''- 0' THE NEWS" History of Passaic. # FROM THE EARLIEST SETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT DAY. EMBRACING A DESCRIPTIVE HISTORY OF ITS MUNICIPAL. RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL AND COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED. COMPILED AND EDITED BY WILLIAM J.'PAPE. \VHH THE COLLABORATION OF WILLIAM W. SCOTT. I 899. V TWO UOi^lES ti fi-OCA V t^^. ^i-.-ry of Ccngr9«% Offlca f thu Jfl^' 101900 Register of Copyrlghtfc 51539 COPYRfGHTED, 1899 BY THE NEWS PUBLISHING CO., PASSAIC, N. J. Daily I|ctii:i. Printers l^.....c M. SECOND COPY, riintncmpliir Work, with few Kxceptions. hy J. T. Sininis. Bookbinding hy I. Kcksiein KnsravinKshy Tlie Hopkins Company, New York. (/ .J CONTENTS, P"Ke. Page. Iii.l.'x t,> IllusiiMtii.iis vi CHAl'TKli XV. Fniiii Township in City 71 to .Sti llltlolllUtOl'.V 1 ciiArrKi; xvi. CIlAI'Ti:!; I. The Stur.v of the t'ity Ilnll IMi i,, 1»4 Its istrict S.huol t)7 i,j lo:^ New .Tei-sc\''s ColtMiial ( lovi'i'iiiiieiit .', (i CUAl'TlilJ Will. CHAl'TKU III. The I'lililic Schools of Passaic 103 to 111 'Jhe Kefs .M.Hi Uriirn niul Fall T lo 12 CIIArTKl! XIX. CIIAl'THK IV. Keligious History of rassaic 112 to 134 The Coinia- of the White Man 13. 14 CHAl'TKU XX. CH.\PTKK V. <'l]arities of Passaic 137 to 141.' The Scttleiiieiit of .\((|iiackaiionk 1.") tu Jd CII.VI'TKi; XXl. CHAPTEIi VI. Passaic Public Library 14.") The I'ateiitee Families 21 to 31 CIIAl'TFIt XXII. CIl.M'TF.i; \'II. Financial Institutions 14(; to 150 Tl;e Life of the Settlers :!2 to 34 CHAPTEU XXIII. ('II.\i'Ti:i; \ni Social ami (Itlu-r Organizations 1.53 to ir>7 .\cc|iiackanoiik Lanilinjr 3r> to 30 CMAPTKH XXIV. ClI.vrrKi; l.\. The Xewspapers of Pa.ssaic 158 to 1G5 Thi' Tavern and the St igo Coaih 41 to 43 CHAl'TKU XX\-. ,.. I ..,...,,... Y The Learned Professions liiiitoliiO Keads and Bridges 44 to 411 CILVPTKi; .\X\ 1. The Military Spirit in Passaic 170 to 174 ClI.M'TKi; XI. Aciinackanonk in the Uevohition ~> Iidcx to Portraits and Biographical Sketches. .. .Back of Book GENERAL ILLUSTRATIONS, Page. City Hall Krontispiece Map Ml I'Mssaic 2 Stroot Scenes 4 Ancient Dnfch -Map iif New Jersey 5 Jlap of the (;,ptliani Division ]!• The Van WaiieniT House 22 'Jlie (Janison House, Clifton -'o Tonilistone of Stephen Bassett 2?, Oil] IJefoimed Par^ona^e -5 David I. Anderson Honieste'id -'i "Squire" Van Iliper Heuse --^ Ac(iuackaiionk in 1844 3'.t I'art of Aequaclianonl; Map 40 Tlie White Horse Tavern (Century Housel 42 The ItyiTson Hotel 4". Old Erie Arch and Street Scenes 4(i Military Map (177!|l "'3 Map of Washington's Retreat (177(i) 55 Kuius of Washington's Headquarters 5(i Washington's Headquarters 57 Aiinthcr ..I Wasliingtnn's :Maps I17S1 1 5!l iHuidee Dam •>5 Krie Main Depot Ii7 Erie Railroad Bridge OS The I'rospect Street Depot 00 The Harrison Street Depot 'iO The First City Hall 7(i Dundee Engine House Si! A lert Truck House .S(! SIcLean Engine House 87 Interior of Electric Light StatioJi 88 "Park Heights," as Contemplated IHI The Cnlinished Caslle in IS'.KI '.i:; The Present City Hall 'Xi Tablet at City Hill !t4 The (lid 11. .we Academy Id'J \"i.\\-. I.I School Buildings Ili5. Kiii 'Ihr -Old First" Church 117 The Old "Soceder" Church ll'.i North Reformed Church iL'ii First Methodist Episcopal Church I'Jl First Pi"sliyterian Church IJl Some I'assaic Scenery 125 Five Church Views l:ii; Dundee Presbyterian Clnncli r_'7 St. Nicholas' Church IL'S (Jieek Kite Catholic Ch.irch llis St. Michael's I'olish Church I'Jii First Baptist Church K'.ll First Congregational Cliuicli (Jerman Lutheran Church The Y. M. C. A. Building Tlie A.verigg Mansion and Interiors The Hughes Building 1 he Old Hegeman House The Holy Name Club House St. JIary's Hospit.al The Home and Orphan Asylum The fJeneral Hespital I'ldilic Librar.v Quarters Dundee Brand) Library Pt.ssaic National Bank Building I'he Acc(uackanonk Cluli That Jlighty Hunter. .lohn .1. Bowes. . . . Captains Hall and Bowes Passaic Club House Old Gun Club Rooms First Page of First Issue of The News. Post Office Building Residence of Oscar Dressier Four Generations (Cadmusl Residence of Mrs. William 1. Barry Residence of Peter Keid Residence of John Miltdii Murse The Morrisse Building Ri sidence of .lo.seph 11. Wri^'ht Residence of James Hrycc Residence of Dr. J. A. Hegeman Residence of Gilbert D. Bogart Residence of Dr. Charles A. Church.... Residence of Mrs. .1. I'arkcr I'ray Rtsidence of S. M, Sohatzkin Residence of (iustav W. Falstrom Residence of Levi II. .Vlden Residence of .Joseph Holdswnrth Residence of the late Edi. Kip Rfsidence of Willi.ini I'. (Jreenlie Residence ..l I'r.ink lluglu's The Pau'oda Hotel Thi' .New Munii'ipal Budding H..me ..f C..llcLriatc Schocd I'assaic Business Cidlege Dr. MacChesney's College. I'aterson Two \'iews of liciil ,V Harry's Print Werks The Passaic Print Wiuks The Stand.ird Bleaeluu-y. Carltnu Hill. . . . The l!..t;niy Worsted Mills .\ndrew .McLoan iV C...'~ Mill age. 131 ISI 133 135 130 138 13S 141 141 143 144 145 149 153 154 154 154 157 101 174 23!1 240 243 243 244 245 247 247 247 247 248 248 248 248 2(« 2(!3 203 2()3 204 270 274 275 276 278 282 283 284 285 287 GENERAL ILLUSTRATIONS. VII JTills (if till' (Jjii-ticld WodhMi Co 'I'lic Kiiiiiiicliiii' Wciiks Tlio >l:nili:ill:Mi Kiililicr WiirUs Two A'ii'ws .if I'niiMsoii l';ircluii('nt INiikt .Mill. I'lic I'lUiilc-c ('!u'iiiii;il \V ii-k< Til.' .Vlrxilll.liT D.vc- Wulks. I,,i,li 'J'ho rniilasotc Lcntlii'r .Mill Kritzsche Brotlu-rs' Fiirtmy, ( JmiIii'IiI Iiitcrior of I'istilliiiL' Koci.ii. Siiiiio Interior of Ciu'iiiicMl Liilioratmy. Siiiiic S( ii'iitilic Laliorat ir.v. Same N. Y. Transit ('o."s Oil riiniiiiiiv: Station I'aye. 2SS i's;i 1".MI ■312 2'.y.', J! 14 2'X, li'.IT •J! IS :i!l!l :v i( • ."il 12 Interior A'iews in Siinie Ontiloor \'ie\vs aronnil same .\i'ki'rnian l.iiiiilier Mill I5o<'tt;;er Piece Dye Works. Lodi i.Xorlli Knd). Another View of Same .Martin's Wooil.Mi Slnll I'"a< tory C Haiti- Oil Cloili .Mill, .Mlienia I ...li Ch.Mni.-al W.nks llaiiiincr'^elilaai.' .Mill, Carlield •Ih,' Okonite .Mill "Wlien Sli ;n\ iiei-ries .\re Kipe" .-.o:', .•!()4 305 307 308 309 310 313 314 31.-) 31(1 ERRATA. I'av'e 42.— Tile '•Wliite Horse Tavern" or Centniy House is a Page 7.S.— .Maym- .Mowe is ili.' ei^litli .Mayoi-. , -011111111;; Dr. mure appropriate iianie iiiider engraving than T.iuas" Hotel. Terhuue as the first. Lucas ran it only a short time. Page !I3.— The photograph ol •■Panlison Castle" was made liy Page .jlj.— Under engraving. Tin- ilate .if the destrn<-tion liy William It. Cloiigh. soii-in-law of .Mr. Saunders. tire of the tavern is i-orrec-tly given elsewhere as l.STT. INTRODUCTORY. Natural Features and Material Attractions. TlIK lily i>f Passaic- is situated :it the 1i.mi1 i>( tiilr water 111. tlie I'assnic Kiver. twelve miles iinrlliwest of New \ iirk. ciirht miles north of Newark and four miles south of I'aterson. Like another city, it is to its inhaliilaiits tlie chief jewel and centre of the niiiverso, but seo^'iaidiienlly it is in latitude 40 desirees ami .">! minutes north, lonjiitude 74 degrees and 7 minutes west of (Jrceuwich. The altitude above the sea level at the curner of Main avenue and Washington place ■ is 57 feet. The area of the city is '.i 4-5 square miles, or 2.450 acres. Its popnlatioii was 17.894 in 1895. and is now (1899) 22.500. This is, perhaps, an ultra-conservative estimate. The topograidiy is so varied and pleasing as to gratify every desire. From the commanding height of Tony's Nose, named after General Anthony Wayne, and the undulating hills and vales that lie to the west, to the almost perfect plain of the eastern part of the city, extends a panorama of beautiful variety, ditUcult to match in a city of its size. The place is con- sidered remarkalile liy all intelligent visitors for its natural beauties of location. These are enhanced by the stream, which, b.v the help of science, will in a few years be made the most beautiful and charming stream in many States. In its primi- tive beauty it inspired no less a man than AVashington Irving to write some of the most delicate and beautiful lines ever dedicated to a feature of scenery. Abounding, as it does, with beautiful, healthful and con- venient homesites for rich and poor, it has on the west a prac- tically unbounded territory to expand in. There is no exagger- ation in saying that this section comiirises the finest and best land, either for residences or business purposes, in the State: and. as any one knows who is at all familiar v>-ith New Jersey, this is saying a great deal. Its advantages have hardly been appreciated by this generation. The growth has been along the main arteries of travel, and the choicest part of the city is awaiting settlement and transportation facilities. The settled I'ortion of the city is traversed by three rail- roads, the Erie main line, with four stations in the city limits and sixt.v trains daily: a branch of the Siisi|iie!iaiiiia. and the Hoiiiitiiii liraiiih of tlii' 1 )el.iw,ire, I.aiUawaiiiia ami Weslern. There is navigation by water to New York, trolley communica- tion with New York. I'aterson and Newark, and in the near future probably with Ilackensack, while in every direction stretch wide macadam roads, which form a network of most beautiful drives. The rarest beauty of the city is found in the handsome streets lined with large, well-developed shade trees, which, in many instances, form continuous arbors, extending for miles and almost meeting across the width of the avenues. The health of the city is in keeping with all the works of nature in the locality. Statistics show that it is one of the healthiest places of its size in New .Jersey. Industrially, the city has a high rank in the iiianufacture of woolvn goods, print cloths, plushes, cotton cloths and mos- ipiito nettings, insulated wires and submarine cables, rubber belting, hose and bicycle tires, while silks, chemicals and handkerchiefs are produced, and enameline stove polish and artificial parchment paper are products that are peculiar to it. The factories, with two exceptions, are in a group in the <'astern part of the city, on either side of a canal supplying power and water. Socially, the city is eiiuipiied with numerous churches, schools, societies, clubs, hospitals, charitable organizations and a librar.v. any or all of which would be In be given In this book. History of Passaic, N. J. CHAPTER L ITS GEOLOGICAL HISTORY. How it Once Was Off the Continental Coast — The Glacial Lake Nearby During the Age of Ice The Origin of the Red Sandstone Beds, the Gravel and the Boulders. TII1*-KK ;irr twn \\ ;i\s ill wiiicii ;i frw w'onls nii.iilit Ik* saifl n'^^■l^||ill^ the jrcnln^ry nl" tile ilistrict siirrniiiMliii^r I':iss;iic. We iiiif-'lit set cult iiiiil ili'srrilic the kinds cif nx-k niul soil fiiiiiMl hfivalMHits. ^iviiif,' their iiicchiiniciil nnrt chpiiiicjil stnic- tii:'". ; lul the iTsiilt would lir pretty dry ri'iulin;;. Injisiiiiich j\s this is ail historical work, we iiiifilit choose the second alter- native, and treat of the jioology historically. 'I'lie latter is lirolialdy the more interestinir. For a startiiif.' point we will ^'o hack a lew million years, to n time when man was lint a vasiiie promise — to a time known ,ts the Red !.'rew forests of cycads. trees re- lated to [lalms. and resembliiisr palmettos in appearance. These were interspersed with jrionps of cone-beariuR trees resenibliiii; our modem cypress. Ferns there were also in jiiiniidance. both lar^e and small, together with clnb mosses. In the marshes drew taiifrles of slender, liranchless trunks, which we call calamites. They are allied to our modern horse-tail rushes, but. while the latter are sli'iidcr. herbaceous plants, the foiiner were' of the size of trees and had partially woody trunks. Insects ue know existed, for they have lc>ft traces in the mild. Tojtetlur with the markings of insects on the ex- posed mud banks are fcuiiid many }.'i;;antic three, four and tive- tc cd tracks of strantie-lookiii}: reptiles, which frei|iieiited the niiid-tlats— some to prey on the tish that iiirkcd in the shallow pools. otliiTs to cicip the- lank vef;etation that overhiin;; the b.-niks. More modein-lookini; animals could be seen in the shape of small, fox-like, ponched ca-eatiires. the precursors of all of oiir modern four-footed friends. Birds there might have 1 II. Certainly there were llyiiis.' rc'ptiles. and others of the reptile class that partocdc of tlu' nature of both birds .ind reptiles, so that we scarcely know what to call them. As time passed, tlie extensive layers of mud increased in thickness, until they were several hundred feet thick, (iradually hardeniuK and forniiiif; the sandstones and shales which under- lie Passaic, and which are well exposed in different spots around the town, (biod exposures may be observed on La- fayette avenue, near the High School: also on the Boulevard, near Bloomtield avenue: also near Bloonitield avenue, south of the Ilcdawarc. Lackawanna and Western Kailroad. and at various otlic^r points. It is this sanilstone thai provides Pas- saic with its fine spring water and Its big ipiarrii'S. Near the dose of the period of the formation of these beds occurred a mighty u|dieaval. W'r clo not know the exact cause. Si'tlUe it to say that vast ciuantitics of molten rock were forced throiigh the beds of sandstone, folding, cracking and tilting thcni. riicsc' masses of molten rock .von see at the present da.v ill 'he Palisades that skirt the New Jersey shore of the Hud- son, and ill the trap ridges that fcu'iii \hf monutains west of here, and that proirucle throiigii ilic' I Lickeiis.-ick Meadows, forniing Snake llill. From this period \vc> mn>t lake a long skip, during which geological hisloiy was being made elsewhere on the continent, and get down to almost modem times — the time of the mas- todon and the vcioly rhinoceros, when perhajis iirimitive man first aiipeared on Ihe scene, trreat glaciers, or fields cjf ice, ad- vanced fic.m the north, killing .-iiicl driving before Ihi'iii the aiiincals and plants, scratching and s I>iiig cuit the exposed land surfaces, and carrying soiirhw.ircl lnnilclers and beds of sand anci gravel. This mantle of siiow .nid ice reached as far south as ( 'central New .Tersey and covered all of the .Xorthern I'liited States, as well as Europe and Asia. .Vfter a time the ice ficdds receded. leaving lieiiind the sand and roi-ks wliic'h they carried. Now occurred a long interval, during which the climate was warm. followed ley aiioiher advance of ic-e. InterestiiiL' in lliis ccninectioii is ilie large glacial laki' which existed .iiisl north and wesi nl where Passaic now stands, and whic'i gecdogists have naiiied "Lake Passaic." It was about thirty n iles long by about ten wide, and lilli'd the- basin north- west ol the Third Mountain. Its northern shore was formed by vast lielcls of I.e. W'hethc'r its outlet was at Liberty Cor- ner in Somerset County, or through the (Jreai Not<-h. or uuder- iiealli the ii-e which blocked the gorge at Little Falls, is a moot 'd ciiicsliciii :iiiiong geologists. The lake was not of many years" duration, for the ice lields soirn iic-edeo. to reliir more, leaving behind the present siibsi.il and surface, boulders. From then until the present time the topogra|ihy heri^abonts has siilTcnil no i-hanges ex- cept those slow ones di|.. to the ai-ii.m ..I wind and w.itiT during all 'he yc.trs. .Many intciesting features of glacial action are to be found in the vinnit.i of Passaic, such as the immense laiid of Newfonndlaml .liiiu' I'l. H!I7. and froiii there saileil down Ilie coasi III the (Jnlf nf Mcxiio. 'Pliey in.ide landiiifls at v.-irions places, and took possession in the name of the King of Kiifiland. For nearly a centnry thereafter no advantage of this discovery was taken hy the English. Queen Elizabeth. in 1584. granted to Sir Walter Kahdgh. by patent, authority to discover, occupy and govi^rn ■'reinole heathen and barbarous countries not previously possessed by any Christian people or prince." I'nder this comiiiission Kaleigh sent out two ships. wliich landed at Roanoke, look possession of the country and called it Virginia. Two unsuccessful attempts were made, in 15S.T and l.'iilO. to establish settlements. The bounds of Virginia were considered as extending from North Caroiina to Maine, including \ew .lersey. This country was divided into North and South Virginia, The patent for the North was. in 1(>(M>, granted by King .James to Thoni.i> Hanham and his as^■o(■iates. who were called the riymoutU Brethren. In this grant thv' previous palent to Kaleigh was entirely ignored. In 1009 Henry lludson. an Knglish maiiiur in the en.- ploy of the Dutch East India Company, m attempting to find the Northwest Passage, e.itered Delaware Bay, on August •_'.s. in the ship "Half Moon." From there he sailed up the coast and anchored within Sandy Hook, September 3, lOO'J. Hudson made nearby explorations, sailing up the Hudson to assure himself that it was not an arm of the sea leading le India. On September II, he records, he iliscuvi-red ".i ii.ino" river" to the west of the Narrows. This is considered the con- fluence of the Passaic and Hackensack rivers. Hudson sailed for lioine on Octola r 4. l(lll!l. The Dutch did not sleep .>ii their discovery for an hundred years. In 1010 the East India Company despatched more than one vessel to trade with ihe Indians for riirs. A fort was erected on Manhattan Isl.ind. and the settlement there became New Amsterdam. The i-.anie of the entire colony, which in- cluded New .lersey. was New Netherlands. The first settle- ment in this State was made by the Dutch in lOlS. in the present Jersey City, which they called Bergen. England had never abandoned her sovereignty over North ,\merica, based on prior disi-overy. .lealous of the progress made by the Dulch. Charles II in 10r,4 sent a small fleet to r.iptiire llie New Ncllicrlands. which was surremlered to Eng- land in Ihe latter part of that year. King Charles had al- ready, on .March 211. 1004. made an extensive grant of his .vet- nncaplurcd possi'ssion to his brother, the Duke of York, who ANCIENT DUTCH MAP OF NEW JERSEY. christened it New York. On .Tune 2,3, in the same year, the Di'ke of York conveyed New ,Iersey to Lord Berkeley and Sir (Jcorge Carteret. The consideralion was ten shillings and THE NEWS HISTORY OF PASSAIC. icii ajiiiiiiil rent of (iiic priiiiorciini. tn lie \r.\ul on llic fcjist of tile nativity of St. .lohii tlie Haptist. if li'^-ally (U'liuiiidi'il. 'I'lie botindjiiii's of the land (.'fimtod wcic: ■'Hoiindi'd on the east part by the main sea and part by Hnw .Jersey." Berkeley and Cartirct dicu \ip a consiiiulioii for the colony, secnriuf; equal piivile^:es and liberty of eon.sciencG to all, an74 (Jov- ornor Kdmuiiil .\iidros n( .New Y'ork c'lainicil jurisdiction over New .lersey also. In liiT.'i I'liibii Carteret returned as (Jov- «'rnoi-. and ciiiitinued until IHSI. The luoviiici' was divided on .Inly 1. ICTti. into K.isl and West .lersey. Sir (leor^re Car- teret beeominfr the owner of lOast .lersey and l.ipi'd Berkeley retaining the other half. He died in ItiT'.l. and his will ili- recled that Kast .ler.sey be sold lo pay his debts. The sale was ui.idc to William I'eiin. Itobert West. Tli.uiias IJudyard. Samuel (Jrooiuc. Thomas Hart. Kichard .\Icw. Thomas Wil- cox, of l.oud'iii iixnlilsmillii. .\mbrose KiL'L'. .lolm Il.iyw I. i[ii;.'li Ilartshornc. Cli'iiient I'lumsted ami Tliom.is Cooper, wli'i were called the twelve proprietors. 'I'licsc twelve diil not Ion;; hold the province to themselves, but by scparati' deeiis took each a partner, whose naini's were: .I.-uneF I Karl of I'd'tb' .loliii Drumnioud. U.iherl Harcl.iy. Robert (iordon. .\areiit Soiniians. (Jowcn I.awrii'. lOdw.inl Hylliii;;i'. .laiiies Braiai . William (iibson. Thomas BarkiT, Koberl Tinner and Thomas Waiee. These, u itli the other twelve, were called the twcnly- four proprii tors. To ilu'in the Duke of York made a lew i;raiil .March 14. UiSi.'. Robert Barclay was the HrsI ^-overnor of Hast .lersey under the new administration. But the twenty-four proprietors were nnabli' to at't'ee. Kach promoted separate schemes for his own interests. The contending fac'tions could not be recon- ciled, and. weary of strust'linK with each other, and with the people, they surrendered their rights to the crown, which siirremler was accepted by Queen Anue. April 17. 17(12. Im- mediatidy upon the surrender East and West .Jersey were re- united in one province under Lord Corubur.r. who arrived in .\ii;.'ust. 170:1. The commi.ssiou and instriietioiis issued tn the new ),'overniu- by the tjiieen formed the constitution of the province until the Declaration of Independence. The govern- ment consisted of the governor and twelve councillors, ap- pointed by the crown, and an assembly of twenty-four mem- bers elected by the people. I.oril Ccu-nbnry's commission was revoked in 17li.s. Lord l,.ivebice was appointed his successor December 20, 1708. but he died in .May. 17o!l. and was succeeded l.v Lieutenaiit-(iOV- eriior ln::oldsliy. who served till (Jovernor Hunter arrived, in 17111, I'ollowing him. in 1720. came William Burnett, under wlioiii began th<' paper currency in New .Jersey. .John Mont- g. .\t his death the othce devolved upon .lohn .Vudcrsoii. the president of the council, who lived only twi> weeks to eii,io,A- the Imiior. .lohn Hamilton was acting governor till 17.'1S. w lien a commissicui arrived for Lewis Morris, who died in 171il, He was sui-ceeiled by I'resident Hamilton, who soon died. ,inil .bdin Heailing, the next oldest councillor, exer- lisril the functions until .Jonathan Belcher arriveil with his lommissiiin. He died in 17."')7. and President .lohn Heading again administered the otlice. till Francis Bernard was com- missioned in 17."iS. Miuiias Boone succeeded him in 1700. only to give place, in 1701. to .losiah Hardy, who was succeeded, ill 1711:!, by \\'illiam I'ranklin. the last of tiic royal govcrmu-s. He was ilie son of Benjamin Fr.-inklin. The last meeting id' the provincial legislature convened .November HI. 1 77."i. and was pnu'ogned by (Jovernor Franklin to .lanuaiy .".. 1770, It never reassembled. The provincial c. ingress of .New .lersey met on .lune 10 at Burlington. At the sanu' time tlie geiieial congress of the united lolonies was in session .-it I'hiladi Ipliia. and on .Inly i. 177i;. ihc colonies ileclared themselves independent of Croat Britain. On .Inly IS the provincial congress assumed the title of the State Con- vention of New .lersey. The first legislature of llic inilcpi'iideiit Slate mi't .11 riiiiceioii oil ,\iigiisi 27. and on ilie .'list William Livingston w:is chosen .governor on joiiil ballcii. He died in 17',(((. (f^SSf*^ CHAPTER IIL THE RED MAN'S REIGN AND FALL. New Jersey Inhabited By the Warlike Delawares or Leni -Lcnappes — Their Characteristics and Customs- How Their Land Was Peacefully and Honorably Acquired — Indian Remains In Passaic THIO lii'st visit of Krii- nl' Iii-lnml In tlic- .\iMci-ii-;iii coiui- iicnt. ill A. D. 980, fuuinl lln- Iiidiniis in possossioii. II.iw or wluMi tlioy cniiic lirii' ilucs mil lom-orii us now Till' AiiuTiciii liiiri:iiis ;in' lor (■onvouienci' jirniiped in <'it;lit<'t'U ilivisioiis. The AlKomniin f:iiiiil.v mniil)ci'C(l t\ (luiii-tcr nl a million souls, and occupied the ti'i-ritory from the Atlanlir Oi'oan to the Kocl;y Mountains, and from Canada In Soiiiii Carolina. Tlic country between tlie Delaware and Hiidsni] rivers, most of wtiicli is I'ow included in New .lersey. was called hy tliem ••S<-lipyiehl)i." The New .lersey tribe was the Leui-LeiiaiMie. or Delaware tribe. The Mohicans, .\dirondacks and Jlanliatlans of New York State and tlie Shawnees of rennsylvaiiia all belouK^d to the same branch .>r llic .\l;.'oiiiiuiii family (the KasternI as the Leni-I-enappes. Tlie Irilie was ilivided into smaller tribes or elans, sueli .is ilic l'c>nii>loiis aiid the Ilai-liensacky clans. The latter had ils heaihiuarters at Hackensack. and Passaic was occupied by pari of this clan. The I.eni-Lenapl'es wi'i-e a bold, liardy and iiiimcruiis Iribc. of whom other tribes stood in ni.utal terror. Tlicy were re- lentless in warfari'. thou^'li not easily pnvvoked lo strife. Holh physically and mentally tliey were stronc and well devoloiied. The men were of excellent physiijue. quilc' t.ill. and ;;cii erally roliust. They had mafinificent chests. Their hands and feet were small. The women were much sm.-iller than tlu' Mien. Both sexes had small black eyes and black hair. The eombiiiatii'ii of .1 lar^'e inoiilli and lliiii lips was the rule. Their Icclli wen' wi^ll preserved, and tnolliai-lie was unbe.ir.l of. The beards and eyebrows of llic iiii-n wi-rc Ueiil pulled out. the process beiu;: both tedious and paiiitul. Tlic li.iir of the women was allowed to ki-ow Ion);, and hiin:; in two braids at the back. The customary dress of the men was a sirdle. to which a breech-cloth was attached, ami from which de peiided lefisiiifs. The women won' le^'^'iiit-'s. a short skirt and a loose jacket. The average diuation ..f life was much less than aiiioiii; the whites. Few readied sixty years of age. In spile of his wonderful physicpie and natural mode of life, the red man suffered ^'ri-atly from ihcuuiatrsm. which was frequent and severe. Childri'ii playi'd until the a^'e of .seven at cames familiar to all yoiin;; .\nicricans. Then they began to prepare for their life's work. The boys learned hunting, tishiug and the use of the weapons of war. The girls prepared themselves fur ihc manifold tasks of tlicir mothers. For. in addition to ordinary household duties, the women cul the wood, built the huts and the stationary lodges, made the portable ones, laniied and dressed the skins. lilliMl the soil and kept everything in repair. Marriage occurred usually at llie age of fourteen. When a youth . ..iicbidi'd '.<< marry, lie pin on his di'crskin robe, cover- ing Ills head, walked lo the abodi- of his lady lovi-. and sat diiwn ill silence for a few miniiles. Then he departed, re- turning till' third day. If the seat of honor was prepared for him. he would sit down and iiiieover his face. IJi- hail been accepted. The young lady woiilil then appear with her father, whose consent was foriiiall.v asked for. and given. .Vfler this brief eonrlship the lover would cjeparl to prepare ,1 least for his friends, and get their expressions of opininn upon the imporlani subject. If these were favorable, the two families would then agree upon the price to be paid for the bride. T'pon payment the union followed witlmui further eere- iiiony. rolygauiy was not prohibited. The burial customs were highly eeremoiiial. When an Indian died lamentations were heard until the day of burial. Then the corpse was jilaeed in a silting posture in the grave, facing sunrise. The dead man was surrounded by articles he was supposed to need in his long death jouriie.v— his bow and aiTo\\s. ^^'anlpllIll. kettle, pipe and tobacco, and a small quan- tity of ni both as allies and custonu'rs. They inuuediately be^an business by trading; with the natives for furs and game and purchasing' Iheir land. Of the extinguishment of the red m;in"s tilli- I" the soil it is necessary to say little exceiit that it was piMi itnl. The mode of acquiring their land was muih the same in all of the <()louies. (Jenerally blankets, jugs of rum, strings of wampum, guns and haiulfids of powder were exchanged for treaties and deeds which conveyed great areas. In New .Jersey the early settlers, before accjuiring legal titles from Ilic Lords I'rcipriclnrs. were cibligc<1 to 17.58, at Crosswicks. Uurlington anil Eastoii. The final one was at Easton. when (Jovernor Hernard. the live com inissioners and Lientenant-(!overnor Denny ol I'ennsyl- vania met in i-onvention fivi' hundred and seven Indian ilrh- gates from fourteen different tribes. This rcsnlled in coii- veyauc-es being luade which, it was supposed, entirely freed the province from all n.ative claims. In \S:\2. however, the .New .lersey Legislature appropriated .$2.(11111 to pay t'oity Indians, the last reinnanl of their tribe, for the hunting and tishing rights, which, they claimed, had not been includeil in the Eastoti transfer. The cidonial history of New .lers<'y bears almndant testi- tiLony to the eciuitable dealings of tlii' New .lersey Dutch with tbo Indians. The Six .Nations, al .1 inreting bidd to confirm till- aits of till' l-;nston lonri-rmie. limiori-il thr L'ovi-rnor ot the province with the tillo Sagorigliweyoglista- tlir (Ireal .\ibitiT rs and inhabitants," he sa.vs, "that they are reall.v serviceable and advantageous to them, not only in hunting and taking the deer and all other wild creatures, and cali-hinu of fish .■mil fowl fit for find in flieii- seasons; but in the killing and destroying of bears, wolve.s. foxes and other vermin, whose skins and furs they bring the English and sell !it less jirice than the value of the time people must spend to take them." Me also says that no danger may be appre- hended from the Indians, who were very peaceable. East .lirsey was at this time under English ride, and the Proprie- tors consideriil the publication of the book an advantage to their property. They made a grant of 5()0 acres of land in .Moninoiilh Cnunty on .Inly 28, 1(585. "in consideration of cer- tain ails provocative to the advantage of tlie province." .V writer in ItiTS. speaking of the Indians, says: "Some are a\it to ask how we can propose safely to live amongst such a heathen people as the Indians, whose iirinciples .inil praitiies lead them to war and bloodshed, and onrs. on llie contrary, to love our enemies'? I answer, we settled by the Indians' consent and good liking, and bought the land of them that we settle on. which they conveyed to us li.v deeds under their own hands and seals, and also submitted to several articli's lit agreement with us. not to do us any injury. But if it should happen that any of their people at any time should injure or do harm to any of us. then they have to make ns satisfaction for the injury done: therefore if they break these covenants ami agreements, then in ciinsei|uence of tlioni they may be proceedeil against as other offendi'rs. "Tile Indians have been ver.v serviceable to ns by selling us vinisiiii. Indian corn, peas and beans, fish and fowl, buck- skin, beaver, otter and other skins and furs. The men hunt. fish .ind fowl, and the women plant the corn and carry bur- Ilicns. There are many of them of good understanding, con- sidering their education, and in their public meetings of busi- ness flu'y liavo excellent order, one speaking afler anolher, and while one is speaking all the rest keep silent, and do not so miii-li as whisper one to the other." .Vnotlirr writi-r s.-iys in .-i letti-r to a friend: "The Indians are vory loving to ns. cMcpt here and there one. when they havo gotten strong liquors in their heads, which they now greatly love." INDIAN PREVENTS A SLAVE FPIUSINC. A story of local interest is relatnl to slio« that these friendly feelings were of long duration, and were iii-ver ter- minated while the tribes orcupied the State. .lust uiion the southern rily limits, on the bank of the river, tliere was a dis- tillery early in the last century. One stormy night an Indian Iroin the camp, then situated in our present Dundee, was caught in a driving gust of snow and sleet on his way home. To protei-t himself from the storm, he iiept close to the side of the distillery, and lay down to rest. While there be s.aw a THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. nmnhor of iickim sliivos a|>pi-i>acli and iMitcr the liiiiMiiin. Lis- teiiiniir to thi'ir cDUversation liu Icanicil nf a pint to imirJer all till- wliite settlers. He Imiiiediately left midiseovered, and revealed his diseovery to l»irk Vi-eelaml and other white men. A posse was soon collected, the ilistillciy was quietly sur- rounded and the conspirators taUen captives hy surprise. They were bound with ropes and taken to the county jail at New- ark. In due time they were imliitecl Inr ( spiracy. and sen- tenced to loll}; terms in prisim. •riii: (iriiKK siiiK oi' riu; i'k Trui:. This liariuonioiis state was. however. sulijiMt to interrup- tions. In 1(!4;5 there had l)een maltreatment jiiid rei>risals on lioth sides. The killiiifr of an inoffensive old man in Man- hiittan anil of (Jarret Janseii \aii \'oist. near Hackensack. caused Director-General Kieft of New Amsterdam ti> make a secret league with the Mohawk Indians, who wrrr at war with the Tappans, Haverstraws and Hackensack Indians. In the dead of winter these tierce warriors swept down on their enemies, killini; many and driving the remainder to Man- hattan. They were kindly received, and did not suspect, neither did many of the whites, that Kieft was in league with their enemies. The Imlians .soon moved their temporary camp to Pavonla. now .lersey City, and on February 2.5, 1G43, Kieft's soldiers crossed the river at night and attackecl the Indians while the.v slept. The slaui.'ht<'r of men. women ami children was dreadful, and not till llie massacre was over did the Ilaekensacks realize that the Mohawks were not their at- tackers. The survivors wageil a relentless war of revenge upon the whites, killing the men and dragging women and cbildn-n into eaptiviiy. Inirning houses and barns, destroying grain ami stacks and laying waste the plantations. From the Hudson to the Delaware no white man was safe uiilil peace was restored. August 20. I~i. when one Septem- ber night Indians robbed the apple orchard of Henry Van DycU on Manhattan Island. While defending his fruit. Van Dyck accidentally shot an Indian girl. A murderous warfare broke out again. Five hundred warriors landed on the islainl at night to search for \'aii I>yck. The.v found him in a neigh- bor's house and woundeil him. killing his friend. The garri- son being aroused, the Indians were driven to their canoes. The.v crossed the river, burned down I'avonia. and then harried Stateii Island. One hundred whites were killed and one hundred anil fifty taken prisoners. Tin- prisoners were ransomed by (Jovernor Peter Stiiyvesant at the rate of sev- enty-eight pounds of powder and forty staves of lead for every twenty-eight [irisoners. A new treaty was made and faithfully kept thereafter. In northwestern New .lersey there were fiostilities as late as t7,w, although the Poniptons and Minsies. having sold their lands, moved to Pennsylvania in 1737. The outbreak was caused by deceptions practiced on the Indians in buying lands in Northampton and Pike louiities. The war was carried across the Delaware, and from May, 17.">7. to ,Tiini'. 