-^0^ r^^^ .^•^° .0' .^^ a' .*^% ./^- '■>■ A* ^^•n^. A*' .h^ C^°^. '% .0^ c " " • - o "-^o -> •I o \. *,/'X^ ^'S;^^^' ' " » ^ rO c ° " " » o .s j-'_ G^' ^^o< .*^ ^*^ 'F, -.--,. ^ • ^°' ^^,'-^\/ "-^*^-'/ '^<.,''!^\/ "o- *-^ {■■ X.-^" .\ ^- »S"J6.«I>' / f ^, (y2^,^^_^^/^_i,^ — '. / BIOGRAPHICAL AND Genealogical History OF THE CITY OF NEWARK AND ESSEX COUNTY, NEW JERSEY ILLUSTRATED THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK AND CHICAGO 1898 'y V- INDEX: VOLUME II. A Ahrens, John C 355 Albey, George A 13 Allen Family, The 465 Ailing, Horace 168 Ames, William W 143 Apel, Edward 153 Armbruster, Gregory 300 Arnold, George 219 Ayers, Joseph S 23 Ayres, H. Messenger 221 Ayres, Morgan W 219 B Baier, John 338 Bailey, Henry E 216 Baldwin, Albert B I73 Baldwin Family, The 96 Baldwin, Ira C 223 Baldwin, Isaac P 240 Baldwin, Jeptha H 248 Ball, Jeremiah P I34 Banta, William H 254 Barry, Michael 213 Beach, Joseph E 418 Beach, William L 8 Beck, William F i93 Becker, Louis 9 Beers. Ralph 272 Bennett, John 258 Bennetto, James T 307 Berg, Frederick 288 Berg, Henry 55 Best, James 316 Blair, Samuel E I43 Blake, John L 236 Booth, James 377 Borcherling, Charles 56 Bowden, Anthony 48 Boyle, Patrick 228 Broughton, William R 294 Brown, George H 24 Brown, George F 409 Brown, James H 152 Bruen Family, The 1 10 Brush Family. The 462 Burr, Aaron 35 Burt, George H 40 Bushauer, Peter 322 c Cadmus, Eugene L. R 236 Cadmus Family, The 234 Cadmus. J. H. L 70 Cahill, Owen A 323 Caldwell , John D 364 Campbell. John, Jr 79 Canfield Family, The 106 Carle, Frederick 25 Carlson, John S 27 Carter, Aaron 454 Carter. Abram P 305 Case, AI vin 361 Chapman, C. Durand 267 Chesney , Robert 77 Ciaramelli, Guiseppe 295 Cleveland, Grover 34 Cohen, Jacob 425 Coit, Charles S 184 Colgate Family, The 125 Colie, Edward M 471 Collamore Family, The 44 Colt, Thomas C 328 Condit, Albert P 432 Condit, Elias M 200 Condit Family, The 200 Condit, Ira H 200 Condit, Samuel 205 Condit, Samuel D 351 Condit, William P 339 Cook, Hiram 296 Cooney, Martin J 325 Corb, John 43 Crane, Edward B 22 Crane, Marcus S 74 Crane, Matthias S 214 111 INDEX. Crane, James C 259 Crofutt, Benjamin S 81 Cross, Jeremiah A 140 Crowell. David S 358 Cruden. Timothy 344 Cullen. Thomas H 347 D Dare. Hezekiah 222 Davenport, George W 33 Day. Abraham 369 DeCamp, Aaron 191 DeCanip, George E 192 DeCamp, Wilber W 54 Denman. Aaron B 220 Depue. David A 276 Dettig. John P 360 DeVausney, Wilham H 252 DeWitt, William H 263 Dodge, James 450 Dorer. George 306 Dougherty. Arthur C 96 Drake, George D 290 Drake, Mahlon S 29 Drake, Nathaniel 261 Dugan, Daniel A 207 Durand, Asher B 326 Durand, Frederic F 326 Duryee, John L 19 E East Orange Gazette 93 Edison. Thomas 49 Ely Family, The 246 English, Joseph 257 Epstein, Harry B 15 Evans, Joseph 26 Evertz, Edward 106 Evertz, Ernest C 104 F Feick, Charles A 120 Fevvsmith, Joseph, Jr 167 Firth, Harry 274 Fletcher, Josiah 230 Folsom, Henry 470 Francisco, R. S 373 Francisco, Stephen 3 Frazar. Everett 457 Frazer, David R 119 Freeman, Cyrus G 123 Freeman, George C 120 Freeman, Jabez 112 Freeman, Orville E 122 Frint. Charles H 275 Fulcher. Andrew M 96 Fulcher, Richard A 96 G Gardner, James W. C 12 Gareis, John 127 Garrabrants, William B 262 Gay, Matthew T 1.38 Gay, William A 264 Gazette, East Orange 93 Geoff roy, Ernest A 402 Giveans, Bradford W 29 Glatzmayer, Herman A 305 Goertz, August 302 Grimm, Diedrich 5 H Hagerty, John F 318 Halsey, Henry B 270 Halsted Family, The 123 Halstcd. Oliver S 141 Halsted, Oliver S.. Jr 141 Harrison, Amos W 304 Harrison, Caleb M . XT 256 Harrison, Edwin D 37 Harrison Family, The .^y 255 Harrison, Rufus F 298 Harrison, Zenos G i95 Harrop, Thomas, Sr 34i Hauser, Julius 286 Haydon, Joseph H 212 Haussling, Jacob 35 Heald, Daniel A 115 Heald Family, The 113 Heding. Albert 372 Heller, Elias G 362 Heller, George E 366 Heller, John J 410 Hemmer. Frank 86 Hemmer, Max 86 Hemmer, William 83 Hemmer, William, Jr 86 Hemmer, Peter 85 Hensler, Adolph 345 Hensler, Joseph 128 Herbert. Henry W 135 Herold, Herman C. H I43 Higgins, Thomas F 317 Hill, William 331 Hinck. Christopher A 279 Hoadley, Philemon L 232 Holey, Timothy E 340 Holmes. Hugh 208 Hood, Louis I44 Hopper. Benjamin W 432 INDEX. Hornecker, Charles T 42 Hosp, Ferdinand J 285 Hunkele, Elias 176 Hunkele, John 437 I Irving, Washington 38 J Jacobus, Abram L 231 Jenkins, Melancthon W 72 Jenkins, OHver S 73 Johnson, John L 64 K Kazenmayer, Conrad 416 Kazenmayer, Henry 416 Kazenmayer, Otto 418 Keasbey, Anthony Q 420 Keen, Zebulon M 346 Keer, Ernest F 141 Kierstead, Jacob 82 Kierstead, Lester 367 Kilgus, Frederick 281 Kingsland, Joseph 444 Kingsland, Thomas H 31 Kipp, Charles J 147 Kirkpatrick, Andrew (Chief Justice) 396 Knapp, Minard A 291 Knight, David G 317 Koeck, Paul 28 Kratt, Jacob 359 L La Faucherie, John C 233 Lambert, George H 224 Le Glise, George 260 Lighthipe Family, The 91 Lindsley Family, The 57 Lindsley, Morris B 424 Lockward, Lewis G 374 Long, John H 258 Lyons, William W 436 M Maher, Michael 159 Malatesta, John M 199 Mandeville Family, The 59 Mandeville, Henry A 406 Mandeville, Joseph W 249 Mapes, James J 149 Martin, Robert D 427 Marquet, Eugene J 145 Massmann, Frederick W 80 Matthews, Harry E 303 Matthews, Henry M 95 Maurer, Frederick 368 Mayhew. Francis L 252 McBrair, Henry C 160 McChesney, William 446 McClellan, George B 103 McDermott, Robert 41 McEwen, Richard W 353 McGowan, Thomas 244 McGuinness, Patrick J 304 Mead, George E 132 Meeker, Dayton 312 Meeker Fatnily, The 117 Meeker, Frank W 266 Megaro, P. M 261 Minott, Joseph A 397 Mitchell, George L •. ... 415 Mitchell, Winthrop D 424 Morehouse, Harvey W 440 Mortland, James H 312 Miiller, J. J. Henry 314 Munn Family, The 170 Munn, Orson D 172 N Newark Daily Advertiser 242 Newark Evening News 170 Nichols, Isaac A 151 O Olcott, George P 435 Orange Chronicle, The 181 Orange Journal 177 Orange Record 181 Orange Volksbote 177 Orben, Charles S 287 Osborn, Joseph H 205 Osborne, A. H 167 Osborne, James G 87 Osborn-e. Thomas S 319 Owen, Merton B 190 P Pancost, George W 430 Parker, R. Wayne 448 Parkhurst, Andrew L 313 Pascoe, John F 343 Peddie, Thomas D i Peter, Lucas 291 Pfeififer, Louis V 335 Pierson, Albert F 155 Pitney, John O. H 159 Plum. Joseph W 375 Price, Edward L 282 Price, Frederick H 206 VI INDEX. Purssell Brothers 310 Purssell, Francis J 310 Purssell, James 310 R Reeves, Isaac N 223 Reilly, John 342 Remer, John I54 Righter, William A 250 Rosenwasser, Adolf i94 Ross, Aaron S 401 Ruland, Frederick V 3° Rutan, Calvin 190 Ryerson, David A 88 S Schaedel, Henry J 68 Schmidt, Christian 382 Scott. William L I39 Sheldon, Israel 443 Shepardson, J. M 226 Shipman, Charles L 308 Sieger, Francis H 284 Smith, Cornelius 89 - Smith, Edward P 161 Smith Family, The 161 Smith, G. Washington 404 Smith, Henry 75 Smith, J. Frank 75 Smith, Luman 311 Smith, Nelson 229 Sommer, John 336 Speer, Richard 350 Spottiswoode, George 452 Stager, Ralph V 365 Stagg. George R 320 Stahnten. Herman IS Starr, Charles 94 Stasse, John W 78 Stedenfeld, August 357 Steffens, Julius 269 Stevens, Joseph 301 Stone, Levi P 468 Straus, Moses 39 Struck, Henry J 90 Sutphen, Joseph S 273 T Taylor Family, The 129 Taylor, William F 349 Tichenor, Hiram H 148 Toler, John 165 Travis, Isaac N 237 Trepkau, Fritz 428 Tucker, John J 395 Turrell, George B 410 Tuttle, Joseph N 146 U Underhill, Charles F 227 Underwood, Henry W • 383 V VanDoren, Howard J SS VanHorn, Amos H 4S8 VanHouten, Cornelius 38S Van Ness, Andrew J 354 Van Ness, William 348 Van Reyper, Edwin J 13 Varley, George 198 Voss, John II Vreeland, Warren 37° W Wakefield, William H 363 Wallace, John B I33 Wallace, Theodore C 196 Wallace, William H 384 Ward. Elias S 378 Ward Family. The 379 Ward, Frederic W 136 Ward, Marcus L 65 Watkins, S. C. G 332 Webster, William H 378 Weeks, Charles H 71 Weigand, Charles 300 Weston, Edward 386 Whitehead, Asa 142 Whitehead, William S 142 Widenmayer, George W 7 Wiener, Oscar 293 Wigger, W. M 6 Wilde, Edward S 76 Williams, Charles E 236 Williams, Edmund 216 Williams, Edgar I79 Williams, J. C 218 Williams, Orlando I37 Wolfe. F. W 221 WolfT, Charles G 356 Woodruflf, Franklin C 32 Woodward, Aaron H 309 Wright, Edward H 18 Wright, William 16 Y Yardley, Mrs. Charles B 439 Z Zehmisch, Emil 10 INDEX. vu INDEX OF PORTRAITS: VOLUME II. A /Ailing. Horace i68 B ■ Baier, John 338 • Bailey, Henry E 216 . Baldwin, Isaac P 240 Baldwin, Jeptha H 248 Berg, Frederick 288 Borcherling, Charles 56 Bowden, Anthony 48 Brotighton, William R 294 .Brown, George H 24 i/Brown. James H 152 /Burt. George H 40 C ^Coit, Charles S 184 Condit. Ira H 200 Condit, Mrs. Ira H 200 Crowell. David S 358 D i' DeCamp, George E 192 Depue, David A 276 Dodge, James 450 Durand, Asher B 326 E • Evertz. Edward 106 Evertz, Ernest C 104 F Francisco, Stephen 3 Freeman, George C 120 Freeman, Jabez 1 12 Fulcher, Andrew M 96 Fulcher, Richard A 96 G Gay, William A 264 Geoffroy, Ernest A 402 H Harrison, Amos W 304 Harrison, Caleb M 256 Harrison, Rufus F 298 Halsey, Henry B 270 Heller, Elias G 362 Heller, George E 366 Heller, John J 410 Hensler, Joseph • 128 Hoadley, Philemon L 232 Holmes, Hugh 208 ' Hood, Louis 144 Hunkele, Elias 176 J Jenkins, Melancthon W 72 Johnson, John L 64 K Keasbey, Anthony Q 420 Kazenmayer, Conrad 416 Keen, Zebulon M 346 Kingsland. Joseph 444 Kirkp^trick, Andrew (Chief Justice) 396 L Lambert, George H 224 Lindsley, Morris B 424 Lockward, Lewis G 374 Lyons, William W 436 M Mandeville, Henry A 406 Massmann, Frederick W 80 Miiller, J. J. Henry 3i4 P Peddie, Thomas B Frontispiece Price, Edward L 282 Purssell, James 310 R Reilly, John 342 Ryerson, David A 88 s Schmidt, Christian 382 Speer, Richard 35° Stagg, George R 320 T Trepkau, Fritz 428 V Van Horn, Amos H 4S8 Van Ness, Andrew J 354 Vreeland, Warren 37° W Ward. Frederic W 136 Ward, Elias S 378 Watkins, S. C. G .132 Weston, Edward 386 Woodruff. Franklin C 32 Wright, Edward H 18 Wright, William 16 BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL HISTORY. THOMAS B. PEDDIE, Thomas B. Peddie, one of the most en- terprising and sviccessful of the citizens of Newark, New Jersey, began his business career in that place in 1833, before it had been incorporated as a city. Mr. Peddie was a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, and this was also the birthplace of his parents, who were persons of more than ordinary in- telligence, of great industry, and of remark- able piety, his father being somewhat noted as a religious exhorter. To the example and influence of such estimable parents was young F'eddie indebted for his habits of industry, as well as for his self-reliance and his reverence for everything that is essen- tial to an honorable and pious life. Such ad\-antages for an education as were within the means of his parents were accorded to him. and, though not great, they were quite sufificient for the ordinary purposes of life. To the acquisitions made by him as a schoolboy he subsequently added largely by reading and by contact with his fellow men as he increased in years. He was fond of books of travel and of the accounts of for- eign lands given in the newspapers of the ii-i 1 day. His desire to visit America was thus aroused, and having at last, through his own industry, acquired sufficient means to gratify his desire, he left his native land for the United States, not quite decided, how- ever, to make it his permanent home. In 1833, as already stated, he found him- self in Newark, New Jersey, a place which he had been induced to visit on account of the rapid growth of its manufacturing inter- ests. Not intending to be an idle looker- on, but determined rather to obtain a thor- ough knowledge of the new people among whom he had fallen, he visited the various factories of the place, and finally applied for employment in the great saddlery estab- lishment of Messrs. Smith & Wright, the latter of whom became subsequently a sen- ator of the United States. He l)ore about him no other commendation than his hon- est face and manly ways, but these sufficed to gain him a desirable position in this ex- tensi\e factory. Here he remained two years, when, having become familiar with the business ways of the land in which he had now concluded to make a permanent home, he resolved to test his own business abilities as an operator and financier. Ac- ESSEX COUNTY cordingly he undertook, in a modest way. the inaniifacture of leather trunks and car- petbags. Success attended him beyond his expectations, and a large and lucrative busi- ness seemed to await him in no distant future. For ten years he continued to man- age alone his rapidly extending operations. In 1846 he found it necessary, however, to take a business partner to assist him in his labors, especially in keeping his books and attending to his growing correspondence. For this important service he selected Mr. John Morrison, who subsequently proved himself to be one of Newark's most es- timable and patriotic citizens. This part- nership continued until 1861, wdien Mr. Morrison died. On Mr. Peddie alone again devolved the care of his immense estab- lishment, and to it he gave his undivided attention; but the burden being more than he could long carry unassisted, he sought aid eventually from one of his most es- teemed and accomplished assistants, Mr. George B. Jenkinson, whose familiarity with every department of the complicated works relieved Mr. Peddie of much of his labor and finally resulted in a partnership between them, under the firm name of T. B. Peddie & Company. Under this name the business was conducted until the death of its founder. For many years prior to his decease, and, indeed, until within a short time before that event, Mr. Peddie was active in discharge of all the duties of a good and patriotic citizen. His interests led him, of course, to take a prominent part in the conduct of the mon- eyed institutions of the city, in many of which he was an influential director. But even where personal interest cHd not call him he was equally earnest and active. In almost every important public movement he was among the leaders, aiding by his advice as well as by his purse. Of the board of trade of the city of Newark he was a most efticient meml^er, at one time its president and at all times an earnest participant in its proceedings. It was undoubtedly the sterling honesty of ]\lr. Peddie which pointed him out as a desirable man to be placed in public posi- tions of great responsibility. It was this that sent him, in 1863 and 1864. to the state legislature, where, as a member of the gen- eral assembly, he gave valuable support to the general government during the war of the Rebellion, and by his influence and contributions did good service in behalf of the Union. Durinp- the neriod of four years, 1866-69, he was mayor of Newark, an office which he filled with credit to himself and advantage to the city. In 1876 he represented the sixth congres- sional district of New Jersey in the forty- fifth congress. On the expiration of his term he declined further nomination. ^\'ithout making any pretense of learn- ing, Mr. Peddie appreciated fully the value of a good education, and this is shown by the interest which he took in building up the flourishing academy in Hightstown, New Jersey, to which was given, in honor of him, the name of Peddie Institute. He was one of the early promoters of the New- ark Technical School, an institution for which the city of Newark is mainly indebt- ed to its board of trade, by wdiich body the first steps were taken for its establishment, with Mr. Peddie as chairman of the com- mittee having charge of the enterprise. For many years he was a trustee for the Newark City Home, a school to which he gave mucli attention. Of all benevolent enter- I^rises he was a supporter, ever ready to ad- A^0oiA^yL4-^. .XJ ESSEX COUNTY. vance tliem by contributing of his means as well as by his personal services. On Newark's principal thoroughfare, nearly facing one of its beautiful parks, stands a house of worship, built of gray granite, in Byzantine style of architecture, and capable of seating three thousand wor- shipers. It is called the Peddie Memorial, and was the gift of this beneficent man to the congregation with which he connected himself when, as a youth, he came to New- ark, and with which he continued to wor- ship througliout his long and useful career. The erection of this massive pile was the last work of Mr. Peddie's life. It is one of Newark's noblest structures, but he did not live to see it completed. The name given to it was never suggested until after his death, which occurred February i6, 1889. A|l of Mr. Peddie's designs in regard to the construction and appointments of this edi- fice were fully carried out by his estimable widow, who followed him into eternal rest three years afterward. She also complied with another wish on his part by giving to the church valuable property, in New York city and elsewhere, which yields it a handsome revenue. STEPHEN FRANCISCO is the owner of the most complete dairy plant in America and is the recognized lead- er in this enterprise. The volume of his business is so extensive that it at once in- dicates the superior ability and manage- ment of him who stands at its head, while all with whom he has had trade relations regard him as a most reliable and trust- worthy man. The farm upon which he was born Au- gust 21, 1850, and upon which he now re- sides, was the ancestral home of the Fran- ciscos. It is located in Caldwell township, Essex county, and was purchased from the Indians by his great-grandfather, Hendrick Francisco. The grandfather of our suIj- ject, Josiah Francisco, and the fath- er, Peter Francisco, were both born on the old homestead. The latter be- came a very successful farmer, and was also a leader in public affairs and served his fellow townsmen in the office of free- holder. Both he and his wife were .devout members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and largely advanced the cause of Christianity in this community. The father died in 1843. at the age of forty-three years, leaving nine children to the care of the widowed mother. Mrs. Francisco bore the maiden name of Abbie Gould, and was a daughter of Josiah Gould, of Welsh de- scent and of old Revolutionarv stock. She died in May, 1896, at the advanced age of eighty-six, death thus terminating a life that had been as useful and noble as it was long. After the death of her husband she assumed the management of the home farm, comprising three hundred acres of land, and capably managed the same in ad- dition to performing the household duties in connection with the care of her large family. She was a woman of very even disposition, never displaying an irritation of temper, equable, kind and loving. She contributed liberally to the support of the church, and by word and deed brought her children up in the admonition of the Lord. The children in her family were Eliza- beth, widow of Josiah Franklin; Henry, who died in 1892 in Fairfield; Joanna, de- ceased wife of Richard Spear, of Mont- clair; Marcus, who died in Newark, in 1874; Rachel, who became the wife of John H. ESSEX COUNTT. Spear, and died in 1874; Josiah, who died in childhood; Susan, Ella and Stephen. The subject of this review attended the common schools in his youth and was reared to manhood on the old homestead. He entered upon his business career in No- vember, 1878, when he bought a small milk route. He milked nine cows and delivered the milk with one wagon; but his patron- age steadily increased and he now milks four hundred and fifty cows, and employs sixty men to attend to the products of the dairy, and has thirty-five horses used in the distribution of the milk and in other ser- vice on the farm. He keeps Jersey and Guernsey grade cows and has what is uni- versally acknowledged to be the best equipped dairy plant in the countrv. The milk is shipped to Newark. Montclair and the Oranges, and the company has a milk depot and distributing station on Glen- ridge avenue, Montclair, as well as in Cald- well. Over thirty-five hundred quarts of milk and cream are delivered daily by wagon. Great care is exercised in every- thing connected with the dairy, and it would be impossible to imagine a place where greater neatness and cleanliness pre- vailed. The men who form the milking force are attired in white suits, which are washed daily and inspected before being used. Such is the reputation of the dairy that the visitors' register which is kept there has shown as high as one hundred and forty visitors in a single day. Committees have been sent from Wisconsin and other states to inspect the plant, and among the visitors was Professor Henry, of the Wis- consin University, who reported that the plant was the most practical he had ever seen in this country or in Europe. A num- ber of states have sent committees here to investigate the methods used in the care of the cattle and of the milk, in order to intro- duce the same into the departments of agri- culture in the state colleges. An editorial in the Archives of Pediatrics, a medical publication which gives much attention to children's diseases, complimented in the highest possible terms the methods fol- lowed by the company as securing the greatest purity in milk. On the ist of Au- gust, 1894, the business was incorporated under the name of the Fairfield Dairy Com- pany, and from the beginning its founder has been the president. To him is due the success of the enterprise; his has been the executive power and sound judgment which has made this a profitable concern, and certainly he deserves great credit in this particular. The officers of the companv, in addition to Mr. Francisco, are his wife, who is vice- president and director; Joseph Blavelt, who is secretary and director, and also man- ager of the farm; George C. Freeland, director, who is manager of the distributing depot in Montclair; and W. P. Francisco, who is also a director. Mrs. Francisco has been to her husband a most faithful com- panion and helpmeet, and without her counsel he executes no business enterprise. She bore the maiden name of Lydia Morehouse, her father being Aaron B. Morehouse. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Francisco was celebrated May 27, 1874, and they became the parents of six chil- dren: Wellington P., who pursued a clas- sical course of study in Rutgers College; Ruth Edna; Stephen J. G., a student in Montclair Military Academy; and three now deceased. The family have a hand- some home in Caldwell township, which was erected by the grandfather, enlarged ESSEX COUNTY. l)y tlie father and modernized by our sub- ject, who has added aU the modern im- pro\^ements and conveniences. Its hospi- taHty seems boundless, and is enjoyed by a very large circle of friends. Mr. Francisco is a whole-souled man, whose well spent life is worthy of high commendation. He has never used tobacco or intoxicants, and through a lifelong membership in the Re- formed church of Fairfield he has almost continuously held office, serving for many years in the position of elder and Sunday- school superintendent. He acknowledges his indebtedness to his noble mother and loving wife for what he has achieved, and while very successful himself he is not nar- row or selfish in this, but generously aids others who desire to help themselves and thus make the most of life's opportunities. DIEDRICH H. GRIMM is one of the worthy sons that the father- land has furnished to Essex county. He is now identified with the business interests of Orange as a member of the firm of Lord & Company, painters and decorators. He was born in the city of Hoja, in Hanover, Germany, July 20, 1830, and is a son of Carson and Margaretta (Mahlstedt) Grimm. His father was a farmer all his life, and met his death as the result of fall- ing from a building: his wife has also passed away. They were the parents of four children, namely : August, who re- sides on the old homestead in Hoja; Mary, who died in 1897: Dora, wife of Fritz Bur- hofY, of Bremen, Germany, by whom she has seven children; and our subject. Diedrich Henry Grimm acquired a com- mon-school education in his native town and remained at his parental home imtil seventeen years of age. He learned the trade of shoemaking with his brother and worked as a journeyman in the city of Bremen for a time. He then returned home, but the opportunities for advance- ment were few and America held out great inducements for young inen who wished to rise in the world; so he determined to cross the Atlantic. A wish to avoid military ser- vice also led to this step, and in 1871 he em- barked in a westward-bound sailing vessel, which bore him to the harbor of New York, on the 26th of August, 1871. Coming to Orange, he secured work at his trade, which he followed until 1873, when, desir- ous of finding a more lucrative occupation, he took up painting and decorating and paper-hanging. He became very proficient in this business, won success in his under- takings, and in 1891 was admitted to a partnership in the firm of Lord & Com- pany, who are now doing an extensive and profitable business in painting, decorating and paper-hanging in Orange. The firm have executed the interior work of some of the finest residences in Essex and adjoin- ing counties. It is ever of the most com- plete and artistic character and their pro- ficienc}-, honorable dealing and prompt and reliable business methods have won them a very liberal patronage. Mr. Grimm is a valued member of vari- ous societies, including Hillside Council, No. 1329, Royal Arcanum, of Orange, in which he was treasurer for some time; John F. Morse Lodge. No. 183, I. O. O. F.. of Orange, of which he has been financial sec- retary for six years; and of Essex Encamp- ment, No. 59, of Orange. In politics he is independent, supporting the men whom he thinks best qualified for ofifice. His time has been too largely taken up with busi- ESSEX COUNTY. ness cares to allow him to enter actively in the field of politics, were he so inclined. His energy has enabled him to triumph over many obstacles in the path to pros- perity, and by determined purpose he has steadily wrested from fate the much-desired success. Mr. Grimm was married in Orange, April 3, 1878, to Emma Nickle, a daughter of Christian Nickle, and they have three sons: Christian August, born November 29, 1885, now a student in music; George Henry, born October 19, 1887; and Will- iam Diedrich, born September 9, 1889. The parents are leading members of the First German Presbyterian church of Orange, of which Mr. Grimm is now serving as trustee. RT. REV. W. M. WIGGER, D. D., the beloved bishop of Newark, was born December g, 1841, and his preparatory studies were pursued at St. Francis Xav- ier's College, New York. He studied the- ology in the College Brignole-Sale, Genoa, Italy, and was ordained a priest in 1865. On the 17th of August of the same year he left Genoa for America, and while cross- ing the ocean on his way home chol- era broke out among the passengers on the steamship Atlanta, on which he had em- barked, and there it was that the young priest first publicly exercised the functions of the sacred ministry with which he had so recently been invested. His attentions to the sick and dying were unceasing, and on his arrival at New York he volunteered, with remarkable heroism, to remain in the pest ship until every vestige of the dreaded disease had disappeared. For two weeks he faithfully kept his post, consoling the dying and closing the eyes of the dead until the self-imposed task was fully performed. On arriving at Newark Bishop Bayley attached him to the cathedral, where for four years he gave edification as a pious, zealous and faithful priest. His zeal never flagged and his devotion to the sick and afflicted never wearied, for the lesson he learned in the plague ship was never after- ward forgotten. In 1869 Father Wigger was appointed to the church in Madison, whose pastorate had been left vacant by the death of the talented and popular Father D'Arcy. At the time when St. John's church in Orange was in its worst phase of financial embarrassment. Bishop Corri- gan looked about him for a priest who, by prudence, piety, zeal and administrative ability, might be in every way fitted to in- spire confidence in the people and retrieve the fortunes of the overburdened church. Dr. Wigger was his choice, and without hesitation the present bishop of Newark obeyed the voice of his superior and gave up his comparatively easy mission for the discouraging and almost despaired-of charge of St. John's. In less than six months he paid off eleven thousand dollars of the debt, but believing the task to be a hopeless one he asked to be relieved, and was made pastor of Summit, in February, 1874. In June, 1876, Dr. Wigger was again transferred to Madison, where he remained in the quiet discharge of his duties, respect- ed and loved by all, until called to the holy office which he now fills. He was conse- crated by his predecessor, Archbishop Cor- rigan, assisted by Bishop Loughlin and Bishop McQuaid, in the cathedral of New- ark, October 18, 1881. For a short time thereafter he remained in his beloved old Madison, but he soon became convinced of the necessity of making his abode where ESSEX COUNTY. his priests could have more easy access to him, and in consequence moved to New- ark. In April, 1883, he took up his resi- dence at Seton Hall, in order to be better able to give his immediate supervision to the college and ecclesiastical seminary. Since his elevation to the episcopacy Dr. Wigger has been an indefatigable worker. Pastoral visitations, administering confir- mation, assisting in the neighboring dio- ceses and dispensing charity. — these are the daily occupations of the Bishop of New- ark; and it is chiefly in this last, his great sympathy for the sufifering portion of hu- manity, that the key to the true character of the man can be found. While he is frugal in the extreme in whatever concerns himself, he is lavish beyond measure wlier- ever charity stretches out her appealing hand. The orphanages and hospitals of the diocese have in him a kind father and a gen- erous patron, and every work of charity or- ganized for the good of the poor, the neg- lected and the afflicted has his uncjualified approval and support. One of his latest works is the establishment of an industrial school for boys, at Arlington. Here neg- lected and wayward boys are received, ed- ucated and taught trades, so that in after life they may be able to earn for them- selves an honest livelihood. The chief pas- tor of the diocese of Newark is indeed a father to his people. GEORGE W. WIEDENMAYER was born in Newark, April 28, 1848, and is descended from German and French ances- try. His parents were Christopher and Caroline Wiedenmayer. His mother bore the maiden name of Caroline Mayer, and was first married to Peter Schickhaus, by whom she had two sons and one daughter. Her sons were Charles and Edward and the latter was a representative business man of Newark, who for a number of years was president of the State Banking Com- pany, of this city. He died July 7, 1897, leaving a widow and two sons and two daughters. Christopher Wiedenmayer, the father of our subject, was born in Meiningen, Ba- varia, Germany, in 1812, acquired a com- mon-school education and learned the trade of cloth-weaving. In 1835 he came to America, having landed in New York city. Finally he located in Newark, where he had landed interests, and where he engaged in the trucking business, which he conducted with more than ordinary success until 1858, when he purchased the Schalk Brothers' brewery at the corner of Hamburg place and Napoleon street. There he engaged in the brewing business until 1876, when hav- ing accumulated a handsome fortune he re- tired from active life. He spent his re- maining days in the enjoyment of a well earned rest and died September 8, 1879. He had married in New York city, and by this union were born two sons and one daughter: Gustav A., who died at the age of fifty-five years: Amelia, wife of Jacob Smith: and George W. Having completed the prescribed courses of the grammar and high schools of New- ark, George W. Wiedenmayer of this re- view entered Eastman's Business College, at Poughkeepsie, New York. When his edu- cation was completed, he joined his father in business and under his direction mas- tered the same, learning the trade in all its departments. In 1870 he was admitted to partnership, a relation that was maintained until the father's retirement from business. 8 ESSEX COUNTY. In 1879 our subject established the New- ark Citv Brewery, on East Market street, and has there built up an enterprise which has attained considerable magnitude, being one of the largest breweries in the county. Its products meet with a ready market throughout the state and the large sales of the brewery yield to the proprietor a handsome income. In addition to his other interests Mr. Wiedenmayer is a member of the directorate of the German Savings Bank of Newark and of the Newark Tele- phone Company. He is a man of great en- ergy, strong determination and unfaltering purpose, and carries forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes. In Trenton, New Jersey, Mr. Wieden- mayer was united in marriage to Miss Mara M. Becker, the wedding being celebrated June 8, 1870. The lady is a daughter of Joseph B. and Helena (Flesch) Becker, and by her marriage has become the moth- er of four children : George C., a graduate of the high school of Newark, is now with his father in business; Gustav A., a mem- ber of the graduating class of 1898 in La- fayette College, of Easton, Pennsylvania; Joseph E., a member of the graduating class of the Newark high school; and Helen C. a student in Newark Seminary. The family attend the German Reformed church. Politically Mr. Wiedenmayer is a Demo- crat, and on that ticket was twice elected alderman. At the beginning of his second term he was chosen president of the city council, and in 1889 was elected by a splen- did majority to represent his district in the state legislature, where he carried consid- erable influence, leaving the im])ress of his in(li\'iduality ui)on the legislation of the state. He takes considerable interest in civic societies, is a \-alued member of St. John's Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of which he is past master; is a member of Harmony Chapter, R. A. M., of Kane Council, R. & S. M., and of Atlas Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Newark, and by his genial manner and cor- dial disposition has won many friends in these organizations. It is a creditable fact that his business success is the result of his own judicious management and that his own strength of character served as the foundation for his prosperity. WILLIAM L. BEACH, of Roseland, was born in Hanover, Morris county. New Jersey, on the 13th of April, 1834. His father, Lindsey J. Beach, also a native of Hanover, was a son of Noah Beach, whose birth also occurred in Morris county and who represented a family long connected with the settlement of this state. The mother of our subject bore the maiden name of Sarah Ball and was a daughter of Phineas K. Ball, of Morris county. Lind- sey and Sarah Beach became the parents of eleven children, ten of whom reached years of maturity. William L. Beach, the third in order of birth, was reared in Hano\er to the age of se\'enteen years, when he left the parental roof an entered upon an apprenticeship to a blacksmith. His term covered four years, after which he worked as a journeyman for ten years, and then came to Roseland, where he established a smithy of his own and has been since engaged in business for himself. He has built up a good trade and is a popular workman, whose enterprise and industry have enabled him to secure a liberal patronage. In 1861, ih Hanoxer, was celebrated the ESSEX COUNTY. 9 marriage which united the destinies of Mr. Beach and Miss Susan A. Winnans. a daughter of Joseph B. Winnans. of Han- over. Her death occurred on the nth of July, 1889, at the age of fifty-three years, and Mr. Beach was again married, in Felv ruary. 1890. his second union being with Miss Jessie HoweH. of Newark, a daughter of Ambrose Howell, who died in Newark in 1897. Mr. Beach is a member of the Presbyterian church of Roseland. and has served as one of its elders from its organi- zation. He exercises his right of fran- chise in support of the principles of the Re- publican party and is deeph- interested in its success. A self-made man. he has been dependent upon his own efforts since early life and has steadily worked his way up- ward from humble surroundings to a plane of success and competency. LOUIS BECKER. a farmer and horticulturist of South Orange township. Essex county. New Jersey, is a native of this county, born in Newark, Jan- uary 29. 1862. Mr. Becker comes of German parents and in him are found many of the charac- teristics which distinguish the thrifty Ger- man farmers. His father. William F. Beck- er, was born in Hanau, Germany, in 1832. and about 1848 emigrated to this country, landing in New York city and shortly after- ward settling in Newark. Here he married Miss Christian Turck, who came from Ger- many to this country when a girl. Al- though only sixteen years of age when he landed in America. William F. Becker had previous to that time learned the trade of jeweler, and this business he followed here successfully for many years. For about forty years he was a resident of Hilton. He died in 1894. at the age of sixty-two years. He took a commendable interest in the af- fairs of his adopted country, and affiliated with the Republican party, but never sought or filled public office. Such was his life that he won and retained the respect of all those with whom he was associated. Louis Becker received his schooling chiefly at Hilton. At the age of fifteen he entered upon an apprenticeship to the art of engraving, with the firm of Carter. Sloan & Company, of Newark, became pro- ficient in the same and subsequently en- gaged in business for himself. However, his tastes were in another direction and he soon turned from engraving to farming and horticulture. In this he has been very suc- cessful. He is the owner of some valuable realty, including his beautiful country place and property on Burnet avenue. South Orange. December 24. 1884. Mr. Becker married Miss Emma Gant, a native of Bergen coun- ty. New Jersey, and a daughter of James Gant. who came to this country from Eng- land in the early part of the present cen- tury. They have two children. Emma Cora and George Norman, aged respectively eight and ten years. Mr. Becker is a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Foresters and the INIa- sonic order, his membership in the latter being in Irvington Lodge, No. 10, F. & A. M., where he has passed all the chairs and now fills the office of worshipful master. Unlike his father, he is identified with the Democratic party. He is public-spirited and progressive, actively interested in local affairs, and has filled some important posi- tions. For two years he was a township lO ESSEX COUNTY. committeeman and for a number of years he has been a member of the board of edu- cation. EMIL ZEHMISCH. The German type is one that has found many representatives in the New World, and is one tliat has ever been found fore- most in giving impetus to the march of progress, in retaining a clear mental grasp, and in directing affairs along safe and con- servative lines. America owes much to the Teutonic race, and among its u'orthy rep- resentatives in New Jersey is the subject of this review, a young man who ranks first among the grocers of the Orange valley. His life has been one of well directed indus- try and has therefore been crowned by a merited success. Mr. Zehmisch was born in the old town of Zeitz, in Saxony, Germany, January 7, 1839. and is a son of Frederick and Chris- tiana (Schuman) Zehmisch, also natives of Saxony. The father, also born in Zeitz, ac- quired his education in its public schools, after which he learned the stone-cutter's trade, which became his life's occupation. He was a just man in all his business tran- sactions, conscientious and honorable, and all who knew him esteemed him highly for his genuine worth. He departed this life in 1884. but his widow is still living and resides with her daughter Mary in the city of Hamburg, Germany. They were the parents of five children : Bertha, wife of John Kresse, a resident of Leipsic, Ger- many; Mary, wife of Amandus Metzler, who is living in Hamburg: Emil; Pauline, a widow, now residing in Hamburg, Ger- many; and Emma, now Mrs. Hemmerden, also of Hamburg. Reared at his parental home, Emil Zeh- misch acquired his education in the schools of his native town, and like his father learned the stone-cutter's trade, after which he worked as a journeyman in Hamburg for several years. In 1881 he decided to come to America, believing that better business opportunities were here afforded to the ambitious young man; nor was he disappointed in this hope. Accordingly he made arrangements for leaving the father- land, and on the 21st of July, 1881, landed at New York, after a voyage of thirteen days. In that city he secured employment at his trade, which he followed in the east- ern metropolis for about eight years. In 1890 he removed to Hoboken, New Jersey, where he opened a grocery store, carrying on a successful trade at that point until October, 1894, when he came to Orange and purchased the premises he now oc- cupies. He has here a large and commo- dious store room and is conducting the leading grocery of the place. His store is well arranged and supplied with a large and carefully selected stock of staple and fancy groceries; his earnest desire to please his customers and his fair dealing has se- cured to him a liberal patronage, and he is meeting with a success that is well deserved. Mr. Zehmisch began life in this country empty-handed but has steadily worked his way upward. Industry wisely and vigor- ously applied never fails of success; it car- ries a man onward and upward, brings out his individual character, and acts as a pow- erful stimulus to the efforts of others. The greatest results in life are usually attained by simple means and the exercise of the ordinary qualities of common sense and perseverance. The every-day life, with its cares, necessities and duties, affords ample ESSEX COUNTY. II opportunities for acquiring experience of the best kind, and its most beaten paths provide a true worker with abundant scope for effort and for self-improvement. Mr. Zehmisch has ever made the most of his opportimities. and in tlie every-day walks of life has so ruled his actions as to gain a foremost place in business circles and also in the esteem of his fellow townsmen. He is a valued member of Union Lodge, No. II, F. & A. M., of Orange, and of Friedens Lodge, No. 330, L O. O. F., of New York. In thecityof Hamburg, Germany, August 5, 1879, Mr. Zehmisch was united in mar- riage to Miss Amelia Theede, who was born May 27, 1858, in the old city of Altona, near the city of Hamburg, Germany, and is a daughter of Otto and Louisa (Barth) Theede, natives of Schleswig-Holstein. They have two children : Reinhold, born June 5, 1880; and Alma, born June 2, 1881. After two vears' residence in New York, Mr. Zehmisch was there joined by his little family. They attend the Lutheran church in Orange and in social circles they oc- cupy an en\iable position. JOHN VOSS, d. member of the well known firm of Lord & Company, who are extensively engaged in the house-painting and decorating busi- ness at No. 19 Center street. Orange, is a native of Germany, his birth having oc- curred on the 28th of June, 1856, in the town of Suederhastadt, province of Schles- wig-Holstein. His parents, Henry and Antje (Schmidt) Voss, were also of German stock. Henry Voss passed his entire life in agricultural pursuits and was regarded as a worthy, industrious citizen by his neigh- bors and attained some local distinction as a musician of merit. He died at the town of Ouickbon, on the 6th of March, 1866. His wife still survives, at present living in her native country. John Voss received a common-school education in the public institutions of Ger- many, attending the same until sixteen years old, when, in accordance with the custom of the land, he was apprenticed to a trade, choosing that of painting and deco- rating. After completing his apprentice- ship he worked as a journeyman until 1876, when he was drafted into the military ser- vice for a term of three years, and on the expiration of that period he returned home and resumed his chosen trade. Li 1880 he decided to seek broader fields for his labors, and, his attention being di- rected to the New World, he left home on the loth of November, 1880, crossed the Atlantic and landed at New York on the 29th of the same month. Here Mr. Voss pursued various occupations, also in Con- necticut and New Jersey, and in 1884 came to Orange, where he once more took up his trade and followed it on his own re- sponsibility until 1890, when he entered into partnership with William Lord and Richard Grimm, under the firm name of Lord & Company, and has since that time met with signal success in that line of en- terprise. The firm has become well and favorably known in this part of the state and has executed the decorating and finish- ing of some of the finest of the modern resi- dences throughout Essex and adjacent counties. As to social relations, we may state that Mr. Voss is a member of John F. Morse Lodge, No. 83, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of Orange; and he has also been 12 ESSEX COUNTY. more or less identified with a number of singing societies in tliis city. Regarding political matters, Mr. Voss prefers to re- main neutral, supporting those candidates whom he considers personally to be the most worthy of of^cial preferment. The marriage of Mr. Voss was consum- mated on the 19th of October, 1887, when he was united to Miss Mary Louise Kazen- mayer, a daughter of Otto and Mary Louisa (Volk) Kazenmayer. Mr. and Mrs. Voss are the parents of three children, namely: Bertha Louisa, born ]\Iarch 7, 1888: Albert Frederick W.. born Decein- ber 20, 1889; and Antje Augusta Marie, l)orn July 23, 1894. Mr. Voss and family are consistent adherents of the German Presbyterian church. JAMES W. C. GARDNER, now deceased, for many years a leading representative of the business interests of Essex county, was born January iS, 1832, and was a son of Charles E. and Catherine (Crozier) Gardner, wliose children were as follows: James W. C; Sarah J.; Frances, wife of Joseph Wightman: Charles N., and William C. The grandfather, James Gard- ner, wedded Mary Earl and made his home in W'eehawken, where he followed the oc- cupation of farming. The ancestry of the family can be traced back to the time of Cromwell, at which time a member of the family owned a large es- tate in England. He was assassinated for political reasons, and the estate which he owned was recently advertised bv the gov- ernment of that country, but the heirs were unable to secure possession of it on account of some little technicality and it reverted to the state. A son, Thomas Gardner, emi- grated to America and settled in Winches- ter, New York, where he married a widow whose name was Mary Ann Smith. Their son Elijah, who married Sarah Force, lo- cated at Union Hill, New Jersey, and was the owner of all of the land on which the town is now built, and much besides. He died in 1809, a member of the Presbyterian church, antl his remains were deposited in the Springfield cemetery. After his death his widow and son John removed to New York, where the latter was reared and edu- cated. He married Miss Phoebe Ann Bruen and lived in Newark, New Jersey. He served as a soldier in the war of 18 12 and was the first coach-builder at Newark, doing an extensive business and employing a force of more than one hundred workmen. His coaches were shipped largely to the south and Mexico; and he conducted the 'old manufactory on Montgomery and Me- chanic streets. He died ]\Iay 24, i860, and his wife died December 31, 1859. Their children were Sarah, Ann, W'illiam Bruen, Maria Louisa (ist), Maria Louisa (2d), Frances Henrietta. James W. C. Gardner, whose name intro- duces this review, was reared on the farm, but after entering upon his business career established a coal yard in Newark, where he carried on operations for some time, en- joying a large trade and deriving therefrom a lucrative patronage. He also conducted a coal yard in South Orange, and his enter- prise, capable management and honorable dealing brought to him success of which he was well deserving. At length he dis- posed of his coal interests and removed to Delaware, where he engaged in fruit-farm- ing. He owned a valuable place, set out with fine varieties of the fruit best adapted ESSEX COUNTY. 13 to the climate, and acain his sound judg- ment in business affairs and his well tlirect- ed efforts brought him prosperity. He car- ried on that enterprise until his death, whicli occurred on the 19th of June, 1883. He had the respect of all who knew him and his loss was mourned by many friends. Mr. Gardner was united in marriage to Miss Frances Henrietta, daughter of John and Phoebe Ann (Bruen) Gardner, John being a son of Elijah and Sarah (Force) Gardner. Mrs. Gardner is now living in Newark, surrounded by her many friends. Her excellence of character and her sterling worth have endeared her to those whom she has met, and by all she is highly es- teemed. EDWIN J. VAN REYPER, a florist of Belleville, was born June 18, 1859, in Jersey City, New Jersey, and is a son of John Van Horn and Mar- garet A. (Van Riper) Van Reyper. The father also was a native of Jersey City, and was a successful florist. Ed- win J. Van Reyper attended the common schools in his early youth, and later pur- sued a course of study in Hasbrook Insti- tute, of Jersey City. He learned the flor- ist's business with his father, continuing to act as his assistant until 1882, when he em- barked in business on his own account in Jersey City. In 1886 he removed to his present location in Belle\ille, where he has built up an excellent trade, doing both a wholesale and retail business, dealing in all kinds of flowers. He has an exten.sive pat- ronage in New York city, Jersey City, Newark, and other places, and no finer specimens of floriculture can be found upon the market than those which come from his greenhouses. He has made a close and thorough study of the business, under- stands fully the needs and requirements of the various kinds of plants, and the beauti- ful flowers which he produces insure him a very liberal patronage. On the 5th of November. 1885. Mr. Van Reyper was united in marriage to Miss Anna E. Joraleman, a daughter of John B. Joraleman, a member of one of the old and worthy families of Belleville. By this union have been born two children : Clar- ence Edwin, who died at the age of two years; and Florence Edna, who is now at- tending the public schools. The parents attend the Dutch Reformed church of Belleville, and Mr. \'an Reyper is a mem- ber of Belleville Lodge, No. 108, F. & A. M. In his political views he is a stalwart Republican, is a member of the Republican central committee of Essex county, and is now serving his second term as a member of the board of freeholders. GEORGE A. ALBEY, dealer in fruits and vegetables at No. 195 Main street, was Ijorn in the city of Orange, New Jersey, on the I5t]i of January, 1865, a son of Nicholas and Catiierine (Kutcher) Albey. The father is a native of Germany, and the mother was born in Morris county, New Jersey. He was educated in the pub- lic schools of East Orange, and at the age of eighteen he began to learn the printer's trade and was employed in the ofifice of the Orange Journal until attaining his major- ity, when he engaged in the fruit and vege- table business in the employ of J. T. Munn & Company, and remained with them for several years. On May i, 1892, he came to 14 ESSEX COUNTY. Orange and located at his present place on !\Iain street, where he has since carried on a flourishing- business, his success being the logical result of industry, perseverance and honorable methods in ^11 his dealings, which have gained for him an extensive patronage among the best families in Orange. In relation to his social connections Mr. Albey is a popular and highly respected member of the Masonic fraternity, his affili- ation being with Lafayette Lodge, No. 12. of Orange. In his political adherency he is a Republican and a stanch advocate of the principles and policies of that party. Mr. Albey celebrated his marriage at Orange on the 30th of June, 1891, when he was united to Miss Bernice Mabel Tolfree, a daughter of Francis and EHza (Van Ness) Tolfree, and they are the parents of one child, Helen Irene, who was born June 13, 1892. Mr. Albey is an adherent of the Bethel Priesbyterian church, of East Orange, while his wife is a communicant of the First Methodist Episcopal church, of Orange. They are both well known in the Oranges and enjoy the warm regard of their numerous friends. Nicholas Albey, father of the foregoing, was born in Germany on the 8th of May, 1837, and is a son of Michael and Caroline (Emmons) Albey. He received a limited education in the public schools of his na- tive country, and at the age of twelve was brought by his parents to America, where, upon arriving at his fifteenth year, he was apprenticed to the blacksmith trade under William Morrison, at Montclair. New Jer- sey, and after completing a three and a half years' service he worked as a journey- man for some time. He then moved to Orange and engaged in the grocery busi- ness for a period of seven years, but eventu- ally returned to his trade and in 1891 opened a shop in East Orange, where he is at present located. Mr. Albey married Miss Catherine Kutcher, a daughter of Louis and Adeline Kutcher, of German stock, and this union has been blessed with five children, as fol- lows: Louis N., born October 20, 1861, died November 8, 1895; George A., born January 15, 1865; Emma, born February 17, 1868, married Nelson Gambol, of East Orange, and they have three children, — Lillie May, Leroy and Louis Albey; Ed- ward F. born October 6, 1872, resides with his parents; and Lillie May, born Septem- ber 17, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Albey are both consistent members of the Bethel Presbyterian church, of East Orange. Michael Albey was born in Germany and came to America with his family in 1843, landed in New York and later took up his residence in Pompton Plains, Morris coun- tv. New Jersey, where he lived a short time and then came to Orange. He located near Orange mountain, followed farming and there passed the most of his life, the latter part of which he spent in Montclair, and there his death occurred, when he had at- tained the advanced age of seventy years. He married Miss Caroline Emmons, and her demise took place in Montclair when she was about forty-five years old. To Mr. and Mrs. Albey were born the following children : Nicholas, of whom we have just written; John, who married Miss Mary Smith, and they reside in New- ark with their four children, — Frederick, Herbert, Walter and William. Frederick married Miss Sarah Fisher and they have two sons and three daughters; Catherine became the wife of Frank Grier and they ESSEX COUNTY. 15 have two children, — Joseph and Barbara: Augustus married, and died at the age of twenty-five years, leaving one child, Mor- rell. ' f' '" HERMAN STAHNTEN, a member of the board of aldermen of New- ark, and a well known grocer of the city, was born in Bremen, Germany, on the 20th of September, 1862, and is a son of Herman and Mary Stahnten, who are still living in the Fatherland. The former followed the sea for many years, but is now living re- tired. Their family numbered ten children, — six sons and four daughters. The subject of this review was reared under the parental roof and acquired his education in the schools of his native land. When a young man of twenty years he de- termined to seek a home in America, hop- ing to find here better opportunities of se- curing a competence as the reward of hon- est labor. Landing in New York in 1882. he at once sought and soon obtained em- ployment in a grocery store there. He did not wait for a specially brilliant opening. — indeed he could not wait, and his natural in- dustry would not have permitted him to do so, even though his financial circumstances had been such as to make it possible. At that time he showed conspicuously the traits of character that have made his life very successful. He conscientiously and industriously performed all the duties that devolved upon him and his faithful service is indicated by the fact that he remained for three years in his first position. He located in Newark in 1886 and engaged in the re- tail grocery trade at No. 81 Niagara street, where he has since remained, and from the beginning he has met with gratifying suc- cess, securing a profitable and constantly increasing business. Mr. Stahnten was married on the 20th of February, 1887, the lady of his choice being Miss Mary Thiel, of Newark, who was born in Hessen-Darmstadt, Germany, and came to America when a maiden of fourteen summers. Her father was Adam Thiel, who died when she was only four years of age, after which her mother came to the United States (about 1887), and is now living with her daughter in Newark. Mr. and ^Irs. Stahnten became the parents of a daughter and three sons, namely : Annie, Herman, Albert and Arthur, The daughter, who was the eldest of the family, died at the age of three years. The parents are members of the Lutheran church, contribute lilierally to its support and are highly esteemed in church and social circles. Mr. Stahnten is prominent in local politi- cal circles, and in the spring of 1896 was elected a memljer of the board of alder- men of Newark from the twelfth ward. During that year he was a member of the committee on weights and measures and also the market committee. In the present year (1897) he is chairman of the weights and measures committee, and a member of the license conuuittee. He belongs to the Knights of Honor and also to several sing- ing societies, having a great fondness for music. HARRY B. EPSTEIN, M. D., one of the more recent additions to the medical profession of Newark, located here on the 15th of June, 1896. and has an office and residence at No. 301 Bergen street. He was born in Elizabeth. New Jersey, on the 20th of June. 1870, and is a son of Baruch i6 ESSEX COUNTY. and Bertha Epstein, both of whom were na- tives of Germany. They were married in that country and came to the United States in 1868, locating in EHzabeth. where they have since resided. The father is there en- gaged in mercantile pin'suits. Dr. Epstein was reared under the parent- al roof in the city of his nativity and was graduated at the public school. No. i. At the age of fifteen he entered a drug store as an apprentice and in 1890 was graduated in the New York College of Pharmacy, after which he was engaged for one year as a teacher of pharmaceutical chemistry in the New York Preparatory School. On the expiration of that period he began the study of medicine in the University of New York, where he pursued a thorough and comprehensive course and was graduated with the class of 1895. He became a mem- ber of the surgical stafif of the Alexian Hospital at Elizabeth, New Jersey, and at the present time is the visiting physician for that hospital. Coming to Newark, he has since been engaged in general practice here and is meeting with fair success. He is well versed in the science of medicine and has achieved considerable distinction in the prosecution of his chosen profession. His devotion to his duty has also won him the public confidence and his success might well be envied by many an older practitioner. HON. WILLIAM WRIGHT. There is in every person a something that is iusei)arable. — the suggestive power or character; the individuality. — and he knows neither himself nor mankind who believes that he can analyze the deeds and actions of men without taking into account this ever recurring principle. The history of the city of Newark and of the state of New Jersey will ever give cognizance to the sterling character and distinguished public services of the honored subject of this memoir, while he left not less percept- il)ly the impress of his individuality and powers upon the industrial progress of the tnetropolis of the state, recognized as one of the leading manufacturing centers of the Union. William Wright was a native of Rock- land county, New York, where he was born about the year 1790. the son of Dr. Will- iam Wright, a graduate of Yale College, representing old and honored families of the republic. The subject of this review received such educational advantages as were commonly available in this section and period, his inherent force of character and exceptional mental receptiveness being such as to engender a distinct and powerful intellectuality, which dominated his entire life. Early in life he became identified with practical business and eventually became engaged in the saddlery trade in Bridge- port, Connecticut. From that city he re- moved to Newark, New Jersey, about the year 1821, and here for more than a quar- ter of a century he was most actively and successfully engaged in the saddlery and harness business. The firm of which he was originally a member in Newark was founded about the year 1823, conducting operations under the title of Smith & Wright, the membership of the firm some years later comprising Hanford Smith. William \\'nght. Edwin Van Antwerj) and William Faitoute. Their establishment was from the start the leading one in the citv, and their business eventually became the most extensive of any similar enterprise in the L^nion. Their extensive factory, a portion of which is still standing, was lo- ESSEX COUNTY. 17 cated at the southeast corner of Broad and Fair streets. Through his well directed efforts and marked executive ability in the business world Mr. Wright attained well merited financial success, but his greatest distinc- tion and his peculiar claim to place on the pages of history lie in his service to the state and nation as the incumbent of ex- alted public ofifice. He retired from active business about the year 1854, antecedent to which time he had manifested a lively interest in public atTairs, being so resolute of purpose and so intellectually resourceful that such interest was in natural sequence. He was a live man, a distinct man, if we may be allowed the expression, and the mental horizon and the field for endeavor on the part of such a one are never circum- scribed by narrow limitations. His public spirit and concern as to the progress and prosperity of Newark led to his selection as the Whig candidate for mayor of New- ark in 1841 ; he was elected and was re- tained in this principal municipal office for three terms, — a fact clearly indicative of the popular appreciation of his administra- tive ability. In 1842, while still the in- cumbent as mayor, Mr. Wright was nomi- nated for congress and was successful at the polls, his opponent being the Hon. William B. Kinney, whose distinguished ability and popularity made him a formid- able antagonist. Mr. Wright was elected as his own successor in congress, in 1844, and gained prestige as a safe and conserva- tive legislator, — one in whose keeping the interests of the people at large could be unquestionably entrusted. In 1847 he was a candidate for governor of New Jersey, but was defeated after a spirited contest, his successful opponent lieing the late Hon. ii— 2 Daniel Haines. In his political adherency he was originally an old-line Whig, sup- porting Henry Clay in 1848. but in 1850, showing as ever the courage of his convic- tions, he withdrew from that party and identified himself with the Democracy, whose cause he ever afterward ardently espoused. In 1853 he was the Democratic candidate for United States senator and was elected to this dignified office. At the expiration of his term he was succeeded by a Republican, owing to a political manceu- vering which had thrown the New Jer- sey legislature into the hands of that party; but when, in 1863, the Democrats again gained the ascendency. Senator Wright was again promptly returned to his posi- tion in the upper house of the national leg- islature. He was still in tenure of this office at the time of his death, which took place on the ist of November, 1866, at the age of seventy-six years. The reputation which he left as a precious heritage to his state was not that of superficial brilliancy as a speaker, but that of an inflexible integ- rity, a broad mental grasp and a pragmatic ability which made him at once a prudent counselor and one whose every thought and act was regulated by the deepest sense of conscientious obligation. His person- ality was one which gained to him not only esteem and confidence, but also the lasting friendship of those with whom he came in contact. While firm in his convictions he was ever tolerant and charitable; his was a noble character and his a life that counted for good in all the relations in which he was placed. In his religious views Mr. Wright was an earnest and devoted churchman of the Protestant Episcopal church, and he was one of the most influ- ential and honored communicants of the i8 ESSEX COUNTY. House of Prayer, being one of the most liberal contributors to all portions of the parish work as well as that of the church at large. In the interior walls of the House of Prayer, on Broad street, Newark, has been let in a memorial tablet to this hon- ored benefactor, and a most beautiful and consonant phrase of the inscription thereon is thiSj that "charity was the rule of his life." EDWARD HENRY WRIGHT. As the progress or prosperity of a nation is the result of the aggregate endeavor of its individual citizens, so the history of a nation is the record of the composite achievements of its people. Biography thus becomes the very foundation upon which must rest all general history of man- kind. The importance of making perma- nent record of the life of men who are worthy of such distinction can not be over- estimated. The subject of this review stands forward as one of New Jersey's honored and representative citizens, — one who has rendered distinguished service on the field of battle, who has proved a worthy incumbent of ofifices of high public trust and responsibility, and who has attained that success in temporal affairs which is the reward for .earnest and well directed efifort and which has in every case an important bearing u])on the stable prosperity of any community. Colonel Edward H. Wright is a native son of the city of Newark, New Jersey, the date of his birth having been April 5. 1824. His parents were Hon. William Wright and Minerva (Peet) Wright, the father hav- ing been a man of distinguished abilities and having served with signal honor as a member of the United States senate. Col- onel Wright received his preliminary edu- cational discipline at St. Paul's School, College Point, Long Island, and after due preparation entered the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, where he graduated as a member of the class of 1844. He eventually received from his alma mater the degree of Master of Arts. After the completion of his collegiate course he be- gan the work of preparing himself for the legal profession, his preliminary studies in this specific line having been prosecuted un- der the preceptorship of Alexander Hamil- ton, of New York, and Archer Gififord, of Newark. He finally matriculated in the Harvard Law School, from which he was duly admitted to the bar of his native state. Colonel Wright passed the greater portion of the years 1848 and 1849 in foreign travel, and shortly after his return to the Linited States, in May, 1850, he received from President Taylor, the appointment as secretary of the United States legation at St. Petersburg, Russia, whither he forth- with proceeded, retaining this honorable diplomatic preferment for a period of nearly four years. When the integrity of the nation was menaced by armed rebellion. Colonel Wright, with the patriotic ardor of a true son of the republic, promptly volunteered his services, and in May, 1861, was ap- pointed major of the Sixth Cavalry, United States Army, and aide-de-camp on the staff of Lieutenant-General Winfield Scott, in which connection he held the rank of colonel. L'pon the retirement of General Scott, Colonel Wright was appointed aide- de-camp on the staff of Major-General George B. McClellan. with the rank of col- onel, and in this command did active and I Ca a!^^i^v^. ylC ESSEX COUNTY. 19 valiant service in the Peninsula and Mary- land campaigns. He was recommended for two brevets for gallant and meritorious service and manifested at all times the true soldierly qualities. The Colonel is a mem- ber of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and is past commander of Max L. Ward Post, No. 88, Grand Army of the Republic. He is president of the board of managers of the New Jersey Home for Disabled Soldiers, with which noble insti- tution he has been intimately identified for more than a quarter of a century. Colonel Wright is a director of the Mu- tual Benefit Life Insurance Company, the Fireman's Insurance Company, and was a director of the old Newark Gas Company. His interest in all that touches the progress and prosperity of his native city has been constant and vigorous, and his influence in affairs of public nature has been a potent and efifective one. In his political adher- ency he is stanchly arrayed in the support of the Democratic party, in which he has been a zealous worker. For almost half a century he has been a member of the Union Club, of New York city; is one of the prominent members of the Essex Club, of Newark, of which he served as vice- president for several terms; and is a mem- ber of the board of trustees of the Epis- copal Fund of the Diocese of Newark. In the autumn of the year i860 was sol- emnized the marriage of Colonel Wright to Miss Dorathea Mason, daughter of Hon. Stevens Thomson Mason, the first govern- or of the state of Michigan and the founder of the famous University of Michigan. A man of culture and fine intellectuality, distinguished as a soldier and a citizen, broad and charitable in his judgments, true to all that is best in the various rela- tions of life, courteous at all times and to all people, Colonel Wright is distinctly a representative citizen of New Jersey. JOHN LUTHER DURYEE, M. D., a leading member of the medical profession, belongs to one of the distinguished families of this part of the country, its members hav- ing attained to eminent position in those walks of life which call forth the strongest mentality, the best business ability and the most brilliant intellectual achievements. In his own professional career he has fully sus- tained the high reputation which the family bears and has gained a foremost place in the ranks of the medical fraternity. Born in the fourth ward in Newark, on the 20th of July. 1843, he is a son of Peter Sharpe Duryee, who was born in New York city in 1807. The grandfather, George Duryee, who successfully practiced law in New York for a number of years, was born in Newtown, Long Island, where his Huguenot ancestors had located on coming to America. Peter Sharpe Duryee was for many years the leading spirit in the well known firm of Rankin & Duryee, hat manufacturers. At an early age he was apprenticed to learn the trade of hat-mak- ing with William Rankin, whose partner he afterward became. Mr. Rankin was a native of Charleston, South Carolina, whence with his parents he removed to Nova Scotia and afterward to Troy, New York. His next place of residence was Elizabeth, New Jersey, where he married the daughter of John Ogden, one of the early settlers of Elizabeth. There he es- tablished his hat manufactory, which he sub- sequently removed to Newark. He was joined by his son-in-law, Peter S. Duryee, and the firm gained a leading place in their 20 ESSEX COUNTY. line of trade. Theirs was one of the few extensive manufacturing establishments in Newark which did not shut down during the financial panic of 1837, business being carried on profitably and continuously until the civil war, when it was closed out. Pre- vious to this Mr. Rankin had retired and erected a large number of houses in New- ark, deriving a good income from his prop- erty investments. Following the closing out of the hat busi- ness Peter Duryee became connected with a number of important business enterprises of Newark, which not only advanced his individual prosperity, but also promoted the general welfare of the city. He was president of the Newark & New York Turnpike Company, was a director in the National State Bank and was one of the founders of and most liberal donors toward the building of the North Reformed church, of Newark. He contributed freely of his means to many enterprises calculated to benefit the community and aided largely in the promotion of moral, educational and social as well as business interests. His death occurred in September, 1877. His wife was Susan, the third daughter of Will- iam Rankin, and a lady of superior educa- tion and many attainments. She possessed a broad charity and sympathy that were manifest in many acts of benevolence and kindness, quietly and thoughtfully per- formed. Her death occurred in November, 1886. Nine children survived the parents. William Rankin Duryee, the eldest, died in January, 1897, in New Brunswick. New Jersey, where he served as professor of ethics in Rutgers College. For thirty years he was pastor of the Lafayette Re- formed church, at Jersey City, and was a man whose influence was most beneficent and widely felt. He was a graduate of Rutgers College of the class of 1856, and read law in the office of Frederick T. Fre- linghuysen. He was afterward graduated at the Theological Seminary of New Bruns- wick and then entered the Union Army as chaplain of the First Kentucky Regiment, serving under General Grant in the south- west. Ill health forced him to resign after a few months and he returned home. When he had sufficiently recovered he accepted the pastorate of the Lafayette Reformed church in Jersey City and served in that place until his death. He was a well known writer and published a book of poems. A poem entitled The Kingdom of Home, wliicli he wrote as a contestant for a prize offered by a leading periodical, was widely published throughout the country. He was a prominent member of the college fra- ternity, Zeta Psi, and wrote one of their most popular and widely known songs. Rev. Dr. Duryee married Charlotte Nut- man, a member of a well known family of Newark, who died leaving one son and three daughters. His second wife was a daughter of Dr. Theodore Richard Varick, a noted surgeon of Jersey City. His daugh- ters, Annie and ]\Iary Duryee, are living in Newark, unmarried. Dr. John L. Duryee has won distinction in the medical profession. Reared under the parental roof, he was provided with ex- cellent educational advantages as a prepara- tion for life's duties. On the completion of a thorough course in Rutgers College, he was graduated in that institution with the class of 1864 and then matriculated in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York city, where lie was graduated in 1868. For a short period following his graduation he practiced his profession in ESSEX COUNTY. 21 Champlain, New York, where he was also interested in the manufacture of paper. From 1870 until 1875 he remained in the Empire state and then returned to New- ark, where he has since remained, having a very pleasant and commodious home at No. 436 High street. He is a member of the Essex County Medical Society and enjoys a large patronage. On the 27th of June, 1872, the Doctor was united in marriage to Miss Amy Johnson Hall, a daughter of Andrew Austin Hall, deceased, who for many years was an extensive importer of cloths in New York city. By this union have been born three children : Peter Sharpe, who was born in Champlain, Clin- ton county. New York, April 10. 1873, and who died at the aee of one year; John Law- rence, who was born in Champlain, Novem- ber 19, 1874, was for eight years a student in the Newark Academy, graduating with the second honors of his class, after which he entered Rutgers College, in 1892, and was graduated in 1896 with the third hon- ors in a class of sixty : he is now in the gen- eral trafific ofifice of the Delaware, Lacka- wanna & Western Railroad in New York city; and Bertha Hall, who was born in Newark, was educated in what is now called the Norwood School, Newark, New Jersey. The family is one of prominence in the city, holding an enviable position in social circles and enjoying the hospitality of the best homes in Newark. Charlotte Duryee, the next member of the family of Peter S. Duryee, is the wife of the Rev. John Frederick Butterworth, who at the time of their marriage was the rector of Calvary church, at Summit, Union county, New Jersey, and is now rector of Grace Protestant Episcopal church, in San- dusky, Ohio. George Sharpe Duryee, who died in Oc- tober, 1896, was graduated in Rutgers Col- lege in 1872, was admitted to the bar of Es- sex county in 1878 and was elected to the state legislature for two terms, 1878 and 1879. being the Democratic candidate for speaker of the house during his second term. In 1881 he was appointed by Gov- ernor Ludlow to the position of clerk in chancery, an office he held for five years. He was elected a member of the board of aldermen of Newark from the fourth ward and during his membership in that body was chairman of the finance committee. He was appointed, by President Cleveland, United States district attorney for three years; was appointed state conmiissioner of insurance and banking of New Jersey by Governor Abbett, and reappointed by Gov- ernor \\'erts. In July, 1896, he journeyed to Carlsbad, Germanv. in the hope of bene- fiting his failing health. In the following October he made the return trip, but died within forty-eight hours after leaving the ship at New York. In 1878 he married Vir- ginia Beasley, a daughter of Rev. Dr. Fred- erick Beasley, of Torresdale, near Philadel- phia, and a niece of Chief Justice Beasley. One year after their marriage Mrs. Duryee died very suddenly, leaving an infant daughter who survived only a few months. Mr. Duryee was also a director in the New- ark State Bank. Joseph Rankin Duryee was educated in Lawrenceville Academy, near Princeton, New Jersey, and was graduated at Rutgers College with the class of 1874, following which he was engaged in teaching in the Lawrenceville Academy for three years. He then entered the Theological Seminary in New Brunswick. New Jersey, where he was graduated in 1877 and then became pastor 22 ESSEX COVlSlTY. of Grace Reformed church at the corner of Seventh avenue and Fifty-fourth street, New York city. He married Margaret E. Sloan, daughter of President Sloan of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Rail- road, of New York city. Edward Henry Duryee pursued a course of study in Lawrenceville Academy and was graduated in Rutgers College in 1876. He then took up the study of law, was gradu- ated in the Columbia Law School in 1880, and is now practicing in Newark, New Jer- sey, and is treasurer of the Free Library board. Amy Duryee is unmarried. George V. W. Duryee, who is numbered among the graduates of Rutgers College of 1889, entered the banking house of Brown Brothers, of New York, on the completion of his collegiate course, and subsequently was connected with the banking firm of Mabon & Kingsley, Wall street. New York. He married a daughter of Dr. Ed. D. G. Smith, of Newark, and is now living re- tired at Saranac Lake. New York. EDWARD B. CRANE, whose well spent life justly entitles him to the rest from active business cares which he is now enjoying, is a representative of one of the old families of New Jersey. He was born in Cranetown, Essex county, on the 9th of September, 1833, and is the eldest son of Matthias Crane, whose birth oc- curred on the old homestead on what is now Glenridge avenue, in May, 1802. The grandfather, Israel Crane, was born in Cranetown, in Bloomfiekl township, and died in March, 1858, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. The Crane family origin- ated in England, and in 1637 the first American ancestors of the name crossed the Atlantic, emigrating from London to the New World. The duties and pleasures of farm life early became familiar to Edward B. Crane, who was reared in the usual manner of farm lads of that period. He began his education in a subscription school and later attended a boarding school. Subsequent- ly he was a student in the Bloomfield Acad- emy and in the Warren Holt school on top of the mountain, and spent a short time also in a private school of Orange, taught by Albert Pierson, a noted teacher of his day, who was a brother of Dr. William Pierson and a son of Dr. Isaac Pierson. On put- ting aside his text-books to enter upon the practical duties of business life, Mr. Crane secured a clerkship in the store of his uncle, James Crane, of Bloomfield, with whom he remained for three years, but the confinement told upon his health and he returned to the farm. Soon afterward he began contracting and building and erected many of the dwellings in Montclair and vicinity, continuing that business with ex- cellent success until 1872. In that year he was employed by the Essex county public road board as superintendent of the public roads, and acceptably filled that office until 1888, when he resigned that position and retired to private life, burdened by no busi- ness cares save the superintendence of his property interests. As his financial re- sources had increased through all the years of his active career, he had made judicious investments in real estate, and is now the owner of considerable improved and unim- proved realty in Montclair, the income from which enables him to live retired. On the 1 6th of June, 1858. Mr. Crane was united in marriage to Miss Ellen Bald- win, a daughter of Samuel S. and Anna ^ ESSEX COUNTY. 23 Baldwin, of Bloomfield, in which place Mrs. Crane was born and reared. By her mar- riage she became the mother of four chil- dren : Frank W., a civil engineer in Mont- clair; Samuel B., manager for Wiss Bros, in New York city; Nellie, wife of O. Soper, a successful and prominent physician and surgeon of Upper Montclair; and Edna G., at home. In his political views Mr. Crane was a Whig until the organization of the Repub- lican party, when he joined its ranks and has since been one of its stalwart advocates, although public ofifice has had no attraction for him. His well spent life commends him to the confidence and regard of all and his friends in the localitv are many. JOSEPH S. AYERS, M. D. Prominent in the medical profession of Newark, New Jersey, is found the gentle- man whose history we are pleased at this point to present to the readers of this work. Dr. Joseph S. Ayers was bom at Fort Rockaway, Long Island, November 10, i860, and is descended from one of the old- est families in this country, — the lineage can be traced back to the days of William the Conqueror. The first 0/ the Ayers family to come to America was John Ayers, who crossed the Atlantic as earlv as 1636 and settled in Massachusetts. The Doctor's great-grandfather was Ellis Ayers, a Revo- lutionary soldier, who served with Wash- ington at Monmouth and Princeton. Oba- diah Ayers was the first representative of this family to take up his abode in New Jer- sey, he having come hither from Newbury- port, Massachusetts, about the year 1670. He was the son of John Ayers. The grand- father of Dr. Ayers was Samuel; the father. Ezra. Ezra Ayers was born in Union coun- ty. New Jersey, where he remained until 1865, when he located in Newark and en- gaged in the grocery business. He is still carrying on this business. The Doctor's mother was before her marriage Miss Mary Ann Jones. She was born in Somerset- shire, England, and in 1830 accompanied her parents to America, their location be- ing in New York, where her father was en- gaged in business for some time. Later they removed to Westfield, New Jersey. Dr. Joseph S. Ayers, the immediate sub- ject of this review, received his early educa- tion in the common schools and the New- ark Academy, and when sixteen years of age commenced the study of medicine under the instructions of Dr. Andrews, of Newark. In 1883 he graduated at the New York Homoeopathic Medical College. As the result of a competitive examination, held in the spring of that same year, he re- ceived an appointment on the medical stafif of the Homoeopathic Hospital at Ward's Island, where he spent one year, when he resigned to take the position of ambulance surgeon at the Cumberland Street Hospi- tal, Brooklyn. This latter position he re- signed in 1885 in order to enter upon a pri- vate practice at Madison, New Jersey. In 1887 he located in Newark, where he prac- ticed for three years, after that going west and locating in the state of Washington, where he practiced the next three years. Returning east, he again settled in Newark and here he has since conducted a success- ful practice, his office and residence being located at No. 21 Avon avenue. Dr. Ayers was married in 1885 to Miss Mary Corcoran, of New York city, whose untimely death occurred in 1891. To them was given one child, Florence. 24 ESSEX COUNTY. The Doctor is a public-spirited man, in- terested in the welfare of his city, and has been lionored with official position of local importance. In 1S94 he was elected a member of the board of aldermen, to repre- sent the ninth ward, and served two years, the first year being a member of the poor and alms and the health committees; the second year serving on the public build- ings and election committees. Socially, he is identified with a number of organizations. Besides belonging to the State Medical Society, he is a Master Mason and an Odd Fellow, and has a mem- bership in a popular bicycle club. GEORGE H. BROWN, who is now living a retired life in South Orange, is a native of New York city. His father, David Brown, was a native of Essex county and belonged to one of the prom- inent families of Newark. His brother, Obediah Bruen Brown, was a prominent and wealth}^ citizen of Washington, D. C., and is said to have entertained all the presi- dents of his time in his own home. He was chief of the po.stoffice department, held other government offices and was a recog- nized leader in affairs of state. The pater- nal grandfather of our subject, Eleazer Brown, was a man of more than ordinary ability, and the records show that he was the owner of property at the corner of Kin- ney and Broad streets, Newark. His wife bore the maiden name of Mary Bruen. and by their marriage were born the following named: Hannah, who married Israel Ball; Experience, wife of William Tillou; Alary B., wife of John Gardner; Phoebe B., wife of Nehemiah Ward; David B. and Daniel. The Brown family has furnished many dis- tinguished representatives to the profes- sions especially to the law and to the min- istry. David Brown, father of our sul)ject, mar- ried Rachel Mandeville, daughter of Gillis Mandeville. The family is of French origin, but from their native land emigrated to Holland and thence to America. The founder of the family in America was one Gillis Mandeville. who located in New York city and married Elsie Hendricks. The voyage across the Atlantic was made in the ship Governor Stuyvesant. in 1647. Their son Hendricks, born in that year, was married July 18, 1680, to a daughter of A. P. School, and their son Da\'id, born in 1 68 1, was married July 19, 1700, to Maria V^an Hoeson, by whom he had a son, Gillis Mandeville, who was born in 1702 and married Rachel Hopper in 1721. Their son Gillis married Tonaka W'aldron, a great-granddaughter of Resolve Wal- dron, baron, who came from Holland to this country in 16 — , being a member of the staff of Governor Petrus Stuyvesant. The next in the line of direct descent was also named Gillis, and on the loth of Sep- tember, 1750, he married Elizabeth Hut- ton. It was their daughter, Rachel Mande- \'ille, who, in 1806, became the wife of David Brown. The father of our subject was for many years engaged in the merchant-tailoring business in Greenwich street. New York, and had a fair trade, which yielded to him a good income. He died in 1850, and his wife, surviving him a number of years, passed away in 1862. Their children were William Mandeville; Eleazer Bruen, who is married and has two living children, Frank B. and Ella B.; Mary Elizabeth, who is liv- ing in Harlem, New York; and George Hutton. ffubshnan Pf!pfaSrs\ -Cc-Tc. o PQ o M O o a o o I — I w ESSEX COUNTY. In the city of his birth Mr. Brown, of this review, was reared and educated, and turning his attention to bookkeeping, be- came an expert in that Hue. For several years he was thus engaged and then in a similar way in Newark. In 1859 he took up his residence in South Orange, and in 1862 located in his present home, where he has resided continuousl}' since. With the rapid growth of the city of New York he sold his property to good advantage and thereby acquired a handsome capital, which now enables him to lay aside all tlie cares of business life. In 1849 ^^i"- Brown was united in mar- riage to Amanda Tillou. a nati\e of Con- necticut and a daughter of John Tillou, who was born in New York city. Her father was an expert machinist and was engaged in the manufacture of carding machines, which Inisiness he continued uinil the latter part of liis life, when he sold out and lived retired. His wife was Minerva ]Mor- gan. a native of Connecticut and a daugh- ter of a well-to-do farmer. He served in the war of 18 12 and was given a bounty of one hundred and sixty acres of land in the west. His father, Peter Tillou, was one of the heroes of the Revolution, and his fa- ther, who also bore the Christian name of Peter, was a son of the Peter Tillou who founded the family in America, fleeing from his native France during one of the revo- lutions in that country and taking up his residence in New York city. General Alexander Macomb, the maternal uncle of John Tillou, rendered distinguished service in the war of 18 12. and in May. 1828. he succeeded General Brown as major-general in command of the army. He was the author of a treatise on martial law and was a man of eminence and marked alMlitv. He died in Washington. D. C. June 25. 1841. INIr. and Mrs. Brown have one of the pleasant homes of South Orange, in which are several pieces of furniture that have been handed down from generation to gen- eration, including a table which was made in her great-grandfather's cabinet shop in Broad street. New York. Their home is the abode of hosi)itality and its doors are e\'er open for the reception of their many friends. FREDERICK CARLE, a farmer and stock-raiser of Livingston township, is a native of Wurtemberg, Ger- many, born March 4. 183 1. His parents, Frederick C. and Catherine C. (De Ruppee) Carle, were also natives of the same place. The grandfather was Conrad Christopher Carle, a son of Constantine De Carlee. a na- tive of France. The grandfather dropped the prefix to the name and since then it has been written in the more English form. He was a soldier for nine years vmder Bona- parte and lived to an advanced age. The father. Frederick C. Carle, died in the prime of life, in Germany, after w hich the mother came to America and married D. Pouzert. In the land of his birth the subject of this review spent the days of his boyhood and youth and about the time he attained his majority sailed for the New World, tak- ing passage on a vessel wdiich .sailed from the coast of France. They had been out only a short time when a severe storm arose, the masts were swept away and the vessel drifted into the English channel. At length they made an English port and re- paired the vessel, afterward resuming the voyage. One hundred and five days after the embarkation the vessel dropped anchor 26 ESSEX COUNTY. in the liarbor of New York, April 7, 1852. Mr. Carle first located in the eastern me- tropolis, but soon afterward removed to Newark, where he was engaged in garden- ing for some time. Later he resided in Morris county for about three years, and in 1862 settled upon his present farm in Liv- ingston township, now comprising about forty-five acres. At that time it was cov- ered with timber and stones, but by inde- fatigable labor he has brought it under a high state of cultivation, has erected there- on substantial buildings and has planted a good orchard and set out much small fruit. The place is neat and thriftv in appearance, its carefully improved condition makes it verv productive, and in this section of the county it is regarded as one c^f the best improved farms. On the 6th of April, i860, Mr. Carle was united in marriage to Miss Hannah Lott, a native of Liverpool, England, born April 1, 1841, a daughterof William andCatherine (Jenkins) Lott. Her father died in Eng- land, after which her mother came to Amer- ica and spent her last days in New Orleans, where her death occurred from yellow fever. To Mr. and Mrs. Carle have been born the following children: Lizzie, wife of August Schluter, of New York ; Phoebe, who died at the age of five years; Charles, who died at the age of three years; Eddie T. ; William; Frances, who is living in Montclair; Lottie C, wife of Daniel Daly, of Caldwell, New Jersey; Ida, deceased; and .\melia, at home. Mr. Carle is a public-spirited man. whose interest in the welfare of the community is indicated Ijv the support and advocacy of all measures for the general good. He votes with the Republican i)arty, and in 1879 was elected to fill the office of assessor. He has also served as township committeeman and commissioner of appeals, and in every po- sition to which he is called discharges his duty with marked promptness and ability. He and his wife are devoted members of the Presbyterian church of Caldwell. JOSEPH EVANS, justice of the peace, West Orange, New Jersey, is of Scottish birth and descent and counts among his ancestors men who oc- cupied many places of prominence and trust in the old country. He was born in 1831, son of Robert and Helen (Lady Anderson) Evans. Robert Ev- ans, son of Sir Hugh Evans, was born and reared in Edinburg, and in his native city learned the business of civil engineering. Years ago he came to America and spent much time in California. While in the far west he made the first map of Washoe ter- ritory. He frecjuently visited London, Eng- land, during his stay in America, and is now located in that city. His wife died on Staten Island, New York, in 1889. Of her family, who were prominent people in Eng- land, we record that her brother, Charles Anderson, was made K. C. B. of England, and a relative, Joseph J. Anderson, was a colonel in the British army, having received his commission from King George. The children of Robert and Helen Evans are as follows: John; Robert; Charles, of New York city: Helen, of Brooklyn; Frances, of Staten Island; and Joseph. Joseph Evans was reared to manhood in New York city and completed his educa- tion with a course at Columbia College. On reaching his majority he engaged in the real-estate business, which he conducted for some time in New York city. In 1879 ESSEX COUNTY. 27 he came to West Orange township, Essex county, New Jersey, and at St. Cloud estab- lished himself in the hotel business. For ten years he conducted a hotel at that place. In 1890 he was made a justice of the peace, which office he holds at the present time, and for two years from 1896 he was also a police justice. In addition to filling the olifice of justice of the peace, he conducts a restaurant and confectionery store and does a prosperous business. Politically, Mr. Evans is a Democrat, ac- tive and influential in local affairs. A man of wide information, broad and liberal views, genial and generous nature, he is as popular as he is well known. Mrs. Evans was formerly Miss Elizabeth Price. She is a daughter of Matthew and Nancy (Pettegrew) Price, natives of Somer- set county. New Jersey, and representatives of old established families of this state. JOHN S. CARLSON. The brief but all-embracing term, "a self- made man," forms a summary of the career of this gentleman. That term not only in- dicates industrious effort, perseverance and the utilization of opportunities, but also suggests the accomplishment of purpose. These elements are conspicuous in the life of Mr. Carlson, who is a leading representa- tive of the industrial interests of Montclair. He is now extensively engaged in contract- ing and building and in the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds, owning a com- pletely equipped planing mill in that city. Born on a farm in Sweden, in 1859, he spent his bovhood davs in his native coim- try and obtained a good common-scliool education. On leaving school he served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's and builder's trade and mastered the busi- ness in all its departments, becom- ing a proficient workman. In 1878 he came to the United States, landing at New York city, whence he went to the western part of the state of New York, where he worked for one year in the lumber business. From there he removed to Penn- sylvania, where for two years he was em- ployed in railroad construction. In 1881 he came to iMontclair, New Jersey, where, as a carpenter, he went to work for E. F. Dodd, with whom he was thus associated for a ])eriod of four years. In 1885 Mr. Carlson identified himself with the firm of Peterson & Ditting, whereupon the firm title of Carlson, Peterson & Company was adopted. For four years the firm conduct- ed a successful business as contractors and builders, and at the expiration of this time there was a dissolution of the partnership, in 1889, Mr. Carlson buying tlie interests of his two associates and assuming the en- tire control and management of the enter- prise. In May. 1896, he purchased the planing mill of C. W. English and he has since operated tlie same in connection with his other lines of enterprise. He has all the latest and best improved machinery and gives employment to a force of from thirty to forty men, — a fact which to a degree in- dicates the volume of his Inisiness. He has erected more than two hundred buildings in Montclair, including residences, churches, schoolhouses, the Children's Home and the Montclair Military Acad- emy. He is prompt in execution, faithful to the terms of a contract, thoroughly relia- ble in all his dealings and has the unquali- fied confidence of the public. He is a di- rector in the Building & Loan Association of Montclair, and is one of the managers of the Montclair Savings Bank. 28 ESSEX COUNTY. In 1883 Mr. Carlson was united in mar- riage to Miss Mathilda Ericson, who, like himself, was born in Sweden. Their mar- ried life was of short duration, as Mrs. Carl- son died one year after her marriage, leav- ing one child, who still survives. In 1887 Mr. Carlson consummated a second mar- riage, being then united to Miss Annette Benson, a native of Sweden, and they are the parents of two sons and one daughter. Their pleasant and commodious home is lo- cated on FuUerton avenue, one of the finest residence streets in the city. Mr. Carlson has not only been promi- nently connected with the upbuilding of Montclair, hut has also been the architect of his own fortunes, and has builded wisely and well, rearing upon the substantial foun- dation of industry, energy and straightfor- ward dealing the superstructure of success. PAUL KOECK. one of the self-made men of Orange, was born in the town of Zenting, county Grafe- nau, Bavaria, Germany, August 7, 1862, and is the son of Paul and Mary (Lepple) Koeck. The family name was originally spelled Kock. The father of our subject, having fitted himself for life's duties by a practical education obtained in the common schools, learned the trade of brewer, which he followed in the land of his birth until 1887, when he came to America, accom- panied by his wife and two children, Josie and Louie. The vessel in which they sailed dropped anchor in the harbor of New York and they made their way to Orange Valley, where they now reside. Both parents are members of the Catholic church. They have seven children, as follows : George, who married Maggie Kessinger and resides in Saginaw, Michigan; Paul; Mary, wife of Jacob Bortsh, of Roseville; Johanna, wife of Mathias Mensminger, of Orange Valley; Regina, wife of Julius Boss, of Orange Valley; Josie, wife of Augustus Kunz, of Orange; and Louie, who resides at home. Paul Koeck, on arriving at the proper age. entered the public schools of the fath- erland and mastered the common branches of learning. He entered upon his business career as an apprentice at the baker and confectioner's trade, and has since made it his life work. On the 22d of May, 1882, he severed the ties that bound him to his na- tive country and sailed for the New World, arriving in New York on the 9th of June. Taking up his residence in Orange, he fol- lowed the hatter's trade for nearly thirteen years in the employ of Berg Brothers and of Cummings. Matthews Sz Company, and with the capital he had acquired through his industry and careful management he embarked in business on his own account in 1895, purchasing his present property at No. 103 Valley street. Orange, where he opened a bakery and confectionery. From the beginning his patronage has constantly increased and he now has a large trade. He possesses good business ability, persever- ance and sound judgment, and his success is due to the possession and exercise of these qualities. Mr. Koeck was married in Orange, Jan- uary 16, 1885, the lady of his choice being Miss Annie Pappre, a daughter of Carl and Josepha (Conratl) Pappre, born March 21, 1864. Six children honored their union, but Josie died at the age of one year. The surviving children are : George, born May 26, 1886; Emma, born November 6, 1887; Henry, born July 22, 1891; Annie, born ESSEX COUNTY. 29 November 2, 1893; and Elsie, born Oc- tober 28, 1895. Mr. and Mrs. Koeck are communicants of St. Tinantius church, Catholic, of Orange, and the former be- longs to the Independent Germania Schiit- zen Verein, of New Jersey. His hope of finding a pleasant home and securing a good living in America has been realized, and he is now in the possession of a com- petence which is the reward of his own labor. MAHLON S. DRAKE, a prominent wholesale and retail ice dealer of Newark and a representative citizen of his home town, where he has been engaged in his present occupation since 1873, was born on the family homestead in Irving- ton, New Jersey, on the 2d of July, 1855. His preliminary education was obtained in the public schools of that place, and was supplemented by a course of study in the Newark Academy, which he attended until arriving at the age of seventeen years, when he engaged in the feed business at Irving- ton, continuing in the same for the ensuing five years. His next venture was in the wholesale dealing in ice, his store houses being located at Irvington, and for the si.x years following he carried on a large busi- ness in that line of endeavor, gradually en- larging the same, until he saw an opportun- ity of adding to it the retail feature by mov- ing into the city of Newark and establish- ing a storehouse nearer to the marts of trade, which he eventually did, locating in Hayes street in 1884. He also has large storage houses at Goldsboro. Pennsylvania, with a capacity of seventy-five thousand one hundred tons. Such has been his native energy and applied industry that success has crowned his efforts, and to-day he stands as one of the prosperous and pro- gressive citizens of Irvington. Mr. Drake was reared in the faith of the Democratic party, but corruption in the management of affairs in his borough was instrumental in causing him to seek other political affiliations and to render all as- sistance in his power in extermhiating the corruptionists, as he is one of the extensive tax-payers and consequently feels some concern when extravagances and even peculation in the management of the public funds are being engaged in. He has served as clerk of Irvington, and is the present incumbent of the office of village trustee, this being the third time he has acted in that capacity. As a public official Mr. Drake is conscientious in the discharge of his duties, and his strict integrity of char- acter and high standard of principles have ever gained for him the entire confidence of his fellow citizens. The marriage of Air. Drake was solem- nized on the 24th of July, 1878, when he was united to Miss Jannett M. Wade, daughter of Isaac O. Wade, and Margaret P. (Craw- ford) Wade, the former of whom died in Irvington in 1896. Mr. and Mrs. Drake are the parents of four children, namely: Mahlon S., Jr., Raymond W., Margaret P., and Helen. Our subject and his family have a large circle of friends who hold them in the hio:hest esteem. BRADFORD W. GIVEANS, M. D., one of the rising and progressive represent- atives of the medical profession in East Orange, is a western man by birth, the place of his nativity being Allen's Grove, Wisconsin, his natal day, November 14, 30 ESSEX COUNTY. 1868. His grandfather, William Giveans, was of Irish ancestry, and married Jane Ryerson. He' made his home in Vernon, New Jersey, where he engaged in agricul- tural pursuits. His family numbered seven children, as follows : Sylvester, who wedded Mary Hunt; Samuel R. ; Elizabeth, wife of James Drew, of New York city ; Jaiie, wife of Job Woodruff, of New York; Abbie, wife of Charles Lane, of Morristown, New Jersey; Nicholas, who is married and re- sides in the Empire state; and John, who is married and resides in Aliddletown, New York. Samuel R. Giveans, the Doctor's father, was born October 5, 1838, and spent the greater part of his youth in \'ernon. New Jersey, where he attended the district schools, and also pursued his studies under the direction of Judge John G. Truesdell, of Newark. He was married at the age of twenty-nine, in Februar}-, 1868, to Har- riet W'ilkins, who was born December 22, 1842, in Darien, Wisconsin, and was of Eng- lish and French ancestry. They continued their residence in Wisconsin for about two years, and then removed to Waterloo, Indi- ana, where he resided twelve years, after which he removed to Newburg, New York, where Mr. Giveans made his home until 1895, at which time he came to East Or- ange. He lost his wife the previous year, her death occurring December 15, 1894. They had four children : Bradford William, Ada May, Walter William and Hettie Belle. Dr. Giveans spent his early childhood days in Indiana, and with his parents re- moved to Newburg, New York, where he attended the Newburg Academy, being partially dependent upon his own efforts to meet the expenses of the academical course. FuUv realizing the need of an ed- ucation in the practical affairs of life, he dil- igently applied himself to his studies, and on attaining his majority entered the New York Homeopathic Medical College, in New York city, where he pursued his studies with zeal and energy for three years, and was then graduated among the five highest in the class. The Doctor then, in the autumn of 1893, established an office and began practice in East Orange, where he has built up a good business. He is a member of the New Jer- sey Homeopathic Medical Society, and is visiting surgeon of the Homeopathic Dis- pensary at Orange. His deep interest in his chosen calling prompts him to keep abreast with all the theories and improve- ments in connection with the profession, and from the faithful performance of each day's duty he receives strength and inspira- tion for the duty of the next. Dr. Giveans takes an active interest in various fraternal organizations and is a member in good standing of the Junior Or- der of American Mechanics, the Patriotic Order Sons of America, Daughters of Lib- erty, Knights of the Red Cross and the Le- gion of Honor. Politically, he affiliates with the Republican party. He has al- ready won distinction in his profession, and in social circles holds an enviable position amono" his nianv friends. FREDERICK VALENTINE RULAND. a member of the Newark board of aldermen from the Fourteenth ward, was born in the old Thirteenth ward of the city, Decem- ber 5, 1859, a son of Peter and Mary (Schlighter) Ruland. Both were natives of the fatherland and came to the United States during the early '40s. Their mar- ESSEX COUNTY. 31 riage was celebrated in Rondout, New York, soon after their arrival. Mr. Rnland engaged in the pork-packing business in New York city for a year or two, and then removed to Newark, where he and his wife continued to spend their remaining days. For thirty-five years the father was engaged in the provision business with Charles Joy and his son and successor, Edmund L. Joy, and was an industrious, enterprising man, widely and favorably known in this lo- cality. His death occurred in 1880. He was a member of St. Peter's Catholic church, and was an active member of the Democracy, but never an aspirant for office. He was frequently solicited to become a caiulidate for the position of alderman, but invariably declined all political honors. His widow is still living. Frederick V. Ruland was reared in New- ark and educated in St. Peter's parochial school. At the age of thirteen he began learning the trade of cigar-making, and has since followed that pursuit, ha\ing mastered every detail of the business. Steadily he has worked his way upward, and for the past eight years has been in the employ of Harry Stone, a manufacturer of cigars at No. 18 Boudinot street. Newark, in whose estab- lishment he holds the important position of foreman. His thorough understanding of the business and his ability to control men make him especially capabje in this posi- tion, wherein he merits the confidence of the company and the respect of all with whom he is associated. For fifteen years Mr. Ruland has been a member of Union No. 138, ami for six consecutive terms has served as president of that organization. Since attaining his ma- jority he has been a stalwart advocate of the Democracy, active in the work of the party through all the campaigns. In the spring of 1897 he was elected to represent the fourteenth ward in the city council; the contest was \ery close, for the parties are very evenly di\'ided in this ward, but Mr. Ruland won by a majority of twelve. A recount was then demanded, and the re- sult of a majorit}- of thirteen votes was an- nounced. He is a member of the commit- tees on public buildings, poor and alms, and market, and is progressive and energetic in support of all measures which he believes calculated for the public good. Mr. Ruland is a valued member of the Gottfried Krueger Association, of the Young German-American Benevolent As- sociation and of the Newark Young Maen- ner Benevolent \'erein. He was married in iSer his warm praise of the book, written while "his sides were sore with laughing!" In the United States it was universally read. It is to the Amer- ican people as real in its way as Pilgrim's Progress. All the writings of Irving have a certain charm, if for nothing more, for their felicit- ous touch and purity of style. The chief interest, however, centers in Rip Van Win- kle, the Legends of Sleepy Hollow and Westminster Abbey. The last is one of the most finished and descriptive essays of our century, though perhaps a little lacking in sympathy. After a few years passed on the continent, he published "Tales of a Traveller." a work which he thought his best in regard to style, but which some con- sider to be over-refined. Irving was never married. In his youth he was betrothed to Miss Hofifman, a lovely young lady of eighteen, daughter of a lawyer with whom he pursued his studies. Separated from her by her un- timely death, he remained all his life faithful ESSEX COUXTY. 39 to her memory. He was fond of children, and always beloved by them. His was a fortunate and honorable life. On the whole, though inferior to one or two noted writers, he must be pronounced thus far the most successful of the writers in the New World. MOSES STRAUS. In a city like Newark, lying so near the chief port of the nation, the emigrants from the old world find refuge, and the majority of the inhabitants are therefore of foreign birth. Those who. attracted by finer insti- tutions, lareer educational facilities and the superior advantages of making a living, have come here to find a new home in a new country — these valuable additions to the native population have, by their indus- trv, economy and honest methods, become essential factors in the growth of the coun- try. They furnish not only needed work- men, skilled and unskilled, but enterpris- ing merchants, manufacturers and apt deal- ers in our marts of trade. Prominent among those who have come from the fath- erland to identify their interests with those of the American republic, and in the adapta- tion of their lives to the new conditions of life and trade have won success, is Mr. Straus of this review. Born in Baden, Germany, November i, 1831, he remained in his native land until 1849, when with a brother and sister he sailed for New York. It was in July that he took his farewell of his native land, pre- paratorv to making his home in a coun- try whose people, customs and manners were unfamiliar to him. On arriving at New York he at once proceeded on his way to Keokuk. Iowa, to join a brother. and in that city he attended an English school for some time. In a few months the brother determined to remove to Florida, and our subject formed one of the little overland party, which spent forty days in making the trip. They made a location in yuincy, but Moses Straus was not very favorably impressed with the locality and almost immediately started for the north. He went to New York and thence to New- ark, when he entered upon an apprentice- ship to "Deacon" Daugherty, a well known tanner of that day. He served his full term of three years and was afterward employed by the firm of Trier & Newman and by Crocket & Company, two other leading leather firms. He continued his labors along that line until 1855, when, attracted by the discovery of gold in California, he made his way to the Pacific slope in the hope of more rapidlv acquiring wealth than through the channels of trade, but he was not ver}' successful in his mining venture, and after a year's absence returned to New- ark. In 1856 he embarked in business for himself in Bristol, Florida, and remained in the south throughout the war, being un- able to return to the north during the fratricidal conflict. Business was at a standstill in that part of the country, and in consequence his financial ventures were a failure. On again coming to Newark, Mr. Straus opened a small tannery on Vesey street, employing only three men in the beginning, but he conducted his business in a conser- vative, systematic, honorable and progres- sive manner that brought to him a steady increase in trade, and from time to time he has been forced to enlarge his facilities to meet the growing business. In 1873 he began the improvement of his plant by the 40 £■>'>•£• 1' COrXTY. erection of new buildings which constitute a part of his now immense facton.'. The construction of these buildings caused Mr. Straus no little uneasiness for th& reason that the sudden business depression of the time cut short collections, lessened greatly his orders for goods and in other ways in- terfered with the smooth and successful op*- eration of his factor}-. But he outrode the stormy sea of financial disturbance and glided out upon the first wave of prosperity into the harbor of calm and settled indus- trial conditions. In 1895 he added the last of the substantial structures comprising his plant, the large four-stor}- building on Johnson street, ^^'ith his force of one hun- dred men his weekly output is one thousand pieces of leather. His constant attention to ever}- detail of his facton,- has placed him in the splendid financial position in which we to-day find him. To conduct a business of this magnitude requires exceptional busi- ness acumen, in order that the credit and the honor of its proprietor be maintained. This result has been attained in the manage- ment of the establishment, and ^Ir. Straus stands to-day as one of the leading repre- sentatives of the industrial interests of New- ark, a man honored no less for his unques- tioned business integrity than for his ster- ling worth in other relations of life. Mr. Straus has not infrequentlv been called upon to lend his advice and counsel in the management of matters affecting the public welfare, and he has responded as freely as his private business interests would permit. He is a member of the board of health, was for eleven years president of the Benevolent Hebrew Orphan Asylum, and has served in the same city for the Jewish Temple. He is a trustee of both of those societies. In New York, on the 5th of July, i860, Mr. Straus was united in marriage to Miss Eliza May, a daughter of Louis May. The children of this marriage are : Carrie, wife of Charles K. Stem, of Philadelphia: Louis, Isaac P. and Burnett W. Straus, who are associated in business with their father ; and Francis. The life of ^It. Straus has been pre-eminently a busy and useful one. de- voted to the accumulation of a fortune by honorable methods, to the betterment of his fellowmen, to the happiness of his fam- ily and to advancement along many lines of progress. He has won and merited the highest esteem of all with whom he has been brought in contact, and his high repu- tation in business and social circles is well deser\-ed. GEORGE H. BURT. a manufacturer of Millburn, is at the head of one of the leading industries in this sec- tion of the county, having built up a busi- ness of extensive proportions that yields a handsome income to the owner and is also of benefit to the communit)' by reason of the employment which it furnishes to a large force of workmen. Keen discrimina- tion, careful oversight, energy- and progres- siveness, — these are his chief characteris- tics, and are the qualities which have brought to him success and insure him a continuance of the prosperity which is now attending his eff^orts. Mr. Burt is a native of Boston, born on the 9th of November, 1864. and is a son of George L. and Mar\- E. Burt, also na- tives of the same city. The father is a woodturner by occupation and is still con- ducting business in his native city. The son was educated in the public schools GEORGE H. BURT ESSEX COUNTY. 41 there, and when twenty-three years of age removed to New York, where he began the manufacture of bilhard and pool balls on Ann street. In 1888 he opened a sim- ilar establishment in Newark, carrying on that enterprise until 1890. when the plant was destroyed by fire. Mr. Burt then leased two acres of ground near ^lillburn and erected thereon the substantial and commodious buildings which now constitute his plant. The scar- city of ivor}- for his manufacturing pur- poses led to the discovery of a composition of celluloid which could be substituted for ivory. It is called the Standard, and is used by Mr. Burt in the manufacture of various articles, including billiard and pool balls, bicycle handles, check rings, etc., and has not an equal on the market for dura- bility, finish and wear. The buildings which constitute the factory, including large store rooms, manufacturing rooms, a boiler room and offices, are fitted up in the most convenient and perfect way for tiie manufacture of everything found in his line, having all modern appliances and ac- cessories. Seventy-five workmen are em- ployed in the factory and a number of ex- perienced traveling salesmen are kept upon the i^oad, and thus the house, through its representatives, is in constant touch with its patrons. A business of about seventy- five thousand dollars annually is transacted and the enterprise therefore yields a good profit to the owner, who is a most pro- gressive, energetic man. He ships goods all over the United States, Canada and even Europe. Although yet a young man he has eighteen years' experience in busi- ness life and is considered authority on all matters pertaining to the business. On the 15th of September, 1888, Mr. Burt was united in marriage to Miss Ella M. Vose, a native of Boston. He afifiliates with the Republican party, but the duties of his business and the pleasures of the home and social circles lea\'e him with no time for political oftice even were he so inclined. ROBERT McDERMOTT, a highly respected antl well known citizen of East Orange. New Jersey, is a native of this state, born in Manalapan township, Monmouth county, November 14, 1841. He is a son of ]\Iiles and Rachael (Coombs) McDermott. the former of Scotch and the latter of New Jersey Dutch descent. Grand- father William McDermott came to Amer- ica previously to the Revolutionary war, was a participant in that war. and at its close settled in Monmouth county. New Jersey, where he spent the rest of his life. He was one of the pioneers in the art of raising and weaving flax in his vicinity, and followed agricultural pursuits for a livelihood. His good wife was before her marriage a ]Miss Yetman and they had thirteen children, all now deceased. Their son Miles, the father of our subject, was born in Monmouth county and passed his entire life there. By occupation he was a carpenter. He and his wife had twehe children, seven of whom died in infancy, those who reached mature years being as follows: William, who mar- ried Lydia Thompson; Mary, wife of J. B. Emmons; Eliza, wife of John G. Breeze; Gilbert C. who married Mary E. Stillwell; and Robert, the subject of this sketch. Robert McDermott was reared to man- hood in his native county, received a fair education in the district schools, and worked on his father's farm in earlv life and 42 ESSEX COUNTY. subsequently turned his attention to work at the carpenter's trade. The latter has been his life occupation. He located in Orange on the 14th of September, 1867, and for the past eighteen years has maintained his home in East Orange, where he has ranked as one of the substantial business men of the town. Mr. McDermott is a man of family. He was married in Monmouth county, New Jersey, October 25, 1865, to Miss Margaret A. Van Cleaff, daughter of John O. and Margaret Van CleafY of that county, and their happy imion has been blessed in the birth of two children, a son and daughter. The son, Lorton C, married Miss Mary Pennington and they have three children, — Robert, Eleanor and Margaret. In his political .views Mr. McDermott ac- cords with the Republican party, and so- cially he is identified with the Chosen Friends. CHARLES T. HORNECKER, one of the most extensive nurservmen and best known landscape gardeners of Essex county. New Jersey, has greenhouses and offices located in Newark, East Orange and Union, where his name is familiar not only to lovers of the beautiful in the floral line but also to business men in general. Mr. Hornecker is a German. His ances- tors as far back as their history can be traced lived and died in Germany. He was born in Hamburg, August 30, 1851. being a son of Henry and Amelia Hornecker, the former of whom died some years ago in Hamburg, the latter still being a resident of her native land and having attained the advanced age of eighty years. In their fam- ily were eight children, of whom two died in infancy and two after reaching adult age. Four are still living, namely : Mary ; Fer- dinand, a retired merchant; Bertha, a resi- dent of Hamburg; and Charles T., whose name appears at the head of this sketch. Charles T. Hornecker was educated in the public and private schools of his na- tive place. At the age of thirteen he began working at the landscape-gardening busi- ness, and has devoted his time and atten- tion to this occupation ever since, with the result that to-day he stands first among the nurserymen and landscape gardeners of Es- sex county. At sixteen, believing that he could better his station in life by emigration to this country, he bade adieu to home and friends and native land and took passage for America, emliarking in a sailing vessel in June, 1867, and, after a voyage that cov- ered ninety-two days, landing in New York city August 30th. He remained in New York city for several years, or until 1870, when he came to Essex county. New Jersey. He worked for wages till 1874, that year he launched out in business for himself, and has from time to time increased his facilities and extended his business until it has reached its present proportions. Mr. Hornecker was married in Newark, New Jersey, July 22, 1823, to Paulina Meckeler, a daughter of Michael and Maria Meckeler, of that place: and to them have been born fourteen children. Two died in infancy; one daughter, Augusta, died at the age of seventeen, and the following named survive : Julia, wife of Charles H. Thorne; Frances, wife of David Solkend; and Henry, Bertha, Bernhard, Edward, Halmouth, Caroline, Minnie, Helen and Charles. \\'hile not active in political matters, Mr. Hornecker takes a commendable interest ESSEX COUNTY. 43 in public affairs, and casts his vote with the Repubhcan party. Fraternallv, he is iden- tified with a number of or_a:anizations. He is a member of Newark Lodge, No. 85, Knights of Honor; Phihp Morse Lodge, L O. O. F., of Orange, and also the en- campment of this order; and Germania Shutzenbery Lewellyn Company, No. 18, of Orange. His family are attendants upon worship at the German Lutheran church. JOHN CORE, one of the substantial citizens of Nutley, was born in Newark, New Jersey, on the 20th of August, 1839, and is a son of Adam and Elizabeth (Smith) Corb. The family name was originally spelled Korb. The father was born in Germany, near the river Rhine, in 1794, and won distinction as a soldier, serving as aide-de-camp on the staff of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was wounded at the memorable battle of Waterloo. His wife also was a native of Germany, and by their marriage they had five children, but the first two, sons, died in infancy, and the third, a daughter, died at the age of eight years. John Corb, of this review, is the next younger. His brother Andrew, who completed the family, was born in Newark in the year 1842, attained his majority and enlisted in the L^nited States Navy. He died at Key West, Florida, about 1869. John Corb is therefore the only survivor of the family. He was educated in the com- mon schools of his native city, and later learned the trade of wheelwright, in i860 and 1 86 1, following that pursuit in Frank- lin township under the direction of Thomas Vreeland. He aftenvard went to Paterson, New Jersey, where he followed the same pursuit until his enlistment in the army. For the past twenty-nine years he has been associated with the Kingsland Paper Com- pany, of Franklin township, and his long service well indicates his absolute fidelity to duty and his perseverance and thorough- ness in his work. No representative of the house enjoys or deserves the confidence of the company in a higher degree. Loyalty is among Mr. Corb's chief char- acteristics, not alone in business but also in every interest with which he becomes connected. During the civil war he gave strong evidence of this element in his nature by responding to his country's call for troops, and joining the boys in blue of Company K, Twenty-fifth New Jersey Vol- unteers, in September, 1862. He enlisted for nine months" service and participated in the battles of Fredericksburg and Suffolk during that time. On the expiration of his term he returned to New Jersey and worked on a farm for a monthor two. In September, 1864, however, he re-enlisted for one year, as a member of Company H, Thirty-ninth Regiment of New Jersey Volunteers, and with that command valiantly defended the Union cause. He participated in the battle of W'eldon Road and at Peterslnirg, and when hostilities had ceased once more re- turned home. Soon after his return from the war ]Mr. Corb was married and for a year was en- gaged in teaming for Mr. Kerstead, after which he entered the employ of the Kings- land ]\Ianufacturing Company. It was on the 4th of July, 186;, that he was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary Kingsland, a daugh- ter of Joseph P. and Catherine (Garra- brant) Kingsland, of Franklin township. Her maternal grandfather, John Garra- brant, was a shoemaker by trade and was born at what was then known as Stone 44 ESSEX COUNTY. House Plains. He married Sarah Brown, whose sisters were Katie. Annie and Jane, while her brothers were John. Abraham and Peter Garrabrant. Joseph P. Kinsrsland. the father of Mrs. Corb. was probably a na- tive of Passaic county. New Jersey, and was of English descent. He had two brothers, Harry and George, and two sisters, Mary and Sarah. He married Catherine Garra- brant, and they had nine children. Sarah. George, Lucinda. Isaac. Mary. John. Jane, Manda and Richard, all of whom were mar- ried with the exception of one who died in early life. Seven children were born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Corb. Allina. who was born July 23, 1867, married E. H. Tyler, of New York city, and has three children. — Charles, John, and Margaret M.; Susan Viola, who was born March 11. iStg. mar- ried Carpenter Carey, who died Aoril 22, 1895; a son born May 23, 1873, ^'i^^ the following day: Lucy Madee, born August 15, 1874, married George Garrabrant, and has two living children. Pearl and Jesse, and one deceased, Elsie: Harry William, born ]\Iarch 8, 1877, is at home: another son died on the day of his birth. June 3. 1880; and George Andrew, born jNIay 13, 1885, is now attending school. Mr. Corb and his family attend the Meth- odist Episcopal church and are people of prominence in the communitv, having many warm friends and occupving a high place in social circles. Our subject is a charter member of the United Order of Friends and is a comrade of Meade Post, No. 7, G. A. R., of Passaic, New Jersey. In early life he was a Democrat, but is now a stanch Republican, and is well informed on the issues of the day. \'ery industrious and energetic, he is a man of unbounded honor in all busmess and social relations, and is highly esteemed in the community in which he has so long made his home. THE COLLAMORE FAMILY. Davis Collamore, the only representative of his family name in the Oranges, was con- temporaneous with Haskell, Marcy, Tomes, and other enterprising men, who cleared the mountain forests of West Orange, mak- ing there a series of refined suburban homes. Belhurst. ]\Ir. Collamore's beauti- ful country seat, with its gracefully sloping lawns, grand old forest trees, and its wealth of flowers and shrubs, will ever be associat- ed with memories of its owner, whose cre- ative genius and love of nature enabled him to emphasize the natural beauties of the lo- cation, so that it yielded the largest meas- ure of pleasure to the many who were per- mitted to enjoy his genial hospitality. I\Ir. Collamore was an exemplification of that rare development of qualities which, through successive generations, had char- acterized the family as one of marked in- fluence in its day. In early colonial records the name is vari- ously spelled — Collymore, Colmore, Colly- mer, Collmer, etc. It is derived from Col- line, a small mound or hill. From the de- scription of the arms, given in Burke's Gen- eral Armory, it would appear that the fam- ily came from France, and the inscription on the shield indicatesthat its members were among the bold crusaders who followed the fortunes of Richard Coeur de Lion, and were knighted for brilliant achieve- ments. The first of the family name men- tioned in the historv of Plymouth colony, is that of Peter Collymore. who secured a grant of land at Scituate, Massachusetts, in ESSEX COUNTY. 45 1639, and whose home, Brook Hall, on the "Third Herring Brook," was on the direct road to Scituate Harbor. He was also an original proprietor at Seconset, now Little Compton. Peter became a freeman in 1643, and having no children he sent to Europe for his nephews, William Black- more (soon afterwards killed by the In- dians), and Anthony CoUymore. By will, dated in 1684, Peter provided for "wife IMary, one-third of the income of mv es- tate," also for children of William Black- more, and then to his nephew Anthony all other property. Captain Anthony Collamore, was a prominent citizen, always takinp^ part in military, civil and ecclesiastical affairs of his town. In 1666 he married Sarah, twin daughter of Isaac Chittenden, several times deputy from Scituate, member of the coun- cil of war, etc. Anthony was a captain of militia and master of a vessel, and lost his life December 16. 1693, in a wreck on the coast near his home, his vessel going to pieces on a rocky reef which still bears the name of Collymore's Ledge. In 1694. shortly after his death, there was printed in Boston a memorial, composed l)y the Rev. Deodet Lawson. under the title of "Threnodia. or a Mournful Remembrance of the ]\luch-to-be Lamented Death of the Worthy and Pious Captain Anthony Col- lamore." Of Anthony Collamore's twelve children, only five lived beyond infancy: Peter. Mary. Sarah. INIartha and Elizabeth. The last named was twice married; first to Jeremiah Rose and afterwards to Tymothy Symmes. Her great-granddausfhter. Anna Symmes. married. November 22. 1795. ^^'i!liam Henry Harrison, ninth president of the L'nited States. Peter Collamore, son of Captain An- thony and Sarah (Chittenden) Collamore. was born in Scituate, Massachusetts, in 1 67 1, and in 1695 married Abegail Davis, of Roxbury. Massachusetts. Their children were: Abegail. Sarah. Anthony. Peter, Mary. John. Isaac, Thomas and Samuel. Peter and Samuel died young: the de- scendants of Anthony went to New York state and A'ermont; they adopted the "er" termination of the name. Among these was Hon. Jacob Collamer, who was post- master-general in 1849, and United States senator from \"ermont. 1855 to 1865. The descendants of Isaac went to Maine and Rhode Island, while those of Thomas and John remained in Massachusetts. John Collamore. sixth child of Peter and Abegail (Davis) Collamore, was born in Scituate. in 1704. ann died April 17. 1755. He married Margaret W'hiton. daughter of Enoch Whiton. of Hingham, Massachu- setts, April 27, 1732. Their children were: Sarah. Mary. Betty, John and Enoch. Captain Enoch Collamore, fifth child of John and Mar-^aret (Whiton) Collamore, was born in Scituate, Massachusetts. June 27. 1745. and died Aoril 22, 1824. In the war of the Revolution he "marched for the Relief of Boston in tlie Lexington Alarm," April. 1775. and r^Iarch 17, 1777, was elect- ed one of the committee of correspondence, inspection and safety, serving till the close of the war. He represented Scituate in the first state legislature in 178 1-2-3, ^""^l again in 1806-7-8. His title of captain was gained in the militia. He married Hannah Cushing, daughter of Captain Pyam and Hannah (Lincoln) Cushing, whose ances- tor. Alatthew Cushing, came in the ship Diligent from Hingham, in old England, and settled in Hingham, in New England, in 1633. Hannah was a granddaughter of 46 ES.^EX COUNTY. the Hon. Benjamin Lincoln, who was a representative of the general court in 1746- 47-48, and a niece of General Benjamin Lin- coln, who served through the Revolution and was secretary of war in 1781. Their nine children were: John, Hannah, Sarah, Enoch, Sophia, Anthony, Oilman, Horace and Susannah. Colonel John Collamore, eldest child of Enoch and Hannah (Gushing) Gollamore, was born in Scituate, Massachusetts, July 9, 1775, and died March 18, 1859. He was a manufacturer and farmer, cultivating the acres of his ancestors with success. Like others of his race, he was prominent in the afifairs of his native town. The military in- stinct was inherited naturally, and from the time he received his first commission as en- sign, from the Hon. Samuel Adams, in No- vember, 1795, until the expiration of that of colonel, given him by John Brooks, in 1820, he was a commissioned officer in the militia of the commonwealth of Massachu- setts for thirty years. It is recorded that he was never superseded, and was, during the entire time, never but once absent from any regularly appointed training or review. In civil life he served as selectman, assessor, justice of the peace, school committeeman and county conmiissioner, and also as a member of the convention, held in 1820, to revise the state constitution, Golonel Gollamore was also a deacon in the Baptist church, and widely esteemed as a man of sterling integrity and fervent piety. He was twice married, first on October 4, 1801, to Michal Gurtis, daughter of Ebenezer Curtis, of Hanover, Massachusetts, one of his contemporaries in the Revolutionary service. Her grandfather, Bazaliel Gurtis, was made one of the committee of corre- spondence, inspection antl safety for Han- over, in 1775. The children of Golonel John and Michal (Gurtis) Gollamore were: John and Michal (twins), born August 13, 1802: Sarah, July 26, 1804; Mary, March 7, 1806; Betsey, November 5, 1807, Eben- ezer, September 5, 1809; Williams, July 23,1811; Lucinda, March 28, 1813; Will- iams and Lucinda (twins), August 13, 1815; Andrew Fuller, September 11, 1817; Davis, October 7, 1820. Golonel John Collamore married, second, Polly Little, of Marsh- field, and had issue: Almira Amanda, George Enoch, William Ward, Oilman. Davis Collamore, twelfth child of Colonel John and Michal (Curtis) Collamore, the seventh generation of the name in America, was born in Scituate, Plymouth county, Massachusetts, October 7, 1820. Having received a thorough academic education, he came to New York in 1836, to enter the employ of his brother, Ebenezer, an im- porter of fine china and glass, then located at 151 Broadway, and lived with his broth- er, whose home was in the neighborhood of St. John's park. After six years with his brother, during which Davis not only mas- tered the details of the business as then con- ducted, Init made as well a study of ce- ramics, he founded the house of Davis Colla- more, at 595 Broadway, Some years after the name was changed to Davis Gollamore & Company, Mr. Gollamore admitting to partnership some of his clerks, to whom he gave an interest. Highly endowed with that mental trait which has been so aptly styled "the gentle genius of taste," Mr. Col- lamore speedily devoted his energies to em- phasizing the artistic features of his busi- ness. He did nnich to refine and cultivate the public taste of his day. and to increase the understanding and love of ceramic art, his mind quickly grasping the wisdom of ESSEX COUNTY 47 the view which held that it should be stud- ied for the new forms of beauty it reveals. and for the sake of the enlarged intelligence and consequent widened range of refined pleasure afforded by such research. Among his business contemporaries he soon be- came not only a leader whose opinions were sought in this branch of trade, but his marked ability as an art connoisseur and his originality as a designer of styles was fully recognized and acknowledged by leading manufacturers of Europe. He was most appreciati\'e of all that is best in art and literature. The business of which he was the founder remained practically unchanged till 1886, when it was reorganized as a stock com- pany, with Mr. Collamore as president. Though naturally of a retiring disposition, during his business career of fifty-one years Mr. Collamore did not hesitate to take part in public affairs where he thought he could be of service. As a member of the Seventh Regiment he was on duty during the night of the Astor Place riots, and as a loyal Re- publican was a stanch supporter of the na- tional government during the Rebellion. Among his business associates he was re- garded as the soul of honor and integrity, and his commercial probity enabled his firm to meet every obligation through all the financial crises. About 1864 Mr. Collamore became a summer resident of West Orange, pur- chasing seventy acres on the eastern slope of the Orange mountain, part of the Simeon Harrison farm, twenty acres being apple orchards and the balance the fine forest, which gave to his home its fitting name, "Belhurst," (beautiful wood). The estate was bounded on the east by Mr. Tomes' property, and extended on the west to the very crest of the mountain. While the home was being built Mr. Collamore lix'ed at Cosy Cottage, adjoining Silver Spring, the home of Dr. Lowell Mason. In im- pro\-ing the projjerty it was the owner's pleasure to enhance the natural beauties of the location rather than to make it in any degree artificial. The dignified mansion, built of brown stone, quarried on the estate, was designed by his nephew. George Hath- orne. the eminent architect, whose early death deprived his profession of a talented member. Among the first to introduce the breed- ing of Jersey cattle in the neighborhood of Orange, the beautiful creatures grazing in the fields at Belhurst were one of the features of the place. Much friendly rivalry existed among the various owners of the vicinity, and representatives of Mr. Colla- more's herd won many a prize at the annual state fairs at Waverly, New Jersey. In 1867, during the early agitation of the ques- tion of good roads, Mr. Collamore joined other public-spirited citizens in serving on the township connnittee and as chairman of the road committee he was largely in- strumental in securing the adoption of the Telford system of improved road-building. The owner of Belhurst was one of the twelve original members of the New Eng- land Society of Orange. Of dignified mien, a semi-military bear- ing increasing his courtliness of manner, Davis Collamore was the personification of thoughtfulness in all the varied range of his charities. From his pilgrim ancestors he inherited to the fullest e.xtent all the characteristics of resolute courage and de- votion to duty which marked the sturdy settlers of the Plymouth colony of Massa- chusetts. From both parents he drew a 48 ESSEX COUNTY. mingling of strength and gentleness of manner that was specially attractive in his character and which made his home life ideal. Though naturally reserved in man- ner, he was a most charming social com- panion. In conversation, a breadth of knowledge acquired by extended travel, ob- servation and reading, gave to his concise and comprehensive, yet well-chosen words, the impress of wise thought. His tact and helpfulness, in the presence of suffering, made him a welcome visitor in many a sick- room. All who were fortunate in possess- ing his acquaintance bear testimony to his purity of life and to the many attributes which marked him pre-eminently the Christian gentleman. His death, August 13, 1887, was a loss to the community. On November 7, 1842, Mr. Collamore married Hannah Augusta Fiske, a Boston- ian by birth, and a direct descendant of David Fiske, who came from England to Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1642, and whose English record traces back in the direct line to Symon Fiske, lord of the man- or of Stradhaugh, parish Laxfield, county of Suffolk, England, in the reign of Henry VI., (1399-1422). Robert Fiske (and wife Sybil Gould), the progenitor of the New England family, was fourth in descent from him. Davis and Hannah Augusta (Fiske) Col- lamore, had four children : Emma Au- gusta, Lucinda Fuller, Davis and Marion Davis. The eldest married Samuel Pat- ridge. The second and third children died in infancy. Mrs. Collamore died Novem- ber 13, 1882. After the death of Mr. Col- lamore, his two daughters, finding the cares and responsibilities of the place too great, sold the homestead and nineteen acres, re- taining the forty acres adjoining. They still spend their summers on the Mountain Ridge, and cling fondly to the many pleas- ant associations connected with this neigh- borhood. ANTHONY BOWDEN. For a half century this gentleman has given his close and undivided attention to the manufacture of cotton goods and to- day stands as one of the leading repre- sentatives of manufacturing interests in the state. He has added to a thorough under- standing of the business, keen perception and sound judgment in business affairs, en- terprise and resolute purpose, and by his fair dealing has been enabled to keep his goods upon the market and secure a liberal patronage. His is the success that results not from a combination of fortunate cir- cumstances but follows as the logical result of earnest labor and well defined purpose. Mr. Bowden is a native of Cedar Grove, born October 22, 1827. His father, John Bowden, was a native of Derbyshire, Eng- land, and in that land learned the trade of cotton-weaving. In 1819 he crossed the Atlantic to America and locating in Newark he soon afterward engaged in the manu- facture of cotton goods in the old Wash- ington street factory. In a short time, however, he abandoned that and came to Cedar Grove, where in 1825 he opened a mill under the firm name of Bowden & Stanley. Still later he returned to New- ark, where he continued in the same busi- ness. He possessed much talent in the line of music and for several years served as organist in the old Episcopal church in Newark, and did much to promote the taste for music among his fellow towns- men. In 1826 he purchased the old Van ^. ESSEX COUNTY. 49 Riper farm at Cedar Grove of Matthias Williams, of Elizabeth, and established his home there. John Bowden was united in marriage to Aliss Mary Sidebotham, a daughter of a wealthy cotton manufacturer of Cheshire, England, and to them have been born the following children: John; William; Thomas; John, an organ manufacturer in New York city; Joseph, who is living in Caldwell: Mary, deceased; Hannah, wife of Peter Lee; Alice, deceased wife of Henry Coulter; and Edna, wife of Abraham Ja- cobus, who is living in Verona. The father died in 1857, and the mother passed away in 1868. Anthony Bowden acquired his education in the schools of \'erona, and early in life learned the business of manufacturing cot- ton goods in his father's mill. When about eighteen years of age he took charge of the mill, which has been in continuous operation from the time of its establish- ment more than seventy years ago. He is now engaged in the manufacture of all kinds of cotton goods, for which he finds a ready market in New York city. The factory is supplied with modern machinery and good equipments and facilities for turning out first-class work, and the busi- ness of the house is extensive and profit- able. In connection with his manufactur- ing interests, Mr. Bowden is also engaged in general farming and is the owner of sixty-five acres of rich land which is under a high state of cultivation and improved with all modern accessories and conveni- ences. The substantial stone residence which stands upon the place was erected by the Van Riper family soon after the Revolutionary war. In 1852 Mr. Bowden was united in mar- ii-4 riage to Miss Eliza Stagg, a native of Ve- rona and a daughter of Nicholas and Re- becca (Jacobus) Stagg. The following record is of the family born of this union : Sarah, now the wife of Walter C. Bross; Man,', wife of Wilber Canfield: John, de- ceased; Josephine, wife of E. E. Taylor; William and Louis G. Mr. Bowden is a thoroughgoing busi- ness man, of good natural abilities and sound judgment, and in the management of his affairs his care and labor have brought to him substantial financial re- turns. He casts his ballot in support of the men and measures of the Republican party, but has neither lime nor inclination for public office. THOMAS EDISON. Glenmont, the home of Thomas Edison, the inventor, is situated between Park Way and Honeysuckle avenue, in Orange. The house is a combination of brick, stone and wood. Dixon, in his Life of Edison, de- scribes it as "refreshingly independent of architectural rules, it yet presents a v.talth of fancy, which brings into view at every turn unguessed and delicious surprises. It abounds in gabled roofs, picturesque nooks and angles, carved balconies and mellow sheets of stained glass, the whole set in a panorama of rare shrubs, floral arabesques and beds of emerald velvet, the brilliant col- oring of which is thrown in broad relief by a background of somber pines." The ex- tensive grounds contain specimens of the ornatum. the weeping red-cut leaved Japan maple, several specimens of the weeping birch, the American and Jaoan Judas trees, fern-leaved and weeping beech, double red- flowering cherry, purple-leaved or copner 50 e;^sex county. beech, weeping European larch, purple- leaved oak, golden oak, guyko or maiden- hair tree, white-leaved European linden, camperdown weeping elm, several varieties of spruce, Hudson's bay silver fir, Colorado blue spruce, heathlike Japan cypress, thread-branched retinospora, Japanese um- brella tree, golden yew, etc. In his description of the interior, Mr. Dixon says: "The hall, after the fashion of English manors, is luxuriously furnished. Red mahogany, cunningly wrought, enters into the composition of the floor, walls and ceiling, affording an effective backgrounil for the glowing eastern fabrics which abound. Mr. Edison's 'den," back of the hall, contains the large collection of gifts from the crowned heads of Europe and other celebrities; gold medals of merit from the various expositions, in recognition of his wonderful achievements in electrical inventions. Edison's purchase of Glen- mont constituted a ten days' wonder to those acquainted with his rough-and-tum- ble ways and his utter disregard of luxun,-. That a nature whose domestic requirements had hitherto been met by the most prosaic of surroundings, should suddenly develop a necessity for the very blossoming of Eesthetic art, was, indeed, calculated to ex- cite popular comment, but the inventor's selection was universally commended as a suitable shrine for his young and lovely wife." Thomas Edison is unciuestionabl}' the greatest inventor, if not the greatest man, of the present age; his reputation is world- wide. His power over the elements of na- ture is almost l)oundless. Franklin drew the lightning from the heavens; it was har- nessed by Morse, and made the instrument of communication between man and man in every part of the known world; it was left to Edison, however, to guide and direct its course, to make it subservient to his own will, and to apply the electric force to pur- poses never before dreamed of. His scien- tific discoveries have placed him foremost among modern scientists, while his inven- tions have effected a revolution in almost every branch of industry, and have added millions to the wealth of this and other countries. His inventions have ceased to excite wonder or astonishment, for nothing is considered too great or too difficult for his fertile brain. Mr. Edison began life at the bottom of the ladder, and has risen, wholly independ- ent of environment or aid from other sources than those which originated in his own brain. He was born in Alva. Ohio, February ii, 1847. His mother, who had been a teacher, gave him the little schooling he received, and at the age of twelve he became a newsboy on the Grand Trunk line, running into Detroit. \Miile thus engaged he started the Grand Trunk Herald, which he sold with his other papers. He wit- nessed the operations of the telegraph at the different stations, and became inter- ested in the work. A stationmaster, whose child he had rescued in front of a coming train, at the risk of his own life, taught him telegraph operating. He became a de- voted student of and made many improve- ments in electric science. While employed as an operator he invented an automatic re- peater, by means of which a message could be transferred from one wire to another without the aid of an operator; and in 1864 conceived the idea of sending two messages at once over the same wire, which led to his experiments in duplex telegraphy. This he subsequently perfected. In 187 1 he be- ESSEX COUNTY. 