/ <&+ §Fn..5.! UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. _ MANUAL OF VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY, COMPRISING DISEASES OF HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, HOGS, AND DOGS, AND THEIR j%ccifk !)0wccopibit iSrmtmxnt. CY F.' HUMPHREYS, M.D., Late Professor of Institutes of Homoeopathy, Pathology, and Medical Practice in the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia ; Author of Dysentery audits Homceopathic Treatment ; Cholera and its Homce- opathic Treatment ; Diseases of the Sexual System; and P rover of .Ipis Millifica, Plantago Magor, etc., etc. 562 BROADWAY, NEW-YORK. NW.T'OBI: JOHN A. GRAY, PRINTER, 16 & IS JACOB STREET. _- Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year I860, by F. HUMPHREYS, M.D., in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the TTnited States for the Southern District of New-York. ^ ¥ P E B F AC E. The world owes much to Homoeopathy — more, probably, than has ever been told, or will ever be known. It is some- thing to be emancipated from drugs, from lancets, leeches, blisters and poisons ; but it is more, to be relieved from the fear of them, and to be restored and preserved by forces mild as love, and gentle as the dews of heaven — forces un- known and unrevealed, until elicited by the genius of this system. But these benefits are not confined to the human species. Animals may enjoy them as well ; and heaven knows how much they need. them. For to them the day of sickness is not merely the day of doom, but of suffering and of torture as well. Ignorance and cruelty seem to have controlled this branch of medicine — not that men are of necessity careless in regard to the lives of their animals, or designedly cruel as to the measures used to restore them when sick ; but so little real knowledge prevails concerning their diseases, and IV PREFACE, so much error as to the proper methods of cure, that fatality and the most absurd and cruel measures almost of necessity prevail. Some judicious stock-owners, taught by expe- rience the fatality of the common methods of treatment, notwithstanding the torture and expense, have more hu- manely, if not more wisely, abandoned all treatment, pre- ferring to let nature contend with disease alone, rather than with disease and drugs united. But, thanks to Homoeo- pathy, there is a better way. For many years past, Homoeopathy has been applied to the diseases of all domestic animals in Europe, with the most brilliant success. In this country, and the British Isles, within the last few years, not only have individual practitioners applied its remedies with equal success, but some large veterinary institutions, and most of our principal traveling equestrian troops and menageries, employ it ex- clusively in all diseases of their horses, experience having shown them its great value and curative power, and its immense superiority over every other method. But the inherent intricacies of the system rendered its general intro- duction for the cure of animals impossible ; and though, in the hands of some practitioners and some veterinary sur- geons, it worked wonders enough to show its astonishing capacities, yet to the masses it has remained a sealed book. PREFACE. V The principle of Specific Homoeopathy, which has proved so efficient in popular use, we have now applied to the dis- eases of domestic animals, and, from numerous trials, have proved it an entire success. With this Case and Manual every owner of stock may know every ailment among them, and can treat it successfully. Not among the least benefits conferred by this new me- thod is the ease and simplicity with which the proper me- dicine is administered. No tying, bottling, struggling, or choking are necessary. A neat little glass instrument (the Medicator) is put into the medicine, and takes up the requi- site dose — a few drops — and, at the proper moment, is placed in the mouth of the animal and discharged ; in an instant the dose is given, and an amount of labor is thus saved to the owner, and of suffering to the animal, which is by no means trivial. Hundreds of animals annually die, or are rendered valueless from disease and drugging, that may be saved and promptly restored by the use of the Case of Veterinary Specifics. Several of our most experienced horsemen have given it their unqualified commendation, and use it daily in their establishments. In the execution of this design we have consulted every authority and drawn upon every resource within our reach, and the experience of each has been made to contribute to VI PREFACE. the perfection of the whole, and all has been combined and compared with our now nearly twenty years of observation, study, and experience in the practice of Homoeopathy. We flatter ourselves that for simplicity, completeness, and relia- bility it will commend itself to the judgment of a discerning public. 562 Broadway, JS r ew -York, May 18, 1860. INTRODUCTION". Proper and enlightened attention to the wants of Domestic Animals, is not only a sentiment of hu- manity, but a dictate of economy. To know at least in good part what is the particular ailment of an animal, and to know also how to relieve it, would seem to be a necessary obligation of ownership. The least we can return to the many faithful animals given us, is to provide for their reasonable wants, not only in health, but also in sickness and disease. ISTot that every man who owns a horse, should be necessarily a veterinary surgeon ; and yet the way is so simple that any intelligent person may readily cure a very large proportion, nay, almost every dis- ease to which his animals are exposed, and yet be- stow upon the subject only a moiety of attention. Among the many blessings that Homoeopathy has conferred upon the world, not among the least is the immense improvement which it has effected in the treatment of the diseases of Domestic Animals. With but little variation, to meet their peculiar IV INTRODUCTION. habits and susceptibilities, the same remedies which have been so efficient in mitigating and curing the diseases of men, women, and children, have been found equally successful in arresting the diseases to which all classes of Domestic Animals are liable. The contrast is even greater. Probably from the fact that the treatment of sick animals has been but little understood, and intrusted to the hands mainly of ignorant persons, who have pursued the most crude, cruel, and destructive measures, often far more dangerous and life-destroying than the disease itself, a large proportion of the sick have died or been tortured to death. But when the same diseases are subjected to the mild and benign influence of intelligent Homoeopathic treatment, it is found that almost every disease among them is within its con- trol, leven the most fatal yielding to its magic in- fluences. Although at first sight it may seem strange, that animals should be successfully treated by the mild and apparently insignificant doses of Homoeopathy, yet a moment's reflection will suffice to give many reasons why this should be so. Even were it not susceptible of explanation, experience has abund- antly demonstrated the fact, that animals are, if pos- sible, even more susceptible to Homoeopathic treat- ment than men, and its success in their case is even more striking and brilliant. This may be, perhaps, attributed to their more regular habits, confinement to the same food and drink, absence of excitement, and freedom from the INTRODUCTION. V many articles of food and drink in use among the human species, which are all more or less medicinal. Owing to these circumstances, animals are very impressible, and the doses for them need not be much larger than for the human species. It seems to be a law of nature, that the more delicate the or- ganism, the more subject to disease. Wild animals are almost entirely exempt, while the highly artificial lives of some Domestic Animals render them subject to numerous ailments and to some very formidable diseases. Yet, as a whole, animals are far less sub- ject to disease than men, and far more amenable to cure. The treatment of Domestic Animals with Specific Homoeopathic Remedies, has numerous advantages. The medicines are given at once and without trouble or annoyance, even without taking a horse from his teaui, or a cow from her stall. They produce no poisonous or prostrating effect, so that the animal rallies at once, and without loss or deterioration of value. Animals recover much sooner, and hence are able to resume work much earlier after sickness, than under any other system. But more than all, it is far more successful. Slighter diseases yield at once, and often from a single dose, while the most formidable cases of Pleuro-Pneumonia, or Founder, in horses, and Lung Murrain and Milk-Fever, in cows, cases that are almost absolutely incurable under the old treatment, even when well conducted, promptly respond to the curative influence of Specific Homoe- opathic Remedies, while it is well known that even 1* VI INTRODUCTION. when animals recover under the old system, such have been the ravages of disease and medicine, that their value and usefulness are generally destroyed. List of Specifics and Eemedies MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME, AND THE RANGE OF ACTION ADAPTED TO EACH. A A. For Fevers ; Inflammations, and Congestions of all kinds ; Inflammation of the Lungs, Pleura or Chest, Brain, Eyes, Throat, Liver, or Belly ; Quinsy or Sore Throat ; Congestion to the Head ; Staggers ; Convulsions ; Evil Results of Fright or Fear. All diseases attended with heat, hot skin, quick pulse, great excitement, or pain. B B. For all affections of the Tendons, Ligaments, and Joints ; Spavin ; Founder ; Strains ; Inju- ries ; Curb ; Splint ; Stifle ; Rheumatism ; Re- sults of Excessive Work or Fatigue. C 0. For Distemper ; Farcy ; Glanders ; Nasal Gleet ; Strangles ; Nasal Discharges ; Swelled Glands ; Scab and Rot in Sheep. INTRODUCTION. V1L D D. For Worms ; Bots or Grubs ; Long, Round, Pin, or Tape Worms ; Colic, Marasmus, or other disease from Worms. E E. For all Diseases of the Air Passages ; Coughs ; Influenza ; Heaves ; Broken Wind ; Whistles ; Thick Wind ; Inflamed Lungs ; Labored, Dif- ficult Breathing. F F. For Colic ; Gripes ; Belly Ache ; Hoven or Wind Blown ; Diarrhea or Dysentery ; Liquid or Bloody Discharges ; Fall Murrain. G G. For Miscarriage ; Abortion ; Slinking ; Re- tained Placenta, or Imperfect Cleansing ; He- morrhage ; etc. H H. For all Urinary or Kidney Diseases; Inflamed Kidney, or Bladder, or Urethra ; Scanty, Pain- ful, Diflicult, Suppressed, or Bloody Urination. 1 1. For Eruptions and Cutaneous Diseases ; Mange ; Farcy ; Grease ; Thrush ; Abscess ; Ulcers ; Fistula ; Swellings ; Erysipelas ; Unhealthy Skin ; Rough Coat. J J. For Indigestion ; Constipation ; Evil Effects of Over-Feeding ; Jaundice or Yellows ; Ill-Con- dition ; Staring Coat ; Paralysis ; Stomach Staggers. In addition to the foregoing Specifics, which are all given internally, the following remedies and pre- parations are also employed externally as washes or applications, at the same time that the Specific remedy is also internally employed. Vlll INTRODUCTION. I 1. Pond's Extract of Hamamelis. This is a most invaluable application for Burns, Cuts. Bruises, Soreness, Lameness, Sprains, Saddle or Harness Galls, Boils, Ulcers, Old Sores, and Wounds. It is given to relieve local inflammation or arrest all soreness or hemorrhage. It is similar in its action to Arnica, but far more prompt and efficient. It may be applied in full strength. 2. Arnica Montana. This medicine is used as a lotion for all kinds of injuries, Bruises, Concussions, or Strains. The tinc- ture is prepared by adding a pint of alcohol to two ounces of the dried flowers. The lotion is then pre- pared by adding a tablespoonful to a pint of water. 3. Calendula Officinalis Is used in case of lacerations, and in all flesh wounds, as well as old ulcers, or when there is sloughing or considerable loss of substance. The lotion is made by adding a tablespoonful of the tincture to a pint of water. The Calendula (com- mon Marigold) is a common and pretty flower, readily grown in gardens or plats. The plant taken during flowering and cut up and covered with alco- hol, forms the mother tincture. 4. Sulphur Ointment Is readily prepared by rubbing intimately in a mortar one ounce of flour of sulphur with two ounces of lard. It is used in Mange and some other forms of eruption. INTRODUCTION. IX 5. Arsenical Lotion Is sometimes used in cases of Mange, Cracked Heels, Grease, etc. It is prepared by boiling four grains of white arsenic, arsenious acid, in one pint of distilled water. 6. Bran Poultice. Pour hot water over bran, and permit it to stand until about milk-warm, and then apply it. 7. Turnip or Carrot Poultice. Boil these vegetables until quite soft, then mash and apply them quite warm. Form of Homoeopathic Medicines. Three forms are principally in use, namely, tinc- tures, dilutions, powders, and medicated pellets. Each have their advantages and objections, but after a pretty extensive experience and ample survey of the entire ground, we prefer for animals the tinc- tures. The dose is rather more positive, and they meet on the whole every reasonable requirement. Doses. How Much? It is an error to suppose that animals require very large doses of Specific Medicines, for experience has shown them to be very impressible, easily influ- enced by appropriate medicine, and in general, not to require as frequent repetitions as the human sub- ject. Accustomed to give large and powerful doses of poisonous medicines in order to produce some revulsive effect, such as a cathartic or sudorific, or Xll INTRODUCTION. stituted that two Specifics are indicated at the same time, one to meet one phase of the disease, and a different specific to meet another. In all such cases the two medicines may be given alternately with great propriety and advantage. Thus, give a dose of one Specific, and then, after the proper interval has elapsed, give the other one, and thus continue the two alternately, at such intervals as the exigen- cies of the case demand. Nor should we be deterred from the use of a specific in a particular case, be_ cause the name given it indicates a different use, for a medicine may be curative or specific for a parti- cular disease, and equally so for a very different or even seemingly opposite one. Colic and Scarlet Fever are very different diseases, yet Belladonna frequently cures both. How to choose the Remedy. In the use of the Specifics nothing can well be more simple than this, while in attempting to use the ordinary Homoeopathic preparations it is very difficult and intricate. From an examination of the animal you will have some idea of the nature of its disease, and will at once turn to the page in the Manual describing that and similar diseases, and continue the search until the true description is found, and the proper treatment will be pointed out. It is not necessary that all the symptoms given in the description should be present in each case, it will be sufficient if a general outline of them are present, and the Specific will in all cases be INTRODUCTION. Xlll found to have a much wider range of action than to the single disease or symptoms required. In case a wrong medicine is selected or given, no injury will be done, only a possible loss of time may result. And when a sufficient length of time has passed to clearly show that no good has resulted, the case should be looked over again, and a more appropriate Specific given. How to give the Remedy. Not among the least recommendations for the use of these Specifics, is the ease and facility -with which they may be administered. No tying, strug- gling, or choking are necessary. The animal should be approached quietly, and the medicine placed, if pos- sible, upon the tongue, well back — thence it is ab- sorbed, and acts through the medium of the nervous system. The simplest method of doing this is the best. For this purpose we prefer the use of the Medicator — a small glass instrument invented by us. It is about five inches in length, made of firm, heavy glass tubing, the lower third bent so as to enter the mouth with facility, and terminating in a fine orifice. The upper end funnel-shaped the size of the end of the finger, and covered with an air-tight rubber-cap, so as to form an exhausted receiver. The Medi- cator, taken in the right hand, with the fore-finger upon the top, is introduced into the proper vial, and pressing slightly upon the valve, the air is ex- hausted, and the fluid is forced up into the tube suf- ficient for a dose. A little experience will enable 2 XIV INTRODUCTION. us to take up five, six or more drops, as may be required. The Medicator thus charged with the dose, can, at the convenient moment, be inserted in the animal's mouth, the farther back upon the tongue the better, when a slight pressure upon the top of the tube injects the contents, and the medi- cine is given. In other cases the tongue may be gently hooked out of the mouth with the ringer, and the medicine may be dropped or turned upon it. Horses are fond of sugar, and the medicine may be dropped upon a small lump, and fed from the hand. After a few times they will call for their sugar, when the owner comes into the stable, at the proper time. With cattle or sheep, raise the head a little, and in- ject the medicine with the Medicator, or pull the tongue out on one side, and drop the medicine upon it. When quite a number of animals are to receive the same medicine, it is better to drop out the quan- tity for all in a proper bowl or other vessel, and add a spoonful of water for each dose to the medicine. Then stir well the entire mass, and give a spoonful, or other proportionate quantity, to each. Hogs usually, when sick, lie quietly upon the side, and the medicine may hence be injected into the mouth with the Medicator, or it may be given in a spoon- ful of sweet milk, poured in between the jaws, or it may be given them to drink. Care must be taken in giving fluid to hogs, not to forcibly raise the head, as they are thus easily strangled — even to death. Dogs may have the medicine in a little sweet milk, INTRODUCTION. XV or it may be even turned in through the nose. Yet the Medicator is an improvement upon all these plans, as it takes up and discharges the proper dose at once. Housing and Care of Sick Animals. When an animal shows signs of illness, it should be immediately cared for. The horse, unless in cases of Colic, or other slight ailment, when the medicine may be given at once, and his work con- tinued, should be placed in a roomy, convenient, and warm stall, well littered, with plenty of dry bedding, and well blanketed, unless in very warm weather. Cattle, sheep, and hogs, as soon as it is noticed that they are sick, should be separated from the herd or flock, and placed in comfortable and well-littered and esj)ecially dry apartments. This is necessary not only to prevent disease spreading to other stock on the farm, but for the convenience of nursing them, giving them medicines, but also to place them in the very best position for a cure. Often a little timely care and nursing will save and restore an animal, which, if permitted to run with the stock, and take its chance, would unquestionably be lost. A sick animal as truly needs attention as a sick child. Not always will mere nursing restore a sick animal, but it always places it in the best pos- sible condition to effect a cure, and without it the best medical treatment will often be fruitless. Diet of Sick Animals. In general, when animals are seriously ill, they are without appetite, and will take little or no food — XVI INTRODUCTION. nature thus indicating the propriety of abstinence. But in all cases the food given or allowed should be quite limited in quantity — one half, one third or fourth of the usual quantity allowed, and only that which is nourishing, easily digested, and generally relaxing. With these general restrictions, the usual kinds of food may be permitted, except in case of dogs, where only stale bread and milk should be allowed in urgent cases, and but little or no meat, and no salted or spiced food in any case. After the more urgent symptoms of disease have passed over, and the animal is recovering, we should be careful and not give full feed, as a relapse may thus easily be provoked, and prove very stubborn and dan- gerous. At least half an hour or hour should intervene after taking a dose of medicine, before the animal should be fed, as the system is more susceptible then than at any other time. All nostrums, domestic medicines, or herb-teas, however harmless or beneficial otherwise, are strictly prohibited, as the Specific Medicine must be permitted to act upon the system entirely undis- turbed by any such prejudicial influences. Injections of water, soap and water, or salt and water, are always allowable, and may often be used with great benefit. They are usually administered without difficulty, in no case injurious, and should one fail to produce an evacuation, another or more may be repeated, until the result is accomplished. INTRODUCTION. XV11 How to Feel the Pulse. This is best done by placing the finger on the artery, where it passes over the lower jaw, about four inches below its angle. Place the fore-finger on the side of the lower jaw at its angle, and trace the jaw along gently towards the mouth. Some four inches below the angle a notch will be found, in which the artery passes over the jaw, and the throb- bing of the pulse will be readily felt. The pulse makes in the healthy horse from thirty- six to forty-two beats per minute ; in spirited lighter horses the latter, and in heavy older horses the former. When the pulse reaches fifty to fifty-five, there is some degree of fever. Seventy-five will indicate a dangerous condition, and few horses will long survive a pulse of one hundred. Care should be taken not to excite a horse before or while exam- ining the pulse, as it may thus readily be increased ten or fifteen beats to the minute, and mislead as to the true condition. 2* PART I . DISEASES OF HORSES. CHAPTER I. DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND SUBJACENT TISSUE. Abscess, Ulcers. An abscess is a collection of matter. Any tumor softening, or in other words, coming to a head, forms an abscess. They are usually the result of injuries, such as a blow or contusion, or may be oc- casioned by a thorn, nail or splinter entering the flesh. In the more severe cases these act in con- nection with a constitutional predisposition or pecu- liar state of the blood. Symptoms. — A hot, painful swelling ; in the ear- lier stage hard, and by degrees softening or fluctu- ating in the centre, and gradually approaching the surface attended with more or less heat and fever, according to its situation and nature. Abscesses which penetrate deeply along the sheaths of muscles and tendons, or even to the bones, are termed fistulas. Shallow abscesses are known as ulcers, and these may be mild, readily 20 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. healing, and secreting a healthy, thick, cream-like pus ; or ill-conditioned, unhealthy, secreting a thin sanions discolored matter, and healing with great difficulty. Such are the general characteristics of all abscesses, wherever located, and their situation and extent mark their relative importance and danger. Treatment. — During the inflammatory stage, or before softening, while there is merely a hard, more or less hot and painful tumor, we should endeavor to disperse it without its softening. To this end, give three or four times per day, five drogs of the Specific A A, for Inflammation, and also bathe the tumor as often with Pond's Extract, which will frequently disperse it without softening. But if the swelling increases and fluctuates, or a yellowish spot is observed in its center, denoting the presence of matter, it should be lanced at once, in the most depending portion, and the matter drawn off, and five drops of the Specific I I, for Ulcers, be given morning and night to facilitate the healing. If the part is so situated that a compress, wet with Pond's Extract or Calendula Lotion, can be applied or bound on it, it will facilitate the healing. The treatment of ulcers is the same. Abscess of the Poll, Poll Evil, Is often from neglect a very formidable disease. It is generally the result of severe injury upon the top of the head, such as the chafing of the bridle or halter, pressure or a blow against the manger or stall, or frequent hanging back against the head- stall. Symptoms. — At first a tumor forms at the poll or ALLOPECIA, OR FALLING OFF OF THE HAIR. 21 junction of the head and neck. It soon becomes hot, tense and painful ; the horse carries his head low ; looks to one side ; eats but little from the pain of chewing, especially if the food be hard. If the tumor is not dispersed, it comes to a head, either discharges externally, or the matter failing to come to the surface, sinks downward, burrowing along beneath the surface among tendons, ligaments, and bones, forming deep and obstinate fistulous ulcers. Treatment. — Before the tumor has softened, give the Specific A A, for Inflammation, five drops three times per day ; keep the horse on low diet, and bathe the swelling frequently with Pond's Ex- tract or the Arnica Lotion. This course will usually disperse the swelling, or should it fail to do so, will limit it to the smallest possible extent. If the tumor has come to a head, is soft or fluctu- ating, lance it at once, evacuate the contents, and give five drops of the Specific I I, for Ulcers, morning and night, bathing the ulcer with Extract or the Calendula Lotion from time to time, to facilitate its healing. If already discharging, pro- ceed as after having opened it. Allopecia, or Falling off of the Hair. Sometimes in animals the hair falls off either in patches or generally. If it is attended with itching and irritation, consult # what is said under the head of Mange, but in most cases the disease may be arrested, and the hair restored, by giving a dose of five drops of the Specific I I, for Eruptions, each 22 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOM(EOPATHY. morning and night for a few days. The loss of hair may be soon arrested, but new growth will be slow. Anasarca— Dropsy. This disorder, which is often a mere extension of dropsy of some other part of the system, but may also occur alone, consists of collection of serum in the cellular tissue immediately beneath the skin. It may be known by the doughy feel of the part, the pit made by pressure retaining for a time the im- pression made, and it is usually accompanied by scanty urination, dry skin, and other symptoms of dropsy. It is generally cured by alternating the Specific 1 1, for Eruptions, with that of J J, for Indigestion, two or three times per day. If the urine is quite scanty, interpose two or three doses of that Specific, and then go on with the former Specifics again. Antichor. Is the name given to a globular inflammatory swell- ing, sometimes the size of the fist, which occasionally forms on the chest opposite the heart. It is a con- sequence of cold and straining, and will yield to a few doses of five drops of the Specific A A, for Fever, repeated two or three times per day. Exanthemes. There are various forms of E xanthomatous dis- eases to which men and animals are subject, and which have been most elaborately arranged and classified by writers who have devoted themselves EXANTHEMES. 23 to this particular subject. They are, however, of little value to us in a practical point of view, as these distinctions are often too intricate to be followed by the amateur, and lead to no practical difference in the treatment. They may be acute or chronic, dry, scurfy, and attended with itching and burning ; or moist, and secreting matter. These are all treated by internal remedies, and with scarcely any external applications, and experi- ence has abundantly shown that this mode of treat- ment is far less troublesome, as well as more safe than that of external washes and applications. Every eruptive disease is only the manifestation of an internal morbid condition, and requires only the cure of that morbid condition in order to its entire disappearance externally. Old School Homoeopathy offers a great variety of medicines for different forms of exanthemata, but our Specific will be found applicable to all of them, with scarce an exception, and the use of it in any eruptive disease is a mere question of dose and repetition. For Pimples which form on the surface, scale off and fall in a powder or scurf. Give five drops of the Eruption Specific, I I, every night. For dry eruptions, with desquamation or branny scaling off of the skin, give the same dose and repetition. For Sudden Itching after a cold, the same. Moist eruptions, where there are small blisters (vesicles) or pustules which rise above the skin, break 24 VETERINARY" SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. and secrete a fluid which is poured upon the sur- face, forming crusts and scabs, and is attended with very troublesome itching, require a dose of the same Specific two or even three times a day. In any form of eruption attended with heat, burning, and great uneasiness, the dose should be given more fre- quently, and to relieve the anguish and fever, a few doses of the Fever Specific, A A, may be given from time to time with most excellent effect. Fistulas. Abscesses having a small opening, with a straight or sinuous canal burrowing along beneath the sur- face, among the muscles, tendons, sheaths, and even bones, are termed Fistulas. They are distinguished according to their location, extent, and general cha- racteristics, as follows : Fistula in the Neck, or Poll Evil; fully de- scribed in a preceding page, under that head. Venous Fistula; from inflammation along the course of a vein, from blood-letting. Fistula in Ano ; from docking too near the anus, and improper treatment. Fistula of the Corona ; generally on the inner side of the corona or frog of the foot, and if the dis- ease lasts some time, the entire hoof becomes af- fected and altered, the animal becomes lame, and walks upon the toe. Salivary Fistula; which sometimes occurs in the salivary duct, when it passes round the edge of the posterior jaw. Fistula of the Withers ; which is situated wl;ere FISTULAS. 25 the neck and back unite, and is of the most formid- able character, and may even endanger the life of the animal, from the pus sinking down and extend- ing to vital parts beneath. Dental Fistula, on the lower border of the lower jaw, sometimes on the outer surface, is fre- quently very painful, so that the animal refuses to eat, and grows thin. These are the more common forms of Fistula, and the general character, causes, and treatment, are much the same, wherever located. Causes. — In almost all cases, Fistulas are the re- sult of some external injury, a blow, strain, chafing, pressure, etc., which, acting upon some dyscrasia or predisposition of the system, results in inflammation, suppuration, and subsequent burrowing to a fistulous opening. Treatment. — In case there is heat and feverish irritation, the Fever Specific, A A, should be given a few times, in doses of five drops, after which the Specific for Ulcers, Fistulas, etc., I I, should be given, a dose of five drops every night and morning, except that in very old cases one dose every day is better. In cases where the canal is long and crooked, or runs into cavities of pus, it must be laid open with the scalpel, so as to heal from the bottom. This is best done by passing a grooved probe along the canal, then running a bistoury along this groove, thus laying it open to the surface. The ulcer must be kept clean, and if deep cavities exist, pressure upon the sides will much facilitate their union from the bottom, by causing adhesion. All such fistulous ulcers are slow in healing, and require care and at- 3 26 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. tention, but with such care and attention the treat- ment will be successful. They should be kept clean and dressed daily with the Calendula Lotion to faci- litate the healing. Grease or Scratches. The skin of the heels of a horse has this peculiar- ity, that in a healthy state it secretes a greasy or oily matter, which lubricates the surface, and ren- ders it soft and pliable as well as protects it in a measure from dirt and moisture. Often, however, from want of attention, and especially in coarse animals, fever supervenes, the secretion is arrested, and the skin becomes tense, dry, red, and scurfy. The action of the joint being continued, cracks or fissures form in the skin, and a liquid is discharged profusely from the pores of the heel, at first clear like water, then thicker, turbid, greasy, and corrod- ing the skin and roots of the hair. The inflam- mation and pain make rapid progress ; the animal can not bear the slightest touch, limps in walking, and when at rest holds the foot off the ground. Swelling, heat, dryness, and redness are the first stage ; profuse moisture, cracks, and deep clefts, the second. Sometimes, in very bad and neglected cases, a yet more serious stage ensues. The ulcer- ations extend over the entire heel and fetlock, and in the deep clefts which occur, and gradually ex- tending out over the surface, fungi spring up, which are unhealthy vegetations, and are highly sensitive, readily bleeding at the slightest touch, and inter- spersed with scabs. Gradually these vegetations are covered with scabs or a horny substance, pro- GREASE OR SCRATCHES. 27 trading in the form of knots, and collected together in bunches, termed Grapes. A fetid and peculiar exhalation arises from almost the whole of this unna- tural substance. The horse suffers much, and is gradually worn down by the unnatural drain. Causes. — Almost invariably the disease may be traced to want of proper care and attendance, per- mitting the horse to stand for days in his own litter, or his legs covered with mud ; irregular work, legs much exposed to wet and mud ; or working in water ; add to this a tendency in some animals and families to this disease. In these cases the tendency to the ulcerative form is very strong. Treatment. — Regard must be had to cleanliness and diet. Remove the hair from the sores, and cleanse them well with soap and water. In bad cases the application of a bran-poultice cleanses them beautifully. Keep the legs as dry as possible. Feed with relaxing or green food, bran-mashes, and less stimulating food, especially in the early stage, and give five drops of the Specific for Eruptions, 1 1, each morning and night. If the horse is hot, feverish, or restless, give the Specific for Fever, A A, between times. Keep the limb as free from dirt or wet as possible, and if the horse is not worked, let him have exercise daily. If any application is required, Pond's Extract, morning and night, is the best. When graces have formed, that is, unhealthy ve- getations have sprouted out of the deep cracks, oc- casional poultices of turnip or bran are useful to cleanse the part, after which apply with a brush dilute sulphuric acid to the sores. Ten drops to a half-gill of water is strong enough. 28 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. Cracked Heels is but another form of the same disease, and requires the same treatment. Fungus Is a term often applied to indurations or hardened places in the skin, occasioned by the strong and continued pressure of the harness. Bathe them in Pond's Extract occasionally, or in diluted Arnica, and give the Eruption Specific, I I, night and morning, a dose of five drops. Fungus excrescences about the foot require the same treatment. Induration of the Skin. Hardening and tightness of the skin, when it is not the result of chafing of the harness, or external pressure, will yield to the alternate use of the Spe- cifics for Eruptions, 1 1, and that for Indigestion, J J, a dose of three drops, repeated daily. If the result of chafing or pressure, bathe the part daily with Pond's Extract, or Arnica, and use the medicines mentioned above, internally, one dose daily. Hidebound. This condition is not a disease of itself, but a mere symptom of some other disease, most frequently of the stomach ; such as a disordered stomach, poor food, or long exposure to rough, stormy weather. It not unfrequently exists in connection with Gland- ers, Grease, Founder, or old diseases of the lungs. Symptoms. — It manifests itself by the hair look- ing rough and unthrifty, without its natural smooth- ness and gloss ; and the skin feels hard, firm, and fixed to the flesh. MANGE OR ITCH. 29 We can most successfully treat it by ascertaining and removing the cause upon which it depends. Bat in the absence of any special indication, we may give with the best success a dose of the Spe- cific for Indigestion, J J, each morning, and one of the Specific for Eruptions, 1 1, each night, say live drops at a dose. Mange or Itch. This disease, which occurs in all domestic animals, especially the horse, sheep, and dog, much resembles and is probably the same as the itch in the human subject. It may be dry and pimpled, or vesicular and humid. It first appears on the neck at the roots of the mane, thence to the back, loins, neck, but- tock, shoulders, thighs, etc., and consists of small pimples, itching violently, and causing the animal to scratch and rub itself incessantly, thus soon denuding the parts. In the dry variety, the parts seem cov- ered with a whitish dust, and constantly spreads more and more. The moist variety consists of pim- ples, changing at times to pustules, which break and discharge a fluid forming crusts or scabs, which peel off, leaving bare and sore spots. This process ex- tends by degrees, and is attended with intolerable itching and irritation, until the entire system is more or less involved. The animal grows thin in spite of good appetite, and unless cured mange may continue for years, terminating fatally in some other form of disease, such as dropsy, consumption, etc. 3* 30 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. Old, badly-kept horses, and emaciated cows arc especially liable to it. Sheep have it in a variety of forms. Among hogs it is quite common and most readily cured, while it is most obstinate in case of dogs. It is a decidedly infectious disease, and among horses is generally the result of infection, being communicated by the curry-comb, brush, blanket, or by rubbing the same stall with an infected animal. It may also arise spontaneously from spoiled or scanty food, or from humid stables, bad keeping, and poor attendance. Treatment. — The horse should be so kept as not to communicate his disease to others, and be most carefully groomed and attended, with a suitable al- lowance of good diet, and morning and night give five drops of the Specific, 1 1, for Mange. Procure also one or two pounds of good flour of Sulphur, and constantly dust this in the curry-comb, brush, and cloth used about the horse, and also in obstinate cases a table-spoonful may be stirred in a bucket of water, and given daily. A wash of soap-suds, sul- phur, and water may be applied every two or three days to accelerate the cure. If any ointment is deemed necessary, the sulphur ointment as described on page viii. is the best. Keep mercurials away from the horse. • Swelled Legs. This affection is of frequent occurrence in horses, and is more especially observed in coarse and badly groomed animals. The hind-legs are most subject to it, although it frequently extends to the fore. Sometimes from metastasis of disease from other MALANDERS AND SALANDERS. 31 parts, the leg swells to an enormous degree, and it is attended with some heat, tenderness, and peculiar lameness. The pulse is quickened, and there is evi- dent fever. In such case there is some inflammation of the cellular tissue, and an effusion of fluid forming the swelling. In these cases a few doses of the Fever, A A, Specific will soon relieve the lameness and swelling. If the legs are swelled without being lame or painful, the Specific I I, for Eruptions, should be given morning and night, which with careful grooming and exercise will soon reduce the swelling. Sometimes swelled legs are merely the result of a change of feed, and hence often occur in spring and fall, or when horses are taken from pasture and confined in close stables. Consult also Grease or Scratches. Malanders and Salanders. Scurfy erruptions sometimes appear in the bend of the knee and at the anterior bend of the hock, which after a time are attended with an oozing of mucus and formation of crusts and cracks in the skin. When occurring on the fore-legs they are termed Malanders, and Salanders when on the hind-legs. They produce itching, pain, and occasionally lame- ness. It is caused by long travelling on bad roads, want of cleanliness, and an internal virus. Give the Specific for Eruptions, I I, night and morning, and if necessary bathe the part with Pond's Extract. It is usually soon relieved. 