17.")S. twenty-.seven white persons were murdered oy Indians in Sussex County. The Easton treaty of 17."S init an end to Indian raids in New .Terse.v forever. In the Dutili skirmishes with the Indians the English from hong Island, together with such as were settled among the Dutch, joined them in frequent sallies to annoy the Indians. In one of these expeditions up a ,Tersey river, lielieved to have been the Passaic, one of the party, iiion- bold or curious than the rest, went on .■ihe.-id. He walkcil into an Imliaii cani|) before he knew it. .V nuinlier of savages were seated togi-ther. They saw him and he saw thoni. Pulling n paper from his pocket, he walked boldly into their council, saying that he was the bearer of peace proposals from the govern- ment at .New York. He read at random from the paper in his hand, and by this stratagem got away unmolested. Later he led a party against the village, which surrounded it and set Hre to it on the windward. The dosety built wigwams, made of bushes, covereil with bark, burneil with great vio- lence, and the village was destroyed. Notwithstanding Iheli surprise, the Indians fought with dexterity and courage, but being ouliinmbered. many were killed. I'KKll..^ OK .\N H.VIIl.V WOMAN .>lace that evening. Sending to the fields for her husband, she told him of her discovery. He was incredu- lous, but she said that her Indian friend had never deceived her, and that with her ihildren she would go. When she was gone her husband took the matter more seriously. He and five or six m'ighboi-s mounted guard, ami about midnight the settlement was surrounded by Indians. The inhabitants ex- postulated with them, and threatened to sell their lives very dearly. Their arguments prevailed, and the Indians entered into ,1 Iragiie. wliiili was kept inviolate for many years. 10 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. From till' woman tlnis iiiirarulciMsly savfil is ilrsfonih-il a nmnerous posterity nf tlic luiim- nl' Stmit. at pri'si'iit in- liahitiiiK Xew Jersey. Slie retained her scars through a long life, had several children and lived to the age of one hundred and ten. Before her death she saw her offspring multiplied to five hundred and two, in about eighty-eiglit years. One of her female descendants married a Mr. Weart. of Mercer County, who.se son was named Spencer Stout Weart. His son. James Manners Weart, born iu 1838, has the honorable distinction of having been the first volunteer under Lincoln's first call for troops, in April, ISIil. Another son, Jacob, was for many years one of New Jersey's leading lawyers. .lacob Weart married Catherine, the daughter of Walling Van WinUle, whose homestead in Bergen County, just across the County Bridge, is now known as Mar(m"s Hotel. liELKJlorS WdKK A.MOXC. THE IXin.VXS. It is pleasant to i)ass from this turbulent record to an ac- count of the religious work among the Indians at this place performed by the Rev. John Brainerd. He was afterward ap- pointed by the Governor, on .March 22. 1702. Superintemlent and Guardian of Indians at Brotherton, in this State. For a few years he was in charge of the First Presbyterian Church at Newark. He came here and preached to the Indians. Iu his diary he thus speaks of his preaching: "August S. 174-4 — In the afternoon I preached to the Indians; their nundn'r was now ab:>ut sixty-five persons, men, women and cbildrcTi. I discoursed from Luke xiv., lt!-2;i and was favored with \incomni(Mi freedom. There was iniu-h concern among them while I was discoursing publicly; but afterward, when I spoke to one and another more particularly, whom I lierceived under uncommon concern, the power of God seemed to descend upon the assembly 'like a mighty, rushing wind.' and with an astonishing energy liore down all before it. I stood amazed at the iuHuence which seized the audience almost universally, ami could compare it to nothing more aptly than a mighty torrent, that bears down and swei'ps before it what ever is in its way. .\lmost all persons of all ages were bowed down together, and scarce one was able to withstand tbi> shock of the surprising operation. Old men and women, who had been drunken wretches for years, and some little chililren, not more than six or seven years of age, apiieared in distress for their soids, as well as persons of middle age. "A principal man among them, who before thought Ins slate good, because he knew more than the gener.-ility of the Indians, and who with great confidence the day before' told me that h.' had been .-i Christian for more than ten years, was now brought under solemn concern for his soul and wept bitter- ly. .Vuotlier man. considerable in years, who had been a iiiurdirer. a iKiwwaw. and a notorious drunkard, was likewise brought now to cry for mercy with many tears, and to com- plain much that he could be no more coiicerneil. when h.^ s:mv his danger so gre.at." He goes on at great length speaking of their deep, sincere mourning. On August !• he preached again, when many UKU-e were converted, and says in closing: "It was very affei'ling to see the iM)or Indians, who the other day were yelling in their idolatrous feasts, now crying to (Joil with such importunity lor an interi'st in His dear Son." Illl-: rSK dl' \\A\1ITM AS MONHV. For many years wampum. Ihi' Indian ninney. was the chief currency of the country. Eight white wampum m- four black passed as a stiver iHutch two cents or (UU' penny English inoneyl. Twenty stivers made a guilder (aliout thirty-eight i-enls. or one shilling and nine pencei. Tlw white' wampum was wiu-ked out of the inside of the shell of the great conch into the form of a beail. and perforated to string on leather. The black, or purple, was worked out of the inside of a mussel IU- clam shell. They were gathered in strings i-alled belts, which were sometimes as broad as .iiie's hand and about two feet long. They were commonly given at treaties as seals of friendship. For a smaller matter a single string was given. Every bead had a known value. In lU'li six white or four black were made equal to a [lenny. A SI .M.MAKV OF LAWS CONCERM.VG IXIU.V.NS. It will lie ajiproiiriate lo closi- this ai-count of the dealings of the early settlers with the natives b.v appending a list of the early laws resiH-cting the Indians, the orrginal language and spelling being preservi'd: ll)C)S.— Xo purchases of cattle to In- made from them. Com- mission aiipointed to treat with the Indians concerning the ranging of cattle. 1('72.— Providing that the land be purchased from the In- dians by the (Jovernor and Council in the name of the Lords Proprietors. T>7.">.— That a fortification should be built in every town for .securing women and children, provision and ammunition, in case of imminent danger of the Indians. Inilians were not to be supplied in any way with anjEnuni- tiou or gun.s. and all blacksiuiths, gunsmiths ami other per- sons were forbidden repairing guns for Imlians. Hi?!). — Xo foreigners to trade with the Indians. Liipiors not to be sold to them. Xo Indian drest skins to be transported. Xov. 21! set aside as Thanksgiving Day for deliverance frciui Indian troubles. lliS2. — Providing punishiuents to all from whose house a drunken Indian shall be seen to come. .\o person to tre.at with the Imlians without license from the (Jovernor. l(i!)2. — Prohibiting sale of liepior to the Indians. THE IXIUAX SETTLE.MKXr IX PASSAIC. Passaic is rich in written and oral recoi-ds of the presence of the Indians, ami, even if both were lacking, many visible traces of their occupation have been found. The natural ad- vantages of the site appealed to them, and they formed here .1 settlement next in size to their headijuarter:. at Ilackensack. where their councils were held. Their feasts and dances were belli ni'ar thi' Kingslaiul paper mills, on the Yantacaw Creek, at Iielawanna. Their principal settlement was in the parr nf the city now known as Dundee, and occupied what has always been known as the Xeck or Point iStoffel's Point, see Chap. IV), which incluiled the land lying east of about where Third street miw is, ami bounded on three sides by the river. Kefereuce is made to this village in a survey made for Christopher Hoag- land in lfi7S. This site was at the head of tide waU'r. and being almost surroundeil by the river, afforded gooil fishing. Tile neighboring woods were full of gano'. The land between the present Wall street ami the channel fnrming Dundei' Island \\:is then high enough to proti'ct their homes from freshets. The lodge of their chief was on this high ground, upon which they erected their permanent houses. In later times these are described as being substantially built. They were circular in form, and could accommodate several families. In liuilding thi^m the sod was carefully rennned and the ground excavated fm- a foot or so. T'pright posts, ten feet high, were rangi'il armmd the lircle. Later these were boarded on the outside. Kafters were placed in position and thatched with straw covered with sod. Then' were no windows, and the light could enter oidy through the small door and the chimney hole at the ajiex of the roof, .\ fireplace occupied the I'cntre of the lodge, while wooden bunks were ranged arouml the sides, two feet above the gremnd. These were stuffcl with leaves. Plenty of deer and other skins covered the lloors and beds. Simpler lodges, shaped like ordinary round tents, were siatteri'.l over the rest of the Point. These were construeted THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. U iif imlfs. envonMl wiili skins. Tlic firi'iiliicc was in tlip ci-ntre in these iiIsd. ami iinMiinl it were mats for sittinK and rocllniii);. The iliii'f live.l ill a pernianont lodjte. iitui ailniinistereil llie iifl'airs uf thf Irihe. assisted hy a eiinneii nf u ip|' liis (^\^ 11 elloi<-e. Neailiy was tlie principal liiiryini; crimiid id' Ilu' villa);e. Il nestled under the pri)teetint' anus of lartfe elms, more re- cent t'l-owtlis of which may still he seen on tlie spot. Sealtc^red thiiiiit.'li this little cemelery were upright posts, which marked the i:r.ivcs the Iii.liaiis lielil so sacred. They were marked with iiisrri|iiiciiis ill pictiire-w riliuK, some elalxu-ately reconlin:; I lie di'cds of a ;;reat chief or hold warrior. There was another settlement aloiiR the hank of the river, exteiidinc from the site of Speer's Chaleaii. northerly, to ilic foot of Park place, and a little lieyond. Here were the winter quarters for those who. ihniUKh age or inlirmity. could not endure the in<'leinent weather at the more exposed situation on the Toint. The Indians, while they reciuired old folks and the woiiieu to do lahorious niaiiual work, were very considerate of their comfort. ThorouKh arrausements were made at the winter settlement for ihe care of the sick, the comfort of the awed and the protecti(Ui of the weaker women and children. This spot was sheltered from the hleak. north winds by a bank, thirty feet hifrli. which nITorded ^'rratcr wnriiiih. hecause its top was well wooded. Here. also, was their hospital, or. as they culled it. their '"sick-house." It was a dupiut in the hillside. The i.iic small aperture answered as chimney, window, ventilator ami door. It was open at all times tn the sick, intirm and .ajied. .V lire was kept constantly lnuiiiii^'. and the patieut would stay and sweat himself to his pleasure. lUieumatism heiuf; their most common ailment, this Turkish hath was uiiuh resorted to. An old resident lately stated to the writer that his father had seen what was [loiuted out as the remains of this old •"sick-liouse." The winter settlement was hesiile the tr.iil that passed aloni; the river's edge. This path was in existence, and actu- ally in use, as late as IStJO, when it was closed to the public. It has now entirely disappeared. Dundee Island, which lay adjacent to the main sett lenient, and nearly the whole of Iluiidee west of Second street were then thickly wooded, while a heav.v growth of timber friu>;ed the river banks which bounded the "Neck." The cleared land between these houmlaries was iriveti over to cultivation by the Indians, who had their great corn Held on the ground now oc-- cupied by stores, tenements and mills. Corn thrived on the sandy soil, and was raised in great iiuantitles. It was planted in early spring, and hoed twice, the last time about the middle of .lune, when the men would leave lUi a hunting trip. They Would Hot return until early in September, when the corn would be cut, husked, shelled anil stored for winter use. THE ()I,I> l.Mll.VN IKSIi WKIU. The river furnished sustenance, besides the Meld and the forest. To a savage people, depending iirincipally on the un- certainties of the chase for life, the question of food for use iu llieir liiuiliiig or warlike expeditions was of the first conse- quence. Our Indian predecessors made their tisheries pro- ductive. In the I'assaic Kiver, in the vicinity of tlu' extensiiui «( President street, above and bi-lnw a suiall island lalled Weasel Island, are the remains of what appear to hv small stone dams, extending iu a semicircle from either bank to about the iitre n( the stream. Here there is an opening forming a sluice. The enclosure thus formed caught great ipiantitii's of fish, to be afti'rward sniokeil for the year's food. It is well known that even iu receut years shad and bass in im- inense hcIiooIk were in the habit of running iqi the river in the spring. In the sluice was a wooden weir, which ciudd he raiseil or lowered at will. When the lisli were running up the river, the weir was lowered in Ihe liiwi-r sluice until enough had gone upstream. Then one end was raised to the surface, the othiT resting on the bed of the river. Onr- end of the upper weir was also raiseil to within a loot or ,so of the snrfiici.. while till- other rested ,in the bottom. The canoes were then paddled up stream for, pt-rliaps, a mile, when Ihe fishermen would turn and <'oine slowly back. Ihoroiighly beating the waters and driving the fish into the enclosure, to he captured at leisure. The fish were corraled at high water, and caught when the water had subsided. The Dutch word for a sluice is "sloot," and il is for this reason that they named the locality Slauler Dam iSlooier Dami. THKii; i-i:.\sri.\(; iHtovi; ,\t di:i,.\w.\n.\.\. The Imlians h(dd their feasts and ceremonial dances at Delawanna. near Yantacaw pond. The fine groves, upland ami meadow made it an ideal spot for their festivities. Once a year they had their great gatherings— in the fall, at a time corresponding to our Thanksgiving. They had harvested their crops, dried and roasted their com, gathered and stored nuts. Much of the winter's firewood had been collected in great piles at their winter quarters, and all who were to stay at the winter camp had left their summer homes. Then, too. just at this lime the hunting season, extending from .lune to Oe- tolier. was over, and Ihe game and fish had been smoked, cured and stored. The hunters had brought home skins and pelts, which had been prepared for garments and bed cover- ings. The attendance at these games was swelled to large num- bers by the visits from the neighboring I'omiitons, liaritans, Tappans and other clans of the Hackensack tribe. It was at these feasts that the prowess of the wrestler, the skill of the ar-I0." Wintield's scholarly "History of Hudson County" distinctly says that no settlement was made north of Hoboken previous to 1C43, but there may have been prospectors, or even actual settlers, here in 1040. Tlie first recorded settlement iu the counties of E.sscx, Hudson. Bergen or Passaic was at Commnnipaw, now part of Jersey City. The first white settler was Jan Evertse Bout, in Kl.'i-t. He was am-nt for Nicholas Pauw until he sold to the Dutch West India Company, and .ibout l(io,S rented the com|iany's farm. At Ahasimu.-, lived the family of Cornelis Van Vorst. de- ceased, whose widow married Jacob Stoftelson. Stoffelson is the first white man known to have set foot iu Passaic. He is an interestiuj; charailcr. Horn in Kidl. he came to this <(iuntry from Zirickzee, the chief city of the island of S7. beiuK a widower, he married Tryntjc. widow of Jacob Wallin;.'en Van Horn, by whom he had two children, Sloffel ans a stretch of beautiful country. From accounts given by the men from Aqueikneck it re- sembles his native laml. He will look at it for his friend, and perhaps make an investment for his company. What won- der that, as he rides through the fresh air of a dewy morn- ing, his face glows with contentment. Descending from the heights he rides in .search of a ford across the Hackensack. His road was an Indian trail, scarcely a path and barely seen. I''inally, he reaches an Indian ferry, this side of the present town of Hackensack. He is known to the red men as their friend and is ferried over. Still following the trail, he reaches Hackensai'k. where he visits the chief of the tribe. He resumes his journey, going down the Pollilly road till a little below the old Lodi railroad, where a trail passes through Lodi. then due .south, then westward, crossing the Saddle River about on the line of the avenue of that name. Still heading west, he reins in his hoi-se on the banks of the Pas- saic River, near the present Garlield bridge. As he looks a curious feeling seizes him. Can it be his own native land? There is that same shon- of low, sandy soil lying at the foot of the familiar beech and birch trees, to the right a lagoon and an island to the right of that, tufted with what appears to be his familiar heather. And that cultivated field? Perhaps there are brooks and fertile lands beyond! At his signal an Indian from the village on our Wall street pushes out a canoe ami ferries him ovi'r. .Vfter en- J4 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. iiuiries from the chief of the village, he starts ou a tour of inspection with the chief at his side. They «" Avestward, crossing the Weasel hnuik. nuw ilie Icwer canal, and ascend the hill until they reach tlu> present corner of Prospect street and Park place, where they view the country north and east. From there they walk due north, until about one hun- dred and fifty feet west of Monroe street and Hamilton ave- nue. They turn eastward along our Monroe street to the Weasel brook, and. crossing it, go northeast to the bank of the Passaic. \\lii tracts ot laml lying jind beini: at I hKiniipienank. upon tin' I'assaic Illver. for Xtopli Hoglaiit. imp. Ids acres of land. "Heginning at a stake planted by a small creek" (being the present nimilli of the lower Ilniidee canal at the river, lietween Keid ami Barry's mill jind Campbell. Morrell & Co.'s <;oal yardl. "thence running north as the creek run.s forty-two chains to a swamp tree, marked on four sides, standing b.v the creek" (where the present Miuiroe street crosses Weasel Brook), "thence east, northeast, eighteen chains, to a stump marked on four sides standing by a path" (on the bank of the river about four hundred feet north of Monroe street), "from thence rniiniiig south twenty-nine chains to a stake standing by an Indian burying place" (about the corner of Sixth street, north of I'assaic streetl. "Ihence i^ast thirty chains along the river side b.v the Indian wigwams" (near Garlield bridge). "thence south thirty-live cha.ns to the point of the Neck, and tliince northwest and west forty chains to the stake where it began. Bounded .south and east by Pasawerk Uiver, west by a small creek, and north in part by land not yet surveyed and in part by said river. "Item, 12(1 acres, joining to the west side of the aforemen- tioned small creek, beginning at a swamp tree, marked on four sides, standing in a swamp." (MonriH' street where it crosses Weasel brook), "thence west, southwest, thirty-four chains to two while oak trees, marked on four sides" (on the centre line id' Monroe street, about one luindred and lifty feet west of Hamilton aviMiiie). "Ihence smith forty chains to a black oak tree, marked on four sides, with four notches" (a little to the west of the west side of Prospect street, about one hundred feel sunlh of I'.-irk place), "thence east, north- <'ast, thirty-l'onr chains nihin said small crei-k to a stake i)lanted a-top of a small liiH" (at the lower Dundee canal, about seventy-five feel li-nin ilir riven: "then, as the crwdi runs, to the first nuMitioiied tree. Bounded north, south and west by land not yet surveyed and east by a small brook. As may more al l.irge appear by a draft of said land hereunto annexed: the whole containing two hniulred and seventy-eight acres, English measure. "Dated .July 13, 1G7S. "Robert Vaniiuellin, "Surveyor." For Hoaglandt to obtain a grant, it was necessary for him lo homestead, grants being given to settlers only, to in- crease the population of the State. Hence, it is certain that Hoaglandt .settled here. While nearly all patents were made b\ the Lords Proprietors, some were made by the Governor. Thus we find that on .Inly l."i. UiTS, Philip Carteret, Gov- ernor of New .Jersey, for his brother. Sir George, made a grant, known as the I'oint I'ateut, to Hoaglandt. The deed opens with the words: "L (Jeorge Carteret, Knight and Baronet, have given and granted to (^'hristopher Hoogland two tracts of land lying and being at Haiinickenock on the Pisa- wack Kiver. In wit." 'I'lii^ description is from here on identi- cal with that in N'aiMiMclliii's survey down to the word "ineas- nre" in the last paragraph. Then the deed continues: "Which two tracts of land h". the said Christopher Hoog- land. shall have and hold to himself, his heirs and assigns riirever. giving and paying ye.irly to the said proprietor, his heirs ami assigns, on overy J.'itli day (.t March, aci-ording to Fnglish reckoning, a lialf penny, lawful Knglish money, for I'acli and every of the said acres, or the ei|uivalent thereof in such cnrrent payment as the coir.itry gives as the mercantile price for the value of Knglish money; the first payment of which rent shall begin from the 2.")th day of March, which sh.-ill be in the year of our Lord, l(iS(). "(Jiven under m.v hand and seal the l.'iili day of .Inly, in tht. year of our Lord KiTS and in the ;!l)|h year of the Keign of Charles the Second, King, etc." "George Carteret." Indorsed ihereon is: "Yearly rcni. 11 shillings. 7 pence. Sterling." Tradition has it that Ilna^'laiidl built a lioniestcad on (he site of the present Worlhen iV: .VIdrich mill. He did not nil u|iy it long, for on February 1(1. 1(;7!)-ueiiinK grants of laiul. It will |.e remembered that the 'Mli-s to all land were di- rivi'odier female, sixty acres. Those fi'nuf; dnriiiK the third year were to receive tliree-fnurlhs and diiriii),' the fourth year, one-half ipf the iiuantities. Kvery person tn whom land shonlil be. •nine due was to recejve a warrant rioiu the (Juvenior lo the Surveyor-General to lay ont I'.-ich tract .it lainl prcviuiis to a uraiit beins made. .\ yearly iinit-reiit of not less than one half-penny an acre was ti. be paid, lint pajinents were not to commence until lliVd, Liberty of eonscieuce was ;.'naraiiteed to all becominji snb- jeels of KuKbind, swearin;; alle;;iauee to the Kin;; and faithful- ness to the Lords I'roprietors. The rules for land srants beiusr established, it is easy to cniiipute ihi' size of Christopher IloaKlandt's household when he settled here. Mis allotment beint' liniilcd acconnls fur the peiuliar shape of his tra< t. WIIKKK .\l.l. MOW .IKUSKY ITILKS .VKK I iKIM VHI i I'KO.M. .\ll lands in New .Ii-rsey, it must lie understood, were hon- orably and peaceably pureha.s<'d from the Indinns, The legal liile, however, comes from the Crown by letters jiatent dated March 12, lti(^, in the sixli^eiitli vear of Ciiarles IL who ileeded all of New .Jersey lo .lames. Duke of York, On .linie 12. in the .same year, by deed of lease and release, tlie Unke of York conveyed it to .lohn. Lord Berkeley, and Sir George Car- teret. These grants were altirmed after the treaty of peace with the I ditch. The interest of Lord Berkeley became vested in four individuals by various mesne c'onveyanees, and the now live owners released to Sir (ieorge Carteret the whole of Kast .Jersey on .Inly 1, HmC By his will, dated DeeemlK-r ."), 1(578, all his lands in .New .lersi-y were conveyed to his ex- ecutors in trust to sell, and on February 1, 1(;S2, the widow and executors conveyed them to the Twelve Proprietors spoken of in Chapl(>r II, At different times in lliS2 they conveyed shiires to twidve others, ami the Duke of York, on March 14, lt'.S2, allirnied the jirior gr.ints. From time to time these twenty-four, known as the Lords I'roprietors of Kasl .lersey, niaile conveyances by litters patent to actual settlers. The mainland of the city of Passaic endiraces all of the "Point Patent" and part of a larger grant, known as the ".\equacka- iionk Pat(>nt." The "Pcpiiil Patent." as we have seen, is bcnincled iinrth by Jlonroe stri-et. south by a line extending from I'rospecl stivet IK arly 8.S, he says: — "Further up the water ithe Passaic River) is an island of about 1,(MKI acres, belonging to Mr. Kicharil lloogland of New- aik (sici: if it be not an island it is tycd by a very narrow strip of land to the continent." Tin: iiKST i'ri;cii.\si; nv ihmiki: island. The iiun'hase of Dundee Island from the Indians Avas made at about the same time as Stoffelson made the bargain for the Point Patent, The Indian name for the island was "Mene- henicke." It tirst appears in an Indian deed dated .Vpril 4. U'~S. from Captahen Peters, an Indian sachem, to Ilartman Michielson, I'onveying " a great Island lyeing in the river of Pisaick near by .\i|iiickaiincke, by the Indians <'alled Mene- lienicke." .Michielson perfected his title by procuring a patent from the Proprietors of East ,Iersey, The |iatent bears date of .lanuary ti. l(!8."i. Michielson bargained to pay annually the lordly "chief or ipiit rent "f one fatt henii." i;6 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC the AcquaikaiiiiiiU I'ateiit. At the session of the Goyernor and Council of East Jersey, held at P-lizabethtown. May 30. 1(;S4, the following resolution was pa.sseand containing .0.520 Acres, wch is to be Devided among.st fourteen ffanielys of them there settled— pniy they may have a gen'll I'attent for the same. "It's ordtTcd that the Indian sale being recorde.S4. The full text of the patent will be given in an appropriate place later in the chapter. THE l.NTEKESTIXC .\ll(lin;i.,'<()X i\ KKEI.AMU FAM- ILY. Michielsou was Stoffelson's friend and near neighbor, and it is possible that he aeeonipauied him on his first trip. The date of the Indian purchase. April 4 of the year in which the Point Patent was surveyetl, bears out this assumption. Just what purpose Jlichielsou had iu buying the island is not determined. It is well to bear in mind that in 11)85 Michiel- sou owned the island and Iloaglandt owned the I'oint Patent. On February Hi. 1()7S)-S0. "Christotle Hooglauil" agreed to sell the Point Patent to Hartman Michiesse iMichielson). Be- fore a deed was made Hoogland died, and his widow and son conveyed the land liy deed S5. to Hartman Michielse or A'reeland.* Associated with Hartman in this pur- chase were his three brothers. Elias, .Johannis and Cornelius. Hartman dividid no the propert.v among them b.v deed, re- serving his own share. Tlircc of the four brothers built houses here, and froni them has descended the large Vreeland fam- ily. But before speaking further of them and thi'ir disposition of the land, it is well to mention the tiext real estate trans- action, which followed close on these two. PURCHASE OF THE ACQLACKANO.NK PATENT. ITartni.in Michielsou, having purchased the island and the Point I'ateiit, and considering them a good investment, was enterprising euough to look for further settlements. He re- P< rted the promising location to friends in Jersey City, and .idvised them to buy more lainl with him at Acquackanonk and make homes there. It must be renielhbcrcd that when the f'oint Patent was laid out it was "b.iundeil in part by lands not yet surveyed." Xo i>ermaneut European scltlcnient at that time exi-sted in Passaic County. .Nn part of its land had been pre-empted. Hartman succeeded in interesting thirteen friends and rela- tives, including his three brothers, and they set their hearts on a generous allotment of tine land, extending from Yantacaw or Third liivi'r to the i)r-,>sent site of Paterson, and running trnni the river to the mountains. They must first secure a deed from the Indians, and a meeting of the chiefs aud these fourteen Dutchmen was held at the Indian village in Dundee. A bargain was struck, and "for liud in consideration of a certain parcel of coats, blauki'ls, kettles, powder and other goods." the syndii-ate became the owner of a tract known by the name of "Hacinetiiu'timick." The deed was dated March 28. 1070, six weeks after Iloaglandt agreed to sell the Point Patent to Hartman Micliiclson. It was executed by the "Cap- tahen, Indian sachem ami chief, in the presence and by the approbation and consent of .Meiniseraen. Mindawns and Ghon- najea, Indians and sachems of the said conntry." It was made to Hans Dederick, (Jerret Gerritsen. Walling Jacidis ami Ilendrick George ami company of Bergen. It will occasion eternal regret that the exact number and \vor General, ami so along the said river to the northermost bounds of Newark aforesaid." It will be obser.((l that this includes both the I'oint I'atent anil tlii' island. To perfect their title the .syndicate secured from the East Jersey I'roprietors a patent known as " It may be well here to note the various spellings of proper names mentioned in this work. Hoogland, Hooglandt and Hoagland ; Michael- son, Machielson, Slekellson, llichielse and Michiesse, are varying forms obtained from original documents. The spelling of i>atronymies was very loose. See remarks on names of MiohieUe or Vreeland later in this chaiJter. The spelling of gfOgrai>hii'al names was even more vague. Pisawack, Pisawick and Pisaick were all accepted forms of Passaic, while the name of Aeiiiiackanonk nins through innumerable lorms. all pre- serving the soimi! until the preaent spelling was adopted I'ntil recent years it was spelled .Veciiiackanonck •• In quoting this and all other ancient documents the eccentricities of speUing and diction are, of course, preserved, except m cases where they cloud the sense. ••■ Farm or county home- The white settlers of Aquackanonk having eutered upon their newly acquired lanils. it is in order to set forth what manner of men they were. The interesting Michielsou or Vree- land brothers should be particularly mentioned. Their father was a unique (diaractcr of the name of Michall Jansen. and more is known of him than of his sons. The statement that his surname was Jansen is no mistake, the family name of N'reelaud being adopted after his sons came to Passaic. The first aud second generations were known indifferentl.v as Vree- l.ind and Michielse. In his scholarly "History of Hudson County" AViufield says of this name: — "There was in Holland a place called Vreelandt. but whether .-i hamlet, parish or manor has not been ascertaincil. The family iu this county now bearing the name is di'scendcil from Michael .lansen. who came fiom Broccdihuyscn. North Prabant. He left Holland October 1. lt;:!0. in the ship Rens- selaerwyck with his wife and two chililren. He settled at what is now Greenbush, opposite Albany, as a boereknecht, or farm servant. Nearly all of the early settlers here were of the peasantry, who <-ame mit as farm servants or soldiers in the service of the Dutch ^^'est India Company. This class of settlers had no surname, for they liad not earned (jue. The.i were known from each other of the same name by using the father's Christian name as a surname for them- selves. For example. Jan had a son nanieil Michael. He would be known as .Michael lansen, i. e.. Michael the sou of .Ian. If Michael had a son Elias, he would be known as Elias Michielsou, i. c. Elias. son of Michael. But if the fathers bori> the same Christian name, of course the sons would bear the same surname, and. thus difficulties aud uncertainties were mnl- tiplie4. shows thai he liail not yet overeoine his reluetanei- to fariniii),-:— ••Mii-hael .laiiseii, resiilint' at I'livonla, heloncint' to the jiiiisilietii f New Ainstirilam, apiieai-ed iM'Tore th iirt of 15mj.'iiniasters ami .Sehepens* of this city aforesaiil. anil slateil that he intended, for the aeeoniinoiiation of the inhaliitants of the |ilai-e, to lirew some lieer. ami. as it was very iiK'on- venii-nt to ;rive in the same every time ami to procure the ex- cise eertilieale. wished, therefore, to make an agreement with tlie Hnr^'omasters and Seheii^-ns aliont the excise, whii-h lieinj: Kianled to him. Ilie Itnt^Minasters and S<-liepens have made an a;.-ieenient with .Michael .lansen lor one year, that for all ihi' heer he shall lirew and sell at the place al'oresaiil. he shall p.iy .111 Kiiildcis. each half year thi' half, and it is hereliy allowed biin to sell lieer l>y the small nicasiire als.i to persons coming ovi'r to tli.it place." Thus he has the hi>nor of lieint; the tirst licensed tapster in the State of New .Tcrsey. nurini: the ticnldes id' U;.V.. the Indians drove him from his hou.se, wlu'ii. on September l.">. they made a raid on I'a- vonia ami Uilhd every one there, except the family of .lansen. I-'rom the dangers and uncertainties of border life at ■■(.iainoen- epa" l("oiiimuuipiw]. he took refii;.'e at -Manhattan, where, be- cause he was ■'an uld man with a lieavy family." and hail lost his all. he was on .Nuvcmlur --. 