51 came superintendent of the New York Gold & Stock Company, inventing the printing telegraph for gold and stock quotations. He subsequently established a large workshop at Newark, New Jersey, removing in 1S76 to Menlo Park, at which place some of his most important inventions were perfected. His system of duplex telegraphy he devel- oped into quadruplex and sextuplex trans- mission. With the use of this harmonic multiplex telegraph, the principle of electric selection has been carried so fast in it, that as many as sixteen messages have been sent at once over a single wire. He invented the carbon telephone transmitter, used by near- ly all the telephones throughout the world. His phonoplex system of telegraphy did for way-station work what the quadruplex did for trunk-line work. This system of rail- way telegraph made possible the sending of telegraphic messas-es to and from mov- ing railway cars without a metallic circuit connection. The messages are conveyed by induction to a conductor extending along the line of the railway. Another of Mr. Edison's inventions is what is known as the pyromagnetic generator, the object of which is to produce electricity direct from the heat energy of coal or other fuel without the intervention of a steam engine or other prime motor. This apparatus is constructed upon the principle that the ca- pacity of iron for magnetism decreases at a high heat. After years of experimenting, Mr. Edi- son solved.the problem of electric lighting by perfecting the incandescent lamp. After perfecting a device for a lamp with a platina burner, he adapted a filament of carbon of high resistance, enclosed in a glass cham- ber, from which the air was almost com- pletely exhausted. He also solved the prob- lem of the commercial subdivision of the light in a system of general distribution of electricity, like gas, and in December, 1879, gave a public exhibition in Menlo Park of a complete system of electric lighting. This was the first instance of subdivision of the electric light, and created great interest throughout the world, especially as scientific experts had testified before a committee of the English house of commons in the pre- vious year that such a sulxlivision was im- possible. While working at this there were nearly, or quite three thousand theories and series of experiments investigated: experts were sent to all parts of the globe in search of fibres that could be utilized for the man- ufacture of carbon filaments, and the ex- haustless zeal and dogged perseverance with which the great inventor pushed his researches day and night, scarcely taking time for eating or sleeping, continued un- abated till at last his labors were crowned with success, and the incandescent lamp, practically perfect, was ready for the mar- ket. It is this resistless, rushing, burning intensity of purpose, combined with a bull- dog tenacity of grip and determination to reach the end ilesired. at all hazards, that has contributed very largely to the success of Mr. Edison in his work. The phonograph, which is one of the crowning wonders of the life of the great electrician, was invented by him in 1877. Mr. Edison was the very first to aoply the induction coil to the transmission of speech. The motograph receiver, generally known as the "loud-speaking telephone," is an in- vention by which the voice from a tele- phone can be received with such power as to be readily heard by a large audience. The telephonograph is, as the name implies, 52 ESSEX COUNTY. an arrangement by which a telephonic com- munication from a distance can be recorded on the phonograph and reproduced at will. By the megaphone, which was invented by Mr. Edison during his acoustic researches, it is claimed that under favorable condi- tions, conversation, in an ordinary tone of voice, has been carried on over a distance of two miles, without the aid of connecting wires or any other medium than the air. In the tasimeter Mr. Edison has made an exceedingly sensitive machine for meas- uring slight degrees of heat. This is done by the employment of the principle of the varying electrical resistance of carbon in connection with the expansion of hard rub- ber under the influence of heat. It is so arranged that the expansion of a strip of hard rubber increases the pressure on a carbon button, and this increase of pres- sure is at once registered by a galvanome- ter. It is so sensitive to heat that the heat of a person's hand sensibly afTects the in- strument at the distance of thirty feet, and by means of this instrument the heat given oi¥ by some of the planets and fixed stars has been successfully measured. In this same line is the odoroscope, which is con- structed on the same principle, but has for its object the measurement of the amount of moisture in the air. The electro dynamo was, to a certain ex- tent, a completed invention when Mr. Edi- son took up his work, and its general prin- ciples and details of constniction were well understood by experts: but Mr. Edison at once began to make experiments, that have well nigh revolutionized the manner of building dynamos. He was the first one to design large steam dynamos, and in 1881 he built a dynamo that weighed twenty- seven tons, and of which the armature was built of massive bars of copper instead of wires. This dynamo has been exhibited at all the great exhibitions since that time, and is acknowledged to be one of the greatest feats of modern science. Among Mr. Edison's inventions is the kinetoscope, designed to exhibit pictures of various objects in motion, the idea being to show all the movements of the object without any perceptible break in the pic- ture. Attempts have been made by others to accomplish this, but Mr. Edison was the first to give to the public a perfect machine. To accomplish this it is necessary to make from twelve hundred to three thousand im- pressions or pictures per minute, according to the character of the subject, to properly exhibit the movements or changes of the object. The negatives for these pictures are taken by an apparatus which Mr. Edi- son calls the kinetograph, in which a trans- parent sensitized film, in the form of a long, narrow tape, is moved at a very high rate of speed, behind a camera lens and an in- tervening rapidly moving shutter. The mechanism which moves the tape is pro- vided with a stop mechanism for positively arresting the forward movement when the tape is exposed by the shutter, and for giv- ing the proper periods of exposure in inex- posure. The negatives are reproduced upon long transparent tapes for use in ex- hibiting machines. A very large number of the machines are in public use, and for some time past have been combined with the phonograph. These machines are man- ufactured at ]\Ir. Edison's works at Orange, New Jersey. The fluoroscope and fluorescent lamp are the result of Mr. Edison's investigation of the X-rays. By the use of this device the objects which had previously to be photo- ESSEX COUNTY. 53 graphed can now be seen directly. This device is a flaring box. having a pasteboard bottom, over the inside of which is a layer of tungstate of calcinm. which becomes fluorescent under the influence of the X- rays. The top of the box is provided with a curved sight, opening like a stereoscope, and the edges are padded so as to flt closely and exclude all light. The fluorescent electric lamp is a vacuum tube, covered with a layer of tungstate of calcium, which becomes highly fluorescent and gives off a pure white light when the vacuum tube is excited by oscillating waves of electricity. Most of Mr. Edison's inventions are patented in the United States and foreign countries, although he has given to the public a large number of inventions and discoveries which were never ])atented. In the United States he has filed nearly one thousand applications for letters-patent, and up to date seven hundred and thirty- two patents have been issued for his inven- tions. In foreign countries, including the principal European countries, Canada, In- dia, Australian colonies. New Zealand, Tas- mania, Natal, Ceylon and Cape of Good Hope, over seven hundred and fifty patents have been issued for his inventions. While noting the successful experiments of Mr. Edison, the press frequently referred to him as "The Wizard of Menlo Park." He achieved some of his greatest successes in his laboratory at that place. He continued there for some years, when he removed to New York city. Soon after purchasing his beautiful home in Llewellyn Park, Mr. Edison concluded that it would be more convenient to have his laboratory and workshop near his home, and in 1887 he purchased the property on the corner of Valley road and Lakeside avenue, on which he erected substantial brick buildings, con- veniently arranged for his work. The main building, three stories high, contains on the first floor a magnificent library, elegantly furnished in hard wood. It is provided with galleries and alcoves, by which the upper tiers of book-shelves are reached, these shelves running from the floor to the ceiling, being filled with valuable works on electricity and kindred subjects. Near the center of the library is Mr. Edison's private desk, which is connected by electric bells and speaking tubes with every part of the several buildings. In the rear of the library, on the first floor, is the storeroom. This is a veritable museum, or, rather, it is a com- bination of museum, ironmonger's shop, drug house and tinware establishment. It would be difficult to enumerate the various articles in this room. There are skins, hair, horns, hoofs, teeth of almost every known domestic and wild animal, including tusks of elephants, hide of rhinoceros and hippo- potamus, horn of antelope, antler of deer, shark's teeth, llama's wool, and specimens of other beasts. There is also almost every known variety of grain and cereals, fishes from all quarters of the globe, the rarest and most costly of drugs and chemicals, ore of gold, silver, copper, tin, etc., flour, sugar and other commodities, as well as iron and tinware, are found in the collec- tion. All these are made use of by Mr. Edison in his various experiments. On the second story of this building are a num- ber of small rooms, used by Mr. Edison's assistants in making experiments, conduct- ing researches, etc., under his direction. There is a well equipped photograph gal- lery, and a room devoted to the displav of Mr. Edison's inventions in the telegraph and telephone. To the north of the main 54 ESSEX COUNTT. building is a long, low, one-story brick structure, known as the galvanometer building. It is filled with the most deli- cately adjusted instruments for measuring electric currents; and one peculiarity of the structure is that there is not a particle of iron or steel in its construction, all the nails, nuts and screws being of copper. North of this building are the chemical rooms, where experiments are made. A short distance east of the laboratory is an- other cluster of brick and frame buildings, which form the Edison phonograph w^orks. Mr. Edison, while living in Orange, is not of it. He is too much absorbed in his inventions to give society or other affairs much attention. He is well represented, however, by Mrs. Edison, who mingles freely in society and is active in benevolent and other works. She is popular with all classes. WILBER W. DE CAMP, a veteran of the civil war and a prominent citizen of Roseland, was born in his home city on the ist of December, 1840, a son of Aaron De Camp, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this work. Mr. De Camp was reared to farm life until at- taining the age of fourteen years, when he served an apprenticeship at the shoemaker's trade with his father, and he continued to follow that line of industry until the war of the Rebellion caused him to offer his services in defense of the Union. On Sep- tember I, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, Twenty-sixth New Jersey Volunteer In- fantry, as a private, participating in the battle of Fredericksburg, besides many other engagements and skirmishes, and for brave and efificient work he was promoted to the rank of first sergeant. He was hon- orably discharged on the 19th of June, 1863, and at the conclusion of the war he worked at his trade until 1874, when he engaged in the manufacture of shoes, making a strict- ly hand-made article for the New York and Hudson valley market, and giving employ- ment to between thirty-five and forty hands. In 1889 he established a general mercantile store at Roseland, where, by in- dustry, thrift and honest business methods, he has succeeded in building up a large and constantly increasing trade. In his political views Mr. De Camp is in- dependent. He was appointed postmaster of Roseland under President Cleveland's first administration, and he has served as commissioner of deeds, was town commis- sioner for two terms, a member of the school board for eight years, was master of the Grange for two years and is at present a notary public. The marriage of Mr. De Camp was con- summated on the 25th of February, 1868, when he was united to Miss Justinah De Camp, a daughter of Harrison De Camp, of Roseland, Essex county, and a granddaughter of Benjamin De Camp. They have one child, Marcus W., of Rose- land, who married Elizabeth B. Moger; they have four children, — W'itsel R., Blanch M., Aline and Harold L. Harrison De Camp followed the vocation of shoe-making during his life and resided at Roseland. He married Miss Electa Bond, a native of Caldwell and a daugh- ter of Alva Bond, and they became the par- ents of four children, Justinah; Annie C, the wife of George L. Smith; Sarah Eliza- beth, who married Jeptha Williams: and Jane Maria, who died young. Mr. and Mrs. De Camp were members of the Roseland ESSEX COUNTY. 55 church, in the faith of which Mr. De Camp departed this life on the 2d of April, 1897. HENRY BERG, who is prominently and widely known in business and social circles, has a larg^e circle of friends, whose confidence and esteem he enjoys by reason of his sterling worth, fidel- ity to duty and strict adherence to the ethics of commercial life. He is a son of Frederick and Anna Berg and a member of the well known firm of F. Berg & Com- pany hat-manufacturers of Orange. He was born in Orange on the 3d of February, 1865, and was educated in the public schools and in the New Jersey Business College, in which he pursued a commercial course that well fitted him for the practical duties which he assumed on entering mer- cantile life. He learned the hat-maker's trade in his father's establishment, where he continued as an employee until 1888, when he was ad- mitted to a partnership in the business. This enterprise is conductetl after the most ap- proN'ed modern methods, the partners working in harmony and their progressive- ness bringing continual advancement in the manner of carrying on the trade. The house has an en\iable reputation for relia- bility, good workmanship, promptness in filling orders and for fair dealing, and tlie liberal patronage which they receive is justly merited. Mr. Berg, of this sketch, was married in Orange, on the J4th of October, 1887, when Miss Anna E. Leimer became his wife. Her parents, Benno and Elizabeth (Schuldyce) Leimer, were natives of Ba- varia, and the father now resides in Orange, but the mother departed this life in 1896. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Berg num- bered three children, but one died in in- fancy. The others are William H., who was born January i, 1894, and Henry, bom January 9, 1896. Mr. Berg takes quite an active interest in civic societies and is a valued member of various organizations. He belongs to Union Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and has at- tained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish rite. He is a member of Eiche Lodge of Heptasophs, of Newark, and the Waterwitch Club, of Neversink Heights. He is a trustee and treasurer of the Ger- man School Association, attends the Ger- man Presbyterian church, of Orange, and in his political views he is a stalwart Re- publican. HOWARD J. VAN DOREN, whose industrial interests add to the busi- ness life of Bloomfield and who is ranked among the progressive and valued citizens of the town, is a native of this state, comingf of a family numbered among the most an- cient of those who aided in the colonization of the new world. He descends from a family prominent in Revolutionary days. The original American ancestor came from Holland in 1640 and from an early date the name lias been linked with the history of New Jersey. The last slaves owned in this state were held by this family. At an early day, as well as at the present time, the fam- ily have been connected with many of the leading officials of New Jersey and with many prominent lawyers. Mr. Van Dor- en is a relative of Vice-President Hobart. The subject of this sketch acquired his elementar}' education in Brooklyn, New York, and afterward continued his studies at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 56 J^.S'.S'^X COUNTY. Thus, by excellent educational privileges, he was fitted for the practical and respon- sible duties of life. On the completion of his collegiate course he began his business career, entering the house of Samuel Wilde's Sons, in New York city, wholesale dealers in cofifee and tea, and continued his connection therewith until 1895, when he purchased the ice plant in Bloomfield: and since then he has been extensively and suc- cessfully engaged in the manufacture of ice. The works of which he is now at the head were established in 1890, and were first owned and operated by the Bloomfield & Montclair Crystal Ice Company, which continued in charge until 1895, when Mr. Van Doren purchased the plant and ma- chinery. He has since put in improved ma- chinery and equipments and the latest fa- cilities for manufacturing a superior qual- ity of ice, and has one of the best plants in this section of the country. The ice is manufactured from pure artesian-well water, entirely free from animal or vege- table matter, and the capacity of the plant is from twenty-five to thirty tons in twenty- four hours. The product of the factory finds a ready sale in the market : the busi- ness is exclusively wholesale, the ice being purchased by the jobbers, and has steadily grown in volume. The increased sales have brought a corresponding increase in profits, so that he is now doing a good business and reaping a just reward for his labors. Besides the ice business Mr. Van Doren is also engaged in other industries, in New York city. In his political principles he is a Repub- lican, taking an active part in the advance- ment of the measures of his party. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, the Loyal Additional and several other orders. In 189 1 was celebrated the marriage which united the destinies of Mr. Van Dor- en and Miss Leonie Hauxhurst. of West- chester county. New York. They have many friends in Bloomfield and are warmly received in the best homes in the city, their culture and sterling worth insuring them a w elcome evervwhere. CHARLES BORCHERLING, in whom are combined the elements that go to make up the skilled and successful lawyer, was born in Berlin, Prussia, on the nth of January, 1827. His father was Charles F. Borcherling, a highly respected citizen of Newark, who came with his fam- ily to the United States during the child- hood of our subject. The latter afterward returned to Germany, where he received a practical education and on again crossing the Atlantic he continued his literary studies. It was his original intention to follow a commercial life, but his fondness for study and desire to comply with the wishes of his father led him to prepare for the bar. To this end he became a student in the law ofiice of Cortlandt Parker, of Newark, under whose direction he contin- ued his reading until June, i860, when he was admitted to the bar and immediately afterward entered upon the active practice of his profession. He soon rose to promi- nence and has long been regarded as one of the strongest members of the legal fra- ternity of Essex county. Mr. Borcherling is a close student, careful in the preparation of his cases, and when he enters the court-room he has that calmness which arises from a mastery of the interests entrusted to him. He loses sight of no assailable point in an opponent's argument ESSEX COUNTY. 57 and in his defense brings to bear each point of his case with telling force. He is logi- cal, clear in his reason, convincing in ora- tory and persuasive, strong and accurate. In 1869 Mr. Borcherling was united in marriage to Miss Eliza S. Quinby, a daugh- ter of James M. Quinby, deceased, who was one of the most esteemed and prominent citizens of Newark for many years. Mrs. Borcherling died in 1875, leaving one son, Frederick Adolph Borcherling, now a prac- ticing attorney in Newark. In 1885 Mr, Borcherling was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Mary Ruxton Nor- ris, widow of Thomas P. Norris, deceased, of Newark. Although Mr. Borcherling has always taken a deep interest in matters relating to the public welfare, he has never sought prominence in the political arena : his pref- erence has been to give his full time and attention to the law, where he has achieved renown and gained a distinctive clientele. THE LINDSLEY FAMILY. This name is variously spelled Linle, Linley, Linsley and Lindsley. The name was originally Linesley, and there is a town of that name in county Lancaster, England, where this family had their seat. They bore : Arms — Sable, a lion rampant be- tween eight crosses pattee fitchee argent. Crest — An arm in armor, embowed, hold- ing in the glove a sabre, all ppr. John and Francis Linley emigrated from a place not far to the southwest of London and settled in the New Haven colony about 1640. John Linley took the oath of fidelity to the New Haven colony, July i, 1644. The names of John and Francis Linley appear on the New Haven records the fol- lowing year in a suit for "damadges" as follows : "Stephen Medcalfe complavned that he was going into the house of John Linle_\-, Francis Linley, his brother, being in the house, told him he would sell him a gunne, that said Stephen asked him if it were a good one, he answered yea, as any was in the towne." The "gunne" proved defecti\-e as was shown by the result and the finding of the court. "The court con- sidering the premises, the great damadge , Stephen Medcalfe had susteyned in the losse of his eye, wth the losse of his time and the great chardge of the cure, Mr. Pell affirming it was worth lol, ordered Francis Linley to pay to Stephen Aledcalfe 20I damadges." Branford, formerly Totoket, was estab- lished as a plantation in 1644 and the names of John and Francis Linley appear on the records in 1646. They were probably among the first planters. Tohn remained at Branford, where he died, his children having settled "ancient Woodbury." Francis Linley came with the first settlers to Newark, and his name appears among the forty additional settlers who signed the "Fundamental Agreement," June 24, 1667. In the first division of "home lots," he drew No. 44. He also had his division of meadow land and a "lot in the Great Neck." He obtained patents for several tracts of land, part of which was in the right of Ebenezer Canfield. Among the records of the New Jersey Historical Society are copies of several deeds of Fran- cis and Ebenezer. his son. He was a large landholder, but does not appear to have taken a prominent part in the town affairs. His "home lott" was on the corner of the present Market and High streets. His children born in Branford were: Deborah, 58 ESSEX COUNTY. born 1656; Ruth, born 1658; Ebenezer, born 1665; John, born in Newark, 1667; also Benjamin, Josepli and Jonathan. Ebenezer Lindsley,- eldest son and third child of Francis Lindsley, was born in Bran- ford, Connecticut, in 1665; was brought with his parents to Newark two years later. His children were: Hannah, born 1693; Ebenezer, born 1696; Josiah, Elihu and Benjamin, born 1715. Benjamin Lindsley, youngest child of Ebenezer Lindsley, was born in Newark, in 171 5. That he lived and owned property in what is now Orange is shown bv the fact that he was one of the subscribers to the amount of six pounds to the "second meeting-house," in 1753. He married Mary Morris, daughter of John Morris, son of Captain John Morris, and had issue, John, known as "Judge John," born 1752, Sarah. Elizabeth. John Lindslev. eldest child and only son of Benjamin and Mary (Morris) Linds- ley, was born in that part of Newark now known as South Orange, in 1752. His name appears among the subscribers to the "Parish Sloop," in 1784. John Lmdsley and Aaron Munn were appointed a com- mittee to meet the committee of the New- ark church to try and "accomidate the dif- ference existing between Newark church and the church of Orange, respecting the lower parsonage." At the "usual Fourth of July celebration," held in 1814, John Lindsley, Esq., with Major Abraham Winans. were the "bearers of the national standard." This honor was always accord- ed to the leading men in the town. In the early records he is mentioned as "Judge John." He was justice of the peace for a number of years and afterwards associate death. Judge John Lindsley married judge of one of the county courts until his Phebe Baldwin, daughter of Israel Baldwin, and had issue, Lydia, Sarah, Mary (Squire Stephen D. Day married Sarah, and on her decease, married Mary), Matilda, John Morris, born 1784, Benjamin, Phebe, Eliza. John Morris Lindsley, son of Judge John and Phebe (Baldwin) Lindsley, was born in Orange, in 1784. He was a leading man in the community and was one of the first to start a country store. He was asso- ciated with his brother-in-law, Stephen D. Day, until 1806, when the firm was dis- solved and the business continued by Mr. Lindsley in the store built for the firm on the easterly corner of Cone street, the site of which is now occupied by the Orange Savings Bank. He continued to do a thriv- ing business for many years and was recog- nized as one of the leading and most en- terprising merchants in Essex county. When his sons Nelson and George arrived at the proper age they were taken into part- nership and the business continued as John M. Lindsley & Sons until his death. In 1850, Nelson and George established the coal business, being the first to introduce its use in Orange. They built up an exten- sive business in this line and gradually re- duced their stock of general merchandise, limiting it to that of coal and hardware. While taking no prominent part in poli- tics, ht encoiu'aged improvements in every direction and had great faith in the ulti- mate development of his native town. He w itnessed its growth from a simple farming district to a flourishing township, which gradually developed into a prosperous city. He married Charlotte Taylor, a descendant of Rev. Daniel Taylor, the first pastor of the Mountain Society. His children were : Nelson, born August 23, 1808; Romana A., married Philip Kingsley, the first lawyer ESSEX COUNTY. 59 of Orange, afterwards Locke Catlin ; John ; Ann E.. married Edward Trnman Hillyer; James Girard: George. Nelson Lindsley, eldest child of John Morris and Charlotte (Taylor) Lindsley, was born at the homestead of his father, on the corner of Alain and Cone streets, on the site now occupied by his son as a hardware store, August 23, 1808. He attended the public school and the Orange Academy, and entered his father's store as clerk and, together with his brother George, succeed- ed to the business. In 1862 the new brick building was erected on the opposite cor- ner, and for twenty years the firm was the most prosperous of any in the county out- side of Newark. In 1883, owing to increas- ing weakness, Nelson withdrew from the firm, the business being continued by his brother. Mr. Lindsley had no desire for politics or social life, but was a stanch Republican and always a leader in every movement tending to improve the town or benefit his neigh- bors. He was especially active in the move- ment made in 1857 to secure better facilities on the Morris & Essex Road. He was one of a committee which waited upon the man- agers of the Morris & Esse.x Railroad to protest, in the name of Orange, against an increase of fares to New York and New- ark, of fifty and twenty-five per cent. He continued to agitate the matter until the object was accomplished. He also assisted in securing the incorporation of Orange as a town. The agitation was begun in 1859. and he called to order the first public meet- ing held to consider that question, in Wil- low Hall, November 17, 1859. He was elected to represent the third ward in the following year, when the first town com- mittee was organized. He served one term of three years. Mr. Lindsley was president of the Rosedale Cemetery Association for many years and spent much of his time in bringing the cemetery to that state of de- \elopment which has since characterized it. Under the old militia system he took an active interest in military afYairs and was adjutant of the Fifth Regiment, Essex Brigade. There were few men who occu- pied a more important position or exer- cised greater influence in the community. He was a devoted husband and a model father. He married Ann Harrison, daugh- ter of Caleb Harrison (son of Caleb, of George, of George, of Sergeant Richard), and had issue, Charlotte; Edward; Anna, married, first, Farrand Dodd, second, Orrin S. Wood: John N.; Walter. Mr. Lindsley died Sunday, July i, 1888. THE MANDEVILLE FAMILY. The Mandevilles of America all have a common origin and are descended from one of the oldest and most distinguished fam- ilies of France. An inscription on a plate over the gate at the entrance of Rouen, in Normandy, France, whence the family came originally, shows that they had achieved great distinction in the early history of that ancient city. When William, duke of Nor- mandy, "the Conqueror." passed over into England, A. D. 1066, he was accompanied by one Godfridus de Mannavilla, who. on the distributory lands and lordships which afterwards took place, was very liberally re- warded for his services. A grandson of the latter was the first earl of Essex. Giles Jansen De Mandeville, the Ameri- can ancestor of this family, fled from the city of Rouen. Normandy, France, to Hol- land, and in the province of Guilderland he 6o ESSEX COUNTY. married Elsje Hendricks, about 1640. He received from the Dutch government a grant of land at Flatbush, Long Island, and came to this country in 1647, o" ^^''^ ship Faith, in company with Peter Stuyve- sant, afterwards governor of the colony, who was a great friend of the family and who, later, gave his friend Mandeville a grant of land on the Hudson river, extend- ing from Ganzevoort street upwards and including the present Abington Square, which was then the family burying-groutul. The locality was Greenwich village. Hendrick Mandeville, the eldest child of Giles Jansen De Mandeville, came into pos- session of the Flatbush property, which he sold and then removed to Pompton Plains, New Jersey. He was twice married and had six children, viz. : David, Peter, Antje, Johannis, Hendrick and Giles. Giles Man- deville, youngest child of Hendrick, was born at Pompton Plains, New Jersey, Jan- uary 25, 1708; died August 8, 1776. His first residence was in a log house, which was destroyed by fire in 1742. He built a stone house on the same site, which is still standing. He married Leah Bruen or Brown and had eight children, viz. : Hen- drick (3), born 1732; Elizabeth, born 1736; William, born 1739; Johannis, born 1740; Anthony, born March 7, 1742; Grietje, Giles, Abraham. Abraham Mandeville. youngest child of Giles and Leah (Brown) Mandeville, was born at Pompton Plains, New Jersey, Oc- tober 25, 1750. He was a man of consider- able means and influence in the community. He married Antje Van Wagoner. Their children were : C'atherine, born August 7, 1775, died in infancy;^ Gellis, or Giles, born November 29, 1777; Cornelius, born No- vember 20, 1779; William, born May 20. 1782: Helmah, born August 18, 1785; Abram. born May 14, 1788; Catherine, again, born July 24, 1789; Leah, born June 8, 1795. Giles Mandeville, eldest living child of Abraham and Antje (Van Wagoner) Man- deville, was born at Pompton Plains, New Jersey, November 29, 1777; died in Orange, June 14, 1863. He was a pros- perous farmer and a man of more than or- dinary intelligence, possessed of a retentive memory and fond of books, of which he had a large and varied collection. He was well informed on the leading topics of the day and was a man of much ability and influ- ence. He was the founder of the Orange branch of the family, having settled here in 1800, being then a young man of twenty- two. He was interested in educational mat- ters and founded the first public library ever established in the Oranges, his own collection of books forming the nucleus. It was well patronized by the young men of the day, who derived great benefit from it, and Mr. Mandeville was recognized as a public benefactor. He died June 14, 1863, and was buried in the old Orange burying- ground, but afterward w'as removed to Rosedale cemetery. He was a man of hon- est convictions, but simple and unaffected in his manner. In appearance and personal cliaracteristics he show-ed the hereditary traits of the family. He married Sally, daughter of Henry Wick, of Morristown, New Jersey, and had issue: Abraham; James Camp; Elizabeth, married Cyrus Baldwin; Henry Sears, and Preston. Giles Mandeville married, second, Abigail Crane, a descendant of Jasper Crane, who married the daughter of Governor Treat, of Con- necticut, and one of the original settlers of Newark. ESSEX COUNTY. 6i Abraham Mandeville, eldest child of Giles and Sally (Wick) Mandeville, was born in Orange, August 27, 1805. He was edu- cated at Colonel Chester Robinson's school and later engaged in mercantile affairs and held many offices of trust and honor. He was coroner and was for fifteen years justice of the peace. He was one of the incorpor- ators of the Orange Savings Bank and con- tinued on the board of management up to the time of his death. His early connection with the Masonic fraternity was a notable event in his life, having been raised to the sublime degree of Master ]\Iason, February 20, 1827, in Union Lodge, No. 11, only a few weeks before the corner-stone of Ma- sonic hall was laid. Stephen D. Day, one of the founders of the lodge, was grand junior warden of the state at the time, and took an active part in the ceremonies. Dr. Dan- iel Babbitt, who afterwards became grand master of the state, was worshipful mas- ter of Union Lodge at the time, and from him Mr. Mandeville received his first les- sons in speculative Masonry, and exem- plified its teachings during the remainder of his life. During the anti-Masonic ex- citement, from 1836 to 1846, he remained firm and loyal to the order, and at the time of his death was the oldest living Master Mason in Orange, having been a member of Union Lodge for over half a century. When work was resumed by the lodge, after a lapse of many years, he was among the first to take his place among his brother mem- bers. He died in May, 1887, age eighty- one years and nine months. He married Lydia L. Kilburn, daughter of Daniel Kil- burn, of Orange, a descendant of "Ser- geant John" Kilburn, of Wethersfield, Con- necticut, whose ancestry dates back to that of William de Kilbourne. lord of the manor of Kilbourne, in Yorkshire, born A. D. 1 173. The children of Abraham and Lydia L. (Kilburn) Mandeville were: Lewis A., Sarah E., Giles P.. Phebe A., and Mary K., who married Joseph A. Minott. James Camp Mandeville, second child of Giles and Sally (Wick) Mandeville, was born in the house, on Main street (still standing), opposite the Methodist church, about 1807. He received a good common- school education, and learned the trade of coach-making with Hedenburg, Pickett, Cooper & Company, and was associated with them in business. He made consider- able money, but through the failure of his old employers, in 1841, he lost it, and was obliged to go to work as a journeyman. He removed to Newark and lived there during the remainder of his life. He mar- ried Caroline Van Vilsor, of Hempstead, Long Island, and had issue Dr. Frederic B. and Anna ]\L, who married Edwin Scud- der. It is not surprising to find a physician in this branch of the family, as there have been several members of the different branches who have attained distinction in this pro- fession. Sir John Alaundeville, born in St. Albans, England, about 1300, was a man of scholastic learning and also acquainted with medicine and natural science, as understood in that day. Bernard Mande- ville, M. D., born at Dordrecht about 1665, was settled as a physician in London, where he died January 21, 1733. Several mem- bers of the American branch have been prominent as physicians. Frederick B. Mandeville, eldest son of James Camp and Caroline (Van Vilsor) Mandeville, was born at 291 Washington street. Newark, August 17, 1840. He evinced early in life a thirst for knowledge 62 ESSEX COUNTY. and a determination to adopt a professional life. With bright hopes for the future, the father gave him every encouragement, and his preliminary studies were pursued under the direction of Nathan Hedges, Rev. Will- iam Bradley, and the distinguished classical teacher, Rev. Dr. Weeks. He completed his preparatory course at the Newark Academy, and soon after entered Rutgers College. At the end of his sophomore year he decided to give up his studies and pursue a mercantile career. He began as clerk in the mercantile establishment of S. R. W. Heath & Company, and soon won the confidence of his employers and was duly promoted. The desire to enter the medical profession returned and he applied himself diligently, during his leisure hours, to the studv of such works on medicine as would enable him to enter a medical col- lege. He became interested in the theories of the new school of practice and, at the age of nineteen, entered the New York Homeopathic Medical College, in which he was graduated in 1861. While pleased with the new school of practice, he determined to obtain a knowledge of the old as well, and after completing his course in the first, he entered the New York Medical College from which he received his degree of M. D. in 1863. While pursuing his studies in the latter college he availed himself of the op- portunity occasioned by the civil war and obtained an appointment as medical cadet in the United States service, and was as- signed duty at the Ward United States Hospital, in Newark. After a brief experi- ence he was promoted to acting assistant surgeon. His experience in this hospital proved of great advantage to him in his subsequent practice. He was associated for a year with Dr. Charles R. Fish, a homeopathic physician, in Newark, New Jersey. On the latter's removal from New- ark, Dr. Mandeville succeeded to his prac- tice. During this period he continued his studies and his mind broadened and ex- panded and he was led to take a more lib- eral view of the old and new schools and adopt such methods as seemed best adapted to circumstances. The wisdom of this course was soon manifest, and his clientele increased from year to year and the "God bless you" fell from the lips of many who had experienced the benefit of his independ- ent methods. During his long and success- ful practice. Dr. Mandeville has kept apace with the times, ready at all times to adopt the best methods of others, even where it conflicted with his pre-conceived theories. He enjoys a high reputation among those of his professional brethren who are not wedded to iron-clad theories, and is ad- mired for his bold, independent, manly course. In 1869 he was appointed to the chair of diseases of children and hygiene, in the New York Homeopathic Medical College: his professional duties, however, compelled him to decline the honor. .The cause of education has always been one of deepest interest to Dr. Mandeville, and he has never neglected any opportun- ity to place the best means and facilities within the reach of the masses. He was elected a member of the board of education of Newark, in 1872. continuing for nine years, until his removal from the ward, in 1881, necessitated his retirement. For seven years of this period he was chairman of the teachers' committee. He was for some years a member of the Newark board of health, having succeeded Dr. J. D. Brumley to that position in 1882. He was twice president of the health board and was ESSEX COUNTY 63 chief officer of health for five years under the old regime, and during this period he recommended many changes and improve- ments which were of great benefit to his native city. He served as president of the new board of health for one year. Dr. Mandeville was one of the founders of the New Jersey State Homeopathic Society and served two terms as its president. He is a member of the New Jersey Medical Club and American Institute, and an hon- orary member of the New York and Penn- sylvania State Homeopathic Societies. He has been for many years a contributor to the medical journals, his articles evincing originality and independence of thought as well as careful study and thorough investi- gation. He is a member of the New Jersey Club, composed of physicians residing in Union, Hudson, Essex and Passaic coun- ties. New Jersey. Dr. ]Mandeville has been identified with various business enterprises, which ha\-e profited by the results of his early business experience. His reputation for business sa- gacitv and foresight shows that the time spent during his early days in acquiring this knowledge was not in vain. He was one of the organizers of the Schuyler Electric Light Company; was its first vice-president, and was its president until its consolidation. He was one of the organizers of the United States Industrial Insurance Company, of Newark, which enabled the poorest men to avail themselves of its benefits, relieving want and misery in thousands of cases which the old plan of life insurance, under its costly methods, would have failed to meet. He was its medical director and vice-president, and was elected president in 1892. In his religious connections Dr. Mande- ville was first with the Reformed Dutch church, afterward elder of the Park Presby- terian church, and when that was removed to the north end of the city he united with the old First Presbyterian church. H^ is also a member of St. John's Lodge, F. & A. M., of Newark. Socially, Dr. Mandeville is one of the most genial and entertaining of men. Kind-hearted and charitable, he has always been foremost in performing good deeds, and relieving those in trouble and distress. He is still in the prime of life; his physical manhood strong, vigorous and pure. He is beloved by his associates, as well as by those under him, over whom he exerts a kind and fatherly influence. He married, October 7, 1863, Sarah Teel, daughter of George Tucker Teel, of New York. They had issue, Frederick Allen, born August 17, 1864; Henry C, deceased; Mary, married E. W. S. Johnson, of New York; James Arthur. Frederick Allen ^L^ndeville, M. D., eld- est child of Frederick B. and Sarah (Teel) Mande\ille, was born at the home of his father, on Washington street. Newark. Au- gust 17, 1864. His early instruction was received at the public schools of Newark, his father being at that time greatly inter- ested in the cause of i)ublic education, and a member of the Newark board of educa- tion. Frederick A. was prepared for col- lege at the Newark Academy, and entered Rutgers College in the class of '85, graduat- ing with honor. He was graduated and re- ceived his degree of !M. D. from the New York Homeopathic College in 1890. He established himself at 224 Belleville avenue, Newark, depending wholly upon his own exertions, and at the end of two years had a lucrative practice among the best people of the eighth ward. In 1892 he made a trip to 64 ESSEX COUNTY. Europe and took a post-graduate course at the University of Vienna, his preceptors be- ing the eminent Drs. Albert and Bilroth. In 1893, soon after his return home, he combined his own with his father's practice and formed a co-partnership, whicli stilt ex- ists, although Frederick A. has now almost the entire control of it. Like his father, he is not tied down by any iron-clad rules or system, but adapts his methods of treat- ment to suit each particular case. He loves his profession, and is ready to make any personal sacrifice to achieve success, re- gardless of the criticisms of those who are wedded to stereotyped methods of either the old or new school. He has original ideas and has invented and devised appa- ratus and improved methods which have been of great benefit to the profession. His inventions have been favorably no- ticed bv the press, and had he chosen to avail himself of the commercial advantages to be derived therefrom he might have add- ed materially to his exchequer, but in all his in\-entions he has strictly observed the un- written code, which debars the profession from reaping any pecuniary benefit from their inventions. Even had there been no barrier. Dr. Mandeville could never be in- duced to restrict the use of any discoveries of his own that would help to relieve the sufferings of his fellowmen. He inherits from his father those strong sympathies for suffering humanity that would lead to great personal sacrifices for the accomplishment of the ends sought. Like one of his dis- tinguished ancestors, his mind runs more in the line of scientific than medical research, yet his researches all tend to increase his medical knowledge. He is a member of the New York Microscopical Society, the Academy of Sciences, the Torrev Botanical Club, the AlacKeon Club, and the several Columbia College societies. JOHN L. JOHNSON is numbered among the legal practitioners of the bar of Newark and has attained con- siderable distinction by reason of his com- prehensive and accurate knowledge of the law. his painstaking preparation of cases and his absolute fidelity to the interests en- trusted to his care. Born in St. Lawrence county. New York, on the 1 6th of May, 1847. he is of Scotch- Irish descent. The family was founded in Vermont at a very early day in the history of the colonies and among the first of the name of whom we have record is Obadiah Johnson. William Pitt Johnson, the father of our subject, was born in St. Lawrence county. New York, and after attaining his majority married Abigail Adaline Bell, who was born near York, Scotland. This worthy couple became the parents of five chiklren who reached adult age, John L. being the youngest of the family. He gained a liberal education in the public schools and supplemented the same by at- tending the Albany Normal School, of Al- bany, New York. He then ceased to be a pupil and became an instructor, follow- ing the profession of teaching for a num- ber of years. In 1871 he came to New Jersey and engaged to teach in Hoboken. From 1872 to 1882 he was employed as professor of mathematics in the high school of the city of Newark, and was recognized as one of the ablest educators that has been connected with the educational department of the city. In the meantime Mr. Johnson took up the studv of law and was admitted to the <■'■ ESSEX COUXTY. 65 bar. In 1883 he was appointed by Govern- or Ludlow to the office of associate judge of the court of common pleas, serving in that capacity for a term of five years, with strict impartiality and fairness. His su- perior knowledge of the elemental princi- ples of jurisprudence, as well as his accu- rate comprehension of the finer shades of meaning which are aften found in the law, eminently qualified him for judgeship. On his retirement from the bench he estab- lished an office in Newark, and his eminent abilities soon won him a distinctive clien- tele, which he has since retained. In 1872 Judge Johnson was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Alice, daughter of Stephen Personette, of French Huguenot descent. Two children were born to them, but one is now deceased. The mother of this family passed away in 1879, and in November, 1880, the Judge was again mar- ried, his second union being with Miss Alice L. Thornton, by whom he has one child, Maria J. Judge Johnson is a Knight Templar Mason and Past Master of St. John's Lodge, No. i, of Newark. He has a wide acquaintance in this city and in pro- fessional and social circles his many excel- lencies of character conunand high regard. HON. MARCUS L. WARD. Hon. Marcus L.- Ward, ex-governor of New Jersey, was born November 9, 181 2, in the city of Newark, where his paternal ancestors have resided since 1666. The Wards are of English stock, and their home was in Northamptonshire, where the rec- ords of the family may be found. Stephen Warde married Joice Traford. and after his death his widow, with some of their chil- dren, including John Ward, came to New ii— 5 England in 1630, and in 1635 settled at Wethersfield, Connecticut. John Ward came to Newark in 1666, in company with about thirty families, and these formed the first settlers on the shore of the Passaic, laying out the present city of Newark. A son of John Ward, of the same name, was shortly after married to Abigail Kitchell, the granddaughter of the Rev. Abraham Pierson, the pious and eloquent pastor of the settlers, in honor of whose birthplace in England the name of Newark was con- ferred upon this, his new home. From such a stock one might well expect an hon- ored progeny, and it is not too much to say that during seven generations this family have been distinguished by the highest qualities of integrity and personal honor. In early life Governor Ward entered into trade, in connection with his father, and soon became connected with the financial institutions and public enterprises of the city. His wise counsel, his prudent judg- ment, his unswerving integrity have been felt in their management and success; and thus he gained that confidence which he re- tained to the close of his life, through the passage of years, the virulence of party warfare, and through the strongest test, — that of public position and administrative responsibility. Governor Ward's political associations were with the Whig party, l:)Ut he was among the earliest to recog- nize the necessity of a stronger organiza- tion to curb the growing domination of the south. He supported Fremont and Dayton in the presidential campaign of 1856, but his attention was not seriously drawn to political subjects until the sum- mer of 1858. In that year the exciting con- test between slavery and freedom called him to Kansas, and while there he fully saw 66 ESSEX COUNTY. and appreciated the importance of the struggle going on in that territory. He gave, while there, his prudent counsels and generous contributions to the Free State party, and on his return to New Jersey he engaged warmly in the work of rousing public attention to the pending issue. At a time when party spirit was thoroughly aroused, and when constant misrepresenta- tions sought to confuse the public mind, his clear and unanswerable statements of fact were received with the confidence which his character always inspired. He was deep- ly interested in the political contest of the ensuing autumn, and none rejoiced more sincerely over the result in New Jersey, which secured a United States senator and an unbroken delegation in the house of representatives against the Lecompton fraud. In i860 the growing political influence of Governor Ward began to be felt and ac- knowledged, and he was unanimously chos- en a delegate to the Republican national convention, the proceedings of which cul- minated in the nomination of Abraham Lincoln. In the contest which ensued he bore his full part, and when the result was reached he felt amply repaid for all his exertions. He neither challenged nor sought to avoid the consequences of that success. When the signal was given for that revolt which had long been prepar- ing in the southern states, it found him ready for any services or sacrifices which were necessary to defend the right. He was neither discouraged by defeats nor unduly elated with transient successes, but his ef- forts were devoted to the suppression of the Rebellion and the preservation of the Union. At the outbreak of hostilities he led in a call for a public meeting to sustain the government. As the struggle in- creased in importance and drew into the ranks of the patriot army regiment after regiment of New Jersey troops. Governor Ward saw the necessity of sustaining the families of the volunteers during their ab- sence. Alone and unaided, he devised and carried out that system of relief the advan- tages of which were felt in every county of the state. The pay of the volunteer was collected at the camp and passed over to the wife and children at home; if killed or wounded, the pension was secured; and this continued until after the close of the war, without a charge of any nature upon these sacred funds. Hundreds and thou- sands of families were preserved from want and sufTering by this wise and considerate scheme, and of all the means devised to sustain the state in its patriotic efforts none were more potent than this. But his active efforts did not terminate here. It was through his efforts and in- fluence with the general government that a hospital for sick and wounded soldiers was established in Newark, and in view of his loyal action his name was bestowed upon it. Ward's Hospital became known as one of the best controlled institutions of the kind in the country. His sanitary ar- rangements were fully appreciated by those most competent to judge of them. In 1862 so strongly did his services im- press the Republicans of his state that he was unanimously nominated for governor, but in the absence of the loyal soldiers of the state in the field, and in the deep de- pression of that memorable year, he was defeated. This did not change his un- swerving loyalty nor affect in the slightest degree his constant and unwearied labors for the right. In 1864 he was a delegate at ESSEX COUNTY. 67 large to the Republican national conven- tion at Baltimore, which renominated Mr. Lincoln. In 1865 he again received the Republican nomination for governor, and after an un- usually exciting contest he was elected by a large majority. His administration was in all respects one of the best which New Jersey has known. His executive ability was fully demonstrated, and his honesty and fidelity were unquestioned. Every de- partment of the public service, so far as his influence could reach it, w^as economic- ally and faithfully administered. The laws passed by the legislature were carefully scanned, and pardons for criminal offenses were granted only when mercy could be safely united with justice. His appoint- ments to ofifice were widely approved, be- cause he regarded capability, honesty and worth as the basis for them. To his admin- istration New Jersey was deeply indebted for many important measures affecting the interests of the state. The present public- school act was passed upon his strong and urgent representations, and its advantages have been felt in the increased educational facilities of the state and the more thorough character of its schools. The riparian rights of the state were called by him to the attention of the legislature, and a com- mission secured, through which its large and valuable interests have been protected. His constant and persistent representations to the legislature, in his various messages, of the mismanagement of the state prison, under both political parties, contributed largely to the passage of an act removing it, as far as possible, from partisan govern- ment, and the result has been large sav- ings to the state. In 1S64 Governor Ward was placed upon the Republican national committee, and in 1866 he was chosen chairman. In this ca- pacity he made the preliminary arrange- ments for the national convention of 1868, which nominated General Grant for presi- dent of the United States. He took a de- cided part in the campaign which followed, and his services and efforts were fully ac- knowledged. During a few succeeding years Governor Ward lived in comparative retirement, but was frequently called to duties of a public character. He was the first president of the Newark Industrial Exposition, and by his efforts contributed largely to its suc- cess. The Soldiers' Home, of Newark, was originally established through his exer- tions, and as one of its managers and the treasurer he gave it constant and unwearied ser\ice. It seemed natural and proper that the man who, during the war, had protect- ed the interests and families of the loyal soldier, who had provided him with the care and attendance of a hospital when sick and wounded, should, when the war was over, still secure him, crippled and maimed, the comforts of a "Soldiers' Home." During the presidential campaign of 1872, Governor W^ard was nominated for congress by the Republicans of the sixth district of New Jersey, and was elected by over five thousand majority. Upon taking his seat in the house of representatives he was recognized as one of its most valuable members. He was placed on the commit- tee of foreign relations, where his influence was felt, and always in the direction of the public interests. Governor Ward made no pretensions to the role of a speaker, but on a- few occasions when he addressed the house he commanded its attention by clear- ly expressed views and the thorough hon- 68 ESSEX COUNTY. esty of his convictions. In 1874 Governor Ward was unanimously renominated for congress, but the condition of the country was unfavorable for success. Financial dis- aster disturbed all the marts of trade, and the large manufacturing district he repre- sented was most severely afifected. Thou- sands of laborers were unemployed, and the hope that a political change would re- turn prosperity influenced their action. The tidal wave which swept over the strongest Republican states submerged his district also, although, as usual, he stood the high- est on the Republican ticket. The confi- dence and attachment of the people were never shown more clearly than in the regret and disappointment which this defeat occa- sioned. After the expiration of his con- gressional term he was tendered by the president the important post of commis- sioner of Indian affairs, but it was declined, while fully appreciating the compliment thereby conveyed. The next ten years of Governor Ward's life were spent in attention to his private af- fairs, and in two trips to Europe, which gave him great and unalloyed pleasure. In the beginning of the year 1884 he seemed in excellent health, but in March he deter- mined on a trip to Florida with a portion of his family. While there he was subject to malarial influences, which developed in his system during his return, and detained him sick in Washington for a few days. He was, however, brought back to New- ark, where he had the advantage of the be.st of care and the highest medical skill, but all in vain; he expired on the 25th of April, 1884. The knowledge of his death was received by the conimunity in which he lived with universal sorrow. The minutes of the institutions with which he was con- nected show their appreciation of him, and that of the managers of the Soldiers' Home was a most eloquent tribute to the man. In 1840 he married Susan L. Morris, the daughter of John and Elizabeth Long- worth Morris. They had mourned the loss of children; but two sons remained, around whom centered their hopes and affections. His life was singularly free from dilificulties and anxieties. Accumulating by care and prudence a large fortune, his life was full of deeds of considerate charity, which have been as numerous as they have been blessed. Many a struggling artist has received from him the generous order which did not degrade the spirit, while relieving the necessity. His charities have frequently been pursued for j^ears, unknown to the world, the result of the native kind- ness of heart which characterized him. Few men ever brought to public duties a greater amount of conscientious principle. E\-ery public act was governed by that law of justice and of right which would stand the test of the closest scrutiny. Popular in the highest and purest sense of that term, he would not sacrifice his judgment or his convictions to the caprices of the multitude. His manners were unassuming and popu- lar, but he reached position because of the qualities which should command it. He preferred the true to the false, the substan- tial to the pretentious, and his life was one which may be studied by all who seek dis- tinction and success in public life. HENRY J. SCHAEDEL is a leading representative of the building interests of Newark, where as a contractor he has attained prominence among the business men of the city. In many respects ESSEX COUNTY. 69 his life is worthy of the highest commenda- tion, for lie has been the architect of his own fortunes as well; and enterprise, en- ergy, strong determination and capable management are the essential factors in his deserved prosperity. Thirty years have passed since he became identified with the building interests of Newark, years in which he has erected many of her best buildings and in which he has gained and retained the respect of his fellow townsmen by reason of his honorable dealing. Mr. Schaedel was born in Hessen, near Frankfurt-am-Main, Jnne 27, 1845, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Hauser) Schaedel. His father held a responsible position in a steam printing establishment and was an enterprising business man. His wife still survives him and is living with her son, Henry J. Schaedel, being now eighty years of age. She has three children, one of whom, Charles Schaedel, holds the re- sponsible position of superintendent of the Boston Rubber Company at Fells, Massa- chusetts. Henry J. Schaedel was educated in the fatherland, in a technical school, pursuing his literary studies in that institution, while in the daytime he worked in the shop, com- pleting a regular apprenticeship at the cab- inet-maker's trade. His apprenticeship cov- ered a period of four years, — from 1859 to 1863. Following the completion of his trade he remained in the land of his nativity for three years, during which time he had accumulated a small sum of money which was used in defraying the expenses of the voyage to America. Influenced by an uncle to come to America, where he believed bet- ter opportunities were afforded young men, he sailed from Frankfurt in September, 1866, and seventeen davs later landed at Castle Garden, New York city. Coming direct to Newark, he at once secured em- ployment at the carpenter's trade and for three years worked as a journeyman, in which time he managed to acquire a fair knowledge of the English language and also a small amount of capital. He then be- gan business on his own account, as a con- tractor, and gradually won a success that placed him among the substantial citizens of the community. As his financial re- sources increased he made investments in real estate, and when the financial panic of 1873-75 came, so much of his capital was thus in use that in order to meet the de- mands of the day he had to dispose of much of his property at a great sacrifice. He then ceased contracting for a time, and with his tool-chest went to Philadelphia, where he secured employment on the buildings then in process of construction for the Cen- tennial Exposition, and for a year his time was thus passed. He then returned to Newark and with the assistance of a kind friend, one of the well known business men of the city, he was enabled to buy a boarding-house and saloon, which he conducted through the succeeding six years, recovering in that time much of the amount that he had lost in the panic. In the meantime the building interests of Newark were again in a flour- ishing condition and he resumed operation as a contractor, which industry has received his attention continuously since. Many of the best structures of the city have been erected under his supervision, including the corset factory at the corner of High and Orange streets, the Turn Verein hall, the Saengerfest hall, Feigenspan's and the Es- sex County breweries and the Freie Zei- tung building, which he erected in 1873. ESSEX COUNTY. Also he has taken the contracts on many of the fine residences of the city, and has received a most liberal patronage, his faith- ful performance of his part of a contract and his uniform courtesy and honesty and his reliability securing him a large and con- stantly increasing trade. Mr. Schaedel entered upon the pleasures and duties of home life in Newark, Sep- tember lo, 1869, when was celebrated his marriage to Miss Ida. daughter of Joseph Stueble, of Baden. Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Schaedel have had the following children : Charles Henry, who married Lizzie Dry, and is a carpenter by vocation; Joseph, who is a paint merchant: John, a carpen- ter; August, who is an apprentice in the plumbing business; Edward, in the public school. In his political associations Mr. Schaedel is a Republican and at the earnest solicita- tion of friends became a candidate for al- derman in the sixth ward at the spring elec- tion of 1897. but was defeated. He is treasurer of the Boss Carpenters" Associa- tion, is president of the board of directors of the Beacon Street German and English school, is president and one of the organ- izers of the Improved Building & Loan As- sociation and a director of the German Building & Loan Association. Thus through his connection with the various building enterprises he has aided largely in the upbuilding and improvement of the city and has enabled many men in moderate cir- cumstances to gain homes where other- wise they could not do it. He is a public- spirited and progressive citizen and earn- estly co-operates in all measures that tend to the public welfare. He is a popular member of the Turn Verein and of the Ma- sonic fraternity, and has the high regard of all with whom he is brought in contact through business or social relations. J. H. L. CADMUS. In the seventeenth century the Cadmus family was founded in New Jersey and its representatives have since been prominent- ly and honorably connected with the de- velopment and progress of the state. Two brothers of the name emigrated from Hol- land at a very early period in the coloniza- tion of America and settled on the Jersey coast in Bergen county. The grand- father of our subject was Henry Cadmus, who was born in 1764 and was one of the colonists who resisted the oppression of the British government. Ijearing arms against that country until American independence was achieved. He was a deacon in the Dutch Reformed church, of Belleville, and was a leading and influential citizen of his day. His wife bore the maiden name of Letty McKeen, and was born in 1767. Abram H. Cadmus, the father of our sub- ject, was the eldest son of Henry and Letty Cadmus, and after arriving at years of ma- turity he wedded Mary Brown, by whom he had thirteen children, ten of whom reached years of maturity. He was also a deacon in the Dutch Reformed church, of Belleville, and when his country again became engaged in war with Great Britain, like his father, he went to its defense, serv- ing in the American army in 181 2-13. Three of his sons aided in the preservation of the Union during the civil war, James, the eld- est, and George, the youngest, being mem- bers of General Sickles' brigade, while Abraham enlisted in the Thirteenth New Jersey Infantry, all going to the front with- out receiving bounties. There were also ESSEX COUNTY. 71 several grandsons in the rebellion, among whom was Abram, the eldest son of James. He enlisted as a private at the beginning of hostilities, and served all through the war without being wounded, his meritorious conduct on the field of battle winning his promotion to the rank of captain. He was afterward killed by a stroke of lightning while working on a church in Nebraska. J. Henry Lafayette Cadmus was born July 24, 1824, and is the seventh son of Abram and Mary Cadmus. At the time of his birth the Marquis de La Fayette, who was visiting in this country, came on the packet Cadmus to celebrate the birth of his namesake. Mr. Cadmus is a worthy repre- sentative of this old and honored family that has not only been prominently con- nected with the development and progress of Essex county in days of peace, but has also furnished its loyal members to the nation in times of war. On the last pub- lished list of voters in Bloomfield there were thirty-four of the name of Cadmus, all ad- herents of the Republican party. CHARLES HEXRY WEEKS, of East Orange, was born in Hudson City, New Jersey, September 9. 1861 (and is a son of Frederick W. and Joeann (Brown) Weeks. The Weeks family is of English origin and for many generations its repre- sentatives were known as navigators. The father of our subject was born in New York city, where he acquired a good com- mon-school education and learned the trade of ship-calking, which he followed during the greater part of his business career, prin- cipally in the city of his birth. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Epis- copal church, and are people of the high- est respectability. In their family are three children: Charles Henry; Addie Eveline, a graduate of the New York schools, now employed as a stenographer in that city; and \\'illiam Herbert, also a graduate of the New York schools and assistant teller for the Holland Trust company, with which he has been connected for five years. Charles H. Weeks acquired his early education in the common schools and re- mained at his parental home until he had attained the age of twenty, when he secured a position as pilot on the East river. For twelve years he was employed in that capacity, and on the expiration of that period, in 1893, he formed a connection with the Crocker & Wheeler Electrical Company, entering the enameling depart- ment, of which he is now serving as fore- man. Well qualified for the position, he is discharging his duties with marked fidelity and promptness, and his careful oversight of the department adds not a little to the success of the concern. j\Ir. Weeks is a member in good standing of Council No. 162, Junior Order of Ameri- can ^Mechanics, at East Orange; of Coun- cil No. 33. Daughters of Liberty; also of Apex Lodge, Knights of Pythias, of East Orange, and the LTniform Rank of Knights of Pythias, of Newark. In his political views he is a Republican, and both he and his wife are consistent members of the ]\Iethodist Episcopal church. In Brooklyn, New York, on the 3d of January, 1882, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Weeks and Miss Jennie E. Wilson, a daughter of Albert A. and Hettie (Peer) ^^"ilson, both of English descent, her birth having occurred August 15, 1861. Their home has been blessed with the presence of two children : Florence May, born Janu- 7^ EiiHEX VOUTsTY. ary 14, 1884; and Hettie Peer, born March 16, 1887. MELANCTHON W. JENKINS. It would be difficult to find one who more fully exemplifies the American spirit of enterprise, progress and unfaltering per- sistence than this gentleman. The measure of man's success is not determined by the heights he happens to occupy, but by the distance between his present position and his starting point. Reckoned in this way, Mr. Jenkins has made a most creditable record, for he began business life in very limited circumstances and has steadily worked his way upward to the planes of affluence. He is now engaged in the man- ufacture of brushes in Cedar Grove, and is accounted one of the leading business men of the town. A native of Montclair, he was born Sep- tember 28, 1854. His grandfather lived in Essex county for many years, but spent his last days in Geneseo county. New York. His parents were Smith and Caroline (Jacobs) Jenkins, natives of New York.- During his early boyhood the father was bound out to a farmer in Short Hills, Essex county, and subsequently learned the shoe- maker's trade. For a short time he was in the charcoal business in Newark, and then removed to Montclair, erecting the first house on Park street. There he followed his trade of shoemaking, doing quite an extensive business. He married Catharine Wilty, and they became the parents of the following: Moses C, deceased: one who died in infancy; Harriet L., 01i\er S. and Charles W. For his second wife the father married Caroline Jacobs, and their children were Kinie, Anna R., Melancthon W., Hat- tie, John and W^illiam. Their father died April 6, 1886, and their mother in July, 1885. Melancthon W. Jenkins was reared and educated in Montclair, and early in life be- gan earning his own living, following various pursuits. He afterward learned the painters' trade, which he pursued for some time, when he removed to Verona and became keeper of the toll-gate for a year. His next service was as a clerk in a grocery store owned by Jacob Braino. and in the same capacity he served Charles Ogletree. He went to Newark as a sales- man, but not finding that work congenial, he came to Cedar Grove, and on the 13th of August, 1877, entered the employ of Jona- than B. Ward, a brush manufacturer, for whom he acted as traveling salesman, traveling extensively throughout New Jer- sey, New York and Connecticut. He con- tinued with that house until the factory was burned down, when he resolved to en- gage in business on his own account. He had but sixty dollars, but with undaunted energy and courage he began manufactur- ing Ijrushes, doing business under a tree. It was, of course, impossible for him to work- in wet weather, so he soon built a little shetl, and from that time on his busi- ness has prospered and increased in volume. He now has a well equipped establishment and employs about seven men. He manu- factures a general line of brushes, but makes a specialty of brushes for jute mills, hat factories and all kinds of machinery. His trade comes from adjoining states as well as New Jersey, and the business has assumed important proportions and brings to him a good income. Mr. Jenkins has served his township as connnitteeman, also treasurer in Caldwell HELANCTHON W. JZNKINS. ESSEX COUNTY. 73 township, and was one of the first elected to that office after the organization of Verona township. He is at present one of the members of the board of education. His public service has been niai^ked by the strictest fidelity to duty, and has won him the unqualified confidence of his fellow citizens. Fraternally Mr. Jenkins is a member of National Lodge, No. 102, I. O. O. F., and is also a member of the Junior Order of American Mechanics. In 1880 he wedded Miss Mary E., daughter of Jonathan B. and Martha (Dean) Ward. In their family are six children : Mabel W.. born May 26, 1881 ; Lillian ]\I., June 8, 1883: Edna I., Septem- ber I. 1885; Melancthon Warren, October 8, 1887; Edward S., January 18. 1889; and Martha C, June 19, 1897. OLIVER S. JENKINS, proprietor of the Roseviile bakery, was born in Newark, June 2/. 1835, and is a son of Smith and Catherine (Witty) Jen- kins. He was reared and educated in the city of his birth and in early life learned the trade of shoemaking with his father. He followed that pursuit until 1887. at which time he took charge of the bakery in Roseviile and has since conducted a profit- able business there, enjoying a large patronage. Mr. Jenkins in his early manhood was united in marriage to Miss Hannah Corby, who died, leaving one child, William E. For his second wife he chose Rachel Jacobus and by this union were born three children : Delia, Frank and James. The present wife of Mr. Jenkins bore the maiden name of Gertrude Burt, and was a daughter of John and Alida Burt. Her father belonged to one of the old Jersey families of Morris county, who furnished its representatives to the Colonial Army in the war of the Revolution. Three chil- dren have been born by the last marriage : Oliver L., born April 24, 1880; A. Irving, born April 6, 1885; and Eva G., born May 13, 1887. Prior to becoming the wife of Mr. Jen- kins, Gertrude Burt had also been previ- ously married. On the 26th of October, 1865, she became the wife of Charles Al- dred, of Somerville, and her son by that union is Frederick, who was born August 2, 1866, and is a traveling salesman living in Ohio. On the 17th of December, 1869, Mrs. Aldred w'as joined in wedlock to John William and they had two children : Rob- ert, who was born April 15. 1S71, and is a clerk for the Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany; and John H.. who was born Febru- ary 15, 1873, and has for ten years been a clerk in the Central Railroad office, his home being in Roseviile. After the death of Mr. William, his widow, now Mrs. Jen- kins, took charge of the bakery which had just been opened, very successfully con- ducting it and building tip an excellent trade. She is careful in management, of good executive ability and managed the enterprise, with success, until her last mar- riage. They now- have a large number of customers and their patronage is steadily and constantly increasing. 'Sir. Jenkins is a Democrat in his political belief, but has never sought or desired office, preferring to devote his energies to his business inter- ests. As a citizen he is true to all the duties that devolve upon him, and Roseviile numbers him among her worthy represen- tatives. 74 ESSEX COUNTY. MARCUS S. CRANE, of Caldwell, who devotes his energies to agricultural and milling pursuits, claims the distinction of being a direct descend- ant of Jasper Crane, one of the heroic little band of Puritans who. in search of religious freedom, braved the dangers of a voyage over an unknown sea, in order to have the right to worship God according to the dic- tates of their conscience in the forest of America. Landing on the bleak coast of New England, Jasper Crane made for him- self a home, and his descendants scattered throughout the New England colonies. The branch that located in Connecticut sent its representatives to New Jersey, and the family was thus founded in Essex coun- ty. The line of descent is traced down from Jasper Crane through Azariah, Na- thaniel. Noah, Samuel, Cyrus and Asher B. to Marcus S. Crane, the subject of this review. Samuel Crane, the great-grandfather, was born on the 29th of October, 1747, and died February 28, 181 1. In 1768 he was united in marriage to Mary Baldwin, daughter of John and Elizabeth Baldwin, who was born October 3, 1747, and died January 26, 1817. Their children were Caleb; Zenas; Dorcas, who married Tim- othy Crane: Cyrus; Betsy, who became the wife of ^ilatthias Canfield; Polly, wife of Samuel Harrison; and Major Nathaniel Crane. The grandfather. Colonel Cyrus Crane, was born October 2t,. 1779, and died November 17, 1827. His wife was in her maidenhood Hannah Crane, and by their marriage they became the parents of seven children. The oldest daughter, Dor- cas, became the wife of Demas Harrison, and the oldest son, Asher Crane, was born November 30, 1809, and was a prominent farmer, whose interest in public affairs was marked and commendable. He was at one time a member of the board of freeholders of Essex county, and also served on the town committee. In his political affilia- tion in early life he was a Whig, afterwards a Democrat, and joined the Republican party during the early part of the civil war. He held a membership in the Presbyterian church in Caldwell and served as trustee and elder therein. He was twice married, his first imion being with Eunice Baldwin, who died April 14, 1848. leaving a son, Cyrus B. Another son of this marriage, Joseph E., is now deceased. For his second wife Air. Crane chose Joanna Harrison, daughter of Samuel Harrison, and to them were born two children : Mary E.. deceased, and Marcus. The father died March 4, 1888, and his death was mourned through- out the community, for he was a worthy citizen, a faithful friend, a devoted husband and father and a consistent Christian gen- tleman. Marcus S. Crane was born on the old family homestead, April 21, 1853, and there spent his boyhood days, assisting in the labors of the farm and conning his lessons in the district school of the neighborhood. He supplemented his early educational privileges by study in the Newark Acade- my and then returned home, resuming the wcjrk of the farm, which he has since con- tinued. The land is under a high state of cultivation, the improvements are in keep- ing with those of the model farm, and the neat and thrifty appearance of the place well indicates his careful supervision. He has erected new and commodious buildings, and is methodical, systematic and pains- taking in his work. Since 1894 he has also ESSEX COUNTY. 75 carried on the lumber and milling business; having purchased of the other heirs their interest in the saw and grist mill built on the farm by Caleb Heatfield and sold by him to Samuel Crane about the time of the Revolution. He is a worthy successor of an honorable and honored ancestry, and his undertakings have been rewarded with that return commensurate with his great indus- try and untiring energy. Mr. Crane is an officer in the Caldwell Presbyterian church and a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. His deep interest in the public welfare is indicated by his advocacy and liberal sup- port of all measures for the puljlic good, and he is ranked among the valued citizens of the community. J. FRANK SMITH, a hat manufacturer of Orange, claims Con- necticut as the state of his nativity, his birth having occurred in Newtown, on the 27th of August, 1852. Tradition says that the family of which he is a representative was founded in America by three brothers, one of whom settled in Ridgefield, Con- necticut, the second in Ridgebury, same state; and the third in another part of that state. From the first descended those through whom J. Frank Smith traces his ancestry. The first of whom we have au- thentic record was Daniel Smith, the great- grandfather, who was born in Ridgefield, Connecticut, and there spent his entire life, following the occupations of farming and butchering. He married ]\Iiss Phoebe \MTitney, also a native of Ridgefield, and they became the parents of four sons and five daughters, as follows: Gamaliel: Daniel; Harry: Samuel; Phoebe, who became the wife of Orman Broadway; Lucy, who mar- ried William Clark; Eliza, who wedded Benjamin Seymour; Sarah, wife of Matthias Comstock; and Catherine, who married Daniel Shoals. Both Daniel Smith and his wife died in Ridgefield after attaining an advanced age, and their remains were in- terred in the family burying-grdund on the old homestead. Henry Smith, the grandfatlier of our sub- ject, was also a native of Ridgefield, fol- lowed agricultural pursuits for a livelihood, and with the exception of a few years spent in New York passed his entire life in Con- necticut. His children were : Sarah Esther, who is the widow of Charles ()lmstead, and resides on the old homestead at Ridgefield, Connecticut: William: Gamaliel, deceased; Henry; Samuel A., who was killed by a train at Kensico, New York, April 12, 1897; George C. and Daniel, both deceased; and Phoebe E., wife of Elisha Brown, a resident of Ridgefield, Connecticut. The grandfather died in his native town, De- cember 24. 1885, and his wife passed away many years previously, at the age of sixty- seven years. Henry Smith, the father of our subject, was also born in Ridgefield, his natal day being October 3, 1827. He spent his boy- hood days upon the homestead farm, and acquired a district-school education. When fifteen years of age he was apprenticed to learn the hatters' trade, which he has made his life occupation, having for thirty-three years engaged in manufacturing hats in Orange. He was married in Newtown, Connecticut, on the 13th of October, 185 1, to Miss Ann J. Crofutt, a daughter of Rus- sell and Ann (Peck) Crofutt. She was born in Newtown, November 7, 1832, and by her marriage has become the mother of five sons, namelv: John Frank, of this review; 76 ESSEX COUNTY. Edwin and Edward, who were twins, born at Newtown, November 21, 1853, but the former died in January, 1895; Charles H., born in Ridgefield, July 9. 1858; and Harry W., born in East Orange, July 4, 1873. The sons are all engaged in the manufac- ture of hats with the exception of Harry W., who is now an engineer on the Green- wood Lake Railroad. In his political views the father of this family is a stanch Repub- lican, and both he and his wife are members of the Bethel church, in which he is holding the office of deacon. J. Frank Smith was only a year old when his parents removed to Ridgefield, Con- necticut, and was a lad of teij summers when they came with their family to Orange, New Jersey. He acquired his ele- mentary education in the common schools of Ridgefield, continued his studies in the high school of Orange, and completed his education in a private school conducted by the Misses Robinson, \\4ien he laid aside his text-books he entered upon an appren- ticeship at the hat-maker's trade in the fac- tory of Porter & Crofutt, and after complet- ing his term of service he worked at his trade as a journe\-man for some years. For the past twenty years he has conducted business on his own account, and is regard- ed as one of the leading hat manufacturers in Orange. He is a man of keen discrim- ination, sound judgment and excellent business and executive ability, and these attributes of his character have contributed largely to his success. He has a plant sup- plied with the most improved machinery and equipments, and turns out an excellent grade of work. Mr. Smith was married on the 23d of September, 1873, to Miss Jane Hunter, wlio was born on Staten Island, New York, and is a daughter of Robert and Ellen Hunter. They now have three children: George H., born on Sunday, June 28, 1874; Frederick D., born Saturday, June 10, 1876: and Eva May, born Monday, Octo- ber 3, 1878. In public atTairs Mr. Smith takes an acti\e and leading part, and for four years efficiently and faithfully served as a mem- ber of the town council. He is a past master of Union Lodge, No. 11, F. & A. M., of Orange, and a member of Orange Chapter, No. 2T,. R.A. M. In his political faith he is a Republican. EDWARD S. WILDE, A. M., a lawyer residing at Glen Ridge, formerly a part of Bloonifield township, Essex coun- ty. New Jersey, is a representative of a well known New Jersey family. He was born on the family homestead in Bloomfield, December 30. 1838, being the only child of James and Eliza Cook (Cad- mus) ^\'ikle. James Wilde was a native of England, born in Yorkshire. August 14, 1793, and came to America when about thirty years of age: he died October 16, 1877. Eliza Cook Cadmus was born in Bloomfield, July 28, 1800, and died August 10, 1882: she was the only child and heir of Hermon Cadmus, a son of Thomas Cad- mus, who was a soldier in the war of the Revolution and held a colonel's commis- sion prior to the war. Hermon Cadmus was born in Bloomfield — then Wardsesson — December 7, 1774, and died ^larch 5, 1869. The maternal grandmother of our subject was Sarah Ward, a representative of the family of that name coming from Danbury, Connecticut, and settling at what is now Bloomfield : this patronymic gave then ESSEX COUNTY 77 the name to the place. She was born March 17, 1775. and died January 25, 1863. All the above-named ancestors of Mr. Wilde died in the homestead where he was born. A part of the homestead still stands on the northerly side of Park street at the junction of Bloomfield avenue, opposite Christ church. It was built by Colonel Cadmus for his son Hermon, in the year 1800, the title in the family going back to the reign of Oueen Anne. Edward S. Wilde, whose name stands at the head of this sketch, was reareil at the old iiomestead in Bloomfield township, re- ceiving his early education at Bloomfield and later entering Princeton College, of which noted institution he is a graduate with the class of 1861, having been a junior orator from Clio Hall in i860. On leaving college he took up the study of law, dili- gently pursued the same and in due time was admitted to the bar, his admission to practice liefore the supreme court at Trenton being in 1864. Immediately thereafter he bep^an the practice of his profession at Newark, New Jersey, and continued in active practice there until 1873. That year he turned his atten- tion to the settling up of his grandfather's estate and to looking after his own private business, being the owner of considerable valuable real estate, which came to him through his mother, and has since occupied his time chiefly in this way. Mr. Wilde owns a pleasant home with attractive sur- roundings, a part of the homestead prop- erty, on Ridgewood avenue and Wildwood Terrace. The opening of these and otlier avenues upon the family property and the fine improvements residting are due to him. Mr. Wilde was married June 15, 1864, to Miss Helen A. McComb, of New York city, daughter of John and Faimy (Gale) Mc- Comb. Mr. and Mrs. Wilde have had three children: James, deceased; Frances Gale and Helen A. In his political views Mr. Wilde harmonizes with the Democratic party. ROBERT CHESNEY, who is the owner of large greenhouses on Pompton turnpike, Verona townsliip, Essex count}-, was born in Wigtonshire, Scotland, March 30, 1842, and is the third in order of birth in the family of eight chil- dren of Hugh and Mary (Coburn) Chesney. To the public schools of his native land he is indebted for the educational advantages he received, and in that country he was also trained to the business of floriculture. However, on coming to the United States, in 1862, he took up the leather business in New York city and followed that pursuit for three years, but on the expiration of that period he resumed his labors as a florist and established an extensive business with large greenhouses between Kingsbridge and Enw'ood. For nearly twenty years he conducted his enterprise there and built up a very large and profitable business, but in 1884 he disposed of his plant by sale and transferred his interests to New Jersey, pur- chasing a tract of land and founding his present business in Verona township, Essex county. He has here thirty-five thousand s(|uare feet under glass, and requires the assistance of his three sons to carry on the business. His trade has steadily and con- stantly increased, and upon his place are found a very great variety of the beauties known to the floral world, including some of the finest specimens of floriculture that have ever been produced. He conducts a ESSEX COUNTY. store in Montclair, which is the center of floral attraction in the city, and disposes of much of his surplus stock in the New York markets. His understanding of the science of plant cultivation is most accurate and comprehensive, and the products of his greenhouses vie with any that are placed upon the market. Mr. Chesney was married in 1874, at En- wood, New York, to Miss Mary Kelly, and their children are: Robert; INIary, wife of George E. Taylor; Hugh, a bookkeeper, of Newark; and Eddie. The parents hold a membership in the Congregational church, and Mr. Chesney has served as school trustee. JOHN W. STASSE is a man whom to know is to respect and honor, for his life in all its varied relations has been marked by the utmost fidelity to duty and to principle. He is now ably fill- ing the position of assistant electrician of the East Orange fire department, and has the confidence and regard of all with whom he is thus associated. He was born in New York city on the 25th of May, 1855. and is a son of Fred- erick and Hannah (Hicks) Stasse, the lat- ter of Holland ancestry. The father was a son of Frederick and Annie Stasse, natives of Switzerland, in which country his birth also occurred. He came to America in 1850 and took up his residence in New York city, where he became largely inter- ested in the sale and exchange of real es- tate, and also dealt largely in real estate in the city of Brooklyn. He became prom- inently known in both cities, and by his well managed business afifairs accumulated a handsome competence, which enabled him to lav aside business cares and retire to private life in 1870, at which time he re- moved to Orange. Politically he was for- merly a. Democrat, but is now a stanch ad- vocate of Republican principles. His faith- ful wife died in 1875, at the age of thirty- seven years. She was an earnest Christian woman and held membership in the Ger- man Lutheran church. Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Stasse had nine children, two of whom died in early life, while the others are as follows: John \\'.; Barbara, wife of Leonard Spahn, by whom she has two children; Sophia, wife of Au- gustus Helwig, by whom she has three chil- dren; Annie, wife of George Helwig, and the mother of five children: Mamie, wife of Walter Helwig, and the mother of five chil- dren; Henry, who is married and resides in Irvington, and has one child; and Her- man, who is also married, and resides in Philadelphia, and has one child. John \y. Stasse acquired his early edu- cation in the schools of New York city. and remained under the parental roof until seventeen years of age, at which time he began to learn the hatter's trade in the fac- tory of Whiting and Dorn, of Orange. After completing a regular term of ap- prenticeship he pursued the trade until 1894, when he was appointed to his present position, as assistant electrician in the East Oranp-e fire department, by Mr. Thompson, president of the board. This is one of the most efficient fire departments in the state, and his own faithful and able service fully sustains this well merited reputation. He is a member of the Exempt Firemen's As- sociation of East Orange, and is now serv- ing as one of its trustees. Politically he is a Republican, content to support the party without seeking returns in the way of official preferment. ES8EX COUNTY. 79 Mr. Stasse was married January 7, 1872, to Miss Mary Youmans, a daughter of Charles and Catherine (Little) Youmans. They now have five children: Charles L.. Frank: Edward and Edith, twins, and John W. The daughter is now a student in the East Orange high school. The parents are both members of the Sanford Street Metho- dist Episcopal church, of which Mr. Stasse has been trustee for twelve years. He takes great interest in its work, and does all in his power for its advancement and growth. JOHN CAMPBELL, JR.. dealer in general hardware and house-fur- nishing goods at Nos. 149 and 151 Wash- ington avenue, Belleville, was born April 4, i860, in Belleville, his parents being John and Margaret (Wilson) Campbell. The father is a native of Staten Island, and the son of James Campbell, who was born in Scotland. John Campbell, Sr., first opened his eyes to the light of day March 16, 1834, and in his early youth learned the trade of wire-weaving according to the Fourdrinier process, and is still following that occupa- tion, being now associated with the Dewitt Wire Cloth Company, of Belleville. By his marriage to IMargaret Wilson he had five children: James, born August 2, 1857, married a daughter of William Bennett and resides in Belleville, where he is also en- gaged in wire-weaving: John is the second of the family; Jennie, born in October, 1863, married Archie Allen, of Washing- ton, New Jersey, and they have one son, John; Elizabeth, born in October, 1866, is the wife of John Morgan, of Philadelphia, an engineer for the Heller Manufacturing Company, and they have the following children: Elizabeth, Mary, John, Howard and ^Margaret ; and Catharine, born March 6, 1869, married Myron Cadmus, of Bloom- field, New Jersey, and they have three chil- dren, — ]\Iyra, James and John. The mother of these children died in the autumn of 1871, and John Campbell, Sr., was again married in 1882, his second union being with i\Iiss Ricarda Mawhis, of New York city. They now have four children, — Anna, William, May and Gertrude. In his native village the subject of this review pursued his education in the com- mon schools, and in early life started out to make his own wav in the world, following the trade which his father had learned in early manhood. He has been associated with the Dewitt \\'ire Cloth Company, of Belleville, for twenty-one years, and is now an enterprising and prosperous merchant of the city, conducting a large and well- equipped hardware store on \Vashington avenue, where he also carried a complete line of house-furnishing goods. Whatever success he has achieved in life is due en- tirely to his own etTorts. He is indus- trious, energetic and not easily discour- aged, and pressing forward resolutely to the goal of prosperity he has gathered many of the rich fruits of successful man- agement and earnest labor. Mr. Campbell was married May 21, 1885, to Mary E. Widmer, a daughter of Jacob Widmer, of Newark, who was one of the early German Settlers of that city. He was one of the founders of the German hospital there, also of Green's German school. He was successful in his undertaking, and for over thirty-seven years was in business at the corner of Commerce and Mulberry streets, Newark. Mrs. Campbell was born in Newark, May i, i860, and by her mar- riage has five children : Alvin Allen, born 8o ESSEX COUNTY. February 9, 1887; Ruth Widmer, born March 5, 1890; Leggett Charles, born June 15, 1892; Eleanor Wilson, born March 18, 1895; Mary Evelyn, born July 14. 1897. Mr. Campbell is a member of Boyden Council, No. 1356, Royal Arcanum, of Belleville. In politics he is an anient Re- publican, deeply interested in the growth and success of his party and the triumph of its issues, but is not active in local politics. In the year 1881 he was elected district clerk of Belleville township, and filled the ofhce in a most creditable manner. On the 1st of May, 1897, he was further honored by receiving the appointment of justice of the peace of Belleville. He is at all times an honorable, energetic young business man, and is in thorough sympathy with all enterprises that tend to elevate humanity. In 1892, through the instrumentality of Dr. William J. K. Leggett, Ph. D.. now of Nyack, New York, he espoused the Chris- tian faith and became a member of the Dutch Reformed church of Belleville. He has since been elected deacon and treasurer, and is also assistant Sunday-school superin- tendent. He is an ardent and zealous work- er in the church, and has also a high stand- ing in social as well as church circles. FREDERICK W. MASSMANN. a pniuiineiit florist of East Orange, was born in the province of Schleswig-Holstein. Germany, on the 3d of June. 1859, and is a son of William and Sophia (Vogt) Mass- mann. both of whom are deceased. The great-grandfather on the father's side was originally from Denmark, and came to Ger- many at an early date, and there William Massmann was born, in the province of Schleswig-Holstein, jjn the ist of August, 1825. He was reared, educated and spent his entire life in Germany, where he fol- lowed the occupation of painter and deco- rator until his death, in July. 1884. The maternal ancestors of our subject were of German stock, and Mrs. Massmann spent her entire life in the fatherland, dying there in 1864. To this worthy couple were born six children, of whom the following record is given : Frederick, who died in the Ger- man army at the age of twenty-four; Carl, who resides in Segeberg, province of Schleswig-Holstein. and conducts the busi- ness formerly carried on by his father; Frederick W., our subject; Herman, who resides in Athens, near Nordenham, Gros- herzogsthum Oldenburg; Emma, who is the wife of Frederick Gosch and resides in Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein; and Frieda, the wife of Frederick Dencker, a school-teach- er. \\illiam Massmann. the father, was an officer in the German army and served with distinction during the war of 1848, between Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Frederick W. Massmann was educated in the excellent public schools of his native land, after leaving which his great admira- tion for nature determined him to embark in the occupation of florist, and as such he was engaged in various parts of Germany, subsequently spending two years in France and two vears in England, leaving London in 1886 to come to the LInited States. L'pon his arrival in this country he located at Irvington, New York, where for two years he was in charge of Jay Gould's fruit and orchid conservatories. In 1888 he made a journey to South America for the purpose of collecting orchids, subsequently making five other trips with the same ob- ject in view, and the orchids thus procured were brought north and sold in the New FREDERICK W. MASSMAN. ESSEX COUNTY. 8i York markets. During one of these trips Mr. IMassniann was fortunate in discover- ing a very rare specimen — the only one of its kind in the world, so far as is known — and this plant is now owned by Henry Graves, of Orange, who has refused the ex- traordinary sum of three thousand dollars for it ! In 1892 Mr. Massmann went to the Himalaya mountains, in India, for more va- rieties of this beautiful flower, and returned a year later with some very rare specimens. He then located in Newtown, now Elm- hurst, Long Island, and in connection with I, Forsterman, carried on an extensive flori- culture trade until Xoveml)er, 1893, when the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Massmann removed to East Orange and there established his present business. The marriage of our subject was consum- mated on November 25, 1893, when he was united to Mrs. Lena Mau. widow of Freder- ick Man, and to Mr. and Mrs. Massmann has been born one son, William Carl Henry. By her former marriage Mrs. Massmann had three children, Hettie, Alargaret and Frieda. Socially, Mr. Massmann is a blaster Mason in Union Lodge, No. 1 1 , Free and Accepted Masons, of Orange; the New Jersey Horticultural Society; and the Schwaebischer Volksfest Verein, of Brook- lyn, New York. In his religious faith he is an attendant of the Central Presbyterian church, of Orange. BENJAMIN SOMMERS CROFUTT, for some years-prominently connected with the manufacturing interests of Orange, was born in Newtown, Connecticut, April 13, 1830, and is a son of Russell and Ann (Peck) Crofutt, the latter a daughter of Gideon Peck, a resident of the Nutmeg state. Russell Crofutt was a son of Samuel Crofutt, a resident of Stratford, Connecti- cut, who followed navigating on the Con- necticut rivers during a large portion of his lifetime. In his early manhood Russell Crofutt learned the hatters' trade at Newtown, Con- necticut, and made it his life work. His death occurred at that place, when he had arrived at the age of eighty-five years, and his remains were interred in the old family burying-ground at Newtown. Henever rode on a railroad train during his entire life! His brother Samuel took only one rail- way journey, and that was in his later man- hood. He started to visit his daughter in New York, and in a collision between two trains lost his life! In 1888 Martha Jane Crofutt, a sister of our subject, while walk- ing upon the railroad tracks of the Erie road during a blizzard in Orange, was run over by a locomotive, and a cousin of the family was also killed by a train in Milford, Connecticut ! The children of Russell Cro- futt, {\ye in mmiber, were as follows: Ben- jamin S.; Ann Jeanette, wife of Henry Smith, of Orange; Lydia Ann, wife of Norah Sherwood, of Reading, Connecticut; Susan E., wife of George O. Smith, of Orange, by whom she has three sons, — Henry R., Charles and Wallace; and Martha Jane, mentioned above. Benjamin Sommers Crofutt acquired his education in Newtown, Connecticut, and in early manhood learned the hatters' trade, which he pursued in New England until 1856, when he came to Orange and estab- lished a successful business here in the same line. He established the firm of Porter, Crofutt & Hodgkinson, and for a number of years did a good business in the line of manufacturing hats. 82 ESSEX COUNTY. Mr. Crofutt was married in Newtown, Fairfield county, Connecticut, to Miss Car- oline Amelia Moorehouse, daughter of George and Dehlia (Johnson) Moorehouse. One son was born of this union, George Benjamin, October 20, 1864. Mrs. Cro- futt's maternal grandparents were Abraham and Sarah (Briscoe) Johnson, and her pa- ternal grandparents were Aaron and Urana (Starr) Moorehouse, of English ancestry. The early progenitors of the Moorehouse family made their first settlement in Ameri- ca at Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1640. This was Thomas Moorehouse, and he was one of the original twenty-nine settlers who located there and purchased the ground from the New Haven colony that had pre- viously bought it from the Indians for one hundred bushels of corn. The descendants of Thomas Moorehouse are now found in Elizabeth, Paterson, Newark and other points in New Jersey. JACOB KIERSTEAD, for mail}- years an honored citizen of Franklin, was born in Little Falls, Passaic county. New Jersey, November 6, 1833, and is a son of Major Isaac and Mary (Vreeland) Kierstead. His father was born May 24, 1795, served in the war of 181 2 and was mustered out with the rank of major. He lived to be more than four- score years of age, and reared a family of seven children. In his youth Jacob Kierstead removed to Brookdale, Essex county, and thence to Franklin. He learned the carpenter's trade, but did not long pursue that occupation. Later he engaged in the contracting and draying business, and for a long time did the hauling for the Stitt & Underbill Manu- facturing Company, in Franklin, and later was connected in the same way with the firm of A. T. Stewart & Company until 1875, when he established the coal yards at Franklin, on the Erie Railroad. He estab- lished a reputation for integrity that was indeed enviable. His charities were many and unostentatious; no one knew of them except the recipient, yet no one in need ever went to Jacob Kierstead who did not receive help, and many times it was done when it resulted in his own inconvenience. Mr. Kierstead was alwa}-s active in the political development of the township. He was a niemljer of the citizens' committee that visited Trenton to advocate the separa- tion from Belleville, and was a member of the first township committee. He served several years as assessor and was four times elected freeholder, which position he held at the time of his death, which occurred March 19, 1895. For ten years prior to his demise he was the recognized leader of the Republicans in Franklin, and during that period was continuously their repre- sentative in the county committee, serving during the greater part of the time as a member of the executive committee. He was fearless in defense of his principles, and open in his opposition to the Democracy. A local paper said of Mr. Kierstead : "As a neighijor and friend he was the best. He had a wider acquaintance than fell to the lot of most men, and he was a friend to ever\- one. No matter how lowly was a man's position he had a good word for him, and was ready to encourage and aid him. In his death Franklin has lost her leading citizen, foremost in all that went to forward her prosperity. He was one of the organ- izers of and actiAe workers in the Building & Loan Association, that great help to the ESSEX COUNTY. 83 advancement of the township. In all things looking to the development of Franklin he found his place. He was a charter member of Granite Council. O. U. F., of the Franklin Club, now the Nutley Athletic Club, and was one of the organ- izers of the Yauticaw Improvement As- sociation, and in all was active up to the time of his death. He will be missed in all our councils and meetings, and his place will be hard to fill. He left behind him the most enviable of qualities — an unsullied character and an untarnished name." Mr. Kierstead was married at Stone House Plains, in Bloomfield township, De- cember 24. 1855. to Eliza E. Post, a daugh- ter of Abram and Anna Post, both of whom were born in Bloomfield township, Essex county. Mr. and Mrs. Kierstead were the parents of three children, all sons. — Wilson G., Jesse R. and Charles H., — who since their father's death have continued the coal, wood and ice business, in the name of Jacob Kierstead's Sons. WILLIAM HEMMER, deceased, was long and prominently con- nected with the industrial interests of Es- sex county and established one of the larg- est office and library furniture manufactor- ies in this section of the state. He pos- sessed superior business ability, keen dis- cernment and sound judgment, and his well directed efforts brought to him a hand- some competence. He came to America with little capital and from a humble be- ginning worked his way steadily upward to success. He was born in the ortschaft of Neu- kirchen.an old village situated nearKaisers- lautern. in the Rhine-Pfaltz. of Bavaria, Germany, May 29. 1810. His parents were Johannis and Magdalena (Wildanger) Hemmer. The former, a blacksmith by trade, followed his chosen vocation in the ancient town of Neukirchen and was a skillful and ingenious mechanic, a thor- ough master of his trade. He was born at Frehner Hof. the ancestral home of his family, and died at the ripe old age of seventy-five years. His faithful wife sur- vived him about three years and was seventy-five years old at the time of her demise. Both were of the Roman Catholic faith. This worthy couple had fifteen children, of whom John Adam. Sebastian, Christian and William all came to America. Sebas- tian crossed the Atlantic about 1833, tak- ing passage on a French sailing vessel. He is known to have landed at New York and to have taken passage on the same vessel on her return trip to Europe, but after sail- ing from New York no news was ever re- ceived from him. His two brothers came to America soon after, landing in the me- tropolis, where they remained for a short time and then came to Newark, where they spent their remaining days. Both married and reared families. William Hemmer. whose name begins this article, was educated in the schools of his native town, according to the laws of his native land pursuing his studies be- tween the ages of six and fourteen years. He was then apprenticed to learn the cab- inet-maker's trade in Kaiserslautern. and during his four years' term became very proficient, acquiring an excellent knowl- edge of the business. He then started out in life on his own account and tra\-eled through the southern states of Germany and the countries of southern Europe, vis- iting the principal cities of the continent. 84 ESSEX COUNTY. wherein he worked as a journeyman. Be- fore attaining his majority he returned to the place of his nativity and soon after was drafted into the militan,- service, becoming a member of the Ninth Bavarian Infantry. After having served for three years he de- cided to hire a substitute to fill out his en- tire term of six years, in order that he might resume work at his trade, and accordingly he paid the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars for a substitute, to obtain his re- lease. In 1835 Mr. Hemmer was united in mar- riage to Miss Apollonia Schall, who was born in the village of Heiligenstein, situated in Rhenish Bavaria, July 4, 181 7, and was an only daughter of John and Magdalena Schall, who had six sons, all older than the daughter. Mr. Hemmer began his do- mestic life in Heiligenstein, about three miles distant from the celebrated city of Speier, on the Rhine, and there worked at his trade until 1842. when he removed his business to the old fortified city of Germer- sheim, where he conducted a successful en- terprise and became prominently known as a contractor and builder. He was exten- sively engaged in contract work for the gov- ernment, frequently employing fifty or more men. and in this way he became prom- inently associated in social. business and po- litical circles with some of the leading men of the kingdom located at Germersheim. During the political uprising throughout the central German states, which precipi- tated the revolution of 1848-9. he allied himself with the people who were striving to establish a more democratic form of gov- ernment and do away with some of the extravagances of the royal family who in this way had done much to deplete the pub- He treasurv. It was also the wish of the revolutionists to ultimately consolidate the German states tmder one head and one government, but the time seemed not yet ripe for this movement and history tells of the disastrous defeat which followed the war. causing great loss of life on both sides. Mr. Hemmer's support of the defeated army led to the loss of his position; many of his one-time friends turned against him through the stress of party feeling, and rather than humble himself to ask for his position again and a renewal of the old friendship of his former associates, he de- cided to come to America. Accordingly, in November, 1849, he left his home and made his way to Antwerp, where he took passage on the barque Cotton Planter, which after a voyage of forty-seven days dropped anchor in the harbor of New York, January 13, 1850. When his old associates found that he had gone they expressed great regret, for all acknowledged his fidel- ity to the duties which had been entrusted to him and noted his very efficient ser- vices. On reaching this country Mr. Hemmer at once sought employment at his trade and his excellent workmanship enabled him to command high wages. Becoming con- vinced that the advantages here afiforded were superior to those of the Old World, he sent for his family to join him, and his wife and five children accordingly sailed from Havre. France, on the ship La Duchesse d'Orleans. which crossed the At- lantic in thirty-two days, reaching New York November i. 1850. Mr. Hemmer settled with his family in that city and en- gaged in business on his own account at No. 375 Madison street, where he met with gratifying success until i860, when he re- moved to Newark. Here he purchased ESSEX COUNTY. the land at Nos. 29 and 31 West Parker street, erected thereon a substantial plant, and began the manufacture of desks and office furniture. He made his own designs and styles and perfected a model for an office desk, which he later patented and manufactured exclusively for his own trade. In his new enterprise he met with the satis- factory results which always follow well directed and honorable efforts. Mr. Hemmer's labors, however, were in- terrupted in 1 861, for his spirit of patriot- ism would not let him remain quietly at home when his adopted country was in the throes of civil war, and on the 23th of x\u- gust, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, First Regiment of New York Volunteer Engin- eers, under Colonel Edward W. Serrell. He participated in the campaign until Novem- ber 23, 1863, when he was discharged at Folly Island by reason of physical disability. Returning then to Newark, and after he had regained his health, he resumed busi- ness and met with splendid success, his trade constantly increasing until it had assumed very extensive proportions. He continued to operate the factory on Parker street until October 7, 1870, when he re- moved to the site of the present commo- dious factory, now operated by his sons, on Bloomfield avenue and Morris canal. The first building erected consisted of the wing on the north side of the main building, and here he began to use steam power in the manufacture of his wares. Year after year the volume of the business increased, and he was compelled to enlarge the plant in order to meet the growing demands of his trade. A handsome financial return crowned his efforts and he continued in active business until his death, which oc- curred January 17, 1881. He was a skill- ful and ingenious mechanic, persevering and energetic in all his undertakings, just and conscientious in all his business tran- sactions. He won the respect and esteem of all with whom he came in contact and his loss was mourned throughout the com- munity. Mr. Hemmer was a very charitable and benevolent man and no worthy person was ever turned from his door empty-handed. He contributed liberally to church and charitable enterprises and was a devout member of St. Augustine's church, Roman Catholic. In politics he never swerved from the Democratic principles as laid down by Jefferson, and was always a stanch advo- cate of his party. His wife, who was also a communicant of St. Augustine's church, survived him a number of years and passed away on the 31st of July, 1883. The following is the record of the chil- dren of Mr. and Mrs. Hemmer: Peter, the eldest child, born April 12, 1837, died in early life. Frederick, whose sketch appears else- where. Peter Hemmer,the third child of William and Apollonia Hemmer, was bom February 19, 1841, and married Magdalene Stroe- bert, a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Ebert) Stroebert, who was born in New- ark November 16, 1844; and this union has been blessed with the following children: John Peter (ist), born April 26, 1867, and died September 13, 1875; Magdalene (ist), born November 29, 1868, and died .Sep- tember 10, 1869; Magdalene (2d), bom September 16, 1870; Anna, born Novem- ber 15, 1872, and died in November, 1877; William, born December 21, 1874, and died in 1880; Peter J., born January 29, 1876, and died the same year; Frank J., born 86 ESSEX COUNTY. June 29, 1878; John Peter (2d), born Sep- tember 20, 1880; William H., born May 9, 1883; and Frederick A., born January 29, 1885. The father of these children was one of the "boys in blue," having enlisted on Sep- tember 30, 1861, in Company C. First Regiment of New York Volunteer En- gineers, and was promoted to the rank of corporal for meritorious and faithful ser- vice, and he was honorably discharged at New York city, October 13. 1864. Max Hemmer, the fourth of the family, usually known as Maurice, was born at Germersheim, Germany, August 11, 1843, and married Matilda Burgmeier, a daugh- ter of Joseph and Margaretta (Saxer) Burg- meier, by whom he has two children : Maxi- millian Joseph, bom October 6, 1882; and Matilda Margaretta. March 18. 1885. The parents of Mrs. Alax Hemmer were both natives of Germany, but were married in New York, where they resided for some time, but on account of ill health Mr. Burg- meier returned with his family to his na- tive land and died in the ortschaft of Og- gersheim. in Wurtemberg. His widow afterward married Peter Hemmer, by whom she had three children, namely : Frank, who died at the age of five years; Peter, who married Annie Schmeckenbeck- er and resides in Brooklyn. New York; and Elizabeth, who died in infancy. The chil- dren of her first marriage are Louis, who married Caroline Schalter and resides in Brooklyn. New York; Otto, who died at the age of twenty-three years; Sophia and Lena, who died in early childhood; and Mrs. Max Hemmer. August, the fifth child of William Hem- mer. was born December 23. 1845. ^"^ died November 18. i8!;i, in New York citv. Anna IMaria. the sixth, was born May 10, 1848. at Germersheim, was married No- vember 25, 1867, to Joseph Abendschoen, and to them were born the following named ; Joseph, who was born September 5, 1868, and died July 8, 1874; Annie, who was born May 6. 1870. and is now Mrs. Aloise Kramer; Marv. who was born June 17, 1872, and died May 30, 1874; William, who was born June 2, 1874, and married Rosa Haasenfutter; Julia, born June 6. 1876; Frank Joseph, born Septem- ber 23. 1880; Lawrence Edward, born Au- gust II. 1884; Peter Paul, who was born January 24, i88g. and died September 10. 1891 ; and Aloise Peter, born August 20, 1895. _ Maria Magdalena. the seventh member of the family, was born January i, 1852, in New York city, and died in September, 1883. She became the wife of John Schu- macher, and had three children, — Magda- lena, Anna and Matilda. William, the eighth member of the Hem- mer family, was born February 3. 1855. in New York city, and was married in St. Peter's church. Roman Catholic, in Newark, June 19, 1883. to Elizabeth Nigel, who was born April 9, 1864, a daughter of George and Magdalena (Holdenried) Nigel. They have five children, namely: Louisa Elizabeth, born July 20, 1884; Magdalena Elizabeth, born .\pril 8. 1886; William Peter, born October 18. 1887; Amelia Apollonia. born January 16. 1890; and Marie Theresa, born July 19. 1892. Frank, the youngest member of the Hemmer family, was born September 10, 1857, in New York city, and was married in St. Mary's church of the Immaculate Con- ception in New York city. November 25. ESSEX COUNTY. 87 1884. to }iliss Louisa Freese, who was born December 21, 1864. in New York city, and is a daughter of John and Catharina (Lan- zer) Freese. They have seven children, as follows: Catharina. born November 7, 1885; Frank William, born April 6, 1887; Louise Theresa, born July 31, 1888; Martha Frances, born August 12, 1890, and died on the 6th of November following; Blanche Barbara, born November 28, 1892; John Louis, born April 3, 1894; and Bertha Anna, born September 11, 1896. This family was represented in the civil war not alone by the father, for two sons, as well, "donned the blue"' and went forth to the defense of their country. Peter en- listed September 30, 1861, in Company C, First Regiment of New York Volunteer Engineers, and was promoted to the rank of corporal for meritorious and faithful ser- vice. IMaurice Hemmer enlisted at the same time as his father. — August 25, 1861, — becoming a drummer boy in the same company to which his brother belonged, and both served until October 13. 1864, when they were honorably discharged in New York city. Thev then returned home and entered their father's employ. Each of the sons had acquired a thor- ough knowledge of the business under the direction of their father, and on his death they succeeded to the ownershij). They have a very large and splendidly equipped plant and theirs is one of the leading in- dustrial concerns in the city. In 1885 they were forced to increase their facilities in order to meet the demands of the trade, and their output of office and library furni- ture is very extensive, comprising all kinds from the simple in design and inexpensive to the most elaborate and beautiful. In 1882 they invented and perfected an auto- matic combination lock, which they use ex- clusively on the desks which they manu- facture. The Hemmer brothers are all men of well known business powers and reliability, and the house sustains a reputation in trade circles that is in- deed enviable. Their policy with their patrons and with their employes is most honorable and commends them to the confidence and the business sup- port of all. The familj' name is honor- ably connected with the business and so- cial interests of Newark, and this work would be incomplete without the record of the familv. JAMES GILLLVM OSBORNE, deceased, was born in Richmond, Virginia, and was a son of Charles F. Osborne, a representative of one of the okl and hon- ored families of that state. In ante-bellum days. Mr. Osborne, Senior, brought his family to the north, locating in New York city, where he was prominent in the Church of the Holy Communion, and tilled the office of Senior Warden. James G. Osborne was educated at Columbia College, where he pursued the study of law, which he afterwards practiced for several years in New York city. He then abandoned the law. and turned his at- tention to the tobacco trade, which he car- ried on with most excellent success, secur- ing a custom which made the enterprise a very profitable one. Forty years ago he removed to South Orange, where his father purchased the present home of the family, "Ashford." He afterwards made many improvements there, and transformed the place into one of the most beautiful residences in this sec- 88 ESSEX COUNTY. tion of the county, adorned in a most taste- ful way, while the furnishings of the house indicate a refined and cultured taste. Mr. Osborne married Miss Alice Clop- ton Terry, daughter of the Rev. Mr. Terry, also of an old and well-known Virginia family. Two children were born to them, namely : Alice Harrison and Mary Gilliam. Mr. Osborne was an influential and gen- erous member in the church which his father founded in South Orange, also called the "Church of the Holy Communion," and served there as Junior Warden for many years. He was a member of several secret societies connected with the colleges, and was popular with all by reason of his kindly, sympathetic spirit, generous, frank nature and engaging manner. He died in 1889. DAVID AUSTEN RYERSON, who for more than a quarter of a century has maintained a distinguished place at the bar of Newark, is one of the most compe- tent and able lawyers in Essex county. Well versed in the science of jurisprudence, strong in argument, logical in his reason- ing, he prepares his cases with the utmost thoroughness and exactness and provides for every possible contingency. To his po- sition of eminence he has attained by earn- est effort, for in the law more than in any other profession advancement depends upon individual merit. Mr. Ryerson was born in Pompton, Pas- saic county, New Jersey, a son of Peter M. and Mary A. Ryerson. He is of Huguenot descent, his ancestors coming from Holland at a very early date and locating in the vi- cinity of New York city, whence they re- moved to New Jersey in the early part of the eighteenth century. The subject of this review, having acquired his prelimi- nary education in private schools, was grad- uated at Rutgers College in the class of 1858, and then took up the study of law under the direction of John Whitehead, Esq., of Newark. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney, in June, 1 86 1, and began active practice in Newark, but his legal career was interrupted by his military service. Prompted by a spirit of patriotism to defend his country in her hour of trial, he enlisted in August, 1862, and raised Com- pany C of the Thirteenth New Jersey Vol- unteer Infantry, of which he was commis- sioned captain on the 25th of Avigust. His regiment was attached to the Third Bri- gade, First Division. Twelfth Army Corps, and subsequently to the Second Brigade, First Division, Twentieth Army Corps, and on the 5th of April. 1864, he was promoted to the rank of major. He was detailed as judge advocate of court martial of the First Division, Twentieth Army Corps, in Ten- nessee, and also as judge advocate of a military commission during the winter of J 863-4. and was brevetted lieutenant-colo- nel and colonel. March 13, 1865, for gal- lant and meritorious services during the war. He participated in a number of im- portant engagements, including the battle of South Mountain, Maryland, September 14, and Antietam, same state, September 17. 1862; Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 1-3, and Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the 2d and 3d of July, 1863, being wounded on the latter day; Rocky Face Ridge, Georgia, May 8-1 1 ; Resaca. Georgia, May 15; Cass- ville, Georgia, May 16; Dallas. Georgia, May 25; Pine Knob, Georgia. June 16; Kulp's Farm, Georgia, June 22; and Kene- saw mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. On ESSEX COUNTY. 89 the i6th of July, 1864. he resigned and returned home. Mr. Ryerson resumed the practice of law in Newark and in 1871 was licensed to practice as a counselor. He served for several years as city attorney of Newark. His knowledge of the science of jurispru- dence is accurate and extensive, and his clientage is large and of a very important character. His strong mentality, his clear insight and his ready mastery of the intri- cate points of a case give him a strength before court or jury that is much to be de- sired. On the 27th of November, 1883, Mr. Ryerson was united in marriage to Miss Mary Mcllvaine Brown, a daughter of James and Eliza (Mcllvaine) Brown, of Philadelphia. His social qualities and ster- ling worth make him a popular citizen and he is highly esteemed by all classes. CORNELIUS SMITH, a prominent dealer in flour, feed and grain in Newark, was born at Mount Horeb. Somerset county. New Jersey, on the ist of March, 1844, and is a son of William and Harriet (Coddington) Smith, the former of whom was born in New Jersey, a descend- ant of Anglo-Saxon stock. His education was acquired in the district schools, and upon attaining his majority he chose farm- ing as his occupation, which he followed most of his life in Somerset county. He was a just and conscientious man, a good citizen, always taking an active part in local affairs, and he served in the various offices of his township. Politically he was at one time a Whig, but after the formation of the Republican party he became one of its most ardent supporters and still main- tains a deep interest in its welfare. He is living at the present writing (189S), having reached the venerable age of eighty-seven years. His wife, who was born in 1808, a daughter of John and Mary (Coon) Cod- dington, was a consistent Christian and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. She was known to have been a most charitable woman, aiding the poor of her neighborhood on numerous occasions, and her death, which occurred on the 28th of March, 1887, was sincerely mourned by those who had enjoyed her generous hos- pitality as well as by a large number of friends. Mr. and Mrs. Smith were the par- ents of the following children : Catherine, who married Manning Titus and now re- sides in Jersey City : her husband (de- ceased) left four children, — Keziah, Joshua, Cassie and Manning, the latter of whom died in 1882; Mary L. is now deceased : she married Joshua G. Slocum, and they re- sided in Newark, and had two children, — Walter W. and De Witt T.; John C. mar- ried Miss Louisa French and they are liv- ing in Newark, and have one daughter, Laura: William, Jr., married Miss Mary Lawler and they are residing at Burlin- game, Kansas, where their children com- prise the following : Myra, Jennie, Fanny and Salis; Harriet became the wife of Sam- uel Edmunds and they live ■ in Somerset county. New Jersey; Sarah Jane married Bergen Huff, of Newark, their children be- ing William B., Hattie M., Dudley B., Julia E. and Charles L. ; George W. mailed Miss Mary K. Schott, and they also live in Somerset county, with their four children, Frederick, George, Bertha and Warren; Cornelius, our subject; Silas O., who mar- ried Miss Elizabeth Skinner, and resides in Newark, their children being Daisy, Nor- 90 ESSEX COUNTY. wood, Lester, Avery and Ethel ; Albert C. married Miss Clara Moore, moved to Ches- ter, New Jersey, and has two children, Howard and Mabel. Cornelius Smith received a common- school education and remained under the parental roof until he was sixteen years old, when he engaged in farming and milling at Bedminster Mills, Somerset county. After the declaration of war young Smith, filled with a spirit of patriotism, enlisted in Com])any E, Thirtieth New Jersey Vol- unteer Infantry, under Captain C. T. Cox, and served nine months, participating in the battles of Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg and others. After completing his term of enlistment he was discharged in Virginia and returned home, where he remained but a short time and then went west, locating in Illinois, where he engaged in farming. After a year thus employed he returned to Somerset county and embarked in the mer- cantile business for one year, was then em- ployed as bookkeeper, collector and sales- man for his brother, John C, in the grain and commission business, and remained in that capacity for a period of ten years, when he entered the flour, feed and grain trade on his own responsibility, his place being located on Plane street, Newark, New Jer- sey. In 1895 he established himself in the large and commodious warehouses on Fourteenth street, where he has since re- mained, and he has met with pronounced success in this line of enterprise. He is a self-made man in the strongest sense of the term, and mav be classed among the pros- ])erous and enterprising Ijusiness men of Newark. Socially he is a member of Lin- coln Post, No. II, Grand Army of the Re- public, and of the North End Club. Mr. Smith was married at Newark, in 1868, to Miss Mary A. Luke, a daughter of Charles Henry Luke. The mother of Mrs. Smith died while she (the former) was yet an infant. The following children have re- sulted from this union : Charles Harold, who is a graduate of Miller's (New Jersey) Business College; Ada Z., who is a gradu- ate of the Penington Seminary; Halsey El- wood, who is likewise a graduate of Miller's Business College. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are faithful adherents of the Halsey Street Methodist Episcopal church, which the children also attend. HENRY J. STRUCK, deceased, was a worthy and respected citi- zen of the Orange Valley, where he con- ducted a successful grocery business. He was a native of the old town of Burg, situ- ated -on the island of Fehmarn and belong- ing to the province of Schieswig-Holstein, Germany, his birth occurring June 13, 1847. His father, John Struck, lost his parents during his childhood. During his early manhood days he learned the tailor's trade, which he made his life work. He married Miss Gertrude Beyer, a daughter of Matthew and Gertrude Beyer, both na- tives of Schieswig-Holstein. Mr. and Mrs. Struck were worthy Christian people, hold- ing a membership with the Lutheran church. Henry J. Struck, whose name introduces this memoir, acquired a common-school education and remained in his native town until fifteen years of age, when he decided to come to America, believing that the op- portunities here were more favorable for rapid advancement in business life. Ac- cordingly he bade adieu to friends and fatherland and sailed for New York. He ESSEX COUNTY. 91 landed in the spring of 1863, and finding employment in the metropolis continued there until the following year, when he came to the Orange Valley. Here he was employed by his brother John for some time, and in 1866 he embarked in the grocery business on his own account on the Valley road. He possessed a strong deter- mination to succeed if success could be won by close application to business, hon- orable dealing and an earnest desire to please his patrons, and these proved the necessary qualifications, for his trade grew and he was soon enabled to purchase the property which he had hitherto rented and to make some excellent improvements thereon. His work was carried on with en- ergy. He carried excellent goods and a large increasing trade brought him a good income. In this way he continued until 1884, when failing health caused his re- tirement, and he was compelled to travel. He went abroad and upon his return home traveled for some time in the west and south, hoping to be benefited thereby, but all to no avail; and on the 27th of Novem- ber, 1890, he passed away. He was a con- sistent Christian man, taking an active and commendable interest in church work, and was instrumental in the organization of the Hillside Presbyterian church, at Orange. He was charitable and benevolent, honor- alile and trustworthv, and over the record of his life there falls no shadow of wrong. He left to his family not only a comfort- able competence, but also that priceless heritage of a good name. Socially he was connected with the Royal Arcanum and the Knights of Honor of Orange, and his breth- ren of the fraternities held him in the high- est regard, while all who knew him enter- tained for him unqualified respect. His home life was very pleasant. He was married February 26. 1870, to Miss Cecelia Aloller, a daughter of John and Catherine Moller, and to them was born one son, August C. W.. whose birth occurred Feb- ruary 7, 1 87 1. The mother died Febru- ary 21, 1 87 1, and Mr. Struck was again married, his second union being with Miss Henrietta W. Timme, by whom he had four children: J. Ernest, born July 21, 1874; Henry J., Decemloer 27, 1875; Ce- celia G., July 21, 1878; and George F., born August 13, 1880. The mother is still liv- ing at the family homestead in Orange Val- ley. She, too, is a consistent member of the Hillside Presbyterian church, and shared with her husband in the good work of that organization. Henry J. Struck, Jr., who assists in the management of his father's estate, was born on the old homestead and was edu- cated in the district schools. He received his business training in his father's gro- cery store and has become a practical, pro- gressive young business man. In his po- litical views he is a Republican and is a popular and enterprising young citizen of Orange \'alley whose excellent qualities will undoubtedlv win success in the future. THE LIGHTHIPE FAMILY. The Lighthipes stand first in chronologi- cal order as builders of the Oranges, their connection with Orange beginning two years after it was set ofi^ from Newark as a separate township. From that time to the present they have been constantly iden- tified with the growth and prosperity of the township, town and citv of Orange, in all of which Charles A. Lighthipe, the present representati\e, has borne a conspicuous part. / 92 ESSEX COUNTY. John Lighthipe, the ancestor of the family, came from Brunswick, Germany, about the beginning of the Revohition and immediately joined the Continental army, serving faithfully until the close of the war. He then settled at Pompton Plains, New Jersey, and drew a pension until his death. He was a man of means and considerable influence in the community. He married IMary Duffy, whose parents were natives of Scotland. Charles Lighthipe, a son of the ancestor, was born at Pompton, New Jersey. He re- moved to Orange in 1808 and was one of the leading manufacturers of that period. He built what is still known as the Light- hipe homestead, on Main street, near Jeffer- son, and had his factory on the same prop- erty. He was a man of strict integrity and honesty, and highly respected. He married Maria S. Condit, born x\pril 25, 1789. daughter of Captain Moses and Hannah (Smith) Condit. His father was a private in the Revolutionary war and took part in the battle of Monmouth. He was also a captain of militia in the war of 1812. He was a ruling elder in the First Presbyterian church from 1805 until his death, in 1838. He was a brother of Dr. John Condit, a distinguished officer of the Revolution and for thirty years representative and senator in congress. Charles Alexander Lighthipe. youngest son of Charles and Maria (Condit) Light- hipe, was born in Orange, at the homestead of his father, on Main street, near Jefferson, October 11, 1824, and attended the little village school which was then located oppo- site St. Mark's church, and the old Orange Academy on Main street. He served his time at hat-making and afterward became the leading manufacturer in the business under the firm name of C. A. Lighthipe & Company. He carried on a successful man- ufacturing business for nearly twenty years, and was known from one end of the coun- try to the other. He was one of the first to adopt the use of machinery which re- sulted in a large increase of his business. In 1865 he became interested in the hat- forming business, introducing the newly- invented hat-forming machine, which pro- duced a better grade of work, with much less labor. He sold out his hat business in 1863 and became interested in the patent- forming business, preparing the material used by the hat manufacturers. He pur- chased a large factory property at Millburn, where he carried on the business success- fully for many years, until the expiration of the patents, when, owing to the strong competition, it was no longer remunera- tive. Mr. Lighthipe was one of the pioneers in the development of Orange and West Orange. He cut through and laid out Cen- tral avenue from Centre street to Valley road. He was associated with Mr. Everett in the opening of North Jefferson street, and was also instrumental in laying out Bell street and a part of Essex avenue. He and Mr. Everett opened Lincoln avenue from Main street to Highland avenue, and named it in honor of President Lincoln. He owned, altogether, between seventy-five and one hundred acres. In connection with Mr. Haskell, he opened Park avenue from the Orange line to Valley road, in West Orange. He spent large sums of money in the improvement and development of this property. He also opened New Eng- land Terrace. Mr. Lighthipe was elected president of the Orange Bank on January 8. 1862. as the successor of Dr. Babbit, and ESSEX COUNTY 93 continued in that position for twenty-three years, resigning January 13, 1885. His administration of its affairs was wise and judicious, and during this period the bank grew from a small country bank to one of the strongest financial institutions ni the state of New Jersey. It was during Mr. Lighthipe's administration that the bank was changed from a state to a national bank. When he assumed charge of its af- fairs in 1862 the stock was below par; when he resigned the stock was worth 175, and paid 10 per cent, per annum dividends. In 1864-5 he represented his native town in the state legislature. He was an active director of the Morris & Essex Railroad Company until that road was leased to the D. L. cS: W. R. R. Co. Every business enterprise with which Mr. Lighthipe has been connected has proved successful. For more than thirty years he has been a director in the Ameri- can Insurance Company, of Newark, one of the most successful insurance companies in the state of New Jersey. He has also been a director in the Citizens' Gas Com- pany almost from the date of its organi- zation. In 1888 he assisted in organizing the United States Industrial Insurance Company, of Newark, of which he is vice- president and treasurer. This, the second life insurance company in New Jersey, operated on the industrial plan, bids fair to rival its older competitors. Mr. Lighthipe brought to bear a successful business ex- perience of nearlv half a century and has devoted all his energies to the development of this wise and beneficent plan of life in- surance which enables the industrial classes to participate in its benefits. He has been too much engrossed in business afTairs to participate in the public afifairs of his native township, but has worked faithfully in the interests of ffood government and contrib- uted liberally to public improvements of every' kind, being a man of broad and lib- eral ideas and of generous impulses. In religious matters his interests have been with St. Mark's church. Episcopal, of which he has been for many years a warden and of which his sainted mother was one of the earliest members. Mr. Lighthipe married Sarah, daughter of Caleb Smith, son of Samuel, son of David, son of James Smith, the ancestor, who married the daughter of Deacon Azariah Crane, the founder of Cranetown, now ]\Iontclair. The issue of this marriage is Charles Francis, Arthur Nichols, Her- bert. Ernest, Florence and Sarah M. Charles Francis, the eldest son, was born in Orange, May 23, 1853: graduated at Harvard College, in 1875; read law in the office of Blake & Freeman, at Orange; at- tended Columbia College Law School; was admitted to the bar as an attorney in 1878, and as counselor in 1881 ; and is a prac- ticing lawver in Orange. THE EAST ORANGE GAZETTE. When a town has reached that point where it can support a local paper, its subse- cjuent growth is already assured. This fact was fully appreciated by Stephen M. Long, the enterprising real-estate agent, when, in order to further his business operations, he started a real-estate paper. The first num- ber was issued May i, 1873, and was a ver\' modest affair. It was an eight-page sheet, 14x20 inclies, five columns to the page, and was called the East Orange Ga- zette, the name it still retains. The experi- ment proved successful, and Mr. Long 94 ESSEX COUNTY. found the people of East Orange were ready to support a weekly newspaper of their own, and be no longer dependent on the neigh- boring township journals for their news. Being a Republican in politics, Mr. Long decided to make it a Republican paper, and received sufficient assurances from the leading members of that party to justify him in this course; it thus became, and still continues as the organ of the Reiniijlican party. The paper was subsequently en- larged to 20 X 26 inches, four pages, eight columns to the page. It was printed at first partly in New York and partly in Orange, and for some time at the Chronicle office in Orange. On May i, 1882, Mr. Charles Starr, the present proprietor, purchased the good will, etc., of the paper, there being no plant to dispose of. He at once enlarged it to its present size, and a year later put in a complete newspaper and jobbing plant. On January i, 1893, '^^ moved into his present quarters on Main street, near the junction. He fitted up the office with the best and all the latest improvements in presses, etc., and everything necessary to carry on his business in enlarged quarters. The expectations of the present proprietor have been fully realized; the circulation, as well as the advertising, has steadily in- creased, and the Gazette is recognized, not simply as the organ of a political party, but as one of the best family papers in the state. Charles Starr, the editor of the Gazette, is a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, born April 19, 1855. He is the son of Edear P. and Lucy M. (Jackson) Starr, of New York, and a direct descendant of Comfort Starr, of Boston, who had a son and grandson named Comfort. A descendant of these. General Comfort Starr, was a distinguished officer of the Connecticut line in the war of the Revolution. Most of the descend- ants of the first Comfort Starr resided in Connecticut. Charles Starr came east with his parents when he was nine years of age, and since then has been a resident of Orange. He received his education at the public and private schools of the city. He left school at the age of fifteen and spent four years at surveying, in the office of Mead & Taylor. He began his journalistic experience in the office of the Orange Chronicle, as reporter, bookkeeper and finally as local editor. He had an experi- ence of seven years in this line of work, and when, in the spring of 1882, he decided to undertake the publication of the Gazette, he was well fitted and thoroughly equipped for such an undertaking. Although the paper is the recognized organ of the Re- publican partv. Mr. Starr has conducted it in such a manner as to win the confidence of. the people without regard to party dif- ferences. Upright, honest and fearless in the discharge of his duties to the public as a journalist, he never oversteps the bounds of propriety by personal attacks on the in- dividual, whatever may be the cause of grievance, but presents his facts in a clear, concise and forcible manner, leaving it for his readers to "hear and determine." He devotes his whole time to his journalistic labors, leaving others to manage the politi- cal affairs of the township. As a man he is courteous, kind and agreeable, and equally accessible to rich or poor. He is interested in the various benevolent organizations of the Oranges, in some of which he has borne a conspicuous part. He is past regent of Longfellow Council, No. 675, Royal Arcanum; past commander of Arlington Council. American Legion of ESSEX COUNTY. 95 Honor; past dictator of Garfield Lodge. Knights of Honor; past archon in East Orange Conclave, Improved Order of Heptasophs; a member of Hope Lodge. F. & A. M.. of East Orange; of Plato Lodge. Knights of Pythias, and other fra- ternal organizations. Mr. Starr married, October 20, 1880, Minnie E. Smith, daughter of Caleb A. and Mary J. ( ]Munn) Smith. She died December 4, 1891, leaving one child. Charles Edgar. On September 10, 1896, Mr. Starr again married, his wife being lean Tamezen Slee, daughter of Matthew Henry and Miranda Caldecott Slee, of Auburn, New York. HENRY M. AL\TTHEWS. Of the builders and contractors in Orange, Mr. Matthews has a record of forty-two years' service in that line. Born on the 24th of November. 1833, at the old Matthews homestead, situated on the cor- ner of Scotland street and Central avenue, the subject of this review is the son of the late Albert and Mary Ann (Cary) Mat- thews. The father, also born on the old homestead, passed his life in Orange, ob- taining his education in the public schools of those days, and subsequently learned the shoemaker's trade, in connection with which he contracted for the manufacture of shoes for the southern trade, but later, on account of failing health, he was obliged to retire from that business and engaged in gardening. He was of quiet, unassuming habits, possessing the high regard of his fellow citizens, and spent the autumn of his life in comparative retirement. His death occurred in 1858, and his wife, who is in the ninety-second year of her age, is still living, with mental faculties unimpaired. They reared five children, as follows : Jos- eph, who was killed in defending the Union while assisting in storming Fort Hudson, on the Mississippi river: Henry ]\L, our subject; Mary Emily, deceased; W'illiam Edgar, who was accidentally killed while as- sisting in erecting the Brick Church station of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad; Anzenette Lavinia; and there were two who died in infancy. At the age of two and a half years Mr. ^Matthews was taken to visit his maternal grandfather, Clement Cary, at Succasunna Plains, Morris county, and became so at- tached to his grandparents that when his time e.xpired he refused to return home and was consequently adopted by the old folks. He received his education in the district schools, finishing at the academy of Morris county, after which he went to Newark and there learned the carpenter's trade, which he has made his life vocation. Upon com- pleting his apprenticeship, in 1855. he re- moved to Orange, engaged in business, and for forty-two years he has been continu- ously engaged in building and contracting. Mr. Matthews has been twice married, his first wife being Miss Anna Amelia Perry, a daughter of Matthias and Mary (Foster) Perry, who was born in Orange, and of this union two children were born, namely : ]\Iary Alice, now residing with her father; and Frederick Henry, a steamboat purser, who died on the i8th of last March. Mrs. Matthews died in 1864. and our subject contracted a second marriage in 1868, when he was united to Miss Damaris Halsey Fos- ter, daughter of Job and Parmelia (Perry) Foster, a cousin of his first wife, and to them were born three children ; Myra Emilie, ClifTord Minton and Donald Max- well. 96 ESSEX COUNTY. In his political views Mr. Matthews is a stanch Republican and has taken an active interest in national affairs, but has never sought nor desired office. He is one of the founders of the Orange Valley, or High- land Avenue, Congregational church, of which all the members of his family are ad- herents, and of which he has been a deacon. He has been closely identified with the church and its interests since its organiza- tion and is a liberal contributor to its sup- port. RICHARD A. and ANDREW \L FULCHER, hat manufacturers, at the corner of New and Hoyt streets, Newark, occupy a prom- inent position in industrial circles in the city. Hat manufacture is one of the lead- ing enterprises of Essex county, and it re- quires splendid executive ability, enterprise and sound judgment to win and maintain the enviable position which they occupy in the trade. These gentlemen are brothers, natives of London, England, the former born July 27, 1832. the latter March 16. 