32 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHT. Swelling of the Teats. Sometimes from cold or injury the teats are sub- ject to inflammatory swelling. A few closes of the Fever Specific, A A, will relieve, and if the parts seem quite tender, bathe them with Pond's Extract or Arnica. Sweating. Sometimes, on very moderate exercise, horses sweat to excess. It is often the result of weakness, poor food, or some internal condition. Give the Specific for Indigestion, J J, a few times. It will generally relieve. Tetters Are sometimes met with in the horse. They con- sist of numerous small pimples clustered together, which after a time break and run together, forming a crust or scab devoid of hair. It is attended with itching, causing the animal to scratch. The Specific for Eruptions, 1 1, given morning and night, will be found effective. Surfeit. This is not an uncommon disease in the horse, and arises from some obscure internal condition, in con- nection with sudden changes in the kind and quality of his food; violent exercise or over-heating; checked sweating in a draught of air ; drinking cold water after work; or sudden changes in the weather. There are two forms; the first attended with great itching of the skin, compelling the animal constantly to rub himself; the hair becomes rubbed off in sev- eral places, which are covered with a bloody scurf, or fluid of a reddish color; the skin in other places TUMORS, SWELLINGS. S3 is warmer than in health ; the hair is rough and un- thrifty ; the legs are perhaps swelled, and the horse becomes dull and weak. In the second form, there appear upon the skin many small and hard, or large and flat lumps or swellings, which go away as quickly as they come. They may come over the whole body or only on the neck, quarters, sides, and shoulders. In other re- spects the animal seems well. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Erltptions, 1 1, five drops each morning, and five drops of the spe- cific for Indigestion, J J, each night. A few doses will generally relieve. Tumors, Swellings. Any unusual or morbid growth or enlargement may be termed a swelling, and when one is found upon any part of an animal, care should be taken to as- certain, if possible, its nature and cause. They are variously named, according to their locality and the nature of their contents. Sometimes they are glo- bular or conical, or again flattened, or again pedun- culated. Some are quite firm and hard, others spongy, and others contain fluid. The principal varieties are abdominal tumor, which extends along the abdomen, and should not be confounded with dropsy or with pregnancy. Tumor of the chest, which in case of the horse, is situated over the heart, is about the size of a fist, and is hot and painful. (See Antichor.) Swelling of the feet is common among cattle and horses, and may be either hot or cold. Swelling of the scrotum, accompanied with fever, 34 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. is hot, and liable to produce unpleasant conse- quences. Swelling of the head may occur in various por- tions and degrees. Swelling of the sheath, which may become indu- rated by neglect. Tumor at the point of the elbow, which is of vari- ous sizes, globular, and may attain the size of a child's head, is soft and somewhat hot. It is caused by the pressure of the shoe or by an uneven pave- ment while lying. After a time it becomes pendent, cold, insensible, and filled with yellowish fluid. Tumors may form upon the edge of the eyelids from some internal cause. Encysted Tumors (so called because the enlarge- ment is inclosed in a sack) are frequent, more or less round, movable beneath the skin, painless, and sometimes attain to a considerable size. They are the result of some internal cause not easily defined. Treatment. — In all cases where a tumor or swell- ing is hot or painful, give the Fever Specific, A A, every two, four, or six hours, according to the ur- gency of the case. Keep the animal on low diet and thus seek to disperse it. If caused by external pressure or an injury, bathe the part frequently with Pond's Extract or with diluted Arnica. It the tumor, notwithstanding the treatment, has soft- ened, grows whitish at some point, painful and smaller, open it and then treat it as in case of an ulcer, giving the Specific for Ulcers morning and night, until healed. In case of cold tumors or hot tumors after the heat has been reduced, simply give the Specific for WARTS VERMIN. dO Ulcers at night or noon and night, and the Condi- tion Specific in the morning until the tumor is dis- persed or the condition favoring their production is destroyed. Encysted and fatty tumors will gener- ally have to be taken out by the knife, and the skin again neatly brought together and healed to prevent a scar. Tubercles, as they are called, are only small tumors called into existence by cold, heat, cold drinking, and other circumstances acting upon a sus- ceptible condition of the system. Warts. Warts are so well known as to require no descrip- tion. Certain horses and young animals are most subject to them. They vary in size and appearance, are smooth or shaggy, pedunculated or have a large base, and some are soft, moist, spongy. They sometimes arise after chafing or an injury, but de- pend essentially upon an internal cause. The Eruptive Specific, 1 1, given occasionally for a few weeks, will cause their entire disappearance. Vermin. Animals occasionally are subject to insects which fasten upon the skin and occasion great annoyance from the itching they occasion. Horses after having run out for the winter, on being taken up in the spring in poor condition with long rough coat, al- most invariably are troubled with them. They are best and most safely destroyed by an infusion of to- bacco-water, after which cleanliness is only required. A dose or two of the Specific for Eruptions, 1 1, will also be of value. CHAPTER II. MECHANICAL INJURIES, SPRAINS, ETC. Burns and Scalds. Burns occasionally occur in domestic animals. Pond's Extract may be applied directly to the sur- face if at hand, and is the best remedy, but if not at hand, tincture of Urtica Urens and water, half and half; but if not obtainable, a soap-plaster applied to the spot relieves as promptly as any other domestic remedy, and has this recommendation, that it can always be obtained. In extensive burns, give the Fever Specific, A A, internally, five drops every one or two hours. Castration. After this operation, a dose or two of the Fever Specific, A A, is of great value to prevent fever and relieve the effects of fright, fear, etc. The parts should also be washed with Pond's Extract or Ar- nica and water, to arrest inflammation and swelling, and promote healing. Contusions. Contusions often occur in animals from blows, kicks, falls, chafing, etc. The place exhibits either an open wound, or a swelled, black and blue appear- ance, and in many instances, if neglected, inflamma- tion and suppuration may occur, and an abscess be the result. Violent shocks or contusions, when in- CONTUSIONS. 37 ternal parts are injured, sometimes present but little appearance of injury externally, yet fever, inflamma- tion, or other serious effects, may show themselves.. Contusions about the head, and those that involve joints and bones, are most dangerous. Treatment. — For all injuries, sprains, and contu- sions apply Pond's Extract, if it can be obtained, wetting the part with it, from time to time. This soon disperses the swelling and inflammation, re- lieves the soreness, and prevents bad consequences. Arnica is very similar, and to be used in the same manner, yet we prefer the Extract. In cases where the injury has been accompanied with fright or fear, or is at all extensive, or there is reason to suspect internal organs are involved, give five or eight drops of the Specific A A, for Fever, and repeat the dose two or three times, at intervals of four hours, and especially so in all cases where fever is actually present. Then give the Specific for Strains and Injuries, B B, repeating the remedy every two, four, or six hours, according to the ur- gency of the case. In the most severe cases with se- rious injury and high fever, the two remedies may be alternated every hour at first, then at longer intervals. Chafing of the collar, or girth, or saddle, only re- quires the Pond's Extract or Arnica, with which the part should be bathed from time to time, and the specific for Injuries may be given internally. The results of old injuries, also, will be much bene*- fited by giving the Specific B B, for Injuries, occa- sionally. Almost every possible form of injury is met by this most invaluable specific. 4 38 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. Capped Elbow. This is a swelling formed at the point of the elbow, consisting of an infiltration of bloody serum and thickened skin. It may be the result of a blow, but is most generally caused by the horse in so lying, that the calks of the shoe press upon the elbow- joint. In some cases, inflammatory action sets in, and the tumor softens and is discharged, or if the pressure is continued, the swelling becomes hard and firm. Treatment. — When the injury is recent, foment it with hot water three times per day, and after each fomentation apply Pond's Extract or Arnica. Alter the shoe, by removing the calks, and smoothing the shoe as far as possible, to prevent any further irritation. Should it have become soft, and matter formed, it should be treated as an abscess. Capped Hock. This form of injury most frequently results from kicking, or some similar violence, and manifests itself either as a swelling at the point of the hock, w T hich consists of an effusion of bloody serum and thickened skin ; or the swelling bulges out on each side of the hock, making the enlargement more prominent at the sides. This is found to consist of an enlargement of the bursa or small bags which contain the lubricating fluid for the part, and over which the sinews glide. Treatment. — Give the Specific, B B for Inju- ries, five drops three times per day. Foment the part with hot water, morning and night, applying CURB. 39 the Pond's Extract after each fomentation, as for capped elbow. After the heat and irritation are re- duced, careful hand-rubbing will do much to dis- perse the enlargement of the bursa in the second form. Curb. At the back of the hock, three or four inches be- low its point, an enlargement or swelling arises, which has received the name of curb. It is a strain of the ring-like ligament which binds the tendons in their place, or of the sheath itself. It comes on in conse- quence of a violent strain of the flexor tendons, or may occur in consequence of a blow, kick, or contu- sion upon the part. It is most likely to occur in cow-hocked horses, where the hocks are turned in- ward, and the legs form a considerable angle out- ward, as in such cases the annular ligament must be continually on the stretch in order to confine the tendon. When it first occurs, the swelling may not be great, but is attended with warmth, pain, and lame- ness, the leg being moved with caution, and awk- wardly. Treatment. — In recent cases, bathe the part with Pond's Extract, or Arnica and water often, give the horse rest, and administer the Specific B B, for Sprain, five drops, two or three times per day. Continue the application of the Extract or Arnica so long as the heat and swelling remain. Give the horse rest, for in no case is rest more absolutely re- quired for a permanent cure than in this. If prema- turely put to hard labor, it is very likely to return again. If the curb is permitted to run its course, 40 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOM(EOPATHV. the acute stage will pass off, leaving a hard, cold tumor, which may or may not materially interfere with the motion of the joint. All old cases require the Specific B B, for Sbrain, once or twice daily^ and continued for some weeks. Docking. By docking the tail of a horse, his shape and ex- ternal appearance are often improved, yet the opera- tion is not without its consequences, such as inflam- mation> nervous irritation, fistulous ulcers, tetanus, etc. After the operation, bathe the part in Pond's Ex- tract, or Arnica, and then tie a lint, saturated with it, firmly around the dock. This will allay all local irritation. Give first a dose of the Specific A A, for Fever, and after a few hours, a dose of the Spe- cific B B, for Injuries, winch may be repeated from time to time, to relieve the soreness and inflam- mation, and promote healing. Fistula of the Withers. In the article on Fistulas, the nature and general treatment of all forms of Fistulas are given. This form of Fistula is, perhaps, more important from its location, and the nature of the structures involved. Repeated friction, or long-continued compression on the withers, may injure the muscular and ligamentous parts, and give rise to a painful swelling, which, if not speedily relieved or appropriately treated, may terminate in an abscess, which, failing to come to the surface, may sink more and more among the FRACTURES. 41 ligaments and cartilages, extending to the very bones of the spine. Treatment. — When the difficulty is still fresh, the spelling may be dispersed by applying Pond's Extract, and giving the Specific A A, for Fever, daily. But if matter has formed, it must be opened at its lowest point, and the matter evacuated, and the Specific for Ulcers, I I, given daily, morning and night. Consult the article on Fistulas. Fractures. Fractures of the bones of the horse occasionally occur in consequence of some severe blow, contusion, fall, or other injury. They are discoverable from the difference in shape, the swelling, lameness of the part, and especially by the " crepitus," or grating- sound, which occurs from moving the two fractured ends of a bone together. In all doubtful cases, this crepitation is the reliable criterion. In the more palpable cases, the distortion, loss of the use of the part, and extensive swelling remove all doubt. Among the most common are fractures of the ribs, forming a swelling over the place, which is very sensi- tive to pressure. Of the pelvis, rendering one hip lower than the other. Of the leg, rendering move- ment and use of the limb impossible, the point be- low the fracture swinging about useless. Fractures are simple where a single break occurs in one bone, compound when the surrounding parts are lacerated, and complicated when bones are broken up or fractured in different directions. The treatment of all fractures rests upon very 4* 42 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. simple principles. Bring the broken parts to their natural position, and keep them there, and the more perfectly this intention is carried out, the more per- fect will be the result. Unfortunately, from the weight of the animal and often his intractibility, this is not always easy or even possible. But, on the other hand, nature will eventually heal, even the worst cases, requiring, it is true, a long time, and leaving behind very sad traces of her faulty work- manship. So that in treating a fracture all these elements should be taken into consideration. Fracture of the ribs: Bathe the swelling with Pond's Extract, and the parts will soon unite. Bandaging is of no consequence. Fracture of the haunch-bone can not be reduced, but nature will ere long heal it, though with some distortion. Fractures of the leg, from the weight of the ani- mal, are extremely difficult to manage. It can only be done by partially suspending the animal by stout canvas passing under the belly, and attached to roll- ers on either side, and by means of pulleys raising him up so that the feet just touch the ground, the canvas being supplied with heavy bands before and behind, to keep the body securely fixed in the can- vas. The fractured ends of the limb should then be carefully adjusted, and the limb wound well with a roller-bandage, then a pair of iron splints, grooved so as to fit the limb, and well wadded with tow ; the splint that is behind, being two or three inches longer than the foot, should be securely bound on. The LUXATION OF THE PATELLA, OR STIFLE. 43 whole internal bandage should be bathed in Pond's Extract, and kept wet with it, from time to time, for a week. This will subdue the inflammation, and hasten the union of the parts. After eight days, the splints should be removed, and the limb examined, and again replaced, to remain five or six weeks, at the end of which time the splint may be removed, and a simple bandage and lighter splint retained until the cure is perfected in some six weeks longer, when the animal may be trusted to use his limb. If the ends are in proper apposition, and maintained there, the union will be perfect, with but little swelling or deformity. The general treatment of all fractures is to place the parts in position, keep them there by proper splints and bandage, and keep the place wet with Pond's Extract until the heat and swelling have subsided. A dose of the Specific B B, for Strains and Injuries, will be appropriate, morning and night. Luxation of the Patella, or Stifle. Under the influence of a severe blow, a sudden leap or strain, the patella, or knee-pan is sometimes displaced. The animal holds his leg stiff and ex- tended, can not rest on it, and when obliged to walk, draws it along. This displacement of the pa- tella is called being stifled. The displacement can be reduced by the aid of sufficient help and placing a side-line with a hopple on the pastern of the af- fected limb, and, drawing the hind-leg forward, the surgeon will then with both hands bring the bone 44 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. to its place. Often the reduction is effected of itself if the horse makes the slightest effort. The part should be bathed in Arnica or Pond's Extract, as the ligaments are always injured, and a dose or two of the Specific B B, for Injuries, should be given. Injuries of the stifle, bruises, strains, etc., often occur, and should be treated by bathing the part with Pond's Extract or Arnica, and giving the animal the above Specific for injuries. Sprains and Dislocations. Sprains of various joints or parts occur, which are more or less grave or serious depending upon the extent of the injury or the joint involved. If a bone is displaced, it is termed a dislocation. The joint becomes painful, swelling soon ensues, and on comparing the joint with its fellow, we perceive the distortion, the limb is longer or shorter, and the animal moves it with great difficulty or not at all. If the bone is not moved from its position, but the ligaments are merely injured, or torn, or joints other- wise bruised, it is termed a sprain. The swelling in this case is often as severe and even more so, than in case of actual dislocation. Yet the accident is not so serious, because in cases of horses and cattle a dislocation is not always curable, and if the joint be replaced, the danger' of new dislocation is far more imminent than though it had never occurred. Causes. — Sprains and dislocations occur from false steps, slipping, leaping across ditches, sudden springing, violent effort in drawing a load, or sud- SPRAIN OF THE FETLOCK SADDLE-GALLS. . 45 don turning, or from falls, blows, kicks, contu- sions, etc. Treatment. — In all such cases the indications are simple, yet the execution of them sometimes very- difficult. For sprains, bathe the parts with Pond's Extract or Arnica to keep down the swelling and inflammation, renewing the application from time to time at intervals of two, four, or six hours, accord- ing to the urgency of the case, and give the Specific B B, for Injuries, two or three times a day until well. Sprain of the Fetlock. A sprain of this joint sometimes occurs, mani- fested by heat, swelling, and lameness more or less decided and especially manifested when the horse is moving on uneven ground. When recent, bathe the part with Pond's Extract, and saturate a band- age with it, and wrap it up, moistening it from time to time, and give the Specific B B, for Sprains, two or three times per day,, five drops at a dose. The pain and lameness will gradually abate. Saddle-Galls; G-alled Back or Breast. Not unfrequently from long-continued pressure of the saddle, or collar, or other portions of the har- ness, especially when not properly fitted, the part becomes injured or bruised. The result is a swell- ing of the part. Sometimes a small circular bruise or extravasation of blood, termed " warbles," results, or these may ulcerate, producing in healing a thick- ening of the skin termed " sitfast." Thus we may have all grades from mere chafing and swelling to ulceration, cicatrisation, and permanent scar. 46 - VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. Treatment. — In fresh injuries arising from chaf- ing of the harness or saddle, apply Pond's Ex- teact to the part two or three times per day, or if this is not at hand, Arnica and cold water. A slight chafing or excoriation is relieved by cold water or salt and water. Speedy Cut. This term is applied to an injury on the enlarge- ment of the splint-bone inside of the leg immediate- ly under the knee. A horse with high action in a fast trot violently strikes this part w T ith the edge of the shoe or hoof. Symptoms. — The pain is often very great, so that horses have been known to drop like a shot; there is great heat and tenderness; more or less swelling and lameness. A bony enlargement is the result of repeated blows. Treatment. — Give the horse rest or only such work as will prevent a repetition of the blow. Bathe the part with Pond's Extract or Arnica until the swelling is entirely reduced, or the swelling itself will cause a fresh injury. Alter the shoe so as to favor the interfering foot, draw it Well under, and rasp down the hoof as far as it will bear w T ith safety, and see that the bearing is even all round. The inner side of the shoe should have but one nail, and that near the toe, if the work of the horse will ad- mit of it. Strains. Strains of the tendons, or of different parts of an animal, occur, which are more or less serious accord- ing to circumstances, and which require medication for prompt and complete restoration. STRAINS. 47 A strain of the loins may occur from a leap off a bank, or from a slip, or from turning round in a stall. If severe, it is difficult to cure. The horse bends or lowers the quarters when walking, moves backward with difficulty, trots unsteadily, and thus refers his suffering to the loins. If very severe, he can not move back or scarcely forward, drags his hind-legs, and his quarters tremble when walking. In extreme cases, he can not raise himself, but sits on his haunches like a dog, soon falling again to the ground. There is heat, swelling, and tenderness of the lumbar region. The shoulder may be strained by galloping on a hill-side, or by a false slip in leaping, or by other effort causing a violent strain of the muscles of the shoulder. The suffering is quite severe, the animal is incapable of extending his shoulder, and therefore drags his toe on the ground in attempting to walk. The horse also goes down-hill with great difficul- ty. In some cases, there is considerable heat and swelling and great pain when the shoulder is pinched. If the leg is lifted high up and drawn out forcibly forward, it causes great pain. This mark distin- guishes the strain of the shoulder from any disease or lameness of the foot, that it causes great pain to extend the limb forward, and, in standing, the horse places the leg before him, not stretched out straight, but bent and resting on the toe. After this condi- tion of things has continued some time, a sinking in or depression is shown at the crest or top of the shoulder-blade, from inflammatory action and wast- 48 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. ing of substance, to which the term Sweney has been given. Strain of the haunch, in which the animal halts a little, spares the affected limb as much as possible, and can neither trot or gallop. When the strain is but slight, the animal scarcely limps in walking, and seems only pained when urged at a faster gait ; when it is severe, even standing is painful, the ani- mal limps in walking, and drags his leg ; and in trot- ting, his buttocks describe a sort of swinging move- ment. It is often very difficult to detect it, but its presence may be inferred when a careful examina- tion can discover no injury or lesion in any other part of the limb, and especially if the horse will not permit his haunch to be examined. It differs from spavin in that the lameness increases rather than di- minishes by walking. Strain of the tendons of the leg or of the envel- oping sheath, is generally attended with excessive lameness and inflammation of the part, and the point of suffering is readily discovered. Treatment. — In all cases bathe the part with Pond's Extract or with Arnica when the Extract is not to be had, and so long as there is heat, soreness, and swelling, continue to apply the wash every two or four hours. We prefer the Extract in all cases, yet the Arnica does very well. The frequency of the application and length of time it should be con- tinued, depends on the extent or severity of the injury. Give also two or three times in the day, five drops of the Specific for Injuries, B B, accord- ing to the urgency of the symptoms. In old cases, a dose morning and night is sufficient ; for more re- STINGS OF BEES, HORNETS, ETC. 49 cent or fresh strains, a dose four times per day, until the more urgent symptoms are relieved. In cases of strain of the shoulder and of the ten- dons, it is important to take the strain off the in- jured limb, and for this purpose a high shoe is best. Rivet two horse-shoes together two or three inches apart, the lower one the smallest, so as not to inter- fere in nailing, and keep this on until the strain is cured. Such a shoe is often necessary in many similar cases, to relieve the suffering or injured limb, by keeping the weight of the animal mainly upon the sound foot. Stings of Bees, Hornets, etc. Sometimes where a horse has been tied near a swarm of bees, if sweaty or otherwise offensive to them, the swarm has been known to attack and settle on him, producing pain, inflammation, and swelling, not unfrequently resulting in death. The stings of hornets are as bad or worse. Pond's Extract, ap- plied freely, will relieve at once. Give at the same time the Fever Specific, A A, internally five drops, and repeat it every hour. If you have not the Extract use Arnica in the same manner.* * Urtica TJrens (Stinging Nettle) or the Plantago Major, (low plaintain,) are both valuable, if the former are not at hand. Make a strong tincture by bruising the leaves and stems of the plantago, then place it in a bottle or jar, and cover it with alco- hol or even whisky, and stir it well ; it will be fit to apply in a few moments, and will promptly relieve. Of course it improves with standing, and is efficient for stings of insects, bites of spi- ders, or even of venomous reptiles, snakes, etc. 5 50 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. Varices. The veins of the leg are sometimes distended, especially at the point where the large vein passes over the inner surface of the hock -joint, producing a soft elastic tumor. Bathe it with Pond's Extract, and give the remedy for Injuries, B B, morning and night. Wounds. Wounds differ much in importance and in the manner of treatment. Mere bruises or contusions only require the application of Extract or Arnica, as before advised. Cuts made by a sharp instru- ment unite readily by bringing the parts neatly to- gether and retaining them in place by adhesive plas- ter, or a few stitches. Those made by a ragged instrument require the same management, but often result in suppuration. Stab-wounds are often most dangerous, as internal organs may have been wound- ed, and it is better not to heal up the surface-wound. Gun-shot wounds are similar, and you can do but little for them. Extract the ball or shot if possible, and it will eventually heal of itself. When the belly has been ripped up, and the bow^el protrudes, it should be washed with tepid water and examined carefully to see if it has been injured, and then re- placed and the wound closed. If the bowel has been injured, and the animal can be used for the table, it had best be killed at once. When an artery has been wounded, the blood spurts out in jets and is very red ; when a vein is injured the blood flows in an uniform stream, and is WOUNDS. 51 darker colored. Arterial wounds are far more dan- gerous, and the flow should be arrested promptly, either by compression or tying the artery itself. The application of Pond's Extract tends much to arrest the flow of blood. It is one of the best styp- tics known. Very extensive wounds are soon followed by fever and inflammation, commencing with a chill, and the fever continuing several days. In some cases after suppuration, unhealthy granulations, in the form of pale red excrescences, arise from the bot- tom, which show no disposition to heal. Extract should be applied a few times to such unhealthy sores, until they assume a better color and appear- ance. On stitching up a wound take the stitch from the inside, half an inch from the edge of the lip, bring the two edges together, and tie each stitch by itself, using as many as are required to keep the edges in place, and moisten the whole with Pond's Extract, to keep down the inflammation. In cases where fever and inflammation ensue, a few doses of the Specific A A, for Fever, are of ad- vantage, after which give the Specific B B, for Inju- ries, two or three times per day. If hemorrhage is very severe, lint, soaked in Pond's Extract, introduced into the wound, will soon arrest it. When the knee, or other joint has been penetrated by a wound, first cleanse it carefully from dirt and put on a compress saturated in Pond's Extract, and 52 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. bind it on with a long roller-bandage several yards in length, so as to keep it firm in place, and saturate it with the Extract from day to day. Should you not succeed in closing the wound and thus arrest- ing the flow of synovia a hot iron may be used a little way around the joint, and the Extract compress again applied as before, taking care to tie the horse's head so as to keep him from disturbing the bandages. The operation may be repeated if needful. For injuries of the mouth apply the Extract or Arnica freely. Wounds of the eye require to be bathed from time to time with Pond's Extract, and to give the Specific A A, for Inflammation, two or three times per day until the inflammation and swelling is sub- dued. In the absence of the Extract put two drops of the Fever Specific in a glass of water, and bathe the eye from time to time with it. CHAPTER III. DISEASES OF THE EYES, BRAIN, AND NERVES. Albugo, or Spot in the Eye, Opacity of the Cornea. In consequence of a blow, stroke of a whip, or similar injury, an inflammatory action is set up in the eye, the result of which is an effusion of serum between the lamina of the outer coating of the eye, which renders the cornea or clear part of the eye, whitish or opaque in spots, interfering materially with the sight and usefulness of the organ. But little can be done to remove those of long standing, but recent cases, or those where the inflammation is just subsiding and the opacity only forming, will be dis- pelled by frequently bathing the eye with Pond's Extract, and giving the Specific A A, for Inflam- mation, five drops two or three times per day. In many cases of opacity a bit of honey, the size of a small pea, put in the eye daily, has been known to have a wonderful effect in removing opacities. Amaurosis, Gutta Serena. This disease consists in entire or partial loss of vision in consequence of paralysis of the optic nerve, or interruption of its communication with the brain. 5* 54 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. Injuries of the head, or ball of the eye, or some dis- ease of the brain, are the usual causes. The horse walks cautiously, head elevated, and ears moved quickly backwards and. forwards, the eye has a peculiar glassy appearance, and the pupil does not dilate and contract when light is brought near or removed from the eye. But little can be done for these cases. In the earlier stages a dose of the Specific A A, for Inflam- mation, may possibly arrest its progress, but gene- rally it is incurable in man or beast. Cataract. In consequence of injuries to the eye, blows, contusions, etc., or as a consequence of severe and repeated inflammation, the crystalline lens becomes opaque, so as to interfere with or altogether destroy the sight. On examining the eye, deep in the pupil a whitish, yellowish, or brownish body is discovera- ble. Sometimes, especially in the commencement, white streaks run from the center outward, or the whole chamber within the pupil looks dim and whitish. Old Cataracts are incurable, but recent and form- ing cases may be benefited by giving the Specific A A, for Inflammation, and that for Injuries, B B, a dose every night alternately. Ophthalmia, Inflammation of the Eyes. There are in the horse two well marked forms of Sore or Inflamed Eyes. Acute Ophthalmia and OPHTHALMIA, INFLAMMATION OF THE EYES. 55 Periodic Ophthalmia or Moon Blindness. Acute inflammation occurs usually in consequence of some irritating substance, hay-seed, dust, etc., having got into the eye, or from over-heating, heated food, or from hereditary predisposition. Symptoms. — It comes on with heat and uneasi- ness, the animal keeps the eye closed, or dreads the light, the eyeball and inside of the lid look red, and the ball is protruded and the eye secretes a quantity of humor which becomes purulent and glues the lids together. The cornea is dim and whitish or covered with a scum, the haw is swollen and red. Treatment. — Examine the eye for dirt, hay-seed, hair, or other substances, and if found, carefully remove them. They are more frequently under the upper lid, which may be turned inside out over the point of the finger, by taking the lashes between the finger and thumb, and turning the lid up- ward. The eye should be bathed with Pond's Extract, diluted one half with water, or if this be not at hand, make a lotion by putting four or five drops of the Specific for Inflammation, A A, in a half-pint of pure soft water, and the eye should be bathed with this two or three times per day so long as the heat and swelling exist. Give at the same time, in recent cases, five drops of the Fever Spe- cific, A A, four times per day, and in old cases the same dose morning and night. Arnica is of little consequence except the inflammation is the result of a bruise. Periodic Ophthalmia is really a general affection, the result of teething, and usually appears on the cutting of the middle incisors, the molars, and tusks, and hence, at the age of from three to five years. 56 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. Symptoms. — Generally only one eye is attacked ; the eye looks smaller, swims in tears, and is sensi- tive to the light, the cornea becomes dim and leaden, and the lens looks gray. The pulse is full and fre- quent ; the mouth hot, tongue dry, the water scanty, and bowels constipated. There is evidently feverish excitement of the system and congestion of blood to the head. Not un frequently the inflammation passes from one eye to the other. Severe or repeated attacks are very apt to return again or leave as re- sults, dimness of the cornea, opacity of the lens, or cataract behind them. Treatment. — Exclude the animal from the glare of light, and give at once the Specific A A, for In- flammation, three drops every four or six hours. Bathe the eye from time to time with Pond's Ex- tract diluted with an equal quantity of soft water, or with the lotion mentioned in the case of Acute Ophthalmia. Keep him on low diet, and the case will generally be soon relieved. As the eye improves, the intervals between the doses of medicine should be prolonged. Often a dose night and morning is sufficient. Given early, it will prevent the develop- ment of serious consequences. The Haw. We mention in this connection a curious mechan- ism of the eye, more to guard against abuses than to cure disease. Concealed within the inner corner of the eye, the margin only visible, is a black or pied triangular-shaped cartillage called the haw, with its broad part forward. It is concave, exactly to suit the globe of the eye, and convex without, so as to CONVULSIONS AND SPASMS, APOPLEXY. 57 adapt itself to the mucous lining of the lid, and the base of it is reduced to a thin, sharp edge. At the will of the animal this is rapidly protruded from its hiding-place, a/id passing swiftly over the eye, shov- els up every nuisance mixed with tears, and then being suddenly drawn back, the dust or insect is wiped away as the haw again passes under the cor- ner of the eye. The haw is subject in common with other parts of the eye to inflammation and swell- ing, and senseless grooms term this " the Hooks," and have been known to draw the haw out and cut it off, to the lasting injury of the organ. Such an inflammation only requires the usual treatment, and will be subdued by bathing the eye with Pond's Extract, and giving the Specific for Inflammation, A A, internally, as for other inflam- mations of this organ. Convulsions and Spasms, Apoplexy. Occasionally, in consequence of high feeding and deficient exercise, and especially in fat young horses with short necks and large blood-vessels, this disease occurs. It may also come on in consequence of drawing a heavy load up a hill, although in this case it is more likely to be a rupture of a blood-vessel, with hemorrhage from one or both nostrils. It is also predisposed by an overloaded stomach. Symptoms. — In apoplexy, the horse either sud- denly falls down lifeless, or there are premonitory symptoms, such as : vertigo, the animal holds his head down, or leans it upon something, yawns, perspires 58 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. slightly, and moves clumsily, etc. Afterwards, the animal falls down suddenly, the circulation becomes disturbed and irregular, eyes red, protruded, and staring; breathing labored, short, .rattling; body covered with sweat, and eyelids paralyzed. After a few convulsions, the animal dies ; or, in rare cases, an improvement takes place, to be again after a longer or shorter period of time, followed by re- lapse, or to result in paralysis. (Compare the symp- toms with those of Epilepsy.) Treatment. — So soon as any of the premonitory symptoms are observed, give at once the Specific for Fever and Congestion, A A, five drops, and re- peat the dose every one, two, or three hours, until the animal is relieved, and then at longer intervals. If the horse falls under an attack, give of the above Specific at once, and repeat the dose every half- hour or hour ; remove the harness, etc., and from time to time pour some cold water upon the head, not too much or too violently, while you also give the medicine internally. Injections of salt and water may be of decided advantage. Epilepsy. This disease sometimes appears in the horse, and manifests itself in the following manner: The animal suddenly trembles, remains standing for an instant with legs spread out, staggers, and then falls ; convul- sions ensue ; he kicks, rolls, and twists himself about, grinds his teeth, passes his clung and urine involun- tarily, froths at the mouth, the motions of the eye are spasmodic, irregular, and the respiration loud, painful, and sobbing. After a while he becomes MEGRIMS, FITS, VERTIGO, CONGESTION. 