1().V>. periuitted to keep u tap- room. Like many iiiudcni t.ipstcis. he soon learned to keep the letter (d" the law, while he violated the spirit. An ordinance prohibited tapping after bell-ring, and on October 'S.i. Hi.'il!. the Sellout (sheriff I [irosecuted Janseu for a violation. The de- f( iidant confessed that two soldiers were playing at backgani- 111. in and three sailors waiting for their skipper: denied that he had tapped after bell-ring: admitted ili.at his guests had their cans hy Ihein and got chatting, but -shrewdly omitted to state that he had filled theii" cans to last over the hour after which he could not lawfully tap. I'or the same reason that lu- was permitti'd to keep an inn. he receiveil in February. lti."ili. as a free gift, a lot in the city. On February lil. ll!.")T. he was appoinled one of the Measurers of I.inic and (Jrain. On April K?. lli.")T. his name was placeil nn llie roll i>r small burghers. He .soon grew weary of tap-room life, and longid to return to his wheat-producing bi.uwerie. During the war he had not parted with the title to the farm. In lli.")8 he sold part of it to llariuau Smeeman. On .lannary 22. l(i."),S, he asked for permission to return to Pavonia .ind to be relieved from certain tithes. In September. Kilil. he iiad again aciiuired a competence, and was living on his bouwerie. He was oiu' of the first magistrates of the new court at Bergen. In December, ll)(;2. he joined his neighbors in asking the (iovernor for the appointment of a minister of the (;osp:'l. for wllo^e support he pledged twenty-five fiorins. He died in HIT'.. He married Fitje Hartman. who in 1<>79 was living at "Ohnioonepaen." and had "many grandchildren, all of whom were not unjust." She owned her homestead farm. In Oc- tober, K;"!). two itinerant I.abadists dined with her. Au old lady in Brooklyn told them Fitje had come fmni fologne. They have left this (inaint record concerning her: "Found her a little pious, after the maiuier of the oinntry, and you could discover that there was something of the Lord in her. but much covere*! up and defiletl." This is no light testimony to the old lady's religious attainments, since it is given by men who seiiu to have looked upon all mankind, ex- •■ept their own puculiar sect, as destined fuel for everlasting his property. With their consent it was divided aiiiong their and died October IT. Hi'.l". * Aldermen and Magistrates. Fol It .Mil 1111:1. S(i.\s A.MuNK KAULY SKTTLEUS. .Michael and I'itje .lansen had eight children, four of whom Were among the eiirlii-sl settlers of Passaic. From them has descended tile largi- Vreelanil family. Tliesi- four brothers were:— L Klias. who was 11 carpenter by trade. lie tiHik the oath of allegiance to the King November Xi, W'Cf. was comiiiis- siiiied Assnciate .Iiiilge of the f'ourt of Bergen in l(i73. H;74. Hi77 and ItJSt); was a .Iiistioe of the I'eace in Kssex County in HW2-3 and 17li:{-4, and was one of the .Iiistiees of the t'ourt of Sessions in Kssex County in 173 he was a receiver of taxes in Bergen. Hartman and .lohannis -Micliielse were two of those who in 17(Xt. in a paper directed to the King, remonstrated against the acts of the Proprietors and asked for the apiMtintment of a competent (lovemor. IL- died .lanuary IS. 17(17. ii. Johannis was l>a[itized with his brother Hartman Oc- tober 1. Ki.'iL at the church in Bergen. He married Claesje, ilaiighter of I>irck Claase Braecke, on .May 14, ll>.S2. and died .Iiine 2t!. 1713. It is supposed they ri-sided and died in Passaic. 4. Cornelis was burn .luue 3. llliiti. His first wife was Motje. daughter of Dirck Claase Braecke, whom he inarrieil May 11. Hilll. His second wife was the widow, Lysbet Jacobs, whom he married April 17, l''i'.l"2. He resided at Bay- onne at his death In .M.iy. 1727. His second wife had died August 17. 17"24. Michael .lansen's daughter. Pryntje. married .Vndries Clae- seii and left three sons, who became the progenitors of the Andersons liiTca bouts. Tin: iiisTiiKV OF Tin; i-uiNr i'atknt. The Point Patent, aciiuired by Hartman Michielson, was. as previously stated, divided by Hartman eijually among the four brothers. They were, no doubt, considered rich men. I'itje Hartman. their iiMther. «as a rich woman in her own right when she married Michael .lansen. Both owneii con- siderable property at CoiiimunipaH. At his death he left his lands to her. She died October 17. 1(>'.)7. h-aving her estate to her childr.-n. Klias. E'loch. .lohannis. Hartman, Cornelis. Jannetje and Pryntje. Thri-e of the four sons with whom we have to do had, as already shown, niarrietl daughters of L)irck Claase Braei-ke. Braecke was a man of means, and upon his death. -March 21!. It>il3. without a will, his daughters inherited bis property. With their consent il was divided among their husbands September 1, KUh;. 18 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. The brothers laid out four homest.'ad lots on the lii^li bank of the river, near the site of the Maiiliattaii Print Worlds, where they occupied a coiiimandi?i)X situation «illi a '.'lorious and extensive view. HaiUnan had his honii' on the exact site of the mill. About ten years after he sold out lo .lohannis and moved to I'aterson, the early settlers of which place were relatives and descendants of the Acquackanonk patentees. Elias selected for his home the lot now lyinp in the Dundee Canal at South and First streets. Between the two were the allotiuents of .Tohaunis and Cornelis. but Cornells did mil build on his. It is not known whether he ever left his pa- ternal home at Conimunipaw. but it is presumed he did not. He is supposeil lo have conveye on tin' soutli side of Monroe street. THE TEXT OF Till: .\( (jrACKA.Xo.N K I'.Vl'K.N T. The liistory of the .Vcipiackanonk Patent now being in or- tier. that diederick, (Tarret (Jarretson, Walling Jjicobs, Elias Machielson, Hartman Machielson. .Johannes Machiidson. Coriudius Machielson. Adri- an Post. I'rian Tomassen, Cornelius Kowlofson, Symon .Ja- cobs. John Hendrick Speare. Cornelius Lubliers and Abraham Booke.v. and Iheir heirs and assigns, a certain tract of land situate, lying and being upon the Pissaie river, in the county of Essex, and called and known by the name of Haqueque- iiunck: "Begiiming al the mirthermost bounds of the town of Newark, ami so running from the lowest part to the uppermost [■art thereof, as far as the steep rocks or mountains, ami from the said lowermost part along Pisaick river to the Great Falls thereof, and no along the steep rocks and mountains to the u|i|)erim)st part of Newark bounds aforesaid, as it is more plaiidy deim>nstrateil b.v a chart or draught thereof, made by the late Surveyor General, together with all rivers, pomls, creeks, isles and islands iHartman's Island, which particularly belongs to Hartman Machielson oidy exceptedl and also all iidets. bays, swamps, marshes, nu'adows. pasture-fields, fen- ces (ll. woods, umlerw Is. fishings, hawkings. huntings, fowl- iiigs. and all .ither apieirteuances whatsoever thereunio belong- ing ami apiiertaining (half part of the gold and silver mines, and the roy.ilties of the Lords Proprietors al.so excepted): "To have and to hold the said tract of land and premises, and every part and parcel of the same, to them the said Hans Dieilerick. (i.-irret Garretson, Walling Jacobs, Elias .\Iachiel son. Hartman Machielson, .Johannes JIaehielsou, Cornelius Ma- chielson. Adrian Post. Urian Tomassen. Cornelius Kowlofson. Symon .Tacobsou, John Hendrick Speare. Coriudius Lubbers and Abrahaui Bookey. their heirs and assigns, and to the use of them, their heirs ami assigns forever, to be holden in fee. and common socage, of them the Lorils I'roprietors. their heirs and assigns, as of the seignory of East (ireenwich yield iiig and paying therefor yearly unto the said Lords I'roprielors, their heirs and assigns, the cliiefe or quit-rent of fourleen pounds of sterling money, or Ihe value Ihereot yearly for the said tract of laml upon every five and twentieth day of March forever hereafter in liiui and stead of the half-penny per acre mentioned in the Concessions, ami in lieu ami stead of all other services ami demands whatsoever: the first payment to be made upon the 2."ith day of March, which shall be in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred and eighty-six. "And the -;aiil Hans Dieilerick. Garret Garretscn. Walling .lacobs. Elias Machielson. Hartman Maidiielson. .lohamu's .Ma- ihielson. C nau'lius Machielson. Adrian Post, rrian Tomassen. Ci melius Kowlofson. Symon Jaeob.s. .John Hemlrick Speare, Cornelius Lubber, and Abraiiam Bookey. do lu-reby for them- selves, their heirs and assigns, covenant, promise and agree to ami with the said Lords Proprietors, their heirs ami as- signs, that they, theii- heirs and assigns shall well ami Irul.v jia.v or cause lo be paid unto the said Liuds Pro- prietors, their heirs or assigns, the said yearly chiefe or quit- rent of fourteen pounds sterling money or the value thereof for the said tract of land, al or upon the five and twenlieth da.v of March every year forever hereafter to ihe Keieiver Gef.eral. which shall from time lo lime be appointed by the Miiil Lords Proprietors, ihcir heirs or assigns, wilhoui fraud, covine or delay: Provided, always. Ilial if the said yearly fief or quil-rent shall be behiml ami nniiaid. in part or in all, at any of the days or times uiio i which the same is to be jiaid as aforesaid, that then, and so often, it -^hall and imiy be lawful lo and for the Lords Proprietors and Iheir heirs, by Iheir. or anv of Iheir. servants, agents, or assigns, leu days after such THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 19 111 elect Ml- li..ll-|iiivillclll of til.' siliil ilii.-f,. „r ,,i,i| |-,.,||. i,„,, ,|„. iiliin'siiiil l.-iiids, with nil ilir Miipiirlciiiiiiccs. m- intii nii.v piirl oi piin-cl llirr.-of. to ciitoi- :iii(l tlioiv cli'slraiii. anil ihc dlstross or distresses tlieii liiUeii lo l,.,i,|. ,|i-ive. mviy a«ii.v. iiii|MMiiid. and in tlieii- custody to ilelain until Ilii. said .vi^arly <-liiere .jr quit-rent so lieiuK Ixdiind ami un|iaid. lo-etIis of suc-li ilistnss anil inipnundiii:.-. sluill l.e lawfidly paid and contented lo ilu- said I... ids I'l-oprii-iors. Iheir heir's and assi;,'ns. •In wilncss wheri'of. the Itepniy (iovernnrof this I'mviiiee and llir major part of his eoniieil for the time Ihmuc. t part have suhscrilH-d iheir iianies and atlixed the coiiiniou seal of the said I'l-ovinci-, and to the other pan hereof the said Hans IMeilericU. Carret (Jarretsen. Wallni!.' .lacolis. Klias Machielson. Ilarlman Machielson. Johannes .Machielson. Cor- nelius .Machielson, Alrian I'osi. Irian Tuiiassen. Coriielins Kowlofsoii. Simon .lacolis. John Hendrick Speare. Cornelius Lnhher and Ahraham Hookey have iiiterchaiif.'ealdy set their hands and seals, ihi- day tiid year first aliove vvriltcu. (Sisnodi "(iawen Laurie. Thomas CudriuKliin. Isjiae Kinjis- land. Henjamin I'rice. Ilerry I.yon. .lames Hniolt. l>rp. Seel'y. ".Memoraiidnni— That it was mulnally aiireed hy and ho- twreii all the said parties to tin- within-mentioned pali'iit. he- fore the sij;nin^ and sealiufT of the same, thai a neck of l.-ilid lyiiifi within the lioumls of this patent, containing' two hnndn'd and seveuly-ei}.'ht acres, calleil and known liy the name of Stoffers Point, formerly p:iteiited to one Christopher lloai;- land. and since sold to the wilhin-nained Ilarlman .Machielson and <-ompany, he also excepted oiil of this iiateiil or ^'r;inl: and it is hcreliy accordiiiKl.v excepted." This patent is recorded in the Secretary of Slate's olhce ai Trenton in Book A of Heeds. pa;;e 1li4. The tract of land it desoriht's iuchides Passaic iwilh the execplions noiedi, .ill of Acqiiackanonk township and llie ;.'reater pari of Ihe cil.\" of I'atcrson. BEGINMN(;S dl" Till-; ACI.H' ACKANONK SKTl'I.K- .MK.NT. This was the real lie^rianint: of the selllenieni of Ihe vil- lage of .Vciina'-kjuionlv, which aflcrwanls liccanie I'assaic He- injr at the head of lide-watei' and the site of a lar^re Indian village, it became the most iniporl.nil trading point in this part of the State. It was the only nutlet by water for the country for a long distancp to the north and west. It was the port of entr.v. trading post and fishing place of all the inhabitants. The lirst actual settlers started a surve.v of their new lands, Willi iliciii came a surveyor. John \'an Kirk. Not be- ing eiiti'.led lo a surnanie, his appellation was originally simply .Tohii. but being employed mostly by churches on Long Island and ai Bergen in the line of liis profession and as a scrivener, he r.'ceived the naiiie .Inhii \'an Kirk iJohn of ihe ihiirchi. His dutji' was to siir\c.\' Ihc ci^unlry and make a liartition map for the patentees. First the river frontage wis allotted into four divisions. viz.: Acqnackanonk. Bnglit lor bend, now within the limits of Paterson). Gotham and Weasel. I'assaic is carved out of the first and third naiiied. Boght contained twenty-eight lots and each of ilie others fourleeii. -V plale of the map of "(ioilia:!!" is here given. It is iiho- tegraphed from ihe supposed original, which is in a fair state of preservation, despite its age. A niaii of the entire Aeiiuack- ai.onk patent was made, but unfortunately has been lost. The lower line is .Monroe slreel. The point of the gore on the lower Icfthand corner is near the corner of Prospect street and Park place. The line rnnning dnc north from this point is still maintained by a fence in the rear of the lots fronting on the east side of Prospect street. It exli'iuls to Monroe street at a point l.'ill feet west of Hamilton avenue. The west line is (Jrove street extended beyond the city limits. The north line is about the present iiorllicrn limits of the city. MAP OF THE GOTHAM DIVISION. .Ml the l.iiid lying between Vaiitacaw or Third River, on Ihe south and a line running north IS degrees west from the present No. 1 .M:iin avenue at the river. bacK te the mountains on the north i which line is now part of Prospect and (Jrove streetsi was then laid out in strips of about ten i-haiiis wiile. These farms fronted on the river, and the plan seems to have bien to consider them the homestead farn s. With each home- stead were allotted froni 1(1(1 to l.)0 acres, depending upon situ- ation and (lualily of soil. In the rear of the homestead hits. and between the upper and lower boundaries, other "lots" of fioin forty to fifty acres and of Kid acres were laid out. The desirability of the land determined the size and location of these lots. On contiguous farms they did not always adjoin each other. The land bei«een .Monroe strict and Palcr.son was also l.iiil out in farms, but running in another direction from the river. The course was south (>4 degret at a grey rock located near the pres- ent southwest corner of Prospect street and Park place. Inside of this triangle was the church property, except six acre.s (now the park around Speer's Chateau), previously allotted to Elias Michielson. It was given "to aud for the l.enetit of the Kirk Wardi-ns of the Low Dutch IJeforuied longregation of Acciuackanonk. for the punmse of a parsonage for the support of the gospel." .lust when this was done, and whether by deed or other conveyance, is .".''t known; but it is [iresumed that a de<>d mow lost) was given immediately after the date of the Patent, for religion was part of the every- day life of the Dutch. There is i.o donbl ttiat religious ser- vices were held here as early as 1082. but until the patentees arrived there was no permanent ehunh. They undoubtedly set aside this property and built a church at once, for in 1080 their minister was Rev. I'ctrus Tassemaker. and in a lease .ipril 10, 10!).'{. from Walling -lacobs to Ilernianus (ierrets, reference is made to the "public churchyard." A parsonage was erected at about the same time as the c'hurcli. and adjoin- ing it on the southeast. Eighty years afterward, the first conve.vance being lost, a new deed for the church iiropert.v was obtained from the heirs of the original patentees. It will not be out of place to insert its substance here as bearing on the policy of tile tirst settlers in sitting apart some ol iluir ihoicest land for the church. The new deed was dat<>d April 8, 1770. three months be- fore the Declaration of Independence. It ran: — "We. the heirs of the Patentees of the Patent of Aciiuacka- nonk. in the count.v of Esse.v. knowing that it was the full intent anssession of the late Henry P. Simmons dnring his lifetime. I'pon his death his executors placed it for safe keeping in the vaults of the Paterson Safe Deposit and Trust Company, where it will remain until perhaps filed with the Xew .Jersey Historical Society, or some similar in- stitution. This should be done, as it is of priceless value as a relic, aside from its value as a convevance. "Garret \aii M'agenejge. Ryner Van Houten, Marselis Post, Hamp Van Riper, .lohannils Poise, Dirk Vreeland, Garret Van Reypan, .lolin Thomasee, .Tohaiinies Sip. Cornls. C. Van Winkh., (T-^^^Sx^ CHAPTER VI. THE PATENTEE FAMILIES. Historical Record of The Settlers, Other Than the Michielsons, Already Treated Of, Who Bought the Aquackanonk Lands. TllK IiiikIs cif ilic Aciniackanoiik scttlii-s Iioiiis parooIltMl out. I'iich man licgaii the eri'ctiiiii of a home. We kiiinv what lliose liousms wore like, for their type iliil not vary. In most cases they were suhstantially Imilt of stoiie. ohiaineil (iiri'otly from the ticMs. where tlie I>iitih f.irniers fciiunl. to their sorri>w. that it was ahiimlant. 'I'lie houses were generally Imilt .me ami a half stories hit.'h. The main portion nsually measun-il twenty liy forty feet, with a kitchen addition aliont half its size. A wide hall, with a door at either end. blseeted the main portion, leaving a large room on eitlu'r side. The honse was always set on a line rnnning dne north ami south. This may be seen by .some which are still standing, and are not parallel with the road in fnml. Tin- .irchitecliin' was by no means primitive, thongh the design was simple. The down-stairs rooms were finished a.s well as many modern hon.ses. The second floor, or garret, was seldom linished off or partitiimod. It usually remained one large room, n.sed in part as a storenwm for nuts, apples ami l.otatoes and other vegetables. The garret over the kitchen was the sle»'ping room for the slaves in the winter time. Here men. women and children slept upon straw laid two feet deep over the Hoor. The appn>ach to the loft was by a ladder and scuttle. The great ed- ding. In warm weather the.v occupied the slaves' quarters, a small building in tlie rear of the kitchen. The reason our forefathers built their houses to one and a half stories onl.v, was that in those days buildings were taxed according to the number of stories. A hoii.se with a Dutch roof had really two stories, but wa.s considered a one- story building if the shingles came down to the top of the first story. I'urniture was not alone well ni;ide and ilnr.iblc. liul hand- seme, as thi>se who are familiar with it can testify. The interior wiwdwork was excellent, the doors, window frames and stair- ea.ses lieing elaboratel.v paneled and carved, while the massive hinges, locks and other hardware, all of wrought iron, were fine e.vamples of the smith's skill. The furniture was massive, well polished and of solid hardwood. The mantels, the cupboards, with thi'ir prettily fashioned dooi-s, and the big cliH'ks. whose faces gave glimpses of the sun, moon and stars, are copiinl to this day. The large open fireplaces kept the houses so warm and cheerful that stoves and steam-radiators would have seemed unwelcome intruders. It is well to bear in mind, in this connection, that the early settlers were men of means, able to build substantial homes and furnish them comfortably, if not profusely. They i-ainc to labi>r. ami labor they did. but Ibcy wi-re :ible to live in good style. While this work is not a family history, it is proper to make mention of some of the patentee-!, as has already been liens, all settled here. The two or three soon sold out their in- terests. They were sober, honest, hardy, intelligent, fearless anil (Jod-fearing. true Dutchmen, wh<>,se ancestors had suf- fered the persecutions of the InquLsition. While religion was the rule of their lives, they were neither Inlolerani nor |iuri- doiK' of the Michielson family. With two or three e\cep- tanical. In Boston, in ll'>,"ir.. Captain Kemble had bwn confined for two hours in the public stin-ks for kissing his wife uiM)n his iloorstep, on his return from a three years' voyage. There were no such blue laws among the .Ier.sv*y Dutch, On the other hand, they were almve frivolity, anrl firmness was the keynote of their character. THK (;ki;i:itsi:\ oi; \a.\ \\ai;(».\ki; ta.mii.y. Upon th" map of Holland may be found the town ..f Wag- eningen. It is in the province of Ouelderland. which is almost a barren waste. One-third of its territory Is waste land, ami ft has but (me acre of orchards, yet it supports at the present time over half a million souls, Krom this place came Cerrit Gerritsen, with his wife and chihi. landing at New York. I»e- ceuiber 23, KHK), from the ship Faith, Captain .Ian Beste- vaer. Others who arrived on the ship were .lan.sen Spiere.s, with wife and two children: Ilendrich .laiisen and Wessel Wesselson, whose desc-<-ndants became interested in I'a.ssaic anil vicinity. ({errit.sen is believed to have been a descendant of the famous scholar, Krasmiis, wh.ise real name was (Jerrit Ger- ritz, and who was born in lt>47 in a honse still standing in Rotterdam. In accordance with the custom of the learned of his time, he latinized his name into Desiderius Erasmus. The house is now used as a gin shop and is situated on the Breede Kirk Straat, leading to the (Jreat Church. It bears a small statue of the scholar, with the inscription "Haec est parva domus, niagnns qua natus Erasmus," signifying that the house is small, but that Erasmus was born great. Nearby, on a wide bridge over a canal, whiih serves for a market [dace, and is calleil the ■■GriH>te Markt," stands a bronze statue of Erasmus, Gerritsen's reputation is set forth in a certificate which he brought with hiin from Holland, of which this is a tran.s- lali'd coiiy: — "We, burgomasters, schepens and counsellors, of the city of Wagening. declare by these presents that there appeared iK'fore us Ileiiilrick Elissen and ,Ioriliz Spiers, citizens of this city, at the request of (Jerrit (Jerritsen and .Vnnetje Iler- niansse, his wife. 22 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. "They have te.stilied and certified, i^^s they do by these presents, that thor have j;o"d knowledge of the above-named Gerrit Gerrit.sen and Annetje Hermansse. his wife, as to their life and conversation, and that they have always been considered and esteemed as i)ioiis and honest iH'ople. and that r.o coniplaint of evil or (lisi>rilerly conihict has ever reached their ears: on the contrary, tlu'.v have always led quiet, pious and honest lives, as it becomes pious and honest persons. They especially testif.v that they govern their family well and bring up their children in the fear of (Jod. and in all modest.v and respectabilit.v. "As the above-named persons have resolved to lemove and proceed to New Netherlands, in order to find greater con- venien-y ('ily .mil aciiuired cousideralilc jiroperty there and elsewhere in the province. He became the progenitor of all the Gerritsens and Van Wagoners in the counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson and I'assaic. The name of Van AVagoner, adopted by some of his descendants in the second generation, signified that their father came to America from the town of Wagening. The name of (ierritsen has been variously modified into (iarretson. (iarritson and Garrison. THE VAN WAGONER HOUSE, MAIN AND GREGORY AVENUES. Gerritseu was one of the "Inhabitants of Hergcii. and in the jurisdiction thertH)f. beginning 22 Novendier llKi.'i" to take the oath of allegiance to King Charles IT. He attended (he Reformed Dutch Church of New Vork. wh'rc on .March 10, 1GU2, his daughter .lannotje was baptizeil. In KIT.'! he was one of five schepens of the town of Hergeii and its de- pendencies, elected by the inhabitants. He dieil in ('omninni paw October 4. 1709 IV). His wife had ilied September 7, KiOtJ. Gerritseu had si'Ven children. incUnling :i son (Jerrit. born in Gtndderland in Iti.'W and only two years old nt tin' tiinc of coming here. The other children werr' born at ('oiinnnnl- p:iw. On Ma.v 11. HiSl, Gerrit the younger married Niesje I'ierterse of Best. Guelderland. He was a judge of Bergen County and lieutenant of militia. He died April li. 17ii;!. but his wife lived until Octid)er II. 17.'i2. Anottier sably two hundred years ago. The larger portion was commenced in 17i!8. but the Revolutionary war interrupted the work, and it was not finished until about 17SS. Hermanns adopted the name of Van Wagoner, while Gerrit retained the name of Gerritseu. He had a son Gerrit. who married Annetje Sip October 3. 1713. Gerrit \an Wagoner was a deacon in the old church in 1721. He had. among other children, a sou named Hermanns, born February 4. 1717. and married to (Jeertruy \an Houten De<-emlK>r 2'.». '741. A daughter. Lena, married Arent Schuyler October 1. 1741. Schuyler, during the Kevcdntionary war. was ar- rested by Major Hayes and confined in the Morristown jail as a disaflected persim la Tory). On tsfking the required oath, he was released. Schuyler's niece. Hester, married William Colfax, .grandfather of Schuyler Colfax, Vice-Presi- dent of the Cnitell. and .lohannis. or .Tohn. born November l."). 17.''m. .Toh.innis had listem'd to his uncle. Arent Sihuyler, ami. disdaining the struggle for liberty, allied himself with tiie Uoyalists. He was an intimate friend of Robert Drum- UiOinl. pro|iiieter of a st'ire opposite Van Wagoner's house, who was also a liuyalist. .inil was guide for the British here- abouts liming the winter of 1770. .lohn left home, and, it is siipiiosed. went \\itli 1 >rummond to A'irginia. He was never heard of attirwanl. It is pri'siuned that he followed Drum- iiioiiil to Knglaml after the war. The male liiu' of this Van Wagoiu'r family has become extinct. The female line is represented by sonu' of the Sim- mons, Hasbrouck, Ryerson, Northrop, Hayden iuid Shelp fam- ilies here. (Jerril (ierritson No. 2 had a son named (Jarrit. horn in February. 10.^7. lie married Maritje Gerbrants. ami settled in Clifton. He built a "eat Dutch painter, lieinhrandt. who ilied in Kit!;), iiliie .vears after (Jerritseu left Holland. The name of Uenihrandt's father was Herman (Jerretz van Rhyn (from the Khinel. while thjit of our siilijeiiited for all men once to d>e, do iiiiike and ordain thi-s my liLst will aiul testament that is to .say: I'rincipally and first of all I recom- liieiid and give my soul unto the lianils of (Jod that gave it. anil niy bixly I recimimend lo the earth to Ih- buried in a decent il'.ristian burial at thi' discretion of my exe'. II-- is more fully mentioned under the subject of physicians. Others of ".his Garretson family settled in i'aliTson and in r.ergen County. One Gerret (ierritsen owned nearly all of Saddle River township, including Garfield, Belmont and Rob- ertsford. It was a frugal, industrious family, bent on good farming, with an eye to real estate investments, trait-s which cling to Ihe descendants. The male line is now extiiu-t. but the female line is represented by the names of Kip. Vreeland. .Merselis, Van Houten. Yereance and Alyea. In the list of Revolutionary soldiers from hereabouts the names of Van Wagoner and (Jarretsou do not appear. TlIK iMUGIirV lA.MII.V (IF TOST. Adrian I'ost was an agent of the Baron \:iii der ('aiiellen and in charge of his colonies on Stateii Island when the settle- iiienl was destroyed by the Indians in li!."i.>. In October of that year he was appointed to treat with the Hackensack Indians for the release of prisoners. He was ap|>ointed an ensign in the Bergen militia on Septe-inbe-r 4. H>73. He was keepi-r of the fii^t prison in Berge>n County — the house of .lohn Berry. He died February US. 1(177, le^aving be-hind him children, fiMiii whom the I'ost family he'rcabouts si>riiigs. Consider.ible is known about hiiii. He liveil at ('(Unniuni- paw. and there is extant an oath of alle-giance which he and otlie>rs took •<> Charle-s H. There is also in existene-e a letter written to him and another, addre-ssed to Captains I'ost and Cornelius, interpreters, by Governor Philip Carteret, respect- ing a trip to treat with the Indians. It reads as follows. Governor Carteret's slips in orthography and punctuation be- ing scrupulously pri-seired: — Eliz. Town the L'f.lh Xlay IC.im;— "Capt. I'ost anil Cornelius — "This letter to aci-ompany Caiil. Treat and some i>f his cempany they are going lo Haiken.sack to Oraton. therefore so as you have beginin'd ij [iray you to ('ontiniie, and to go long with tlii'in to saiil Oraton and to Interpret iiiy Letter that I have written to liiiii likewise to helii the said Capt. Treat for to bring the Bargain of the Land conci'rned to a period, the same being ended yoii shall bring Oraton and the Owne-r or at least the Owners of the said land with you: and to view the said Land, and to put the Limitts — a<-cordii!g the use and your best ,Iudgineiit not more at the present I do remain — " 24 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC On May is. 1071. he was one of a jiir.v of twelve to trr William Haokett. master of a sloop, for violating the law reeiilating the loading and unloading of vessels. He had a son Adrian, who was one of ftie Ai, was married to Martje iMary) Thomas, "both living in Esse.t County at Akquegnonk," on .Tanuary 9, 1730, by the Rev. Henricus Coens. minister. The marriage license was obtained November 2t;, 172"J. The law coneer.iing marriages, it should be explained, was somewhat curious. In an act passed May 30, 1088. it was provided that "no person shall be married without the con- sent of parents, masters or overseers, and the notice of their intention thereof being three times published in and at some public meeting and church, where the parties have their most usual abode: or .set up in writing their purposes of marriage on some public house, where they live, and there at least to abide for the space of fourteen days (subsoiuently changed to three weeksl before marriage, which shall be performed in -some public place by an approv<>st died -lanuary i. 17,S9, in his eighty-third yi'ar. The inscription on his tombstone in the old church- jard reads: — "Behold and see as you pass by, .\s yi>u arc now, so once was I. As I am now. so you must be. I'repare for death and follow me." This .Adrian had a son. .\drian A., born Deccnilier '-. 1730. died .Tanuary 11, 1808, Adrian M., his son, was born May 27. 17."ili, ajd died March 2.j, 1829. He had several sons and daughters, from whom the farm passed to the Aycrigg taniily. The youngest living descendant of the family is Master Kichard Post, three .vears old. son of ,Tohn Post of 30,"> Hloomtield avenue, Ipon the death of Adrian M. the Post farm and tlie Van Winkle farm adjoining on the south, which he obtained by purchase, were diviiled among his children. One of them. John A, Post, built for himself the large house on Kiver Drive now owned by the Passaic Home and Orphan Asyhim Association, This was the Major Post who founded the inniber business now carriee told in a later chapter. Its hero was only twenty-six years of age at the time. After the war he retnrne years. One relic of the Posts of Colonial times, which Passaic w the county of Essex. East .New .lerse.v. about a mile from till church and Landing, now in the possession of Casparus Scluiylcr: the title is indisputable. "For conditions of sale, agree with said Casparus Schuy- ler, on the premises." By means of this advertisement. pri>sumably. Schuyler sold the property to Adrian I. Post, who conveyed it to the church. His deed to the church recites that the first named Adrian obtained title "by easting of lot.s. mutual exchange, or other- wise." The "timber swamp" referretl to was what was until recently known as "Frogtown." The house erecteti by Schuy- ler, as remodeled, is still in giMMl cimdition. Schu.vler was a man of means, and erected an unusually well-built house, as the present building ittests. The I'osts of that da.v were large holders of real estate, obtained by punhase and mar- riage. THE JACOBSE (VAN WlNKI.Ei FAMILY. From the city of Middleburgh. the capital of Zealand, on the island of Walcheren. IIKI miles southwest of Wagening. came the faniil.v of .lacoben or Jaeobse. When it settle7 on tin- ship .Inn Biii>- Ihlf raiiic TlivK iMatlliiiisi .lacoliscn: in Hi.M) on tlie ship I'ailli I which hroiiKht the Carrctscns) inuie IVtiT .Tatolis. .-jml .Inn .larohscii, Kpki' .lacolis ami I.aiirt-n.s .lai'olis in Kolirii- ary. uiiil in Dwi-iiihi-r. on thf siinif ship. .Vt-ltji- .lacohsen. Ill KMJO. iu the funionH S|H>ttiHl Cow, IVter, C'ornolis anil .Ian Jiii'oluuMi, while the Itilileil Otter, in the same year, liroii^ht \\ illeiii .lai-olweii ami Ciinster .laeoli's wife anil ilanKhter. In 1)>7any. Walling Van A\ inkle, one of the grandsons of Willing tlu- first, eretted on his share of the estate the house, still stand- h.g. and known to old residents as the David I. .\nderson homestead. Mi. Anderson purchased it about the middle of the ceutur.v. It stands at the Bergen County entrance to the County Bridge, and is used as a hotel. DAVID 1. ANDERSON HOMESTEAD. WALLINGTON. Built by Waning Van Winkle who giive his num.' to Wallhigtmi. \Vnlling. the grandson, wa.s a .Tiistice of the Peace for Bergen County in 1700. A great-grandson. Walling, an oUicer of the Aiii la-kano.ik church, died .lanuaiy 7, ]83:j, 78 years old. The inscription on his headstone reads:— "In early life he sought the Lord, Became a convert to His Word, And by example did exprtss His love to God and holiness. His -iflico made the church his care. Her interests were his daily prayer. .\s husband, father, neighbor, fiieml. Beloved and faithful to the end." Itichai-d Van Winkle, great-greal-great-giandson of Wal- ling, is still living in the borough of Lodi, hale and hearty, at I he age of ,83. His memory i.s excellent, and he is a walking encyclopaedia concerning old "Qnacknick," as he calls it. I'roin him come many of the things herein written, concerning llie old familh-s particularly. AVe have partially Iriinl the descent of llic Walling \:iii Winkle family. His brotln r. Symon, married .Viinetje Sip 1.11 December l.'