1836. They are sons of Charles and Sarah (Butler) Fulcher. The former was of French de- scent and was a silk weaver by trade. Dur- ing his early manhood he engaged in the manufacture of silk goods, in which en- terprise he was very successful, doing a very profitable business and employing a large force of workmen. He died in the autumn of 1854, at the age of sixty-one years, his birth having occurred in 1793. He came to America in 1853 and took up his residence in Brooklyn, where he re- mained until called to the home beyond, his remains being interred in Greenwood cemetery. His faithful wife afterward re- turned to the land of her nativity, where she passed away in 1866, at the age of six- ty-nine years. Both held their religious membership in the Episcopalian church. ARTHUR COLES DOUGHERTY, son of Alexander N. Dougherty, M. D., elsewhere mentioned, was born in Newark, New Jersey, December 10, 1858. He re- ceived a good preparatory education in the schools of Newark and spent one year in the College of New Jersey. His medical studies were pursued in the office and under the direction of his distinguished father. In 1882 he was graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and began at once the practice of medicine in his native city. Dr. Dougherty was for a time surgical clinical assistant to St. Michael's Hospital, and is a member of the Essex District Medical Society. THE BALDWIN FAMILY: The name Baldwin is said to be derived from the words "Bald," quick or speedy, and "win." an old word signifying victor or conqueror. — the true signification being "the speedy conqueror or victor." The Baldwins, earls of Flanders, were contem- porary with Alfred the Great, whose son Baldwin (2d) married the daughter of Robert of France, whose daughter Matilda married W'illiam the Conqueror. Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, with a train of two hundred horses and three hundred foot, his banner inscribed with the name of Thomas a Becket. went on a crusade with Richard Cceur de Lion, in 11 20. Most of the Baldwins of the Oranges ^^^-^^^^^W^ Ou^^^^^/Cc^^ c::^^^^^{jez^. 7^, C^i^A^' ESSEX COUNTY. 97 trace their ancestry, through Benjamin, to Joseph Baldwin, one of the first settlers in Milford, Connecticut, in 1639. This Joseph was probably the brother of Timothy and Nathaniel, sons of Richard Baldwin, of Cholesbury, county Bucks, England, whose will was proved in 1633. Joseph removed to Hadley, Massachusetts. His wife, Han- nah, joined the church June 23, 1644, and his children were then baptized. These were: Joseph, born 1640; Benjamin, 1642; Hannah, 1644; Mary, 1645; Elizabeth, 1646; Martha, 1647; a"ranch of the Taylor family, was the son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Eccles) Taylor, of Randall's Town, near Belfast, Ireland. Jacob was a linen, manufacturer, a native of Scotland, the family being all stanch Scotch Presby- terians. William Taylor, son of Jacob, was a mill- wright. He came to this country soon after 1800, in company with Deacon John Nichol, one of the pillars of the Brick church. East Orange. William Taylor set- tled in Bloomfield, where he married Ger- trude, daughter of Colonel Thomas Cad- mus, of that place, a descendant of one of the old Holland families wdio settled in east New Jersey. The house in wdiich Colonel Cadmus lived, on W'ashington street, Bloomfield, was built by his ancestors about 1672. This house is mentioned in the history of Bloomfield as Washington's headquarters. Abraham Cadmus Tavlor, son of Will- I30 ESSEX COUXTY. iam and Gertrude (Cadmus) Tavlor, was born in Bloomfield, Xew Jersey, March 9, 1812, and ilied in East Orange. December 17. 1883. He lived with his uncle. Abra- ham Cadmus, from an earh- age until the latter's death, and inherited most of his property. His grandfather. Colonel Thom- as Cadmus, served with distinction in the war of the Revolution and enjoyed the per- sonal friendship of General Washington, who presented him with a sword, the bro- ken parts of which are still in the family. At the age of eighteen years Abraham C. Taylor came to Orange, where he spent the remainder of his life. He kept a country store for some years and subsequently es- tablished a large clothing business in ^lo- bile, Alabama, under the firm name of Tay- lor & Dickinson. Mr. Taylor remained north, attending to the buying, manufac- turing, etc.. while his partner attended to the southern branch of the business. He discontinued the business just before the panic of 1857 and thereby escaped financial disaster. Mr. Taylor was among the first of the old residents to appreciate the possibilities of Orange as a place of suburban residence, and, with wise forethought, he purchased large tracts of land in Orange and Mont- clair. His first home property was located on Main. Baldwin and Harrison streets. He afterward purchased several acres on \\'ash- ington street and built for himself a new house, in which he lived and died. He di- vided this property into building lots, and opened William street through the prop- erty, from Prospect to \\'ashington streets, and maile other necessary improvements. Among other jjroperties he developed the Uzal Dodd tract at Doddtown; he also opened Nev; street to Orange. He did not wait for others to develop their property in order that he might reap the benefit, but with a worthy public spirit he spent his money freely in improving all his property, while many of his neighbors profited there- by. He was a whole-souled, enterprising business man. with large ideas which he was capable of carrying out. He was a leader in politics, although, with a single exception, he invariably declined to accept office. He worked earnestly for his friends, and whoever was fortunate enough to se- cure his influence was almost certain of an election. He managed all his own aft'airs with consummate ability, exercising wis- dom and forethought in all his transactions. Though not a member of any church he led an exemplary life, and in all his intercourse with his fellow men endeavored to conform to the Golden Rule. He had large busi- ness interests and was connected with vari- ous organizations. He was a director in the Orange Savings Bank, and in the Essex County ]\Iutual Insurance Company. Mr. Taylor married Elizabeth Simmons Condit. daughter of Sanniel Wheeler and Sarah (Brundage) Condit, residents of what is now \\'est Orange. Samuel Wheeler Condit was the son of Joel and Sarah (Wheeler) Condit. Joel served in the war of the Revolution. He was the son of Daniel, son of Samuel, the Newark ances- tor of the family. The children of Aljraham Cadmus Taylor and his wife, Elizabeth, were: Mary C. ; Harriet, who married Sam- uel G. \'an Auken; William A., born No- vember 17. 1840, and died January 9. 1856; Elizabeth, who married jNIarcus A. Gould, and is a practicing physician of the new school; Gertrude, who resides in Washing- ton, D. C: Ira M.; Samuel M.. and Caro- line died in infancy. ES.'^EX COUNTY. 131 Ira M. Taylor, sixth child of Abraham Cadmus and Elizabeth (Condit) Taylor, was born in Orange, or what is now East Orange, October 31, 1846. He was sent to the best private schools in Orange, among these being the well known institution of Mr. Adams. ]\Ir. Taylor's first bus- iness experience was in New York city, where he was first engaged in mercantile affairs and afterwartl in the manufacturing business. He was for some time connected with the Paragon Manufacturing Com- pany, which made the first paragon um- brella frames in this country. After his father's death Mr. Taylor returned to East Orange to assume charge of the estate, which for a time required his undivided at- tention. In the settlement of his father's affairs he was gradually drawn into the real- estate business and began operations for himself and others. His pleasing and cour- teous manners drew people to him, and without any special effort on his part busi- ness increased. Strangers, as well as his personal friends, found that they could al- ways rely on his representations, that he had no personal ends to serve. His aim has been to please the buyer as well as the owner of the property, and he has never failed to state the true conditions as to health, drainage, etc., even though it might be to the detriment of the owner and at a personal sacrifice of his own interests. His methods, which were actuated by a consci- entious regard for the public welfare and for the good of his patrons, have yielded their legitimate fruits, and a large number of the most desirable class of business men have been induced to settle in the Oranges and build for themselves fine residences. These in turn have induced others to locate here, who in\ariablv commend Mr. Tavlor as the best man to conduct negotiations. The fact of his individttal success and pros- perity is the best evidence of what he has ac- complished in the development of the Or- anges, and through his efforts hundreds of thousands of dollars have been added to the wealth of his native town, and without any pretense or assumption on his part he has proved one of the greatest of public bene- factors. His conscientious regard for the truth, his honesty and perfectly fair deal- ings with all, have won him the confidence and support of both buyers and sellers of property. It was Mr. Taylor's reputation for honor- able dealing, as well as his good judgment and strict impartiality, that led the projec- tors of the New Orange Industrial Associa- tion to make him their representative and manager for this district for the greatest real-estate enterprise ever attempted in this country, viz., the purchase and immediate development of nineteen hundred acres of land lying between Millburn and Roselle and the immediate outlay of millions of dol- lars for improvements, etc. Mr. Taylor was one of the commissioners appointed to widen and straighten Second river in that part of the Doddtown district formerly known as Rattlesnake Plains. He organ- ized and is secretary of the Penn Bluff Brick and Tile Company, an enterprising and suc- cessful corporation. He served on a com- mission for opening new streets in East Or- ange. Mr. Taylor is thoroughly domestic in his tastes and habits and has no interest whatever in club life. He is a member of Brick church and was formerly secretary and treasurer of the Sunday-school. Mr. Taylor married Kate N. Seymour, of New York city, and they have one child, Catharine. ES,ly, in 1834 a member of the state council, and was at one time surrogate of the county of Essex. On the expiration of the gubernatorial term of Daniel Haines, who was the last go\-ernor and chancellor under the consti- tution of 1776, Mr. Halsted received from Governor Stratton the nomination for chancellor and the same was confirmed by the senate, February 5, 1845. He held his office until 1852, when he resumed the prac- tice of his profession. Chancellor Halsted was a man of much learning, and in his lat- ter years a great student of the Bible. In 1875. two years before his death and at the age of eighty-three, he published "The Book Called Job," being a literal translation from the Hebrew. It is accompanied with copious notes, which show a vast amount of study and research. He was also the author of a work entitled "The Theology of the Bible." Chancellor Halsted died Aup-ust 29, 1877. OLIVER S. HALSTED, JR., son of the late Chancellor Halsted, was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, in 1818, and was graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1838. He entered soon after, as a stu- dent at law, the office of his distinguished father, and in 1841, having been admitted to the bar, began the practice of his profes- sion in Newark, New Jersey. He met with great success as a practitioner, and acquired considerable reputation as a fearless and elocjuent speaker. In 1849 lie went to California, and there commenced the practice of law, but after an absence of about one year he returned to his former home. When the war for the LTnion broke out. in 1861. he relinquished his practice in Newark, and located in Washington, where he remained till the close of the year 1865. During all this time he was actively engaged in the cause cf the L^nion, and is said to have rendered many and important services to the government and to the country. Some months after the close of the war he returned to Newark and resumed the practice of his profession, in which he remained until the time of his death, which occurred July 2, 187 1. ERNEST F. KEER was born in the city of Newark, on the ist of November. 1870. His parents, Julius and Josephine (Sautermeister) Keer. both natives of Germany, were married in New- 142 ESSEX COUNTY. ark, after having resided in the city some years. Juhus Keer was for twenty-five years employed by tlie Joseph Hensler Brewing Company, and previous to that conducted a brewery for himself, in this citv. The mother of our subject was a sis- ter of Ferdinand Sautermeister. deceased, a long resident citizen of Newark. She died in 1895. leaving four children. Mr. Keer, our subject, has spent his en- tire life in Newark. The pulilic and the German schools of the city afforded him his preliminary educational privilege and his collegiate course was pursued in the Uni- versity of the City of New York, in which institution he was graduated in 1892 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. The fol- lowing year he was admitted to the New- Jersey bar as an attorney at law, and in 1896 as a counselor at law. For five years he has been actively engaged in practice here. His success in a professional way affords the best evidence of his capabilities in this line. His knowledge of the law is accurate and comprehensive, and the success he has won is the result of earnest effort, without which there is no advancement in this most exact- ing of all the professions. In his political views iSIr. Keer is a Dem- ocrat and is well informed on the issues of the day, thus giving to his party an intelli- gent and effective support. His genial manner and courteous disposition make him a popular favorite. ASA WHITEHEAD, one of the prominent lawyers and public- spirited citizens of Newark, was a native of Essex county, where he was born in 1793, and there spent the early years of his life upon a farm owned and occupied by his father, Silas \\'hitehead. Subsequently he took up the study of law in the office of Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, at Newark, and in 1818 was admitted to the bar. His father, who at that time was clerk of the county of Essex, died the following year, and the son was commissioned by the gov- ernor to fill the vacancy. At the meeting of the legislature in 1819 he was regularly appointed clerk, and, being reappointed in 1824, such was his popularity that he was the incumbent of that position for the fol- lowing ten years. Upon retiring from the clerkship, he devoted his entire time and energies to the active practice of his pro- fession, and his superior ability being quick- Iv recognized he soon took rank as a ju- dicious counselor and a wise advocate. \\'illiam Silas Whitehead, son of Hon. Asa Whitehead, was born in Newark, New Jersey, on the 3d of ]March, 1829, and after completing his preliminary literary studies he entered the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, and was graduated'at that insti- tution in 1S47. He continued his legal studies in the office of his father, and was admitted to the bar in 1850, immediately after which he began the active work of practice in Newark, and met with distinct success in that line of endeavor. In 1872 he formed a professional partnership with Albert P. Condit under the firm name of Whitehead & Condit, and this association has been continued with a high degree of success. In his political faith Mr. White- head is a stanch Republican, and in 1859 he was elected surrogate of Essex county, holding that office for a period of five years, and he is regarded as a lawyer of pro- found and extensive learning, his reputation extending throughout the state of New Jer- sev. For many years he has been prom- ESSEX COUNTY. 143 inently affiliated with the Masonic frater- nity and for several terms he was grand master of the state. WILLIAM WHITNEY AMES, one of the younger members of the New Jersey bar, was born in Rockville, Con- necticut, on the 30th day of July, 1866. His ancestors, both paternal and maternal, were among the earliest settlers in New Eng- land, of pure English and Scotch blood, and there were in the Ames family several distinguished lawyers in ^Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Mr. Ames' father. Charles Fisher Ames, was born in Rhode Island, and has spent his whole life in the manu- facture of cotton goods. In March, 1865. he married Ellen L. Goodell, an older sis- ter of Edwin B. Goodell, now of Mont- clair. William W. Ames spent his childhood and youth in his native city and acquired his early education in its public schools. He graduated in the high school of that place in 1883. and during the next year worked in the factories of Rockville, as a clerk, and as a woolen weaver. He also spent one year in teaching a public school. In the autumn of 18S5 he entered Yale College, and immediatelv after his gradu- ation, in 1889, came to Montclair, New Jer- sey, where he entered the law office of Edwin B. Goodell. In 1892 he was ad- mitted to the bar and immediately entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1892 Mr. Ames was united in mar- riage to ]\Iiss Hattie O. Hunt, of Hartford, Connecticut, a daughter of Milo Hunt. She is a graduate of the high school of Hartford, and is a lady of natural culture and refine- ment, who presides with grace over their hospitable home. They have two children, a daughter, born in 1895, and a son in 1897. In his political views I\Ir. Ames is inde- pendent, giving his support to the candi- dates who, in his judgment, are best quali- fied for office, without regard to party ties. Since 1896 he has filled the office of record- er for the town of Montclair. He is a popular and valued member of the Mont- clair and Athletic Clubs, and is a genial, pleasant gentleman, having a host of warm friends in the communit3\ HERMAN C. H. HEROLD was born in New York city, March 4, 1854. educated in the public schools of Newark, and is a graduate of the high school. In 1878 he received his degree of M. D. from the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and during the same year began the practice of medicine in Newark, New Jersey. He is visiting surgeon to St. Michael's Hospital, and surgeon of the Fifth Regiment, Na- tional Guards, state of New Jersev. SAMUEL EDMUND BLAIR, one of the progressive and representative farmers of Essex county, was born in Franklin, New Jersey, on the ist of No- vember, 1864, and attended the public schools of his native city, but, on account of the death of his father, he was unable to complete his studies. After leaving school he went to Michigan, locating in Kalama- zoo, where he followed the carpenter's trade, and continued in that occupation at Kalamazoo for eight years, at the end of which period he came to Essex county, pur- chased the old Brown homestead, in 1891, and has since devoted all his energies to ag- ricultural pursuits. 144 ESSEX COUNTY. James L. Blair, father of our subject, was born in New Jersey, where he was reared, and learned the carpenter's trade in his youth, having been early in life a cloth fin- isher. Upon the outbreak of the civil war he enlisted in a New Jersey regiment and rendered faithful service in defending the old flag. He married Miss Emma Day, a native of New Jersey, in 1863, and two chil- dren were born to them. He died in 1879, and his wife is still living, in Michigan. Samuel E. Blair celebrated his marriage on the 27th of November, 1888, when he was united to Miss .\ddie E. Scudder, of Kalamazoo, Michigan, a daughter of Theo. Scudder, a native of Connecticut, and Sarah E. Scudder. who was born in Alassachu- setts. Of the four children born to Mr. and Mrs. Blair, the three following survive : Lewis E., born January 5, 1890, Earl W., born on the 18th of March, 1894, and Roger W., September 27, 1897. In his political faith Mr. Blair is a stanch Republican, and in his religious adherency he is a member of the Dutch Reformed church. He is a pul)lic-spirited citizen and esteemed bv all who know him. LOUIS HOOD stands to-day among the most able and active members of the Essex county bar. Endowed by nature with strong powers of mentality, trained in the most advanced educational institutions of our land, he has made the most of his opportunities and by the force of his character and splendid legal (jualifications has risen to an enviable posi- tion among the legists of the county. He maintains his residence in Newark, where he has secured an extensive and representa- tive clientele. Air. Hood is a native of Prussia, his birth having occurred in the town of Radwouke, on the 13th of February, 1857. His par- ents. Mver S. and Ernestine (Samuel) Hood, determining to try to seek a home in America, bade adieu to their native land in 1866 and with their family crossed the At- lantic to the New World. Landing in New York city, they remained in the metropolis for a short time and then removed to New- ark, in 1869. The father has devoted the greater part of his life to educational work and for a number of years has been super- intendent of the Hebrew Free School, of Newark. He is a man of scholarly attain- ments and broad humanitarian principles, his energies being given to the benefit and advancement of his fellowmen. When a child of nine years Louis Hood accompanied his parents on their removal to this country, and since 1869 has been a resident of Newark. His elementary edu- cation, acquired in the public schools, was supplemented by a course in the high school of this city, in which institution he was graduated with the class of 1874. He afterward matriculated in Yale College and was graduated in 1878. With a broad gener;il and classical knowledge to serve as a foundation upon which to rear the super- structure of professional education, he ne.xt entered the Columbia Law School, where he was graduated in 1880, and in order more thoroughly to prepare himself for the law he pursued a post-graduate course in the science of jurisjirudence in ^'ale Col- lege, in which institution he was graduated in 1882. In No\-ember of that year Mr. Hood was admitted to the bar of New Jersey, as an attorney, and in 1885 as a counselor. By appointment he held the position of police ESSEX COUNTY. 145 justice during tlie year 1884. aiul in 1888 was appointed assistant prosecutor of pleas, a position in which he has since rendered service of recognized value. He prepares his cases with the utmost care and precis- ion and allows no point to escape him; in the presentation of his cases he is forceful, earnest and logical, basing his argument upon a clear statement of the facts and the law applicable to them. He has carried his researches far and wide into the realms of jurisprudence and his legal lore is compre- hensive and accurate. In the court-room he has achieved many notable forensic vic- tories, and as a result has gained a large clientage. In his political relations Mr. Hood is a Democrat who earnestly advocates the cause of his party, but has never sought office other than that in connection with his profession. Fraternally he is a ^Master Mason, and in social circles has most pleas- ant relations. EUGENE J. :\IAROUET, of Orange, is a leading representative of the manufacturing interests of Essex county and one of the ablest and best known busi- ness men of the city in which he makes his home. Tireless energy, keen perception, honesty of purpose, genius for devising and executing the right thing at the right time, joined to every-day common sense, are the chief characteristics of the man and have brought to him a success which is well mer- ited. Mr. Marquet was born in Xewark, on the 1 0th of January, 185 1, and is a son of John B. and Theresa Marcjuet. He was an in- fant when his mother died. He accjuired his education in the public schools of his nati\e cit}'. and on completing his training in that direction began to learn the busi- ness of manufacturing paper boxes, which has been his life occupation. His father carried on that business in Xewark, estab- lishing there a manufactory on a small scale, but his success was rapid and immediate. His trade steadily increased and he was constantlv forced to enlarge his facilities to meet the growing demand. After a time he admitted to a partnership jn the business his two sons, under the firm name of J. B. Marquet & Sons, and in 1892 the J. B. ]\Iar- quet Company was organized. Mr. Marquet, whose name introduces this article, continued his connection with the factory in Newark until 1891, when he removed to Orange and established the fac- tory at this point. It has since attained ex- tensive proportions. Ijeing now- one of the largest in Essex county. Our subject com- pletely mastered the business in every de- tail, and is therefore very capable of direct- ing those under his control. His business relations with his employees are always pleasant, for he is ever fair and courteous in his treatment of them; and his patrons en- tertain for him the highest regard, for he is most reliable in all his dealings and justly merits their confidence and good will. His business has now assumed extensi\'e pro- portions and is a paying investment which brings to him individually a good return and at the same time promotes the com- mercial activity of the town. In Decem- ber, 1897, Mr. Marquet purchased the ma- chinery and all appurtenances of the Wake- field Box Manufacturing Company in the Orange valley, wliere he now conducts his entire business. ]\Ir. ]\Iarquet was united in marriage in Newark, June 16, 1879, to ^liss Susan 146 ESSEX COUNTY. Totanis. a native of Andencourt. France. They now have one son, Frederick Ernest, who was born July 14, 1886. In his poht- ical views Mr. Marquet is a Democrat and he and his family attend the Congregation- al church. JOSEPH NATHANIEL TUTTLE. deceased, was born in Newark, New Jersey, January i, 1810. His father, William Tut- tle, was a lineal descendant of William Tut- tle, who, at the age of twenty-six years, landed in Boston (April 2, 1635); and his mother was Hannah (Camp) Tuttle, a de- scendant of \\'illiam Camp, who, in 1666, removed from Branford, Connecticut, be- coming one of the founders of the town of Newark, New Jersey. The eighth in the de- scending line of the American progenitors whose name he bears, he can look back upon an ancestry, paternal as well as mater- nal, of whom history makes honorable mention. The first and second of his American forefathers, William and Joseph Tuttle, never removed from Connecticut, but the third, Stephen, left his native place and settled in Woodbridge, New Jersey, where, according to the Newark "Town's Records," he became a man of mark and a public officer. The fourth, Timothv. who was born in Woodbridge, removed in early life to Newark, and for many years was prominent in its township afYairs. Toward the close of his life he went to Hanover, Morris county. New Jersey, and there served for several years as a magistrate. The fifth, Daniel, was the father of fifteen children, and, together with five of his sons, did good service in the Continental army during tlie Revolutionary war. The sixth. Joseph, was a sttccessful luan in business until public office was conferred upon him, when, his business becoming necessarily neglected, he lost everything, and, to add to his discomfort, became a cripple. Being, howe\er, a man of great energy, he re- trieved his fortune to some extent before his death. The seventh. William Tuttle, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in New \'ernon. Morris county. New Jersey, and at an early age removed to Newark, in the same state, where he learned the printing business, and for many years was the proprietor and editor of the Sentinel of Freedom. He was a man remarkable for his piety and his benev- olence, and during hi> latter years de- voted much of his time and income to works of charity and love. The story of his exemplary life was written by President Tuttle. of Wabash College, and was pub- lished by Carter & Brothers, of New York. He married, as has already been intimated, Hannah Camp, daughter of Nathaniel Camp, and great-granddaughter of Wil- liam Camp, mentioned above as one of Newark's earliest settlers. \\'ith a preparatory education far beyontl what was recpiired, young Joseph N. Tuttle entered the sophomore class of the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, in 1825, after the collegiate year had half expired, and was graduated at that institution in 1827. Soon afterward he became a student in the law office of Joseph C. Hornblower, subse- c|uently chief justice of New Jersey, and in 1831 was admitted to the bar. Opening an oftice in Newark, he continued to prac- tice in the \arious courts of common law. both of the county and state, until 1842, when his business in the court of chancery, together with the management of various important jirivate trusts, began to occupy ESSEX COUNTY. 147 so much of liis time that he gradually with- drew from his common-law practice and gave his whole attention to this branch of his profession. Finally, in 1863. he with- drew entirely from the courts, in order to assume, without any impediments, the du- ties of treasurer of the Howard Savings In- stitution, a position which he retained until his death. In early life IMr. Tuttle became promi- nent in political matters as a member of the old \\ hig party. In 1835, when only twen- t3-five years of age, he was elected a mem- ber of the general assembly, and was then the sole representative in the legislature of Newark, Elizabethtown and Paterson. In 1836 and 1837 he was re-elected a mem- ber of the legislature. While he was in this position the government of Newark was in the hands of a town committee, and ]\Ir. Tuttle, being its clerk, had every oppor- tunity to study the wants and interests of this now thriving town. Convinced that its growth and prosperity would be greatly promoted by giving to it corporate powers, he assisted materially in preparing a suit- able charter, and one of his first acts as a member of the assembly was to introduce it and to secure its passage. At the first election under this charter, held on the sec- ond Monday of April, 1836, William Hal- sey was elected mayor, and at an early meeting of the common council, Joseph N. Tuttle was elected clerk, which office he held until 1844. In 1845 '^c ^^'^s elected an alderman of the west ward, and was also president of the common council during that year. At the expiration of his term of office he retired from politics, and de- voted all his time to the duties of his pro- fession, which were then becoming more and more onerous. At the organization of the Howard Sav- ings Institution Mr. Tuttle became one of its directors and its vice-president, an of- fice which he held until he assumed that of treasurer. In 1840 he was elected a direc- tor of the National Newark Banking Com- pany, and was for eight years its notary. The Newark Foster Home is largely in- debted to him for its establishment, and after 1848 he became one of its trustees and earnest supporters. He was one of the cor- porators of the Fairmount Cemetery, and for many years one of its managers. As a director of the Newark Library Associa- tion, as well as chairman of the finance committee of the New Jersey Historical So- ciety, he was active and useful ; but nowhere did he render more hearty service than in the old First Presbyterian church of New- ark, of which lie was for many years the old- est living elder, occupying the same pew in which his fathers had successively for three generations sat and worshiped God. CHARLES JOHN KIPP was born in Hanover, Germany, October 22, 1838. His preparatory education was obtained in his native place. In New York city he studied medicine, and was grad- uated at the College of Physicians and Sur- geons in 1861. In that city he settled for a short time, and then, in 1869, removed to Newark, New Jersey, where he has since resided. Soon after graduating Dr. Kipp volun- teered his services in defense of the Union, and in 1861 was appointed surgeon to the Fifth New York State National Guards: in 1862 assistant surgeon of the Third Battal- ion, New- York Artillery; May, 1863, as- sistant surgeon of L'nited States volunteers; 148 ESSEX COUNTY. ]\Iarch. 1864. surgeon of United States vol- unteers; in March, 1865, he was lirevetted Heutenant-colonel for faithful and meritor- ious services during the war. He served in the field until 1863. and performed hos- pital duty after that at Nashville, Tennes- see, at Indianapolis, Indiana, and was chief of the United States Board of Inspectors of Recruits, etc., at the general rendezvous of the state of Indiana. He also held the posi- tion of medical director of the Freedmen's Bureau of that state from August, 1865, to February, 1868. Dr. Kipp is a member of the Ophthal- mological Congress, corresponding secre- tary of the International Otological Society, a member of the American Ophthalmologi- cal, American Otological, Xew York Oph- thalmological and New York Pathological Societies. In 1875 he was elected president of the German Hospital Medical Associa- tion, and in 1876 was a delegate to the In- ternational Medical Congress held in Phila- delphia. He was elected president of the Essex County Medical Society in 1880, vice-president of the Medical Society of New Jersey in 18S3, and is a member of the Council of Alumni Associations of Colum- bia College. In addition to his private practice, which is very large, he is now giving much time as surgeon to the Newark Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, and as ophthalmic sur- geon to the German Hospital and Foster Home, in the city of Newark. Besides the contributions which he is now frequently making to medical literature as one of the editors of the Archives of Otology (the only journal for ear diseases in America), he has written many valuable papers, which may be found in the "Medical and Surgical His- tory of the Rebellion," the "Transactions of the Medical Societ>' of New Jersev," and the proceedings of other medical and scien- tific bodies of which he is a member. HIRAM H. TICHENOR was born in Newark, New Jersey, August 7, 1828. His preliminary education having been obtained in his native place, he en- tered the University of the City of New York, where he continued the preparation so essential to the profession he had re- solved to adopt. In the medical depart- ment of that institution he was graduated in 1854; but while connected with the col- lege, and a participant in all the advantages afYorded by its lectures and clinics, he was also attached, as a student, to the assisting staff of Professor Gunning S. Bedford, as well as to that of Professor Valentine Mott, and from both of these eminent gentlemen received honorary diplomas. To become still more proficient in his studies, he at- tended the medical school of Dr. P. A. Aylett, of the New York Medical Institute, and was graduated at that institution. Af- ter this thorough preparation for the work of his profession, he established himself in Newark, as a medical practitioner, and for o\er thirty years, with very few interrup- tions, discharged faithfully the duties of a phvsician and surgeon. Desirous of doing his part in ad^•ancing the interests of his profession, he became, at the commence- ment of his medical life, a member of the Essex District Medical Society, and was an active and prominent participant in all its proceedings; for several years he was its secretary. He was a member of the Amer- ican Medical Association, and was also con- nected with the Essex Medical Union as long as it had an existence. In 1867 he was ESSEX COUNTY. 149 a delegate to the New Jersey State Medical Society. Since he first began the work which he has so industriously pursued, Dr. Tichenor seemed to feel the importance of taking a part, as far as possible, in whatever ap- peared to him to be of permanent advan- tage to his fellows. Being, to a great ex- tent, a self-made man himself, he sympa- thized quite naturally with those who, as he imagined, had to struggle painfully in their efforts to become useful to themselves and others; and thus it happened that he took so warm an interest in public educa- tion. Of the schools of Newark, and es- pecially of the high school, he was always the ready and well-armed champion, and with both tongue and pen stoutly defended it against the assaults of those who, for sel- fish reasons, would limit public instruction to the lowest grades of human knowledge. For him the high school was an idol, and his yearly prizes for the best rhetorical work performed by its pupils did much to enkin- dle a love for the highest and purest styles of writing. With a purpose quite as laud- able, he always took an interest in the meet- ings of the Board of Trade, of which he was a member, and, when the establishment of one or two additional savings institutions in the city of Newark seemed to be of the utmost importance, he very promptly ac- corded the use of his name and influence, and was elected one of the directors of the Security Savings Institution. Ofifices of every kind, and especially of a public or financial character, he always eschewed, ex- ceot in the instance above named. As almost every man will, outside of his daily pursuits, find some favorite object which may serve to give recreation, so it was with Dr. Tichenor. His hobby was art. as it is displayed by the brush or pencil. He was not a painter himself, but a profound admirer cjf the masterpieces of others. To visit picture galleries was his diversion, and to talk over his favorite artists, tell their good and bad points, discuss their touches and enumerate their various qualities, was medicine which he found good for himself, and which he prescribed without fee to everybody. The collection of paintings left by Dr. Tichenor contains many which he selected himself in Europe. The death of Dr. Tichenor was a loss not only to his immediate family and his large clientele, but also to the city, for in him passed away a warm friend of advance movements, a man of public spirit and wide generosity. JAMES JAY MAPES. Professor James Mapes was born in New York, May 29, 1806. His father, Jonas Mapes, was a major-general in command of the New York state forces in and around New York in the year 1812. His grand- father, James Mapes, born in 1744, at Smithtown, Long Island, near New York, was a farmer. Nearly all his ancestors on his father's side were farmers on Long Is- land, back to 1640, when Thomas Mapes came from England and settled at South- old, Suffolk county, Long Island. In Thompson's "History of Long Island" (1839), Thomas Mapes is referred to as one of the seven leading colonists, who, in com- pany with Rev. John Young, came from England, via New Haven, and founded at Southold the first settlement on Long Is- land. At the age of twenty-one he married a Long Island lady, Sophia Furman, two vears his junior, daughter of the late Judge ISO ESSEX COUXTY. Garret Furman, of Maspeth, Long Island. Much of the professor's success in life, as well as that of his children, is due to the sterling- qualities of his wife and life-long companion. In early youth he evinced a mind of great activity and invention; in fact, he may be said to have been born a chemist, having, among other experiments, manufactured il- luminating gas when but eight years of age, when gas was but little known. When only seventeen years of age he delivered a full course of lectu'res in New York on "Mili- tary Tactics." Throughout his life he retained his inter- est in military matters. There remain with the family a handsome sword and large sil- ver salver, presented to him respectively by his company and regiment, in token of their esteem for him as captain and colonel. When about eleven years of age he was a pupil in the classical school of Timothy Clowes, LL. D., at Hempstead, Long Is- land, and remained there a few years, dur- ing which time he resided in the family of the distinguished William Cobbett. As an analytical chemist Professor Mapes had few superiors. His analyses of beer, made at the request of the senate of New York, and beer and wines, for the temper- ance societies, are regarded as standard ex- periments. He was the first manufacturer of epsom salts from the hydrobisilicate of magnesia, and the author of many im- provements in distilling, dyeing, tempering steel, color manufacturing, etc. In 1832 he invented a new system of sugar refining, many features of which are still in general use. He subsequently invented an appa- ratus for manufacturing sugar from the cane, which is now extensively used in manv of the southern states and the West India islands. He was the inventor of a plan for the manufacture of sugar from West India molasses, which has long been in use in nearly every state in the Union. He also invented a tanning leather and centrifugal machine for separating molasses from sugar, and other very valuable pro- cesses and machines. Soon after the organization of the Na- tional Academy of Design of New York he was appointed professor of chemistry and natural philosophy to that institution. Sub- sequently he was appointed professor of chemistry and natural philosophy to the American Institute. In 1844 he was elected president of the Mechanics' Institute of New York. He also held the position of A"ice-president of the American Institute, with which he had been actively connected for at least twenty-five years. The night schools, under the same and kindred insti- tutions, were mainly the work of the Pro- fessor. It was really the forerunner of the work of such noble institutions as the Cooper Institute, Museum of Art and oth- ers. His success as a student of natural his- tory was very great, and. some of his ar- ticles attracting attention, he was made a permanent member of the New York Ly- ceum of Natural History, and of the Na- tional Institute at Washington, D. C, and an honorary member of the Scientific In- stitute of Brussels, Royal Society of St. Petersburg, Geographical Society of Paris, Artists' Fund Society of Philadelphia, and of many of the horticultural and agricul- tural societies of Europe and America: while one of our state universities (Williams College, Massachusetts), conferred on him the degree of LL. D. He had begun as earlv as 1842 to attract some attention as ESSEX COUNTY. i=ii a chemist, particularly by his analysis, in a report to the Xew York state senate, of beer and wines, above referred to, but still more by his able papers on scientific sub- jects published in the American Repertory of Arts, Sciences and ^Manufactures, of which he was the founder and editor. The four volumes edited by him are to-day fre- quently quoted as a standard authority of the current progress of practical science. Shortly after changing his residence to Newark Professor Mapes organized the Franklin Institute in that city, and was its first lecturer. He was one of the first men in the coun- try to advocate a department of agriculture in the general go\-ernment, the head of which should be a cabinet officer, holding equal rank with the other secretaries of de- partments. He was one of the founders of the National Agricultural Society: was one of the early promoters of county and state agricultural societies, and delivered very able addresses before many of them. In July. 1 85 1, he became associate editor of the Journal of Agriculture, an able semi- monthly paper started in Boston under the editorial charge of ^^'. S. King. Escj., of Manton, Rhode Island. As a writer he was distinguished for terseness, united with rare simplicity of style, and he was still more remarkable for his conversational powers. In New Jersey, whither Professor ^lapes removed in 1847, he is best known as a farmer and a teacher of science as applied to agriculture. During the last twenty years of his life his energies were directed chiefly to this Avork. Professor Mapes died January 10, 1866, at his residence in New York. At his death he was not quite sixty years of age. Of the children of Professor Mapes, four are li\ing, three daughters — Alary Mapes Dodge, the writer and the editor of tlie St. Nicholas magazine; Sophy Mapes Tol- les. the artist; Catherine T. Bunnell, resid- ing in San Francisco; and one son, Charles \'. ]\Iapes, familiar to the farmers of New Jersey as the originator of the "Mapes Complete Manure," and for his contribu- tions to the annual reports of the New Jer- sey State Board of Agriculture. ISAAC A. NICHOLS was born in Newark, New Jersey, on the 24th of February, 1828. He was a pupil in the classical school of Dr. William R. Weeks, who for so many years maintained the reputation of a learned and efificient teacher in the city of Newark. In 1846 young Nichols entered the office of Drs. Darcy and Nichols as a student, and there enjoyed more than ordinary advantages in the necessary preparation for his profession. In 1850 he received his diploma from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and at once began the practice of medicine as an associate with his recent pre- ceptors, w'hose mantle fell, in a very short time, upon his shoulders. His rise in his profession was very rapid. In 1858 he was appointed health physician of the city, and continued to hold this po- sition until his death, November 22, 1880. In this office he was very active and effi- cient, and mainly through his instrumen- tality the Newark City Dispensary was es- tablished. When the Ward United States Hospital was located in Newark, he was intrusted with its chief management until it was placed in the charge of a surgeon of the regular army. His industry was so great i=;2 ESSEX COUNTY that, notwitlistanding his growing private practice, he found time to discharge his du- ties as surgeon of the New Jersey Railroad Company and as one of the staf? of St. Mi- chael's Hospital. In 1873 he was elected president of the District IMedical Society of Essex, which position he filled with no- ticeable dignity. Dr. Nichols was remarkable for his devo- tion to his profession. Things not thereto appertaining engaged very httle of his at- tention, though he was a genial companion and a warm-hearted friend. His widow, daughter of the late distinguished Anthony Dey, and four children survive him. JAMES H. BROWN, a farmer of Livingston township, and a na- tive of Newark, was born on the 9th of February, 1840, a son of William and Ann (Wykes) Brown, who were natives of Eng- land. About 1837 the father crossed the briny, deep to the New World and took up his residence in Newark, where he remained until 1844, when he removed to Shorthills, and thence to Livingston township in 1858. There he purchased a farm of ninety acres, the ownership of which is easily ascertain- able. The land was first granted to Will- iam Muchmore, w^ho sold it to Joseph Wil- son, who in turn disposed of it to Henry Mcllvaine. The next owner of the place was Patrick Houston, from whom it was purchased by William Brown. The father continued the cultivation and development of his land until his death, which occurred in April, 1874, his wife passing away on the 1st of January. 1879. Their children were as follows: Joseph, who left home for the war and is supposed to have been killed in battle; Matilda; Salina; Maria; Joseph; Mary: Naomi; Ruth; George ^\ ., who is living in Hilton; ^lartha, a resident of Belleville; and James H. The last named spent much of his youth in Shorthills and attended its public schools, acquiring a good practical educa- tion to fit him for life's responsible duties. He assisted in the cultivation of the home farm and is now the owner of the place, which under his careful management and acti\-e supervision has become one of the valuable farms of the locality. He has made many excellent and substantial im- provements on the place and has all the accessories and conveniences of the model farm of the nineteenth century. His well tilled fields yield abundant harvests, and a profitable source of income to him is his stock-raising, keeping on hand good grades of horses, cattle and hogs. On the 28th of November, i860. Mr. Brown was married, the lady of his choice being ]\liss Catherine Victoria Ayres, who was born on the 12th of October, 1840, a native of Livingston township and a daughter of Andrew (who was of Orange county. New York), and Nancy (Baldwin) Ayres, of this township. Her father died on the 1st of March, 1850, and her mother, whose birth occurred in 1798, died on the 2d of September, 1889. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown have been born the following chil- dren : Jennie L., born j\Iay 10, 1862; Anna Bell, born December 13, 1863; Grace D., born April 28, 1865; Nancy E., born April 18, i86g; Kitty M., born May 2, 1873; Emma A., born April 6, 1876; Helen L., born February 29, 1880; and Willie H., born February 27, 1882. Mr. Brown keeps well informed on the political issues of the day, and exercises his right of franchise in support of the men %fSm «(tfi£>. , V JAMES H. BROWH ESSEX COUNTY. '.-1.1 and measures of the Republican party. He has served as a member of the township committee for tliree years and does all in his power to promote the growth and in- sure the success of his party. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Epis- copal church at Livingston, and are people of the highest respectability whose sterling- worth has won them the confidence, good will and high regard of manv friends. ED^^■ARD APEL. A nati\-e of New York city, Edward Apel Avas born March ig, 1853, and is a son of Henry and ]\Iary (Jvluecker) Apel. His ma- ternal grandparents were natives of Saxony, Germany, and after coming to America emi- grated to Kentucky, where they probably spent their last days. Henry Apel was born in the town of Bidebach in the kreis of Hirschfeld, in the pro-\-ince of Hessen, Ger- many, where he acquired his education and learned the trade of a tailor. In 1851 he crossed the Atlantic to New York city, where he followed his trade and conducted a successful business until his death, which occurred May 23, 1878, at the age of fifty- four years, for he was born March 16, 1824. His life was well spent and commanded the confidence and good will of all. In New York city he married Miss Muecker, ancl they became the parents of three children : Edward, of this sketch; Louisa, who was born March 18, 1855, ^"'^ married Chris- tian Gilman, by whom she has three chil- dren — Henry, Edward and Mamie; and Henrietta, who was born October 13, 1864, and is the wife of Edward Behar. a resident of Newark, their children being Nettie, Henry. Mamie, Edward and Agnes. The mother of our subject was born August 12, 1826, and died January 10, 1884. Like her husband, she was a consistent Christian of the Protestant faith. Edward Apel, who acquired his early ed- ucation in the public schools of Newark and under prixate instruction in both Ger- man and English, then learned the steam and gas fitter's trade, working as a journey- man until 1875, when he entered the em- ploy of the city, remaining in the govern- ment service for a year. He afterward fol- lowed various occupations until 1883, when he secured a situation with George Brueck- ner in the undertaking and embalming busi- ness, remaining with him imtil 1890, when he began business on his own account at No. 320 Springfield avenue. He has there a large establishment and is meeting with excellent success. On the ist of Novem- ber, 1893, he opened his present ofifice at No. 286 Springfield avenue. Mr. Apel was married in Newark, Feb- ruary 23. 1873, to Teressa Liebhauser, who w^as born April 5, 1853, and was a daughter of Christopher and Margaretta (Brickner) Liebhauser. She was a consistent Christian woman, holding- her religious membership in St. Marys Catholic church. She died August 2, 1895, leaving one daughter, Mamie, who was born December 18, 1875. Mr. Apel was again married May 9, 1897, his second union being with Charlotte Lang, a daughter of George and Elizabeth (Dieterle) Lang. She holds her ecclesias- tical membership in the Presbyterian church and is a most estimable lady. Mr. Apel is prominent in several civic societies. He belongs to Oriental Lodge, No. 244, I. O. O. F.; Newark Lodge, No. 21, B. P. O. E., of Newark; Alamo Council, No. 1749, Royal Arcanum; Newark City Camp, No. 21, Fraternal Legion; and Sago 154 ESSEX COUNTY. Tribe, No. 206, Improved Order of Red Men. In politics he is a Democrat of the true Jeffersonian type. JOHN REMER. The family of whom the subject of this bi- ography is a member came to America orig- inally from the river Rhine, Germany, where the name was spelled Reimer. The grandfather of Mr. Renier was a soldier in the war of 181 2 and a grandson of a colonel of the New Jersey volunteers in the Conti- nental arm\\ Jacob F. Remer, the father of John, was born at Long Hill, near Springfield, New Jersey, in 1800, and spent several years of his life in the state of New York, but about 1830 he came to Newark and near the time the city was chartered, in 1836, he em- barked in the grocery business in this place, which he conducted until the early '60s, when he engaged in the saddlery and har- ness business. He built the house in which our subject was born — the old building which is still standing next to the postof- fice in Academy street. Mr. J. F. Remer was married in New Brunswick, New Jer- sey, to Martha, daughter of Elias I. Thomp- son, a descendant of English pioneers who settled in Elizabethtown. He died in 1885, survived by his wife until 1892, when she was called to her eternal rest, at the ven- erable age of eighty-one years. Of their four sons and three daughters, our subject was the fourth in order of birth. John Remer Avas born in Essex county. New Jersey, on the i8th of July, 1846, and attended school until sixteen years old, when,. the needs of his country appealing to him and being imbued with the patriotic spirit that ])ossessed his ancestors, he an- swered the call for volunteers to assist in supporting the Union and enlisted in Com- pany B, Eleventh New Jersey .Infantry, in July, 1862. and served his country faithfully and efhciently for three years. The regi- ment went from Trenton into camp at Ar- lington Heights, Washington, D. C, and from there to the vicinity of Fairfax Court House, and Fredericksburg, \'irginia, sub- sequently engaging in its first battle at Chancellorsville. On account of illness Mr. Remer was detailed to duty in the medical director's office and was absent from his command luitil January, 1865, when he re- turned to the regiment and was immedi- ately transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, as a detail, with which he ended his services. He was mustered out in July, 1865, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and soon there- after was clerking for his father, who was engaged in the saddlery and hardware busi- ness in Mechanic street. In 1866 he en- tered the employ of the Morris & Essex Railroad Company as a clerk in the freight office, and such was his industry and ability that in two years he was promoted to the agency of the company at this jjlace. The business of the road at this time, as com- pared with that of to-day, was infinitely small, consisting of only about one-sixtii of the amomit accomplished at the present time. The Morris & Essex line was ab- sorbed by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad system in 1869, and Mr. Remer has been continuously in its employ since it was chartered. He has always dis- charged the duties incumbent upon his po- sition with fidelity, circumspection and en- ergv, and has won the confidence and re- spect of all with whom he is associated. He is interested in several other business enter- ESSEX COUNTY. OD prises, among wliich he is treasurer of the New Jersey Adamant Alanufacturing Com- pany. Socially he is a member of Damascus Commandery No. 5, K. T., Free and Ac- cepted Masons, and the Legion of Honor, and in religious matters he is a trustee of the First Presbyterian church, to which he renders liberal support. ALBERT F. PIERSON. Li tracing the genealogy of the Pierson family we find that its members have been conspicuously identified with the earliest history of New Jersey, and down to the present day representatives of the name have been prominently associated with the professional and commercial interests of the state. Thomas Pierson, Sr.. and his broth- er. Rew Abraham Pierson, are the first an- cestors of whom any record can be found. In the histories concerning the settlement of Newark, published at various periods, there is mention made of Thomas Pierson, Sr., as being "a near relative, possibly a nephew or brother, of Rev. Abraham Pier- son." On page 262 of the "Branford An- nals," published by the New Haven His- torical Society, is found the following rec- ord: "November 27, 1662, Abigail Pierson, daughter of Rev. Abraham, was married to John Davenport, son of Rev. John. * * * * * Q,.| |^]-,g same day Thomas Pier- son. brother of Rev. Abraham, married Maria Harrison, daughter of Richard." Thomas Pierson, Sr., came to Newark with the Branford settlers in 1666, and was one of the signers of the "Fundamental Agreement." In the first division of land he had for his home lot "six acres, bounded with the Common west, the High east, and the rear of other lots, together with Benja- min Baldwin, north." This property ex- tended from what is now High street to Brick Lane. He was one of the first set- tlers, if nut the first, of Watsessing, now Bloomfield. As appears by the records of i(>yC\ "he hath another parcel of land on both sides of the Second River, containing 20 acres in length. He hath another parcel of land, containing eighteen acres, lying upon Watsessing Hill, bounded on the south by Daniel Dodd, on the north by Benjamin Baldwin, on the east by the plain, antl on the west by the Brook." He also had a tract of land in Watsessing, accjuired by patent from Governor Carteret, as ap- pears by the following: "Thomas Pier- son, in November, 1690, conveyed for thirteen pounds to Daniel Roonros and Jasper Nessepot, both merchants of New York, all his ris'ht, title and interest in a certain parcel of upland, con- taining 20 acres, lying by the second River; bounded east, west, north and south by land unsurveyed, according to my Patent, granted by Governor Carteret, bearing date loth July, 1679." In a work called "Early Roads," mention is made of a "third going over," supposed to indicate a third crossing or ford of Second river, on Thomas Pier- son's land, about 1678. That he erected a house and located in this neighborhood is shown by the fact that Thomas Pierson's "fence" below Watsessing hill is mentioned in the records as early as 1695. The busi- ness of Thomas Pierson is indicated in an item which appeared in the Newark Rec- ords of I\Iarch 19, 1673: "It is also agreed that the weavers, Thomas Pierson and Ben- jamin Baldwin, shall be considered by the surveyors to make out their lots on the Hill shorter." In his will, dated 1698, the 156 ESSEX COUNTY. names of his children are given, as follows: Samuel, Thomas, Kaniiah, Abigail, Eliza- beth and Mary. The last named had one son, Sam Lyon. Of this family Samuel Pierson, the eldest son of Thomas and INIaria (Harrison) Pier- son, was born in Branford, Connecticut, in 1663, and was brought by his parents to Newark when but three years of age, ^vhence he doubtless removed with the fam- ily to Watsessing some years later. It is said that he was a carpenter by trade, but he turned his attention to farming and took lip a tract of land between the First and Second mountains, being one of the first settlers there. His name is first mentioned as one of the organizers of the Mountain Society. When a purchase of twenty acres of land was made for a glebe, January 13, 1719, the grant was made to Samuel Free- man, Samuel Pierson, Matthew Williams and Samuel Wheeler. Mr. Pierson was a deacon and a leading member of the new or- ganization. He died March 19, 1730, and was buried in the "old graveyard." He wed- ded Mary Harrison, daughter of his uncle. Sergeant Richard Harrison, and his children were: Joseph, born in 1693; Samuel, born in 1698; James, who was born in 1703 and died in 1777, leaving two sons, Moses and Daniel, the latter known as Judge Daniel; Caleb, Jemima and Mary Hannah. Dr. William Pierson, Sr., the eldest son of Dr. Isaac and Nancy (Crane) Pierson, was born in Orange, December 4, 1796. His preparatory studies were pursued in the Orange Academy, and he was gradu- ated at the College of New Jersey, in Prince- ton, in 1816. Under the direction of his father he began the study of medicine and later attended a course of lectures in the XJniversitv of Pennsvh'ania and at the Col- lege of Physicians in New York. On the completion of his covirse of study, he was licensed to practice by the Medical Society of New Jersey, in 1820, and received from that organization his degree of M. D. Later he ser\ed as its recording secretary for thirty years and was one of its most hon- ored and able members. He was thorough- ly devoted to his profession and enjoyed a very extended patronage, covering a wide territory. Public-spirited and progressive, he manifested a deep and commendable in- terest in everything pertaining to the public welfare and largely advanced the general good by his wise counsel and efficient serv- ices. In 1837-8 he was a member of the state legislature of New Jersey, was a di- rector of the board of freeholders, sheriff of Essex county from 1846 to 1850, and was also prominently connected with various commercial interests which largely pro- moted the public welfare as well as ad- vanced his individual prosperity. He was instrumental in the promotion and con- struction of the Morris & Essex Railroad and was one of the incorporators of the Newark Savings Institution, serving as its vice-president for many years. He was the original promoter and became one of the incorporators of the Rose- dale Cemetery, of Orange, in 1840, and continued an active trustee until a short time before his death, when he resigned. ^^'hen the town of Orange was incor- porated, he was elected its first mayor and served continuousl_\- in that ofifice for three years. On his retirement from that position he served for three years as a member of the common council. He was very prompt and faithful in the discharge of his public duties and his name was inseparably connected with the best ESSEX COUNTY. 'D/ development of the county. Dr. Pierson married ^liss Alargaret Hillyer, a daughter of Rev. Asa Hillyer, D. D., who for many years was pastor of the First Presljyterian church of Orange. Their children were Jane Riker, Anne, William, Edward Dick- son and Margaret Riker. Rev. Albert Pierson, the father of our subject, was the second son of Dr. Isaac Pierson. and was born in Orange, New Jersey, December 17, 1798. He acquired his preliminary education in the Orange Academy, and when fifteen years of age matriculated in the junior class of Prince- ton College, where he was graduated in 1 816. He was one of four who divided the first honors of his class and was a man of scholarl}- tastes and attainments, who left the deep impress of his individuality upon the mental culture of Essex county. In early life he determined to engage in the practice of law, and as late as 1820 was still a student in the office of Mr. Frelinghuysen, of Xewark, but soon afterward he resolved to abandon the law for the ministry, and liecame a teacher and theological student in the Bloomfield Academy, of which institu- tion Dr. Amzi Armstrong was then presi- dent. In Alav, 1824, Mr. Pierson was ap- l)ointed professor of languages by the Presbyterian Education Society, and two years later was made principal of the academy. On the 7th of April, 1827, in Bloomfield, Rev. Pierson and Miss Jane Armstrong, daughter of Rev. Amzi Arm- strong, were united in marriage by the Rev. ]Mr. Judd, and in December of that year Rev. Pierson united, by let- ter, with the Presbyterian church of Bloom- field, having made a public profession of his faith in the Presbyterian church of Orange in 182 1. He made many pleas- ant friendships, of lifelong duration, in the years which he spent in Bloomfield. He continued his connection with the Bloom- field Academy until the spring of 1831, when he resigned and removed to Or- ange, where he was engaged in teach- ing, with brief periods of change, until near the close of his life. He was very suc- cessful in his educational work, and won the esteem of his pupils by his learning and unassuming dignity. Although a man of positive convictions in religion and poli- tics, and extremely conscientious in all the relations of life, he was liberal in his views and charitable in his judgment of others. He passed away June 10, 1864. His chil- dren were ^^'illiam Hugh; Frances J.; Sarah R., who became the wife of Jacob L. Hal- sey; Rev. George and Albert F. Rev. George Pierson, another son of Dr. Isaac Pierson, was born in 1805 and died in 1880. He was a clergyman and was the first pastor of the Second Presbyterian or "Brick" church of Orange, New Jersey. He married Eliza L. Day, a daughter of Stephen D. Day, and after her death he wedded Caroline Stall. His children were Wilson G., Caroline Elliott, Stephen and Sarah Ann. In taking up the personal history of Al- bert F. Pierson, we present to our readers the life record of one who has long been prominently and honorably connected with the business interests of Orange, and who by the faithful discharge of all the duties of public and private life, and liy his support of all measures for the public good, has be- come a valued citizen of the community. During the civil war he manifested his loy- alty to his country by following the stars and stripes on the battlefields of the south, and in the days of peace the same fidelity ms ESSEX COUNTY. to all the duties of citizenship mark his public career. Mr. Pierson was born in Orange, De- cember 19, 1838, his parents being the Rev. Albert and Jane ("Armstrong) Pierson. He acquired his early education in the district schools and ]jartly under the instruction of his father. At the age of seventeen he re- moved to the west, locating in Kendall county, Illinois, where he engaged in agri- cultural pursuits for several years. At the out])reak of the Rebellion he enlisted in Company K. Twentieth Illinois Infantry, under conunand of Colonel C. C. Marsh, but remained in the service but a short time when he was taken ill, his regiment being at that time in Missouri. Being totally un- fitted for duty, he was granted a furlough and returned to Kendall county, Illinois, where he suffered a severe illness of six months' duration. Through the mediation of some friends he was then brought to Orange and reported to the government authorities on Bedloe's island, in New York harbor, being finally discharged in Novem- ber. 1862. Mr. Pierson then returned to his home in Orange, but in June, 1863, re-enlisted, in Captain Rolierts' indei:)end- ent company, of Newark, \\ith which he served a short time. Again returning home Mr. Pierson en- tered upon a business career in connection with Mr. Mandeville. under the firm name of Mandeville & Company, dealers in flour and feed, with of^ces and store rooms in Willow Hall, Orange. In 1868 Mr. Pier- son organized the firm of A. F. Pierson & Company, and engaged in the coal and wood business, in connection with his other enterprise. In 1870 he embarked in the sale of masons' materials, as a member of the firm of Matthews & Pierson. Our sub- ject continued his connection with these various enterprises until 1872, when he withdrew from the flour and feed business and also sold his interest in the store of masons" materials, continuing, however, as the senior member of the firm of A. F. Pierson & Company in the coal Imsiness. This enterprise is a very profitable one, ow- ing to the extensive patronage which the firm receive and which has come to them as the result of their honorable dealing and their courteous and fair treatment of their customers. Mr. Pierson was married October 19, 1876, to Adelaide Decker, a daughter of John W. and Maria Louise (Hawes) Deck- er. They had two children: Albert H., who is now a student in Princeton College: and Alfred, who died at the age of five years. The wife and mother passed away May II, 1897. She was a consistent mem- ber of the Second Presbvterian church of East Orange, and her many excellencies of character won her the regard and friend- ship of all with whom she came in contact. Mr. Pierson also l:)eIongs to the same church and contributes liberally to every in- terest that will advance the moral, educa- tional, social or material welfare of the com- numity. His political support is given the Republican party, but he has had neither time nor inclination for public office. His attention is given to his business interests, in which he has met with signal success. Often do we hear it said of those who have attained prosperity that they have risen to ]iosition of affluence through advantageous circumstances, and yet to such carping criti- cism and lack of appreciation there needs be made but the one statement that fortunate environments encompass nearly every man at some stage in his career, but the strong ESSEX COUNTY 159 man ami the successful man is he who realizes the intrinsic value of minor as well as great opportunities; who stands ready to take advantage of circumstances and who even molds adverse conditions until they serve his ends. Mr. Pierson has recognized the opportunity for accomplishment when it was presented, and to this attribute of his character, combined with unfaltering in- dustry, may be accredited the gratifying success which he has won. high rank with the most prominent lawyers of the state. I\Ir. Pitney is a man of family. He was married in 1890, and resides in one of the pleasant homes of Newark. JOHN O. H. PITNEY. Essex county. New Jersey, has its full quota of bright, up-to-date legal lights, and among the prominent and representative members of the bar of this county is found the above named gentleman. Mr. Pitney is a native of New Jersey. He was born in Morristown, this state, April 14, i860, son of Henry C. and Sarah L. (Halsted) Pitney. In his natix'e town Mr. Pitnev was reared and received his early education. Then he entered Princeton University, of which fa- mous institution he is a graduate with the class of 1 88 1, and on his return from col- lege he began the study of law in his father's office at Morristown. He was admitted to the bar in 1884, in June, and in September of that year formed a partnership with Frederick H. Teese, witi whom he was as- sociated until the death of Mr. Teese, in January, 1894. Since that date Mr. Pitney has practiced alone. He is a young man well fitted for his profession both by in- herited and acquired ability, his make-up including all the qualifications of the first- class lawyer, and in consideration of the suc- cess he has already attained it is fair to pre- sume that he will at no distant dav take MICHAEL MAHER. Back to stanch old Irish stock does Mr. Maher trace his lineage; and that in his character aljide those sterling qualities which lia\e ever marked the true type of the Irish nation is manifest when we come to consider the more salient points in his life history, which has been one marked by persistent industry and unwavering honor, — which qualities have eventuated most na- turally in securing him a position in the respect and esteem of his fellow men. He was born in county Tipperary, Ire- land, September 26, 1852, and is a son of Jeremiah Henr_\- and Catharine (Griffin) Alaher. He was the third in order of birth in a family of four children, namely: Jo- hanna, who is married and resides with her famil)- in Australia; Mar\-, who is married and also lives in that country : Michael ; and Bessie, who is a resident of \Voonsocket, Massachusetts. The father of this family died in his native land, and the mother passed away in 1894. at an advanced age. Michael Maher acquired his education in the common schools of Ireland, and when quite young began learning the black- smith's trade under the direction of his father and his uncle Jeremiah. When a }outh of fourteen years he decided to come to America, that he might take advantage of the better opportunities afforded here. Crossing the Atlantic he landed at New ^S'ork and finally located in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, \^•here he secured employ- i6o E8St:X COUNTY. meat at his trade, making that city his home until 1871. when he came to Newark. Entering tlie employ of John Bowne, he remained in his serxice as a journeyman for seven years, when he came to East Orange, in ]\Iarch, 1879, and began business on his own account. He has been very successful in his labors, and in 1892 erected his pres- ent block on ]Main street, where he is con- ducting a large and profitable business. He is a self-made man whose frugality, enterprise and honorable dealing have brought to him a substantial reward for his labors, Mr. Maher was married in Newark, Oc- tober 30, 1877, to ]\Iiss Mary Connelly, and they now have six living children, namely: Mamie Josephine, Elizabeth, James John, Genevieve, Augusta and Lauretta. Air. Maher and his family are all communicants of the St. Rose of Lima church, Roman Catholic, at Newark. HENRY CLAY McBRAIR, known as a substantial citizen of Liv- ingston township, is a native of New York city, his birth having occurred on the 15th of July. 1847. His parents were also born in America's metropolis, but the jiaternal grandfather, James McBrair, was a native of Paisley, Scotland, Emigrating to Amer- ica, he became one of the directors of the Washington Fire Insurance Company of New York, and was very prominent in fire insurance circles. John ]\IcBrair, the fa- ther of our subject, was a dry-goods mer- chant in his early business career, but later engaged in the tire-insurance business as secretary of the A\'ashington Company. When a young man he kept the first set of books of the Eric canal. He was a promi- nent member of the volunteer fire organi- zation of New York city and in all com- mercial transactions managed his interests with an abilitv that lirought him handsome financial returns. He married Margaret Ann Varian, whose ancestors were among the first settlers on Alanhattan Island. New York. In August, 1865, his life's labors were ended by death, and his wife, sur- A'iving liim for a number of years, passed away in April, 1880. They were the par- ents of twelve children, of whom three are now living, namely : Alargaret, wife of William V. Hanson, of Brooklyn; Eliza, wife of Andrew Marshall, of Brooklyn; and Henry C, of this review. At the parental home Henry C. McBrair was reared to manhood, and the public schools afforded him his educational privi- leges. At an early age he accepted a clerk- ship in the establishment of Harry Miller, a ship chandler of New York, x\-ith whom he remained for two years, after which he spent two years in the employ of E. & G, Blunt, dealers in nautical instruments on South Water street. New York. Since 1869 he has not been in active business, but has speculated in real estate, and has made some very paying investments in property whose rapid rise in price has brought him a handsome income. He is a man of ex- cellent business and executive ability, far- sighted in all transactions, and his sound judgment and keen discernment seldom allow him to make a mistake. His reliabil- itx, too, is one of his marked characteris- tics, and has won him the confidence of the public in a large degree. On the 2d of February, 1870, -Mr. ]\Ic- Brair led to the marriage altar Miss Susan A. Winans, a daughter of William B. U'in- ans, of Li\'ingst<>n township, and a native ESSEX COUNTY. i6i of Livingston. This union has been blessed with six cliildren, as follows : Wil- fred Clayton, a resident of Essex Falls, New Jersey, who was born July 13, 1871, and married Dorinda Kent; Robert James, who was born September 15, 1873: Horace Linden, born June 26, 1877; Florence, born September 16, 1879, and died August 31, 1891,; Bertha Marion, born April 22, 1887; and Annie Gladys, born August 27, 1889. Mr. IVlcBrair has maintained his resi- dence at his present home for a quarter of a century. To be a resident of this section of the county and not know Mr. McBrair, is to argue one's self vmknown. His genial manner, affability and kindness have won him the warm regard of all with whom he has come in contact, and his sterling worth commands the respect of his fellow towns- men in an unlimited degree. He is now serving as trustee of the Olivet Chapel, of Livingston. In politics he is an independ- ent Democrat and has been very active and prominent, exerting a wide influence in his partv. However, he has never consented to accept public ofBce, content to fill the position of a "high private" in the ranks of American citizenship. THE SMITH FAMILY. If biography be "the home aspect of his- tory." as Willmott has expressed it, it is entirely within the province of true history to commemorate and perpetuate the lives and character, the achievements and honor of those who have lived and labored to goodly ends; and if any stimulus is needed in this liehalf it may be found in the caustic words of Burke, that "those only deserve to be remembered who treasure up a history of their ancestors." Each state presents with pride her sons as her jewels, and the annals of New Jersey bear up a wealth of iiistorical data in connection with old and honored families established within her pre- cincts in the early colonial epoch. Well may the present and succeeding genera- tions hold in high estimation the record which touches the lives and labors of those who have wrought nobly for the common- wealth in the past, and in this connection there is peculiar interest attaching to that old-established family whose name is borne by the immediate subject of this review. Tradition, — which, however, is well forti- fied by authenticity, — pronounces that the original American ancestor of this particu- lar branch of the Smith family was one James Smith, who is accredited with having emigrated from Scotland to America as early as the year 1680, being at the time a mere youth and an orphan. The cap- tain of the sailing vessel on which he found passage landed at the old historical sea- port town of Perth Amboy, New Jersey, and he assumed guardianship of the orphan lad who had thus come to seek his fortunes in the New World. The captain brought him to Newark, where he bound him out to serve an apprenticeship of seven years with Deacon Azariah Crane, son of Jasper Crane, who was one of the first settlers in what is now the city of Newark. Deacon Crane was a blacksmith by trade, and, ac- cording to the English custom, young Smith served the full apprenticeship cover- ing the period noted. After thus becoming eligible as a journeyman, Mr. Smith as- sumed domestic responsibilities by taking unto himself a wife, in the person of Mary, a daughter of Deacon Crane. He forth- with engaged in business for himself, his modest establishment, the scene of his con- 1 62 ESSEX COVXTV. secutive and sturdy endeavors, having been doubtless located within the present cor- porate limits of the city of Newark. After a number of years Deacon Crane took up his abode on what he termed his "mountain plantation."' having presented to his daughter, Mary, after her marriage to ]\Ir. Smith, a small portion of this farm or purchase. — said portion having been lo- cated on the southerly side of the tract. The site of his house was on the east side of the mountain, near what is now generally known as the Bradwell house, in West Orange. The Crane plantation extended north to the Wheeler tract, running from the top of the south side of the Northfield road, thence along the southerly side of the Wheeler tract to Scotland street and including the property afterward owned by Caleb Harrison and still later inherited by his son, Simeon Harrison. About this time many of the residents began looking up lands in what are now known as the town- ships of the Oranges, Bloomfield and Mont- clair, and James Smith secured possession of a tract which eventually became known as Scotland Ridge, though he himself ap- plied to it the title of Bushy Plain. Said domain extended from the south side of what was then Peck tract, on Scotland road, — property now owned by Charles A. Lighthipe — which was the southerlv side, the main street being the northern bound- ary of the same. James Smith was also one of the number who effected the Horse- neck purchase of the Indians, — the same in- cluding all the lands west of the Orange mountains and east of the Passaic river. He became a man of marked influence in the connnunity. was successful in his efforts and was known for his sterling attributes of character. It is conjectured that James Smith, the American progenitor, was born about the year 1665. and his death occurred, in Orange, about 1727, at which time he had attained the venerable age of seventy-two years. Of the children of James and Mary (Crane) Smith we make brief record as fol- lows: James, born 1694; Joseph, in 1701; John, in 1703; David, born in 1705, mar- ried Martha Freeman, daughter of Samuel Freeman: and besides these there were Ebenezer, Alary, Hannah, Sarah and Jane. David Smith, who figures in the direct genealogical line in the ancestry of the im- mediate subject of this sketch, married Mar- tha Freeman, and they took up their abode in a one-story double house, with the gable end fronting on Scotland street. Accord- ing to family tradition the gable end and chimney were substantially constructed of stone, and it is recorded that the west gable was cracked from top to bottoni by an earthcjuake which occurred in 1776. There is extant no definite information as to the time of the death of ]\Iartha (Freeman) Smith, but it is supposed that she died about 1805 or 1806. while she is said to have attained remarkable longevity, being a centenarian at the time of her demise. David Smith died February 5. 1777. at the age of seventy-two. Of the children of this marriage we accord such record as is acces- sible: Moses married Esther Campbell, daughter of John Campbell; James, 1740, married Eleanor, daughter of Amos Har- rison; Joseph married Phoebe Sargeant; Samuel, 1745, married Eunice, daughter of Ezekiel Baldwin; David went west prior to the war of the Revolution and all trace of him was lost: Phoebe, 1736, married Jabez Condit. son of Philip Condit of Morristown; Nehemiah was a cripple and of unsound ESSEX COUNTY. 163 mind; Martha married Isaac Harrison, son of Amos Harrison: Rachel never married. Samuel Smith, son of Da\id and Martha (Freeman) Smith, was born in 1745. and married Eunice Baldwin, who was born on Connecticut Farm, New Jersey, October 10. 1745. and who died December 19, 1831, aged eighty-six years. They lived in the homestead on the east side of Scotland street, south of Tremont avenue, where his death occurred February 13, 1800, at the age of fifty-five years. Their children were as follows: Caleb, born in July, 1778, married Sarah Garthwaite, and died July 4, 1867; David, born February 17, 1780, mar- ried Elizabeth Garthwaite (sister of Sarah), who was born IMarch 27, 1790, and who died June 6, 1867; Rachel died in infancy. John Garthwaite, father of Sarah and Elizabeth, was an active participant in the war of the Revolution, entering the Con- tinental ranks at the beginning of the great struggle for independence and receiving an honorable discharge at the expiration of three years. He, however, continued to ser\-e in the patriot army during the entire period of the war, receiving his discharge at the end of the seven-years conflict which had gained to the colonies the boon of freedom and had hurled oppression back for all time. He was twice taken prisoner, but managed to elude the vigilance of his captors on each occasion, without waiting for his libertv through exchange. He was once wounded, but did not leave his post on the field by reason of his injuries. The headquarters of his command were at Mor- ristown, and Mr. Garthwaite assisted in the building of the famous Fort Nonsense. He diefl in 1S34, at the advanced age of ninety- two years. Caleb Smith, son of Samuel and Eunice (Baldwin) Smith, was born in July, 1778, and married Sarah Garthwaite, who was born October 27, 1787, and who died Oc- tober 26. 1847. They lived on Scotland street, occupying the southern half of the old homesteatl farm. Besides devoting himself to agricultural pursuits Caleb Smith carried on a successful enterprise in the manufacturing of harness and horse col- lars. He died March. 16, 1866, at the age of eighty-seven years. Of his children we are enabled to offer the following record: Samuel, born November 14, 1804, married Caroline P. Tichenor, daughter of Stephen Tichenor, son of John ; Mary, born No- vember 27, 1805. died in 1809; John G. married Martha Quinby; George married a Aliss Edwards; Mary Ann died in 1894, unmarried; Albert married Naoma Gray, and after her death espoused Sarah Wood; Caleb 01i\er, born November 8, 1815. died May 7, 1 88 1, aged sixty-six: Edward G. was twice married, his second wife having been Margaret Rofi'; David G. married Phoebe Curry; Aaron Augustus was thrice married. — first, to Henrietta Gray, secondly to ^lary A. Coleman, and thirdly to a Miss Ward; Elizabeth: George died October 12. 1846: and Sarah became the wife of Charles Lighthipe. Da\'id Smith, son of Samuel and Eunice (Baldwin) Smith, married Elizabeth, daughter of John Garthwaite, and their children were as follows: William B., born April 26, 1809, married Mary Reynolds; Mary, born November 22, 1810, married John T. Tichenor: Jeptha, born March i, 1812, was married first to C. D. Connet and second to M. G. Halsted; Caroline, born September 19, 1813. married William H. Edwards; Susan, born August 10. 1815, married J. Burrows: Sarah A., born March 164 ES^'^RX COUNTY. 17, 1817, married Foster Lent; Samuel M., born February 4, 1819, married Ann Vin- cent; Abby, born July 29, 1820, married Jacob E. Vandewater; Silas, born ]March II, 1822, .married Jane Harrison; Robert B., born January 19, 1824, married Cather- ine Squire; Charles, born December 12, 1825, married Mary E. Knowels; Alon- zo, born February 23, 1828, mar- ried Nancy K. Halsted; Edwin, born July 26, 1830, married Lydia Morgan; Louisa, born April 28, 1832, married John W. Coleman; David, born December 25, 1834, married Ellen O'Nal. David Smith was a native of Orange, having been born on the old homestead, on Scotland street, February 17, 1780. He was reared on the paternal farmstead, receiving his education in the conmion schools and early in life learning the shoemaker's trade, which he followed in connection with his farming pursuits. Inheriting the intense loyalty and patriotism of his race, he was one of those who went forth to do valiant service in the war of 1812, and in acknowledgment of his services an appreciative government accorded him a bounty of one hundred and sixty acres of land in the west. This tract he sold without having seen it. He died July 4, 1867, and his wife, Elizabeth, had preceded him into eternal rest by about a month, her demise having occurred on June 6th of the same year. Jeptha Smith, son of David and Elizaheth (Garthwaite) Smith, was born in Orange on the 1st of March. 1812, learned the shoe- makinp- trade and in 1837 removed with his family to Newark, Ohio, where he engaged in the shoe business, which he continued until 1858, when he returned to the east, locating at Brooklyn, New York, where he became concerned in the manufacturing of shoes, under the firm name of J. A. Smith & Brothers. The enterprise soon attained extensive proportions and became one of the most important industries of the sort in the Union. He continued to be identified with this magnificent business until 1887, when, by reason of his advanced age, he retired from active life, disposing of his interests to Ephraim Martin. He is now maintaining his home with his daughter, in Passaic, New Jersey. He married Cather- ine D. Connet, a native of Morris county. New Jersey, and a descendant of one of the most prominent of the old families of the state. Their children were as follows : Ed- ward P., the immediate subject of this sketch; Mary E., who is the wife of J. W. Clements, of Passaic; James L., who died in California; Horatio Nelson, now deceased; Sarah C, the wife of Ephraim Martin, of Brooklyn, who is carrying on the shoe- manufacturing business establisheil by her father; Alfred W., who is engaged in the shoe business at Lynn, Massachusetts. Mrs. Catherine (Connet) Smith died De- cember 26, 1884, Edward P. Smith is a native of Orange, New Jersey, where he is known as one of the most prominent builders and contract- ors of the section and as one of the repre- sentative citizens of the locality where his family has been established for so many generations. He was born August 17, 1834, and was but two years of age at the time of his parents' removal to Newark, Ohio, where he was reared to manhooB, receiving his educational discipline in the public schools and assisting his father in the store. Upon attaining his legal ma- jority he determined to prepare himself for the practical duties of life by learning a trade. Accordingly, in 1854, he came to ESSEX COUNTY. 165 Newark, where he served an apprenticesliip at the carpenter's trade, under the firm of Calaway & Headley, after which he was em- ployed as a iourne\'man until 1864, when he began operations upon his own respon- sibility, associating himself with Thomas Williams, under the firm title of Williams & Smith. They opened an establishment in Orange and the partnership continued for a term of years, when it was dissolved and Mr. Smith formed a business alliance with John Edwards, under the name of Smitli & Edwards, which association has ever since obtained, the firm's headquarters being lo- cated at 24 North Center street. Orange. They carry on a general contracting and building enterprise and have erected many of the beautiful homes which have made the Oranges so attractive as a residence sec- tion. In his political adherency Mr. Smith ren- ders a stanch allegiance to the Republican party, and as a progressive, public-spirited citizen he has been called upon to serve in positions of distinctive trust and respon- sibility. He served as township committee- man for four years and as chairman of the board for one year of this time, while at present he is township treasurer. Frater- nally he is identified with the Masonic order, being a Master Mason in Union Lodge, No. II, F. & A. M., of Orange, while his life has been so ordered as to gain and retain to him the respect and confi- dence of all with whom he comes in contact. On the loth of December, 1862, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Smith to Miss Emily Knapp, a native of Tory Cor- ners, West Orange, and a daughter of Is- rael and Dorcas (Williams) Knapp, both of whom are representatives of old New Jer- sev families. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have one child. Willard K.. who is connected with the Chronicle, the leading newspaper of Orange. He married Bertha Gunther, of Newark. The family residence is one of the attractive homes of Orange, being of modern architectural design and showing in its surroundings and eciuipments the most artistic and cultured taste. The house is situated on a most beautiful site, at the foot of the Orange mountains, near the celebrated Eagle Rock, and within a few minutes' walk from the beautiful I^lewellyn park. JOHN TOLER, deceased, was numbered among the manu- facturers of Newark who aided in making this one of the leading industrial centers of the east. He established the John Toler & Sons Company, manufacturers of mal- leable-iron wares and iron castings for piano frames. In trade circles he was re- garded as a most reliable and trustworthy man, and his reputation in this direction, added to the excellence of the wares which he manufactured, brought him an exten- sive and profitable business. Mr. Toler was a native of Ireland, his birth having occurred in county Clare in 1815. His education was rather meager, for the advantages which he received were limited to those afTforded Ijy the common schools of the neighborhood. With his parents he came to America in 1831, tak- ing up his residence in New York city, where he was apprenticed to learn the busi- ness of manufacturing surgical instruments. On the completion of his term of service he worked as a journeyman for a short time and then became engaged in the man- ufacture of furniture castors in New York 1 66 ESSEX COUNTY. city. In this venture he soon succeeded in building up an excellent trade, but the high rent which he was forced to pay in New York led him to remove his business and factory to Newark. He accordingly located in the Heddenburg building on Warren street, where he remained for six years, when lie erected a suitable building for his foundry work on Chambers street. In 1868 he purchased the tract of ground on Adams street and erected there commo- dious buildings in which to conduct his business, this step having been necessitated by his rapidly increasing trade. In 1871 he took up the general iron-foundrv work and engaged in the manufacture of castings for pianos, this enterprise proving a valuable addition to his already successful business. Being a man of social and genial nature, he, in 1852, organized and thoroughly equipped the first military company in Newark, known as the Montomer_\' Guards. On being elected captain of the company, and being well acquainted with military tactics, it was not long before the Montomerv Guards were known as the pride of Newark. During the reign of the Montomery Guards, and previous to the breaking out of the Rebellion, there were several local organizations, known respect- ively as the American Continentals, the American Guards and the Irish Volunteers, all of whom volunteered their services to the government on the breaking out of hos- tilities, amongst the first to ofYer their ser- vice being the Montomery Guards; but at that time they were to all intents and pur- poses to be mustered into the First Regi- ment of New Jersey. Through some unfore- seen circumstances (or the will of the pow- ers that were) the Guards, on presenting themselves to the official of Newark, were ordered to be mustered in under another command, with no appointment for Captain Toler. The Montomery Guards to a man refused to join any regiment in which their organizer and captain was not given the right of position to which he was entitled, being the senior officer from Newark, and having, from past competitive drills with dif- ferent military organizations in New York and vicinity, shown his ability as a com- manding officer. The ramification of this was afterward shown, when the Montom- ery Guards enlisted under Sickles' brigade and mustered in as Company A of the Seventy-first New York A'ohmteers, Cap- tain Toler then being appointed drill-mas- ter for the regiment. Here in this position he showed his ability as a commanding officer, a rank which his own state denied him. He serxed through the memorable battles of Dumfries, Yorktown, Williams- burg, Seven Pines, Fair Oaks, and both l)attles of Malvern Hill, .\fter the battle of Fair Oaks he received his commission as major of the Seventy-first Regiment, and for the next two years saw service through every battle participated in by Sickles' bri- gade. After the two years' service he was compelled to return to his home an in\alid, honorably discharged with the rank of colonel. To the older generation and his personal acfpiaintances he was always known as "Major." Honored and respect- ed by all. he passed to his eternal rest April 14, 1896, aged eighty-one years, life's work having been well and faithfully performed. \lv. Toler was regarded as a sagacious and practical business man, just and honor- able in all his transactions, and his close attention to his interests, his careful nian- aerenient and sound judgment brought to ESSEX COUNTY. 167 him a most gratifying success. He was al- ways deeply interested in all matters re- lating to the general welfare and the public good, ami withheld his support from no mo\ement calculated to advance the educa- tional, moral or material interests of the connnunitv. Politically he was an ardent Democrat of the true Jeffersonian type and served for one term as street commissioner of Newark by appointment of the mayor. He was a liberal contributor to church and charitable enterprises, and was a devout Catholic in religious faith, a communicant of St. Patrick's cathedral of Newark. He was married in Newark to Eliza Den- man, a daughter of Joseph Denman. a rep- resentative of one of the old New England families. To them were born the following children: Francis J., who died January 5, 1873, leaving a wife and one daughter, Ella; Martha, wife of Francis Young, by whom she has four children, — Annie, Clara. Fran- cis and \'ivian; Charles H.i and Mary, wife of Frank Price. Charles H. Toler, the third of the family, was born August 13, 1843, and was edu- cated in the public schools of Newark. At the age of sixteen he learned the founder's trade with his father and on attaining his majority became interested with his father in the manufacturing business. In 1894 the firm was incorporated under the name of John Toler, Sons & Company, with the father as president and Henry J. Ill as secre- tary and treasurer. After the death of the father, Charles H. Toler succeeded to the presidency of the company and is now man- aging the afifairs of the company with marked success and excellent business and executive ability. Their trade is steadily increasing and the enterprise is one of the important concerns of the county, giving employment to a large force of operatives. Charles H. Toler was married March 26, 1865, to ]\Iiss Mary Ackerson. and they have four children. — John, Mary, Freder- ick and William. JOSEPH FEWSMITH, JR., was born at Auburn, New York, January 31, 1 85 1. His preparatory education was received at Phillips Academy, Andover, and in 1871 he was graduated at Yale Col- lege. Ha\ing spent two years in prelim- inary study, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and there received his degree of M. D. in 1874. Soon after graduating he became house surgeon in Roosevelt Hospital, New York, a position which he occupied for some time, and then went to the city of Vienna, Aus- tria, where he entered the General Hos- pital as a student and assistant. Return- ing, he established himself as a practitioner in Newark, New Jersey, where, in addition to his private practice, he has been physi- cian at the City Dispensary, St. Michael's Hospital and St. Barnabas Hospital, and was for some time a medical examiner for the [Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Com- pany and the Royal Arcanum. A. H. OSBORNE. "History is the essence of innumerable biographies," said Carlyle, and the annals of Essex county are formed of the lives of those who have been prominent factors in her educational, moral, political, military and business interests. For twenty-three years Mr. Osborne has carried on the drug business at No. 193 Main street, of Belle- ville, and is one of the enterprising, re- 1 68 ESSEX COUXTY. liable and respected merchants of the town. He was born there Jul}- 23, 185 1, and be- longs to one of the oldest families in this section of New Jersey. His father was Henry Osborne, and his mother was Cath- erine Osborne, a daughter of Abraham P. Sanford and a descendant of one of the pioneer families of the county, of Holland origin. The first of the name to locate here received by grant a large tract of land, which extended from Newark bay to Hack- ensack, on the east bank of the Passaic, and many of his descendants have been exten- sive land-owners. Henry Osborne was a shoemaker by trade and followed that business in pursuit of fortune for a long period. Prominent in the affairs of the community he served as tax collector of Belleville for fifteen years and was very wide!}' and favorably known. He died in 1892. and his wife passed away in 1884. They were the parents of five chil- dren, namely: Moses and Adelaide, now deceased; Joseph H., of Belleville, who occupies the important position of super- intendent in the works of Heath & Drake, of Newark; Eugene, deceased; and A. H. No event of special importance occurred during the childhood and youth of Mr. Os- borne, who was reared in Belleville, and in 1867 began to learn the drug business in the store of I. W. Ketcham. In 1875 he began business on his own account at his present location, where he has remained for twenty-three years. Pie carries a large stock of goods and has a well equipped store which enables him to readily supply the wishes of his many ])atrons. He is also a partner in the firm of W. E. Sanford & Company, proprietors of a general market in Belleville. Mr. Osborne was joined in wedlock with Miss ]\Iary E. Dickinson, of Belleville. So- cially he is connected with the Knights of Honor, the Royal Arcanum, and the League of American ^\'heelmen. In poli- tics he is a Democrat, and has been hon- ored with a number of local offices of pub- lic trust. In 1879 lis ^^'''s elected a member of the township committee, served as its chairman for two years, has been township tax collector since 188S. antl has served four or five terms as fire commissioner. He takes a very active interest in politics, has been a member of the Democratic county committee, and is a capable worker in the behalf of Democracy His well spent life connnends him to the confidence and esteem of all with whom he has been brought in contact, and his reputation in business, political and pri\-ate life is alike unassailable. HORACE ALLING has. stood forth as a central figure in the business life of Newark for half a century, and to his discretion. fc;)resight and superior ability is due the splendid success that has crowned his eft'orts. No honors of a polit- ical or ])u1ilic nature has he sought, but his example is probably of more benefit to the majority of mankind than that of heroes, statesmen and writers. In addition to his business interests his energies have long been devoted to the furtherance of many enterprises which have for their object the uplifting of man and the ijromulgation of higher standards among humanity. Honorable in business, loyal in citizenship, charitable in thought, kindly in action, true to every trust confided to his care, his life is the highest t\'pe of Christian manhood. Born in Newark. New Jersey, on the ^lu-'i Cz-cc^e^ ,^yftu-^\. ESSEX COUNTY. 169 24th of September, 1822, Mr. Ailing is a son of David and Eunice (Roberts) Ailing, and a lineal descendant of Roger Ailing, a member of the band of Puritans, and one of the original proprietors of New Haven. Connecticut. He was also a signer of the compact of 1639, 'i'^*^ took an active part in the establishment antl affairs of the colony with which he was identified. His son re- moved to Newark in the second deporta- tion from New Haven, about 1670, and thus the family was founded in Essex county, where its representatives soon took a leading part in the development and progress of the county. Since that time the Ailings have been numbered among the best citizens, and in the quieter walks of life the subject of this review has pro- moted the material and moral welfare of the county, in a manner most commend- able and worth}". Mr. Ailing is now the only survivor of a family that once numbered fi\'e sons and one daughter. His education was thor- ough and systematic, being obtained in the Newark Academy and other preparatory schools. It was his intention to pursue a collegiate course, but ill liealth prevented him from executing this purpose, and at the age of sixteen he entered upon his busi- ness career as a clerk in a dry-goods store. After a short time, however, he left that employ and entered upon an apprenticeship at the jeweler's trade under the direction of his brothers, Isaac A. and Joseph C. .\1- ling, well known jewelers of Newark. His service began in June. 1841, and continued for nine years. He gained a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the business, and in 1850 entered into partnership with his brothers under the firm naine of Ailing Brothers. For thirtv-five vears he was connected with the jewelry trade, and the establishment with which he was con- nected was one of the most popular, ex- tensive and thoroughly equipped in their line in the city. Their patronage was ex- tensive and they did a \-ery profitable and satisfactory lousiness. Mr. Ailing did not confine his attention alone to one enterprise, having been long connected with some of the most impor- tant financial institutions of Newark. He was one of the original board of directors of the Prudential Insurance Company of America and is now its treasurer. He is also a director of the Newark Firemen's Insurance Company and has been invited to join the directorate of a number of bank- ing institutions, btit has always declined, feeling that his duty lay in other directions. His business methods have ever been most honorable and his dealings will bear the most scrutinizing investigation. His trust- worthiness has undoubtedly been one of the most important factors in its success, and, combined with his excellent executive abil- ity and sound judgment, has brought him the prosperity' which is the laudable goal of all Inisiness ventures. In his home life Mr. Ailing is ever cour- teous, considerate and hospitable. In early manhood he was married. j\Iay 31. 1848. to Miss Julia Etta Ball, of Newark, who traces her genealogy to Milford, Connecticut, where the first of the name settled about 1667. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Ailing, of whom two, H. Fred- erick and Clarence \V.. now survive. In jwlitics Mr. Ailing is a stanch Repub- lican. He has been a lifelong follower of the Christian religion. ha\ing become a member of the Third Presbyterian church of Newark, in 1838, while since 1868 he ]70 ESSEX COV^'TY. has faithfully servetl as ekler therein, and for several years a member of the board of trustees. His energies, money and coun- sel have been given freely for the upbuild- ing of the cause, and his work in this direc- tion has not been without excellent results. He is a life director of the American Sun- day-school Union, a life member of the American Tract and Bible Societies, and a member and treasurer of the board of man- agers of the Children's Aid Society and So- ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Chil- dren, organized in 1868. He is also a trus- tee of the Newark Academy, and a life member and director of lioth the Xew Jer- sey Historical Society and the Washington Association of New Jersey. His interest in all matters pertaining to the intellectual and moral welfare of his native county is marked and deep, and his influence has led many others to support such enterprises. THE NEWARK EVENING NEWS. This journal was first published on the 1st of September, 1883. A short time pre- viously the Evening News Publishing Com- pany was organized, with W^allace M. Scud- der as president and treasurer and Henry Abbott Steel as secretary. The business was incorporated for the purpose of pub- lishing the above named journal, which each evening has heralded the news of the world to the citizens of Newark and vicin- ity. The enterprise has been a successful one, and the News has continuously main- tained its place among the leading journals of New Jersey. Its office and printing house were first located at No. 844 Broad street, and on the ist of January. 1894, were removed to the present quarters at No. 215 Market street. I-'rom the time of its first publication to the present, Wallace AI. Scudder has been the publisher and business manager, and Henry Abbott Steel has been the editor. Both are reliable and prominent business men, and under their able control the paper has reached a large circulation and has met with a merited pros- perity. THE :\IUNN FAMILY. The origin of the name of Munn is not definitely known, but it is doubtless of great antiquity, as shown in the armorial bearings of the English branch of the family, viz. : Arms. — Per chevron sable and or, in chief three bezants and in base a castle triple- towered of the first. Crest. — A dexter arm in armor, holding a lion's paw erased ppr. Motto. — "Omnia vincit Veritas" — truth conquers all things. Benjamin Mun, the .\merican ancestor of this branch of the Munn family, was, in 1637. a resident of Hartford. Connecticut, but he removed to Springfield. Massachu- setts, in the same year. He joined John Mason's company in an expedition against the Pequots in 1637, and was at the attack on the fort at Groton, Connecticut, where several hundred Indians were slain. This expedition followed an attack made by the Indians upon Wethersfield, where many settlers were killed. In May, 1637, Mason set out with his followers and was joined by Uncas, chief of the Mohegans. The Pe- (|uot fort was a formidable affair, but it was surprised, stormed and carried l)y assault, with terrible destruction of the natives, who nex'er recoxxred from the blow inflicted. The renniant of the tribe was nearly anni- hilated not long afterward in the swamp lands near Fairfield. Mason's company con- ESSEX COUNTY. 171 sisted of only seventy-seven Enejlislimen. while the savages numbered about ten times that number. As they were strongly en- trenched behind almost impassable pali- sades, the Mohegan and Narragansett In- dians that had joined the expedition de- serted before the assault took place. Upon his return he received, with others, by "the town's courtessie," in 1639, a grant of land on the east side of the "cow-pasture lane," now known as North Main street. He was the official "viewer of chimneys and ladders" in Springfield, the duties of which referred to precautionary measures to pre- vent fires originating in the thatched roofs then universally used. In 1653 he was fined the sum of five shillings "for taking tobacco in his hay-cock." He married April 1.2, 1649, Abigail, daughter of Henry Burt, widow of Francis Ball, and took up his res- idence where now is located Court Square and the Chicopee Bank building. The chil- dren of this union were : Aljigail, borne ye 28 of ye 4 mon, 1650; John, borne ye 8 day of 12 mon, 1652; Mary, who married Na- thaniel Wheeler; Benjamin, borne the first day of ye i mon, 1655; James, bornethe loth day of 12 mon, 1656; Nathaniel, borne the 25th day of ye 5 mon, 1661. In 1665, being- very weak and aged, he "was exempted from military service." He died in Novem- ber. 167-:;. and tradition has it that he was killed by the Indians, although the details of his death are not recorded. Nathaniel, youngest child of Benjamin and Abigail (Burt) Ball Mun, was born in Springfield, Massachusetts. July 25, 1661. Married Sarah Chapin, daughter of Japhet Chapin, of Springfield. Massachusetts. March 24, 1689. They had seven children: Sarah, born September 10. 1692; Abigail, born April 9. 1696; Benjamin and Hannah. twins, born May 28, 1698 (Benjamin died June 2, 1698); Benjamin, born August 12, 1700; Samuel, born July 20, 1706; John, born January 24, 1708. "He was deacon of the First church in Springfield; dyed the 31st day of December, Adomi, 1743, in the 63d year of his age." Benjamin Mun, sqn of Nathaniel and Sarah (Chapin) Mun, was born August 12, 1700. Married, December 30, 1731, Re- becca Russell, daughter of Adonijah Rus- sell, of Brimfield. Massachusetts, and had is- sue. Benjamin, Ijorn October 8. 1732; Jo- seph, born May i, 1734; Abner, born July 28, 1736: Abigail, born September 14, 1739; Reuben, born April 25, 1742; Rebekah, born December 1 1, 1745; Mary, born Octo- ber I, 1749; Jeremy, born April 11, 1754. In 1715 the new settlement of Brimfield was opened up. and young Benjamin, together with ten others, became the original proprietors of the new township. In 1760 the part of Brimfield in which Benjamin resided was set apart as a separate township under the name of Monson. "On petition of Benja. Munn Voted to abate the Highway Rates of those Soldiers in the Continental service the vear past." (See records of Monson. June 24, 1776.) Reuben Munn. son of Benjamin and Re- becca (Russell) Munn. was born April 25. 1742; married Hannah . and had is- sue. Alfred, born October 29. 1769; John, born January 17. 1771 : Elizah. born Sep- tember 7. 1772; Julius, born February 9. 1774; Rice, born May 17. 177^1; Cyrene. born November 12. 1777; Paniela. born April 13. 1780: Fidelia, born June 17, 1783; Oral, l.)orn August C^. 1785; Ulysses, born July 14. 1788. Widow Hannah Munn died at Monson. Massachusetts, October 4. 1823, 172 ESSEX COUNTY. aged eighty years. It was he who, wlien on June 24. 1776, the town passed a vote as to the attitude the town should take in relation to.joining the Continental forces, made the following record on the minutes of the town meeting, \iz. : "Voted unanimously for Indipency." At the time of the alarm roll call, previous to the battle of Lexing- ton, he formed a company and marched, on April ig, 1775, to Cambridge, where he re- ported for service. His name appears with the rank of "Captain in the Lexington Alarm Roll of Captain Reuben Alunn's Company." He served under General Gates at Ticonderoga, and in 1778 was raised by ballot of the house of representatives to the rank of second major of the First Regiment in Hampshire county, and finally was raised to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of the First Berkshire County Regiment. He was in- strumental in suppressing the disorders arising at the close of the war. and he formed a company, which he marched to the front at the time of Shay's rebellion. However distressing the condition of the revolutionists may ha\'e been, and how- ever serious their grievances, he had no sympathy for those who endeavored to re- dress their wrongs by taking up arms aeainst their country. Rice Munn, son of Reul)en and Hannah Munn, was born May 17, 1776: died March 12, 1866. JMarried La\ina Shaw, of Mon- son; born November 19. 1778; she died April 15, 1867. They had five children, viz. : Pamelia, born May 9, 1803. died August 22. 1880: Oril. born July 29, 1807, died July ifi. 1891; Adaline, born IMarch 11, 181 1, died August 31, 1894; Rice Shaw, born Octol)er 17, 1814, died February 15, 1890; Orson Desaix, born June 1 1, 1824. Rice exempli- fied the sterling ([ualities of the Puritan stock from which he was descended, and was upright and honest in all his dealings with his fellowmen, a true friend, a good father and husband, and a man of more than average ability. He never aspired to great worldly wealth, but like the good parson Oliver Goldsmith describes in his poem, the Deserted Village, "he was passing rich on forty pounds a year." It would be true to say of him. "he was one of nature's no- blemen." Orson Desaix Munn. youngest son of Rice and Lavina (Shaw) Alunn, was born in Monson, Massachusetts, and was edu- cated at JMonson Academy, an institution which had more than a local reputation, young men from distant sections of the country being attracted by its superior ed- ucational facilities. Soon after reaching the age of twenty-one years he was in- formed by an old school companion, Alfred E. Beach (at that time engaged with his father in the publication of the New York Sun), of a good opening for business. He started at once for New York city, and to- gether with his friend Beach, purchased for a few hundred dollars the Scien- tific American plant, the publication having been founded a few months liefore In- Rufus Porter. The co- partnership of Munn & Company was formed in 1846, and was continued without interru]:)tion up to January i, 1896. when Mv. Beach passed away, necessitating the conversion of the old firm into a corpora- tion, which is still conducted under the orig- inal firm name. Munn & Company, and without change of management. It is seldom that a young man's first busi- ness venture continues with uninterrupted success for half a century, but Mr. Munn proved to be well adapted to his calling. ESSIJX VOLWTY. 1/3 His tastes and inclinations all ran in this direction, and under his management the Scientific American and the other pubUca- tions issued from the office of Alunn & Company have acquired influence and standing. Immediately after Air. ]\Iunn and his partner, j\Ir. Alfred E. Beach, assumed con- trol of the paper they established an agency "for the soliciting of patents" for inventors, not onl}- in the United States, but in all for- eign countries. This branch of their busi- ness became at once an important adjunct to the puljlication of the Scientific Ameri- can, and continues to this day a most impor- tant branch of Munn & Company's business. Air. Alunn was thus brought professionally into contact with many of the most distin- guished inventors and thinkers of the last half century. Among such who may be mentioned as having been specially instru- mental in the early industrial development of this countrv. are Alorse, Ericsson. Eads, Howe, \\'ilson. Stevens. Cooper, Alaxim, Gatlin, Woodworth, Blanchard, AlcCor- mick and a host of others. In his desire to escape the turmoil of the city, it was eminently fitting that Llewellyn Park, the suburban paradise of the metrop- olis, should become the summer home of the still active publisher and world-wide known patent attorney. Some thirty years ago Air. Alunn purchased a large plot in the park, which he has made to "lilossom like the rose." He has a large and taste- ful villa fronted by a well kept lawn, and the grounds were laid out to correspond with the natural elevation of the land and the topography of the country. The nine terraces rise one above another, each cov- ered with a variety of plants and flowers, inspiring the beholder with the thought, as he attempts to ascend, that he is truly '"stepping heavenward." Air. Alunn's possessions in the park com- prise sixty acres, and in addition to this he has a large farm on the top of the mountain, where he is engaged in raising a breed of cattle, hitherto but little known in this country. They are the Dutch belted or blanket breed of cows, natives of Holland, and though in appearance they resemble the Holsteins, yet are a distant family, an- tedating the se\-enteenth century, when the cattle interests in Holland were in a thrifty condition and this type and color were established by scientific breeding. Their form is usually very fine and their hardy and vigorous constitutions enable them to stand sudden changes in the cli- mate and thrive on any variety of fodder. Air. Alunn has been very successful in rais- ing this breed of cattle and is proud of the result which has attended the exhibition of his stock every autumn at state and county fairs. Air. Alunn married Julia Augusta Allen, August 15, 1849. She died October 26. 1894, leaving two sons, who are asso- ciated with their father in the publication of the Scientific American and the patent de- partment of this office. ALBERT BAILEY BALDWIN. a well known and highly respected citizen of East Orange, enjoys the distinction of having been born in the distant land of China, where his parents were stationed at the time in the performance of missionary duties. His birth occurred in the city of Foo-Chow. province of Fo-Kien. on the 26th of December. 1861, a son of Rev. C. C. and Harriet (Fairchild) Baldwin. The 174 ESSEX COUNTY. father is a son of Eleazar Baldwin and Jemima (Matthews) Baldwin, and was born in Bloomfield, Essex county, New Jersey, his primary mental discipline being re- ceived in the public schools of his native countv. His next step in the line of educa- tional attainments was to enter Princeton College, after which he secured his degree of doctor of divinity and was graduated at a seminary in Baltimore, Maryland. But a short time elapsed before he was assigned to missionary duty in China, under the auspices of the American Board of Commis- sioners of Foreign Missions. On the 28th of September, 1849, he married Miss Har- riet Fairchild, who accompanied him to his new field of laliors, and after a long and tedious journey they reached Foo-Chow, where they at once entered upon their mis- sionary work and continued the same for a period of forty-seven years. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin comprised the following: Harriet Gertrude, born Oc- tober 10, 1850, married David Gerry, of East Orange, who was a descendant of Governor Elbridge Gerry, of Massachu- setts; Caleb Clifton, born at Foo-Chow on the 1 6th of February. 1851, died nine days later; Mary Jane, born June 9, 1853, died April 7, 1859; Cecil Fairchild, born May 21, 1854, died February 3, 1859; Sarah Cummings, born November 26, 1855, died at Orange, New Jersey, Novemljer 29, 1866; Helen Burrows, born at Orange June 8, 1857, died April 19, 1858; Ella Matthews, born at Orange on the 5th of September, 1858, died November 21, 1858; Albert Bailey, our subject; Alice Mills, born at Foo-Chow on the 6th of February, 1864, married Dr. W. C. Ivobbins and they at present reside in Durban, state of Natal, an English settlemciU in South Africa; Agnes Seymore, born November 10, 1865, mar- ried William Fairchild, of Summit town- sliip, Essex county, and they have one child, whose name is Winifred. Albert Bailey Baldwin was nine years old when his parents returned to Orange for a rest from their missionary labors in China, and he obtained his early education in the district schools, attending the same for two years, when he went to Newton, Massa- chusetts, and there completed his studies. He entered upon the practical duties of life in Boston, Massachusetts, where he em- barked in the piano-tuning business in a large factory, where he remained for over fifteen years. In 1891 he returned to Orange and established himself in his trade, and has since built up a large and remuner- ative business througliout the Oranges, where his popularity is a recognized fact. Mr. Baldwin celebrated his marriage on the 6th of May, 1884, when he was united to Miss Sarah J. Davis, a daughter of John and Harriet (Watson) Davis, and they are the parents of four children, as follows: Clifton Davis, born January 18, 1885; Alice Harriet. July 18, 1889; Albert Fairchild, March 8, 1892; and Cyril Crockett, Novem- ber 21, 1893. Both Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin are consistent members of the Congrega- tional church. Mrs. Baldwin, the mother of our sub- ject, was l)orn in Bloomfield. New Jersey, and after spending forty-seven years of her life in the missionary fields of China, her health began to fail and she returned to the United States, finding a home with her daughter. Mrs. William Fairchild, at Sum- mit, New Jersey, where she passed to her eternal rest on the 29th of July, 1896. Mrs. Baldwin's maiden name was Harriet Fair- child, and her birth occurred on the =;th of ESSEX COUNTY. '/:> Novemlier, 1826, lier motlier l)eing a very devout Christian. Tlie daughter received lier echication in the seminary of her native city, which was conducted by Mrs. Harriet B. Cook and her son, the former of whom was noted in parts of New Engfland and New Jersey as an able teacher and adminis- trator. To the devotion and careful train- ing: of "Mother Cook" the loved pupil owed much of her fitness for future work on heathen soil. She was graduated at the seminary in 1847, having occupied for a few vears, as a pupil, the jjosition of assistant teacher, and on the j8th of September, in the same year, she married Rev. C. C. Bald- win, and together they sailed from Pliila- delphia on the nth of November. 1847, by way of the Cape of Good Hope, to the newly opened missionary field in Foo- Chow, reaching that city on the 7th of May, 1848. Mrs. Baldwin was unusually efifi- cient in \-arious branches of mission work, and of her many lal^ors her husband writes appreciatively as follows : "For about se\en years she superintend- ed the first regularly organized girls' board- ing school. Her peculiar gifts and fitness for educational work also found full scope, almost from the beginning of the mission, in organizing and managing numerous common schools. She worked courageous- ly and i^ersistently, believing that such schools, under wise and improved methods, would prove a success even among heath- en people, in spite of their inveterate preju- dices. In a like spirit she \isited women in their homes, trusting that they could be raised from their degradation by the love and truth in Christ. She had very strong literary tastes, working with a keen relish over geographies and maps in tlie Foo- Chow colloquial style, written in Chinese characters and now used in the three mis- sions, in schools, and sold among the peo- ple. Much more serious was the task of preparing and publishing the Foo-Chow Manual, and revising proof sheets of a dic- tionary of ele\'en hundred pages in English and Chinese. This she did in concert with her husband, assisting him also in settling the text of his share of work in the transla- tion and revision of the whole Scriptures in the Foo-Chow dialect, her judicious sug- gestions iielping him over the "hard places.' One other qualification for missionary work should be luentioned. She had rich poetical and musical talents. She dearly loved sacred song and was herself a sweet singer till her voice failed in strength. She loved to write humorous rhymes, as well as more serious pieces, to please the little ones, while the love-light in her eyes was enough in itself to draw- them close to her side. Scattered among her promiscuous pieces and hastily penciled jottings we find pre- cious gems of thought to remind us of the departed one." Mrs. \\'oodin, who for thirty-six years la- bored side by side with Mrs. Baldwin, has expressed her affection and liigh regard for her co-laborer in the following terms: "Our dear sister, Mrs. Baldwin, pos- sessed rare qualifications for usefulness as a missionary. She was a fine Chinese schol- ar. I think we unanimously gave her the first place among the missionary ladies at Foo-Chow for her thorough familiarity both with the written and spoken language. She was a laborious student of the native tongue, sparing neither time nor effort that she might perfect herself in it. We young- er sisters all looked up to her as our teach- er, and she was often called u])on to answer difficult questions and give us the benefit f ESSEX COUXTT. 177 employed at his trade until 1869, after whicli lie was variously engaged until 1874. In that year he embarked in the wholesale egg and cheese business at 193 Broome street, up to 1892. when he came to his present location. The business he has since conducted with remarkable success, his store being located at Xo. 35 Avon Place. Newark. Mr. Hunkele was married April 14, 1861, to Miss Catharine Huether, who was born 'May II, 1838, a daughter of George A. Huether, who was born in Baden. Ger- many, and was a cabinetmaker by trade, but after coming to America engaged in the manufacture of trunks in Newark. To Mr. and ^Irs. Hunkele have l)een born the following children : One who died in early life; Sophia R., who was born April 3, 1863. and died April 6, 1888; George A., who was born November 11, 1866, and died November 13. 1869; Anna, who was born August 8, 1868, and died November 25, 1869; Harry H., who was ])orn December 30, 1869, and married Miss Fredericka Roessler, by whom he has one daughter, Florence; Emma, who was born November 14, 1871. and married Charles Roessler, her death occurring June 30, 1897, two children, Harry and Lilian, being left to mourn her loss; George, who was born September 5, 1873, and is his father's assistant in business; Ann, born August 5, 1875; Catharine, liorn December i, 1876; Rosa, born February 20, 1879; and Elias W., bom March 13, 1881, The three sons, Harrj' H., George and Elias W'., are en- gaged with their father in business. The parents attend the Episcopal church, and Mr. Hunkele is a member of Lincoln Post, G. A. R.. while to the Republican party he giAcs his political support. He is ii— 12 an energetic business man, to whose nature indolence and idleness are utterly foreign. He justly regards earnest, honorable labor as the road to advancement and financial success, and in this path he has reached the goal of prosperity. THE ORANGE VOLKSBOTE. which is printed in the German language, is devoted to the interests of the German- American residents of the Oranges. It is Democratic in politics and is a six-column paper, issued weekly. It was established in 1872, by Darnstaedt & Erdnian. In 1876 August Erdman, the junior partner, pur- chased ]\Ir. Darnstaedt's interest in the pa- per. ]\Ir. Erdman continued as its editor and publisher till his death in 1890, when he was succeeded by his son, Charles Erd- man. In 1892 Ernest Teninie, a well known Newark newspaper man, bought the Volksbote and he is still its editor and pro- prietor. He is also city editor of one of the Newark German dailies. The Orange Sonntagsblatt is a German paper published on Sundays. It was established in 1883 bv August Koehler, its present editor and l)roprietor. It is Democratic in politics. THE ORANGE JOURNAL. So far as journalism is concerned. Orange was for many years a suburb of Newark, depending on the one Newark paper for its local news. With the exception of deaths and marriages. Orange supplied but little material for the columns of the paper, but when, early in the '30s, New York mer- chants commenced buying farm lands and converting them into villa plots, ample space was given to record the facts and other items of interest growing out of the change. It was not until 1854, when the E8SEX COUXTY new element liad largely supplanted the old, that the people of Orange realized the importance of having a weekly journal of their own. The project originated with Robert Seers, a New York publisher, who came to Orange in 1850. He talked over the matter with his friends and neighbors, and the result was that Edward Ciardner offered to start a weekly paper, provided the people of Orange would furnish a cap- ital of $1,000. A canvass was made and forty individuals subscribed $25 each, among whom was E. O. Doremus, of East Orange, from whom tliese facts were obtained. The Orange Journal was then started, with Ed- ward Gardner as editor and proprietor. There were no separate local govern- ments then, and the four Oranges were un- der one name and municipality, and this was the only paper in Essex countv out- side of the city of Newark. The size of the paper was then 24x37 inches, quarto, seven columns. In i860 Mr. Gardner disposed of the nroperty to Henry Clay Bloomfield and Henry Farmer. At this time it Iiad en- larged its pages to 28x40 inches and in- creased the number of its columns to eight. These gentlemen retained proprietorship until July 13, 1861, when Mr. Gardner again took possession and remained at its head until April 30, 1870, and on May 2 of the same year he disposed of it to J. M. Reuck. of the New York Evening Post. For six years, or until April i, 1876, the Journal was conducted by Mr. Reuck as a Repub- lican paper, and on that date he disposed of it to Oliver Johnson, of the New York Tribune. Mr. Johnson brought to the ed- itor's chair an experience and ability which enabled him to advance the Journal to a leading position among the papers of the state. He made many improvements in the paper, changing it from a folio to a quarto, adding new type and expending a large sum in making it conform to his literary and artistic taste. Not having real- ized his monetary anticipations, Mr. Johnson disposed of his interest to Samuel Toombs then city editor, who at once changed the character of the paper by confining its work almost wholly to the local field, magnifying local interests, giving full and accurate reports of all local affairs. In 1883. believing that the time had come when the citizens of Orange would appreciate an advance in newspaper work, Mr. Toombs issued the Journal as a semi-weekl}-. He continued until 1885, when it was purchased by its present owner. As soon as Mr. ^^'illiams seciu'ed the Journal he thoroughly overhauled the es- tablishment, putting in a new Campbell press, with new type, and enlarging the paper to 29x42 inches, nine columns. The first issue under his manage- ment was on April but it was not until a later date that all the improvements were completed, and the Journal made an attractive appearance in its enlarged form, tidy dress and makeup. In June, 1895, the Journal was incor- porated as the Orange Journal Publishing Comi^any. under the laws of New Jersey, Mr. Williams, of course, retaining the con- trolling interest. The present members of the editorial staff of the Journal are : Edgar Williams, editor and proprietor; Frank H. Jamison, city editor; Eugene W. Farrell, business manager; William J. Fitzgerald, advertising manager. The paper has stead- ily gained favor under the present manage- ment. In politics the Journal is Republican, but, although the editor continues the policy of ESSEX COUNTY. 179 his predecessors in maintaining the prin- ciples of the Republican party, he is not so l^iased that he cannot condemn his own party wlien occasion requires, or applaud a political adversary for meritorious acts. Not only is the Journal appreciated by resi- dents of the Oranges for the large amount of interesting local news furnished each week, but a glance at its columns shows that it is valued l)y merchants as an adver- tising medium, circulating as it does not only in the Oranges but in some of the other villages about this noted cluster. The advertisers are not confined to the resi- dent merchants, but some of the largest houses of New York and Newark, realizing that the trade of Orange is not wholly con- fined to local houses, liberally advertise for a share of it. The progress and growth of the Oranges is reflected in the growth of the Journal, and it is a representative paper of a ffourisliing and highly-favored com- munity, a welcome visitor to homes where the word "welcome" is always uttered with the emphasis of sincerity. Edgar Williams, to whose energy and enterprise the Journal owes its greatest success, is the first one of its proprietors during its forty years' existence who is a native of Orange. His ancestors were among the sturdy founders of this portion of Essex county, while as a molder of pub- lic opinion he is foremost in the ranks of its modern builders. Earnest and inde- pendent as a man, he voices the sentiments of his party without being partisan. His utterances have no uncertain sound, and they ccMue from the honest convictions of an honest heart, trained in the school of an honest ancestry. He was born in Orange, a son of Leander and Emily \\'illianis, and is a direct de- scendant of the first Matthew Williams, through Matthew (2), Gresham, Joseph, Zophar. Job, father of Leander. His great- grandfather, Joseph, served with the Essex county militia in the war of the Revolution. Mr. Williams' preparatory course of edu- cation was received in the public and pri- vate schools of his native city. Four years in the office of Blake & Freeman (one of the leading law firms in the county), with ample facilities for acciuiring a knowledge of the law, failed to awaken in him any de- sire to follow that profession. Later, while a student at Phillips Academy, at Exeter, New Hampshire, he was enabled to gratify his taste for journalism which he formed in early life. He became business manager of the Exonian, a school paper that was highly creditable to its projectors. Even in this limited sphere he showed his capacity for this kind of work. He did not carry out his plan of entering college, owing to circumstances over which he had no con- trol. After he returned to his native city he decided to adopt journalism as a profes- sion. Being a Republican and a man of de- cided convictions, it was but natural that he should avail himself of the first oppor- tunity for engaging in work of this charac- ter, and when he found the Journal was for sale he was not long in deciding to pur- chase. For a man without practical knowl- edge or experience other than that men- tioned, his success has been marked. He had his own ideas of what a paper of this charact.er should be, and, with due defer- ence to his predecessors who had estab- lished the reputation of the Journal, he marked out a line for himself to which he has strictly adhered. "Principle, not pol- icy," is his motto, and while working for the success of his party he has never hesi- i8o ESSEX COUNTY. tated to criticise its acts nor to condenm its individual members when occasion re- quired. That his efforts to serve his par- ty have been appreciated was shown at the sessions of the legislatures of 1894-5, when he was made engrossing clerk of the house, an ofBce of great responsibility and trust, the duties of which he discharged to the satisfaction of the legislature and by uni- form courtesy won the approbation of all parties. In 1896 Mr. Williams was ap- pointed to the corresponding office in the senate, where he added to the good reputa- tion made in the house. Mr. Williams is in touch with every movement that tends to promote the moral, intellectual or physical development of his native city. He is a member of the Orange Board of Trade, the New England Society, East Orange Republican Club, East Or- ange Improvement Society, Orange Athletic Club and Orange Council, Royal Arcanum. He is also a member of the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, by virtue of his great-grand- father's service in the war of the Revolu- tion. Dr. John Condit, who was surgeon of Colonel Van Cortlandt's battalion of Heard's brigade. Mr. Williams married Miss Gertrude A. Robinson, daughter of James Robinson, of East Orange. His children are Revsis G., Edgar and Kathryn Smith. Eugene William Farrell was born in South Orange, July 22, 1871. He is the business manager of the Orange Journal and the South Orange Bulletin, both pub- lished by the Orange Journal Publishing Company. Mr. Farrell was educated in the parochial and public schools of his native village. When he left school he went to work as of- fice boy in the office of the South Orange Bulletin when that paper was owned by F. D. Crozier. Mr. Farrell soon showed his love for the newspaper business, and while with the Bulletin he became South Orange correspondent for the Newark Daily Ad- vertiser. Mr. Farrell left Mr. Crozier's em- ploy to accept a position in the office of the Orange Journal, and when Edgar Williams, the editor of the Journal, bought the Bulletin, Mr. Farrell was made business manager of both papers. Aside from his connection with the Orange Journal Pub- lishing Company, Mr. Farrell and Frank H. Jamison represent out of town papers as their correspondents for the Oranges, in- cluding the Newark Evening News and the New York Sun. Mr. Farrell is well known in the newspaper fraternity in Essex county and is vice president of the Newark Press Club. Frank Harrison Jamison, citv editor of the Orange Journal, was born in Orange on December 20, 1873, and for the past four years has been connected with the Jour- nal, serving as reporter for a year, then be- ing made city editor. Mr. Jamison has al- ways been interested in newspaper work. When thirteen years of age he began con- tributing to the Newark Sunday Call from seaside resorts and served that paper as a summer correspondent for five years. He was educated at the Orange high school, graduating in 1892. During the last two years of his course there he edited and pub- lished High School Life, founding the pa- per in 1891. W'ith his graduation the paper discontinued publication. During the four years of his high-school course he was em- ployed at the Orange postoffice as clerk in the registry and money-order departments. In addition to his work on the Tournal Mr. ESSEX COUNTY. i8i Jamison conducts, in conjunction with Eugene W. Farrell, a successful newspaper correspondence bureau. William J. Fitzgerald, the advertising manager of the Orange Journal and the South Orange Bulletin, was born in South Orange, on September 12, 1871. He was educated in the Alaplewood public school and in St. Mary's parochial school, South Orange. Mr. Fitzgerald has only been in the newspaper business for three years, but during that time he has made a good rec- ord as an advertising solicitor. He is a wide-awake and energetic young man. Be- fore accepting a position with the Orange Journal Publishing Company, Mr. Fitz- gerald did suburban work for the Newark Daily Advertiser. THE ORANGE RECORD. The next to enter the field for journalistic honors was the Orange Record, started in 18G7 by Michael Purcell, a former em- ploye of the Journal. Others had already conceived the idea of starting another pa- per, believing the time was ripe for such an enterprise, but Purcell, being on the spot, was the first to make the attempt. His means were limited and he had many obstacles to contend with, and after a few months' trial he sold his interest to Hugh P. Shields, a bright young Irishman, who had served in the war and acquired some experience as a newspaper correspondent. He met with no better success, however, than his predecessor, and the Record ex- pired just before Christmas, in 1868. THE ORANGE CHRONICLE. The death of the Record in its infancy did not discourage Frank W. Baldwin from making another attempt in this direction. He had watched the growth of his native town and was nearly ready to begin opera- tions when his ri\'al une.xpectedh' came to the front. When at last the opportunity came for carrying out his cherished project, he hurried to his native town and pur- chased the plant of the Record, which had fallen into the hands of its creditors. As- sociated with him in the enterprise was Jo- seph Atkinson. It was found that the plant of the Record could be purchased for eight hundred dollars; as the partners had but two hundred each to invest, the balance re- mained on chattel mortgage. They began operations on January ig, 1869, in a little store on Main street. The ensuing nine days were occupied in preparing for the first issue of the Orange Chronicle, and on Sat- urday, January 27, the first edition made its appearance, having been printed on a Washington hand press. Four members of the craft connected with the Newark Jour- nal came up and worked until midnight, without pay, to aid their fellow-craftsmen in getting their paper out on time. One thousand copies were printed, but many of these were distributed free in order to in- troduce the paper, and it was not until the second or third issue that the bona-fide cir- culation was established. Then the regular edition settled down to between two hun- dred and three hundred, from which point it steadily increased. Isaac P. Baldwin, the father of Frank W., rendered material aid to his son in soliciting and collecting. In September, 1869, Mr. Atkinson sold his interest to Joseph B. Loomis, and in Octo- ber, 1870, Frank W. Baldwin purchased the latter's interest, since which time, up to date of incorporation, in 1892, he has been its sole owner. The Chronicle grew in favor and on July 1 82 ESSEX COUNTY. 23, 1870, it was enlarged from a seven col- umn paper, 24x36 inches, to an eight-col- umn sheet, 27|x4i-J. A cylinder press was purchased, operated by man power, capable of printing one thousand impressions per hour. On October i, 1881, the Chronicle was enlarsred to 28x42, and again on Octo- ber 23, 1883, to 29x42. The size of the page was reduced on May 12, 1888, to 26 X40, but two more pages were added, and subsequently two pages at once till the maximum normal issue has reached four- teen pages. Special holiday editions of six- teen pages and cover, handsomely illumi- nated, have been issued during the past five or six years, and on January 27, 1894 — the twenty-fifth anniversary of its first pub- lication — the Chronicle appeared in one of the most beautifully illuminated covers ever issued from any suburban press. This edition contained a complete history of the enterprise from its inception to that time, including brief notices of the several mem- bers of the editorial staff who had been con- nected with it at various periods. The of- fice and composing room were also in- cluded, and every one — from foreman to "devil" — was honorably mentioned. Among those who have contributed materially to its success are : Elbridge G. Bunnell, first city editor; Isaac P. Baldwin; A. H. Ward, foreman; Charles Starr, city editor (now editor and proprietor of the East Orange Gazette; L. C. McChesney, city editor; Horace E. Kimball, and F. C. Shann. In April, 1889, the first bookbindery ever existing in Orange was established as a part of the Chronicle plant. The enterprise was an experiment, but has exceeded the anticipations of its proprietor and has received the hearty encouragement and support of the business community. As a family paper, neutral in politics, the Chron- icle has few equals and no superior in the state of New Jersey. Clean, bright, newsy and attractive, it is always a welcome visitor in the homes of the Oranges. Frank Wilfred Baldwin, the founder of the Orange Chronicle, is a lineal descendant of one of the founders of the Oranges, and has been one of the most successful builders. In molding public opinion, in promoting public enterprises and in educating the masses up to a higher standard of virtue and morality, die has rendered valuable service to the place of his birth. His line of descent is through — Joseph Baldwin, of Milford, Connecti- cut, 1639, who by his first wife, Hannah, had Joseph, born 1640; Benjamin, 1642; Hannah, 1644; Mary, 1645; Eliza, 1646; Martha, 1647; Jonathan, 1649; David, 1651, and Sarah, 1653. Of these, Joseph, Benjamin and Jonathan are named among the Newark settlers. Jonathan was born February 15, 1649; married, first, Hannah Ward; second. Thankful Strong; had a son, John; and died December 13, 1730. John was born May 22, 1683, died January 20, ^773- He had a son, Ezekiel, who was born December 19, 17 19. His son, Caleb Bald- win, was born October 21, 1757, and mar- ried Lydia Johnson, and had eight children, of whom Isaac, the fifth, was born July i, 1791, married Nancy Hopper, and had a son named Isaac Preston. The latter was born on Scotland street, Orange, June 17, 1821, married Abby Dean, daughter of VinerDean. The second child of this mar- riage was Frank Wilfred. Frank Wilfred Baldwin was born on the corner of Valley road and Mount Pleasant avenue. Orange, June 26, 1846. Starting out in life at the carlv age of thirteen, with i:ssi:x couxTY, ^83 a fair knowledge of the elementary branches acciuired at the public schools of his native town, he was soon able to support himself. He worked at odd jobs for the first three or four years, and in 1862 found employment as clerk with a Xew York publishing firm. He availed himself of this opportunity to acquire a knowledge of the details of other departments than that to which he was as- signed, especially of the printing depart- ment, with which he became thoroughly familiar. In 1868 he obtained employment in the office of the Newark Daily Journal, and there received his journalistic training which was the foundation of his successful career as editor and publisher of one of the best conducted weeklies in the state of New Jersey. He did not wait for "something to turn up," but with true journalistic enter- prise he w-as quick to "turn up" the first opportunity which presented itself, and he got in ahead of his competitor and secured the prize. But for his indomitable will, te- nacity and steadfastness of purpose, the prize might have slipped from his grasp, for he had little conception of the obstacles to be met and overcome. The plant which he purchased of his predecessor was limited in quantity and poor in quality. His little cash capital was soon exhausted and with little or no credit, "a steady outgo for ma- terials and wages, it was for a time up-hill work, and oftentimes so discouraging that thoughts of giving up the struggle often presented themselves." He held on, how- ever, and his efforts were eventually crowned with success. The name selected for the paper was an indication of the char- acter of its founder — a true and faithful chronicler of passing events. On January 27, 1894, he celebrated the twenty-fifth an- niversary of the founding of the Chronicle, and, without egotism, he could truly say, "This is my monument." From the begin- ning of his journalistic career his individual- ity has been stamped on every page of his journal and he has invariably pursued a straightforward, independent course, with- out fear or favor. His belief in the brother- hood of man has been exemplified in his treatment of his employes, some of whom have grown up with him from boyhood, and through his assistance and encourage- ment have not only accumulated property but have become "bright and shining lights" in the profession. With journalism as a profession, the cul- tivation of his musical talents and the pro- motion of musical organizations has been his pastime. He founded, in 1881, the Orange Mendelssohn Union, composed of the best musical talent in the Oranges, and this has been one of the most successful organizations of its kind in this or any other suburban city or township in the state. Gifted by nature with a good tenor voice and a passionate love of music, ]\Ir. Baldwin has availed himself of every oppor- tunity for the cultivation of vocal and in- strumental music from early childhood, and during this period he has enjoyed frequent intercourse with the musical celebrities of the day. His influence in the community in educating the people up to a high stan- dard of musical attainment has been marked and positive. He has achieved dis- tinction as a musical critic and is a per- former on the violin and other stringed in- struments. Of these he has a rare and val- uable collection. Mr. Baldwin married, first, Frances Eliza Love, daughter of Samuel G. Love, of Western New York, for many years super- intendent of the schools of Jamestown, and 184 ESSEX COUNTY. one of the first to introduce manual train- ing in the pubHc schools. Four children were the issue of this marriage. The sec- ond wife of Air. Baldwin was Miss Harriet M. E. Cox, daughter of Thomas C. and Harriet E. Cox, a descendant of an old New Jersey family. ]Mr. Baldwin has been for twenty-five years a member of the New Jersey Editorial Association and was its president in 1891. He is also a member of the New England Society, of Orange. Leonard C. McChesney, city editor of the Chronicle, assumed charge of his de- partment with but a limited experience to fit him for the work; but he applied him- self to the task with untiring industry, and rapidly developed an instinct for news. The news columns of the Chronicle and its con- tinued growth in public favor are the best evidence of Mr. McChesney's fitness for the position. He is a man of good judgment as well as business capacity and is popular with the patrons of this journal. He was born in Orange, November 7, 1859: edu- cated at the public school; engaged in vari- ous business enterprises until June i, 1882, when he began his connection with the Chronicle. His ancestor was one of the early settlers on the Nortlifietd road. West Orange. Horace E. Kimball has passed his first decade as a member of the Chronicle stafif, his connection with the paper dating from 1886. As a news-gatherer he is wide- awake, earnest, industrious. He penetrates every nook and corner of the Oranges and nothing worthy of record escapes his notice. Mr. Kimball is the eldest child of Horace Kimball, M. D., — the first resident dentist of Orange — and Mary Davenport (Fisher) Kimball, daughter of Rev. Samuel Fisher. He was born in Clyde, Wayne county. New York, September 18, 1839, while his par- ents were there on a visit. He was brought to Orange by his parents when he was five years of age. He attended the public schools both here and in New York city, and later entered the Free Academy, now the Col- lege of the City of New York. During his sophomore year he left that institution and engaged in business. Soon after the breaking out of the war he raised Company G. of the Fourth New York Heavy Artil- lery, was commissioned first lieutenant and served in the defense of Washington. He was afterward transferred to Ullman's bri- gade, was commissioned captain and trans- ferred to New Orleans; participated in the siege of Port Hudson; served on General Burke's staff as assistant engineer, and con- structed the seventeen-gun battery on the left of the line. Returning to New York at the close of the war, he engaged in busi- ness for a time on his own account and was afterward editor of Brainard's Musical World. He came to Orange in 1878 and in 1886 he joined the staff' of the Chronicle. REV. CHARLES S. COIT, of Irvington, is an honored representative of two pioneer American families, and is de- scended in a direct line from the Coits of Glamorganshire, Wales, and from the de Places whose agnatic ancestor, \'ictor Hugo de Place, was the first of this family in England. With reference to the Coits, "Groves' An- tiquities of England and Wales" reveals to us that the exact time when Coity (al.so spelled Coite) castle was first erected seems uncertain, though in all probability it was built about the year 1091 by Payanus de 1 84 E^^SEX COUNTY. one of the first to introduce manual train- ing in the pubHc schools. Four children were the issue of this marriage. The sec- ond wife of Mr. Baldwin was Miss Harriet M. E. Cox, daughter of Thomas C. and Harriet E. Cox, a descendant of an old New Jersey family. Mr. Baldwin has been for twenty-five years a member of the New Jersey Editorial Association and was its president in 1S91. He is also a member of the New England Society, uf Orange. Leonard C. IMcChesney, city editor of the Chronicle, assumed charge of his de- partment with but a limited experience to fit him for the work; but he applied him- self to the task with untiring industry, and rapidly developed an instinct for news. The news columns of the Chronicle and its con- tinued growth in public favor are the best evidence of Mr. McChesney's fitness for the position. He is a man of good judgment as well as business capacity and is popular with the patrons of this journal. He was born in Orange, November 7, 1859; edu- cated at the public school ; engaged in vari- ous business enterprises until June i, 1882, when he began his connection with the Chronicle. His ancestor was one of the early settlers on the Northfield road. West Orange. Horai e E. Kimball has passed his first decade as a member of the Chronicle staff, his connection with the paper dating from 1886. As a news-gatherer he is wide- awake, earnest, industrious. He penetrates every nook and corner of the Oranges and nothing worthy of record escapes his notice. Mr. Kimball is the eldest child of Horace Kimball, M. D., — the first resident dentist of Orange — and Mary Davenport (Fisher) Kimball, daughter of Rev. Samuel Fisher. He was born in Clyde. Wayne county, New York, September 18, 1839, while his par- ents were there on a visit. He was brought to Orange by his parents when he was five years of age. He attended the public schools both here and in New York city, and later entered the Free Academy, now the Col- lege of the City of New York. During his sophomore year he left that institution and engaged in business. Soon after the breaking out of the war he raised Company G. di the Fourth New York Heavy Artil- lery, was commissioned first lieutenant and served in the defense of Washington. He was afterward transferred to Ullman's bri- gade, was commissioned captain and trans- ferred to New Orleans; participated in the siege of Port Hudson; served on General Burke's staff as assistant engineer, and con- structed the seventeen-gun battery on the left of the line. Returning to New York at the close of the war, he engaged in busi- ness for a time on his own account and was afterward editor of Brainard's Musical Wodd. He came to Orange in 1878 and in 1886 he joined the staff of the Chronicle. REV. CHARLES S. COIT, oi Irvington, is an honored representative of two pioneer American families, and is de- scended in a direct line from the Coits of Glamorganshire. Wales, and from the lie Places whose agnatic ancestor, Victor Hugo de Place, was the first of this family in Englantl. With reference to the Coits, "Groves' An- tiquities of England and Wales" reveals to us that the exact time when Coity (also spelled Coile) castle was first erected seems uncertain, though in all probability it was built about the year 1091 by Payanus de ^. ,^-^c^-t^ ESSEX COUNTY. Tuberville, one of the twelve Norman kniglits who seized the lordship of Glamor- gan under ]\ol)ert Fitzhamon. The first American Coit was John, who came, probably, from their native heath, Glamorganshire, between 1630 and 1638. He was granted a tract of land in Salem, Massachusetts, this latter year. He re- mo\-ed to Gloucester in 1644.