59 quiet, breathing regular, and he gradually comes to himself as if coming out of a dream. The duration of a fit varies from a few minutes to several hours. The attacks return again at periods varying from a few days to several weeks or months, generally com- ing at shorter intervals. Epilepsy differs from apo- plexy as spasm differs from paralysis, and a little at- tention will not fail to distinguish them. The causes are deep-seated changes in the nervous organism, and they are rarely curable. Treatment. — Give, on any premonitions of an attack, the Specific for Convulsions, A A, at once, and you will usually ward it off. For an attack, put a few drops in the mouth as soon as you can safely do it, and repeat it every halt-hour or hour, until the paroxysm is ended. Afterwards, always give one dose to prevent a return. This treatment will sometimes avail. Megrims, Fits, Vertigo, Congestion. This is a rather frequent affection of the horse, and is a consequence of an undue pressure or rush of blood to the head, in most cases also excited by indigestion or over-fullness of the stomach. In the milder cases, the horse stops suddenly, shakes his head, or even staggers in evident giddi- ness and half-unconsciousness for a moment, and then goes on again as if nothing had happened. In more severe cases, he stops suddenly, shakes his head, falls or drops down, or after a few unconscious turns, and a violent struggle, will become insensible,, and then rise up and go on again ; such attacks closely simulate true epilepsy. 60 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. There are symptoms which indicate such an attack, and are plainly referable to congestion ; such as dull- ness, indolence, dejection, the horse prefers the dark corner of the stable, his eyes are dull, look fixed and stupid, eyelids half-shut, inattentive to every thing, half-asleep as it were, head hanging or resting on the manger. His gait is unsteady, heavy, and slow, raises the feet high, and puts the entire sole to the ground, is awkward in turning, and can scarcely- back at all. As the disease progresses, he becomes more and more insensible ; mastication is performed slowly, dropping part from his mouth ; prefers tak- ing his food from the ground, and in drinking plunges his head into the water above his nostrils. Then there are violent moments, the animal runs on quite blind until some obstacle stops him; or he turns round, or remains tranquil, with head depressed and legs crowded beneath his body, without being able to change this unusual attitude, unless assisted to do so. The pulse is very slow, respiration slow, often sighing, tongue foul, mouth dry and clammy. Treatment. — In all similar cases, whether incipi- ent or fully developed, give first the Specific, A A, for Congestion, five drops, and repeat it every one, two, or three hours, until the animal is relieved, or for twelve or twenty-four hours, and then at intervals of say four hours, alternate it with the Specific for Indigestion, G G, until restored. When this doz- ing, stupid condition mentioned above is present, indicating evident congestion to the head, five drops of the Specific for Congestion, A A, each morning and noon, and the same for Indigestion, J J, at night, will soon restore the animal again. PARALYSIS INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. 61 Paralysis. Paralysis, entire or partial loss of nervous power over the muscles of certain parts or portions of the body, occasionally occurs in the horse as a conse- quence of mechanical injuries, severe cold, or some internal cause. When occurring in the face, the muscles of one side lose the power of motion; the lips hang clown, and seem swollen, are drawn to one side, or pulled upward ; food, is picked up and retained with diffi- culty, mastication is imperfect, and food drops readily from the mouth. Sometimes there is no feeling in the face or lips. When the hinder part of the body is paralyzed, the horse is unable to rise or stand, sits on his haunches like a dog, and constipation and arrest of urination are very apt to be present. In slighter cases, the hind-legs sway about clumsily, or he drags them after him, or even walks on his fetlocks. Treatment. — The first course, in case of recent paralysis, is to give the Specific for Congestions, A A, a dose every two hours, which continue one day ; then give the Specific, J J, for Paralysis, one dose every two, four, or six hours, according to cir- cumstances, until relieved, and then morning and night for a time. Inflammation of the Brain, Phrenitis, Mad Staggers. This disease is most frequently met with in entire horses, and attacks especially those that are ardent, in high condition, but little worked ; and it is liable 6 62 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. to be excited by a chill after being over-heated, or overworked in hot weather. It may also arise from blows or similar injuries on the head. Symptoms. — In some cases it comes on slowly. The horse is dull and sleepy ; rests his head on the manger, or places it against the wall or between his legs, and falls asleep. In this state, he will perhaps stagger, and almost fall to the ground ; he, however, wakes up, stares about him, takes a mouthful of hay, chews it slowly, and ere long is again dozing or fast asleep. The eyelids are nearly closed ; the eyes and nose red ; the pupils dilated ; the bowels bound, and pulse slower than in health. This is the congestive stage, and may continue until the animal recovers or dies ; but, in general, other symptoms appear, to which the name Mad Staggers may be more appro- priately applied. In such cases the pulse rises ; the breathing is quickened ; the nose and eyes are very red ; nostrils widened ; the eyes have a wild, fierce look ; the feet are stamped, as if in passion ; he plunges about the stall, rears upward; strikes out with his fore-feet, and falls backward upon the ground, where he lies panting and covered with sweat ; his eyes are thrust forward out of £heir sock- ets, and rattles are heard in the throat. Towards the end, these violent paroxysms are repeated from time to time, and it is very dangerous to approach or go near him. At last, he is so weak and pros- trate that he can not rise, and amidst convulsions, strangling, foaming at the mouth, sweating, and panting for breath, the animal dies. TETANUS, OR LOCK-JAW. 63 Treatment. — The treatment will not be difficult, or the result doubtful, during the congestive stage; but in the fully developed or phrenitic stage, quite so in both respects. The Specific for Inflammation and Congestion, A A, is the principal dependence, and a dose of five or six drops may be givgn every two or three hours, at first, and as the horse im- proves, the intervals may be somewhat prolonged. Continue this treatment steadily and without devia- tion. During the paroxysms, the medicine may be given, by means of a small glass syringe, or the Medicator used in a similar manner. After the more intense symptoms have passed over, some doses of the remedy for Indigestion, J J, alternately with that for Inflammation, A A, will be of value, giving one in the morning, and the other at night. Concussion of the brain, inducing symptoms and a condition not essentially varying from the above, requires the same treatment, together with such ex- ternal applications as the wound may require. Tetanus, or Lock- Jaw. This disease is more common in the horse than in other domestic animals. It consists of a muscular spasm of the jaw, (whence its name,) which usually extends to all the muscles of the body. It most fre- quently occurs in consequence of an injury or wound, such as broken knees, open joints, severe bruises, nicked or docked tail, castration, wounds of the feet, prick of a nail, or even the galling of a crupper. It is also caused by oold or damp, sudden arrest of strangles, worms, or a bad condition of the stomach. Symptoms. — In general it comes on very slowly, but also, in some cases, with great violence. The 64 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOM(EOPATHY. muscles of the neck and jaw are first affected, so that the horse has great difficulty in swallowing and in turning his neck. The muscles then become quite stiff; the mouth is nearly closed ; the jaws can not be parted, and little or no food can be taken into the mouth. By degrees all the muscles become affected with the same stiffness and cramp ; the eyes are still and staring, pulled back into their sockets, and squinted outward, and the haw is thrust for- ward ; the neck can not be bent and the muscles feel hard and firm ; the head can not be raised or lowered, and is held forward with the nose stretched out ; the nostrils are expanded ; the ears pointed forward, erect, and fixed ; the lips are firmly stretched across the teeth, which are partly seen ; the slaver flows from the mouth ; the horse looks anxious, and can scarcely move ; the belly is hard and tucked up ; the tail is lifted up and held straight out, and in a constant tremble ; the legs are firmly fixed to the ground, and spread out from each other ; the bowels are bound, and urine passed with difficulty ; the breathing is quickened, labored, and convulsive ; the pulse is disturbed easily by frightening or speaking angrily to the horse, and it becomes afterwards weak and trembling. While the spasm of the muscles continue, the animal is in constant pain, although it is less severe at some times than at others. Treatment. — Where a wound or injury has taken place, and tetanus supervenes, it will be of course traced directly to this, and the wound should at TETANUS, OR LOCK-JAW. 65 once be treated as recommended for that particular case. If the discharge has suddenly stopped, it should be reproduced by mild warm applications to the part, and any irritation of the wound allayed as soon and as far as possible. The horse should also be treated with the great- est possible kindness, not be handled roughly or unkindly, and as the spasms are rendered more in- tense or severe from fright or noise, the groom must not shout or speak angrily ; every thing must be done in the most kind and quiet manner, and no glare of light admitted into the stable for the same reason. The medicine can be given by the Medi- cator, thrown well back into the mouth. So soon as any stiffness of the jaws, or other indi- cation of this disease appears, give five drops of the Specific A A, for Convulsions, and repeat the dose every three hours. Should an improvement not take place in twenty-four hours, whether occasioned by an injury or otherwise, alternate the Specific for Paralysis, J J, with the first-named, at intervals of three or four hours, and continue this treatment perseveringly. In some cases the Specific for Pa- ralysis, J J, may be used to advantage from the first, but the two remedies will generally be found most successful in alternation. When the disease has become fully developed, or appears very violent, or does not promptly yield to the remedies, we advise the following course, from a full conviction that, if perseveringly followed, the animal may be promptly saved. Provide several buckets or tubs of water, as cold as it can be made, the colder the better, even if swimming in snow and ice, as the object is to re- duce the temperature of the animal as rapidly as possible. Provide conveniently also several blankets and parts of blankets or cloths, to wrap up the en- 66 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. tire body, neck, and legs. These should be con- veniently at hand, so as to envelop the animal as soon as possible after having been thoroughly chilled. Then standing the animal where the water will conveniently ran off, proceed gently to pour the water over the animal from a pitcher, in a mo- derate stream. Two persons can do it best, each with pitchers, being constantly replenished from, buckets behind them, at the rate of a bucketful each in three or four minutes, pouring the streams from the top of the head, so on along down the neck and spine, constantly changing the direction of the streams, and keeping them running over the animal, until he is thoroughly chilled, through and through, mid shakes and trembles violently. This is the cri- terion, and the streams must be kept up until this is accomplished, whether it requires twenty minutes or two hours, or longer. As soon as this is accomplished, and the horse shakes and trembles violently, remove him to a com- fortable place, wipe off the superfluous water, and wrap him in blankets from head to heels, envelop- ing the neck and muzzle, body and limbs, in sev- eral folds, pinning them closely, and throwing an extra one, or buffalo-robe, over the whole, to invite return of warmth and perspiration. Usually, and if the animal has been thoroughly chilled, with return of warmth, perspiration will break out all over him, and the disease is gone. If the animal has not been sivfficiently chilled, only a dry heat Avill come on, and the spasms remain. The operation must then be repeated, until the result is obtained. But if the animal be thoroughly chilled and treated as above, a warm perspiration will come on, with entire relief of the spasm. The horse will then be well, and only need careful and gradual removal of the super- fluous covering, so as not to chill the animal again, or permit him to take cold. TETANUS, OR LOCK-JAW. 67 During this entire process the medical treatment, as above mentioned, must be continued, and for some time after, to prevent a return. Food. — When the jaws are firmly set, no food can be given, but there are times when the spasms relax, and the jaws are rather wider than at other periods. Green food and gruel may then be offered to the horse. When the jaws become more open, he may have bran, clover, hay-tea, gruel, and such similar food. If the jaws can not be opened, or he can not swallow, meal or oatmeal-gruel may be in- jected, by means of a large syringe, into the fun- dament, and life be thus prolonged. Care must be taken to feed sparingly when re- covering, or indigestion and a fatal result may be the consequence. CHAPTER IV. DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND AIR- PASSAGES. Catarrh, or Cold, Influenza, Catarrhal Fever, Epidemic Catarrh. The nose and air-passages are lined with a deli- cate membrane, whose office it is to secrete a thin mucus which lubricates the parts. Under the influ- ence of a chill, suppressed perspiration, etc., this membrane becomes irritated, inflamed, and the dis- charge arrested, or it is thickened, increased, or va- riously modified. The Symptoms usually are, the horse is not so lively as usual ; he eats little or no food ; he coughs and sneezes ; a watery discharge flows from one or both nostrils, and also from the eyes, which are red and swelled. In the more severe form, there is shaking, warm skin, quick pulse, frequent and somewhat difficult breathing, sore throat, pain in the throat when pinched, frequent cough, rough coat, bound bowels, red eyes, and red and dry nose ; tears flow freely, and little or no food is eaten — all symptoms indicat- ing a catarrhal fever. As the animal improves, the discharge from the nose becomes white or yellowish, and more profuse. CATARRH, OR COLD, INFLUENZA, ETC. 69 Where numerous horses are attacked about the same time, the symptoms assume a more severe form, attended with a greater degree of prostration than in cases of common cold, and it then merits the name of Influenza. The symptoms of one year vary from those of another, and during the same season all animals are not handled alike, though the general outline will be the same. The attending fever is of a low grade, comes on sud- denly, and soon reaches its height, and lowness of spirits and weakness are predominant. The symp- toms are often as follows : The horse is dull, low-spirited, and easily tired ; he yawns and hangs his head ; his coat stares ; sweats easily, and breathes quickly, when slightly worked or moved. He eats little or nothing. As the dis- ease advances, the skin is sometimes hot and again cold ; the mouth and tongue are dry and hot ; the white of the eye and nose are red ; the bowels bound ; urine, scanty ; the eyelids swelled, partly closed, tears flow down the face and fret the skin. The sides of the nostrils are also fretted by the acrid discharge from them, which is sometimes very pro- fuse. The throat is so much inflamed, that swal- lowing is attended with pain and difficulty — the animal " quids" his food, and splashes the water with his muzzle, being afraid to swallow either fluid or solid food. The throat is painful, hot, and swelled on the outside ; the glands are also swelled, hard, and painful, and sometimes maturate. The cough is frequent, sometimes coming on in fits, and breath- 70 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOM(EOPATHY. in g is sometim es quite obstructed and difficult. When the disease has lasted some time, the dung is slimy and mixed with blood, and the discharge from the nose is sometimes bloody. A common cold may terminate in inflammation of the bronchia or lungs, by extending down- wards, or it may be cured and expend itself merely in the nose and throat. So an Influenza may extend and involve the pulmonary tissue, and is far more grave than is usually supposed. Treatment. — When the disease commences with a chill, or any considerable degree of Fever is pre- sent, give five drops of the Specific for Fever, A A, and repeat it two or three times, at intervals of three or four hours. Then alternate the Specific for Cough, E E, with the Fever medicine, at intervals of three or four hours, until the disease is broken up and the horse is well. In case of Influenza, even with very threatening symptoms, the Specific for Cough, E E, and for Fever, A A, should be given alternately, say every four hours, in doses of five drops, keeping the animal well covered and in a warm stable. After all the feverish symptoms have disappeared, only the Cough Specific, A A, will be required, and the intervals between the doses may be prolonged as the animal improves. In case the discharge from the nose is profuse or thick, and ex- coriating, one or both the above-mentioned remedies may be omitted, and the Specific for Distemper, C C, be given in stead, at the same intervals, and this may be continued to the conclusion of the case, either alone or in alternation with the Specific E E, for Cough. COUGH SPASM OF DIAPHRAGM OR MIDRIFF. 71 Cough. Cough is so well known as to require no descrip- tion. It is in almost all cases a mere symptom of some disease or morbid condition of the air-pas- sages, such as cold, bronchitis, catarrh, or other more serious affection of the chest, upon the cure of which it disappears. In some cases, however, this affection is so slight as to occasion only cough as a symptom of its existence, and the cough may be said to be idiopathic. Continued cough predisposes to inflammation, yet some horses have a slight cough for years without being otherwise unwell. Other coughs are connected with thick wind, broken wind, glanders, worms, and indigestion. Treatment. — For all chronic coughs five drops of the Specific for Coughs, E E, morning and night, are sufficient. In more complicated or recent cases, the medicine may be given three or four times per day. Spasm of the Diaphragm or Midriff. This is a very rare disease in the horse, but may occur in consequence of disorders of the stomach and bowels, or violent exertions when the stomach is distended with food. Symptoms. — The midriff contracts with so much force that the whole body is shaken, and a " thump- ing" noise is heard at some distance ; these thumps are best heard when the ear is placed over the back at each side of the spine ; the pulse is small, fifty to sixty to the minute, and the breathing twenty to thirty ; the breath is drawn quickl; 72 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. the lungs, and is attended with a smiling sound at the nose ; the sides of the nose are drawn inward, when the breath is inhaled. It differs from palpitation by the number of beats being different from that of the heart, by the sounds being heard over the back and the drawing in of the nostrils during inspiration. Treatment. — The disease will be cured by the Specific for Fever, A A, or by the Fever and Cough, E E, alternately, five drops every two or three hours. Heaves, Broken Wind, Thick "Wind, Whistles. These are merely varieties of nearly one and the same pathological condition, and the distinctions lead to no practical result in the treatment. Thick Wind is generally the result of an imper- fectly cured bronchitis or pneumonia, leaving either the mucous membrane of the bronchia permanently thickened, or some portions of the lung more or less solidified, thus impairing its capacity and diminish- ing or destroying its elasticity. Hence, the horse when exercised, especially up-hill, breathes short, hurriedly, and more laboriously than in health. This causes much distress, the horse expands his nostrils, heaves, pants, and breathes with difficulty. Broken Wind is the result of emphysema of the lungs, that is, the minute air-cells in certain portions of the lungs become dilated, lose their elasticity or power of contraction, and breaking one into another, form variously-sized sacks of air, the entrance to HEAVES, BROKEN WIND, THICK WIND", ETC 7£T which becomes closed, so that this air remains resi- dent in the lung and so far destroys Its use.. Spasm of the air-tubes acts in a similar manner, nence, it may come and go, but the former condition is more or less permanent. Spasm, or disease of the midriff,, is frequently connected with it. The usual symp- toms are, the flanks are slowly drawn up until they have a tucked- up appearance, when they suddenly fall down. The act of forcing the air/rom the lungs. is far more difficult, and requires longer time than to inspire it. There is also a short weak wheezing cough, rough dry coat ; greediness for food, yet the animal is thin and looks poor ; the belly is swelled with wind; oats often pass unchanged from the bowels. Treatment. — Some cases of broken and thick wind can not be cured, as they depend upon organic changes in the structure of the lungs, themselves incurable, yet all can be benefited and many are en- tirely cured by the persistent use of the Specific and proper attention to food and work. In all cases of this disease, of whatever variety, if recent or extensive, give five drops of the Heave Specific, E E, three times per day. In old long- standing cases, a dose night and morning is suffi- cient. Food. — As the animal suffers from want of space in the chest, so the distension of the stomach with an undue quantity of food tends much to increase the difficulty. Hence -the most condensed form of food is best, plenty of oats and little hay, but no chaff, straw, or bloating feed, water in moderate quantities, but never to repletion until the day's 7 74 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMEOPATHY. work is over. Green food, carrots especially, are always useful. They are readily digested, and are peculiarly beneficial to the respiratory organs. On the contrary, bloating, flatulent, poor feed, will tend to induce, and may even occasion, broken wind. The horse should not be worked soon after a full meal. Bronchitis. From exposure to wet and cold ; sudden changes of weather; turning the horse into a cold wet place or bringing him from grass to a warm stable ; standing in a draft of cold air, or washing the warm sweating skin and not drying it afterwards, an in- flammation of the bronchial tubes and minute air- cells takes place, meriting the name of Bronchitis. Symptoms.— The disease generally begins with a slight cough, quick breathing, sore throat, low spir- its, dislike of food, slight discharge from the nos- trils, pain of the throat when pinched, and some dif- ficulty of swallowing. In some cases, it comes on suddenly with shaking ; the legs, ears, and muzzle are at one time hot and at another cold ; the skin is rough and staring ; the head hung down ; mouth hot ; the animal remains standing, and does not wish to move ; pulse is full and quick ; the cough short, frequent, and irritating ; the breathing quick and difficult; the eyes and nose red, and rattles are heard in the windpipe at the breast. A profuse dis charge of matter from the nostrils indicates the period from which improvement commences. Treatment.— Give the Specific for Fever, A A INFLAMMATION OF THE LARYNX, ETC. 75 and that for Cough, E E, five drops alternately every three or four hours. Keep the animal well covered and protected until recovery takes place. After the feverish symptoms have disappeared, the Cough Specific, E E, may be relied upon for the perfection of the cure. Stabling and Food — In all cases of serious dis- ease of the air-passages, the horse should be placed in a large roomy stable or stall, into which the fresh air may freely come, but all damp draughts exclud- ed ; all dung, damp and dirty straw carefully re- moved ; spread clean straw on the floor ; blanket him according to the season, the state of the wea- ther, and skin ; hand-rub and flannel-bandage the legs every night and morning, or oftener if neces- sary. For food, bran mashes, gruel, and aired water only ; when recovering, malt or bran mashes, boiled oats, turnips, carrots, and green food, if in season. Inflammation of the Larynx; Laryngitis. The larynx is the upper portion of the windpipe, and inflammation of it sometime occurs and is very dangerous. It is not often unmixed, but generally accompanied with, or an extension of, cold or bron- chitis, and its causes are the same. It is sometimes a dangerous disease, and may kill by suffocation or degenerate into bronchitis or pneumonia. It is recognized by the difficulty of respiration, which is loud and heard at a distance. The outside of the throat is hot, painful, and swelled ; swallowing is sometimes difficult, and the <0 VETEftlHAlir SPECIFIC HOMoEOPAfHT. iluid returns by the nosej the breathing is short and difficult, and wht:n the aif is drawn into the lungs a rough harsh sound is heard in the larynx ; the cough, at first short and hard, becomes more hoarse and feeble, and occurs in fits, especially during an at- tempt to swaJtew ; the pulse is c[uick, hard, and full an<\ skin hot. As the disease advances, the breath- ing becomes more difiicult, and is attended with a rasping crowing sound, the neck is straightened and held stiffly, the head raised and larynx drawn towards the breast, the nostrils are widened, the nose lead- ooh >red, the eyes red, skin damp with sweat, tne pul se becomes weak and irregular, and at last from th( i increasing narrowness of the windpipe, the; ho rse actually dies for want of breath. Treatment.— The treatment is by no n je ans dif- ficult or complicated. Give the Specific A A for Inflammation, five drops every three hours until three or four doses have been given, a;nd then alter- nate it with the Cough Specific, E "£, at the same intervals until the animal is relieve^. Should the windpipe be very sore to the touch outside, it may be occasionally bathed with Pond's Extract with advantage. Sore Throat. This form of disease of te^n occurs in connection witb, or as a mere symptom of a cold or Bronchitis^ and only requires to be treated in connection with those affections. But it sometimes appears as a more iso- lated disease, and deserves consideration accord- ingly. NASAL GLEET. 77 Symptoms. — The throat is quite hot, painful, swelled on the outside ; it is painful also internally, as the horse has difficulty in swallowing his food, he " quids " it, that is, partly chews and then drops it ; the glands under the jaw and below the ears are swelled, hard, and painful, and sometimes maturate ; sometimes in swallowing fluid, it returns again by the nose ; slaver drops from the mouth ; as the swelling of the inside the throat and about the top of the windpipe increases, the breathing becomes more and more difficult, and the animal at times seems nearly suffocated ; and there is always fever. Treatment. — No other medicine will be required internally beyond the Specific for Inflammation, A A, and a dose of five drops may be given every two or three hours until the disease has manifestly abated, and then at longer intervals. Bathing the outside of the throat with Pond's Extract will be of essential advantage, and will expedite the cure. Nasal Gleet. This is the term applied to an old long-standing running from the nose. It arises from a morbid con- dition of the lining membrane, is often the result of a badly-treated or neglected cold, especially in old worn-out horses, and is similar to catarrh in the hu- man species. Sometimes a diseased tooth in the upper jaw may give rise to a similar discharge, but this is not a true gleet. Symptoms. — The discharge is yellowish, or like cream, and in some cases greenish. It may be dis- charged in clots, or of some thickness, constantly 78 VETERINARY SPECIFIC H0MCE0PATH3T. flowing, or snorted out in quantities ; it may come from both nostrils, but generally only from the left. The glands under the left jaw are often fixed, hard, and painful. The membrane of the nose has a lead color. The discharge may stop for a time, and then come on again, more profuse than before. After continuing a long time, the animal becomes thin and poor, and may finally die of glanders. Treatment. — The Specific for Distemper, Nasal Gleet, C C, should be given, a dose of five drops, three times per day. It will be found quite sufl&cient to entirely control and finally arrest it. Pleurisy, Pneumonia, Pleuropneumonia, Inflammation of the Chest. The pleura is the delicate serous membrane, cov- ering the lungs with one surface, and lining the cav- ity of the chest with the other. Systematic writers treat of the inflammation of this membrane, Pleurisy, and that of the substance of the lungs, Pneumonia, separately. But as this rarely occurs in fact, and leads to no practical result in the treatment, and indeed can be rarely detected before death, we pre- fer the more practical course of treating them to- gether. An inflammation of the lungs rarely or never remains so, but eventually involves the pleura more or less, and so an inflammation of the pleura always involves, more or less extensively, the pul- monary substance. The best name, and more com- mon type of the disease, is Pleuro- Pneumonia. Causes.— Catarrh, Influenza, Cold, or bronchial irritation may either of them terminate in this clis- PLEURISY, PNEUMONIA, ETC. 79 ease if neglected, or from fresh exposure. A sudden transition from heat to cold ; change from a warm stable to a colder one ; neglect of the usual blanket- ing, or even of other comforts ; hard and long rid- ing against a cold wind in snowy weather, loitering in an exposed, bleak place, when the horse is fatigued and warm, without covering. It sometimes occurs when horses are suddenly turned out to grass, or when they have been taken up and turned into a very warm stable. Injuries, contusion, rupture, or great violence done to the chest, is quite sure to be followed by Pleurisy or Pleuro-Pneumonia. Symptoms. — For convenience' sake, we will indi- cate the symptoms of these two branches of the dis- ease separately. Pleurisy invariably commences with shaking all over, followed by a hot, dry mouth, white-coated tongue, red nose and eyes, low spirits, want of appetite, anxious look, and hard, quick, wiry pulse. The act of drawing the air into the lungs is short, and stops, or is cut off at a certain point, at which time the pain is felt ; the act of forcing the air from the lungs is full and slow. The pain is in- creased by coughing and taking a full breath, which the horse will do if suddenly moved or frightened. If the inflamed side is pressed upon, he gives forth a sound like a grunt ; the cough is short ; the horse remains standing ; the skin on the inflamed side is thrown into folds, and twitches are occasionally seen at the same place. The painfulness of the spaces between the ribs when pressed upon, is quite charac- teristic, and often exists to an intense degree. The 80 VETERINARY - SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. horse shrinks from it with a low grunt, and tries to get away. The skin about the sides of the nostrils and at the ends of the mouth is wrinkled. The neck is lengthened, and nose thrust forward ; the horse stands in a crouching manner, and seems uneasy, but does not move. As the disease advances, the pulse becomes more frequent, and afterwards smaller, until it can scarcely be felt ; the breathing becomes quicker and more painful and catching, when the air is drawn into the lungs ; then, by degrees, no catch is seen or grunt heard, the twitches are not observed, cold, clammy sweats break out over the body, the horse appears dull and stupid, and death closes the scene. The pleura, like all serous membranes, has a strong tendency to effusion during an inflammatory action, and in the course of the disease, this effusion, con- sisting of yellowish serum, is exuded, in quantities varying from a few ounces to a bucket-full. It oc- curs in all severe cases, and the fluid either is again absorbed, if in small quantity, or is the immediate cause of death, if in very large quantity, or a lesser amount may remain for a long time, impeding respi- ration, and forming an empyema or dropsy of the chest. When it exists, the breathing is always la- bored, and there is oedema or tumid swelling of some external part, generally the abdomen, chest, or point of the breast. By listening with the ear against the chest, the progress of the effusion may be traced from below upward. Above it, will be heard the loud crackling respiration and grating peculiar to the disease ; be- PLEURISY, PNEUMONIA, ETC. 81 low, the dullness and stillness of the lung enveloped in fluid, the absence of sound, marks the line of the accumulated fluid, its increase and dirnunition. In Pneumonia, the symptoms differ from Pleurisy, yet the difference manifests itself in this, that in Pleurisy there is more pain, and in Pneumonia more difficulty of breathing. Pneumonia is often a con- sequence of cold, bronchitis, or the termination of some disease of the air-passages, and may begin with symptoms of a cold — rough coat, want of appetite, low spirits, etc. In other cases, it begins with a shivering chill ; the legs, ears, and skin are cold ; the coat is rough ; the nose pale and dry ; quick pulse, which afterward becomes frequent and full ; breath- ing at first quick, then panting and heaving; the skin now becomes hot, except the legs, which remain very cold. This is a characteristic symptom, and will never deceive; the nose and eyes are red ; mouth hot and dry; the eyes have a yellowish color, and the horse looks uneasy and restlesss. As the disease extends, the breathing becomes more difficult, and is attended with heaving of the flanks ; the nostrils are much widened; the nose and head held out; the neck lengthened; the fore-legs are fixed in one place, and spread apart ; the nose and eyes have a dark blueish color ; the face looks anxious and disturbed ; the legs and ears are very cold ; the legs seem fine, and the hair upon them glossy ; the cough is more frequent, hard, and pain- ful ; the horse seems drowsy ; there is no appetite ; the dung is hard and covered with slime, and the urine high-colored and scanty. 82 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. Iii the last stage, the pulse is small, weak, and can scarcely be felt ; the breathing is quicker and more difficult ; the breath is very hot ; the eyes and nose are lead-colored ; the skin is cold, and clammy sweat breaks out upon it here and there ; the mouth is cold; the tongue is coated ; the teeth are ground every now and then, and twitches are occasionally seen. The eyes become more and more heavy, glassy, and dim ; the strength becomes less and less ; the horse leans against the stall or manger, or wan- ders around ; he staggers and falls ; tries to rise, but can not ; groans, struggles, and dies. As an improvement takes place, the horse appears more natural, warmth returns to his extremities, his breathing is more free, pulse softer, fuller, and less frequent, cough easier, and he lies down quietly, and without uneasiness. These good symptoms rarely or never deceive. Placing the ear against the ribs, upon various parts of the chest, we may learn with some practice to distinguish the progress of inflammation. In the healthy lung, the air passes in with a slight rustling murmur, quite characteristic, and which, once heard, will always be recognized. As the lung becomes inflamed, " crepitation" takes place, and we hear a sound, slightly crackling, like that made by salt thrown into the fire, or by rubbing the hair be- tween the fingers close to the ear. As, by degrees, the lung becomes more intensely inflamed, it is more and more impervious to the air, until it becomes " hepatized " or solid, and gives no sound, and no resonance when percussed, or struck upon. These PLEURISY, PNEUMONIA, ETC. 88 changes are interesting, and afford to the practiced ear clear indications of the state and progress of the disease. Prognosis. — Horses may get well in all stages of Pleuro-Pneumonia, except in very extensive hepati- zation, when, if recovery occurs at all, it will be im- perfect. The success has gained immensely under Homoeopathic and Specific treatment, and hundreds of cases are thus saved, which would be lost under the best directed old school methods, to say nothing of the " hotch-potch " usually employed. Treatment. — Give, the first twenty -four hours, the Specific for Inflammation, A A, a dose of five drops every two hours. After that, give the Spe- cific for Cough and Inflamed Lungs, E E, alter- nately with the A A, at intervals of two or three hours between the doses. Continue this treatment steadily and uniformly, giving no other medicine, and making no deviation. After a day or two, the medicines for Fever, A A, may be omitted entirely, and only the E E given, as also after the disease has turned, and during con- valescence. After the horse has commenced to im- prove, a dose of the E E, every four hours during the day, w T ill be sufficient to complete the cure. The treatment is the same whether symptoms of Pleurisy or Pneumonia predominate. Stabling and food as under Bronchitis. • We should bear in mind that in all severe cases of this disease, resolution does not take place under four days, and if an improvement takes place in one, two, or three days, we should be satisfied. Rare indeed will be the cases that do not terminate favor, ably under the Specific practice, carefully applied. CHAPTER V, DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. Dentition or Difficult Teething, The cutting or shedding of the teeth, and espe- cially of the tushes, is sometimes attended with con- siderable disorder of the body. The animal either will not eat his food, or he has pain and difficulty in chewing it; the body grows thin; bowels are out of order ; humors may break out in the skin, and there may be cough and slight fever present. The gum is hot, painful, and swelled. Treatme:st. — Give the specific for Fever, A A, five drops two or three times per day. This soon relieves the feverish irritation, and the tooth usually makes its way quietly to the surface. Nicking the gum directly over the tooth in the form of a cross is sometimes beneficial. If teeth are very slow in coming, showing an evident deficiency of bony de- posit, an oyster-shell burned to lime, and broken or ground in his feed, will promote the growth and production of bone and be of service. Diseased or Irregular Teeth. Sometimes the teeth of a horse present irregular- ities. Some of the teeth are too long, or become ragged. As a consequence, the tongue or cheeks are wounded, and the horse eats imperfectly, has pain, LAMPAS. 