., 1C,7.-., at llie Befornnil Church in Bergen, where they both lived. riiey selth'tl here soon after UiSo. They were blessed with a fairly niiinerons family, as it woiihl be considered in Ihos- days. There were iK.rn to them in .VcipiackaiKUik five girls and seven boy.s. about half of whom married and settled here. Synion's farm o.cupied the terri- tory ihiMiigh which Aycrigg avenue and the Boulevard ex- THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 27 ti'i.il. His lic.iisr sIiHiil .,11 Kiv.T I>i-ivi'. ;i lillli- 111. rill 111' A.vi-iintf .ivnnu-. TIutc :in. n.. ii-nccs i>r it ii.iw. Tli.- I'jini WHS pu roll used I'l'.Mii liis ili'sc.-ncliuils in isrj l.y A.liiMii M. INist. S.viii.iii liiiil Miiiitlu'i- fanu iit Wi'iisrl i('liri..iii. .'in. I wiis wcaltli.v , M >i ..Illy in his own ri^lit. Iml tlir.niv'li liis wife. Simon \'.iii Winlili'. son of Syin.m. was ilcai-.m in tlic Itcl'ornu'il CIlMi-cli in 170!l. .laroli. anotliiT son. Iiail a larni on III!' west side of ill.- W.-as,.] Koa.l. in (•|iil..ii. ..n iIm' 11..11I1 of the Garrctson laiin. II.' .lii.l .May L'. IT.'Hi. Hi- will ,li- rooti'il his c-xocntoi-s to soil lli.' |.r.,|n'i'iy wiiliin Ilii'.'i' wi'.'ks after his death. Accordinfjlv ii w.is advertised as follows;— "To lie sold at pnlilie \'eiidne. on Thursday the 7tli of .Inn.' next eiisuintr. at the l)\vellinf,'-Honse of the hile .laeoli \mii Winkle at Weesel. in the I'reeinet of Aecnieehi'noii);. in lli.' Connty of Essex.* I'>a.st-New-.lei'si y. ".V I>Helliii;;-n(iu.se and Hani, with rw.. .Vlhiiineiits of Land ailjoiiiin^' to eaeh othei-. e.nilaininn alioiit 1!>4 Aeres. with a ;;ood ( )i-eli.'ii'd. allowed to lie of the liest Lots in Ae- (ineckenon;; Patent, and lyinjr upon the JIain Country Road, from Newark to the Ili^'hlan.ls: the most Fart lieini: elear'il and is e.xtraordinary j.'ood tillalile and pasture Land, well watered; the Keniainder well wooded. sufHefent for the niain- lainiuK Fenee. and support of Fire-Wood, and other uses of the said farm; situate ver.v iileasaiit upon I'asayck Hiver and aliotit two miles and half from AeiiueeheuoiiK Chureh. and a L.'inilin^': Tliere is also three or four ( Jrist-Mills. and as many Saw-mills, within aliout a mile and half of said Farm. The Title for said Lands is trood and in.lisiiutalile. Also at the said Time and I'laee, will lie sol.l .'it pulilii- \'enilue. Horses. Cows. Sheeii .-md Hojis, and all sorts of Ctensils f.ir farining. a Dm eh \V.i^'i;on, and Turner's Tools, and several sorts of Household (JimhIs, etc. The Conditions of Sale ina.v be seen at the Saiil Time and Plaee of \'eiHlue. Tli.' N'endue to bc- t;in at 10 o'Cliiek aforeiiiinn. an. I conliinu' lli.' next Day. or Days foll.iwin;^. unlil emi.'.l. ".\Luinus \'.iii Wiiikl.' aii.l "Katharine \'.iii Winkle Fxrs "N. P>. All persons haviii;; auy Demands uiion the Estate of the said .lacoli \'an Winkle, deeeased. .-ire desired to lirin^ in their Demands to the s.-iid Executors, in order to lie ad- ji.sted. and paid as soon as [lossible; and all I'ersons that are indebteil to tlie siiid Estate, .-ire desired to make Pay- ment, and save Trouble." This advertisement, with its engaging' tlunniiig postscript. was printed in the New York (Jazette. revivef the Van P.lareom family was Lubliert Lulibertseii. who came to this country in April, 1(!IJ2. on the shiii HoiM'. 'I'he log of the ship gives a list of passengers, including' — "Lulilierl I.nlil.i'rl^i'ii, fr.nn M.'ppi'l. .Kgrii-nllurist. an.l w if.' anil lour 'hildren. "Willi'Mi Lubbi'i-tsen. Agriculturist, and wife and six chil- dii'Ti." Meppel was in tli." province iif Drenthe. which at that lin.e contain. 'il .>nly live acres of arabh' land, but sU|)ported lifly thousand souls. .Mepiiel is ;iear two larger towns. Heu- larker and Westervoort. The Lubbertsens. who weie evidently brothers, settled at New Ct.'eeht. L. L In lliltT Willem puichaseil a farm there. Ill s.ild it two years later. His childri n were .\brahnni, .\ll- tie i.\delinei, Femmetje, .lohn and Willenitie, born before com- ing to this country. An .Abraham I.,iibbertson lived in New York, first on Pearl street, .ind later mi Broad street, in liMjO- '7i>. In li;70 he was skipper .>f a North River sloop. .\ Ca- l.iiil Liibberlsen settled at or near .New Brunswick, N. .1. Lubliert Lilbbertsen's children were: Lubliert, Rollif iR.ilplii. -Margrietie and Maritii- i.Maryl. born in Holland, .ind C. .melius. .lohi I .Inn born on Long Island. Cornelius is 1 he .me in whnin we are interested. Me was one of the palenti-es. Surnames wen' selected diirinj; the second generation. Some of the family selected Westervelt, meaning in the Hol- land toiigtu'. "a west field." It i.s supposeil by some, how- 1 ver. that the name w.is originally Westervoort, after the town of that .laine near Meiipel. Others called themselves Van Blerkura (event;ially Van HIari 11, jM-rhaps after Beu- larker, the nearest important town to Meppel. A few retained the (dd name. In the census of Kings tVunty, Long Island, for lli98, is found the name of Tys Ltibbertz, which name is still common on Long Island, and is found in this state. Cornelius Lubbertsen or Van Blarcom was awarded the farm upon which the Passaic Bridge station stands. He sold it to .lohn Sip of .ler.sey City soon after, and never built a house here. Instead of becoming a permanent settler, he bought other land in this couu'y, and finally moved to Bergen County, where he aciiuired more laii.l and tiecauie the father of many Van Blarcoms. His progeuy and their cousins, the ^A'estervelts, spread all over Passaic and Bergen counties. One of them, Adrian Van Blarcom. from the Notch, married a de- sci ndent of an->lh 'r patentee family. Phoebe Shelp. who was a \'an Wagoner. He became an honored citizen. There were eight Westervelts from Bergen County in the Revolutionary war. There were no Van Blarcoms from either I'.uiit.v. but the.v nia.v be disguised as the tnree Van Blerigans ep.t.'i'e.l .in the rostef. A picture of domestic distress, not unkuowii to these days. is divulged by a \aii Blarcom in the New Y'ork Oiazette (Week- ly Post Boyi of August 18, I7.V1. It is contanieil in N. .1. .Vr- cliives. Vol. 1. page .■i2(j, as follows: — "NOTICE "Whereas. Merity Van Blarikiiu. Wife of me, .lohanes Van Hl.iriU.ini. in the County of Bergen. East New .lersey, hath absconded herself fr.iui me. lu r Husband, this 2d day of .Inly in the year 17.Vi. "These are iheref.ire to f.uewarn all merchants and Trades- men either in city or country, not to trus- her. the said .Merity. on my aceniiit. for I will pay no debts contracted by her from Ibis Date. By me .Tohanes \'an Blarikoni." THE TOMASSEN oK \ .\ N KIPKK lAMlLV. The nanie \'an Riper comes from a town in Denmark. Rypeii. on the River Gram in the |uovince of Ribe, in the southwest pa.'t of North .Intland. It is very ancient, has an old cathedral, ami its fine harbor once made It a great seaport, but miw commerce flows in other channels. The locality was a battle-ground between Denmark and Swe.len from 1('i;!7 to l(i4.j. when the Swedes twik the city. It was given back by treaty, but war soon broke out again, and was not concluded till liU'.o. Then came a remark- able revolution in domestic politics, and the lirst \'an Riper — .luriaeii Tomassen— left Rypen on .\pril 2. Hir..'.. in the sliiii • It should be remembered that it was not until 18.37 that Passaic County was erected out of parts of Essex and Bergen. 28 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. The S|H.ttid Cow. U.uiid f..r New York. Tliere were ninety olher nameK ou the passenger list, hut he seems to have heeii the i.nly one of his family. lie settli-d in Jersey City, ami niarrii-.] I'ryulje Ilenuans on May 25. 16ii7. They had nin- ihildren. Some of his rhildren took the name of .Inriansi-. n>«- Yereanw. of whom there are many hereabouts. Other> called then-i»'lves Keypen. after their father's liirthplai-e. It iM-eame Van Uy|M-r. and then Van Kiper. .Iiiriuen Tomassen was one of the patentees. His sou llarman, born I>eivmler, (i. 1080, uiarriel). He had thirteen eliildreu. in ■ hidiiik' .\lirahaui, born January '2Tt. ITltJ. who married Eli/.:i lieth Bradbury. .V none their children was John .\.. bom February 12. 17.V1. His name is in Sirykcr's list ot Jersey- men in the Revolution. He hail eiRht children, includin:: .\l>ra- linin. born September 15. 1782, a member of the .Vssi-mbly in 1S48-'4"J, a Justice of the Peace and a Chosen Freeholder in PasKaie County. His son, -Vbram W.. was the father of Dr. Ci melius Van Ui|H-r. • f the best kmiwn iiliysicians of the city. (JoiuK ba-k to the oriKiniil Juriaen Tomassen. we tind that his farm in the .Vcipiackauo ik pa'cnt was settled by his sou, Thomas. It lay iH-tween Van Houten and Brook aveniu-s. e.N- tcndini; toward tlie mountains. .VnioUK his ten children was tJerrit, who inherited the greater part of tne farm within the city limits. From him descendtnl Herrick or Richard Van ICi|M>r, who was made a .-aptain in Colonel Thomas's ballaliim of "Detached Militia" on July IfS. 177ti. .V U'tter from Colonel Ridiinson of the British army to Sir Henry Clinton, dated New Y'ork. February 2.S, 1781, says:— "Christian I.i>w/.ier and Richard Van Riper say they live at .Vci|nai|Ui-nnni'k. which place they left Monday last. "It was rcpiirled that part "f \Vasliin>:ton's army were to «ii to the sonlliw;ird. bcin-»' se-it fur. and they heard sonu- had marchol to .Morristown fmni Pompliin. but that thc-y heanl niithini; of troops arrivini; from the lli;:hl:nids lof the Ilmlsoni. They know noiliin;: of \Vashiiii:l>>n liiman intellicenci-. He dietl May 2,'?. l.strj. at the aue of li*i. His tombstone in the oli! chnrcliyanl has this inscription:— Derrick \an llipcr Diew oei>npi<^l b\ bis uramblaughter aiul her husbami, .Vndrcw Z. Terhune. This is perlia|>s Mie oldest of any of the Dutch housed in this lo<-ality that retnins its original appi^arann-. .\s it appears liMlay. it was erecteil aboiii 17">i'. but part of it was • SQUIRE" VAN RIPER HOUSE, RIVER ROAD the original house. ei-e years. "S<|uire" Van Riper was a man of no ordinary intelligence and education. As the term implie.s. he was a Justice of the I'eaiv. then an oHiie of ligiiity. He also acteil .is a convey- ancer, drawing deeds, wills and other legal papers. He was never admitted to the Bar. bnt was appointed a Master in Chancery, which enabled him to take acknowledgincnts and otherwise expedite legal business. He was one ol the lay judgi-s of the Passaic Connty Court of Common Pleas and a member of the .Vssembly. He was widely known throughout this part of the state, ami the people hail conlideiice in his sterling integrity and unerring judgment. He was administr.i- tor. exi'cutor. guardian and trustee of many estates. Tin' records show thit for various purposes, at one time or an- other, a great deal of the real estate, not only within the city, but throughout the county, was transferred to him. He toidi a leading part in the councils of the Itel'ornied Dutch Church until about 1825, the year of the great se- iHssion In the denomination. .\t that time the Rev. Peter D. FriH'ligh was the pastor. His father. Rev. Solomon Frodigh. pastor of the church at Sehraalenburg. Bergen County, had left the Reformed denomination in 1S22. The sou seceded from the cl.nrch here in 182.". ami a large number of his warm friends fcllowed him. Prominent among the set-eding members was Cornelius ti. Van Riper. Services were ludil at lirst in Lud- low's barn, now at the rear of the I'agoda Hotel at Passaic Briilge. The seceders were stnmg. Some say tiiey included two-thirds of the old congregation, and tiny i-ertaiidy had its most promiiieiit memliers. They built a m>w chur<-h and pri.siM'red until the pastor committeil suicide. This caused many to return to the oM fold, and among them was Cor- nelius t!. Van Riper. He luiaine more than ever attai-hed to the mother church, and was elected su|K'ri:)tendent of the Sumlay-school. iu which capacity he served tw-nt.v-eight years. -Vfter his d.-ath a tablet to his memory was placed ou the scl.iHd w.iU. It may still be rs si'KKi; iamii v. Oil ilir n.ll uT (lie iiassciiBors of tlic ship Fnilli. that liroiiKlil tii'i'iit (ii'irilMui to Ni'W Ymk in I >c(fiiilirr. Ki.V.t. up- ixais the lamo nf ■■IloiulriiU .Innst'ii Spiers and wife anil two ike many others of the patentees he setllid in Jersey City, and aiiinired <-oiisideralile land there. His wife was JIaileliiie llaiise. Ill- .lied leaving' three sons. .Ian l.Iohnl. Iliiiis i.laiki ami Hareiil. His w id.iw married .Ian .Vertsen \'.-ll'.lerhill en |)ee,'llll.er l( ». lliSl. Tile Siieers liav.' hmiestly inherited their land-ciwiiiiii; traits. Their aiuvstur was a heavy lauded proprietor. On .Tune l.">, 1(!74, toir.'llier with .loost Vander T^inden and Hen- driek de Haeker. he iietitinned the Rovernnient for some land on Staten Island, at the nioiith of "Kill Van Koll." .Tohn Hen- driek Speare was one of the ;;rantees in the Indian deed of March 2.S. KIT!', and in the .Ve.piaekanonk [larent. which com- pleted his title. His name .ilso appears as a srantee in a deed for several thousand acres of land near the Ilackcnsack Itiver. anil in a deed sriven in 1T(H i':t from Tepiinw aiul other In- dians for a tra -t of lai:d in Esse.x County, "on the east side of the I'aseek river to the hills." He was also one of several purchasers of uiaiiy liiimlicl .icros at Belleville and Franklin. It will lie noticed that the man first spoken of was Hendrick .Tansen Spiers, while the patentee was .John Hendrick Speare. They are one and the same, ami the hitter is the eorreet name. .lohn Hendrick Siieare received, anionjr other allotments from the .^.cquackanonk patent, a farm fronting on the river. licMvi-en Passaic and Delawanna, I>clawaiina avenue, known alsii as the Varnish factory road, runs alioiit through its cci trc. He Imilt a stone house, slill standing'. This old house, small as it is, gives the best possible idea of the size, shape and api)earance of the first hon.ses erected by the patentees. This is perhaiis the only instance where the orisinal building remains intact, without being enlarged as the f.imily increasetl in numbers and wealth. It has seen changes all about it, yet remains unchanged. The Speer farm stretched from the river to the monntain. and was first divided, years afterward, among three brothers, descendants of John Hendrick Siiean- — Henry, .John and Gar- ret. Henry received the part from the river to the Dwas Jjine road. "Dwas" is Diitch for division. The Dwas lines hereabouts are nnnierons, but the one wliiili is particularl.v known by that name runs west of and parallel to Franklin avenue, in Ac- i|Uackaiiouk township, and diviiled the Speer farm. The middle portion of tJie farm, on the other side of th(> Dwas line, was given to .Tohn. Garret got the extreme westerly third, wliidi put him aw.iy back iiitu the countr.v. It is said that the land l.xiiig between the river road and the river was to be held ill common by the lliree br.ithers for shipping ami watering purposes. Henry Speer had nine i liildreii. the history of whose de- scendants Ls so closely interwoven with the pa.st and present l:fe of Passaic that they should be treated of here in extenso. They were: — 1. James, who went to Cincinnati in 1.S21), made a for- Inne at paper-making, and left a family who became [iromi- neiil ill cit.v affaii's. II. Nelly, who marriol nenjamiii Kiicslainl, ami died without isslh'. III. John, who went west, married an Indian girl, and had a sou, John, who on the death of his parents came to Pas- saic and was brought up by his aunt, Nelly, John, the young- er marrieil Kilie, daughter of Israel Simpson, whose house at Franklin is now ix-eiiiiied by ICalon Stone, the veteran circus rider, IV. Henry, married Rachel Van Einburgh, daughter of Abrani Van Kmbnrgh, whose brother was a Itevoliilionary sol- ilier. .Vbrain was a blaiksmith and fisherman living on the east bank of the river, below Ihi- old Helleville b.-idge. Uacliel had a twin sister, .Viin, wli> married one Betts, a stddier of the war of 1M"J. She is still living at the great age of !I7 yi-ars, and is drawing a widow's pensioM. The twin sisters, ".\iint Ra- chel S|)eer," as she was known, and Mrs. Ann Betts. kept eacli other company through life to the age of 91, and jnst before .Mrs. Speer's death were desi-ribed as tl blest twins in the rnitesely iilentified. 2. .loseph T., born May 22, l.S2.">. Died in infancy, .",. ,Ioseph Theodore, born February 1!». 1,S2!). He mar- ried Mary Fairbauk December 2."i, IS."):?, and they had two chil- den, Theodore ,iiid Minnie F,, who married Warren S. Cole- grove. His second wife was I'lllen Fisher. July .">. 1871. He still lives in Passaic. V. (Jertrmie married .loliii Itawlins. They went to Cin- cinnati, where he formed a |iartnership with his brother-in-law. James, in the paper-making business. VI. .lacob, who went to Newark, married in the wealthy Hedenbiirgli family, dying rich, and U-aving two boys and four girls. Charles died a bachelor, while Edward is marriiHl and has children. Of I he girls, one married a Woodruff and ai. other a Palmer, who was one of Newark's prominent poli- ticians, and h.id troubles, of which many have heard. Eliza died recently, unmarrieil. and Louisa resides on Cedar street, .Newark. She makes frecinent visits to her cousin. .Alfred. \H. Hiiriieli married Bet.sy, daughter of David Snyder, who keiit an hotel at Delawanna. It was a famous tavern seventy years ago. The family was so numerous at Delawanna that the place was called Siiyders. Francis Snyder still lives ill the old Zachariah Snyder house {>n the north side of Yan- tacaw pond. Burnett's sons, Edmund and Burnett, still live here. David keeps a tavern at Sing Sii g, N, Y. The other children are John, who died unmarried, and Clara. VIII. Maria married John Devausney, a blacksmith, with a house and shop between the road and the river at the southern city limits. He died leaving his widow poor. She moved to the \\'iricl):i'. It liail a largf fenctnl-iu KanUfi in front at that tiim-. ami was uiif of the fnu-st lioust-s in town. Here Mi>i. I>i-vaiisn<-y raised luT lartrc faniilv liv dint <•( hard work and frnsjality. Her childri-n workc-rk. All the other patentee fam- ilies served til" old .Viiinaekniiouk fhnreli in some eapaeity. In war. however, they took r.etive part. Lookinc over the Kevolutionary roster, we find the names of Abraham Spear, private in the roriipan.v of Cornelius Spi-er. who in 1777. was captain in the Sei'ond ICe;;iment. Es-sex County. He also served in Craiir's company of State troops as well as in the Continental anny. Francis was a private iu the Es.sex com- pany. Henr.v was a private in the Second Essex, in which he iH-eume a captain, and also sei'>°ed in Craig's company. William Spear scrv(.il with him under CraiK. In the War of till KclH-llion .lidin K. S|H-ar. Edwaid .\. and .Icdin M.. all of .\i'i|uai'kanonk. served with honor, wliili' Irvin;; anil Morpin Spcer, sons of Alfred SiH.i.r. eulistol in the First Colorado Rej;- inicnl. which nMidcri-il ilistinirnishef i Ralph) Cornelis,sen, fri 111 Hoiiteii. Holland. Hoiiten merns "wihiJs." the |dai-c liciiiK a small villas" in u wimk1i.si.il to have left IIoll:i:id diiriii;; the Thirty Years' War. in which thiHilnpy and politics wen so iiiuih Ideiidi.)! that all Kuro|ie was emliroiled. In ll>47 he was serviuK in the iJiitch troo|>; in New York. He married (ierritje Van .Ness and had two chillrcn. Ilalmagh and Cornelius, the latter horn in Il'kil and liaptized on Seiitemher 10 of that year. They received the surname RiH'lofse from their father's Chris- tian name, lint in maiihoiHl a;,'ri-eil i>ii the famil.v siirnaiiie of Villi Hoiilen IfnMii Hoiilenl. Cornelius, on • of the patentees, ilrew lot 14 on the iiia|> of the tlothaiii divisimi printed iiliove. ll was a tiian^'le. which was hounded aliout as follo.vs: Siiuthw(.st liy (Jiove street and till same strei't extended, east li.v Prospect strtvt and Lexinj:- ton avenue, north hy a line HlHl fwt north of Monrm- stn-et. 'I'his was his homestead farm, and his dweflini; was at the .siiiithwcst niriicr of I'ros|H.ct stn-.-t and Howe avenue. The entire pro|ierty i-eniainiil in the Van Hoiiteii family until .liiiie r,), 17,'>1, when a Cornelius \'iin Hoiiteii deiihsl ii lo [.iicas Wessels, who sold it to .lacoli E. Vu.elaiid in \S»tn, The house was pnrcha.sed hy the late I»r. .lohn .\l. Ilowe, when he came here in I.S.V1. It was torn down in 1^711, and the site is now oicnpieU liy a steam laundry. The family, thouKh not nniiieroiis now, has ln.eii prominent hireahoiits for many years. Iliiriiii.' Ilr.- Revolution they cave money and streiiicth to the .aiise of iiidi (HMideiicc. .Vlirahatn and I'owles Van Houteii were lientenanl-colnnels in Fell's liat- taliiiii of State troops. .Vilrian. Carinns. Carrel, tlendrick. .la- cob and .lohn H. >'aii Houteu were privates in the war. The name is found frciiuently iu the lists of judares and justices, freeholders and i-omniissiouers. The family provided many elders and deacons for the church as well. llli; KESCENKANTS OF HANS I )l Kl HMCK. This one of the pateatets seems to have been a notable fi^rure in his day. He is first mentioned .is havip.};. on Novem- ber '2'2. HiChi. with thirty-two other inhabitants of Bersen taken the oath of allegiance to Charles II. In 1()71 he was a juror in the case of the Crown against William Hackett, for violation of the marine rules, aud later in the same year in a case in- volving the pulling down of Richard Michell's fence. On March '.I. Hi7."i. he was "appointed constable for the corporation of Hi rgeii. to be sworn in by Capt. Berry." At a meeting of the Council of New York, licbl .Inly .30. Ii'kSO. the following peculiar resolution was passed: — "Upon the returns from Berghen, upon being infcirnicd that none of did mei'te. Resolved, that Cornelius Van der Hnrgh & G?rrit CJi-rritji- be allowed. Hdyrek. Clark Braedy & Elyas Miehaelye bee not allowed & Tonne meeting to bee held also of a New Constable in the place of Capt. Hans I>!derick his time of Cons'table being long since expired." Whatever important facts are hidden in this minute, we next find him apiniinted one of the .lusticis of the I'cace for I'.crgen County in KiS^-'S.*?. He was one of the iietitiouers for the Aciiu'ickauonk patent iu lti84. I.i the elei-tion of ICiSti Hans Dedricke and Peter Hessels were elected Deputies from the town of Bergen. Together with Captain .lohn Berry. I^nwreuie Anilries (later Van Buskirk). Enoch Vri-elaiul aud others, he was 011 the first ivmmission to lav out roads in the county of Bergen. They were api>ointed by an act of the liCgislature and were the first commissioners of highways in the Stale. He held this iillicc from ItiTS until his death. He was appointed lieutenant of the Bergen militia September 4, l(i7;{. This, i hough, may have been due to his popularity as a tavern-keeper. He secured his license February .'{. Hi71. to keep a tap-house in the town of Bergen. It was the second in the nmiit.v. Man.v of the meet- ii:gs of the commissioners of highways were held there, and his tavern was the political headquarters of the town until his death. September lilt. IfKLS. Die-xington avenue from Sherman street to Summer stri-et and running back to the Van Wagoner farm. There was no ap- pioach to it until Lexington avenue was laid out to run through it. While Diedrick evidently intendeil to live here and i-oni- nienced to build a dwelling, he sold it still unfinished to Ilessel Pcterse, who occu|>ied it. It was the best and largest of the patentees' hous.-s, and stood at lx>xington avenue and Autumn stii-et until torn down a few years ago. The present generation kiiw it as the Peter E. Mersi-lLs honii>stead. Peter E. was thf father of Henry ("Baas" -Marst-llus of Garfieldl and the late .lohn C. who changed the fjimily name to the French form. .Mar^elliis. a few years ago. Hans Diedrick pnrcha.sed considerable land in .lersey City in May. KifiS. and aci|iiireil some meadow lot-s as well. His son. Wander, inheriteil th'e estate and inereisid it, so that H|ioii his death. August la. 1732, he left a deal of property. His heirs were Antje. wife of .lohn Vreeland: Abraiii. Cor- nelius. David, CJa.-r-'t. .lohn aud Maigaret. widow of Garret Van Ryiien. There an> no Diedri. ks in Passaic but on .May Id. 173!), in the .Vcijiiackanonk church .lohaniu-s Didericks, widower, born mill living at Bergen itlie son of HansI, \\a.-> married to Hesther \ leelaiiil. maiden, born .iiul living at We.sel. In tile record THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 31 n( h;iptisiMs wr liii'l tli;ii .IhIiiiiih's and his wife. < Iccrtriiiji \'iin \\ iiiki'l, liiiil llu'ir si>ii, .liuMili, lioni Kebruiiiy V2, 112S, Impli/.i'd on Miii-cli ic ■>!' Ill It .veiir. Otlicrwisc the iiniiip never figured in this hxahty, and is now extinet. Persons of that name are Innud in .Jersey ("ity and New York. In Uerjien and Ilmlson eonntii's thi- family is represented in llie Van Winkle. Van Ituskirk. Zahriskie and otlier families. THKMISSI.Ni; WK.WKi:, AliUAH.VM BOOKEY. Of all the fourteen i>atentees. least is known of Abraham Itookey. His name a|>pears nowhere but in the patent, and is otherwise unknown here. A note on paiJe "i" of Whitehead's "Kast .Ier.s"y I'nder the I'r >iirietors." says of the patentees: "These men were principally from Ber^ren. then a eliartered township of eleven years" standin;:." From this it would ap- pear that nol .ill of them i-anii' I'roiii Kerfien. It is belii'Vi'd Bookey was a .v aver from New York and that lie was indneed to ;ettli' here with the expectation of find- in;, iileiity of business in the weaving; of linen and cotton goods for ihe patentees and other expecteil settlers. Weaving was dmie liy hand until 17ST. whin water power looms were built at Beverly, Mass. It was not until 17!)4 that the hrst cotton mill was built at ratersou, which speeilily became the cradle of the industry. BiM)key did not remain here loag with his hand loom and never owned any land. He found the Mesdanies Van Hoiiten. \'au Blarcoui. et al., too industrious and friigiil lo allow him to do their weaving, and closed his shoji for lack of biisini'ss. New York had iinny housewives who were Ix-couiiiis t«M> pros- perous to spill and weave for their fiiniifies. and he moved there, living near the Whitehall ferry till his death in 17IM. His son, Abraham, did not follow hi.s trade, but kept a tavern near the same place. In the New York Gazette or Weekly Post Boy, of May 13, IV.'l. apiiears this adv 'rtisement:— ■■Whereas, some Time in March last, n Pillow-t.'a.se with sundry (Joods, was put on Board one of the .Vmboy Stage Boats, without Directions: whoever owns the said Pillow-Case, by applying -.o Aaron Edwards, who may be heard of at Mr. Abrahaiii Booke's on the DiH-k at the Wliiti-llall Sli]). on de- scribing the goods Mid iiaying the charges of advertising, may have them again." CHAPTER VIL THE LIFE OF THE SETTLERS. Hardy, Yet Lovers of Comfort and Good Cheer — Advantages and Beauties of Their Situation — Their Religious and Social Characteristics — Their Slaves, and How They Treated Them, HA\ IM; now |jlaiiti'il ilu- Hrst settlers iu tlii-ir lioiiii's, it will III- iut'Tc-sliiiK ti> Jraw a pirtiiro of tLi- hauilct and its lieaiitiriil siirrouiidiugs. Its cliii-f lioaiilies were the pure, elear stream and the wouded, rolling eoiintry, inter- .s|n'rsed with tillalile fields. At any time tnward the eluse of the seveuteeiith eeiitiiry iiii;.-ht lie seen on the Point the two houses of the Vreeland lirothers, one on the site of the Manhattan I'rint Works, the other where B.is h's mill now stands. On the river hank, iu the rear of S|mmt's Chatean. was the honse of tlie third brother. L< okin? luirlh from there eoiild be seon the Post honse, after- ward the "Old First" |>arsoiia);e. ami beyond that the Peter.sc and Van Winkle homesteads. Perhaps the Garritse house in Clifton eonUI lie si-eii faintly in the distaiui. I.oidiiuK nearer home, the eye mi(;ht rest on the Van llonten farmhouse at the southwest <'oriier of llowe iivenni' ami I'rospeet street, while farther to the west the Sip Iioiim' would appear as a mere sperk. Looking' soutli aloim the river, the \'aii AVaisroner house, opposite the County Hridge, was prominent. Next eauie the Post Inuue, then the Sip house at I'assaie Bridge, while just beyond Van Kiper ami another Vreeland had their homes. Away to the south was the house of a lu'Wcomer among the patentees, one Sleinuiets. Aeross the river the only house in sight was tl ew om mi the Van Winkle farm. The i-hureh was not yet built. Itoails lln-re were none. What appeari-d to be a path followed the river mirth and south. Kill in the bai-k- grouiiil with noble woods and lovi'ly glimpses of green nooks, and lling ovi-r all a mdde e.\pause ol royally blue sky, be- spattered with Heeey elouds, and wc have u glimpse of Ae- iiuaekanonk on a spring day soon after the granting of llie j'ateiit. C(l.\l>ITIti.\S (l|- I. IKK IN TIIK I'itoVINCK. t'.indilions .f life in the Slate are earefully described about lliis time in a'l aecount given by Tlmnias Uudyard. the Deputy (ioverinir, to the twelve proprietors. He speaks of the advaii- tagi's of Kast .ler.sey over the neighboring luovim-es, in having the salt uieadovvs, regardeil as very valuable in tontribntiug .so iiim-h to the support of stwk iu winter. Two sawmills were jilreaily at work, and tiv- or six others were being built, whieh when eompleted would ri'duee the priee of boards one-half as Avell as other buihling timber. The people were generally sober, imiusirious and profess- ing li. e., Chrisliansi, wise in their gem'ration. eourteous in llu'ir behaviour, and res|H'<'tful to those iu ollleo, "The (oniilry lalled Hergi'U," he says in a paragraph gleam- ing with simple fun, "is almost entirely inhabiteil by Dutch- men, and at a town called Ni-wark is made eid"r iu great tpian- lities, e.\ejeding in ipiality that from ICIiode Island, New lOiig- li i:d or l.,oug Islaml." .Newark wa;. at that time in Hergen, the eoiinly of Mssex being formed in Ilisi'. I'ork and b- -f were selling at two cents a pound, lish ami fowl were plentiful. Wheat sold for four shilling-; ami luilian wheat for two shillings and sixpence u bushel. "Cider, good and plenty, for one penny a quart," we learn: "Good drink made of water and molasses, about two shillings a barrel, as wholesome as your eight shillings beer in England: gcxid venison, plenty, at eighteen pence per quarter: eggs at three pence a dozen: and all other necessaries of lite pknly. Vines. walnuts, peaches. ..S2, recpiiring masters to allow negro slaves sutlicienl aeeoininodatiou of victuals and vlothing: to the act S, presi rilling modes for trying slaves for cer- tain offences, and to the act '<( 17' it. laying duties on imp(U'led slaves. Such was slavery while we were yet a cohuiy of Great Bri^iiii. Till-; (iU.VDlAl, FUKEINt; Of SI.AVKS. In 17!)S, after New .Jersey had beii.me a State, the Legis- hiture declared that ever.v negro who was then a slave should remain so for life, unless maiinmitted. In ISill. however, llie Legislature ado|iteil a plan for the gradual abolition of slavery, and passei^ :iii act declaring "That every child born of .1 sl.ni>. after the -Itli of .Inly id" that year, sli add lie frei-. but remain the servant of the owner of the mother, until he or she arrived at. if a male, the age (d' Iwenty-Mve. and if a female, until tlii' age of twenty- one years." This act did not interfere with ( Aciinackaiimik. In 34 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. tLis ciisi- a writ uf lialioas coritus was sued out. By this writ ■a slavf wj!s lir(iii;;lit np, Imru previotis to .Tuly 4, 1804. To this writ I'ost pleaded that he was the owner of the ei'lored man. William. a;.'r them, on each of the respeetive farms. The Vreelands had their slaves' quarters in a building near the eorner of Morris and Fourth streets. The I'osts had theirs ou the rear of their farm, near the present corner of I'aulison avenue and Oak street. The house still stands, re- inoMonj.'li \« allow till m the use of the Uitihen. O.NK l)F rilK I..\S1' S1,.\V1-: lUl.l.S OK SAI.K. Hire is a <-iipy of a slave bill of >ali-. pioliably one of ili.- last made in this eity: — "Know all men by these presents that 1. .Mbert 1. .Vcker- mau of the Township of .VeiiuaeUanonk and County of I'assaic and State of New .lersey, for and in Consideraticui of Thirty dollars to me in hand paid by .Vdrian Van Blareom of the Township of .Vriiuackanuik and County of I'assair and State of New .jersey, the reecipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, ilo bargain and sell to the said Adrian Van Blareom and his heirs and assigns, my servant, L>ina, a Coloured (Jirl and now Slave to me. to have and hold the said Coloured (Jirl named I>ina until the saiil Dina may go out free under the Law of New Jersey entilleay of Oiiober. I'ighteen hundreil :ind thirty nine. "Witness Present "(Janet \'an Houleii. ■ .\lbert I. .Vekerman." .lohn Banker .\yerigg, father of the first Maym- of this eity, on .May i). 