- where in 1647 he was made a freeman and, in 1648, a selectman. He was a land-owner on Planter's Neck and a lot-holder at Wheel- er's Point. The records of New London, Connecticut, show that he was granted land in that colony on October 19, 1650. He was the first of a long line of ship car- penters. John Coit was married in Eng- land to ^larv Ganners or Jenners. and all their children were born before their ar- rival in America. He died in 1659 and his wife in 1676. Only his descendants in a direct line to the subject of this review are herewith presented. Joseph Coit, son of John and ]\Iary Coit, was a shipbuilder in New London, Con- necticut, carrying on a large business for his day. He married Martha Harris, of Wethersfield, in 1647. He died in 1704 and his widow three years later. Nearly or cjuite all the Coits in America are de- scended from him. John Coit, the eldest child of Deacon Joseph and ^Lartha Coit, was born in New London, December i, 1670. He spent a long life in pursuit of the busi- ness of his father, and for this purpose the town granted him, in 1689, ground for a new shipyard near the Point of Rocks. He married Mehetabel Chandler, June 25, 1693, died in 1744, and his widow in 1758. John, son of John and Mehetabel Coit, was born in New London, May 25, 1699, He pursued the occupation of his ancestors in Bank street, the city of his birth, as late as 1743. In 1758 he was town clerk. His first wife was Grace Christophers and his second wife was Hannah Potter. Samuel Coit, fourth child of John and Grace Coit, was born in New London, Oc- tober 14, 1726. He was a shipbuilder and was married to Elizabeth Ely, daughter of Da\'id and Elizabeth Richards, February 18, 1753. He died in November, 1792, and his widow in August, 1794. His son, Sam- uel, the grandfather of our subject, was born in the city of his fathers June 17, 1 761, succeeded to the occupation of his long line of honorable ancestors, married Silvia Lewis November 28, 1782, and died May 22, 1845, followed by his widow April 18, 1851, Samuel Coit, and his son, Samuel, Jr., fought in the Revolutionary war. Samuel Coit was a private in the first alarm-list company, in the Third Regiment of militia in the state of Connecticut, under the com- mand of Captain John Deshon; Winthrop Saltinstall, lieutenant. Samuel Coit, Jr., was a private in Captain John Hempstead's company of militia in New London, Con- necticut. Nathaniel Coit. Rev. C. S. Coit's father, and third son of Samuel and Silvia Coit, was born in New London, Decembei" 28, 1786, and died in Bloomfield, New Jersey, July 8, 1866. He began an apprenticeship at boat-making with his uncle, David Coit, in New York city, at the age of fourteen, but before he became of age he abandoned his trade for the grocery business. He was called out in 181 3 to join the state militia in defense of New York city, at Harlem Heights, in our second war with England. Li 1827 he removed his family to his new- 1 86 ESSEX COUXTY. Iv purchased farm at Bloomfield, New Jer- sey, where he died. He retained his busi- ness in Xew York till the close of the '40s, when he devoted his last years to the duties of a farmer. In business he was active, prompt, energetic and honest to a fault. He was a diligent student of the times, and watched with much interest the progress of political events. Next to his God and family he loved his countrv, and during the late Rebel- lion he regretted that only age prevent- ed him from acti\-e participation in the war for the preservation of the Union. He was an earnest, constant Christian worker, joined the John Street Methodist Episco- pal church in New York city early in life and was a member of that denomination at his death. For nearly forty years he had charge of a class of colored people in Ann street. New York, and until the close of his life maintained a warm interest in every movement which sought the elevation of that people. In his more advanced years it was frequently his practice to walk long distances to spend a Sabbath in Christian labor with a neighboring church. Mr. Coit was twice married, his first wife being Esther Olmstead, of Wilton, Con- necticut, whom he married March 9, 1807, and his second wife being Mariam, the youngest daughter of James and Sarah Place, of Hempstead, Long Island, whom he married December 18, 1820. He was the father of three children by his first mar- riage and of six by his second. The first born of his last marriage was Rev. Charles S. Coit, the immediate subject of this men- tion. Mariam Place Coit was descended from the de Place mentioned in the intro- duction to this article. He it was who re- helled against King John on the occasion of the signing of the !Magna Charta in 1215. He was a baron and held seven knights' fees in Lloyd and Werherbourne, in the county of Stafford. The American Places start with Peter Place, who settled in Bos- ton in 1635, having crossed the water in the "Truelove," at about twenty years of age. From the best obtainable evidence the Rhode Island Places descended from one Peter Place, of Providence, believed to have been a son of the Boston Place whose ancestors were the de Places prominent in English history in the time of King John and the Edwards. The chain connecting James Place, our subject's grandfather, with Boston or Providence Places has not been linked and welded, but there can be no doubt of their kinship. They seem to have scattered over the whole of southern New England; and as James Place was born on Long Island, and died (of yellow fever) in New York in 1799, it is correct to presume they were descended from a com- mon parent. The Rev. Charles S. Coit was born in the city of New York April 14, 1822. He divided his time, from the age of five to seventeen, between his father's farm at Bloomfield, New Jersey and the common school. In his father's absence the su- pervision of the farm work fell to his lot, and the knowledge he gained then, of busi- ness and of men, has been of vast service to him. In his youth he acquired a fair knowledge of history and science. In his sixteenth year he was a pupil of Mr. I. K. McDonald at the Bloomfield Academy and a schoolmate of Rev. J. D. Ward, Amzi Dodd and others. He acquired also a fond- ness for practical architecture and from the age of seventeen to twenty he made sundry attempts in Brooklyn and in New York to ESSEX COUNTY. 187 acquire a knowledge of it, but for perhaps providential reasons he failed. One of his employers was burned out, the other failed in business, and returning home in 1843 he attended a revival meeting then in progress at Montclair, his conversion followed and soon afterward his union with the Metho- dist Episcopal church. When called to the ministry he felt the need of better prepara- tion for tliat work, and turned his attention to the study of theology under the direction of his pastor. Rev. C. S. Van Cleve, sta- tioned at Montclair. While a student at Pennington Seminary he did much effect- tive work for Christ among his fellow students, some of whom became his fellow laborers in the pulpit. He closed his col- lege labors in July, 1846, and was appoint- ed by Presiding Elder Felch.of New Jersey, in September following as a supply on San- diston circuit, Sussex county, on the Dela- ware river. His first year's labor put his Christian fortitude and his physical strength to a severe test, yet he was equal to the de- mands, and at its close he received a recom- mendation to the New Jersey conference "as a young man well qualified for the work of the ministry." In 1847 he was admitted as a probationer, and after successfully pass- ing his examinations was admitted to full membership. Since that date for more than fifty-one years he has been a zealous and successful minister of the gospel of Jesus Christ. The following is a partial list of the ap- pointments he has filled since his admis- sion to the conference : New Prospect, Rockland Lake, New York; Port Jervis, New York; Hackensack, Hackettstown, Pitman Church, New Brunswick (where he built that church and was its first pastor), Hoboken, ]\Iadison, Bethel (Staten Island), Newark, New Providence, Fulton Street, Elizabeth, Newton district as presiding elder four years, Dover (New Jersey), Grace church at Paterson, La Fayette church in Jersey City, presiding elder of the Paterson district four years. Centenary church (Newark), Newton and De Groot church (Newark), besides being corres- ponding secretary of the Preachers' Aid Society four years. His efficiency as a presiding elder was marked. His districts were large, rough and mountainous, with many appointments, requiring him to preach often. Fre- quently, when his regular ofificial work was done, at his Cjuarterly meetings, he would remain to assist in special efforts, thus cheering and greatly aiding his preachers in their fields of labor. Rev. C. S. Coit's gifts are those of the highest practical order. He has a warm heart and a genial nature, and the culture he has acquired makes him a safe counselor, a warm friend, a pleasant companion, and an interesting and instructive preacher. His pulpit efforts are often very efi^ective. In the midst of an earnest exhortation, while the audience is throbbing with emotion, under his thrilling words, he will occasion- ally add to the interest of the occasion by some appropriate melody, and thus more deeply impress his subject upon the hearts of his people. His sermons are character- ized bv great simplicity and directness of aim. They are frequently adorned with quaint and original figures. His old par- ishoners will recognize some of the follow- ing: "A bad thought placed in a child's mind is like the egg which an insect de- posits in the blossom : it hatches before the fruit is ripe." "His speech is like the bee, darting hither and thither, carrying 1 88 ESSEX COUNTY. honey and a sting." "The church sup- porting itself by fairs and worldly enter- tainments is a trolley car drawn by old discarded horses." "In fishing for souls spearing is sometimes more efficient than netting." Rev. Coit has been peculiarly successful as an administrator. He is a man of affairs. He has a quick discernment, a rare practical sagacity, a strong will, and a genius for or- ganization. He studies the materialities of his church with the minute care of a mer- chant. He served two terms in the elder- ship, with great credit to himself and the blessing of the districts. He has done ex- cellent service as trustee of the Mount Ta- bor camp-ground, Hackettstown Institute and Drew Theological Seminary. He has been a member for twenty years of the missionary board of the Methodist Episco- pal church; he has represented his confer- ence at the Wesleyan and Syracuse Uni- versities, and in 1884 he was elected a re- serve delegate to the general conference. For four years he was corresponding secre- tary of the Preachers' Aid Society, which he reorganized in 1889. In 1893 he took a supernumerary relation in the Newark conference. Rev. Mr. Coit has always possessed a pas- sionate love for the country. When Provi- dence clearly indicated that the end of his active ministry was approaching he was greatly relieved by the purpose he had cher- ished of spending his closing years amid rural scenes, and in employments which had gilded the dreams of his Ufe. He and his wife planned and erected a commodious house on their Irvington plat, to which he retired in 1891. With the memory of fifty years in the ministry, — an only son carrying the mantle his father has laid aside. — his immediate family in their normal health and his own reinvigorated, the evening of his life began with golden promise. December 22, 1852, Rev. Coit was mar- ried to R. Malinda, only daughter of the late Demas Harrison, of Newark, and half sister of the Rev. James M. Tuttle. of the Newark conference. Mrs. Coit was born at Caldwell, New Jersey, January 30, 1831; educated in Newark Academy, Borden- town, and Wesleyan Institute, Newark; was converted in her girlhood, and for forty years was "a tower of strength" to her hus- band in his ministerial labors. There was no place she touched that did not feel her inspiring influence. She was a natural lead- er in every circle she entered, and all her strength was spent for Christ in the service of others. Her generosity is known throughout the churches. All the institu- tions of the conference were the recipients of her benefactions. For many years she was closely identified with the \\'oman's Foreign Missionary Society, and supported a Bible reader in India, who bears her name. Their two children are : Rev. Olin B. Coit, D. D., of Potsdam, New York; and ]\Iiss Burnettie Place Coit. Mrs. Coit died April 13, 1892, as bravely as she lived. One of her last declarations was, "I would rather walk in the dark with God, than go alone in the light. I'd rather walk by faith with Him than go alone by sight." Rev. Olin B. Coit, D. D.. oldest child of our subject, was prepared for college at Morristown, New Jersey, and Wilbraham, Massachusetts, and was graduated at the Wesleyan University in 1877. He was professor of languages and mathematics in the University of Holly Springs, Missis- ESSEX COUNTY. 189 sippi, and later entered Drew Theological Seminary, where he graduated in 18S1. He spent some time with Bishop Hurst in travel in Europe, and upon entering the ministry regularly he was stationed at Al- pine, New Jersey, Alendham, Somerville, and in 1893 was appointed to Oswego, New York, which pastorate he filled most suc- cessfully for four years; he is now stationed at Potsdam. He married Emma Stitzer. of Philadelphia, and their four sons are Law- rence, Jay, Carl and Lynde. Their daughter, Burnettie Place Coit, attended several select schools before en- tering the Centenary Collegiate Insti- tute at Hackettstown, New Jersey, for a four-years course. Having completed that course she became a pupil, in vocal music, of Alme. Florenza d'Arona. of New York city, and at length received from her a diploma as a graduate from her special '"teachers' " course. Miss Coit resides in Irvington. New Jersey, where she is active- ly engaged in Christian work. In Rev. Mr. C. S. Coit's semi-centennial address, delivered before the Newark con- ference April 8, 1897, he summarized his ex])eriences of fifty years in the ministry, in an address which Bishop Andrews declared was the best of the kind he had ever listened to. and concluded with the exhortation. "I commend to you the veterans of the minis- try. Do not leave them entirely to medita- tion and prayer; give them something to do. and they will be happy. You, your- selves, will soon take their places." The death of his wife did not cause him to flee from the scenes of his greatest sor- row. His character and the fiber of liis faith are seen in the calm resolution with which he resumed the imfinished task at the point where death had for a moment in- terrupted it. It is evident to all who come in contact with him that his own spirit is the most fruitful garden he cultivates. He is visibly ripening in the atmosphere of "that better country which is heav- enly." Since the above sketch was written, Rev. C. S. Coit was suddenly called to his heav- enly home, on March 6. 1898. After en- joying supper with his family, they had e\ening worship, as was their custom, choosing as the hymn to be sung one of his favorites, "Home of the Soul." He sang the last verse with unusual tenderness — "Oh. how sweet it will be in that beauti- ful land. So free from all sorrow and pain. With songs on our lips and with harps in our hand, To meet one another again I" Before the sun arose the next morning he realized the joy of meeting those whom he loved "in that beautiful land." His death was as calm and beautiful as had been his life. A large number of ministers and other friends attended his funeral, which was held in Centenary church, ]\Iethodist Episcopal, at Newark, of which he had once been pas- tor. It was said by Bishop Hurst, who knew liim well : "His is one of the lives on which there is no blemish from beginning to end. His great strength lay in his high sense of honor and his perfect loyalty to the church and the kingdom of our Lord. He was never placed in a position of honor or con- fiilence in which he did not prove himself worthy of the trust. His name and his deeds stand high on the honor roll of the Newark Methodist Episcopal conference. He has o-one to be 'forever with the Lord." " 190 ESSEX COUNTY. MERTON B. OWEN, collector of taxes for Clinton township. Es- sex county, New Jersey, and a resident of Irvington, is a native of this place, born March 2, 1867. The family is of English origin. The grandfather of our subject, Charles J. Owen, was an Englishman who emigrated to this country early in his life, became a man of local prominence, was one of the original Republicans of his locality and was the organizer of the first Republican club at Irvington, during the Fremont cam- paign. His son, Charles J., married Sarah R., the daughter of Jabez Smith, and they had the following- children: Mary E., Charles J., Mer- ton B., Horace G. and Beulah A., — all residents of Irvington except the eldest son, Charles T., who lives at South Orange, New Jersey. Merton B. Owen was educated in the public schools of his native town, attend- ing school up to the time he was fourteen. At that time he went to the printer's case in the ofifice of L. J. Hardham & Company. Newark, New Jersey, wliere he diligently applied himself and soon became master of the trade. Nine years ago he secured a position on the Daily Advertiser, where he is still occupied and where he is now a linotype operator. Like his father before him, Mr. Owen is an enthusiastic Repub- lican. From 1894 to 1897 he served as a member of the township committee, and in April of the latter year was elected to his present position, that of collector of taxes, to succeed Thomas S. Osborne, being the candidate of all parties. Mr. Owen was married in August, 1894, to Miss Louisa J. Obrest, daughter of John Obrest, a farmer by occupation and of Ger- man extraction. Their only child is Helen R. Public-spirited, enterprising, genial and generous, Mr. Owen is held in high esteem by his fellow citizens and has by them been honored with various positions of trust and responsibility. He is secretary of Frank- lin Lodge, F. & A. M.; secretary of the Village Improvement Societv; member of the fire department and president of its social organization. CALVIN RUTAN. The old Rutan homestead, located in Belleville township, Essex county, has been in possession of the family ever since 1731, — one hundred and sixty-seven years. Sam- uel Rutan, the founder of the family in this section, was of French descent, and in early life went to live with an aged gentleman named Bradbury, in whose service he re- mained for many years. When Mr. Rutan had attained his majority ^Nlr. Bradbury gave him one hundred acres of land, which has since been in the possession of his de- scendants; and the ruins of the old stone house, which was the birthplace of nearly all the Rutans, may still be seen there. Henry Rutan, a son of Samuel and the great-grandfather of our sul)ject, would have taken part in the Revolutionary war, but was partially crippled and unable to do militarv duty. The disposition thus mani- fested stands as much to his credit as an intelligent, loyal citizen as though he ac- tually did service in the army. His son, Samuel H. Rutan. Jr.. the grandfather of Calvin, was born in the year 1776, — the year that .\merican independence was de- clared, and he took part in the war of 1812 ESSEX COUNTY. 191 against Great Britain. He brought up two sons and two daughters. — Henry, John. Ann and Frances. Ann married Henry Joralemon, of Belleville, and Frances mar- ried Amos Williams, of Newark; all are now deceased. John was the father of the sub- ject of this sketch. The family have always been connected with agricultural pursuits, have been people of quiet and unassuming manner, honorable lives and genuine worth, commanding the respect of all. In politics they have been supporters of the Whig party and later of the Republican, but have never been aspirants for official hon- ors. Calvin Rutan was born May 29. 1841, on the old family homestead, which was also his playground in boyhood and his training school for the duties of farm life. He now owns the property and is successfully carry- ing on agricultural pursuits, keeping pace with the imiM-Qvements which are being made in farming methods and machinery. His fields are well tilled, and the neat and thrifty appearance of his place indicates his careful supervision. Mr. Rutan married ]\Iiss Rachel E. Stager, a daughter of Richard and Eliza- beth ( Snyder) Stager, and they have two children : Howard, who was born June 24, 1866, and now has charge of the home farm; and Stella, born July 5, 1868. The family attend the Dutch Reformed church, and in social circles hold an envialile posi- tion. During the civil war yiv. Rutan mani- fested his loyalty to the government by en- listing-, in 1862, in Company C, Twenty- sixth New Jersey Infantry, under Captain Samuel H. Pemberton. He served for nine months on the Potomac, under the com- mand of Generals Burnside and Hooker, and participated in the battlesof Fredericks- burg and Marye's Heights and a number of minor engagements. He has ever been loyal and true to his country's interests, is a public-spirited and progressive citizen and withholds his support from no enterprise desig-ned to benefit the iiublic. AARON DE CA]^IP, for manv vears numbered among the lead- ing citizens of Essex county, worthily rep- resents one of the honored pioneer fam- ilies whose identification with public af- fairs materially advanced the interests of the community, and was in the war of the Revolution. The founder of the De Camp familv in America was a native of Holland and married a lady of French descent. He settled in Caldwell township, Essex county, and became the owner of a large tract of land, obtaining the grant from the Queen of England. He followed farming as a life vocation and was an influential member of the community. His children were Moses, who married a Miss Williams; Benjamin, Daniel, Polly. Deborah and Abbie. The father spent his entire life upon the farm and died in old age. Benjamin De Camp, the next in line of direct descent, was born in Essex county, and married Dorcas \\ il- liams, a daughter of Jonathan Williams, familiarly known as Squire Williams. In early life Benjamin De Camp learned the mason's trade, which he always followed as a means of livelihood. He also owned a farm, which was worked by his sons. He was in the war of 181 2, serving as captain of a company, and was stationed at Sandy Hook. In politics he was a Whig, and he and his family were members of the Pres- bvterian church of Caldwell. His death 192 ESSEX COUNTY. occurred about 1823. In his family were the following- named : Phoebe, Mary Ke- turali, Timothy, Aaron, Jonathan and Har- rison. Aaron De Camp, the second son of the family, was reared and educated in Living- ston township, attending the schools of the neighborhood. In early life he learned the mason's trade under the direction of his father and followed that pursuit through- out his active business life: and amid the first work that he did was a task on the construction of the old city hall in New- ark in 1836. He was also the owner of a farm which yielded to him a good income, but has lately sold most of his land and is now living retired on the old homestead, unencumbered by the responsibilities of business life. His career has been one of activity and industry and his rest is well de- served. Air. De Camp was married to }kliss j\Iary Tompkins, a daughter of Ezra Tompkins, of Livingston township, belonging to one of the old families. Their children are W'il- ber W'., concerning whom individual men- tion is made in this compilation; George E., whose sketch immediately follows this; Thomas J.; Aaron Bentley, who is engaged in the ice Inisiness in \'erona; Emma E., who became the wife of Dr. Halsey and who died in 1884; Joseph Edgar, of Verona, one of the prominent freeholders of the county; and Katie, at home. In his political views Aaron De Camp is a Republican, but he has never sought or desired the lionors or emoluments of pub- lic office. His life has been one of useful activity, in which labor has brought to him a worthy reward, and not only has he gained jjccuniary success, but by his devo- tion to duty has also won the respect and good will of his fellow citizens, and is well deserving of honorable mention in this vol- ume. GEORGE E. DE CAMP, who has been honored with various politi- cal preferments and has won the unquali- fied commendation of the public by his faithful performance of every duty, was born in Roseland May 15, 1843. and is a son of .\aron and Alary (Tompkins) De Camp. He is indebted to the public- school system for his educational privi- leges which fitted him for the practical affairs of this work-a-day world. With his father he learned the mason's trade and also mastered the trade of shoemaking in his youth. He followed the former vocation for some years and built many of the good, substantial bridges over which the thor- oughfares of the county pass. He now de- votes his energies to farming, and his land yields to him good returns for the care and labor he bestows upon it. He is a wide- awake, progressive farmer, systematic and methodical, and his well directed efforts have placed him among the leading agri- culturists of the communitv. Mr. De Camp was joined in wedlock to Miss Matilda L. Harrison, a native of Rose- land and a daughter of Cyrus and Jane (Casterline) Harrison, the former a native of Roseland. the latter of Dover. Her par- ents are both now deceased. The marriage of our subject and his wife was celebrated on the 9th of September, 1867. and was blessed with nine children, as follows : Ella J., Hattie L., Mary Lillian, Ada L.. Ezra O., Emma E., Carrie L.. Charles H. and Ira \\' . Ella is now the. wife of John Ellison, who is living in Rhode Island ; and Hattie is GEORGE E. DeCAMP ESSEX COUNTY. 193 the wife of George R. Beam, whose home is in Roseland. ]\Ir. De Camp is a very prominent and active member of the Grange of Roseland and is a member of the executive commit- tee of that organization in the state of New Jersey. He also holds membership in the Indian League of Newark. He takes a very active part in political affairs and has been a stanch advocate of Republican prin- ciples since casting his first presidential vote, for Abraliam Lincoln. He has served as \-ice-president of the Essex county Re- publican conmiittee, and his advice on mat- ters political carries considerable weight in the councils of his party. He served as as- sessor for the long and continuous period of sixteen vears, discharging his duties in a manner that won him the commendation of even his political enemies and gained him manv votes from among the opposition. He is also justice of the peace and his de- cisions are strictly fair and impartial. For five years he has served as a member of the town committee and has been overseer of roads. Last year he was appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state sen- ate as a member of the board of managers of the experimental station of Rutgers Col- lege. He belongs to the Methodist Prot- estant church of Roseland, and is one of the most prominent and iiighly respected citizens of his township, whose good judg- ment in business alifairs has won him suc- cess in matters of trade, while his honor in the matters of public and private life com- mend him to the confidence of all. \\'ILLL\M FREDERICK BECK, a plumber and steam-fitter of Orange, has made rapid. progress along the road to suc- cess, and by persistent, honorable effort has ii— 13 overcome many of the obstacles that ob- struct the way. -V comfortable competence is now his, and the same commendaljle busi- ness characteristics that have hitherto marketl his career will undoulHedly bring him greater prosperity in the future. Air. Beck was born in Orange, Septem- ber b, 1864, a son of John Frederick Beck, who was born in Wurtemberg, Germany. In that land he acquired his education, and when fifteen years of age crossed the Atlan- tic to America with his father, taking up his residence in New York city. There he secured a position as salesman in a mer- chandizing establishment and was thus em- ployed for some time. When eighteen years of age he came to Orange, where he learned the hatter's trade, under the direc- tion of Charles Hedden. That business he made his life work. His death occurred in 1888, when he had reached the age of forty- nine years, and his wife passed away in January, 1885, at the age of forty-six. Mrs. Beck bore the maiden name of Margaret Leavenguth and was a daughter of Jacob Leavenguth. Both Mr. and Mrs. Beck were members of the First Presb}-terian church, on Williams street, and were con- sistent Christian people who exemplified in their lives their religious belief. Thev liad but two children, and the daughter, Mary Elizabeth, died in 1874, ^t the age of eleven years. William F. Beck accluired his early edu- cation in the district schools and supple- mented it by a course in the high school of Orange. On reaching the age of seven- teen he decided to master a trade and ac- cordinglv learned that of plumber and steam-fitter, under the direction of A. H. Freeman, of Orange. Having completed an apprenticeship of four years, he worked 194 ESSEX COUNTY. as a journeyman for Air. P'reeman for four years and then spent three and a half years in the employ of Oliver S. Williams. In i\Iarch, 1893, he embarked in business on his own account and lias succeeded in build- ing up an excellent trade. To the excel- lence and promptness of his work and his honorable dealing is attributable his suc- cess in life, whicli is the just reward of his earnest labors. On the 9th of February, 1886. Mr. Beck was united in marriage to Miss Annie Alen- zing, a daughter of Casper Menzing. To them were born three children, one of whom died in infancy. The others are \\'illiam Russell and 'Harold Wilton. The parents are members of the German Pres- byterian church, of Orange, and Mr. Beck is a worthy member of John F. Alorse Lodge, Xo. 186, I. O. O. F. His political support is given the men and measures of the Republican party, and he is a public- spirited, progressive citizen who lends his support and co-operation to all movements tending to advance the general welfare. ADOLF ROSENWASSER, of Newark, one of the most extensive cloth- ing manufacturers of New Jersev, stands to-day as a leading representative of the race from which he sprang. His life, hon- orable in its purpose and earnest in its pur- suits, has been crowned with a brilliant suc- cess, and to-day he stands among those whose efiforts have enabled them to rise from humble stations to positions of emi- nence in the world of commerce. Born in the ancient city of Eperies, in the state of Hungary-, now one of the states of the Austrian federation, April i, 1849, our subject is a son of John and Bertha (Palm- er) Rosenwasser. His father died about 1855, during- the cholera scourge in Hun- gary, leaving three sons, — Adolf, Simeon and Morris. The second named studied for the ministry in early life and was gradu- ated in the L'niversity of Preesburg, in Hungary, but did not follow the profession. He married a Miss Goldfinger, who came into possession of large estates in Hun- gary, and his time was thereafter taken up by the management of the property. Mor- ris Rosenwasser, also a graduate of the University of Preesburg, having completed the course of civil engineering in that insti- tution, married Rosa Ameisen, whose fath- er was a banker in the town of Neusandiz. They had three children, one of whom, Morris R.. died at the age of thirty-four years. The mother of our subject died in the city of Eperes in 1883, at the age of sixty-five years. Adolf Rosenwasser acquired his early education under private instruction, and when he had attained the age of fourteen was apprenticed to a tailor for a three- years term. \\'hen he had mastered the business he decided to seek a field for his labors in America, and accordingly left home on the ist of May, 1865, crossing the Atlantic in a sailing vessel, which after a long and tedious voyage of thirteen weeks dropped anchor in the harbor of New York. on the 5th of August. Coming to Newark he secured employment at his trade with a Mr. Talmos, on Rivington street, and for the first week's ser\'ice received nine dol- lars; but it was soon seen that he was a skillful and rapid worker and his wages were accordingly increased. He continued to serve as a journeyman until nineteen years of age, when he began business on his own account, opening a tailoring establish- ESSEX COUXTY 195 ment at No. 106 East Houston street, New York city. Success attended his efforts from the beginning, and after a time he be- gan the manufacture of clothing at No. 1 1 13 Clinton street, New York. In 1868 he opened a factory at the corner of Stan- ton and Cannon streets, New York, where he conducted a profitable business for twenty-three years, when in 1895 he decided to come to Newark in order to obviate the interference and delays occasioned in his business by the strikes ordered by the trades unions of New York city, and also to secure more commodious quarters for his operatives. He accordingly purchased a tract of land at the corner of Morris and Thirteenth avenues, and upon a portion of this erected a large building of modern de- sign and architecture, ninety by one hun- dred and eighty feet. When Mr. Rosen- wasser came to Newark he brought with him one hundred and fifteen families, each represented by members in his employ, and provided for all these for a period of three weeks, at a cost of over four thousand dol- lars, whde his new building was being com- pleted ready for occupancy. He has exe- cuted work for the firm of Brokaw Broth- ers, who are extensive clothing dealers in New York city, having been under contract with them for over sixteen years. His busi- ness is now colossal in its extent, and his success is the result of his industry, perse- verance and honest business methods. Mr. Rosenwasser was married January 21, 1868, to Mina Coan, a daughter of Jacob dnd Rosa Coan, and their union was blessed with nine children, but two died in infancy, and Nathan, Jacob, Rosa and Na- than — the second of the name — have also passed away. Those still living are Annie, wife of Leon Platky, of New York city, by whom she has two children : Minnie Mil- ler and Ira Seymour; Charles A., who is studying civil engineering in Columbia Col- lege, of New York city, with the class oi 1898; and Samuel, who is a graduate of the Packard Business College, of New York city, and is now engaged in the manufactur- ing business in connection with his father. The mother of this family passed away, January 11, 1887, at the age of forty-six years. The life record of Mr. Rosenwasser is one of which he may be justly proud. His dealings have ever been honorable and straightforward; in his treatment of his employes he is ever fair, as is evidenced by his maintenance of the one hundred and fifteen families before work could be com- mencefl in the new factories; energy, enter- prise and careful management have formed the keynote of his success and have dem- onstrated the possibilities that America fur- nishes to young men of determined purpose and sterling worth. ZENOS G. HARRISON. A native of Livingston township, Es- sex countv, Zenos G. Harrison was born on the old farm which is still his home. April 23, 1826, being the son of Samuel and Mary (Crane) Harrison, the former of whom was born on the farm now owned and occupied by Mrs. Becker, in Livingston township, and was a son of Joseph Harrison, one of the early settlers of Essex county. Samuel Harrison was reared to farm life and ac- quired his education in the common schools of his native county. He married Mary Crane, a daughter of Colonel Cyrus Crane, a representative of one of the old and hon- ored families of the county. Mrs. Harrison 196 ESSEX COUXTY. was a native of Caldwell township, Essex county. Upon their marriage they located on the farm which is now occupied by our subject, and there the father carried on agricultural pursuits for the remainder of his life, being successful in his efforts and holding the confidence and respect of the community, by reason of his sterling char- acter and kindly nature. Samuel and Mary (Crane) Harrison became the parents of the following children, only two of whom are living at the present time : Mary died at the age of about fifty years; Rhoda C. is the wife of David S. Baldwin; Samuel O. died January 31, 1897; Elizabeth died at the age of eighteen years; Cyrus F. died in 1893; Zenos G. is the immediate subject of this review; and Amanda is deceased. Sam- uel Harrison was for many years an elder in the Presbyterian church. He was a man of unswerving integrity in all the relations of life, was a devoted churchman and exem- plified his Christian faith in thought, word and deed. Both he and his wife are now de- ceased. Upon the family homestead, in the midst of farm scenes and interests, Zenos G. Har- rison was reared to manhood, and his tastes have never led him into other fields of labor. He owns and operates one hundred acres of land, all under a high state of cultivation, and the well tilled fields yield to him a gold- en tribute and indicate the careful super- vision which he bestows upon the place. In 1855 Mr. Harrison was united in mar- riage to Miss Frances Reeve, a native of Millburn and a daughter of Jacob Reeve. They are the parents of five children, name- ly : Elston, a provision dealer of Mont- clair, this county; Edward, a farmer of that place; Clifford B. and Clarence, twins, the former a commercial traveler, and the latter at home; and Harriet R., at home. Mr. and Mrs. Harrison are members of the Caldwell Presbyterian church, and they are known as representative people of the com- munity, enjoying a distinctive popularity and having a wide circle of acquaintances. In his political procli\-ities Mr. Harrison is stanchly arrayed in the support of the Republican party and its principles, and he is zealous in his advocacy of all measures which he believes will advance the public welfare and promote general good. He has always lived on the old homestead, hal- lowed by the associations of years, and thus his life is as an open book to his friends and neighbors who cannot but commend the unsullied record. THEODORE C. WALLACE. Thirty years ago this gentleman, then a young man, became connected with the business interests of New York. Since then, as a manufacturer of and dealer in iron, he has been an important factor in commercial circles and no man has been more respected or more worthy of the high regard in which he is held in the trade than Mr. Wallace. With the strictest regard for commercial ethics, he has conducted his interests in a manner most commendable; keen discrimination, unfaltering persever- ance and undaunted energy have brought to him a high degree of success. Mr. Wallace traces his ancestry back to the early New York colonists. From Scotch ancestry he is descended, the first of the family coming to the United States about 1700. Through the nineteenth cen- tury the family has been prominently iden- tified with the mercantile interests of the metropolis. The grandfather, Robert Wal- ES.^EX COrXTY. 197 lace was for a number oi \ears a niercliant of tlie city, and the father. Thomas W'al- lace, was for a long period a prominent rep- resentative of that class of business men. He was born in New York and there mar- ried Miss Eliza Adams, also a native of the city and a daughter of John Adams, who died at the advanced age of ninety years. He was descended from Holland Dutch an- cestry. Theodore C. Wallace, the subject of this review, was born in Xew York, December 18, 1842, and was the second son of the family. He was reared in the place of his nativity and attended the public schools, ac- quiring there a thorough knowledge of the English branches. Throughout his busi- ness career he has been connected with the iron trade. In 1858 he entered the employ of Smith, Hegeman & Company, dealers in iron and steel, and was connected with that house as an employe for ten years, during which time he mastered the business in all its details and won continued advancement by his ability and fidelity to duty. In 1868 he ceased to be an employe and became a partner in the house. Many clianges have occurred in the firm since then, but the business is still carried on, and to-day Mr. Wallace is at the head of the enterprise, which is conducted under the firm name of Ogden & W^allace, wholesale dealers in iron and steel, at Nos. 577-583 Greenwich street. New York. The volume of their business has now assumed mammoth proportions and their shipments are made to all parts of the country. For reliability their hottse has a reputation second to none in the coun- try, and the wisdom of the partners in for- mulating and executing their plans is dem- onstrated in the successful results which follow their undertakings. Mr. Wallace is also connected with other enterprises of the north, and his capable management and keen foresight have en- abled him to direct to a successful outcome these various interests. He is now a stock- holder and director in the Boonton Iron & Steel Company, at Boonton, New Jersey, and is agent for the largest iron manufac- tories in the countrv. His record should serve as a source of inspiration. \\ orking his way steadily upward, he has ox-ercome the obstacles and difficulties which always encompass the business man in his efforts to compete with old-established houses and win the public confidence and patron- age, but his determination has triumphed over all discouragements and he stands to- day one of the leaders in his line in the country. During the civil war Mr. Wallace mani- fested his loyalty to the Union cause by enlisting at President Lincoln's first call for seventy-five thousand volunteers to serve three months, joining the Seventy-first New York Militia in April. He took part in the first battle of Bull Run and on the expira- tion of his term was honorably discharged, and returned to his home. In politics he is a pronounced Democrat, but business cares have prevented his taking an active part in political work. In 187 1 Mr. Wallace was united in mar- riage to Miss Lucy E. Huckins. of Boston, Massachusetts, a daughter of Frank Huck- ins, a prominent and successful merchant of Boston. The family originated in Eng- land and was related to the Crocker family, both coming to New England in the May- flower. Mrs. W^allace was born and reared in Boston, and obtained her education in the schools of that city. By this marriage there are four children, a son and three ESSEX COUNTY. daughters: Theodore C, who is assisting his father in the business; Helen, Lucy and Margaret, at home. In 1885 Mr. Wallace erected a fine residence on Prospect avenue, Montclair, New Jersey, calling the place Ellerslie. Its architectural beauty is en- hanced by the elevated site, which affords a magnificent view of thesurroundingcoun- try. Its interior furnishing would delight the most artistic eye, being all that a cul- tured taste can suggest and wealth procure. The lawns are handsomely and tastefully adorned with beautiful flowers, ornamental shrubbery and grand old trees, while the landscape beyond forms an ever varying panorama of the beauties of nature. Witli the aid of a telescope one can see many of the prominent buildings in New York city, also Coney Island and Long Island. The time and money that Mr. Wallace has ex- pended in fitting up this magnificent home indicate one of his most prominent charac- teristics, — his devotion to his family and his delight in extending the hospitality of his own fireside to their many friends and neighbors. GEORGE VARLEY, one of the most capable and well known carpenters and builders of Newark, is a na- tive of Yorkshire, England, where his birth occurred on the 7th of February, 1849, ^"'^ is a son of William and Ann (Denton) Var- ley, who reared two other children besides our subject: Joseph, and Mrs. James Brakes, both now residing in England. George Varley was reared in the city of his nativity, securing his education in the pub- lic schools, and in 1868 he decided to seek broader fields of endeavor and set sail for the United States. He subsecjuently lo- cated in Newark, and shortly after his ar- rival here he obtained employment as a carpenter with Timbrook, of Brick Church, one of the leading sash, door and blind man- ufacturers of East Orange, and remained in the capacity of a journeyman until 1881, when he embarked in the business of con- tracting on his own account, his first work in that line being the erection of a residence for R. J. Carey, on Humboldt street. The excellent character of his workmanship is displayed in many of the admirable and tasteful residences in the Short Hills, Sum- mit, Glen Ridge and Montclair, besides which he erected the McDermott, William Riker, Jr., Joseph ^NI. Riker and the White- head residences, and numerous blocks of buildings for the Duryee estate. Mr. Varley is one of the charter members of the Master Carpenters' Association, and is one of its directors. In his political af- filiation he is one of the leading local Republicans, and has been chairman of the Eleventh Ward Republican commit- tee, and served in a similar capacity for the district for a number of 3ears and is pres- ident of the Roseville Republican Associa- tion. For about eleven years he served in the New Jersey state militia, enlisting first in Company A of the First Regiment of Newark, with which he served about three years. He re-enlisted May 5, 1874, in Company C, of the Fifth Regiment, Nation- al Guards of the state of New Jersey (N. G. S. N. J.), and received his discharge Sep- tember 15, 1882. He responded to three different calls for troops at the time of dif- ficult riots in Newark, and served his state well in this capacity. At one time he filled the position of orderly sergeant. He is a member of Roseville Lodge, No. 143, F. & A. M., and at one time served as chair- ESSEX COUNTY. 199 man of tlie board of trustees. He is a past master of Trinity Lodge, Xo. 160, I. O. O. F.. of Roseville. For some years he was chairman of the board of trustees of the Baptist church of Roseville. In January, 187 1, Mr. Varley was united in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Carey, daugh- ter of Richard Carey, the following chil- dren being the issue: Richard W'.. Harry F., Joseph D., and Edward G. The two first named are carpenters by vocation, and Joseph D. is bookkeeper for Alsop Broth- ers. Mr. \'arley is popular in his home city and merits the high regard in which he is held by his many friends. JOSEPH M. MALATESTA, M. D., who is engaged in the practice of medicine with gratifying success, at No. 42 Eighth avenue. Newark, was born in Philadelphia on the 27th of May, 1859, and is descended from one of the oldest families of sunny Italy, the name figurmg conspicuously on the pages of Italian history. His grand- father, Francis ^lalatesta, was the third representative of that nation to land in New York city and the first to make a home in Philadelphia, in which city he en- gaged in the fruit-commission business for many years. Mark Malatesta. the father of our subject, was born in Genoa, Ital}-, and was brought to the United States by his parents when about three years of age. In early manhood he engaged in the wine and liquor business, being an extensive importer of wines, but later he turned his attention to the hotel business and since 1878 has been proprietor and owner of Hotel ]\Ialatesta, at Atlantic City, one of the finest and most popular hotels in New Jersey. He was joined in wedlock to Miss Marv Airola, daughter of Francis Airola, a Corsican who came to the United States when his daughter was only three months old and settled in Philadelphia, where he died in 1852. ]\Irs. ]Malatesta also departed this life in Philadelphia in Sep- tember, 1891, leaving three children: the Doctor: Carrie, wife of James K. Carmack, a prominent hotel man, formerly manager of the Grand House, of Philadelphia, and now manager of the Hotel Malatesta, of Atlantic City; and Ella, now deceased. Dr. Malatesta acquired his elementary education in the Ringgold grammar school of Philadelphia, and on leaving the public schools at the age of fifteen was sent to Genoa, Italy, where he studied the Italian language and pursued a course in the class- ics, there continuing his studies for four and a half years. Returning to America he entered the Aterford, New Jersey Acad- emy, where he was graduated in 1879 with the degree of Master of Arts. His literani- training being thus com- pleted he secured a situation in Helmbold's pharmacy in the Continental Hotel, Phila- delphia, and afterward matriculated in the Philadelphia School of Phamiacy, where he was graduated with the class of 1884. But this was but a means to an end. He had determined to make the practice of medicine his life work, and having learned how to compound medicines he now began to master the science of applying them to the alleviation of human suffering and was enrolled as a student in the Jefferson ]\Iedi- cal College, where he completed a thorough and comprehensive course and was grad- uated in 1886. Following this he became a member of the Jefferson Medical Hospital staff and served for four years as an assist- ant under Professor Gross, in the surgical 200 ESSEX COUXTY. department. He then became chief of the medical cHnic and an instructor in tlie Phil- adelphia polyclinic. Subsec^uentlv he was made chief of the clinic for diseases of the skin, in the same institution. In September, 1894, he located in Newark and has since engaged in the general practice of medicine with gratifying success. He is one of the best informed members of the profession in the city, is a close and thorough student and possesses a skill and ability that rank him far above the average member of the profession. The Doctor is a member and medical ex- aminer for Newark City Lodge, No. 247, Heptasophs; also is the medicine man of Lucas Tribe, No. 143, Improved Order of Red Men. He is medical examiner for Ris- ing Star Lodge, No. 2283, of the Knights of Honor, and belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. The home re- lations of Dr. Malatesta are very pleasant. He was married in 1S87 to Miss Sabina Barchy, of Pittsburg, a lady of Italian de- scent, and in the community where they reside they have manv warm friends. THE CONDIT FAMILY. John Cunditt is known to be the ancestor of nearly all bearing the name of Condit or Condict in the United States. Of his an- cestry nothing definite is known. Tradi- tion says he came from England or Wales. In the "Life of Sir Isaac Newton," by David Brewster, it is stated that John Con- duit, knight, married in England, a widow, Catherine Barton, who was a niece of Sir Isaac Newton, with whom they resided dur- ing the life of Sir Isaac and inherited his estate. Burke's "General Armory," refer- ring to the Conduitt family, gives: "Arms, — Gules on a fesse wa\'y argent between three pitchers, double eared or, as many bees Aolant ppr. Crest, — Two caducean rods with wings, Iving fessewavs or, there- on a peacock's head creased ppr." The earliest reference made to John Cun- ditt, tlie American ancestor, is in 1678. He married, first, in Great Britain, where his wife died. As his name indicates, he was of Norman descent. He came to America in 1678 with his son Peter, and settled at Newark, New Jersey, where he married, second, Deborah , by whom lie had a son, John, who died a minor. He was the jiurchaser of lands "in the bounds of the town of Newark," in i68g and 1691. The first deed describes the boundaries as "on the east by the river, on the south liy said Condit, and on the west by a highway." This description indicates a previous deed. The second deed is from Richard Lawrence, March 24, 1691, and conve}'s to John Condit, weaver, nine- teen acres of upland for a lawful sum of money. This lot is described on the plain commonly called the "Mill Brook Plain." John Cunditt died in 1713, leaving one son, Peter. (Second Generation.) — Peter Condit, son of John Cunditt, was born in England and came to America with his father. He married in 1695, Mary, daughter of Sam- uel and Mary (Ward) Harrison (son of Sergeant Richard Harrison). He hahole- sale and retail business. He is one of the enterprising business men of the city, and the success that he has achieved has re- sulted from his own well directed efforts. On the 28th of May, 1882, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Price and Miss Nettie C. Blanchard, a daughter of Charles C. and Margaret (Smith) Blanchard. She was born in 1861, and by her marriage has one son, Charles Blanchard, who was born March 4, 1893. Mr. Price is a stanch Re- publican in his political associations, and he and his wife are attendants on the serv- ices of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian church, of which Mrs. Price is a member. They occupy an enviable position in social circles, where true worth and intelligence are recei\-ed as the passports into good so- ciety, and in the community they have a large circle of friends. DANIEL A. DUGAN was born in Orange, June 19. 1866, a son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Dunn) Dugan, both of whom were natives of New York city, and were of Irish parentage. He ob- tained his preliminary education in the pub- lic schools, and afterward spent two ^■ears as a student in Seton Academy, at Orange, completing his educational training in St. John's parochial school. In 1884 he de- 208 ESSEX COrXTY cided to Ijecome master of a trade, and ac- cordingly entered the printing office of tire Orange Monitor. He also learned stenog- raphy, and after becoming an adept in the "art preser\-ative of all arts" he served as associate editor both on the Orange Moni- tor and the Orange Journal. Later he be- came correspondent at Orange for the New- ark Press, then owned by James C. Con- nelly. He also became the Orange corre- spondent for the Newark Journal, and was finally transferred to Newark, where he con- tinued until 1886, when he became the Or- anga correspondent for the New York World, and at the same time was manager of the Orange edition of the Newark Jour- nal. On the ist of September, 1888. :\Ir. Bu- gan established the Orange Herald, which he conducted until 1893, when he sold to Thomas F. Lane. His next position was that of the assistant New Jersey editor on the New York World, and at the same time he became the legislative correspondent at Trenton for the same paper, filling both positions until 1894, when he was made the New Jersey editor of the New York World, which position he filled until Januarv' i, 1897. He then resigned to accept the posi- tion of Brooklyn and New Jersey editor of the New York Journal, serving in that ca- pacity until the 1st of May, 1897. when he once more resigned, in order to enter upon the duties of city clerk of Orange, to which position he had recently been appointed. He is still serving as political and legisla- tive correspondent of the New York Jour- nal. His connection with the leading news- papers of America's metropolis well indi- cates his aliility in that line. He is a force- ful, clear, entertaining writer, and New Jer- sey's interests are well represented by his facile pen. Li 1896 Mr. Dugan was elected an en- sign of the First Division of the Battalion of the East New Jersey Naval Reserve. He is a member in good standing of the Knights of Columbus, and he and his wife are communicants of the St. John's church, Roman Catholic. Mr. Dugan was married June 20, 1889, to Miss Anna C. Davis, a daughter of Hon. ^lichael and Mary (Rooney) Davis, of Orange. Their children are: Anna Louise, born September 14, 1890; Daniel A., born June 20, 1892; Clar- issa, born November 7, 1894, and Dorothy, born February 6. 1897. HUGH HOLMES. The town of Belleville largely owes its early development and much of its later progress to this gentleman, who has been an important factor in the progress and advancement of Essex county. He was twice its representative in the general as- sembly, and after a long and useful life is now living retired in his pleasant home in his native town of Belleville, honored and respected by all. He was born September 8, 1820, at the home of his grandparents, his parents being Hugh antl Ann Eliza (Dow) Holmes. His maternal grandparents were Rev. John and Anna Dow, the former a Meth- odist minister, highly esteemed and beloved by the people of Belleville. He represent- ed his district in the state legislature of New Jersev during the latter part of the eigh- teenth century and died at the ripe old age of seventy-seven years. He had one son, William, who became sherifif of Essex coun- tv and married Catharine Van Zandford. by ESSEX COUNTY. ^09 vvhom he had one son, John, who was for many years a worthy citizen of Belleville. Rev. John Dow also had a son John, who died a bachelor, and the other members of his family were: Sarah, wife of Nicholas N. Jerolaman; Phoebe, wife of Jeremiah T. Brower, who was for many years a school- teacher of Belleville; Jane, wife of William H. Rolston, a New York pilot, by whom she had three sons, one of whom died dur- ing boyhood, the others being John H., who became a cashier in one of the banks of New York city, and Rosswell, who is still living and is now the president of the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company, of New York city; Abby, the next daughter of Rev. John Dow, became the wife of Will- iam Lee, and they had two children, Charles W. and Mary Ann; the fifth daughter, Mary Dow, became the wife of William M. Sandford, a local Methodist preacher, who died in Belleville, at the advanced age of ninety-one years; Eliza was the next of the family; and Margaret became the wife of Rev. Isaac N. Felch, a prominent Meth- odist minister of the New Jersey confer- ence, by whom she had two sons and two daughters. The paternal grandparents of our sub- ject were William atid Abigail (Crane) Holmes, the latter a daughter of Israel Crane, who was one of the pioneers of Cranetown, now Bloomfield, Essex county. William Holmes was born October 4, 1766, and his father was a native of the Emerald Isle, whence he came to America with his two sisters. Locating in Belleville. William Holmes was for many years one of its suc- cessful merchants. Lie and the Rev. John Dow were the founders of the first J^Ieth- odist Episcopal church in Belleville, and this was the first organization of the de- ii— 14 nomination in New Jersey. On the 19th of April, 1785, he married Abigail Crane, who was born Octoljer 30. 1768, and died Aug- ust 22, 1800. Their children were as fol- lows: Betsey, who was born March 2^, 1786, and became the wife of Benjamin Mead: Sarah married Ralph ]Mead; Lydia, born July 10, 1796, wife of States ]\Iead; Mathias, born March 23, 1788, and died June 26, 1796; ^\'ilson, who was born Aug- ust 22, 1794, and lost his life by drowning, July 6, 1799; and Israel, who was born Sep- tember 22. 1798. and married and located in New York, where he became a minister of the Presbyterian church. He had one son, ]\Iead, who became a Presbyterian minister, and resides in Rockford. Illinois, where he is very prominent in church cir- cles. He married and has two children. — a son who enlisted in the army during the rebellion and lost his life in l^attle. and Mary E., a talented and cultured woman, who is very active in Christian work. The father of our subject, Hugh Holmes, was born in Belleville, February 14. 1790, and married Eliza Dow, who was born November 15, 1789. They became the par- ents often children: Angelina, born ^Nlarch 9, 1 8 10, married Cyrus Pearson; Sarah Henrietta, born May 11, 1812, became the wife of John S. Kingsland and had two sons, — Hugh Adolphus and Stephen De Forrest; Orilla Clarissa, born May 16, 1814, married Charles A. Lent and has two children, James W. and Susan; William Wilson, born November 6, 1816, married Elizabeth Van Riper, who had three sons,— Edmund, John and William Dow: the last named has been postmaster of Belleville for the last thirteen years; Anna Eliza, born September 7, 1818, became the wife of James G. Hinkle and had three children, — 2IO IJ.^SEX COL STY. James, Frank and Sarah; Hugh is the sub- ject of this sketch; Lycha. born May 31, 1822. became the wife of Nicholas Van Houten and liad fi\-e cliikh-en, of whom Frank, Sarali and Emma are still liv- ing: John Dow. born May 7, 1825, died in early life; Adolphus Morrel, born December zy. 1827, died at the age of nine years; and Abigail Emeline, born October 31, 1829, became the wife of John Rusby, of Franklin township, and is still li\'ing, having seven sons and two daughters living. All of these children were bap- tized, at Belleville, Ijy their grandfather, Rev. John Dow. Hugh Holmes, whose name introduces this review, accjuired his education in the common schools, and when fourteen years of age continued his education in the night schools. He soon began to earn his own livelihood, and applied himself diligently to his work, following \-arious occupations un- til 1839, when, having by his earnest labors acquired some capital, he became asso- ciated with his brother-in-law in the manu- facture of tobacco, at Belleville, under the firm name of Holmes & Kingsland, in which enterprise they met with good suc- cess. His next business venture was in the grocery trade, in connection with liis brother-in-law. John Collard, under the firm name of Holmes & Collard, and on dis- posing of his interest in that line, he entered the coal business in East Newark, where he continued in business for five years. His ambition next led him to explore the oil fields of Pennsylvania and he there organized a company for the development of oil wells, becoming its manager. In this he only met with partial success and finally abandoned the enterprise, but the three wells which he opened afterward yielded an enormous output. On leaving Pennsylvania he went to the lumber regions of Michigan, where he built extensive mills for the manufacture of lumber and met with good success, but later he sold out and lost the result of his labors, owing to the dis- honesty of the purchaser. ^Ir. Holmes has at various times been interested in real es- tate in Belleville, and though he has met with some reverses his career has alto- gether been a prosperous one, owing to his energy, perseverance and well directed ef- forts. He was the principal factor in the upbuilding and development of Belleville at an early day and laid the foundation for its present prosperity and progress. He took an active interest in all matters pertaining to the general welfare and lent his support and co-operation to all measures for the public good. In his political views Mr. Holmes has al- ways been a Jeffersonian Democrat, and in 1854 he was nominated by his party for the general assembly, being elected by a ma- jority of three hundred, while at the pre- ceding election the opposition had a ma- jority of four hundred. At the end of his first term he was re-elected by an increased majority, a fact which indicated his fidelity to the interests of his constituents. During his second term he came within one vote of being elected speaker of the house. \Vhen his name was called for he voted for his opponent. Mr. Holmes was largely instru- mental in securing the passage of a number of important bills which afifected the inter- ests of Essex county. He was the leading spirit and prime mover of tlie bill which made Belleville a city, and his name is as- sociated with other important legislation. It is a recognizetl fact that Mr. Holmes a\s,s'7;a' rocxTY. 211 figured as the most prominent factor in many of the enterprises and undertakings which have conserved the development and material prosperity of Belleville, and his zealous efforts have not fallen short of ap- preciation on the part of his fellow citi- zens. There is no doubt that his chief ac- complishment in the way of advancing the interests of Belleville was in connection with the very important work of widening and deepening the channel of the Passaic river at this point, involving the elimination of the bar which had for so many years been a menace to navigation. Mr. Holmes in- augurated the movement for this essential improvement and labored earnestly and un- tiringly until success crowned his efforts. Through the effective aid of Hon. George A. Halsey, then a member of congress, an appropriation was secured from the govern- ment, in the amount of twenty-five thou- sand dollars, and this was subsequently in- creased to eighty thousand. This appro- priation was expended carefully and ju- diciously in the completion of the pre- scribed work, and the result will prove a perpetual benefit to navigation and to the various towns along the Passaic river. An article recently published speaks as fol- lows in regard to this great improvement : The draws in the bridges, which had al- ways been a nuisance, and by which much damage was occasioned, have been torn out and new ones placed therein, giving free navigation to the largest vessels that may want to sail on our river, and, most im- portant of all, our river, which was before only two feet in depth, has been so deep- ened as to make it equal to Newark in this respect, for any vessel that can get over the Newark bar, can reach the docks at Belle- ville. All the steamboats before the reefs w-ere cleaned out and deepened had to be run according to the tides, and, indeed, e\'erv sailing vessel and canal boat that came in the river had to wait for the tide. Some- times there would be half a dozen, above and below the reef, waiting to get over, and it was also a dangerous place for all vessels, — full of rocks, any one of which if a boat got fast, was sure to go through and fill the vessel with water, and if a perishable cargo, it was destro\'ed. Many and many a thou- sand of dollars have been the losses sus- tained thereby. Its reputation was as a bad and dangerous one throughout the com- mercial world. There was always from ten to twentv-five cents per ton more charged for freight, as lumber, l)rick, coal, etc., that had to cross the reef: in fact such was its reputation abroad that some captains could not be induced to bring a cargo over it at any price, and some who did load for Belle- ville would not start until a written indem- nity was given securing them from all loss. There are thousands of dollars annually saved to parties receiving freight on this river, from the fact of these great im- provements. Mr. Holmes was prevailed upon, by a large and enthusiastic meeting of citizens, to place steamboats on the river, with a positi^■e promise of one hundred com- muters, at thirty-five dollars each. He built a large boat adapted to the river, and bought another, his investment represent- ing thirty thousand dollars. He ran the boats for two years, but from the non- fulfillment of the promises his loss w'as nearly six thousand dollars, besides a great loss on the boats. To Mr. Holmes is also due the credit of having been the first per- son to propose the operation of horse cars on Broad street, in the city of Newark. On the 13th of September, 1842, Mr. Holmes was united in marriage to Miss Ann Dow Williams, a daughter of John and Rachel (Van Riper) Williams, who was born September 27, 1817. Their home life has been ideal, and their pleasant residence 212 ESSEX COUNTY. has ever been noted for its hospitality. They possess many social qualities which have brought them warm friendship, and they are favorites with the young as well as with those of more mature years. JOSEPH H. HAYDON, M. D. One of the busiest men of Newark is Dr. Haydon, whose extensive practice indicates his standing in the profession. Recondite genius often exists in specific instances, but is seldom brought into the clear light of utilitarian and practical life. Hope is of the valley, while effort is climbing the mountain side, so that personal advancement comes only to those whose hope and faith are those of action. Thus is determined the full measure of success to one who has strug- gled under disadvantageous circumstances, and the prostrate mediocrity to another whose ability has been as great and oppor- tunities wider. Then we may well hold in high regard the result of individual effort and personal accomplishment, for cause and effect here maintain their functions in full force. That Dr. Haydon has attained to an eminent position in the medical profession is due to his careful and systematic prepara- tion for the work, his fidelity, his deep inter- est in the science of medicine and his de- termination to succeed. Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, April 12, 1 85 1, he is the only son of William B. and Mary E. W. (Jewett) Haydon. His father was a native of Hopkinsville, Ken- tucky, and for some years resided in the south. He made his home in New Orleans and also lived in Mobile, Alabama, where he served as mayor of the city and also as a member of the board of city aldermen. He was a Alason of high standing and a promi- nent and influential factor in the public life of the cities in which he at various times made his home. The Haydon family is well known throughout Kentucky and other southern states. The Doctor's mother was a daughter of General Jewett, a soldier of the Mexican war. She was a lady of natural culture and refinement and like her hus- band spent her last days in Newark. Her birth occurred in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Dr. Haydon spent his early days in the south, and at the age of sixteen entered the University of Virginia, where he remained as a student for four years. He then en- tered the medical department of the Uni- versity of New York, where he was grad- uated with high honors in the class of 1872. Among his classmates were such eminent physicians as Dr. E. C. Spitzka, of New York city; Dr. Weeks, of Trenton, New Jersey, and Dr. J. E. Winter, of the New York University. Dr. Haydon is now a member of the Alumni Association of that institution. For the first six months after leaving college he was associated with the charity hospital on Blackwell's island, and for three months was in the Epileptic and Paralytic Hospital on that island. Subse- quently he spent six months in the New York City Asylum for the Insane, on \\'ard's island, and for one year was in the Colored Home Hospital of Sixty-fifth street and First avenue, New York. His varied and extensive experience in these various hospi- tals gave him splendid equiiiment for the private practice of his profession, and in his chosen calling he has won a reputation among the ablest physicians of Newark. Dr. Flaydon came to this city in Decem- ber, 1874, and opened an office at the corner of Bank and Washington streets, where he entered upon a general practice. He de- ES^EX COUXTY. 213 votes his energies to all lines of medical and surgical work, but perhaps making special- ties of surgery and nervous and obstetrical diseases. His ability is of a very high order, and, added to a profound knowledge of the science of medicine and surgery, he has that accuracy and calm judgment which are in- dispensable to the successful physician. His practice is now very large, and he is there- by winning a success which he justly merits. He is a member of the ^-Esculapian Society, the Essex District Medical Society, the New Jersey State Medical Association and the American Medical Association. The Doctor is also a member of many so- cial fraternities, but finds little time to de- vote to them on account of the pressing de- mands of his practice. He was for fifteen years medical examiner for the Prudential Insurance Company, of Newark, and for some time held a similar position in con- nection with the United States Life Insur- ance Company. In politics he is an inde- pendent Democrat, but has little time to give to political affairs. Dr. Haydon married Miss Sarah C. Green, a daughter of Amos A. Green, and theirs is one of the charming homes of the city, its hospitality being proverbial. So- cially, the Doctor's cordiality is well known, and his unfailing courtesy and gen- uine worth render him a favorite with all classes. MICHAEL BARRY, funeral director and undertaker. No. 18 Val- ley street. West Orange, was born in Ross- common county, Ireland, February 22, 1845, and is the son of Dennis and Bridget (O'Berine) Barry. His mother was a daugh- ter of Michael O'Berine, who came to America in the latter part of the eighteenth century and located in Brooklyn, New York, where he successfully engaged in the manu- facture of leather for a number of years. He afterward returned to the land of his na- tivity, where he died in 1852. Mrs. Bridget Barry was a cousin of General James O'Ber- ine, a distinguished officer of the civil war. Dennis Barry, the father of our subject, was a son of Michael Barry, who had a large family of sons and daughters, most of whom came to America and settled in New Or- leans, Louisiana. Dennis Barry and his wife are now residents of Mount Vernon, New York, and both are communicants of the Catholic church, in which faith they reared their family of thirteen children, four of whom are still living. Michael; Bernard, who resides in Mount Vernon, New York; Mary, who also lives in that place, and John, who makes his home in Orange, New Jer- sey. Michael Barry attended a public school in his native country until eleven years of age, when he accompanied his parents on their emigration to America, and completed his education in the schools of Mount Vernon. When his school days were over, he be- gan to learn the hatter's trade, in the fac- tory of Edwin Tichenor, and was thus en- gaged until after the Ijreaking out of the civil war, when, feeling that it was his duty to aid his adopted country, he enlisted in the United States Navy and served under Commodore Farragnt until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged in New York, April 19, 1865. Returning to his home Mr. Barry worked at the hatter's trade as a journeyman for one year, and then became manager of Wil- liam Henderson's hat factory, in which ca- pacity he served for about a year. He then 214 ESSEX COUXTY. became one of the organizers of the firm of Cummings, Matthews & Barry, hat man- ufacturers, and entered upon a prosperous epoch in his business career. Under the wise and prudent management of the part- ners, all well known business men of thor- ough reliability, the business steadily and constantly increased, and brought to the owners a handsome income. Mr. Barry continued a member of this firm until 1887, when he sold out. He then spent some time traveling in Europe, and on his return to America, located in Orange Valley, estab- lishing his present successful undertaking and funeral-directing business. In 1894 he removed to his present location, where he has extensive warerooms and a large stock of everything needed in his line. On the 6fh of October, 1872, Mr. Barry was united in marriage to Miss Mary Mc- Hugh, a daughter of Peter and Ann (Fitz- gerald) McHugh. To this union ha\e been born five children: Mary Francis, who is a graduate of the Seton Hall Academy, of South Orange; Walter Francis Leo, who is assisting his father in business; Genevieve, who is at present a student in the parochial school of the Church of Our Lady of the Valley, and is also the organist in the church; Annie Christiana and Aloysius. Mr. BariT and his family are all com- municants of the Roman Catholic church, and he is a member in good standing of a number of fraternal organizations, name- ly: The Knights of Columbus, The Catho- lic Benevolent Legion, the St. Patrick's Al- liance of America, and the Ancient Order of Hibernians. Mr. Barry has always taken an active interest in local and political af- fairs, and has been more or less identified with the various offices in the township. He has served for two terms as a member of the board of education, was for a number of \ears a member of the fire department of Orange, and served for one term in the health department, during which time he was president of the board. Fie is recog- nized as one of the successful and enter- prising business men of Orange Valley, and has won a handsome competence, due to his untiring energy and perseverance. MATTHIAS S. CRANE, M. D.. one of the prominent and popular physi- cians of Newark, was born in Fulton street, that city, on the 25th of December, 1844, and is a son of Matthias and Elizabeth (Morgan) Crane. His father was born at Paulins Hook, now Jersey City, being a de- scendant of north-of-Ireland and Scotch stock, and for many years he was a citizen of Newark, where he was an expert in the line of \'eneering, varnishing and gold-leaf painting. He was at one time general man- ager of Sigler's Cabinet \\'orks, one of the old town industries, the manufactory stand- ing formerly on the site of the present Pennsylvania Railroad depot, in Market street. For several years Mr. Crane lived at Irvington with his family, which he left in Newark in 1854-5, and went to New Or- leans, with the intention of locating there and engaging in the sugar business. The war cloud, however, which was at that time gathering, convinced him that he would be better off in the north, and thither he re- turned, remaining in Newark until his death, which occurred in 1893, at No. 199 Garside street. Mrs. Crane was born on Manhattan Island, and is now living in Newark, at the venerable age of eighty-six years. The primary education of ]\Iatthias S. ESSEX COUNTY. 2l- Crane was acquired in the public schools of Camptown. now Irving^ton, and a pri- vate select school there, taught by Miss Peck. On the 30th of August, 1861, at the age of fifteen years anil eight months, he answered the call of duty and enlisted in the defense of the Union, in Company E, Eighth Regiment, New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, serving in the Third Brigade, Second Di\ision, under General Joe Hook- er, Third Army Corps, Army, of the Poto- mac. He participated in the battles of York- town, \Mlliamsburg. Fair Oaks, \'ir- ginia, lieing imder fire for a month; Malvern Hill twice, Bristow Station, Fredericksburg, second Bull Run and Chancellorsville, having his left shoul- der shot away at the latter en- g'agement while carrying the regimental colors to the front. The regimental loss in that battle was one hundred and twenty- five out of a total of two hundred and si.xty- eight engaged. Air. Crane, with his regi- ment, participated in fourteen battles, ex- clusive of skirmishes; and while lying at the United States Army General Hospital on Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, he was mus- tered out of service, on the I7tli of June, 1864, being incapacitated for further duty on account of the injury received. While an inmate of the army hospital ]\Ir. Crane was detailed as a clerk to the board of sur- gery, and under its preceptorage he began the study of medicine. \\ hen able to do so he left the hospital and returned to his home, where, notwithstanding his still open wound, he was drafted for service, but was, of course, excused when the circumstances became known. In consequence of his in- jury he was an invalid for four or five years following the war. and in order to recuper- ate his health he went to the mountains of Pennsylvania, wliere he lived in a lent dur- ing one summer, which proved of great benefit to him and eft'ected a complete change in his condition. Subsequently Dr. Crane located in Cosh- octon, Ohio, and there read medicine under the tuition of Dr. J. B. Ingram, later at- tending two courses of lectures at Starling ]\Iedical College, and at the Columbus Medical College, graduating at the latter in 1878. Upon obtaining his diploma he went to Newton county, Indiana, and there engaged in the practice of his profession for about two years, when a disastrous fire destro)'ed everything he possessed, and he moved to the southwestern part of Benton county, in the same state, where he con- tinued in practice alone for two years, and then formed a professional partnership with Dr. J. Y. Campbell, at Paxton, Ford coun- ty, Illinois. While in the latter place the Doctor was severely afflicted with rheuma- tism and returned to Newark, and here, since November, 1882, he has followed his profession with the distinguished success that is well merited by his extensive knowl- edge of his calling in all its branches. He holds diplomas from the Starling Medical College, the Columbus Medical College, is a licentiate of the Illinois State Medical Board (1879), a post-graduate of the Chi- cago Medical College in 1882, and is an alumnus of the Starling Medical College, 1895, and of the Columbus Medical Col- lege, 1878. For five years the Doctor has served as secretary of the Newark Board of United States Pension Examiners: he is a member of the Union \^eteran Legion, in which he held the offlce of colonel of En- campment No. 100 during the year 1895, and was its surgeon general in 1895-6, with the rank of brigadier general. He is the 2l6 ESSEX COUNTY. present commander of Marcus L. Ward Post, No. 88, Department of New Jersey, Grand Army of the Republic, and was aned- ical director of that department in 1894-5. Dr. Crane celebrated his marriage on the 2ist of January, 1873, at Coshocton, Ohio, where he was united to Miss Carrie C. Wil- son, daughter of William and Virginia Wil- son, of Coshocton county. The following four children have been born to the Doctor and his wife: Frank Pierce, deceased; Fred M.. David H. and Kathie M. HENRY E. BAILEY, a well known resident of Millburn. was born in Millburn township, Essex county. New Jersey, on the i6th of June, 1848. The ancestry of Mr. Bailey can be traced in a direct line back to Thomas Bailey, who was born November 25, 1717, his wife's birth having taken place on September 22, 1722. He died August 5, 1768. Samuel Bailey, son of Thomas, was born April 24, 1756, and married Phoebe Beach on September 15' 1779- She was born November 15, 1752. Their deaths occurred April 28, 181 5, and October 18, 1793, respectively. Six children were born to them, namely : Samuel, John, David, Abraham R., Thomas Wade and Phoebe. Samuel (2d) was born in Millburn town- ship on January 8, 1781, and engaged in the meat business and in farming during his life. On the 4th of March, 1801, he mar- ried Miss Polly Edwards, and their chil- dren were : Phoebe, Aaron, Edward, John, Maria, Abraham Edwards, Harriet Ed- wards, Phoebe D., Samuel M., Oliver E., and Charles M. Mr. Bailey was prominent in public affairs and held several local of- fices. He died September 19, 1867, his wife having departed this life August 19, 1851. He was twice married, his second wife be- ing Mrs. Abigail Crowel, a sister of his first wife. Samuel M. Bailey was born in Millburn on the 25th of February, 1818, and early in life learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for several years, subsequently succeeding his father in the meat business and engaging in the same at Short Hills for a long period. On No- vember 23, 1842, he was married to Miss Lydia Baldwin, a daughter of Ezra Bald- win. Six children were born to them, four daughters and two sons. Mr. Bailey was an active Republican, and was township assessor, township commit- teenian and held numerous other local of- fices. Mrs. Bailey died on the 9th of De- cember, 1889, and was survived by her hus- band until February 15, 1897. Henry E. Bailey, the eldest of the two sons and the immediate subject of this mention, has passed nearly all his life on and near the old homestead. On the 25th of February, 1873, he was united in mar- riage to Miss Odessa Reeves, a daughter of Abner and Elizabeth (Baldwin) Reeves, and they have two daughters. In his political adherency Mr. Bailey is a supporter of the Republican party and re- ligiously he and his family attend the Pres-. byterian church of Springfield. EDMUND WILLIAMS. Advancement has been the watchword of the world through the present century. In every line of endeavor great progress has been made, but in no field of human efifort has it been more marked than in hor- ticulture. Experiment, scientific research, chemical analysis, the conditions and eiifect of climate, — all have been taken into consid- H. E. BAILEY ESSEX COUNTY. 217 eration in the production of fruits, vegeta- bles and flowers, and varieties have been so multiplied and qualities improved that the products of nursery, garden and greenhouse are almost beyond comparison with those of a century ago. In New Jersey there was no one who did more to improve this line of business than Edmund Williams, who ranked first among the horticulturists of the state. He was born in Montclair (then West Bloomfield), ]\lay 14, 1831. Early in life he became deeply interested in the produc- tion of flowers and fruit, and studied closely the best methods of caring for and cultivat- ing trees, shrubs and plants. He carried his investigation and researches far be^-ond the average horticulturist, and his disco\- eries and comprehensive knowledge of the subject gained him marked prestige in this department. He became known through- out the country as a prominent horticultur- ist, and was instrumental in introducing the Kittatinny blackberry; also was the first planter of the noted Japan or Oriental plum in this locality. His forte was fruit culture, particularly the cultivation of grapes and strawberries, and he was also the originator of the Montclair raspberry. His intimate knowledge of pomological matters was stamped with practical truth and absolute honesty. Being a ready and lucid writer, J\Ir. Wil- liams contributed freely to the horticultural press of the country, and what he wrote had sterling practical value as the expression of a wide experience and a singularly clear insight. He took deep interest in the arts and sciences allied to his profession, and was one of the founders of the New Jersey State Horticultural Society, serving as sec- retarv the first fifteen ^■ears of its existence. and afterward as president for two years. He died July 12, 1894, and at the twentieth annual session of the New Jersey Stale Horticultural Society, held at Trenton, Jan- uary 2 and 3, 1895, the following memorial was read: "Nineteen years ago, on the 17th of Aug- ust, 1875, a few men, earnest and enthu- siastic horticulturists of this state, met and organized the New Jersey State Horticul- tural Society, numbering among them men from all sections of the state, noted for their love and interest in horticulture, the ob- ject being mutual intercourse and promot- ing the interest of this science so intimately interwoven with our daily life, many of whom have gone to join the silent hosts, and conspicuous among whom was our for- mer secretary and for the last two years president of this society. "Edmund Williams, chosen to occupy the position of secretary of the society at its organization, ably discharged — and how ably we all know — the duties devolvingupon him for a number of years, until incapaci- tated by bodily disease and intense suft'er- ing, when he was obliged to relinquish the active duties pertaining to the office, but still retained his interest in the afifairs and prosperity of the society Two years ago he was chosen to preside over the society as its president, and retained his interest in it to the last. "Edmund Williams was in many respects a unique man. Starting in life in an entirely dift'erent calling, his tastes and inclinations led him to adopt the profession of horticul- ture, and in this he was certainly the right man in the right place. Combined with his ardent love for his chosen profession, he was in all respects 'the noblest work of God — an honest man.' 215 ESSEX CorXTY. "In his in\-estigation of all things he was thorongh, active, conscientious and true, and gave to the public his honest convic- tions, but not without thorough investiga- tion and careful study. He was a large and popular contributor to the horticultural journals of the day, and his opinions regard- ing the merits of the new fruits and the modes of cultix-ating generally, as well as older varieties, were sound and reliable, and anything over the signature of 'E. W.' se- cured careful attention. "We recognize, in addition to his serv- ices to the cause of horticulture, the bene- fit he conferred upon the general public by his timely and uns])aring criticisms and ex- posure of many of the horticultural hum- bugs of the day. "Mr. Williams — after a long and painful illness, and how painful none knew save those in daily intercourse with him — was finally called to his rest on July 12, 1894. His end came peacefully and he passed away as one going to sleep. He died as he had lived — in the hope of a glorious immortal- ity. Truly the Lord giveth his beloved sleep. "We desire to record our testimony to his worth as a man, as a friend, as a coun- selor and as a Christian. May his death serve to incite us all to increased exertions in the interest of the cause he loved so well, and be prepared to do our duty, one and all, and when the final summons comes, be as w-ell prepared as he!" J. C. WILLIAMS. The proprietor of the Chestnut Hill Nur- series, whose name forms the caption of this article, was born on the old family home- stead in West Hloomfield township, now Alontclair, Essex county, February i, 1846, and is the third son of John and Martha H. (Carter) Williams. The family was founded in this county at the time the \ew England colony made a settlement in this locality. The grandfather, Zenas Williams, was born in Essex county, and the father was a native of West Orange, born Decem- ber 3, 1798. Throughout his life he fol- lowed the occupation of farming, and was one of the well known and highly respected citizens of the community. He is now de- ceased, but the mother of our subject is still living on the old homestead, in the ninety- third year of her age, her birth having oc- curred in 1805. Her father. Philander Car- ter, w as a native of Alorris county. New Jer- sey. J. C. Williams was reared ui)on his father's farm and attended the district schools, supplementing his early education- al privileges by a commercial course in Bry- ant & Stratton's Inisiness college, of New- ark. He entered upon his business career as a merchant, in Orange, but after carry- ing on operations along that line for eigh- teen months he sold out and returned to the farm. Soon afterward he entered into partnership with his brother Edmund, un- der the firm name of E. & J. C. Williams, proprietors of the Chestnut Hill Nurseries, at Montclair. They engaged in a general nurseiy business and stood at the head of their line of trade in this part of the state. The senior member of the firm was one of the most prominent and honored horti- culturists that the state has produced, and the vounger brother, whose name heads this sketch, has fully sustained the high reputation which is attached to the name of Williams in connection with horticulture. He not onlv understands the best meth- ESSEX COUNTY. 219 ods of raising fruits, l^ut is also a practical business man in trade transactions, and thoroughly reliable at all times. MORGAN WILLCOX AYRES. :M. D., residing at Lorraine avenue and Park, Up- per Montclair, has been a resident since 1876, when he came from Brooklyn. New- York, the city of his birth, being the son of Dr. Daniel and Charlotte Augusta (Rus- sell) Ayres, of that city. GEORGE ARNOLD, is one of the worthy citizens that the Fath- erland has furnished to New Jersey. He was born in Bavaria, Germany, on the i ith of October, 1856, a son of Conrad and Eliz- abeth (TofYer) Arnold. His father died in 1858, leaving the mother with two chil- dren. George and Margaret, the latter now the wife of Fred Zigler, of South Orange. Mrs. Arnold afterward married again, be- coming the wife of a Mr. Koab. and in her native land she still resides. To the public schools of Germany George Arnold is indebted for the educational ad- vantages which he received. He served a three years' apprenticeship to the shoe- maker's trade and afterward worked as a journeyman for seven years, but wages were low and opportunities for advancement meager in the old world and he resolved to test the advantages offered to young men in the American republic. Accordingly he sailed for the United States in 1872 and learned the barber's trade, which he fol- lowed in New York city until 1878. In that year he entered the military service of his adopted country. He had inherited from liis father, who was a proficient musi- cian, much of his love for and talent in that art, and as a member of the band of the Twentieth Regiment of the United States troops he joined the army, serving in that capacity in Texas for four years and in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, for one year, when his term having expired, he was honorably discharged. Locating in Orange, Mr. Arnold opened a barber shop, which he conducted for three years, when he came to South Orange and followed his trade for a time. His industry, economy, perseverance and straightforward dealing brought to him some capital, which he invested in the old Hixon property, a farm situated on Valley street. This he divided into town lots and has sold a large number at a good profit. For some years he has been extensix'cly engaged in the real- estate business and his progressiveness in this direction has contributed not a little to the upbuilding and substantial improve- ment of the town. He also represents a number of the old, relial)le insurance com- panies and his business in this direction has added not a little to his income. His suc- cess is the outgrowth of his own well di- rected efforts, the result of his honorable dealing and industry, and has been so worthily achieved that it places him above all envy. Mr. Arnold has been twice married. In 1883 he was joined in wedlock to Miss Eliz- abeth Bruner, a native of Switzerland, who died in 1884. In 1886 he married Miss Caroline F. Werner, a nati\e of Newark and a daughter of Charles F. Werner, now a hardware dealer of Orange. Their family numbers five children: Irene, Louise, Ruth, Margaret and \\^erner. Mr. Arnold is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, the Roval Arcanum and the An- 220 ESSEX COUXTY. cient Order of Unitetl Workmen. He also belongs to the Markwith band, the oldest organization of the kind in the state, and has done much to promote a love and taste for music in this locality-. AARON B. DENMAN follows farming in his native township of Millburn. He was born on the old family homestead March 19. 1815, and is a son of John Denman, whose birth also occurred there. The grandfather, Thomas Denman. was also a native of the same locality. Tra- dition says that the ancestors of the Den- man family in America were three brothers who came from England in early colonial days, by name Stephen, Jacob and John; and that all reared families in the vicinity of Millburn and Springfield, New Jersey. Thomas Denman was a large land-owner and received much of his land in its primi- tive condition from the English govern- ment. The district was then thickly set- tled with Indians, who occasioned much trouble to the white people. Throughout the war of the Revolution the grandfather served as a gallant soldier of the colonies and was several times wounded, carrying the British lead with him to his grave. He married Hannah Chandler, of Elizabeth, who belonged to one of the first families of this state. John Denman, father of our subject, was reared and educated under his father's di- rection, and on account of his father's health took charge of the old homestead. Upon the latter's death he came into pos- session of a portion of it and continued to conduct the farm in connection with shoe- making in company with his eldest son, Ed- win. They manufactured shoes and sold to the New York trade, and thus added not a little to his income. He was united in marriage to Miss Deideme Dean, a daugh- ter of Jacob Dean, who was a large land- holder and belonged to an old New Jersey family. To this union were born the fol- lowing children: Edwin, Aaron, Isaac, Lewis, Bethuel, Thomas, Electa (widow of Daniel Dean), and Henrietta, wife of George Littell, of Livingston township. The family were acceptable members of the Presbyterian church. The parents are both now deceased. Aaron B. Denman was reared under the parental roof and acquired his education in the public schools of the neighborhood. After attaining his majority he continued to follow the occupation which had claimed much of his attention in boyhood and has throughout his life been identified with the agricultural interests of Millburn township. He also assisted his father at shoemaking in his younger years, and after his marriage purchased forty acres of the old homestead, whereon he has since made his home. He has added many substantial improvements to the place and now has one of the finest farms in Essex, supplied with all modern accessories and conveniences. In 1838 Mr. Denman was united in mar- riage to Miss Mary Ross, a daughter of Aaron and Hannah (Drew) Ross, natives of Millburn township and early settlers of this section of the county. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Denman are Henrietta, wife of \Mlliam Browning, a resident of East Madison; Elizabeth, now deceased; Anna, who married George Denman, and is living in Millburn. The mother of this family de- parted this life on the 2d of April, 1855, and for his second wife Mr. Denman chose Mrs. James Howell, a widow. They have one ESSEX COUNTY. 221 child, Elmer, who married Lottie Brokaw, a daughter of Leander and Charlotte Bro- kaw, and now resides in Millburn township. Mr. Denman votes with the Democracy, but has never been an aspirant for political honors. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church and his well spent life has won him uniform regard. He is now living retired, being the owner of several valuable farms and other property which yields him a good income and en- ables him to lay aside the heavier burdens of business life. H. MESSENGER AYRES, M. D., resides at Park street and Inwood avenue, Upper Montclair. He removed in 1895 from Brooklyn, New York, his birthplace, being a son of Dr. Daniel and Charlotte Augusta (Russell) Ayres, of that city. F. W. WOLFE. A man's reputation is the property of the world. The laws of nature have forbidden isolation. Every human being submits to the controlling influence of others, or, as a master spirit, wields a power either for good or evil on the masses of mankind. There can be no impropriety in justly scanning the acts of any man as they affect his public and business relations. If he is honest and eminent in his chosen field of labor, investi- gation will brighten his fame and point the path that others may follow with like suc- cess. From among the ranks of quiet, per- severing yet prominent citizens — promi- nent on account of what he has done in commercial circles — there is no one more deserving of mention in a volume of this character than Mr. \\'^olfe. He was born in New York city in 1849, and removed with his parents to Pleas- antdale, Essex county, New Jersey, when only two years old. He is a son of John and Margaretta (Pomer) Wolfe, well-to-do farming people, who owned considerable property in Pleasantdale. The father died in 1889, but the mother is still living. Their family numbered the following named : George, who married Esta Williams; F. W., of this review; John F., who wedded Caro- line Sippel and is living in Pleasantdale; and Margaretta, wife of George Noll, a res- ident of New York. F. W. ^^'olfe was reared to manhood in Pleasantdale, and after attaining his ma- jority was united in marriage to Miss Mary Werner, a native of Millbach, Germany, and a daughter of J. Baptiste and Helen Werner. Her father died in 1891, and her mother passed away on the 29th of April, 1897. Mr. Wolfe is a thoroughgoing, enterpris- ing and up-to-date business man, and his efforts have been crowned with success. In 1880 he embarked in merchandizing in Pleasantdale and three years later erected his present residence and store building, in which he has since conducted a general store. He carries a large stock of goods and from the surrounding country re- ceives a liberal patronage. His straightfor- ward business methods and his earnest de- sire to please his patrons secure him a con- tinuance of their support and bring to him a good income. He is the owner of a con- siderable extent of desirable real estate, hav- ing ten acres of land surrounding his store and twenty-six acres on the Pleasant Valley way, which is rapidly increasing in value as population extends in that direction. He also owns three residences in West Orange, which he rents. 222 ESSEX COUXTY. Mr. Wolfe was appointed postmaster of Pleasantdale under President Cleveland's administration and has held the office for the past ten years, with credit to himself and satisfaction to the patrons of the office. He and his wife are active members of the Pres- byterian church, in which he is now serving as treasurer and trustee. He contributes liberally to its support and does all in his power for the promotion of the cause. Al- ways social and genial, he possesses a social disposition that well fits him for his official duties and his mercantile life. HEZEKIAH DARE, one of the representative citizens of South Orange township. Essex county. New Jer- sey, is an Englishman by birth and early as- sociation, having been born in England in 1823, a son of English parents. Samuel Dare, his father, emigrated to this country with his family in 1842 and located first in Montgomery county. New York, where he followed his occupation, that of farming. In 1855 he left New York and went west to Kankakee, Illinois, where he spent the rest of his life. Both he and his wife died at Kankakee a number of years ago. She was before her marriage Miss Anna Biggs, her native place being near Wrinton. Both were devoted Christians, members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and enjoyed the high esteem of all mIio knew them. Following are the names of their children : Hezekiah, whose name heads this sketch; Elizabeth, deceased; John, who married Antonette Howard; Mary, matron of the House of Shelter at Albany, New York; Mark, who married Miss Florence Howard, and is a school teacher in Illinois; Hannah, widow of a Mr. Koon, resides with her children at Kanka- kee. Illinois; Mrs. Anna Kolgon, of Kansas. Hezekiah Dare was reared to farm life, his boyhood days being spent in assisting his father in the farm work, and shortly after their settlement in America he learned the carpenter's trade. This trade he has followed through life. Mr. Dare has been married three times. His first wife, nee Sarah Staley, he wedded in December, 1849. She was a native of Scotchbush, New York, and a daughter of Harmonious Staley, a New Yorker and a representative of one of the first families that settled in the Empire state. Their union was blessed in the birth of two chil- dren, namely : Eveline and Anna, the for- mer a resident of South Orange township, Essex county. New Jersey, and the latter of Amsterdam, New York. For his second wife Mr. Dare married Frances Irene Reeves, a native of this township and a daughter of Thomas A. Reeves, a repre- sentative of one of the first families of Essex countv. Of their children, we record that Samuel Allen is an engineer at Long Branch, New Jersey; Raymond Scott mar- ried Miss Susan Baker, lives at Maplewood, New Jersey, and is a painter by trade; Jo- sephine is deceased; Emery, who married Charlotte Gardiner, and \\'alter Edward are at home. The mother of these children died in 1876. The present ]\Irs. Dare was formerly Miss Agnes Campbell. She is a native of Millburn township, Essex county. New Jersey, her people having long been residents of this county. At the outbreak of the Mexican war in 1846 the patriotism of i\Ir. Dare was aroused and in the fall of that year he en- listed in the United States army and went ESSEX COUNTY. 223 to the front, where lie saw much hard fight- ing. Among the prominent engagements in w hich lie particii)aieore the maiden name of Florence Fairchild. Susie Herdman, the second of that family, was graduated in the Orange high school and completed her education in the State Normal School, in Trenton. She was a teacher in the Franklin public schools, of East Orange, New Jersey, for ten years, and then married Herbert Bloom- field, with whom she removed to Walton Mills, Suffolk, England. In 1897 she re- moved to Cape Town, South Africa, where she is now living. Joseph W. Herdman, the third child, completed his education in the Franklin public school and is now en- gaged in the plumbing business. 240 ESSEX col \TY. Air. and Airs. Travis liad four children. Isaac Newton, Jr.. was born in Philadel- phia, July 29, 1873. and after accompany- ing his parents on their trip to Texas re- turned with them to Orange in 1881. He was graduated in the grammar schools of West Orange, and at an early age dis- played unusual ability and zeal in the study of natural sciences, especially natural his- tory. \\'ithout the advantages afforded by a collegiate education, he began the study of ornithology, and subsequently became an expert taxidennist, pursuing that profes- sion with remarkable success. Being a sportsman, he made frecuient trips into the country, where with his dog and gun he secured many specimens. He was also an expert in the use of the camera and became a member of the Orange Camera Club. He soon found a broad field for his labor, being employed as taxidermist in the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History, in Cen- tral Park, New York, where his superior \vorkmanship soon won him high honors. He was appointed to represent the Museum of Natural History, as naturalist and taxi- dermist, on the Dr. Cook-Peary relief ex- pedition to the Arctic regions. The expedi- tion sailed with the steamship Miranda, July 7, 1894, and were shipwrecked olY the coast of Greenland, losing everything and barely escaping with their li\'es. They were rescued by Captain Dixon, of the fishing schooner Rigel. After returning home Mr. Travis con- tinued with the Museum of Natural His- tory until December, 1895, when he ac- cepted the position of superintendent of the ornithological dci)artment of the Field Columbian Museum, Chicago, where he re- mained ten months, when he resigned and resumed his former position in the Museum of Natural History, Central Park, New York, which position he held at the time of his death, August 28, 1897. It is seldom that a man so young becomes so noted as a specialist, but Mr. Travis took rank among the most prominent in his line in the en- tire country, and his death proved a great loss to the scientific world as well as to his family and friends. Annie Nadin, the second of the family, was graduated at the East Orange high school and is now a student in the State Normal School, Trenton. George Thomas is a graduate of the New Jersey Business College, Newark. For five years he was employed in the mirror department of the \'an Horn Grifiin Glass House, of New York, as shipping clerk, paymaster and assistant manager. He is now proprietor of a prosperous" bicycle store in Orange. Mary Marcella, the youngest, is a graduate of the East Orange high school. Mr. Travis' family attend the Grace Episcopal church. Socially, Mr. Travis is connected with Corinthian Lodge No. 57, A. F. & A. M., and is also a popular mem- ber of Garfield Lodge No. 2775, Knights of Honor, of Orange, and of the Orange Conclave No. 475, Improved Order of Heptasophs. ISAAC PRESTON BALDWIN, who represented one of the oldest families of the county, was born at the homestead on Scotland street. Orange, June 17, 1821, and descended from sturdy ancestry noted for longevity. Jonathan Baldwin removed from Branford, Connecticut, to Newark, New Jersey, in 1668, and settled at the foot of the mountain, in which localitv the town ISAAC PRESTON BALDWIN. ESSEX COUNTY. 241 of Orange was afterward builded. Since that year the representatives of this family have all been born in Orange, a record that can hardly be paralleled in the history of another family of the commnnity, and their historv is also remarkable for the longevity of those who bear the name of Baldwin, very few having passed away be- fore the age of eighty years, while many have been nonagenarians. Caleb Baldwin, who resides in Orchard street, Newark, is now in his ninety-ninth year. The parents of our subject were Isaac and Nancy Bald- win. \M:en Mr. Baldwin of this review reached the age of twelve years his school life was completed, for his father at that time secured him employment in the store and shoe factory of Ichabod Condit, who car- ried on business on Mount Pleasant ave- nue, at the foot of the mountain. The young employe was mostly engaged in packing shoes and became quite expert in that line of work. In 1838 he was appren- ticed to Henry Stryker. under whose direc- tion he _ learned the trade of a hatter, and when his term was completed he had ac- quired a thorough knowledge of the busi- ness, from the bowing of the fur to the finishing, trimming and packing. While al- ways faithful to his duties, Mr. Baldwin found time for a great deal of boyish en- joyment, and in later years took great de- light in relating many of the pranks and practical jokes that were perpetrated in that vicinity by himself and companions. The Stryker shops stood on the northwest cor- ner of Main and Center streets, with the Condit shops on the opposite side of the street. In the year 1848 Mr. Baldwin became the proprietor of the Park House, then the ii— 16 principal hotel in the Oranges, but after one year abandoned that enterprise to en- ter the employ of the Golden Rule, a publi- cation of that day. Later he became con- nected with the United States Express Company, and in 1853, in partnership with Jonathan and Alexander McChesney, under the firm name of McChesney & Bald- win, he began the manufacture of hats in the shops that stood on Main street just op- posite the west end of ^Military Common. In this undertaking he was prosperous; he was a progressive man, ready to turn all im- provements to advantage. It was while here that he introduced the first labor- saving machine used among the hat-manu- facturers of this section of the country. This was a sewing-machine, the first of any kind ever brought to Orange. The firm of McChesney & Baldwin con- tinued until 1857. when Mr. Baldwin with- drew and embarked in business on his own account. Soon afterward he was appointed post- master of Orange by President Buchanan, and distributed the mails from a little office that occupied a part of the drug store of Cyrus S. Miner in the Gerbert building, ad- joining the corner of Main and Canfield streets, where he remained until 1859, when for the first time in its history the postoffice was located separate from other busi- ness interests. This change was great- ly appreciated by the people, as were many others introduced by Mr. Baldwin, which greatly increased the postal facilities of the office. During the period of his incum- bency in the postoffice Mr. Baldwin ren- dered signal service to the people along the entire line of the Morris & Essex Railroad. In those days Edward Jackson, of Dover, was the only postal clerk on the trains of 242 ESSEX COUXTY. that line. He made two trips over the road each way daily, and it not infrequently occurred that from one cause or another he failed to make connection and there would be no one to take on, assort and throw off the mails. Mr. Baldwin, in these instances, would board the train and perform the work, until Jackson's train was met, when they would exchange places. The railroad company's recognition of this valuable ser- vice was a pass over their road given to Air. Baldwin. His connection with the post- office ceased in i860. ]\Ir. Baldwin served the county as cor- oner when that office was one of more im- portance than it now is, and twice held a commission as justice of the peace. In i860 he was census marshal for Orange, which then included what is now the city of Orange and the townships of East Orange, West Orange and a part of South Orange. The population, according to his enumeration, was eight thousand nine hundred and sixty-four. In politics he was an unswerving Democrat, and was a recog- nized leader of his party. From 1840 until i860 no man in Essex county was more prominent or better known in the Democ- racy than he. As a member of the Orange Troop he participated in the great recep- tion held in honor of General Kossuth in 1850. Later, when the Orange Brigade was organized, he was chosen lieutenant colonel of the First Regiment, the other officers being Alfred F. Munn, colonel; Napoleon Stetson, major; Jeptha B. Linds- ley, quartermaster, and Joseph A. Condit, adjutant. One faculty possessed by Mr. Baldwin that added greatly to his local reputation was his brilliant memory for events and dates, both local and general, and manv a discussion concerning these points was re- ferred to him for settlement. Often wagers were made to be decided by him. Some- times it occurred that a disputant, having been defeated, would insist upon looking up documentary evidence, but when found it was in\-ariably in accord with liis state- ments. In 1842 Mr. Baldwin was united in mar- riage to Abby Dean, a daughter of \'iner Dean, and to them were born eight chil- dren, two of whom died in infancy. The others are all living, namely : Jane Au- gusta, wife of Frank Arnold; Frank Wil- fred; Jeptha Harrison; Mary Estelle; Abby Caroline, wife of Sylvester Y. L'Homme- dieu; and Arien Gertrude, wife of Dr. Henrv A. Pulsford. NEWARK DAILY ADVERTISER. On Thursday, March i, 1832, the first number of the Newark Daily Advertiser was issued. It was published by George Bush & Company, "two doors east of the Market in Market street," at five dollars per annum, the editor being Amzi Armstrong, a young lawyer of ability. He was ably assisted by the late John P. Jackson. It was the first daily newspaper published in New Jersey, and to this day is familiarly known as the Daily. The Advertiser, when it started, was a rather bright quarto sheet, almost wholly given to the discussion of party politics. It was an ardent champion of the Whig party, and its first issue pro- claimed itself for Henry Clay and John Sargeant, the Whig candidates in 1832 for president and vice-president. Upon the completion of the first volume the con- ductors of the paper announced themselves satisfied that a daily paper could and would ESSEX COUNTY. 243 be maintained in Newark. They confessed that the enterprise was not prohtal:)le thus far. but expressed confidence that it would be in time. They trusted "that tlie im- pression which had been circulated to their injury, that it (the paper) was merely got up for temporary purposes during the late presidential election, will no longer operate to their disadvantage." In the first number of the second volume Mr. Armstrong withdrew. In his valedic- tory he said his connection with the paper was "originally intended to continue only for a few weeks." He gently upbraided "the liberal and scientific citizens of the town" for not assisting him by contributions to the columns of the paper, and hoped they would pursue a difYerent course to- ward his successor, J\Ir. William B. Kinney, who then became both editor and pro- prietor of the Daily; but the title of George S. Bush & Company was retained as pub- lishers, Bush being the manager of the mechanical department of the paper. In 1833 Mr. James B. Pinneo entered into partnership with Mr. Kinney and took charge of its business management. The style of the firm was J. B. Pinneo & Com- pany, yir. Kiimey manifesting always an aversion to ha\'ing his name spread out in connection with the proprietorship. Mr. Pinneo subsequently retired. Mr. M. S. Harrison succeeded Mr. Pinneo on the Ad- vertiser. Upon his death Mr. Kinney 1)e- came the sole proprietor, and under his control the paper rose steadily in value, power, excellence and influence. Under his contract the Advertiser stead- ily continued to prosper. Among those whose pens enriched the columns of the Advertiser during Kinney's editorship were the late Rev. James W. Alexander, who, under the nom de plume of "Charles Quill," wrote a series of very interesting papers on "American Mechanics and American W'orkingmen;" and Mr. Samuel K. Gard- ner, who wrote under the name "Decius." Joseph P. Bradley, late associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, may be said to have begun active life as the Trenton correspondent of the Advertiser. From the Advertiser office there have also graduated men \\ho have become quite distinguished as clergymen, jurists and rail- road managers. In 185 1, on June 19, after occupying the editorial tripod of the Advertiser during a period of eighteen years, William B.Kinney, entered the "season of well-earned rest," having been appointed United States min- ister to Sardinia, by President Zachary Taylor. The paper then was conducted most successfully by Thomas T. Kinney, son of William B., who has had the sagacity to secure eminent editorial assistance. After the death of the \\ hig party, the Adver- tiser espoused the Republican cause. For three decades it has been properly regard- ed as one of the most ardent advocates of the Republican party, as opposed to the Democracy. In local and state afYairs it has long spoken with the voice of one hav- ing authority, almost with the eft'ect of a law giver, — and it is not without influence in the consideration of national questions. Having a large circulation, the paper is one of the best advertising mediums in the city. In 1897 Charles William Fisk became the editor. He is a native of New York city, born there in 1853, a descendant from an old Jersey family. His maternal parents came to Hanover, Morris county. New Jersey, and are descendants of the Balls and Cooks who came from South- 244 ESSEX COUNTY. ampton, Long Island, about 1740. The maternal great-great-grandfather, Ellis Cook, married Isabel Davis, in Weston in 1775, while a delegate to the provincial congress. Mr. Beach C. Slocum became the busi- ness manager. He is the son of J. D. Slocum and Cleone Day Slocum. Cleone Day Slocum is the daughter of Elihu Day, a former prominent citizen of Newark, associated for a long lifetime with its mercantile interests, and for a number of years president of the "'New- ark Savings Institution," when that bank was one of the largest and most successfully managed savings banks in the country. Through his maternal grandmother B. C. Slocum traces direct descent from Jasper Crane, who was one of the four agents em- powered by the emigrants from Connecti- cut, who settled Newark in 1666, to pur- chase from the Indians the territory now included in the county of Essex, and to select a site for the town that has grown into the present city of Newark. THOMAS McGOWAN. No man in Esse.x county has been more prominently identified with her progressive advancement through the exercise of of- ficial prerogatives than Mr. McGowan, to whom is due much of the substantial de- velopriient whereon rests the prosperity and happiness of the community. He has ever manifested a public-spirited loyalty to all interests for the general good, and his practical ideas and untiring labors have left their impress on many of the most bene- ficial improvements of the county. Mr. McGowan is a native of the Emerald Isle, his birth having occurred August 25, 1834, and he is of Scotch-Irish lineage. His parents were James and Elizabeth (Reilly) McGowan. His father died in Ire- land, and when our subject was nine years of age his mother removed with her fam- ily to the United States, locating first in New York city. Later our subject spent two years in Philadelphia and then went to Camden county. New Jersey, where for five years he was employed as a farm hand. He attended school in Bloomfield to some ex- tent, but his educational privileges were very limited, ^^'ith a desire to make the most of his opportunities, however, he con- tinued his reading outside the school room, and through that and the practical experi- ences of life he has gained a broad general knowledge. From the early age of eleven years he has been dependent entirel}- upon his own resources for a livelihood, and the success that he has achieved is certainly well merited. In 1851, when seventeen years of age, he came to Bloomfield, and served an apprenticeship to the hatter's trade, after which he worked as a journeyman in Bloomfield, Newark and Philadelphia. He began business on his own account in 1866, under the firm name of Fairchild & Mc- Gowan, establishing a hat manufactory in Newark, where he carried on business for twenty-five years, conducting an extensive factory at the corner of Market and Con- gress streets and enjoying a large and prof- itable trade. Besides that he has been con- nected with other business enterprises, and is an energetic, capable business man, who, starting out in life a poor boy, has worked his w^ay steadily upward to a jjosition of affluence. For some time he was a special partner in the firm of Taylor Brothers & Company, of Montclair, dealers in lumber and coal, and operators of a planing mill. ESSEX couxrv 245 Mr. McGowan was united in marriage to Miss Elmira Taylor, a daughter of Samuel and Lydia (Osborne) Taylor, and a sister of Taylor Brothers, of the firm mentioned above. On both the paternal and the ma- ternal sides she is a representative of pio- neer families of Essex county. Mr. and ]\Irs. McGowan are highly respected people and have a large circle of friends, whom they frequently entertain at their pleasant home at No. 278 Montgomer)- avenue, Bloomfield. Socially Mr. McGowan is a member of Bloomfield Lodge, No. 40, F. & A. M., in which he was raised to the sub- lime degree of Master Mason in 1866. From his boyhood he has been a stanch supporter of Republican principles, casting his first vote for John C. Fremont, in 1856, when twenty-two years of age. He has been honored l)y his party with various positions of public trust and is a statesman with an eye to practical results and not to glittering generalities. In 1880 he was elected a member of the board of chosen freeholders of Essex county, representing Bloomfield township, and continued in of- fice until 1889, when an act of the legisla- ture retired the board from office. At one period he represented Bloomfield, Belleville. Franklin, East Orange, Montclair, Verona, Caldwell, Livingston and Millburn town- ships, at a time when the freeholders w^ere elected bv the assembly district, those town- ships comprising the eleventh district. In 1888 he was elected from the first district of Essex county to a seat in the state legis- lature, and during his two terms took an active part in all important measures, ably representing his district. He has manv times been chosen as a delegate to the citv, county and district conventions of the Re- publican party and since casting his first vote has been an important factor in the politics of county and state. He has many times been a member of the Republican county central committee, and has been a member of the executive committee of that organization. From 1880 until 1889 he was continu- ously a member of the board of chosen free- holders, and in 1892 was re-elected. Since December, 1894, he has been a director of the board, and under his leadership more practical improvements have been made than ever before in the history of the board. These include improvements in roads, county buildings, the erection of a new jail, the handsome ncAV hospital for the insane at Overbrook, the erection of the new peni- tentiary, the new bridge at Jackson street over the Passaic river connecting Essex and Hudson counties, etc. Throughout his connection with the board Mr. Mc- Gowan has taken an active and humane interest in the welfare of the poor and in- sane, has always been a member of the hos- pital committees, and at one time was its chairman. In every way possible he has aided in the substantial improvement and advancement of the county, and for his labors in this direction the county owes to him a debt of gratitude. Strong and positive in his Republican- ism, his party fealty is not grounded on party prejudice, and he enjoys the respect and confidence of all his associates regard- less of party affiliations. W^ell grounded in the political maxims of the schools, he also studied the lessons of actual life, arriving at his conclusions as a result of what may be called his "post-graduate studies in the school of affairs." Such men, whether in office or out, are the natural leaders of whatever party they may be identified with. 246 ESSEX COUNTY. especially in that movement toward higher politics which is common to both parties, and which constitutes the most hopeful political sign of the period. THE ELY FAMILY. Captain William Ely, who was born in 1 71 5 and settled in Livingston, New Jersey, in 1750, was the great-grandson of Richard Ely, who came from Plymouth, England, in 1660 and married the sister of Colonel George Fenwick, husband of the famous Lady Alice Fenwick. In 1802, at the ripe age of eighty-eight years. Captain Ely departed this life and is buried in the Ely cemetery, a family burying-ground set apart for purposes of sepulture by the worthy Captain upon his own land. Be- side him in the quiet hillside cemetery rests his wife, who died in 1782, at the age of sixty-eight years. Captain Ely was blessed with a large family, having had ten chil- dren, several of whom lived to a good age and distinguished themselves in \'arious walks of life, but interest centers more about Moses, the youngest of them all, for his name and memory are more particu- larly associated with Livingston, and with Essex county, where he made his home during the greater portion of a long and useful life. Moses Ely was born November 18, 1756, and passed his earlier years upon the family estate at Livingston, New Jersey. When the Revolutionary war broke out, Moses was not wanting in the patriotic spirit of his ancestors. He joined the army, rendered good service and was in after years granted a pension on account of his services in the army of the Revolution. January 3, 1782, he married Miss Rebecca Cook, who was a daughter of Epaphras Cook, and his wife, Rebecca Smith, sister of Dr. Peter Smith, of Chatham, New Jersey. The Cooks resided near Livingston and were an influential family in the community. After his marriage Moses Ely resided for a time in New York city, on the north side of Duane street, not far east of College Place, on property purchased by him and which extended through to Reade street, and was engaged in the trucking and for- warding business, which he carried on with considerable success. About the opening of the present cen- tury, when an epidemic broke out in New- York, Mr. Ely sold his property and re- moved with his family to the farm at Livingston, New Jersey, which at that time came into his possession through his father's death. He died July 14, 1838, and his wife followed him in 1852. Both are buried in the cemetery of the Ely family at Livingston. They had nine children, all of whom have now passed away, and se\-eral are interred in the famil}- burial ground, near their par- ents' last resting place. Old residents of Essex county will doubt- less remember Epaphras Cook Ely, son of Moses and Rebecca Cook, who was born April 15, 1795, for he, perhaps more than any other of the children of that family, was identified with the family place at Livings- ton, which he inherited, and continued to hold until his decease in 1864, when it came into the possession of his children, who still retain and occupy it. When yet a lad Epaphras went with his brother Moses to engage in the business of tanning near Newburg, New York. Not long afterw-ard the war of 181 2 began and Moses Ely was called upon to serve in the militia for the i:ssi:\ corxTY. 247 national defense. As ]\Ioses Ely coukl ill afford to leave his family and his Inisiness, Epaphras volunteered to enter the army in his brother's stead, and became a member of Captain Ben. Morton's company of New York Detailed Infantr}% Lieutenant Colonel Michael Smith commanding. The regi- ment was for a time stationed on Staten island to repel an expected attack of the British army. After the declaration of peace, Mr. Ely was for a time employed in the tanning business at Esopus, New York, in partnership with his brother Moses. In 1822 he married Julia Ann Kitchell, of Hanover, New Jersey, daughter of Am- brose Kitchell and Eliza Mulford. The Kitchells are an old New Jersey family and are among the most estimable and promi- nent families of the state. In 1835 Mr. Ely engaged in the hide and leather business in New York and removed thither with his family. The business was successful from its inception, and Mr. Ely was for years one of the most respected and most widely known of the merchants in the "Swamp." Mr. and Mrs. Ely both died in 1864, and are interred in the Ely cemetery at Livingston. Their family consists of Ambrose Kitchell, Smith, William Henry, Edwin Augustus and Maria Louise. The eldest brother, Ambrose, is unmar- ried, and has for many years been known as one of our most prominent New York merchants. He first engaged in mercan- tile pursuits as an assistant to his father in the hide and leather business in the "Swamp" (New York city); afterward he accepted a position with Messrs. Lapham, Corse & Company, in the same trade, and a few years later became a member of the well known firm of Thorne, Watson & Company. In 1857, however, ]\Ir. Ely re- tired from the firm and has since l)een in business on his own account. ]\Ir. Ely's home in New York city is at No. 47 West Fifty-seventh street, where he resides with his brothers and sister-in-law. Mr. Smith Ely, also unmarried, was edu- cated for the bar of the state of New York, but preferred mercantile pursuits, and has a reputation scarcely second to his brother Ambrose in the hide and leather trade, of which he has been for years a member. Mr. Ely has always had a taste for politics and has held important political positions. He was elected school trustee in 1856, state senator in 1857, member of the board of supervisors of the city and county of New York in i860, retaining the position until the board was abolished in 1870, commis- sioner of public instruction in 1873 and 1874, member of the forty-second and forty-fourth congresses, from the sixth dis- trict of New York, and in 1876 mayor of the city of New York, by a majority of fifty- eight thousand over General Dix, the Re- publican candidate. In 1895 ex-]\Iayor Ely was appointed commissioner of the de- partment of public parks and places in and for the city of New York. Mr. Ely is a member of the Manhattan, Union and Century clubs, and is associated with the best social, literary and benevolent lines of activity in the city and throughout the country. William Henry Ely married Maria Josephine Rogers, daughter of Mr. Abel H. Rogers and Caroline Gaines. Their children are: Julia, who married Captain Charles A. Smylie; and Alice, who married Dr. P. Elewellen Chambers. Maria Louise Ely married George B. Vanderpoel, son of Jacob Vanderpoel and Catharine Ann Waldron, of 607 Fifth 248- E8SEX COUNTY. a\enue, New York, and their children are Julia Louise, Catharine Ann and Ambrose Ely. The children of Julia Ely and Captain Charles Albert Smylie are Ely Elmore, who died in infancy, Margery and Charles Al- bert. Captain Smylie has achieved prom- inence in connection with his years of act- ive service in the National Guard of the state of New York, and as author of that excellent and well known manual of mili- tary science, "Points in Minor Tactics." Alice Ely and Dr. P. Flewellyn Cham- bers have one child, William Ely. Dr. Chambers is at present and has been for some }'ears one of the foremost physicians of the city of Ncav York, having become especially prominent in surgery and in the skillful diagnosis and treatment of women's . diseases. He is also widely known socially, and is no less esteemed for his social than for his mental gifts. JEPTHA H. BALDWIN. On the 9th day of March, 1849, in the home of his parents, Isaac Preston and Abby Dean Baldwin, in Scotland street. Orange, this gentleman first opened his eyes to the light of day. He was not a ro- bust child and it was thought by some that he had but a meager chance of attaining manhood. His early life was passed in the usual manner of the ordinary boy of the period, and when he was old enough he was sent to the public school in Day street. where in a few years he had mastered the elementary branches of an English educa- tion. In 1861, when the clamor of war filled the land, his ambition to do some- thing to add to the family income led him to seek emijloynient entirely without his parents' knowledge. He succeeded in this, his first independent step in life. Through the kind assistance of a playmate some years his senior he obtained, in 1862, a situ- ation in the office of the Orange Journal, then owned and edited by Edward Gardner. There he laid the foundation for the thor- ough knowledge of the printing business that proved of inestimable value to him in later years. On the 5th of May, 1864, ^Mr. Baldwin, then fifteen years of age, entered the office of the Newark Evening Journal in the me- chanical department. Edward N. Fuller, editor, and Henry Farmer, local editor, constituted the entire literary staff of the pap_er. Mr. Baldwin thought he recog- nized his opportunity in this fact. He ac- cordingly bestirred himself and gathered such items of news as his judgment told him would be of value. These he prepared in the best language at his conmiand and handed them to Mr. Fuller, who, ever ready to extend aid to ambitious youth, passed them over to the city editor and ad- vised Stephen Thorne, the business man- ager, to pay for the same. This opened the way for further work along that line, and he was soon recognized as a member of the reportorial staff". In 1870, at the request of his brother whom he materially assisted the year be- fore in establishing the Orange Chronicle, Mr. Baldwin assumed charge of his print- ing-office, at the same time maintaining a connection with the Newark Journal, to which he sent daily some "copy." Subse- quently he became connected with the Ad- vertiser in a like capacity. In 1873 his connection with the Orange Chronicle was dissolved, and in November of that year, in partnership with Joseph Howard, Mr. ESSEX COUNTY. '-49 Baldwin cstaljlislied a \\eekl_\- paper in East Orange, the title of which was the East Orange Expositor. After six months this paper was discontinued, on account of Mv. Baldwin's poor health, and in the same year, 1874, he found it necessary to go south for the benefit of his health, spending the following winter in the city of Savan- nah. While there he was continually em- ployed on the force of the Savannah News, of which John Estell was proprietor. Re- turning to the north in 1875 Mr. Baldwin engaged in newspaper \\ork until 1880, in connection with the Journal and Advertiser of Newark and the Orange Journal. In that year, associated with his father, Isaac P. Baldwin, he began the pulilication of the Orange Directory, and from the beginning was the manager of the enterprise, of which he became sole proprietor in 1890. The death of A. M. Holbrook, in 1891, who had for many years managed the Newark City Directory, left the Holbrook Newark Di- rectory Company without an experienced man at its head, and the principal stock- holder, A. Q. Keasby, invited Mr. Baldwin to become manager, which position he ac- cepted. He at once introduced new fea- tures and otherwise improved the direct- ory, and recently under his management the Holbrook Company has extended its field of operations, taking in Elizabeth, Harrison, Kearny, Rahwav, Summit, Plainfield, Westfield, Cranford and Roselle, and expects soon to control the directory field of the entire northern portion of the state. In 1872 Mr. Baldwin married Elma Vale Reimer, daughter of the late Captain Fred- eric Reimer, of East Orange, where they resided for many years. Of this union four children have been born, as follows: Mer- rick Reimer, born [March 9, 1874; Cyrus Preston, July 28, 1875; Marion Elma, April 4, 1877; and Ralph Brinton, July 22, 1878. Mrs. Baldwin died October 21, 1884. and in 1886 Mr. Baldwin wedded Hannah Reeves Edwards, daughter of the late To- bias Edwards, of Livingston. JOSEPH W. }>IAXDEVILLE was born on the 28th of January, 1854, in the old ninth ward of the city of New York, being the eldest of four sons and one daugh- ter of Washington and Anna Jane Mande- ville. He lived in New York until about seven years of age, when his family re- moved to the state of New Jersey, from which state his father originally came. His education was limited to the scope of the country schools of that time. At an early age his father, who was a stair-builder by trade, took him as an ap- prentice and he became a skilled mechanic, but his desires did not seem to satisfy him in that line, although he continued at his trade until 1873, when he became con- nected with life insurance and made a marked success in that line, holding several very important positions until the year 1885, when he associated himself with the National Newark Bank, the oldest bank in the state of New Jersey, where he has ever since held an important position. ]Mr. Mandeville has for years been a member of the Park Presbyterian church. Yellis Mandeville, who came from Hol- land to New Amsterdam (now New York city) among its very earliest settlers, was the ancestor of all the Mandevilles in Amer- ica, and was possessed of large domains of the part of New York city which com- prised a part of the ninth ward of that city. 2nO ESSI-JX corxTY. Adrian Alanclexille, one of the lineal de- scendants of Yellis Mandeville. and the great-grandfather of Joseph W. Mande- ville, was a large land-owner on the Pomp- ton Plains, ^lorris county. New Jersey, and m the old cemetery of the Dutch Reformed church of that place are buried a large num- ber of the descendants of the Mandeville family. On the 28th of April, 1880, Mr. Mande- ville was married to Sarah E. Speer, a de- scendant of one of the old families of Speers of Essex county, New Jersey. WILLIAM A. RIGHTER. It is but rarely that we meet an indi- vidual who has not only inherited a good mental and physical organization but has also a capacity and a disposition to main- tain the high standard for which nature seems to have designed him. The subject of whom we now propose to write, in his many illustrious characteristics, reminds us of the high ideal to which it appears nature is ever tending. Mr. Righter was a repre- sentative example of the noblest class of high-minded citizens, for many years oc- cupying a position of prominence at the bar of Essex county and indeed enacting" a con- spicuous part in the history of his portion of the state of New Jersey. Faultless in honor, fearless in conduct and faithful to his trusts through a long residence in New- ark, he was regarded as one of the most distinguished and esteemed citizens. The prominent facts of his life which constitute interesting topics in a biographical review, are so numerous, as well as important, that even had we ten times the space here al- lotted we could give but a mere outline of them. In this connection we may briefly touch upon his parentage, by way of chronolog- ical introduction. His father, John Righter, was of sturdy German origin, characterized by a thorough scientific spirit. He was a native of New Jersey, representing a family long connected with the state, and during his life's career honoring the vocations of farming and agriculture. January 9, 1806, he married Aliss Lockey Stiles, whose an- cestry was traceable to the equally de- veloped English people. Mr. Righter, to whom these paragraphs are devoted, was a native of Parsippany, New Jersey, born in 1821, and after acquir- ing his preliminary education in the schools near his home he pursued a collegiate course in L^nion College, at Schenectady, New York, at which institution he was graduated in 1842, during the presidency of that distinguished educator. Dr. Eliphalet Nott. Determining to enter the legal pro- fession, he soon became a law student in the ofBce of Chief Justice Joseph C. Horn- blower, where he became thoroughly versed in the elementary principles of the law, and he was duly admitted to the bar, in 1848; and from that time until his death he was prominently connected with the Newark bar, throughout his professional life wear- ing the distinguishing honors of a broad- minded and liberal man and a conscientiotts practitioner of the law. He was connected with much of the important litigation in the courts of Newark, attaining marked prestige for his deep research and painstak- ing care. His logical grasp of facts and of the principles applicable to them enabled him to guide his cases without perturbation. His diction was characterized bv a remark- able clearness of expression and impressive tone. ESSEX COUNTY. ^51 In his political views Mr. Righter always coincided with the Democratic party. In 1876 he was the nominee of his party in the sixth congressional district for the of- fice of representative in congress, but in the election was defeated by the Republican candidate. In 1877 his name was promi- nently mentioned in connection with the nomination for governor of the state. He always took a deep interest in municipal af- fairs. He served as a member of the Ijoard of health and also of the board of educa- tion, doing efifective service in the interest of the schools and of the general physical welfare of the people. He was also one of those who made strenuous efforts to secure the establishment of a creditable park in Newark in 1868, and continued his labors in that connection until his death. In the winter of 1888 he served as one of the ad- visory committee to procin-e an adetpiate supply of good water for the city, and the efiforts of the committee were crowned with success. In 1869 Mr. Righter became a member of the Historical Society of New Jersey, with wdiich he was connected dur- ing the remainder of his life. Also he was one of the vice presidents of the American Bible Society of New York, and for many years was a trustee of the First Presbyterian church of Newark. In 1 85 1 he was united in marriage with Miss Emma Louise Shugard, a daughter of \\'illiam Shugard, of Newark, and they had eight children, named as follows: William S., Florence C, Mary, Addison A., Ed- ward, Emma A., Clara and Howard C. Mr. Righter passed away on the i8th of October, 1896, and the funeral services were conducted l)y Dr. Frazer. pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Newark, of which Mr. Righter had long been a mem- ber: and this is perhaps the most appro- priate place to say a few words concerning' the moral character of the deceased. Dr. Frazer, who had been one of his close friends, told at the funeral how well he re- membered, at his coming to Newark four-, teen years previously, that Mr. Righter had been one of the first to greet him and re- ceive him w'ith the warmest cordiality and most open-hearted welcome: that in the years since then he had given him his fullest confidence and had stood by him loyally in every emergency, and that he had always felt, come what might, he could always count on Mr. Righter's fullest sympathy and support. "Few people," continued Mr. Frazer, "could depart and leave behind a more enviable reputation. For fifty years he had lived in Newark, and his life had been an open one, — seen of all men. In his profession, in his social life, among men of business, he was universally liked and re- spected, for he stood, as few men have, for what was right and honorable; but to those who knew him best in his home life it was that his goodness and character were seen in their perfection. There was never a better or purer man in the home relation- ships. He was all that a son, a husband, a brother and a father should be, and he counted no personal sacrifice too great that would enhance the welfare or promote the hapi)iness of his family. He had a dee]) re- ligious faith and an unbounded trust in the mercy of the Savior." Through a successful Ijusiness career Mr. Righter had accumulated a handsome for- tune; however, he not only left to his family a substantial patrimony but alsobequeathed to them that priceless heritage, a good name, which Solomon said was rather to be chosen than great riches. His memory 252 ESSEX COUNTY. is enshrined in the liearts of all who knew him, and the intluence of his hfe is yet a potent factor for good among his many friends. WILLIAM H. DE VAUSNEY. The De\'ausne}' familx- is of French origin and was founded in America by the great-grandfather of our subject, who was born in France and came to America about the time of the Revolutionary war. His mother left a large estate in France, but he never recrossed the water to claim his share of the inheritance. His son, Henry De- Vausney,the grandfather of our subject, was a native of Franklin township, Essex coun- ty, and after arriving at years of maturity married Miss Rachel Mills. He was a tanner by trade and also learned shoe- making, following that dual occupation throughout the greater part of his active business career. Both he and his wife died in middle life. They were the parents of seven children: William, Celia, Mary, Marguerite, John, Richard and Eliza. The father of our subject, John DeVausney, is a native of Essex county, and now resides in Nutley. Throughout his entire life he has followed the carpenter's trade. In 1834 he married Eliza Brown, a daughter of Samuel and Julia (Speer) Brown. Their children are Margaret; Julia E., who married John Rawcliffe; John Henry; Sarah, wife of Robert Rushmore; William H.; Elizabeth, wife of John Reynolds; and Samuel. Born in Esse.x county, William DeVaus- ney has spent his entire life within its bor- ders. In his youth he learned the carpen- ter's trade and has since been connected with the building interests of Franklin townsliip. He is recognized as one of the foremost contractors in his part of the county and now carries on an extensive business in partnership with Charles Carter, of Newark, who secures the contracts while Mr. DeVausney acts as superintendent of the workmen, and many fine Ijuildings in Bloomfield, Newark and other places have been erected under his immediate super- vision and stand as monuments to his handiwork and enterprise. Thoroughly familiar with the business in every detail, he is therefore competent to direct the labors of his employes to the best advantage and to secure durable and pleasing results. Mr. De\'ausney was united in marriage to Miss Rachel, daughter of Henry and Ann (Vreeland) Cueman, and their children are Clarence, Edith, Clififord and Millie. In politics Mr. DeVausney is a Republican, and in 1 89 1 served as a member of the town committee. His name is a synon}-m for honorable business dealing, and his up- right life and fidelity to every trust reposed in him have won the confidence and good will of all with whom he has lieen brought in contact. FRANCIS LE BARON MAYHEW. Ceaselessly to and fro flies the deft shuttle which weaves the web of human destiny, and into the vast mosaic fabric enter the individuality, the effort, the accomplish- ment of each man, be his station that most lowly, or one of majesty, pomp and power. Within the textile folds may be traced the line of each individuality, and while all are merged into the great aggregate, yet the essence of each is never lost, be the angle of influence wide spreading and grateful, or narrow and baneful. He who essays bi- ography finds much of profit and satisfac- ESSEX COUNTY. 