85 drops or " quids " his food. Whenever this condition is found, if the difficulty does not mend itself, the long teeth should be extracted if loose, or filed down, and the points of the ragged teeth smoothed off. Decayed teeth produce similar symptoms. In addition, a bad smell exudes from the mouth; stringy slaver flows away in large quantities, and the eyes may be inflamed. If allowed to remain, the fang may become diseased, the socket and gum inflame, an abscess form, and a portion of the jaw- bone die. If in the upper jaw, the matter may burst into the nose and be discharged. It is of bad smell and color, and has been mistaken for nasal gleet or glanders. Treatment. — Draw out the diseased tooth, and give the specific for Inflammation, A A, and that for Nasal Discharges, C C, alternately, morning and night, a dose of four or five drops. Lampas. Occasionally the bars of the mouth swell and rise to a level with, and even beyond, the teeth, occa- sioning soreness, pain, and difficulty of eating. It is most common in young horses, in connection with the cutting and shedding of teeth, from congestion and the extension of the inflammation of the gums during this process. It also occurs in old horses, for the growth of teeth in horses continues during life. Derangement of stomach, or worms, is some- times connected with it. Treatment. — The Fever Specific, A A, may 8 86 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. be required two or three times per day ; a dose of five drops. This will soon relieve the irritation and swelling. Should there be any derangement of the digestive organs, a dose or two of the Specific for Indigestion, J J, will promptly relieve not only the derangement of the stomach, but the Lampas also. The searing of the bars with a hot iron, as is sometimes practiced, can not be too strongly con- demned. It tortures the horse to no purpose, ren- ders the mouth callous, and destroys the delicacy and sensibility of a part upon which all the pleasure of driving and riding consists. Crib-Biting. Much has been written upon crib-biting. It is generally regarded as a vicious habit, but is, we think, connected more or less intimately with a mor- bid condition of the digestive organs. The horse stands with his neck bent, lays hold of the manger with his teeth, and violently sucks in wind, and then again with a grunt belches it out. It frequently oc- curs when eating, and the food and a large amount of saliva is either again thrown into the manger or upon the ground. The habit is very inveterate, and said also to be taken or imitated by one horse from another. Wind-sucking is a variety of the sam e thing. Treatment. — The Specific for Indigestion, J J, should be given daily five drops, or morning and night. Omit for a few days, and then go on again, one dose daily. In many cases the disease or habit may be cured entirely — in all, benefited. LOSS OF APPETITE, INDIGESTION. 87 Loss of Appetite. Loss of appetite or diminished appetite is but a mere symptom of some more general affection. It is a symptom of almost every disease, and especially of every morbid condition of the digestive organs. There are cases, however, in which this seems the most prominent symptom ; the animal appears well in every other respect save that he does not eat. The teeth should be examined, and, if needful, cor- rected. "We should see also if the throat is sore. In general, it will be found connected with a morbid or unhealthy condition of the digestive organs, and will yield to a few doses of the Specific for Indiges- tion, J J, five drops morning and night. Indigestion. In consequence of over-feeding, bad food, sud- denly changing the kind of food, working the horse too soon after eating, too much food, or bad and uneven teeth, which prevent the horse from chewing his food well, the following condition presents itself: Symptoms. — The skin has the condition known as hidebound ; the horse sweats easily ; he fa weak, and can not work so long or with so much spirit as in health ; he is thin and does not fatten ; his tongue is foul ; mouth slimy ; the dung is dry, mixed with undigested oats, or it is slimy or bad-smelling ; the water is variable, scanty and thick, or clear and abundant, and there is a short, frequent cough. Sometimes he eats very greedily, and at others will eat nothing placed before him, or will take one kind 88 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. of food and leave another, or he likes dirty straw as his bedding better than the best oats or hay, or, in some instances, his morbid appetite leads him to lick the wall or eat plaster from it. Treatment. — Correct the feeding. Give not too much, and only that most acceptable at first. Give four or five drops of the Specific for Indigestion, J J, morning and night. Should any roughness of coat remain, a few doses of the specific for Erup- tions, 1 1, will soon correct it. Stomach-Staggers. " The cause of this condition is excessive repletion and distention of the stomach with undigested food. It occurs also from weakness of the stomach, bad condition, old age, eating too much dry food after long fasting, violent or hard work immediately after a full meal. These causes prevent the digestion and passage of the food, and, as a result, congestion to the brain and staggers. Symptoms — Are similar to those of mad staggers at the commencement, and are principally known from each other by the manner in which the disease comes on. *The horse is found dull and sleepy ; per- haps still eating slowly and carelessly ; or he is fast asleep, the head upon the manger, or against the wall, or between his legs; the breathing is slow and labored ; the pulse slower than in health ; the eyes closed or nearly so ; slight convulsions occur ; the nose and eyes look yellow ; he will sometimes paw on the ground, look round to his flanks, or lie down and roll, showing that he is griped and uneasy. All colic. 89 these symptoms become worse by degrees until the animal dies. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Indigestion, J J, every two hours five drops, and continue this treatment until relief. But if the staggers increase or show more tendency to engorgement of the brain, the specific for Staggers, A A, should be alternated with that first mentioned, and the two may be con- tinued in this manner until relief is obtained. If the dung should be dry, scanty, or suppressed, large and frequent injections of tepid water will be of great value. Colic. This is one of the most common diseases of the horse. The passage of food along the bowels is ef fected by the alternate contraction and relaxation of the muscular coat of the intestines. Hence it is easy to perceive that flatulent or irritating food, food in too large quantities, large quantities of green food that produces much gas, masses of hard, dry dung, or sudden chill upon the warm skin, all may produce irregular contractions of the intestine, and hence produce pain and colic. Tumors, worms, and stones also produce the same result. Symptoms. — In colic the attack begins suddenly. The animal is uneasy ; he shifts his position, paws or stamps the ground, kicks his belly with his hind feet, looks frequently at his flanks, groans, falls upon the ground and rolls about violently, or lies on his back, in which posture he remains for a short time seemingly quiet and free from pain. Soon, however, the pain comes on again, even with symptoms of 90 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. greater intensity than before. He throws himself wildly about, careless of the injuries he receives during these moments of agony and tossing. He grinds his teeth, bites the manger, and looks towards his flanks with a wild, anxious expression. If he improves, the paroxysms become less frequent and less violent, and free intervals longer, until entire re- lief; or if worse, the pain becomes more and more intense, paroxysms more frequent until there is no free interval ; inflammation results, the ears and legs become cold, pulse small and wiry, and the animal dies from the result of the inflammation. Many of the symptoms of colic are similar to those of inflammation of the bowels, and as the latter is by far the most formidable disease, we will endeavor to distinguish them, so as to avoid mistakes. The attack of colic is sudden, while that of in- flammation is gradual. In colic, the pulse is rarely quickened and never early in the disease, while in inflammation it is very quick and small. In colic, the legs and ears are of the natural tem- perature. In inflammation, they are cold. In colic, there is relief from rubbing the bowels and from motion. In inflammation the bowels are very tender, and motion vastly augments the pain. In colic, there are intervals of rest, while in inflammation there is constant pain. In colic, the strength is scarcely af- fected, while in inflammation there is great and rapidly increasing weakness. Attention to these peculiarities will enable one to distinguish between the two diseases, and to avoid error in the treatment. TYMPANITIS, DRUM-BELLY OR WIND-COLIC. 91 Treatment. — We have in the Specific for Colic, F F, a remedy which rarely fails to arrest this dis- ease. Give five drops on the tongue, and repeat the doses every half or even quarter of an hour until relieved, omitting the medicine altogether, or giving it at longer intervals as soon as amendment is perceived. If the attack has clearly been occasioned by an overfeed, or by bad, heavy, indigestible food, it will be best to alternate the Specific for Indigestion, J J, with that for Colic, at the intervals directed. So, if at the commencement or during the prog- ress of the disease, fever or inflammatory symptoms should exist, then alternate the Fever Specific, A A, with that for colic at the intervals mentioned. Should there be suspicion that Bots or Worms are an exciting cause, the Worm Specific, D D, may be alternated with that for colic, five drops every half-hour or hour. N. B. — In cases of colic the greatest danger and the worst possible fault is injudicious haste and giv- ing too many and improper things. Thousands of horses are killed by the drugs given to cure colic where one dies of the disease itself. Give only the Specific Remedies, and at the directed intervals, however urgent the case may appear. Tympanitis, Drum-Belly or Wind-Colic. This is merely a form of colic characterized by an enormous production of flatulence. The pain is sharper, the animal more furious and violent than in ordinary colic ; the belly on both sides is more or less swelled with wind ; there are rumbling noises 92 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. and frequent discharge of wind. It is usually the result of eating or gorging with green flatulent food. Treatment. — Give five drops of the Specific for Colic, F F, every half-hour, or even more frequently if the case is very urgent. It will soon be relieved. Enteritis, Inflammation of the Bowels, Red Colic. There are two varieties of this disease, one in which the external coats of the intestines are in- flamed, and attended with constipation; and the other, in which there is irritation of the internal mucous surface of the intestines, and attended with purging. The most frequent cause is sudden cold upon a warm, perspiring skin, or even cold drink, when very hot; over-fed horses, subject to long and severe exercise, are most liable to it ; stones and hard dung in the bowels; and especially colic badly treated, and drugged with all sorts of medicines, often ter- minates in Inflammation of the Bowels. Symptoms. — The disease begins, in most cases, with dullness, heavy eyes ; staring coat ; restlessness and moving about from one place to another; the pulse and breathing are both quickened ; no appe- tite. Some cases begin with colic, others with shiv- ering. The animal paws, kicks, and rolls about in the most violent manner at first ; often strains and tries to pass water, but either none or only a few drops come away; the pain is most intense, and does not cease for an instant, and is increased by pressure ENTERITIS, INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 93 and moving about ; the belly is hot, tucked up, and hard, unless there is wind in the bowels, when it will be more or less swelled ; the bowels are very costive, though small, hard, dry masses may be passed, ex- cept in cases where the internal surface, or mucus membrane, is the seat of disease, in which case, small purging or bloody stools are frequently passed ; the legs and ears are intensely cold ; the pulse small and hard ; and sweat in the latter stages breaks out all over. Still further on, the pulse becomes smaller and weaker, until it can scarcely be felt ; the breath- ing is quick, irregular, and attended with sighs ; the skin is covered with a cold clammy sweat; the eyes seem to have lost their power of seeing, he becomes very weak, and trembles all over ; convulsions come on, and death soon follows. Consider carefully the distinctions between Colic and Inflammation, as given under the article on Colic. Treatment. — As early as possible, give the Spe- cific for Inflammation, A A, five drops, and repeat the dose every half-hour. After the animal is somewhat relieved, continue the medicine at longer intervals. If not better in two hours, the Spe- cific for Colic, F F, may be alternated with that for Inflammation, at the intervals mentioned. This will be especially indicated if there should be fre- quent small purging stools, blood-stained or other- wise. After the inflammatory symptoms have sub- sided, a dose or two of the Specific J J, for Indi- gestion, will complete the cure. N. B. — As constipation exists in inflammation of the bowels, many persons suppose it to be the cause 94 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. of the disease, and resort to the most desperate means to remove it. This is all wrong. Remove the inflammation, and the bowels will then move of themselves, while the balls and cathartics adminis- tered during the inflammation will only increase the difficulty, and even prevent the possibility of a cure. Peritonitis, Inflammation of the Peritenenm. The delicate membrane lining the abdominal cavity, and covering the parts within it, is termed the peri- teneum, and is occasionally the subject of inflamma- tion. It not unfrequently follows the gelding of the horse, especially if he is too soon afterwards turned out to grass, or during cold and wet weather. Ex- posure to cold, standing in drafts, or drinking cold water, may produce it ; and it follows a stab in the belly or a rupture of some of the viscera, and the flow of the contents into the abdomen. Symptoms. — A few days after cutting the colt, the yard and sheath will be found swelled and painful ; little or no matter flows from the cut ; the animal is restless and uneasy ; the belly is painful when pressed against, and swelled with watery fluid ; the legs are cold; the bowels bound; skin is rough and dry; no food is eaten ; if loose, he rests his hind-quarters on the side of the stall ; the swelling in the breast, legs, and sheath increases ; the breathing becomes quick and painful ; the pulse hard, quick, and ,by degrees small and weak. These gradually become worse, until the animal dies. DIARRHEA, PURGING, SCOURING, LOOSENESS. 95 There is a slow form of this disease, as follows : poor appetite ; low spirits ; uneasiness ; occasional pawing the ground ; looking at the belly and groan- ing; belly painful when pressed upon, and tucked up ; quick breathing ; small, weak pulse ; bound bowels ; awkward way of walking with the hind- legs ; mouth dry and bad smelling ; body thin ; coat staring and unthrifty ; urine scanty ; weakness. As the disease advances, the abdomen fills with a watery fluid, and the disease terminates as dropsy. Treatment. — From the commencement, the Spe- cific for Inflammation, A A, is the most important remedy, and may be given, five drops every half- hour or hour, during the more urgent symptoms, and then at longer intervals for the acute form. If there should be purging, alternate the Specific for Dysentery, F F, with that for Inflammation, A A, at intervals of an hour, and then less fre- quently as the disease improves. In the slow form of the disease, the alternate use of the Specific for Indigestion, J J, and that for Colic, F F, three or four times per day, will be found most effectual in preventing a termination in dropsy, and in restoring the animal. Diarrhea, Purging, Scouring, Looseness. Green food ; new hay ; worms ; excess of bile ; cold air or water ; quick work, after much eating or drinking, may produce diarrhea. So does aloes, or other purges, which iriay even kill a horse. Symptoms. — Frequent and abundant discharges of slime, and dung mixed with slime ; pain in the bowels, causing the horse to paw and stamp, look at 96 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. his sides, and roll about violently; his face is anxious; cold sweat breaks out ; his legs and ears are cold ; the pulse becomes small and weak ; the breathing becomes quickened ; body wastes rapidly and alarm- ingly, and no food is taken. Death, at times, occurs from sheer exhaustion. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Diarrhea, F F, five drops, three or four times per day. It will generally promptly relieve. In some cases, a dose of the Specific for Indigestion, J J, will be of value. Dysentery, Flux. Dysentery is most liable to occur in horses in good condition, and is caused by change of food, and overwork, or sudden exposure to cold and wet. Symptoms. — There are frequent passages of slimy, bad-smelling, fatty matter, like "molten grease," which is more or less mixed or stained with blood. This is passed off with much straining and effort, and with frequent unsuccessful straining or attempts to effect a passage. The mouth is hot and dry, the legs cold, and breathing quick, no food is taken, the pulse is small and weak, there is great thirst, and the horse becomes thin and weak. Not unfrequently, in strain- ing, the gut is thrust out of the fundament. Treatment, — Should there be considerable heat and fever, it will be as well, or better, to give a few doses of the Specific for Fever, A A, at intervals of an hour or two. Then give the Specific for Dysentery, F F, a dose of five drops, every two hours, until relieved. The persevering use of the remedy will cure all cases. JAUNDICE, YELLOWS, DISEASED LIVER. 97 Jaundice, Yellows, Diseased Liver. Young horses rarely have diseased livers, but at the age of eight or nine years, the disease is more common, and, in some cases, quite suddenly, the covering of the liver gives way, and symptoms of fatal peritonitis appear. Symptoms. — Jaundice, or Yellows, is more fre- quent, and is marked thus. The animal is dull, sleepy, and unwilling to move ; he eats little or noth- ing ; the coat stares ; the urine is scanty ; the dung dark-colored and in lumps. The nose, tongue, eyes, and mouth become yellow, from the abundance of bile in the blood. The dung becomes mixed with bile, and covered with slime ; the urine is very thick, dark-colored, and full of bile. The right side is painful when pressed against, and the horse looks towards it ; he may be lame in the right fore-leg, or paw the ground with it. These symptoms may in- crease, and cough, quick breathing, and full, quick pulse, be added, which afterwards becomes quite weak and slow, and the legs very cold. He then becomes more and more dull, stupid, and sleepy, staggers, falls to the ground, and dies. Treatment. — Rarely will any thing more be re- quired than the Specific for Jaundice, J J, of which a dose of five drops may be given, three times per day. Should there be heat, fever, or inflammatory symptoms, a few doses of the Fever Specific, A A, will be proper, not merely for the heat and fever, but for the obstruction of the liver as well. In se- 9 98 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. vere cases, these two remedies may be alternated with the most brilliant success. Give five drops every four hours, alternately. Costiveness, Bound Bowels. This is usually a mere symptom of some other dis- ease, upon the removal of which the costiveness dis- appears. But, sometimes, in consequence of dry food, deficient action of the liver, want of exercise, or a paralytic condition of the digestive organs, it may require attention. Treatment. — The animal should have regular ex- ercise, green food, or bran-mashes night and morn- ing, with but little oats, heating or dry food. Give, night and morning, five drops of the Specific for Indigestion, J J, and the condition will soon be corrected. Bots and Worrns. Bots, in the horse, like worms in the human sys- tem, have usually a great many sins to answer for, which are really chargeable elsewhere. It is a prin- ciple in the economy of nature, that one animal should feed upon or live within another, and hence every animal, and almost every organ also, has its peculiar parasite or inhabitant. Such parasites are rarely injurious. In an unhealthy condition of the system, they may unduly accumulate, and occasion some inconvenience, but they never feed upon the surface to which they are attached, but only upon the contents of the organs in which they exist. The history of the bot, the most formidable of horse parasites, is as follows. Towards the close of BOTS AND WORMS. 99 autumn, the female gad-fly, (octrus equi,) fixes its eggs upon the hair of the horse's legs, by means of a sticky substance, exuded with the egg. By means of the horse's tongue and lips, these eggs are carried to the mouth, and so on down to the stomach, where the eggs, farther developed in the form of grubs, are attached, by means of their hooks, to the sides of the organ, while their heads remain floating in its fluids, upon which it feeds. Having arrived at ma- turity, they are separated, pass along the intestines, and are expelled with the dung, after which they again burst the shell, and rise in the summer in the form of the gad-fly. Symptoms. — Some horses are supposed to suffer much from bots, while others, in the most perfect health, have an abundance of them. Often there are no symptoms to indicate their presence, but gen- erally, when in great numbers, the horse loses flesh and strength, until he becomes a skeleton, and can scarcely move about ; he has turns of griping pains in the belly; eats and drinks greedily; the oats pass off undigested, and the dung has a bad smell. The only sure criterion of the existence of bots or worms is their presence, hanging about the anus, or mixed with the dung of the animal. There are also the long round worm, similar to the common earth-worm, and the small pinicorm, half an inch or more in length, which often cause itching and uneasiness at the anus. Treatment. — To eradicate worms or bots from the system, give five drops of the Worm Specific, 100 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. D D, each night and morning, with regular and healthy feed, and the worm symptoms will soon dis- appear. For Colic or belly-ache, when supposed to be from bots, give three or five drops of the Specific for Bots, D D, alternately with that for Fever, A A, every half-hour or hour, according to the urgency of the case, A few doses will usually relieve. CHAPTER VI. DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGAN. Nephritis, Inflammation of the Kidneys. The Kidneys are not unfrequently the subject of inflammation in the horse. It may be induced by powerful or repeated diuretics, such as saltpeter, which is a most dangerous medicine ; or from hard and long riding by a heavy rider, or heavy weights ; or by leaping or being suddenly pulled up on his hauches, the inflammation being propagated from the lumbar muscles to the kidneys ; or by exposure to cold and wet, by rain dripping upon his loins dur- ing exercise, and especially if these organs have been previously weakened. Symptoms. — The early symptoms are those of fever, the pulse full, hard, and quickened, afterward becomes small and weak ; the horse looks around anxiously at his flanks; stands with his hind-legs wide apart ; is unwilling to lie down ; straddles as he walks ; expresses pain in turning ; the back is somewhat arched ; he shrinks when the loins are pressed upon, and there is some degree of heat felt there. The urine is voided in small quantities ; fre- quently is high-colored, and sometimes bloody ; and there is frequent and often violent effort and strain- 9* 102 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPAT-HY. ing, but the discharge is very small, sometimes sup- pressed. Treatment. — Give five drops of the Specific for Inflamed Kidneys, H H, and repeat every two hours. Should there be very high fever, great heat, etc., the Specific for Inflammation, A A, may be alter- nated with it, but in general the first-named Specific will be quite sufficient, and should be continued at prolonged intervals to entire recovery. Cistitis, Inflammation of the Bladder. This disease is usually the result of giving diure- tics, saltpeter, cantharides, or similar irritating medi- cines. It may also be the effect of a cold and expo- sure, or of a stone in the bladder, and the disease may occupy the neck of the bladder, or the organ itself. The symptoms are similar to that of Inflam- mation of the kidneys ; the horse makes frequent and painful attempt to stale, but passing only a few drops of water at a time. The bladder can not re- tain any urine from its excessive irritability, so that the attempt to void it is constantly going on. The urine may be clear, or mixed with mucus, or stained with blood. The Treatment is the same as for Inflammation of the Kidneys, the Specific for that disease being given every two hours, or less frequently, according to the urgency of the case. In some cases, the Spe- cific for Inflammation may be given, but, in general, the remedy first mentioned will be found every way efficient and available. HEMATURIA, OR BLOODY URINE, ETC. 103 Hematuria, or Bloody Urine. This is usually a mere symptom of some other disease. Blows, or a violent strain of the loins ; some kinds of irritating plants ; stones in the kidneys or bladder ; ulceration of the bladder ; Spanish flies, given internally or administered as a blister — may either of them produce bloody urine as a symptom. The symptoms are : discharge of urine, mixed, more or less, with blood, or containing clots. When the blood is caused by some disease of the kidney, there is usually pain in w r alking, straddling of the hind-legs, and an awkward way of walking. If the blood comes from the kidneys, it will be intimately mixed with the urine, but if from the bladder, it will pass off with the last of the urine rather than the first. Treatment. — Five drops of the Specific for Urinary Diseases, H H, given morning and night, will generally promptly relieve. If dependent upon organic disease, more time may be required, but the remedy is the same. Retention of Urine. From holding the urine too long ; cramp or spasm of the neck of the bladder ; stone in the bladder, or other disease, which prevents the bladder contracting upon its contents, there may be retention, and the animal unable to void his urine. The symptoms are .similar to those in colic, but characterized, however, by the horse putting himself in the attitude of staling, and straining with great force, as in the act of passing water, without any, 104 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. or very little, being discharged. This symptom may be present in cases of gripes, the bladder acting in sympathy with the cramped intestine. All doubt may be removed by inserting the hand into the rec- tum, when the bladder, if full, will be found large, tense, and full of water. Treatment. — A few doses of the Specific for Sup- pressed Urination, H H, given at intervals of two or three hours, will not fail to relax the spasm and afford entire relief. "When it is the result of a stone in the bladder, the movements of the horse may for a time dislodge it, but an entire cure will only be effected by an opera- tion, for which a veterinary surgeon must be con- sulted. Scanty Urine. This is a mere symptom of some other disease, fever, inflammation, or other morbid condition, or may occur naturally, if there is diarrhea, loose bowels, or purging, and always occurs in warm weather, when a horse is severely worked, from the large quantity of fluid exhaled from the skin and lungs. A few doses of the Specific for Scanty Urination, H H, will soon correct the condition, so far as the health of the animal requires. The Specific for In- digestion, J J, is likewise efficient. Diuresis, Too Profuse Staling. In consequence of bad food, such as kiln-dried oats, mow-burnt hay, or of such medicines as nitre or other diuretics, a horse may have an excessive flow of urine. The symptoms are then as follows : the horse does DIURESIS, TOO PROFUSE STALING. 105 not eat much, sweats easily, is soon tired, the bowels are costive, skin dry, and coat rough, tongue white, and there is great thirst. The water is quite clear and milky, passed often, and in large quantities. As the disease advances, the horse eats nothing, he gets thinner and weaker every day, the dung is hard, lumpy, and covered with slime, the hair stands on end, and the flow of urine becomes enormous. If not cured, death soon ensues. Treatment. — The food must be changed, and none but the best given. Change of food is always of service under such circumstances. Give five drops of the Specific, J J, for Indi- gestion, five times per day. This will usually be efficient ; if it fails, you may try Phosphoric Acid, third attenuation, the same dose, three times per day. CHAPTER VII. DISEASES OF THE FEET AND LEGS. Founder, Laminitis, Inflammation of the Feet. This is one of the most frequent diseases of the horse, and one in which the resources of the Ho- moeopathic art are very efficient. The sensible la- mina or fleshy plates on the front and sides of the coffin-bone, are,' like all other vascular structures, very liable to inflammation, particularly from vio- lence or long-continued action of the part. Hence, standing long in one position, as in voyages; batter- ing or bruising the feet, in severe or long journeys ; sudden changes from heat to cold, or from cold to heat, acting directly on the feet ; standing in snow or cold water after a journey ; are among the more common causes of this disease. It sometimes occurs as a mere transition of disease from some other part, and very frequently from excess of food or indiges- tible food, or food iche?i heated. Symptoms. — The disease generally begins with a shivering, shaking chill; the flanks heave ; the breath- ing becomes quick and labored ; the pulse full and frequent ; the horse shifts his feet from one place to another, lies down and rises frequently, but does not paw the ground nor kick his belly ; he will some- FOUNDER, LAMINITIS. 107 times place his lips on the fevered feet, as if to tell where his pain is ; he places his hind-legs under him, as if to take the weight of his body from the fore- feet ; he moans or groans from the severity of the pain, and at last lies down, unable to stand upon the inflamed feet. The feet are intensely hot and pain- ful. If one foot is taken up, he can scarcely stand upon the other, and may tumble down. He does not like to get up from the ground, and is moved with difficulty from one place to another. If the disease be not arrested, matter may form inside the hoof, which is then thrown off. The disease may exist in a more chronic form, coming on by degrees, and eventually resulting in the ruin of the horse. It is more common to see it in a milder form than the first-mentioned, presenting the following symp- toms : the horse is feverish, out of spirits, refuses to eat, can not raise his limbs without evincing pain, trails his feet along with difficulty, can not readily be made to go forward, or backward scarcely at all. In the stable, horses bring the four feet together, and there is no little difficulty in making them relin- quish this attitude. Treatment. — In the more severe cases, the shoes should be removed from the feet, and the hoof pared down, until the horn yields to the pressure of the thumb. Give the horse rest, and allow him to lie ; wrap the hoofs in clotns soaked in water, and renew them from time to time. If the disease is from the feet having been battered, bathing them with Pond's Extract or Arnica will be of great value. In some 108 VETERINARY SPECIFIC K0MO30PATHY. cases, a cold poultice, made of mashed turnips or carrots, is of excellent service. The remedy for all forms of this disease, is the Specific for Founder, B B, of which a dose of live drops may be given, every three or four hours, in acute cases, with the best possible effect. Should there be quite high fever, the horse down, or scarcely able to move, the Specific for Fever, A A, may be alternated with that for Founder, B B, as often as every two hours, and after the force of the disease has abated, the Specific B B may be continued alone at increasing intervals, until entire restoration. When the disease is clearly traceable to over-feed- ing, the Specific for Founder, B B, and that for Indigestion, J J, may be alternated from the first, every three or four hours. In case of chronic Founder, the Specific for Foun- der, B B, should be given, a dose of five drops each morning and night, and the treatment continued for some time. An occasional dose of the Specific for Indigestion, J J, will be useful as a constitutional intercurrent remedy. Navicular Joint Disease. This disease is far more frequent than is usually supposed, and many horses are ruined by it, the lameness being generally referred to the shoulder or some other part not at all in fault. Behind and beneath the lower pastern-bone in the heel of the horse, and behind and above the heel of the coffin-bone, is a small bone called the na- vicular, or shuttle-bone. It is so placed as to strengthen the union between the lower pastern and coffin-bone, and to enable the flexor ten- don which passes over it, to be inserted into the NAVICULAR JOINT DISEASE. 109 bottom of the coffin-bone, to act with more advan- tage. It thus forms a kind of joint with that ten- don. There is a great deal of weight thrown on. this bone and from this navicular bone on the ten- don, and there is considerable motion or play be- tween them in the bending and extension of the pasterns. It is easy to conceive, that from sudden concussion or from rapid and over-strained motion, and at a time when, from rest and relaxation, the parts have not adapted themselves to the violent motion re- quired, there may be excessive play between the bone and tendon, and the delicate membrane which covers the bone or the cartilage of the bone, may become bruised and inflamed and destroyed ; and that all the painful effects of an inflamed and open joint may result, and the horse be incurably lame. ^Numerous dissections have shown that this joint thus formed by the tendon and bone, has been the frequent and almost invariable seat of these obscure lamenesses. The membrane covering the cartilage becomes inflamed and ulcerated ; the cartilage itself is ulcerated and eaten away, the bone has become carious, and bony adhesions have taken place between the navicular and pastern and coffin- bones, and this part of the foot has become com- pletely disorganized and useless. Symptoms. — The degree of lameness is various ; the horse may show lameness the first hundred steps, or the first mile or two, and then less or scarcely at all ; he is inclined to " point " or keep 10 110 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. the affected foot in advance of the other when standing ; he may show lameness on stone or pave- ment and not on turf or ground ; if both feet are badly affected, the horse favors his heels, has short action, and wears away the toes of his shoes, leav- ing the heels undiminished in thickness ; the hind- feet may be kept well under him to diminish the pressure upon the fore-feet ; in the stable, he is mostly lying down ; heat of the foot and heel, es- pecially the heel. Treatment. — In the earlier stages when there exists only irritation and inflammation, and no changes of structure or disorganizations have yet occurred, the Specific for Spavin, B B, together with cold fermentations kept to the foot, will be found sufficient. Give a dose of five drops three or four times per day. In the more extreme or advanced cases, the sole should be pared down and the quarters rasped, and shoe worn without nails on the inner quarter, to un- bind as far as possible, the imprisoned bone, and the foot kept in a bran poultice until the heat is allayed, then substitute this for the cold formentation, keeping up the use of the specific medicine, B B, as above indicated. These will be successful m all common cases. Sand Crack. This is a separation of the fibers of the hoof from above downward — rarely crosswise. The best treatment is to drill two holes through each side of the crack and then pass copper or iron wire through them. Both ends of the wire are then to be drawn and clinched down and fastened in the same way as the nails in shoeing. The crack itself is then to be CORNS. Ill filled with cobbler's wax after having been thoroughly cleaned out. Give also daily five drops of the Specific 1 1, for Ulcers. Corns. A corn is a bruise upon the sole of the foot at the angle between the wall and the bar, and has this resemblance to the corn in the human subject, that it is produced by pressure and results in lameness. It may be caused by contracted feet ; cutting away the bars ; too thick -heeled shoes or weak flat feet ; dirt getting between the shoe and heel of the foot ; or from not having the foot sufficiently pared out. Symptoms. — The pressure arising from these causes bursts the blood-vessels under the horn, so that the angle of the foot has a blood-red appear- ance, and feels softer than other portions of the ! horn ; the place is painful, and, when pressed upon, the animal flinches, and there is more or less lame- ness. In some cases, matter will form, and unless a vent be made as early as possible, it will under-run the sole, or appear at the coronet and form a quittor. Treatment. — The heel must be well pared out, and all dirt removed. Then apply Tincture of Ar- nica upon a bit of cotton, or Pond's Extract, if the Arnica is not at hand, tack on the shoe lightly, with the pressure off the sore heel, and a leather sole between it and the foot. But if matter has formed, remove the dead horn, make a good free vent, so the matter may freely discharge, foment the foot with hot water for an hour. Soak a bit of cotton in Arnica or Pond's 112 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. Extract, and apply it to the heel, and then place the foot in a large bran or turnip poultice. (See Introductory Section.) Change the poultice and dressing each night and morning. In a few days the foot will be ready to shoe in the usual way and with a sole leather to keep out the dirt. Give also, each morning and night, a dose of the Specific for Ulcers, II. If a quittor has formed, it should be treated as such. Quittor. This is a deep narrow ulcer opening upon the coro- net, and leading into an abscess in the foot. It may be caused by treads, or overreaches, or corns, but- most commonly from prick of a nail or other sharp substance. It is attended with more or less lame- ness ; heat and pain in the foot, and discharge of matter from the open wound. But if it has been caused by the matter from a corn, the coronet above the heel will have upon it a hard painful swelling, which afterwards becomes softer and larger. Treatment. — If the quittor arises from a wound of the sole or prick, after the wounded part has been pared out and poulticed as directed in the arti- cle for prick in the foot, then with a probe gently find out the direction and number of pipes, and with a fine syringe, inject Pond's Extract of full strength, into the opening, two or three times per day. Change the poultice night and morning until no more matter flows, and the quittor begins to heal. When it arises from a corn in the heel, and mat- ter has got into the coronet, the swelling must be cut into and the discharge let out ; then poultice night and morning, inject the Extract as before, rasp down the wall of the hoof until it yields to the PRICK IN THE FOOT. 113 pressure of the thumb, and put on a bar-shoe. Roll a bandage around the coronet to keep the dirt out from the quittor. If there is some considerable heat and fever, the Fever Specific, A A, may come in play. But the Specific for Ulcers, I I, should be given two or three drops three times per day, at first, and then morning and night until the quitter is healed. Prick in the Foot. Sharp substances, such as nails, glass, pointed stones, or similar substances, not unfrequently pene- trate the foot in traveling, or the shoe may be partly torn off, and the loosened nail be thrust into the foot, or a nail may go wrong in shoeing. Heat, pain, lameness, and subsequent formation of matter, will be the result, unless the offending substance is removed in time and the injury cured. Treatment. — With the hammer upon the nails, or by pressure with the pincers, ascertain where the horse feels pain, and the mischief lies. Take off the shoe, pare away the hoof around the injured part, until it yields to the thumb, follow the nail-hole to the bottom, and if newly done, a dark-colored dirty matter will now out. Make - a fair vent for the fluid, and if there is not much lameness, put a piece of cotton soaked in Arnica upon the pricked place, and tack the shoe lightly on with a sole leather and the usual stopping between it and the foot to pre- vent dirt getting into the wound. If the injury has beep of some days' standing and there is pain, heat, and lameness, matter has proba- bly already formed, and may run under the sole or make its way to the coronet. In such cases make a good opening, remove all dead horn and that only ; 10* 114 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. dress as before with Arnica or Pond's Extract, and put the foot into a large bran or turnip poul- tice, which must be changed night and morning. Continue the poultices until the lameness is measur- ably subdued, and then dress with Arnica, and shoe as before. During the treatment, give the Specific for In- juries, B B, every three, four, or six hours, accord- ing to the urgency of the case, and if there is much fever interpose a dose or two of the Fever Specific, A A, as circumstances require. Spavin. This is an affection of the tendons, ligaments, and bursa connected with the hock. From a strain, violent exercise, or similar cause, an increased action is set up in these parts which glide upon each other, irritation results and the parts enlarge ; or, an exuda- tion of serum occurs, tinged or not with blood, which may be absorbed afterwards or remain for a long time a soft movable tumor ; or by degrees an ossific or bony deposit takes place, resulting in a firm, hard, bony tumor. These several stages or de- grees of the same common affection have been termed Bog-Spavin, Blood- Spavin, and Bone- Spa- vin. Wind-Galls and Thorough Pins are but local variations of the same essential condition — en- largements of the bursa and tendons of the joint. Essentially an inflammation of the ligamentous con- nections of the small metatarsal, with the internal cuneiform bone of the hock, yet the position of the swelling and ossific deposit may vary considerably. It usually shows itself on the inner and lower side SPAVIN. 