1,S20. by a doeiiinent executed in the presence of two subsi'ribing witiu-sses. and duly recorded, set free his "negro man .lack of the age of 28." Henry I. Kip likewise manumitted his slave woman Sarah. .Tohii S. Van Winkle his slave Kphriain and .lohn (Mit water his "negro wench Ma- riah." These are only a few instances of tho.se wli.i lield slaves. .Vdvertisements of slaves for sale were very eoin- nioii. The following are samph'S taken from a Newark paper in 17'.l7: "To be sold, a iiegra man and woman aged about thirty. The man understands farming and the woman cookery anil all kinds of household work. They will be sold separately or together as may best suit the pui chaser. HMqiiirc ul' tlic printers." "To be sold, a negro man about 2.'i years idd brought up to the farming business. He is strongly made: active: good dis]iosition and cajiable of doing as much work perhaps as any mail ill the stale. The price for him is only !f2.">0. Knquire of the iirinlers." While slaves were usually well trc.iied from motives of poliiy. many masters were cruel, and their slaves became runaways. When i-aiight they were usually cruelly |iunished with rawhides. Here is a typical runaway slave advertise- ment: — "TEN HAKli noLLAUS KKWAKD "Kan away last night trim the siilis.riber, a Negro man iiMiied Frank, about 40 years of age. o feet 8 or 10 inches high, slender made, has small legs, remarkably large feet. stoops and hobbles very much in his walking: had on or took with him a long brown broad cloth coat, a pair of blue plush bre«>ches several cloth jackets some tow shirts and trowsers. "Also ran away at same time a Negro Wench uame said Negroes that the Subscriber ma.v have them again shall leceive the above re- ward, ami reasonable charges if brought home paid by ".John Wilson "Hackett's Town .Tuly 24 1781." There were also white servants who were practically slaves for a limited time. l}eing bound to work for a certain period, and subject to forcible arrest and detention for break- ing their service. Thomas 1 stick of Second River in Newark advertised m The I'ennsylvani.i (gazette on .Tune 19. 173.1, that his Irish servant man. named Owen Ward, had run away fiom him, and after being taken up in Burlington had made his escape. He offered forty shillings' reward for Owen, who, it is to be hoped, was nev^r caught. THR WHIPPINd POST .\T A('(jrA( KANONK. The discipline of the negroes and of llic unruly element generally was maintained by the v.-hippiug post. For petty nijsdemeanors the law provided a iiinishnient of whipping on the bare back in [lublic', usually at a tavern. These affairs Usually brought a crowd, and made the tavern keeper several dollars richer. The Aoquackanonk whipping post was at the tavern ou Main avenue, opjxisitc thi- church. The culprits were usually negroes, condemned to he. ivy punishments for the most trivial offences. The punishment was inflicted upon sentence of two justices of the peace before whom the charge was heard. The culiirit would be suspendepings were given to regular customers. .lohn Soop, a slave owned by .lohn \'.iii Wagoner, was one of them. He bore the lash like a iii.in, and never winced, except at first. .\ricr .1 iiiiiiilicr of whippings he grew to despise the h'sh, and would dame around. cxcl.Miiiiing: "Vou t unusual in Bergen County. .V negro was burned to death in M'.'.'i lor having threatened to kill his leastcr. who struck him. The same punishinent was inflicted in 1741 oil another slave who threatened his master's life and attempted to poison a f< llow-slave, while in 1742 two negroes vcre burned for a suspected eonsiiiracy to set seven barns on fire. In each instance they were condemned by a hastily sum- U'cned court of five justices and nine freeholders, a luajorit.v of whom could convict. These ociurrences did not outlive the Hcvolution, although the whipping post, pillory and .stocks were not dispensed with until many years aflcrw.ird. CHAPTER VIIL ACQUACKANONK LANDING. Early Commercial Supremacy and Trade With New York and West Indies — Litigation Over the Landing — Some Early Merchants — The Ludlows' Treason and Drummond's Mistaken Self-Sacrifice — Adrian Van Houten's Strange Visitor and His Half-Dollars. "Beside a stream that never yet ran dry. There stands a Town, not high advanced in fame; The' few its buildings rais'd to please the eye. Still this proud title it may fairly claim: A tavern (its first requisite! is there, A mill, a blacksmith shop, a place of prayer." — Philip Freeman, a New Jersey poet (1768). BEING at the head of tide-water and the threshhuld tu hirjre regions of a wihl but rich coiuitr.v. Aciiuatkaiuiiik was destined from its settlement to become an important trading post. It ^^ as the port of entry for the oountiT for miles around. Roads converged here from all directions, and the village became the mart of this part of Northern New .lerse.v as well as of Orange and Sullivan counties in New York State. In the fall and spring navigation between here and New Yurk was brisk. The first church in this region was built here, and so was the only school in a large territory. The Sunday-school was perhaps the first in the State. People came here to take passage liy water to New Y'ork and to purcliase the goods of civilization at the stores. The stage coaches stopped here, the mails were received and dispatched, the elections were held here, and the whole countryside gathered here to dance and make merry on holiday occasiuns. Roads were first regularly laid out hereabouts in ITnT. ard they soon extended in all directions. Over them were hauled timber, hoop poles and barrel staves from the up- country woods, iron ore from the mines of Morris County, grain, hay and farm produce from Essex, Sussex and Orange, furs from the woods of Sullivan, and later the manufactured goods of Paterson — all bound for the fast-growing city of New York. The oldest inhabitants of the last generation often spoke of the time when long lines of wagons, luaded with their wares, might be seen daily heading toward Ac(iuar yard. It was at first laid rmt into "water-lots" of l(i^-2 feet wide, ten in nimiber, in all about 1C5 feet. The land sloped gtntly to the river, and, being easy of access, was intended to be used by purchasers from the church for watering places for cattle. Cattle were driven here to drink until the advent of shipiiing. Then a new watering place was selected, south of the present bridge, on the site of Emmons' Hotel and An- derson's lumber yard. This change caused a long and hotly ccntested lawsuit, which will be mentioned later. Ailing the water-front of the old water-lots a dock was built, which was often overfiowed. The approach was filled in level with the dock, for its entire length, for a width of twenty-five feet. Along the road, now Main avenue, was erected a two-story and basement warehouse, at the north end of which was a roadway. Subsequently this approach was closed, and a new driveway was cut through the centre of the building at the entrance of the bridge then spanning the river. It is well to bear in mind that the bridge did not always occupy its present site. The warehouse was 40x150 feet, but could not begin to accommodate all the freight, so that the dock itself was often piled high with inerch.andise. When passenger traffic began, a waiting room was partitioned off at the north end. Boats plied to and from this spot regulai-ly. AN OI.KK.N VOVACK To PASSAIC, The occjisional discomforts of the shoil journey are engag- ingly described in an impersonal narrative written early in this ccntur.v. It is more crowded with adventures than would be thnughi possible. It reads, always in the third person: — "Mrs, S.. with her mother, aunt, two brothers and sister, tiMik passage on a schooner at .\ew York, at the dock near Ciirtlandt street, for Acquackanonk I^anding. The captain bad several other passengers. The captain started at l(l.4.j a. m.. expecting to run up in half a day: but the wind was trcacherons. and he was tliat day and night and the next day and part of the night on the way. having been a half day agriiuiicl in the mud. Meanwhile the whole party got out of pnivisicms. and the last day there was nothing to eat. "Mrs. S.'s sister, about Iwclvi'. and her two brothers, who wner: and as there were no vacant accmnmodations at the landing place, and being told it was only a 'short step' to Paterson. where they were destined, the entire party, hungry, wet and miserable, followed the ro;id up. through the fog and rain, the night being .also very dark. They bail been seven weeks on the ocean, but dill not know wli.il siifl'cring was until they ni.aile their 36 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. iiiluiicl joiiriioy. Tin- lu-xt ■) ■ wiiKon fruiii the Luiidiug." iliiir z 1> «ilc lili>ll;;llt oil a l.(t\<; I.ITICATION (i\ KK iiii; i.ankim;. Tin- litUMtioLi ulliiilitl In iiliiivi- sliiiws bow tin- Imsiiicss nf tliv l^iiiitliii): liiiil Krowii farly in iliis ii-iitury. Scvcriil nf tin- |mt<-ntcos hail ilaiini-4 and 3 Dutcher .".."1. The .iclion was limiight to reiover possession of the wharf. The Van Blarcoms proved that -.ill of the other original grants extended to the river. Anciently a road ran aiross these farms ahiiig the margin of the river. As it ap- proached the northern Imundary nf the Van Wagoner farm it diverged from the river, leaving a narrow siriii of land, upon which the wharf in question was liuilt. In l.^^lL'. owing, as «as staled in evidence, to the fact that the old roail was sonie- liines covered liy freshets, a new road was opened west of the old one and farther from the river. The roads intersected al.ove and lielnw. The plaintifTs claimed that the old road was never vacated. The new road was laid out on land foimerly enclosed li.v the Van HIarcoms. Hesnles the coinnum wharf, the Van Klarioins hail on the river front a watering place for catth- with a lane running to it. a bleaching ground. and later a wharf lonuecl.-d with the farm. Almul isiiii attempts were made l>y .Inhii 1!. I.udlow and Aliraham Acker- man to acquire title to the wharf lot. Itelea.ses were taken Irom various persons of their title to the laiul, snys the otiicial reporter, hut, so far as appears, the grantors had no pretence of title. The defendants, however, relied on adverse pos- session hostile to that of Van Wagoner. They proved that Ackermau liuill the wharf prior to IT',!*;, and used ami rented it until his death in I.S2S. The Van HIarcoms, liowever, asserted that .Vckciiuan liuilt the wharf with \"an Wagoner's consent, ami that Van Wagom-r had the privilege of using it. and was to receive one pound of tea a year as rent. Sulisequenlly. they said, .Vckerman offered to hiiy the dock, hut Van Wagoner refused. The court, in deciding against the defendants, said:— In Di'^-I a large tract, including the Van Wagoner farm, was nuiveyed to a company of Ilollamlers. Kadi farm had a front on the river. Van Wagoner had perinilted .Vckerman and his tenants to erect a wharf on the river, and .Vckerman and his tenants used not only the wharf, luil nearly the whole ri\iT front of the Van WagniuT farm, including I'ost and .Vii- dirson's duck, which 'vas pari of llii farm." I'revioiis to this .Vlirahani Ai-kerinan. relying upon ihe d TUKU; TK1;a.><0.\A1!I.K TllAlii;. , Besides the main landing and the adjacent docks, there were two other public landings. Due was at the foot of Westcrvelt place and the other at the foot of the Notch road, or Van Ilouten avenue. There was also in Gar- Held a dock called Peck Hook Ijandiiig. which was occasionally used by the farmers of Saddle River and I.odi townships. The Westervelt jilace dock extended to Aycrigg avenue. A large storehouse stood ou the line of Westervelt place. It was used for storing freight brought from up country. This was luiiicipally from the mines in Morris and Sussex counties. The carting was done by Cornelius V. ('. and .lohn Ludlow, two brothers, who lived in the house now used as the I'agoda Hotel, 'niey carted iron, ran a line of freight lioats to New- York and did a large general store Imsiness. besides oiierating considerably in real estate. One of their biggest customers for a while, in the war of J812, was the British (Jovernment. which Ihi'ough them ob- laiiied cannon made at IJingwood. above Pompton. They car- ried on this business for quite a while, until the Government learned of it. confiscated their boats and broke up their busi- ness. The large number of mules employed by the Ludlows in their various enterprises actually starved to death, because Ihe owners could not sell them, and were too mean to feed them. This might have been a story invented by the patriotic villagers, who hated the LiuUows for their Toryism, were it not for other anecdotes which have been handed down. The point nf one ilepends on the fact that in those days no licenses were required to dispense Hqiiors, which were ordin;iry cmiimodities. Kvciy general store was also a dramshop, .-uid IJichard Ludlow was the dispenser of tho rum. which was Ihe lavorite drink. Spirits were then sold at three I'euts a glass. It seems that Ludlow- had only one glass for his bibiihius cus- tomers. This was small, and its stein was brnken, so that it would not stand up, and had to be held when being tilled. Liulow was always observed to hold his rather large thumb on the inside of the glass when tilling it from the spigot. When he handed it to his eiLstomer and removed ills tlMimb. the glass would be only two-thirds full. The Ludlows did not liiially prosper. They were sold out by the Sheriff and became poor nun. Cornelius removed to Long Island, where he died, liichard lived here until his death ill ISliO. his wif". Klizabelh, surviving until IS'Jil. The store business of the Ludlows w-as continued on a nmch sinaUer scale by Adolph and Henry \V. Van Winkle, brothers of Kdgar W. Van Winkle, a prominent lawyer in New- York .seventy ye:irs ago. They kept store in the old Ludlow wandiou.se on the dock. Henry was a jolly fellow, full of THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 37 ji-sls iinil slorics. niiil tii> I'oinl nl' pi-Mclirjil .inkcs fur i1h> (.'imxI of his biisiiii'ss. Thi- brotluTs smin roiiiiil llint more ut tlu-ir (■ii>ti>iiu'rs runic fur iiiiuiscmcnt than fiii' Irado. They put up the shntti'is. .iiiil I'assaii- Hfitlj,'i''s cuiiinirriial hisiuiy :iliriipll.v ci a sod. In rally days the Van Uoiilcii avi'ime dock, which iicvoi- luiaiiic piipuhif. was used l.y Anion A. Van Hoiitcn in con- ncitioii with his stipi-c oil iho noiihwcst coiiicr of the River and N'otcli roads. Van lloutci hoii;.'hl his store [n-operty from Cor- neUus Sip. He lived opposite, in the honiestead built by .loliii K. Lnillow. Van llonteii's store made money, his location beilif; a u'ood oiu-. \'.:ii llonten avenue is the road which runs to the Cnai Noich. and was for many years the main artery of tr.'ivi'l from ilio l.aiidini; to the back country. Old residents 111 claro ilial lliey have seen doziMs of teams in line on this road ou the way to tlie I>;iiidiug. ami that before their time the business was much ;;reater. Willi the opeiiiniL; of other and iiKU'e direct roads, howi'ver, the tratlic mvw irradually smaller, until it (vased. and \'a:i Iloutcu retired from luisiucss. About this lime ilic railroad was put in operation. !t tapped the up- country lr:ole iif the I.aiidiuf; at its sources. The teams did not arrive iu such uiiuibrrs. The vessels were not able to compete with the sieam road, and after an attempt of a dozen years were w illidnnvu fr mi the rivi r. 'IMie fault was not so much >\ith river iiavi^'atiou as willi ilie slow and expensive haul over the lonj; hijihways. SOME or Tin: \ ii.i.aci; mkuciiaxts. "Sprung from a race that long had tilled the soil. And first disrobed it of its native trees. He wished to heir iheir lands, but not their toil. And thought the ploughman's life no life of ease." Some of the early storekee|iers at the Lauding were iu- terestiuf.' .-lui!. in some cases, romantic characters. The first of tile line was .l.ilin Low. who came here from Belleville about iT.'ll. pHirhased the iirupi'riy adjoinius the T^anding on the iiorlli mow tile I'.iiili Lumber ('oiiipaiiy's y.irdl. and erected a frame building. .\ small, one-story brick house, more recently known as Kip's store, now stands on the site. The Imw building stood fifteen feet back from Main avenue and fronted on the driveway to the Lauding. It was the only store here for many years, ami did a big business. Alioiii the time Low was reaily lor business the liridge was built, .idjoiniug the store on the north, and giving it a very ailvanlageoiis position. i;i>r.i:iri i>i;r.\i mumi s koman ric iiisTOltY. liobert l>riimmoiid succeeded .lohn Low in the business, and was conducting it on the memorable night of November 21, 177(j. when Washington passed tlirongli tlic place and oc- cupied a house just across the street. I Iruiiinaiiiil was one of tlie most interesting of the lievolu- lioiiary citiz mis of this place, and his life is romantic. He was a grandson of Uobert Druinmoiid. who, iiy reason of per- secution in Scotland iu the reign of .lames 11. came to New York, where he was Sheriff in 171o-14. He afterward resided in Elizabeth. His first wife was the daughter of .lames Evett of St. Botoliih. Rishopsgate, London. She died iu 1712-13, His second wife was Anne, widow of Hich.ud Hall of New- York. Her stepfather was Richard Noel. It ibert the younger was born here, in a house that stood in what is now Speer's Park. Hrummoud was a storekeeper, a shipowner, and mined iron ore in the I'oiupton, Ringwood and other mines. He had an interest of some kind in nearly every inm mine iu New .lersey and in some iu N.'W York and Pennsylvania. When the Revolutionary war broke out he remained loyal to the ("rown and became a decided Tory. He was iustru- iiieul.al in recruiting llie Se< 1 Haltalion of New .Jersey Loyalists, which fought for King (ieorge. and of w hieh he was ma,ior. Saliiiii''s "History of the Loyalists of ihi. Itevo- lution" says:- "Roliert Drnminond. .Major in 2il Battalion of .New .ler.sey Loyalists. Of this Battalion upwards of :;IM> men were his neighbors enlisted under his intlueiice and persuasion. .V large proportion of them fell viitiins to the climate oi South Caro- lina, (ieorgia, etc.. or pciishe.l in battle." New .Tersey Voliiiiti'ers iLoyalistsl, Stryker. sa.\s; - "l''ew men did more to make (ieiieral Skinner's Brigade a nnim*rical success than Rtdierl Druinmond. He spent most of the Kail of 177l'> recruiting for thi' Volunteers, was very suceessfni. and was made Major of tin- Third it.ittalion on No- vember 211. 17711. and in 17.S2 and 17.s:j of tliL- Seioiid Bat- talion. He was ill service during the whole war. A large number of the men enlisted by him fell victims to fever ill the southern campaign. He died in the Chelsea Hospital ilislrict of London and was buried in St. Luke's churchyard February .">. 17.*f -New .Jersey from 1770 to 1774. a deiuity to the Pro- vincial Congress in .\Li.v, 177.". and again in October and iu .Tanuar.v and .June. 177(>. On .July 2, ]77(>, he voted against the adoption of the Constitution of the stale. Tn 177.'' his prop- erty was all confiscated." He owned the properly where lis store stoo. Of these, two died young and are buried in the old churchyard. Mary die the Surrogate of Essex Connt.v appointed Peti'r .\llen guardian of Klias. only son of Robert Druinmond. Another .John Low succeeded Krummond at the store near 111.' Landing. He was the sou of Cornelius Low- of Belleville, ai.d seems to have purchased the Oruinmond property, and conducted the store with jiidtit until 17.'<5. when he sold it to Samuel Seeley of New York. Seelcy experimented with conn- try trade unsuccessfully for five years, and then scdd out to Abraham .Vckerman. who has already bee n .ilhided to as the prince of mercli;inls in this localit.v. ■I'.UO.M' A(Ki:i;.\lA.\ AMI HIS SLCCESS, •"Brom" Ackerman, as he was known, was born on the Polifiy road, in Bergen County, in ]7."')2, in an old house which stood on the east side at the foot of the hill, one hundreil yards east of the present dwelling ot Abraham E. .\ckerman. With little means, but in the prime of life and iH)S.sessed of an in- d.omitable will, he came here, and by ir.diistry and frugality became rich. His wealth was in those days considered enor- mous. Like the early Astors in New Y'ork he saw that there was money in land, and bought right and left. He bought for investment rathi'r th.in speculation, ami died a great land- owner. He lived at first in the nrummond house, in which he had his store, but as soon as he began to prosper bought the sione house which stood near the new Young Men's Christian 38 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. Aiisiic-iatioii Imililiii!.'. It wiis li'? "liu iTertcd a lirick Imililiii^' cm tin- Kitf of rlic old stiirc house. It siill stiiiuls. His bu»iiui*s inori-asiiitr. and tlie looation of tlit- bridge liaviug Iteen iiio»-e(l fiirtlier soiitii. he took iWSKCssioii of the land lyiiiK alone the river, at alKiiit the eiitninee to the present lirid«e. Here lie ereeti-d a dwellinB and Imildint:. in whii-li he coudiietetl another store. For a few years John M. Kyer- son was his |iarlner. and tinally he sol 1 out to him. .\t his death .lohn Kil" [nirehased the tirst naniiil property and store. .Vckernian had as a i->nipetilor Koliert Colfax, who soon moved to Tuniptoa. where he prospered liettir than here. From his family diiioendiMl Sehiiyler t'ldfa.x. Viee-rresideut of the United States under Grant. Aekerman Imllt e.Ktensive doeks to aeeoinmo»late his line f.t hoats riiiiiiini: to New York. At one time or another he owned nearly .ill the land lielween I'assaie and Madison streets, the canal and (Jrove street. l«-sides ilec. 1 " ■/% bush, salt Dee. 24 " ~\ yds. calico ft 4s. 3d. " s yds. black muslin at 6s, 6d. " 4 skeins silk " 2H lb. sugar 1814 Jan. 2 "3 yds. check end of thi> row. at the entrance to the brhlge, he had his store. He ran boats to N( w York. Not content with village proiverty. he iHiiight large farms, which he cultivated. iM-sides dealing in lumber. It was he who erec-led the large stcu.e hcuise known for vears as Hv.tsoii's Hi>lel. siuilh of the ehnrc-li. In this house 7 6 9 1 11 6 3 C 1 11 2 12 V 4 3 12 1 4 1 4 (1 1 6 8 14 3 he livc-d in generous style. The frout. now occupied by Imrse sheds, was laid out as a garden and lawn, which were his pride and the -nvy of the neighborhood. A panic swept away all he had. and he left Passaic a poor man, going to Newark in 1830. where he died. Besides his Passaic possessions, he lost a store and grist mill at Ponipton. A son of Peter .lackson was .Tohn P. Jackson, born here. He became president of the I'nited Kailways of New .Icrsey (the Pennsylvania I and the c-levere.st railroad man in the eountr.v. He began life in his father's store. studiiMl law with Theodore Freylinghuysc-n of Newark (who ran for Vic-e-Presi- dent with Henry Clay); was an Assemblyman from ICssex County and City Clerk of Newark. Among Peter's distinguished grandchildren were F. Wol- cott Jackson, superintendent of the United IJailways of New Jersey: (Jeni»ral Jciseph Jac-ksoii and SiluiylcT B. .Taiksiin. Speaker of the New Jersey Assenilily. Peter .lackson was the Hrst rc'gularly appointed postmaster for Acquackanonk, receiving his c-oininission in 1814. Andrew Parsons purc-hased his property here at sheriff's sale, in 1830, and did business until he sold out. in 1840, to Kic-hard Mcjrrell and .lolin .\. l*i>st. who were succecHled by Post and David I. AndcTson. I'liey soon abandoned store- keeping, and started the Inniber liusiness, s^ill carried on by the Ander.son Lumber Conipauy. The partiu'rs prospered and died rich men. Ric-hard Morrc'll's son, of the same name, founded years afterward Canipbcll. .Morrell it Co.. of wliicb c-orporation he is iiresident. Adolph Van Winkle and J;uiies Brinkcrhoff also bail a store at the bridge. Abraham Zabriskie. who lived on the site of (iarfnlil. kept store on lower Main avenue, had a grist mill on Ihe Saddle Itiver. where the (Jarlield Woolen Company's mill now stands, and ran a line of boats to New Y'ork. He was snccessful until he tried, unaided, to improve the navigation of the rivc^r. The chief ob.stade to free navigation then, ami now, is a reef at Uelawanna, Zabriskie spent forty thousand dollars in trying to remove this, all to no puri)ose. This ruined him. The memory of .Vdriau Van Ilouten is embalmed in an ipleresting story. Van Ilouten kept a store that stood in the certre of Main avenue as at present laid out, at the corner of Prospect street. This vicinity was known as Slarket Sciuare. Van Houten lived in a stone house next to his store. One day a white man bongln some crackers and cheese for lunch, and while (-.■iting displayed enough 50-eent silver pieces to c^vver the counter. He droi>|)ed one. An old woman picked one up. and was told she might keep it. The stranger left and went to Ihe tavern, a short distance below, where he promptly got drunk. After Van Honteu's store was closed, he came to the storekeeper's house and asked for a night's lodgings, for whic-h he offered to pa.v well. It was a c'old and stormy night in midwinter, and he begged so pitcx)tisl.v that he was taken in. Toward morning Van Houten was aroused by loud knock- ing at the door. It provt^l to be the Sheriff of Susse.x County looking for the man that robbed the Newton bank, who was in the honse. He was let in and went to the stranger's room, but found it empty. The- occupani had left hastily. Mcdauclhon S. Wic-kwaiv. schoolmaster of the district, was another storekeeper and lumber dealer, outside of his school heurs. In spite of this combinatiiui of oceupaticuis, he did not prosiier. He is buried in the old churchyard. Cornelius Vree- hiiid was another unsuccessful mi I'jirly stoi-i'ki-'iH'i-s was .lames Sta^K. >il tl'f iiiii^i- of Uiiwc avrimc a;ul I'rijspi'ct stl'ci-t. All iiltl resilient has said thai he has I'leinieiitly seen "C'css," as he was ealleil, selling smifl 1i> the Tieyni weiiehes. who nseil large unaiitities of it upon tlii'ir teelh. ■.vhile some of them ale it. "(.'oss" woiilil pill a pi'iiny mi one seale ami the siiiifT mi the other. ;;ivin): tluiii ihe weivhl of llie liin eoppi r eoin as a pennyworth. Half a eeimiry ai;o I'rospeet street wa^ tiuown as "the 'laek lane." in conirailisiinetion to "the front lane." Main ave- nue. 1 1 was iisiil piineipally liy the f.iniiers. Init was a jiri'al linsine>> s'reci. imi. A seleei si-liool stucil just north of I'arl; plai-e. Saninel \ an Sana liail a I'aliniel maker's shop a liltle helow. while neail>' oppo that it became neccsary to resort here to narm up. It was the duty of the stxton oc the minister's hired man to keep a good fire all day Surday. He started it early in the morning, so as to have the place heated as early as 7 o'clock in the morning, because the service usually com- menced at S or 0. lasting till noon. The luen were not pio- hibited from warming themselves at the Noon-Honse with fluids stronger than tea or coffee. When the church was first heated, the Noon-House became a public tavern. .lust who was the first tavernkeeper is unknown. Alioiit the middle of the last century it is recorded that the Free- holders met at the house of Mr. Blanchard. which is presumed to have been this place. The next landlord we find mention of is Mr. \'an Winkle, who was well known throughout the country. Under him the pla church erected a new parsonage near .Market Square, and subsecinently purchased the house at the northwest corner of I^exington avenue anil .lackson street, now Dr. (i. .1. Van Schott's home. The original parsonage and the tavern were destroyed by fire in 1.S77. much to the regret of all. For years the tavein was kept by one Bant.t. and by his iiiiue was familiarly known. Its favorite title, however, was always "The Tap-House on the Hill." Among the landlords of its palmy latter days were Colonel Winans, whose son was a i-onstable here; Cornelius Iluyler. Samuel and Elijah Britton and Uriah Van Riper. Van Riper had kept the old White Horse tavern, below the hill aiul farther up the main street. He sold out to William L. Audruss at a good round sum, and immediately removed to the Tai)-House, boasting that he would take his old customers with him. In this he was mistaken, however, and his new venture proved disastrous. He was suc- ceeded by his son-in-law, John Hedden. who also failed, and the old tavern was closed forever, after being used for lliat purpose for l.iO years. 42 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. TliiTvafHT the liarr.x>iii was used for relifrioiisi purposes Riucessively by the Millerites and the Methodist. Baptist and Presbyterian eontTCKations. which date their inception from this old liarrooni. Another tavern, almost equally famous, was the White Horse tavern, latterly known as the Eutaw House. This place, which i.s still used as a tavern, though not regularly t) ranted of late, was o|)ened prior to the Revolution. It was the better patronized of the two, and was the re;.'ular stopping pinee for the stage coach. Being near the stores and docks, it was well favored. It is told that the original founder, name not presen-ed, went to the battle of Monmouth with four bottles of aiiplejack in his |K'cket. One of them was so sipiarely struck by a ball that glass and liiiuor were scattered through- out his system, and he died literally full of good spirits. His son took the business, made money, and extended it so as to have the large, low. rambling wooden buililiiig now standing. He caught mu<-h of the river trade, being near the boat land- ing. A Newark man. the ne.xt owner, christened it The Last Century, the present ono then being unknown. It was well ki:own in the coaching trade, for he made a bid for the custom. Siiin it became known siniiily as The Century Hou.se. a name which slill survives. -V little later it became miLmmI up in a LUCAS' MANSION HOUSE. scandal. A pillar of a Presbyterian church was chargerominent or successful, and Koosevelt foreclosed on his mortgage. A tavern which e>isted but for a few years was estab- lished by Thomas Linford on Bloomfield avenue, in what is now known as the Kastell house. It did not pay, and he went Wl'St. .\boul the lime the Erie Uailroad commenced business the raib-.Kiil di-pol stood immediately in front of the Peoples Bank loiilding .111 .Main avenue, between Passaic street and Park pl.ice. Ill this Imilding Corneli.is Huyler opened a saloon ai.d luiuh room, but busiaess was poor, and he became ticket agent. The station was at one time known as Huyler's be- cause of this. There were no other taverns until mole recent days, when I hey became nunu'ro'is enough. It is astonishing to tii;d in reading old records and docii- iiieiits what large (luantities of li(iiior were used, and upon all occasions, too, eve.i religious. Some will be more particularly r'lentioned hereafter. Froui an jld book of tavern ac counts kept early iu the las' century in this State we find that cider .sold for a shilling a pint, beer for six cents a mug and a gill of sjiirits for three cents. On Marili 2!). 1781. the follo.ving rates were established by the Conn of t^uarter Sessions for regulating taveruUeeper.s' charges: — A dinner extraordinary Coinnion do Breakfast Supper extraordinary Common 4. A stage line between AcqiUK'kaiioiik and .Newark continued its trills for several years after the railroail was opened. The old stage coaches hereabouts were ordinary box wagons without springs. In fair weather they were uncovered, nud for storms a teuiiiorary top was made of tanvas, supported by hoop pedes. The dropping of a linchpin and the breaking of a woollen axle were freiiueut occurrences. A mud bath was something to be expected. The roads at the best were dusty and rough, full of holes and deep ruts, while in the spring tlii-y were so dee|) with mud as to be all but im- passable. The men travelers were expected to walk and help the team through the hard places, while the women sat as still as the jolting would permit. The following is a copy of an old stage notice: — ■'.Newark and Paterson Stage new -Vrrangements '.\ ciiacli will hereafter leave Paterson Landing every da,\ .11 half iiast .S o'clock or as soon as the stage and cars arrive friiii Paterson. Fare •i~l/i cents. ",Toliii Fine, Prop." This stage ran between R.verson's hotel and Newark. It was contemporaneous with another line of stages run to New Virk. and was iiiaiiaged b.v Patrick Coughlin. THE RYEHSDN HOTEL. CHAPTER X. ROADS AND BRIDGES. The Highway Known as Main Avenue, Prospect Street and Lexington Avenue, the First Regularly Sur- veyed Road— The First Bridge and the Bridge That Took Eleven Years to Build. PI!i;\'l«trs to 170" there wi'tv no regularly laid out roads ill tills vieiiiily, tlieii the northern end of E^sex Connty. There vus a road to Newark, hut it was merely an ainiilitiiHl Indian path, rarely used by a vehiele. The white man needed roads, and the road now variously known as Itiver Drive, lower Main avenue, Prospcet street, Lexington avenue, Dundee Drive and Weasel road, was laid out to con- nect Aequaekanonk with Newark. I'atcrson and rompton. The manner of its laying out is rei-orded in the return of the St rveyors of Highways tiled in the Essex County Clerk's olHee. From "I'rovince of East .lersiy: — Book A of Koad Records." I'age 11. in Pissex County Clerk's Otlice. "Highways laid out hy the lonimissioners in .Ni-wark 1 17071 "Iteginiiiiig at the iioith eml of Newark and running to Uiickiiiiackanong as the path now runs, thence, along by the north end of IIocki|iiackanong Meeting House near .Mannasses land to the southwest corner of .lohn Markelson's,* thence np to the .-ear of Jacob and .Tohn Mackelscns land on the north side of Maf the ilplier works of saiil briilgi' bi' a aiiiel K. Paxtou "Edo Van Winkle "John Ball and "Stephen Tiihenor" 'i~li:s jiapcr was tiled ^Liy V2. 1*^1L'. .iiid reroidcd .\l.iy 21. 1812. The closing of the road liecame one of the points at issue in. the litigation over the Landing, and is referred to in the oflicial report in 1855. Kip vs. Van Blarcom I\" Zab.. 854, as follows:— "The Van Wagoner farm was situate on tlie west bank of the Passaic river, and. along the margin of the river in front of the farm, there was a public road, which h.id been there as far back as memory or tradition could trace it and over one hundred and fifty years. The \'an Wagoner farm had always been seperated from this road b.v a fence along the west side of the road. "No acts 111' ownership, east of this rond. except using a watering filace and landing place on the river bank opposite hi comnioii with the other inhabitants of the vicinit.v. where shown. In 181-1 I'.'i that part of this public road which ran along the river south of the Van Wagoner farm, was vacated and a new road laid out in place of it at the distance of ji few rods from tic river running across the Van Wagoner farm. P.ilt so iinicli of the .