253 tion in following out the tracings of a life history, determining the keynote of each re- spective personality and conning the les- sons of life, "line upon line and precept upon precept." The subject of this review is one who has wrought to goodly ends and has attained that well-earned success which entitles him to withdraw largely from the activities of business life and to enjoy the fruits of his labors in his beautiful home in South Orange, where he is known and honored as a representative citizen. Mr. Mayhew is a native of the old Bay state, having been born in Mattapoisett, Massachusetts, in the year 1821, the son of Matthew and Sara Allen (LeBaron) May- hew. His ancestors in the paternal line were among the early settlers in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. Among them were Governor Thomas Mayhew and Rev. Thomas Mayhew, the famous Indian preachers; Rev. Jonathan Mayhew, of old West Street church, of Boston, whose name is historic for his aid to the New Eng- land colonies in their struggle for independ- ence, W'hither the original ancestor emi- grated from England. As the name implies, the LeBarons were of French origin, the familyhaving been established at Plymouth, Massachusetts in the early colonial epoch. Matthew Mayhew was a seafaring man. having been captain of a whaling vessel and having followed the implied line of industry for a term of many years. He was a man of stanchest integrity of purpose and was honored and esteemed by all with whom he came in contact. The subject of this re- view, Francis LeBaron Mayhew, received such educational advantages as were af- forded in the common schools of his native town, and by duly profiting by the oppor- tunities thus offered, he acquired a good practical education. In 1840 he left the schoolroom to assume the practical duties of life, proceeding to New York city, where he secured employment as bookkeeper and clerk in a wholesale grocery establishment. He retained this incumbency for a full dec- ade, within which time he became thor- oughly informed as to the details of the business and as to the most effective meth- ods of handling the financial portion of the enterprise, ha\ing shown a pronounced apt- itude and discernment for the conduct of af- fairs of scope and importance. As bookkeeper he had an opportunity to familiarize himself with the financial meth- ods employed in various sections of the Union, the banking systems of that day having been somewhat primitive and loose- ly regulated. Mr. Mayhew's ambition and self-reliance eventually led him into wider fields of endeavor, and through his timely and well-directed eft'orts he gained a posi- tion among the representative business men of the national metropolis. He had natural- ly been from childhood somewhat familiar with the whaling industry, with which his father was so closely identified, and this cir- cumstance, as taken in coimection with his extended . acquaintanceship in New Bed- ford, the headquarters of the whale-oil in- dustry at that time, led him to become con- cerned in this important line of enterprise, and he engaged in the oil business, with headquarters in New York city, continuing operations with ncjtaljlc success for a period of thirty-six years. He brought to bear a thorough business acumen, was duly con- servative and yet progressive in his meth- ods, so that success attended his efforts from the start and was cumulative in char- acter. Mr. Mayhew retired from active business in 1888, ha\-ing acquired a suffi- 254 JJSSIJX corxTY cient competency to enable him to enjoy the fruits of past years of labor and consec- utive application. During the first ten years of his lousiness career in New York city Mr. INIayhew re- tained his residence in Brooklyn, l)ut in \iew of the impaired health of his wife, and look- ing to the securing of a place of abode where conditions would be more conducive to her recovery, he removed to South Orange in 1854, residing for a time on Ridgewood road, after which he effected the purchase of a most desirable tract of land at the foot of the South Orange moun- tains, and located on what is now South Orange avenue. Here he has erected a beautiful residence, which is one of the ideal homes of this most attractive suburlian dis- trict. Since taking uj) his residence in South Orange Mr. Mayhew has maintained a con- stant and lively interest in all that has touched the prosperity and substantial up- building of the village, and has been among the foremost in aih'ancing local interests through all normal and legitimate channels. He was largely instrumental in securing the incorporation of the village of South Orange, by which means the locality has gained valuable facilities and privileges not otherwise possible, and he has been most liberal, l)oth in giving time and money to furthering the improvement and beautif}'- ing of the locality where he has maintained his home for so many years. Mr. Mayhew served as president of South Orange during the fiscal year of 1875. and his administra- tion of municipal affairs was such as to gain to him the endorsement and appro\al of the local public. He, however, prefers to hold aloof from public office, and to exert his influence in a quiet way. He is one of the founders of the South Orange free library. In political matters Mr. Mayhew exer- cises his franchise in the support of the principles and policies of the Re- publican party, while in religion he clings to the faith of his fathers, and is a member of the Congregational church. His maternal grandfather. Rev. Lemuel Le Baron, was for sixty years pastor of the Congregational church at Mattapoisett, Massachusetts. He was a direct descend- ant of Governor Bradford, of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and Dr. Francis LeBaron, whose name Mr. Mayhew bears. ]\Ir. and Mrs. Mayhew have been particularly active in the Sunday school of their church, as well as in other good works, being liljeral in the support of all collateral charities and benevolences. Our subject is not dogmatic in his religious views, liut has the deepest reverence for spiritual realities and for good accomplished through any worthy medium. In 1849 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Mayhew to Miss Calista S. Wass, daughter of David Wass and Feadassah Wass, of Addison, Maine WILLIAM H. BAXTA, a son of John and Rachel Ann (Frederick) Banta. the subject of this sketch, was born in Passaic county, Xew Jersey, in 1847. His parents were natives of Bergen county, the former born December 4, 1819. the lat- ter July 15. 1824. Their marriage was cel- ebrated June 13. 1844. and they became the parents of the following chiklren: Wil- liam H.: Jane Ann. who married George Stager; Sarah Matilda and Catherine Maria, lioth of whom died in childhood. The father was a carriage-maker by trade and followed that occupation for many years in ESSEX COUNTY. -00 Newark. The last years of his Hfe were spent in FrankHn township, where his death occurred October 31, 1852. The grand- father, Wilham Banta. resided in Hacken- sack, and in connection with farming en- gaged in weaving. WilHam H. Banta was reared and edu- cated in P'rankhn township and early in life learned the carpenter's trade, which he fol- lowed for a few years. He then engaged in the ijutchering business in Xutley, but for some years past has been connected with the ice trade. He has built up an extensive business in this line and has large ice-houses in order to meet the demands of his patrons. He is a wide-awake, energetic man, whose resolute purpose and untiring labor ha\'e brought to him a comfortable competence. On the 2 1 St of December, 1871. J\Ir. Banta was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary C. Preston, and thev now have six chiklren: Henry Frederick, Amelia, Jane .\nn, Lottie May, Rachel Elizabeth and Fannie B. The parents are widely known in this locality and their many excellent characteristics have won them high regard. THE HARRISOX FAMILY. Da\id Harrison came from Orange in 1740, and located one-half mile west from Caldwell village, on a large tract of land. He was untiring in his jjurpose. and be- fore the beginning of the Revolutionary war he had a large area of arable land and an apple orchard in bearing. He enter- tained patriot soldiers on several occasions when they were foraging, and kept their live-stock in a secluded held, which, from this circumstance, obtained the name of "Hog Pasture." He died from sunstroke, at the aee of eighty-three years, while rak- ing rye in his field. He had a large family. all of whom were girls except two, — David, who removed to North Caldwell, and Jabez, who built a frame house on the New- ark road, and who inherited from the estate a farm of fifty acres. Jabez had two sons, one of whom, David, died at Detroit in 1812. He had been connected with Gen- eral Harrison's army of the west, and had shared its fights and hardships. Caleb D. Harrison remained for a time with his father; then, in 1821. he entered into part- nership with Nathaniel Douglass in the to- bacco business. In 1830 he became super- intendent of the Rosendale Cement Works, near Kingston, New York. He returned to Franklin in 1833, and bought from the sev- eral heirs the greater portion of his grand- father's estate. He purchased the store property from Thomas Cochran in 1836, and replaced the Philemon Bates dwe'.ling- house by the erection of one more modern. Mr. Harrison was a magistrate for sev- eral years, town clerk for four terms and as- sessor for six years. He transacted legal business for his neighbors, who gladly availed themselves of his counsel. The homestead is now held by Caleb M. Harrison, who, after eleven years' absence from the village, returned, upon the death of his father, in 1868. During this period he had occupied the principalship of the public schools of Plainfield and New Bruns- wick, the state superintendency of public schools during 1863 and 1864, and the prin- cipalship of the Newark Academy from 1864 to 1869, inclusive. It was during his superintendency that the initial steps were taken in the reform of the i)ublic-school system of the state. Afterward he devoted himself to agriculture, being the first in his section to compound mineral fertilizers in kind and quantity in adaptation to special 256 ESSEX COUNTY. crops. In 1880 he was appointed to the superintendency of the Ne-\vark City Home, a reformatory institution, and he holds that position at the present time. The farm is rented by his nephew, Caleb A. Harrison, who is engaged in the milk business and who utilizes the land solely in the interests of his trade. CALEB M. HARRISON can claim an ancestral connection with the history of Essex county covering a period of more than a century and a half. It was in the year 1740 that David Harrison re- moved from Orange, New Jersey, and lo- cated one half mile west of the village of Caldwell, where he secured a large tract of land. \\'ith unfaltering purpose and tire- less energy he began the development of that property and at the beginning of the Revolution had a considerable amount of the land under cultivation and an apple orchard in l^earing. He was strongly in sympathy with the cause of the colonists, and on several occasions entertained pa- triot soldiers, who were foraging in that vicinity and kept their live stock in a se- cluded field, which, from this circumstance, to this day has been an object of interest to the family, ^^'hile raking in the rye field, at the age of eighty-three years, David Harrison suffered a sunstroke which ter- minated his life. He had a large family, all girls with the exception of two, — David, who removed to North Caldwell ; and Jabez, who Iniilt a frame house on the Newark road and who inherited from the estate a farm of fifty acres. David Harrison, who had been connected with General Harri- son's army of the west and had shared in its battles and its hardships, died in Detroit in 1812. The other son was Caleb D. Har- rison, who remained for a time with his father, and then, in 182 1, entered into part- nership with Nathaniel Douglass in the tobacco business. In 1830 he became su- perintendent of the Rosendale Cement Works, near Kingston, New York, but in 1833 returned to Franklin and secured from the several heirs the greater portion of his grandfather's estate. In 1836 he pur- chased the store owned by Thomas Coch- ran and replaced the dwelling, formerly owned by Philemon Bates, by the erection of a more modern residence. He held a number of official positions, was a magis- trate for several years, was town clerk for four terms and assessor for six years. He transacted legal business for his neighbors, who gladly availed themselves of his coun- sel, for he was a man of sound judgment, thoroughly reliable and honorable. His death occurred in 1868. Caleb M. Harrison, whose name intro- duces this article, a son of Caleb D. and Phoebe (Steele) Harrison, was born January 23, 1838. His maternal grandfather, Josiah Steele, was one of the heroes of the Revolu- tion. The early life of our subject was passed in West Caldwell, where he attended the pul)lic schools. He also pursued his studies in a school conducted in Montclair by David Frame, and was later graduated at the New Jersey State Normal. Subse- quently he received the degree of A. M. from Rutgers College, in recognition of his work as an educator, on the same occasion upon which General Hugh Judson Kil- patrick received the same honorary distinc- tion. Since 1858 he has devoted his atten- tion largely to educational work, and has won a reputation in this line that ranks him among the most able instructors in the state. In his earlv manhood he was a %^ 4 CALEB M. HARRISON ESSEX COUNTY. 257 teacher in the schools of Paterson, New Jersey, and during that time largely ad- vanced the standard of scholarship among his pupils. In 1859, he was chosen prin- cipal of the schools in Plainfield, and in i860 he resigned to accept the position of principal of the New Brunswick school, in which capacity he served with marked abil- ity, until honored by the appointment of state superintendent of schools. While fill- ing that office he drafted and secured the passage of a law establishing a state board of education and gained from the educa- tional committees the approval of changes outlined in his report for 1863, for the sys- temization of the public schools of the state of New Jersey. From 1864 to 1869 inclu- sive he was principal of the Newark Acad- emy, with marked success and acceptance, and afterward, for a few years, gave private instruction in New York. For some time he was interested in agricultural pursuits, being the first in his section to compound mineral fertilizers in kind and quantity in adaptation to special crops. About 1873 he invested his means in a successful linen trade, which he carried on until 1880. Dur- ing this time, however, lie was not wholly disassociated with the educational interests of Essex county, for from 1870 until 1872 he had something to do with the erection of the Caldwell high school, framed the char- ter for the same, and was the first president of the board. In 1880 Mr. Harrison was appointed to the superintendency of the Newark City Home, a reformatory institution located at Verona, and has given the last eighteen years of his life to its successful manage- ment. He has made this school a very efifi- cient institution in the city life, and his ef- forts in this direction are appreciated by all. ii— 17 He is deeply interested in all movements tending to the betterment of mankind and lends his hearty co-operation to every en- terprise whose object is the advancement of the public good. Mr. Harrison still re- tains the ownership of the old family home- stead, which is now rented to his nephew, Caleb A. Harrison, who is engaged in the milk business and who utilizes the land solely in the interests of that industry. In his political preferences Mr. Harrison is a Democrat, and in religious belief he and his family are Presbyterians. He is one of the best known educators in New Jersey, and his life has been a very useful one. thus devoted to the advancement of his fellow- men. His influence, which is far-reaching in its scope, is ever exerted for good, and upon the characters as well as the minds of his pupils has he left a deep impress. Mr. Harrison of this review was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth H. Fallons- bee, who was one of the leading teachers of Plainfield, and they now have five children : Wilford F., Charles W., John W., Raymond F. and Albert D. JOSEPH ENGLISH, a representative of the marble trade in Orange, is a native of Ireland, where he was born in Dundale, county Louth, and is a son of James and Mary (Rarin) English, who were also born in county Louth, Ire- land, both of them being now deceased. They became the parents of eight children, two of the latter dying in childhood, the surviving six being: John. a resident of East Orange; Mary, the wife of William Karr, living in East Boston; Margaret, who is married and is now living in Boston; Thomas, who makes his home in Newark; Joseph and Annie. 258 ESSEX COUNTY. Joseph English received his education in the pubHc schools of his native land, but, his parents dying while he was yet young, he was thrown on his own responsibility and obliged to secure employment in order to obtain the necessities of life. In 1883, learning of the greater advantages offered to young men in America, he emigrated to this country and located in Boston, where he learned the trade of marble worker, and in November, 1894, he came to Orange and established his present business, in which he has met with signal success. In his social afifiliations Mr. English is a member of St. Patrick's Alliance, of Orange, and in his religious adherency he is a regular attendant of St. John's Roman Catholic church. JOHN H. LONG. Essex county is the center of hat manu- facturing in America, and its many exten- sive interests in this line form one of its greatest sources of material welfare. With this industry Mr. Long is connected, being proprietor of a hat manufactory in Orange, where he is accounted one of the leading representatives of her industrial interests. His enviable reputation for honorable busi- ness dealing has secured to him a liberal patronage, and his success is certainly well merited. A native of New York city, he was born July 2, 1855, and is a son of John R. and Catherine A. (Taylor) Long. The early an- cestors of the Long family were natives of the north of Ireland, and at the time of the religious trouble between the Protestants and the Catholics, representatives of the name founded the family in America. The great-grandfather of our suliject was the first to cross the Atlantic, and with his fam- ily he located in Philadelphia, where he spent his remaining days. His son, the grandfather, was born during the voyage to America, and was named Samuel Neptune Long. When a child of two years John H. Long was brought by his parents to Orange, where he acquired his primary education, which was supplemented by a two-years course of study in an academy at Schoharie, New York. He then entered Bryant & Stratton's Business College, finishing his education by a commercial course of study. He afterward spent four years as a civil en- gineer, and in 1876 he became associated with his father in the manufacture of hats, under the firm name of John R. Long & Son. Since that time he has been contin- uously engaged in his present enterprise, and his well directed efforts have brought him a gratifying prosperity. Mr. Long was married June 14, 1882, to Miss Ida Virginia Hatfield, who was born in Newark, and is a daughter of Henry and Jane Hatfield. They now have two daugh- ters — Florence and Margery. In his political predilections Mr. Long is a Republican, and with his family he at- tends the Episcopal church. Their house- hold is one of the hospitable homes of Orange, and their large circle of warm friends is an index to the upright lives and admirable characters of the members of that home. JOHN BENNETT. The leaders of the world in any line of business are few, the followers many. It requires great sagacity, splendid business and executive ability, unflagging energy and unabating zeal in the pursuit of one's ESSEX COUNTY. 259 purpose to gain leadership, and the man who does so is certainly deserving of great credit. In one of the lines of artistic work — china decoration — Air. Bennett attained marked prestige and for many years was prominently connectedwith that enterprise, but is now living retired. A native of Burslem, England, Mr. Ben- nett was born in 1843. and is a son of John and Mar>' (Vernon) Bennett, who were also natives of the same town. At his parental home the subject was reared to manhood and acquired his education in the public schools, supplemented by a course in the Art Training School, established by Prince Albert. Later he was apprenticed to learn the art of china decorating and served for a term of seven years. When he became suffi- ciently proficient to do salable work he was given a salary of two shillings per week. After the first year he was given a half crown per week through the second year, and for four years was engaged on piece work, receiving half the salary given a jour- neyman. Subsequently he was employed as a journeyman in the Hilltop potterj' for a time, and then worked as a decorator for a short time, after which he engaged in busi- ness on his own account. Going to London, he located near the Dalton potteries, where he followed his art, attaining great profi- ciency therein. His skill was the means of procuring for him a number of excellent business offers, but he declined these in order to establish a home in America. Mr. Bennett came to this country in 1876, being sent to take charge of a china display in the English exhibit at the Centennial Ex- position in Philadelphia. In 1877 he made a permanent location in the New World, going to New York. He it was who intro- duced the Farance pottery into America. He established a large plant on Lexington avenue and Twenty-seventh street, and afterward removed to Twenty-fourth street, where he carried on business on an exten- sive scale. His beautifully decorated work soon became renowned throughout the country, and many came to him from all parts of the United States and Canada to learn his art methods. In 1883 he removed to West Orange and locating on the banks of the Orange reservoir he erected his pres- ent fine residence and built his potteries. He still carries on business to a limited ex- tent, but is practically retired, having ac- quired a handsome competence as the result of his labors. His exquisite workmanship, wrought after the most artistic and ap- proved methods, won the highest praise of the connoisseurs, and he justly won a lead- ing place among the china decorators of this country. Mr. Bennett was married in 1862 to Miss Mary Hall, a daughter of Reuben Hall, a well-known decorator whose reputation ex- tended throughout Europe. By this union ten children were born: John R., of New York; Charlie T., Man,', Frank, Sarah, Harry, William, Carrie W., Florence L. and Hettie L. The first two sons are members of the ]\Iasonic fraternity. The family is well known in Essex county, and its history deserves a place in this volume. JAMES C. CRANE, one of the honored and respected citizens of Montclair, comes of a family of long identification with the history of Essex county. In colonial days the first of the name took up their residence in this part of New Jersey, and down through the years to the present the Cranes have been substan- 26o ESSEX COUNTY. tial, valuable citizens of the community, bearing their part in all matters of public moment and supporting all measures for the general good. Their prominence is indi- cated by the fact that Cranetown was named in their honor, and it was in that place, now Montclair, that James C. Crane was born, on the 13th of October, 1822. His father, Timothy A. Crane, a son of Aaron Crane, was born June 20, 1786, and after attaining to years of maturity, married Miss Matilda Camp, a daughter of James and Mary Camp, born November 22, 1784. The father of our subject died in the ninety- third year of his age, and the mother was called to her final rest in her ninety-first year. The worthy couple had seven chil- dren, the record of whomfs as follows: Sarah Anna, born on the 5th of February, 1809, became the wife of Stephen G. Gould; Aaron, born March 29, 1812, married Eliza Scott; Mary Camp, born June 30, 181 5, was joined in wedlock to Samuel D. Mead; Isaac, born July ^ 1820. married Emeline Brower; Nancy, was a twin sister of Isaac; James Camp, whose name heads this article, married Matilda S. Corby, and Horace, born January 4, 1826. completes the fam- ily. All were natives of Essex county. GEORGE LE GLISE, a member of the city council of Newark, representing the tenth ward, was born at Cypress Hill, Long Island, on the 22d of February, 1865, a son of Joseph and Annie (Gammas) LeGlise, both of whom were na- tives of Paris, France. The father followed the sea for forty-two years and first came to the United States in 1826. He died in 1888, having survived his wife several years. Mr. LeGlise, whose name introduces this review, received a common-school educa- tion in the public schools of his native town, and in 1879 came to Newark, since which time he has been a resident of the tenth ward, his home being now at 197 Thomas street. He began life for himself as an apprentice at the trade of edge-tool-making, but later decided to learn the trade of manufacturing saddlery hardware, and for a number of years followed that pursuit in connection with Anderson Albright, but for the past seven years he has been engaged in busi- ness on his own account. He has built up an excellent trade, for his superior work- manship and honorable dealing commend him to the confidence of the public and he has thereby won a liberal and lucrative pat- ronage. Mr. LeGlise is a member of St. Colum- bia's Y. M. C. A. and of the Catholic Benev- olent Legion, and is serving as trustee of the latter organization. He has for some years been a prominent and active member of the Democratic party in Newark, but has steadily declined all offers of political preferment until the spring of 1897, when he decided to accept the nomination for al- derman in his ward. He polled eleven hun- dred and sixty votes, his Republican oppo- nent nine hundred and thirty-nine, thus re- ceiving a majority of two hundred and twenty-one. He is now serving as a mem- ber of the committees on police, elections, City Home and weights and measures, and is a public-spirited, progressive citizen, who supports all measures which he believes are well planned for the public good. He is a member of the Tenth Ward Democratic Club, and works earnestly with his party. He is a man of many sterling qualities and is very popular in business, political and social circles. ESSEX COUNTY. 261 Mr. LeGlise was married November 27, 1887, to Miss Margaret Leonard, a daugh- ter of Thomas Leonard, of Newark. Five children have been born to them, one of whom is deceased. The hving are: Thomas, Rose Adell, George and Grace Eleanor. NATHANIEL DRAKE, a prosperous citizen of Irvington, and a member of the firm of Drake & Company, is the youngest son of Elias W. Drake, and a brother of M. S. Drake, whose sketch will also be found in this work, and was born in Irvington, Essex county, New Jersey, on the 2d of November, 1856. His literary educational discipline was received in the public schools of his native city, which he attended until embarking in his business ca- reer. In 1878 he engaged in retailing feed and grain, succeeding his brother in that calling at Irvington and continuing in the same up to 1884, when he disposed of his interests and moved to Newark, there join- ing G. D. Drake in the milling business on Halsey street. This partnership was suc- cessfully conducted until 1892, when our subject, as a member of the firm of Drake & Company, established their large feed and grain house of Poinier street, and there they carry on one of the most important con- cerns of its kind in the city. Mr. Drake is a man of extensive experience and execu- tive ability, with which are combined those qualities that make the successful business man, and in consequence he is one of the ■prosperous and progressive residents of his home city, where he stands high in the re- gard and esteem of all with whom he comes in contact. On October i, 1879, Mr. Drake was united in marriage to Miss Marian Wade, daughter of Isaac O. Wade, a carpenter and builder of Irvington, and a descendant of one of the old families of that locality, and they are the parents of these children: Edna A., Imogene, Elias Arthur, Nathaniel, Jr., and Jannett. In his political affiliations our subject is a stanch Democrat, but has not the inclina- tion of becoming an active worker in the field, either local or state, being content to cast his free ballot, thereupon considering his political duty ended. In his social relations he is a popular member of the Roval Arcanum. P. M. MEGARO, M. D. LInder the blue skies of Italy, in the lit- tle village of Calabritto, near the city of Naples, Dr. Megaro was born, on the 15th of April, 1866. To-day he is numbered among the most able physicians and sur- geons of Newark, where he has a very ex- tensive practice among his countrymen. He is a son of Gottano Megaro, a real-es- tate dealer, who is still living in his native Italy. In the town of his birth the Doctor w-as reared, and his early education, ac- quired in the common school, was supple- mented by a five-years course in the gym- nasium college. Later he continued his edu- cation in the lyceum, and while still very young he entered the Royal University of Naples, where he pursued a six-years course in medicine and surgery, and was graduated in the class of 1893. Immediately thereafter he was appointed to a position in the military hospital at Florence, where he held the rank of lieutenant, but discharged the duties of surgeon. In January, 1894, Dr. Megaro came to 262 ESSEX COUNTY. the United States and opened an office at No. 152 Central avenue, Newark, where he remained for a period of three years, com- ing to his present location at No. 320 High street, in 1896. Upon coming to this coun- try he creditably passed the examination before the board of medical examiners of New York state. He speaks the French, Italian and English languages and is a gen- tleman of broad general culture and schol- arly attainments. He now holds a mem- bership in the Essex District Medical So- ciety and the American Medical Associa- tion, and is an expert surgeon, possessing superior skill in that department of the pro- fession. His practice is extensive and his comprehensive and thorough understand- ing of the science of medicine and surgery makes him one of the most competent members of the profession in the city. His fellow practitioners freely accord him a leading place in their ranks, and his pleas- ant, courteous manner has gained him many friends among them. In politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM B. GARRABRANTS, one of the leading manufacturers of New- ark, and a member of the board of alder- men in that city, was born at Washington Heights, New York city, on the 2d of April, 1854, the son of William B. and Harriet (Laves) Garrabrants. At the age of two years he was brought to Newark by his par- ents and here received his literary education in the public schools. Before he was twen- ty-one years old, such was his ambition to become independent, he engaged in busi- ness for himself in the butter trade, and six years later he embarked in the grocery busi- ness, continuing in the same for a period of fifteen years. Following this he became associated, as manager, with the Standard Brick Company, the factories of which are located at Mountain View, New Jersey, and in this line of endeavor he has since con- tinued, meeting with merited success, his industry, high integrity of character and honesty of purpose inspiring the greatest confidence in all those with whom he has dealings of a business nature. Politically considered Mr. Garrabrants has been a strong advocate of Republican principles from the time he was first per- mitted to cast a ballot, and he has given his unflagging support to the policies adopted by that party. In the spring of 1897 he was elected to the board of aldermen from the second ward and was appointed a member of the committees on hospitals and the New- ark City Home. In his social relations Mr. Garrabrants is a member of St. Alban's Lodge, F. & A. M., in which he is actively interested. He is ah adherent of the Halsey Street Methodist church and is a faithful worker in all matters pertaining thereto. In 1877, on the 25th of January, was con- summated the marriage of Mr. Garra- brants to Miss Lizzie Ida Gardner, a daugh- ter of Elijah R. Gardner, of Newark, and of the five children born to them the follow- ing three are living: Elizabeth, William and May. William B. Garrabrants, the father of our subject, was born in New York city, and came to Newark to reside in 1856. He was a builder and contractor on a large scale while living in New York, but upon moving to this city he gave up active business and partially retired. He was a stanch Union man during the war of the Rebellion, but was refused enlistment on account of his age. He departed this life in 1870. Mrs. EiiSEX COUNTY. 263 Garrabrants was born in Somersetshire, England, and came to this conntry when twenty years old. She was a devout mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in that faith she was called to her eternal rest in 1872. Seven children were born to 'Mr. and Mrs. Garrabrants, only two of whom survive — our subject, and a daugh- ter, who is now Mrs. George E. Webber. Her husband is a prominent elevator manu- facturer. \\'ILLI.\M H. DE WITT is now living retired in Montclair, enjoy- ing the rest which is the fitting crown of many years of useful labor. His life, though impretentious and quiet, is an object lesson of real value to the observing and thought- ful. It brings out prominently the charac- teristics that win, oiYers encouragement to young men who are willing to work with their minds and hands, and afifords another proof of the familiar adage that there is no royal road to wealth or distinction in this republic. The achievement depends upon the man. Earnest, persistent labor, unflag- ging perseverance and honorable dealing have brought to him a comfortable compe- tence and numbered him among the sub- stantial citizens of Montclair. Mr. DeWitt was born in Orange county. New York, near Port Jervis, December 24, 1849, 3n<^l is a son of James and Mary (Carr) DeWitt. His parents were natives of Deckertown, Sussex county, New Jer- sey, in which locality the ancestors of the DeWitt family, emigrating from Holland, located at a very early day. The grand- father, Peter DeWitt, was numbered among the first settlers of the county, and took an active part in its development. The ma- ternal grandfather of our subject was Rob- ert Carr. Both Mr. and Mrs. James De- Witt, now deceased, passed their lives upon a farm, and by their upright lives won the respect of all who knew them. William H. DeWitt acquired the greater [lart of his education in Deckertown, New Jersey, but afterward attended school at Port Jervis, New York. His mother died when he was about twelve years of age and he was early thrown upon his own resources, so that he has become a self-made man, his success being the outcome of his own ef- forts. At the age of si.xteen he entered upon an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade under Darius Rhodes, of Port Jervis, and after completing his term worked with that man until twenty years of age, when he began business on his own account, as a contractor and builder. He followed that vocation for a quarter of a century, during which time he never took a vacation, but with unremitting zeal and energy applied himself to his work and made steady ad- vancement. He erected many of the finest residences in Montclair, together with many substantial business blocks, churches, school-houses and club-houses, which stand as monuments to his handiwork and his bus- iness ability. His fidelity to the terms of a contract, his promptness and honorable dealing, secured to him a very liberal pa- tronage and brought to him good, substan- tial returns. For the past ten years he has dealt considerably in real estate, building houses, both for sale and rent, and still has considerable desirable realty. The rental from his houses yields to him a good income and enables him to lay aside the more ardu- ous duties of business life. In 1870 Mr. DeWitt was united in mar- riage to Miss Mary Hornbeck, of Port Jer- 264 ESSEX COUNTY. vis, New York, a daughter of Lewis and Lydia (Stanton) Hornbeck. She was l)orn in the city where her marriage was cele- brated, but was principally reared and edu- cated in Orange, New York. Her mother was a native of Sullivan county, of the Em- pire state. Three children grace the union of our subject and his wife: Sarah A., Charles I., who is now a student in Amherst College, and Wilham H., Jr. Mr. DeWitt votes the Republican ticket on state and national questions, but at local elections where no national issue is in- volved, takes into consideration the quali- fications of the candidates and casts his bal- lot accordingly. Pinehurst, his fine home, is a beautiful and commodious modern res- idence, standing in the midst of a beautiful lawn, ornamented with native forest trees and pines. Their warm-hearted hospitality places the many guests at their ease and has made Pinehurst the center of a cul- tured society circle. WILLIAM A. GAY. A leading representative of industrial circles in Newark, Mr. Gay is also prom- inently connected with the social, moral and aesthetic development of the city, — in- terests which tend to produce well rounded characters and make of a locality not mere- ly a business center but also the abode of those things which cultivate man's better and higher nature: A large circle of friends hold him in the highest esteem, and he well deserves mention in the history of Essex county. Mr. Gay was born in Rondout, New York, Januai-y 4, 1841, and is a son of Thomas and Salome (Johnson) Gay. In 1845 *^lic father removed with his family to Newark, where he continued to make his home until his death, which occurred in 1890. His wife passed away the same year. In England, the country of his nativity, he learned the ship-carpenter's trade, and in that capacity he followed the sea for sev- eral years. After locating in Newark he en- gaged in the roofing business for an ex- tended period and was accounted one of the progressive, enterprising men of the city. His political support was given the Whig party until its dissolution, when he joined the ranks of the new Republican party. He was elected and served for two terms as a member of the county board of freeholders, discharging his duties with marked fidelity. One of the founders of the Trinity Methodist Episcopal church, he served as a member of the board of trustees until his death and took a very active part in its work. Of quiet and unas- suming manner, he never sought pul^lic honors, but his sterling worth won him recognition wherever he went. While re- siding in New York he was one of the pioneers in the cement business, supplying cement for the Croton aqueduct, which was built in 1842. The English home of the Gay family was in Devonshire, where those of the name have resided through a very long period. They were millers, and the old niill which has been in the family for several generations, is still standing. The maternal grandfather of our subject, An- thony Johnson, was the owner of extensive stone cjuarries in Derbyshire, England, and on coming to this country he located in Brooklyn, where he carried on the stone business that since his death has been con- ducted by his sons Anthony and Matthew. Mr. and Mrs. Gay were the parents of the following named children : Mrs. Judith A. WILLIAM. A. GAY ESSEX COUNTY. 265 Kinsej', of Newark; Matthew T., president of tlie Blanchard Brothers & Lane Patent Leather Company, of Newark; and Mrs. Mary S. Devlin, of Newark. William A. Gay was only four years of age when brought by his parents to this city, and he acquired his education princi- pally in the Newark Wesleyan Institute and later in a short course in a boarding-school of Montclair. At an early age he joined his father in the roofing business and is still en- gaged in that enterprise. His headquar- ters are at the corner of New and Norfolk streets, and he is now enjoying an excellent patronage by reason of his excellent work- manship, his well directed efforts and his honorable business methods. Mr. Gay has been twice married. In New York city, in 1862, he wedded Miss Mary E. Crane, a daughter of Horace Crane, and to them were born three chil- dren : T. Elmer, who for seven years was with the Prudential Insurance Company and was for two years in charge of the Vir- ginia Insurance Company, at Richmond, then took charge of the American Insur- ance Company of Philadelphia : he served for six years as secretary of the United States Industrial Insurance Company, at Newark, and is now manager of the Indus- trial branch of the Pacific Mutual Insurance Company, of San Francisco, California, one of the best known insurance companies of this country; Matilda A., who is the wife of C. B. Hoyt, of Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Mary E., who is at home. The wife and mother died in 1878, and Mr. Gay was again married, this second union being with Mary F. Clammon, of Orange, New Jersey. Mr. Gay is deeply interested in all that pertains to the welfare and advancement of Newark, and in addition to his roofing busi- ness he is a member of the City Board of Trade and the Builders & Traders' Ex- change. He exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the Republican party. In 1895 he was elected a member of the board of education from the eleventh ward, and in that year was ap- pointed chairman of the school-house com- mittee, having in charge the erection of new school buildings. Since 1896 he has served as president of the board of edu- cation and has taken an active part in the formation and establishment of the present revised school system of Newark, which has largely advanced the grade of the schools in the city, and which is unsurpassed by any system in the entire state. He is deeply in- terested in all matters pertaining to the edu- cational advancement of the young and his labors have been most effective and valu- able. In social affairs Mr. Gay is also prom- inent. For many years he has been a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows. In 1873 he joined St. John's Lodge, No. I, F. & A. M., and in 1889-90 was Worshipful Master of the lodge. He is also a member of Union Chapter, R. A. M., of Kane Council, R. & S. M., and of Damas- cus Commandery, K. T. In 1896 he served as grand marshal of the most worthy grand lodge of New Jersey. He is also a mem- ber of the Ancient Order of United Work- men and was master of Success Lodge, but withdrew from that organization in order to assist in the organization of Newark Lodge, of which he was a charter member and the first master. Mr. Gay is not only an ardent lover of music but is endowed with superior talents as a performer, and since twelve years of age he has served as organist in different prominent churches, 266 ESSEX COUNTY. both in Newark and Orange. He is a mem- ber of the Lincoln Club, and in all circles is very popular: his genial manner and kindly disposition, as well as his musical talents, make him a social favorite. FRANK W. MEEKER, who is extensively engaged in farming and dairying in ]\Iillburn township, is a business man of much ability and force of character, who, starting out in life for himself without capital, has steadily worked his way upward until he is the possessor of a valuable prop- erty which yields to him a good income. Born in jMillburn township, Alarch 30, 1858, Mr. Meeker is a worthy representa- tive of a family whose identification with Essex county covers a long period, but back ot that the ancestry can be traced to the Emerald Isle, where was born Timothy Meeker, the founder of the family in Amer- ica, who took up his residence near Spring- field, New Jersey, prior to the war of the Revolution. \\'ith his nine sons and two sons-in-law he participated in the struggle for independence and valiantly battled for the nation's rights. Few families can show so honorable a record. Isaac Meeker, his son, married a Miss McChesney, and reared three sons and four daughters, namely: Samuel, Oliver, Timothy, Mary, Ann, Nancy and Jerusha. Isaac Meeker followed farming as a life occupation and died when about seventy years of age. Samuel Meeker, the grandfather of our subject, was born in 1797, on the old home- stead in Livingston township, where oc- curred the birth of our subject, and married Hannah, daughter of David Meeker, who was a native of Millburn and his relative. David Meeker was the father of four chil- dren, three of whom reached years of matur- ity — Elias. Betsey and Hannah, while Lu- cinda died at the age of eighteen years. Samuel Sleeker followed farming in Living- ston township during his active life and died at the home of his son, Samuel Harvey, June 8, 1878. His wife passed away some years previously, at the age of sixty-five years. They were members of the North- field Baptist church, and in politics the grandfather was a Whig until the organiza- tion of the Republican party, when he joined its ranks. His family included the following named children: Eunice, de- ceased wife of Sampson Sharp: Enoch, de- ceased: Oliver, who has also passed away; Samuel Harvey and Isaac. The father of our subject, Samuel Har- vey Meeker, was born on the old home- stead in Livingston township, March 3, 1824, and when eleven years of age started out to make his own way in the world. He was employed as a farm hand until twenty- seven years of age, and in September, 1852, purchased the farm upon which our subject now resides, the land at that time being heavily timbered. This he cleared and im- proved, successfully carrying on farming for a long period. He was married in 1855 to Miss Dorcas Almira Williams, a native of West Orange, and a daughter of Daniel S. Williams. Of the children born by this union, four died in childhood. Among the children were: Cora; Matilda, who married Joseph Condit, of Orange Valley: Frank; Ira; and Ada, wife of Joseph Ranibeck. Their mother died February 4, 1876, at the age of forty-five years, and Mr. Meeker was afterward married again, his second union being with Miss Rachel Frances Jen- nings, a daughter of David M. and Rachel (Burnett) Jennings. In his political views he is a Republican. ESSEX COUNTY. 267 Frank W. INIeeker, whose name intro- duces this article, was born and reared on the old homestead and is indebted to the common schools of the neighborhood for his educational privileges. On attaining his majority he established a retail milk route in Orange and South Orange. This he conducted for a time from the old home- stead, but about 1880 purchased fifty-three acres of land in Livingston township, and at the same time rented the farm upon which he now resides. Two years later he purchased this place and now has one hun- dred and fifty acres of fine land, particu- larly well adapted for pasturage, a very im- portant essential in connection with the dairy business. He also has well tilled fields, and raises considerable grain, which he feeds to the stock. He is now engaged in the wholesale and retail dairy business in Orange and South Orange, and his arrange- ments for caring for his products are among the best in the county. His barns are models of convenience, one having a very large floor space, while another barn has a capacity of one hundred and fifty tons of hay. He also has a fifteen-horse-power en- gine and boiler for steaming and cutting feed and cleaning cans and bottles. All the arrangements are most complete and per- fect, and the products of the dairy find a ready sale on the market. Mr. Meeker was married March 20, 1882, to Miss Laura L. IMcChessney.a daughter of thelateHugh McChessney.a farmer of Mill- burn township, who married Sarah F. Col- lins. They were the parents of twelve chil- dren. By her marriage Mrs. Meeker has be- come the mother of eight children: Fred H., Laura A., Sada, Grace, Edna, who died at the age of seventeen months, Harvey, Ada and Ruth. Mr. Meeker has taken quite an active part in political aft'airs and has served on the township committee and board of educa- tion. His vote supports the men and meas- ures of the Republican party. He is a mem- ber of the Patrons of Husbandry, and he and his wife hold membership in the North- field Baptist church, of which he is now serving as trustee. C. DURAXD CHAPMAN, at his beautiful home in Irvington, exercises in the art of painting, the talent which has gained him eminence among America's most famed artists and enables him to per- petuate on the canvas the beauty of the passing moment. The love of nature, the appreciation of harmony in color and form, the strong powers of imagination which look beyond the exterior to the soul and spirit within, the sensitiveness to beauty even in the humble scenes and walks of life which are found in the composition of every true artist, are his. It is the possession of these attributes which has gained hmi dis- tinction in the high calling to which his life is devoted and which enables him to bring before the world the loveliness of animate and inanimate creation which ig not recog- nized by the majority of mankind. New Jersey may well be proud to number him among her native sons, and Irvington ac- counts him one of her valued citizens. Mr. Chapman was born in Essex county, September 23, 1856. and is the son of the late Rev. John L. Chapman, a noted edu- cator, divine and author, who died July 2y, 1890. He was born in Ireland and was of Norman-French descent. His birth oc- curred in 1812, and a few years later he came to the United States, where he was 268 ESSEX COUNTY. educated, being graduated in a theological seminary in New York city. Having de- termined to devote his life to his fellow men through the avenue of the ministry, he took up his residence in Irvington soon after his marriage and founded the First Reformed church of that place. He was also the foun- der of the Home Institute, a training school for young people, which flourished in Irv- ington for some years, and became one of the prominent institutions of learning in the state. He closed his work there about the beginning of the war and went abroad, be- ing absent for a year. Upon his return he was tendered the position of president of the Wetmore Institute, in Irving, Kansas, and for three years was at the head of the faculty, after which he came again to New Jersey. In a short time, however, he re- turned to Kansas, and for two years was pastor of a church in Troy. The remain- der of his useful, active and honorable life was passed at his pleasant home in Irving- ton, where he continued his labors for mankind, leaving behind him a memory that is a blessed benediction to all who knew him. During his earlier residence in Irvington he formed the acquaintance of Dr. Vincent, then pastor of the Methodist church there, who became a student in the Home Institute, of which Rev. Chapman was then the head. Their friendshij) and association led to the ultimate initiation of the Chautauqua movement, which has made Dr. Vincent famous throughout the entire country. Dr. Chapman was also associated with .Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage m the Brooklyn Tabernacle, and in the Brooklyn Lay College, a theological school. He .was also the author of a system of text-books, published by D. Appleton & Company, and his life was devoted to the improvement of the mental and spiritual condition of the race. He was married to Miss Jane B. Du- rand, daughter of Cyrus Durand (the en- graver and inventor) and a niece of the famous American artist, Asher B. Durand. They had three sons, — Chalmers D., an Episcopal minister, S. W. and C. Durand. Mr. Chapman, of this review, acquired his literary education in Stephens' Institute, in Hoboken, New Jersey, and then turned his attention to the study of art. Early in his boyhood he manifested a love of painting and gave evidence of the talents he pos- sessed by excellent freehand drawing. He became a student in the National Academy of Design, in New York city, where, at the age of twenty-two years he was graduated with honorable mention. Among his fellow pupils there were Henry P. Roor, B. R. Fitz, Fred W. Kost and Ed A. Bell. Mr. Chap- man was also graduated in a night class in Cooper Institute about the same time he completed his studies in the National Acad- emy of Design. He then opened a studio in Tenth street. New York, where he re- mained for three years, when, wishing to still further perfect himself in his art, he went abroad and studied in Munich and in Paris. In the latter city he was a student in the Corman school, under the instruc- tion of Fernando Corman and Benjamin Constant. Returning to America in 1885, after two years' absence, he opened a studio in New- wark and one in Irvington, and has since de\oted himself to painting and illustrat- ing. In 1896 he was in England in the ca- pacity of art writer and illustrator for the magazine published by the Prudential In- surance Company. In the intervals of his study while in Europe he produced several paintings of considerable merit, including ESSEX COUNTY. 269 "Mine Ease in Mine Inn," and "Reverie," the latter exhibited in the Paris salon. Amonghisnotablecanvases in Boston, New York and Ne^vark are "Reveries of a Bache- lor," "In Disgrace," "Come In," "The Old Clarinette," "Eventide" and "Old Chums." Mr. Chapman delights in rendering quaint interiors, in which are figures, all having the atmosphere of homely comfort and old- fashioned cheer. As a painter of still life, he has been pro- nounced Ijy leading critics to be without a superior in this country. He is well known as a designer of strong imaginative powers and an illustrator in black and white, and is also a very successful instructor in the art of painting and drawing, being now profes- sor in drawing in the antique classes for ladies at the "Evening Drawing School" in Irvington. He belongs to the American Art Society and the Newark Sketch Club, and is very prominent and popular in art circles. On the loth of December, 1890, 'Mr. Chapman wedded Miss Carrie A. Hol- l)rook, daughter of A. M. Holbrook, of Newark. They have one child, John Hol- brook Chapman. Their beautiful home is the center of a cultured society circle, and the high artistic taste of the owner is indi- cated in its adornment. JULIUS STEEPENS, in the conduct of a large and constantly growing business, has acquired a handsome competence and is now living retired in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. The attributes of the successful business man are his. He possesses great energy, strong determination, resolute purpose and above all, that most essential factor, good common sense, and from small beginnings he developed a business which extended into many foreign countries and brought him rich returns. His dealings were char- acterized by the utmost fairness, and it is this that places Mr. Steffens above envy in his present comfortable financial condition. It is ever of interest to note the progress of one who has risen from humble sur- rovmdings and to mark the path that he has followed to the goal of prosperity. Mr. Stei'fens entered upon the scene of his earthly activities as a native son of Prussia, November 4, 1829. His father, John Henry Steffens, born in 1776, was a silk manufacturer, and two of his sons are still leading business men of Elberfeldt, Prussia, their old family home. Our subject was reared in the place of his nativity, and while pursuing the regular educational course also completed a course in chemistry, which in after years he put to practical use in experimenting in the manufacture of varnish. Just at the time when he was about to enter business life he was brought face to face withthegovern- ment on the charge of being a revolutionist, having taken part in the attempted revolu- tion of 1848, which failed, and as that of- fense was punishalile with a long and severe sentence, he chose to avoid such conse- quences and fled to the United States. He landed in New York in October, 1852, and here in the "land of the free" he has not only found political liberty, but has also taken advantage of the opportunities af- forded each man to utilize to the full his business powers in legitimate channels of endeavor and win the success which ever awaits honorable, persistent effort. Mr. Stefifens readily secured work from Daniel Tiernan & Company, extensive 270 ESSEX COUNTY. color manufacturers of that city and re- mained in their employ for three years. Through the succeeding five years he was connected with the house of Reynolds, De- voe & Pratt, varnish-makers, after \\hich he came to Newark and invested his capi- tal, which he had accumulated through in- dustry and econoni)', in a business of his own on Vesie street. There he engaged in the manufacture of varnish and operated his factory until eight years ago, when he sold out and laid aside the care of business life. He enjoyed a constantly increasing trade and was frequently obliged to enlarge his fa- cilities in consequence thereof. His patron- age came from all sections of this country, also from England, South America and Mexico, and the volume of his business as- sumed gigantic proportions and brought to him a handsome income. In his political views Mr. Steffens is a stalwart Republican, who wamily advocates the principles of his party. He was elected a member of the city council from the tenth ward, filling that office at the time when Judge Ricord was mayor, and was a stanch friend of the chief magistrate in his oppo- sition to the granting of a franchise for the Nicholson pavement in this city. Mr. StefTens is a man of domestic tastes who finds his greatest happiness at his own fireside, and it seems that he cannot do too much to promote the happiness and en- hance the welfare of his family. He was married in New York city, in 1853, to Miss Sophie Snetzer, daughter of John Snetzer, a native of Baden, Germany. Four chil- dren grace this union, namely: Julius, Augustus T., a manufacturer of saddlery hardware in Newark; and Julia and Sophie l)oth married. Mr. StefYens has traveled extensively during the past twenty years and his wife is always his preferred travel- ing companion. He has visited many points of beauty and of interest in the United States and Canada, has journeyed through the West Indies, has seen most of the principal cities of Europe and contem- plates a trip to the Sandwich islands. He takes great delight in viewing nature's love- liness as well as the marvelous works of man. and has a broad general intelligence which onlv travel can bring. HENRY B. HALSEY, a dealer in lumber, coal and masons' mate- rials at South Orange, was born in Madison, New Jersey, February 5, 1854, being a lineal descendant of Thomas Halsey, one of the founders of the town of South Hampton, Long Island, in 1640 — this being the first English town in the state of New York. His father. Major Thomas J. Halsey, was born in Flanders, Morris county, and was a son of Henry Halsey, a native of Southamp- ton, Long Island, and a grandson of David Fithian Halsey, who was a captain in the Revolutionary war, also born on Long Is- land. Henry Halsey was the first of the family to locate in New Jersey, and at Flan- ders he established a tannery, which he car- ried on for a number of years, after which he removed to Ohio, dying at Marseilles, that state, at the age of about sixty-five years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Eliz- abeth Corwin, belonged to a family that removed from Long Island to New Jersey at a very early day. The grandfather of our subject served as a captain in the state mi- litia and was an elder in the Presbyterian church. Major Thomas J. Halsey was reared in Flanders. His educational privileges were ESSEX COUNTY. 271 limited, but he was a young man of great natural ability, which made up for his lack of school training. When a young man he went to Ohio, where he followed various business enterprises. After a few years, however, he returned to New Jersey, where he engaged in operating a canal boat for a short time. He then went to Madison, where he was employed as station agent for the Morris & Essex Railroad Company for about two years, after which he was transferred to Dover, where he remained until the breaking out of the civil war. When the south attempted to overturn the Union he raised Company E, Eleventh New Jersey Infantry, 1862, and as its cap- tain went to the front, and at Chancellors- ville he was severely wounded in the right thigh, which disabled him for active duty for a time. As soon as possible he rejoined his regiment, having been promoted as Major, and participated in the Grant cam- paign until captured on June 22, 1864, dur- ing the siege of Petersburg. He was con- fined in the prisons of Libby at Richmond, Virginia, Macon, Georgia, Charleston and Columbia, South Carolina, and Charlotte, North Carolina, and exchanged March i, 1865. He then rejoined his regiment at Richmond, and was with his command until mustered out at the close of the war. Major Halsey then returned to his old position as station agent at Dover, and was soon after tendered the position of purchas- ing agent for coal and wood for the Morris & Essex Railroad, in which capacity he served until that road became a part of the Delaware, Lackawanna & West- ern system. He remained with the latter company as wood and tie agent for several years and was then made dispatcher at Port Morris, but after a short time he resigned in order to engage in the lumber business at Dover, where he re- mained until 1876, when he sold out and es- tablished a grocery store at Hackettstown. After two years he disposed of that proper- ty and removed to Holden, Johnson county, Missouri, where he carried on farming for some years, and. selling the farm, he con- ducted a hardware store for about one year. On the expiration of that period he re- turned to the grocery business, which he continued until his death, January 20, 1893. While residing in Dover he was a mem- ber of the first city council and was a promi- nent and influential citizen. In 185 1 Major Halsey married Miss Sarah Elizabeth Burt, of Succasunna Plains. New Jersey, a daughter of Job Burt, who was a representative of one of the old fami- lies of this state. They became the parents of nine children, two of whom died in in- fancy, while five sons and one daughter are still living. The parents were members of the Presbyterian church. The mother still survives her husband and makes her home in Holden, Missouri. The Major was at one time a member of the Independent Or- der of Odd Fellows, and in all the relations of life was true and faithful to the duties which devolved upon him. H. B. Halsey, whose name introduces this sketch, was reared in Dover until fifteen years of age, and acquired his early educa- tion in the public and private schools at Dover and at Deckertown, Blairstown and the Model School of Trenton. He passed an examination for West Point, but on ac- count of an injured arm could not enter the military school. He then entered upon his business career as ticket agent with the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Rail- road Company, at Dover, New Jersey, and 272 ESSEX COUNTY. later became a clerk for Beemer & Palmer, of Dover. Later he spent about a year in Texas, and then, returning to New' Jersey, entered the employ of Gage & Halsey, of Dover, continuing with them for two years, when he became a student in the State Uni- versity at Champaign, Illinois. On leaving that institution he followed teaching through the following winter, and then re- turning to Dover resumed his old position with C. F. Gage & Company, his father hav- ing sold his interest in the firm, continuing with that firm until the business went into the hands of a receiver. He then aided in closing out the business, subsequently hav- ing entered the employ of a lumber com- pany, and in August, 1879, went upon the road as traveling salesman, with headquar- ters at Newark. After a year's clerkship in Montclair, in the employ of F. F. Sayre & Company, he again entered tlie service of the Tobyhanna & Lehigh Lumber Com- pany, and a year later became salesman for J. S. H. Clark & Company, with whom he remained eight months. In 1890, in part- nership with J. Bayard Clark, he began dealing in coal, wood and masons' materials, under the firm name of H. B. Halsey & Company, and is now one of the enterpris- ing and successful business men of South Orange. Mr. Halsey was married in 1886 to Miss Sarah L. Harvey, a native of Morris county, and a daughter of Joseph P. Harvey of the same county. They have two children: Jeanette and Helen Elizabeth. Mr. Halsey belongs to the Masonic fraternity and the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and is an ancient Odd Fellow. He is also a mem- ber of the Field Club. His political support is given the Republican party, and he has been an acceptable member of the town council twice, once by election and once by appointment of the board of trustees. RALPH BEERS, a machinist and dealer in bicycles, and a prominent and progressive young business man of East Orange, was born in Morris- town, Morris county, New Jersey, on the 15th of August, i868,and is a son of the late William and Harriet N. (Hoagland) Beers. Members of the Beers family were among the earliest settlers of New Jersey and were well known throughout Monmouth county, where most of the ancestors made their homes. William Beers was a native of Monmouth county, where he resided un- til 1845, following the vocation of farmer, and he was the first one to introduce the peach-growing industry into Monmouth county. In 1845 he moved to Morris county, where he became closely identified with the public affairs, was a member of the board of freeholders, and held other re- sponsible positions. Both he and his faith- ful wife were taken to their eternal rest in Morris county, after passing useful and well spent lives. They had two sons, James and Ralph. Ralph Beers passed his boyhood days upon the old farmstead, acquiring a good education in the public schools of the vicin- itv, and at the age of sixteen years went to Morristown and learned the trade of ma- chinist, which vocation he has since fol- lowed, coming to East Orange in 1891 and establishing his present business, in which he has met with the success merited by his earnest efforts, diligence and strict integrity of character. In the social relations of life Mr. Beers is a member of East Orange Council, Royal ESSEX COUNTY. 273 Arcanum, and the Loyal Legion Benefit Society, of Newark. Politically considered he is a stanch Democrat, and in his relig- ious faith he is an adherent of the Methodist Episcopal church. On the 23d of September, 1889, Mr. Beers was united in marriage to Miss Anna Meslar, a daughter of William H. and Sarah Meslar, and of this union two chil- dren have been born, namely: Hattie, Janu- ary, 25, 1891, and Ruth. June 10, 1895. JOSEPH S. SUTPHEN, M. D., one of the well known members of the New- ark medical profession, with office and res- idence at No. 193 Orange street, was born in Somerset county, New Jersey, on the 5th of April, 1839. and is a direct descend- ant of Dirck Van Zutphen, who came from Holland to the New World in 165 1 and took up his residence on Long Island. The Doctor's father, Peter Sutphen, was a na- tive of Somerset county. New Jersey, where he followed farming throughout his entire life, his death occurring in 1878. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah Smith, and was also a native of Somerset county, passed to her final rest in the year 1880. They had three sons and three daughters, but only two are now living, — the Doctor, and Arthur P., of Somerset county. Dr. Sutphen spent the early years of his life upon the home farm, acquiring his ed- ucation in the country schools and in Ches- ter Institute, where he pursued his studies for one term. In i860 he began the study of medicine with his brother, and after con- tinuing his reading for a few months en- tered the initiatory service of the govern- ment as hospital nurse in the United States ii— 18 General Hospital, of Newark. He won the degree of M. D. in 1865 from the medical department of the New York University, and the same year located in his native county, where he opened an office and be- gan practice. There he continued until 1870, adding to his technical knowledge a valuable experience. After five years he came to Newark, opened an office and also established a drug store. He continued the dual work until 1894, when he disposed of the store in order to devote his entire time to his practice, which had grown to extensive proportions. He is doing an ex- cellent and profitable business and is one of the best informed members of the profes- sion in this city, being a close student who advances continually in connection with the progress that marks the science of medi- cine. He is a member of the Essex County Medical Society and the New Jersey State Medical Society. The Doctor is one of the recognized leaders of the Republican party in Essex county, well informed on the issues of the day and thoroughly in sympathy with the principles advocated by the party leaders. His worth and loyalty as a citizen are rec- ognized by his fellow townsmen, who, be- lieving in his fitness for civic honors, have called him to a number of public offices. During the years 1878, 1879 and 1880 he represented his ward on the board of chosen freeholders of Essex county. In the latter part of 1880 he removed to Indiana, where he engaged in the drug business until 1884, when he returned to Newark. In 1891 he was elected a member of the board of edu- cation, serving one term and declining a re- nomination. In 1878 and again in 1892 he was the Republican nominee for the state legislature, but as the district is very 274 ESSEX COUNTY. strongly Democratic he failed of election. He has been a member of the county Re- publican committee for many years and his effective service has been of great value to the party. In 1896 he was elected a mem- ber of the Newark board of aldermen from the fifteenth ward and in that service has been the champion of all measures for the public good, for reform and for progress. The Doctor was married in 1864 to Miss Harriet E., a daughter of the late Judge John Thatcher, of Newark. She died in 1872, lea\'ing three children, two of whom have since died. The surviving child is Minnie F., wife of Charles E. Scott, of Sheridan, Indiana. In September, 1873, Dr. Sutphen was again married, his second union being with Miss Margaret Cairns, of Newark, a granddaughter of Samuel Cairns, Sr. They now have one daughter, Cora, eleven years of age. HARRY FIRTH, one of the leading architects of Orange, New Jersey, is a native of England and traces his ancestry back to the Isle of Man. John Firth, his grandfather, was born and passed his life on that isle. He was never engaged in any active business, but lived the life of a retired gentleman. His chil- dren numbered four. Harriet, his eldest child, now deceased, was the wife of John W. Naylor, one of the largest iron founders in Great Britain ; the next in order of birth was Marrion; George is deceased; and William, the youngest, is the father of our subject. William Firth was born and reared on the Isle of Man. When a young man he located in Bradford, England, where he en- gaged in the manufacture of woolen goods and where he is still carrying on business. now being ranked with the largest manu- facturers of England. Hemarried Miss Jane Pullan, and their union has been blessed in the birth of eleven children, namely: Eliza- beth, widow of Walter Kirby, who was a woolen manufacturer of Bradford, is the mother of two children; Samuel P., a retired citizen of Devonshire, England, married Miss Emily Walmsley; Annie is the wife of Gilbert Hay, a wine merchant of Sheffield, England; Louisa, wife of Mr. Hicks, resides at Great Neck, Long Island, New York; Herbert, a prominent lawyer of London, England, has a wife and seven children; Ada, wife of George Loverige, a broker re- siding in Hull, England; Thomas, a retired citizen of New York; John, living retired in Orange, New Jersey, married Miss Emily Lasher of New York, and they are the parents of six children; Harry, whose name heads this sketch, and Hettie and Amy, at their parental home. Harry Firth was born in Bradford, Eng- land, February 26, 1862, and in his native land spent the first twenty-one years of his life. His early training was in private schools at Bradford. He entered Thor- parch college in Yorkshire, England, where he pursued and completed a theological course; however, he never entered the min- istry. He seemed to have a natural bent for architecture, and on leaving college entered the office of Lockwood & Mawson, archi- tects of Bradford, where he remained until 1883, the date of his coming to America. Upon his arrival in this country he located in East Orange, New Jersey, where he has since resided and enjoyed a prosperous business. Many of the handsomest public buildings and private residences of the Or- anges have been Iniilt after his plans, all showing wonderful ingenuity as well as ESSEX COUNTY. 275 wide knowledge of available material and devices for comfort. A few years after coming to this country Mr. Firth was united in marriage, in Jersey City, to Miss Millie Warren, daughter of John and Mary (Sniffen) Warren, and great-great-granddaughter of the famous General W'arren. They have two children, William Harrold, born in 1891, and Milton Warren, in 1893. Mr. Firth is a member of the Episcopal church, and politically he harmonizes with the Republican party. CHARLES H. FRINT, the popular and well known member of the firm of Smith & Frint, was born at West Kill, Greene county, New York, on the 2d of July, 1857, and is a son of Sydney D. and Julia F. (Dunham) Frint. Both paternal and maternal ancestors were of German stock, members of the family com- ing to America at an early date and settling in the state of New York. The grand- father of our subject was born at Bushnell- ville. New York, and there passed his en- tire life, engaged in agricultural pursuits. He married Dymity Lament and the fol- lowing three children were born to them: Sydney: Dymity, who married Justice Knowles; and Catherine, who became the wife of Henry Banker. Sydney and Cath- erine still survive, the latter of whom now resides near Rochester, New York. Sydney Frint was born at Bushnellville, New York, on the 5th of March, 1826, where his education was obtained in the district schools, after leaving which he se- cured a position with a large mercantile es- tablishment and was one of the pioneer traveling salesmen in the Empire state. To Mr. and Mrs. Frint were born six children, of whom the following record is given: Rose, who became the wife of the Rev. O. C. Crawford, a Congregational minister at present being located at Indian River, Kansas; Charles H., the subject of this review; DeWitt C, residing at Deer Lodge, Montana, where he is extensively engaged in cattle-raising; George B. is engaged in the drug business at Middletown, New York; John W. resides at Middletown and conducts a wholesale liqtior establishment; and Frank M. lives in Newark and is in the employ of the Singer Sewing Machine Company. Mr. Frint is now a resident of Middletown, New York, where he has spent the past thirty years of his life. Charles H. Frint received his preliminary education in the public schools of Middle- town, supplemented by a course at the high school and academy, and after completing his studies he was for three years engaged in the retail shoe trade in Middletown and for the following thirteen years was as- sociated with L. E. Schoonmaker & Com- pany, wholesale boot and shoe dealers of New York city, being for eight years the traveling salesman for the house. In 1891 he became a partner in the present business and is one of the leading and successful mer- chants in Newark. On the 20th of October. 1885, Mr. Frint was united in marriage to Miss Lena Sut- ton, a daughter of Louis and Lydia Sut- ton, of Warwick, Orange county. New York, and they became the parents of four children, namely: Lydia, born April 20, 1888; Edna, October, 1889: ^Ladaline, March 4, 1892; and Helen. July 14, 1893. In his political views Mr. Frint is a stanch Republican, and as to his religious predilections it may be sufficient to state 276 ESSEX COUNTY. that he and his family attend the Episcopal church. DAVID A. DEPUE, LL. D. David Ayres Depue traces his ancestry back to one of the earliest families of the country. The name has been variously spelled by writers of early American his- tory; first appearing as Depui, then as De- pue, and again as Depuis. The family prob- ably preceded William Penn to the Key- stone state. Samuel Depue, one of the early progenitors of the family in America, is spoken of, in 1730, by Nicholas Scull, a surveyor, as "the venerable Samuel Depui," and the settlement of Minesink, on the Delaware, where he lived, was founded be- fore William Penn made his appearance in America. Samuel Depui, when seen by Mr. Scull, was, doubtless, a man between sixty and seventy years of age ; but whether he or his progenitor were among the orig- inal settlers of Minesink is not certain. He had a son named Nicholas, who was born in Minesink, about the year 1720, and who, when old enough, accompanied his father upon his making trips to Esophus — now Kingston, New York. At that place Nicholas Depuis, or "Nicholas De- puis, Esquire," as he was afterwards called, settled for a short time, and then returned to Minesink, where, in 1787, he was joined by Surveyor Scull, residing in "a spacious store in great plenty and affluence." Mr. Scull speaks of him as "the amiable Nich- olas Depuis, Esquire." From notes on Budets' Account of Penn- sylvania and New Jersey, 1685, we find that "Nicholas Depuy, founder of the family, fled from France to Holland during the persecution of the Huguenots and came to America, with his brothers, Ephraim and Abraham, settling near Kingston, New York." Moses Depui, son of Nicholas, first, was one of the charter members of Rochester, New York, under the grant of Queen Anne, in 1703. He took the oath of al- legiance in Ulster county in 1728, his name is given among a "List of Commanding Ofiicers, Milletery and Sivel, old ofificers and old men." Moses Depuy is also men- tioned as a member of assembly of Ulster county, 1752. These men were among the early ances- tors of Judge Depue, the subject of this sketch. His great-grandfather, Benjamin Depue, served as a commissary during the war of the Revolution and married Cather- ine, daughter of Colonel Abraham Van Campen, a judge of the court of common pleas, of Sussex county. New Jersey, who held ofiice as colonel in the Colonial army. Abraham, son of Benjamin Depue was the grandfather of Judge Depue. Benjamin, son of Abraham, who carried down the name of his grandfather, Benjamin Depue, was the father of the subject of this sketch. Benjamin Depue resided at Mount Bethel, at which place he married Elizabeth, daughter of Moses Ayres. Mrs. Benjamin Depue was known as a most estimable woman; to her careful training and influ- ence much of the success of the life of her son, the Judge, is attributable. To those who may not be uninterested in the history of this old family, the following notes are culled from various sources, ar- chives, ancient manuscripts and records of divers kinds. To such we give, in brief, these notes upon the Depuy family, in con- nection with the sketch of Judge David A. Depue, who is, as already stated, a descend- ESSEX COUNTY. 277 ant of Nicholas Depui mentioned in the be- ginning of this article. Nicholas Depui, who may be called the founder of the family in America, "sailed from Artois, on the ship Ourmerland Church and reached New York in October, 1662." He applied, in March, 1663, to the city authorities "for land, seed and six months' provisions." In June, 1665, he was sworn in as "Beer and Weigh-house poster." In 1674 we find him named in a list of "the wealthiest citizens," and he is upon record as "paying tax on six hundred floumes." He lived in what was known as De Markeveth, in the rear of the present Produce Exchange. His wife was Catherina Renard. Nicholas Depui's chil- dren were: John, born 1656; Moses, born 1657; Joseph, born 1663; Aaron, born 1664; Magdelene, born 1667; Susannah, born 1669; Nicholas, born 1670; Paulus, born 1675. Nicholas' will was proven July, 1691, and he left his property to his wife and surviv- ing children, John, Moses, Aaron, Susan- nah and Nicholas, "share and share alike." Some time before his death he had been granted a large tract of land, west of the Hudson to Ulster county; on this land his son Moses settled, probably before his fath- er's death. It is said of Moses, son of Nich- olas, that "he became the most prominent man in Ulster county." His wife was Marie, or Margaret, Wynkoop. His chil- dren were: Moses H., born 1691, married February 14, 17 16, to Margaret Schoon- macher; Benjamin, born 1695, married September 3, 1719, to Elizabeth Schoon- macher; Catherine, born 1701, married May 10, 1722, to Benjamin Schoonmacher; Jacobus, born 1703, married August 20, 1725, to Sarah Schoonmacher; CorneHus, baptized 1688. The Schoonmachers were all children of Jacobus Schoonmacher of Kingston. Nicholas, 2d, probably went to Kingston with his brother Moses. Moses Depuy, born February 16, 1761, married, in 1780, Margaret Van Gorden, and lived near the Delaware Water Gap. His children were: Elizabeth C, born March 11, 1781, married Ichabod Baldwin; John C, born June 29, 1782, died in prison, in Canada, 1812; James C, born July 7, 1784; David C, born June 5, 1786; Will- iam C, born December 7, 1790; Navery C, born December 7, 1790, married Chris- tian Beidleman; Elijah C, bom Novem- ber 14, 1793; Samuel C, born March 14, 1796, married Hannah Rewalt; Benjamin C, born July 16, 1799, married Betsy Smith of Wallpack, New Jersey; Delilah C, born August 19, 1801. James (3) married Jane De Witt, December 10, 1809, and went to live near Geneva, New York. Of the genealogical record of the Depue family branch of which the subject of our sketch belongs we give the following table : Nicholas Depui, founder of the family in America, married Catherina Renard; Moses, born 1657, married Marie Wyn- koop; Benjamin, born 1695, married Eliza- beth Schoonmacher, September 13, 17 19, died 1765; Abraham, born September 28, 1765, married Susannah Hofifman, died Oc- tober 21, 185 1 ; Benjamin, born September I, 1796, married Elizabeth Ayres, died June 18, 1884; David Ayres, born October 27, 1826, married, first, Mary V. Stuart, and second, Delia A. Slocum. We are indebted to Mrs. L. E. Schoon- macher, of Stone Ridge, New York, H. T. Depuy, of New York city, to the Colonial Archives of Pennsylvania, to the Records of the First Dutch Church of Kingston, New York, to the History of Kingston, 278 ESSEX COUNTY. New York, and that of Sussex county, New Jersey, as well as to Mrs. David Law- rence Gregg, of Salt Lake City, for a tran- script from a family Bible in her possession, for the information furnished above. David Ayres Depue, son of Benjamin Depue and Elizabeth (Ayres) Depue, was born at Mount Bethel, Northampton coun- ty, Pennsylvania, October 27, 1826. The Ayres family, to which Mrs. Benjamin De- pue belonged, is one of antiquity. Origin- ally, the name Ayres and Eyres were identi- cal, their origin is traced to a knight of the time of William the Conqueror. The preparatory education of David A. Depue, the subject of our sketch, was re- ceived at the school of Rev. John Vander- veer, D. D., a well known educator of his day, in Easton, Pennsylvania. Having at- tained a thorough academic training Mr. Depue entered the College of New Jersey at Princeton, New Jersey, where he was graduated in 1846. His parents had re- moved from Pennsylvania to Belvidere, New Jersey, in 1840, their son, therefore, immediately after graduation, commenced the reading of law in that place, entering, for that purpose, the office of John M. Sherrerd, who, for more than forty years, was a leader of the bar of northern New Jersey. After his admission to the bar Mr. Depue began his professional life in Behidere, and laid for himself in that place, and during his early days as a practitioner, the founda- tion upon which has been built his subse- quent success and eminence at the bar and upon the bench. In 1866 he was appointed by Governor Marcus L. Ward as associate justice of the supreme court, and shortly afterward re- moved to Newark. Essex county, New Jer- sey, which county, together with Union county, was embraced in the circuit to which he was assigned. In 1873, o" '^'''6 expiration of this term, he was reappointed for a second term by Governor Joel Parker. He was again reap- pointed, in 1880, by Governor George B. AlcClellan, and, for the fourth and fifth terms, was appointed, in 1887, by Governor Green, and, in 1894, by Governor Werts. No comment is necessary upon these suc- cessive appointments, for each one speaks for itself. The recognition of fitness for one of the highest positions in the gift of the executive, by five governors, covering a period of over thirty years, is a testi- monial such as falls to the lot of few men. It is recorded of Judge Depue that "he took to the bench the very highest qualifi- cations for the most responsible ofifice in the system of the state government, and his record, as judge, has been in harmony with his record as a man and a lawyer." In 1874, together with Chief Justice Beasly and Hon. Cortlandt Parker, Judge Depue was appointed to revise the laws of New Jersey; a work which was completed to the great satisfaction of the bench and bar throughout the state. The degree of LL. D. was conferred up- on Judge Depue, in 1874, by Rutgers Col- lege, New Jersey, and, in 1880, the same de- gree was given to him by the College of New Jersey, at Princeton. In right accord with the dignity and em- inence of his position, the subject of our sketch is known as a man of broad culture and understanding, and as one whose out- look upon men and afYairs is without per- sonal bias, without prejudice or favor. Judge Depue married Mary Van Allen, daughter of John Stuart, who was for many ESSEX COUNTY. 279 years cashier of the Belvidere Bank. Mrs. Depue died in 1859, leaving one child, Eliza Stuart. In 1862 Judge Depue mar- ried Delia Ann, daughter of Oliver E. Slocum, of Tollard, Massachusetts. Their children are Sherrerd, Mary Stuart and Francis A. The son, Sherrerd Depue, was born in Warren county, New Jersey, on the ist of August, 1864. His life has been spent in greater part in Newark, New Jersey. Hav- ing graduated in 1881 at the Newark Academy, he entered Princeton University, at which he was graduated in 1885. JMr. Depue, having determined to make the practice of law his life work, became a stu- dent in the Columbia Law School of New York city, where he was graduated in 1887. The same year he was admitted to practice as counselor-at-law, and in September of 1890 he was appointed assistant United States district attorney, in which capacity he served for one year. In 1894 he was appointed city attorney for Newark, and as such served two years. Mr. Depue is a man of exceptional ability, whose zeal for his profession, devotion to his clients, and known fidelity to all trusts will doubtless bespeak for him new honors in the future. CHRISTOPHER ANDREW HINCK. Although Mr. Hinck is among the more recent settlers of Montclair, the extensive improvements he has made in the town- ship and the large amount expended by him in opening and imprSving streets and avenues, are matters of record and entitle him to recognition in a history of Mont- clair. Mr. Hinck was born in Kehdingbruch, province of Hanover, — now a part of Prus- sia, — November i, 1831. He came of a good and respectable family, his father being of that class of well-to-do, intelligent farmers who compose the bone and sinew of the German empire. His maternal grand- father, Hein Pick, was a man of more than ordinary intelligence and of great influence in the community, and at the time of the French invasion in 1810 was elected mayor of a large district and clothed with ample authority to protect the interests of his fel- low citizens. Mr. Hinck was educated under a system which has long been compulsory, requiring parents to send their children to school from the age of eight to fourteen years, and at the present time a failure to do so in- volves a penalty of imprisonment to the de- linquent. Under such a system, which in his day existed in a more modified form, Mr. Hinck acquired an education sufficient to fit him for a mercantile career. He after- ward spent five years in a mercantile house and then concluded to try his fortune in the New World. He left home and landed in New York city in 185 1, a total stranger. His frank, open manner and pleasing address made a favorable impres- sion upon those with whom he was brought in contact and he soon made friends who "clung closer than a brother." Among those who took a kindly interest in his wel- fare and who offered to assist him was Wil- son G. Hunt. He made the acquaintance of other prominent merchants, who invited him to their homes and honored him with their confidence. He obtained employ- ment in a wholesale woolen house, where by his strict attention to business, his in- dustry and uprightness of character, he won the confidence of his employers. He served a vear in one house, two vears in another, 28o ESSEX COUNTY. and during this period he acquired a thor- ough knowledge of the business and laid the foundation for his subsequent success- ful business career. In July, 1854, having by careful economy saved something from his yearly income, together with a few hundred dollars received from his mother, he started in business for himself, under the firm name of Hinck, Harms & Com- pany. He withdrew in 1859 and organized the firm of Hinck & Pupke, which later became Hinck Brothers. He continued in active business for more than a quarter of a century and passed through several financial crises in which some of the oldest business houses in the country were com- pelled to suspend; but, through all these and the frequent fluctuations of prices in- cident to the war, he maintained his credit unimpaired and met all his obligations promptly. He made it a principle of his life never to purchase in excess of his ability to pay promptly in cash when due. With abun- dant opportunities for speculation during the war by risking his capital, and with the chances of acquiring wealth rapidly, he pre- ferred the "slow and sure" course, and was satisfied with fair profits and quick sales, and when the rapid depreciation in prices took place at the close of the war, he found himself in a condition to dispose of his stock without impairing his capital. From the beginning of his business career he sought to establish confidence between himself and his customers by fair dealings, and would never permit any misrepresen- tation in regard to the quality of goods for the purpose of making a sale. His con- scientious regard for the truth forbade him to take any advantage whatever of those who trusted in his judgment and in his in- tegrity. Honesty as a principle and not as a mere matter of policy was rooted and grounded in his nature and instilled into his mind through the early teachings of his parents, who believed that character was more to a man than riches or worldly hon- ors. His uniform kindness and courtesy toward all with whom he came in contact had much to do with his success in life. He believed that every friend made added that much to his capital and every enemy made impaired it to the same extent. After accumulating a moderate fortune Mr. Hinck retired from business in 1883, with a spotless escutcheon, conscious that he had wronged no man and that his gains had been honestly acquired. He was then able to carry out a long cherished plan of a visit to the fatherland and to view again the scenes of his childhood. He visited various parts of Europe and spent some three years with his family at Hanover, which country during his absence had been merged from an independent kingdom into the great German empire. His enforced idleness, however, began to wear on him after the long and busy life which he had led, and he determined to seek some occu- pation which should again call forth his dormant energies and give activity to his mind and body. Soon after his return to the land of his adoption he visited Mont- clair and was attracted by its beauty and the healthfulness of its location. He final- ly purchased what was known as the "Sad- ler Place," comprising the homestead and fourteen acres, nearly adjoining the home of Inness, the artist, and known as "The Pines" He enlarged and improved the homestead, which he changed from the simple farmhouse into a beautiful modern villa. The grounds were transformed into beautiful lawns adorned with shade and ESSEX COUNTY. 281 fruit trees of the finest variety and the whole place was made to blossom like the rose, presenting a most beautiful and pic- turesque appearance. He subsequently purchased three acres additional, adjoining the homestead property. Mr. Hinck became impressed with the great social, educational and other advan- tages of Montclair — of its healthfulness and other attractive features, and, with characteristic energy and faith in its future greatness, determined to do his share toward its further development. He pur- chased a tract of land north of Oxford and east of Grove street, and another tract of land lying west of Grove street, north of Greenwood Lake Railroad. Between Montclair avenue and Grove street, and ex- tending from Walnut to Chestnut street, he opened a new street to which he gave the name of "Christopher," — that being his Christian name, — thus perpetuating the name of its projector; this he graded so as to form a perfect drainage, curbed and macadamized it, all at his own expense. He also made the same improvements at Chestnut street, from Grove street to Mont- clair avenue. About six hundred feet north of Chestnut street from Grove to Forest street, he cut an avenue in 1892, which he named Columbia avenue, in commemora- tion of the quadrennial event of that year. He has erected fifteen houses on Christo- pher street, one on Walnut street — a dou- ble brick building — and a beautiful villa on the corner of Grove and Chestnut streets, and has prepared plans for further improve- ments in this direction. While benefiting himself by this large expenditure of money, he has proved a public benefactor to the township by the enhanced value of other property arising therefrom, and has thus added materially to the wealth of Mont- clair. In 1857, when fortune had smiled upon him, Mr. Hinck began to feel the necessity of a helpmeet, and his thought naturally turned toward the fatherland, which he resolved to visit, and amid the scenes of his childhood he found the woman of his choice, in Johanna Maria Fliedner,whom he married after a brief courtship and returned with her to the land of his adoption. She proved a valuable helpmeet and wise coun- selor, and his success in life is due largely to her aid and co-operation in all his plans, thus verifying the proverb, "Who so find- eth a wife findeth a good thing and obtaineth favor of the Lord." Their chil- dren are Maria, Henry, John, Georgine. deceased, George Frederick, Edward Louis, Louisa, Ernest Christopher, Ed- mund, deceased, Alfred John and Otto Helmuth, — the last named for Count von Moltke and Bismarck. A friend of the family communicated the fact to Count von Moltke and he sent a photograph to his namesake on the back of which was sub- scribed: "With the best wishes for Otto Helmuth," signed "Field Marshal Count von Moltke." FREDERICK KILGUS, the well known contractor and builder of Newark, is a native of Germany, who has brought his inherent talents and ability with him to this country, where he has not only become one of her loyal citizens, but has ever met with distinctive success in the lines of endeavor followed by him since his arrival. Born in Wurtemberg, Germany, on the 1 8th of November, 1851, he is the son of Frederick and Barbara (Pfau) Kil- 282 ESSEX COUNTY. gus, the former of whom was born in the same province as our subject, in 1823, and there followed the vocation of a farmer, log cutter, and shipper, as did the grandfather, John Kilgus. Frederick Kilgus secured a fair education in the excellent public schools of his native land, and before coming to the United States had worked at both the carpenter's and the blacksmith's trades, at both of which he was quite proficient. In 1869 he determined to try other fields of endeavor and sailed from Bremen on the good boat "Main" bound for America, landing in New York harbor on the 9th of April. Coming to Newark he had no trouble in securing work at the blacksmith's trade, in which he continued during his first half year in this country, next taking up the carpenter's trade and for the following two years he was associated with a Mr. Auckster. He then engaged with Kirk & Company, contract- ors, as a journeyman carpenter, continuing with them until 1883, when he embarked in the same business for himself, his initial con- tract being for a residence for Mr. O'Leary, on Eleventh avenue. During the first year his force did not exceed the small number of four men, which he has since increased as his business demanded, until now he has about forty men, and the character of his work may best be judged by a hr'iei refer- ence to some of the contracts he has ex- ecuted, among which are: A residence for Dr. Chambers in East Orange, and one for John R. Howe, on Arlington avenue; the Hebbig Hotel; the Condit residence in Madison; the Berk hat factory in Orange Valley; the Eagle Brewery; No. 11 engine house; William Burnett's residence on Hal- sey street; the Higiiland Flats, on Quitman street; Dr. Wait's residence, on High street; a residence for Judge Guild, on Mount Prospect avenue, and the asylum at Overbrook, New Jersey. The first marriage of Mr. Kilgus was at Bloomfieid, New Jersey, where he was united, in April, 1874, to Miss Caroline Ja- ger, W'ho died, leaving five sons: Fred J. and Louie, who are carpenters; and Harry, Benjamin and George. The second mar- riage of our subject was on February 18, 1897, when he was united to Miss Bertha E. Strumph, daughter of John Strumph, a japanner, born in Hessen-Darmstatlt. He emigrated to the United States in i860, and served as a private in the late war. Socially Mr. Kilgus is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of the Builders' Association, in both of which societies he enjoys a high degree of pop- ularity. EDWARD LIVINGSTON PRICE. There is, perhaps, no citizen of Essex county more closely entitled to definite representation in this compilation than is he whose name initiates this paragraph, — the elements making this representation peculiarly compatible being determined not through one source but several. His line- age traces back through the past to touch intimately the ancestral honors of those who were prominent in the settlement of the New World, conspicuous in colonial annals, stalwart patriots when the strug- gling colonies strove to throw ofif the un- just yoke imposed by the British throne; those whose names are illustrious on the pages of ci\'il and military history through many successive generations, and in whose deeds and lives a sterling worth reposed. He of whom this brief review is written has - ^v^ wr^c^ 4 ESSEX COUNTY. 283 gained tlistinctive prestige as a man of af- fairs, and has sliown tiiat it was his to inherit the truest patriotism and to mani- fest it by valorous deeds when the cataclysm of civil war deluged the country with blood; and all these are points which call for rec- ognition in any work purporting to touch upon the history of Essex county and her citizens. As early as 1700 the ancestors of Colonel Edward Livingston Price in the agnatic line settled in what is now Sussex county, New Jersey. His father was the late Judge Francis Price, of Weehawken, Hudson county, New Jersey. His mother was a representative of the Hart family, one of whose members, John Hart, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Edward L. Price, the immediate subject of this sketch, was born in the city of New York. December 25, 1844. ^t the early age of sixteen he laid aside his school-books and tendered iiis services for the defense of the Union, joining the United States army, in April, 1862, as second lieutenant of Com- pany E, Seventy-fourth Regiment of New York Volunteers. He was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, and for gallant conduct at the siege of Yorktown, was ap- pointed by jMajor-General Joseph Hooker to a position on hisstafif as ordnance ofificer of the division of the Third Army Corps. As such he served all through the Penin- sular campaign, at the termination of which he was promoted to the position of major of his old regiment, which he commanded through the subsequent battles of Bristow, Second Bull Run and Chantilly. Still fur- ther military honors awaited him, for his valor and meritorious conduct won him the colonelcy of the One Hundred and Forty- fifth Regiment of New York Volunteers, his commission bearing date December 18, 1862, at which time he was not yet eighteen years of age. His brilliant military record is one of which he may well be proud, and it is to such men that the country owed her salvation in the dark days of civil war. When hostilities had ceased and the country no longer needed the support of her loyal sons on the field of battle. Colonel Price returned to his home and began his preparation for a life work. Predilection led him to the profession of the law as affording him the best field for the exercise of his peculiar talents and for the greatest advancement. He studied under the direc- tion of Joseph P. Bradley, who later won distinction as an associate justice of the United States supreme court, and zealously and earnestly applied himself to the mas- tery of the science of jurisprudence. In 1866 young men from all parts of New Jer- sey assembled at Trenton to take the exam- inations which would test their fitness for admission to the bar, and on the list of applicants for that year were Garret A. Hobart, now vice-president of the United States; Andrew Kirkpatrick, now a judge of the United States district court; Colonel E. L. Price and others who have gained enviable distinction at the bar and in the field of politics. Admitted to the bar as an attorney at law. Colonel Price at once located in New- ark and began practice. His success was marked and immediate. He soon rose to prominence and for over thirty years has maintained high rank among the ablest representatives of the profession in the state. \\'ith a strong power of analysis, a mind at once receptive and retentive, he quickly grasps all the points in a case and never loses sight of any assailable point in 284 ESSEX COUNTY. an opponent's argument. He has been connected with much of the important hti- gation in eastern New Jersey since his ad- mission to the bar and has a large and dis- tinctive cHentele. Colonel Price began his political career very early in life. He was not yet twenty- one years of age when, in 1865, he was elected to the lower branch of the state leg- islature, but before he took his seat in the general assemblv he had attained his majority. In 1867 he was re-elected and as a legislator he met the most sanguine hopes of his many friends and rendered a service which gave abundant evidence of his unusual ability in legislative affairs. He is the author of many measures now found upon the statute books of the state, in- cluding the law creating the board of street and water commissioners of Newark and Jersey City, and which made a wonderful and much needed change in that branch of the municipal government in large cities. The law has stood the tests of the courts and thus far its provisions stand unchanged by a single adverse decision. His broad knowledge of constitutional law made his services especially valuable, and he was regarded as one of the ablest members of the house. For many years Colonel Price has been an active worker and effective speaker on behalf of the Democratic party. He has been a member of the Essex county Democratic committee for many years, and served as its chairman most of the time. He is especially effective as an organizer and has led his party through many cam- paigns to victory. He is now chairman of the Democratic state committee and as such commands the confidence and respect of his associates. In the Newark municipal campaign of 1896, he took a very active part in securing the election of Hon. James J\I. Seymour to the mayoralty, and it was a fitting and de- serving reward that he was appointed to the important position of corporation counsel in May, 1896, and re-appointed to the same position by Mayor Seymour after his re-election in April, 1898, and since his first appointment Colonel Price has ac- ceptably served in that capacity; and his work has given abundant evidence of the wisdom of IMayor Seymour in calling him to the office. He has rendered many written and verbal opinions relating to the city affairs which have met with the full approval of the courts and lawyers, and has the commendation of almost the entire bar. Few successful and accomplished politicians are also thorough masters of the law and possessed of good legal minds; but Colonel Price is credited with not only being a lawyer of both abundant learning and acu- men, but also a politician of rare power and discrimination. He is possessed of a commanding and pleasing personal appear- ance, and always manifests courtesy and respect for those with whom he is brought in contact, whether they be high or humble, rich or poor. Easy of approach, possessed of a charitable and sympathetic nature and endowed with the distinctive characteris- tics of a gentleman, it is not a matter of wonder that Colonel Price enjoys the re- spect, esteem and full confidence of his fellow citizens. FRANCIS H. SIEGER, of Newark, is one of that city's retired mer- chants and has been actively identified with its business interests for a period extending over thirty years. He is a native of Ger- ESSEX COUNTY. 28^ many, having been born in Hanover, on the 14th of November, 1828, the son of Charles and Sophie (Zurede) Sieger, who, ahhough in humble circumstances, were a most respectable couple. The father was a harness-maker by occupation, and it was but natural that his son, as soon as he had finished his schooling, should apply himself to learning the same trade. He is the only surviving son and received his early mental discipline in the excellent public schools of his native countn,', attending the same until reaching the age of fourteen, when he was sent to Hamburg and there apprenticed to the harness-making, upholstering, paper- hanging and carriage-trimming trades, serving at them for five years. He then went into the country and followed his trade from 1847 to 1853, and then, having accu- mulated a small sum of money, he decided to seek his fortunes in the United States. Mr. Sieger left Germany with some rela- tives on the 1 8th of October, 1853, and em- barking on a sailing vessel they made the trip to New York by the 15th of the follow- ing December. Our subject stopped for a short time in Brooklyn, but being unable to find employment he came to Newark, and here secured work from Lang & Hoffman, on Broad street, the only German mer- chants in their line at that time in Newark. He oscillated between them and a firm in the harness business for about three years. In 1863 he opened a small place in a base- ment on Mulberry street, and the profits from his business enabled him, in three years, to purchase a building at the corner of Market and Beaver streets, where he did a large and profitable trade until 1891 , when he retired from active life, and is now en- joying the proceeds of a well spent, indus- trious career. The last enterprise in which he was engaged was as a retailer of carpets, furniture, oil-cloth, etc. At this writing he is a stockholder in the State Banking Com- pany. In his political affiliations he is a stanch supporter of the Democratic party. ^Ir. Sieger was united in marriage in 1853 to Miss Sophie Miller, while residing in Germany, and they had three children. Mrs. Sieger departed this life in 1888, and in the same year one of the sons died. They were survived but fi\'e years by the only daughter. The remaining son, Francis H., is a resident of Chicago, Illinois. The career of Mr. Sieger is an excellent example of what industry and perseverance, combined with business acumen and a de- termination to succeed, can accomplish. Coming to this country a stranger to its language and customs, without the influ- ence of friends or the prestige acquired by wealth, he steadily made his way to the front without pausing to rest, until he had se- cured a comfortable competence, which he is now enjoying, as well as the respect and consideration of a large number of friends. FERDINAND J. HOSP, president of the Newark Lithograph & Bank Note Company and a member of the board of aldermen, representing the thir- teenth ward, Newark, New Jersey, is a na- tive of this city and dates his birth, at No. 3 South Orange avenue, January 2, 1867. Mr. Hosp is of German descent, his par- ents, Charles and Matilda (Muller) Hosp, having both been born in Baden, Germany. Charles Hosp was the captain of a company during the revolution in the old country in 1848. and in consequence of that fact came to the United States in 1849, at the same time Schurz, Sigel and others came. Im- 286 ESSEX COUNTY. mediately upon his arrival in America he lo- cated at Newark, where he has ever since re- sided, he being now sixty-nine years of age and his wife sixty. By trade he is a watch- maker, and was one of the first watchmak- ers in Newark, where he was in business for many years, but is now retired. In his native city Ferdinand J. Hosp was reared, receiving his education in its Eng- lish and German schools. In 1885, while yet a boy in his 'teens, he went to New York city and entered upon an apprenticeship to the business of lithographing. He remained in New York, giving his close attention to that business, until 1890, when he returned to Newark and organized the Newark Lithograph & Bank Note Company, hav- ing for his partner Mr. Carl Groebe. Mr. Groebe died in February. 1897. In 1894 other partners were taken into the firm and the company was incorporated under the above name, Mr. Hosp at that time being elected its president and having retained the ofifice up to the present time. Mr. Hosp is a thoroughgoing, up-to- date business man, interested in all that per- tains to the welfare of NcAvark, and by his fellow citizens has been honored with of- ficial position of local importance. In tlie spring of 1896 he was elected a member of the i)oard of aldermen, to represent the thir- teenth ward, receiving this election at the hands of the Republican party, of which he is a stanch and enthusiastic member. In 1896 he served on the finance, police and printing committees, and this year, 1897, he is a member of the fire and license com- mittees. Mr. Hosp is also active and popular in social as well as political and business cir- cles. At this writing, and for seven years past, he has been president of the National Tunnerein, the largest society in New Jer- sey. May 24, 1892, Mr. Hosp was united in marriage to Miss Annie Hopple, of New- ark, daughter of Robert Hopple. They have had two children, Ferdinand R., who died when a year and a half old, and Edna \X., fourteen months old at this writing. JULIUS HAUSER. The time has come in the history of the world when the path of labor and usefulness is indicated as the highway to honor. Bi- ography has brought to the attention of mankind the fact that it is the men in the industrial and commercial pursuits of life to whom more largely is due the development and prosperity of town, county and state. Those distinguished in military service, statecraft, science or letters play an impor- tant part in the public life; l)ut it is now a recognized fact that the stability of a coun- try and its substantial growth is drawn from the citizens who are the workers in trade and agricultural circles. It is of this class that Mr. Hauser is a rep- resentative, and among the reliable and prominent contractors and builders of New- ark there is no one, perhaps, who is more highly rated than our subject. He was born in Sinkershausen, kreis Biedenkcipf, Hessen-Darmstadt, March 24, 1841, and is a son of Jacob and Catherine (Smith) Hau- ser. The father, born in 1805, died in 1872, and the mother passed away in 1874. Ju- lius Hauser was the second of their five children, and his educational training was in accordance with the laws of his native land, which provided that each child should at- tend school between the ages of eight and fourteen years. On reaching the latter age he was apprenticed to a carpenter and ESSEX COUNTY. ZO/ served a full term of seven years, after which he was obliged to enter the military service of his native land. Upon being dis- charged from the army he resumed his work as a carpenter, and soon afterward was in- duced by his stepbrother to leave the father- land and seek a home and fortune in America, Accordingly he crossed the At- lantic, sailing from Havre, France, and at length landed at pier 17, in New York, May 28,^1867. For nearly a year Mr. Hauser remained in the metropolis, and in the spring of 1868 came to Newark, where he entered the em- ploy of Tobias Wiedenmayer, a contractor. He continued his labors as a journeyman until the fall of i87i.\\hen, in company with his brother, Jacob Hauser, he began con- tracting on his own account. Their first contract after this partnership was formed was for a two-story residence on Magazine street for Mr. Rothfusz, and from this be- ginning their business steatlily increased. Their shop was first located at No. 2 Bow- ery, later at 75 Wall street, and in 1887, when the brothers dissolved partnership, our subject established his place of lousiness at Nos. 88 and 90 Alyea street, and his resi- dence at Nos. 99 and loi Hamburg place. Since his embarkation in business on his own account he has been prominently con- nected \\ith the building interests of the city, and has taken contracts for the erec- tion of some of the principal 1)uildings of Newark, including the ice and malt houses for the Hensler Brewery, Balentine's brew- ery, elevator and malt-house, the Third Ger- man Presbyterian church, the storage ice- house for the Krueger Hygeia Ice Com- pany and many residences whose architec- tural beauty attests his skill and ability in the builder's art. His hope of securing a home and com- petence in America has been more than re- alized, for prosperity has smiled upon his earnest efforts and he is now numbered among the substantial and highly respected citizens of Newark. Mr. Hauser has been twice married. On the 1 8th of June, 1868, he wedded Elizabeth Schaefer, daughter of John Schaefer, of Newark. She died December 10, 1894. leaving the following children: Lizzie, wife of Oscar Huberts; Julius, who married Tilda Clements: and Tinna. Mr. Hauser was again married August 6, 1895, his sec- ond union being with Mrs. Amelia Back- fisch, daughter of Max Geiger. Mr. Hauser belongs to the Master Car- penters' Association and was its first presi- dent. He is treasurer of the Security Building & Loan Association, and has been treasurer of the Twelfth Ward German and English school for a number of years. He belongs to the Concordia and Harmonia musical societies and his deep love of music has led him to do much toward promoting a taste for the "art divine" in the commu- nity in which he lives. His political sup- port is given the Democracy. He belongs to the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraterni- ties and the encampment of the latter order, and has been past master in the first named and past grand in the second or- ganization. CHARLES S. ORBEN, of Newark, is one of the well known and progressive carpenters and builders of this city, who has, in his brief career of a few years, earned an enviable reputation as a contractor, the thoroughness of his work and his conscientious adherence to all 288 ESSEX COUNTY. agreements that may be entered into, gain- ing and retaining for him the entire confi- dence and esteem of his fellow citizens. Mr. Orben was born in Milford, Pike connty, Pennsylvania, on the 26th of June, 1872, and is the son of Jacob and Elizaljcth (Strichler) Orben. The father is a native of Prussia, where his birth took place in 1828, and there he was reared and educated and spent the first years of his life.emigratingto the United States in 185 1, since which time he has made this country his home. iMrs. Orben was born in Pennsylvania in 1839, her demise taking place in 1896, at the age of fifty-eight years. She is survived by five sons and her husband. Charles S. Orben received his preliminary education in the public schools of his native city, supplementing his knowledge thus gained by a course in the academy at Mil- ford, from which he was later graduated. At the age of sixteen he came to Newark and at once began to learn the carpenter's trade under the direction of his brother, J. C. Orben, completing his term of appren- ticeship in the usual time, and then entered upon the active work of his calling, his first contract being for a building on Fairmont avenue. His ability and absolute reliance were in a short time recognized and he soon built up a large and ever increasing busi- ness, until to-day he is one of the leading contractors in Newark. Among the many architectural triumphs of which he has been the author, the following may be men- tioned: Five houses in Columbus Heights; the Memorial Church chapel; two resi- dences in Forest Hill; three in Vailsburg; four in South Orange; si.x in Orange; the Meyer Neumann residence in Newark, and those of C. E. Schmidt and Messrs. Stengel and Rothschild. Mr. Orben is a member of the Builders' Exchange, the Mutual Provident Insurance Company, of Jersey City, and he is identi- fied with the West End and the People's Building and Loan Associations. In his political faith he is a stanch Repub- lican and is rather active in public affairs of a local nature. Socially he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. The marriage of Mr. Orben was cele- brated on the 1 8th of December, 1895, when he was united to Miss Mabel Schales, daughter of William Schales, a representa- tive of an old family of Newark. Mr. and Mrs. Orben have a large circle of friends in their home city and are by them held in the highest esteem. FREDERICK BERG, a prominent hat manufacturer of Orange, has by his energy, perseverance and indom- itable force of character achieved a reputa- tion that entitles him to rank among the leading manufacturers of this section of the country, and his position is due alone to his keen foresight and honesty of purpose, while it demonstrates to the young what can be accomplished by untiring energy and attention to business. His success has been truly wonderful, and due alone to his indi- vidual efforts. One of the most active of men, never idle, and keeping his wealth in motion for the interest of the city in which he lives, his name in commercial circles is a tower of strength, and with him there is no such word as "fail" in anything he under- takes. He commands the esteem of all who know him and Orange numbers him among her most valued citizens. o^.^e^ ^/^ ESSEX COUNTY. 289 Mr. Berg was born in Aleberau, in the province of Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, on the 1st of March, 1834, and is a son of George and Frederica (Hill) Berg. Both his paternal and maternal grandparents were natives of the province of Hesse- Darmstadt. His maternal grandfather, Mr. Hill, was a man of considerable intelligence and learning, and for many years a school teacher in the town of Meberau. Rebecca Berg, a sister of our subject, was the first of the family to come to America. Cross- ing the Atlantic about 1841 (after a tedious voyage of sixty-three days), she located in New Orleans, where she died a short time after her arrival. The father, who was the eldest of a family of seventeen children, spent his entire life in his native land, en- gaged in agricultural pursuits. In his fam- ily were the following children : Lizzie, who married and had a family of children, two of whom still survive, viz. : George and Mar- garetta — -she died at the age of eighty-one years; Rebecca, who married and came to America, settling in New Orleans, Louis- iana, where she died : ]\Iargaretta, who mar- ried and resides in her native land; George, who married and spent his life in his native land, dying in the autumn of 1897, aged seventy-six years; Catharine, who married and resides in the city of Hesse-Darmstadt; Maria, who came to America and married, and resides at Newark, New Jersey; Henry, who in 1852 left the city of Vienna, in Aus- tria, and came to America and has not been heard of by the family for a number of years; Phillip, who died in the city of Vienna, aged thirty-three years, and Fred- erick, the subject of this sketch. The last mentioned resided in the city of Dantzig, whence he sailed for America when twenty-three years of age. He was ii— 19 educated in the public schools of his native land and afterward learned the trade of a hatter in Vienna, Austria. Later he re- turned home and worked at his trade in the difYerent cities of Germany. In the autumn of 1856 he bade adieu to the father- land and sailed for America, taking up his residence in Orange, New Jersey, where he has since made his home. In 1864 he em- barked in the manufacture of hats, on a small scale, and his business has steadily increased in volume and importance. He has a splendidly equipped plant, employs an efficient corps of workmen and is ready to meet the demand of the public on short notice. His trade is extensive and profit- able, and the enterprise has been crowned with a high degree of success. In 1889 Mr. Berg established a coal and wood yard, which he still conducts. He is also a stock- holder in the Second National Bank of Orange, and is a prominent representative of the business interests of the city, his ef- forts not alone promoting his individual prosperity, but also adding to the material welfare of the community. Mr. Berg was married in Newark to Miss Anna Nickel, on the 8th of March, 1857, a daughter of Kidon Nickel, a native of Ba- varia. Nine children have been born to them: Anna, deceased; George, who died at the age of seven and a half years; Fred- erick; Emma, wife of William Nixon; Hen- ry; Charles, Amelia, wife of Paul Wood- ruff; Mary, who died in childhood, and Christian. Mr. Berg manifested his loyalty to his adopted land by entering the service of the Union army, enlisting in 1862 for nine months as a member of Company H, Twen- ty-sixth New Jersey Infantry. He partici- pated in the capture of Fredericksburg 290 ESSEX COUNTY. Heights. He has always been a RepubUcan in his political views and served as assess- ment commissioner for five years. He at- tends the Lutheran church and his wife the Roman Catholic church. They are widely known throughout Essex county and their circle of friends is' very extensive. Frederick Berg, Jr., the eldest son of Frederick and Anna Berg, and a member of the firm of F. Berg & Sons, hat manufac- turers, was born in Orange, on the 27th of December, i860. He is indebted to the public schools of the city for literary train- ing, wliich was supplemented by a commer- cial course in Bryant & Stratton's Business College, of New'ark. He was thus well fit- ted to enter the firm of which he is an en- terprising, progressive member. Promi- nent in the Masonic fraternity, he has at- tained the thirty-second degree of the Scot- tish rite. He also belongs to the Newark Republican Club, which indicates his polit- ical affiliations, and he is a member of the New York Yacht Club. GEORGE D. DRAKE, the senior member of the firm of Drake & Company, of Newark, is pre-eminently a man of affairs, and it is now the men of "affairs" who prove the most important ele- ment in the substantial growth, develop- ment and prosperity of the community. Since attaining his majority his attention has been devoted almost exclusively to his business interest, following systematic plans, carefully executed and governed by enterprise and energy. These attributes of his successful business career are strongly marked in his character and have brought to him a success in keeping with the pro- gressive spirit of the age. He is now ex- tensively engaged in dealing in grain and feed, and the volume of his business insures him a liberal income. Mr. Drake is a representative of one of the ancient and influential families of East Jersey, and was born in Essex county April 4, 1845, ^ son of Elias W. Drake. He is indebted to the public schools of Irving- ton for his educational privileges, and in his father's grist mill he received his busi- ness training, spending his youth and early manhood in that establishment. In Au- gust, 1868, he commenced the milling busi- ness on his OW'U responsibility by taking charge of the milling property belonging to the family, at Irvington. For three years he continued its operation and then removed to Newark, where he was associated in business with his father, in Halsey street, through the succeeding three years. On the expiration of that period he bought out his father's in- terests and became sole proprietor, success- fully conducting the business until 1884, when he admitted his brother to a partner- ship in the business, under the firm name of G. D. & N. Drake. This connection was continued until 1892, when the character of the business was somewhat changed, and on the removal to Poinier street the present style of Drake & Company was assumed. The large business of this firm has grown from a small beginning, when operations were carried on entirely in the retail trade, but as the proprietors became known as men of integrity and straightforward busi- ness dealing, the volume of their trade grew rapidly, reaching out in all directions, even beyond the limits of Newark. The demand for the commodities which they handle be- came so great that in recent years, in order to meet the needs of large consumers of ESSEX COUNTY. 291 their stock, they have been forced to erect a new building, covering twelve lots and having a storage capacity of 100 carloads. The equipments of this storehouse for the handling of grain, etc., are so modern that it requires only a few minutes to unload a car of grain, whereas, under the old ar- rangement, the same work could not be performed short of many hours of tedious manual labor. The company buys exten- sively from western dealers and the volume of the business done during the year marks this as one of the strong and important en- terprises of Newark. Mr. Drake was married June 10, 1880, the lady of his choice being Miss Emma L. Taylor, a daughter of Oliver H. Taylor, a descendant of one of the old families of Irvington. He has had neither time nor inclination for politics, his attention being given entirely to his own business inter- ests, in which he has met with signal suc- cess. His interests are conducted with the strictest regard for the ethics of commer- cial life, and the firm of which he is the head has a most enviable reputation for relia- bility. MINARD A. KNAPP, one of the public-spirited citizens of New- ark, and a member of the board of alder- men from the tenth ward, was born in John- ston street, Newark, on the 4th of March, 1861, a son of Charles and Sarah (Hicks) Knapp. The youth of our subject was passed in his home city, where he received his literary education in the public schools, supplementing his knowledge thus gained by attending night school. Mr. Knapp began business on his, own responsibility as a newsboy on the old New Jersey Transportation Railroad Company (now the Pennsylvania line), and later en- tered the employ of McGregor & Company, dealers in clothes and other dry-goods, as an errand-boy, and by industry, ability and strict attention to business he worked his way up to the custom department, remain- ing with this firm for a period of ten years. On the 3d of August, 1881, he obtained a position on the Central Railroad of New Jersey as passenger brakeman, and on the 1 6th of May, 1888, he was promoted to the duties of passenger conductor, which in- cumbency he has since continued to occupy. Jie has charge of one of the best trains run- ning out of Newark, and in summer he is placed in command of one of the seashore trains. He is a member of the Order of Railroad Conductors, the National Provi- dence Union, the Mutual Benefit Associ- ation of Railroad Conductors and the Jeffer- son Club. Since attaining his majority Mr. Knapp has been deeply interested in public affairs. In the spring of 1896 he accepted the nom- ination for alderman from the tenth ward and was elected, ser\-ing during that year on the committee on poor and alms, the health board and the election board. In 1897 he was a member of the committees on poor and alms, printing and stationery, public schools, and was chairman of the license committee. LUCAS PETER. German immigration has furnished to America a substantial element in her citi- zenship. From the fatherland have come those who, adapting themselves to their new surroundings and conditions, have in- fused into the new American life the reso- 292 ESSEX COUNTY. lute purpose and undaunted energy of their countrymen, and have thus worked their way upward from humble stations to po- sitions of affluence and prominence. Of this class Mr. Peter is a representative. Coming to the New World without capital, he has achieved in his chosen calling a suc- cess which is indeed enviable and has won the regard of the many with whom his business and social relations have brought him in contact. Newark claims him among her representative men. Mr. Peter was born in Alsace, Germany, on the 1 6th of October, 1841, and is a son of Conrad Peter, a well-to-do farmer who was enabled to provide his son with good educational privileges. He was trained in both German and English, and when in his 'teens was apprenticed to a carpenter, com- pleting his term three years before his emi- gration to America. He applied himself diligently to his task and thus became an expert workman. Believing that the ad- vantages afforded young men engaged in mechanical pursuits were better in the New W^orld, and desirous of benefiting his finan- cial condition, he bade adieu to home and native land and sailed for the "land of the free." It was his hope to amass here a small fortune and then return with it to Germany, there to spend his declining years; but his intentions were changed through an ac- quaintance he formed, resulting in his mar- riage. Thus establishing a home in New Jersey, he has given up all thought of re- turning to Germany; and though he has a deep love for the land of his birth, Newark can name no more loyal or devoted citizen than Mr. Peter. He arrived in New York, October 20, 1866, with only six cents in his pocket. Having no acquaintances in Newark and no money with which to pay for a night's lodging, he slept in a baker shop, but this condition of things did not long continue, for he at once found work at his trade and has never since been idle, his ability always enabling him to secure employment. His surplus earnings were laid aside for the next three years, and in 1869 his work as a journeyman ceased, while he began con- tracting. He purchased property at Nos. 92-96 Niagara street, located his shop thereon and announced himself as ready to take contracts for the building of houses, bridges and other structures. He has since enjoyed a large and prosperous business, and the high school of St. Mary's on High street, the St. Benedict church and school, and many factories and business blocks in Newark are monuments to his skill in the building art. Mr. Peter is a member of the Boss Car- penters' Association. For many years he has been president of the school board of St. Benedict's parish school, takes much pride in aiding the young to acquire an education, and urges strongly the teaching of both German and English to the children of German parents. He is a member of the German societies of the city whose object is to instruct the young in the theory of music and the art of singing. On the 1 6th of May, 1869, Mr. Peter was married to Miss Caroline, daughter of James Giesler, and their children are Alfred, an architect of Newark, who married Ber- tha Schultz; Clara, wife of Christian Bos- sert ; Amanda, wife of Albert Holle, of New- ark; William, who is married; Bertha, Rich- ard and Adelia. This in brief is the life record of one who has made his own way in the world from an early age and has so lived as to secure a ESSEX COUNTY. 293 good financial return for his labors and en- terprise and at the same time win uniform confidence and regard by his honorable methods. OSCAR WIENER, an influential business man of Irvington, and proprietor of the Wiener Manufactur- ing Company, has been identified with the manufacturing interests of Essex county for more than forty years, which time covers a period of its phenomenal growth and great- est development. To be more accurate as to time, -Mr. Wiener began learning his trade in silver-plating with Albert Stackhouse in 1853. and, after completing his apprentice- ship, he was employed as a journeyman until 1859. In this latter year he became asso- ciated with his brother Simon in the old firm of Wiener & Company, manufacturers of saddlery hardware, and although their beginning was somewhat modest, this fact was counterbalanced by their advanced knowledge and skill in their line. They did not hesitate to make advances in im- provements and inventions, in anticipation of the public needs, and by this course they placed themselves in the lead and were awarded by public opinion the enviable place of manufacturers of the finest goods in the country. During the war this was the only firm making high-class material, and as a direct consequence its volume of business was greatly increased and its prof- its were necessarily satisfactor}-, which fact placed it upon a doubly sure and stable financial basis. Simon Wiener died in 1892, and in the following year his estate pur- chased the interest of our subject, who then proceeded to erect his plant at Irvington, taking with him into partnership the follow- ing three sons: Dr. William, Bernard and Leo, and these four form the present com- pany. Oscar W'iener was born in Prussia on the I2th of March, 1841, and is a son of Gabriel H. and Amelia (Woolstein) Wiener, the father being a silver-plater in the old coun- try, who came to the United States in 1845, followed two years later by his family. He was a quiet, unassuming mechanic, possess- ing no ambition beyond the employment which gave him his livelihood, in which re- spect he differed from his sons, who were ambitious to become not only efficient mechanics, but also to come into competi- tion in the world of trade with the product of their own factory and to be leaders, in- stead of imitators. The father died in 1892, at the advanced age of eighty years. The business education of our subject comes more from long experience in the marts of trade than from familiarity with text-books in school, but that he appre- ciates a higher education is shown by the fact that he has spared no expense in the proper training of his children for business or for professional life, as their tastes indi- cated. On the nth of April. x866, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Frank, of New York, and their eldest son. Dr. Wil- liam Wiener, who is a graduate of Columbia College, with the degrees of Master of Arts, Bachelor of Arts and Doctor of Physics, is a noted chemist of this city, and holds a .position in the Newark high school, where his acquirements are called into application. The other sons. Bernard. Leo anil Edgar, are well fitted for their work as manufac- turers; and the daughters. Miriam. Emma, Rosalind, Beatrice, Florence and Irene have all taken advanced work in the city 294 ESSEX COUNTY. schools, two of them being graduates of the high school. In the matter of fraternities ^Ir. \\'iener has shown an exceptional fondness. His na- ture is in full accord with human sympathy and brotherly love, and his etTorts in behalf of the many societies of which he is a mem- ber, have been appreciated and partially re- warded by his being placed in many respon- sible positions in the lodges. At the age of twenty-one he became afifiliated with Diog- enes Lodge, Free and Accepted ^lasons, the Columbia Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Tabor Lodge, Independ- ent Order of B'nai B'rith. Since then he has joined the Knights of Honor, Knights and Ladies of Honor, Royal Arcanum, Im- proved Order of Heptasophs, Fraternal Le- gion, Knights of Pythias, Golden Star Fra- ternity and the Foresters. He has been honored with official preferment in several of these bodies, and has been past supreme protector of the Knights and Ladies of Honor, being for the past fifteen years grand protector of that order for the state of New Jersey. He is past grand dictator of the Knights of Honor, past chief patri- arch of the Encampment of Odd Fellows, past senior warden of his Masonic lodge, is supreme moderator of the Golden Star Fra- ternity, and has held many prominent posi- tions in numerous other kindred orders. Mr. Wiener's business career has been distinguished for its enlightened conserva- tive methods. His progressive nature has kept his factory apace with all the require- ments of the onward and upward tendency of the age, and his wise judgment has pre- served that equipoise essential to- the con- ducting of a profitable business. He main- tains a friendly and sympathetic attitude toward his competitors for legitimate busi- ness, and he is characterized as the soul of honor in all his transactions. His name is a synonym for honesty, industry and integ- rity, and will lose none of its luster when left in the care of those whom he has trained to succeed him. WILLIAM R. BROUGHTON. The tendency of the present age is to- ward specializing, and in this manner a much higher degree of perfection is at- tainable than would otherwise be reached. No longer are one's energies dissipated over a broad field of labor, but are concen- trated upon one particular department, thus bringing a combined force whose accom- plishment is ofttimes marvelous. In no pro- fession have such rapid strides been made in the last quarter of a century as in the medical. Original investigation has solved many of the mysteries of practical import- ance and flashed the clear light of modern research upon paths that were before dark and invisible. Among the leaders of thought in the medical world is Dr. Broughton, an oculist whose skill has gained him an eminent place among the specialists in his line. While making his home in Bloomfield, he has an office both in this city and in New York, where he is associated with Dr. Ambrose L. Ranney. Dr. Broughton was born in New York city, November 3. 1866, and is a son of John G. and Eliza (Gray) Broughton. On the paternal side he is of English descent, the great-grandfather having come from the "merrie isle'' to this country at an early day. The grandfather was Nicholson Broughton, one of the early settlers of Marblehead. Massachusetts. John G. Broughton, his son, was born in Marble- WILLIAM R. BROUGHTOH. ESSEX COUNTY. 295 head, in 1835, was educated at the Boston Latin School, and when a young man re- moved to New York city, where he en- gaged in business as a book-publisher. He was also for a number of years connected with the American Board of Foreign ^fis- sions. He took up his residence in Bloom- field in 1868, and made his home there until his death, which occurred in 1S94. He took a very prominent part in Christian work and was an active and influential member of the First Presbyterian church, in which he served as elder for twenty-four years and as clerk of the session for a period of fifteen years. He was ever charitable and benevolent, and the poor and needy found in him a true friend. His wife still survives him and yet occupies the old homestead. Dr. Broughton, of this review, has spent the greater part of his life in Bloomfield, en- tered its public schools when he had ar- rived at the proper age, and in 1883 was graduated at the high school. He then matriculated in Williams College, where he was graduated in 1887, and thus, with an excellent literary knowledge to serve as a foundation, he entered upon the study of medicine in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Columbia College. New York. He there pursued the regular course and was graduated in 1890 with the degree of M. D. In 1887 he associated himself with Dr. Ambrose L. Ranney, of New York, a noted oculist, and has since mafle a spe- cialty of that department of medicine. Tlieir office is located at No. 345 Madison avenue, New York. The large number of their patrons shows that they have gained the public confidence by their skill and ability. The office in Bloomfield is a handsomely appointed suite of rooms, fitted up with the most improved electrical appliances known to the profession. The Doctor is well es- tablished in his business, and his love for his calling causes him to continue his study and investigation, .thus continually advancing farther toward perfection and being better prepared for the delicate work entrusted to his care. On October 20, 1897, Dr. Broughton was married to Miss Jeanie Brittan Morris, of Bloomfield, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Crowell Morris. GUISEPPE CIARAMELLI, M. D. Though the sunny peninsula of Italy has sent to America but few citizens in com- parison with other nations, it gave to the world the discoverer of this land, and many of those who have since crossed the Atlan- tic have become distinguished in the prom- inent walks of life. Among this number is the Doctor, now a successful practitioner of Newark. He was born in the pretty little town of Afragola, near Naples, on the loth of July, 1855, and was provided with excel- lent educational privileges. After attend- ing the lyceum he served as a soldier in the Italian army for three years, and upon leav- ing the military service entered the Uni- versity of Naples, where he studied medi- cine and surgery, obtaining his diploma from that institution in 1884. Dr. Ciaramelli engaged in the practice of his profession in Naples and the surround- ing district until August, 1896, when, at- tracted by information he had received in regard to the United States and the oppor- tunities here afforded, he determined if pos- sible to broaden his field of labor, and left his home in Naples for the New World. Crossing the Atlantic he spent a few days in New York city and then came to New- 296 ESSEX COUNTY. ark, locating permanently in this city. He has since engaged in the practice of his pro- fession, meeting with gratifying success. His patronage is large and lucrative and in- dicates his skill and ability. \\'hen he came to Newark he had no knowledge of the Eng- lish language, but within seven months he passed the medical examination in New York, answering all the questions in Eng- lish, and was licensed to practice in that state on the 14th of June, 1897. On the nth of August of the same j^ear he was licensed to practice in New Jersey. There is no profession calling for more heroic service and personal self-sacrifice than the medical, and the certificates which Dr. Ciaramelli has in his possession indicate that in times of danger he has ever been found true and faithful. The soldier who goes forth to battle is inspired by the strains of martial music, by the inspiration of num- bers and the rattle of artillery, but the phy- sician goes forth often in the silent watches of the night to fight alone the grim messen- ger, death, upheld only by a sense of duty and his own humanitarian wish to relieve the suffering of a fellow creature. On the 31st of December, 1885, Dr. Ciaramelli re- ceived a certificate and bronze medal from Minister Depretes, secretary of state for the Italian government, in recognition of his professional services in the province of Na- ples during the cholera epidemic of 1884. On the 24th of June; 1888, he received a certificate from the minister of puljjic health, by direction of the minister of the interior of the Italian government, in com- memoration of his professional services dur- ing the cholera epidemic in the province of Lecce, Italy, in 1886. Such testimonials are highly to be prized and plainly indicate the character of the Doctor, who considers no personal interest when the needs of suft'ering humanity appeal to him. Dr. Ciaramelli was united in marriage in Naples, March 19, 1890, to Miss Julia Gau- diosa, and although their residence in New- ark covers but a short period they have al- ready won many friends, b}' whom they are highlv esteemed. CAPT. HIRAM COOK, of Verona, is one of the loyal sons of the country, who, in the dark days of the civil war, off'ered his services to his country and braved danger and death in his eft'orts to preserve the Union. For two years he valiantly followed the old flag, and in the midst of civil life he has manifested the same loyalty to his duties of citizenship. Captain Cook was born in Hanover, Morris county. New Jersey, on the 15th of April, 1827, descending from good old Revolutionary ancestry. His grandfather Cook, and his great-grandfather, Colonel Ellis Cook, a native of Ireland, were both ])atriots in the war for independence, and the latter had a son, who fell in battle dur- ing the French and Indian war. John Bed- ford, also a great-grandfather of our sub- ject, enlisted in the American army and aided in the overthrow of British tyranny on American soil. Benjamin Cook, the father of our subject, was born on the old Cook homestead in Morris county, in 1793, and, no less loyal than his ancestors, served his country in the war of 181 2. He passed his life as a cabinet-maker and undertaker at Hano\er, where he died in 1885. He married Celia Lacy, daughter of George Lacy, who was also a Revolutionary soldier. Her death occurred in 1870. Their chil- dren were as follows: Captain Hiram, An- ESSEX COUNTY. 297 drew ].. who was a member of the Fifth New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, and died from woinids received in battle; Edward, who was one of the "boys in blue" of the Tenth Xew Jersey \'olunteers, and died in the service immediately after the battle of the W'ildeniess; Luther, who was a lieu- tenant in a New York regiment, and died in captivity in Andersonville prison; James, of Morris county; Isabel, wife of Vozef Sayers, of Springfield, New Jersey; and Gertrude, who became the wife of a ]Mr. Doty, and they are both deceased. The father of this family was twice married, and by the first union had a son, W'illiam, who entered the army with a regiment from \'er- milion county, Illinois, and died in the service. Captain Cook, whose name introduces this article, spent his early boyhood days on the home farm, but at the age of scA-enteen left the parental roof and began learning the carpenter's trade under the direction of Jabez Cook, of Newark. After completing his apprenticeship, he engaged in contract work for three or four years in that city. At. length he was induced to remove to Verona in the belief that the locality offered exceptional inducements for investors and especially to men of progressive, enterpris- ing ideas as well as means. Accordingly he purchased a tract of land of sixty acres, laid it off into lots and began its improvement, by the erection of pleasant residences there- on. He has been identified with real-estate speculation in Verona for the past thirty years, and his judicious investments, keen foresight and sound judgment have so en- abled him to conduct hisbusiness as to make it very profitable and satisfactory. He has been identified with every movement toward securing a locomotive railroad and providing other means of rapid transit, and his efforts in behalf of the town have proven most beneficial. His dealings are con- ducted with the strictest regard to the ethics of commercial life, and his honesty and fair- ness in all trade transactions have won the unqualified confidence of the public. His energy, resolute purpose and indefatigable labor are the factors that have contributed most largely to his success and made him one of the substantial citizens of the com- munity. Captain Cook was married in 1850 to Miss Esther Brown, who died in 1868, leav- ing the following-named children: George, now a contractor in the Oranges; Dr. \\'i\- ber. who is supervisor of the insane asylum in Middletown. New York; and Elwood, a plumber and gas-fitter of Ne\vark. For his second wife the Captain chose IMiss Mary J. ]\Iills. daughter of John Mills, and this union has been blessed with four children: Floreta. Edna, Benjamin and Celia. Coming of a family whose patriotism has been tried on many a sanguinary battle- field, it is not strange that our subject was found among the lo^-al defenders of his country when the hydra-headed monster, rebellion, threatened to crush the nation. In the first year of the war he responded to the president's call for troops, enlisting as a member of Company D, Fifth New Jersey Infantry. He entered the service as a pri- vate, but was detailed as engineer on the stafT of General Hooker, being engaged in the building of roads, pontoons, bridges and docks, and keeping open a way of communi- cation with the rear of the army. His duties exposed him to the dangerous fire of the enemy many times, and on one occasion the flesh from his leg and ankle was carried away by a shell, this wound forcing his re- 298 ESSEX COUNTY. tirement from the service in 1863. He is now a member of Bartlet Post, G. A. R., and has served as Commander. His business record is one of honesty, his militarj- record one of marked fideh'ty, and the record of his pubhc service is one of devotion to the best interests of the com- munitv with which he is connected. RUFUS F. HARRISON. Commencing with the first American an- cestors of this prominent and highly re- spected citizen of Roseland, we may state that Sergeant Richard Harrison came from England about the year 1650, first setthng at Branford, but in 1666 removing to New- ark, New Jersey. Joseph, a grandson and a son of Joseph (ist), moved to Orange, New Jersey, and had many sons and daughters, of whom Joseph (3d) settled in Livingston and became an extensive land-owner some time previous to the Revolutionary war with Great Britain, and he was in the thick- est of the fight at Springfield. He became an elder in the Caldwell Presbyterian church in 1784, and previous to that had been a member of a committee to provide a house of worship for the society. His chil- dren were Demas, Rufus, Samuel, Jared; Tamar, wife of Aaron Dodd: Abby, wife of Bethuel Crane; and Joanna, — all by his first wife: and by his second wife, nee Duran, his children were Joseph: Han-ey: Phoebe, wife of Henry S. Harrison; Rhoda, the wife of Henry Beach; Rufus, who married Phoebe Williams, daughter of Enos Wil- liams. His children were Demas, who mar- ried Dorcas Crane; Mary, who married Ze- nos C. Crane; and Rufus F.. the subject of this sketch. He had also other children who died when young, leaving no issue. Rufus was a prominent man in the town- ship, having served many years as magis- trate and as chosen freeholder, and held other town offices, besides being an elder of the Presbyterian church at Caldwell. He died in 1849. i" his sixty-ninth year. Rufus F. Harrison, whose name heads this biographical outline, was born in the year 1818, in South Caldwell, afterward known as Centerville, but lately as Rose- land. He inherited the homestead property, and in early life devoted himself actively to agricultural pursuits. He was naturally a leader in his section, was a thoughtful reader of current political literature, and with an active mind and taste for debate he was soon regarded by his political fraternity as a proper individual to represent his section in the county board of freeholders. He was elected to this position for several terms of sers'ice. During thirty years of his life he was the leading magistrate in the township of Livingston, and the legal business of his section was intrusted to his care and judg- ment with implicit confidence. When the war of the Rebellion began, Air. Harrison illustrated in his bearing and counsel the value of individual patriotism, being on the side of the L'nion with all the fervor of his soul. He counseled his neigh- bors and kept the flame of love of the gov- ernment glowing in his village. Roseland gave many brave men to the Union army, but not one was braver or was more dearly loved than Mr. Harrison's son, George R. Harrison, who was killed during the san- guinary battle of Antietam. In 1863 Mr. Harrison was elected a mem- ber of the assembly, where he participated in the debates and won honorable distinc- tion for his sound judgment and ability as a legislator. He vigorously and successfully (Z^u^ >/^. CUlrVL^lTU) ESSEX COUNTY. 