115 of the hock at the lower portion of the joint. A careful comparison of the two legs with the eye and hand, will best disclose the evil. " Sometimes it ap- pears as a soft swelling of the femoral vein along the inner surface of the hock ; or again, as a hot, pain- ful, laming swelling, extending from the posterior border of the hock downward, which may after- ward become a hard bony tumor, insensible, causing the animal to limp only when making some exer- tion ; or, the swelling extends along the inner sur- face of the hock, oblong, a little broader above than below, bony, sometimes involving the entire joint, and occasioning more or less limping ; or, a soft round swelling over the whole internal surface of the hock, at first not impeding the horse's gait, but afterwards becoming indurated and causing a rigid- ity of the hock and consequent lameness ; or, a hard osseous swelling at the upper and inner side of the femur, causing a lameness depending upon the ex- tent to which the ligaments of the joints are in- volved ; or the muscles of the hind-quarters are not visibly affected, the horse does not limp, but simply raises one or both the hind limbs (for one is seldom aifected alone) unnaturally high, with a spring, and puts them down again with a spasmodic twitching movement." (Spring-halt.) At first the animal seems afraid to use one or the other of the hind-legs, and a little lameness is no- ticed on first starting off". Afterwards when return- ing to the stable after exertion, the horse stands on the toe of the affected limb, and limps considerably 116 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. on turning around and first commencing to walk ; after moving a little, the lameness disappears, and only returns again after he has been standing some time. This will be soon followed by the swelling. Causes. — There is a predisposition to this affec- tion in some families of horses, and when present, strains, violent exertion, over- work, a blow, or other injury, readily develops the spavin. Horses with high legs, from three to seven years of age, are most liable to it. Treatment. — In the earlier stages, while the lame- ness is yet recent, and little or no swelling has ap- peared, bathing the joint with Pond's Extract or Arnica, and giving the Spavin Specific, B B, night and morning, will be sufficient to remove the lame- ness and generally prevent the swelling. When the swelling is still soft and recent, bathing the joint with Extract or Arnica and giving the Spavin Spe- cific, B B, night and morning, will reduce the swell- ing and relieve the lameness. In all other cases of Spavin, whatever may be its particular form or situation, give five drops of the Specific for Spavin, B B, each morning and night, see that the legs are well rubbed, with but moderate daily work or exercise. The pain, lameness, and subsequent exudation of bony matter depend upon the affection of the ligaments of the joint. This being relieved, the whole affection disappears. All recent and soft spavins may be successfully treated thus, and even the most inveterate ones will be much relieved and benefited. Splint. In consequence of an injury a bony tumor arises in the inside of the fore-leg below the knee ; some- RING BONE. 117 times, though rarely, it is seen on the outside and even oil the hind-legs. After having existed some time they seldom occasion lameness accept so sit- uated as to interfere with the action of the tendons or ligaments of the legs. During the forming stage, the horse is lame because the periosteum of the bone is inflamed, but after this has subsided and the bony exudation is thrown out, it disappears, except in the case above mentioned. In some cases in the begin- ning the feet are hot and painful, the animal likes to remain lying down ; and if only the fore-feet are affected, he puts them down with great care and evident pain, and there is general fever and suffering, which passes off with the more decided local manifes- tation. If the tumor is of some standing, it may be quite difficult or impossible to cause its disappear- ance. But happily these old hardened tumors sel- dom interfere with the essential usefulness of the animal. Treatment. — In most cases, if there is heat and feverish excitement of the system, give five drops of the Specific for Fever, A A, and that for Spavin, B B, alternately three or four times per day, until the heat and lameness are partially subdued, and then give the Spavin Specific, B B, morning and night, until the lameness and irritation have entirely sub- sided. Old cases will be benefited by a dose every day. Ring Bone Consists of an enlargement and ossific deposit near the fetlock joint in consequence of a strain and in- namatory action. It may appear on one or both 118 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. sides of a foot, or completely surround it, giving rise to the name. One or more feet may be affected by it. It is generally recognized by a mere bony en- largement on one or both sides of the pastern, and the lameness is not very considerable ; but sometimes not only the ligamentous but bony structures of the joint are involved, compromising the entire joint. A false step or strain of the articular ligaments, are the usual immediate causes, to which a hereditary predis- position must be added. At the commencement bathe the part with Pond's Extract or Arnica from day to day, and give five drops of the Specific B B, for Spavin - , three times per day. In chronic cases give a dose morning and night, or even only once per day. Cases of con- siderable standing will materially improve, and re- cent fresh cases may be permanently restored. Over-reach and Tread. An overreach is a bruise upon the heel of the fore-foot, caused from the toe of the hind-shoe. A tread is a bruise upon the inside coronet of a hind-foot, caused by the shoe on the other foot treading upon it ; or it may be caused by a fore- shoe treading upon a hind coronet, as when the horse is backing. In either case quittor may form, or the death of the crushed coronet will leave the hoof altered in shape. Treatment. — Remove the crushed and torn skin and horn ; clip away the hair around the bruised part ; wash it with water, to remove the dirt ; and foment it with hot water three times per day ; after THRUSH AND CANKER. 119 each fomentation wash it with Pond's Extract or Arnica, and apply to it a piece of cotton soaked in the same. If matter is likely to form, put the foot in a large bran or turnip poultice, (See Introductory Section,) which is to be changed night and morn- ing. Continue this until the pain and lameness be- come less, then dress it with Arnica or Extract twice per day, and protect it from dirt by rolling a bandage over the dressing and round the top of the hoof. If quittor remains, it must be treated as di- rected for that disease. Give also morning and night a dose of five drops of the Specific for Ulcers, I I. Should there be much fever and pain, a dose or two of the Fever Specific, A A, will be in place. Thrush and Canker. This disease is an inflammation of the lower sur- face of the sensible frog, which secretes matter of a peculiar offensive smell instead of healthy horn. The matter issues from the cleft of the frog. In a sound frog the cleft is shallow, but when contracted or otherwise diseased, the cleft deepens even to the sensible horn within, and through this the matter issues. Afterwards the discharge becomes more abundant and offensive ; the frog wears off, and a fresh growth of horn fails to appear ; it then be- comes thin, shriveled, contracted, and fissured ; and as the disease extends, the matter becomes still more fetid, and may terminate in a yet more unmanage- able form of disease, namely, canker. In Thrush the frog is painful when pressed upon by the thumb or pincers, or when the animal treads upon a stone. As a consequence of neglected thrush, the horn may separate from the sensible part of the foot, and un- 120 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. healthy vegetations, proud-flesh, fungous matter, spring up, occupying a portion or the whole of the sole and frog, and finally involving frog, sole, and bars in a mass of rank putrefaction, constituting the worst form of canker. Treatment. — As thrush is often caused by un- cleanliness and constant moisture of the feet, the greatest care must be taken to keep them dry and clean, and especially from dung and urine. If con- nected with contracted fore-feet, particular care must be given to shoeing. The frog should be carefully pared down and all loose, ragged portions removed in order to pre- vent the accumulation of matter and dirt. The dis- charge wiped off by means of tow pressed down into the cleft with a thin piece of wood. Then smear the frog and cleft with a mixture composed of half an ounce of sulphate of copper^ (blue vitriol,) and six ounces of tar made into a paste. A small piece of tow dipped in this mixture should also be placed in the cleft, or, whatever part of the frog a sinus ex- ists. In some cases repeat the dressing daily — in others, once in two or three days is sufficient. If the dressing is properly applied, it will not fall out or admit the entrance of dirt. Should the frog be extensively diseased, a bar-shoe may be necessary, and the dressing will then be kept in place by the cross-bar of iron, or a leather sole may be used 1 under the shoe. Throughout the treatment give five drops of the Specific for Ulcers, 1 1, each morning and night. ■ CHAPTER V1XL GEHERAL DISEASES. Rheumatism. This is a fir more common disease of the horse than has generally been supposed. It is quite com- mon in old horses, and in younger ones that have been exposed or over-worked. Cold and damp, and exposure to draughts of cold air when heated, or during and after severe effort, are among the most common causes. Symptoms. — It usually begins with a shivering chill, hot skin and mouth. The horse becomes lame and stifi all over, and several joints seem affected at once, so that he can not move from the first, or else it soon becomes confined to one joint or leg ; the joint or limb becomes very hot, swelled, and exceedingly painful ; the pulse is quicker at one time than another, or stops now and then for a mo- ment or two ; the breathing is quick ; sweats break out, and the animal becomes weak. When the dis- ease attacks the fore-legs, farriers call it " chest- founder ;" and when it attacks the loins, the back is raised and belly tucked up, and it is known as " loin- bound." Rheumatism not unfrequently shifts from one place to another, especially if the animal is ex- posed to wet and cold. 11 122 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. Treatment. — If there should be considerable heat and fever, give first the Fever Specieic, A A, a dose of five drops every two or three hours, until the heat has been partially subdued, or until six doses have been given. Then alternate the Specific for Rheumatism, B B, with that for Fever, A A, every three or four hours, a dose of five drops until the animal is restored. If a limb or joint is painful, hot, and 'swelled, bathe it in Pond's Extract night and morning, and to flannel bandage the limb will also be of great service, in addition to the inter- nal medicines. If at any time a horse shows symptoms of stiffness or lameness, five drops of the Rheumatic Specific, B B, night and morning, will soon remove it. Fever. We understand by pure or idiopathic fever, in- creased arterial excitement, attended with heat, without local inflammation. Symptomatic fever has the same heat and increased circulation attended with local inflammation or disorganization of some part, of which the fever is merely symptomatic. Bad management in the stable, impure and un whole- seme food, bad air or confinement, are the usual causes of fevers. Symptoms. — It generally begins with a cold, shiv- ering chill, or repeated chills, although this is not essential, or may readily be overlooked. The horse is dull, unwilling to move, has a staring coat, and cold feet and legs. This is succeeded by warmth of the body ; unequal distribution of warmth in the legs ; one hot and the other three cold, or one un- naturally warm and the others unusually cold, but 123 not the corpse-like coldness of inflammation of the lungs; the pulse is soft, quick, and often indistinct ; the breathing somewhat laborious ; but no cough or pawing or looking at the flanks. The animal will scarcely eat, and is very costive. While the state of pure fever continues, the shivering fit returns every day at nearly the same hour, and that is suc- ceeded by a warm one, and that often by a degree of perspiration ; and these may alternate for several days until local inflammation appears or the fever subsides. No horse dies of pure fever. If inflammation of the lungs, bowels, or feet does not set in, he will recover. Symptomatic Fever is the result of some local inflammation or disorganization, or the result of in- jury, wound, etc. ISTo organ or part can long seri- ously suffer, without bringing the system into sym- pathetic suffering, which generally manifests itself by irritative fever, which of course disappears when the local irritation is removed. Treatment. — In all cases of Fever the Fever Specific, A A, is the first and generally the only medicine required. Give a dose-of five drops at in- tervals of two or three hours at first, and by de- grees at longer intervals, and not only will the fever be removed, but likewise all danger of its lo- cating itself upon some organ or part of the system. Should such localization threaten, the Fever Speci- fic, A A, will still be the appropriate and best me- dicine. 124 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. Strangles or Distemper. This is a disease incident to young horses, gene- rally appearing between the third and fifth year, when the teeth are being shed, and is much more liable to appear in the spring than at any other sea- son of the year. Almost every horse has it, and but once in a lifetime. It is an idiopathic fever, fol- lowed by discharges in various parts of the body, generally under the jaw. Symptoms. — The disease begins with symptoms of a common cold ; the horse is dull and depressed, eats little or no food, coughs now and then; the coat stares, the pulse is slightly quickened, the mouth becomes hot and dry, and afterwards frothy fluid comes from it ; the throat sore, the nose red, and matter flows from it. The glands under the jaw become swelled, hot, and painful, to such an extent as to cause " quidding," and so much difficul- ty of breathing, that the horse seems almost suffo- cated. The swelling, which occupies the center of the jaw, nearly filling its hollow, is an uniform body, (in distinction from glanders,) becomes larger and softer until it bursts and matter flows out. From this time the animal begins to recover and soon gets well. In some cases, however, the horse does not get well so quickly, for after the abscess in the gland has burst, others form upon the back, shoul- ders, legs, breast, or about the neck and jaws, and even internally. This form is termed irregular strangles. Strangles is said not to be contagious. GLANDERS AND FARCY. 125 Teeatmext. — At the first when there is fever, hot and dry mouth, and glands swelled and painful, a few doses of the Fevee Specific, A A, will reduce the fever and swelling, and the disease will run a milder course. Afterwards, the Specific for Distempee, C C, should be given, a dose of five drops three or four times per day during the hight of the disease, and afterwards at longer intervals, until entire restora- tion. When the tumor under the jaw becomes hard, large, and painful, and suppuration is inevitable, a bran poultice applied warm night and morning, will hasten suppuration so that it will break of itself or may be readily opened. G-landers and Farcy. We prefer treating these two diseases in connec- tion, persuaded they are one and the same — excited from a common cause, running a similar course, while the contagion of the one will produce the other, and vice versa. The disease is termed Glan- ders, when principally confined to the nose, and called Farcy when manifesting itself in the lym- phatics. It is usually considered as the result of contagion, but want of food, bad food, bad keeping, impure air in too close stabling will generate it. Symptoms of Glanders. — Constant discharge from one or both nostrils, more frequently from one, and that the left ; the* discharge is at first thin and watery, afterwards thick like the white of egg. It may continue in this way for some time, or it soon becomes more mattery, sticky, then greenish or yel- 11* 126 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMCEOPATHY. lowish, or mixed with streaks of blood, and having a bad smell. Soon after this discharge is noticed, the glands under the jaw become painful and swol- len, and one of them appears fixed to the jaw-bone. Then the membrane lining the inside of the nose has a yellowish or leaden color, which is considered characteristic of the disease ; small bladders are no- ticed upon it, which afterwards are changed to ulcers ; these have sharp borders, and spread and deepen until the gristle and bones beneath become ulcerated. When ulcers appear upon the membrane of the nose, the constitution of the horse is evi- dently involved ; he loses flesh ; his belly is tucked up ; coat unthrifty and readily comes oft"; the appe- tite impaired ; the strength fails ; cough more or less urgent may be heard, the lungs become filled with abscesses, wasting goes on, and the animal soon dies. Farcy. — Upon the face, lips, and other portions of the body, but especially upon the legs, hard, painful, and hot lumps are felt, which are called Farcy buds ; they increase in size, with pain and heat, until the ulceration works through the skin and a thin discharge flows out. Between these lumps along the course of the lymphatics, hardened cords are felt ; the groin, inside the thighs, and space between the forelegs and chest, become, from the tumefaction of these lymphatics, swelled and very painful ; the legs are swelled, together with the usual discharge of glanders. INFLAMMATION OF THE LYMPHATICS. 127 Treatment. — The Specific for Distemper, C C, is the best remedy for either form of this disease, and should be given a dose of five drops four times per day. During convalescence it need not be re- peated so often. Should a suspicious discharge appear at the nose, a dose morning and night will usually arrest it in a few days, and prevent further mischief. A development of Farcy requires the same treat- ment as for Glanders. Give the Specific for Dis- temper, C C, four times per day. The horse should have good air and good wholesome food. In most cases, the alternation of the Specific for Ulcers, 1 1, and that for Distemper, C C, is very efficient, especially in cases of some standing. 1ST.B. — It should be remembered that a well- marked case of glanders is highly contagious. Not only may the disease be communicated to other ani- mals, but the glandered matter coming in contact with a cut, abraded or sore surface in the human subject, will be liable to evoke a very severe if not fatal case of poisoning. Prudence demands that we should handle such animals with great caution, and a thoroughly glandered animal had much better be killed at once than endanger other animals or the lives of human beings, and the more so as the chance of recovery in such a case is very remote. Inflammation of the Lymphatics, or Weed. In some rare cases . horses suffer from inflamma- tion of the lymphatics manifested by cord-like swell- ings along the course of these vessels. It may be brought on by sudden changes of food, cold and 128 VETERINARY SPECIFIC HOMOEOPATHY. wet weather, sudden over-work after several days of rest, disordered stomach, standing in cold water, exposure to drafts of air, etc. The Symptoms are as follows: The attack is usually sudden, beginning with a cold shivering chill, followed by full, strong, and quick pulse, accel- erated breathing ; hot, dry mouth, and general fever. The local manifestation is on one of the hind- legs, generally the left, or in rare instances, a fore- leg may be affected. The leg is lifted from the ground, is hot and painful to the touch, and swells from above downward. The swelling increases ra- pidly, the leg becomes much larger than the other, the pain increases, and the leg is very sensitive to the touch. Several hard, round, and very painful cord like swellings may be felt on the inside of the leg ; these end in small hardish lumps, and are more painful than the cords. A watery fluid exudes from the skin, and may be seen in drops standing upon the hair. Treatment. — At the commencement foment the limb for an hour, night and morning, with hot water, and afterwards apply some Pond's Extract. The horse should have plenty of exercise, and in most cases may be ordered to his work, continuing the medicine as hereinafter directed. Give three times per day five drops of the Fever Specific, A A. After a few days, the Specific for Indigestion, J J, maybe alternated with the former w r ith advantage. But in general the Fever Specific, A A, w r ill be entirely sufficient. PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA. 129 Purpura Hemorrhagica. Some rare cases of this disease have been ob- served in the horse. It consists essentially of a de- composition of the blood, and loss of power in the capillary vessels, as the result of which, echymosed or black and blue spots appear on the surface, and wherever the mucous membrane can be seen, and hemorrhages occur from various parts of the body and are thrown off with the natural excretions. The inside of the nose is covered with purple spots, as also the inside of the lips. These spots vary in size, and are filled with dark-colored fluid blood, which exudes if they are punctured or scratched. There is diffused swelling over the system, showing itself at the eyelids, breast, flank, belly, quarters, and be- tween the thighs, extending upward. It is attended with weakness and general prostration of the sys- tem, swelling and stiffening of the joints, and sloughing off of the membrane of the nose, or other parts. Treatment. — The Specific for Fever and In- flammation, A A, will be found appropriate in all cases of this disease. Give a' dose of five drops three times per day. Give common food of good quality, less oats and hay, but especially carrots and potatoes. The last are very serviceable. PART II. DISEASES OF CATTLE. CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISEASES. Fever, Quarter Evil, Joint Murrain. This disease, which is quite common, is known in different localities by various terms, as, black quarter, quarter evil, joint murrain, etc. Symptoms. — There are few premonitory symp- toms. Often without any, or with slight indications of previous illness, the animal is found ill ; the neck extended ; the head brought as far as she can effect it into a horizontal position ; the eyes protruded and red; the muzzle dry; the nostrils expanded; the breath hot ; the root of the horns considerably so ; the mouth partly open ; the tongue enlarged, or ap- parently so ; the pulse full, hard, and from 65 to 70 ; the breathing quickened and laborious ; the flanks heaving violently, and the animal moaning in a low peculiar way. FEVER, QUARTER EVIL, JOINT MURRAIN. 131 Sometimes the animal is in full possession of her senses, but generally there is a degree of uncon- sciousness ; she will stand for an hour or more with- out the slightest change of posture ; can scarcely be induced to move, or when compelled to do so, stag- gers, and the staggering is principally referable to the hind-quarters ; rumination has ceased, and the appetite is quite gone. After a time, the animal becomes more uneasy, yet it is ofcener a change of position to ease the limb than a pawing; at length the animal lies down, or rather drops, gets up almost immediately, is soon down again, and de- bility rapidly increasing, she continues prostrate, sometimes comatose, and at others making fruitless attempts to rise. The symptoms rapidly increase, there is no intermission, and the animal dies in from twelve to twenty-four hours. In a majority of cases, the animal seems to rally a little, and symptoms appear which give the local names of the disease. The beast attempts to get up ; after some efforts it may succeed, but is sadly lame in one or both the hind-quarters. If not yet fallen, she is suddenly lame, so lame as scarcely to move, hence she has joint murrain or quarter evil. Tenderness of the loins and back is one of the earliest symptoms and most to be dreaded. The animal will not bear even the slightest pressure on these parts. The case is worse if to this is added swellings about the shoulders, back, and loins, with a peculiar crackling noise, as if from deficient syno- via or joint-oil. Worse than even this is the sudden 132 DISEASES OF CATTLE. appearance of hard scurfy patches of what seems to be dead skin. It is a dry gangrene, and the com- mencement of a process of sloughing extensive and rapid, to an almost inconceivable degree. This forms the black quarter, with all its fearful character- istics. Ulcers first appear about the belly, the quarters, and teats, but spread every where, but particularly about the muzzle and mouth. The tongue is blistered and ulcerated, and there is a discharge of sanious, offens- ive, or bloody fluid from the nose or mouth, or from both. The urine, previously high-colored, now be- comes darker and bloody ; the dung is streaked with blood, and all the excretions are excessively fetid. In this state the animal may remain some days, until it dies, a " mass of putridity." Treatment. — Give five drops of the Specific A A, for Fever, every two hours, for the first twelve hours. This is more especially indicated for the fever, lameness, congestion, etc. After the first twelve hours, unless there is decided improvement, give alternately the Specific I I, for Ulcers, Rot, etc., in doses of five or eight drops al- ternately with that for Fever, every two, three, or four hours, according to the urgency of the case. Continue this treatment without intermission or va- riation, prolonging the intervals between the doses as the animal improves. Vesicular Epizotic. This is an epidemic disease, which has at times invaded various sections of country under somewhat varying forms, sometimes a lingering, and at others a rapidly fatal disease. VESICULAR EPIZOTIC. 133 The symptoms are as follows. The premonitory indications are : dullness ; impaired appetite ; staring and harsh coat ; the muzzle, ears, horns, etc., are cold at one time and hot at another ; the beast shakes all over and feels uneasy, and does not associate with the other cows ; the cud is not chewed as in health. Then the milk is found to be lessened, yellowish and thick; the bag is swollen, hot, and painful when touched ; the back is arched, and she seems uneasy on her feet, and unwilling to move. This attracts attention to the feet, and they are found hot and painful ; the hoof at the top is swelled, and a dis- charge runs from the heels; the eyes look dim, and tears run from them ; the inside of the nose and whites of the eyes look red ; the mouth is dry, and the membrane covering it has little red spots in it, which rise into blisters upon it, over the whole mouth ; they contain a fluid, and increase in size, finally burst, and a sore is left behind, which becomes a deep rugged ulcer. These blisters are also found upon the bag and about the hoofs, especially of the hind-legs ; the hoofs may even fall off, the bones be- come diseased, and other grave results ensue. The appetite becomes more and more impaired ; there is great weakness, wasting, discharge of stringy, bloody fluid from the mouth ; offensive matter run- ning from the nostrils ; swollen face ; bad breath ; quick, grunting breathing; small, weak, quick pulse; dropsy of the belly and legs ; purging, and death. The causes, like those of all epidemic diseases, are involved in some mystery, yet it is indisputable that 12 134 DISEASES OP CATTLE. the disease, having occurred in a place or neighbor- hood, other cattle in the vicinity are more liable to be attacked, and those most so which are in contact or on the same place, and especially those that are poorly kept and housed, or at times exposed to bad weather, bad food, or other depressing influences. This rule applies to all epidemic diseases, whatever may be their particular form or manifestation. Treatment. — To prevent the disease, if prevailing in the place or in the neighborhood, give five drops of the Specific for Distemper, C C, every other night. This will very generally protect the system, or at least modify and lighten an attack, should it come on. To cure the disease: Give five drops of the Spe- cific for Distemper, C C, every four hours, during the earlier stages of the disease, continuing so long as there is an improvement. Should ulcerations have occurred, or blisters have formed on the mouth, bag, legs, etc., it will be better to alternate the Specific for Ulcers, I I, with that for Distemper, C C, at intervals of three or four hours, during the hight of the disease, and at longer intervals as the improvement progresses. The per- severing use of these Specifics will save most cases. Rheumatism. This disease is almost invariably the consequence of cold and wet, or chill after over-exertion. The symptoms are as follows : Dullness; loss of spirits ; disinclination to move, and painful stiffness of the back or joints when mov- ing; loss of appetite ; pain in the back, manifested by the animal flinching when pressed upon ; the LUMBAGO. 135 joints, one or more, become affected, and the animal prefers to lie down, and can not move without great pain and difficulty; the joints, or one or more of them, become swelled, and are also exceedingly hot and tender to the touch. In some cases, there is considerable heat and fever, in others it is but slight. The complaint is quite liable to return from expo- sure, changes of weather, or even the wind blowing from a different quarter. The disease not unfre- quently changes from one joint or limb to another. Treatment. — The Specific for Rheumatism, B B, will cure all the usual forms of this disease, giving five drops three or four times per day, in severe cases, and morning and night in the mild ones. When the disease is ushered in or attended with considerable heat and fever, either during its con- tinuance, or from the first, the Specific for Fever, A A, should be alternated with that for Rheuma- tism, B B, at the intervals mentioned above. The use of these two remedies will control every form of this disease. Lumbago. This is merely a form of Rheumatism, locating itself upon the muscles of the loins. It may be mis- taken for some other or different disease, and hence its symptoms should be known. Symptoms. — After some exposure, especially to cold or wet, or a draft of air, the cow will suddenly become lame of one leg, without other signs to ex- plain the nature of the attack. Another leg may then be affected, while the first one seems better or quite well. Some pain and heat may be discovered 13G DISEASES OF CATTLE. in one of the joints ; and then the muscles of the back show more clearly the location of the disease; or from the first the disease may be referable to this point ; the animal yields and flinches when they are pressed upon, in consequence of the pain ; the beast is not able to walk, or does so very stifly and awk- wardly, in consequence of increased pain from move- ment. They may continue for a time, disappear, and return again, in consequence of new exposure. Treatment. — The Specific for Rheumatism, B B, should be given, a dose of five drops, three times per day. A few doses will promptly relieve. Ophthalmia ; Inflammation of the Eye. Diseased and inflamed eyes in cattle may some- times occur as a result of congestion, from inflam- mation or a cold, but in general from an injury, the result of a blow of a whip, or stick, or from dirt or hay-seed, or some similar substance irritat- ing the eye. Symptoms. — The eyelids are swelled and closed ; tears flow in abundance ; the eye shrinks from the light when the lids are opened ; the white of the eye or conjunctiva is reddish or covered with red veins ; the haw is also red and swollen ; the eye it- self is clouded and covered with a film. Treatment. — Examine the eye for dirt, hay-seed, or other substances, and when found remove them. Bathe the eye with Pond's Extract diluted half and half with soft water, morning and night until the more violent symptoms are removed. Give internally two drops of the Specific for In- flammation, A A, each morning and night. FITS, CONVULSIONS, EPILEPSY. 137 In long-standing cases a dose of the Specific for Ulcers, I I, repeated every few nights, will be found of great value. Fits, Convulsions, Epilepsy. The symptoms of fits are pretty well known. Without any or very trifling warning the beast staggers and falls suddenly to the ground ; he of- ten bellows in the most alarming manner ; then every part of the body is violently convulsed ; the tail is lashed ; the teeth are ground ; the mouth closed, and jaws fastened together; the breathing is quick and attended with heaving at the flanks ; frothy slaver dribbles from the mouth, and the urine and dung are discharged involuntarily. In a few moments the convulsions become less severe, then cease, and the animal soon seems as well as if nothing had happened. Fits are most apt to attack young, vigorous, well- fed cattle, or those that have been much exposed to the direct action of the sun. Treatment. — Little or nothing can be done dur- ing an attack; but as one is likely to be followed by another, the medicine should be given as soon as the attack is well over. Give immediately after the attack five drops of the Specific for Convulsions, A A, and repeat the remedy morning and night for some days. If an animal is subject to these fits, (epilepsy,) re- turning at intervals of a few days or weeks, give alternately at intervals of four or eight days five or six of the Specific for Convulsions, A A, and that for Paealysis, J J, and continue these for some time. 12* 138 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Foul in the Foot, Foot-Rot. Foreign bodies, such as gravel, dirt, stones, etc., especially in moist, low, or marshy places, get into the cleft of the foot, and produce lameness and the following symptoms : There is lameness and swelling of the pasterns, and heat with evident pain ; matter then forms, and unless it is let out, it will extend in all directions under the foot, amd appear at the coronet ; long, narrow ulcers remain and proud flesh springs up from the diseased places. Treatment. — Examine the foot carefully, and remove all foreign substances, dirt, etc., that may be found; then foment the foot with hot water night and morning, and afterwards apply Pond's Extract, and wrap it in a turnip or oatmeal poul- tice ; the hoof should be pared, and those parts of it cut away that may interfere with the escape of matter ; all dead hoof must be removed. The sore must be examined, and if dark and unhealthy, the extract and poultices must be removed from time to time until the dark matter sloughs off. After the ulcer looks clean, apply tar and melted tallow in equal proportions, over which tow must be kept wrapped around to prevent dirt lodging in the wound and causing fresh irritation. These may be renewed if needful until entire recovery. Give also the Specific for Ulcers, 1 1, each night, a dose of five or eight drops. Mange. The disease consists of a violent itching and irri- tation of the surface, and attacks all badly-kept do- mestic animals. It may be caused by over-feeding, HIDEBOUND. 