■incieiit road, along the waters edge as was ill front of the Van Wagoner farm, was not vacated, and was permitted to remain o|ien to the public until within a few years." We do not find any proceedings vacating that part of the old river road which runs from the present County Bridge siiiilh to the road vacated in 1S12. as set forth above. It w.'is closed, however, by Morrell and Post when tlie.v opened a lumber yard on jinrt of it. The iiortioii of the old road of 17ii7 lying suiith of the lOrie Itailroad bridge was relaid In 18ii3 as it now exists. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 45 On Mny Jf,, IS.'.'.I. llial pari of tlic ri>;iil lyiii;; liclwccii llu- i-;iilri>ail mi llic sumlicnsl anil (Jrovo street mi tlic luirthwest was cliaiiKfd slifililly. 'riic railroail was l)uill about 1840 and the old stone afeli was ronstnieted over the road, whieh went under the railroiid at rit;ht aiiKlcx- The road was stralKhteiu^l in lSr>!> from the arch to Lafayette aveniu', but as the areh eould not be swuuK arovind to suit the new loeatiou of thi' road, two turns were always iiwessary in entering and li-av- in>r the arch. The areh itself was pieturesciue and well eou- struete tlie Ki-ii> was indicti^d by the Passaic County Grand .hirv tor maintaining a public unis.mce, but the State could not prove that the arch had not been i)roperly placed on the lines of the highway as it existed when the arch was built. The iu- dittmeiit was riuashcd. Finally, The Daily News look up the matter, and in IS'.l.'i the Krie agreed to erect a new steel bridge the full width nf the road, the city and county each agreeing to pay one-third of the cost, which was estimated at .$12,000. The project lagged for a long tinie. but in the summer of 1890 work was commeueod. A fact not generally known is that (Jeneral Phil Kearney, the cavalry leader of the Civil War. was roared iu a house st.inding on the River road, between the County Bridge and the arch. He learned his a. Ii. c"s in the old school which was torn down in ISTo. This being the oldest ru.id in the city, it has naturally been knowa by various nami's. From Gregory avenue south to the city limits it was dubbed the Kiver road. The Council in 1888 passed an ordinance changing the name to River Drive. i'"rom Gregory avenue to Market Square (corner of I'rospect street and Main avenue), it was called the Main road, and later Main avenue. The course of the old 1707 road is then continued as far as the Jefferson street crossing of the Erie by I'rospect street. It used to be called "the Back road." The fact that Lexington avenue was a continuation of Prospect street was visible until the changes made by the Erie in 18!»8, when the Lexington avenue crossing was abolished. The road ran on up to Clifton aiul Paterson. It was called the Weasel road until recent years, when the name of Lexing- ton avenue was applied to it as far up as Harrison street, beyond which it was known as Dundee Drive, By the ordi- nance of JIarch 3, 1888. the Dundee Drive portion was chris- tened Lexington avenue. The older names of Dundee Drive and Weasel road still cling to the road in Acquackanouk town- ship. The urigiiial Indian nail followed its cotirse for the most part, skirting the bank at the water's edge from Newark to tlie corner of South and Fifth streets, where it turned due north until it again rc.irluil the river bank, which it followed to Paterson and beyond. The next earliest laid roads in this vicinity, although not in the limits of the city, were materia! to old Acquackanouk. 'Ihey were two roads in Berg.'U County, which converged at an old dock, still standing, on the Bergen County shore, op- I osite the Anderson Limber Comiiaiiy"s otlice. One ran south- erly through Carlton Hill, and was laid out November 9, 1717, and the other through Lodi to Hackensacl., being laid Novem- ber 20, 1717. In 1840 part of the last mentioned road was vacated, and there was laid that part which extends from the present County Bridge to Wallingloii Town Hall. The Notch luail. . this Indian path w.-is vacated, and on October 10, lSii3, all of the road from the present terminus of I'ark place was vacated. On the same day Passaic street was laid out as it now exists from Main avenue to First street. From First street, easterly to the river, the street was laid out by the Dundee Manufacturing company according to its map. I'revious to the laying out of Passaic street there existed a lane, on about the same line, between State street and the canal, which bore the name of Pleasant Valley. A consider- able portion of that part of River street which was vacated ran close to the river, and in times of heavy rains or floods was overflowed, making it impassable. At such times travel was over the less used road to a ford over the Weasel brook. It would certainl.v merit its name in flood-time. The road at the entrance to the ("oiinty Bridge was laid out May 11, 1835, while I'each Orchard road dates back to March 10, 1845. The centre of Monroe street, from I-e.xington avenue to First street, is the old boundary line of the Point Patent. There was a path running down it, which, when a grist mill was erected at Vreeland's I'ond, was widened into a road thirty-three fett wide. On January 5, 18.54, this road was vacated, and Madison street was laid out in its stead from Lex- ington avenue to the ccnlie nf Culiimbia avenue. Later Monroe street was reopened. Main avenue, from .Market Sc|iiare, corner of I'rospect street, north to the city iiinits, was the old Paterson and Hamburgh turnpike, the company owning which was incor- porated by the Legislature iu 18tit!. In the act the nearby portion of it is described as "Beginning at or near the bridge at Acquackanouk. and running in a.-; straight a direction as the nature of the ground will permit, to and through the town of Paterson." The road, although immediately surveyed and laid out, was not actually made until 1809. A fact worthy of note is that originally it ran in a perfectly straight line from Market Scjuare to the city limits, but by unauthorized encroachments the lines have boon changed, until they are anything but straight. It is. however, within the power of the city to restore the original lines, for under decisions of our courts it is held that not any number of years of i)Ossession will give a person title iu any road or street, but that a road on its original lines remains a public road until vacated in the manner required by law. In 181.5 a law was passed ii:corporating a company to ex- tend the I'aterson and Hamburgh turnpike to the Hudson River from the east end of .\<(iuackauouk Bridge, in Bergen County, to the Hackeusack River, and provided for a meeting of the stockholders at Paterson Landing upon four weeks' I'otice in the Paterson Bee. This was the Paterson Plank Bi UJ > THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 47 niMd, V liiili iiMiiu' i-:iiMc til be :i|iplii'il tn tlif entire I'uinl helwi'eii I'jitersiiii Mini Hiilidkeii, iiirhiclin;; the I'ntefsijii niiil lliiliilnii-j,'li tiiiiipiUe. n BRIDGES. 'I'll'' lir^i liriilL'e :il AeiiiiiiiliMiiiPi.U en.s-ieil the fiver nlmut :iri() feet ipirth i>r the pfeseiit Ciiiiiit.v Hriil^e. ;it the fnot i)f (ireKory .•iveiiin'. Its eiMi'^iue nil this siile nf tile river xv.-is ilirei'tly eppipslte the elil Tap Iluiise mi the Hill. Treviims to its erection there was a ferry further duwii the river, about on a liiu? with I'aiilisou avenue. The Uiver road llieii skirled the river liank. passinj; close to the ferry. This brid^'c was built pievi.>iis In 1711. Tnjer a general law • ■.■iceriiin^' bridges one half of its cost must have been met bv the inhabilant.s of the precinct of Aciiiiackanonk and the .>tl.er half by the county. This seemed an injustice to them, and I hey sought to have the expense of bridge-buihliug more generally distributi'd. Thi'y succeeded in having the fidlnwing act passetl for their relief in 1741: — ".\n act for building and lelmilding and repairing Bridges in the Co. ot Essex. "Whereas the I'recinct or District nt Aci|i;aekanonk in the • 'o. of Essex Is for a eousideralile spa<-i> In length bounded on the river I'assaic which dividi's the said Co. of Essex from Morris & Bergen Cos. over which river I'issaiek several very large bridges are already built and more bridges over the same river may hereafter be thought lu'cessary to lie liuilt. Ihi' one half of the expense and charge whereof the inhabitants of the said Precinct or District of Aeiiuackanonk are by the general laws of this I'rovince liable to (whose situation being \ery particular) the trxes lui the said Inhabitants to the Pur- poses aforesaid are thereby much greater than those to which the inhabitants of the other townships in the said County of Esse.x are subjected for whose ei|ual use. convenience and ad- vantage the said bridgi's are and may be built and maintained. "Whereby the inhabitants of saiil Precinct of Acquacka- tiiink have prayed for ridief." The act goes on to prnvide llial one half nf the expense of all bridges built over said ri\er shall be paid by the County of Essex, and not alone by .Vcipiaekanonk. Tradition says that the original bridge was for foot pas- singers only. It was a crude. ]ioiitoon llridg^ and was used iietil a better bridge was built. The subject seems to have been an important one, for on .Tune 2S, ITtiti, the Legislature passed an act entitled: — "An act to emjiower the .lustiies and Freeholders of the ciiuuties of Essex md Bergen to build a bridge over Passaic river near the Dutch church at .Vcquackanmik." There seems to be no existing record of what the bridge ciisl. the proceedings of the Essex County Board of .lustices and Freeholders not being extant. By the minutes of the Bi rgen County Board of May 11. ITliS. we learn that "It is ordered that the sum nf six pninids .ind eight pence be iiaid to Captain Wallen \"aii Winkle for iron work done to the bridge across the Passaic river." and that on May 10. 177.">. it was "(Irdered, that the cniiiily i nllniini- ]My uiitn Nicaiise Terliiiiie till sum of nine shillings .iiid six pi nee for wnrk done by him nil the Achtiachenarli* I'.iiilge. .\t a meeting of tin- Hn.iid. held .May l.'i. 177li. as if to make it ready fnr the army In cross, it was "Ordered, that .lohn Uichards. in conjunction with Michael Vneland fur the i-nunty of Essex, cjinse and order the bridge at Achuachenunk** be repaired in a thorough manner: and the said .John Rich- a:i!s' order on the county collector for half of the whole ex- pense for rep.-iiriiig the said bridge shall be paid by the said enmity collector." Little did the Board know tor what good purposes they had the bridge repaired. The bridge was partially destroyed by American soldiers and |iatriotic neighbors, under the leader- ship nf .Inliii 11. I'list of .\i'i|iiai kanonk. to prexeMi the ilritish Horn crossing it in pursuit of Washington and his army, who had just crossed it. Tlii.s was on November 21, 1770. It was subseiineiitly reiiaired, and continued in use until destroyed by ice about 17S1-'.S2. This led to the passage of a special act, which provided that a new bridge should be built on the site of the old ferry. "An ai-t to empower the .lustices ami Freeholders of the ( imnties of Bergen and Essex to erect a Bridge over the Kiver Passaick, near the church at Ac(|iiaekannnck. "I'assed .lime l.S, 1782. "Whereas, sninlry inhabitants of the Counties of Es,sex and Bergen have, by their petition presented to thi- Ix'gisla- tiire. prayed that a law may be passed to empower the Jus- tices and Freeholders of the said counties to erect a'** Bridge on Kiver Passaick, from the plac(. where the highway leading from .New Barbadoes li. e. Ilackeiisack) in the county of Ber- gen strikes the said Hiver. In the fast land m the county of Essex. "Seel ion 1. Be it therefore eiiacteil b.v the Conm-il and (Mineral .Vsse'nbly of this state, and it is hereby enacted by thi authority of the same, "That it shall and may be lawful for the .lustices and Freeholders of the said loiinlies of E.ssex and Bergen, to en (t and build a draw bridge over the Uiver Passaick directly at the place where the highway leading from New Barbadoes in the county of Bergen strikes the said river and a little to the sniithward of the dwelling house of the widow .lannetje Van Winkle, and so across said river in the shortest and most (onveiiient manner to the fast land in the county of Essex." AN ELEVEN VEAK FICIIT ()\E1; THE BHIDC.E. It seemed to be the general opinion that the site of the Revolutionary bridge was a poor one, and that no bridge there could withstand great freshets. The river at that place and time was narrower than now. .Tust above is a bend in the si ream wliiili I'nrniiil an eddy. It was urged thai the bridge be iilaced further down-streani at the lilace designated in the act. But the local interests desired the bridge rebuilt on its old site, at the Landing. The result was a cnntrnversy that lasted nearly eleven .M'ais. .'iiiil resiiliril ill the new bridge being erected at the Landing. The m itter was agitated to a great extent, and nijuiy meetings were held by the .lustices and Freeholders. seme at Walling Van Winkle's house and some at the old Tap Hi. use. .\t one of the meetings the question was raised as to whether the Boards had iiower under the act to erect a bridge at any other spit but the one prescribed. .\fter a long and solemn deliberation the Boards concluiled that the act meant just what it said, but they adjourneil wilh- niit doing anything toward building the bridge. Meantime the merchants of Acquackanonk I.,anding were stirring themselves to kec]) the bridge in their neighborhood. .Tolin Low the second, Ciiriii lilts Vreeland .nid .Inlin M. Ryerson had large stores at the Landing, while twn tavenis stood ready to welcome the traveler. Besides tli 'se were seattereil along lower Main ave- nue wheidwright. blacksmith and hooi>-pole splitting shops, storehouses and stabiles. The proprietors of all of these insti- tutions were convinced that the proper location for the bridge was at thn I. .Hiding. Finally, after four months' wrangling, they carried their point, and the Bergen Board resolved to build the bridge imi at llie place designated in the act. but further up the river. This is shown b.v the proceedings of the Bergen Board at a UKetiiig held at t!ie house of the Widow \.\t\ Winkle. April S. 17S3. It is recorded that "the Board considered the petition from sundry of the inhabitants to rebuild the old bridge and also a subscription list of the inhabitants by which said in- habitants agree to find sundry materials and furnish services toward rebuilding the bridge." The Board agreed to have the bridge rebuilt "as it fnrinerly was," and appointed Arent ■of this gem of orthograiihy. This spelling stands out unique and un- • It is to be regretted that we cannot give the name of the author i paralleled from among a score of other forms. •• Evidently a ba.se imitntiou of the preceding form. . ,. , , , ,. , , , , », • •"(Endorsement) There was a draw brid ge formerly near the place where this bridge is directed to be erected, which was destroyed by the ice. 48 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. (•.H,|Mr I Ill- ru.iii.it. 1 ..i... i-. i-iuiili>.v iiKMi liy llu- m- Mr. Blanchard now lives where thi8 bourrl judges there can stand a bridge with less danger of ii-e and freshets than Avhere part of it row stands." The drawbridge means the place provide*] by the net. Blauchard's house was at the I..anding. so that the arguments of the op- position were reversed. Mr. Bl.indiard being the tavern-keeper, it will be se^-u that the liiimir interests were not the least of those that wished the bridgi- kept at the Landing. At the meeting of May 10. ITS."), the board resolved that no repairs should be done to the old drawbridge, and were of the opinion that no bridge could be kept there, but they were willing to liear their (iiual proportion with Essex County to build one over the I'assaic. opposite Mr. Blanchanrs. On a vole taken al a met'ting, December .">. IT'.fJ, a niiition III build a new bridge was lust. .\t a niei-ting of the boards of Bergen i'ud Esse.\ counties held "at the place where formerly a bridge sIimhI on Passaic Itiver, the members present after having e.\aniined the law and viewing the Com- iiiissioners isie!) for a new bridge at and above the place where the old one stood," adjiniriieil witlunt acting, it appear- ing that "two Freeholders of the Bergen Board were absent and were not h-gally summoned." Nothing .seems to have been done until May 14. ITil.'J. when n joint meeting was held at the house of Cornelius Stagg, who was a successor of Blanchard at tavern-keeping. The record says that: — "The vote l>eing then taken on a bridge or no bridge there apiM'ared to be a majority of the Freeholders of ea<'h of the .said Connlies for a bridge thereupon it was ordered that a new bridge 1h- built and i-rected over the said Passaic river op|Hisite the house now occupieil by Cornelius Stagg at or as near as niny l>e on either of the sides where the first bridge stood." It was also ordert-d that "Ihe said bridge be built with wooden bints and stone boxes: the plank to be Di ft. long which is to be the width of the bridge." A committee was also appointed to su|iervi. when a new bridge was built by virtue of i spe<-ial act passed by the Legislature that year. The act of 18:{."> empowered the Freeholders of the two counties "to build a bridge over the Passaic river at .Vi- quaekancmk at any place between the present bridge and a iiuim opi)osite the road that leads from Hackensack to Aequacka- uonk, where it strikes the river, a short distance south of the dwelling house of Michael Van Winkle, with a draw therein at least twenly-eight feet wide, and to be fixed in that part of said briilge, where the vessels and boats may pass through with the greatest convenience." This bridge was replaced in lM!.j with a new one, known as the White Bridge, and that gave wa.v about 1800 to the present structure, generally called the County Bridge. ONE Bi;ii)(;i-: that w.vs nkvei: biilt. In anticipation of the vacating of River street and the laying out of Passaic street as it now exists, a toll bridge was projected on the site of the present Garfield Bridge, but was never built. Robert Rennie. a prosiierons Lodi mill- owner; Daniel Romaine. .Tohn Banla. .\ndrew C. Cadmus and Christian C. Zabri.-skie of Bergen County, and William L. An- ilruss. .John .1. K. Vreeland and Benjamin N. Cleveland of Passaic County, on March S, lS.jt), secured the passage by the Ix-gislature of "an act to incori>orate the Passaic Bridge Co." It has many features so curious as to be well worth for each ofrciico. This hriilse was to cross tho rivt-r near tlic foot of tlir pri'si'iit Wall stroi't ami have its landing on Zahriskii'"s dock, but nothing was ever done, aside from havlnu the act passed. The net became void unless the necessary nnnihcr of shares were siibscribeil for in three years. -Vbont lS> two Bi'ards of Freeholders erei-teil an iron bridge on the site of the present strncture. On the inorniim of Monday. Septemlicr 11, 1S71. one of the three spans of this liridfie fell into tin- river while a team lieloiieinK to Robert Iteiinie was passing: over it. The ilriver was lost. The span whiih fell was the one nearest the Herci-ii shi)re. This bridge had been built on the Mosley patent, anil the Mosley Company agreed to replace the span for .$l,3fK), which was considered too nmch for repairs. The Kreeholders finally erecte5*=:^^!? CHAPTER XL ACQUACKANONK IN THE REVOLUTION. Robert Drummond's Stand for Toryism-Recruits to the Patriot Army— Washington's Retreat From the Hudson to the Delaware— A Pause to Prove That His Route Led Through Acquackanonk. TllK coiiilitiim of affairs iit tin- uiitlirciik of tlio Kevohi- tioiiiiry War was aii.vtiiiiiji; luit anspUioiis to the busy iiilialiitaiils of the Lniiiliiif;. For many years tlic plaee IukI I'lijoytil i>r'>s|)crity. liiit for a year ur two iircvioiis to ae- liial liostililii-s biisiui-ss had bwu on the wane. The uiis«'ttlerers enca^eil in the river ami up-eountry business drifted into the strn^inle on one side or the other. We have many evidences of this. They were as much, if not more, inclinesitioii toward the patriot cause has been severely criticised. As a rule, while not openly Loyalists or Tories, llicy were indifferent to the success of the American cause, and showed little sympathy for it. With the exception of some of the adventurous ymuK men who served with the patriot armies, they did not seem to care which side won. By reiider- im: no aid to the Britisli they saved their estates frcmi beinn contiscaled. which was the punishment of uuiuy Bertren Count}' Torii>s at the cU>se of the war. On the other hand, they shoiveil little favor to their Aiiierin lea\e of nb- M-nce to help and che<-r the loiliiiK wonu-n. .\h the war progressed, the steady depn-ciatioii of the Con- tinental currency added to the ^rem-nil embarra.ssnnMit. The dillii iilty of coliducling war without resources ai;aiiisl h wealthy ami powerful enemy <-omiH-lleil CouKri-ss to IIinmI the i-ounlry «ilh paper inom-y. The is.snes in live years, from 177."i to ITS", reaclii-d the immi-nse at;):reKate ..f ?'_Ml.."il>ll.(1(KI. Com- pared with ;he relatively small populalii>ii. this is stu|iendons. The result was that in .March, ITSl, it had depreciated, until $111(1 in k'old was worth $T.ri(Nl in Continontal unmey. In the <(inrse of the rapid depreciation which followed, it was possible to hear one huudred dollars of it asked for a yard of silk, and common to see a chilld give a dollar for a few cakes. Finally, three hundred doll.irs of Continental notes were exchaniied for one dollar in silver. There was at least one uu'rchant in I'as- saic who ;;ot rich by it, however, using it to buy real estate at l)anic prices, giving in abundance that which was well nis;h v.orthless. the seller hoping for au appreciation of the cur- rency, which never came. HIM MMdXKS STAND FOU TORYISM. From the lime of the closing of the port of Boston, in the spring of 1774. New .ler.sey was in a state of unrest, if not of uproar, over the aggressions of the (!'rown. I'ublic reconls of that period are few and meagre, and nothing is known of local affairs. In Bergen County. Imwever, there was a long piriod of passing of resolnticns at town and ii'uiity meetings ami the appointment of coniniitte.s of safety v.uA i-orre.spim- dence. On June 2.''>. 1774. resolutions were adopted, at a nu'et- iiig at Ilackensack. dedariiig it the greatest happiness of the It'ople to live under the government of the illustriius House of Hanover, but resisting the right of Parlianient to impose in ternnl taxes on the Colonies. Delegates were appointed to elect representatives for the province to the Continental Con- gre.-:s. and the resolutions wer3 signed by 328 citizens of Ber- gen. Someihin'j of the same sort w.is occurring oic liiis siile of the river, but unfortunately the records of what is now Passaic, and was vh 'u p;'rt of Essex County, have not been preserv.'d. It is re<-orded that in 177.i a meeting was held :il Acquackanonk to take measures with Newark ami other towns to resist British aggression, but there were leading men who di.sci>uraged any such movement. The head of the op- positicm was uniloiditi-dly Kobert Drummoml. tlo' iirincipal storekeepiT at the Landing, who use\ or eanse to lie luiilt. four ;;ond'ilas or row-(;al!eys, mounted with cannon, to ply between lie in^nitlis of the I'nssaie and Haekensaek rivers and I'erth Anilioy. They were desiKned to protect Newark aj;ainst Lord Howe's forces. A committee was aiipointed to consider the propriety of urintio); the petition, and Koliert I>rumniond was the tirst man named. The other memliers were Lewis Ogden of Essex. Jacob Quaikenbush and Daniel I. Hrown of llersen and I>r. Moses BloIiildlese.\. The matter was referred to the ContiiuMital Congress, but before it was attcd upon its futility was apparent. Like many other war measures propounded by amateurs, it jrrew out nf tin- fears of its sponsors rather than out of sound reflection. Liml Howe's lleet consisted <>( Kid men-of-war and lran«]p(irls. .ind f.mr "row-salleys" would have been soon captured. When active hostilities eouiiuenced, I>rumnnjnd i:ist in his lot with the Kin?:, and recruited the Second Hattalion of New Jersey Loyalists, of which he was nade major cm November 2(1. 177t). Till re .ire said to have been 200 of his friends and neijxli- hors in the battalion, but this is tlumjiht by some to be an exacgeratian. Most of his battalion fell by disease or battle in the Southern States. Drummond died in Chelsea, Enitrlaud, ir. 1789. The British Government gave him a farm in Nova Scotia and a pension after the war. he beinj; reeojniized as one of the most (-aruest and powerful British sympathizers in the State. His brother, David, who was a brave soldier in the American army, was rewarded with a grant of land in New York State. This is only one instance of the sundering of family ties by the war. Robert Drummond's proiierty was confiscated by the State after the war. It included a farm of 63 acres in Franklin township. Bergen County, which was sold on July Iti, 1784. to Peter Ward for f7t)."> lawful money of New .Jersey. There were also his store and business at the Landing, his iron mines at Ilingwood and elsewhere, and his frims all over Essex County, spoken of in the account of his life in Chapter VIII. Drumnimul suffered in his ill-chosen cause. WAS ACQl'ACKANONK A TOKY HOTBED? It was a favorite assertion of the late .ludge Henry P. Sim- mons that Aoquackanonk Landing and neighborhood was a hftbed of Toryism. It is true the farmers were indifferent to the patriot couse, and that Drummond influenced many against it. but there was plenty of sturdy patriotism in the neighborhood. In the rostT of New Jersey soldiers on the American side are found the names of many from Acquacka- nouk. Among them are those of Daniel. Dirk. Henilrick. John. Peter. Samuel and Weirt Banta. Ilenrj- Berdan, Abraham, Auron, Adrian, Cornelius, Henry, ,Iames, John, John C John IL. .lohn J.. Mersehis. Ralph .nid Thomas Post, .\nthony. Henry and Martin Van Blarcom. (Jarret and Philip Van Bus- sum, Hendrick. .lacob, John, Paul, Ralph and Roelif Van Houten, Caleb, Cornelius, Garret, John and Thomas Van Riper, Ellas, Henry, Luke, Peter, Sinieth. On that day he rode to Haekensaek. but was summoned back by (Jeneral (Jreene on the re.-eipt of tidings that Fort Washington was ill danger of capture. The next da.v the fort, which was one of the strongholds of New York, was surrendered by Colonel Magaw with 2.818 men. 43 guns and a large quantity of military stores. The Americans lost 147 men and infiicted .1 lo.;s of 4.')8 nu'ii >n the British in the three hours' spirited tigliting before the fort was laken. Its loss was diU' to the first traitor in the Revcdutionary army. William Demont. an adju- tant of the commandant, who a week before the assault de- serted. He carried with him into the British camp to Lord Percy, the British commander, the plans of Fort Washington and full information as to its works and garrison. 52 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. Many who liavi' rt-ad t>f Moll I'ltilii-rs l.iavi-iy at tbe hallli' of rrinwtori may l>f surprised to know that Moll is prol.ably a myth. Then- was a Moll Titiher. though, in the Hi,'ht at Fort Washington. H'.-r real name was Margaret Corhin. Her hnsbund was a eaptain of a gnn in a Imtlery which was often mil fiercely cherged liy the Hessians before the position was carried. His wife was watching the fight, and when he fell dead, -ctruck l>y a ball, she stepi>ed into his place and worke.l the gun until grape shot pierced her shoulder. She was sent to fSeueral CJreeue under a flag of tnu-e. and, thougli terribly wounded, she recovered. She was crippleil for life, how- ever, and by an act of Congress of .Tuly tj. 177'J, was allowed a soldier's half-pay and the value of a suit of clothes annually. The Council of Pennsylvania, which urged her claim on Con- gress, had ain-ldy given her #:i. rui the i ight of November V.>. 1771!. Washington was at Hackensack when the news came, but soon arrived at I'orl Lee. where he learned that Greene w:is advanc- ing to ini I't Cornwallis. \\'ashin!:lon saw that his situation was loo precarious for him to risk a battle. The enemy in superior fi rce was in front, and . because your prudence and fidelity to tin- i-anse will not snITer you to reveal it to the pulilii-: an instance of niagnaniniity superior, perhaps, to any that can be shown in battle" irefen-ing to Washington"s forgiveness of Le<'). "But depenil upon it. my dear sir. the im|iartial world will do you aniple justice bi'fore long. AL'iy Ood support you under the fatigue both of biMly anil mind, to which you must be con- stantly exposed." Washingtoirs juilgnient. in ordering the retreat, is ably rlifended by Thomas Paine in "The .\merican Crisis." He snys:— "Our situation at I'orl I was exieedingly crampi'i). thi' place being on a narrow neck of land. Our force was incon- siderable, being not one-fourth as great as Howe could bring against us. We had r.o army at lian-l to have relieved the garrison hail we shut onr-elves up and stood on the ilefence. Our amnmnition. light artillery and the best part of our sti>res hail bi'<'M removed on the apprehensiim that Howe would en- deavor to penetrate the .lerseys. in which ease Fort Lee loiilil b" of no u.se to us. for it must occur to every thinking man whether In the army or not. that these kinds of temporary field forts are only for temporar>' imrposes. and last in use no longer than the enemy directs his force against the particular object which forts are raised to ilefeinl. • • • We brought off as much baggage as the wag uis could i-oiitain: tlie rest was lost. The simple objeet was to bring off the garrison and to inarch them on until they i-ould be streiigtlieni'il by the I'eiinsylvania or .lersey militia, so as to be enabled to make a stand. \\'e stayed four days at Newark, i-ollerted In our ont|Mists. with some of the .Jersey militia, ami marched out twiiv to meet the enemy. on information of their being advancing, tliough our miiiibeis were greatly inferior to theirs." The retreat from the Hudson to the Delaware has no lack of defenders. Irvlng's "Life of Wa.shiugtou " speaking of the ne- cessity of swift movement, says: — "Nothing would save him but a primipt retreat to secure the bridge over the Hackensack. No time was to be lost. The tioops sent out to check the enemy were recalled. The retreat <-ominenced ill all haste. There was a want of horses and wagons: a great iiuantity of baggage, stores and provisions, thi-refore. >vas abandoned. So was all the artillery, excepting two twelve-pounders. Even the ter.ts were left standing and camp ki'tth's im the fire. With all their spee. upon which it was |>rominent by rea.son of its bridge and the inanv roads converging here. He conceived the idea that the British might intercept his retreat by taking the place, for in .i lett.-r to Major-General Greene, who was at Fort Ia'i; daliil November 8. 17711. he says; ■The liest ac- ci lints obtained from the eiiein.v assure us • * * tlie.v must design a penetrati in into New .lersey. * * * You will, there- lore, immediately have all the stores removed." etc. In (■reein''s reply, on the same date, Washington's apprehensions as to this iioint were definitely expressed. Greene says: "I shall follow your Excellency's advice. * * * I shall order Gineral Stephen on as far as .\c(iiiackanonk at least. That is an important pass. I am fortifying it as fast as possible." Stephen arrived here on November 10. and proceeded to strengthen the place, jiartly in accordance with a plan of Washingtoa's. expres.sed ."n a letter to Governor Livingston at the time. He planted cannon on the hill In front of the Tap House to .-over the bridge, and other pieces in the win- dows of the lower story, so as to sweep the opposite bank. The walls of the lower story were two feet thick, so that the 54 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. tuvern was woll titteil to ri'sist luuskciry liri-. Tin- sti.ii-s ami luttli- rt'Uiovcil from Fort Lee iu aiitii-iiiatiuii of Howe's ad- viiiic-e were stationed souie distance liaek of this, on tile [Kir- tion of the hill now bouudi-d by Hich and Prospei-t streets and I'aulisou and Penninirton avenues. A rampart and trench were thr-)wn H|> in anticiinition of au approacli by the enemy from the bridge. It ran from I'aulisou to Gregory avenue, a little sDUtheast of High street. As soon as General Stephen heard of the evacuation of Kort Ia* he moved his stores across the tields until he 'truck the Ni>tch road (Van Houten ave- nue), about where Bloonilield aveu'ie now crosses it. and sent them forward to Morristown. He himself remained with his regiment to fuard the bridge until the arrival of the main army. I'KlMil" TIl.VT WASlllNC li)N DIH CUdSS IIKUK. It is appr.>|iriate at this point to break the contiuiiily of the narrative to notio- the i-xplcnled idea that Washington never passed through Ac(|uaikanonk. If history were silent as to the exact jMiint at which he crosstnl the river, it is obvious that, chmel.v pressed as he was. lie would select the shortest route from llackensack to .Newark, and come through Ac- <|uackanonk. instead of, as is claimed by some, niakini,' a detour and cr'wsinc the river above the Great Falls. All historians uirrw that he went from Hackensack to Newark, and that he gut there in two or. at the most. thr(K> days. A number of them state explicitly that he crosswl at Ac- <|uackanonk Mridce. The map shows that this was the shortest lei sible route, and to forif conviction, we shall quote in the .sutceiiliii); ihapter a dispatch of his dated from Accpiacka- nonk. However, as it belonjrs pro[K-rly to e\ents yet lo be rdatiil. We shall content ourselves here with the evidence gathered from numerous histjries as to the urnjency of his Kiluation, the route he look after leaving Hackensack and the time spent on the journey. From Irvine's Life of \VashinK<"n. \'ol. ;;. p. 4:j4. "Leaving' three "e;timents. therefore, to ^uard the |>iisses of the Hackensack and serve as covering parties, he I \Vash- iliKloiil attain di'camiH>.'ton had i)laced some n uinieiils alon;; the Hackensack to affonl the semblance of | to .Newark. Sihui after he hail m.