299 opposed the setting off of Essex county from the city of Newark when that measure had influential support from the Oranges and from nearly all the townships in the county. In 1864 he was re-elected and dur- ing his last term of service it was his privi- lege and honor to record his vote in favor of the adoption of the thirteenth amend- ment to the federal constitution, which for- ever forbids any form of slavery within the domain of the United States. In advocacy of the adoption of this amendment, Mr. Harrison's speech was a most creditable ef- fort, revealing not only the strength of his love for freedom and union, but also the clear, strong grasp of principles in conform- ity to which his convictions had been nur- tured and matured. January 26, 1864, Mr. Harrison present- ed the following resolution: "Resolved, the senate concurring, that so much of Gov- ernor Parker's message as relates to the bat- tlefield of Antietam be referred to the com- mittee on federal relations, and that said committee be instructed to report what ac- tion is necessar\' for carrrying into effect His Excellency's suggestion of erecting a suitable monument to the memory of the heroic dead of New Jersey who fell on that sanguinary field." This resolution was adopted. The New Jersev monument on the field of Antietam thus had Mr. Harri- son as its first advocate in the New Jersey legislature. In 1872 he was appointed lay judge in the Essex county court of common pleas, and held this office until 1877. His record as an associate justice was in keeping with the work of his life. He was thoughtful, consid- erate and correct in his disposition of the details of judicial duties which were referred to him. ]\Ir. Harrison has always been a friend of the public-school system, and held the of- fice of school trustee in the Roseland dis- trict during forty-one years of his life. He was also assistant revenue collector, suc- ceeding Andrew Teed in the year 1870, when the latter was elected sheriff of Essex count}'. In connection with his sons, he conducted a general store in Roseland from 1866 to 1877. In politics ]\Ir. Harrison was first a Whig and afterward a Republican, from the time of the organization of the latter party. In religion he has ever been a consistent mem- ber of the Presbyterian church. His home has always been a center of interest among the Livingstonians, many of whom felt that their conclusions as to the public affairs were incomplete without the strengthening touch of his coinciding views; and during the seasons of important local or political interest his sitting-room has been occupied of evenings by his friends and neighbors, and their pleasant sessions whiled away the hours agreeably and profitably. As a neigh- bor and friend he has made an impress that will bear pleasant memories. February 17, 1841, Mr. Harrison married Miss Harriet Matilda Williams. Their sons, William H., Amos W., Frederick A. and George R., are all actively engaged in busi- ness pursuits; and their daughter. Mara- belle, now Mrs. Canfield, resides at Clinton. These are all that are now left of the family. Mrs. Harrison died several years since. George R., whose living namesake w-as born at the close of the war of the Rebellion, and named in honor of this son who fell in bat- tle, and also Joseph and Clara, have long been with the silent dead. Mr. Harrison is passing a quiet and se- rene old age at his home in Roseland. He 300 ESSEX COUNTY. sold the Harrison homestead in 1890 and gives his attention to a small section of real estate in the village. He has a wide circle of friends. Though no longer in active po- litical affairs or in local office, his interest shows no abatement ; he reads the news with his usual ardor, keeping abreast with the times. He is and always has been a trusted friend, and is as wise in counsel as during the more active period of his life. CHARLES WEIGAND, a member of the Newark board of alder- men, representing the fifth ward, and one of the representative business men of New- ark, dates his nativity in New York city, January 29, i860. He comes of German parents and has in his make-up the sterling- characteristics of the German-American cit- izen. His parents. John and Anna (Wolz) Weigand, came to this country from Ger- many in early life previous to their mar- riage, and for many years resided in New York city, where he was employed at his trade, that of baker. He died in 1872. His widow is now a resident of Brooklvn, New York. In New York city the subject of our sketch was reared, receiving his early train- ing in the grammar school on Forty-second street, near Third avenue. On leaving school he learned the butcher business, which he followed in New York and Brook- lyn until 1878, when he came to Newark and engaged in the meat-market business with his uncle, Charles Wolz, and they were together about eighteen months. Then the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Weigand established a business in his own name, which he continued until May 5, 1896. Up to that date he conducted a general meat market, and since May, that year, he has been conducting a wholesale and retail fish business at No. 92 Park place. Mr. Weigand was married in 1887 to Miss Mary Buehler, of Newark, and they have had three sons and one daughter, namely: Harry F. and Charles, Jr., in busi- ness with their father; Frederick, deceased, and Mildred S. Mr. Weigand has always taken a com- mendable interest in local aff'airs. and as a fitting recognition of the same he was, in the spring of 1896, elected to represent the fifth ward in the Newark board of alder- men. That year he served on the following committees: Printing and stationery, rail- road franchises and licenses. The present year, 1897, he is chairman of the printing and stationery committee, and a member of the committee on finances. Socially, he is identified with the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the Knights of Honor. GREGORY ARMBRUSTER, a retired farmer and a representative citizen of Vailsburg, is the son of Jacob Arm- bruster, a descendant of one of the oldest German families in Essex county, and was born on his father's farm in the same neigh- borhood where his grandfather, also named Jacob Armbruster, first settled when he came to New Jersey, about the year 1824. The father of our subject was born in Baden, Germany, in 1808, and after coming to this country he located on a small farm on South Orange avenue,in 1853, ^""^ there passed the remainder of his life, in the en- joyment of that competency that labor and econoni}- had achie\-ed for him. He was united in marriage to Miss Barbara Harth, who died in 1879. His death occurred in ESSEX COUNTY. 301 1878. The following children were born to them: George, Gregory, Antoine, Louie, deceased, Mary, the wife of George Baur, of Irvington, and Matthias. A stepson, Joseph Armbruster, is also a resident of Newark. The Armbnisters were well represented in the federal army during the late civil war, Joseph being a member of the Thirt\--first New York Volunteer Regiment; George, of the Twenty-ninth New Jersey Volunteer Infantry; Antoine, of the Thirty-fifth, and Gregory, young as he was, served nearly a year in the Thirty-ninth regiment, which was stationed around Petersburg, Virginia, where it was under fire nearly all winter, taking part in numerous skirmishes. Gregory Armbruster was born on the 13th of April, 1848, and, like his worthy an- cestors, he made farming his life's vocation. After the sale of the old homestead, he se- cured a valuable piece of property in Vails- burg, which he improved extensively, and on it he erected his present home, the hand- somest in the city, and there he has lived, retired from the active labors of life, for the past ten years, enjoying the fruits of his early toil. Mr. Armbruster was first married in 1880, to Miss Ann Bauerlein, who died in 1889, leaving the following children; Cecilia Ruth, Anna May, Marguerite Loretta, Agnes and Arthur, the two latter being de- ceased. The second marriage of Mr. Arm- bruster was solemnized on tlie 7th of June, 1894, when he was united to Miss Joseph- ine Magdalene Beck, a daughter of John H. and Josephine M. (Krumiech) Beck, the former of whom came to Newark from Wurtemberg, Germany. The other chil- dren of this couple are; Charles F., John H., George W. and Selma C. Mr. and Mrs. Armbruster have an infant daughter, whom they have named Lula Justina. JOSEPH STEVENS, who is engaged in the manufacture of stained glass in Orange, was born in the city which is still his home, on the 3d of June, 1861, and is a son of James and Mary (Humphrey) Stevens. Both the paternal and maternal ancestors were of English ex- traction, and John Stevens, the grandfather of our subject, was the first of the family to come to America. He located in Orange at an early day and for many years carried on the dairy business with marked success. He died in Orange in 1868. His wife bore the maiden name of Sarah Phelps, and to them were born six children, namely: James, William, Joseph; Mary, afterward Mrs. Wood; Ann, wife of William Thomas, a resident of Orange; and Eliza, who be- came the wife of John Lee. Of this family William and Ann are the only ones now liv- ing. James Stevens was born in England and was there reared to manhood and educated. He came to America about 1850 and spent the greater part of his remaining days in Orange, but lived for about ten years in Michigan. He was a house painter by trade, and at one time was at the head of the most extensive business in that line in Orange. On account of failing health he remo\ed to a farm in South Jersey, where he died. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens had twelve children: Henry, deceased; James, who makes his home in East Orange; John P., born in Orange, and now deceased; Re- becca, born also in Orange, and has also passed away; William, born in Orange, is still making this the place of his residence; 305 ESSEX COUNTY. Sarah R., born in Orange, is now the wife of Raphael Prineveau, a resident of West Orange; Thomas L., born in Michigan, is now deceased; Mary E., born in Michigan, is a resident of Newark; Joseph is the next of the family; Emma, born in Orange, has departed this life; Emily M., born in Orange; and Lavinia A., born in Orange, and is deceased. Joseph Stevens, whose name introduces this review, was educated in the public schools of his native city, and on completing his education, returned to the homestead, where he assisted in its cultivation through the succeeding five years. While still a youth he worked at the butcher's trade, and in early manhood learned the trade of glass- stainer, which he has followed continuously since, working in the employ of others for some time and then embarking in busi- ness on his own account, about eight years ago. His trade has steadily increased, as his reputation for reliability and workman- ship has become known. He does most ar- tistic work, thus giving excellent satisfac- tion to his patrons, and his enterprise, capa- ble management and honorable dealing in- sure him a continuance of a profitable busi- ness. Mr. Stevens has been twice married. First he was joined in wedlock to Miss Emma L. Plummer, a daughter of Harris H. and EHzabeth Plummer, the ceremony being performed at Addison Point. Mrs. Stevens died September 29, 1895, and Mr. Stevens was again married January 29, 1897, his second union being celebrated in Orange, New Jersey, when Mrs. Ellen Smith Winchell, widow of Albert Winchell, became his wife. Mr. Stevens is independent in his political views; is a member of LaFayette Lodge, No. 12, I. O. O. F., of Orange, and attends the Hillside Presbyterian church. Those who know him esteem him highly for the possession of many admirable qualities, and he is a popular citizen and reliable business man. AUGUST GOERTZ. One of the distinct branches of the manu- facturing industry of Newark is that de- voted to the production of satchel frames, purse and pocketbook frames and fancy metal goods. It is important because of the employment it furnishes to an army of working people and because of the prestige its large volume of business gives to the city as a manufacturing center. Such enter- prises are the result of many years of growth, having, in their incipiency, been scarcely more than mere workshops oper- ated by venturesome though skilled mechanics with little capital but their labor. Such, in a measure, is the history of the important bag and satchel frame factor)- of August Goertz & Company, on Morris ave- nue. The head of this firm was, thirty years ago, a young mechanic just from his native Germany, in the employ of Wichel- haus & Roth, manufacturers of saddlery hardware. He remained with that firm three years, going thence to R. Neumann & Company, manufacturers of bag and satchel frames. Here he became a trusted employe and continued for a period of twelve years, during which time he had ac- quired experience and means sufficient to justify him in arranging a partnership and engaging in business for himself. His part- ners were Edward Wester and Edward Knecht, the latter being now deceased, and the firm name adopted was the one now so ESSEX COUNTY. 303 well known and popular, August Goertz & Company. Their first factory was located at No. 37 Railroad avenue, but the growth of their business forced them to seek more commodious quarters, and in 1S84 their present plant was occupied, the output of W'hich is, so far as its own interests are con- cerned, for domestic consumption. It is the leading firm in the line of its product in the city, made and maintained so by the admir- able tact and inventive turn of its worthy head, Mr. Goertz himself, who holds patents covering numerous inventions and im- provements, the product of his own brain, that enable him to enter into competition with other firms with great success. August Goertz was born in Solingen. Rhine Province, on the 23d of September, 1846, and is the son of Frederick and Fred- erica (Storsberg) Goertz. tlie former of whom was a cutlery manufacturer, and it was from him that our subject learned his trade. The mother died in 1848, and the father here in Newark in 1891. Mr. Goertz is the only surviving member of the family. He arrived in New York from Germany on on the 22d of May, 1867, having been in- duced to come to this country by some friends of his father, and he had no difficulty in finding employment upon his arrival. He had the advantage of some of his coun- trymen in that he was their superior in in- telligence and was able to speak the Eng- lish language from the start. His frugality was exceeded only by his industry, and out of his wages came the nucleus of the com- petency he now possesses. The first marriage of Mr. Goertz was in 1873, when he was united to Miss Catharine Larouette, a young lady of French parent- age, and she died on the 30th of April, 1890, leaving three children — Freda, Paula and Freddie. His second marrige was solem- nized on the 2d of June, 1891. His wife, for- merly Mrs. Minnie Noll, was a daughter of Mr. Dietz, of Newark, and two children have resulted from this union — Walter and Herbert. Although Mr. Goertz does not neglect his business, he de\'otes some time and at- tention to the many German societies of which he is a member, and is a liberal pa- tron to their benefits and enjo3-s their confi- dence and esteem to a high degree. He is treasurer of the Improved Building and Loan Association, and is a director in the Phoenix Building and Loan Association. HARRY E. MATTHEWS, M. D., a wide-awake, enterprising young ph)si- cian, who has already won distinction in his profession, and before whom there undoubt- edly lies a successful future, was born in Orange, on the i8th of July. 1866, and is a son of John H. and Louisa C. (Smith) Matthews. His education was acquired in the public schools of his native town, and in 1885 he entered the medical department of Columbia College, where he was grad- uated with the class of 1888. His course was thorough and comprehensive, and thus well equipped for his chosen calling, he at once began the practice of his chosen pro- fession in Orange, where he has built up a large and rapidly increasing business. He rapidly won his way to public favor as he gave evidence of the possession of superior ability in his line, and he now maintains a place among the leading practitioners of his native city. His time and attention are almost ex- clusively given to his profession, of which he is a close and earnest student, doing all 304 ESSEX COUNTY. in his power to perfect himself in his chosen work. He is a member of the Orange Moun- tain iMedical Society, the Essex County Aledical Society and is a fellow of the New York Medical Academy of Medicine. He is assistant pathologist of Orange Memorial Hospital and also assistant pathologist of the Orange board of health, and for two years served as health officer of Orange. His political support is given the men and measures of the Republican party. The Doctor was married in Bermuda, West Indies, on the 30th of November, 1890, the lady of his choice being Miss Katie S. Peniston, who was born in Ber- muda, of the West Indies, and is a daugh- ter of William S. and Elizabeth (Outer- bridge) Peniston, of the same place. The Doctor and his wife attend All Saints' church, Protestant Episcopal, of Orange, and in social circles they are highly esteemed. AMOS W. HARRISON was born in Roseland, Essex county. New Jersey, April 2, 1846, .and is a son of Judge Rufus F. Harrison. He was born and brought up on his father's farm, and at the age of twenty years began his business life as a clerk in the village store in Roseland, his father's brother being the proprietor. Seven years later he commenced business in his own name, at Livingston, building up a large and successful trade in groceries, hard- ware, fertilizers and agricultural imple- ments and machinery, besides conducting a large business in real estate, insurance and auctioneering. Mr. Harrison has always been prominent in the public life of his section. In 1875 he succeeded the late ex-Sherifif Andrew Teed as postmaster, a position which he has ever since held, during a period of twenty-three years. From 1869 to 1876 he served as col- lector of taxes in his township. Always a stanch Republican, Mr. Harrison has worked earnestly for the advancement of his party. In 1894 he was elected a member of the assembly of the New Jersey state leg- islature, wherein he served upon the com- mittee on agriculture. Coming from a rural section of Essex county, he was able to se- cure the passage of bills beneficial to the farmers. He believes in stone roads, and succeeded in getting the first stone road built in northern New Jersey, under the state-road act of 1891, by the provisions of which the state pays one-third of the cost. He w^as re-elected to the same office in 1895, and was made chairman of the committee on towns and townships, and also served on other important committees. Mr. Harrison was married in 1879 to Miss Sara C, daughter of Ira H. Condit, of Rose- land. Rufus Freeman, now aged eleven years, is their only child. PATRICK J. McGUINNESS, a member of the board of education and a veterinary surgeon of Newark, was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, on the ist of Janu- ary, 1872, and is a son of Michael M. Mc- Guinness, a native of Ireland, who for forty years has been a citizen of the United States. He was for some years a resident of Elizabeth and in 1870 removed to New- ark, where he is engaged in horse-shoeing, his shop being located at No. 81 River street. Dr. McGuinness was educated in the parochial school of Newark, where he con- tinued his studies until 1885. He then took *m I y A. W. HARRISOH ESSEX COUNTY. 305 a course in the Newark Business College, where he was graduated in 1887. Three years later he entered the American \'eter- inary College, of New York city, and was graduated in that institution with the class of 1894, after which he embarked in the practice of his profession in Newark. He has met with gratifying success, receiving a good share of the public patronage, for which his accurate and broad knowledge of the profession well fits him. He is very capable and his work has been attended with good results. The Doctor was elected a member of the board of education of Newark, from the fourth ward, in April, 1897, and is now serving on the normal-training, high-school and sanitary committees. He is a progres- sive, wide-awake business man, a valuable citizen and a gentleman possessing many excellencies of character. \\'iilely known, he has a large circle of friends, among whom he is very popular. HERMAN A. GLATZMAYER, one of the memljers of the medical profes- sion in Newark, was born in Brooklyn, New York, on the 4th of October, 1862, and is a son of Francis Joseph and Regina (Field- haus) Glatzmayer, both of whom were na- tives of Germany. He was reared in the city of his nativity, and acquired his pri- mary education at St. Boniface Academy, Brooklyn, where he was graduated. He afterward pursued a business course in Brown's Commercial College, and also studied Latin and other higher branches under the direction of private tutors. WHien seventeen years of age Dr. Glatz- mayer was apprenticed to the drug busi- ness, thus spending about four years, after ii— 20 which he matriculated in the New York College of Pharmacy in 1879. He passed the junior examination, but had to give up his studies on account of his health. He afterward spent several years in mercantile pursuits and then returned to the retail drug trade, being licensed to practice in that line, February 28, 1888. by the New York state board of pharmacy. He is also registered in different counties of that state. In Sep- tember, 1892, he matriculated in the Long Island College Hospital, taking the pre- scribed three-years course and passing all examinations within that time. He was graduated March 27, 1895, and entered into practice as an assistant to his brother. Dr. William G. Glatzmayer, of Newark. On the 1st of October, 1895, he opened his present ofSce at the corner of Court and West streets, where he has since practiced alone, meeting with great success. The Doctor is a member of the Essex County Medical Society and of the Alumni Association of the Long Island College Hospital. He also belongs to the Gottfried Krueger Association and Schiller Camp, No. 71, C. B. L. He has a practice which many an older practitioner might well envy, and in social circles is quite popular. ABRAM P. CARTER, whose business and private career well en- title him to representation among Newark's best citizens, was born in Springfield, New Jersey, on the 29th of November, 1845. and is a son of the late John Carter, a lifelong resident of that locality, and a prominent and influential citizen. He was born in 1802, and was a morocco-dresser by trade, but in late life he turned his attention to farming. When the Republican party was formed he 3o6 ESSEX COUNTY. early espoused its principles and served in different public offices in his township, discharging his duties with a prompt- ness and fidelity that won for him a high commendation. His death oc- curred in 1885. His wife, who had borne the maiden name of Sarah Pierson, was a daughter of Abram Pierson, a de- scendant of one of the first families of New Jersey. Her death occurred in 1878. By her marriage she became the mother of six children, of whom our subject was the fifth in order of birth. The other surviving members of the family are: Helen, wife of George French, of Union county: John. Abram P. and Fannie. Abram Pierson Carter, named for his ma- ternal grandfather, was reared on the fam- ily homestead and early assisted in the cul- tivation of the fields, but, desiring to devote his life to another calling, when twenty years of age began learning the carpenter's trade, under the direction of his brother, and has followed that pursuit continuously ever since, .\bout 1884 his brother ad- iTiitted him to a partnership in the business, and upon his brother's death, in 1888, he succeeded to the business and now ranks among the most prominent contractors in the city. His work is of the finest character and greatest durability, characterized by a thoroughness which commends it to those who desire the best labor. He has been connected with the building of many of the finest structures in the city, having taken the contracts for the Second Presbyterian church, the Grove Street church in East Orange, the addition to the High Street church in Newark, the Fewsmith Memorial church and the addition to the Baptist church in Bloomfield . He has also erected the National Bank building in East Orange and the residences of Dr. Osmus, J. A. Minott, E. C. Moore, E. E. Bruen and Dr. Ludlow, all of which stand as monuments to his skill and enterprise. Mr. Carter is a member of the Builders' Association, and is identified with the Eighth Ward and How- ard Building & Loan Associations. In 1885 was celebrated the marriage which united the destinies of Mr. Carter and Miss Elizabeth Muir, a daughter of John Muir, a native of New York and of Scotch descent. They now have a daugh- ter named Jennie. In social circles they hold an enviable position and have the warm regard of a host of friends. GEORGE DORER, of East Orange, is the possessor of a hand- some property which now enables him to spend his years in the pleasurable enjoy- ment of his accumulations. The record of his life previous to 1896 is that of an active, enterprising, methodical and sagacious business man, who bent his energies to the honorable acquirement of a comfortable competence for himself and family. As a young man of nineteen years he came to America, and without capital, started out in the strange land to overcome the difficul- ties and obstacles in the path to prosperity. His youthful dreams have been realized and in their happy fulfillment he sees the fitting reward of his earnest toil. i\Ir. Dorer was born in the province of Alsace, then belonging to France, but now included in German territory. Deceml)er 4. 1836, and spent his boyhood and youth in farm work and in acquiring the fundamental principles of an education. His • parents were George and Magdalena (Deutsch) Dorer, country people, with few acquire- ESSEX COUNTY. 307 merits and small means. They were the parents of eight children, four of whom crossed the water to the United States. The subject of this review bade adieu to his na- tive land in January, 1855, and sailed from Havre, France, to the New World. After a voyage of twenty-two days, he landed at New York, his capital exhausted, his des- tination uncertain. He felt that he must watch eagerly for opportunities of ad- vancement, and in the meantime must take whatever work offered that would yield him an honest living. Going to South Orange, he secured employment of a dairyman, but for his services received only his board. After three months his condition was some- what improved by going to Newark and en- tering the employ of Jacob Smith, a coal dealer, with whom he remained for six; months, working for six dollars per month. About this time he made the acquaintance of M. M. Dodd, of East Orange, and en- tered his service as a dairyinan, his compen- sation being eight dollars per month. For twelve years he continued in the employ of Mr. Dodd, and their relations then became even closer by the formation of a partner- ship, which continued for a quarter of a cen- tury, being terminated in 1893. They owned and conducted a very extensive dairy farm, the products of which found a ready sale on the market and made the investment a very profitable one. As the years passed the financial re- sources of Mr. Dorer were thus constantly •increased, and he invested the accumula- tions of his labor and economy in real- estate holdings in Orange. The advance in property there, as it became a popular residence district for people of means, large- ly increased the value of his land, of which he disposed at a handsome profit and thus realized enough ofi the investment to ena- ble him to lay aside the more arduous cares of active business life, and to surround him- self with the comforts and conveniences which serve to make easier the hard places in earth's pilgrimage. He now has a very pleasant home, which is shared by her who has been to him a faithful companion and helpmeet on life's journey — his wife. Mrs. Dorer bore the maiden name of Louisa Younger, and by her marriage she became the mother of five children: Matthias D., George A., Frank F,, Charles and Julia. The Republican party receives the un- wavering allegiance of Mr. Dorer, who heartily endorses its principles. He has shown himself to be a useful citizen in the public sen'ice, has been a member of the town committee for some five years, and is chairman of the committee on roads and streets. JAMES T. BENNETTO, whose identification with the building in- terests of Newark embraces the most im- portant epoch in its upbuilding, and whose work is seen in some of the finest structures of the city, was born in Devon, England, on the 29th of August, 1848. When four- teen years of age he bade adieu to home and native land, and with a company of young people came to the United States, where he spent his early years with friends and relatives. To provide for his mainte- nance he learned the mason's trade of the well known firm of Baker & Coddington, contractors and builders, of Orange, and after working for others for some time he embarked in business on his own account in 1871. He has since followed that indus- try, and his skill in the builders' art insures 3o8 ESSEX COUNTY. him a liberal patronage. His first work was done in the vicinity of Orange, and gave such satisfaction that he soon secured other contracts and won an enviable reputation, which brought him a liberal patronage in Newark and elsewhere. In 1872 Mr. Bennetto w^as married in Newark, the lady of his choice being Miss Louisa D. Douglass, daughter of A. D. Douglass, and the ceremony was performed on the 23d of October. Their children are Grace and Lizzie, the former having mar- ried a Mr. Hutchings in June, 1897. In 1876 Mr. Bennetto took his family to England to visit his old home, intending to remain only a few months, but while there he was induced to resume his chosen vocation and did much important work for the Great Western Railway Company, erecting a large number of depots and other necessary buildings for the road. He con- verted the castle of Carclew, at St. Ives, into a hotel, and erected many buildings in Plymouth. He also went to Belgium and studied the methods of contractors there, securing a fund of valuable information in connection with the manufacture of bricic, the building of scaffolding and general con- struction. He was absent in England and on the continent for more than four years, but returned still better equipped for the prosecution of his business interests here, and with an increased capital, for his stay abroad was a profitable one. Fifteen years ago Mr. Bennetto estab- lished his residence in Roseville, and his business interests have since been largely in Newark. He is rated as one of the leading contractors and builders of that city, and his efficiency in his chosen calling has won him a liberal patronage. He is a member of the Master Builders" Association, and is a man of sterling worth, who has won success in business and high regard in private life. CHARLES L. SHIPMAN, a plumber and gas and steam fitter, of Orange, whose well directed business inter- ests have gained for him a distinction in in- dustrial circles, was born in Newark, on the 1st of June, 1853, and is a son of Josiah C. and Mary P. (Early) Shipman. His great- grandfather was a native of Springfield, Es- sex county, as was the grandfather, Joseph Shipman. Both spent their entire lives there and they were the original owners of Millburn, New Jersey. The former fur- nished cattle for the American army during the war of the Revolution. The latter be- came the father of seven children, four of whom are living: John, William M., Maria and Josiah C. The last named was born in Springfield, New Jersey, and spent his early life in his native town. During the civil war he responded to his country's call for troops and served with distinction for three years in the Thirteenth New Jersey Volunteer Infantry. He wedded Mary P. Early, and they became the parents of eight children: Agnes A., wife of Calvin Whitehead; Dell- ephine, wife of John A. Reeves: Charles L.; Mary J.; John C; Alice F., wife of William Barradale; Aaron E., and one now deceased. Charles L. Shipman, of this review, re- sided in Newark with his parents until twelve years of age, and acquired his edu- cation in the public schools of that city. When a youth of fourteen he was appren- ticed to learn the tinsmith and plumber's trades in Millburn, New Jersey, and has fol- lowed that pursuit in all of its improved branches throughout the Union. In 1880 he was a resident of Denver, Colorado, and ESSEX COUNTY. 309 the following year removed to Trinidad, Colorado, where he remained until 1883, when he returned to New Jersey and lo- cated in Orange, where he has since en- gaged in business, meeting with excellent success in his undertakings. Mr. Shipman was married in Dubuque, Iowa, November 29, 1879, to Anna Welsh, a daughter of John and Ellen Welsh. In his political views he is a stalwart Repub- lican and has been a delegate to the conven- tions called for the purpose of nominating a candidate for governor. In public and private life he is faithful to the duties de- volving upon him, meeting fully every obli- gation. His business success has come to him as the reward of his own labors, and the regard in which he is held is tendered him in recognition of his sterling worth as a man and citizen. AARON H. WOODWARD. Early in the colonial epoch of our coun- try's history the Woodward family was founded on New England soil. The grand- father, Elisha Woodward, was a Connecti- cut farmer and was a student in Yale Col- lege one hundred and fifty years ago. He married Lydia Young and had two chil- dren, one of whom was Horatio N. Wood- ward, the father of our subject. He was born in Connecticut in 1798, and when a young man removed to the Empire state, where he engaged in merchandizing throughout his remaining days. He died in Ulster county. New York, in 1862. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Ann Lumereux, was a descendant from Hugue- not ancestry. Her death occurred in 1877. The children of this family were as follows: Martha, deceased wife of Henrv W. Graves, and the mother of Mrs. Fred Chamberlain, of Summit, New Jersey, Mrs. Ada Sands, of Brooklyn, and Charles Graves; Horatio, de- ceased; and Van Rensselaer, of Brooklyn, who is married and has four children. The representative of the family in whom our readers are most interested is Aaron H. Woodward, a prominent business man of Newark, ranking among her progressive, enterprising and public-spirited citizens. He was born in Fort Montgomery, New York, on the 2ist of July, 1835, and was educated in the district and select schools. He en- gaged in the bluestone business before he was twenty years of age, following that en- terprise in Ulster county. New York, and in 1862 he supplied the marble for the building of Tammany Hall, the Brooklyn court- house and a number of other fine buildings. He handled marble 'in Dutchess county, New York, for ten years, and spent a year in the Adirondack mountains, developing a marble quarry there. In 1871 he removed to Jersey City, where he carried on business as a wholesale dealer in stone as the repre- sentative of the Bigelow Bluestone Com- pany, of New York. He embarked in the bluestone business on his own account in Newark, in 1878, and has secured a large and constantly increasing trade, the enter- prise proving a profitable one. He has supplied the stone used in the construction of the Balentine buildings, Judge Krueger's residence, the Wilkinson & Gaddis build- ing, the Essex county penitentiary, the Technical School, the cold-storage build- ing owned by W. V. Snyder, the United States Electric Lighting Company's build- ing, the county jail, and the factories of the Milan Thread. Works, the Singer Manufac- turing Company, in Elizabeth, and the Marshall Thread Works. He is a svstem- 3IO ESSEX COUNTY. atic, methodical, enterprising, progressive and thoroughly reliable business man, who by the exercise of great industry and sound judgment has built up an excellent trade and as a natural sequence has derived there- from a desirable income. In March, 1857, in Ulster county, New York, Mr. Woodward led to the marriage altar Miss Frances Ann Brewer, daughter of Abraham Brewer, whose ancestors emi- grated from Rhode Island to the Catskill mountains at an early day and were en- gaged in lumbering there. Mrs. Woodward died in 1882, leaving many warm friends to mourn her loss. She had four children: Albert, deceased; Henry N., who was bom May 17, 1862, and married Mary J. Mar- tin, by whom he has five children, — Harry N., Anna J., Alice, Jennie A. and Mary L.; Lewis Woodward, deceased; and Charles B., who was born November 29, 1869, and married Emma Lurch. In March, 1885, our subject was again married, his second union being with Jennie A. Eggleston, a daughter of Lewis Eggleston, whose an- cestors emigrated from Rhode Island with the Brewers. PURSSELL BROTHERS. The name of Purssell is prominently con- nected with bakery interests in the east, and, as associated with any enterprise in that line, is a guaranty of the excellence of the articles manufactured by the house. James Purssell, the father of the Purssell Brothers, was bom in London, England, and made his home in his native city until 1859, carrying on business as a baker and confectioner at Cornhill for many years. Crossing the Atlantic to the New World, he established himself in the same line of business in Broadway, New York city, near Twenty-first street, and his superior knowl- edge and understanding of the business soon brought him a constantly increasing trade. His growing patronage from time to time necessitated the enlargement of his facilities in order that he might meet the demands of his patrons, for the excellence of the articles manufactured soon won him a most enviable reputation, and the name of Purssell connected with pastry or confec- tionery was taken as a guaranty of superior quality. Mr. Purssell continued to con- duct a large and profitable business in New York until his death, which occurred March 4, 1887. Previous to that time a stock company was formed, which uses the name of the Purssell Manufacturing Company. After his death, however, the family had no further connection with the corporation, the new company simply securing the right to use his name, which they found gave their business a prestige otherwise unattain- able. Mrs. Purssell bore the maiden name of Eliza West, and she is still living. Their children, in order of birth are as follows: James, William A., Arthur J. ; Eliza C, wife of J. Louis Kight, of London, England; Francis J., Charles, Charlotte J., Mary L. and George. In 1887, after his father's death, James Purssell, Jr., established a bakery business in East Orange, continuing the same until 1889. when the business was reorganized under the name of Purssell Brothers, the partners being Francis J. and Charles Purs- sell. Their mother still resides in East Orange. Francis J. Purssell, who is the managing director of the firm, was born in New York city, April 19, 1863, and his brother, ESSEX COrXTY. 3" Charles, who is financial manager of the business, was born in New York, May 31, 1865. Both were educated in the CathoHc schools in the city of their nativity, and in early life began working in their father's establishment, so that they are fortified by practical experience and long training for the work they now have in charge. Their business in East Orange has assumed ex- tensive proportions, and they employ a large force of competent men at the head of the various departments. The place is characterized by a neatness that would be difiRcult to improve upon, and the artistic manner in which they put their products upon the market is one of the attractive features of the enterprise, and combined with their honorable dealing, has brought them a very gratifying success. The broth- ers are both energetic and enterprising busi- ness man, whose careful oversight of their interests has made them prosperous, and Essex county numbers them among her most reliable and highly respected business men. LUMAN SMITH, of Irvington. has attained that success which is the natural sequence of honorable, persistent effort, guided by sound judg- ment, and is now doing a good business as a general contractor and dealer in real estate. He was born in Greene county, New York, on the 13th of September, 1845. His grand- father, Isaac Smith, was a farmer of that lo- cality, and his father, Alanson Smith, also followed agricultural pursuits as a means of livelihood. The latter was for some years a county official, and was a man of considera- able influence and prominence in public af- fairs. He was born in Greene countv. New York, about eighty-seven years ago, and became a prosperous man. owning a large and valuable tract of farming land. He married Rachel A. Deyo. and both are de- ceased. Their children were: Mary, wife of Morris W^right, of Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania; David V., who is living near Elkton, New York; Simeon, of Chicago; W'ardell, who makes his home in Ulster county, New York; Luman; Ezra P.; Am- brose, of Coxsackie, New York, who died, leaving one child; and Marcus, of Spring- field, Massachusetts,. In the district schools near his home Lu- man Smith acquired his education, but his privileges in that direction were abruptly curtailed, as at the age of fourteen years he was forced to lay aside his text-books and assist in the plowing, planting and har^'est- ing on the home farm. He continued to give his father the benefit of his services until he was twenty-five years of age, when he engaged in the raising of garden vege- tables in Brooklyn, New York. For five years he continued that pursuit and accu- mulated some money. He was then in- duced to go to Kentucky as the represent- ative of an immigrant association which was settling a colony in and near Hopkins- ville, that state, but after si.x months spent in the south, he discovered the irresponsi- bility of the company and returned north. Soon thereafter he located in Essex county. New Jersey, where he engaged in contract- ing, excavating and constructing buildings, and at the same time engaged in trading in real estate and personal property. In 1888 he removed to Irvington, where he owns several small tracts of land. He looks after his business with great care, and his super- vision, methodical habits and keen sagacity have enabled him to materiallv increase his 312 ESSEX COUNTY. financial resources. He is also vice-presi- dent of the Irvington Improvement Asso- ciation. Mr. Smith was married in West Hurley, Ulster county, New York, to Miss Sarah E. Rowe, a daughter of John M. Rowe, who is prominent in the social and political cir- cles of that county. They have two chil- dren — Franklin and Elnora. Mr. Smith is recognized as a political leader in Essex county, and gives an unwavering support to the measures of the Democracy. He is a member of the executive committee of his party in Clinton township and has served as one of the village trustees. DAYTON O. MEEKER. The gentleman to a brief review of whose life we now turn is a descendant of one of the first families that settled in Essex county. New Jersey. Both his father and grandfather, Dayton and Zadoc Meeker, were born in this county, the latter in 1 83 1. Zadoc Meeker married Miss Julia Chapin, and in 1856 he removed to Ohio, where he resided until 1863. Becoming dis- satisfied with his western home, he came back to his native county, and at Irvington passed the rest of his life as a dairy farmer. He died in 1895. His children were: Ester, Mary, Newton, Henry, Irene and Dayton O., and all are still living except Ester and Mary. Dayton O. spent the last few years of his first fourteen in acquiring the fundamental principles of an education. From the time he was fourteen until he was twenty-one he made a hand on his father's farm, and on reaching his majority he left his parental home and started out on his own account, as a driver for a milkman at Trenton, New Jersey. JK few months of this sufficed, and next we find him in Hunterdon county, this state where he passed the following year in farm work. Returning to Essex county, he was employed by Timothy Burnet and remained with him two years. At the ex- piration of this time he decided to engage in trucking. Although he had not the means with which to fully equip himself, he had credit, and in this way secured the nec- essary outfit and went to work, the result being a success fully equal to what he had anticipated. In a short time he was enabled to pay ofi his debt, and as soon as he had done this he began laying by money to purchase a home. And in connection with his regu- lar work he took up a line of contracting excavating, grading, etc., which he still con- tinues, and is to-day recognized as an ex- pert in road-making. For the past three years the county has employed him on road repairs. Mr. Meeker was married March 31, 1885, to Miss Susie Wenz, and they have five children, viz.: Harry, Wheeler, Julia, Stella and Dayton. Politically, Mr. Meeker's early training was in line with the Democratic party. Of recent years, however, he has affiliated with the Republicans, maintaining all the while a commendable interest in public affairs. Fraternally, he is identified with the great Masonic order and strives to show forth in his life the principles of "brotherly love, relief and truth." JAMES H. MORTLAND is one of the well known and much re- spected citizens of Irvington, New Jersey. He dates his nativity in the city of New ESSEX COUNTY. 313 York on the 24th day of January, 1845, ^'""^ at an early age was left an orphan, both parents dying near the same time. His father, James Mortland, was an Irishman. The same year he was born James H. [Mort- land was brought to New Jersey, and on a farm in ]\Iorris county was reared by a gen- tleman named A. L. Ogden. At the time the civil war burst upon the country young Mortland was yet in his 'teens. He was patriotic and ambitious, and when the call was made for volunteers his name was among the first to be enrolled. It was as a member of Company H, Seventh Regi- ment, New Jersey Volunteers, that he went to the front, and he remained in the field until the close of the war. His regiment was attached to the Army of the Potomac, and he was a participant in nearly all the heavy engagements in which the Second and Third Corps of that army took part. In June, 1866, Mr. IMortland came back to his Morris county haunts and again took up farming, to which he gave his attention until 1 87 1. That year he located in New- ark and engaged in the milk business, a business in which he has since continued and in which he has been very successful. He remained in Newark, however, only three years, coming from there to Irving- ton in 1874. Since that date his home has been on Wall street, Irvington. ]\Ir. Mortland has been twice married. His first wife, nee Ann Bedell, died in 1878, without issue, and in 1880 he wedded Mrs. Phebe Osborne. Her only surviving child, Adelle, is the wife of Frank Hopper, of Irv- ington. Not unlike most of those who wore the blue during the early '60s, Mr. Mortland is identified with the Grand Army of the Re- public, having his membership in Lincoln Post at Newark. Politically, he is a Repub- lican. He has been unflinching in his sup- port of this party ever since he became a voter, and in various capacities has been called into pu1)lic service at Irvington. He was first elected to the town committee, of which for a time he was chairman. He was elected a freeholder, but was legislated out of ofifice by a Democratic legislature before the expiration of his first year. For two years he was president of the village of Irvington, and for the past three years he has been town assessor. ANDREW L. PARKHURST, of \'erona, has descended from an ancestrv, honorable and distinguished, that has left its imprint upon the institutions of the country. Representatives of the name have exerted their influence for good in the busi- ness, the professional and the military life of the country, and their eminence is due to true nobleness of character and the chival- rous defense of whatever was Ijelieved to be right, as well as the superiority of mental powers manifested by them in the active af- fairs of life. Andrew L. Parkhurst was born in Liv- ingston township, Essex county, April 24, 1839. His father, a tanner by trade, was born in the same county in 1812, and died in 1844. His wife, Maria, was a daughter of Jonathan Force. In the family were four children: ^^'ard, who served in Battery D, First New Jersey Light Artillery, and was captured at Mine Run, his death occurring in Andersonville prison; Woodrufif, who has not been heard from in forty years: Su- san, deceased wife of John H. Simonson; and Andrew L. During his childhood days Mr. Park- 314 ESSEX COUNTY. hurst of this review secured a position in a Newark store as errand boy, but when he had formed a definite idea of what he wished to follow as a life work he left the store and began preparation for his chosen calling, that of contracting and building. He learned this trade of E. R. Carbuffe, of Newark, and was thus engaged at the out- break of the civil war. His patriotic nature was so aroused by the rebellious attitude of the south that he could not remain con- tentedly at home, and entered his country's service as a member of Company B, First New Jersey Volunteers, at the first call for troops. After three months' service he re- enlisted, as a member of Batters* D, First New Jersey Light Artillery, for three years, and when his second term was ended he joined Hancock's veteran corps and was in that service when hostilities ceased. The first engagement in which he participated was at Williamsburg, Virginia, and later he was in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac, but was never wounded or taken prisoner. Fortunate, too, in keeping up his health, he was always found at his post of duty, faithfully defending the cause which the old flag presented, and his military record is one of which he may be justly proud. Upon his return home Mr. Parkhurst again took his place at the carpenter's bench and followed his trade until 1870, when he began taking contracts for build- ing and grading roads — his present busi- ness. He has since followed that industry with that success which is the logical result of continued efforts, fidelity to the terms of a contract, and honorable dealing. He pos- sesses good business ability and his efforts have resulted profitably. In 1866 Mr. Parkhurst removed to \'erona, where he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah M., a daughter of Isaac and Ann Simonson. She died in 1890, leaving three children: William A., a grading and excavating contractor, who married Eliza- beth Force; Susan L., who married Frank Sanford, of East Orange; and Harry L. In 1891 Air. Parkhurst was again married, his second union being with Mary J. Ayers, daughter of Elias Harris. Three children graced this union — Leroy S., Ethel F. and Gertrude. The family is one of prominence in the community, holding a high position in social circles and enjoying the warm re- gard of many friends. J. J. HENRY MULLER, a furniture dealer of Newark, was born in the ortschaft of Vurgsen, in Hanover, Ger- many, June 24, 1845, ^nd is a son of John (born in 1821 and died September, 1875) and Mary C. (Gehrke) Miiller (born in 1825 and died March, 1858). His mother be- longed to a family of six children. His father was a son of Christian Miiller, and was left an orphan at an early age, being reared to manhood by foster parents. He engaged in the tilling of the soil as a life work, and in all business relations he was a man of the strictest integrity. He held a membership in the Lutheran church, and he was held in the highest re- gard by all who knew him. He was mar- ried in 1844 to Miss Mary C. Gehrke, and to them were born five children : J. J. Henry; Frederick, who died at the age of seven years; John, who is married, and with his family resides in Brooklyn, New York; Mary, who died at the age of six years; and Alary, the second of the name, who died at the age of two and a half years. The mother ESSEX COUNTY. 315 of these children passed away in IMarch, 1858, at the age of thirty-three years. She, too, held a membership in the Lutheran church, and was beloved by a large circle of friends. After the death of the mother of our subject, John MiiUer, the father, mar- ried again, and had other children. J.J.Henry Miillerwas educated in the pub- lic schools of his native town, and between the ages of fourteen and twenty-one years he was engaged at farm work. On attaining his majority he was drafted into the military service of his country and participated in the war between Hanover and Prussia in 1866, taking part in the battle of Langen- salza. in one of the provinces of Saxony. After the close of the campaign he returned home upon furlough, where he remained for a short time; but, tiring of the monot- ony of farm work, he left the parental roof December 7, 1866, and went to Hamburg. The following day he took ship there for London, England, where he remained until the 1 2th of Januar}'. 1867, when, as a pas- senger on the Constantine, he sailed for New York, the vessel dropping anchor in that harbor on the 12th of February. 1867. For a time Mr. Miiller followed carpen- tering in New York city, and then went to Brooklyn, where he was engaged in a saw- mill for several years, when he again took up the carpenter's trade, in Jersey City. He continued his residence there until 1874, when he entered the employ of H. Gaul- lieur, a cigar merchant, remaining with him as a porter for several years, and then for Kimball. Gaullieur & Co., and so faithful was he to his duties that he was promoted to the position of assistant foreman, in which capacity he served until 1877, when he was made foreman. In 1885 he resigned, and in October of that vear came to New- ark, where he engaged in the furniture business at 93 and 95 Springfield avenue, in partnership with Christian Schmidt, un- der the firm name of MiiUer & Schmidt. Lender the wise management and guided by the sound judgment of these men, the busi- ness prospered and brought them a hand- some income. In 1889 they purchased the tract of ground at Nos. 113, 115 and 117 Springfield avenue, and erected thereon their commodious store and warerooms. They conducted a large and profitable busi- ness until 1894, when Mr. Miiller bought out his partner's interest, and has since car- ried on operations on his own account. He now has one of the fine stores of the city, carrying a large and complete stock of goods of the latest styles and best work- manship. His prices are moderate and his courteous treatment of his patrons and his straightforward dealing have secured him an extensive business, which is constantly increasing. Mr. Miiller was married in Jersey City Heights, New Jersey, to Miss Mary C. Hof. who was born January 8, 1853. Her father. Frederick Hof, was born October 17. 1824; and her mother, whose n^aiden name was Mary Heppe, was born April 24, 1827. John Frederick Hof, the grandfather of Mrs. Miiller, was born in Germany, April 5, 1797, and died May 17, 1874. His faith- ful wife lived to be seventy years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Miiller have had six children, namely: Frederick, born April 21, 1873, graduated at the Newark high school, studied medicine in the medical department of the Flower Hospital in New York for some time, but eventually relinquished his course there and joined his father in the management of the furniture business : he was married April 21, 1897, to Miss Helen 3i6 ESSEX COUNTY. Buehler, a daughter of William and Chris- tina Buehler; Henry, the second child, was born April 4, 1876, and died March 14, 1883; Joseph, born November 9, 1877, is a graduate of the Newark high school, and is now a student in the medical department of the Flower Hospital, of New York city; Mary, born January 18, 1880, died Decem- ber 6, 1884; Henry, born June 19, 1884; and May, born December 13, 1889, died October 9, 1895. Mr. and Mrs. Miiller are both consistent members of the German Baptist church of Newark, and he is now serving on its board of trustees. He has always taken an active interest in charitable enterprises and in all local matters calculated to benefit the com- munity. His life has been very successful, and as he has climbed higher he has ever had his hand down-stretched in aid of those who are below him in the comforts of life. His political support is given to the Re- publican party, and Newark ranks him among her enterprising, progressive and reliable citizens. JAMES BEST, a public-spirited, influential resident of Caldwell, who has contributed much to the welfare of his home city and the happiness of its inhabitants, is a native of Ireland, where he was born on the ist of November, 1839, a son of WilHam and Agnes (Conway) Best, who were small farmers. Each of them had been married before, but our sub- ject was the only child of this union. James Best learned the baker's trade in his native country and followed the same until 1 86 1, when, upon the advice of his brother, W. J., he accompanied the latter to the United States, and within three days had secured work at his trade. W. J. Best, during the panic of 1873, was receiver for many of the prominent financial concerns of New York, and possessed a wide reputa- tion as an expert accountant. James Best, two years subsequent to his arrival in America, had been foreman of nearly all the more important bakeries of New York city, but retired from the business for a time and entered the house of Fowler Brothers, provision merchants, as shipping clerk, and there remained some eighteen months, his next employment being with Roger Bam- ber & Company as receiving clerk. Upon his retirement from this service he jour- neyed west in order to see the country, stopping off at Pittsburg, where he was induced to enter the employ of McGinn Brothers, remaining with the same for six months and then embarking in business on his own responsibility. After an absence of two years he returned to New York, and, with the exception of five years, during which time his ill health compelled him to seek rest at Caldwell, he has been in con- tinuous business in New York city. Mr. Best has been an active participant in public affairs pertaining to the village interests, and as he is not a partisan his work has in consequence not been in the lines of politics. He has been at the head of the board of health of the village ever since its inception, was instrumental in se- curing the lighting of the town by public subscription, has for four years been a mem- ber of the school board, and he is always in demand when a matter of importance is to be discussed which requires a proper pres- entation to the citizens of Caldwell. In his religious faith he is an adherent of the Presbyterian church, of which he is one of the trustees. ESSEX COUNTY. 317 The marriage of Mr. Best was consum- mated on the 2d of July, 1866, when he was united to Miss Jane Ellison, daughter of James Ellison, a New York merchant, and the children born of this union are as fol- lows: ^lary A.; William J.; Edward G., who married Orril Backus; Elizaljeth J., who was recently graduated at the State Normal, at Trenton. New Jersey; Robert, Walter N. and Ethel. DAVID G. KNIGHT, Irvington, New Jersey, is a well known con- tractor and builder, many evidences of his skill and enterprise in this line being found in Irvington and vicinity. Mr. Knight is an American only by adoption, but has never known any other home than this, he having been brought to this country in infancy. He was born in Northampton. England, June 22, 185 1, son of Edward and Sophia (Groom) Knight, both natives of England. Edward Knight, now one of Irvington's octogenarians, came to the United States in 1851 and was fol- lowed a year later by his family. He lo- cated temporarily in Inington and soon went from here to East Orange, New Jer- sey, where he was for years engaged in teaming. His wife died in 1867. Their children in order of birth were Stephen R.. Isaac E., David G. and Joseph F. All are still living except Isaac E., who was killed at Peach Tree creek during the civil war. David G. Knight received his early train- ing in a small wooden school-house on the Back Road in East Newark, attending this school until he was fifteen. At that age he began to learn the trade of stone mason, working under the instructions of Elijah Doremus, of East Orange, and serving an apprenticeship of four years. On complet- ing his trade, he entered the employ of the prominent firm of Crane & Son, of Newark, with whom he remained one year. After this he located in Basking Ridge. New Jer- sey, and engaged in contracting. He spent three years at that place, then two years in Summit, this state, and from Summit started out on a tour of the west, working in all the large cities from Chicago to Den- ver. On his return he stopped one year in Lafayette, Indiana, and thence returned to Irvington, his former home, where he has since remained. All these years his time has been given to work at his trade. ^^'hile a resident of Basking Ridge Mr. Knight was married, in December, 1871, to Clarissa J. Peppard, and they have five children, viz.: Charles E., Lillie, D. George, Clara and W. Raymond. Mr. Knight is a Republican and has taken a leading and active interest in local politics. He has been three times elected a member of the town committee, of which he served as chairman two years, and has also for years served as a member of the Republican town executive committee. Fraternally, he is identified with the Ma- sonic order and the Knights and Ladies of the Golden Star, and in the former holds the rank of past master of Franklin Lodge. THOMAS F. HIGGINS, an undertaker and embalmer of Orange, was born in New York city, on the 2d of September, i860, and is a son of John and Bridget (Clark) Higgins. The family is of Irish origin and the father was born in county Kerry, w-here he grew to manhood. About the time he attained his majority he crossed the Atlantic and spent several years 3i8 ESSEX COUNTY. in Canada, but subsequently he removed to Rochester, New York, and later to New York city, where he is now engaged in business as a successful shipbuilder. To him and his wife were born twelve children, but eight died in childhood, and Anna, the wife of William Benson, died May 2j, 1897. Those still living are Thomas F.; John, and Catherine, wife of John Gollor. Our subject spent his early life in the city of his nativity and acquired his education in the public schools. He subsequently learned the trade of shipbuilding in his father's shipyard and followed that business until 1879, when he turned his attention to the coal trade and as a wholesale dealer in that commodity carried on business until 1883. He then returned to shipbuilding, and about 1891 engaged in the livery busi- ness, to which he has since added a new branch, that of undertaking and embalm- ing. He is a graduate of the Massachusetts College of Embalming and is fitted to do the most perfect and satisfactory work in that line. His business has now assumed extensive proportions, his patronage is con- stantly increasing and his well directed ef- forts have brought success. Mr. Higgins was married in Bayonne city. New Jersey, on the 22d of April, 1882, to Miss Emma Driscoll, a daughter of John and Anna (Collins) Driscoll. They have become the parents of nine children: John, deceased; Thomas, who has also passed away; William; Loretta; Edward: Cath- erine and Ellen, twins, deceased; Michael, deceased; and Thomas F. Mr. Higgins has served for three terms as a member of the Bayonne city council and as school trustee two terms, and in the faithful performance of his duty has ma- terially advanced the municipal and educa- tional interests of the town. He attends St. John's church, Roman Catholic, of Orange. JOHN F. HAGERTY, M. D. Among the leading young physicians of Newark is Dr. Hagerty, who is located at No. 297 Central avenue. One of New Jer- sey's native sons, he was born May 9, 1869, his parents being Patrick and Mary (Hughes) Hagerty. The father was a na- tive of the Emerald Isle but in early life came to America, and for thirty-five years was prominently connected with the busi- ness interests of New Brunswick, New Jer- sey, as a leading merchant tailor. His wife was born in New Brunswick, but was of Irish descent, her parents having emigrated from Ireland to the United States at an early day. The Doctor spent the days of his boy- hood and youth in his native city of New Brunswick and acquired his education in its public schools, graduating at the high school in 1887. He afterwards pursued a course of chemistry in Rutgers College, and later entered the office of Dr. Frank Donahue, of New Brunswick, with whom he remained for five years, during which time he attended lectures in the Medical University of New York and was grad- uated with the honors of the class of 1892. He next entered Bellevue Hospital, where he was connected with the surgical depart- ment for eighteen months, on the expira- tion of which period he came to Newark. He has built up a large and lucrative prac- tice in this city and has demonstrated his ability by the successful conduct of a num- ber of very important cases. He is a close student of his profession and carries his re- search and investigation in the fields of ESSEX COUXTY. 319 medical science far beyond the average practitioner. He is equally skilled in sur- gery and at the present time, 1898, is in charge of the surgical clinic in St. Michael's Hospital. He is a member of the Bellevue Hospital Alumni Association; a member of the Essex District Medical Society, and is ex-president of the ^^sculajjian Society, of Newark. He is ranked high by the mem- bers of the profession as well as the public, and is greatly respected by all. THOMAS S. OSBORNE, of Irvington, his native city, was born in October, 1837, the eldest child of Merton and Jane (Frazee) Osborne. The family was planted on New Jersey soil soon after the establishment of the .\merican republic by the great-grandfather of our subject, who, like the greater part of the population at that day, followed agricultural pursuits. His son, Moses Osborne, who was born in Clinton township, Essex county, became a shoemaker and served his countr}- in the federal army during the war of 1812. His son, Merton Osborne, was born in Clinton township in 1788, learned his father's trade and passed his life in the boot and shoe business in this locality. He died in 1867. His career as a citizen was one worthy of emulation. His interest in public affairs was confined to matters local, and his party affiliation was with the Democrats, among whom he was a leader. His wife was a daughter of William Frazee, of Scotch Plains, New Jersey. In the public schools of his native city Thomas S. Osborne acquired his education, pursuing his studies there until sixteen years of age, when he went to Newark and began learning the jeweler's trade. He was in the employ of Ailing Brothers when the business depression of i860 obliged that house to lessen the number of their em- ployes, and accordingly he was left without employment. For a year thereafter he was engaged in various pursuits that would yield him an honest living, and in 1861 se- cured a situation with the firm of Durand & Company, with which he continued until 1862, when, feeHng that his duty demanded his enlistment, he put aside all personal con- sideration and entered the army as a mem- ber of Company A, Twenty-sixth New Jer- sey Infantry. The regiment was assigned to duty in the Sixth Corps of the Army of the Potomac, and with that command Mr. Osborne remained at the front, faithfully defending the cause which the old flag rep- resented until it was victoriously planted in the capital of the southern Confederacy, Returning home Mr. Osliorne embarked in the jewelry business, which he has since followed, and his success is well deserved. He is one who fully appreciates the signifi- cance of the saying that "we live in the great Now, for all Yesterday has gone and To-morrow has not yet come." It is this which has prompted him through life to take advantage of every opportunity, to make the most of his possibilities and achieve in the present the utmost that he can. He has enjoyed a large trade by rea- son of his enterprise and honorable dealing. Like his father, Mr. Osborne has been a useful man and important factor in the man- agement of local affairs in Clinton township. The issues of the w-ar made him a Repub- lican, and he has since been an advocate of the party principles, and is treasurer of the executive committee of the Republican township committee. He was one of the organizers of the Irvington Water Com- 320 ESSEX COUNTY. pany and is its treasurer; was elected tax collector of the town in 1891, re-elected in 1894, has served as village trustee of Irving- ton, and in all his of^cial duties his clerical ability and general official efficiency are clearly noted. He is an exempt member of the Newark fire department, is a member of Lincoln Post, G. A. R., and of the Junior Order of American Mechanics. Mr. Os- borne was married in 1864 to j\Iiss Maria Burt, and they have two children — Harry E. and Burtie. GEORGE R. STAGG. The truth of the statement that "Educa- tion makes the man; the want of it the fel- low," has had verification in every age and under all conditions, and that this has not failed of recognition as a logical sequence has been shown, for enlightenment has in- variably been the result of such apprecia- tion, even on the part of those who have been denied the privileges whose values they could dimly discern. Educational ad- vantages have figured both as the initiation and invariable concomitant of normal prog- ress, and in this end-of-the-century period it is unmistakably certain that they walk hand in hand — potential allies in whose union there is strength and whose segregation implies the annihilation of both. Our nation has reason for a marked degree of satisfaction and pride in the char- acter of her educational system, and in no branch so particularly as that of her pub- lic schools, which ofTer opportunities to all sorts and conditions of men. One of those who have been particularly active and zealous as workers in the educational field of West Orange, and of whom it has been consistently said that he has probably done more to advance the cause of education in said province than any other man, is he whose name initiates this paragraph. On this score alone he merits specific recogni- tion in this compilation, while other phases of his career, character and ancestral his- tory render this recognition all the more appropriate. The history of the Stagg family has been identified with American annals since the early colonial epoch. It is practically well authenticated that the original American progenitor was John Stagg, who emigrated at a period considerably antedating the war of the Revolution. His son, John Stagg, Jr., was born in New York city in the year 1732, and became a man of prominence in wealth and influence. It is a matter of record that he owned in New York sev- eral houses, which were burned at the time of the occupation of the city by the British during the Revolution. During this great struggle he was a stalwart supporter of the colonies in their heroic efforts to free them- selves from froward and unjust thraldom, was a most ardent and uncompromising patriot and wielded much influence in civil affairs. He removed to Orange county, New York, and was there honored with the distinguished preferment as representative of his district in the general assembly of the state. He eventually returned to New York city, whence he was again sent as a representative to the assembly. He was a member of the General Society of Me- chanics and Tradesmen and was president of the fire department of New York, of whose organization he was one of the prin- cipal promoters. He fell a victim to the yellow-fever scourge in 1803 and suc- cumbed to its ravages. John Stagg was twice married, his first union having been GEORGE R. STAGG. ESSEX COUNTY. 321 in his espousal of Rachael Conklin, who bore him two sons, Abraham and John; while he took as his second wife, Anneke Stoutenborough, and they became the par- ents of nine children, namely: Isaac, Henry, Ann, Peter, Nellie, Phebe, Wood, Benjamin and Philip. Jacob Stagg, who was born on the 25th of September, 1787, was undoubtedly the grandson of John Stagg (2d), and married Sarah Tompkins on the ist of December, 18 1 2. The children of this union were four in number: Abraham L., born November 4, 1814, died February 10, 181 5; Pauline, born February 18, 18 17; Amos L., born November 24, 1818; and Abraham G.. born March 20, 1820, died September 16, 1820. Amos L. Stagg, the father of the imme- diate subject of this review, passed the major part of his life in Orange, where he had but few educational advantages, and at the extremely youthful age of seven years he was an indentured apprentice to James Reock, to learn the shoemaker's trade, but not relishing the apprenticeship he deserted his employer and began a career on his own responsibility, subsequently engaging in the custom manufacture of shoes, constructing d shop in his native place. He was a man of natural abilities and superior ambition, and spent much of his time in reading, in which he became proficient, and in this manner he acquired an extensive acquaint- ance with the leading men of the day, not only of the United States but of foreign countries as well. In his political adher- ency he was always a stanch Democrat, giv- ing his undivided support to the principles and policies of that party until the birth of the Republican party in 1856, when he be- came a Republican, and from that time he ii— 21 gave his support to the grand old party, taking an active part in the public afifairs of his home city. In 1846 was consummated the marriage of Mr. Stagg to Miss Eunice Pierson, a descend- ant of Thomas Pierson, one of the early settlers of New England. He died January 2j, 1892, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. Mrs. Stagg is still living, in West Orange, at the venerable age of seventy- three years. Amos L. and Eunice (Pierson) Stagg be- came the parents of the following eight children: Warren P., George R., Sarah E., Harriet E., Pauline H., Amos A., Mary Ida and Minnie F. Amos Alonzo Stagg was born in West Orange, August 16, 1862, se- curing his preliminary educational discip- line in the public schools, graduating at the Orange high school, later at the Exeter Academy, in New Hampshire, and there- after matriculating in Yale College, where he graduated as a member of the class of 1888. He has been an enthusiastic and dis- tinguished worker in the educational world, having been for a time connected with the School of Christian Workers, at Spring- field, Massachusetts, and is now the incum- bent of the chair of moral and physical cul- ture in the Chicago University, which posi- tion he has occupied since the reorganiza- tion and magnificent expansion of that now famous institution. It is worthy of note that he graduated at Yale with highest honors, and that he is one of the foremost athletes of that institution. George Randolph Stagg, who figures as the subject of this sketch, was born in C)range on the 26th of October, 1850. He acquired his education in the public schools of his native township, and has most effectually supplemented this by 322 E,S8EX VOL \ TV. private study and extensixe reading, being a man of broad mentality and unmistakable culture. He learned the sash and blind trade, butsubsequentlyassumed the position as bookkeeper in the establishment of Mc- Collough, Barry & Company, who were en- gaged in the manufacture of hats, and re- tained a similar .incumbency with Cum- mings, Barry & Company, and later with their successors, Cummings, Matthews & Barry. Since 1893 he has held a similar position with John J. Ferine. Under the old district-school system ]\Ir. Stagg labored indefatigably for more than fifteen years to secure the best possible ad- vantages for children who were dependent upon the public schools for their education, and when the new compulsory law was en- acted, requiring all townships in the state to be placed under the control and direction of a board of education, he was elected the first president of such board in West Orange, and has ever since been retained in that position, his earnest eftorts and con- stant interest being recognized and duly appreciated by all who have cognizance of true values in educational work. Mr. Stagg is an ardent advocate of the principles and policies of the Republican party, and has been an active factor in local political af- fairs. In November, 1894, he was elected to represent his township as a member of the Essex county board of freeholders. His fraternal relations are indicated by his membership in Live Oak Lodge, No. 186, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of which he is past grand, and in Hillside Council, No. 1329, Royal Arcanum, of which he is past regent. On the 1st of February, 1888, Mr. Stagg was united in marriage to Miss Emma A. Veeder, a daughter of John H. and Kather- ine (Dowlanfl) \^eeder. of Gloversville, New York. PETER BUSHAUER, of Newark, was born in the town of Bleeck- er, Fulton county. New York, April 25, 1862, and is the son of Jacob and Mary A. (Starcks) Bushauer. His father, a native of Bavaria, Germany, was educated in the pub- lic schools there and learned the trade of stone-cutter. On attaining the age of twenty-one he was drafted into the military service and was a member of the army dur- ing the revolution of 1848-9. He was left fatherless at the early age of five years and was the only child of his parents. His mother afterward married Nicholas Gil- sleider, by whom she had two sons and one daughter. The sons were: Jacob, who was married and had one son, Edward C, who is married and resides at Newark with his wife and two children; and John, who was married and had three children: Gussie, wife of Lafayette Nunan, Arthur and Ben- jamin. Jacob Bushauer came to America with his mother and the children of her second marriage, the family locating at Bleecker. Fulton county. New York, about 1835. There he followed farming until 1865, when he removed to the town of Perth, Fulton county, and engaged in the butchering business, meeting with marked success in that undertaking. He continued his residence in Perth for more than twenty years, and died in Rockton, Montgomery county. New York, in 1896. His life was well spent and he had the respect of all who knew him. In religious faith he was a Roman Catholic. Jacob Bushauer was married in the town of Bleecker, in 1856, to Miss Mary A. ESSEX COUNTY. 323 Starcks, who died July 2, 1875, at the age of forty-six years. By her marriage she became the mother of eight children, name- ly: Mar\-, wife of George Uhlinger, of Hegeman's Mills, Montgomery county. New York; Jacob B., who married Maggie Hock and resides in Newark; Libbie, wife of John Schwartz, of Fulton county, New York; John, who is married and lives in Johnstown, New York; Peter, of this sketch; Katie, wife of James Fairbank, of Perth, Ne^\■ York; Maggie, wife of James Cole, of Fulton county. New York; and Carrie, wife of James McCarty, of Connecti- cut. After the death of his first wife the father of this family married Miss INIaria Connelly, and after she, too, had passed away, he wedded again, and by this mar- riage had two children — Ada and Charles. Jacob Bushauer was a very energetic and persevering man and by his capable man- agement, sound judgment and untiring in- dustry succeeded in accumulating a con- siderable competence, at one time owning much real estate. He was also ven,' hos- pitable, and a ready welcome was always assured his many friends. Peter Bushauer, of this review, was edu- cated in the public schools of his native county and in one of the business colleges of Newark. When eighteen years of age he began to learn the trade of a brass- molder in the service of P. Hayden, and on the completion of his apprenticeship worked as a journeyman for about ten years, during which time he was frugal and industrious and accumulated the means which enabled him to start in business on his own account. In March, 1889, he en- tered into partnership with William Weis, under the firm name of Weis & Bushauer, in the brass-foundry business, opening a factory in Newark, where they carried on operations until 1892, when by mutual agreement the partnership was dissolved. Mr. Bushauer, however, has continued in this line of business up to the present time, and in 1897 purchased his present premises at No. 261 Elm street, where he now con- ducts a safe and profitable business. He is progressive but not over-venturesome, and his business transactions are always guided by a sound judgment that is rarely at fault. This has made him successful in his career, and the competence he has accumulated is well deserved. Mr. Bushauer was married, in Newark, September 2, 1891. to Miss Emma X. Mar- tin, who was born I\Iarch 6, 1867, and is a daughter of Albert and Mary (Grimm) ^lartin. Their children are as follows: Mary, born in March, 1892, and died April 22, 1893; Edna E.. born September 15, 1894; Jacob Peter, born August 8, 1896; and Arthur J., born November 14. 1897. Mr. and Mrs. Bushauer hold a membership in St. Benedict's church. Catholic, and in his political views he is a Democrat, but has never sought or desired office, preferring to devote his energies to his business interests. OWEN A. CAHILL, a progressive citizen and an enterprising coal dealer of Newark, with offices and yards at No. 133 First street, was born in his home city on the 22d of October, 1865, and is a son of Bernard and Catharine (Co- gan) Cahill, both of whom were natives of county Carew, Ireland. His preliminary education was received at St. Vincent's Academy, supplemented by a course of study at St. Benedict's College, of Newark, being graduated at both of these institu- 324 Ei^SEX COUNTY. tions. At the age of nineteen years he entered the employ of E. G. Faitoute & Company, dealers in coal, and was identified with that business until 1890, when he entered upon a similar line of enterprise on his own responsibihty and established his present ofifices, where, under the careful tuition of his father, he acquired a compre- hensive business experience, and has since met with pronounced success, which is the logical result of his natural ability, industry and strict integrity of character, — qualities that inspire the utmost confidence in all who have dealings with him. Among other enterprises in which he is interested is the Newark Paving Company, of which he is a director. In his political faith Mr. Cahill is a Demo- crat of the true Jefifersonian type, and he was elected and served two terms on the board of freeholders. Socially he is a mem- ber of the Catholic Benevolent Legion, the Improved Order of Heptasophs. Conclave No. 475, of Orange, and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. He is also an active member of the JefYersonian Club, of Newark, and takes a prominent part in its work. Mr. Cahill was married in Newark on the 24th of November, 1889, to Miss Louise C. Conroy, the youngest daughter of Michael and Ann (Bradley) Conroy, and of this union the following children were born: Mollie, Russell and Leonard, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Cahill are communicants of St. Joseph's church, Roman Catholic. Bernard Cahill, the father of our subject, was born in county Carew, Ireland, a son of Felix and Mary (Nugent) Cahill. He came to America, landing at New York, and located in Connecticut, where he worked on a farm for many years and then came to Newark and entered the employ of E. G. Faitoute as a clerk. After remain- ing several years in that capacity he began business on his own account at Orange and Plane streets in Newark, and then became associated with E. G. Faitoute, under the firm name of E. G. Faitoute & Company, which conducted a large and successful business for a period of fifty years, when Mr. Faitoute died and Mr. Cahill continued in the same for three years, then disposed of his interests to Frederick B. Faitoute and retired from active life. Politically he was a Jeffersonian Democrat, and he was presi- dent of the St. Vincent de Paul Society and a director in the Associated Charities of New Jersey. He was united in marriage to Miss Cath- arine Cogan, a daughter of James and Ho- nora Cogan, both of her parents being na- tives of county Carew, Ireland. They came to the United States and settled at Belle- ville, Essex county, but passed the latter days of their lives at Newark. James Cogan was a farmer by occupation. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Cahill were: Felix and Joseph, deceased; Julia, who died when eighteen years old; Mollie, who died at the age of twenty-seven; Catharine, who married James Russell and they now reside in New Haven, Connecticut, with their three children — Mollie, Joseph and Catharine, the last mentioned being a grad- uate of St. Mary's Academy, Newark; Orvin A.; Elizabeth and Felix are twins, the former being a graduate of St. Vincent's Academy and the latter of the New Jersey Business College; Bernard John is a grad- uate of St. Benedict's College. Bernard Cahill was a school-teacher in Ireland for a number of years; he was a consistent member of St. Joseph's church, Roman ESSEX COUNTY. 325 Catholic, in the faith of which he died, in July, 1894, being survived by his widow. Mr. Hart and his sister, who was the mother of John Cahill, came to America with Ber- nard Cahill, and they settled on Staten island. Mr. and Mrs. Felix Cahill, the grand- parents of our subject, lived and died in county Carew, Ireland, where they reared seven children, of whom Bernard, Felix, Julia and Mary came to America. FeHx married and settled in Newark, becoming the father of one son, Francis; Julia settled in Newark, married, and reared children; Mary married and located in Brooklyn, where she became the mother of three sons and one daughter. MARTIN J. COONEY was born in Newark, September 3. 1863, and is one of the native sons of the city who have attained a place among her successful business men. His parents were Thomas and Grace (Hogan) Cooney, and the for- mer was a son of William and Mary Cooney. The grandparents on the paternal side were both natives of county Roscommon, Ire- land, and lived to be centenarians, dying on the Emerald Isle, where the grandfather had followed farming as a life-work. In their family were five children, all of whom reached years of maturity and came to the United States. John, the eldest, settled in New York city, and is now captain on the police force there. He is married and has three children. James, also located in New York, where he is now a member of the fire department. He is married and has five children. Katie is the wife of Patrick Reynolds and they have five children. Mary is the wife of Owen Planning, of Mill- burn, New Jersey, and their family numbers ten children. Thoinas, the father of our subject, was the youngest. The maternal grandparents of our sub- ject w-ere John and Joanna (Keating) Ho- gan, both of whom were natives of county Tipperary, Ireland. The former was an architect and civil engineer and was a grad- uate of Dublin College, located in the city of Dublin, Ireland. He came to Amer- ica in i860 and soon after the breaking out of hostilities between the north and the south he espoused the cause of the Union, enlisting in Company C, Sixty-ninth New York Infantry. He participated in the first and second battles of Bull Run and also the siege of Richmond, during which he was promoted to the rank of captain, for gallant and meritorious services. He also valiantly followed the old flag at the battle of Kene- saw mountain and was promoted to the rank of major. At the close of the war he was discharged at Atlanta, Georgia, and with an honorable military record returned to the north, locating in Newark. Here he was appointed to a position on the police force, and after serving in that capacity for some time he entered the employ of the Delaware, Lackawanna & \\'estern Rail- road Company and was the first station agent and telegraph operator at Millburn, in which place he spent the last years of his life. He died August 2, 1878, and his wife closed her eyes in death July 6, 1874. They had a family of ten children, all of whom reached years of maturity. Mr. and Mrs. Hogan were members of the Roman Catho- lic church. Thomas Cooney, father of our subject, came to America when nineteen years of age, taking up his residence in Millburn. His remaining days were passed in Essex 326 ESSEX COUNTY. county, his death occurring in Millburn, August 2, 1872, when he had arrived at the age of forty-two years. His faithful wife died August 6, 1863, at the age of twenty-eight years, and their remains were interred in the Millburn cemetery. They were communi- cants in the Roman Catholic church. Their family numbered but two children, and John, the elder, died in early life. At an early age Martin J. Cooney, the younger son, and the subject of this review. was left an orphan and went to live with his maternal grandparents. His education was acquired in the parochial schools of St. Patrick's cathedral, of Newark, and he first began business on his own account as an un- dertaker and embalmer, on Wallace Place, in 1892. He purchased the land at No. 36, that street and built thereon the modern and convenient residence in which he now resides. He conducts at his place of busi- ness a large trade and is a leader in his line in the city. Socially Mr. Cooney is connected with Lodge No. 21, B. P. O. E., of Newark, and Dalton Council, No. 62, of the Catholic Be- nevolent Legion. He allies himself with no political party, preferring to support the candidates whom he believes best quali- fied for ofifice regardless of party ties. He and his wife are members of St. Joseph's Catholic church. He was married February 8, 1894 to Miss Elizabeth M. A. Tobin, a daughter of John and Bridget Tobin, and they have one daughter, Grace. ASHER BROWN DURAND. The achievements of some men stand as perpetual monuments to their intelligence, genius and talent, and in no field is there a wider scope for the imprinting of one's name upon the immortal scroll of fame than in the realm of art, where not only is the mind elevated, the character ennobled and ideas broadened, but wherein also lies the power of giving to countless thousands the highest order of mental pleasure and grati- fication. Asher Brown Durand, one of the most gifted artists this country has ever pro- duced, was born in Jefferson Village, New Jersey, on the 21st of August, 1796, and early in life he began to evince an inherent predilection for engraving, acquiring in his father's workshop some knowledge of the elementary processes of that art. At first he confined his attention to cutting mono- grams and other devices on the various ar- ticles made there, but his earliest attempts at engraving for printed reproductions were on plates rolled out of copper coins, the gravers used being of his own manufacture. In 181 2 he was apprenticed to Peter Mave- rick, an engraver of New York city, and such was his progress that four years later he was admitted to partnership with his preceptor. His first original work was "The Beggar," after a painting by Samuel Waldo. When John Trumbull painted the "Declaration of Independence" Charles Heath, of London, was to have engraved it, but business complications having arisen, the task was assigned to Mr. Durand. who worked steadily at it for three years, the re- sult being one of the best-known engrav- ings in the L^nited States. Mr. Durand's reputation was at once established, and the demand for his work rapidly increased. "Musidora," engraved in 1825, and "Gen- eral Jackson," in 1828, are prominent among the plates of that period. Mr. Durand contributed quite extensive- ly to the "annuals," which were at that time ASHER B. DURAHD (.AFTER THE ENGRAVING BY ALFRED JONES, IN THE LIFE AND TIMES OF A. B. DURAND,' PUBLISHED BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.) ESSEX COUNTY. 327 fashionable and in which some of his best work appeared, including a reproduction of "The Wife," by S. F. B. Morse; "Gypsying Party," after C. R. Leslie, and "The White Plume," by C. C. Ingham. Many of the heads engraved for the National Portrait Gallery were executed by him, as was also "Ariadne," after John Vanderlyn's painting. Possessing admirable skill as a draughts- man, and having an instinctive sense of color values, Mr. Durand became dissatis- fied with the limitations of engraving and aspired to a wider field of art. He studied nature diligently and appreciatively and soon became most proficient in landscape painting, which, from 1836, became his chosen occupation. Professor Robert W. Weir spoke of him as "one of the fathers of American landscape." A few portraits are among his earlier productions in oils, not- ably the heads of Andrew Jackson. John Quincy Adams. James Madison and Edward Everett, while those of William CuUen Bry- ant, James Kent and Gouverneur Kemble are among his latest works in this line. Among the first figure paintings executed by him may be mentioned "Harvey Birch and Washington," "The Capture of An- dre," "The Dance on the Battery," "The \\'rath of Peter Stuyvesant," and "God's Judgment Upon Gog," while his landscapes include "The Catskills from Hillsdale," "Sunday Morning" and "Primeval Forest" (1869), which last now hangs in the Corco- ran Galler\- in Washington, D. C. Of his more recent work "Studies of Nature" and "Kauterskill Clove" were sent to Philadel- phia and there exhibited at the Centennial Exposition in 1876. Mr. Durand was one of the founders of the National Academy of Design, in 1826, and upon the resignation of S. F. B. Morse, in 1845, ^^ ^^''is elected to succeed him as president, and retained that preferment until 1861. He was a man of marked intellectu- ality and refinement; his character was noble and elevated and he was signally faithful and true in all the relations of life. This distinguished artist and noble man en- tered into eternal rest at Maplewood, New Jersey, on the 17th of September, 1886, in the fullness of years, and with well-earned honors. Mr. Durand was twice married, his first union having been to Miss Lucy Baldwin, of Bloomfield, New Jersey, who bore him one son and two daughters — John, Caroline and Lucy M. He married for his second wife Miss Mary Frank, of New York, and they became the parents of two sons, Fred- eric F. and Eugene H., the latter of whom is deceased. John Durand, the only son of Asher B. and Lucy (Baldwin) Durand, was born in New York city in the year 1822, and he continued to reside in the national metropo- lis until 1865, when he went to Europe, where he remained for two years. Within the time of his sojourn abroad he became acquainted with M. Taine, an eminent French writer of the day, whose valuable works on art and history Mr. Durand has translated, a labor that terminated only with the death of Mr. Taine, in 1893. Mr. Du- rand represented the Smithsonian Institu- tion in Paris for five years, and he effected for the National Museum at Washington important scientific exchanges. Since 1886 he has maintained his residence in France, being known as a connoisseur on art mat- ters and as a man of fine intellectual gifts. Frederic F. Durand was at one time a student of engineering at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute at Troy, New York, 328 ESSEX COUNTY. and afterward became a student of architec- ture in New York city. He has been very much interested in water-color painting and was one of the founders of the American Society of Painters in Water Colors. He graduated at the Baltimore College of Den- tal Surgery, the oldest and for many years the only dental college in the world, and he is now actively engaged in the practice of his profession in New York city. He is liv- ing on the family estate at what was former- ly known as Jefferson Village, now Maple- wood, New Jersey, the estate having been in the possession of the family for one hun- dred and twenty-five years, or even more. THOMAS CLYDE COLT. Connected with various business inter- ests of Orange, Mr. Colt is numbered among her leading citizens. He is presi- dent of the Orange Land & Improvement Company, proprietor of Colt's Express & Storage Warehouse, and is also the owner of the Orange Dispatch. These varied and important interests make him an influential factor in industrial circles, and it is to such men that the community owes its progress and prosperity. Mr. Colt has not only won success but has ever maintained a reputa- tion for reliability and straightforward deal- ing that is indeed enviable. He was born in the township of Irving- ton, Essex county. New Jersey, in 1867, and is a son of Colonel Thomas A. and Sarah A. (Parker) Colt. He is of English descent on the paternal side, the family hav- ing been founded in America by three brothers, who left their English home for the New World. One of these located in Connecticut and from him was descended the inventor of the famous Colt revolver. Another brother located in New Jersey, and the third, from whom our subject is de- scended, became a resident of Pennsylvania. Colonel Colt was born in New York city, where his parents resided, but the grand- father was probably a native of the Key- stone state. At an early age the Colonel was left an orphan, and was reared to man- hood under the care and guardianship of the late General William Petrican, who was a practicing attorney of law, of Muncie, Pennsylvania. He had a brother and a sis- ter — Clyde, who married and reared three children; and Sarah, who became the wife of John Shepard, and had two children, Thomas and Mary. Having acquired his primary education Colonel Thomas A. Colt pursued a course of study in Lafayette College, of Easton, Pennsylvania, in which institution he was graduated. He then engaged in teaching school until after the commencement of the war of the Rebellion, when with marked loyalty he raised a company for the service. He was elected its captain and eventually became lieutenant-colonel, with which rank he served until, having contracted typhoid fever, he was honorably discharged on ac- count of disability. Returning to New Jersey he resumed his educational labors and accepted the ap- pointment of principal of the Irvington school, retaining that position until 1869. The following year he came to Orange and jjurchased of Timothy Ward the present Colt's express business, continuing the same until his death, which occurred on the loth of October, 1885, at the age of fifty- six years. In 1853 Colonel Colt married Miss Sarah A. Parker, a daughter of Samuel S. and Harriett (Howser) Parker. Her father was ESSEX COUNTY. 3^9 for many years a prominent merchant of New York city and for a long period served as captain of a military company. He was one of the organizers and served as major of the Seventy-tirst New York Regiment, which is still in existence. This organiza- tion was to be purely an American regi- ment, for at that time the United American Society was very popular and there was much opposition to the prominent part taken by foreigners in public affairs, but the original idea was not carried out, owing to the many applications for membership that were received from good men, whose only disqualification was that they were not American born. Mr. Parker was also the inventor of tinfoil, which has become an indispensable commodity in the business world. He was one of the organizers of the Fourth Universalist church of New York city and for many years was one of its most liberal supporters and active workers. Strongly opposed to the use of all intoxi- cants, he belonged to the society known as Sons of Temperance and did much work in its behalf. His father was Sewall Parker, a son of Dr. Isaiah Parker. Following is a brief account of Dr. Parker; commencing with his epitaph: Died, In Cavendish, Vermont, January 15, 1848, Doctor Isaiah Parker, Aged 95 Years, 2 Months and 2 Days, Father of the late Sewall Parker,and Grand- father of Samuel S., Isaiah, Row- land W. and James M. Parker, of this city. Dr. Parker was born in Westford, Massa- chu.setts, November 13, 1752. He was the youngest and last survivor of a family of twelve children, none of whom died under the age of seventy-five years. Dr. Parker was a student of the late Dr. Green, of Lei- cester, and graduated at the early age of nineteen. He first commenced the prac- tice of his profession in Harvard, in 1772, at the age of twenty. He was married, and settled himself as a physician in that town in 1773. At the breaking out of the Revolu- tion he repaired to the scene of action, four- teen miles distant, and was present at the battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775, and acted as a volunteer surgeon on that event- ful day. He subsequently received an ap- pointment as a surgeon in one of the Massa- chusetts regiments, which he retained until 1790, when he resigned, not having been called into actual service. Captains Joshua, John and Isaac Parker, who bore a con- spicuous part in the Revolution, and who were all three in the battle of Bunker's Hill, were his brothers. Captain Samuel Parker, who commanded the company of "minute men" that were fired into by the British at Lexington; and Lieutenant-Colonel Par- ker, of Chelmsford, who fell at Bunker's Hill, were his relatives. In 1776 he entered the ministry, and for twenty-two years was the settled pastor of the Baptist denomination in Harvard, the duties of which oftice he'filled in connection with an extensive practice as a physician. In 1798 he removed to Boston, where he edited and published a paper called the Con- stitutional Telegraph, which advocated the election of Mr. Jefferson for President. In 1806 he removed to Cavendish, Ver- mont, when that country was little else than a waste, howling wilderness, where he after- ward resided, continuing the practice of his profession, riding- far and near, till near ninety years of age. At the time of his death he was the oldest man in the town. Dr. Parker possessed, in an eminent de- gree, those virtues which constitute the Christian, and which endear man to his fel- low-man; he was an affectionate husband, a kind father and a good neighbor. Few men were better loved or more respected l)y an extensive circle of friends and ac- quaintances. His heart and hands were ever open to relieve the distressed; in him the widow and fatherless ever found a 330 ESSEX COUNTY. friend to administer to their wounded hearts the balm of consolation in their time of need; and I have heard it remarked of him that "few men can look back upon a long life so much devoted to the interest of his fellow creatures, both in soul and body." The croAvning excellence of his character v^'as love — love toward all men, which was shown by his acts toward them, and his advocacy for more than forty years of a imiversal brotherhood. His confidence in God and a universal Savior did not forsake him. When I saw him about one year and a half ago, his mind appeared much ab- sorbed by religious inHuences, and he would often repeat, with others, that beauti- ful hymn of Dr. Watts, "I'm not ashamed to own my Lord," from whom by hearing him I learned to repeat it. Few men have accjuired a more thorough knowledge of the Scriptures, or could repeat them with greater fluency. Dr. Parker has reared a numerous and respectable family. — and among them some of the best physicians in our country, — only three of whom sur- vive him. The branches of his family are numerous, and some of his children's chil- dren to the fifth generation reside in this city. By the marriage of Colonel Thomas A. Colt and Sarah Parker, seven children were born, two of whom died in early life. The others are William P., who is a well known and successful business man of Stockton, California, and married Miss Abigail Rich- ardson, of Orange, by whom he has one son and three surviving daughters; Hattie, who became the wife of Edward Geach, and died May 30, 1890, of diphtheria, just a week after the death of their only son, who died from the same cause, at the age of five years; Samuel S., who married Miss Ida M. Mur- phy, by whom he had one daughter, and who is now a well known architect and builder, doing business as a member of the firm of Geach & Colt, of Orange; Thomas Clyde, of this review; and Mary S., who resides with her mother. Thomas Clyde Colt, whose name intro- duces this review, received his educational discipline in the district schools and later became associated in business with his father, under whose direction he acquired that practical experience that fitted him for life's responsible duties. Upon his father's death he succeeded to the express business, which he has since carried on with marked success, largely increasing the volume of his trade in that line. He also conducts an extensive storage warehouse, and in this department, by his capable management, has found a profitable source of income. He has made judicious investments in real es- tate from time to time, and as the value of property has increased his wise disposal of his realty interest has brought to him pros- perity, so that in these various lines he has won a place among the substantial citizens of Orange. His business methods conform to the strictest commercial ethics, and his straightforward dealing and thorough re- liability have won him the confidence and esteem of those with whom he has been brought in contact in a large degree. On the I ith of June, 1890, Mr. Colt was united in marriage to Miss Maud M; Gal- lagher, a daughter of George M. and Frances Gallagher. They had one son, Guy, who died in early childhood, and the mother passed away April 11, 1897, at the age of twenty-seven years. She was a lady of superior culture and natural refinemejit, of gentle, kindly temperament and loving disposition, and her cheering presence and life endeared her to all who knew her. She passed away on Sunday; and Miss Antonia Dickson, a warm personal friend, the well known writer of the life of Thomas A. Edi- ESSEX COL"STY. 331 son, wrote: "It is seldom that the environ- ment and circumstances are so exquisitely appropriate as those which attended the putting away of this fair body and the trans- lation of the fairer soul. The annunciation lilies and roses on the portal, the royal plenitude of flowers on tlie casket, the incense of many sorrowing hearts, were fit- ting triliutes to a life which had been a blos- soming har%'est of fragrant deeds and sunny friendships: not less Ijeautiful were the cir- cumstances which heralded her departure. The day, tiie hour, the season were as fitting as if planned by that tenderest of the angels miscalled Death. On the morning of Sun- day of the Palms, dear omen of victory, with the promise of Easter glory and the throb and thrill of an eternal springtide re- flected on the earth — this dear and beautiful child stepped from this tortured and cramp- ing 'vesture of decay' into the glorious en- franchisement of the sons of God; passed to where, at His right hand, 'there are pleas- ures for evermore.' Her last words on the earth side of the journey will be remembered until they are eclipsed by her greeting in that mansion of the Fa- ther, where she will welcome her own. They were the crown and flower of that innocent and bounteous character. Mes- sages to friends, tenderly reminiscent: pleas for forgiveness, assurances of un- dying devotion to 'the dearest husband and sweetest mother that ever lived;' a deep aspiration, 'I love everyone, oh! I love everyone: there is nothing but love in my heart !' Then, softly fading into that sweet and mystical sleep which heralds the brill- iant vitality of the true life, the miracle of transfiguration was wrought." In his social affiliations Mr. Colt is a zeal- ous member of Union Lodge, No. 11, F. & A. M. of Orange, and of Orange Chap- ter, No. 23, R. A. M. Politically he is independent, preferring to support the men whom he thinks best qualified for oflice, regardless of party affiliations. His name is the synonym for honor in all business transactions, and his life demonstrates the possibilities that are open to young men of resolute purpose and laudable ambition, en- abling them to rise from lowly positions un- til thev become leaders in the affairs of life. WILLIAM HILL, of Newark, is a native of New York, bom December 25, 1845. His father, Gottlieb Hill, was born in Hessen-Darmstadt, Ger- many, February 12, 18 18, and was descend- ed from English ancestors who emigrated to the fatherland in the year 1446, at which time a colony of English shoemakers lo- cated in Hessen-Darmstadt. Gottlieb Hill, like those who founded the family in Ger- many, was a shoemaker and plied his trade in the land of his nativity until 1839, when he crossed the Atlantic to America. He car- ried on shoemaking in New York city until 1857, and he then engaged in the saloon business at the corner of Walker and Elm streets, conducting that enterprise with ex- cellent success until 1865. In that year he entered into partnership with Gottfried Krueger, of Newark, in the establishment of a brewer}-, and after its successful opera- tion was an assured fact Mr. Krueger sold his interest and the firm of Baier & Hill was formed, continuing business under that style until Mr. Hill retired, in 1874. He was an industrious and successful business man, and diligence and thoroughness brought to him a desirable pecuniary reward. His death occurred in 1875. In the family were 332 ESSEX COUNTY. four children: Edward, born March 20, 1849, married a Miss Sohn; AmeHa became the wife of Bruno Smith, of New York; and Augusta, after the death of her sister, Ije- came the second wife of Mr. Smith. The other member of the family is Wil- liam Hill, of this review. He acquired his early education in the common schools of New York, and in his youth served an ap- prenticeship at the trade of coppersmith. In the year 1864 he went to Germany, the land of his forefathers, and for two years worked as a journeyman in the vicinity of his father's native village. There he per- fected his trade, becoming an expert work- man, and was initiated into all the quaint customs which prevail in Germany among members of that special trade. On his re- turn to America he abandoned that occu- pation, however, and joined his father, who was doing a successful brewing l)usiness. In the year 1866 the brewery was operated under the name of Hill & Krueger, then be- came Baier & Hill, which firm was suc- ceeded in 1875 by Hill & Piez, our subject having then become his father's successor. This partnership was maintained until 1880, when Mr. Hill became sole owner, and with gratifying success carried on the business alone until 1889, when he sold out to an English syndicate. However, he contin- ued as manager of the enterprise for five years, when with a handsome capital he re- tired to private life. He has made judi- cious investments in real estate, and to the care and improvement of his property he now devotes his time, but otherwise is not connected with business interests. He la- bored earnestly and diligently in former years and thus did he gain prosperity. Suc- cess comes not to the man who idly waits, but to the faithful toilerwhose work is char- acterized by sleepless vigilance and cheer- ful alacrity. In 1870 Mr. Hill was married to Miss Barbara Baier, daughter of John Baier, and of their union have been born nine chil- dren, seven of whom are now living, as fol- lows: Louisa, wife of Dr. Haux, of New- ark; Jacobina, x\ugusta, Emma, Amelia, Edward and Richard. Mr. Hill is a Demo- crat in his political predilections, and in 1883 was elected to represent the eighth district of New Jersey in the state legisla- ture. He is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity and has taken the degrees in Diog- enes Lodge, No. 22, of Newark. SAMUEL C. G. W ATKINS, D. D. S. This is an age of progress, and America is the exponent of the spirit of the age. In the beginning of the present century our country was in its infancy, and history shows no parallel of its growth and achieve- ments. No other country has made as great ad\ancement in the lines of science and mechanical invention, and the superior- ity of her inventions has been widely recog- nized, awakening the admiration of the world. In this steady growth and develop- ment which have characterized the age, the science of dentistry has kept pace with the general progress, and in that direction Dr. Watkins stands among the foremost. He has been a leader in thought and action in the world of dentistry, and his investiga- tion, experiments and comprehensive un- derstanding ha\e enabled him to bring be- fore the scientific world many valuable truths in relation to the profession, and suc- cessfully put them to the practical test in the operating room. The old lines of usage he has broken down, and in broader fields ESSEX COUNTY. 333 of usefulness and practice he has led a large following. Dr. Samuel Charles Goldsmith Watkins is a native of Ontario, Canada, his birth having occurred in Ashgrove, Halton county, on the 27th of March, 1853. He is a son of Dr. Charles W. and Harriet (Beckwith) Watkins. The ancestral history of the family shows that the Watkins lived first in Wales, afterward in England, and subsequently founded the Irish branch of the family. They were people of prom- inence and left the impress of their indi- viduality upon every age. The family rep- resents in the female line the ancient and distinguished house of Vaughan, of Golden Grove, the ancestor being Hugh Vaughan, Esquire, Kidwelly, gentleman usher to King Henry VH., in 1497. A descendant of the English branch of the Watkins family accompanied Crom- well to Ireland as a member of his military staff, and for military services rendered was assigned lands in county Monahan, where Humphrey Watkins, the great-great-grand- father of Dr. Watkins, was born and where he lived to attain the remarkable age of one hundred and four years. From the county mentioned, Samuel Watkins, the great-grandfather of the Doctor, removed to county Kings, where he died, at the age of ninety-six years. His son, Samuel Wat- kins, who died at the age of eighty-nine years and six months, was likewise a native of the Emerald Isle, whence in 1819 he emi- grated to America to accept a government position. He had indorsements and letters of introduction from the Earl of Ross to the Duke of Richmond, who was at that time stationed at Quebec. Soon after his ar- rival, through the influence of the Duke of Richmond, he received a grant of the larg- est tract of land ever given to one man, on condition of his settling at Little York, now Toronto, Ontario. He thus became the founder of the Canadian branch of the Watkins family. The Samuel Watkins above referred to distinguished himself as a colonel in the Irish rebellion of 1790, and also in the sup- pression of what is known as the McKenzie rebellion of 1835, in Canada. For his ser- vices he was awarded a colonelcy in the Canadian forces. His son, Charles W. Wat- kins, father of the Doctor, took a prom- inent part in resisting the Fenian raid into Canada in 1866. He married Harriet, daughter of George Beckwith, who was a lieutenant in King George's private regi- ment and body guard, being a resident of Yorkshire, England, and living to the ven- erable age of ninety-eight years and six months. He was a grandson of Lord George Beckwith, a colonel in the British army. This very ancient family originally bore the name of Alalbie or Malbysse, be- ing lineally descended from the marriage "temp," Henry HI, of Hercules de Malbie, grandson of Sir Sinion (Simon?) de Mal- bie. lord of Cawton, in Craven, with Beck- with, one of the daughters of Sir William Brice, lord of Skilton castle in Cleveland, a noble Norman knight, ancestor of the Bruces of Scotland. A family legend dating from the time of Cromwell (1649) states that during the vigorous fight between the Protestants and Catholics, in which the former were vic- torious, a Catholic priest was sheltered and secreted by one of the ladies of the family in this line of Watkins descent. On the day following, the Catholics routed the Protestants and drove them over the banks of the river Ban. The plucky woman re- 334 ESSEX COUNTY. ferred to drew near to the priest, and. ex- tending her hand in token of sahUation. im- mediately grasped the hand of the priest and dragged him into the river, both per- ishing together. Dr. Samnel C. G. Watkins spent his early life amid the surrounding-s of the farm, and acquired his elementary education in the common schools of the neighborhood. When fourteen years of age he accom- panied his parents on their removal to De- troit, Michigan, and two years later he went to Boston, where, having determined to make the practice of dentistry his life work, he entered the office of a well known prac- titioner, who carefully directed his studies. He obtained a fair start in life, but suf- fered an almost irreparable loss by being burned out in the great fire in Boston in 1872. All his material possessions were gone, but there still remained to him a reso- lute spirit and unlimited perseverance, and he at once set to work to retrieve his lost possessions. He began life anew, spending all his spare time in attending lectures in the Boston Dental College, wherein he was graduated with honor in the class of 1875. The following year Dr. Watkins estab- lished an office in Montclair and soon ac- quired an extensive practice among the best class of residents. He has a finely ap- pointed office, fitted up with the most modern appliances known to the science, and in every way he has kept progress with the improvement that is continually being made in the methods of dentistry. He has ever been a close student of the profession, and is an original thinker whose investiga- tions have resulted in practical benefit. He has made contributions to the dental liter- ature of the country which are valuable, especially concerning the treatment of chil- dren's teeth and the use of amalgam in fill- ing. He is the inventor of a sectional head- rest for dental chairs, which bears his name, and is so much appreciated by the profes- sion that it has caused a complete revolu- tion in head-rests, and he has also made other valuable contributions for facilitating the work of his profession. His inventions include trimming, finishing and amalgam instruments, which likewise bear his name; also a machine for making tapering screws, while the Watkins tooth-brush is recog- nized for its absolute superiority. He has also devised a dental record-book, whose system of entries is simple and eft'ective, which is well thought of by the profession. He has received many honors from his professional associates and is accorded the position of one of the foremost representa- tives of the science of dentistry in the east. In 1886 he was unanimously elected presi- dent of the alumni association of the Bos- ton Dental College. The same year he was elected president of the Central Dental As- sociation of Northern New Jersey, of which he was one of the founders in 1880, and has been chairman of the executive committee for many years. In 1889 he was made president of the New Jersey State Dental Society, and has also been a member of the executive committee for a number of years. He is a member of the First District Dental Society of New York and of the Odonto- logical Society of New York. In 1879 he became a member of the American Dental Association. In 1891 he was made second vice-president of that society, and was re- elected in 1892 and 1893. The following year, at old Point Comfort, he was elected first vice-president, and in 1895 ^^'^^ acting president. He was a member of the clinic committee of the World's Columbian Den- ESSEX COUNTY. 335 tal Congress; also chairman of the state committee of New Jersey, and it was in his office that the first steps toward the Colum- bian congress were taken, and he presided at the first meeting held in New York city, in April, 1890. He is a member of the Na- tional Dental Association, also an honorary member of the New England Dental As- sociation and the Southern Dental Asso- ciation. He has filled the chair of lecturer on operative dentistry in the New York Dental School of the University of the State of New York. Wholly absorbed in the duties of his pro- fession. Dr. Watkin.s has had but little time to devote to local affairs. However, he took an active interest in the organization of the fire department; was a charter mem- ber of Hook and Ladder Company No. i, and is now on the list of exempt firemen, having served for nine years in that ca- pacity. He is a director in the JMontclair Savings Bank, and a member of the execu- tive committee of the Love ^Memorial Library Association, but outside of these business connections his time has been mostly devoted to his chosen vocation. In May, 1878, the Doctor married Miss Mary Yarrington Doremus. daughter of Philip Doremus, one of the most promi- nent citizens of Montclair. By this mar- riage there are three children, namely: Philip Doremus, Anne Yarrington and Lawrence Beckwith. In 1879 the Doctor erected a residence on Fullerton avenue, which was destroyed in 1885. Soon after- ward, however, he rebuilt on the same loca- tion. His office is in the lower story of his residence, and is adorned with a large collection of curios, in which he takes great pride and delight. Socially he was one of the charter mem- bers of the Montclair Club and one of the early members of the Athletic Club, and for several years a director in the Montclair Glee Club; also a member of the board of trustees of the Trinity Presbyterian church. A gentleman of intellectual endowments, of culture and high personal worth, he has gained distinction in professional circles and won the high esteem of all with whom he has been brought in contact. LOUIS V. PFEIFFER. Among the native citizens of Newark is Mr. Pfeifter, whose name heads this review. He was born July 10, 1858, and is a son of Louis and Mary (Becker) Pfeiffer, natives of Germany. His father was educated in that land and learned the trade of a potter there. In accordance with the laws of the country he was connected with the arm_\- for some time, after which he came to America. in 1848. His first location was at Pine Brook, Essex county, but after a short resi- dence there he came to Newark, his home being in New street. He followed various occupations during the first years of his resi- dence here until his industry and economy enabled him to engage in the dairy business in Roseville. He purchased a tract of land of four acres on \\'arren street, lying be- tween Fifth, Sixth and Seventh streets, and made many excellent improvements there- on in order to facilitate his business. His efiforts were there crowned with success, and he acquired a comfortable competence. He was born in 1819 and died February 26, 1873, while his wife, who was born in 1821, passed away August 20, 1893. She was a communicant of St. Peter's church, Roman Catholic, on Belmont avenue, and Mr. Pfeiffer belonged to the Episcopal church. 336 ESSEX COUNTY. They had seven children: Louisa, who was born in 1849 and died in 1865; John Leo, born July 5, 185 1; Lena, wife of John J. Heller; Emma, wife of George E. Heller; Louis v.; Ida, wife of John Millward; and George. The eldest son of the family, John Leo Pfeiffer, was born in Newark, was educated in the public schools, and at the age of fif- teen began learning the butcher's trade. He was energetic and persevering, and as the result of his well directed efforts was enabled to begin business on his own ac- count. In 1873 he established his present store at the corner of Warren street and Morris avenue, where he has since enjoyed a liberal patronage. He is a Republican in politics, and with his family holds a mem- bership in St. Joseph's church, Roman Catholic. He was married in Newark, No- vember 19, 1874, to Miss Catherine A. Ritt, a daughter of Patrick Ritt, and their chil- dren are John L., Clarence, Louis, who died at the age of four and a half years, and Al- bert, who also died in early life. Louis V. Pfeiffer, whose name introduces this article, acquired his education in the public schools of his native city, and on lay- ing aside his text-books became his father's assistant in business. Upon his father's death he assumed the management of the same, and at the age of twenty-three years he began business on his own account in Orange street. His business career has been marked by integrity and honorable methods, and his efforts have been crowned by a merited success. Louis Pfeiffer is a member of the Improved Order of Heptasophs. He was married in the Episcopal church in Newark, to Miss Flora Younger, and they have two children; Mad- eline and Margaret. They also lost one in infancy. The parents are consistent Chris- tian people and have many warm friends in the community. John Millward, brother-in-law of Mr. Pfeiffer, was born in New York city and was a son of John and Sarah (Devitt) Mill- ward, both of English descent. When about eight years of age he came with his parents to Newark, w'here he attended the public schools until he graduated in the grammar department. His education was then completed under the preceptorship of his father, who was a graduate of one of the colleges of England. Subsequently he en- gaged in the manufacture of art novelties, in which he was eminently successful. He was an ingenious and energetic worker in that line, and was the inventor of numerous novelties, being the first to place artificial porcelain Easter eggs on the market. He was married August 25, 1883, to Ida M. Pfeiffer, and theirunion was blessed with five children: Walter, who was born June 21, 1884. Elsie L., born February i, 1886; Edith, who was born September 19, 1887, and died June 26, 1888; Roscoe, who was bom November 26, 1888; and Ida Marian, born June 2T,. 1895. Mr. Millward attended the Episcopal church, and his family still worship there. He died April 18, 1897. JOHN SOMMER, of Newark, was born July 13, 1829, in the district of the Rhine-Pfaltz, in the town of Wachenheim and state of Bavaria, Germany. The town is noted for its production of the famous Rhine wines. Mr. Sommer is a lineal descendant of a celebrated Swedish "graf" or count, who was an eminent gen- eral in the army of Sweden about the year ESSEX COUNTY. 337 1700. The grandfather of our subject, George Sommer, was an experienced gar- dener; and the father, Oswald Sommer, learned the trade of locksmith and machin- ist. In his early manhood the latter wedded ^lary Horn, who was a Hessian liy birth, a descendant of the celebrated Swedish gen- eral, Horn, who took an active part during the wars of northern Europe, and an ac- count of whom can be found in German history. Oswald Sommer's children were: George, who was liorn in 1821, came to the United States in 1841 and spent the re- mainder of his life in Newark, where he en- gaged in the manufacture of locks: Henry, who also was a resident of Newark, served his adopted country as a captain in the Union army during the civil war: Philip is also a resident of Newark: Anna Maria became the wife of George Vogel, of Liv- ingston, New Jersey; Elizabeth is the wife of Henry Lingenfelzer. of Pittsburg, Penn- sylvania; Barbara is the wife of Rudolph Schaaf, of Newark; and ]\Irs. Fannie Zahn and Mrs. Mary Rheinhart, both of Newark, complete the family. Their father was called to the home beyond this life in 1862, passing away at the age of si.xtv-eight vears. The faithful wife and mother died Septem- ber 17, 1883, at the age of eighty-five years. They were both sincere Christian people. John Sommer, whose name heads this biographical record, was educated in the public schools of his nati\e land, and from his father learned the trade of lock- smith and machinist. In 1848, during the revolution in Germany, the family emi- grated to .America, landing at New York, July 7, and thence made their way to New- ark, where seven years pre\iously the eldest son had located. Here our subject worked with his brother as a locksmith and general machinist, and for ten years made his home in Newark. He then removed to Cleve- land, Ohio, where he followed the saine pur- suit for eight years, returning then to his old home in this city, where in 1863 he em- liarked in business for himself as a manu- facturer of faucets and wooden-wares of that class, his factory being located near the present site of the NcAvark & New York de- pot. He afterward removed to Pearl street, where he erected a large factory, and in 1890 purchased the block of ground be- tween Central and Dickinson and Morris avenues, and here erected his present spa- cious factory buildings. Here he is now e.xtensively and successfully engaged in the manufacture of faucets and other special- ties. His establishment is splendidly equipped for the conduct of this enterprise, employing about seventy-five men; and the excellent products which he turns out se- cure to him a liberal patronage. On the 9th of January. 1854, Mr. Som- mer was united in marriage to Miss Eliza- beth Metzner, daughter of Michael and Barbara (Schwinn) Metzner, of the town of W'achenheim, Germany. Her father was a vineyard farmer in his native country, and he died at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1893, aged ninety years; his wife passed away twenty- three years before. Both parents are buried at Cleveland, Ohio. They had two daugh- ters, one being Mrs. Barbara Radway, who resides near Cleveland. To IMr. and ^Irs. Sommer have been born the following children: Barbara, born January 10, 1855, is the wife of Henry Schwinn, a successful tailor, of Newark. Their two eldest sons, Carl and John, are with their father in busi- ness. John, who was born in Cleveland, Ohio, January 13, 1857, and is engaged in business with his father, married Miss Ver- ii— 22 338 ESSEX COUNTY. pillier and resides in Newark; Alfred, who was born June 15, 1862, married Bertha Warner and they have two children, Alfred and Bertha. Henry, who was born De- cember 19, 1864. married Miss Maria Wirtz, and their children are Margaret, Dorothy and Theodore; Louise, who is a twin sister of Henry, is at her parental home; Michael, who was born January 20, 1867, is associated with his father in busi- ness; Emil, who was born May 5, 1870, died at the age of six years. Mr. Sommer is a Republican in his po- litical views, and by his ballot always gives expression to his party preferences. In his religion he shows his sympathies by attend- ing the Lutheran church. He is a genial, courteous gentleman who wins regard wherever he goes. His business career is indeed a commendable one. By ceaseless toil and endeavor he has attained a marked success in business afifairs, has gained the respect and confidence of men, and is rec- ognized as one of the distinctively represen- tative citizens of Newark. JOHN BAIER, during a long residence in Essex county, has ever been numbered among the leading and representative citizens. He is a native of the fatherland, a country that has fur- nished a large and valued population to Newark, the city owing much of its prog- ress, advancement and prosperity to the sons of Germany. Mr. Baier was born in the ortschaft of Pliezhausem, oberamdt of Tubingen, in W'urtemberg, a son of John Baier, Sr., a successful baker and hotel- keeper of that village. The subject of this review was educated in the common schools and entered upon his business career as an apprentice to a brewer. When he had mastered the busi- ness he traveled for two years in the central German states, working as a journeyman, thus adding to his store of knowledge the experience which in after years proved so valuable. In 1850 he determined to seek a home in America. He had one brother and three sisters who also came to the L^nited States. The brother, Jacob, crossed the Atlantic when a young man and spent the remainder of liis life in Newark; Cath- erine married and removed to California; Anna married Mr. Spingler, of Newark; and Justina became the wife of Mr. Zille, of Newark. John Baier arrived in this coun- try on the 24th of December, 1850, land- ing at New York, and soon found work at his trade, as he was a very skillful brew'er. The business at that time was only in its infancy in America, and as he was a skilled workman he was enabled to command good positions. He worked as a journey- man for about eight years, principally in Newark, and in 1859 embarked in business on his own account at No. 103 Springfield avenue, Newark. From the beginning the new enterprise proved a success, and his business increased to such an extent that in 1862 it became necessary to enlarge his facilities in order to meet the demands of his trade. In that year he removed to the corner of Morris and Springfield avenues, and in 1864 he made extensive improve- ments on his property there. At that time he was among the prominent brewers in the state of New Jersey. In addition to an ex- tensive trade in Newark and adjacent towns, he also had a patronage of consider- able magnitude in New York city and vi- cinity. In the year 1891 his entire estab- >^..^ ESSEX COUNTY. 339 lishment was sold to an English syndicate, and Mr. Baier retired from business with a handsome competence that he had acquired entirely from his own efforts. His energy, industry, keen foresight and capable man- agement enabled him to so direct his af- fairs as to win a very comfortable fortune. Mr. Baier was married May 22, 1845, to Miss Jacobina Neuschler, who was born July 26, 1822, in Germany, a daughter of John Martin Neuschler, and to them have been born the following named : Jacobina, who was born December 28, 1845, ^"d be- came the wife of Joseph Neu, a contractor of Newark ; Barbara, who was born August 26, 1846, and married William Hill, who for many years was associated in business with Mr. Baier and is now an extensive real-estate owner of Newark; Louis (2d), who was born October 15, i860, and mar- ried a Miss Roberts, of Newark; John (ist), who was born in 1859, and died in early life, and two children who died in infancy. The mother of this family was called to her final home March 8, 1894. She was a faithful member of the Lutheran church and was well known for her charitable deeds and her devotion to her home, her family and her friends. Mr. Baier gives his political support to the Republican party, with which he has been identified since being an American citizen. He was for three years a member of the board of freeholders, and capably filled that office. He belongs to Diogenes Lodge, F. & A. M., of Newark. He has always been a practical and fair-minded business man, whose ventures have been characterized by good judgment and un- usual caution, and he enjoys the confidence and esteem of a large number of the leading business men of his adopted city. WILLIAM P. CONDIT. William P. Condit, a real-estate dealer of Orange, belongs to a prominent old fam- ily of Essex county. His father, Samuel Condit, was born in Orange, March 22, 1798, and was a son of Samuel and Hannah (Harrison) Condit. He made the occupa- tion of farming his life work and was also largely interested in stock-raising. A pro- gressive and enterprising citizen, he took an active interestin everything pertaining to the welfare of the community and was a lib- eral contributor to church and charitable work. He assisted in the organization of the Second Presbyterian church of Orange, and was one of its consistent members and active workers. He died October 27, 1864. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Phoebe Peck, and was an only daughter, was born June 17, 1801, and died March 29, 1848. The parents of our subject had twelve children, of whom he is the fifth in order of birth. WilHam P. Condit, of this review, was educated in the public schools of his town- ship and remained in his parents' home un- til early manhood. He then learned wagon- building under the direction of Timothy W. Mullford, of Orange, but followed it only a short time, turning his attention to mer- chandizing. Shortly afterward, however, he engaged in the dairy business, which he conducted with good success for twelve years. He is now engaged in the real-estate and building business, and has been a prom- inent factor in the improvement and devel- opment of East Orange. Mr. Condit is also a recognized leader in local political affairs in the Oranges. In 1873 and 1874 he served as a member of the township committee, discharging his duties 340 ESSEX COUNTY. with marked promptness and fidelity. He has at various times filled the office of sur- veyor of highways, and in 1866 was elected justice of the peace. He votes for the men and measures of the Republican part3\ In 1897 and 1898 he was appointed by the courts of Essex county a member of the commission to assess and condemn lands for the Essex County Park Association, and was also appointed on the commission to as- sess and condemn lands for the construc- tion of a railway line in Caldwell township. He has frequently served as a special com- missioner in laying out public lands, and at various times has been appointed by the court of Essex county to act as commis- sioner in the division of estates. Mr. Condit is a member of Union Lodge, No. II, F. & A. M., of Orange; Union Chapter, No. 7, R. A. M., of Newark; and Kane Council, No. 2, R. & S. M., of New- ark. He was married in Newark, June 24, 1862, to Mrs. Emily A. Olds, widow of James Olds, and a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Hubbard) Mead. Four children have been bom to them: Bertha C, who died at the age of three years; Emily; Mary M., a graduate of the East Orange high school; and Watson S., who was also a student in the East Orange high school, and is at present engaged in mercantile bus- iness. TIMOTHY EUGENE HOLEY, a member of the firm of Berg & Holey, dealers in coal and wood in Orange, was born in the city which is still his home, June 30, 1856, and is a son of Timothy S. and Margaret (Donegan) Holey. The latter was a daughter of Thomas Donegan, of Irish hneage. She was married twice, her first union being with James Horrigan, by whom she had the following children: El- len, who became the wife of John Carley; Abbey; Jeremiah, who enlisted in the Union army and was wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, was honorably discharged and mus- tered out as a corporal : he served in Sick- les' brigade, under Captain Murphy, and died in 1868, from the effects of his wounds; Thomas, the fourth child, married Annie Danahy, and had four children, viz., James and May, twins, and David and Ella. The mother of these children died in 1875, ^"'i the father afterward married Minnie Con- way, by whom he had one daughter, Mar- garet. Timothy S. Holey, the father of the sub- ject of this sketch, was born in the parish of Castlemartyr, in the county of Cork, Ire- land, about the year 1820, and educated there. On reaching early manhood he was apprenticed to the baker's trade, which he followed on the Emerald Isle until twenty- eight years of age, when he decided to make his home in the United States. His prep- aration completed for the voyage, he sailed to New York, where he remained for a short time and then came to Orange, where he spent the remainder of his life, passing away on the 26th of April, 1892. He was a good and worthy citizen, an energetic, persevering and economical man, and was much attached to his family and devoted to their interests and happiness. His wife departed this life November 8, 1890, at the age of seventy-two years. Both the parents were consistent members of the Catholic church, and the children are all communicants therein. In the family were five children, namely: George, who learned the hatter's trade and has followed that oc- cupation for a number of years, was mar- ESSEX COUNTY. 341 ried in Philadelphia, but now resides in New York city; Mar}' resides with her brother Timothy E.; John A.; Timothy Eugene and Margaret are the younger members of the family. Mr. Holey, our subject, acquired his early education in St. John's parochial school and completed it in the public schools of West Orange. He remained at his parental home until seventeen years of age, at which time he started out in life on his own account, as an employe of the Del- aware, Lackawanna & Western Express Company. He mastered the duties of that position and serv-ed that company for four- teen years, as one of its most capable and trusted employes. In 1889 he entered into partnership with Frederick Berg. Sr.. and began a profitable business in the coal and wood trade. Their operations are now ex- tensive and their business is constantly in- creasing. Mr. Holey is identified with a number of fraternal organizations of the Catholic faith, including St. Patrick's Alhance. of Orange. He also belongs to Union Lodge. No. II, F. & A. M., and in his political be- lief is a stanch Democrat of the Jef?ersonian type. THOMAS HARROP, SR., a member of the firm of Harrop, Gist & Company, hat manufacturers of Orange, may properly claim recognition among those who by their individual efforts have won favor and fortune. In this enlightened age it is the men of industry, energy and merit who are rapidly pushing their way to the front, and it is these qualities which have gained Mr. Harrop prestige in manufactur- ing circles. He was bom in Newark, New Jersey, on the 1 2th of September, 1832, and is a son of William and Margaret (Williams) Harrop, the latter a daughter of Alexander Will- iams, of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. The father of our subject was a native of England and in that country learned the hatter's trade, which he followed both be- fore and after coming to America. He car- ried on business in that line for a number of years in Newark. His death occurred in 1852. but his faithful wife survived him un- til 1883. They had seven children: Thomas; William: Alexander; John, who died in early life; Jane; John, the second of the name, who also died in early life; and Charles. Mr. Harrop. of this review, acquired his education in the public schools of Orange, and when in his 'teens started out in life for himself by learning the hatter's trade. He followed that pursuit in the employ of others until 1872, when he formed a part- nership with Robert Gist and began opera- tions on his own account under the firm name of Harrop & Company. Later Robert Gist, Jr., was admitted to a partnership in the business, and the style was changed to Harrop, Gist & Company. The business was established on Essex avenue in Orange, but in 1884 was removed to their present commodious and substantial quarters on Thomas street. The plant is very extensive and is equipped with the latest machinery and everv' accessor}- for turning out the most perfect work in the shortest time. The firm have met with more than an ordinary degree of success. Their sales are large and profitable, yet their prices are reasonable. They have won the public confidence by their upright dealing and have established for the house a reputation which is indeed enviable. 34^ ESSEX COUNTY. In May, 1888, Mr. Harrop was united in marriage to Miss Mary Jane Wilcox, and they have two children — Alexander and Grace. They attend the Baptist church, of which Mr. Harrop is a member. His politi- cal support is given the Democracy, but he has neither time nor inclination for public office, preferring to give his attention to his business, in which he is meeting with good success. JOHN REILLY, in his life work, has exemplified the phrase the "dignity of labor." Honorable pur- pose, indefatigable efifort and successful ac- complishment have enabled him to com- mand the respect and confidence of those with whom he has been brought in contact, and though he entered upon his business career in the humble capacity of errand boy he is now at the head of one of the exten- sive manufacturing industries of Newark, which not only contributes to his individual prosperity but also adds to the general wel- fare by furnishing employment to a large force of operatives. A native of the Emerald Isle, Mr. Reilly was born in county Meath, in 1834, and is a son of Brian and Rose (Daley) Reilly, both of whom were also natives of the same county. His grandfather, who also bore the name of Brian Reilly, was engaged in the preparation of flax for the looms as a life-work- With the spirit of liberty strong within him, he took part in the Fenian movement in his native land and with a number of his comrades was transported to Van Dieman's Land, where he died. Brian Reilly, the father of our subject, ac- quired a common-school education and un- der his father's direction learned the trade of preparing flax. In 1837 he bade adieu to home and friends, crossed the Atlantic to America, and took up his residence in Newark, where for some years he followed various employments, scorning not the work that would yield him an honest living. By his frugality and the improvement of his opportunities he won financial advance- ment and his success determined him to make America his permanent home. Ac- cordingly, in 1844, he sent for his family to join him, and his wife, accompanied by their three children, took passage on the vessel Perseverance, which sailed fr'oni the port of Dublin, and after a voyage of sixty- seven days brought them safely to New York city, where they were gladly wel- comed by the husband and father. They established a home in Newark, where the parents spent their remaining days, the father reaching the age of fourscore years, while the mother passed away at the ad- vanced age of ninety. They were Roman Catholics in religious belief. Their family numbered the following named : Cather- ine, wife of Owen Smith, of Newark, by whom she has four daughters, all now mar- ried ; Mary, wife of Patrick Tigh, by whom she has three sons and two daughters; and John, of this review. The last named was educated in the first parochial school of Newark, the same be- ing conducted by Father Moran, in con- nection w-ith St. John's Catholic church on Mulberry street. When his school days were ended he secured a situation as office boy, and later was employed by C. H. and J. D. Harrison and James Duncan, who were associated in business in Newark. While with them Mr. Reilly gained a prac- tical knowledge of the methods and proc- esses of making leather, and for several JOHH REILLY. ESSEX COUNTY. 