139 or want of wholesome, nutritious food; either extremes may induce it. Thus suddenly changing a cow from a very poor to a rich pasture may in- duce it, or it may be communicated from one cow to another. The symptoms are: great ichiness, so that the animal is continually rubbing herself; the hair falls off, scabs or sores remain in patches on the back and tail especially ; the cow becomes thin ; appe- tite fails ; her milk is reduced in quantity and qual- ity, and she becomes a miserable object. Treatment. — Cleanse the skin by means of a brush, which must not be used for another animal without being thoroughly washed and cleansed, otherwise it will communicate the disease ; after- wards go over again with warm water and soft soap, and carefully dry the surface. Give night and morning five or eight drops of the Specific for Eruptions, 1 1. Should the sore spots not readily heal, apply the Sulphur Ointment. (See Introduction.) '■. Hidebound. This condition, where the skin seems firm, hard, and bound to the parts beneath, is due to some morbid condition of the system rather than a dis- ease of the skin itself. This is most frequently some derangement of the stomach, or some old standing organic disease. Remove these, and the disease dis- appears, and the hide becomes soft and loose. Treatment. — The Specific for Indigestion, III Condition, J J, given five drops morning and night, will generally remove tha difficulty. CHAPTER II. DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. Choryza, or Cold in the Head. This very common affection consists of an irrita- tion, and sometimes inflammation of the lining mem- brane of the nose. It is usually caused by exposure to cold or wet, or too sudden alterations of weather ; it is sometimes the commencement of catarrh, and is most frequent during winter and early spring ; or it may arise from the irritation of dust inhaled during a long journey. Symptoms. — In some cases of cold the irritation is confined to the nose alone, and is then known as choryza. It is manifested by a discharge from the nose, first thin and watery ; afterwards becoming thicker like matter, and corrosive, fretting the skin. If the disease extends along the air-passages, bron- chitis or even inflammation of the lungs results, man- ifested by the cough, fever, and difficulty of breath- ing peculiar to these affections. Treatment. — For mere choryza or cold in the head, give the Specific for Distemper, J J, a dose of five drops morning and night. If symptoms of Fever, Bronchitis, or Pneumonia should be present, interpose a few doses of the Fever Specific, A A, which will promptly relieve. Consult also Bronchitis or Pneumonia. HOOSE, CATARRH, ETC. 141 Hoose ; Catarrh ; or Common Cold Diners from the Choryza as the irritation involves the lining membrane of the entire air-passages. It is most frequent in the changeable weather of spring and fall, when cattle are exposed to frequent alternations of temperature, or when too many cows are crowded together, rendering the air hot and impure. Young beasts and cows after calving are especially subject to hoose. Symptoms. — Dry nose, frequent cough, discharge from the nostrils, stiffness of the limbs, disinclina- tion to move, purging, cold skin, and then hot, im- perfect chewing of the cud, failing of milk, watery eyes, quick pulse and breathing. It is very frequent and very fatal in calves, and requires to be attend- ed to promptly in all cases, or it will end in some more dangerous disease. Treatment. — During the earlier stage, with fever, beat, quick pulse and breathing, give the Fever Specific, A A, a dose of five drops three or four times per day. Should cough and irritation remain, or not yield promptly to the Fever Specific, give the Specific for Cough, the same dose, repeated two or three times daily. For calves, give one third or half as much as for grown cattle. Sore Throat or Pharyngitis. The disease consists of inflammation, with conse- quent swelling and soreness of the top of the gullet or passage between the mouth and stomach. It 142 DISEASES OF CATTLE. arises from the same causes which produce colds, and sometimes assumes an epidemic and very fatal character, especially when spring and fall are very cold and wet, and the animals graze on damp, marshy grounds. It is usually accompanied with catarrh. Symptoms. — Difficulty of swallowing, so that so- lid food is partially chewed and then dropped from the mouth ; fluids are gulped down, or partly re- turn through the nostrils ; or all food may be refus- ed in consequence of the severe pain attending swallowing. The cud is not chewed ; the throat and glands of the neck are swelled, hot, and pain- ful ; the cough is frequent, hoarse, and indicates pain ; the breathing becomes very difficult and la- bored, and the pulse full and quick. Treatment. — Give five drops of the Specific for Sore Throat, A A, every three or four hours, until the force of the disease is broken, then at longer intervals. In some severe or obstinate cases it may be pro- per to alternate the Specific for Distemper, C C, with that for Sore Throat, A A, at intervals of two or three hours. Cough. Cough in the cow is rarely or never a disease of itself; but merely a symptom or attendant of some disease of the respiratory organs, such as Catarrh, Bronchitis, Pleurisy, or Pneumonia, of which it is merely the indication. Its symptomatic importance is such that it always deserves attention, and its cause should at once be carefully investigated. In BRONCHITIS, ETC. 143 some cases very grave alterations may be going on in the lungs, which will escape notice if attention be not directed to it by means of the cough. Examine the animal carefully, ascertain the state of her pulse, breathing, appetite, secretion of milk, etc., and di- rect treatment for such disease as we find to be present. However, in the absence of any special indica- tions, the Specific for Cough, E E, should be given, a dose of five drops morning and night, which will generally relieve and not be out of place in any case. Bronchitis, Inflammation of the Bronchial Tubes. This disease is usually the result of exposure to cold and wet, or sudden changes of temperature ; it is almost always preceded by a common cold which has been neglected or overlooked. Symptoms. — Cough, which becomes by degrees more painful, frequent, and husky ; the countenance becomes anxious and distressed ; the breathing is quick, heaving, and obstructed, in consequence of tough tenacious phlegm ; unwillingness to move ; the breath is hot ; the cough is increased by moving about, occurs in fits, and is wheezing in character ; no food is eaten ; the animal wastes ; skin becomes dry, and is bound to the ribs ; the coat stares anil looks unthrifty. The animal may die from exten- sion of the disease to \he substance of the lungs, as in " lung disease." Treatment. — The earlier stages of this disease, or catarrh, should be treated at once, as directed un- 144 DISEASES OF CATTLE. der that head. Then a dose or two of the Specific removes all danger. Remove the animal to a warm but well-ventilated stable, and feed on warm mashes and gruel. Give first, at interval of two or four hours, two or three doses of the Specific for Fevee, A A, five drops at a dose. This will allay the heat and fever to some extent. Then alternate at intervals of three to four hours, the Specific for Cough, E E, with that for Fever, A A, and continue this treatment until restored, only that the medicine need not be given so frequently after improvement has pro- gressed. Pleurisy. This disease consists of an inflammation of the delicate membrane which lines the chest, and also is reflected over or covers the lungs. It is caused most frequently by exposure to cold, or from the extension of catarrh. Pleurisy rarely exists alone, but is almost invariably complicated with bronchitis or pneumonia, or both. Symptoms. — The disease generally begins in the same manner as pneumonia, with dullness, loss of appetite, etc. The cough is attended with pain, and seems to be cut short as if the animal tried to stop it ; the breathing is short, seemingly cut off and evidently painful during the passage of the air into the lungs, and is attended with a grunt during its expiration ; the sides are painful when pressed upon ; the skin at the angles of the mouth is wrin- kled ; the shoulders and upper part of the chest are in a constant quiver; the head is stretched out; the eyes are unusually bright ; the tongue hangs out of PNEUMONIA. 145 the mouth, from which frothy slaver is continually flowing. The animal neither eats nor chews the cud ;. she gets weaker and thinner every day, and all the symptoms become more and more severe, until death ensues, often preceded by excessive purging. Treatment. — Give at first the Fever Specific, A A, a dose of five drops every two hours, and con- tinue this the first day. Then alternate the Specific for Inflamed Lungs, E E, with that for Fever, A A, at intervals of two, three, or four hours until the animal is cured. Food and Stabling. — In all serious diseases of the air-passages, Bronchitis, Pleurisy, Pneunomia y etc., the animal should be placed in a dry, comfort- able stable, not too close, and her food should con- sist of bran-mashes, boiled carrots or turnips, meal- gruel, and hay-tea. Good old hay may be given sparingly, but straw and chaff not at all. When the appetite is returning, great care must be taken not to give too much food at once, for if the stomach is overloaded or crammed, disease is almost sure to return and the animal to die in consequence. Give but very sparingly of food until the stomach has fully regained its former power of digestion. Pneumonia, or Inflammation of the Lungs. This is an inflammation of the substance of the lungs, or lights, and is rarely unaccompanied with pleurisy or bronchitia. It is usually brought on by exposure to cold or sudden changes of temperature, or from the extension of a common cold. 13 146 DISEASES OF CATTLE. The Symptoms are as follows : The cow becomes dull, disinclined to move, and hangs her head ; the muzzle is dry ; the mouth hot ; the cough frequent and dry ; the coat rough and staring ; the horns, ears, and feet are hot at one time and cold at an- other ; the breathing is quickened and attended with heaving of the flanks ; the pulse is full and quick ; appetite is gone, and chewing of the cud sus- pended. The thirst is great, bowels bound and dung dark-colored, the spine is tender when pressed upon, the head projected forward and eyes staring ; tears flow down the face ; the teeth are ground ; a discharge flows from the nose, at first clear and wa- tery, afterwards red and containing some blood ; the breathing becomes quicker, more difficult, and labored as the disease advances ; the cough comes on in fits ; the nostrils are widened, and play to their utmost limit ; the body is covered with sweat ; the pulse becomes weaker and increased in frequency, and these symptoms increase in violence and become gradually worse until the animal dies. Treatment. — Give, the first twelve or twenty-four hours, the Specific for Fever, A A, a dose of five drops every two hours. After the fever and heat have been thus in a measure subdued, alternate the Specific for Inflam- ed Lungs, E E, with that for Fever, A A, at inter- vals of three hours, giving as before five drops at a dose. Continue this treatment steadily, except that un- less the case is very critical and urgent, the medicine need not be kept up during the night, but a dose of the Specific, E E, maybe given late in the night and PLEUROPNEUMONIA. 147 be permitted to act undisturbed until the morning ; then go on as before. For food and stabling, consult the article on Pleurisy. l 3) Pleuropneumonia Pulmonary Murrain, Lung Disease. This disease is not at this time a frequent one in the United States, at least, in its more violent or epidemic form. But in Europe and the British Isles it has been known for many years, and has at times raged as a most destructive and fatal epide- mic, sweeping off a large proportion of the stock on a farm, and destroying every animal attacked. Old school treatment has met it and tried its re- sources upon it with much the same results as it has met the cholera or similar new diseases ; and after having assidiously purged, violently blistered and setoned its patients, and tried all its arts upon them, has only seen the victims die a little quicker under such treatment, than without any at all. So much so, that the belief obtains among very many cow-keepers that the disease is utterly incurable. Within the past year it has made its appearance in a section of this country, said to have been im- ported from Holland, and at recent dates was mak- ing sad ravages among the best imported stock of that vicinity. Within a few short months, it has extended in various directions from its first locality. overleaped all precautionary measures, thus far es- sayed for its arrest and removal, and is at this mo- 148 DISEASES OF CATTLE. ment occasioning the greatest alarm. The attempt to stay its progress by a sanitary cordon, and the indiscriminate slaughter of all animals tainted or suspected, though proper in themselves in reasonable limits, it is safe to say will fail, as all such attempts have failed in regard to cholera and similar diseases. Such invasions are only subdued when their true homoeopathic treatment is understood and the pre* ventive measures suggested by the law of Sirailia applied. That this will be the experience in regard to this new enemy we do not hesitate to affirm. According to all experience, it will prevail more or less extensively in this country, and hence, it is well to be acquainted with its symptoms and treatment. Homoeopathy has been very successful in subdu- ing this disease, and we are assured from repeated trials, that all animals maybe saved who are treated in the earlier stages, and even a fair proportion of the extreme cases. Causes. — The causes of such forms of disease are involved in obscurity, but it is well known that cer- tain circumstances strongly predispose to its devel- opment. These are : low, damp, badly-ventilated, ill-drained stables ; swampy, damp, fenny districts, in which there is great decomposition of vegetable matter. It usually prevails at certain seasons of the year, and is most common in the late fall and early spring months, or during damp chilly weather. Some animals are more liable to attack than others ; it is not so frequent and is more manageable in the open country than in extensive close stables in large PLEUROPNEUMONIA. 149 towns, where animals are crowded together, live an unnatural life, and are milked very dry in order to increase the daily yield. Many persons suppose it to arise from some atmospheric condition, similar to that of cholera, and it is generally considered con- tagious, that is, communicated from diseased to healthy cows by contact or immediate contiguity. Symptoms. — These have been found to vary in different epidemics and seasons, nor does every ani- mal attacked present all the symptoms of the entire disease. Yet, taking several animals together, the complete picture of the disease will be found, and each animal will also present sufficient characteristic symptoms to identify the malady. In the first stage the attack has been known to vary, thus : the attack coming on with great violence, and running a rapid course in spite of all treatment ; or, it may come on slowly and insidiously, the animal not seeming very ill until her lungs are diseased beyond all hope of recovery ; or, it may announce itself with violent purging, great weakness, and rapid loss of flesh. The majority of cases, however, present the fol- lowing symptoms : a short, dry, husky cough which is heard only occasionally, and which is highly cha- racteristic of the disease, and when once heard will rarely be mistaken again. The owner says, perhaps, he has heard this " hoose" for two or three days, but has paid no attention to it. On inquiry, we find the animal does not give so much milk as usual, and that it has a slightly yellowish tinge ; the appetite is not much impaired, yet she is careless of her food 13* 150 DISEASES OF CATTLE. and does not lick her dish clean ; when at rest the breathing does not show any departure from its healthy play, but if the animal is moved about or walks some distance, it becomes more frequent, la- bored, and difficult ; the pulse is often healthy in character, although sometimes it is weak and slightly increased in frequency ; the bowels may be confined or purged or quite regular ; the body is sometimes hot, sometimes cold. The cow appears dull and list- less, and when at grass, separates herself from her companions, and lies on the ground when they are feeding. In the Second Stage. — The cough is now more frequent, and thick frothy phlegm dribbles from the mouth ; the breathing is short when the air is taken into the lungs, and long when it is pressed out of them ; the inhalation is attended with much pain, causing the animal to grunt and grate her teeth ; the grunt is heard when the animal is pressing the air out from her lungs ; the pain is evidently in- creased by coughing and change of position, and to lessen it the cough is now suppressed or held back, and is short, and the cow stands fixed in one place. The pain is owing to the pleura being inflamed, and the inflamed place may be ascertained by pressing the side along between the ribs with the point of the finger, when the animal will flinch and grunt at the diseased place. The pulse becomes quickened and oppressed ; the skin hard, tight, and bound to the ribs ; the horns are hotter and the muzzle drier than usual ; the head is lowered and PLEUROPNEUMONIA. 151 thrust forward, with the nose poked out ; the back is raised up somewhat ; little or no food is eateu ; the cud is seldom or never chewed ; the milk is arrested ; bowels are bound, and when moved, the dung is in hard dry lumps. In the third stage. — The breathing is much more quickened, very difficult, labored, and even gasp- ing ; the breathing is carried on partly through the mouth, partly through the nose ; the breath has a bad smell ; a stringy frothy fluid constantly drib- bles from the mouth ; the cow groans loudly and frequently while the grunt is either gone or sub- dued; the pulse is quick, weak, and in some cases intermittent or even imperceptible ; the horns, ears, and legs are cold, the skin covered with cold sweat, the head and neck stretched out, and the nose poked into the corner of the manger ; the fore-legs are separated from each other, and fixed in one place unless the cow is restless and. uneasy ; sometimes the hind ones are crossed over each other, or the hind fetlock-joints are knuckled forward ; the stop-, page of milk is complete ; the animal is thin and re- duced to a skeleton ; the strength of course greatly impaired, so that she can scarcely cough ; the urine is very high-colored ; towards the last, violent purg- ing comes on, the discharged matter being quite watery, blackish, highly offensive, and sometimes mixed with blood ; eventually the cavity of the chest becomes so full of fluid or so much of the lung is condensed, that the breathing, from being more and more difficult, and labored, and frequent, at last ceases, and the animal is dead. 152 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Treatment. — Preventive Measures. During the prevalence of such a disease, unusual care should be taken of all animals liable to it ; for although a con- tagion may be in the atmosphere or conveyed by contact, yet some untoward circumstance, such as cold, a chill, exposure, or bad food or ventilation, always provokes the attack ; hence, at such times especial care should be exercised, that food, hous- ing, and general management should be unexcep- tionable. Give, also; an exposed animal the Specific for Inflamed Lungs, E E, a dose of five or eight drops every night or every second night, experience having abundantly shown that the Specific for a dis- ease always acts as a preventive when given before the attach. Medicines if specific and thus given, are as surely protective as is vaccination a preventive of the small-pox. At the first indications of the disease, the "hoose," which may be a day or two before any other symp- toms, give the Specific for Cough, E E, and repeat it two or three times per day, a dose of five drops, and the disease will go no farther. Should the disease have manifested itself with some violence, cough, breathing more or less labor- ed and painful, manifested with the grunt, give the Specific for Fever, A A, every two hours, for twelve hours, and then alternate it with the Specific for Inflamed Lungs, E E, at intervals of two or three hours. In the fully developed cases of the disease, when there is less heat and fever, but great weakness, wheezing, short difficult breathing, small quick weak pulse, cold clammy sweats, cold extremities, or with violent purging of blackish offensive matter, omit the Fever Specific, A A, and give instead every two hours, first the Specific for Inflamed Lungs, PLEUROPNEUMONIA. 153 E E, a dose of five or eight drops, and the next two hours the Specific, I I, for Ulcerations, a dose also of five or eight drops, and thus continue the two remedies alternately. This is the treatment for all the more advanced, confirmed, or malignant forms of this disease, the one remedy correspond- ing to the local affection of the lung and pleura, and the other to the malignant and septic character of the general affection. The existence of dark, fetid, and bloody dis- charges, is no contra'-indication for the use of these Specifics, which are fully adapted to that condition. Food and stabling should be carefully directed, as under the article on Pleurisy, page 145. Diseased cattle should at once be removed from the healthy stock, and be housed by themselves at some distance from the rest of the herd. The sta- ble should be dry and well ventilated ; air and light should be freely admitted, although all draughts are highly injurious, and must be guarded against. CHAPTER III. DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION. Loss of the Cud. This is a mere symptom which accompanies many- diseases, and even morbid conditions, which scarcely deserve the name of disease, and will yield with the removal of the ailment of which it is a mere symp- tom. Sometimes it may be present when nothing else is sufficiently tangible to warrant treatment, or it may continue after the disease otherwise seems to have been removed. Treatment. — In any case in which it appears to exist independently, or to be the principal symptom, give five drops of the Specific for Indigestion, J J, morning and night. The cud will soon return. Colic. This disease is not so dangerous as tympanitis, yet it may prove fatal from bad treatment or neglect. It is generally the result of improper or indigestible food, or food in too great quantity, or that to which the animal is not accustomed. If colic comes on, after indigestible food, it is accompanied by consti- pation and thirst. Certain kinds of food, such as grains, oats, decayed turnips or cabbages, or dry CONSTIPATION. 155 food, are liable to induce it, or it may arise from ex- posure to cold, when the body is warm, or from cold drinking with heated body. Symptoms. — Sudden manifestation of pain in the belly, by uneasiness, pawing the ground, striking the belly with the hind legs or horns, often lying down and then rising, grinding the teeth, and moaning. When caused by wind, the belly is much swelled on the left side ; and there is frequent passage of flatus. The animal's back is arched, and she frequently looks at her flanks, scrapes with her fore-feet, and kicks with the hind ones. All these symptoms increase, until she expires amid groans and grinding of the teeth. Treatment. — The Specific for Colic, F F, will almost invariably be found successful. Give a dose of five or eight drops, every half-hour, until relieved. If not better after a few doses, and should there be fever, alternate the Specific A A, for Fever, with that for Colic, at the same intervals. Constipation. This is rarely of grave consequence in cattle, and when it exists, is usually a symptom of some other disease. When present, a dose of five drops of the Specific for Indigestiont, J J, given morning and night, will soon set all right again. If there is sus- picion of some inflammatory condition lurking in the system, the Fever Specific, A A, will have the like effect. 156 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Hoove or Blown, Over-fed. The most frequent cause is turning an animal into rich pasture, when the stomach, from over-eating, becomes so distended as not to be able to act upon its contents. The food then undergoes chemical changes, in the process of which an immense amount of gas or wind is generated, producing swelling, dis- tension, etc. ; drinking very cold water, and espe- cially eating too much bran, chaff, grains, oats, wheat, corn, is followed by similar consequences, in an intensified degree. Symptoms. — The disease is known by the animal being swelled, or " blown" over the whole belly, but especially at the stomach and left side, where the distended stomach lies ; the swelling yields to the finger, and gives a hollow drum-like sound when struck ; there are sour or noisome belchings of wind ; the cow does not move, moans and breathes with difficulty, neither eats nor chews the cud. As the disease progresses, the pulse becomes full and hard, and quicker than before ; the eyes are red and protruded; the mouth is filled with frothy slaver, and the tongue hangs out ; the back is crouched, and legs drawn under the body ; the cow becomes insen- sible when the swelling is at its hight ; she stands in one place, continually moaning or grunting; she falls and struggles violently ; sour fluid mixed with food rises from the stomach, and is discharged from her nostrils and mouth, and at last death. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Colic, F F, every fifteen minutes, a dose of five or eight drops. DIARRHEA, SCOURING. 157 After an hour, alternate it with the Specific for In- digestion, J J, at the same intervals ; and when better, prolong the intervals to half an hour, hour, and two hours successively. In some extreme cases, when, as from eating new clover, the production of gas is immense, and the animal rapidly growing worse, the trocar, or even a narrow-bladed knife, may be used, to afford immediate relief. It must be plunged inward and downward into the paunch, on the left side of the belly, midway between the last rib and the haunch-bone. This is only a resource in extremity, as the Specifics in all such cases act promptly and perfectly. Diarrhea, Scouring. Diarrhea is more common in old cattle and calves than in those of middle age ; when it is generally of little importance, soon correcting itself, especially in the spring, when herds are first turned into green fields. The usual causes are, decayed cabbages, bad grains, or other improper food or impure water; sudden change to rich pastures ; the use of purga- tive medicines ; exposure to cold and wet ; acrid bile ; sudden change from dry to wet weather, or severe exertion in hot dry weather. Symptoms. — The disease comes on slowly, with staring coat, shaking, arched back, fore-legs drawn together, cold legs, ears, and horns, weak pulse, tucked-up belly, bowels rather looser than usual, deficient appetite. The animal becomes thinner, more depressed and dull ; little or no milk is given, and the bowels are purged to an alarming extent. This purging may stop, and then reappear to end fatally, or terminate in dysentery. 14 158 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Treatment. — We should of course give food not so loosening in its character, and the Specific for Diarrhea, F F, a dose of five drops, two or three times per day, will usually be found quite suf- ficient. In extreme cases, or in case of failure with this remedy, the Specific for Ulcers, I I, may be alternated with it, at the same or even more frequent intervals. Diarrhea, or Skit in Calves. This disease is quite common, and sometimes dan- gerous. It may be produced by sudden change of food, too much or too little food, or from some pe- culiarity in the mother's milk. It may sometimes be the natural means of throwing off something that is injurious to the calf, and hence it would be improper to arrest it. Only when the animal becomes weak, off its food, does not chew the cud, w r hen there are pains in the belly, or the dung is slimy or mixed with blood, or the discharge is like cream, with wast- ing of the body, are we imperatively called upon to interfere. Treatment. — Give three drops of the Specific for Diarrhea, F F, two or three times per day. If it does not yield promptly, interpose a dose or two of the Specific for Ulcers, 1 1, between the others. Food — No green food, but gruel of flour or starch, or cooked milk. Dysentery, Bloody Flux. This is a very severe and often fatal form of dis- ease, which prevails mostly in spring and fall ; and in some sections of country, and in peculiar states of the weather and growth of feed, becomes a most DYSENTERY, BLOODY FLUX. 159 destructive scourge. It is usually attributed to feed growing upon wet or marshy grounds, or grounds sometimes under water; or to rank grass growing in the woods ; or drink from impure, still, and stag- nant waters. It appears when animals are exposed to alternations of hot or cold weather, live upon bad food, or are over-driven. It is seen in cattle driven a long distance, and insufficiently or badly fed, or with food to which they are not accustomed. Poor and fat cattle are alike subject to it ; it comes on after " hoose," or the disappearance of some skin disease, or sudden stoppage of milk, or as a termination of diarrhea. Symptoms. — Shaking, dullness, anxiety, dry skin, slightly rough hair, and general uneasiness. In some cases, the bow^els seem bound, the dung hard, dry, in small lumps, and the discharge attended with pain; in others the dung is soft, discharged fre- quently, and the animal wastes', and loses appetite and spirits. In others again, the purging is almost constant, attended with pain, gripes, straining, and forcing out of the fundament. In this stage the dis- charge is watery, mixed with white shreds, or dark- colored blood, with little or no dung, and attended with a horribly bad smell. These violent symptoms may disappear, but the purging and wasting con- tinue as bad as ever, or stop for a short time, and then return again, and continue until the animal is worn out by the constant drain ; or the dysenteric discharges are arrested and improvement begins and goes on slowly. In some extreme cases, the wasting 160 DISEASES OF CATTLE. is so excessive that the animal is reduced to a mere bag of bones, the joints swelled, body covered with sores, strength gone, eyes hollow and dim, parts under the jaw enlarged, body covered with vermin, discharges mixed with blood, and horribly offensive, and the skin bedewed with cold sweat. Such ex- treme cases are often hopeless. Treatment. — Give five drops of the Specific for Dysentery, F F, every three hours, or even more frequently in the more urgent cases. In the extreme cases, with great prostration and weakness, alternate the Specific for Ulcers, I I, with that for Dysentery, F F, at intervals of two or three hours, and continue this course patiently, prolonging the intervals between the doses as the animal im- proves. Irregular Teeth May be looked for if an animal presents the fol- lowing symptoms : . The beast becoming thinner gradually, and eating less food than usual; slaver dribbling from the mouth along with half-chewed food, especially while the cow is cudding ; she is " hoven" at different times ; a bad smell comes from the mouth, arising from ulceration of the side of the cheek, caused by irregular teeth. Treatment. — The mouth must be carefully exam- ined, and all long or irregular teeth must be short- ened and smoothed by means of the tooth-rasp. Jaundice, the Yellows. This may be caused by torpidity of the liver it- self, or obstruction of the gall-duct, in consequence JAUNDICE, THE YELLOWS. 161 of hardened bile (gall-stones) filling up the passage, or from the presence of the fluke-worm in the gall- duct; or it may arise from inflammation or other disease of the liver. Symptoms. — These will vary from the progress and severity of the disease, and the causes which produce it, but will essentially be as follows : In some cases the pulse is full, hard, and accelerated ; the breathing quickened, with panting at the flanks, thirst, hot mouth, scanty urine, loss of cud and ap- petite, and other symptoms of fever. In other cases there is loss of spirits, dullness, or sleepiness unwill- ingness to move, and weakness ; the body wastes and shows other signs of impaired condition; the eyes, skin, and urine are at first tinged with yellow, which afterwards becomes deeper and more distinct; scales form on the skin; the bowels are at first con- fined, but purging afterwards comes on, and may be so rapid and excessive that it can not be arrested, and the animal dies in consequence. The milk also becomes yellowish and somewhat bitter. Treatment. — The Specific for Jaundice, J J, may be given, five drops, morning and night, in the tor- pid cases, when there is little or no fever. But when fever and hot mouth are present, alternate the Specific for Fever, A A, with that for Jaundice, J J, four times per day. If a violent purging comes on, give five drops of the Specific for Diarrhea, F F, every hour or two, until relieved — and then return to the Specific for Jaundice, 1 1. 14* 162 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Hepatitis, Inflammation of the Liver. This disease is more common in oxen than in horses. It is rarely seen except in winter, and in animals fed in the stable. It may be mistaken for inflammation of the chest, to which it has some re- semblance. Symptoms. — The animal prefers lying down, but always on the left side, and with the head turned to the right. The heat is greater in the region of the liver, on the right side, and pressure there induces pain ; the animal eats little or nothing, and can not walk or stand up without pain, constantly stumbling. If the disease is acute, there is high fever, with in- creased heat of body and accelerated pulse ; the horns and ears are alternately hot and cold ; the milk is yellowish and bitter, portions of the skin are denuded of hair ; the eyes, mouth, gums, and tongue, (which is covered with thick mucus,) the nose and teats are yelloio; the urine is of deep yellow color; and there is sometimes a dry and painful cough. In chronic hepatitis, the fever is inconsiderable or want- ing altogether, but the yellow tint is more marked and general ; the milk equally yellow and bitter, soon forms a caseous mass, from which a yellow serum separates ; the right side of the body seems tense and swollen ; the intestines do not empty themselves, or the scanty dejections resemble putty or clay. The acute form lasts from eight to fifteen days, and the chronic many months. 16o Treatment. — In the more acute form, attended with heat and fever, the Specific for Fever, A A, should be given, a dose of five drops, four times per day. In the chronic form, the Fever Specific, A A, may- be given each morning, and that for Indigestion, J J, each evening, which will usually be found suffi- cient. Gloss Anthrax, Blain, Black Tongue. This is an epidemic, and sometimes fearfully fatal, disease, which has prevailed under different modifi- cations, at various seasons, in different sections of country. It appears to have its origin in some pe- culiar atmospheric conditions, favored doubtless by exposure or impoverished keeping, and is then propa- gated from diseased to healthy animals. It is most common in spring and fall. Symptoms. — The animal appears low-spirited, dull, and does not eat or chew the cud; a clear fluid with- out smell, constantly flows from the mouth ; the head and neck constantly swell, until they are much in- creased in size ; the breathing becomes difficult and obstructed, in some cases so much so that the animal can not breathe, and death results early from suffo- cation; the fluid from the mouth becomes like mat- ter, or is mixed with blood, and of very disagreeable odor; the tongue becomes swollen, and its sides covered with large red blisters, which rapidly in- crease in size, and at* last burst, discharging their contents, and leaving deep sores, which are apt to mortify. Other blisters successively arise, and run 164 DISEASES OF CATTLE. the same course. Symptoms of low fever come on, the whole of the tongue becomes inflamed and swelled ; at last a portion of it mortifies, turns black, and the animal dies, sometimes within a few hours from the beginning of the disease. Treatment. — The diseased animal must be re- moved from the herd, and care be taken to prevent healthy animals being affected, by not using the same dishes or articles for both. The attendant should be careful not to get the fluid from the mouth upon any sore on the hand or person, or he will be likely to suffer. The blisters forming on the tongue or mouth of the animal should be opened freely as early as possible. Food. — As the cow can not swallow, on account of the pain and swelling of the tongue, gruel should be horned down occasionally during the day. Some should also be placed before her, so that she may take it if she feels disposed. Give the Specific for Distemper, C C, a dose of five or eight drops, every one, two, or three hours, according to the intensity of the disease. No other remedy so perfectly meets the case, and no other proves so efficient. Splenitis, or Inflammation of the Spleen. Splenitis is rarely observed in oxen except in cold, damp weather, and differs from carbuncle or ty- phus, but occasions death no less rapidly. Its prom- inent symptom is a brownish color of the tongue. It is most frequent among working cattle, especially if put to labor soon after eating, and before they have had time to chew the cud. Symptoms. — It generally begins with symptoms of pain in the belly, attended with quickened breath- SPLENITIS. 165 ing and heaving at the flanks ; pain is manifested at the upper part of the flanks when pressed upon ; the muzzle is dry and roughened, and the tongue brownish ; there are frequent low moanings ; no appetite or chewing of the cud ; a swelling will be found at the left side and flank, which may be mis- taken for hoove ; but the two diseases will be dis- tinguished by noticing that in hoove the swelling is greater and conies on veryrapidly, and that when struck upon a clear, hollow, drum-like sound is re- turned, while in inflammation of the spleen the sound is dull and heavy ; the animal is lame when he walks, or he walks with difficulty. Treatment. — The Specific for Fever, A A, will be found to cover the disease perfectly. Give five or eight drops every four hours. CHAPTER IV. DISEASES OF THE URINARY AND GENITAL ORGANS. Dropping after Calving ; Milk Fever ; Puer- peral Fever. This disease is of frequent occurrence, and quite liable to be fatal, unless under proper homoeopathic treatment. It is much more prevalent some sea- sons than others, owing, doubtless, to peculiar atmo- spheric conditions, and more malignant some sea- sons than others. The ordinary methods of treat- ment, purging, bleeding, etc., does far more harm than good, and few cows survive the double inflic- tion of such dosing and disease combined. The proper use of the Homoeopathic Specific, however, rarely fails to restore even in the worst cases. There are certain causes which predispose to this disease, thus fat, stall-fed cows are more liable to it than poor or lean ones ; the complaint is more common in the variable weather of early spring and late fall ; a cow once having the disease is more liable to a return than others. The exciting causes are : exposure to cold and wet ; driving the cow a long journey too soon ; giving too much or too rich food soon after calving. DROPPING AFTER CALVING. 167 Symptoms. — This fever begins shortly after calv- ing, usually within twenty-four hours ; if three or four days pass over, the cow may be considered safe from an attack. The earlier symptoms are: the cow refuses her food or eats only a little of it ; she is depressed, hangs her head and looks dull ; the horns are hot; the nose, instead of being damp with healthy dew, becomes hot and dry ; the urine is scanty ; the bowels are confined, or, if moved, the dung is hard and lumpy ; the pulse is quicker and fuller than in health ; the breathing is quickened and attended with heaving at the flanks. To these warning symptoms are added with more or less rapidity, the more formidable ones which are often first to attract the attention of the owner. The milk is reduced in quantity or entirely stopped ; the eyes glisten, and look bright and staring ; the white of the eye is covered with numerous red streaks, or is of a leaden color ; the eye-balls are thrust forward in their sockets, giving the cow a somewhat wild and anxious expression ; the hind- legs seem weak, and are separated a little from each other ; she appears to stand uneasily upon them, resting for a time on one foot and then changing to the other ; this paddling and shifting from one leg to another continues as the difficulty of standing in- creases, until the animal supports herself by leaning against the stall ; she. does not chew the cud ; all discharge from the bearing is stopped ; the calf is neglected ; the pulse becomes slower than before, and the breathing more difficult ; the udder is hard 168 DISEASES OF CATTLE. and swelled, and little or no milk can be drawn from it ; gradually becoming worse, the weakness in the hind-legs increases, so they can no longer support her ; she staggers and sways about, falling at length heavily on the ground ; she struggles, tries to rise again, and may or may not succeed, but in either case soon loses the power of rising, and lies helpless upon the ground. In this stage of the com- plaint the symptoms vary. In some cases we have the following : the cow tosses her head from side to side, writhes her body, and lashes her tail, struggles, stretches out her hind-legs, moans and bellows, and seems to suffer great pain. The breath- ing is also difficult and labored ; the skin covered with clammy sweat ; the paunch enormously swol- len from accumulated gas. Unless this swelling subsides, the breathing becomes more difficult and labored ; the pulse more rapid and oppressed, so as scarcely to be counted ; the legs very cold ; pain is worse ; fetid gas rises from the stomach, and death ensues. In other cases the foregoing symptoms are ab- sent, or exist only in a slight degree ; and we have the following : The cow lies stretched out at full length on her side, or her head is brought to the opposite side, with the nose towards the shoulder, and the chin on the ground; or the head is twisted directly backward, with the nose held out, and the horns upon the shoulder, in the most awkward man- ner. The eyes are dim and glassy ; the pupils are dilated, rounded, and do not contract at the ap- DROPPING AFTER CALVING. 169 proach of light ; the ears drop ; the mouth is partly open ; the lower jaw drops if the head is raised ; she has not the power to hold up the head ; she has lost the sense of feeling, and can scarcely swallow, if at all ; difficult rattling breathing ; pulse weak, slow, and intermittent, or even imperceptible ; horns, legs, and surface cold and chilly ; swelling of the belly increases; udder swelled, hard, and some- times red on the outside ; in some cases dung and urine suppressed. All these symptoms become worse by degrees, and unless relieved, death ensues generally within two days from the attack— some- times in a few hours. Treatment.