-ircbed .Major-Geiieial ViiiiKlian appeareil befon- the \irw briiljie ovei tin- llackeii- .sack. The .Vmerican detai hnii'iit which had Ih'cu left in till' rear, beinir unable to nd it, broke it down, and re- tired before him over the Passaic. Having entered the o|)eii <'ouiilry. Washington delerniimil to hall a few ilays on the •south si le of this riv,-r, make some show of resistance, and vmleavor lo colle<-t such force as wi.uld keefi up the s<-niblaiice of an army. i-tc. "Nov. lis. 177II. .\s Ihe Itritish army crossed the Passaic Wasliin;.'loii abainlonetl his position iHhind that river, anil the day I.K>rd C'ornwallis entered Newark relreal"il in New Hrnns- wick." From HiaiUey's Life of Wasliinu'lmi ilS'iSi. Vol. 1. \>. \'X'.. "Kriveii friiiii Ihe Hackensack. Washiiiclon tiMik post be- liind .Vi|ul:aniiunk. Pressed holly by this position of C'orn- V allis. he was loiiipelled to abandon this also, ami retired to New Brunswick." Fioni Battles of American Kevolution. Vol. 1, p. 250. "The American army. comi)elled to abandon the space be- tween the Hackensack and Pas)>:iic. crossed the latter river at Acquackanonk on November 21, 1771;, burueil the bridjie after a brief skii-Miisli. and followed the right bank of the Passaic Kiver to Newark, reaching that city on the 2od. anil New Brunswick on the 29th." History of America by Winsor ilSMIi. Vol. U. p. :{lj)S. "On the 21st (Nov. 177IJI he iWasbinjnoni was at Aquack- iioc Bridge, on the Passaic, and by the 2'M was at New- ark." Kaum's History of New .Jersey. Vol. 1. i>. 4:!4. "(Jeneral Washington, with Beal's, Hcanl's ami pan ol Irvim^'s brigades, cr,>ssed at Acquackanonk Bridge, ami itosteil themselves at Newark on the .south side of the Passaic river." (Ji.rdon's History of New .Jersey, pp. 221. 222. "Fuller these circumstauccs no serious desigu i oulil be entertained of defemling the Hackensack. A sliow of re- sistance was momentarily preserved, with a view of covering the few stores wlijcli could be removed. General Washington with lieal's. HiMrd's and part of Iiviue's brigades, crossed Ihe Acquackanonk bridge and took [xist at Newark on the south side of the Passaic." J^i.ssing's Field Book of the Itevoluticn. "When Washington Med toward the Delaware, in Noveni- l>er. 177i'>. his army (thr.^e thousand in nun lieri encamped at Newark from the 22il to the 2Sth. On lliiil il.iy Cornwallis entered ihi' town with a pursuing fiirie." Carringlon. in "Battles of the Kevolution. "" "The American army, co!ni)elleil to abandon the space between the Hackensack and the I'assaic, crossinl the latter river at .Vcquackanonk on the 21sl day ol November, burned the bridge after a briel' skirmish, and folluweil the right kmU of the Passaic river lo .Newark, reaching that city on the 2oil." The arrival of the fugitive army iu the evening or night of the 22d easily accounts for the di£ferenc-e of the dates given by I,o.s.sing and Carrington and others. In the "Historical Collections" iliarlionr ami llowii we iLail: "On the 22d of November. 177ll. (Jeneral Washington el teri^l Newark on his retreat through New .Jersey, having crossed the I'assaic by the Acquackanonk bridge with a force of S.-VMl. Here the troops remained encamped until the morn- ing of the 28th. «hen Lord Cornwallis euteieil the town from New York." Whitehead, in his "Contributions to East .lersey Hislmy." says: "Washington's headquarters were at .\ci|nackanonk No- vember 21, 177(1, and Newark from ihe 23d to the 27lli." Sypher's History of New .Jersey, p. 127. says; "With the brigaib^ commanded by Beal. Heard and Erwin. A\:isb- ir.glon crossed the bridge at Aciiu.ickanonk ami look post at Newark." This is surely a snilicieni quantity of incli^initabli' rviilriii-i> to settle the controversy once for all. . X-i. «^ - *V* 1t* *i* «^t**v*^ *♦ iff* 1 "^***'* 'i'^' •ViJ**"» ^.TV i*>^^>X.Uci REVOLUTIONARY MAP '1776) SHOWING WASHINGTON'S RETREAT. CHAPTER XIL WASHINGTON'S NIGHT AT ACQUACKANONK. He Was in Full Retreat Before the British— Chopping Down the Bridge Gave Him Breathing Space, and the Enemy's Foraging Gave Him Ample Time to Get Away— John H. Post, the Bridge Chopper — A Skirmish at Passaic Bridge. WASlllMnON cP'ssimI ihc liiisult that when Washington arrived there was a strong and fully ei|uippeil force waiting to destroy the bridge al his orders. The lirst thought of the commander on arriving here seems to have been to ailvis" (Jovernor Livingston of New .Tersey of his retreat fr-iiu the Hudson, for the following perfectly au- thenliialeil h'tter is on recoid:— ".Vci|uack:inonk Bridge. "'J\ Novemher. 177'!. "Sir: — ! have litis moment arrived at this place with tien- «>ral Beal's ami Ceneral lleard"s brigades from Marylaml anri .lersey and jiart of tJeneral Kwing's from PeiinsylvaniM. Tliri-*- other regiments, left to guaril the passes upon Haekeii s;iik river, and |o serve as n vering parlies, are I'xpected thi~ <-vening. Afler the unfortunate loss of I'ori Washington il w:i~ dct-'rmined to evacuate Fort Lee in a great im-asiire, as it was in a manner useless in obstrudlng the passagi- of tli' Ninth Itiver without the assistance of Fori Washington. Tli' aminiinilion and siane other stories were accordingly removed, but. before We could eflfei'l our purpose, the oneui.v landed yes- lerday inoi-ning in very considerable ninnbers about si.x miles above the fori. Their intent evidenlly was |o fiu-ni a line acri>ss from the plai-e of Iheir landing to Haekensaek bridgr jind thereby hem in the whole garrisoi. betwii-n the .Vorlh and Haekensaek rivers, and tinding the country from levelni-ss and o| eiiness unlit for making a stand, it was deteimiued to draw •he whide of onr for-e to this side of the river, where we n were eurolleil among the "eyes of the army." As will be seen later, they gathered some reliable information. It was nearly 3 o'clock when \\':ish- ington retired. It has never ln'cn selllcil wlicUier Washington remaineil here more than one day. Some authorities say that he did not reach Newark until the 2:iil. in which case it is probable that lie \\:is in .Vc(|uackanouk from the afternoon of the lilsi until the morning of the 2;id. Others say that he arrived at Newark (Ui the '2'M. The discrepancy may be due to his ai riving there during the night. Of his old headquarters here iicitliiiig lemains luit ihe ruins, which may still be seen on ihc hillsiilc-, a s!ioi-t ilistauee RUINS OF WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS On Main .Wpnuc. near '• Old First" Churih-Burneil Down In 1S70. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 57 solllliiMst n( <]><■ "(IM l-'irsl" {'Inii-.h. 'I'li,. ln.iisi- wiis ili- stniycil \i\ lirr in ISTil. Tli,- ini inihi- |i> iln' Krviilutii)iiar.v liridjic is ricp\\ iir.'i|iii'il li,\ ;iii iiinisnl ilrivi'«;iy n|icniii}; intn Inwrr .M:iiii .ivi-mif. .-iliciiil tliii'ty I'ci't s.Jiilli nf ilir ullin- .il' the S. M. Hirili l.iiiiilpcr ( 'oiii|>Miiy. Tlh- lii-iil;:i' was rclmil! "Tli.'it liuviiiK iill lliiii^^s iliinc And ;ill ymir coiilliHs i)ii.>tt. Ye may IjuIkiIiI your victory won And stund conipli'to at last." His wil''. Kliz.ilictli, outlived In r liushand over tliirleen \v.\siii\(;'i<».\s i;!:'1m;i:at MOisruKi.v lire i>is- iihakti<;mn(!. in 1777. .iMil iisiil I'ui- :i lew yiais iiiiiil :i mw oiie was erected. years. ilyiii« on May '27. l.Sdd, at tile Kreat a>;e of l(l."> years. Hotli its site anil tlie rnins of the olil tavern slioiild properly lie marked by t.llilets or monuments for the lienetit of fntnre f.-enerations. '\'\\v further history of liolh the hriiU'e and lli.' tavc'rii will he foinid in tln' apiiropriate chapters. WashinL'tun's retr"at to the llelaware was very leisurely. .\s to .Iihn II. I'ust. il )y a hical iraditiiin that he received He stayed at .Newark for several days, and Thomas Paine, the a caiitaiti's ( niiiiiiissi.in f,ir chuppin;.' il,,wn the bridge. His noti'd inliilel. records that he .•idvan<-ed several tiinps to meet name .lues nut appear >>n llie roll uf Iti'volntionary captains, the fue on infunnatiun tli.tl tie- Hritlsh were approaching. the only I'ust of this rank bein;; Francis I'ost of Essex County. The retreat of '.III miles betwi-en the two rivers occupied nine- nppuinted captain of ColoinO Thomas' battalion of •'Detached tei'ii days— less than live miles in 24 hours. The retreat, how- Militia" on .Inly IS. 177r,. .l,.|in II. Post is officially men- ever, was very discotira^iiiK. (Jordoii's History of New tieiied unly as .i priv.ilc, Imi pnbli.- -untiment promoteil hini. .Tersey says that, "iin.ibli' to m.-ike I'frective resistance ns the THE TAP HOUSE W'lisliillKInn's Tli'iidnnarters wliile in Pas.-^aic. i and after the war lie was knu\\ n as t'aptain I'ust. when he was not called "Pot-Bellied" Post, on account of his figure, which hecame rotund lati' in life. He was only twenty-six years of age when he <-hopped down the bridge. He served through the war, and never earned any respite from hard work. .\l! his life he plo.ved .-ind sowed un utlicr men's laud until he grew tuo old fiu' such l.abor. when he ilruve the farmers' lattlc- to and from pasture at the Notch. In his last ye.-irs hi' ami his wife made their home with the faniily of the late ,Iuilge Henry 1". Simmons on .Main avenue, opposite the Eric dipot. They did small chores, and enjoyed a sort of honorable dependence. Their remains rest in the "OhI First" church- yaid. Post's tombstone be.irs the following inscnption: — In .Mi'iiiury of .Tohn H. Post A Soldier of the Revolutionary Army Who Departed this Life On thi> 7th March .\. I). 1S17. .\gra '.i7 years. ON THE HILL. From i)liU(' in llic possfRsion of .\lfred Speer). Rritish crossetl the P.assaic. W'ashingtuu abainluutMl his posi- tion behind it. ami on the 2Sth of November, as Lord Corn- wallis entered .Newark, he retreated thence to New Bruns- wick. .\nil h.T''. tu ihe L'feat mortificaticui of the commander- in-chief, he liecamc still more enfeebled by the abandonment of his troops almost in sight of an advancing enemy." Another authority says that. "Sc.ircely a man joined his army in this march, while numbers wur,. ilaily llueking lu the ruyal army to acce()l of the proffered mercy ami protii-tion." It was at this time that Drummoinrs battalion was mustered into the royal service. There was at least one unwilling recruit, though, in the iierson of Edo Mersidis. of Preakness. a hoy of si.Meeii. wild was driving through Ac(iuackaiionk with a load of wooil for market. His hor.st-s were reipiisitioned by the American soldiers sind hitcheil to a cais-son. The boy was counxdled to ilrivi' with the load to New Brunswick, from which place he was .ill.>wid lu return home with his team, much to his delight and the relii'f of his parents. Speaking of Washington's retreat. Dippencott's History, page 16,3, says: "Depressed by a succession of disasters, the little arm.v of .\mericans iuovimI wearily on, illy clad, without tents, scarcely a bl.Luket. .ind no shcK'S to protect them from the rigor of the season. " 58 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. With \Viisliiii;:ii>ii in lliis i>lif.-lit. iMi.niii: pursuit by tht- British iiiiirht liavi- turui-d liis retreat Into a rout. The enemy >liil not follow up his ailvanta^e. The writer of a pamphlet l'i;l>lisheil in 177'» tries to account for this in a curious way. lie siiys: "It was the |.us-oni of (Jeneral Howe to give the enemy five days' march after their defeat, as for iustance the battle of the Braudywine" (and eight others which he men- tions*. "In Washington's retreat from Hackensack the cu.s- tiinary live ilays were allowed him to escai)e. Lord Corn- wallis might just us well as not have followed Washington in close pursuit, captured him, and so put an end to the war. But he was merciful." If these were Howe's orders. I'ornwallis did not oliev them at first. His for<-es were in two columns, one of which fssed the river by the ford at Kelawanua reef. Here it expected to join tlie c-olumn which was supposed to he at Washington's heels, but it was compelled to wait several ilays. Tlie rest of Cornwallis' army followed Wasliington through I.odi and Walliugton to the Aciiuackanonk bridge. They leiiiid it destroyed, with three thousand men on the opposite bank ready to dispute the passage of the river. Wheeling about, they retraced their steps a short distance, and took the road upstream until about ti(X) feet north of the present bridge at Outwater's I..ane, in Uobertsford. Here they eii- camiied in the dark at the Banta house. riu'onscious of their approach. Banta and his family had retired, for it was long after nddnight. They were aroused by a British ■dlic-er. who wanti-d Banta to show him the ford. Bantu arose, iiinl with a lanti-rn in his hand pointed out the place. But it was hardly to be exi)ec-ttHl that tired men would cross a .strange river at two o'clock in the morning, anil the troops did not pass over. They luaile use of the hos- pitalities of the Btintu place to their utmost. The slaves were turnen the straw which was placed there tor beilding. Cornwallis an. At this point the pursuit se<:ius to have slackened. Wash- ington moved his army leis\irely to Newnik on the ■22nd without being opposed by tin- deta'-hiu<>nl whidi crossed at Uelawauna or hi.H rear-giiurd being har.issed by Cornwallis. His spies biought in reports of the i-m-iny's novements, nr lack of move- ihents, whic.h jiistifieil liiin in resting at Ni'wark for three days. The British leaders were ttnsheiriteil enemy. They im igineil that the ri-voliition hud exhausted itself. Cornwallis lingered a week lH-tW(.en here and New- ark, and his men lived on the fat of the land. The harvests had all been gathered, ami the richness of the farms at Sluu- leiilnm, Weasel and Aciiuni'kainuik was proverbial in com- paratively recent years. The temptation was too strong to be rtsisted. Banta always said thnt the siddiers ilid not harm his fiiiuily or properly, but on the Cailmus farm at Slauierdani everything was theirs, for llie.v took it. In due tiini- the British, having wrought terrible havoc .'imong lhi> good things which they leunil in abunilaiice on the Bergen County side, crossed the ford, which was just north of where Dundee I>atii now stands. The river was shallow here, am) its width was partly a<'connted for by a small island. ISO fi-et wide, whiih lay in iiidstream. The iuvaders doubtless rejoiced to tind that living was just as good at Weasel and .\ci|ii:ukanniiU as across the river. The farmers in all of these places were mostly descendants of the original proprietors, who were wealthy men in the seventeenth century. One hundred years of peace and frugality had made their descendants the richest body of men in the two counties. While they did not risk their lands and lives by fighting for freedom, their well-tilled storehouses did the American Uevo- lution a better service by hindering Cornwallis in his march. And. indeed, it took foresight as widl as courage to embrace the cause when Wasliington was ai-tu:illy in Higlit hefure the royal army. Itr. .Iidin (Jarretsoii oci-U|iied a house on the Kssex mow rassaicl County bank, on the Wea.sel road, not far from the river. His office was in a small extension at one end of the house. I'pim the approach of the British he removed his piecious stock of medicini's to the cellar, where, for safety, he set some of his slaves at their customary household duties. One old •■mammy" w.is lui.sy churning when a ball fired by till' British at landHin or by accident pierced the door, and, speeding close to In r In :id. H.ittened itself on the furthest wall. This so enraged lii-r that she rushed forth, dasher in hand, and. waving it above her head, bid defiance to the whole British army. The (iarretsons were patriots, but the doctor and his family were not molesleil. It is related that at the close of the war .some neighbors, who wire British informers, were rewarded with allotments of bnid in Xova Sc-otia. They v.ent to their new possessions: but. finding the countr.v wild and inhospitable, soon returned to the neighborhood of Weasel. rpon their return they calknl on Mrs. (Jarretson. saying they were glad to meet her again. Mrs. fJarretson, b.v way of reply, picked up a pair of tongs and chased them from the house. The good dame was a hot-tempered patriot. One d: y. iluriiiL' llie w.iv. n peililler i-:iileil. In siiite of his pack, sli|. suspei-teil tlial he was a spy. .-11111. rushing upon him. pr.slieil liiiii lienillirst over the lower part of the door, the upper half of which usually stood open in pleasant weather. The first stop made b.v the British was at the home of I'aul I'owlisson. on the Weasel road. The site of the Kevo- lulinnaiy house is now occupied by the lately erected himie of his great-grandson, lliclianl I'. Kip of Clifton. The old Iduse weathered the storms for 1.S4 years. It was built by the first Paul Powlisson in 1713. and its niemor.v is iinserved in a stone inscribed with his initials and the liate. thus. ■I*. I'. 171.">." I'o-.vlisson awaited the arrival of the tidi>ps on his froet stooji. His wife had taken her ^on Richard, tWen not five years of age. and hidden in the garret in mortal terror. .\s the soldiers swaggered up the road, an officer approached and imiuired if an.v rebels were hidden in the cellar. I'owlisson said there were none. The officer insisted on searching, and his soldiers emerged from the cellar laden with eatables, raw and cooked. Powlisson's expostulations were unheeded; but he was no worse off than his neighbors, for the soldiers storiued and looted every cellar and pantry oil the line of inarch with the greatest gallantry. Uesistaiici. would have been useless. and none was offered. I.IVINC oil' llli; KMlMV.s; COl-NIKV. The British eiiiaiiiped on the ;;djoiiiiiig faiiii. wliirli was owned by .\liram Vrit-land. a Tory, and remained there several d;ys. living off the farmers. Then they marched to the s1oim» now oicnpied by the City Hull and Park, which has been called ■•Tony's Xo.se" ever since, after Sir Anthony Howe. They remained here long enough for some of the soldiers to make excursions as far as .lohn .liu-idi Vreelaud's farm on the ■■Point." This old gentleman always said that he received fairly good treatment at their hands. They eanie for things n ^lui'it Mfi'i. ^"^^t^iliia^ ^**-Kf <«' J^tfw^ivt^rf*^ 1751. ANOTHER OF WASHINGTON'S MAPS. 60 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. to eat, and. althoufrli lie was eoiisuleriMl pemiricus. he always fed thorn to their satisfaction. .lust before their departure, h.wever. he missed the silver buckles which adorued his best pair of kiiickerljockers. Suspicion fell on a private soldier, who denied the theft. Vreelaud was a man of lar«e conraiu'e. strong e. nvictions and bip muscle. He captured the fellow, searched him unaidtHl. and was rewarded by lindin^' the buckles. Then he ordered all the soldiers off the place. .Vs they went he watchef his force, which was waiting for him at Dela- wanna. lyiviug at this place was Coriu-lius Knnis. a ferryman, who tr.insiMirted passengers across the river. Me was seized and hangetl i>n a tree on the Uiver road. His body was left suspended, and niion the departure of the aiiuy was cut down by his friends and buried in a small graveyard mi iln' bank of the Yantacaw jMuid nearby. It has long bei ii a mystery why and by whom he was e.\e<'nted, but an a<-count of the liiiUging was recently unearthed in an old magazine. Knnis passed as a Tory, and was entrusted with information as to the intentions of the British while they wi're c-ncamped at Delawaima. It was discovered that his .sympathies were with the patriots, ami he was hanged ont of precaution. From Delawanna Cornwallis followed Washington's route to Newark, where we will leave him. He was afterward heard .if at Vorklown. when- the surrender of his army ro W,-ishing- toii terminated the war. Revolutionary History and Traditions of Ac- quackanonk and Vicinity. The Kevolnlionary history ami Iraditii iis of .Vci|uaiUaiionk flo not end with Washiiigtoirs brii-f visit liere. The neighbor- hcod is rich with historic lure, and tliough it was never the scene of a great battle, shots were fired in anger more than oi.ee. Washington is freipu'iitly heard of as being in th>' vi- cinity of .Xciinackancink under ciicunistances which iiei'essi- liiled his passing '.hrongh the place. .\ number of incidents of the war hereabouts are related below. The material has been gathered from so many sources that it would be tiresome to i|iiole authorities. After the battle of White I'lains Krigailier-tieiieral I'hili|> Van C'ortlaudt. one of the noted commanders of the war. with his servant and his frieml. Mr. Seabury. passed through .^c- i|iiackanonk on his way across the State. He records thai they "were near bi'ing captured by the enemy." One of llie most tons of shot, but that "it is altogelher out of my power to get it carted." Teams were at a premium, but finally .irra'igemenls weie made with (ieorge Van Iderstine and Cornelius Lmllow of Aciiuackauouk to cart the stuff to the Landing. « here it was sliipped by boat to different points. On September 14. 1777. a colunm of Sir Henry Clinton's firces. under Major Robert Druumioud. made a foraging raid into Acquackanonk. carrying off many cattle, sheep and horses, taken that night from the farmers. A si\ii;.\iisir .vT rASS.\ic brid(;e. .\fter the battle of Monmouth, in 1778. the British re- treated through New .Jersey to the Hudson, and one detach- ment was pursnetl as far as Aciiuaekanonk. a fitting reversal of pri'vions -onditions. The Americans attacked the British in camp on the night of .lune 30. 1778. ju.st north of the Erie Kailroad bridge. A lively skirmish ensued, and a number were wounded on both sides. In the d irkuess. however, the British retreated to the bridge, which they crossed, and were soon lost ill till' darkness on tile Bergen side. A I'KU.MA.NKN T (ilAKH AT ACUl'ACK.V.NUNK. The strategic importance of the .Vcquackauouk bridge was soon re<-ogiiizeil by Washington. It was on the main highway lietweeii Newark. Ilaekensack. Paramus. Morristown. Totowa and many other points, and troops were constantly passing tlii-iiugh the village. Many roads centred here, and the bridge was the only one on the river from Newark up. Washington decided to station a force here sutJicient to hold it unless the enemy came in great force. He also desired to prevent the iMieiny from foraging in the rich farming country roundabout. Everything necessary for the suiiport of an army, from a horse to a wisp of hay. had become very scarce and dear. In a letter of O following letter: — "Hiadiinarters. Kislikill. "October (i. 177S. • -My Lord:— "I had jnsi now the honor of .\onr letters of the 4th and .">lh iiist. .\s we are often obliged to reason on the designs of the eiiem.v from the appL^arances which come under our ob- servation: or are drawn from our spies, we cannot be too at- tentive to those things which may afford us new light. Ever.v minutiae should have a place in our collection: for things of a stdiiiugly trilling nature when ascertain these matters of information, as well as to collect such other circumstances and facts as ma.v be useful In iiilorni onr judgment as to their design or destination. "I am. my Lord, your Lordshiii's most ob't Serv't. "G. Washington "I*. S. Vcpii will lie pleas(>d to forward the enclosed to Dr. Critlith." This letter, still In existence, is ill Washington's own hand- writing. It is folded so as to be its own envelope, sealed and addressed li.v the writer: — "Honorable .Major "I'nblie Service." (ieiieral Lord Stirliii; ".Kt .\iiuakoniick" Lonl Stirling left .VciinackaiionU on October 1."). 177S. take eominand of the troops at Elizabethtown. where he inained until the army went into winti'r heaihiuarlers. In 1 to re- r7!) THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 61 he \V!is sliilioni'd mi I'imiiiiIchi. I'miii whirli iiciiit lie cuvci'ccl all till' ciiiiiili'.v MS iMi- cast as llacUciisarU. The ;;naril was slill inaiiilaiiiril al lln' liriilur. s(ii.iiii:i;s i.\ii'i;kss1(i.\s oi' aci.uac kanonk. Ill I 'I'li'inliiT. 1T7.S, a ilivisicm nl ilic ( 'cmtliiriital army, iiii- (li'T (Ji'iicral rmiiaiii. iiiai'iliiMl tlirniiKli I'aianiiis ami Aiqiiack- iii'oiik. Siii'fiiMm 'rhachi'i'. who was altaclu'il tn tlic ilivisinn. rciiirils Ills pleasant iiiipn ssimis i>f lM>tli places as follows, in liis diary of all ("vciits coniin;; luulcr his oliscrvatioii tiom 1775 to 17S:{:— ■■I)cccnil)i'r 1st iiml 2d. passi'd ihniinrli I'aranins ami Ac- (|i!ackaiionk. twciity-six miles. These towns are inhaliited chieHy liy Duleh peopli': their ehurihes and dwellin;; hiinses are liiiilt mostly of roiifjh stone, one story hi^'h. There is a peculiar neatness in the appcar.-ince of their dwellinjrs. hayinj; an airy piazza supported hy pillars in front, and tlu'ir kitchens CI i:nectcd at the ends in the form of winjis. The land is re- reniarkalily Icyid. .-ind the soil fertile: ami liein;; f;euerally ad- vanlaKcoi sly ciiiiivatcd. the iieople appear to enjoy ease and liJUipy comjietency. The fnrniture in their honses is of the most ordinary kind, and such as might he supposed to accord with the fashion of (lie days of Queen Anne. They despise the siipi rlieities of life, and are aniliitit.us to appear always neat .-ind ihanh- .iiid never to complain of ;in empty purse." There arc on MIc in ilie I'cniisvh aiii,-i Stale archives, iiub- lishcd ill \cd. .\I.. Sc, olid Scries ihc division orders of Briga- dier lleneral Aiillioiiy W.iyiic, coniinandiii}; the troops of that State, showim.' the p.irolc. i onntersign and details for guard at Ac"inackanonk liridge on DiMcmbcr Id and 11. 1778. The divi-^ion left I'aranins on Dccendcr .">. being live days on the v .ly. On .November '.'M 177!t, (i Howe avenue, in this city. In the slimmer .if 17S() the Second New .lersoy Regiment. Contiiicnial I, inc. had skirmishes with the British here. It w.-is ipiarleiiMl at the bridge Inu-e during part of that summer. The guard stationed later in the year had a skirmish on tlii> evening of .November L'l, I'M', four years to a d;iy .iftir \\'ashiiigton crossed. It was relieved by another detachment, and while on its way to join the main army at Totowa was surprised by a reconnoitring party of the enemy from Bergen County, The British forded the river at Dundee Dam, prob- ably being familiar with the ford because of Cornwallis" ex- p< ri(>nee four years before. It seems the .Vmerieans had passed the ford a few minutes before. The British gave chase and overtot>k their nk, to .Newark and .leisey City, and in one instance to Staten IslamI, It is probable that at least a part of the Second New York regiment pas.sed through here in December. 17S(), Later on. re- titrning from Fredericksburg, Va„ they encamiied at Ponipton tor the severe winter of 17.S1-1782. They suffered much from the colli, and were in bad spirits and an.xious for their dis- charge. One Sunday their chaplain. I)r, .lolin Oauo, said in his sermon; "I eau aver of a truth that our Lord and Sa\iour ap- proved if all thi se who had engaged in Ills servi<-e for the whole warfare, .No six or nine months' men in his servicel" This bold remark hail an encouraging effect. Oil .Tune 2li, 1781, Martha W.ishington is said to have passed through .\c(;tnickanonk on her way to Mount Vernon, escorted bv a gn.ird of honor from (ieneral Heath's division. On .Inly 1. 1 7M the Coiincciicni State troops, 4tK) strong, under (iemral Watcrbiiry. crossed the bridge on their wa,v to Little Falls, by way of the Notch toad, [•"or some time |ii-evious to August 11, 17N1, it was Wash- ii.gton's iiilciition to attai'k Clinton in .New York. On that day, however, he changed his idan, and determined to move the French troops under Lafayette and several eomiuands of the Aiuerican troops from King's Ferry, on the Hudson, to Vir- ginia to capture Cornwallis. who surrendered two months later, Geuernl I-inci In, with the Light Infantry and the First New York Itegiment, passed through Acciuaekanonk on August '27t on their way to A'irginia, This was the last time that troops are known to have passed through the place during the war. The French division marched during the same nuinth to Philadelphia by way of Suffern and Pompton, At Suflferu Washington joined them, and on the 27th left with his corps, iulending to surprise Sir Henr.v Clinton in New York, He was bound for Paulus Hook, and it is said that he took a round- about way through .\c<|uaekanll with I'ic Idaek eyes, just like her own." He was a very methodical man. so ihal it is surprising: ihut the promise was never made t;oiid. r.it.vvi: sriKs. • tiik kvks ov thk ai;.mv." WashiUKIon's canipaicus were always faiilitated liy the i-mployment of liidil and nuuu'rons spies, who were enabled. Iiy the division of the .\nierieans into Tories and patriots, to pass ill ami out of the Kritish ranks on prete.xls of l>nsiii(>ss uilhont tronlde. One of the liesi of these was .lacid) A. Van Itipi'r. of Aei|iniekaiionk. On the nii;ht of his stay here Wash- iiiKlon. who was then orKanininf; a spy system to watch the Hrilish in and near New York, selwted Van Uiper on the recoinmeiiilation of Oi'rrick Vreelaiid, as om* who was ai-- ■ lUainlcd with every foot of countr.v for miles aronml. How well WashiuKlon was aide to inform himsidf of the enemy's movements is shown liy a letter of Ancnst. 2."). 177S. He illustrates the iM'rfect iu';:ani/atioii of the .system liy saying that he was "an.\ions to ohiain a true account of what is pass- uiir in .New York, ami am endeavoiinK to send in a variety of persons from difTerent cpiarlers who have uo eoiumunication or coiiiu-ction with each other. By comparing their aecounts I shall he alile to form a prett.v ?o readalde when the paiicr was welled «ilh a secret solutiim. Tln' Hrilish were willing to pay them well to turn traitors. A story is told of Colonel Hainillon ilniiiiiK the enemy liy imans of a spy suspected of having solil himself lo the British. Hamilton prepared what imrporleil to Ik' a detailed statement of the effcclive strcnifth of the army, irreally exaKfieralinc the niimlH'rs of men and arms, ami h'ft it on his writing taldi'. On his return the snpixised spy and the docuin<>nt were holh missim;. The stiata^'cm detiTrcd lhi> British from attacking' in force. The reports .if British ollici-rs tn their commanders oi- casiomiliy show how successfully the .\iuoriean .soldier-spies ih-ifivi-d their Iih'. On Kidiruary JS. I7M. ('olrteil to Sir Henry t'liiilon at .\i>w Voik as follows:— "Christian l.owzier and Kichard \'an Itiper say they live at AciiuaiineiiuPHk. wliiih place tliey left Monday last. It was lepcirlcd that p.irt of \\'asliin;:tiiirs army were to ;ro in the sonthward." i^lc. "1". S. The aliove two uu'ii are cmnc in. as ii seems to me. inly on the scheUH' of Iraile. they appear to he i;;noranl of piililic matters. "Ciil. Koliinson." The Kicharil Van Uiper. whose .lersey Putdi stolidity en- alilcd him to ply Colonel Koliinson with trivial misinformation, ami who impressed him as lieiiiK itrnorani of public affairs, was. in fad, a captain in (Vdoiiel Thomas' liattalion of De- tached .Militia. He was an Aci|iiackaiionk man, and lived on the ICiver Drive, near \'aii Honten avenue. 'Hiv "laiwzier" was Peter l.oziiT. of !,<)di. a lieutenatn in Cohuiel Fell's hat- lalioli of Stale troops. On March 1,S. I7SI, Danii'l .Martin, of Paramns. ripnrted al lieadipi.irters in .\cw York that "LMKI nn-n lami' fr West I'nint to Tappan yesterday." He was uiidoiihtedly idenlical with the Daniel Martin of the same place who was in the company of Hugh Stewart McLellan. which left Albany on February l.'i. and. as he says in his diar.v, "came by Ac- iinackaiionk." BRITISH SPIES. THEll: CrNMM; AND i:S( APES. The British spies were .scarcely less cunning than the American. Two of them, who became so well known as to be in lonstant danger of capture, were Ensign Moody and .lames O'Hara. Their activity aroused the ire of Governor Livingston, of New .Jersey, who on August 3. 1781, offered "$2(X) of the bills of this state for the arre.st of Ensign Moody ami his I'lrty," Moody i.ssued an aiunsiug counter-proelamaticni. uf- fering "^tMl guineas true money for Livingston's ilelivery alive to the Provost of New York, or half that sum for his ears and nose, which are too well known and ton remarkable to be mis- taken." O'Hara was at Aciiuackauonk March 1. 17S1, and returned to New Y'ork with a report that there was only a small guard of a dozen men in this vicinity — at Second Kiver or Belleville — that thirty men guardeil the stores at Poiiiptoii and that "Washington came down with the trooi>s." Clintim's spy. (Jould. reported to him on .lannar.v 2(1. 17.S1. the mutiny of the .Jersey Brigade at Pompton. and that he had returned to .New York throngh .\ciiuaikaiionk to pick up all the news he could. .loseph Clarke, anolhi'r Clinton spy. passed through here in .liily, 17^1, On liis w:iy \>i P.iramus he met the Jersey Brigade, but qnitted the road and lay down in the woods while it passed. Abouf the same time Peter Btattie and Michael Campbell trav.'led tbroiigli here from Newark to IlackensacU. They were arrested .as spies and marched from .Newbriilge to Sneading's. but escaped during a halt. THE SYSTEM OI' HH.VCON I.ICIl'l'S. A system of beacon lights was in u.se to send al.inns across the State. One was on the high bliiff at the Nolih. in charge of Major Parr: (me at Denville. on tl minem-e called Fort Hill, in charge of Captain .Tosiah Hall, and another at Short Hills, near Madison, which was called "the watch tower of friedom." At each of these points an IS-pounder cannon, called b.v the soldiers the "old sow." was kepi. Beacons were built of dry woikI piled around high poles. When the sinlinels discovered an.v threatening moveinents of the enemy, the i .in- noii were fired .-nid the beacons lighted in bid ilie patriots be .m their guard. .MA.lOIt HOWE. THE MA^OKS <;i{ANDI'A rilKIJ, In dosing the account of Aciiuackanonk in th<' Kevolulion. it is with pleasure that reference is made to the services of Major Bezalc"! Howe, grandfather of our present Mayor. Dr. Charles .M. Howe. Major Howe served in the New Hampshire line of the Continental .