343 I years he was employed in a similar estab- lishment owned by David Crockett. He worked as a journeyman for Richard Ward for several years and then went to Bloom- field, where he became superintendent of the works of the Newark Patent Leather Company, and on severing his connection with that firm he accepted the superin- tendency of the works of F. W. Dawson & Company on Ferry street, where he re- mained until 1865. He then formed a part- nership with Frank McCormick, under the firm name of McCormick & Reilly, for the manufacture: but the connection was only of short duration and was dissolved by mutual consent. Mr. Reilly then began business alone at his present location, carrying on operations on a small scale with the aid of two apprentices. He stead- ily worked up a good business, however, and from time to time was obliged to in- crease his facilities and the number of workmen. His plant now covers an entire block, and employment is furnished to seventy-five men. Such is the success which Mr. Reilly has achieved entirely through his own efforts. He has advanced from a humble position to a leading place among the manufacturers of the city, and is cer- tainly deserving of great credit therefor. Mr. Reilly is also a progressive and pub- lic-spirited citizen, and withholds his co- operation and support from no enterprise that is calculated to benefit the community or promote the general welfare. He is also charitable and benevolent and contributes liberally to benevolent and church work. In his political afflliations he is an ardent Democrat, and has been honored with local oiifice, to which he has been called by the vote of the people. In 1880 he was elected a member of the board of freeholders and served one term with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. In St. James church, Roman Catholic, Father Callen, in 1856, solemnized the marriage which united the destinies of Mr. Reilly and Miss Mary A. Cogan, a daughter of Peter and Bridget (McAnany) Cogan, both of whom were of Irish descent. Both Mr. and Mrs. Reilly are communicants of the St. Columbus church. Catholic, of New- ark, and have reared their children in that faith. Their union has been blessed with the following children, viz.: B. J., who married Mary A. Hickey: Elizabeth, who died at the age of two years: Rose A., who died in 1883: Mamie, who died when about two years of age: Elizabeth R., wife of Theodore S. Miller, of Newark, by whom she has four children, — Ann Elizabeth, Rose Mary, Theodore E. and Brian S. JOHN FRANCIS PASCOE, a progressive and enterprising business man of Orange, and proprietor of the Or- ange Steam Laundry, located at Nos. 18 and 20 North Center street, was born at West Stockbridge, Massachusetts, and is a son of John and Hannah Pascoe, the lat- ter of whom was a daughter of Daniel and Mary Calahan. John Pascoe, the father of our subject, was born in the town of Helston, Cornwall, England, and by occupation was a practical miner, following that vocation during his lifetime. He came to America when he was sixteen years of age, in 1863, and after land- ing at New York he made his way to Lake Superior and there found employment in the mines, continuing in the same for some time and then returned east, settling at West Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Here he 344 ESSEX COUNTY. soon became engaged in his vocation, and, being of an energetic and ambitious dispo- sition, he shortly after secured the position of foreman in an iron mine and quickly es- tablished himself as a practical miner, since which time he has been more or less identi- fied in managing and operating mines in Massachusetts and New York. At present he resides at Highland Falls, Orange county, New York, where he is highly re- spected as a man of integrity and ability and a worthy citizen. To Mr. and Mrs. Pascoe were born thirteen children, as follows: George, who married IMiss Ida Clark, and with his wife and one child, Delaphine, re- sides at Hopewell Junction, Dutchess county, New York; John Francis, our sub- ject, Alfred, Annie, Frank. Henry, Thomas, Alice, Robert and four others who died in infancy. John Francis Pascoe acquired his men- tal discipline in the district schools of his native city and remained at his parental home until fifteen years old, when he started out in life on his own responsibility, his first position being a clerkship lin a mer- cantile establishment at Fort Montgomery, Orange county. New York. In 1886 Mr. Pascoe came to Newfoundland, New Jer- sey, and there filled a similar position until 1892, when he engaged in business on his own account at Avondale, Essex county, continuing in the mercantile line, and there he met with large financial losses from fire, his stock being but partially insured. Un- daunted, however, by the adversity that had overtaken him. which only brought into requisition that indomitable pluck and per- severance which have ever marked his ca- reer, Mr. Pascoe made another start, this time his venture being the purchase of the Orange Steam Laundry from Dean & Per- rine, and in this enterprise he has reaped more than ordinary success, which is ever the logical result of true merit and intelli- gently applied industry. Only the most competent and skillful operatives are em- ployed in the establishment of Mr. Pascoe, and in consequence of this fact he receives the patronage of many of the best families of the Oranges. The plant is thoroughly equipped with all the latest and highly im- proved appliances and machinery and has a capacity of three thousand pieces a day. Mr. Pascoe may safely be quoted as be- ing a self-made man in the strongest sense of the term, the success he has achieved being the outcome of his individual indus- tiy, perseverance and the employment of honest business methods. He has many friends in the Oranges, who hold for him the warmest regard. TIMOTHY CRUDEN, deceased, was one of the progressive and enterprising citizens of East Orange. He was born in county Cork, Ireland, in the year 1829, and acquired a limited education in the district schools of his native land, where he remained until about twenty years of age. Hearing of the advantages af- forded young men in America and the pos- sibilities for advancement. he resolved totry his fortune this side the Atlantic and made preparation for the voyage. Bidding adieu to home and friends, he sailed for New York, where he landed in 1849. He was energetic, ambitious and willing to work, and soon found employment in Brooklyn, where he engaged as a stone ma- son, having learned that trade in the old country. This occupation he followed for about eight \ears, after which he removed ESSEX couxry 345 to East Orange, and again carried on busi- ness as a stone mason for a number of years. On the expiration of that period he abandoned that vocation and began deal- ing in milk. In tlie new enterprise he was very successful and continued operations in that line until 1886. He had a liberal pat- ronage, and in consequence gained a good income. As his financial resources in- creased, he invested in realty from time to time and became the owner of some valu- able property. His judicious investments, the rise in land and his careful management of his business afifairs brought to him a cap- ital which enabled him to leave his family in very comfortable circumstances. He be- came widely and favorably known through- out this locality and his name was a syn- onym for honorable business dealing. In the early part of his business career he was frugal, industrious, economical and perse- vering, and this enabled him to gain a start which made the latter part of his life much easier, on account of the comforts which he was enabled to secure as the result of his former toil. Mr. Cruden was united in marriage in 1849 to Miss Elizabeth O'Leary, a daugh- ter of Patrick and Margaret O'Leary, who proved to him a faithful helpmeet and com- panion on life's journey, her labors in the home ably supplementing those of her hus- band in the more active walks of life. They became the parents of seven children : Jere- miah, who died in early life; William, John, Margaret, Elizabeth and Patrick, all of whom died in childhood; and Dennis J., the only surviving member of the family. The mother of this family died January 13, 1890, at the age of sixty-seven years, and Mr. Cru- den passed away October 11, 1895. They were both earnest members of the Roman Catholic church of East Orange, and were people of the highest respectability. Dennis J. Cruden, their only survi\ing child, acquired a good education in the schools of East Orange, and on reaching early manhood l^ecame his father's assist- ant in business. He soon made himself master of all the details in connection there- with, and his services are very efficient and valuable. In 1891 he entered the employ of the Newark Passenger Railway Company as night dispatcher, and filled that position until No\ember, 1896, when he resigned to take charge of his father's estate and has since given his attention to the supervision of his property interests. On the /th of January, 1884, was cele- brated the marriage of Dennis J. Cruden and Miss Margaret Dolan, a daughter of Lawrence and Nora (Neering) Dolan, of Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Cruden became the parents of the following children: Timothy, who is a student in St. Benedict's College, in Newark; Dennis; William, who died in early childhood; Lillie, who died at the age of five years; and Florence. Mr. Cruden is a member in good standing of the Knights of Columbus, and he and his family are communicants in the Roman Catholic church in East Orange. ADOLPH HENSLER, deceased, was born in the ortschaft of Gut- enstein, in the oberamdt Moeskirch, Ba- den, Germany, and was a son of Bona- fatz and Theresa (Knittel) Hensler. He ac- quired his education in the schools of his native town, and after coming to America pursued a course of study in the night school of Newark, under the instruction of ex-Mayor Hahne. He then learned the har- 346 ESSEX COUNTY. ness-maker's trade, which he followed for a number of years, with good success. He was industrious and energetic and was ever straightforward and honorable in all busi- ness transactions. Mr. Hensler was also an important factor in the improvement of the locality with which he was connected. He built and owned the well known Harburger's hall at No. 80 Hamburg Place, and took an active interest in all measures calculated to ad- vance the general welfare. He was gener- ous and charital)le, and contributed liber- ally to many benevolences. In politics he was an ardent Democrat, warmly attached to the principles of his party, and on its ticket he was elected to the position of school commissioner, in which capacity he served to the entire satisfaction of his con- stituents. Mr. Hensler was married in NeAvark, in St. Peter's church, Roman Catholic, No- vember 10, 1864, and has had seven chil- dren, five of whom died in early life. The surviving members of the family are: Rob- ert, who was born January 2, 1867, and married Amelia Vegelius, a daughter of George and Caroline Vegelius: and Eliza- beth, who was born January 3. 1870, and is the wife of Robert F. Schuller, by whom she has one daughter, Helen Gertrude. The family are of the Roman Catholic faith, and are well known people of the community. By Mr. Hensler's death the community lost one of its most valued and worthy citizens. ZEBULON MORRIS KEEN is a representative of one of the old fam- ilies of Essex county and a son of John and Penninnah (Sandford) Keen. His great- grandfather, a native of England, founded the family in America, and his son, the grandfather, was Joseph Lake Keen, a na- tive of Essex County. John Morris Keen was born in Essex county, December 25, 1797. and died July 22, 1871. His wife, who passed away in 1885, was a descendant of Captain William Sandford, who came here from the isle of Barbadoes. Mr. and Mrs. Keen were the parents of eight chil- dren, all of whom have departed this Hfe excepting the subject of this sketch. Mr. Keen, whose name begins this re- view, was born September 13, 1828, and spent his boyhood on the home farm. He was educated in the common schools and learned the brick-mason's trade, which he followed for a period of ten years. He then turned his attention to farming and finally embarked in the dairy business, which he still carries on. He has twenty- five head of milch cows, a well equipped dairy, and delivers milk in the eighth ward of Newark, his younger son managing this department of the business. On the 26th of October, 1863, Mr. Keen married Miss Hannah M. Garrabrant, a dauq-hter of Peter P. Garrabrant. a mem- ber of an old and distinguished family of Holland descent that was early established in New Jersey. Mr. and Mrs. Keen became the parents of two sons. John M., who was born August 28, 1866, and was educated in Newark, being graduated in the hifh school, is now in the employ of the New York Life Insurance Company. Horton C, who was born June 28, 1868, and was also educated in the public schools of this city, is now engaged in business with his father. The mother was called to her final rest, July 23. 1896. She was a consistent mernber of the Second Presbyterian church, charitable and kind, and was highly es- (51^^ 7A„.4^:^ ^^:,^!J^. ESSEX COUNTY. 347 teemed by many friends. Mr. Keen also in his youth joined the Second Presbyterian cliurch. He is a Republican in politics, but has never been an aspirant for official hon- ors. He is a modest and unassuming man, honorable in business, straightforward in all the walks of life, and wears his three- score and ten years lightly. It is probable that he will yet be spared for many more vears of usefulness. THOMAS H. CULLEN, manager of the store of the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, at No. 285 Main street, Orange, and a man whose business ability has won continued advancement in positions of responsibility, was born in East Newark, now Harrison, in Hudson county, on the 28th of November. 1857. He is a son of Michael and Mary (Coleman) Cullen. The father was a native of the city of Dub- lin, Ireland, where he spent the days of his boyhood and youth and learned the trade of tanner. He worked as a journeyman for a number of years before coming to Amer- ica, and then crossed the Atlantic to the New World, taking up his residence in Newark, where he engaged in the tanning business for a number of years. He then turned his attention to the grocery trade, which he followed up to the time of his death. He was twice married and the sur- viving children of the first union are Pat- rick and Michael. The former enlisted in the Union army as a drummer boy when fourteen years of age, and when his term had expired, re-enlisted, serving through- out the whole campaign and participating in many of the principal engagements of the struggle. He married Alice Barry, of Newark, and now resides in Bridge- port. Connecticut. Michael is married and makes his home in Newark. There were three children of the second marriase o who reached years of maturity: James Francis, who married Kate Culligan, and died in July, 1896; Mary Jane, wife of Jacob Kugelmann, l)y whom she has four children; and Thomas Henn,-. The mother of these children still survives and makes her home with her daughter in Orange. Thomas Henry Cullen acquired his edu- cation in the parochial school conducted in connection with St. Patrick's church, of Newark. He remained in his parents' home until twenty years of age, and then entered upon his business career as a salesman in the employ of the Union Pacific Tea Company. For a year he served in that capacity, after which he was promoted to the position of manager, acting in that capacity for eleven years in various cities of the east. Later he engaged in business on his own account, and in 1886 entered the service of the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company as a trav- eling salesman. He was thus engaged for four years and was then made manager of the company's store in Orange, where he has continued for seven years to the full sat- isfaction of his employers. He is a man of the utmost reliability, faithful to every trust: and his honorable dealing, courteous treatment of his patrons and untiring en- ergy have brought to the store a liberal trade, making the business one of profit to the company and to himself. Mr. Cullen was united in marriage No- vember 15. 1878, to Miss Mary A. Keenan, a daughter of Richard and Margaret Keenan. They have had the following- named children: Henry, now deceased; Enos. Edward. Thomas, Michael and Man,-, all at home: Francis, who died at the age of 348 ESSEX COUNTY. six months; Joseph, John, Margaret, Leo and Agnes — all with their parents. The parents and children are of the Catholic faith, belonging to the Church of Our Lady of the Valley. Mr. Cullen is now president of Our Lady of the Valley Council, No. 319, Catholic Benevolent Legion, and Council, Knights of Columbus, also Conclave, No. 485, Improved Order of Heptasophs, and the Young Men's Catholic Library Union. He is active in church and charitable work, is prominent in social circles, honorable in business and esteemed at all times for his manly principles. WILLIAM VAN NESS, who is engaged in the manufacture of cider and vinegar at the corner of Dodd street and Sherwood avenue, East Orange, was born in Fairfield, Caldwell township, Essex county. New Jersey, on the 8th of April. 1837, and is a son of Henry J. and Phoebe Ann (Spear) Van Ness. His maternal grandparents were Tunis and Jemimah (Miller) Spear. His paternal grandparents were Isaac and Sarah (Jacobus) Van Ness. and the family is of German extraction. The grandfather was reared to manhood in Essex county and learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for a time. Later he carried on agricultural pursuits in con- nection with the manufacture of cider and vinegar. For over forty years he pursued the dual occupation in Caldwell township. He was a progressive, enterprising citizen, and was highly respected by his neighbors and friends. He was born in October, 1812, and departed this life in 1888. His wife, whose birth occurred in 181 5, passed away in 1872. They were both consistent members of the Dutch Reformed church of Fairfield. Their family numbered four children, one who died in infancy and three who reached years of maturity, namely: William; Frances, who was married and had two children. — Malinda P., wife of Edward Archelarius, and Ada; and Mary E.. wife of Henry M. Bush, by whom she has one son, Ernest E., who is married and resides in Fairfield. William Van Ness acquired his early edu- cation in the schools of his native town- ship and remained at his parental home un- til eighteen years of age, when he began " learning the carpenter's trade of his father, following that pursuit during the greater part of the time until twenty-five years of age. In 1870 he removed to East Orange and began the manufacture of cider on his own account, continuing operations there until 1886, when he removed to his present location at the corner of Dodd street and Sherwood avenue. He here erected a com- modious and substantial mill and is ex- tensively engaged in the manufacture of vinegar. His plant is supplied with the lat- est improved machinery, and the best ac- cessories for turning out a good product, and his goods find a ready sale on the mar- ket by reason of their excellence. In addi- tion to his other business, Mr. Van Ness is interested in agricultural pursuits in Pas- saic county. He erected a pleasant home in East Orange, which is presided over by his es- timable wife, whom he wedded May 26, 1867. She bore the maiden name of Har- riet A. Spear, and is a daughter of William B. and Jane M. (Courter) Spear, both of whom were of English descent and were natives of New Jersey. Two children were born to our subject and his wife, but Will- iam died at the age of four days, and Jessie EISSEX vouyTV 349 died at the age of two and a half months. Both Mr. and Mrs. Van Ness are consistent members of the Bethel Presbyterian church, of East Orange. The latter was one of ten children, namely: Lambert, who is mar- ried and has a family of five children; Mary, wife of Jonathan B. Davenport, of Caldwell township, by whom she has two daughters ; George, who married Sarah Davenport, and has two children: Oscar, who died at the age of sixteen years; ]\Irs. Van Ness; Rich- ard C who married Emma W'ortman, and has four children; John H., who has one child by his first marriage and five by his second; Sarah E., wife of Charles B. Gould, by whom she has five children; Evaline, who died at the age of five years; and James A., who is married and has two children. The father of this family died in the fifty- second year of his age, and the mother passed away in her seventy-sixth year. Mr. and Mrs. Van Ness have a large cir- cle of friends and acquaintances in this lo- cality and are received into the best homes of East Orange. In business circles J\lr. Van Ness occupies an honorable and envia- ble place. Flis success is the natural result following energy, enterprise and persever- ance, which qualities are numbered among his chief characteristics. WILLIAM F. TAYLOR. An analysis of the life record of William F. Taylor shows that enterprise, careful management, keen discrimination and un- flagging industry constitute the principal elements in the splendid success which has crowned his efforts. His business enter- prises have constituted an important fea- ture in industrial activity in Newark, and he is now at the head of an extensive and profitable barrel-manufacturing establish- ment. ]\Ir. Taylor is one of Newark's native sons, his birth having occurred in this city on the 3d of April. 1869, and his parents being Charles R. and Margaret (Struble) Taylor. In the public schools our subject acquired his education, and at the age of seventeen began to learn the hatter's trade. He did not pursue that occupation long, however, and turned his attention to the manufacture of corsets, which he followed for some time. In 1888 he commenced the manufacture of barrels, and that enterprise has since claimed his attention. Under his able management and wise, directing hand the industry has grown rapidly, and in 1S96 he was enabled to purchase a tract of land at the corner of Chestnut and Adams streets, where he has made extensive improve- ments, consisting of the erection of a large and spacious w^arehouse, and his pleasant residence. Since 1892 Mr. Taylor has also been more or less interested in real-estate investments, and has by his judicious pur- chase and sale of realty added materially to his income. He entered upon his business career with a very limited capital, and as the result of hisown eft'ortsis now the possessor of a comfortable competence which he rich- ly merits. In Newark, on the loth of November, 1882, was celebrated the marriage of Wil- liam F. Taylor and Miss Elizabeth A. Head, a daughter of George and Alice Head. Their union has been blessed with three children, namely: Alice E., Margaret S. and \\'illiam F. The parents attend the Bap- tist church. Mr. Taylor shares the political convictions of his father and is a stalwart Republican. In 1897 he was a member of the Republican county central committee, 350 ESSEX COUNTY. as a representative of the seventh district and tenth ward of the city of Newark, and does all in his power to insure the success of his party. He is known as an honorable business man, a loyal citizen and a faithful friend, and Newark has no citizen more worthy the regard of his fellow men than William F. Taylor. MAJOR RICHARD SPEER. The specific and distinctive office of bi- ography is not to give voice to a man's modest estimate of himself and his accom- plishments, but rather to leave the per- petual record establishing his character by the consensus of opinion on the part of his fellow men. That great factor, the public, is a discriminating factor, and judees of the intrinsic worth of the individual. Thus in touching upon the life history of the subject of this review the biographist would aim to give utterance to no fulsome encomium, to indulge in no extravagant praise; yet would he wish to hold up for consideration those points which have shown the distinction of a pure, true and useful life, — one character- ized by indomitable perseverance, broad charity, marked ability and well earned honors. To do this will be but to reiterate the dictum pronounced upon the man by his fellow men. Major Speer was born at Pine Brook. Es- sex county, on the 29th of June, 1839, and is descended from one of the pioneer fam- ilies of the community. His grandfather, who also bore the name of Major Richard Speer, was born in Caldwell township in 1778, and died August 3, 1838. He served in the war of 1812, with the rank of major general, and gave his political support to the old Whig party. Josiah Speer, father of our subject, was born in Caldwell, Essex county, April 2, 1803, and became a well- to-do farmer. His prominence in public aiYairs is indicated by his twenty-six years' service in the office of justice of the peace, and his election to the general assembly for a two-years term. He was strictly tem- perate in his habits, thoroughly reliable at all times and was the trusted friend of all who knew him. He passed away March 22, 1877. The mother of our subject, Mrs. Mary Ann Speer. was born in Fairfield, Essex county, October 11, 1804, and died January 18, 1894. A lover of music, she was celebrated in her day for her superior vocal powers. Her nature was symna- thetic and kindly, and at the bedside of the sick and in the homes of the needy she was often found as a blessed counselor and as- sistant. Her family numbered nine chil- dren and to them she devoted herself with untiring vigilance. Major Speer was fortunate in having the influence of a cultured home, and under the parental roof he remained until starting out in life on his own account. In his youth he pursued the English branches of learning, — history, geography, grammar and arithmetic, — and was graduated in the schools of Caldwell township in 1857. On completing his education he looked about for a trade, for in those days a boy was taught to make himself a thorough master of some useful art. Determining to be- come a builder, he came to Newark when but seventeen years of age to apprentice himself to one of the most expert builders of the day. Within four years he had com- pletely mastered the occupation in every detail and at the age of twenty-one was ready to start out in business on his own ac- count. His first important piece of work RICHARD SPEER ESSEX COUNTY 351 was the superintendency of the placing of a large steam-boiler plant in Jersey City, and the following year he had full charge of the construction of a section of the water- works at Charlestown, Massachusetts. In 1864 he located in Montclair and for several years was known as one of the most extensive contractors and builders in Es- sex county, enjoying a very liberal patron- age until 1873, when, on account of the business depression following the financial panic of that year, he left New Jersey for Parkersburg, West Virginia, where he was soon established in a good business. He erected there many of the finest residences and public buildings of the county, and for nine years was thus connected with its in- dustrial interests. In 1882 he obtained a contract in Richmond, Virginia, and had charge of the construction of the gas works in that city. In the autumn of 1884 he re- turned to his native township, where he again resumed contracting and building in connection with the real-estate and insur- ance business. These interests now occupy his attention, and his well directed labors are bringing to him a substantial compe- tence. When actively engaged in building, his fidelity to the terms of a contract was proverbial, and his relations with his em- ployes were ever of the most cordial nature, for he never sought to reduce wages and was always prompt in payment and just in his treatment of those who served him. His business record is above reproach, hav- ing ever been characterized by entire har- mony with the ethics of trade relations. Major Speer was married December 25, 1861, to Joannah, a daughter of Peter and Abigail Francisco, of Fairfield, Essex coun- ty. She died two years later, and the Major was again married May 13, 1868, when he wedded Miss Rachel Gould, a daughter of Stephen J. and Joannah Gould, of Caldwell, New Jersey. Her father was an extensive farmer and was well known for his energetic work in the Methodist Epis- copal church. Mr. and Mrs. Gould have reared a family of nine children. The Major is an active Republican in politics, for seven years was a member of the Repub- lican county central committee and has eight times been a delegate to the state and county conventions of his party. He has ever loyally stood by its men and measures and did effective service in the interests of his constituents during an eight years' in- cumbency in the ofifice of freeholder. So- cially he has been a member of Caldwell Lodge, No. 59, F. & A. M., for seven years, and for thirty years an active member of Caldwell Lodge, No. 202, I. O. O. F. For thirty-five years he has been an active mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church, la- boring earnestly for its upbuilding and ad- vancement and for the spreading of Chris- tianity among men. A contemporary writ- er said of him: "He counts his friends by the thousands and his best friends are those who have known him the longest." SAMUEL D. CONDIT. Fifty years have come and gone since the name of this gentleman was first placed on the roll of the business men of Orange. New Jersey, and though to-day his years are more than the traditional three-score and ten, he is still numbered among those whose enterprise keeps alive the commercial ac- tivity of the place and thereby promotes the general prosperity. His name is insepa- rablv connected with the business life of the county, and he has been an important fac- 352 ESSEX COUNTY. tor in advancing all interests and enter- prises which prothice moral, intellectual and material growth. Such a man is of in- estimable value to the community with which he casts his lot. The valued citizen is no longer he alone who can marshal his energies and aid in protecting from an armed foe the city of his residence, but also is he whose devotion to public and private duty and whose business energy and ability make him a leader of men and a controller of the affairs that produce the prosperity of his section. Mr. Condit has not only been long and honorably connected with the substantial growth and business interests of Orange and East Orange, but is also a representa- tive of one of the oldest familes of the state, whose identification with the history of New Jersey covers more than two centuries. Tradition says that the original American ancestors came from Normandy; but the first authentic record, written in 1678, names John Condit as one of the property owners of Newark. He left one son. who became the father of six sons, and the eld- est of these, Samuel Condit, is the ancestor of nearly all of the name who reside in Es- sex county. He resided in Pleasant X'alley, and portions of his old home are still stand- ing, while the land which he owned is still in possession of the family. Samuel D. Condit was born in Orange, November 24, 1814. He attended the vil- lage school in his vouth and at an earlv as:e entered upon a mercantile experience in a general store in Belleville. He applied himself earnestly to the mastery of business methods and principles, and in 1847 em- barked in business on his own account in Orange, where he successfully conducted a dry-goods store until 1862. He subse- quently established stores in Fremont and Tiffin, Ohio, and in 1867 also opened a large mercantile establishment in Cleveland, where he carried on business until 1872. He then disposed of his varied interests in Ohio and. returning to his native city, has since conducted a successful real-estate and insur- ance business in East Orange, handling a large portion of the property interests both in Orange and East Orange. He bears a most enviable reputation for reliability and safe, conservative methods, and in business circles his word is as good as his bond. He commands the confidence and respect of all and is freely accorded a foremost place in the ranks of the honored business men of Essex county. In early life Mr. Condit took an active part in political affairs, served as clerk of the town committee for some years and was also a memlier of the board of freeholders, in 1 86 1 and 1862. His marked fidelity to duty made him a very acceptable officer, and he retired from public service as he had entered it — with the confidence and good will of his entire constituency. He is an active member of Union Lodge, No. 11, F. & A. M.. and has been a lifetime member of llie Brick church of East Orange, con- tributing liberally to its support and advanc- ing its interests in all possible ways. On the 8th of April, 1847, in South Orange was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Condit and Miss Mary E. Baldwin, who was born on Sandford street in South Orange, her father having been one of the earliest settlers of that place. Their union has been blessed with ten children, Init seven of the number died in early childhood. Those still living are Frederick A., a real- estate agent residing in Brooklyn, New York; Anna C. wife of J. McWilliams, of ESSEX COUNTY. 353 East Orange; and Marilla, wife of Louis Wood, of Brooklyn, New York. The record of Mr. Condit is that of a man who has by his own unaided efforts worked his way upward to a position of affluence. His life has been one of industry and perse- verance, and the systematic and honorable business methods which he has followed have won him the support and confidence of many. Without the aid of influence or wealth, he has risen to a position among the prominent men of this section of the state, and his native genius and acquired ability are the stepping-stones on which he mounted. RICHARD W. McEWEN, of Whippany, represents a family that has long and prominently been connected with the manufacture of paper on the Atlantic coast, and with his brothers he is now ex- tensively engaged in the conduct of a large concern of that character. The name of McEwen is known to the paper trade throughout the country and is the synonym of honor and straightforward dealing in trade circles. The gentleman whose name introduces this review is a native of Bloomfield, New- Jersey, born on the 25th of January, 1866. The first seven years of his life, however, were spent in Easton, Connecticut, where his father. Robert McEwen, was engaged in the manufacture of paper. The latter, who is now living a retired life in W'hip- pany, was born in Scotland, and as a life- work took up the business which had been followed by his father and grandfather — the manufacture of paper. In his early manhood he crossed the Atlantic to the United States, and in this countrv was united in marriage to Miss Sarah A. Walsh, a lady of American birth, but of English parentage. After carrying on business for some time in Easton, Con- necticut, Robert McEwen removed with his family to Caldwell, New Jersey, and thence returned to his old home in Bloom- field, but is now living in Whippany. By his marriage he became the father of the following named children: William W., who is superintendent of the paper-mill at Malopardis; Robert B., Jesse L., and Rich- ard W., who are connected with the paper manufactory in W'hippan}-. The sons are all married: Robert B. married Mary B. Crawford; Jesse L. married N. Grace Roe; and Richard W. wedded Hannah H. Brown, a daughter of George H. Brown, of Washington, D. C. By the last marriage has been born a son, — Richard W., Jr. Robert McEwen, Sr., became one of the best known paper manufacturers of the county, building up a business of great vol- ume, and the prestige he acquired in this line has been maintained by his successors, his sons, in a manner to merit the admira- tion and the confidence of a critical public. I-JichardW. McEwen was reared to the bus- iness. At an early age he left the school room and entered his father's factory as an employe, passed though every department of the concern and mastered the details re- lating to each. Before reaching the age of eighteen he had acquired an interest in the l)usiness and has since been an important factor in the successful conduct of the ex- tensive enterprise. The factory is one of the best equipped in the country, being sup- plied with the latest and best improved ma- chinery, and all accessories for the manufac- ture of the different grades of paper. The house enjoys a large trade and the success ii— 23 354 ESSf^JX COC'NTT. of the enterprise is well merited by the part- ners, who are all men of good business ability. In politics the McEwen brothers are all Repul)licans and have unreservedly sup- ported that organization during the past eighteen years, being champions of a pro- tective tariff and the sound-money plank as defined in the platform of the St. Louis con- vention of 1896. Richard W. McEwen is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belong- ing to Cincinnati Lodge. Aiadison Chapter, No. 12, R. A. M.. and the Odo de Saint Amand Commandery, K. T. He is also a member of the Topkaow Club, of Morris- town. ANDREW J. VAN NESS. In tracing the genealogy of Mr. Van Ness v^'e find that he is descended from a long line of sturdv. intelligent and honor- able ancestors and that the representatives of the family have been prominent in the history of New Jersey. Two centuries have passed since the original American settlers left their Holland home and came to the colonies, taking up their residence in what is now Bergen county. New Jersey. The grandfather of our subject, Peter Van Ness, was a native of Hilton, and the father. Caleb B. Van Ness, was born there May 4, 181 3. He followed farming ami also engaged in the manufacture of shoes in what was then known as Middleville, New Jersey. His death occurred in 1873. -t^is wife was Mary D. Van Ness, a daughter of Jabez Head- ley, who resided in what was then the vil- lage of Headleytown, Union county. New Jersey. She was born in February, 1819, and died in March, 1861. Andrew J. Van Ness, of this review, was born in the village of Hilton. Essex county. March 24. 1839. and acquired his educa- tion in the common schools there and in the State Normal School of Trenton, being graduated in the latter institution with the class of 1861. He taught school both be- fore and after his graduation, his education- al labors covering a period of seven years. He has spent more than thirty years as a commercial traveling salesman. He also de\-otes considerable time to the manage- ment of his own property interests, and his ability in business aft'airs, his keen dis- crimination and enterprise enable him to secure a comfortable competence as the result of his well directed eft'orts. In 1886 was consummated the marriage of ^Ir. \'an Ness and Miss Mary Condit. who was born March 28, 1844, and who is a daughter of Moses and Maria Condit, the former a representative of an old family of Essex county. Their beautiful home, lo- cated at No. 561') Park avenue. East Orange, is tastefully furnished and is the abode of hospitality. ]Mr. \'an Ness has attained high rank in ^lasonic circles, holding membership with Damascus Commandery, No. 5, K. T., of Newark, and with Mecca Temple. No. i, A. A. N. M. S., of New York city. In poli- tics he is a Democrat. He has performed an important work in recent years through his labors in behalf of the Hilton library. In 1889 he was instrumental in establishing an association which was incorporated under the name of the Hilton Library Association, the original members having formerly be- longed to the Hilton Library Club. Mr. \'an Ness was made librarian of the new or- ganization and in his official capacity classi- fied and catalogued the entire library. He has made liberal subscriptions to the work 'UxitAr-^, Uavu^^tuLli ESSEX COUNTY. 355 for the purchase of books and various equipments, and the Hilton Ubrary may properly be regarded as a monument to his public-spirited interest in the welfare of the community. JOHN C. AHRENS. Enterprise and industry, if carefully di- rected by sound judgment, never fail to win success; and these elements in the character of Mr. Ahrens have made him one of the prosperous contractors and builders of Newark, his native city. He was born March 20, 1857, and is a son of Frederick and Anna (Dammann) Ahrens, both of whom were natives of Germany. His ma- ternal grandparents were John Christian and Anna M. (Mangels) Dammann, and his mother was born in the ortschaft of Beder- kase, near the city of Bremen, Germany, July 18, 1826. At the age of eighteen she came to the United States and took up her residence in the home of relatives in New York city. Frederick Ahrens, the father of our subject, was born September i, 1824, also in Bederkase, and acquired his educa- tion in the common schools. In 1836 he came to America and taking up his resi- dence in New York he secured a situation in a baking establishment. He afteward en- gaged in the general grocery business until 1856, when he came to Newark and for a time was identified with the manufacturing interests of the city. He was also recog- nized as a leader in local political affairs, and was elected to the board of freeholders, a position which he filled with absolute fidelity and satisfaction to his constituents. Subsequently he gave his attention to con- tracting and building, in which he met with marked success. He was a just and con- scientious man in all his transactions in life, and by his perseverance and well di- rected eftorts acquired a competence which supplied him and his family with all the nec- essaries and many of the luxuries of life. In politics he was an ardent Republican, and in religious belief he was a consistent Lutheran. He died July 14, 1889. In New York city, on the i8th of August, 1847, he was married to Anna Dammann, and they became the parents of five children, as fol- lows: Maria, born February 26, 1849, is the wife of Isaac Ward, of Newark, and has one son, Frederick; John C. is the second of the family; Bertha, born July 19, i860, is the wife of William Dresler. of Newark, and has two sons, William and Edward; William, born February 22, 1867, married Katie Hose, and has one daughter, Elsie; Kather- ine, born May 11, 1869, is the wife of Ed- ward Berger, and has one daughter, Elsie Anna. John C. Ahrens spent his childhood quiet- ly at his parents' home until attaining his majority, and in his youth was a student in the public schools, after which he worked at the carpenter's trade and thoroughly mas- tered the business. His efificiency in this line enabled him to begin contracting on his own account in 1888, and he has been re- warded with a liberal share of the public patronage. His work is always well done and therefore gives general satisfaction, and his reputation in lousiness circles is above question. Mr. Ahrens was married in Newark, Sep- tember I, 1881, to Miss Elizabeth Ost, who was born February 11, 1857, and is a daughter of Louis and Catherine (Schroe- der) Ost. Their home is blessed by the pres- ence of three children: Lillie, who was born September 22, 1881, and is a student in the 356 ESSEX COUNTY. high school of Newark; John F., born No- vember 17, 1884; and Frederick H., born January 17, 1887. The parents are both members of the Presbyterian church, and their large circle of friends indicates the es- teem in which they are universally held. In politics Mr. Ahrens is a Republican, but is not an aspirant for office, preferring to de- vote his energies to his business interests in which he is meeting with signal success. CHARLES G. WOLFF, a grocer of Newark, was born in the town of Enders, Delaware county. New York, on the 7th of November, 1858. and is a son of Julius and Naphalia (Grosch) Wolfif, both of whom were natives of Germany. They were reared and married in their native land and came to America, landing in New York. Mr. Wolff had learned the baker's trade in his native land, but not being suc- cessful in' obtaining employment in that line in the city he finally located in Enders, Del- aware county, where he turned his attention to farming. He has since been steadily en- gaged in that occupation and now resides in Morris county, where he is regarded as one of the worthy and valued citizens of the community by all with whom he comes in contact. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wolff are consistent Christian people, possessing many excellencies of character. Their family numbers seven children, as follows: Mary, wife of Abram Beam, a resi- dent of Orange; Charles G.. of this review; Nettie, wife of Samuel S. D. Atkins, of Montclair, Essex county, by whom she has one son, Charles G. ; Julius L., who married Grace Brown and makes his home in East Orange; William D., of Newark, who mar- ried Emma Conklin, by whom he has a daughter, Charlotte, and is engaged in the hardware, steam-fitting and plumbing busi- ness; Jennie H., wife of William Terhune, of Orange, by whom she had two children, William and Nathalie; and Elmer H., who married Beulah Nickerson and conducts the homestead farm in Hanover for his father. Charles G. Wolff attended the common schools in his native county and remained at his parental home until twenty-six years of age, assisting in the cultivation and im- provement of the farm. He then started out for himself as a wholesale dealer in milk at No. 550 Orange street in NeAvark, and soon built up a good trade. He successfully car- ried on that enterprise until the ist of Oc- tober, 1888, when he purchased a tract of ground at the corner of Orange and Gray streets, upon which he erected his present commodious and substantial store building and warehouse. He also erected store rooms at Nos. 548, 550 and 552 Orange street, and occupies the last with a large and carefully selected grocery stock. The ex- cellent line of goods which he carries, his moderate prices, his promptness and his straightforward dealing have all combined to make him one of the prosperous grocery merchants in this section of the state. Mr. Wolff was married in New York city, February 16, 1891, the lady of his choice being Miss Catherine Locherty, a daughter of William C. and Sarah Ann (Yearsley) Locherty. To this union have been born two children: Charles G.. born October 9, 1893; and Lillian Sarah, born October 30, 1895. The parents are both faithful mem- bers in the interest of Christianity, Mr. Wolff being a member of the Presbyterian church, his wife of the Baptist church. He also belongs to Kane Lodge, No. 55, F. & ESSEX COVNTY. 357 A. M., of Newark, and conducts his life in harmony with the benevolent principles of that order. The world would style him a self-made man, and he certainly deserves all the credit which that term implies, for he has depended solely on his own efiforts and has won prosperity by industry long con- tinued, and by honorable business methods which may well serve as an example to others. AUGUST STEDENFELD. The history of a self-made man is always of interest, for it contains an account of victory — a triumph over obstacles and dif- ficulties and continued progress in the field of activity which ultimately yields a good harvest. Mr. Stedenfeld is a type of that class of citizens. He was born November 15, 1849, in Saxe-Weimar, Plankemheim, Saxony, Germany, and is a son of Gustav and Amelia (Letz) Stedenfeld. The mem- bers of the Stedenfeld family in Germany followed the locksmith's trade. The father of our subject was a son of Melchor and Fredrica (Marden) Stedenfeld. of Saxony, and in the land of his nativity learned the locksmith's trade. In 1852 he crossed the ocean to the New World, landing at New York on the ist of May, and in i860 he embarked in business for himself in New- ark, where he carried on operations for many years. In 1869 he removed to No. 25 Springfield avenue and in the line of his trade has done a good business there. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to Ger- mania Lodge. No. 121. of Newark. He also has a membership connection with Schiller Lodge, No. 1468. Knights of Hon- or; Amelia Lodge. No. 428. Knights and Ladies of Honor; and the Improved Order of Red Men. In politics he is independent. He was married in February, 1852, to Miss Amelia Letz, a daughter of Henry and Caroline (Schiller) Letz. There were ten children of this marriage: August, of this review; Albert, who died at the age of nine years; Charles, who died in 1894, at the age of thirty-eight years; Louis, who died at the age of three and a half years; Leonora, who died at the age of four years; Bertha, who departed this life in 1868; Caroline, wife of Adolph Bauer, of Newark; Gustav, who resides in Newark; Frederick, who makes his home in the same city; and Henry, who died in Newark, at the age of twenty-five years. The mother of this family was called to her final rest January i, 1887, and on the 26th of May, 1889, the father married Louise Frey, daughter of George Frey, by whom he has one son, Julius. They belong to the Ger- man Protestant church and are people of the highest respectability. The life record of the father also embraces a period of mili- tary service, he having for two years par- ticipated in the campaign between Den- mark and the German confederate states. .August Stedenfeld of this review was a youth of fifteen years when he emigrated to America and joined his father in business in Newark. In 1870 he embarked in busi- ness on his own account, engaging in gen- eral blacksmithing and wagon-making. He was first located at Nos. 257 and 259 South Orange avenue, whence he removed to his present location at 210 Camden street, in 1894. He purchased a lot thirty-one by one hundred and thirty-five feet, with an L shape in the rear, thirty-five by twenty-five feet. Upon this he erected a three-story structure, splendidly equipped for the con- 358 ESSEX COUNTY. duct of his business, and his extensive trade enables him to furnish employment to from twelve to twenty workmen. He formerly had warerooms at No. 60 Market street, also in New York city for several years. His trade has grown to large proportions and the wagons and carriages which he manufactures find a ready sale on the mar- ket, owing to their excellent workmanship, durability and pleasing appearance. He thoroughly understands his business, is himself an expert workman and is there- fore capable of directing the efforts of his employes to the best advantage. In 1870 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Stedenfeld and Miss Mary Quigley, daughter of Daniel Quigley, a native of Ire- land. Three children have been born to them: Daniel, who was born July 6, 1871, and is in business with his father, married Lena Rensler, and they have three chil- dren — Anna, Almeda and Daniel; August married Carrie Adie and has a son bearing the same name; and William died in early life. The mother, who was a member of the Free Methodist church, died in 1887, and Mr. Stedenfeld was again married, being united to Miss Almeda Green, a daughter of Daniel and Deborah (Brown) Green. They have one son, William, who is em- ployed in his father's shop. Our subject and his wife hold a member- ship in the Free Methodist church, and their upright lives exemplify their Christian faith. Mr. Stedenfeld was formerly a Republican in politics, and now votes with the Democ- racy. He is a self-made man, and having been the architect of his own fortunes has builded wisely and well. His sterling worth commends him to the confidence and good will of all, and he stands high in the public regard. DAVID SMITH CROWELL. The name borne by the subject of this sketch figures among the oldest of the founders not only of Essex county but also throughout the state of New Jersey, with which the members have been identified for several generations past, a number of whom took an active part in the Revolutionary struggle for independence. Of the second generation of their ancestn,' in New Jersey was Samuel Crowell (said to be the son of Edward Crowell or Cromwell, born in i68o^ born 171 1 , who settled upon land that he purchased about 1728 in South Orange, New Jersey, part of which property is now held by one branch of the family. Samuel's eldest son, Joseph, was the father of John, the great-grandfather of David S. John Crowell was born in Essex county, November 16. 1762. His son, Jo- seph Freeman Crowell, was a native of Caldwell, Essex county, and there married Rosalinda Grover, daughter of Rev. Ste- phen Grover. Their son, Stephen Grover, was the father of our subject, and was a man of upright character, very agreeable presence and courteous manner, possessing a broad intelligence and excellent ability, and very liberal in thought and action. He was born in Caldwell, and later became a prominent business man of Newark, to which city he subsequently moved and engaged in mer- cantile pursuits, commencing his business relations with the firm of Heath & Crowell. He died in Newark on the 20th of May, 1854, at the untimely age of thirty-seven years, and at that time was a director of the American Insurance Company. He married Miss Sarah W. Smith, a daughter of David Smith, who removed from Provi- ESSEX COUXTT. 359 dence, Rhode Island, and settled in Newark about 1818, and was a well known merchant here, conducting a large l)usiness enterprise in the line of dry and straw goods and coach trimmings, under the name of D. Smith & Son. He was a wide reader and a close stu- dent and had a varied range of knowledge, making him an agreeable and interesting companion among his social acquaintances. He was of the old school in etiquette and maimers, his business ai)ility was exception- al and made him one of the most successful and prominent men of his day in this city. He was a director in several financial insti- tutions and was a man much respected by all who knew him. Stephen Grover Crowell established his residence at No. 16 Cedar street, where his aged widow still survives, and here David S. was born, on the loth of April, 1847. Mr. Crowell left four sons : Joseph Grover, the founder of the firm of Crowell & Coe, iron and steel merchants and im- porters; David Smith; Stephen Grover, also a member of the house of Crowell & Coe; and Henry Morris, who is connected with the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. David S. Crowell began his business career very early in life, becoming in 1861 connected with the American Insurance Company, which association has continued to the ])resent time. After thirteen years of faithful service, during which time he advanced along the various grades of pro- motion, he was, in 1874, appointed assistant treasurer of the company, and in 1883 ad- vanced to the responsible duties of treas- urer. In every position he has proved him- self able, conscientious and satisfactory, gaining the confidence and respect of his business associates. Various changes have been made in the company during the many years of his service and Mr. Crowell is the only one remaining of those who were con- nected with it at the time he first entered its employ. This experience has given him a comprehensive knowledge of the business, and he has always been regarded as a com- petent officer, possessing the highest integ- rity and good judgment, and these admir- able qualities have gained for him the es- teem and warm regard of his fellow citizens. In 1888 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Crowell to Miss Sarah E. Stewart, daughter of David Stewart, of Walden, New York, and their winters are spent in the old homestead, the scene of his birth, where they extend a cordial hospitality to their numerous friends. Mr. Crowell is a consistent adherent of the First Presbyte- rian church. JACOB KRATT, proprietor of a grocery and meat market at Ne. 276 Main street. Orange, is a pro- gressive business man whose well merited success is the result of his own labors. He was born in Prossingen, in the county of Tuellingen, Wurtemberg, Germany, Sep- tember 23, 1854. His parents were Michael and Anna (Vosseler) Kratt. The grand- father, who also bore the name of Michael, had six sons, named as follows: Johannis, who married and lived in Wurtemberg, Germany; Michael; Paul, who came to America and made his home here until his death, which occurred about 1886, leaving two children, Mathew and Eva: Christian, who married and reared a family in Wurt- emberg, where he spent his entire life; Mathew, who learned the tanner's trade, and after coming to America enlisted in the 360 ESSEX COUNTY. Union army, serving until the expiration of his term, when he was honorably discharged and returned to New York city, where he resided until 1875, since which time no news has been received from him; and Elias, who came to America and located in Cana- da, where he reared a family. Michael Kratt, the father of our subject, acquired his early education in the district schools of his native town, after which he attended a veterinary college in Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, in which institution he was graduated. He followed that profession through his life and died about 1877, while his wife passed away in 1864, at the age of thirty-five. They had the following named children: Rosa, who is now the wife of Henry Kreiger, of Orange, and they have seven children; Michael, who came to America in 1868, married Mary Birk and has six children; Brigitta is the wife of Otto Kazenmayer of Orange, and has one son, Henry; and Jacob, the subject proper of the following paragraphs. Jacob Kratt, the fourth of the family, ac- quired his education in the schools of his native land and in his early 'teens began learning the butcher's trade, serving a full apprenticeship. He then worked as a jour- neyman in the fatherland for a short time, but believing that better opportunities for ambitious young men were afforded in the New World he came to the United States. He bade adieu to friends and family Janu- ary 29, 1873, ^rid on the 14th of February, following, landed in New York, where he secured work at his trade. The following year he came to Orange and entered the employ of Eigner and Hendel, working for that firm for three years, and in 1878 he be- gan business on his own account. For nine- teen years he has remained at his present location and has built up an excellent trade by reason of his honorable business meth- ods, his courteous treatment and his earnest desire to please his patrons. One of the strongest German character- istics is certainly the love for and apprecia- tion of music, and this Mr. Kratt shares in a great degree. He does all in his power to promote a taste for the art in the commu- nity where he resides and is a member of the Maennerchor. He also belongs to the Be- nevolent Protective Order of Elks in Orange, and is popular among both busi- ness and social acquaintances. Mr. Kratt was married in Orange, May 12, 1880, to Francis Kopp, and their union has been blessed with three children: Emma Francis, who is now a student in the high school of Orange; Laura and Walter J. The family attend Grace church, Methodist Episcopal, in Orange. JOHN P. DETTIG. Pre-eminence in any calling is the result of individual merit. It comes not in conse- quence of e.xceptional powers not possessed by the majority of mankind, but by the use. of those abilities which are common to us all, the result being determined by the de- gree to which these powers are exercised. The fact that Mr. Dettig is recognized as the leading "merchant of Nutley is due to closer application, more careful oversight and to greater energy than are displayed by many others, and therefore his success is the just reward of his labors. Mr. Dettig was born in Speertown, New Jersey, and is a son of Frederick and Eliza- beth (Wolf) Dettig. His parents were na- tives of Saxony, Germany, and immediate- ly after their marriage came to America, in ESSEX COUNTY. 361 1 85 1, accompanied by his father. George Dettig. They located in Speertown, Essex county, and securing a farm Frederick Dettig carried on agricultural pursuits. The grandfather was a young man at the time of the French revolution, during which he was captured by the French and almost lost his life through exposure to cold. He spent his last years in the home of his son. Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Dettig reared a large number of children, namely: George, Bertha, Henry, Mary, Albert, Elizabeth, Carrie, John, William, Frederick, Amelia and Edward. Reared at his parental home, John P. Det- tig acquired his education in the school of Montclair, and on laying aside his text- books secured a position as watchman. He was afterward employed as fireman for a short time and then entered a retail grocery store in Nutley. Subsequently he spent three and a half years as a clerk in a grocery store in Montclair, and next entered the employ of J. H. Muchmore & Sons, with whom he remained until 1891, when he came to Nutley and engaged in business on his own account as a member of the firm of Dettig & Vreeland. That partnership was continued until 1893, when our subject formed a partnership with his brother, W. F. Dettig. They carry a large and com- plete line of staple and fancy groceries, and also deal in hay and grain. Their grocen,' is the most extensive establishment in that line in the town and their trade has reached such large and gratifying proportions that four wagons are used in the delivery of their orders. The brothers are thoroughgoing business men, enterprising, energetic and sagacious, and their capable management has brought to them a very desirable suc- cess. On the 28th of November. 1SS9, Mr. John P. Dettig married Miss Barbara Rein- hardt, a native of Livingston township, and a daughter of George and Catherine Rein- hardt. They have two children — Rodger G. and Percy. The junior member of the firm was married June 23, 1894, to Miss Frances Brooks, a natixe of Verona, and they have two children — Sarah Elizabeth and Olga. In his political views John P. Dettig is a stanch Republican, takes an active part in public affairs and is now serving as town committeeman. Socially he is a member of Nutley Lodge of the Royal Arcanum, and of the Knights of Pythias fraternity of Nutley. He and his brother are not only leading business men of the town, but are also regarded as important factors in the public life of the city and lend an active in- fluence to every measure for the public good. ALVIN CASE. One of the influential and prominent citi- zens of Belleville, Mr. Case is now serving as justice of the peace and is a recognized leader in the ranks of the Democratic party in this locality. He was born in Hazleton, Pennsylvania, on the 31st of March, 1866, and is a representative of one of the old families of that state. His grandfather, James Cowen. was one of the leading coal men of Pennsylvania, and one of the first to discover coal in the Lehigh district. The parents of our subject were Jacob \V. and Isabelle (Cowen) Case, and the former was a prominent Republican and a loyal Union soldier who served his country throughout the war of the Rebellion, holding the rank of first lieutenant in a Philadelphia regi- 362 E!('? September. 187O. INIr. Heller was united in marriage to Miss Emma C. Pfeiffer, who was born January 10, 1852. and is a daugh- ter of Louis and Mary (Becker) Pfeiffer. who were of German lineage. By the sec- ond marriage there are eight children: Lucy M., Alfred L., Lydia M., Walter, Ger- trude, Eliza, Leo and Viola. Mr. Heller and his family attend the Presbyterian church, but ]\Irs. Heller belongs to the Episcopal church. Our subject casts his ballot for the men and measures of the Re- publican party, and in all possible ways aids in the improvement and material prog- ress of his native county. His worth as a citizen, his reliability in business, his fidelity to every trust of public and private life, makes him one of the valued representa- tives of Essex county's citizenship. LESTER KIERSTEAD. Emigration has usually been westward, but occasionally there comes to the east a citizen who claims one of the western states as his birthplace. Of this class Mr. Kierstead is a representative, and in his ac- cession to the ranks of New Jersey's people Essex county gained one of her valued citi- zens. He was born in Oregon, Wisconsin, on the 28th of November, 1863, but his ancestors resided in this locality. His grandfather, Isaac Kierstead, was a farmer of this county and spent his entire life here. The father of our subject is John Kier- stead, a native of Essex county, as was his wife, who bore the maiden name of Hen- rietta ^landeville. Her parents were Chris- topher and Elsie (Garrabrant) Mandeville, who resided in Blue Hill township, where the former followed the occupation of farm- ing. Both are now deceased. In 1858 John and Henrietta Kierstead resolved to trv their fortune in the west and removed to Wisconsin, where they resided for seven years. On the expiration of that period, however, they removed to New Jersey, in 1865, locating in Bloomfield township, Es- sex county, where the father carried on agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1892. He and his wife were the parents of ten children, as follows: Elsie. Mary and Charles, all deceased; Catharine, Carrie, Isaac, Lester, Ada, Day- ton, and Mary J., deceased. The family have long lieen connected with the Dutch Reformed church, in which the father held office for many years. The mother is still living and makes her home with the subject of this review. Lester Kierstead attended the Bloom- field schools in his youth and afterward learned the carpenter's trade under the di- rection of Peter Condit, of Bloomfield. He has followed that occupation throughout his entire life, and in 1891 he began con- tracting on his own account, since which time he has erected many of the best build- ings in this section of the county. He is an expert workman and his fidelity to the terms of a contract has secured him a liberal patronage which yields him good financial returns. He is also engaged in the retail coal business in Nutley. and his enterprise and energy are qualities which insure him a successful career. Mr. Kierstead was united in marriage to Miss Eva May Day, a daughter of Robert Day, Jr., and they have two children: Nora May and A'era Pearl. Socially Mr. Kierstead is connected with the Knights of Honor, of Nutley. In poli- tics he has always been an earnest Repub- lican, doing all in his power to promote the growth and insure the success of his party. 368 ESSEX COUNTY. He has often served as delegate to its con- ventions and for the past three years has been a member of the town committee. By his prominent connection with indnstrial interests and his support of all measures cal- culated to promote the general welfare he has won a foremost place among the lead- ing citizens of the community and has the confidence and good will of all. FREDERICK MAURER, whose indefatigable industry and well di- rected efforts have enabled him to win a place among the prominent young business men of East Orange, where he is engaged in contracting and building, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1861, a son of Daniel and Hannah Maurer. His father was born in Hesse Cassel, Ger- many, on the Sth of July, 1813, and his father, who was of French ancestry, spelled his name Maurie. Daniel Maurer received a good district-school education, and after attaining his majority entered the govern- ment service, in which he was employed for many years. About 1840 he sailed for the United States and took up his residence in Philadelphia, where he began the manu- facture of drugs and chemicals, following that industry throughout his remaining days. His death occurred September 13, 1879. He was known as a consistent Chris- tian, a good citizen, a devoted and loving husband and an indulgent father. His wife, who was born January 13, 1830, died May 6, 1868. She was descended from one of the old families of Wurtemberg. Germany. Both Mr. and Mrs. Maurer were members of the German Lutheran church, on Frank- lin street, Philadelphia, and sat under the preaching of the late Rev. Dr. Mann. This worthy couple were the parents of six children: Rosanna, who died at the age of three years; Frederica, who became the wife of Henry Maselin and died in 1880, leaving two children: Gertrude, now de- ceased, and Flora, who became the wife of Otto Adams, of Newark; Conrad, who mar- ried Clara LaFayette, by whom he has two children, and resides in Philadelphia, where he is carrying on business as his father's successor; Frederick; John, who married a Philadelphia lady and died in 1891, leaving two children ; and one who died in infancy. Frederick Maurerreceived hispreliminary education in the public schools of the sixth ward in Philadelphia and was graduated in the Lutheran Academy on Franklin street, that city, after which he spent one term as a student in the New Jersey Business Col- lege. He then engaged in the butchering business, which after five years he was forced to relinquish on account of impaired health. He next found employment in the service of the Domestic Sewing Machine Company, with which he continued for some time, and after following other pur- suits he took up the trade of carpentery, serving an apprenticeship under the late A, E. Pruden, of Newark. After completing his term he served for four years as a jour- neyman, and on the 17th of July, 1890, began business on his own account as a con- tractor and builder. He has erected a num- ber of fine residences in East Orange and vicinity, these standing as monuments to his skill, ability and enterprise. He also built for himself a pleasant home on North Grove street, supplied with all modern con- veniences. He has made a specialty of building houses for sale and has been very successful in this enterprise, adding also to the material development of the city in this way. ESSEX COUNTY 369 Mr. Maurer was married Feljruary 24, 1886, to Miss Mary A. Gray, a daughter of Mattliew and Mary Jane (Howell) Gray. Her mother was a daughter of Joseph Brit- ton Howell, and he was the grandson of a Mr. Britton who donated to the state the tract of land upon which the capitol build- ings now stand, in Trenton. New Jersey. Mrs. Gray died May 3, 18(8. She was a consistent member of the Franklin Street Lutheran church, of Philadelphia. Mr. and Mrs. Maurer became the parents of three children, as follows: William, born in 1888; Frederick Gray, born April 12, 1890; and Harold Mitchell, born December 12, 1894. The parents attend the Baptist church, and Mr. Maurer is a member of Hope Lodge, No. 124, F. & A. M.. of East Orange; also Stella Lodge, No. 133, I. O. O. F., of Newark. Politically, he is a Re- publican. ABRAHAM DAY, a successful and progressive citizen of Bloomfield, who is engaged in the bakery and confectionery business, was born at Woolwich, Kent county, England. De- cember 31, 1856, and is a son of John and Caroline (Cooper) Day. The grandfather, Stephen Day, had a family of five sons and one daughter, but the father died in early childhood. John Day remained at his pa- rental home until starting out in life for himself. He then learned the bakery and confectionery trades, which he followed throughout his life, conducting a successful business in the town of Woolwich. He died April 6, 1874, at the age of thirty-eight years, and his wife passed away at the early age of twenty-six years. Our subject thus lost his mother at the iI-24 age of six years and was reared under the care and direction of his father, acquir- ing his early education in private schools of his native town. While yet in his early 'teens he began to learn the bakery and con- fectionery business of his father, and has made that occupation his life work. In 1873 he determined to seek his fortune in the New World and accordingly crossed the Atlantic to Canada. He at length located in Detriot, Michigan, where he found em- ployment at his trade. In 1878 he came to Bloomfield, Essex county, where he secured a situation as a journeyman in the service of Mr. Lloyd, who then owned the establish- ment in which Mr. Day is now carrying on a profitable business. Our subject began operations on his own account at the cor- ner of Glenwood and Linden avenues, Bloomfield, and in this he was more than ordinarily successful, so much so that in 1894 he bought his present establishment, owning the building as well as a large stock of goods. He has made many improve- ments on the place, has all the latest im- proved machinery for the manufacture of his goods, and places upon the market both bakery goods and confectionery which wins the commendation and liberal patronage of the public. His place is supplied with all modern appointments, and the excellence of his goods has brought to him a large and constantly increasing trade, so that the hope of bettering his financial condition in America has been realized. Socially Mr. Day is connected with a number of societies as a valued and active member. He belongs to the Masonic fra- ternity, Olive Branch Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Bloomfield; Eureka Lodge, No. 46, K. of P.; Bloomfield Council, No. 960, Royal Arcanum and the Conclave of the Improved 370 ESSEX COUNTY. Order of Heptasophs. Politically he is allied with the Republican forces. An important event in the life of Mr. Da}' occurred on the 25th of May, 1881, when was celebrated his marriage to Miss Sarah Ann King, a daughter of Walter King. They have an adopted son, Paul, whom they took to their home in 1896. Both Mr. and Mrs. Day are faithful mem- bers of the Baptist church of Bloomfield, and in the town have many friends, who es- teem them highly for their sterling worth. WARREN VREELAND, of Franklin, is a representative of some of the oldest and most honored families of New Jersey. Ever since Colonial days his ancestors have been prominently connect- ed with public affairs and with the business life of this community. The Vreelands, the Spears and the Masons were all leading citizens, active in the development and up- building of all the good interests of their section of the county, and their names are inseparably connected with the growth and progress of the town. One of the great-grandfathers of our sub- ject was John Spear, who. from the old church steeple in Belleville, shot a British refugee on the other side of the river. The watch found in his pocket was given to John Spear, Sr., who was the great-grand- father of Mrs. Tucker, of Belleville, as a reward for being a good marksman. On a certain occasion a number of horses had been .stolen and Captain John Spear, Jr., who was in charge of the guard house in Belleville and being notified of the theft, undertook to follow the thieves and bring back the horses. Accordingly, after tell- ing his men confidentially what he intended to do, he said, "I want four good men whom I can trust to go with me;" and, turning to Hank Vreeland. he said, "You will do; ai^e there three more who will vol- unteer?" He soon obtained his men and they fol- lowed the track of the fugitives to the Hackensack river, reaching that point in the early dawn of the morning, when Cap- tain Spear said, "We must spread apart, so that if the refugees shoot we shall not all be shot. Hank Vreeland saw one of the men get a horse into the river and mount him in order to swim across with him. Mr. Vreeland fire.d at him, but without hav- ing the desired efifect. Directly he fired again, this second shot freeing the horse from his rider. Just at that moment one of the horses on shore whinnied and the horse in the river turned back. Then said Mr. Vreeland to Captain Spear, "I believe that man had a watch; and I have a mind to dive and bring him up and eet it." The Captain replied, "If you bring him up you'll have to bury him." Then said Hank, 'T guess I'll let him go; but then his hat, — I'll get that;" and in he went and secured it. It was found to have two bullet holes : the first shot was too high; the second was the fatal one. The horses were secured and brought home. Warren Vreeland, our subject, was born in the west end of the old stone house near the bridge on Chestnut street in Franklin, and the first twenty years of his life and the last twenty of his grandmother's w'ere spent under the same roof; hence it is easy to understand how he came to hear of many things that happened in the days of the Revolution. She was a sister of Captain John Spear and a daughter of the John Spear who shot the British refugee men- tioned. 'vnmM ESSEX COUNTY. 371 Captain John Spear participated in many enffag^ements and passed the hard winter at \'alley Forge. His g-randdauehter, J\Irs. Tucker, whose maiden name was Spear, has in lier possession the swortl which he car- ried in the war, his commission from Gov- ernor Livingston, of New Jersey, also his book of accounts, and the watch referred to above. Among the relics kept by Mr. Vreeland may be mentioned a pistol that was used by his grandfather, John Vree- land. in the Revolution. When the Hessians, whom Washington aftenvard took prisoners at Trenton, passed through Belleville, several of the number entered Mr. Spear's blacksmith shop. Mrs. Spear was the only one at home, but courageously she went to the back door of the shop and demanded what was wanted. About the same time the of- ficer in charge of the men arrived and asked the same question. The men replied that they were only getting the ramrod out of the gun; but he ordered them to leave, and then waited beside the old lady until the soldiers had all passed; then he very politely bade the old ladv farewell. It was a common custom for the original Dutch settlers to locate near a spring or brook; and in pursuance of this custom John Spear, the great-grandfather, located some two hundreil yards north of the Belle- ville bridge on the east side of the street. The old house is still standing there, — a landmark of the early days which has viewed the wonderful changes that have oc- curred since the valiant American soldiers fought so gallantly for liberty. John Spear owned considerable real estate in Belle- ville, and the Dutch church and the resi- dence of Mrs. Tucker, his great-grand- daughter, stand upon the land which was formerly in his possession. Other members of the family, including Captain Abraham, Thomas and James Spear, also had large property interests in Belleville and Frank- lin. The Vreeland family were no less prom- inent as property-holders and leading citi- zens, the original Vreeland estate covering considerable territory. The old homestead owned by Michael Vreeland bears the date 1702, and is still standing on the west bank of the Passaic river about half a mile north of the Avondale bridge and now known as "The Bend View House." He had one son and three daughters, the latter being Mrs. John H. Van Riper, Mrs. Jacob Riker and Mrs. John de Vausney. The children all inherited land from their fath- er's estate, and the son, John Vreeland, grandfather of our subject, added to his property a tract comprising about one-half of the land between Chestnut street and Vreeland avenue, which he purchased in 1792. His estate was bounded on the south by Chestnut street, west by Prospect street, north by Vreeland avenue and east by Third river. On it stood the old stone house which still overlooks the brook and in which the grandfather made his home for many years, passing away there in 182 1. He had four sons and two daughters: and three sons, — Michael, John and Abraham, — and the daughters, Ann, wife of Daniel Van Winkle, and Magdalene, wife of John Oldham, inherited the homestead property; while the other son, Ralph, inherited a tract of land on the Kingsland road. Thus the \'reelands l^ecame owners of much of the property in the town, antl in all its af- fairs were prominent and active, aiding in the promotion of all interests for the public good and advancing the material welfare. 372 ESSEX COUNTY. Abraham Vreeland was born in 1791 and married Elizabeth Mason in 1817. His six children are Mary. ]\Iartha, Warren, Har- riet, Elizabeth and Rosa. Abraham in- herited half of the old stone house which had been his father's residence and lived there until 1838, when he built the house which is now the home of our subject, mak- ing in his abode throughout the remainder of his life. His death occurred March 3, i860. He married a daughter of John Mason, who purchased a part of the Vree- land estate in April. 181 1. and the mort- gage then given is now in possession of Warren Vreeland. The tract comprised thirty-five acres, and on the mill site he es- tablished a cotton-mill, fitting it up with machinery of his own manufacture. This was the beginning of the manufacturing in- terests of the town, which have since be- come the principal industry of the people. John Mason also built the stone house now occupied by James R. Hay and which is covered with a slate roof that was laid in 1812. Warren Vreeland. the subject proper of this sketch, is one of the honored citizens whose entire life has been spent in this lo- cality. He was born April 15, 1822, and passed his boyhood days here. March 18, 1847, ^^ was united in marriage with Jane E. Lloyd, who was born July 10, 1819, a daughter of John W. Lloyd, who was a resident of Morristown. New Jersey. He has three children, namely: Virginia, who married William McFarland, and their chil- dren are Eva, Har\'ey and Grace; Everett is not married; and Laura M. is now Mrs. W. J. Tuers, of Jersey City, and they have one child, named Russell. John I. Vree- land, cousin of our subject, was the builder of the bridge and guard walls on the east end of Vreeland avenue. They are dry walls and have stood half a century, the size of the stones being such that he could handle them. One of the best civil en- gineers of the county says that he never had found any one who could equal John L Vreeland in laying a dry wall. William T. Roylance married Harriet \'reeland, the sister of our subject, and his father, Thomas Roylance, was one of the leading citizens of Belleville. He was a master builder : evidences of his skill are still seen there in the fine columns on the front of a house standing about a hundred yards north of the Belleville bridge, built about 1840. These columns were made by hand, no machinery being used except a lathe, driven by a band wheel, which was operated bv two men or one man as the case might require; for there was then no machinery for doing such kind of work. Mr. Roylance turned the bases, fluted the staves and glued them, and carved the cap- itals. It is a remarkable piece of workman- ship, and probably not five men in all the county to-day could duplicate the work. ALBERT HEDING, foreman of the pattern department of the Crocker-Wheeler Electrical Works of East Orange, was born in Newark, July 8, 1866, and is a son of Gustav and Ernestine (Proehl) Heding. The maternal grand- parents, Gottlieb and Ernestine Proehl, both of German birth, came to America about 1850 and took up their residence in Newark, where the former died in 1887, at the age of eighty-nine years, while the latter died in Newark in 1890, at the age of ninety-three years. The remains of both are interred in the Woodlawn cemetery. ESSEX COUNTY. 373 Gustav Heding, the father of our subject, was born in the city of Berlin, Prussia, where he acquired his early education and learned the machinist's trade, which has Ijeen his life occupation. In 1852 he crossed the briny deep to the New World and land- ing in New York made his way to Newark, where he secured a situation with the Hughes & Philips Iron Company, being connected with that house for over thirty- years. He was not only an expert ma- chinist, but was regarded as one of the most faithful and reliable employes of the com- pany. He was married in his native city in 1850 and was accompanied by his wife on his emigration to America. They became the parents of six sons and three daughters, namely: Adolph, who died in 1874 and left one son, his namesake; Henry, who married Louisa Miller, and has four chil- dren: William, George, Henr\' and Ernesti- na; Amelia, who died at the age of sixteen years; Adelaide, wife of William Wanger, who served as a member of the board of aldermen of Newark from 1890 until 1892, and by whom she has four children: Philip, William, Victor and Florence; George, who wedded Mary Pickel and had five sons : William and Victor, now deceased: George, Augustus and William, Hving; William, who resides at home with his parents; Clara, who died in 1870, at the age of four years; Albert; and Katie, who died at the age of four years. Albert Heding is indebted to the public schools of Newark for his educational train- ing. At the age of sixteen years he entered upon his business career as an apprentice at the pattern-making trade in the shops of the Hughes & Philips Iron Company, and after serving a five-years term, in which he thoroughly mastered the business in all its details, he began working as a journeyman and was thus employed until 1894. In that year he entered the service of the Crocker-Wheeler Electrical Company, and after two years was promoted to the posi- tion of foreman of the pattern department. He is especially capable in this capacity and his management of the department has proved both satisfactory and profitable to the company. On the 3d of June, 1888. in Newark, Mr. Heding was married to Miss Margaret Fox, a daughter of John and Margaret (Reichen- berger) Fox. They have had three chil- dren, Frederick W. ; Clara, who died June 3, 1891, and Albert. The parents are worthy members of the German Lutheran church, of Newark. R. S. FRANCISCO is the senior member of the well known firm of W. H. and R. S. Francisco, leading dairymen of Caldwell township. Our sub- ject was born in that township, on the farm which was occupied by his grandparents and his parents, Jacob C. and Elizabeth (Francisco) Francisco. In the schools of Caldwell he acquired his education, and at the early age of fourteen years started out on his business career by driving a milk wagon for his father. He continued that labor until the death of his father, in 1890, when in connection with his brother he succeeded to the extensive dairy business which the father had established, and which they have conducted with steadily increas- ing success. In 1894 they established a large distributing depot in Montclair, and, while W. H. Francisco attends to the man- agement of the large farm and extensive dairy interests in Caldwell township, R. S. 374 ESSEX COUNTY. Francisco superintends the distribution and sale of milk in the city. He is a very pro- gressive, enterprising and wide-awake young business man. Industry is one of his marked characteristics, and sound judg- ment in matters of commercial concern has been a marked factor in his prosperity. Mr. Francisco exercises his right of fran- chise in support of the men and measures of the Republican party, and does all in his power to promote the growth and insure the success of that political organization. He is also a member of the society of the Shield of Honor, of Newark, and is a popu- lar gentleman, whose genial manner has gained him a host of warm friends. LEWIS GROVER LOCKWARD was born July 14, i83q, at Caldwell, New Jersey, the son of Dr. John T. and Char- lotte (Personette) Lockward. Dr. Lock- ward was born in New York city in 1808, graduated at the Maryland State Medical College in 1833, and in 1835 located at Caldwell, where he followed his profession until his death, which occurred in 1843, He was a skillful physician and surgeon and had an extensive practice. His wife was a daughter of Abram Personette, of Cald- well, whose family was of Huguenot de- scent. Lewis G. acquired his education in the schools of Caldwell and vicinity. In 1867 he engaged in the manufacture of tobacco and cigars at Caldwell, as a member of the firm of Campbell, Lane & Company. He withdrew from the business in 1874 but returned in i879,and is still en- gaged in it, the present style of the firm being Lane & Lockward. The business, which is a large and profitable one. has been carried on continuously at the present loca- tion since 1806; it extends through north- ern and central New Jersey and the adjoin- ing sections of New Yorkand Pennsylvania, and the firm enjoys a most enviable reputa- tion in the trade. Mr. Lockward takes an active interest in local affairs and in the pub- lic schools. He has been prominently identified with the Democratic party and honored with a number of offices, which he has filled with a fidelity that has won him a high com- mendation. He was a member of the town- ship committee of Caldwell (before the township of Verona and the borough of Caldwell were set off from it) in 1872 and again in 1886, collector 1877-79, '^'''d mem- ber of the board of freeholders of Essex county 1874-76. He was also elected the first mayor of the borough of Caldwell. Feb- ruary 9, 1892, and filled that position until May, 1894, declining a re-election. For sixteen years, from 1882 to 1898, he has been a member of the board of education of Caldwell and for the past nine years has been its president. He was president of the Caldwell Building & Loan Association 1891-3- Mr. Lockward is a leading member of the Masonic fraternity, having been elected a member of Caldwell Lodge, No. 59. F. & A. AL, February 6, 1863; he served as Junior Warden in 1864 and filled the posi- tion of Worshipful Master in 1865, 1867, 1878, 1879 ^"d 1890. He joined Union Chapter, No. 7, R. A. M., of Newark, Octo- ber 8, 1866; Damascus Commandery, K. T., of Newark, September i, 1870, and the Masonic Veterans' Association of New Jer- sey, January 2, 1891. On the 5th of October, 1871, ]\Ir. Lock- ward was married to Miss Anna M., daugh- ter of Zenas C. and ^lary (Harrison) Crane. =^1_ 0X. CU--> "^ ESSEX COUXTY. 375 Tlie Crane and Harrison families are among the oldest in this part of Xew Jersey. They came originally from Connecticut and lo- cated in Newark and vicinity in 1666, pur- chasing their lands from the Indians. Mr. and Mrs. Lockward have had three chil- dren, namely : Lewis Gibson, was born August 7. 1872, and died December 28, 1875; Robert Crane, born June 19, 1874; and Lynn Grover, born June 15, 1878. They are members of the Caldwell Presby- terian church and prominent in religious and social matters. Mr. Lockward has been president of the church board of trus- tees since 1896. He is a gentleman of refined tastes and culture, public-spirited, liberal, and popular with his many friends and associates, w'hose confidence he enjoys to a marked degree. JOSEPH W. PLUME. There is perhaps no citizen of Essex county more clearly entitled to definite rep- resentation in this compilation than is he whose name initiates this paragraph, the elements making this representation pe- culiarly compatible being determined not through one source but se\eral. His line- age traces down through the past to touch intimately the ancestral honors of those who were prominent in the settlement of the New World, conspicuous in colonial an- nals, stalwart patriots when the struggling colonies strove to throw off the unjust yoke imposed by the British throne: those whose names stand illustrious on the pages of civic and public history through the many suc- cessive generations, and in whose deeds and lives a sterling worth reposed. He himself, to whom this brief review is directed, has gained distinctive prestige as a man of affairs, has shown that it was his to inherit the deepest patriotism and to manifest it by valorous deeds when the cataclysm of civil war deluged the imperiled country with hu- man blood, shed in internecene tumult, and all these are points which call for recogni- tion in any work purporting to touch upon the history of Essex county or the state of New Jersey. In agnatic ancestry Major General Jo- seph \V. Plume is a lineal descendant of Samuel Plume, a member of the colony from Branford, Connecticut, who settled in Newark in 1666, and through his grand- father he is descended from Captain Bastian Msscher, a Dutch navigator, who with Hendrick Hudson, in 1609, explored the upper Hudson, and subsequently organ- ized the "'colonie of Renssalaerwyck," where the city of Albany now stands. The grandfather of our subject on the ma- ternal side was Dr. William Turk, of the United States navy, a descendant of An- tonie Janssen Salers. a wealthy Hollander, who settled at Gravesend, Long Island, in 1 63 1. Dr. Turk married a daughter of Cap- tain John Livingston, of New York, she being of the fourth generation in descent from Robert Livingston, grandfather of \\illiam Lixingston. governor of New Jer- sey during the entire Revolutionary period. Robert Livingston emigrated from Scot- land to America in 1674. and subsequently Ijecame tlie original grantee of the cele- brated baronial manor of that name on the Hudson. Joseph W. Plume, the immediate sub- ject of this sketch, was born in Troy, New York, on the 23d of August, 1839. In 1843 Joseph W. accompanied his parents upon their return to Newark, and this city has continued to be his home during all the in- 3/6 ESSEX COUNTY. tervening years. He received his educa- tional discipline in the best private schools of the place and period, and in his early youth turned his attention to practical busi- ness life, becoming associated with banking enterprises, with which important line of business he has ever since been intimately identified, having held the exacting and re- sponsible position as cashier of the Manu- facturers' National Bank of Newark from the time of its organization in 1871. On May i, 1897, General Plume gained the distinguished honor of being presented with a medal in recognition of the fact that he had seen forty years of service in connec- tion with the military organizations of the state. That this represents an exceptional honor may be inferred from the fact that he was the first one ever eligible for such a medal in the state. In 1857 he enlisted as a private in the ranks of Company C, of the City Battalion of Newark, an organization which enjoyed a high prestige during its existence, by reason of its fine personnel and tactical proficiency. He remained a private in this battalion for four years, and on May 29, 1861, was commissioned first lieutenant and adjutant of the Second New Jersey Volunteers, retaining this incum- bency until February 15, 1862, when he was appointed aide-de-camp on the staff of Brigadier General William H. French, the commander of the third brigade of Sum- ner's division. On the ist of June, 1862, he received the appointment as acting assist- ant adjutant general of the third division of the second corps. He resigned this ofifice December 19, 1862. with a view of accept- ing the position of assistant adjutant gen- eral. The resignation was accepted on the 30th of January, 1863, and when, thirteen davs later, General Plume was offered a commission as captain, and the ofiice of as- sistant adjutant general, he declined them and retired from the service, as he believed that he was justly entitled to at least the rank of major. His service was one of act- ive and arduous nature, and he showed himself never less than the valiant soldier and the true and loyal patriot. While with the army of the Potomac he participated in the following important engagements: The battles of First Bull Run, Yorktown, Fair Oaks. Seven Pines, Gaines" Mills, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, White Oaks Bridge, Malvern Hill. Second Bull Run. Antietam and Fredericksburg. On the 4th of November, 1863, General Plume received the appointment as major and brigade inspector of the National Guard of the state of New Jersey, and with- in the following year, on the recommenda- tion of United States Senator William Wright, he was appointed a first lieutenant in the regular army, but declined the honor. In the organization of the Thirty- seventh Regiment of New Jersey \'olun- teer Infantry he was elected its colonel, but felt constrained to refuse the compliment thus accorded him, ])y reason of the fact that the regiment had enlisted for one hun- dred days' service only. July 6, 1865, he was commissioned colonel of the Second Regiment. New Jersey Rifie Corps, and on April 26, 1869, was elected colonel of the Second Regiment of the New Jersey Na- tional Guard. On May 8th of the same year a still higher preferment was granted him. since he was then commissioned briga- dier general of the First Brigade of the Na- tional Guard of New Jersey, and on the tenth anniversary of that day received, through General McClellan, who was then governor, the commission as brevet major ESSEX COUNTY. 377 general of the National Guard of the state. April 4, 1885, General Plume, whose con- stant and lively interest and marked mili- tar}- ability well entitled him to this recog- nition, was commissioned major general of the National Guard, to succeed General Gershom Mott, whose sudden death had caused the position to be vacant. General Plume is not only honored by, l)ut retains the affectionate regard of the military body over which he is placed in charge, and his long service makes him a conspicuous fig- ure in the militarv historv of the state. JAMES BOOTH, deceased, was for many }ears an integral part of the industrial life of Newark, and the measure of his usefulness in business circles was very large. He was born in England in 18 1 2 and was a son of George and Rachel (Greenhalch) Booth, also natives of the same country. Both spent their last years in Newark, where the father died, at the age of seventy-five, and the mother also de- parted this life. They had six children, namely: Joseph, who was the first of the family to come to America and settled in Newark; Elizabeth, who is the wife of Daniel \\'alsh. of Newark, and the mother of five children; James, of this sketch; George, who married Nancy Prest, of New London. Connecticut, and had five chil- dren; ^^'illiam, who married a Miss Duck- worth, of New York city, and had two chil- dren; and Edward, who married Helma Halloran. of New Orleans. Louisiana, and had five children. James Booth spent the days of his boy- hood and youth in the land of his nati\-ity, acquiring a good common-school educa- tion and while still in his 'teens learned the hatter's trade. In early manhood he de- cided to seek a home and fortune in Ameri- ca, and. accompanied by his sister Rachel he sailed to New York and joined his brother Joseph, who some time previously had crossed the Atlantic. Taking up his residence in Orange, he soon found em- ployment at his trade, which he followed for a few years, and then returned to the land of his nativity. In a short time, how- ever, he again emigrated to the New World, accompanied by his parents. The father and sons worked at the hatter's trade in Newark as emi)loyes for some time and then established a hat factory, conducting a successful business under the name of George Booth & Sons. After the father's death the sons carried on the business until 1 87 1, in which year our subject retired. He had realized his boyhood's dream of a suc- cessful future, and found in America the prosperity for which he labored. His busi- ness had grown to extensive proportions and yielded to the proprietors a handsome income; so. with his capital to meet his wants through his remaining years, he re- tired to private life in 1871. Mr. Booth was married on the 17th of September, 1854. to Sabina Hannah Duck- worth, a daughter of George and Ann (Cheatham) Duckworth, both of whom were natives of England. Of this union were born six children who grew to man- hood and womanhood: Annie C who com- pleted her education in Mrs. Trippe's La- dies' Seminary, of Newark: Alice: Charles M. O., a graduate of Miller's Business Col- lege, of Newark, who married Bessie Mon- roe, a daughter of \Mlliam D. and Elizabeth (Monroe) Adams; Virginia Isabelle. a grad- uate of the East Orange high school; Al- fred C, a graduate of Miller's Business Col- 378 ESSEX COUNTY lege, of Newark; and Edna Florence, also a graduate of the East Orange high school. For many years the father of this family was prominently connected with the indus- trial and financial institutions of Newark, and his sound judgment and wise counsel in affairs of business aided in bringing success to a number of enterprises. For a number of years he was a director in the Essex County National Bank, of Newark. He passed away September 2, 1878, and his death was mourned in business and social circles. He was a consistent Christian, a faithful friend, a reliable business acquaint- ance and an indulgent and loving husband and father. ^Irs. Booth and her family still reside on the old homestead in North Grove street, and the family attend the Presbyterian church on Arlington avenue. East Orange. WILLIAM H. WEBSTER. For three-quarters of a century William H. Webster has watched the progress made by the American people, and in the com- munities with which he has lieen identified has ever been known as an important factor in promoting the public good. He now resides in Belleville, and is accounted one of its leading citizens. He was born in the town of Hempstead, on Long Island, Oc- tober 27, 1822, and was a son of Charles Webster, whose death occurred many years ago. At the age of si.xteen he removed to Belleville and through sixty years has been the promoter of the varied interests which have brought advancement and pros- jierity to the community. For some years he was sttccessfully engaged in merchandiz- ing, and in 1864 was elected to the ofifice of surrogate of Essex county, on the Repuli- lican ticket, acceptably filling that position for five years. On the expiration of that period he retired from office and Ijecame a member of a well known lumber firm of Newark, with which he was connected for many years. His well directed business efforts, his honorable dealing and his enterprise brought him prosperity and he is now living retired, enjoying a rest that he has truly earned. He has long been active in all the affairs of Belleville township, and has held most of the township offices. In his early life his political support was given to the Whig party, but on the organization of the Republican party he joined its ranks. ELIAS SAYRE WARD, one of the leading men of Newark, was for many years identified with the various inter- ests that promoted the greatness and pros- perity of the city. He was prominent as a manufacturer, a railroad organizer, and a politician. He died December 23, 1896, at the age of fifty-four, and it may truly be said that few men in private life have rounded out a term of fifty years more useful to the world and serviceable to his generation than did Elias Sayre Ward. He came of Revolu- tionary stock, his ancestors having been among the first settlers of Newark, who came from Connecticut in 1666. He was born at Afton. Morris county. New Jersey, November 28, 1842, the oldest son of Moses Dodd and Louisa Sayre Ward. He spent his boyhood and youth on the pa- ternal farm, completed his education at the Bloomfield Academv, and entered business life as a salesman for a New York house. In this capacity he became very widely known; nature had eminently qualified him for the duties assigned him, his conscien- tiousness and exhaustless vitality combined z^^ ESSEX COUXTY 379 witli his genial nature to make him, from the outset, one of the best known men in his Hne, and subsequent events maile liis name familiar to every commercial traveler of that day. Through his etiforts was brought about the Commercial Travelers' Associa- tion, and his refusal to submit to the special tax levied in several states upon salesmen from other states led to a suit carried on in his name, which was decided in his favor by the United States supreme court. Since then such taxes have not been levied. Later in life Mr. Ward was, for a few years, a member of the tirm of Butler & Ward. He was also for one year associated with T. P. Howell & Company. He severed this relation to begin, in 1879, the manufac- ture of patent and enameled leather. This business he carried on to the time of his death. Mr. Ward was a man of great energy, keen discrimination and untir- ing perseverance, and these c[ualities made him a valuable factor in the business world. He was a director of the Prudential Life Insurance Com- pany of America, and for a number of years served as chairman of its executive committee. In 1889-90 he organized the Rapid Transit Railroad Company, of New- ark, and was elected its president. The pub- lic of that city is indebted to him for the introduction of the electric-trolley system of rapid transit. In 1892 he organized the Newark and South Orange Railway Com- pany, of which he was chosen president, and in that capacity superintended the conduct of both enterprises until his death. In 1894 he was one of the organizers of the Bridge- port Traction Company of Bridgeport, Con- necticut, and was made its vice-president. Politically, Mr. Ward was prominently identified with the Republican party and in 1895 received the unanimous support of the county for the nomination for governor on the Republican ticket. His opinions car- ried weight and influence in the counsels of his party and he viewed all political ques- tions from the broad and practical stand- point of the business man who is conversant with the needs of his nation. He was very charitable and gave freely to various benev- olent enterprises. His life was in all re- spects above reproach, and Mr. Ward ranked among the most honored, esteemed and useful members of the society in Essex county. On the 4th day of March, 1873, h^ mar- ried Anna D., only daughter of Joel M. Bonnell. Of this union five children were born: Jessie B., Robertson S., Allan B., Charles B. and Laurence. THE WARD FAMILY. The Wards have been famous as founders and builders from the time they came over with the Conquerer in 1066, to the landing of the Connecticut pilgrims in Newark, in 1666, and the history of this family is inter- woven with the growth and prosperity of New Jersey from the latter period to the present time. From the coat armor and motto of one branch of the family it is prob- able they were engaged in the crusades. They bore arms, — azure a cross patonce or, a mullet for difiference; crest, a Saracen's head affrontee, couped below the shoulders ppr. : motto, "Sub cruce salus." x\mong the number who accompanied William the Con- querer from Normandy was "Ward, one of the noble captains." The name of William de la Ward appears in 11 75 as residing in Chester. From 1349 a succession of eleven generations of one family is found there, in each of which the names and head of the 38o ESSEX COUNTY. family was : In the first Ralph, in the sec- ond Richard, in the third, fourth and ninth, John, and in the eleventh, Thomas, who had sons. John and William. One, William Ward, was the first Earl of Derby, of Dud- ley Castle. The Wards of Connecticut and New Jer- sey are descended from Robert Ward, of Houton, Parva, Northamptonshire, Eng- land. He married Isabel Stapley, of Dun- church, county Warwick, England. They had a son, — James Ward of the same place, who mar- ried Anna or Alice Fawkes, of Dunchurch. Their son, Stephen Ward, married Joyce Traford, of Leicestershire. After his death, the widow removed with her children to New England in 1630, and settled in 1635 in Wethersfield, Connecticut, being among the original settlers of that town. She died in 1640. Her will is nearly the first in the colony records, and names Edward, An- thony, John and Robert as her children. John Ward, the fourth child of Stephen, was known as "John Ward, Sr.," "Sergeant Ward," "Lieutenant Ward," and "Mr. Ward." He was one of the original settlers or founders of the plantation of Totoket. named Branford in 1646. Lawrence and George Ward, brothers, who came from England with John, and were no doubt closely related to him. were also associated in the founding of Branford, which then composed a part of the New Haven colony. Lawrence Ward, who took the oath of fidelity at New Haven at the organization of the government, was employed by the governing magistrates to search for the reg- icides, Whaley and Goffe, at Milford, where, of course, he knew they were not to be found. George Ward signed the Fundamental Agreement of the New Haven colony in 1639, and with his brother, Lawrence, was one of the founders of Branford. John Ward, Sr., Lawrence Ward, to- gether with Josiah and John, Jr., sons of George Ward, all came with the pilgrims to Newark in 1666. Lawrence died in 1670 without issue. Josiah, brother of John Ward, Jr., married Elizabeth Swaine, who, it was said, was the first one on shore at the landing of the pilgrims on the Passaic. He died soon, leaving one son, Samuel. John Ward, Sr., and John Ward, Jr., the "Turner," received their division of home lots near the Passaic river, and Vived there for a few years. From 1675 to 1679 both took up lands at or near the Second river, in Watsessing, now Bloomfield, where they settled soon after. Both left many de- scendants. John Ward. Jr., son of George Ward, was born in England, and came with his par- ents to this country and was one of the orig- inal settlers of the New Haven colony. He was one of the founders of Branford, which formed a part of the New Haven colony. He came with the Branford colonists to Newark in 1666-7, ^^'^ i" the first division of "Home Lotts" his six acres were located between High and Washington streets, ad- joining that of Delivered Crane. About 1675 he took up land on the Second river, in what is now Bloomfield, but probably did not remove thence until the opening of the highway from Newark. He married Sarah , and had children : Sarah ; John, born 1654; Samuel, born 1656; Abigail, married John Gardner; Josiah. born about 1660; Nathaniel, married Sarah Harrison; Mary, married Thomas Davis; and Caleb, "the honest and pious." Josiah Ward, son of John Ward, Jr., and ESSEX COUNTY. 381 Sarah , was born in Branford, Connect- icut, about 1660. He moved with his par- ents to Newark and tiience to Bloomfield, or what was then known as Watsesson. He married Mary Kitchell, a descendant of Robert Kitchell, one of the original settlers of Quinnepiac, or New Haven, and after- ward of Newark. They had children. Sam- uel, Robert, Josiah, Lawrence, born 17 10. Lawrence Ward, son of Josiah and Mary (Kitchell) Ward, was born, probably in Bloomfield, in" 1 710. and died in 1793. He married Eleanor Baldwin. In his will. dated May 3, 1775 (now among the papers of the New Jersey Historical Society.) he gives to his sons Jacob. Jona. Stephen and Samuel, "all my estate both lands and mead- ows, and all my movable estate, both here and elsewhere." To his son Cornelius, he gives five pounds. The will is witnessed by David, LTzal and John Dod. Jacob Ward, son of Lawrence and Elea- nor (Baldwin) Ward, was born in Bloom- field about 1750. He served with the Essex county militia in the war of the Revolution, and was a man of considerable prominence m the county, as appears by the following entry in the Newark Town Records, under the head of resolutions "adopted at an an- nual Town Meeting held in the Township of Newark the nth day of April, 1808:" "5th. That the next annual election be opened at the house of Jacob Ward, in Bloomfield. and continued there during the first day and adjourned to the Court house in Newark as usual." The same resolution w-as repeated at an annual town meeting held the 9th day of April, 1810. Jacob Ward had among other children a son. Jacob. Jacob Ward (2d), son of Jacob Ward (ist), was born in Bloomfield about 1780. He was an elder in the Presbyterian church at Bloomfield and was one of the early members, if not an original member, of that church. He moved to Columbia, now Af- ton, Morris county, in 1800, where he pur- chased a farm. He was an elder in the Pres- byterian church at Hanover, the nearest church to Columbia, and equally prominent in that community. He married Abigail Dodd, daughter of Moses and Lois (Crane) Dodd, of Isaac, son of Daniel (3d), son of Daniel (2d), son of Daniel (ist), the ances- tor. They had thirteen children, among whom were Moses Dodd. Jacob and Sam- uel Davies. Moses Dodd Ward, son of Jacob and Abi- gail (Dodd) Ward, was born at the old homestead in Bloomfield, in 1806. He went with his parents when six years of age to Columbia, in Morris county, where, like his ancestors, he followed the life of a farmer. He was a man of strong character, and with a difYerent environment would have suc- ceeded in almost any undertaking. He was an elder and one of the pillars in the Han- over Presbyterian church and a man of strong religious convictions. He raised a family of strong, robust children, all of whom have made their mark in the world and have developed remarkable business sa- gacity. Mr. Ward married Justina Louisa Sayre, daughter of Elias Sayre, son of Ebenezer, of Ebenezer, probably the grand- son of Joseph Sayre, the New Jersey ances- tor, who was the son of Thomas. Thomas Sayre, the ancestor, died in 1671, came from Bedfordshire, England, and set- tled in Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1635. He was one of the eight original "undertakers" of the town of Southampton, in 1640. The Sayre homestead, built in 1648. which is still in a good state of preservation, is said to 382 ESy^EX C0U7sTY. be the oldest house in the state of New York, and one of the oldest in the country. The massive timbers and covering of tliick cedar shingles are sufficient to insure its re- maining for years to come as a curious and interesting relic of a long past age. At a time of a threatened Indian outbreak in 1666, it was one of the rallying places of the inhabitants in case of a night attack. The house is still in the hands of the Sayre fam- ily, ten generations having been born and died within its walls. The name of Sayfe is said to be derived from assayer, a crown officer in the royal mint, whose duty it was to assay gold and silver. Joseph Sayre, son of Thomas Sayre, removed to Elizabeth, New Jersey, in 1667, and was among the earliest of the "associates." In December of that year he united with others in the pe- tition to the government to have his land sur\^eyed. Among his children and grand- children are found the names of Edward, Ephraim, Ezekiel. Hannah, Frances, Isaac, James, Jonathan, Joseph, Thomas and Sam- uel. The issue of the marriage of Moses Dodd and Justina Louisa (Sayre) Ward was: Laura J.; Elias S., married Anna, daughter of Joel M.Bonnell,of Newark; Leslie Dodd, who married Minnie P., daughter of James Perry, and is vice-president of the Pruden- tial Insurance Company, of Newark: Edgar Bethune, and Jacob Ewing, who married Maria, daughter of Ambrose E. Kitchell. CHRISTIAN SCHMIDT, a furniture dealer of Newark, was born Au- gust 7, 1863, in the ortschaft of Unter- Heimbach, Wurtemberg, Germany, and is a son of John and Magdalena (Letterer) Schmidt. The latter was a daughter of Theobold Letterer, a farmer by occupation, who died at the advanced age of ninety years, while his faithful wife attained the age of seventy years. Both were consistent Christian people of the Lutheran faith and had eight children, all of whom reached mature years, were married and reared fam- ilies of their own. John Schmidt, the father of our subject, was left an orphan at an early age and was educated in the common schools of his na- tive town. On laying aside his text-books he served an apprenticeship at the cabinet- maker's trade, and on its completion, he traveled through the principal cities of Ger- many, working as a journeyman. When he was twenty-eight years of age he began business on his own account in his native town, and. as he was a skilled and artistic worker in the craft, secured a good business. He passed away at the age of fifty years, and his wife died June 23, 1894, at the age of seventy-four years. Both were mem- bers of the Lutheran church. They had thirteen children, but eight died in child- hood. Those who reached mature years were John, who came to the L^nited States in 1 88 1 and located in California, but no news has been received from him for twelve years; Frederick, who came to America in 1870 and settled in Philadelphia, where he married and has one daughter; Helena, who crossed the Atlantic in 1880, became the wife of Joseph Zauner, and died in 1887; and Christian. The last named obtained his education in the schools of his native town and when fourteen years of age, like his father, was ap- prenticed to the cabinet-maker's trade, at Ludwigsburg. serving a three-years term. On the expiration of that period he decided to come to America and on the 6th of April, ESSEX COUNTY. 383 1880, left home. On the 23(1 of the same month he landed in New York and took up his residence in Newark, where he found employment at his trade with William King. After working two years as a journeyman Mr. Schmidt decided to begin business on his own account, and opened a furniture store and warerooms at Nos. 93 and 95 Springfield avenue, and in the undertaking was very successful. By his untiring energy, perseverance and reliable business methods he succeeded in building up a large and profitable trade, winning the confidence, and therefore patronage of the public. In 1885 he entered into partnership with J. J. Henry MuUer, under the firm name of Muller and Schmidt, and established a large and commodious store and warerooms at Nos. 113, 115 and 117 Springfield avenue. Business was carried on by this firm until 1893, when by mutual consent the partner- ship was dissolved and Mr. Schmidt estab- lished his present store at No. 157 Spring- field avenue. He carries a large and care- fully selected stock of goods, purchased of reliable manufacturers, and his trade is ex- tensive and lucrative. He certainly merits his success, for he entered upon his bus- iness career empty-handed, and by his thrift, economy and perseverance acquired the capital which first enabled him to em- bark in business on his own account. He has been the architect of his own fortunes and has Ijuilded wisely and well. I\Ir. Schmidt was married in Newark, February 14. 1881, to Elenora Keller, a daughter of Frantz and Theresa (Bruede- gam) Keller, and they have one son, Wil- liam, who was born in November, 1882, and is now a student in the Newark Acad- emy. In his political af^liations, ]\Ir. Schmidt is a Republican, but has never sought or de- sired political preferment, as his time has been fully given to his business interests, in which he has met with signal success. He and his wife are members of the First Ger- man Baptist church of Newark. HENRY W. UNDERWOOD. The house which is now his home was the birthplace of Mr. Underwood, and through- out his entire life he has resided in Belle- ville. He was born April 17, 1847, a son of Timothy and Ann (Joralemon) Under- wood. The Underwoods were an old Pennsylvanian family, and the father of our subject, who was born in Kingston, that state, in 1804, removed to Belleville at an early day. He was married in 1833 and in order to support his family followed con- tracting and building, becoming well known in connection with industrial in- terests in his adopted town. He died in 1865, and his wife passed away in 1886. She was a daughter of John N. Joralemon, who was a son of Hester Joralemon. Her father, John Brown, was a son of Johannas Brown and Helligert Van Geisen, and Johannas Brown was a son of Hendrick Brown and Marytie Kiester. The last named was a daughter of Hans Kiester and Jannytie Lockeman, and Hans Kiester bore the same name as his father. His mother was Sarah Rocleff, a daughter of .■\nnecke Jans. The Joralemon family is one of the first connected with the settle- inent of New Jersey, and for many years its members have been prominently known in Belleville. The grandfather, John N. Jor- alemon. was one of the prominent early builders of this section. The parents of our subject had six children, all born on the old 3^4 ESSEX COUNTY. homestead now occupied by Henry W. Underwood. They were L}"man B., Will- iam H.. John G., .Mary, Henry W. and Marviella. The last named is now the wife of Walter M. Kip, of Passaic, and with the exception of our subject is the only one now living. Henry W. Underwood was educated in the public schools of Newark, and at the age of sixteen became interested in the manufacture of hosiery in New York. He continued to engage in that business until a few years since, and made his home either in Brooklyn or New York, when he took up his abode at the old homestead, in which he first opened his eyes to the light of day. Throughout his active business career, en- ergy, resolute purpose and close application were numbered among his marked charac- teristics and won for him a gratifying suc- cess. In 1872 Mr. Underwood was united in marriage to Miss Agnes L. Little, daughter of Andrew Little, deceased, who was one of the well-known citizens of Belleville. They have had three children, Henry L., Andrew D. and Arnold. The family attend the Dutch Reformed church. Mr. L^nderwopd takes an active part in political affairs, stanchly advocates the principles of the Democratic party, for five years has been chairman of the township committee, and has also been a member of the Democratic county committee. WILLLAM H. WALLACE. The rapidity with which young men mav attain foremost positions in the business world is one of the marked characteristics of America. It is not necessary for a young man to wait until his father dies, as in the Old World, that he may succeed to the business. The representatives of the younger generation in this country, with the independent and progressive spirit which has gained prestige for the nation, start out in life independent of home in- fluences and make an honorable name and place for themselves. Of this class "Sir. Wallace is a worthy representative, and his responsible position in connection with the Fidelity Trust Company, of Newark, is an undisputable evidence of his superior merit and ability. He was born in New York city on the 30th of July, 1872, and is a son of Samuel H. and Jenny A. (Adams) Wallace, both of whom were natives of the Emerald Isle, and were of Scotch descent. The father be- longed to the famous family of Scotland that has figured so prominently in the his- tory of that country throughout its entire history. He was reared to manhood and acquired his education in the land of his birth. He learned the carpenter and stair- builder's trade in New York city, follow- ing that occupation until his death. He was one of the first builders in New York to successfully construct the winding stairs. His business career was marked by strict integrity, and securing a very extensive patronage, he derived therefrom a hand- some income. He made judicious invest- ments of his means in realty and was the owner of much valuable property. Liberal and generous, he contributed freely to church and charitable enterprises. His death occurred in New York city in 1885. He was married there to Miss Adams and they became the parents of the following children: William H.; Samuel A.: George; Jenny; and Isabella who died at the age of one year. The mother is still living and re- ESSEX COUNTY. 38s sides with her children in Newark. The family attend the Presbyterian church. Three brothers of Mr. Wallace also came to America — William B., John and An- drew. All located in New York city, where William and John are now prominent and prosperous carpenters and builders. An- drew died in that city, leaving a widow and two children. Another Ijrother, Robert, is a practicing lawyer in Dublin, Ireland. William H. Wallace, of this sketch, ac- quired his early education in the public schools of New York and at the age of four- teen, after his father's death, accompanied his mother on her removal to Newark, where he entered the law ofifice of Addison H. Hazelton, under whose direction he read law until twenty years of age. By diligence and assiduity, he fitted himself for general law-office work and for the examination of titles, etc.. and on the ist of November, 1892, he accepted a position with the Fi- delity Trust Company, to hunt out and ex- amine titles. So faithful and efficient has he been in this work that he has won the entire confidence and respect of the com- pany, and is now one of their most trusted representatives. Mr. Wallace is a charter member of the West End Club, of Newark. He gives his political support to the men and measures of the Republican party, and is very popu- lar in business, political and social circles. CORNELIUS VAN HOUTEN. For more than half a centurj- Cornelius Van Houten has been prominently con- nected with the business interests of Belle- ville, and he is numbered among the hon- c:reth of December, 1858, accompanying his parents upon their removal to New York city, at which time he was nine years of age. His preliminary discipline in an educational way was principally received under the so- licitous and effective tutorage of his father. He was a close student and early showed rare powers of acquiring and assimilating knowledge, his precocity being excep- tional. While still young in years he ma- triculated in the New York University, be- ing one of the youngest who ever entered that institution. He completed the pre- scribed course — two years of regular and two years of eclectic studies — at the age of seventeen years, having in the meantime determined to adopt the profession of medi- cine as his vocation in life and having car- ried on a line of special technical study in connection with his regular university course. In 1878 he entered the College of Physicians & Surgeons, of New York city, graduating immediately upon attaining his legal majority. After a brief interval of rest he became identified with the medical staff of the Presbyterian hospital in New York, where he remained two years, gain- ing a varied and valuable experience in the practical work of his profession. Subse- quently he was for two years associated in practice with Dr. Thomas H. Burchard, and his professional ability and his person- ality soon gained him a distinctive prestige as a physician and surgeon. Dr. Mandeville's identification with South Orange dates from September 17, 1877, when he was here united in marriage to Mrs. Jennie J. Morgan, nee Rice, and since that time he has devoted the full force of his individuality and fine attainments to the moral, intellectual and physical develop- ment of the locality. He has maintained the most constant and lively interest in all ESSEX COUNTY 409 that consen-es the upbuilding and specific attractiveness of this beautiful suburban section, and his zeal and public spirit have been shown in countless directions. In 1893 he was elected a member of the village board of trustees. In 1891 he was elected a member of the board of trus- tees of the public schools, and after an effective service of three years was chosen as his own successor. He has been an indefatigable worker in the interests of education, and is broad-minded and gener- ous in his attitude, being ever readv to do all in his power to alleviate distress and ad- vance the welfare of all conditions and classes of citizens. When the board of edu- cation of South Orange township was or- ganized, by legislative enactment, in 1894, the Doctor was elected the first president of the same, a fact indicative of the respect and esteem in which he is held in the com- munity. He is a member of the board of trustees of the First Presbyterian church, in whose work in all departments he shows his interest by timely aid and encouragemeiTt. The Doctor enjoys a distinctive popular- ity in social circles, being a member of the Orange Club, Essex County Country Club, and has been one of the governors of the South Orange Field Club and secretary of the Orange Riding Club. He still keeps thoroughly in touch with the advances made in the line of his profession, being studious in his tastes and constantly seek- ing to widen his range of knowledge. He retains his New York city associations in a professional way. being a member of the New York Pathological Society, New York Academy of Medicine. Hospital Graduate Society, Manhattan Surgical So- ciety, and is an attending surgeon to the Colored Hospital. The Doctor is also indentified with the following named clubs of New York : The Psi Upsilon, New York Athletic Club. Ural Club, Drug Club, etc. He enjoys all kinds of outdoor sports and is a member of a number of sporting clubs, such as the Belle- port Glen Club, Mulberry Point Shooting Club, Curmen's River Fishing Club, etc. GEORGE F. BROWN. The ancestors of Mr. Brown were of old Holland stock who came to America at an early day and here engaged in various pur- suits, subsequently becoming substantial citizens and loyal supporters of the govern- ment. The grandfather was a carpenter by occupation and ser\-ed this country as a major in the Revolutionary war, therein performing brave and efficient service. He was born November 28, 1791, and his wife, Julia. May 3, 1794. Anthony S. Brown, the father of our subject, was born in Essex county. April 18, 1822. He was engaged here in the lumber and coal business, in which he made a comfortable fortune and conducted his large enterprises until his death, which occurred May 11, 1896. On February 24, 1824. he married Miss Marga- ret Garrison, also of Essex county : she died on Christmas day, 1886. They reared eight children, namely: George F., our subject, Almira, Sarah. John, Albert. Ada- line. Monroe, and one who died in infancy. George F. Brown, who was l)orn on the i8th of February. 1845, in Franklin, Essex county. New Jersey, received his school education there and aftenvard embarked in the painter's trade and continued to follow the same, with marked success. He has been living at Nutley for many years: is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 410 ESSEX COUNTY. church, for which he was the organist for over thirty years; and this position his daughter has now filled for more than a year. She is a fine musician, in both the vocal and instrumental lines, and is a paid soloist in the churches. The marriage of Mr. Brown was con- summated February i8, 1873, when he was united to Miss Lucy A. Jenkins, a daughter of Frederick Jenkins and Ellen (Moore) Jenkins, both natives of Essex county. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are the parents of one child, Nellie V. R., who was bom on the I St of April, 1878. JOHN J. HELLER. A resident of Forest Hill and a native of West Orange, John J. Heller was born on the 20th of May, 1850, and is a son of Elias and Mary (Leak) Heller. He is of German and French descent, his ancestors being Huguenot emigrants who sought homes in America at an early day. In the public schools of his native county our subject acquired his education, and remained at his parental home until twenty years of age, when he came to Forest Hill and entered the employ of his brother, Ehas G. Heller, manufacturer of files and rasps. He mas- tered the business in every detail, and in 1S73 a partnership was formed between the three brothers. Elias G.. John J., and George E., for the manufacture of files, rasps and farrier's tools. They now have a very extensive plant in Forest Hill, employ a large force of workmen and are enjoying an excellent patronage, which comes to them from all sections of the country. The superior workmanship manifest in their products, together with the well known re- liability of the house, has secured to them a business which is indeed gratifying and in- dicates the enterprising spirit, the energy and the splendid executive ability of the owners. Mr. Heller has become an important fac- tor in the development and progress of the community in which he resides, giving an active support to all measures for the pub- lic good. He manifests a public-spirited loyalty to county, state and nation and is accounted one of the leading residents of Forest Hill. In politics he is an ardent Re- publican, well informed on the issues of the day and giving to his party an intelligent support. Mr. Heller was married April 7, 1874, in Newark, to Miss Lena Pfeififer, the parents of whom were of German ancestry. Six children have been born of this marriage: Ida; Walter, who was graduated in the Newark high school in 1897, and is now a student in Cornell LTniversity; Florence; Benjamin: Russell and Norma. The family attend the Presbyterian church, and enjoy the hospitality of the best homes in the city of their residence. The business record of Mr. Heller is one above reproach and demonstrates the possibilities which are open to the ambitious, energetic young man, enabling him to rise to a position of affluence. He stands to-day as one of the representative leaders of industrial interests in the county, and is well deserving of men- tion in this volume. GEORGE B. TURRELL. The true grandeur of nations lies in those qualities which constitute the true great- ness of the individual. In view of this fact there is discerned a peculiar consistency in Carlyle's statement, that "Biography is by ESSEX COUXTY. 411 nature tlie most universally profitable, uni- versally pleasant of all things." The final causes which shape the courses of individ- ual men and the destinies of states are often the same. The)' are usually remote and ob- scure, the influence whollv imexpected un- til declared by results. When they inspire men to the exercise of courage, self-denial, enterprise, industry, and call into play the higher moral elements, lead men to a risk of all upon conviction, faith, — such causes lead to the planting of great states, great nations, great peoples. That nation is greatest which produces the greatest and most manly men, as these must constitute the essentialh- greatest nation. Such a re- sult may not consciously be contemplated by the individuals instrumental in their pro- duction. Pursuing each his personal good by exalted means, they worked this out as a logical conclusion. They wrought on the lines of the greatest good. There are many salient points which lend peculiar interest to a consideration of the genealogy of that honored and representa- tive citizen of South Orange whose name initiates this review. He has been a resi- dent of this locality for more than a quarter of a century, has done much to promote the progress and material interests of this fa- vored portion of Essex county and is es- teemed as a valuable and public-spirited citizen. Records extant show that representatives of the Turrell family settled in Litchfield and Fairfield counties, Connecticut, in the early part of the seventeenth century. At that time the name was variously spelled Terril and Terrill. but some years later the present orthography was apparently adopt- ed by the various collateral branches. In this connection it is worthy of note that a descendant of the same family was num- bered among the early settlers of Connecti- cut Farms, New Jersey, and that he later became a resident of what is now South Orange is to be infeiTed from an instrument in writing. It was the will of Daniel Riggs, bearing date of October i, 1786. By this instrument he conveys the farm known as "Bower's Place" to one of his sons, "ex- cepting five acres on the southeasterly cor- ner thereof, which he gave to his daughter, Phebe Terril." The subject of this review traces his line- age directly to Jonathan Turrell, who was settled in the town of ^Monroe, Connecticut, about nine miles north of Bridgeport. He enlisted in the French and Indian war, 1754-62, and died in the service about 1757. He sent home his powder horn, with his name engraved on it, and made the request that this relic should descend through his line to those bearing the name of Jonathan. He left two sons, the elder of whom. Oliver, was about nine years of age at the time of his father's death. Oliver Turrell was born at Monroe, Con- necticut, about the year 1748. He subse- quently removed to New Milford, Connect- icut, and was among the first to enlist for service in the War of the Revolution and went with the Connecticut troops to "the relief of Boston 'in the Lexington alarm," in April, 1775, being' afterward regularly enlisted in the "Connecticut Line." He participated in the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill and, a few months later, in the desperate conflicts of I-ong Island and White Plains, New York. On the 26th of jNIay, 1777. he re-enlisted in the regular ser- vice, was honorably discharged January 9. 1778. and was probably after this identified with the Connecticut militia, as it is practi- 412 ESSEX COUNTY. cally well authenticated that he served dur- ing the entire period of the war. He mar- ried Huldah, daughter of Abel Barnum, a descendant in the fourth generation of Thomas Barnum, who was one of the first eight settlers of Danbury, 1684-5, removing later to Fairfield, Connecticut. Among his children was Williain J., the father of the immediate subject of this sketch. William J. Turrell was born at New Mil- ford. Connecticut, in 1791, and became a man of much prominence in the commu- nity. He was a successful farmer, was a man of sterling characteristics and marked ability, and was called upon to serve in nu- merous positions of public trust and re- sponsibility. He was a devoted member of the Baptist church and ordered his life on an exalted plane. He married Polly Bearss. daughter of Benjamin and Ruth (Benedict) Bearss, the latter of whom was a descend- ant of Thomas Benedict, who was born in Nottinghamshire, England, and who died in Norwalk, Connecticut, in 1690. William J. and Polly (Bearss) Turrell became tne parents of three sons and four daughters, their names, in order of birth, being as fol- lows: Laura, Lucy, Benjamin, Caroline. George Benedict, WilHam. Polly Ann. George Benedict Turrell, the fifth child of William J. and Polly (Bearss) Turrell, is a native of New Fairfield, where he was born on the 26th of March, 1825. His pre- liminary educational discipline was secured in the public schools of his native place, and this training was supplemented by a course of study in Prof. Irwin's academy, at Dan- bury. At the age of seventeen years he secured employment as a clerk in a village store at South Farms, and soon after at- taining his legal majority was admitted into partnership by his employer, the enterprise being continued under the firm name of Pickett & Turrell. About six years later he remo\-ed to Waterbury, Connecticut, where he purchased the general merchandise es- tablishment of the Waterville Manufactur- ing Company. He retained his interest in this enterprise, but soon withdrew from its active management, in order to accept the position as secretary of the Tuttle Alanufac- turing Company of Naugatuck, Connecti- cut, this being one of the most extensive manufactories of minor agricultural imple- ments in the entire LTnion, In 1854 he came to New York city to assume charge of the company's metropolitan headquarters. He withdrew from active duty in this line at the expiration of about one year and thereupon entered into a partnership association with his brother-in-law, under the firm name of Migeon & Turrell. They engaged in the cloth-finishing business and the enterprise was carried forward to marked success and wide scope of operation, our stibject having been identified with the same for several years. In the year i860 Mr. Turrell be- came interested with others in the organi- zation of the L'nion Hardware Company, of Torrington. Connecticut, which eventtt- ally liecame one of the largest manufac- turers of skates and other hardware special- ties that the country could claim. In 1874. he was prevailed upon to accept the presi- dency of the company, and he continued to act in this capacity until 1889, when he re- tired from the executive corps, though he is still a member of the directorate of the company and in a large measure influences its policy. Our subject's financial and other inter- ests have ramified in divers directions and it is but consistent that we here revert to a unique enterprise which demanded much ESSEX COUNTY 413 of his attention for a nnmber of years. We cannot do better than to cjuote from a re- cently published sketch which touches this matter: "About 1888 Mr. Turrell bought what was known as the "Red Gate Farm." located at Xewton, Sussex county, X. J., consisting- of 324 acres, whicli had been brought to the highest state of cultivation. and it was known as the 'model farm of New Jersey.' He grew the first crop of tobacco ever raised in .Sussex county. He stocked the farm with a herd of seventy of the best Jersey cows, many of which were imported direct from the island of Jersey. He introduced a system of cooling anil aerating milk In- which it would be safely bottled and ready for shipment within twenty minutes after it came from the cow, instead of waiting ten or twelve hours, as was the case under the old process. His process was by trickling the milk o\er a series of horizontal copper pipes, through which cold water was kept constantly run- ning, each layer of pipe (which was nearly flat oval instead of round), being cooler than the one above it. By this method of treatment, all the animal heat, offensive odors and gases, were thrown off, which permitted the milk to take up a sufficient quantity of oxygen to preserve it for sev- eral hours and rendered the milk absolutely pure. This process has since been adopted by most of the leading milk producers. The milk was shipped to Brooklyn and yiefded the producer double the price of that re- ceived by others treated under the old proc- ess, which required twelve hours to cool. In addition to his Jersey cows Mr. Tur- rell stocked his farm with 125 black-faced Southdown sheep. The management of this farm, while it aft'orded great pleasure and recreation to Mr. Turrell, he found that it absorbed too much of his time, and after bringing it up to a high state of cultivation he sold it, and has since given his attention to his other business affairs." While remarkable success has attended Mr. Turrell in his \-arious business under- takings, this condition has not come by ac- cident, but is the diametrical and logical re- sult of the application of certain forces, — definite purpose, concentrated determina- tion of available means to the accomplish- ment of the desired end, a clear discern- ment and judgment, and the whole domi- nated by the most unswerving integrity and all other attributes which go to make up a strong and noble manhood. His person- ality is of that gracious and distincti\-e or- der which implies kindliness and courtesy in all the relations of life and whose invari- able concomitant is individual popularity. Mr. Turrell has been most intimately iden- tified with the growth and prosperity of South Orange, taking up his residence here in 1864, when the place had but a meager population and could be counted as but little more than a primiti\-e hamlet, giving slight indications of Ijecoming the populous and beautiful suburban district which it now is. With every phase of its develop- ment he has been conspicuously concerned and he holds prestige as one of the most ])ublic-spirited citizens of the village. Soon after coming here he purchased what was known as the Sprague property, on Scot- land street, the same comprising a tract of eleven acres. He enlarged the old home- stead, equipped it with all modern improve- ments and made it one of the most idyllic honies in this portion of the Oranges. In 1 89 1 he opened a street through his prop- erty, from Scotland street to Grove road, and this, in compliance with the wishes of 414 ESSEX COUNTY. his neighbors, was named Turrell avenue. The property has been platted into village lots and Mr. Turrell has here erected two attractive modern cottages, — one for his son, the other for his daughter. He was one of those chiefly instrumental in securing to South Orange a village charter, in 1869; was one of the original village trustees and was elected president of South Orange in the year succeeding its incorporation. In the following autumn, by reason of im- paired health, he was obliged to resign his executive i)Osition and made a tour abroad, in order to recuperate his physical energies. Upon his return he was again elected presi- dent. During his travels on the European continent he made a thorough investigation of the various systems of road-making, and became convinced of the practical value of that system which he describes as "con- struction by repairs," but which has since become known as the Turrell pavement. Notwithstantling the economy conserved in the use of this pavement, its introduc- tion in South Orange was attended with strong opposition on the start, but after being subjected to the most rigorous tests the authorities finally adopted the system in improving the streets of the \'illage, and it has proved the most economical and ef- fective system in use in any section of the country. In many ways has Mr. Turrell l)een per- sistent and indefatigable in his etiforts to promote public improvements, and in con- nection with the important question of drainage, touching so closely the sanitary conditions of the locality, too high praise cannot be accorded him for his earnest and timely labors. In 1881 the court of com- mon pleas appointed him one of three com- missioners of drainage, to act under a law passed by the legislature of New Jersey, in March of that year, making it the duty of such commissioners to first determine whether or not drainage was necessary for public health and then giving them ample authority to carry out such work as was demanded. A thorough system for drain- ing the east branch of the Rahway river in South Orange was inaugurated by the commissioners in 1882 and was completed in about two years. This valuable work has materially enhanced the healthfulness of the village, and is one for wdiich the pub- lic should be perpetually grateful. Mr. Turrell was one of the promoters of the Meadow Land Society, and as has been most truly said of him, "During his resi- dence of more than thirty years he has been identified with every movement tend- ing to the advancement of the moral, phys- ical and social condition of the people of this locality." He has contributed most liberally to the support of the Presbyterian church, being a trustee of the local body of the same and one of its most zealous adherents. Mr. Turrell married Jiliss Elise J. Mig- eon, daughter of Henri Migeon, a native of France and an intimate personal friend of the Marquis de Lafayette, from whom he had letters of introduction to Mr. Howe, who was mayor of New York city at the time of Mr. Migeon's arrival in America. These letters of introduction were couched in the most flattering terms, and, together with other correspondence w'ith Lafayette, are deposited with the Connecticut His- torical Society, at Hartford.. Mr. Migeon established a successful business in New York city and subsequently ])urchased and occupied the old homestead of Governor Wolcott. at Litchfield, Connecticut. Of the ESSEX COUNTY. 415 children of Mr. and Mrs. Turrell only two are living, — William H., and Elise, who is the wife of Harvey I. Underhill, formerly agent of the Guion Line of steamers. Louise, the wife of Dr. E. T. Weed, died in 1894. GEORGE LEWIS MITCHELL, second son of Lewis and Mary Ann (Peck) Mitchell, was horn at the homestead on Main street, in East Orange, August 9. 1 83 1. He had no aspirations beyond the simple farm life which his father and grand- father led before him, but he resolved to make the . best of his opportunities, and when he was sent to the village school he did his best to acquire a thorough knowl- edge of the elementary Ijranches. As a child he was obedient, earnest, industrious and faithful: as a man, he was honest, up- right, straightforward and truthful. He was honest with himself, honest with his neighbors and honest in all his dealings with the world. It has iieen truly said '\\n hon- est man's the noblest work of God," and in this he had the patent of true nobility, and it has often been said of him, truthfully, that "his word was as good as his bond." No man ever tried harder to live up to the golden rule, and if he could not speak well of a man he would say nothing at all. He began his business career at an age when most boys are wholly dependent on others. He was but eighteen years of age when he became associated with his brother in the dairy business, and for thirty-eight years, until death severed the ties, they were one and inseparable. What one did the other did. Their love was like that of Jon- athan and David, and all their interests were identical. George L. was pleasing in his manners, and his patrons loved him for himself, as well as for his fair and honest dealings. As a Christian, he fulfilled liter- ally the injunction, "Let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works and glorify your Father, which is in heaven." He was one of the little faithful band who founded the First Con- greg'ational church of East Orange, and who kept the dame burning brightly, hold- ing up the hands of the pastor amid dis- couragements and trials. He was one of the financial pillars of the society, and one of the largest contributors to the building fund. He was deacon of the church in 1871. 1874, 1882 and 1885, and. with one exception, served longer on the prudential committee — the most important commit- tee in the church — than any other man. His love for his fellowmen was unbounded, without distinction of race or color, and his heart was e\er touched by the sufferings of others. He could not I)e induced to run for office, yet he was a member of the Republican Clul) of East Orange, and always worked for the success of his party. He was a meml>er of the .\mbrosia Inaugural Club, and with it attended the inauguration of President Harrison. He was a member of the reception conunittee which recei\ed the members of the Society of the Army of the Potomac when the annual meeting was held in Orange. He was associated with liis brother in opening streets and avenues in East Orange, and in the various im- pro\-ements which have made this locality a suburban paradise. Fie had a special fondness for arboriculture, and tiie beauti- ful shade trees that adorn the streets were, to a large extent, jilanted by him. His own home, though simple in its architec- 4i6 E.^SEX COUNTY. tural features, is one of the most beautiful and attractive in the township. There were two places he lo\-ed above all others. Those were his home and his church. His death occurred on Easter Sunday. ^larch 29, 1891. He married Joanna Wyckoff Collins, youngest daughter of Isaac Collins, of Bloomfield. New Jersey, and Jane Wyckotf. of Flatlands. Long Island. John Collins, the father of Isaac, came to this country from Ballyshannon. Donegal county. Ire- land, in 1774. and settled in Bloomfield. During the war of the Revolution he served with the Fifth F'ennsylvania Volunteers. At tlie storming of Ston}- Point by "^lad Anthony" Wayne, on the night of July 16, 1779, he formed one of the "forlorn hope." and was among the first to mount the para- pet, receiving an ugly gash on the cheek from the 1)ayonet thrust of a British soldier. He fought his way into the fort, shouting with the brave Americans the countersign of the day, "The fort's our own!" He served the full term of his enlistment and was honorably discharged at Trenton. New Jersey. January i. 1781, his discharge, signed by Brigadier-General Anthony Wayne, being still in possession of the fam- ily. ' HENRY KAZENMAYER. the present city auditor of Orange, is a na- tive of Germany, having been born in Con- stanz. Baden, on the 25th of September, 1S32. a son of Conrad and Barbara (Thoma) Kazenmayer, both of whom also were born in Constanz. The primary edu- cation of our suliject was received in the public schools, and was supplemented by a course of study in the lyceum, a prepara- tory school of Constanz; and it was his intention to enter the university, but owing to the emigration of his father to America his plans were changed and he accom- panied his parents to the New World. He suljsequently locatetl in Orange, and here established a private school which he taught in both German and English, and conducted the same until 1863. when he was appointed to the position of principal in a private school by the German and English School Association of Orange, and served as such until 1876. Mr. Kazenmayer next engaged in the general insurance business, representing several of the leading companies and meet- ing with a high order of success in this undertaking. He has also been identi- fied more or less with the local and political affairs of Orange, and cast his first presi- dential vote for Fremont, in 1856. but in 1872 he allied himself with the Democratic party and may be classed as a Democrat of the true JefTersonian type. He always takes an active interest in such enterprises as have for their object the athancement and welfare of the community, and in 1877 he was appointed by the city council to the office of city auditor, re-appointed at the close of his term in 1884. and has since con- tinued to serve in the same capacity until the present time. He is associated with the singing societies of Orange and vicinity, and was the leader of the Oranee Maenner- chor from 1864 to 1885. In 1880 Mr. Kazenmayer paid a visit to his native land, and on the 5th of August. in the same year, was there united in mar- riage to Miss Bertha Kramer, who was born February 23. 1834, a daughter of Andrew and Waldberger Kramer. They have no issue, but in 1881, Mr. Kazenmayer adopt- ^'ii ,.^ ESSEX COUNTY. 