— The symptoms of this disease ap- pear so suddenly, and run so rapid a course, that if the disease is prevailing, or there is reason from any cause to apprehend it, the cow should be watch- ed about the time of calving, and a dose or two of the Fever Specific, A A, should be given soon after This will act as a preventive, and arrest any premonitions of the disease, and we would counsel its continuance ; at least an occasional dose morning and night for two or three days. It wall favor the early and feverless production of milk, and prevent the formation of fever. Should the disease have made its appearance with evident fever, unequal warmth, bloating, suppressed discharge from the bearing, etc., give the Specific for *ever, A A, a dose of five or eight drops every two or three hours until the disease is arrested. This remedy is the appropriate specific for all the stages and forms of this disease, and requires only its faithful employment to relieve and cure even the most formidable cases. 15 170 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Only in the last extremity, with labored breath- ing, extreme bloating, and entire loss or rapid fail- ure of strength, the Specific for Ulcers, 1 1, may be alternated with the Fever Specific, A A, at inter- vals of two hours until the system rallies, when the former medicine may be continued alone. The cow should be placed in a clean, roomy stall, so as to be allowed to rise and to be attended with facility ; laid on clean, dry straw, no dung allowed to remain, and be comfortably clothed according to the season. The milk should be frequently drawn off, and the udder hand-rnbbed. She should lie with the fore-part of her body higher than the hind- er part, or on a level, with her legs under her in a natural position. She must be on her side and sup- ported by bundles of straw, and on no account be allowed to lie out full stretched, in which position she will become worse, and surely die. Small quan- tities of warm gruel are best for food. Abortion or Slinking. The natural period of calving is two hundred and eighty-five days after conception ; if it occurs before this period it is termed an abortion. A cow is most liable to abort between the fifth and eighth mouth. At some seasons, from causes never fully explained, but supposed to be atmospheric, cows are very liable to slink their calves ; and when it occurs in a herd, it is very liable to extend to others, and may become very general, unless proper mea- sures are taken to arrest it. Aside from the endemic or epidemic causes ad- verted to, the more common occasions of slinking are : blows, falls, strains, severe exertions, and in- ABORTION OR SINKING. 171 juries, or other forcible or violent movements ; se- vere illness, such as consumption, hoove, inflamma- tion of the bowels, especially if caused by eating grass covered with hoar frost ; eating herbs which grow in low marshy places ; drinking water impreg- nated with iron ; intercourse with the bull during pregnancy ; exposure to foul smells arising from de- cayed animal matter, especially if it be the cleansing of a cow that has just slunk ; over-fed cows are more liable to miscarry than those in moderate con- dition ; suddenly placing a lean, starved cow upon a rich pasture, or a fat cow upon poor food ; fright may produce it. A cow w r ho has once aborted is almost certain to do so again. Symptoms. — The indications which should warn an owner that his cow is about to miscarry are often unnoticed, unless he is particularly observing. They are as follows : Dullness, loss of spirits, want of ap- petite, loss of cud, more or less complete, arrested secretion of milk, hollow flanks, enlargement of the lower part of the belly, staggering whilst walking, disinclination to move, both when standing up and when lying down, The movements of the calf pre- viously vigorous, become less frequent, and soon cease; the breathing is labored and quickened; a yellowish discharge comes from the vagina ; the belly continues to fall; the cow is feverish and moans occasionally ;. the calf-bed contracts at last, and expels the calf, which is usually dead or dies in a short time. 172 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Treatment. — The cow should be placed by her- self in a well-aired, quiet stable ; food should be light and sloppy ; fat cows should not be fed on rich and stimulating food, while lean ones should receive that which is more nourishing. If the calf is dead, the sooner it passes off the better ; and it should be deeply buried away from the cattle or herd. Give five drops of the Specific for Miscarriage, G G, every four hours. This interval should elapse between doses, as too rapid ones may even defeat the object, by over-ex- citement of the system, while a single dose often arrests a miscarriage at once. If a cow has previously miscarried, she should have every few days along about the time when it may be expected, a dose of the above Specific as a preventive ; or if slinking prevails in a herd or neighborhood, a dose of the Specific for Miscar- riage, G G, given once or twice per week, will ar- rest its progress and prevent miscarriage, a result that can only be achieved by this benign and scien- tific treatment. Cleaning after Calving. In some cases, from torpidity of the calf-bed, the after-birth is retained, which may result in very se- rious consequences. A dose of five drops of the Specific for Miscar- riage, G G, will soon cause its expulsion and the healthy cleaning of the animal. It may be repeated at intervals of four hours, if necessary. Flooding after Calving. Some blood is necessarily lost after calving, and it is only when the amount is excessive or continues SORE TEATS. 173 some time, or threatens to weaken or destroy the animal, that the term flooding can be applied to it. It may be occasioned by injuries received during the process of delivery, or from the calf-bed not sufficiently contracting from atony of that organ. The symptoms need not be described ; any contin- uous flowing from the bearing, before or after de- livery, and especially after the passage of the cleans- ing, should receive medication. Treatment. — The cow should be kept quiet and be permitted to lie down, and five drops of the Spe- cific for Hemorrhage, G G, be given every hour, or even every half-hour in urgent cases. Cold injections, cold wet cloths applied to the loins, or cold water poured upon the belly, are not necessary, and are not without danger. Sore Teats. The teats crack into sores, which become painful, and discharge, the contents mingling with the milk; the pain occasioned during milking renders the cow restive, and soon tends to make her vicious and to keep back her milk ; garget hence is apt to arise from the milk remaining in the udder and causing irritation. Treatment. — The majority of cases will be ra- pidly cured by washing them carefully and gently with warm water, morning and night, and then dressing them with the Pond's Extract, giving, also, morning and night, five drops of the Specific for Ulcers, 1 1. Great care should also be taken to perfectly empty the udder at each milking. 15* 174 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Garget, or Inflammation of the Udder. This is most likely to arise after the first calving, and may be traced to exposure to cold and damp, especially if the cow is in good condition, or from not milking the cow clean, so that the milk remains and causes irritation, or in some cases, the bag may be wounded by lying upon it. Symptoms. — A portion of the bag becomes hot, painful, and swollen ; then little hard lumps can be felt in the teats or in one quarter of the bag ; other parts of it become affected in the same way ; the pulse is full, quick, and hard ; breathing is quicken- ed ; the mouth and horns hot ; bowels bound, and other symptoms of fever are present. If the dis- ease is allowed to go on, the fever becomes more severe ; the cow does not eat or chew the cud ; the swelling, previously hard, becomes soft from the formation of matter ; the milk becomes mixed with matter, and in some cases, with blood. If the mat- ter is not let out, it will spread through the bag, making its way slowly to the skin, through which it at last bursts, leaving deep long ulcers, which heal with difficulty, and in many cases a portion of the udder is lost, as regards its power to produce milk. If this result is avoided by judicious treatment, some hardness may remain which requires time to remove. Treatment. — Keep the udder well milked out, and give the Specific for Fever, A A, five drops four times per day. This will generally disperse the heat, hardness, and inflammation. But should sup- RED WATER. 175 puration have come on, and the abscess point or show a soft spot, lance it, and then give the Specific for Ulcers, 1 1, morning and night, until healed. Red Water. This disease is most common in spring and fall, and most frequent in low, damp places ; it may be brought on by eating certain medicinal plants or by drinking impure water ; sudden changes of weather, or disorders of the stomach and liver, or change of pasture, sometimes induce it, and it is not unfre- quent after calving. Symptoms. — The earlier symptoms, such as dull- ness, loss of appetite, staring coat, dry nose, and tender loins, may not be observed, and the color of the urine may be the first thing to attract attention or indicate the nature of the complaint. The water is at first more or less red ; the breathing is quick, labored, and attended with heaving at the flanks ; the legs, ears, and horns are cold ; the pulse is small and wiry, and the milk is of a reddish hue. As the disease advances, the urine increases in redness, and towards the last becomes yellowish and then quite black ; the pulse becomes weak ; the white of the eye, and every part of the skin that can be seen, are of a brownish yellow color, the animal gradually loses strength and flesh, the eyes are sunken in their sockets, and at last death ensues, preceded in some cases, by excessive purging. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Fever, A A, a dose of five drops three or four times per day. 176 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Should the disease not yield within two or three days, the Fever Specific may be alternated with that for Scanty Urination, H H, three or four times per day. The first-mentioned Specific will, however, generally be found sufficient. Suppressed or Scanty Urination. This is usually the result of some disease of the kidneys or a mere symptom of other morbid con- dition, or it may arise from a paralytic condition of the bladder itself. This condition will generally be promptly relieved by giving a few doses of the Spe- cific for Scanty or Suppressed Urination, H H, at intervals of four, six, or twelve hours, according to the urgency of the case. Inflammation of the Bladder, Cystitis. This disease is not so common in cattle as in horses, but may be occasioned by cold or injuries in the region of the loins. It is manifested by the fol- lowing Symptoms. — The animal constantly keeps the back arched ; the walk is stiff, and the animal when standing leans against something on one side or the other; frequent effort to pass water, but to little purpose, as only a small quantity of deep red color, is passed at a time. The bowels are bound, evacu- ations scanty, and passed with pain. There is no appetite or rumination, but intense thirst ; the eyes are prominent and countenance evinces great dis- tress. INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS, ETC. 177 Treatment. — The Specific for Inflamed Blad- der, H H, will be found perfectly appropriate, and may be repeated in doses of five drops every two or four hours, until entire relief is experienced. Inflammation of the Kidneys, Nephritis. This disease has many symptoms in common with Cystitis, and its treatment scarcely differs. It oc- casionally occurs in cattle, and may be excited by blows upon the loins, calculi, or small stones formed in the kidneys, or by eating poisonous plants, or the use of strong allopathic medicines. Symptoms. — The animal brings the fore-legs to- gether, bends the back downwards, and presses with pain when endeavoring to pass water ; the loins are hot, more so than the remainder of the body, some- times even burning. The rectum is hot, dung scan- ty, and passed with pain. There is great desire to pass water, but only a few drops escape, which is at first limpid, then thick and of deep red color. The gait is stiff, appetite gone, no rumination, but great thirst. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Inflamed Kidneys, II H, a dose of five drops every two, three, or four hours, according to the intensity of the disease. It will be found entirely sufficient. Gonorrhea, Bull-Burnt, Clap. This disease is usually a consequence of diseased organs of the other sex ; or it may be induced in a modified degree from want of cleanliness or from the irritation of repeated acts of coition. 178 DISEASES OF CATTLE. If it arises from contact with the diseased organs of the male, it begins to manifest itself in from two to four days after connection, the first symptoms being a peculiar side-motion of the tail, which is otherwise kept rather close over the fundament ; the bearing is at first swelled and sore, afterwards much more swollen, separated, and red on the in- side ; a mattery discharge sometimes in considerable quantities flows out ; the urine is small in quantity, made very frequently, and with much pain. In the male the sheath is red and swelled ; a con- stant discharge of matter issues from it ; great pain and scalding attend the act of urinating, and the water is voided in small quantities and in a jerking manner. Treatment. — The prepuce or sheath of the bull, and the bearing of the cow should be cleansed and kept clean with tepid water and soap ; after which the parts may be washed with Pond's Extract, and it may be injected, morning and night. Give four times per day five drops of the Specific for Pain- ful Urination, H H, and continue its use two or four times per day until cured. The Specific, H H, will entirely control the disease, yet if time is im- portant we can hasten the cure by means of the Extract as above indicated. PART III. DISEASES OF SHEEP. CHAPTER I. DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. AphthaB or Thrush. Thrush is very frequently connected with foot-rot, either as a symptom or a result. It is manifested by the animal refusing to eat the customary food ; dull- ness ; the cud is not chewed ; frothy, stringy saliva flows from the mouth, which is found, on examina- tion, covered with small blisters, and the animal grows thin and poor. Treatment. — A few doses of the Specific for Dis- temper, C C, given morning and night, will prompt- ly cure. Two or five drops are sufficient for a dose. Hoove, Fog, Blast, Blown. This disease is usually occasioned from eating clo- ver, turnips, etc. 180 DISEASES OF SHEEP. Symptoms. — The whole belly is much enlarged ; the swelling is most manifest at the flanks and on the left side ; the swelling is elastic, and gives a hollow sound when struck ; the breathing is much impeded and very difficult ; the sheep does not eat ; appears drowsy and sleepy ; at last it becomes un- conscious, and then dies. Treatment. — The Specific for Wind Blown, FF, is perfectly appropriate, and maybe repeated every hour until relieved. Five drops may be given as a dose. Enteritis, Inflammation of the Bowels. This disease is manifested by the following symp- toms : violent and constant pain in the bowels, pro- ducing at first uneasiness and then rolling about on the ground ; the sheep almost constantly getting up and lying down again ; it sometimes lies on its back, the ground is pawed, the belly struck with the hind-feet, etc. These symptoms of pain are at- tended with confined bowels, quick pulse, cold legs and nose ; the belly is tender when pressed upon, and the sheep becomes much reduced in flesh and strength. Treatment. — The Specific for Fever, A A, is the appropriate remedy for this disease, and may be given three drops every one, two, or three hours, according to the urgency of the disease. In cases of extreme distress it may be alternated with the Specific for Colic, F F, at intervals of a half-hour or hour, until relieved. But usually, the first-named Specific will be quite sufficient. DIARRHEA, DYSENTERY. 181 9 Diarrhea. Purging is most common in spring, and is then occasioned by fresh grass to which the flock are un- accustomed ; lambs are subject to a severe and often fatal form of this complaint, caused by the irritation of grass eaten for the first time. In some instances it may be occasioned by cold or by a peculiar irrita- tion of the mother's milk. Symptoms. — The disease is manifested by dis- charge of various colors, and sometimes very pro- fuse. It is accompanied with loss of appetite and wasting of flesh. Treatment. — If the discharge is merely the effort of nature to rid the system of some hurtful sub- stance, it will require no interference. But if it is excessive or wasting, two or three drops of the Spe- cific for Diarrhea, F F, given morning and night, will usually be sufficient to arrest the disease. Dysentery, or Flux, Diarrhea not nnfrequently ends in this form of disease ; it is also the result of peculiar atmospheric changes, such as a long term of warm weather abruptly terminating in damp cold ; or it may be produced by using fodder spoiled by excessive mois- ture. Symptoms. — At the commencement there are the usual manifestations of fever, such as dullness, loss of appetite, thirsty dry mouth, increased frequency of pulse, etc. To these are added pain in the belly ; frequent attempts to dung, followed by an abundant discharge of slime, mixed with small pieces of bard 16 182 DISEASES OF SHEEP. dung ; this slime is exceedingly sticky, and adheres to the parts, often binding the tail over the passage, and quite obstructing it ; after the discharge has lasted some time, the animal wastes rapidly until it becomes a skeleton, and the loss of strength is rapid and extreme ; the discharge at last becomes black, mixed with blood, and highly offensive, until the sheep dies, worn out by the excessive drain. Treatment. — The animal should be removed from the causes which have induced the disease ; the slime must be removed from the tail and thighs with warm water and soap, and sand or fine earth sprin- kled on to prevent farther adhesion. Give the Spe- cific for Dysentery, F F, five drops three times per day. Dizziness, Staggers, Sturdy, Turnsick, G-id. This is a very dangerous and not infrequent dis- ease, almost exclusively confined to wool-bearing animals. It is most common in wet, marshy places, and among lambs under a year old. Its immediate cause is the presence of a small worm inclosed in a hydatid or sack of fluid and located either within the substance of the brain, or beneath the bones of the cranium. These hydatids vary in size, number, and position, being found on the right or left side, indicated by the animal turning to the right or left, or in the center of the median line, in which case it may turn to either side, or not at all, the animal carrying the head down. When the hydatid occu- pies the back of the head, the animal holds the head high, and runs straight forward, throwing itself on any object it meets. DIZZINESS, STAGGERS, STURDY, ETC. 183 Symptoms. — As above indicated, the symptoms consist of various forms of turning, whirling around, or standing still, etc. At first, when the hydatids are small, there may be but little or nothing to in- dicate their presence ; but as they grow larger, they press upon the bone and even enlarge or remove a great portion of it. One side of the head may be enormously enlarged, or the bone become quite thin, so that the situation of the cyst may be thus known, and sometimes a small hole may be dis- cerned. The sacks are more frequently on the left side. The first effects are dullness, loss of spirits ; they chew the cud slowly and carelessly ; they keep aloof from the other sheep ; they stagger when walking ; stand before a pool of water looking into it, and sometimes tumble in and are drowned; sometimes w T hen eating they appear as if frightened, and run over the field as if pursued ; the head is held higher or lower or carried on one side ; the body in moving inclines to the same side ; the eyes have a peculiar bluish color ; the sheep appear to wander about, and gradually lose flesh and strength ; then they begin to turn round and round to one side ; seem quite unconscious of every thing around them ; the round and round movements increase until they are almost constant, and the animal at length dies. Treatment. — The old school methods of treat- ment avail nothing for this disease. Even punc- turing 'through the skull into these cysts when their 184 DISEASES OF SHEEP. presence may be known by the swelling, is uncer- tain and very cruel. But Homoeopathic treatment has been very successful. Give the Specific for Fever and Convulsions, A A, a dose of two or five drops every night at first, and then at longer intervals, and the symptoms from these parasites will disappear. CHAPTER II. DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Apoplexy. In consequence of that plethora which is the re- sult of over-feeding in fattening, sheep are quite lia- ble to apoplexy ; and when, in this condition they are driven rapidly some distance in warm weather, they are quite liable to a fit of this disease. Symptoms. — Generally there are some symptoms which indicate that an animal is about to have a fit of this very frequent complaint. These are : dullness ; frequent standing still, or remaining behind the others ; the breathing is quickened ; it seems sleepy and unaware of what is going on around ; the eyes appear as if they were blind ; the pupils are redden- ed and nostrils dilated ; pulse is quick and hard ; the membranes of the nose and eyes are red. Then from standing fixed as it were in one place, it staggers and falls ; then is violently convulsed, and unless relieved death speedily ensues. Treatment. — The Specific for Fever, A A, if given before the convulsion, a dose of three or five drops, will arrest its farther progress. If the fit has taken place, give the medicine at once, and repeat the dose again after the animal gets over it, should it survive the fit. 16* 186 DISEASES OF SHEEP. Encephalitis ; Inflammation of the Brain. This disease may arise from internal causes, but more frequently from sun-stroke, blows upon the head, too plentiful food, etc. Symptoms. — The animal ceases to eat ; hangs its ears and head, which are hot to the touch ; walks along staggering, unconscious whither it goes ; its eyes are bright and red, and projected from the head ; the air it expires is hot ; the breathing short, rapid, and accompanied with violent beating of the flanks; it remains lying down, head stretched on the ground, and, as the disease draws to a close, it ends in convulsions. Treatment. — Give the Fever Specific, A A, a dose of three or five drops every hour during the hight of the disease, and then at longer intervals, as the case improves. CHAPTER III. DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION. Pneumonia ; Inflammation of the Lungs. This disease may be caused by exposure to cold and wet ; too severe weather ; sudden changes of weather ; cold nights and mornings and hot mid- days are apt to induce it. Symptoms. — Want of appetite ; loss of the cud ; dull, staring eyes ; ears are hung down ; the head is held up ; the mouth open ; breathing quick, la- bored, and difficult, with heaving of the flanks ; grating of the teeth ; inside of the nose and white of the eyes much reddened ; a discharge, at first thin and watery, afterwards, mattery and offensive, flows from the nostrils; frequent painful cough, at- tended with rattling in the throat. These symp- toms gradually become more and more severe until the animal dies. Treatment. — The Specific for Fever, A A, will generally be found sufficient. Give a dose of five drops every two hours. Should the disease not yield in a day or two, the Specific for Inflamed Lungs, E E, in doses of five drops, may be alter- nated with it every three hours. CHAPTER IV. DISEASES OF THE FEET. Foot-Rot. This disease is most common in low, marshy places, and results from foreign bodies, such as sand, gravel, sticks, or dirt, getting into the cleft of the foot. Symptoms. — Lameness, swelling of the pasterns, pain, etc. ; matter then forms, and unless it is let out, it will spread in all directions under the foot, and appear at the coronet ; long, narrow ulcers re- main, and proud-flesh springs up from the diseased places. Treatment. — Examine the foot carefully ; re- move all dirt or other foreign matter ; then foment the foot night and morning with hot water for an hour, and then apply a turnip or bran poultice ; the hoof should be pared down, and all the dead parts, or those likely to interfere with the escape of mat- ter, cut away ; afterwards apply Pond's Extract or the Calendula Lotion on a piece of cloth bandaged to the foot, to keep it in place and prevent dirt or other matter getting into the sore. If the parts are healthy, the tar and tallow application (equal parts) is very serviceable. The hoof will then begin to grow, during which care must be taken to prevent dirt lodging in the wound, and causing fresh irrita- tion. A dose of the Specific for Ulcers, I I, every day or two will aid the process. FOUNDER. 189 Founder. Sheep are occasionally foundered from similar causes which produce it in other animals. It is manifested by the following symptoms : It walks slowly ; head depressed ; has no sprightliness ; poor appetite, but great thirst. After a time this slow- ness of walking becomes a rigidity, so that it re- quires great effort for the animal to lie down or get up again. The appetite diminishes and thirst in- creases. In the more advanced stages the eyelids are swollen, the eyes more or less inflamed, and the feet extremely hot ; still farther advanced, there is no appetite, feet are burning and hot, and the an- imal is in so much pain from movement, that it will only walk to satisfy its raging thirst. It drags it- self along often on its knees rather than walks. It moans and groans, there is severe fever, short breath- ing, and severe beating of the flanks. Treatment. — The Specific for Founder, B B, will be quite sufficient in usual cases. Give three drops three times per day, or morning and night if the case is not urgent. CHAPTER V. GENERAL DISEASES. Scab or Pock. This disease, which attacks the same animal but once in life, and by preference the young ones of the flock, is one which sometimes occasions fearful ravages among sheep. It has its regular stages like the small-pox, and may be mild or malignant. Symptoms. — In the mild form, the animal is for two or three clays sad and dejected ; then on differ- ent parts, more particularly on the inner surface of the fore-feet and around the mouth, small red spots appear, whese center is occupied by a pimple, ter- minating in a white point. This stage of eruption is attended with feverish shiverings, heat, especially of the ears and nose ; redness of the eyes and inner mouth ; the animal is melancholy ; head down ; feet close together; lameness especially of the hind parts ; no appetite or cud. The greater the num- ber of pustules the worse the disease. The body is hot ; breathing short ; a clear mucus flows from the mouth ; the parts occupied with pimples, especially the head, swell so that the animal can not open its eyes or mouth ; the fever continues ; the pustules enlarge, and are filled with fluid, first thin, and then 'scab or pock. 191 becoming thick, yellow, and purulent. On the thirteenth day the pustules begin to dry off, fever abates, pus hardens in the pustules, becomes yel- low, then darker, flatten, become scabs, and by de- grees fall off, leaving a dry scar behind. The dry- ing stage lasts from five to seven days. Sometimes this disease assumes a malignant form, iu which the pock are very numerous, running to- gether ; the symptoms violent, irregular, and the pock soon becomes dark-colored. The pustules run together, forming extensive ulcers beneath the wool, frequently destroying the eyes and entire pieces of the lips and face. Treatment. — During the feverish stage for the first five or six days give the Specific for Fever, A A, five drops four times per day. Then give the Specific for Eruptions, 1 1, the same dose morning and night, until the animal is well. This Specific given to the well sheep will so act as to either pre- vent their having it at all, or only in a very mild form. The sound and diseased or suspected sheep should be separated, as the disease is very conta- gious, and easily communicated. If, however, the disease has appeared in a flock with some severity, inoculation is best, quickest, and safest. This may be done on the fore-arm or other part with matter from a fresh pock, merely dipping the lancet in it and inserting it just beneath the skin, not so as to cause the blood to flow, or it may wash it out. The advantage is, that all have it lightly, and get over it in three weeks, otherwise the flock may be six months having it ; and not one per cent of inoculated animals will die. During the disease they should not be kept too warm or be over- fed. 192 DISEASES OF SHEEP. Mange, or Itch Is quite common in sheep, and assumes a variety of forms. It is especially liable to occur in long-con- tinued, rainy, damp weather, and when flocks are long exposed and unsheltered. Small pimples and then vesicles start up, secreting viscid, glutinous fluid ; and in many cases these vesicles run into corroding ulcers, which extend more and more, at tended with violent itching and burning. Treatment. — The infected sheep should be sepa- rated from the flock, and be placed in a dry, shel- tered abode, and given good food and careful at- tendance, and each day give to each unsound or suspected one two drops of the Eruption Specific. If they have been long diseased, it is best to shear them at once. This remedy will generally suffice. In obstinate cases, Dr. Gunther's Balsamus Tere' blathlncB Sulpharatus has been applied with great success. It may be prepared by any one in the fol- lowing manner : Dissolve one part by weight of sulphur in four parts of linseed oil, by boiling them together over a fire. The result of this will be a black-brown elastic oil, of which mix one part by weight with three parts of turpentine .by exposing the two to a gentle heat, and the result is the pre- paration in question, of which give the diseased an- imals two drops each day, and they will soon be well. Rot. The rot generally appears in the autumn of wet summers, and then continues during winter and spring. The progress of the disease is slow, and symptoms as follows : The animal often remains behind the rest of the ROT. 193 flock, and allows itself to be seized without resist- ance ; it walks with a slow gait, with shaking head and depressed ears ; the loins yield to pressure ; the eye is dull and watery ; the eyelids are swollen ; the lips, gums, and palate have a pale tint ; the skin is yellowish, white, and appears puffed, and pits on pressure ; the wool changes color, loses its bright- ness, and easily comes off in large flocks, often tak- ing the skin with it ; the dung is soft ; urine scanty, of deep red color. Gradually there forms on the upper region of the neck, and on the lower jaw, a soft, indolent tumor, which often appears larger on returning from grazing ; sometimes disappears at night, but always returns again by day, and gradu- ally increases in size. By degrees the animal loses appetite, but there is increased thirst ; rumination ceases ; lachrymation becomes more and more abun- dant, and the nose is full of viscid mucus. Then the abdomen swells, with dropsy ; the animal becomes extremely weak, and wastes daily ; remains lying down ; pulse is quick and soft ; and death takes place with convulsions in the midst of diarrhea and progressive coldness of the extremities. In opening the body fluke-worms are often found in the biliary duct and liver, and a large quantity of serum in the chest and abdomen. The blood is pale and watery. Treatment. — The treatment should of course commence by removing all occasional causes of the disease, attending to proper diet, housing, etc. The Specific for Eruptions, I I, will be found perfectly adapted to this cachexy, and may be given in doses of Ave drops two or three times per day. 11 PART IV. DISEASES OF THE HOG. Brain Fever, Frenzy, Inflammmation of the Brain. Under this head are included inflammation of the parts within the skull, the brain and membranes investing it. It occurs chiefly in pigs which are full of blood, exceedingly fat, and fed upon the most stimulating food. Symptoms. — Dullness and depression, less lively than usual, and seldom moving from one place to another. As the disease advances, the white of the eye becomes covered with red streaks, the pulse is increased in frequency, the breathing quickened, the strength reduced, and the animal runs about from one place to another, evidently unconscious and deprived of the power of seeing. Death soon results, usually with convulsions. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Fever, A A, a dose of five drops every two or three hours, ac- cording to the urgency of the disease. STRANGLES OR QUINZY, ANGINA. 195 Strangles or Quinzy, Angina. This disease is as dangerous as it is common, and usually comes on very suddenly. It mostly occurs from sudden changes of weather, want of drinking- water in times of great heat, the use of cold or snow-water. It occurs chiefly in hot, imperfectly ventilated, unclean sties. Fat hogs are more sub- ject to it than others, and healthy pigs are said to be affected from diseased ones. Symptoms. — It begins with swelling of the glands under the throat ; in proportion to the extent of this swelling the breathings becomes rnore difficult and heaving, and the swallowing more painful and obstructed, the pulse is quickened, and a high degree of fever results ; the swelling, at first hard and painful when touched, becomes soft, red, and more extended, and mortification is not an unusual result ; the mouth is hot, slaver flows from it, and the tongue hangs out red and swollen ; the eyes are red, the appetite gone, the teeth are grated, the weakness increases, frequent moans are expressed, and, unless relieved, the swelling increases so as to arrest the breathing, and the animal dies. Treatment. — The Specific for Fever, A A, will generally be found sufficient, and should be given in doses of five drops every two hours during the hight of the disease, and then at longer intervals as the animal improves. In extreme cases, or of a very malignant type with strong tendency to mortification or putridity, the Specific for Ulcers, I I, may be given in alter- nation with that for Fever, A A, at the intervals mentioned. 196 DISEASES OF THE HOG. Sniffles, or Common Cold. This disorder is induced by the same causes as produce it in dogs or sheep — cold wet weather, changes of weather, exposure, etc. Symptoms. — Discharge from the nostrils of thin watery fluid, which gradually increases in quantity, and may be mixed with blood, followed by cough, sneezing, difficult swallowing, obstructed breathing, general weakness, loss of appetite, swelling of the nostrils, and contraction of one side of the snout. It is liable to lead to disease of the lungs, finally ending in consumption. Treatment. — The Specific for Distemper, C C, will be found efficient. Give a dose of five drops two or three times per day. . Only in case of much heat or fever a dose or two of the Fever Specific, A A, may be interposed, or alternated with the former. Inflammation of the Lungs, or Rising of the Lights, This disease may be caused in the hog by the same influences which produce it in other animals, but is very liable to be engendered by the impure air of a sty, when dung and dirty litter are allowed to accumulate and decay ; and is more liable in some conditions of the atmosphere than others. Symptoms. — Shivering of the body, red eyes, hot breath, head stretched forward, quick, panting breathing, full, accelerated pulse, frequent or almost constant cough, with discharge of phlegm, sweating COLIC OR GRIPES, ENTERITIS. 107 in various parts of the body, and tongue thrust from the mouth. All these symptoms increase, and the pig dies. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Fever, A A, every three hours a dose of five drops. Should the disease not yield in the course of forty-eight hours, alternate it with the Specific for Inflamed Lungs, E E, at the same intervals, and continue the two until cured. Colic, or Gripes. This disease is of occasional occurrence in hogs, and is of some moment, as it may terminate in inflammation of the bowels, and result fatally. Symptoms. — Restlessness,^ rolling on the ground, loud cries of pain, and other symptoms indicative of suffering. Treatment. — Give first the Specific for Colic, F F, and if not cured repeat the dose in two hours. If it does not yield, and especially if there is much heat, alternate the Specific A A, for Fever, with that for Colic, F F, dose of five drops at intervals of an hour or two, until relieved. Enteritis, or Inflammation of the Bowels. It may be produced by the same causes which induce it in other animals. It may be known by the following Symptoms. — The usual manifestations of pain in the bowels as in colic, except that the pain is here continuous, and is aggravated by rubbing the belly or by moving from one place to another, great pain when the belly is touched, frequent looking towards 17* 198 DISEASES OF THE HOG. the belly, it squeals with the pain ; other symptoms not differing from that manifested by the dog or sheep. Treatment. — Give the Fever Specific, A A, a dose of five drops every two hours, and continue the treatment until the disease is cured. Some- times when there is extreme pain a dose or two of the Specific for Colic, F F, may be interposed with benefit. Diarrhea, or Purging. The symptoms are so well known as to require no particular description. It may arise from bad food, cold, or exposure. Treatment. — The Specific for Diarrhea, F F, will be found quite sufficient. Give a dose of five drops two or three times per day. Measles. The so-called measles of pigs, or that condition of the skin whence this term is derived, is only the local manifestation of a disease which affects the whole body. The causes are but imperfectly known. Symptoms. — The earlier symptoms are those of fever, namely, hot dry skin, quick pulse, loss of appetite, hot and dry muzzle, swollen eyelids, red eyes, watery running from the nostrils, short dry cough, etc. Then there are red risings on the skin in various parts of the body, but especially between the fore and hind-legs, and in some cases the skin over these parts sloughs or separates in large 199 pieces, leaving angry sores behind, or it simply peels off without leaving any ulcers. Treatment. — In the earlier stage during the fever, and before the eruption has developed itself, give the Specific for Fever, A A, a dose of five drops every three or four hours, and the disease will be arrested. After the eruption has come out, alternate the Specific for Fever with that for Eruptions, I I, in doses of five drops, at intervals of four hours, until cured. Mange. This disease, consisting of an eruption of pimples- and violent itching, is well known, and its success- ful treatment requires the use of the Specific for Eruptions, I I, internally, a dose of five drops morning and night, and the use of the Arsenical Lotion every day. The skin should be well washed and dried before applying the lotion. PART V. DISEASES OF THE DOG CHAPTER I . GENERAL DISEASES. Distemper. This is oue of the most common diseases of the dog, and one that leaves in its train often very serious results. The earlier symptoms are very insidious. There is dullness; loss of appetite, flesh, and strength, may be remarked, while purging and vomiting are not uncommon. To this are added a short husky cough, watery eyes, increased redness of the vessels of the eye, sensibility of the eye to light, increased frequency of the pulse. As the disease advances, the animal shivers with the cold, dislikes to be disturbed, seeks warmth, and courts solitude ; the bowels are confined ; the membrane of the eye covered with a fine net- work of bright red vessels ; a thick discharge of matter flows from the eyes ; the nostrils are covered with a glassy yellowish fluid ; the cough is increased in frequency, DISTEMPER. 