417 ed Barbara Steiger, who was born on the 13th of December, 1874. Conrad Kazenmayer, the father of Henry, was born in Constanz, Baden, in 1802, and was a son of Fidel and Chris- centia (RoUe) Kazenmayer. He was edu- cated at the college in his native city, later attending the Freiburg University, and in 1832 he was elected city clerk of Constanz, holding that ofifice until 1849. I" the movements of that and the preceding year he took a very active part on the' side of the revolutionists and was chosen civil com- missioner. When the revolutionarv army was defeated it retreated to Switzerland by way of Constanz, and, it having been ru- mored that the people of Reichenau, an island in the Boden-see, intended to cut off the retreat, Kazenmayer was sent with a small force of sharpshooters in boats to ascertain the truth or falsity of the report. Upon landing, Mr. Kazenmayer moved forward alone and unarmed, leaving his men in the boats, and had an interview Vvith the burgomaster of the place, who re- ceived him cordially and assured him that the rumor was entirely false. In the mean- time some anti-revolutionists gathered and threatened to lynch Mr. Kazenmayer, and soon afterward a couple of gens d'armes appeared and pointing two pistols at his head compelled him to surrender. He was marched ofi to the camp of the enemy and General SchaefYer. of tiie Hessian forces, ordered him to be imprisoned, and intimated that short work woidd be made of him. For a long time it was undecided whether he would be tried by court martial or by a civil court, but finally the circum- stance of his having landed on the island alone and unarmed saved him from the former and certain death. He was handed over to the civil authorities and after an in- vestigation lasting over thirteen months, during which time he was refused bail and confined in prison, he was sentenced to ten years in the state penitentiary. This sentence, on appeal, was commuted to si.x years, and after serving eleven months he was pardoned, through the intervention of the then ])rince of Baden, now the grand duke, who was moved to this act of clemency by the piteous supplication of the patriot's wife, the latter appearing before the prince and on her bended knees pleading for her hus- band's release. This was granted on the condition that Mr. Kazenmayer would for- e\'er leave his nati\-e land; so in 1851. ac- companied by his son Henry, he emigrated to the United States, landing at New York on the 4th of September. The rest of his family followed him two years later, and until 1855 they remained in New York city, whence they came to Orange, where Mr. Kazenmayer resided until his death, which occurred on the 17th of July, 1868. He was honored and respected by all who knew him for his uprightness and integrity of character, for his outspoken opinions, his honesty and his steadfast adherence to prin- ciple. His faithful and devoted wife was born in 1802 and survived him until May, 1879, when she, too, passed away. They were both devout and consistent members of the Catholic church. Mr. and Mrs. Conrad Kazenmayer be- came the parents of the following children : Albert, who came to America in 1850 and located in Newark, where he married Miss Mary Lang, an adopted daughter of Jacob von Dannaker, and died in 1890; Henry, the subject of this mention; Louisa, who became the wife of Anton Schlachter, of ii— 27 4i8 ES8EX COUNTY. Orange, and they had the following chil- dren : Jessie, Alfred, Louisa, Bertha, Max, William, Edward and Adolph; Udo mar- ried Agnes Buttner, and three children were born to them, namely, Ida, Hedwig and Oscar; Otto was married twice, his first wife being Mary Volk, by whom he had these children: Albert, who is mar- ried; Louisa, now Mrs. John Voss, of Orange; Otto, who married Mary Leber; Jessie, now Mrs. William Zipf, of Newark; and Clara, now Mrs. Henry WolfT, of Orange. The mother of these children died April 14, 1876, and in August, 1878, Mr. Kazenmayer was united to Miss Brigitte Kratt, and they have one child, named Henry C. OTTO KAZENMAYER. A son of Conrad Kazenmayer, the sub- ject of this review was born in the city of Constance, Germany, February 14, 1840, and acquired his early education in the pub- lic schools of that place. At the age of thir- teen he came to America, in company with his mother, his sister Louisa and his broth- er Udo, to join their father, who had crossed the Atlantic some years previous. They landed at New York on the 4th of September, 1853, just two years after Con- rad Kazenmayer and one of his sons first set foot on American soil. In i8.S5 the fam- ily removed to Orange and in 1857 our sub- ject entered the employ of Mr. Proessel, a tobacco merchant, of Newark, with whom he remained until 1859, when he went to New Orleans and became employed in the wholesale tobacco business with the firm of Myer Brothers, remaining in their service until the outbreak of the Rebellion. Upon the urgent solicitation of his father and brother Henry, Mr. Kazenmayer then returned to the north, but it was with considerable difficulty that he made the journey, for hostilities had already begun. When he reached Orange he became asso- ciated with his brother-in-law, Anton Schlachter, in the manufacture of soap, and in that undertaking met with good suc- cess. In 1868 he severed his connection w'ith his brother-in-law, and has since been engaged in the restaurant and hotel busi- ness in Orange, this enterprise proving a profitable one. His genial manner and cor- dial disposition, combined with his honora- ble business methods, have secured to him a liberal patronage, and his trade is now large and satisfactory. Mr. Kazenmayer was married May 24, 1865, to Miss Mary Volk, a daughter of Leonard and Barbara, nee Kemmerlein, Volk. To them have been born the following- children : Albert F., who is married and resides in Newark; Mary, wife of John Voss, of Orange; Otto, who wedded Mary Leber; Jessie, wife of William Zipf. of New^ark; Clara, wife of Henry Wolf: Josephine, who died at the age of one year. The mother of this family was called to her final rest April 17, 1876, and Mr. Kazenmayer was married October 16, 1878, to Brigitta Kratt, by whom he has one son, Henry Joseph. Mr. Kazenmayer is a worthy and substantial citizen of Orange, and his well spent life has brought to him a comfortable competence and the esteem of many friends. JOSEPH E. BEACH, a contractor and builder of Caldwell, be- longs to one of the families that formed a part of the New Haven colony in the early period of American history, when this ESSEX COUNTY. 419 I I country was first being brought under the influences of civilization. John and Thomas Beach, natives of Der- byshire, England, crossed the Atlantic in 1643, and the former, known as "Pilgrim John," took up his residence in the New Haven colony, whence he removed to Stratford, Connecticut, in 1660. He owned property there and continued his connection with that town until 1670, when he went to Wallingford, that state, where his death occurred in 1680. He was a very prominent and influential citizen of Wall- ingford and aided in building the first church there. His youngest son, Benjamin Beach, was born in Stratford, March 3, 1673, and was the ow^ner of land in that town. In 1 71 7, accompanied by his wife, Mar)', and eight children, he removed to Newark, New Jersey, and for more than two hundred and fifty years his descendants have borne their part in the development and improvement of the county. His son, Noah Beach, was born November 15, 1700, and at his death, which occurred July 20, 1780, his remains were interred in the Han- over cemetery. He was married in the Hanover church, and to him and his wife, Hannah Beach, were born four children, viz.: Stephen, who was born in 1732 and died in 1791; Nathaniel; Enoch, who was born in 1737 and died March 7, 1814; and Peter, who was born in 1740 and died Janu- ary 10, 1777. Of this family Nathaniel Beach, who was born in 1 734, married Sarah Peck, the wed- ding being celebrated January 30, 1755. Her parents, Timothy and Phoebe Peck, became residents of Morristown, New Jersey. Mrs. Beach and three of her chil- dren — James, Nathaniel and Timothy — were received into the Hanover church, May 17, 1761, and her death occurred May 30, 181 1. She became the mother of seven children: James, born May 17, 1761; Na- thaniel (ist); Timothy; Mary, born June 12, 1768; Jared, born November 4, 1770; Lydia, born May 30, 1773; and Nathaniel (2d), born February 11, 1776. Timothy Beach, the third son of Na- thaniel and Sarah (Peck) Beach, was mar- ried November 10, 1802, to Abigail De- Camp, and had six children, — David, Jared, Aaron, Timothy, Deborah and James Har- vey. Of this family, Jared was born June 29, 1804, and was married November 14, 1833, to Elizabeth Canfield, who was born May 12, 1813. His death occurred Sep- tember 2, 1886, and his wife passed away November 20, 1889. This worthy couple were highly esteemed people, whose ster- ling worth commended them to the confi- dence and good will of all. The father was the first carpenter of Caldwell, and many of the homes of that village and Bloomfield stand as monuments to his handiwork. His family numbered the following children: Judson Irving, born March 16, 1837, died June 6, 1844; Dr. Augustus R., bom Au- gust 28, 1834, was the homeopathic physi- cian in this part of the county, where he died; Mathias Owen, an attorney, was born March 20, 1839, and died March 5, 1888; Erastus Watson, born January 21, 1842, married Elvina Kirk, June 24, 1877; Cyrus Canfield, born April 4, 1844, is still livmg on the old homestead, where he is conduct- ing an extensive dairy; Jane Eliza, born December 5, 1847; Joseph Edgar, born No- vember 29, 1849; Phoebe E., who was born September 25, 1852, and died November 25, 1853; and Flora Ella, who was born September 28, 1854. Dr. A. R. Beach's children were : Emma 420 ESSEX COUNTY. Eliza, who was born May 15, 1857, and is the wife of John Reed; Rausin E., who was born January 16, 1859, and married Edith Kirk; Charles Eliphalet, who was boni No- vember 22, 1861, and married Emma Thompson; James E., born February 24, 1864, married Lucy McClure November i. 1893, and is a Baptist minister, of Hanover; Carrie Ellen, who was born March 10, 1868, attended school in Kearny and died in 1898; and Mary Augusta, who was born October 13, 1869, is the wife of Charles Smith, of Smithville, Tennessee. Joseph E. Beach, whose name forms the caption of this article, was born November 29, 1849, and in early life learned the car- penter's trade, which he has followed as a life work. He is now engaged in contract- ing and building in Caldwell, owning and conducting a shop in partnership with John Whitton. They do a general business in their line and enjoy a fair trade. Mr. Beach was married to Mar)' E. Baldwin, a daughter of William and Mar>' A. (Crain) Baldwin. She died October 2, 1895, leaving one daughter, Grace, who was born February 2, 1885. ANTHONY Q. KEASBEY. For nearly half a century Anthony Q. Keasbey was actively engaged in the prac- tice of law in the courts of New Jersey, and for a great part of that time was one of the leading members of the bar of the state. He was admitted as an attorney in the October term, 1846, and was constantly engaged in the work of his chosen profession until his death, on April 4, 1895. Mr. Keasbey was born in Salem, on the 1st of March, 1824. His family had been residents of Salem county from the time of its settlement by Fenwick's colony in the seventeenth century. Edward Keasbey came to America from England in 1664, settled in Salem and married there in 1701. His son Edward was born in 1705 and mar- ried, in 1725, Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Bradway, Jr., who was a son of Edward Bradway, one of the justices of the first su- preme court of West New Jersey, which met in March, 1685. Their son, Edward, born in 1726, married Prudence, daughter of Edward Quinton. This Edward Keas- bey was a member of the general assembly and of the provincial congress by which the state constitution was adopted in 1776. In 1778 he was appointed a member of the council of safety and served as such throughout the Revolutionan,- war. An- thony Keasbey, his son. was clerk of the county of Salem, a member of the state legislature and a judge of the court of com- mon pleas. His son, Edward Q. Keasbey, born in 1793, studied medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Philip Physick, of Philadelphia, and practiced in Salem until his death, in 1847. He was a judge of the court of common pleas and was nominated by the Whig party as one of the presidential electors on the Henry Clay ticket. He mar- ried Mary Parry Aertsen, of Philadelphia. The eldest son by this marriage was An- thony O. Keasbey, whose name introduces this review. A part of his boyhood was spent on a farm and a part in the town. He pursued his education in the Salem Acad- emy, where he studied eagerly and read with great interest all the books that came within his reach. His teacher, a graduate of Yale, inspired him with a desire for a col- lege education, and he was the first youth of his time to go from Salem to college. He entered the sophomore class of Yale Col- ESSEX COUNTY. 421 lege at the age of sixteen, and a warm friendship sprang up between him and Theodore Runyon, who was then a member of the junior class. They were among those \\ho founded the Scroll and Key Society in 1842, and were present together as the orators and honored guests on the fiftieth anniversary of the organization of the so- ciety, in 1892. On leaving college, in 1843, ^^i"- Keasbey began the study of law in Salem, under the guidance of Fran- cis L. RlacCulloch, a son of George P. MacCulloch. of Morristown, and after- ward went to Newark, where he completed his studies under the direction of Cortlandt Parker, who had at that time already acquired a good practice there. Mr. Keas- bey received his license as an attorney at the October term of 1846, and returned to Sa- lem, where he opened an ofifice. He attend- ed the circuit in Cumberland and Cape May as well as in Salem, and acquired a good reputation as an advocate. On the i8th of October, 1848, Mr. Keas- bey married Elizabeth, second daughter of the Hon. Jacob W. Miller, of Morristown, then a member of the United States senate from New Jersey. By this marriage there were three children, born in Salem. His wife died in 1832, and after spending the succeeding winter in Europe, Mr. Keasbey returned to Newark and took up the prac- tice of law, there forming a partnership with Mr. Parker. They were the first to avail themselves of the act of 1852, authorizing attorneys to use a partnership name, and the title of Parker & Keasbey was adopted and used by them until 1876, when the part- nership was dissolved, and each formed a new partnership with his sons. Mr. Keasbey married again on Septem- ber 30, 1854, choosing for his second wife Edwina Louisa, the eldest daughter of Sen- ator Miller. He bought a house and sev- eral acres of land on Clinton avenue, and lived in this house and afterward in a new one on the same land until a few months be- fore his death. His wife died August 18, 1888. Six children by this marriage sur- vive. Mr. Keasbey devoted himself with great energy to the practice of his profession, and soon acquired a good practice in Essex count}-, and was still engaged in some im- portant cases in Cape May, including the insurance cases relating to the burning of the Mount Vernon Hotel, and it was in Cape May that he first invoked the jurisdic- tion of the United States court, in which he was afterward so nmch at home. It was during the year 1859, when the state was without a chancellor, and Mr. Keasbey went and found Judge Dickerson in a fish- ing boat on the coast of Long Island and returned to Cape May with an injunction. During the first year of the civil war Mr. Keasljey was appointed, by President Lin- coln, attorney of the United States for the district of New Jersey and found himself at once engaged in nian_\' difficult and re- sponsible duties with reference to persons suspected of giving aid and comfort to the enemy in his own state and town, also with reference to the enlistment of soldiers for the war. He prosecuted a man who at- tempted to abduct a youthful volunteer from Massachusetts, and received a letter of commendation from Governor Andrew. The enforcement of the revenue law gave rise to important legal questions, and the business of the United States district court was greatly increased. Mr. Keasbey took an active and efficient part in the suppres- 422 ESSEX COUNTY. sion of great frauds upon the revenue, and was associated in this with the officers of the government in Washington, and with district attorneys of other states. He was reappointed district attorney by Presidents Lincoln, Johnson, Grant, Hayes and Ar- thur, and served in this office for twenty-five years, a longer service than any United States attorney in the country. One of the most important cases with which he was connected in his official capacity was the discovery of the conspiracy to defraud the government of a legacy of one milHon dol- lars and the prosecution of the conspirators. This legacy was left by Joseph L. Lewis, an eccentric miser in Hoboken, to be applied to the payment of the national debt. The pretended widow and her associates were convicted and the government received more than a million dollars. During all his term as United States at- torney, Mr. Keasbey was also engaged in a large general practice, and in many business affairs. He was counsel for the Mutual Life Insurance Company in New Jersey from 1868 until 1876, and examined applications for loans and the titles to lands in Essex, Union, Middlesex and Monmouth counties. He showed great ability as a trial lawyer anrl was distinguished for his skill in the conduct of a cause before a jury and especially in the cross-examination of witnesses. He had a remarkable faculty for clearness of state- ment, and with gentleness of manner he had the power of vigorous denunciation and even of passionate invective against fraud and wrong. For many years he was con- spicuous in the trial of causes in the Essex circuit court, but was afterward engaged more especially in the United States courts, in civil as well as criminal cases, and in argu- ments in the court of chancery and in the supreme court and court of errors of New Jersey. There was no lawyer in the state better known in the supreme court of the United States than he. He had a large prac- tice in patent causes, and his great familiar- ity with the princinles of equity, combined with an intense interest in new inventions and discoveries, gave him an advantage in these causes over many men who devoted themselves entirely to the law of patents. He was especially at home in equity prac- tice, had a clear and strong sense of equity, rejoicing in the powers of the courts of equity, and saw clearly and almost intuitive- ly how they might be applied to furnish an adequate remedy where the common law was deficient for the purposes of his case, and in such litigation he was a most persua- sive advocate. It was not only as a lawyer that Mr. Keas- bey was conspicuous and helpful in the community. He took a keen interest in all public affairs. As a young man he was act- ive in the organization of the Republican party, and was all his life an earnest advo- cate of its principles, taking an active part in many campaigns. He was always ready to devote to this cause his great powers as an orator, and as a clear and forcible writer. He was distinguished as a public speaker and made orations and addresses on many important public occasions. Mr. Keasbey had great faith in the future of Newark, a broad sympathy with its people and its in- terests of every kind. By suggestion and en- couragement he promoted many plans de- vised for the improvement of the city. He took part in the building up of the system of street railways, and after many discour- agements and long delay he took a leading part in carrying out the plan by which the different lines were consolidated and equip- ESSEX COUNTY. 423 I I ped for operation by electricity. He was one of the incorporators of the Howard Sav- ings Institution, and served for nearly forty years on the board of managers. He was one of the founders of the Hospital of St. Barnabas. From 1867 until his death he took part in its management and contrib- uted to its support. He was one of the charter members of the Essex Club, and served for many years on the board of gov- ernors. He was also a member of the His- torical Society, and contributed some im- portant papers to its records, notably his ad- dresses on the life of Judge Field and Judge Xixon, and a paper on the bicentennial of the purchase of East Xew Jersey. His opinions on political affairs and legal questions of pulilic interest were fre- (juently expressed in the editorial columns of newspapers in Newark and New York. He was especially interested in the inven- tions and discoveries which began with his boyhood and marked the age in which he lived, and he followed with keen delight the progress of modern science, and inspired others with his enthusiasm on the subject. His reading was very extensive and varied, and he was familiar not only with the best literature of the past but also with the lat- est writings of the authors of the day. A few years before his death Mr. Keas- bey built a country house in Morristown, and in the latter part of 1894 he gave up his house in Newark and took his library to his house in Morristown. In the spring of 1895 he went to Italy with his daughters for a short vacation, and was taken suddenly ill in Rome, and died there on the 4tli of April of that year. The following estimate of his character is taken from an editorial in the Newark Daily Advertiser of that dav : Mr. Keasbey was, in a nuiltitude of re- spects, one of the most eminent men of the state. In learning, in culture, in refinement, in the profundity of his legal knowledge, in the sagacity of his business judgment, in the clarity of his intellectual opinions, in his ap- preciation of the true, the beautiful and the good, in the warmth of his social life and the intensity of his friendship, he was a re- markable and distinguished man. Few men in our state have the wide range and sweep that marked Mr. Keasbey's intellectual equipment. He could have shone in many fields of endeavor, but he chose the law, in which he achieved so mq,ny and so brilliant triumphs. In the world of letters, had he chosen to walk in that field, he would have made a high name and fame for himself, so rich was his power of expression, so well stored his mind, so wide his grasp of essen- tial things. Even in his busy career he found time to write much, and in every- thing he wrote there was a fineness of ex- pression, a delicacy of touch, a force, vigor and charm which disclosed the true man. Of his private and per- sonal life this is not the time or place to speak. His wide circle of friends feel too keenly the sad blow of his death, to give any definite form or expression to the sense of their profound loss. He was the most genial of companions, the most devoted of friends, most aft'ectionate in all the sacred and beautiful relations of his home. Time cannot diminish the intensity of the loss created by his death, nor will it eft'ace the recollection of his distinguished career as a lawver, jurist, author and citizen, nor the memory of his rare qualities as a friend, counselor, companion and father. Death came too soon for Mr. Keasbey, but none the less it found him prepared and in that beautiful attitude of readiness which he loved to describe in his favorite poem, Emerson's "Terminus:" "As the bird trims her to the gale, I trim myself to the storm of time, I man the rudder, reef the sail. Obey the voice at eve, obeyed at prime; 424 ESSEX COUNTY. "Lowly faithful, banish fear, Right onward drive unharmed; The port, well worth the cruise, is near. And every wave is charmed." WINTHROP DODD MITCHELL, eldest son of Aaron P. and Anna Elizabeth (Dodd) Mitchell, was born at the home- stead, on South Grove street, East Orange, May 7, 1862. His knowledge of the ele- mentary Ijranches was obtained at the pub- lic schools of his native town, and he was afterward sent to Phillips Acadetny, Ando- ver, Massachusetts, to prepare for college. In 1884 he Ijegan the study of medicine with Professor Frederic S. Dennis, profes- sor of surgery in Bellevue College. He was graduated at Bellevue Hospital Medi- cal College in 1887, and afterward served two years as intern in St. Vincent's Hos- pital, New York. He then went abroad for eighteen months, prosecuting his stud- ies at Vienna, Munich, London and Dub- lin. On his return he served as assistant to his old preceptor. Professor Dennis, for about eighteen months. In 1892 he be- gan practice in Newark. Dr. Mitchell re- moved permanently to East Orange in 1895, where he now has a successful prac- tice, being located at the old residence of his parents on Grove street. While devot- ing a large portion of his time to general practice he has given much to surgery, and has been successful in a number of difficult cases. As visiting surgeon to the Home for Crippled Children and house surgeon at St. Michael's Hospital he has had an ex- perience of great advantage to him in his practice. He is a close student and keeps himself well informed on all matters per- taining to his profession. He is a member of the Medical and Surgical Society of New- ark, of the Physicians' Club of Newark, and of Essex County Medical Society. He married, in 1889, Miss Harriet Mor- gan, daughter of Charles H. Morgan, of Worcester, Massachusetts, a well known mechanical engineer, and a descendant of Miles Morgan, who sailed from Bristol, England, in March, 1636, and was one of the early settlers of Springfield, Massachu- setts. MORRIS B. LINDSLEY, one of the most extensive real-estate dealers of Essex county, is also identified with the business interests of this section as an in- surance agent, and follows conveyancing and abstract work. Through these lines he has won a creditable success, due to close application, careful oversight and sound judgment. His interests are carried on in strict conformity to the ethics of commer- cial life, and his name is therefore synony- mous with honorable business dealing. Mr. Lindsley was born at the corner of Mulberry and Green streets, in Newark, June I, 1838, and is a son of John P. and Catharine H. (Mande\'ille) Lindsley. His father was born in Orange, New Jersey, about 1812, and was a son of John M. Lind- sley, who was for many years a leading mer- chant of Orange. The Lindsleys were among the original settlers of that city, and the name is inseparably woven with the his- tory of the development and progress of Es- sex and other New Jersey counties. During his youth the father of our subject learned the carriage trimmer's trade in New- ark, and followed that business during the greater part of his life. In connection with his brothers, George and Nelson Lindsley, I woXiL'^-j I /^ ESSEX COUNTY. 4-' 5 he was also extensively engap^ed in the coal business in Newark, where he made his home until 1871, when he removed to Ver- ona, there living retired until his death, in 1888. His wife passed away in 1890. In politics John P. Lindsley was a firm believer in the principles of the Whig and Repub- lican parties, and in early life was a great admirer of Henry Clay. He was a man of finn convictions, unwavering in his support, and in political affairs took quite an active interest. His wife was a daughter of Corne- lius Mandeville.who at an early day was one of Newark's carpenters and builders, and a descendant of one of the pioneer families of the county. Mr. and Mrs. John P. Linds- ley were consistent members of the Presby- terian church and people of the highest re- spectability. Their family numbered three children; Morris B.; Jane C, who married Austin Hedden, of Verona, and died in 1896; and Theodore P., who is now en- gaged in the bicycle business in Montclair. Morris B. Lindsley acquired a good Eng- lish education in the schools of Newark and was thereby fitted for the practical duties of life. In his early manhood he became in- terested in the manufacture of machinery in Newark, and carried on business along that line until 1878, since which time he has engaged in the real-estate and insurance business. He has made judicious invest- ments in realty and handles a large amount of property, from the sales of which he has derived a comfortable competence. His in- surance business is also a profitable source of income, and he is now numbered among the substantial citizens of Cakhvell, where he has made his home since 1871. Mr. Lindsley w'as married in 1863 to Miss Virginia C. Personett, daughter of Dr. Stephen and Sarah A. (Mandeville) Per- sonett, both of whom are now deceased. Mrs. Lindsley was born in Caldwell, where her father ]iracticed medicine for years, be- ing one of the best-known physicians of that part of the county. To our subject and his wife have been born seven children, namely: Charles S., Walter P., Josie, Al- lan, Kate, Stephen J. and Clara B. The first four were born in Newark, the others in Caldwell, and the family circle vet re- mains unbroken by the hand of death. In politics Mr. Lindsley is a stalwart Re- publican. In 1878-9 he was a member of the county board of chosen freeholders from Caldwell township; was a prominent factor in the formationof the borough of Caldwell, in 1892; was clerk of the same for two years and has been engineer for the past six years. • For a number of years he served as justice of the peace, and in all these positions his fidelity to duty has made him a popular and valued ofticial. He is very active in the work of the Republican party, doing all in his power to promote its growth and insure its success. He served as a member of the Rejiublican countv committee from 1872 until 1881; was its presideiU in 1878, and previous to that time served as vice-presi- dent. He is often sent as a delegate to county and state conventions, where he is an influential member. He has assisted largel}' in the development of Caldwell, and lends an active support to all measures for the public good. Socially he is connected with Caldwell Lodge, No. 39. F. & A. M., of which he is past master. JACOB COHEN. The subject of this review, a well known resident of Newark, was born in the old city of Varchow, Russia, on the 8th of 426 ESSEX COUNTY. Alarch. 1872, and is a son of Herman and Sarah Cohen. The father was a wholesale dry-goods merchant of his native city. In the family were eight children : Mary, wife of Moses Burstein. who is in the wholesale shoe business at X'archow. Russia; Moses, who is engaged in the manufacture of hats in Newark; Lena, wife of Philip Flum, who is in the employ of our subject; Jacob; Rosie, wife of Charles Lundsman, also em- ployed by Jacob Cohen ; Wolf and Charles, who are employed in their brother's fac- tory; and Max, who is pursuing his edu- cation under the supervision of his brother Jacob. In the common schools of his native vil- lage Jacob Cohen acquired his education, and at the age of eighteen began to learn the hatter's trade. Having served a two- years apprenticeship he decided to come to America, hoping to find better opportuni- ties in the New World; nor was he destined to disappointment in this direction, for "the land of the free" holds out equal ciiances to all and ofifers its rewards to all those who diligently strive, guiding their efforts by sound judgment and honorable purpose. Mr. Cohen landed in New York, in Decem- ber, 189 1, and came to Newark, where he secured employment with Messrs. Yudizky and Budisch, for whom he worked as a journeyman for two years. In 1894 he formed a partnership with Herman Isen- berg, under the name of Cohen & Isenberg, locating on School street, where they rent- ed a factory room for eight dollars per month. This partnership continued for four months, when Mr. Cohen purchased the interest of his partner and continued business alone. His first venture did not prove a success, but he did not become dis- couraged by adversity, and manifesting an earnest desire to liquidate his liabilities, he thus won for himself renewed credit. With tireless purpose he worked to build up a business, and after a time his efforts were crowned with success. After he had suc- ceeded in getting a start his patronage in- creased rapidly and he was soon forced to seek more commodious quarters. He there- fore removed to Sumner street, where he secured factor^' room at a rental of thirty- five dollars per month, and there continued until his fast growing business again de- manded larger quarters, which he found on Camden street, at a rental of sixty dollars per month. On the 13th of ]\Iarch, 1897, he had the misfortune of being robbed of goods to the value of two thousand dollars, burglars entering his factory at night, Init his business had become so extensive that his loss did not prove so severe a blow as it would have done had it come earlier in his business career. In 1897 he purchased a tract of ground at Nos. 15 and 17 Kent street, and erected thereon a three-story brick building, equipped with all the mod- ern devices and machinery for the manu- facture of soft felt hats. The capacity of the factory is over one hundred dozen hats per day, and employment is furnished to one hundred and fifty operatives, including both men and women. The excellence of the workmanship, the honorable business methods of the house, and the promptness with which all orders are filled have secured for Mr. Cohen a very liberal patronage. He is also engaged in the purchase and sale of stifif felt hats. Mr. Cohen was married in Newark, March 8, 1894, to Miss Berty Budisch, and to them were born two children, but both died in early life. Mrs. Cohen is a lady of refinement and culture, who shares with ESSEX COUNTY. 427 her husband in his plans and ambitions, and who presides with gracious hospitahty over their pleasant home. Her parents were natives of the city of Kive, Russia, where her father spent his life as a whole- sale grocer. He died June 15, 1890. He was a highly respected man, devoted to his family, and was a consistent and worthy member of the Jewish church, adhering closely to his faith. Since his death his wife has made her home with Mr. and Mrs. Cohen. Her children were Lillie, who mar- ried Beres Rudolph, of Kive, Russia: May- er, who also resides in Kive; Bernard, of Newark, New Jersey; Sarah, wife of Charles Rosenberg, of Kive, Russia; Mrs. Cohen; Rosie, wife of Benjamin Beniff, of New York; and Nettie, who makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Cohen. Our subject is a man of marked generosity and has been especially helpful to his relatives. Think- ing that his father might find better busi- ness opportunities in America, in 1892 he sent for him to come with his family to this country, and defrayed all the expenses of the voyage. After two years, however, the father returned to his native land, where his death occurred May 28. 1895. Mr. Cohen then again sent for his mother, and she has since made her home with him. His kind- ness and liberality, his fidelity to the duties of citizenship, and his honorable business record have won him the regard of all with whom he has been brought in contact, and he well deserves mention among the lead- ing- manufacturers of Newark. ROBERT DELOS MARTIN. Although the subject of this sketch has practiced at the Chicago bar only since 1 89 1, he is already well known to the craft for his successful methods and his large clientage. Like all lawyers well versed in the common law he easily and readily adapted himself to the Illinois statutes and now is undoubtedly one of the most reli- able local practitioners. He is clean, con- servative and able, and clients find that he is qualified to preserve and maintain all their rights under the law. He was born at Freeport, Illinois, Au- gust 28, 1859. and is the son of Dr. Chan- cellor ]Martin, a pioneer of northern Illinois and a native of Hudson county. New York. Dr. Martin was a man of unusual ability and prominence and served with distinction in various official positions to which he was called. During the civil war he was one of the most active surgeons in the state and one of the most prominent of the Illinois Examining Board. He came from the east before there was a railroad west of Chicago and identified himself thoroughly with the new country, participating in the trials of the pioneers and winning for himself an honorable place in the history of the state. His wife was formerly Miss Mary F. Hall, a sister of Luther A. Hall, Esq., one of the most talented lawyers of northern Ohio. Robert D. Martin first attended the com- mon schools and later was prepared for col- lege at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massa- chusetts. In 1876116 entered the freshman class of Yale College and four years later was duly graduated with honor. He then entered the law department of Columbia College and in 1882 graduated with the de- gree of LL. B. He was now thoroughly educated and ready for the duties of life. He first connected himself with the law firm of Nash & Nash. Wall street. New York, but later went west and practiced for six vears in South Dakota and then moved 428 ESSEX COUNTY. to Salt Lake City, Utah. While practic- ing there he saw the change in state admin- istration from Mormon to Gentile. Dur- ing all these years he actively participated in a mixed practice and gained a great deal of valuable experience and the reputation of being a first-class lawyer. In 1891 he came to Chicago and has since been promi- nent here in the profession, confining his attention mainly to civil law. In 1 89 1 he was united in marriage to Miss Harriet S. Joy, a daughter of Colonel Edmund L. Joy, of Newark, New Jersey, a prominent lawyer and business man of that state, who also ser\'ed as one of the gov- ernment directors of the Union Pacific Rail- road. The}- have two children — a son, Joy Deios Martin, and a daughter, Helen Theresa. In politics, Mr. Martin is a Re- publican. He is a member of the Ken- wood Country and Hamilton clubs, and is strongly domestic in liis tastes, loving and appreciating the affectionate ties of home. His oldest brother, Chancellor Martin, was appointed to a cadet.ship at West Point, by Eliliu Washburn, and after his gradua- tion therefrom served in the regular army for several years, or until his appointment by General Sherman as one of the five men to instruct the Egyptian army in .\merican military tactics, and stationed at Cairo, Egypt. Later he resigned and is now dep- utv collector of customs in New York. FRITZ TREPKAU, of Orange, is one of America's adopted sons. His patriotic devotion to this coun- try is a matter of record. On many a south- ern battlefield he gave evidence of his loy- alty to the I'nidn, and in all the walks of pri\-ate life he has disiilayed the same fidelity to the duties of citizenship. He was born in the town of Grube, in the province of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, March 11, 1838, and is a son of Martin and Julia (Radden) Trepkau. It is supposed that the Trepkau family originated in Hol- land, while the maternal ancestors were Germans. The parents of our subject spent their entire lives in the Fatherland. Fred- erica Trepkau, a sister of Mr. Trepkau, was the first of the family to emigrate to Amer- ica; but no trace of her has been obtained since her arrival in the New World. The father continued to follow agricultural pur- suits in Germany until his death, which oc- curred when our subject was thirteen years of age. His widow survived him for many years, passing away in 1892. They had ten children, five of whom are still living, name- ly: Fritz; Julia, now Mrs. Bold; Louisa, wife of Henry Searox, of Iowa; Adolph and Theodore. Mr. Fritz Trepkau spent his boyhood days in his native land and acc|uired his ed- ucation in the public schools near his home. Early in life he liegan learning the cabinet- maker's trade, and on the completion of his term of apprenticeship he worked as a jour- neyman in his native land until i860, when he determined to seek a home and fortune in America. Accordingly he took passage on a westward-!)ound vessel and landed at New York on the 5th of September. A few days later he proceeded to Orange, and has been a continuous resident of this city for thirty- seven years. For the past twelve years he has been engaged in the undertaking busi- ness, and has been one of the leaders in his line. He has built up a good trade and thereby has accumulated a comfortable ccTmpetence. His business career, however, was inter- rupted soon after coming to tlie L^nited -■-Sl^-. '^^^^ >.. ESSEX COUNTY. 429 States. The civil war was inaugurated, and, his sympathies being with the Union, lie of- fered his services to the government, enlist- ing in Battery C, First Battalion of New York Artillery, January 10, 1862; Febru- ary 29, 1864, he re-enlisted for three years, or during the war; October 25th following he was transferred to the Thirtieth New York Independent Battery; February 15, 1865, he was promoted to the position of corporal; and January 23d following he was honorably discharged as acting sergeant, being a veteran at the close of the war. The battery which he at first joined was recruited and organized in New York city, where it was mustered into service September 16, 1861; October 20th following it left the state and served in the Department of Wash- ington; in the Army of the Potomac from March, 1862, to May, 1863; in the artillery reserve from March, 1862; Third Brigade, Artillery Reserve, Fifth Army Corps, from May. 1862; Artillery Reserve, Fifth Army Corps, from September, 1862; Artillery Reserve, Army of the Potomac, from December, 1862 (designation changed to the Thirty-first New York Independent Battery, March 16, 1863); served in the Department of Washington, Twenty-sec- ond x'\rmy Corps, from May, 1863; Eighth Army Corps. Military District of Harper's Ferry, and Department of West Virginia, from July, 1863; Artillery Brigade, First In- fantry Division, Department of West Vir- ginia, from January, 1864; .\rtillery Brig- ade, Department of West Virginia, from May, 1864; and Reserve Division from July, 1864; District of Harper's Ferry, Middle Military Division, from August, 1864. A more particular account of Mr. Trep- kau's military service comprises the follow- ing items: Moved to Washington, D. C, October 20, 1861, and on duty there and in that vicinity until March 26, 1862; in the Peninsular (Virginia) campaign, April to August, 1862; siege of Yorktown, April 5th to May 4th; action with battery near Urini's Mills, or Redoubt A, April 28, 1862; ad- vance to the Chickahominy, May 9th to 22d; Seven Days' battles, June 25th to July 2d; battle of Mechanicsville. June 26th; Garnett's farm and Gaines' Mills, June 27th; Garnett's and Golding's farms, June 28th; battle of Glendale, June 30th; engage- ment at Turkey Bridge, or Malvern Cliff, June 30th; battle of Malvern Hill, July ist; on duty at Harrison's Landing, July 2d to August 1 6th; moved to Alexandria to re-en- force General Pope's army, August i6th to 29th; Maryland campaign, September 6th to 20th; action on Antietam creek. Sep- tember 1 6th; battle of Antietam, September 17th; action at Boteler's Ford, September 20th; on duty in Pleasant Valley until Oc- tober 31st; advanced to Falmouth, Virginia, November ist to i8th; held position on the heights at Falmouth from November 20th; battle of Fredericksburg, December i ith to 15th; covered the crossing of General Franklin's grand division at Deep Run, Rappahannock river, December iith to 14th; held position on Gray's farm, enfilad- ing Massaponax creek, December 14th and 15th; held position near Franklin's Cross- ing, from December, 1862, to May, 1863; action at Franklin's Crossing, or Deep Run, .-\pril 28 to May 2, 1863; Maryes' Heights and Salem Church, May 3d and 4th; on duty near Falmcuith luitil June 13th; marched to Fairfax Court House, June 13 to 15, 1863; detached from the Artillery Reserve. June 25th, for duty in the defenses of Wash- ington; moved to a point near Frederick. 430 ESSEX COUNTY. Maryland, July /th; served temporarily in the Eighth Army Corps from July 7th to August 8th; on garrison duty at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, August, 1863, to May, 1864; engagement at Newmarket, May 15, 1864; Lynchburg campaign, May 26th to June 29th; engagement at Pied- mont, June 5th; occupation of Staunton, June 6th; action near Lynchburg, June 17th and i8th; skirmish at Buford's Gap, June 20th; skirmish at Salem, June 21st; opera- tions in the Shenandoah valley, from July 3d to August 3d; defense of Harper's Ferry and Maryland Heights, July 3d to 4th; ac- tion at Charleston, West Virginia, July 19th; action at Bunker Hill and Martins- burg, July 25th; in compliance with special order No. 25 reported for duty in the Dis- trict of Harper's Ferry, July 27th; assigned to the defenses of Harper's Ferry, July 28th, reporting to General Max Weber. Original members, except veterans, mus- tered out, and veterans and recruits trans- ferred to the Thirtieth New York Inde- pendent Battery, October 25th. This bat- tery served at Harper's Ferry and vicinity until January 2, 1865, and at Camp Barry, defenses of Washington, D. C. until June. Mustered out at New York city, June 23, 1865. Thus for more than three years did Mr. Trepkau faithfully follow the old flag on southern battlefields, valiantly fighting for the cause it represented, and his military record is one of which he may be justly proud. Mr. Trepkau was married in Orange, Au- gust 4, 1868, the lady of his choice being Elizabeth Volk, a daughter of Leonard and Barbara Volk. She was born in New York, October 31, 1845, «i"d by her marriage be- came the mother of two children : Clara Alvina, born April 3, 1872; and Fritz Leon- ard Martin, born June 14, 1881. Mr. Trepkau is a member of various benevolent and social organizations, as John F. Morse Lodge, No. 183, L O. O. F., of which he has served as past district deputy grand master; Orange Lodge, No. 186, D. O. H., of which he was treasurer for ten years, and in which body he also belongs to the grand lodge; is past commander of Uzal Dodd Post, No. 12, G. A. R., and was aid-de-camp to the commander-in-chief during 1893. He also belongs to the New- ark Pioneer Society and to the Saenger- bund of Orange. He is a member of the board of trustees of the German-English school, and for eight years was president of that body. Li his political views Mr. Trepkau is a stalwart Republican, and in respect to re- ligion he and his family attend the First German Lutheran church. GEORGE W. PANCOST. One who has attained a position of prominence in connection with the financial aft'airs of the national metropolis, who has rendered to his country the valiant service of a loyal son of the republic, and who has been a resident of Bloomfield, New Jersey, for nearly three decades, — it is certainly in- cumbent that he whose name initiates this review be accorded representation in this compilation, for he stands as an exemplar of that true citizenship and integrity of pur- pose which constitute the bulwarks of our national prosperity. In the paternal line Mr. Pancost traces his genealogy to English origin, the Amer- ican progenitor having emigrated hither in early colonial days and having been a mem- ESSEX COUNTY. 431 I ber of that noble organization, the Society of Friends, in common parlance designated as Quakers. Mr. Pancost may be truly said to be by birthright a member of this society, for in the maternal line also his an- cestors were Quakers, having been num- bered among the original settlers of Ulster county. New York. George W. Pancost is a native of New York city, where he was born on the 17th of April, 1841, being the son of Samuel P. and Rachel (Vernoory) Pancost. His fa- ther was born in Waterford, Vermont, be- ing the son of Caleb Pancost, who was like- wise a native of the same state, where the family had been established for many gen- erations. The mother of the immediate subject of this review was liorn in West- chester county. New York, the daughter of Cornelius Vernoory, who was born in Ul- ster county. New York, of which section his ancestors were pioneers, as has been al- ready noted. George W. passed his youth in New York city, receiving his educational discipline in the public schools and com- pleting an effective course of study in the high school. In the year i860 he initiated what has proved a most successful and honorable business career in the field of financial operations, securing a position as assistant bookkeeper in a bank, in New York, and retaining this incumbency until that hour when his intrinsically loyal and patriotic nature was roused to responsive protest and definite action, as the rebel guns thundered against Fort Sumter and the nation was menaced by armed rebellion. In 1861 Mr Pancost enlisted as a member of the Eighty-third New York Volunteer Infantn.-. Colonel John W. Stiles com- manding, and was ordered with his com- mand to Virginia, where he was an active participant in the second battle of Bull Run. Later on he was in the very thick of the fray at the memorable battle of Antie- tam, where he received two serious wounds almost simultaneously. A gun-shot shat- tered the bone of his left arm, rendering amputation ultimately necessary, and he was also wounded in the left leg, at the knee joint, the injury permanently stiffening the joint. He was taken to the hospital, where he was confined for a period of three months, within which time he recuperated his shattered energies, though it was ever thereafter to be his portion to bear the un- mistakable badge of courage and of loyal service in more than the mere scars of battle. Mr. Pancost's injuries were such as to necessarily incapacitate him for further service on the field, and he received his honorable discharge in 1862. He forth- with returned to New York city, where he accepted the position of bookkeeper in the Bank of the Commonwealth, being retained in this capacity for a period of several years, when he accepted a similar incumbency in the Sixth Na- tional Bank of New York city. — an in- stitution in which his careful and conserva- tive methods, unmistakable ability, rare dis- crimination and unswen-ing fidelity were eventually to gain him distinctive official precedence. He advanced by successive stages until 1887, when he was chosen cashier of the bank, which responsible and exacting office he has since held consecu- tively, his administration of the practical affairs of the monetary institution iiaving been such as to indicate the wisdom of the choice. The Sixth National is known as one of the stanch and impregnable banking houses of the Union, and its prestige has been assured by the careful and discrimi- 432 ESSEX COUNTY. nating methods brought to bear in its man- agement, as well as by the financial respon- sibility of those who stand as its sponsors. In political adherency Mr. Pancost up- holds the principles and policies advanced by the Republican party, exercising his franchise in the support of the same at state and national elections, but maintaining a liberal attitude in local affairs, which he considers somewhat outside the domain of ordinary politics. He keeps alive his inter- est in his old comrades in arms and in the deeper associations of his military career, by holding membership in Lafayette Post, No. 140. G. A. R.. of Bloomfield. He is known as one of the public-spirited and progressive citizens of Bloomfield. having a beautiful home at 220 Linden avenue. He has been a resident of Essex county since i868. and in the attractions of the beautiful suburban district where he has so long maintained his home he finds rest and re- laxation from the thronging cares of the day, and it need not be said that his most tender associations are those that cluster about his home. In the year 1863 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Pancost to Miss Sarah Ter- willeger. of New York city, which figures as the place of her nativity. Mr. and Mrs. Pancost are the parents of one son and two daughters. — Warren L. is a resident of Glen Ridge; Florence E. is the wife of Henry Bogert. of Glen Ridge; and Jennie is the wife of John W. Knight, also a resi- df;nt of the same place. able representative of the legal profession, which stands as the protector of human life, liberty and property. He was born in Or- ange, New Jersey, on the loth of Decem- ber, 1829, and received excellent educa- tional privileges, his literary education be- ing completed by his graduation in Yale College, in 1850, on the completion of a four-years course. He then took up the study of law in Newark and after a thor- ough course of reading was admitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 1853. and as a counselor in February, 1864. Since 1872 he has been associated in practice with William Silas Whitehead, and has had a fair share of the important litigation that has been heard in the courts of the district. He is a forceful speaker, a clear reasoner. logical in argument and ready in debate. He has been honored by his fellow-towns- men with public office, having been elected to the state legislature in 1867, while at the present time he is special master in chan- cery. ALBERT P. CONDIT. For nearly forty-five years Albert P. Condit has been a member of the bar of Newark and has attained prestige as an CAPTAIN BENJAMIN W. HOPPER. a descendant of one of the distinctly con- spicuous families of New Jersey, whose loy- alty to the LTnited States and public-spirited enthusiasm were made manifest both before and after the war of the Revolution, Captain Hopper is particularly deserving of mention in a compilation of this nature, as much on his own behalf as on that of his ancestors, who played so important a part in the his- tory of this nation. The records of Bergen county. New Jer- sey, show that an early Dutch emigrant located there near the date of the settlement of New Amsterdam, New York, and from 1623 an account of the family's private and E.SSEX COUNTY. 433 I public services demonstrates the fact that the members were ranked among the prom- inent people in their respective communi- ties. They were noted for their uncompro- mising patriotism to the United States dur- ing the struggle for freedom from the crown and also for their unstinted hatred of Eng- land in her pretensions of sovereignty over the colonies after the Declaration of Inde- pendence had been issued. The Hopper familv not only contributed means to aid in prosecuting the war, but also sent forth men for active service in the ranks, some of whom shed their blood at the hands of the Tories upon the battlefields, while Cap- tain Jonathan Hopper was murdered by the Tories at Xew Barbadoes, Bergen county, New Jersey, on the 2ist of April, 1779. Abraham Hopper, the Captain's grand- father, married Charity Pulis, and to them were born fourteen children. Of this num- ber John A. Hopper, father of our suljject, was born on the i ith of February, 1804, be- came a leading citizen of his county, and was one of the first to denounce the liquor traffic. He married Miss Keziah Wester- velt, a daughter of John and Charity (Ban- ta) Westervelt. the former of whom de- scended from Holland ancestry. To ^Ir. and Mrs. Hopper were born the following children: Abram J., a blacksmith, who died in Newark, in 1880; John W. : Thomas B., who died in earl\- life; Benjamin W. : Mary, deceased; Henry, who is chief of police in Newark; William, deceased; Jacob, who has also passed away; and Levi, who is connect- ed with the Central Railroad at Newark. Captain Benjamin W. Hopper was born in Bergen county. New Jersey, on the 15th of ]May, 1839, at the old homestead, and re- ceived but a meager education in the public schools there. At the age of sixteen he left the farm on which he was reared and was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, which he followed until the war of the Rebellion was inaugurated, when he offered his ser- vices in defense of the old flag, and on the 20th of September, 1861. enlisted as a pri- vate in Company E, Ninth New Jersey Vol- unteer Infantry. The regiment left the state in the following December, and at once went into active service. For efircient and gallant conduct on the field of battle Mr. Hopper was made a sergeant, and his brav- ery in that capacity attracted the attention of General Hickman, who promoted him to a lieutenancy. Soon thereafter he was commissioned captain, and as such con- tinued his service with unfaltering fidelity and capability until hostilfties had ended. During an engagement at Fort Fading he received a wound in the hand, and two days later was injured in the breast and arm; but in spite of these disabilities he persisted in remaining with his company, which, being well drilled and equipped, could be relied upon for any dtity required of it. Among other complimentary references to Captain Hopper's service, the compiler of the history of the Ninth New Jersey Regi- ment says "he was held in the highest esteem by ofificers and men." The Captain was ap- pointed inspector-general of the Twenty- third Corps in front of Goldsboro, North Carolina, performing his duties in a master- ful manner and receiving encomiums from Sherman, Cox and Scofield regarding the same. The Ninth fomied a part of the ex- pedition of Burnside against Roanoke Island, in January, 1862, which was disabled by a storm at Cape Hatteras, where many vessels were wrecked, thus delaying the at- tack until the 8th of February. After the battle of Newbern, North Carolina, the ii— 28 434 ESSEX COUNTY. siege of Fort Macon and the skirmishing that followed these two engagements, the Ninth went to South Carolina, where it joined Hunter's army at St. Helena island, and in April, 1863, it returned to North Carolina, there aiding in the release of General Foster at Little Washington. In October of the same year the regiment was transferred to Newport News, Virginia, where the army went into winter quarters. The following spring Captain Hopper was granted a furlough for thirty days, return- ing to his regiment on the 8th of March, and on the 26th of April took the field, par- ticipating in the movements leading up to the battle of Cold Harbor, in which engage- ment Company E suffered a loss of seventy- six men out of ninety-eight, only twenty- two reporting for duty. The following sum- mer and fall, up to some time in September, were spent in the vicinity of Bermuda Hun- dred, and then the regiment returned to North Carolina, remaining at Carolina City until March 4, 1865, when it joined in the pursuit of General Johnston at Raleigh, and was almost in continuous action until John- ston's surrender. Captain Hopper's com- pany was ordered from the field on the 12th of July, and was mustered out of service at Trenton within a few days. At the close of the war the Captain was acting assistant ad- jutant-general on the staff of General Jim Stewart, Jr. He has in his possession the report of the company he commanded through the war. In October, 1865, having returned to the north. Captain Hopper entered the employ of the Central Railroad Company as bag- gage agent at the New York station, re- maining in that position until the middle of November, when he went on the road as baggage master. Soon thereafter he was made a conductor, from which position he was promoted to that of ticket agent, being stationed at the foot of Liberty street, New York, the ofifice at that time being in a freight car. After lea\ing that place he was given charge of a train on the Allen- town line, running between New York and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and on the ist of July, 1869, he was appointed station mas- ter for the Central Railroad at Newark, en- tering upon his duties on the ist of Au- gust. At present he is general agent for the Jersey Central Railroad at Newark, in which capacity he has given entire satisfac- tion to the company, while the ptiblic re- gard him as a most obliging official. During the great railroad strike of 187-, when traffic had been completely closed for four days, the Captain was the one selected to ])ilot troops from Elizabeth to Phillips- burg, New Jersey, the headquarters of the strikers, and, if possible, put an end to the strike. So well did he succeed in this un- dertaking that he had the leading strikers under arrest and troops posted throughout Phillipsburg almost before the strikers themselves knew of his arrival. As soon as he saw his dutv fulfilled he returned by spe- cial engine to his post at Newark. During the great blizzard of 1888, when the rail- roads throughout the country were com- pletely blocked, he could not understand why trains were not run between Newark and New York. The telegraph wires being rendered useless by the storm, he started out alone and on foot to see what could be done. He reached Bergen cut after a peril- ous trip over bridges crossing the Hacken- sack and Passaic rivers, and found two trains, fi\e cars ami three locomotives snowbound in the innncnse drifts, where ESSEX COUNTY. 435 they had been for twenty-six hours. He continued on to Communipaw, New Jersey, where he asked for four locomotives. When questioned concerning the purpose for which he wished them, and replying, "To open the line to Newark," he was laughed at; but the locomotives were procured, and after half a day's hard work he had the sat- isfaction of reaching Newark on the first train through from New York over any of the lines reaching this city. It is by deeds of this character that he has won the esteem and respect of the men in his charge, as well as the utmost confidence on the part of his superiors, who realize that he is the right man in the right place. He is spoken of in the highest temis by all who know him; friends do not hesitate to call upon him for favors, for if it lies within his possibility to grant them he never hesitates to do them. He shows the utmost consideration for the rights of those who work under him, and is a man of the broadest humanitarian prin- ciples. The marriage of Captain Hopper was consummated on the nth of Alay, 1870, when he was united to Miss Mary \\'ood Keller, a daughter of Edmund Keller, of Easton, Pennsylvania, who married Miss Rosa Troxell. and reared four children. Cap- tain and Mrs. Hopper are the parents of four children also. Edmund K., the eldest, born May i, 1871, wedded Miss Mary Mal- colm, and is connected with the Prudential Insurance Company; Herbert W., who was born October 13, 1875, is first lieutenant of the Essex Infantry; Emelie S., born Decem- ber 18, 1878, and Clarence R., born August II, 1880, complete the family, and are still at home with their parents. Captain Hop- per owns the old home, in Morris county, where he was born. Touching upon the social relations of Captain Hopper we may state that he is af- filiated with the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained to the thirty-second degree. He is also an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and an honor- ary member of the Essex Infantry, which he organized. He is also a member of the association of the Roanoke Survivors, which is composed of the survivors of the various commands who actively partici- pated in this battle, it being the first one in which they were engaged and practically the first victory of importance for the Union army. He has always been a strong Republican in politics, and the early members of the family were old-line Whigs. COL. GEORGE P. OLCOTT. superintendent of the East Orange water- works, was born in New York city, June 16, 1850. He came with his parents to Montclair about i860, and later to East Or- ange. His first knowledge of civil engi- neering was obtained as an employe of a railroad company. He was a member of the engineering corps which constructed the Passaic river dykes on the Newark meadows. On the completion of this work he became associated with W. H. V. Reimer, civil engineer, continuing until 1878. He then took up the special work of drainage and sanitan,- engineering. He constructed the works of the Orange Water Company, and has been superintendent of the company since 1882. He has served four years as a member of the East Orange board of education. He re])resented his district in the state legislature in 1893, and was re-elected the 436 ESSEX COUNTY. following year. During the latter term he introduced and urged the passage of the township school act. Of this, Mr. Poland, in his school report for 1894. says: '"The passage of the Olcott school bill of 1894 will stand for years to come as one of the epochs in the school history of New Jer- sey." Colonel Olcott sened six years in the National Guard of New Jersey, and was made quartermaster of Third Battalion in 1S90, and in 1894 was made quartermaster- general with the rank of colonel. He is a member of the Catling Cun Armory Asso- ciation, of East Orange, and other local so- cieties and organizations. He married Ella H. Condit, a native of East Orange, and has seven children. WILLIAM W. LYONS. That the plenitude of satiety is seldom attained in the affairs of life is to be con- sidered as a most grateful and beneficial deprivation, for where ambition is satisfied and every ultimate aim realized — if such is possible — there must follow individual apathy. Effort will cease, accomplishment be prostrate and creative talent waste its energies in supine inactivity. The men who have pushed forward the wheels of progress have been those to whom satiety lay ever in the future, and they have labored consecu- tively, and have not failed to find in each transition stage an incentive for further ef- fort. Laudable ambition has ever been one of the marked characteristics of William W. Lyons, and it is this that has gained him the present responsible position he occupies as secretary and manager of the Heller Tool Company, of Newark. Born in Manchester, England, on the 3d of May, 1855, he is a son of William and Ann (Guthrie) Lyons. The paternal grand- father was William Lyons, Sr., who emi- grated from the city of Darmstadt, Ger- many, to England about the year 1805. Locating in Manchester, he engaged in the manufacture of the celebrated Lyons inks, which have become known throughout the civilized world. The founder of this es- tabHshment died in 1819, at the age of thir- ty-five years, and was succeeded by his son, William, the father of our subject. The father studied chemistry under the cele- brated Dr. Grace Calvert, of Manchester, England. William Lyons married Miss Ann Guthrie, a daughter of John and Ann (Palliser) Guthrie, both of whom were de- scendants of eminent English families. The father was a native of the village of Bishop Burton, in Yorkshire, England. The parents of our subject had a family of four sons : Hyman. who married, had one daugh- ter, and died at the age of fifty years; Joseph, who is married and with his family of three children resides at Southport, Eng- land; Henry, who died at the age of twenty- four years; and William W. Mr. Lyons, whose name introduces this review, was educated in the grammar and collegiate schools of Manchester, England, and also pursued his studies in the Mo- ravian College, in the town of New Weid, on the river Rhine, in Prussia. He was graduated in that institution and later at- tended a private school conducted by the eminent Doctor Verson, at Dunquerque, France, where he remained for one year. He then determined to seek his fortune in South Africa, but after two years returned home, continuing in Manchester, England, until the death of his father in 1880. At- tracted by the opportunities afforded in the United States, he made arrangements to I WILLIAM W. LYONS. ESSEX COUNTY. 437 leave the land of his nativity, and on the 14th of December, .1880, landed at New York. Taking up his residence in Newark, he here engaged in business in partnership with his father-in-law, James Dodge, and David Blake, under the firm name of Dodge, Blake and Lyons, in the manufac- ture of crucible steel. In 1884 Mr. Blake sold his interest to Elias G. Heller and re- tired from the firm. The business was then conducted under the firm style of Dodge, Heller & Lyons until 1890, when Mr. Dodge retired, selling his interest to Mr. Heller, and the firm was incorporated under the name of the Heller Tool Company, with Elias G. Heller as president, Ernest A. GeofTroy, treasurer, and William W. Lyons, secretary and manager. Under the wise and prudent management of these gentle- men the business has steadily increased and their trade has now assumed extensive pro- portions. Mr. Lyons was married in Roseville, January 29, 188 1, to Miss Cynthia Joseph- ine Dodge, a daughter of James and Cynthia Dodge. Her father was the founder of the business which is now con- ducted under the name of the Heller Tool Company, establishing the enterprise in 1882. He is one of the few American members of the Royal Society of Mechani- cal Engineers, of England, having received the gold medal by reason of his various inventions, which include the hammer-forg- ing and grinding machinery, and also the patented saw-grinding process. His testimonials were certified by John and Jacob Bright, Sir E. Armitage and other eminent men of England, as a tribute to the skill and mechanical genius of Mr. Dodge. To. Mr. and Mrs. Lyons has been born one daughter, Ethel Josephine, born No- vember 6, 1885. Mr. Lyons is a member of the Episcopal church, and his wife attends the Presbyterian church. He is a Repub- lican in his political views but has never sought or desired public office, preferring to devote his time and energies to his business interests, in which he has met with signal success. He is, however, a public-spirited and progressive citizen, and his devotion to the general welfare is shown by the fact that he gives his support and co-operation to every movement calculated to benefit the community. JOHN HUNKELE is a native of the Fatherland, his birth hav- ing occurred IMarch 26, 1832, in the ort- schaft of Neuhausen, in the oberamdt of Pfortzheim. His parents were Joseph A. and Rosa (Friton) Hunkele; his father fol- lowed the occupation of a blacksmith, was a Catholic in religious faith, and died in the year 1854, at the age of forty-seven years. The mother died in the United States, at the advanced age of eighty-four years. In the public schools of his native coun- tr}' John Hunkele acquired his education, and at an early age learned the cutlery trade. When a young man he bade adieu to home and friends, preparatory to trying his fortune in America, and was upon the water on the eighteenth anniversary of his birth. He landed in New York city on the loth of May, 1850, after a voyage of forty- eight days, and on the 5th of July of that year came to Newark, since which time he has made his home in Essex county. He first secured work on a farm near Newark, but on the ist of September, 1850, he se- cured a position in a cutlery establishment, and later worked at his trade for a New 438 ESSEX COUNTY. York firm. In 1857 he turned his atten- tion to farming and also engaged in the grocery trade. At the time of the war he responded to the country's cah for troops, and after the return of peace he engaged in dairy farming, with excellent success. Later he embarked in the grocery business, but between the years 1874 and 1876 met with financial reverses, — that being a period of general commercial depression. At length he resumed the dairy business, which he carried on until 1881, when he was called to public office, and since his retirement to private life he has engaged in contracting and building. Mr. Hunkele has taken a very promi- nent part in military affairs, and was a leader in the political movement which re- sulted in the organization of the Repub- lican party in this locality. He was also in- strumental in the formation, in 1856, of the John C. Fremont Association, which after some years disbanded, but was reorganized during the Garfield campaign and carried that same old banner that had been carried in 1856. The society is still in existence and Mr. Hunkele has ever been one of its most active and loyal members, serving for four- teen years as its president. In t86o he par- ticipated in the organization of the state militia and was elected captain of Company E, First Regiment, Essex Brigade, of which Bishop Baldwin, of South Orange, was colonel. In the year 1862 he euHsted in the Union army,, in connection with his com- pany, and was mustered in as captain of Company E, Twenty-sixth New Jersey Volunteers, for nine months' service. He participated in the battles of Chancellors- ville. Fredericksburg and Salem Heights, and was honorably discharged May 17, 1863. During his service he was also in the division that followed Lee in his invasion of the north, terminating at Gettysburg. When mustered out he returned to New Jersey and became a recruiting officer at Newark. In 1864, in the space of six days he recruited another company, and as their captain was mustered in as commander of Company F, Thirty-ninth New Jersey In- fantry. His company reported at City Point, Virginia, joined Grant's army, and was attached to the First Division, Second Brigade, Ninth Army Corps, under Briga- dier General Parker. With his company he was for four months on picket duty in front of Petersburg, Virginia, and was present at Appomattox when the surrender of Lee vir- tually ended the war. Captain Hunkele was a brilliant officer, loyal and courageous, and though he never needlessly exposed his men to danger, he never feared to be their leatler if duty called tliem into the thickest of the fray. Mr. Hunkele has held five different com- missions as an army officer, first serving as captain in the state militia, then twice with the same rank in the volunteer service, afterward as major of the state militia, and still later he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the state militia. He has also been honored by election to a number of civil offices, the duties of which he has discharged with marked fidelity and ability. In 1868 he was elected a member of the general assembly from the sixth dis- trict, fonned of Essex county, receiving a majority of two hundred and four, — then a very large vote, — and in 1869 his popular- ity was proven by his re-election, which also indicated the public confidence reposed in him. In 1875 he was elected alderman from the Thirteenth ward of Newark, serv- ing four years, and during that time was a ESSEX COUNTY. 439 member of the police committee for tliree years. In 1878 he was elected a member of the public-road board, receiving a larger majority than any one else on the ticket, and in that capacity served until 1880. In 1882 he was appointed by the city council to the position of assistant street commis- sioner for a term of two years, and in 1885, was appointed street commissioner, serving until 1891, when on account of a change in administration he was retired. Captain Hunkele was married January 22, 1856, to ^liss Barbara Sipp, daughter of John and Catharine (Dress) Sipp, all na- tives of Bavaria, Germany. Fourteen children have been born of this union : John, who was born August 29, 1856, mar- ried Lena Huel and resides in Newark, and their children are George, Joseph, John. Jr., and Florence; Henry, born February 22, 1858, died in infancy; Barbara, born in 1859, died at the age of three and a half years; Joseph A., born Februan,' 29, i860, married Anna Schneider, who died, and he subsequently married Catharine Holen- bach, and they have one child, named Pau- line; Frank died at the age of seven- teen months: Herman, born X'ovember i, 1864, married Margaret Rummel and had three children, — Frank, Harry and Tiny, — and died in June, 1895: William, born in 1866, married Anna Werner anil had two children, — Agnes and Lena, — and died in August, 1893; August T., born September 24, 1867, married Theresa Whitting and has three children, — Theresa, Augustus and Caroline; Christina, born June 19, 1869; Gustav, born June 14, 1871; Mary, born August 15, 1873; Phillip C, born De- cember 25, 1874; Bena, born March 26, 1876, married Madison Parks: and Barbara, born March 14, 1878. The parents attend the Episcopal church, and Captain Hunkele is a member of the Knights of Honor. He is a man of liberal views, conscientious in all his dealings, un- assuming in his demeanor, kindly and gen- erous in treatment of others, loyal in spirit and in his conduct toward all the institu- tions of his adopted country, for whose honor he fought on southern battle-fields and for whose welfare he has striven through the years of peace. MRS. CHARLES B. YARDLEY is known as one of the most earnest, ener- getic and progressive women of the coun- try, and her efforts to enlarge and increase the influence of the women of her adopted state have met with the hearty appreciation of her co-laborers and all others interested in this nol)le work. Under the auspices of the board of managers of the Columbian Exposition, of which she was a member, she made a collection of the books and writ- ings of the women of New Jersey, amount- ing to over four hundred published vol- umes, ])esides nuich additional unimblished matter. She also compiled in two volumes a choice selection from two hundred and seventy authors who have contributed newspaper and magazine articles from time to time, not previously j)ublished in book form. These, together with all the other volumes collected, were ])laced on exhibi- tion in the women's de])artment at the World's Fair, and are now in the capitol, at Trenton. In recognition of her efforts in behalf of the authors of New Jersey, she was awarded by the managing committee of the exhibition a gold medal. Mrs. Yardley has been a member of the Sorosis for the past twenty-five years, and 440 ESSEX COUNTY. the Women's Club, of Orange, twenty years, and has been identified with various other movements for the advancement of her sex. In 1894 she organized the New Jersey State Federation of Women's Clubs, consisting of fifty-two women's hterary and other cUibs, of which she is the president. She sent an exhibit of this work to be hung in the women's department of the Atlanta Exposition. Mrs. Yardley is one of the foremost workers and leaders in the So- ciety of the Daughters of the Revolution, and was recently elected regent of the na- tional organization, but resigned after hold- ing the ])Osition for a few months, because of certain informal proceedings which did not meet with her approval. HARVEY W. MOREHOUSE. The following memoir, which relates somewhat concerning the life history of one who stood as an honored resident of Essex county for the long span of an active and useful life, is offered as a sHght tribute to a man of intrinsic nobility of character, — one whose strength was as the number of his days. Not all men order their lives to their liking; nor yet are all men true to themselves in hving as nearly to their ideals as possible and attaining to such heights as their opportunities and talents render accessible. We now turn to one who did much and did it well. Not a pretentious or exalted life was his, but one which was true to itself and its possibilities, and one to which the biog- raphist may revert with respect and satis- faction. A man of strong intellectual force and mature judgment, his character found its deeper values in the wellsprings of ab- solute integrity and most exalted motives. The veil was Hfted to gain a brighter glory when death placed its seal upon the mortal lips of him whose name initiates this re- view. The ancestral history of Harvey W. Morehouse was one of intimate identifica- tion with the annals of New Jersey, and the records bespeak in each generation men of industry, intelligence and sterling worth of character, — men typifying the highest order of citizenship and the deepest honor in all the relations of life. The original pro- genitor of the family in New Jersey was David Morehouse, who removed from Long Island to this state about the middle of the eighteenth century. He was un- doubtedly of English descent, and it is rea- sonably well authenticated that the family became identified with American history in early colonial days. During the war of the Revolution David Morehouse manifested the sturdiest loyalty to the cause of inde- pendence, and he was seized by the British and for a time was held as a prisoner in New York. Upon coming to New Jersey he took up his residence in Springfield, whence he came to Millburn township, where he passed the remainder of his life, dying at an advanced age. After locating in Essex county, he gave his attention both to blacksmithing and to work at the mason's trade. Benjamin Morehouse, son of David and grandfather of the immediate subject of this memoir, was born in Springfield, New Jer- sey, on the 14th of March, 1752, accom- panying his parents upon their removal to Milllnn-n township. He lived to at- tain the Psalmist's span of three score years and ten, his death occurring on the 29th of May, 1823. The greater portion of his active life was de- voted to agricultural pursuits, and he was ESSEX COUNTY. 441 recognized as one of the successful and in- fluential farmers of the county. He was united in marriage to Phebe Haines, a native of the state of New York, and they became the parents of the following named children: Benjamin, Jacob, Smith, Hannah, Polly, Lydia and Phebe. The grandfather was a zealous member of the Presbyterian church in Springfield, in which he was for many years a deacon, and his entire life was a practical exemplification of the Christian faith which he professed. His wife died at the venerable age of eighty years, having passed her last da3S in the home of her son Jacob, who accorded her the deepest rev- erence and filial solicitude. Jacob Morehouse, father of our subject, was born on the old homestead farm in Millburn township, on the nth of October, 1789. He grew up under the sturdy and invigorating discipline of the farm, but in his youth learned the weaver's trade, to which line of enterprise he devoted his at- tention for many years, his well directed efTorts being attended with a due measure of success. On the 22d of September, 1814, he was united in marriage to Miss Lydia Baldwin, who was born in what is now Livingston township, on the 19th of June, 1793, being the daughter of David and Betsy (Reeve) Baldwin. David Bald- win was a native of the same locality, being the son of Captain Enos Baldwin. David and Betsy Baldwin became the parents of fourteen children, two of whom died in in- fancy, while all the others lived to attain maturity and two of the sons rendered valiant service in the war of 1812. Enos was killed, by falling from a tree, when twenty-two years of age, but the other eleven children married and established homes of their own, their names, in order of birth, being as follows: ]\Iary, Isaac, Aaron, Moses, David, Abner, William, Harriet, Lydia, Catherine and Nancy. David Baldwin was a blacksmith by trade, and he lived to be about seventy years of age, his widow surviving him for some years. After his marriage Jacob Morehouse pur- chased a tract of land near the old home- stead, erected a house thereon, and in con- nection with his trade carried on farming. He and his wife held membership in the Presbyterian church at Springfield and were prominently concerned in the organi- zation of the church at Chatham, in which he held the ofiiices of deacon and elder. His early political affiliations were placed with the old-line Whig party, but he eventually transferred his allegiance to the Repub- lican part}-, of whose principles he was thereafter a stanch and uncompromising ad- vocate. He was a man of inflexible integri- ty in all the afifairs of life, and he so lived as to gain and retain the esteem and con- fidence of all with whom he came in con- tact. Mrs. Morehouse died on the 5th of February, 1865, and on the 7th of June, 1868. Mr. Morehouse was summoned into eternal rest, full of honors and good works. Jacob and Lydia (Baldwin) Morehouse were the parents of four sons, — Harvey W., the immediate subject of this memoir; Aaron B., a resident of Fairfield, Essex county; William, who died in Newark; and David B., who resides in Brooklyn, New York. Harvey W. Morehouse \\as born on the 14th of November, 1817, the place of his nativity having been the ancestral home- stead, in Millburn township, and here, in the spot so hallowed by association, his death occurred, on the 23d of February, 442 ESSEX COUNTY. 1898, at the age of eighty years. He was reared beneath tlie parental roof, and the home associations were of that order which ever Ijeget true manliness and sterling honor. He was accorded such educational advantages as the place and the period af- forded, while he also contributed his quota towards carrying on the work of the farm and assisted his father in the operations of the shop. As a youth he gave distinctive evidence of that deep human sympathy and unflinching adherence to lofty principles which were ever dominating characteristics of his life. His mentality was of superior order and his ability was shown in the suc- cess which attended his efforts in the quieter walks of life. His energy and judgment were brought to bear and his achievements, though not of the sort that are heralded abroad, were none the less distinct, worthy and gratifying. On attaining his majority Mr. Morehouse purchased the farm which had belonged to his grandfather, and he further completed his arrangements for a home of his own by his marriage, in 1842, to Miss Juliet W. Baldwin, a native of Mill- burn township and a daughter of Captain Daniel Baldwin, and his wife, nee Cath- erine Meeker, who were the parents of two sons and four daughters, namely : Eliza- beth, Sarah Caroline, Juliet W., Ne\Yton, Louisa, and John A. To Mr. and Mrs. Morehouse four children were born : Ben- jamin Franklin, of Millburn township; John Newton; Daniel, who died at the age of ten months; and Louisa B., widow of George W. Roberts, who died leaving one son, Harvey M. J. Newton Morehouse, the second son of Harvey W. Morehouse, was born in 1846 in the township of Millburn, and in 1865 entered the office of the Na- tional Newark Banking Company in whose employ he has continued ever since, having occupied various positions of trust and re- sponsibility. In 1876 he was married to Miss Evalina L. Baldwin, daughter of Dr. Milton Baldwin, late of Newark. To them were born three children, a son and two daughters. The son is Milton Baldwin Morehouse, who graduated from Princeton University with the class of 1898, and the daughters are Evalina King and Louise Franklin. At the time of his marriage Mr. More- house settled on the farm which ever after continued to be his home. He brought the place to the highest state of cultivation and productiveness, and as the years passed he made substantial improvements and so added to the conveniences and accessories of the old homestead that it could well be taken as a model type and as representing an ideal home. His life was one of useful- ness and honor. He was honest in all things, — honest to himself and to his fellow men. He was innately prompted to jus- tice, was fervent in his attachments, per- sex'ering in his intents, full of conscience, the approval of which he demanded for every action of his life, was fast in his friendships, loving and lovable, gentle and sympathetic, courageous without bravado and tender without weakness. He was strong in his convictions, but was not in- tolerant — his broad humanitarian spirit and Christian charity precluded this — and while he was always firm in defense of the right, there was no room in his heart for revenge. With him forgiveness was a car- dinal virtue, and compassion and pity dwelt with him as constant guests. All men were his brothers, and all sufferings were his own when they arose from affliction, misfortune or disaster. Loving God and trusting to ESSEX COUNTY. 443 the uttermost in the saving power of the "Man of Sorrows," there was no moment in his Hfe when he was not ready to attest the cause of the Master. For forty years he had been an elder of the Presbyterian church at Chatham, and as has been aptly said of him: "He was a man of high Christian principle, faithful in every depart- ment of church work, eminent in prayer and Bible study, widely respected and lo\-ed. He was humble and retiring in dis- position, yet clear in his convictions and genial in manners." In his political adherency Mr. More- house supported the Democratic party and its principles, and in all matters of public interest he was active and progressive, withholding his co-operation from no movement for the public good. For nearly a decade he sen-ed on the board of chosen freeholders of Essex county, and he was for many years a member of the township com- mittee. His widow and the two sons and one daughter survix'e to mourn the loss of one whose life was consecrated to them and their welfare. Standing in the full light of a life and character like this, we may well ask, "O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?" Such a life remains as a perpetual benediction to all who have touched it, and the compensation and the reconciliation can not be denied to those who, from human love, must mourn, while yet they cannot but rejoice in the final exal- tation of that faith which made faithful. ISRAEL SHELDON. son of Remington and Huldah (Greene) Sheldon, was born at Pautuxet. Rhode Island, March 22. 1797. From his boy- hood he seems to ha\-e had a fondness for stud}' and work, and applied himself with remarkaljle energy and diligence. The old academy at \\ oodstock, Connecticut, which he attended, was among the best in New England. He had for a classmate the father of General McClellan, and some of the leading men of the country point with pride to this as their alma mater. Young Sheldon swung loose from his moorings and started on an independent career, as- suming all the responsibilities of a fully developed manhood at an age when most boys are in the full enjoyment of child- hood's sports. At the age of fourteen he went a long distance from home, as it was considered at that time, and at Wilmington, North Carolina, obtained a clerkship with S. B. & A. B. Arnold, who were at that time largely engaged in a commission and export trade with the West Indies. After an experience of two years in the business, being then but seventeen years of age, he made a voyage to the Windward islands with a mixed cargo, he being supercargo and part owner of the vessel. He disposed of his cargo at a good profit, and came home with a good freight in return. For three years he traded between the \\'est In- dia islands and North Carolina. At the age of nineteen he went on a voyage to the Spanish main, with a vessel and cargo, sail- ing from St. Pierre, Alartinique. In at- tempting to reach Augustura his vessel was thrice captured by difTerent parties then at war, the second capture costing the li\-es of over two hundred men in the fight for the possession of the prize. YoungSheldon con- ducted himself with great coolness and brav- ery amid these perilous scenes, and there is little doubt that had he been in command of a war vessel instead of a merchantman. 444 ESSEX COUNTY. his antagonists would have suffered defeat. The vessel and cargo were finally seized by the naval force under General Bolivar and condemned. Mr. Sheldon and his crew were kept close prisoners for four montlis. Our government demanded an apology and payment for the loss sustained by the owners, and Commodore Perry successfully arranged the matter to the satisfaction of all parties concerned. There was a sad termi- nation of the affair, however, for Perry, while descending the Orinoco river, was seized with a deadly climatic fever and died after a short illness. On reaching his majority Mr. Sheldon established himself in business in North Carolina and carried on a successful trade for many years; was clerk of the court of Hyde county. In 1834 he started with his family and servants, journey- ing by wagon, to Alabama, which was then a sparsely settled country. There he made his home for many years as a merchant and planter, making annual trips to the north with his family, where he spent his summers, and at the same time purchased goods for his stores and planta- tion. He grew to love the people of the south, and was greatly respected in return, his business methods being in strong con- trast to those of the typical southerner. Mr. Sheldon remained in Alaliama until a short time previous to the civil war. Fore- seeing the impending conflict, he ' trans- ferred his interests to the north, and when the first gun was fired at Sumter, he was in Missouri on his way to New York. He was in sympathy with the south, but, like many southern men, he was opposed to se- cession, believing that all differences be- tween the north anfl south could be amic- ably arranged. In 1857, four years before the trouble began, Mr. Sheldon bought a plot of land on Prospect street, East Orange, and built for himself a pleasant summer residence, which was among the first of modern built houses in this locality. He im- pro\'ed his surroundings and made his home attractive: he also built a house for his daughter, and his eft'orts in this direction influenced other business men to settle here. After leaving the south Mr. Sheldon made East Orange his permanent home, and watched with the deepest interest its rapid growth and devel- opment. He was one of the founders of Grace Episcopal church, and assisted ma- terially in carrying on the work at a time when the burden was necessarily borne by a very few. He was a man of great force and integrity of character, and a patriot in every sense of the word. Mr. Sheldon died Sep- tember 25, 1884. He was several times married, and is represented by a number of descendants in the Oranges. JOSEPH KINGSLAND, of Nutley, was born at the ancestral home of the Kingsland family, in the year 18 13. His people were among the earliest prop- erty holders in New Jersey. The grand- father, Joseph Kingsland, Sr., was born in Bergen county. New Jersey, in 1738, and at the close of the Revolutionary war re- moved to New York city, where he secured the contract for curbing the streets, the material used for this purpose being wood. At a subsequent period he purchased the Essex county homestead now occupied by his granddaughters. He married Miss Mary Outwater, of Bergen county, and to them were born four sons and five daugh- ters. His death occurred in 182 1. eC?^^^^t-^2^ ^r-t^l^ ESSEX COUNTY. 445 The father of our subject, Joseph Kings- land, was born in New York city in the year 1792, and when four years old accompanied his parents on their removal to Essex county, where the remainder of his life was passed. He early engaged in milling enter- prises and conducted both grist and saw mills at an early day, while later, in 1812, he began the manufacture of paper in the old Madison mills. A few years later he erected the mills which still stand in Passaic, and conducted the new enterprise with success imtil his retirement from active Inisiness in 1856. He was married in 1812 to Miss Martha Ackerman. of Bergen county, and had two sons and three daughters. His death occurred in 1878. Of this family Margaret and Martha are living on the old family homestead which was located by their grandfather; Mrs. Nix, another sister, is a resident of Brooklyn, New York, and Richard, a brother, died in 1879. He mar- ried Miss Sarah Pegg, of New York city. Joseph Kingsland, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Essex county, and having attained his majority was married, October 12, 1850, to ^liss ^Margaret Stew- art, a daughter of Charles and Minerva (Chittendon) Stewart, of Delaware county. New York, the wedding being celebrated in Saugerties. Her father was of Scotch de- scent, and was the youngest son of James Stewart, who. on leaving his native land, was furnished with a passport which reads as follows: The bearer, James Stewart, Gentleman, and Margaret Eraser, his sponso, both na- tives of the United parishes of Aberfeldy and Kincardine, and counties of Inverness and Moray, are descended from honoralile parentage and always behaving themselves decently, honestly and inoffensively, main- taining exceptionally honest characters, so that there is nothing known there that may prevent their reception to any society or congregation A\here Providence may order their lot. Given by appointment of the Kirk ses- sion of said under parishes of Aberfeldy and Kincardine this fourteenth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five. Reass and signed by John Grant. Minister. David McDonald, Sess. C. M. The above is attested by John Grant of Ballamore, one of his ^Majesty's parties of the fue for the county of Moray & Inver- ness. John Grant, I. S. Captain Ludovich Grant, Edinburgh, at- tests the above Lare d Grant, I, James Stewart and Margaret Eraser, were married in seventeen hundred and seventy-four. Coming to America they acquired several hundred acres of land in Stamford, Dela- ware county, which yet remains in the pos- session of the Stewart family. They had several children, of whom Charles was the youngest. The family crest is a hand grasping a dagger. — Semper Paratus, (Al- ways prepared). ^Irs. Kingsland was born in New York city, March 18, 1833, attended the common schools and later was graduated in Gilbert College, of Hobart, Delaware county. She was the second in a family of seven children, the others being: Laban Clarkson. who married Miss Atwell. of Poughkeepsie. New York, and is still living, as are three of their six children: Elma A., a resident of Orange, New Jersey; Nathaniel, who died at the age of twenty years; Catherine, who married Arthur Hoffman and resides in Orange; Anna, wife of Charles Bates, of Brooklyn; and Eva, wife of George Ring, of New York, now a resident of Orange. The father of this family was a scholarly gen- tleman, well educated in the classics, and with a cultured literary taste, and was also 446 ESSEX COUNTY. very charitable and benevolent. His life embodied the Christian principles in which he so' firmly believed, and the Methodist church numbered him among its valued members. The children of our subject and his wife are as follows: Joseph, who is living in California; Charles, who resides at home; Martha, who married Mr. Carryl, of New York, and is now living at home; and Cath- erine, wife of Robert Brownlee, of Glasgow, Scotland. For several generations the Kingsland family has been represented in the ofifice of warden of the Episcopal church, of Belleville, New Jersey. The Kingslands have long, prominently and honorably been connected with the history of Essex county, and Joseph Kingsland, of this review, has worthily upheld the high reputation of the family. WILLIAM McCHESNEY. The ancestral history of the McChesney family is one of close connection with New Jersey from an early period. Its represen- tatives of the last century certainly should be mentioned among the "old settlers" even in this state, which is rich in its ancient American history and which occupies an exalted position in the constellation of states, as a result of the superior qualities of the founders of its domain. The pioneers of New Jersey were of the purest blood and brightest intellects of Europe. They were not of the "cast-offs" of effete monarchies nor outcasts of royal house- holds. They were lovers of the truth, and sacrificed their dearest ties that they nu'ght ])lant the seed of a new nation where that truth could be sought and loved for its own sake. Of Scotch-Irish blood the an- cestors of the McChesney family first set- tled in Monmouth county. New Jersey. The grandparents of our subject were Jo- seph and Sarah (Powell) McChesney, who reared four sons and three daughters who reached years of maturity. John, the eld- est, made his home in Philadelphia, and at his death left a family. Thomas, who learned a trade and afterward engaged in farming for a number of years, finally lo- cated in Brooklyn, where his death oc- curred; he married and had one daughter, who married and resided in Brooklyn. Jo- seph always spent his life in his native town, and at his death left two sons. William was the next of the family. Elizabeth became the wife of Hezekiah Everett and resided on the old homestead. They had one son, Joseph. Jane became the wife of Thomas Page, of Cranbury, and they had three chil- dren, — Edward, Joseph and Catherine. Isabella A. became the wife of John R. Holmes and had one son, John Calvin, who is now living with his mother in Cranbury. The grandparents of our subject reached a ripe old age the grandfather dying at the age of eighty-two, the grandmother when about seventy-six years of age. William McChesney, Sr., father of the well known chief of police of Orange, was born in Middlesex county, acquired his education in the district schools and learned the wheelwright's trade. He be- came a coach manufacturer and wagon builder at Cranbury, then a station on the stage line between Philadelphia and New York, and at one time an Indian missionary station. For many years he followed that business but in the latter years of his active life engaged in railroad construction, build- ing a section of the Camden & Amboy Railroad, from Heightstown to Jamesburg. ESSEX COUNTY 447 On the completion of tine road he entered the employ of the company, with which he continued until his death. He was born in ]8o6 and died about 1854. while his wife. who was born in 1804. lived to l)e about seventy-six years of age. In early life they held membership in the First Presbyterian church of Cranbury, and afterward placed their membership in the Second Presby- terian church of which the grandfather. Jo- seph AlcChesney. had been an officer for a number of years. Mrs. McChesney bore the maiden name of Sarah Disbrow and was a daughter of Samuel Disbrow. who was of English descent, the family having been founded in Middlesex county prior to the war of the Revolution. Mr. and Mrs. McChesney became the parents of five children : Elizabeth M. died in early childhood; Samuel Disbrow mar- ried Caroline V. Allen and resides in Brook- lyn. New York; Charles H., who is now chief of police of Trenton. New Jersey, mar- ried and his wife died, leaving two children. Frank and Ella; Elizabeth is the wife of Robert C. Hill, of Paterson. New Jersey: Ansie Disbnow is the wife of Benjamin Dyer, of Melrose Highlands. Massachu- setts, and they have one daughter. Wini- fred. William McChesney, the efficient and popular chief of police of Orange, was born in the ancient village of Cranbury. Middle- sex county. New Jersey, August 4, 1833, and in his native town acquired his prelim- inarv education. He pursued his more ad- vanced studies in an academy there, and at the age of seventeen began to learn the car- penter's trade, in New York city. He fol- lowed that vocation as a journeyman for a short time in Orange, but when the civil war came on, he put aside the pursuits of peace to respond to his country's call for aid. en- listing on the 31st of January. 1862, in the Second District of Columbia Volunteers, of the Second Di\-ision, Second Brigade. Fifth Army Corps. He participated in a number of important engagements, including the hard-fought battle of Antietam and the second battle of Bull Run, and in Washing- ton, D. C, September 25, 1865, he was honorably discharged. Returning home Mr. McChesney then entered the confectionery and catering business, which he followed for a number of years in East Orange, doing a very large and profitable Inisiness. His trade steadily and rapidly increased and he thereby ac- cumulated a comfortable competence. On the 5th of A])ril. 1881. however, he aban- doned commercial jnu^suits to enter the ser- vice of the city, having been appointed chief of police of Orange, in which capacity he has since served uninterruptedlv. No more trustworthy official has ever filled the office. Such a position demands a man with sound judgment, coolness in times of excitement, unquestioned loyalty and unflinching brav- ery, — all of which are possessed by Mr. Mc- Chesney, and his official service is one which reflects credit and honor alike upon the city and himself. On the 1st of January, 1859, Mr. Mc- Chesney was united in marriage to Miss Charlotte Perry, a daughter of Matthias aufl Mary Perry, and to them were born four children, as follows: Edith died at the age of fourteen months; Samuel D.. a graduate of the Orange hi.gh school and now engaged in business in New York city, married Rebecca Kerr, and they now have three children : Elsie Estelle. a graduate of the Orange high school and for three years a teacher in that institution, is now the wife 448 ESSEX COUNTY. of David W. Ball; William F., a graduate of the high school of Orange, completes the family. Mr. McChesney gives his political sup- ■port to the Republican party and is deeply interested in its success and growth. He is well informed on the issues of the day and on all subjects of general interest. Socially he is a valued member of Union lodge No. II, F. & A. M., of Orange, and is one of the charter members of Uzal Dodd Post, G. A. R., of which he is past commander and now chaplain. He belongs to the Baptist church and his wife holds membership in the Brick Presbyterian church, of East Orange. RICHARD WAYNE PARKER. In the last half of the present century the lawyer has been a pre-eminent factor in all affairs of private concern and national importance. The man versed in the laws of the country, as distinguished from busi- ness men or professional politicians, has been a recognized power. He has been de- pended upon to conserve the best and per- manent interests of the whole people, and without him and the approval of his practical judgment the eftort of the states- man and the industry of the business man and mechanic would have proved futile. The reason is not far to seek. The pro- fessional lawyer is never the creature of circumstance. The profession is open to talent, and eminence or success cannot be obtained except by indomitable energy, perseverance, patience and strong men- tality. That these qualities are possessed by IMr. Parker is e\ideut to all who know him. He has won distinctive preferment l)Oth at the bar and in the council chambers of the nation, and has left the impress of his individuality both upon the judicial and legislative departments of our government. Mr. Parker was born in Alorristown, New Jersey, on the 6th of August, 1848, and is a son of Cortlandt and Elizabeth \\'olcott Parker, the latter a daughter of Richard W. Stites, of Alorristown. At an early age he came with his parents to Newark, where he acquired his preliminary education in the public schools. Later he pursued a course in Phillips Academy, of Andover, Massa- chusetts, and after his graduation from that institution, in 1864, he entered Princeton College, where he was graduated with the class of 1867. With a broad general knowl- edge on which to rear the superstructure of professional le-arning, he took up the study of law. He pursued his legal stutlies in the office of the well known firm of Par- ker & Keasbey, and in 1869 was graduated in the Columbia College of Law. In 1870 he was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney, and in June, 1873, as counselor at law. From the l)eginning he has en- jo_\-ed a large clientage, and while engaging in general practice, the litigation with which he has been connected has usually been of a xevy imix>rtant character. From the begin- ning of his career as a legal practitioner his efforts have been attended with success. He has mastered the science of jurispru- dence, and his deep research and thorough preparation of every case committed to his care enables him to meet at once any con- tingencv that may arise. His cause is fenced about with unanswerable logic, and his ar- guments are strong, clear and decided, and follow each other in natural sequence, form- ing a chain of reasoning that his opponent finds very difficult to overthrow. His de- Hverv is graceful and his eloquence is often ESSEX COUNTY. 449 comincing. — not the adornment of words or flowery phrases, which often ohscnre the thought, but the eloquence born of the oc- casion and inspired by a sense of true justice and regard for human rights and Hlaerties. Mr. Parker is a close student of the politi- cal questions of the day. and his opinions, Ijased on mature reflection and sound judg- ment, are in harmony with the principles of the Republican party. In 1884 he was elected to the state legislature, and again in 1885. He was an active working memlier of tlie general assembly and gained special prominence in his connection with the Staten Island bridge scheme and the im- peachment of John H. Laverty. His labors were herculean in organizing and conduct- ing the opposition to the gerrymander, the result being that the supreme court de- cided that assemblymen must be elected on the general ticket. In the senate contest of 1894 Mr. Parker, acting with Joseph Coult, gave the matter his com]ilete per- sonal attention, attended all the examin- ations, took testimony and filed the brief. Success crowned his efforts, and the great victoiy won will go down in the annals of historA- as one of the splendid achievements of this able member of the New Jersey bar. In 1892 Mr. Parker was nominated for congress but met tlefeat in the general land- slide of that year. In 1894 he was again a candidate, and once more in 1896, and in those two years was triumphantly elected. His comprehensive knowledge of constitu- tional law and his deqD study of jiolitical problems have made him a valued member of congress, and in the discussion of numer- ous important measures he has commanded the close attention of the house by the able and eloquent manner in which he has dis- cussed the situation and showed forth the consequences which would result from the adoption of such measures. Believing firmly in the money system advocated by his party, when the house was considering the bill to maintain and protect the coin- redemption fund, and to authorize the issue of certificates of indebtedness to meet tem- porary deficiencies of revenue, Mr. Parker tought to quell the debate that threatened to result in complication irrelevant to the question. He said that "the remedy is proposed by the bill and we must grant it. Amendments would only confuse the direct, the simple, the earnest, the imme- diate purpose of this bill — patriotic as well as simple — to give relief to the government and the people of the United States." Mr. Parker was greeted with great applause, and it was largely due to his efforts that the bill was passed. On another occasion he spoke on the money question as follows: "Mr. Chairman: There is more before this house than the mere silver question. The house of representatives of the United States proposed to the senate that the in- terest on government bonds be reduced. It was a distinct proposition asking a reply. The senate gave us no reply, but asked us in return that we agree that every man who had fifty cents' worth of silver the world over may be allowed to mark it a dol- lar and pay it out as such. I believe both as to gold and silver with that most prac- tical of men, even if he were a poet: "The rank is but the guinea's stamp. The gold's the gold for all that.' " On the Cuban question Mr. Parker dis- tinguished himself on the 3d of Alarch, 1 896. when in a lengthy speech hesui^ported the resolution to accord belligerent rights, saying: "The accord of belligerent rights ii— 29 450 ESSEX COUNTY. is an act. It is necessary for fairness when war is really being carried on. If any party really carrying on war is to be blockaded, or rather embargoed by every civilized na- tion, its condition is wretched indeed. It is not neutrality, but taking sides, to refuse to give each of two belligerents the rights of war and peace." IMr. Parker was also par- ticularly active on all matters pertaining to military affairs. He introduced house resolution 4575, to amend chapter 67, vol- ume 23 of the Statutes at Large of the United States, and was a prominent figure in the debate concerning the army appro- priation bill. His congressional career has been most commendable and his public life is above reproach. On the 2d of January, 1884, Mr. Parker was married, in Savannah, Georgia, to Miss Eleanor K. Gordon, a daughter of William W. and Eleanor L. (Kinzie) Gordon, of that city. The charming hospitality of the Par- ker home is enjoyed by many friends, for our subject and his wife have a wide circle of acquaintances in Newark. My. Parker is a man of scholarly attainments, broad cul- ture and cordial manner, and his deport- ment ever bespeaks the true gentleman. In his political career self-aggrandizement has had no place, while devotion to duty and loyalty to his countrj' have marked his every public act. JAMES DODGE. America has led the world in inventions, and has thereby compelled a tribute of ad- miration from all nations. The labors of many men of genius in this country have entirely revolutionized trade and brought about an activity in commercial circles that has not only contributed largely to the prosperity of our own country but has also been the means of adding to the wealth of all nations. Among those whose marked ability has brought about this desirable re- sult is James Dodge, of Newark, who has gained distinctive preferment by reason of his inventive and mechanical genius. Mr. Dodge was bom in Saratoga county, New York, October 3, 1830, and is a son of James and Sarah H. (Carey) Dodge. His mother was a daughter of a Joseph and Elizabeth (Vincent) Carey, both of whom were of English descent, their ancestors having located along the banks of the beau- tiful Hudson river prior to the war of the Revolution. The paternal grandparents of our suliject were Henry and Mary (Doty) Dodge. The former was a representative of a prominent old Ncav England family, and in colonial days his ancestors also lo- cated in the Hudson valley. He engaged in agricultural pursuits as a life work, and when the colonies went forth to battle for independence he joined the army and aided in the successful attempt to throw off the yoke of British tyranny and establish the American republic. He lived to be three- score and ten years of age. He had a family of four sons who attained to man's estate, including James Dodge, father of our subject, who was educated in the com- mon schools, and followed farming as a life work. His death occurred in April, 185 1, and his wife passed away in 1876. They were the parents of six sons and four daugh- ters, as follows: Stephen, who died at the age of eighty years, married and had a fam- ilv of two sons and five daughters; Joseph died at the age of twenty-one years; Henry, who resides in Rochester, Minnesota, is married and has three sons and three daughters; James, of this review, is the fourth of the family; Levi, who married and CO^yvy^ ESSEX COUNTY. 451 has a family of two sons and one daughter, resides in Delphi, Indiana; Joseph, of New- ark, is married and has one son; Phoebe died in early childhood; Ann is the wife of Stephen Lewis and has two sons and two daughters; Hannah is now Mrs. Ten Eyck and has three sons and three daughters; and Sarah F. is the wife of Andrew Robert- son, of Newark, and has two sons. James Dodge, whose name introduces this review, acquired his early education in the schools near his home, and in early life manifested a special aptitude in the use of tools and displaying much mechanical in- genuity. His evident ability in this direc- tion and his decided taste for mechanical pursuits led him to enter upon an appren- ticeship to learn the trade of machinist and edged-tool maker when sixteen years of age. Rapidly did he master the tasks set him, and, becoming thoroughly familiar with the principles of mechanics, he was soon enabled to engage in business on his own account, which he did in Waterford, New York, meeting with excellent success in his undertakings. His fertile brain evolved many plans for perfecting machin- ery and bringing forth new inventions, and soon he gave his entire attention to such work, his labors being all in the line of use- ful machinery. His first endeavor in this direction was the invention of the patent process of grinding saws and polishing ma- chinery, which has since come into general use in America and Europe. In 1861 Mr. Dodge went to England with a view of in- troducing his invention into the large manufacturing establishments of that coun- try, and also another invention for grinding and cutting files. In this undertaking he met with immediate encouragement and soon returned to America, having secured contracts for supplying some of the large establishments of England with these in- ventions. He manufactured the same in America, and shipped them for trial to Eng- land, where they gave such complete satis- faction that he arranged for and erected a plant for the manufacture of his machinery in Manchester, England, and from that point introduced them into the other im- portant industrial centers of the Old World. Mr. Dodge is one of the few men who have been awarded gold medals by the So- ciety for the Promotion of Scientific In- dustry, in England. He also became a member of the Society of Mechanical En- gineers, of Great Britain. Upon his return to America he again turned his attention to the manufacture of machinery of his own special design and invention, including the construction of machines used in the manu- facture of saws and edged tools, files, etc. He subsequently turned his attention to the manufacture of crucible steel, and in that as in all his other undertakings he met with a high degree of success. In 1890 he par- tially retired from active business life and now spends much of his time on his estate among the orange groves of Elorida. Mr. Dodge was married December 24, 1850, to Miss Cynthia H. Buell, a daughter of Hiram and Asacinith (Kelsey) Buell. She is descended from French ancestors, who on coming to America located in Washington county. New York. Mr. and Mrs. Dodge became the parents of a daugh- ter, Cynthia Josephine, who was born Janu- ary 8, 1857, and married William W. Lyons. Mrs. Dodge was called to her final rest, April 30, 1896, at the age of sixty-five years. Her father, Hiram Buell, is still liv- ing and has reached the very venerable age of ninety-five. 452 ESSEX COUNTY. The life of Mr. Dodge has been one of eminent success, not alone because he has accumulated a handsome fortune, but be- cause he has persevered in the pursuit of a persistent purpose until honorable accom- plishment has crowned his efforts. Unlike so many inventors, he possesses excellent executive ability, as well as wonderful me- chanical genius, is discriminating, sagacious and energetic, and as the result of his splen- didly directed efforts he has attained to a position of prominence in industrial and financial circles. Man's worth to the world and his claim to fame are determined by what he has done for his fellow men, and in this regard Mr. Dodge is certainly deserv- ing of very honorable mention, for his labor- saving inventions have been of incalculable benefit in the industrial arts, and the influ- ence of his work is therefore far-reaching. He has justly earned the rest which he is now enjoying, and among his many friends he is a courteous, genial gentleman, who wears his honors with becoming modesty and who is ever ready to acknowledge and appreciate true worth in others. GEORCiE SPOTTISWOODE is the only rei)resentative of this family who can claim the honor of being classed among the builders of the Oranges. His record as a builder covers a wider range and extends over a longer period than most of those now living within the present boundaries of the city of Orange, and while it may be said of him that he has fulfilled the injunction of the famous Bard of Avon, "Put money in thy pur.se," he has certainly heli)ed hun- dreds of others to do the same thing, and the well paved streets and other improve- ments bear witness to his enterprise and ])ublic spirit. The name of Spottiswoode orSpottswood is a familiar one both in this country and in Europe. Spottswood Court House, in Virginia, and Spottswood, New Jersey, are both named in honor of worthy representatives of this family. Of its origin, Burke, in his "Landed Gentry," says: "The surname of Spottiswoode was assumed by the proprietors of the lands and barony of Spottiswoode, in the parish of Gordon, county Berwick, as soon as sur- names became hereditar}- in Scotland. They are frequentlv mentioned in dona- tions to the monasteries of !\Ielross and Kelso, upwards of five centuries ago. The inmiediate ancestor of the family was Rob- ert de Spottiswood, Lord of Spottiswood, who was born in the reign of King Alex- ander HL and died in that of Robert Bruce. The family adhered to the fortunes of Kings James H, HI and IV; and William Spottiswood, a descendant of Robert, fell at the battle of Flodden, in 1513. with King James IV." John Spottiswood, archbishop of St. .An- drews and lord high chancellor of Scotland, inherited the barony of Spottiswood in 1620. A brother of his was given the bish- opric of Cloghee, in Ireland, and from him the Irish Ijranch of the family is descended. Robert Spottiswood, a direct descendant of Robert de Spottiswood, lord of Spottis- wood, was appointed governor of \'irginia in 1 7 10. In the county of Tipperary, Ireland, where George Spottiswoode was born, the 2d of November. 1832, the hatting industry was carried on by several families the same as it was many years ago in Orange, and the father of George was a skilled workman in this line. The young man acquired some knowledge of the business from con- stant association with his father and broth- ESSEX COUNTY. 453 ers. He was sent to an excellent school in the parish, where he made good use of his opportunities. Thus equipped he left his home at the beginning of the '50s to make his fortune in .\merica. He arrived in Orange in 185 1 and soon after became an apprentice in Stetson's hat factory. He continued to work at his trade until the breaking out of the war, when he opened a small place for the sale of newspapers and periodicals. Prompt, honest, energetic and always reliable, he made many friends among his patrons and laid the foundation for his subsequent success. Always on the alert, he was quick to grasp any new oppor- tunities for improving his prospects. In 1866 the Morris & Essex Railroad Com- pany established direct connection with the coal fields and were enabled to deli\'er coal at their own depot in Orange. Mr. Spot- tiswoode had accumulated sufficient capital to make a beginning. He started in the coal business in a moderate way and did a good business from the start. His trade continued to increase from year to year. He handled both the Lehigh and Scranton coal until 1876, when the Delaware. Lacka- wanna & Western Railroad refused to sup- ply him with the Scranton and raised the rates on the Lehigh coal so that he was compelled to seek other sources of supply. He then made arrangements with the Wat- chung branch of the Erie Railroad Com- pany to deliver him the Lehigh coal. He bought a piece of property on the corner of \\'ashington and Day streets, near the ter- minus of that road, and erected a large and commodious building. During the first four months he received from the Erie Rail- road Company, by this road, some four thousand tons, and his receipts from the same source amounted the next vear to ten thousand tons. The amount of freight paid this company was an important item and helped it through a serious crisis. The Delaware, Lackawanna & \\'estern Com- pany soon found it to their interest to re- sume their former relations with Mr. Spot- tiswoode and place him on an equal footing with others, and since then he has kept both yards running. Mr. Spottiswoode continued business in his own name until 188 1, when he took his cousin, Thomas M. Cusack, into partner- ship with him anil the firm name was changed to Spottiswoode & Company. The lumber business was added to it in the spring of 1887, which has since constantly increased. About 1872 Mr. Spottiswoode, in connection with Daniel Brennan, Jr., or- ganized the Telford Pavement Company, with the latter as president and himself as secretary and treasurer. With the same push and energy which have characterized all his other operations Mr. Spottiswoode began laying this pavement in the Oranges and soon after extended his operations to other points. He opened quarries and erected stone crushers and other machinery in Passaic county at the Great Notch, on the canal at .\cquackanock, at South Or- ange and at Plainfield. He had frequently in his employ as high as five hundred men and his semi-monthly pay roll amounted to $10,000. Between fifty and one hundred miles of road was laid in these different places, and this impro\ement alone has doubtless added more to the wealth and prosperity of the Oranges than any enter- prise ever before or since attempted. The company wound up its affairs in 1876 and the entire plant reverted to Mr. Spottis- woode, who subsequently sold out the other places, retaining only the propertv at 454 ESSEX COUNTY. West Orange, and the business in this local- ity is still conducted by Mr. Spottiswoode on a paying basis. The entire business un- der the management of Mr. Spottiswoode will probably exceed a quarter of a million dollars annually. The benefit which others have derived from his operations can hardly be estimated. With all his business cares and responsi- bilities, Mr. Spottiswoode has found time to devote to the public interests of his adopted city. He has been a public officer for more than thirty years, beginning as collecter of taxes for the third ward. Before the board of education was organized he served for some years as a trustee of the Girard school district and worked incessantly and persist- ently for better school facilities and the means for higher education for the masses. Under the new regime as a member of the board of education, he advocated liberal ap- propriations and was always in touch with the most progressive of his associates. He was a member of the common council when the very best men, without regard to party affiliations, were selected. He ser^'ed un- der the administrations of Mayors Ensign, Ferry and Austin. He was one of the early advocates and hardest workers in behalf of an improved water supply and sewerage system for the city, and when the general plans were finally adopted he was made a member of the citizens' committee and de- voted much time to carry forward these im- portant projects. With no ambition for the honors attached to public office, Mr. Spottiswoode has never hesitated to accept a position where he could advance the in- terests of the whole community, and this has often been done at great personal sacri- fice. He helped to organize the Half-Dime Savings Bank and is now its vice-president. He has long been a director of the Orange Bank. He has always taken a deep inter- est in Union Lodge, F. & A. M., where he was first inducted into the mysteries of speculative Masonry, and has been treas- urer of the corporate board of this lodge since 1868. He was one of the principal mox'ers of the enterprise for the erection of the Masonic building. His religious con- nections have been and are still with the Orange Valley Congregational church. Mr. Spottiswoode's success in life is due to his early habits of economy, his untiring industry, his high sense of honor, and his strict regard for the rights of others. Blessed with a strong, robust constitution and a supply of vital energy which age has not impaired, he is still able to attend to all the details of his extensive business and to discharge all other duties which are daily pressed upon him. Mr. Spottiswoode married Elizabeth Jones, daughter of Phineas and Sally ( Pier- son) Jones, a descendant of one of the old families of Hanover, New Jersey. His first wife died in 1875, and in 1882 he married Sarah J., her sister. Their mother, Sally Pierson. was a daughter of Joseph Pierson, a direct descendant of Thomas Pierson, Sr., brother of Rev. Abraham, and one of the original settlers of Newark. Mr. Spottis- woode's children were all by his first wife. Out of eight, only three are living. These are Sara C. a successful homeopathic phy- sician in Orange, Emma Elizabeth, and George, the youngest, who is associated with him in I)usiness. AARON CARTER was among the first of the new comers wlio settled in that part of Orange known as Tremont avenue. His ancestor was one ESSEX COUNTY. 455 of the founders of Elizabetli contemporane- ous with tlie settlement of Newark. Tlic coat of arms of the Englisli lirancli of the family indicates the origin of the name. They l)ore Arms — Argent a chevron be- tween three cartwheels vert. Crest — On a mount vert, a greyhound sejant argent sus- taining a shield of the last charged with a cartwheel vert. Nicholas Carter, the ancestor of the New Jersey branch of the family, settled in Stam- ford, Connecticut, before 1^)52. He re- moved that year to Newtown, Long Island, anfl was among the purchasers of that place from the natives April 12, 1656. His allot- ment there was twentv acres. He is re- peatedly mentioned in the Newtown Rec- ords among the leading men of the town until 1665, when he removed to Elizabeth- town, where he was among the most promi- nent of the associates. He acquired large tracts of land and was evidently a man of considerable means. His "Home Lott" of twenty acres of upland at Watson's Point, adjacent to Edward Case, he sold, in 1675, to Bingham Wade for £30, payable in pipe staves. He sold most of his lands May 18, 1 68 1, to Samuel Wilson, and died shortly after. Samuel, who was probably his eld- est son. was one of the Elizabethtown .\sso- ciates. Nicholas, born in 1C158. was no doubt the youngest. Elizabeth, the daugh- ter of Nicholas, Sr.. married John Ratcliff, August 6, 1681. Not one of the name ap- pears on the headstones in the Elizabeth- town cemetery. Either Nicholas or Samuel are su])i)osed to have removed to Morris county, as the Carters are mentioned among the early settlers of the township of Whippanong. constituted in 1700. The church at Bottle Hill, now Madison, was organized in 17^9 and the records state that Luke Carter, son of Benjamin Carter, de- clared that if the congregation would not complete the meeting-house he would. Captain Benjamin Carter and Jeremiah Carter, of the township of Chatham, were both jirominent in the war of the Revolu- tion. Six other Carters ser\ed in the war from Morris county, among these being Aaron, the grandfather of the jjresent Aaron Carter, Jr. .Varon Carter, who livetl at Union Hill. Morris county, was born al)OUt 1750 and was probably a grandson of Benjamin, the . first of the name mentioned in connection with Morris county. He married Eliza- beth Davis, daughter of Caleb Davis (who married Ruth, daughter of Joseph Bruen), son of Caleb, of Jonathan, of Thomas, bom 1660. son of Stephen Davis, who was of Hartford, 1646. freeman of Connecticut, 1648, had for second wife widow of John Ward. Jr. The children of Aaron and Elizabeth (Davis) Carter were Lewis, Ca- leb, Hannah, Sarah, Man- or Polly, married Samuel Condit. who kei)t a hotel in Chat- ham. Caleb Carter, second child of .Aaron and Elizabeth (Davis) Carter, was born at Union Hill, Morris county, in 1782. He went to Newark about 1800 and learned the business of carriage-jjainting. and was one of the pioneers in the carriage manufactur- ing business. He did an e.xtensive trade w ith the south. On the muster roll of Cap- tain Baldwin's company in 1802 appears the name of Caleb Carter. Mr. Carter was identified with the Whig party and was somewhat of a politician. He was ap- pointed a magistrate of Newark by Gover- nor W. S. Pennington. Mr. Carter mar- ried Phoebe Johnson, daughter of Jotham Johnson, son of Da\'id (who married 456 ESSEX COUNTY. Eunice Crane, great-granddaughter of Robert Treat, the first governor of Connec- ticut under the charter; was governor for thirty years), son of Nathaniel (married Sarah Ogden), son of Ehphalet, Esq.. born 1658, son of Thomas Johnson, one of the committee of eleven who represented the towns of Milford, Guilford and Branford in arranging for the settlement of "our Town upon Passaick River, in the Pro\-ince of New Jersey." Thomas Johnson was one of the signers of the Fundamental Agree- ment. Tlie Town Records of Newark state that "the Town agreed that Mr. Thomas Johnson shall have Eight shillings for his Son's beating the drum this Year and Repairing the remainder of the Year." The town "Agreed with him and Thomas Lud- dington to raise the Meeting-house for five Pounds." Thomas Johnson was the son of Robert, who came to New Haven from Hull, England. The children of Calel) and Phoebe (Johnson) Carter were Eliza- beth, Harriet, Mary, James, Horace, Aaron, Catharine, Almira, Anna, Phoebe. Aaron Carter, sixth child and youngest son of Caleb and Phoebe (Johnson) Carter, was born in Newark. January 17, 1817. He attended one of the best schools in the state — Fairchild's boarding school, at Mendham, the board and tuition being at that time one hundred dollars a year. He returned home and entered the service of Taylor & Baldwin, manufacturing jewelers, of whom it was said they were "entitled to the credit of first wiiming extended fame for Newark handiwork in the jewelry lousi- ness. Mr. Carter, in his connection with the several succeeding firms, fidly main- tained the reputation established by his old employers. Three years after attaining his majority Mr. Carter formed a copartnership with a nephew of Governor W. S. Penning- ton and a Mr. Doremus under the firm name of Pennington, Carter & Doremus; later it became Carter & Doremus, and after the withdrawal of Mr. Doremus, Mr. Car- ter carried on the business alone for some years under the name of Aaron Carter, Jr. It was during this period that he met with his greatest success, and established the reputation that has made this the leading house in the jewelry trade. Other changes in the firm were made, but Mr. Carter was the leading spirit and continued through the several changes as senior member. Mr. Carter is probably the oldest representative of the jewelry industry in Newark, which began nearly a century ago, his own em- ployer, Taylor, being second in the line of succession from E])aphras Hinsdale, who founded the business in 1801. There are few industries which have contributed more to the commercial prosperity of Newark than this, and not one of all the old-time manufacturers has preserved a cleaner rec- ord for honor, uiirightness and business probity than ]\lr. Carter, a name unsullied by a single act which could ever refiect ad- versely on him or his associates. Through the various financial reverses of half a cen- tury Mr. Carter has maintained the credit of his firm, and never failed to meet his busi- ness obligations. He has educated others up to the high standard of business honor which has always characterized his firm in their dealings. Mr. Carter's inlluence has been e(|ua11y felt in the religious interests of his nati\e city as well as elsewhere. He was orig- inally a member of the old First Presby- terian church, of Newark, and helped to or- ganize the South Park church, of which he was one of its first elders, continuing in ESSEX COUNTY. 457 office until 1856. After his second mar- riage, that year, he moved to Xew York city, imited with and became an elder in Dr. Adams' church, which was the leading Presbyterian church in New York city. In 1864 he came to Orange and ])nrchased his present residence of eight acres, including the homestead. He enlarged and modern- ized the house and made many improve- ments both within and without. The house is Gothic in style and stands in the center of the large plot which is entirely enclosed by an evergreen hedge. There are suffi- cient trees to afiford ample shade without in any way obscuring the sunlight. It pos- sesses all the requirements of a beautiful country seat, and there is an air of restful- ness and comfort in the surroundings that is in striking contrast to some of the more modern places. EVERETT FRAZAR, son of George and Ann (Little) Frazar. was born at Duxbury. Massachusetts, October 4, 1834. After a thorough preliminary course of study he completed his education at the Chauncey Hall School, of Boston, graduating in 185 1. He began his mer- cantile career with the house of Enoch Train & Company, of Boston, proprietors of the Boston and Liverpool line of pack- ets. In 1858 he went to Shanghai, China, and established the firm of Frazar & Com- pany, with branches at Nagasaki, Japan, in i860, and at Hong Kong, in 1875. The members of the firm consisted of Mr. Fra- zar, Mr. John Lindsley and Mr. W. Shep- ard W'etmore. The firm has done an im- mense business for many }ears with China. Japan and other countries, and is well known in nearly every part of the world. They were ajjpcjintcd agents for the Boston Board of Marine I'nderwriters, the .\tlantic Marine Insurance Company, and the Na- tional Board of Marine Underwriters. As the representatives of American firms they have introduced a number of important in- dustries and of late years have been actively engaged in the introduction of electric lighting into China and japan. In 1886 Mr. Frazar negotiated with the Canadian Pacific Railway for the opening of the new Pacific route with China and Japan under the management of his firm, which project aided materially in the development of the oriental trade with Canada and the United States, via Vancouver, British Columbia. On his last trip to Japan and China, in 1883, he had as a fellow passenger General Lu- cius H. Foote. the first appointed United States minister to Korea, and through his recommendation, seconded by the warm approval of His Excellency Prince Min Tong. I. K.. who became, five years later, Korean ambassador to the United States, Mr. Frazar was ap])ointed consul-general for Korea in the United States, the exequa- tur being issued by President Arthur, April 3, 1884. In September. 1888, Mr. Frazar received from His Majesty s])ecial marks of appreciation and recognition for services rendered to Korea, accompanied by gold and jade decorations and conveying by spe- cial decree the honorary title of Ka Sun Tai Poo, or Korean nobleman of the second rank. On the 13th and 17th of January, 1888, His Excellency Pakchung-yang, the new Korean minister, and suite were pre- sented to Secretary Bayard and President Cleveland by Mr. Frazar and the foreign secretary. Dr. H. N. Allen. Since 1872 Mr. Frazar has been the resident j)artner in New York of Frazar & Company. He es- 458 ESSEX COUNTY. tablished his residence in Orange in 1878 and since that time has been actively en- gaged in promoting the social and intel- lectual development of the Oranges. It was largely through his efforts that Music ■ Hall, which has added so mucli to the pleas- ure of the citizens of Orange and vicinity, became an accomplished fact. He was chairman of the construction and finance committees, and soon after the completion of the building was elected president of Music Hall Association. The New Eng- land Society, of which Mr. Frazar is one of the most active members, has a fine suite of rooms in the building. Mr. Frazar was elected president of the society in 1880 and again in 1881. By special request of the society Mr. Frazar prepared and read a comprehensive and exhaustive paper in Music Hall to a large and appreciative au- dience, on November 15, 1883, on "fvorea and her relations to China, Japan and the United States." This was subsequently published and widely circulated. The historical and geographical section of the New England Society was formed in 1880, holding nine monthly meetings in each year. Mr. Frazar was president of this section for five years, and during this time fifty lectures, papers or essays on vari- ous topics were read or delivered before the members, receiving the most lieartv ap- preciation and aiding materially in the in- tellectual development of the community. In 1890 Mr. Frazar, with other New Jer- sey and New York gentlemen, established the New Jersey Postal Telegraph Com- pany, with a capital of fifty thousand dol- lars, having of^ces in Newark, Orange, Long Branch, Asbury Park and various other places in New Jersey, communicating with every part of the United States and Canada, as well as foreign countries, in con- nection with the Postal Telegraph Cable Company. Mr. Frazar was president of the New Jersey Postal Telegraph Company from its formation until June, 1894, when l)y mutual agreement it was transferred and absorbed into the Postal Telegraph Cable Company. Mr. Frazar has held many offices of trust and honor in his adopted city. He is a member of the First Presliyterian church and president of its board of trustees. He is president of the Music Hall Association, chairman of the Public Welfare Commit- tee, councillor of the New England Society, of Orange, senior director of the Harvey Steel Company, of Newark, manufacturers of the Harveyized-steel armor plates for the United States and foreign governments. Mr. Frazar married, in 1866, Annie H., daughter of Joseph C. Lindsley, born 1813, son of Benjamin and Mary Camp, son of Joseph and Abby Foster (Gjbbs) Lindsley, born in Boston, resided in Dorchester, Massachusetts. The children of Everett and Annie H. (Lindsle}) I^'razar, are Ever- ett W'.. Mabel Lindsley and Abby Little. AMOS H. VAN HORN. To say of him whose name begins this rec- ord that he has risen unaided from compara- tive obscurity to rank among the merchant princes of the world, is a statement that seems trite to those familiar with his life, yet it is but just to say in a history that will descend to future generations that his busi- ness record has been one that any man would be proud to possess. Beginning at the very bottom round of the ladder, he has advanced steadily, step by step, until he is now occupying a position of prominence CJf'U^^(/u /yu^2-c^ //^r>^>- port. He was beloved alike by the pastor and people and never forgot the stranger, who received a hearty welcome at his hands. He was always found in his place, both on the Sabbath and week-day services, and en- deavored faithfully to "redeem the time." He was one of those rare spirits that would never forsake his seat in his own church to attend a service elsewhere; others following his example, gave strength and encourage- ment to the heart of their pastor. Mr. Stone's benefactions were not con- fined to his own church nor to the com- munity where he resided. Among the in- stitutions of learning in which he became interested was that of Princeton Theolog- ical Seminary. He established for that in- stitution a lecture course which, by consent rather than by direction of the founder, bears his name- — "the L. P. Stone lacture- ship." He was a member of the board of trustees and always manifested the most lively interest in the welfare of the seminary. He was held in high esteem bv the profes- sors in that institution and exercised an im- portant influence in its management. Pub- lic-spirited and liberal as a citizen, his hand was ever open for the furtherance of any enterprise that iiromised good to his neigh- bors, and it was said of him that not a char- itable institution in the whole region of the Oranges or a struggling church or mission that did not profit by his beneficence. Mr. Stone was married in Sudbury, Massachu- setts, June 13, 1854, to Caroline Elizabeth, daughter of Roland and Martha Cutler. The former was a descendant of Thomas Cutler, born at Cambridge Farms. Massa- chusetts, June 19, 1678, died at Sudbury, Massachusetts, March 26, 171 8; grandson 470 ESSEX COUNTY. of James Cutler, Ijorn in England, 1606, one of the original settlers of Watertown, Massachusetts, 1634. The children of this marriage were: Mary Elizabeth, married Benjamin Douglass, Jr., of Orange; Au- gusta, married Dr. Fred Webster Wdiitte- more, a descendant of Thomas Whitte- more, one of the earliest settlers of Charles- town, Massachusetts. HENRY FOLSOM, third child of Hon. John and Mehitabel (Meh'in) Folsom, was l)orn in Derrv', New Ham]ishire, October 2j, 1829. He re- ceived a good academic education and was for some years clerk in a mercantile house. He went to St. Louis, Missouri, about 1859, and engaged in the firearms business. This proved a most fortunate venture, for at the end of two years the civil war broke out. and there was not only a demand for firearms but for every kind of military equipments. He established a branch in Chicago, which proved equally successful and was carried on until its destruction by the great tire of 1871. After the capture of Memphis by the federal army, in 1862, he opened another branch in Memphis which he placed in charge of his Ijrother David. Some months later, after the cap- ture of New Orleans, he opened another branch in that city. Mr. Folsom came east in 1867 and established his headquarters in New York city, the firm then being H. & D. Folsom. He continued in active busi- ness life until shortly before his death. Few men possess the business capacity to carry on such an extensive trade with all its rami- fications as did Mr. Folsom. He weathered the various financial crises and met l)romptly all his obligations. He was a man of infiexible purpose and strong deter- mination of character, and in all his deal- ings held to that high standard of morality and lousiness integrity which characterized the old merchants of New York. He made the most of his environment, and yet his success in life is clearly traceable to the ster- ling traits inherited from his worthy ances- tors. Mr. Folsom came to Orange in about 1867, and from that time until his death never ceased to labor for the benefit of his fellow men and for the educational and moral advancement of the town. He was one of the founders of the Mendelssohn Society, was its first president, and did much to contribute to its success. He was not a mere figure-head, for he was exces- sively fond of music and had a well trained voice, having in his younger days received a good musical education. He conducted the music in Grace Episcopal church and was of great assistance in the benevolent and other undertakings connected with the ])arish. He was much interested in the New England Society and active in pro- moting its objects. He was one of the original subscribers to the building fund of the Music Hall Association. When Mr. Folsom first came to Orange he built him- self a house on Centre street, where he re- sided for several years, and in 1878 he pur- chased the beautiful home in Llewellyn Park where he spent his latter days in peace and c|uietness until his death, which took ])lace October 10, 1887. He married Phcebe B. F. Titus, daughter of Jonah Titus and Nancy Colwell. He was the son of Jonah, son of Jonah, a descendant of Robert Titus, born in Hertfordshire, near London, in 1600; came to this country in 1635. The children of Henry and Phoebe E88EX COUNTY. 471 B. F. (Titus) Folsom were Henry, born No- \eni1)er 4. 1859, and Eleanor Titus. Henry Titus Folsom, eldest child and only son of Henry and Phoebe B. F. (Titus) Folsom, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, November 4, 1859. He was prepared for college at St. Paul's School, Concord, New Hampshire, and graduated at Yale in 1883. He entered his father's store in New York and subsequently acquired an interest in the business, taking the place of his father after the latter's death. He purchased of the estate the home in Llewellyn Park which he greatly improved by additions and in- terior decorations, the lower rooms being fitted up in hardwood. He also purchased adjoining lands, the estate now covering about elex^en acres. He is fond of out-door sports and is a member of the Country Club, Orange Field Club and other Orange societies. He married Carolyn Saltus, daughter of Nicholas, son of Francis, son of Solomon Saltus, who came to this country from Ber- muda, in the latter part of the last century. Mrs. Folsom was born June 12. 1861, died July 16, 1890, leaving one son, Henry Llovd Folsom. EDWARD M. COLIE, eldest child of Daniel F. and Elizabeth S. (Dayton) Colie, was born at Millburn, New Jersey, October 27, 1852. He came with his parents to East Orange when he was but three years of age. He attended the public school and later entered the College of the City of New York, where he was graduated in 1873. He entered the law office of Stone & Jackson, Newark, and a part of the time, while pursuing his legal studies, held the position of vice-principal of the Ash- land school, in East Orange. He passed a satisfactory examination and was admitted as attorney in 1876. and as counsellor in 1878. He practiced for a time under his own name and in 1888 entered the firm of Colie & Titsworth, succeeding to the prac- tice of the old firm of C. S. & C. G. Tits- worth, dissolved by the death of the senior member. Ex- Judge Caleb S. Titsworth. Upon the retirement of Charles G. Tits- worth from the firm of Colie & Titsworth, the firm of Colie & Swayze was formed, in 1892. Mr. Colic's general practice is large and lucrative, and he is considered an ex- ceptionally good lawyer. Of late years he has given special attention to insurance law, and his successful trials of difficult and com- plicated cases have given him a wide repu- tation, and he is recognized as one of the best insurance lawyers in the state. He is counsel for the Merchants' Insurance Com- pany, of Newark, for the Fidelity & Casu- alty Company, of New York, and at the same time represents several large compa- nies in other states. .\s a lawyer he is care- ful, painstaking and thorough in his prepa- ration and trial of cases. His clients trust him implicitly, knowing that every means in his power will be conscientiously em- ployed to Ijring to a successful issue mat- ters placed in his hands. He is a man of (juick perceptions, strong nervous force and \ital energy. As a pastime, Mr. Colie has done consid- erable literary work. He has frequently contributed to .Vppleton's Journal, the Christian Union, the Bookman and other periodicals. He has one of the largest and best assorted libraries in the state. He is especially interested in sociology and has a large collection of works bearing on this subject. Ruskin is his favorite author, and 472 ESSEX COUNTY. a paper read by him before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of the College of the City of New York, December i8, 1894, on "John Ruskin as an Ethical Teacher," has since been published in pamphlet form and re- ceived the favorable criticisms of students of Ruskin. Mr. Colie was one of the originators of the independent movement in politics, which for a time threatened to disrupt the old political parties and which has since held tlie balance of power. He was asso- ciated in this movement with Dr. William Hayes Ward, Wendell Phillips Garrison and other well known reformers. Mr. Colie took the stump himself during the campaign of that year and did most effec- tive work. In what might almost be called his native town of East Orange, Mr. Colie has been esi^ecially active in public and bene\olent affairs. He has been long a director and is now vice-president of the Orange Bureau of Charities. He is con- nected with the Township Improvement Society, and other societies of this charac- ter. His religious associations are with the Munn Avenue or First Presbyterian church, of East Orange, in which he has served as deacon. He is interested in phys- ical culture. He helj^ed to organize the Riding and Driving Club of the Oranges and is a member of its board of directors. He is a member of the board of directors of the Orange Athletic Club, He is a member of the .\lpha Delta Phi Club; City College Club, and Reform Club, of New York city, and of the Esse.x County Coun- try Club, and of the Essex Club, of Newark. He is also a member of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science, the American Association of Charities and Cor- rections, and the Bar Association of the United States. Mr. Colie married Carrie M. Runyon, daughter of Simeon M. Runyon, son of Clarkson Runyon, who was for many years a merchant in New Brunswick and subse- quently a manufacturer of rubber goods, both in XeAv Brunswick and Newark. Clarkson was the son of John, born 1767, married Christian Stelle, daughter of Abel and Sarah Stelle. John was the son of Ephraim, born 1737, whose wife was Ruth Molleson. He was the son of Reune and Rachel (Drake) Runyon. Reune, bom 171 1, was the son of Vincent Runyon, the ancestor of the Runyon family of this conn- try. Vincent Runyon is first mentioned in the New Jersey records in 1663. He came to this countr}' with the Stelles and other Huguenot families. He settled in Piscat- away in 1677, arid had allotted to him, in Alarch of the same year, on the Raritan river, one hundred fifty-four and one-half acres. He died November ic), 1713, his wife, iMartha, surviving him. The children of the marriage of Edward M. Colie and Carrie R. (Runyon) Colie are: Edward M., Jr., Dayton, Runyon, Marga- ret and Frederick Runvon. 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