201 and comes on in fits, which terminate in the dis- charge of a yellow, frothy fluid from the stomach ; the skin is hot. A later stage is marked by an increase of all the foregoing symptoms. The body wastes, the shi- vering is constant, the eyes are filled with a thick matter, which glues the eyelids together in the morning ; a tenacious matter clogs the nostrils and obstructs the breathing. This causes much uneasi- ness, and frequent but unsuccessful attempts to overcome the cause of annoyance. The discharge from the nostrils becomes bloody and offensive ; the breath is fetid; the lips are covered with ulcers; short cries express pain ; and the animal, becoming weaker and worse in every respect, at last dies ; a severe diarrhea being the usual harbinger of that event. Distemper frequently results in chorea, or St. Vitus' dance, paralysis, disease of the brain, ulcers on the eyes and opacity, inflammation of the lungs, or in numerous other ailments. Treatment. — The earlier stages, before the dis- charge is established, are best contolled by the Specific for Fever, A A, of which give a dose of three or five drops, according to the size of the dog, morning, noon, and night. After the catarrhal stage has come on, give three or five drops of the Sj}ecific for Distemper, C C, four times per day. This will in general carry the animal safely and speedily through this ordeal. Should other diseases declare themselves, they should be treated accordingly. 202 DISEASES OF THE DOG. Inflammation of the Bladder, Cystitis. This disease, which is a very dangerous and pain- ful one, may be caused by stones in the bladder, injuries, fall upon the bladder when it is full of water, or similar accidents. Symptoms. — Hot, dry skin, pain in the back and flanks, thirst, no appetite, restlessness and signs of pain, frequent attempts to pass water, in which either none or only a few drops are passed at a time ; the water may be clear, or thick and mixed with blood. Treatment. — Give first two or three doses of the Specific for Fever, A A, at intervals of two hours, then give the Specific for Inflamed Kidneys and Bladder, H H, a dose of three or five drops, according to the size of the dog, until entirely re- lieved, at intervals of two or three hours. Gonorrhea, Gleet. This disease, which is essentially an inflammation of the urethra, generally arises from taking the dis- ease by connection with another animal that has it, or from repeated acts of sexual connection, which induces irritation followed by a gleety discharge ; or it may arise in a modified form from uncleanli- ness. Symptoms. — Discharge from the internal surface of the sheath and urethra, or canal through which the water flows, consisting of matter having a yel- lowish or greenish color, glueing together the parts or hair about them ; the surface looks red and INFLAMMATION OF THE EYE, ETC. 203 angry, and is attended with swelling and pain ; there is frequent desire to pass water ; sometimes the swelling and pain are but slight. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Inflamed Urethra, H H, a dose of three or five drops, accord- ing to the size of the dog, four times per day. In old cases a dose of the Specific, C C, for Dis- temper, given nightly will be of decided benefit. Inflammation of the Eye, Ophthalmia. It may arise from a variety of causes, such as con- gestion to the brain ; exposure to heat and cold ; over-exertion ; blows or other injuries ; over-salted food, etc. » Symptoms. — The white of the eye is covered with red streaks ; the clear portion in front (pupil) is dim ; water runs down the face ; the light can not be endured, and the eyelid is closed. An ulcer may appear afterwards in the front of the eye, and it may go on until it penetrates through the Outer coating of the eye, (or cornea,) and the fluids of the eye thus escape. In some cases proud flesh springs up from these ulcers. Treatment. — The Specific A A, for Inflamma- tion should be given, a dose of two drops, only two or three times per day. This in general will be suf- ficient for all forms of Ophthalmia ; but if the case is of some standing, or if ulcers or degenerations have taken place, two drops of the Specific for Ulcers, 1 1, may be given every night, and that for Inflam- mations in the morning, with the best possible results. 204 DISEASES OF THE DOG. A wash of Pond's Extract diluted one half with soft water, will promptly relieve, and also accelerate the cure. Canker in the Ear. This disease consists of an inflammation of the in- ternal ear, followed by ulceration and the formation of matter. It is usually the consequence of some in- jury, but may also result from excess of food and want of exercise, or from frequent and sudden ex- posure, as in case of dogs taught to go in the water, among whom it is quite common ; fat dogs are more subject to it than others. Symptoms. — The dog manifests pajn by shaking his head, scratching his ears, or whining. The in- ternal ear looks red, afterwards may ulcerate ; a dis- charge occurs, and a blackish fluid will be found at the bottom of the ear, sometimes in considerable quantity ; there is high fever, which, with the con- tinuance of the discharge, may w T ear out the dog. Treatment. — Wash the ear frequently with warm water, to carefully remove the discharge ; afterwards apply some diluted Pond's Extract. Give the Specific for Fever, A A, three or four drops alternately with that for Ulcerations, I I. The same dose four times per day ; it will be suc- cessful. Inflammation of the Ear. This sometimes occurs from insects having made their way into the ear, sometimes from Rheumatism. The dog complains, shakes his head, scratches his ear, howls, is restless and unquiet, and seeks for aid. CHEST-FOUNDER, ETC. 205 Treatment. — The ear should be carefully exam- ined in the light of the sun, and if insects are dis- covered, they should be removed, or destroyed by means of oil applied to the place, and afterwards washed out with warm water. Give also the Specific for Fever, A A, five drops two or three times per day, to allay the irritation. Chest-Founder ; Kennel-Lameness. This is a rheumatic complaint not unfrequent among dogs, and is usually the result of exposure to cold and damp, especially when the animal is warm, or has been over-heated. Symptoms. — The animal is lame and stiff, espe- cially in the fore-legs ; the pain may be so severe that he can not move them. There is pain when the shoulders and sides are pressed upon. There is fever, hot skin, quick pulse, rapid breathing, and loss of appetite. Treatment. — The Specific for Fever, A A, should be given at first ; a dose of three or five drops, four times per day, while the fever and heat are violent, after which the Specific for Founder, B B, may be alternated with it at the same inter- vals until the animal is cured. Fractures. Simple fractures of the leg are very readily cured in young and vigorous dogs. It may be readily known by the distortion of the limb, by the ends of the bone grating upon each other, lameness, etc. Treatment is very simple. Extend the limb, and put the bones in place, and apply splints with a firm bandage, wetting the limb with Pond's Extract. 18 206 DISEASES OF THE DOG. Examine them from time to time to see that they are kept in place. After three or four weeks, they may be removed, and the animal trusted to use his limbs. Give the Specific for Injuries night and morning for a few days. Sore Feet. These may be occasioned by injuries, long travel- ing over rough or frozen ground, or in very dry weather. Symptoms. — The foot is swelled, and small, hard, painful lumps are felt in it ; there is much pain, and the animal can not bear his weight upon them. The .skin becomes red, and the nails fall off. There is usually considerable fever and no desire to eat. Treatment. — Bathe the feet three or four times per day in Pond's Extract, or in Arnica, (See In- troduction,) and give morning and night a dose of three or five drops of the Fever Specific, A A. If matter forms, a poultice may be applied, and the abscess afterwards opened. CHAPTER II. DISEASES OF THE AIR-PASSAGES. Ozena, or Running from the Nose. This disease is very common in old dogs, and es- pecially in pugs. It is known by a constant dis- charge from the nostrils, which is bad-smelling, like matter, attended with cough, snorting, attempts to sneeze, obstructed nostrils, and difficulty of breath- ing. If neglected, it may injure or even destroy the sense of smell. Treatment. — The Specific for Distemper, Nasal Discharges, C C, is perfectly appropriate for such cases. Give a dose of two or five drops, according to the size of the dog, two or three times per day. Catarrh or Cold ; Bronchitis. It occurs most commonly in the variable weather of winter, and early spring, and is induced from causes similar to those which induce it in the human system. Symptoms. — There is cough ; running from the eyes, which become red ; then watery discharge from one or both nostrils ; dullness and sleepiness ; poor appetite ; sneezing ; quick, heavy breathing ; weakness and wasting. If the disease is not checked, Bronchitis, or cold 208 DISEASES OF THE DOG. in the chest, comes on, known by a mattery dis- cbarge from the nose„ which may be stuffed up, with difficulty of breathing ; the breathing is quick, at- tended with rattling in the wind-pipe ; the cough be- comes more frequent and «evere. Treatment. — Give three or five drops of the Specific for Fever, A A, three or four times per day, to allay the heat and feverish excitement, after which a few doses of the Specific for Coughs and Colds, E E, will complete the cure. Inflammation of the Chest, Pneumonia or Pleurisy. Inflammation of the chest usually involves both the pleura or lining membrane of the chest, and the substance of the lungs, so that they may be advan- tageously treated together. It is usually the result of cold and exposure after having been heated ; it may also be produced by wounds. Symptoms. — Shivering chill, followed by heat and thirst ; the sides are painful when pressed upon ; stitches are observed ; the dog sits upon his haunches, with the fore-legs separated from each other, and the head held forward ; the breath hot ; cough short and painful ; breathing frequent, labored and heaving ; pulse full and quick ; tongue hangs out of the mouth ; eyes thrust forward and red ; finally drowsiness and death. Sometimes the effu- sion of water in the chest is very abundant, when the legs swell, and breathing becomes difficult, la- bored and suffocating. INFLAMMATION OF THE CHEST, ETC. 209 Treatment. — Give first, three or five drops, ac- cording to the size of the dog, of the Specific for Fever, A A, and repeat the dose every two hours for the first twenty-four hours. Then alternate the Specific for Inflamed Lungs, E E, with that for Fever, at intervals of two or three hours, until the animal is cured. 18* CHAPTER III. DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. Salivation. Mercury, in its various forms, is sometimes given to dogs by ignorant persons, or by chemists and dog- fanciers, for some real or supposed disease ; or it is applied to them externally as an ointment for mange, in either case resulting in salivation, with the follow- ing Symptoms. — Loss of appetite ; sore, swollen gums, which are bluish, easily bleed, and generally ulcerate ; loosened teeth, which may even fall out ; constant dribbling of slaver from the mouth ; offens- ive breath ; swelled glands ; extreme weakness ; hair falls off, and frequently purging, attended with straining. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Fever, A A, a dose each morning and noon, and a teaspoonful of Pond's Extract at night, especially if there is ulcer- ation of the mouth or throat. Diseases of the Teeth. The teeth are more frequently affected in the dog than in other domestic animals. This may be the result of a variety of causes, among which are the following : Eating or gnawing bones, by means of COLIC. 211 which the teeth may be broken or ground down to the quick ; healthy, well-fed dogs only pick their bones ; rich, sweetened food, which has an injurious effect upon the teeth ; mercury, frequently given to dogs, which produces salivation, loosening, and eventually falling out of the teeth. Teaching dogs to carry or chase hard substances, stones, etc., fre- quently results in diseased teeth, as they are thus rubbed down to the gum, and the stump produces much mischief. Symptoms. — If the dog has a bad breath, seems to be in pain when he eats, does not thrive, or mani- fest his usual spirit, the mouth should be examined. One or more teeth will be found worn down to the gum ; the fang produces irritation, and may result in an abscess ; the sides of the mouth are raw and ulcerated, and slaver dribbles from it. Treatment. — Extraction is the sole remedy for loose, irregular, or decayed teeth. Colic. Colic is not unfrequent in the dog. It is often connected with constipation, and may result from bad food, sudden change of food, exposure to cold, or from worms. It is common in puppies. Symptoms. — The dog has sudden pain in the bowels ; it comes on in fits, is worse at one time than another. The dog is restless, frequently changing his position ; he extends himself and then draws himself in, turns his head towards his sides, throws himself down, rolls about, moans or whines, when the pain is severe, with a short rough voice. 212 DISEASES OF THE DOG. Treatment. — The Specific for Colic, F F, should be given, a dose of three to five drops, according to the size of the dog, and repeated every half-hour or hour as the urgency of the case demands. Should it not promptly relieve, the Specific for Fever, A A, or that for Constipation, may be given alternately with that for Colic. Constipation, or Bound Bowels. Constipation is more frequently observed than diarrhea in the dog. It may be the result of a want of proper exercise, improper food, or some disorder of the liver or other part of the digestive system. It is manifested by frequent unavailing efforts to evacuate, attended with groaning, trem- bling, or other manifestations of pain. It may result in mange or even inflammation unless re- lieved. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Constipation, J J, three to five drops, according to the size of the animal, three times per day. Should this course not relieve, an injection of warm soap and water should be given and re- peated if necessary until the result is accomplished. Diarrhea. Excess of food, bad food, exposure to cold and wet, as well as a bilious condition may induce diarrhea in the dog. If slight it will cure itself. It usually maunifests itself by sickness, vomiting, thirst, discharges more frequent and thinner than usual. If it continues, the animal becomes thin, weak, does not eat his food, and his breath becomes offensive. DYSENTERY, ETC. 213 Treatment. — The Specific for Diarrhea, F F, will be found effectual. Give three or five drops, according to the size of the dog, three times per day. Dysentery. It is not unfrequently a termination of diarrhea, or it may be produced by similar causes. Symptoms. — Thirst, heat, purging of fluid mixed with small pieces of dung, attended with severe straining and pain ; often the discharges are of mucus mixed with blood. There is loss of strength and appetite, with rapid wasting. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Dysentery, F F, two to five drops every one, two or three hours, according to the urgency of the case. Inflammation of the Bowels. Neglected or improperly treated colic, exposure to cold and damp after fatigue, or stones in the bowels may produce this disease. Symptoms. — The belly is hot, painful, and con- tracted ; it is very painful on contact or pressure ; the dog moves slowly with fear and trembling ; he cries or howls with pain ; does not eat, but is very thirsty ; looks around at his belly ; his bowels are very confined ; dung is hard and in small jrieces ; cold legs ; the tail is kept down close between the legs. Treatment. — Give 'the Specific for Fever and I Inflammation, A A, three or five drops, according to the size of the dog, and repeat it every hour, or two hours, according to the urgency of the case. 214 DISEASES OF THE DOG. Sometimes a dose of the Specific for Colic, F F, may be interposed, or given alternately with that for Fever with advantage. Inflammation of the Liver, Jaundice. This disease is occasionally found in dogs, more particularly in fat ones. It may be the result of excess of food and deficient exercise, or exposure to cold and moisture. Symptoms. — The dog is dull, sleepy, shrinks from notice, and becomes thin ; eats little and is thirsty. The skin, gums, lips, and parts of the skin not cov- ered with hair are yellow ; the urine is yellowish and dung dark-colored, hence the name Jaundice or yellows. He is sometimes hot, at others cold ; he vomits a yellow fluid, which may afterwards be- come greenish, and have streaks of blood in it. These symptoms all increase until the dog becomes thin as a skeleton, and at last dies quite worn out. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Fever, A A, alternately with that for Jaundice, J J, a dose of three to five drops, according to the size of the dog, every three or four hours, as the urgency of the case may demand. Old cases of liver complaint simply require a dose of the Specific for Jaundice, J J, morning and night. Worms. No animal is so subject or so frequently tor- mented by worms as the dog. This is doubtless owing to his highly artificial life and the great va- riety of food given him. There are three varieties: WORMS. 215 the first is red, resembling the earth-worm, and is common in puppies ; the second is the tenia or tape- worm, which is sometimes of great length, flat, in joints, and occupies the small intestines ; the third is the ascarides or pin-worm, half an inch to an inch in length, thread-like, pointed, and housing in the lower part of the bowels. Symptoms. — All worm symptoms are questionable except finding them in the discharges. Their ex- istence may be inferred if the dog has a short dry cough, bad breath, greedy appetite, rough coat, bound bowels or purging, turns of griping, wasting, or fits. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Worms, D D, two to five drops, according to the size of the dog, two or three times per day. Its continuance will not fail to eradicate them from the system. CHAPTER IV. DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Epilepsy, or Fits. The dog is occasionally subject to true epilepsy, and not unfrequently to tits or convulsions arising from transient causes ; such as, teething in puppies, worms, want of exercise, and then too violent ex- ercise. They are liable also to come on during distemper or after it, or from disease of the brain. Small pet dogs are more subject to fits than others, as their nervous system is more excitable and their lives more artificial. Symptoms. — The fit generally comes on suddenly, the animal staggers, falls down, remains lying for an instant, and then is violently convulsed ; the legs become stiff, the face distorted, the eyes roll about, the tongue is thrust out, the jaws nearly closed or firmly clenched. The convulsion becomes gradually less, and after some twitches they cease, and the animal in a short time appears well again. In true epilepsy the fits recur again at diminish- ing intervals, and excitements may easily reproduce them. Treatment. — Give, on an attack from whatever cause, from two to five drops, according to the size CHOREA, PALSY, PARALYSIS. 217 of the animal, of the Specific for Convulsions, A A, and repeat it once after the paroxysm is over. This will be sufficient for fits arising from any transient cause ; but if the dog is subject to them he must have the Specific J J, for Paralysis, alternately with that for Convulsions, A A, a dose every day or two, and continued for some time to effect a radical cure. Chorea, St. Vitus' Dance. This is a frequent result of severe distemper, es- pecially in the case of young dogs, and it may. also arise from worms or some disorder of the stomach. Symptoms. — The disease manifests itse-f by twitches, or involuntary jerks of various pots, as the leg, shoulder, face, neck, or even eyelids. Some- times it is confined to a single limb or two,, or the whole body may be affected. The animal has no control over them, and they are manifested even during sleep. He wastes, eats and sleeps badly, and may become palsied ; at last he becomes incap- able of any service, staggers, has convulsions, and is at last worn out. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Convulsions, A A, each morning, and that for Paralysis,, J; J, each night, two to five drops, according to the size of the animal, and follow the treatment persever- ingly. Palsy, Paralysis. This is not an unfrequent affection in the dog, especially those that are well fed, as pet dogs. It arises from disease of the brain or spinal cord, and 19 218 DISEASES OF THE DOG. is sometimes also the result of disease of the bowels or stomach. Symptoms. — It may occur in one side or part of the animal, and is most frequent in the hind-legs, which appear as if the animal had no power over them ; he staggers, falls, or lies on the ground, dragging his hind-legs after him, unable to stand upon them. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Paralysis, J J, two to five drops, according to the size of the dog, three times per day. In case it comes on suddenly in well-fed dogs, from an over-feed or gorging the animal, give a spoonful of castor oil and an injection of warm soap and water, followed with the prescription above. Rabies, Canine Madness. Much has been said upon the subject of Babies or Canine Madness, and from the general horror in which the disease is justly held, some consideration of it is proper, even if we do not possess the means of cure. The causes of the disease are involved in obscurity, yet it may be spontaneous or communi- cative. The former has been attributed to want of care, deficient water in hot weather, intense heat or cold, an inability to satisfy the venereal appetite. If communicated, it is from the saliva of the affect- ed dog, in which case the disease seldom breaks out before the ninth day, often later. Two principal forms of this disease have been distinguished; rabies proper, and dumb madness. RABIES, CANINE MADNESS. 219 Symptoms of Rabies proper : First change noticed is in the dog's gait in walking, either more lively and irritable than usual, or more dull and sad ; pe- culiar restlessness ; does not remain in one place ; often quits his home and roams to a distance ; he recognizes and obeys his master at the commence- ment, and even through the entire disease ; gene- rally no appetite from the commencement ; some will take soup, but never solid food ; they often, however, devour strange things, as wood, leather, straw, or even filth ; they drink in all stages of the disease as long as they can swallow ; there is always a peculiar change of voice, more shrill or more grave, always slightly hoarse and disagreeable ; the bark is peculiar, not in distinct emissions, as in health, but an emission of voice ending in a howl ; the desire to bite is not constant, but comes occa- sionally in fits, and varying degrees ; during the fits he bites every thing, cats, other dogs, human be- ings, even his own master, or inanimate objects, and frequently snaps at the air. At first he is but little changed in appearance ; but soon the eyes become red ; they open and shut alternately ; later, they are dull, as if covered with dust ; sometimes the skin wrinkles on the forehead, or the head swells ; rapid emaciation ; he becomes finally very weak, and drags his hind-quarters ; while at first he is strong, carries his tail as usual, and differs not in gait from a healthy dog. The other form of madness is manifested by loss of appetite, drink, voice, and manifestation of the 220 DISEASES OF THE DOG. passion for biting as in the first instance, modified thus : The lower jaw droops, apparently paralyzed from the commencement ; he can not swallow any liquid ; saliva constantly flows from his mouth ; the tongue often hangs from between the teeth ; he bites less than in the first form; still, as there are times when irritated that he may close his mouth, the danger from biting is the same. There are some popular errors which are correct- ed by the following statements, thus : Dogs may be- come mad at any season of the year. Female and altered dogs may become mad by communication, though the disease originates probably with entire animals. Mad dogs drink in all stages of the disease, if the soreness of throat, or paralysis of the jaws, or flow of saliva does not prevent them ; they have even been known to swim in water. Mad dogs do not always carry the tail between the legs, but otherwise, during the commencement of the disease ; it is, how- ever, common in many other diseases, and in all dogs when pursued or frightened. Mad dogs do not always run in a straight line, unless pursued ; they change their direction like other dogs, and run to objects which attract them. Other dogs do not avoid them, but if a stranger, it will be attacked by well dogs. Sound animals have no repugnance to the saliva of a mad dog, but will even eat meat which is covered with it. Treatment. — All the means hitherto discovered to arrest the disease have proved unreliable. Bel- ladonna and the Specific for Convulsions may do RABIES, CANINE MADNESS. 221 something, and had best be administered in all doubtful cases ; but if an animal is indisputably ra- bid it should be killed at once. The excision of the gland or ligament under the tongue is only mutilat- ing the animal to no purpose. If a dog is suspected, has been bitten, or exposed to contagion, give him the Specific for Convulsions, A A, three or four drops, according to his size, three times per day, and inject a dose of the same medi- cine into the wound at the same time. Only a small proportion of the animals or persons bitten by an- imals supposed to be rabid ever become mad. 19* CHAPTER V. DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Small Pox. This disease is most common in puppies before the sixth month, and is most severe in hot weather, or when dogs are kept very warm. A very cold atmosphere prevents its coming to the surface, in which case the animal is likely to die from conges- tion. It is strictly contagious, and is communicated from one dog to another very readily. Symptoms. — First there is severe fever and per- ceptible oppression of the breath, after which the skin on the belly, groins, and between the fore-legs becomes red, and then covered with small, round pimples, distinct or clustered in groups. The pim- ples gradually increase until the fifth day, when the top of each contains a clear fluid, which by degrees becomes yellow, the tops of the pustule then become flat, and by degrees hollowed, and either break and discharge their contents, or dry and form scabs. These by degrees fall or are rubbed off, leaving the skin covered with brown spots or small sores, which remain, removing the hair and leaving the skin bare. When the pustules break, the breath and all the ex- cretions have a bad smell, and inflammation of the lungs is very apt to set in. VERMIN, LICE, MANGE. 223 Treatment. — Keep the dog cool during the fever- ish stage in a well-aired room, but not by the fire ; thus the pock will be much less ; and give every three hours from two to five drops of the Specific for Fever, A A. After the feverish symptoms have abated, and the pock have come out, give from two to five drops, ac- cording to the size of the animal, of the Specific for Eruptions, 1 1, three or four times per day until the cure is complete. Vermin, Lice. Lice often cover the body of the dog, especially crowding upon his head, around the eyes and lips. There need be no fear of their presence, as they will not live upon the human being. Treatment. — Mayhew advises to place the dog in a room where grease is not of much moment, and to completely saturate him with castor oil, rubbing it well into the hair on every part. In this state he should be allowed to remain twelve hours, after which the oil should be removed with the yolk of eggs and water. A pint of oil will be required for a moderate-sized dog with long hair, and four times as much for a large Newfoundland dog. Mange. Mange is quite common in dogs, especially those that are over-fed, indolent, and have not particular attention paid them. It is induced by confinement in a close or dirty kennel, certain kinds of food, in- dolence, too much food and too little exercise, star- vation ; or it may be taken by a healthy dog from a mangy one, or transmitted from a mother to her puppies. 224 DISEASES OF THE DOG. Symptoms. — It may be either dry or moist ; the skin is itchy ; the dog always rubbing himself, so that the skin is bare and red in different places ; along the back small, reddish pimples arise, which are afterwards covered with branny scales. In the moist form there is swelling, redness of the skin, and then secretion of thick puriform mucus, finally formation of matter and thick scabs. The dog be- comes thin, low-spirited, and finally dies, unless re- lieved. Treatment. — Give the Specific for Mange, 1 1, three or five drops, according to the size of the dog, night and morning. Apply the Arsenical Lotion (See Introductory Sec- tion) thoroughly night and morning. INDEX. Abortion in the cow, 170 Abscess, , 19 Advantages of Seating animals with Homoeopathy, .... v Alternation of Remedies, 11 Animals very susceptible to Homoeopathy, v Air-passages, inflammation of, in the cow, 143 " dog, 207 " hog, 196 " horse, 74 '! sheep, 187 " disease of the, 68 Albugo, , 53 Allopecia, or falling off of the hair, 21 Amaurosis, 53 Anasarca in the horse, 22 Antichor, 22 Aphtha?, 179 Appetite, loss of, : 87 Apoplexy, 57, 185 Arnica Montana, viii 220 INDEX. PAGE Arsenical Lotion, 22 Ascites, ix Back-galled, 45 Belly, dropsy of, in the horse, 22 Biting crib, 86 Bladder, inflammation of, in the dog, 202 " " " cattle, 176 " " " horse, 101 Blain, or black tongue, 163 Blast, 178 Blindness from Amaurosis, 53 " Cataract, 54 Moon, 53 " Opacity of the Cornea, 53 " Specks on the " 53 Bloody urine, 103 Blown in the cow, 156 " " sheep, 179 Bots, 98 Bound bowels in the dog, 212 " horse, * 98 Bowels, inflammation of, in the dog, 213 " " hog, 197 ■* horse, 92 " sheep, 180 " looseness of, in the calf, 158 " " cow, 157 « « dog, 212 hog, 198 " " horse, 95 Brain-fever in the hog, 194 " " horse, 61 Bran-poultice, - ix Broken wind, 72 INDEX. 227 PAGE Bronchia, inflammation of, in the cow, 143 " " " horse, 74 Bronchitis in cattle, 143 in the dog, 207 " in the horse, 72 Bruised wounds, 50 Bull-burnt, 177 Burns and scalds, 36 Calendula Lotion, v iii Calf, casting the, 170 " hoose in the, 141 " skit in the, 158 Calving, dropping after, 166 " flooding after, 172 Canker, 119 Canker in the ear, 204 Capped elbow, 38 Capped hock, 38 Carrot-poultice, ix Castration, 36 Cataract, 54 Care of sick animals, xv Catarrh in the cow, 141 " dog, 207 " " horse, 68 " epidemic, 68 Catarrhal fever, 69 Cattle, diseases of, 130 Chest, diseases of the, in cattle, 141 " in the dog, 207 " " . " horse, 68 " sheep, 1S7 founder " dog, -205 " " " horse, 78 223 INDEX. PAGE Chest, inflammation of the, in the dog, 208 Chorea, 217 clap, m Cleansing after calving, 172 Cold, common, in the cow, 141 dog, 207 hog, 196 " " horse, 68 Colic in cattle, . . . t 154 " in the dog, 211 hog, 197 " " horse, 89 Contusions, 36 Constipation in the dog, 212 " " cattle, 155 horse, 98 Convulsions, 57 Cornea, opacity of, 53 Corns, Ill Choryza, -140 Costiveness. (See Constipation.) Cough, in the cows, 142 " " horse, 71 Cows, diseases of. (See cattle.) Cracked heels. (See Grease.) Crib-biting, 86 Cud, loss of, 154 Curb, 39 Cut, speedy, 46 Cystiti. (See inflammation of the bladder.) Dance, St. Vitus, 217 Dentition in the horse 84 Diabetes, 104 Diaphragm, spasm of the 71 INDEX. 229 PAGE Diarrhea in the calf, 158 " cattle 157 dog, 212 hog, ' 198 " horse, 95 sheep, 181 Diet or feed of sick animals, xv Difficult teething in the horse, 84 Digestion, disease of, in cattle, 154 " disease in the dog, 210 hog, 196 " " horse, 84 " " sheep, 179 Distemper in the dog, 200 " " horse, 124 Docking, 40 Diuresis, 104 Doses, how much to give, ix Dropping after calving, 166 Dropsy in the horse, 22 Drum-belly, 91 Dysentery in cattle, , 158 " in the dog, 213 " " horse,., 96 " sheep, 181 Ear, canker in the, 204 " inflammation of, 204 Elbow, capped, 38 Enteritis in the dog, 213 " • " hog, 197 " " horse, 92 " " sheep, 180 Epidemic Catarrh in the horse, 68 Epilepsy, in cattle, 137 20 230 INDEX. PAGE Epilepsy in the dog, 216 " " horse, 58 Epizotic, vesicular 132 Evil, Poll, .' 20 Evil, quarter, 130 Eye, cataract in the, 54 " curious mechanism of, . 56 " diseases of, in the horse, 53 " inflammation in cattle, 136 M " in the dog, 203 " in the horse, 53 ** opacity of, 53 " specks in the, 53 Exanthemes, 22 Face, palsy of, 61 Farcy, 125 Feet, diseases of, in the horse, 106 " fever in the, 106 " inflammation in the, 106 " sore, 206 Fever, in cattle, 130 " in the horse, 122 " idiopathic, 122 " symptomatic, . . . . 123 " brain, in the hog, 194 " " " horse, 61 " in the feet, 106 " milk in cows, 167 Fistulas, 24 Fistulous withers, 40 Fits in cattle, 137 Fits " dog, 215 " " horse, 59 " " sheep, 182,185 231 PA.GE Flesh wounds. (See wounds.) Flooding after calving, 172 Foot, diseases of, in the horse, 106 in the sheep, 188 " foul in the, in cattle, 138 " " " in sheep, 188 " prick in the, 113 Founder in sheep, 189 " in the horse, 106 " " chest, in the dog, 205 Fractures, 41, 205 Frenzy in the hog, 194 Fungus, 28 Galled Back, or saddle-galls, 45 Garget, in cows, 174 Gid, in sheep, 182 Glanders, 125 Gleet. (See Gonorrhea.) Gleet, nasal, s 77 Gloss, Anthrax, or black tongue, 163 Gonorrhea, 177, 202 Grease, or scratches, 26 Gripes. (See Colic.) Grubs. (See Bots.) Gutta Serena, 53 Haw, curious mechanism of, 56 Haunch, strain of the, 48 Hematuria, 103 Head, congestion to the, in the horse, 60 Hemorrhagica purpura, 129 Heels, cracked. (See Grease.) Hepatitis, in the dog, , 214 in cattle, 162 232 INDEX. PAGE Hepatitis in the horse, 97 Heaves, 72 Hidebound, in the cow, 139 " f horse, ; 28 Hock, cupped, 38 Hog, diseases of the, 194 Homoeopathic medicines, form of, ix Hoose, in the calf, 141 " " cow, 141 Hoove in cattle, 156 sheep, 179 Horse, diseases of the, 19 Hydatids in sheep, 182 Induration of the skin, 28 Indigestion, 87 Inflammation of the air-passages in the cow, 143 « « » " dog, 208 » " " il hog, 196 " » " " horse, 74-75 " " " " sheep, 187 bladder " dog, 222 " « " cattle, 176 " " « " horse, 101 " '" bowels " dog, 213 « " " « hog, 197 11 " " " horse, 92 « " " " sheep, 180 brain " hog 195 " " " " horse, 61 " " " " sheep, 186 u " bronchial tubes, " cow, 143 «• " " " horse, 74 " " chest " cow, 145 " " " " dog, 208 INDEX. 233 PAGE Inflammation of the chest in the hog,, 196 ' " horse, 78 " " " " sheep, 181 eye " cows, 136 " dog, 203 horse, 53 " " feet " « 106 " kidneys " " ... 101 and 111 11 " larnyx " " 75 liver, " dog, 213 11 " " cattle, 162 " lungs " cattle, 145, 14$ dog, 208 hog, 196 horse, 78 sheep, 187 " " lymphatics, 127 " " peritoneum, 94 " pleura in the cow, 144 " horse, 78 " spleen, 164 11 udder in the cow, 174 Influenza in the horse, 68 Introduction, iv Injuries, 36 Injections, sv j Irregular teeth, 84 " in cattle, 160 Jaundice in the dog, 214 " u horse, 97 " " cattle, 160 Jaw, lock. (See Tetanus.) Joint, Murrain, 130 Kennel Lameness, 205 Kidneys, inflammation of, 101 20* . 234 INDEX. PAGE Laminitis, # . 106 Lampas, 85 Larynx, inflammation of, in the horse, 75 Legs, diseases of " " 107 Lice, 35, 223 Lights. (See Lungs.) Liver, inflammation of, in the dog, 214 Liver, disease of, in the horse, 97 Lockjaw, or Tetanus, 63 Looseness of the Bowels. (See Diarrhea.) Loin-bound. (See Eheumatism.) Loins, strain of the, 47 Loss of Appetite, 87 Lo3s of the cud, 154 Lotions, how to prepare them, viii Lumbago, 134 Lungs, disease of, cattle, Lung, Inflammation of, in cattle, 145 " " the hog, 194 " " the horse, 78 " " the sheep, 187 Lymphatics, 127 Madness. (See Rabies.) Mad Staggers, 61 Malanders, 31 Mange in cattle, 138 " " the dog, 222 " " the hog, 199 " " the horse, 29 " " the sheep, 192 Measles, ' 198 Medicines, List of, vi Megrims, 58 Midriff, Spasm of, 71 INDEX. 235 PAGE Milk-Fever in the cow, 167 Moon Blindness, 53 Murrain, Lung. 147 Navicular Joint, disease of, 108 Nasal gleet, ■ 77 Nephritis, 101, 176 Nervous System, diseases of, in the dog, 216 " u " horse, 53 " " " sheep, 185 Nose, discbarge from the, 207 running from the, . .. 207 Ointment, Sulphur, directions for making, viii Opacity of the Cornea, 53 Ophthalmia in cattle, 136 the dog, 203 the horse, 53 Other Medicines not to be taken, xvi Over-reach, 118 Ozena, 207 Palsy. (See Paralysis.) Paralysis in cattle, 217 " thedog, 217 " the horse, 61 Peritoneum, inflammation of, 94 Pharyngitis, 141 Phrenitis, . 61 Pig, diseases of. (See Hog.) Pleura, inflammation of, in the cow, 144 " " " dog, 208 " " ' " horse, 78 Pleurisy. (See Pleura, inflammation of.) 236 PAGE Pleuropneumonia, or Lung Murrain in cattle, 141 " history of, 141 " causes of, « 148 " symptoms and stages, 149 " treatment of, 152 " success of treatment, 148 " in the horse, 18 " symptoms and treatment, 19-83 Pneumonia in cattle, 145 " the dog, 208 the hog, 196 " the sheep, 181 Poll-evil, 20 Pond's Extract, viii Poutices, ix Poch in sheep, 190 Pox, Small 221 Prick in the foot, 113 Puerperal Fever, 166 Pulmonary Murrain, , 141 Pulse, directions for feeling, xvii Purging in the hog 198 " horse, 95 " sheep, 181 Purpura Hemorrhagica, 129 Quarter Evil, 130 Quinsy, 195 Quittor, 112 Rabies, 218 Red Colic. (See Dysentery.) Red Water, 114 Remedy, how to choose, xii " give, xiii Repetitions, how often, x INDEX. 2>>7 Remedies, alternation of, xi Retention of urine, 103 Rheumatism in the cow, 134 " back of cattle, 135 horse, 121 Ringbone, v Hf Roaring. (See Heaves.) Rot Foot in the cow, 138 " " sheep, 183 Rot in sheep, 192 Saddle-galls, 45 St. Vitus Dance, 211 Salanders, 31 Salivation, 210 Scab in sheep, 190 Sand Crack, 1 10 Scanty urine in horses, 104 cattle, 116 Scouring in cattle, 15t " the horse, 95 Sheep, diseases of the, 1*79 Shoulder, sprain of the, 4? Sitfast, 45 Skin, diseases of, in the dog, 227 " " horse, 19 Skit in the calf, 158 Slinking of cows, 170 Small-pox, 221 Sniffles, 196 Sore feet 206 " teats, | 373 " throat in the cow, 141 " " horse, 76 Spasms, 57 238 INDEX. PAGE Spasm of the diaphragm, .' 71 Speedy cut, 46 Spavin, 114 Specific, how to give it, xiii Specks in the eye, 53 Specific Kemedies List of, vi Spleen, Inflammation of, ? 164 Sprains, 44 Sprains of the fetlock, 45 Splint, 116 Spring-halt, 115 Sprain of the back, tendons, 47 " shoulder, 47 Staggers, mad, 61 " in sheep, 182 " stomach, 88 Stale, inability to, 103, 176 Staling too profuse, 104 Stifle, 43 Strains, 46 Stings of bee or insects, 49 Strangles, 124 " in the hog, 195 Sturdy, 182 Swine, diseases of, 194 Sulphur, Ointment of, viii Surfeit, - 32 Symptomatic fever in the horse, 123 Swellings, 33 Swelled legs in the horse, 30 Swelling of the teats in the mare, 32 Sweating, 32 Teats, sore, 113 Teeth, diseases of, in the dog, 210 " " horse, 84 " irregular, 84 239 PAGB Teething difficult, : 84 Tendons, sprain of the back, 47 Tetanus, or Lockjaw, 63 Tetters, 32 Thrush, 118 Tumors, 33 Throat, Sore, in cattle, 141 " horses, 76 Thrush in the horse, 119 " sheep, 188 Tread. (See Over-reach,). ..." 118 Turnip Poultices, directions for, ix Turnsick, 182 Tympanitis, or drum-belly, 91 Udder, inflammation of, in the cow, 174 Ulcers, 19 Urine, bloody 103 " retention of, 103,176 " scanty, 104,176 Urinary Organs, diseases of, in the cow, 166 " " " horse, 101 Varices, • 50 Vermin, 35, 223 Vesicular Epizotic, 132 Vertigo, 59 Warbles, 45 Water, red, : 174 Warts, 35 Weed, 127 Wind-broken, •. 72 " galls, 114 " thick, 72 " colic. (See Colic.) 240 INDEX. PAGE "Withers, fistulous, 40 Worms in the dog, 214 11 horse, 98 Wounds, 50 " bruised, 50 " fever from, 50 " flesh, 50 Yellows, 160 Nov . 3 1860 3 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS llll Hill lllll lim mil m i»" raini"!^™™- 002 843 257 4