\riny except for six months, when he w.is .\u.\iliary I.ienlenanl in (ieiieral Washington's Life Ouards. He enlisted at the very coiniiiencenicnt of the war. .ind served thioiighoiit. He was a mere youth, standing im the village green in his native town, when a company of soldiers was leaving for the f:'ont. His heart was touched when he saw a we<-ping wife and daughters embrace an elderly man. and. stepping forward, he offered himself as a substitute. He was aceepli'd. and did not even visit his honu> again until llie war was over. He was successively commissioned Lieutenant. Caii- taiii ami Major. After the war he served three years, under Oem-ral Wayne, against the Indians. After that he reinaineii six years more in the army, making sixteen in all. Al the battle of lyong Island he tindv command of his <-oin- pany after the captain ran away. He served in Colonel Alex- THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 63 iiiiili'i- lliiiuill. Ill's rr(.'iiiiciii. mill WHS mil' ni' his sh;ir|isli(HitiTS. Ill' uMs Willi W^isliiiiL'liiii ill Ills i-i'In-iit llin>iij.'li AiciikuUh- iiniiU. Amichi^' IIh' ii.-i|icis nl' Mii.Mii- Howe is un urijiinal painT Iii'ikU'iI: — "All iicr. 1" his house to eat. ilriiik anil be merry. Wiili suiiie of the well-stamped coin. I pnr- ehaseil .i few iluzrii uf .Maileira. ami when the noontide heat iiad ahali'il. I qiialTi'il I he il.'lieious liipior with the .Major and Dr. under the trees in his ;,'arden. Major Howi'. after enrry- in>; arms thron^di thi' lievoliitionary war, instead of reposiuR upon laurels In- had aeipiired, was eonipelled to oihmi a hotel In New York for the maintenance of himself, his wife and children. He was n inoniber of the Cincinnati, and not n littlo proud of his eaKle." .Major Howe was aftcrwarcl Collector of the I'orl of .Ni'W York, and his books, all in his own hundwritiiiK, ari' in his jirandson's possession. 'I'he.v show the name and port of each ve.ssel arrivinjr, the kind of carRo and amount of duty. Many of the books ami manuscripts of this worthy man are now in the rooms of the .\i'W .lersey Historical Soiiely at Newark. These are w iriliy nl' a place besiile them. Thi-y have recently come to li;.'lit. liaviii;; liecii I'oiiiiil in a iiarret, where they had been iilaceil by the .Mayor's father, llie l.ile Dr. .lolin .M. Howe. CHAPTER XIIL EARLY INDUSTRIAL HISTORY. First Factory was a Tannery and Fur Dressing Shop, Erected in J 735— The Begfinningfs of Cotton Bleaching in New Jersey— The Dundee Canal Built in 1859, From Which Time Manufacturing Development Really Dates. Al'.iPl l' 17.;n Sliiiliiii I?;issi-tt laiiii' In .Vc.|ii:iu;:ht he si-tflrd lu'rc |icvmancnlly i" l"-!''- ;"'<' I'stab- lishrd tho first mannrai-tnrint; industry in thi- county, if not in the St;iti-. Hi- crcctc-d a small factory where Welsh's Hotel MOW stands, at Central iml Leximrton avenni's. lie this si>ot lieeunse a lirook ran thron^h it, sn|>|ilyin^' him with the water he needed. The Weasel road, as I,e.\in«ton avenue was then known, had lieen opened in 170". Hassett tanneil hides and dressed skins in srreat iinantities. shipiiinj; them to New York. The Indians supplied liim with di>er hides, wolf, hear and fo.x skins and the pelts of the raeeooii. inuskrat. opos- sum and skunk. lias.sett pnspered until his di-ath. iu 17(>:i. at the a^e of .'jli. He was hnried in the "Old First" Cemi'tery. then a plot perhaps "JIMI yards scpiare. Bassett was an ancestor of the late .lud;,'e lli'iiry 1'. Sim- mons, who aliout twenty years ajio removed the stone to his own plot. He dutf for the hones, liut found nom-. They had liecome part of thi- soil !:rter the lapse of 12,"> yi'ars. The oriuMUal Hasselt srave «as by the side of William Simmons" at the spot' above referred to, where still may lie seen the heailstmie of Bassott's daiiehter, an old red stone, small in size, but upon which one may read in very legible letters: "Kleanor Bassett. dau'.;hler of Stephen anil Ann Bassett, l>ied Kelirnary 211, 1742. aceil 14 years, lo months. ."> ilays." .lust why the sirl was left is not known, except thai she was allowed to rest beside her mother, who never had a stone, as she died the last of the family anil none were left to erect II nioniiment to her ineniory. The Iniinery was turned into a brewery after Bassett's ileath by a innn known as Abrain Brower. It is a time-honored tra- dition Ihal when he beu'an brewing he had a Christian name only, and that he was lii-st called Abrain de Brewer ami then .\braiu Brower. It is a thankless task for history to spoil this ■ inaint supposition by pointiiij: out that Brower was the nauu' of a raml'iv founded by .\dam Blower Beickhoveii. who came from Cidotfiie to New York in lii4"J. His son .lacoli .ami .Vniiie Bouanliis were presumably the parents of .\braiii. Abram's son Theophilns eoulinned the brewing business for only a short lime after his father's death, and then went to Now Y'ork. Bassett's tannin;; business was coiitinned by Lucas Wes- .sels. whose stone Imuse stood wlieri" 111- Hrie inaiii dejiot now is. Wessels was surveyor, clerk of the clinrch. scrivener and mineral adviser for his generation. He ilrew most of the deeds and le);al papers, and his name is freipieutly met with in real estate records ami maps. His private watermark may be si-en oil ll.e paper oil wiiuli niiiiiy .f Iheii! are written. He iii.-iimlar- nired this paper himself. With the exception of a saw and srist mill, these were llie only industries established in the first century after the settli'iiient of Accpiackanonk. One institution that is intei-est- iiiL', it not imporlant. is the only exception. Dirk Vrceland. one of the leading li;rhts of Revohitiouary Acolistie fioverninent seized and destro.vid ilie plant lie- <'iinsi' he iieirleeted to lake out a distiller's license and pa.v the internal reveiine tax. Uitilaril escaped arrest ami tied the ooiiii- tr.v. .Mir.iham \'aii Uipcr. who jrave the revenue otlieers in- teiiiiation of the plant, received mic-h.-iir of tlic \.iliic of (Jiiil- ard's properl.v. which was i-niiliscated. The mill was destroyed ami the dam removed in the earl.v seventies, draininpr ont the small niillpond. I'art "f the dam was visilile fur over twenty .ve.'irs. lint all traces are mwy lost. Tile pure waters .il' the Weasel I'.ronk ne.xt attracted the alteiitinii iif Fi-nloii iV Kiley, bleachers and printers of cotton and linen, who came here lookina; for a mill site. On the site of Watson's Bleaehery were several springs which suited them. The result was that .lolin .1, K. \'reelaiid asreod to build them a tiiill and snppl.v water power b.v bnildin;; a new dam and fcrmiiifr a new pond. The mill was a three-stor.v bnildiiiL'. alxnit HCx"."!. The wheel of the old urist mill was set np iu it. After a few .years Feiiton iV Uiley were sneeeeded by M. Gott- tiird. a Frenchman, who Ideached and dyed silks. His Inisi- m'SS was stopped by the dam a^jain i;ivini; way. and he aban- doned it. Iti 1S.")(; the dam was atrain ridmill for Charles and George Baldwin, who <'anie here fiimi Maiden. Mass.. to estab- lish a bleaehery. The.v obtained the privilege er increasing the hei.Kht of the dam whenever they lu'eded tnore water, thus (iro- vidiniLC for elilargin.!; the poiul. They did not remain here Ions, however. The accidental death ef a son id one i.l' the lir.illieis preyed upon llis mind so ninch that Ihcy Ictl tlic tewii. The mill was iinteiiaiiteil iiiilil ISii:;, when .bdin Wat-oii oi>ened it and repaired the .lain. In ist'.s ln' purchased the property. In ISTd the Aei]naekanonk \\'atcr Company, jnst organized by Charles .M. K. ranlisoii, demolished the idd dam and constructed a larser eiic. .\ long lawsuit ensued because the water works spoiled the waters of the brook below the dam for dyeing ptirposes. Watson Avon the suit, but the eom- pan.v eotitinued to supply water from the puiid for nearly kfti'eii .years. The pond has been a source of freiineiit litiga- tion ever since, one hotly contested suit being between the W.atsons and the Saddle River Ice Company over the right to cnt ice. It is o« iii'd by tlie \'rci-land estate, nf which William I'ennington is trustee. It is all that is left of the ancestral Vreeland aere.s, most nf wliicli p.tssed into the hands of the late .Indge Henry P. Simmons. The Watson Bleaehery burned down in IST'J and w;is rebuilt, .\fter the death of .lohti Wat- son it was lain by his sons, until business reverses cmnpclled them to close in ISSlt. The fir.st iron foundry in .\cipiackanonk \\as that of Hirani Bliinchard, who started a plant fur making stoves and small machine eastings in l.S:{'.l. near the Krie Railroad bridge. lie brought a score of families to the city with him. He gave up business about ISoti. I>r. Benjamin .\yciigg. who had .inst built the .Vycrigg mansion, bought thi' foundry ami deniolishcd it. The site was turned into a pasture. DKVELOr.MK.NT OF i;l\ FR WATKK I'OWFR. The water power uf the I'assaic attracted attention as early as 1.S2S. when .lidiii S. \'an Winkle and Brant Van Blar- coni were empnwercd by the l-egislature to eoustruct a dam eight feet high acmss the river ami dig a catial to furnish power. Tlie,\ lacked eapital. and .all lliey were able to do was lo eiun- meiice the canal atnl erect a wooden crib across the river and bnihl a small mill in Bergen (.'oiinty. In ISSti the Pn-ssuie Navigation Coniiiaiiy wa.s iiieorporiileil by a siieeial act. It w.as empowered lo improve navigati. IS.'I'J. Tlu' original im-orporators were not .Xeiiuackjtnonk men at :ill. lnit were enterprising ;ind well-to-do business niiMi living .it Pmnpton. then in Bergen Count.v. Their natues were .lacob .M. Ryersoti. Peter M. Uyerson, Uussell Siebbitis. .\. R. Thiimson and William Chase. They were authorized to raise a caiiilal of .');.">( >.roVfiiu-iits wc-rf tu In- rl>:irj;i-rtinK liiui- or other fertilizing niiiliM'iulK. 'Die company was also reose of the company to maintain navigation, a li>ck hcinE hnilt at the dam hy Joseph Scott, father of Lawyer W. W. S<-..tI. Ill l.Stn the company sold $l(Ml.(KKi of lionds. The lioiKlhuldcrs foreclosed their niortgace in ISChi. and the proiHTly was sold to I-^hvard .T. ('. Atterlinry. The company was n-or;.Miii7.ed and the properly conveyed to the stockholders airain. A siH-cial enaliliiiK act was passed on March IS. lSi!4, to accomplish this. By an act of 1S"<» the c pany was au- thorized to issue IhhuIs to the amount of $2riO,(KMl. In 1S71 thi' authorizeil stock issue was increased liy J."itM).(K»t). and in l**?!; the name of the company was chanciil to "The Dundee Water. Power and Land ('onipany." The real ilevelopineiit of the Dniidw section, which t'ives I'lissaic imiHirtance as a nianufacturiii); lity. liejtan when the nuvitratioii projeit was aliandoiied. and the company de- voted its canal to supplyini; water power. To make this jirulit- alile. it was iie<-essary to own the land on the Point, which was in possession of the Ackermans and Vreelands. The far- mers held their luciperty at prices wlii<'h were high for farm lands, and negotiations went on for .vears. lint in ISlil the company tinally solil the property for $14.IKKI. It has heeii .solil for mill and home sites, and is iii>w worth millions. The mill-sites iisuall.v carry with them a s|iecilieil water power, which was once tin- ino.st valiialile asset, liiit since all the factories now lely princlpall.v iiii llicir sicaiii plants it is hecoming less vahialile. The Krsi factor.v t rectcil upon the Dundee Coinpany's lanil to use the water power of the canal was the Star Foundry and ■Machine Coiiipany, which was incor]Hirated March IS. l.S.")!(, lo make anvils. The mill was a small hrick Imildiiig. one story high, anil K. .1. <". .Vtterliiiiy. presiilcnt of the IMinilee ("oni- pany. was the principal owicr. It slnod at Passaic street and the canal. The N'l-w York Helling and Packing t'onipany now own-' the site. The liiisiness was not successful, and aliout ISiM! the company went out of business. The New York Steam Kngiiie \Vorks was next erected. It made large eastings and tiirni-d out tiwds for various trades in large ipiaiitities. At one time it employed ."MHl skilled and highly paid wurkineii. and was the iirincipal industry in tlir town. It met with levcrses. how- ever. !U thi> jiaiiii- of 1S73 and closed down iiermanently. One of the few of its employees who remained in Passaic is Daniel De Vries, the Dundee machinist. Another early industry, since defunct, was the paiier mill erected by one Coudit and others of Jersey City, where the Waterhouse mill now stands. The building was purchased by the Dundt>e Company, which sol.l it to the Waterhouse Brothers in ISilT. It was biinit down in 18»il). The history of e.\isting nianul'acturing establishments will lie found under a separate heading, and an account of the Dundee (^"onipany 's railroad scheme will be given in the chap- ter on ■'Itailroads." iinniediately following this. THE WKASKl. HKOOK. It will be Well to preserve all that is known respecting the brook that turned the wheels of .some of the first mills in Ac- (inackanonk, and is now disappearing before the march of iniproveineuts. It rises in a spring in the Weasel Mountain, on the farm formerly of Ricard Compton, and flows eastward to the Morri.s Canal, which crosses it near Richtield. The canal is fed in part by Deep Brook, which before its coming feuiidee Drive, still known by that name in Clifton, and tu the patent of land lying between Clifton and Lakeview fnim the river te the mountain. The brook marked the bomidary of the two plots of land containi'd in the Point P.Ueni of 1i;n4. v^fe5adi>d on trucks and taken to a l)arn which stood where Speer's market now is. at the northwest corner of Main avenue and Pros|)ect street. The corner was then occupied by Patrick Hogan's boarding house, which had been a teuipcrancc hotel for several .vears previous, and was then lodging tlie mechanics and laborers engaged in building the railroad. Tlic cars were put in Hogan"s barn to be admired b.v liuiulnMls. Tlii'v were almost as large as the cars of the present day. but the .seats ran back to back through the centre, so that the passengers sat gazing out on either side. The coaches were p:iintcd reel. THE ERIE MAIN DEPOT. DII.WVN KV -FI-EKT .\.\Ii tiKNTI.K llOUSKS." Only one section of the raili-o.id — from Passaic to Paterson -had been built, but trains began to niii regularly early in .luue. with horses as the loioinotive power. I'or two years it was merely a horse-car line. Yet it was a great curiosity. The first trip was witnessed by great crowds of people, who hail come from as far away as Sussex County to witness the scene. Not only were the cars crowded inside and out, platforms and steps, but the roofs were covered with boys and men. A con- temporary account says that "eight fleet and gentle horses with their careful drivers" pulled each car. The trip was a success. The enterprise was laum-hed under favorable auspices, and from that .lay to this cars have never ceasese and retnrn the same eveninir." The same newspaper, on .luiic L'l. printed the following: — ""By .111 ailvcrtisemeni in the Paterson liiti-Uigencer we Itririi that the Co. now have three cars ruiiniiig on the rail- road, between Paterson and Aciinackanonk. leaving eaih place si-\ times a day. the fare is but IN ^-ents c;ich \\a.v. and llu^se who feel anxious to try this mode of traveling, have now an easy and cheap opportiinit.v of gratifying their curiosity. ■"If all the cars are as well adapted for the ease and i-om- fort of the occupants, as the one which we saw a day or tw". "In pi"a<'tical operation within HI miles of the lity of N.>w York. ""The Paterson and Hudson Kiver ICailroail is t"orinen to the village of Acqiiackanonk. a dis- tance of 4^4 miles, and is now in actual and successful opera- tion. The <-ompaiiy have placed upon the roail thn^e splendid and commodious cars, each of which will ai'comiiUKlate at least o'l passengers, and have supplied thiMnsidvcs with fleet and g< ntle horses. :ind careful ilriveis. With a view to suit the con- venience of those iM'rsons who may wis(i to avail them.sclves 68 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. of Iliiis rapiil iimi ili-ligbtfiil iiumIi- nl iiiiv.-liii;:. tilt- folluwiii}; hijiirs li;ivi' lii-cn fixtil for leaving those plaees: — I'atersoii at 7 10 12 :i 4 5:4."! (>. 7.:5(» Smiilay> 1) 12. .Veiniaekaiioiik at 8 1(»:30 12:45 3:.3() 5 0:30 S.30 !».30 1.30 i;. 7.:;(i 0.30 "Fare re|., cents. Cliililieii iiiuler 12 years liall" priee. As tlio road is nitliin lo miles of Ilohoken ami .Jersey City anil it. of the to\vn of Newark, it will afforil an easy and elieap opportunity i>f witnessing its advauei'inent ami will fa- eililate the eoinninnieation lietween llu' town of I'aterson and the city of New York. The prI. liy Horses New York by .Jersey City ferry at .■);/ o'clock A. M. by Horses S" o'clock .\. -M. by Si. am 11^ o'clock A. M. by Steam 3 o'clock P. il. by Horses (jJ4 o'eloek P. M. by Steam On Sundays I'aterson at New York ay, o'clock A. -M. by Steam Sy^ o'clock p. il. by Horses .■) o'clock p. M. by Steam .s o'clock A. M. by Steam i)i/^ o'clock A. M. by Horses Ot4 o'clock P. M. by Steam Oltice in Paterson corner of Congress ami JIain streets opposite "Congress House." Otlice in New York No. 7.") Cortland street Passengeis with tickets will have a preference in seats. Fare from .Jersey city .~iO cents Transportation cars will also ply three times a day each way .\s the Ferry-boats do not leave New Y'ork precisely at the above times it is recommemled to passengers to procure their tickets and to be at the Ferry a few minutes before the staleil hour of departure. Patrick Coughlin .\geiit in New York I'aliTs.iii .lune IS, IS.'i.'i I'aterson and New York Itailroad Line A\'inter Arrangement 1836 Ilour.s from New York At 8iX o'clock A. -M. 11 o'clock .\. .M. 1% o'cliuk I'. M. 4 o'clock P. M. Hours from Paterson -Vt 7^4 o'clock A. M. 101,4 o'clock A. M. 1 o'clock P. M. 314 o'clock P. M. Ticket otHce 7.") Courtlandt street Tickets for car .V. with three apartments limited to S per- son in each apartment six shillings For other cars five sliilliugs Ollice in Paterson opposite Yan -Vntwerp hotel .\11 passengers from New Y'ork or Paterson will be re- iiuired to jirocure tickets and to occupy seats in the cars ac- i( I'ding to the directions of their tickets and it is recommended to passengers in New York to jiinchase their tickets ami to be at the Ferry at li'ast ."> minutes before the stated hour of de- parture. I'atriik Coughlin .Vgt in New Y(nk. Tin- names of the stations between Paterson and .li'i'sey City were !is follows: Ackerman's Line (now Clifton). .Vcipiack- anonk (no'.v I'assaic). Boiling Springs (now Carlton Ililli. and Secaucns. For- over thirty years the Erie Itailrn.-nl enjoyed the monopoly of all the railroad business to and from Pa.s- saie. There was no competition. Even the river ceased to be nseil for freight, except in a small way. Before the railroad was built various men bad .duceiveil the idea of construct- ing our pres.Mit Dundee Canal, with locks, thereby making the river navigable to I'aterson. But the coming of the railroad kilU'd luivigation, and the enterprise did not materialize until IS."!!*. It was never a beiu'tit to navigation, but thi-re are still dreams in I'aterson of a ilay when the cimnty seat shall be a bristling seaport and transatlantic steamers shall anchor off the West street bridge. In 18tfcS-70 the Delaware. Lackawanna and Western Railroad constructed its Boonton branch through Pa.ssaie. Because of the lack of freipient passenger trains it has bci-n a failure in respect to passenger trallic. and more THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 69 III' ;i hiiiili'iuici' llwiii a liciu'lil: I'lir, li.nl iiii,\ oih. r iimiI mciipicd ihi' Mi'M. it iiiifrlil liavc ciiti'n'd in tli.ii liraiirh .ii llic Imsiiii'ss, tlu'l'i'b.v liuililiiiK U|( the si'dimi tlii'ciiiKli vvliirli till' yit-.ul runs. Then- nrc liopcs that tins will yi't lir rcmcilicd. Tlio i-oinimiiy liJls cnjoycil :l l';ii|- sll:in' nl' llii' liM'i;.'lll Ipllsilii'ss. Iliiwl'VIT. which hiis iniplialily iiiciri' iIl.lil paiil iliciii (nv \\\v luss iif pas- scMKi'r trallii-. ll lias I'uriiislicd fac-ililics fiii' several lar^'e fai-ti>ries in that si'i-lifii. 'Pile r.i^siii- .mil New Viirk Kailruail, exteniliiiir rroiii llie ciirner nl' Kssex and First streets. I>nndee. ti> the main line of the Siisipiehanna and Western Uailriiad In Bi-r^en Cunnty. WHS eonstrneti'd in LSSCi. The linsinoss of this little road. sciirecl.v two miles lontr. is exelnsively in eiial and lrei}.'ht. The p.MssenKer Imsiness iieM r .■niiiinnied to iiiiuli, and when the Krie ahsorlieil the Siisnueli;iiiii;i, in l.SDS. it diseontinned 1 he passenger serviee. The P.eri;eii and Dundee K.iilroad is simply a liraneh of till lOrie's Heiu'eii ('oiiiily lii-.inrli. and extends fioni the mills in Dundee to (iarlield, alioni one mile. Only frei;;ht ami eoal for the mills are earided over it. No p.issennpr bnsiness what- o\er is done. For many years previous to the eonstrnetion of these two last roads, it was the iiiti'iilion of the Diiiidee Mannfaeturiiii; Company to eonstriiet .-i spin* from the main line of the Erie. « lure the present m.iiii depot is. to near the lorner of Monroe street and l.exiiifiton avenue, aloiif; Jlonroe street to Colnin- liia aveiine, tlienee enrving to the ri^ht to the sonth side of Wjilson's Bleaehery ami tlienee to the eanal hank. The eoin- paiiy even went so far as to Imy all the necessary land he- tweeii the Krie Itailroad and Lexington avenne. sonth of the property of .Iudi.'e lleiiry I'. Sinimons. and had made ap|iliea tion to the court to have eoniniissioners aii|iointeil to award liiiii il.-iiii,-i(.'es for the land it desired to t.ake from him. The .liid^'e olijeiled oil m'lieral pi-iiiciples, .111(1. liliiii; his protest with the eonrt. pre|iai-ed for a legal battle. The com- pany continued to tr.\ in every way to get his consent, but was nusucce.ssful, and i-allicr th.aii spend money in litigation for an iniiirovenient which would have been of little, if any. benefit to it, abandoned the projeit. although it had secured the right of way for at Ic.ist three-fourths of the rest of the route, over which the company had begiin to build. For iii- slance. on the Vreeland farm, owned then by Samuel W. Tor- rev iwlio. by the w.iy. was the sccrctaix (if the comiianyl. the roadbed was constructed on an embanUmeiit. hlled in to a licight of ,it least ten feet for a long distance over the Held company would bnihi a freight pliitrnrni anil deliver liiiii hi.s freight at a reduci'd price. lOvideiices of llie contemplated road are still in ■■xislence along its ronie. THE PROSPECT STREET DEPOT. east of f'oltiiiibi.i avenue and south of .Monroe street. The eemptiny had made an arrangeiiient with .Tohn Watson to the (dTcct that, in consiileratioii of his grantiie-' .i right of way. the THE HARRISON STREET DEl-uT. K.\i;i,V STltKF.T CAR LINKS FIK MF.CTKD. In l.sc.r, -Hid ].S(i7 acts were passed incorporating the Saddle Uiver Iloise Car Kailroad Company, authorized to build .i r.iilroad along the Uiver road in Kergen County, from the present (iartield to I'aterson. The line was never built. In ISd!) the Passaic Horse Car Kailroad Coinjtany secured legislative authority to <(instruct a street railwa.v to Pater- son. The Lodi Horse Car Company was incor|«irated in 1H70 and 1873 to eon.struct a line from Passaic to Lodi. Neither of these were ever built. FIKST TItULI.FV I. INF IN TUF STATF. Passaic's first .street-car line, which was also its first trolley line, and. li,v a few weeks, the first trolley line in the State, was started in 1SS7 and completed in ISSS. Clnirles U. Newman. sii|ieriiitendent of the lire .ilariii. was the first man to start the power in a trolley car in .New .lerse.v. The crew of the first car that made a regular trip consisted of former Council- man Kdward Ilogan. inotoianan, and Policeman .John N. Meade, conductor. I-'ormer Mayor AA'alston Ii. Hrown was the moviug spirit in the enteriirise, which had been incorporated as the Passaic, Cliftiui and (Jarliidd Electric IJailway Com- pany. It ran cars from the (Jartiehl Bridge to the city limits at Clifton, where it was stu<'k for a year, because unable to get Judge Seba Bogort's consent to let it i>ass by his property. Finally it was extended to the hotel at LaUeview, then kept by ■■(bivernor" Phil Mace. Here it met the Paterson horse car tracks, then just accniired by Oarret A. Iloliert and others. They are said lo have paid .fl.lKMi.lHMl for the old horse car lines of Paterson. In a year or two they transformed them all to trolley lines at great expense, and absorbed the I'assaic, Garfield and Clifton line. The consolidated road was chris- ti'ued the Paterson Itaihvay Company. The old cars on both roails had been p.iiiitcd yellow. The new ones were all painted a more durable dark red. and Passaic people called it the "Ued Line" on this account. This was due to the fact that the Passaic, Paterson and Unllierford line had been built early in the niueties, and it had whiti' and "Team colored ears, which caused it to be dubbed the "While Line" for the sake of easy distinction. To prove the power of popular impulse in this di- rection, the Wliite I,ine Traction Comiiaiiy was adopted in the summer of ISilS as the legal name of the latter system, which was reoriranized then. TIIF CO.MlNi; Ol' OI'IIFI; TUOLLFY LINES, What is now the White Line was put through Passaic only afler bitter opposition, which was overcome liy various nietli- oils. It secured a franchise through Monroe and Second streets, 70 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC jiImi. intcmliii): lliis spur t" ia|> Iliiiiilcc iiikI tlic Bntiiiiy ilis- tKct. cross ilic rivor aiul cimiiert with tlif iiiaiii line in Wnl- lliiKtiMi. TIk- trucks were Itiiil simip years after, liiit tlii- Wnl- liiictiiti |M'i>|ilf n-fiisi- lo jrivc an aililitiunal frani-liisc witlmiit Im int' well imiil fur il. Tlic Wliitc Liiii- was liiiaiiccU in the ways traili'ional to eleitrie railrnails. The Patt rsmi In Kiith- erf'M'iI iHirtinii was I'onsiiliil.iteil with llie Kiitlierfuril. .leisey City anil lInlHiken Line as the New Jersey Khitrie IJailway 4'iini|iuMy. Tlieri. in 1.S!I7. il went iiil" ihe hands of a receiver, liciiic nnalih' to pay interest on its heavy ImiiiiI issncs. The KUiall stockholihTs anil one set of l>onilliolilers were frozen .S-_'. It contained all the settlements "hetween the west side of llackensack Itiver .ami the partition line hetween WoodhridKc and Elizalietlitown. and extended westward ami northward to the lltIn(^st honnd of the province." The lines were chauficd in 17(i!l-171ii "to hcfrin at the Rahwa.v River where it falls into the Souml. .■iiid rnitnins thence up said river to Robinson's branch: thence west to the division line between the eastern and western divisions, ami so follow said division line to I'eiinannock River, where it meets the Passaic River; thence down the Passaic River to the bay ami Sonnd: thence where it bejian." Acipiackanoid< cut a very small figure in Essex Cnniitv .ami .-ill of its residents who nlilained any politi- cal prominemc have been mentioned. The township of Aequaekanonk was createil in l(ii)8. It "iiu-liided all the land on Pissaick river above the Third river ami from the month of the said 'Hiird River northwest to the partition line of the Province, inclndiMK also all the land in New Barbados Neck; betwixt Hackensack and Pissaick river: and theni-e to the partition line of the I'rovince." From the original township have been taken part of the city of Pater- son as far south as Crooks avenue, the township of Little Falls and the <-ity of T'assaic. Its present area is about twelve square miles. I'assaii' ('i>iinty was formed on l'"cbruary 7, l.S;{7, from parts of the counties of Essex ami Kcrgen. .\c(iuackauonk town and township and parts of Patersoii. which had been cut off from .Vci|uackanonk in 1831 under the name of Paterson township, were Essex County's coutributi(m to the new town- ship. The population of the county at that time was oidy 20.()(M). Paterson. with scant lll.lHM* people, became the county seat. The census of 1!Hiil will prrdiably show that the county has IT.'i.iMKi population. With the affairs of the county this history will not deal, cxi-ept to give ;i list of Passaic represen- tatives in the county government. It is curious to note that when till iinty was organized, and until the Slate Consti- tution of 1.S44 was adopted, only freeholders could vote. The old Constitution provided that each voti'r should be "of full age and worth hfty pounds proclamation money, clear estate ill the same, .ind have resided in the county twelve months prei-eding the eleitiou." .\t that time .Justices of the Peace ami .Judges and Clerks of the Courts of Common Pleas were chosen in joint li-gislative session. The act organizing the county went into effect April 11. l.S.'J7. Passaic got along iiiidiT the old towr.sliiii governineiit for more tlnin a century and a lialf. The population of the town- ship was still siiiiill. less rhan 4., and rented the only vacant house from Dr. .1. M. Howe, where the llowi' block now stands. In l.StH-tS he bought a large iiortion oi ilic \'aii Wagoner farm, extending from Pros- pect stnit to Paulison avenue, and from ISIoomfield avenue south to till' I'.rie Railroad. He iuiproveil it right away. The first strei'l he laid out was (iregory avenue, named after Dud- ley S. (Jregory. It ran through corn and potato fields. Next came Pennington and Passaic avenues and Kiver street, non- Park place. He built houses and brought settlers here, agi- tated Icir liett.'r scluKjls. which did not come until 1870: or- ganized the Aciinackanonk Water Company, and started an era of improvements generall.v. The Passaic (ias Light Company was already in existence. It had been organized as early as l.Sl!4 with a capital of .'<.">l».iiu(l. The first otficers. who were also the principal stock- holders, were: Abel Horton, president: Captain K. B. Tindall, seirelary: Robert Foitlds, (Jeorge W. I>einarest. George B. Walerhouse and 1. S. \'an Keiisen. I'"or the first five years the plant was lease«I to the late George Denhohn, who op- erated it. The priie of gas was .$4 a thousand feet. In 1874 Edo Kip and .loliii .V. Willett acquired a great deal of the 72 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. sloik, and iiicr.-iiscJ tUcir lujldiiife's stiM'lily. Tlu- caiiital was iiK-n-ust-d t.i $1(M|.(MH|. and in 1SK4 an i-ntin-ly new plant for tile niiinnfai-tiirc »t wntoi-gas was installed. BK<;iNNIN<;S OF THK VILLACK GOVICK.S.MKNT. The same iieiiple wliit iippesod a new uaine luoked askance at these Kteps. They eoiiM neit be dissuaded from staiidiiiB as niiieh .'IS piissilile in the path of |ir»jrress, and under the t4iwnship ;;overnnient there was no way of couipellinB them to make imprcivenients. Mr. I'aulison. who at that time was prominent in Stale politii-s. had a law passeil on Mareh 27, ]8«>i;. (rlviuK the inhabitants of the village of I'assaie authority to lay siilewalks. The lioundaries of the villase were set off as follows: ComineneiiiK at the river at Passaie Bridu'e, alony the Krie Railroad to Lafayette avenue, theneo to Bloointield avenue, thenee to a point on Main avenue IfK) feet north of the Simmons li estead. thence easterly and throu«h Madison street to the river. This conslituti'S only a small portion of the present city. The villaKe was just lie;:innin^ to see its future. The ef- fect of the Dundee (Vmpany's canal enterprise was liecinniii^ to he felt. Alfred Speer had erected the first brick building' in the i-ity, his wine warehouse on Main avenue. Mr. I'auli- son had written a pamphlet showinj; the advantages of I'as- saie as a place of residence, and circulated it extensively aniiHii; his friends in New York, and the tirst of the new Keneralion of si-ttlers were arriving. A local writer in the l'ati>rson (.Juardian at this time thus gress. which, if continued for a few years, will mak4> it one of the most important towns in the Stale. The 4.xtensive l)undi-e works, wlien fully deviOoped, will be siif- Hi'ienl to secure a permanent advancement of the material in- terests of the place: but, aside from these, there is a spirit among the people akin to that of sonn- of those Western towns that have sprung into e.visti'iice. " '.Vs friHn the stroke of an <'nchanter"s waml." "In harmony with this progressive spirit, a movement to sei'ure the incorporation of the town by the Legislature has been recently inaiignratol, and a public meeting of the citi- zi-ns is to be held this week, when, it is presumeil. detinile • action will be taken to iiriH-ure the reiiuisile legal organization lo elect a board of supervisors or borough ollicers. Nearly all tile pro|»'rt.'-owncrs .ire in favor of the eslalilishmeiit of some irganizaliiiM o| this charadi'r, ami ver.v little, if any, opposition to the project is anticijiated." The article then says that several new houses are Ix-ing eriM-ted on the I'auliMiu trad and that "it is stated that fifteen more buildings are to be begun iluring the coming spring." It is princi|>ally ilevoted. however, to a descriptimi of "a new hotel, now in course of conslrilction by Mr. .\lfred Speer. wliii-h will iMM^onii a material ornament to Ihe town." This is the Spei'r wine warehouse, above alluded to. The citizens of the village, feeling that -Mr. Sj r had performeil a highly credit- able work, hail presented him with a large Mag cm the preced- ing Saturday evening, 'llie Hag was procured by Aaron Van Iderstiin", who suggesteil the presentation, and presented by Ihe late ,ludge .lann-s .V. Norton, pr>-sidenl i>f the Literary So- cii-ly. in a sp(.ei-h describeil as highly patriotic. .Mr. Sped- m.idc an appropriate response, in whiidi he said; — "I have always ihoiight that I'assaie shoulil not only be the resurt for ciiy nHichanls and bankers, ihc depot for l"at- erson lumber, but that it should also be the principal ile|iot for other merchandise and the great manufaituring centre of tin- Slate. It depenils no| so much upon capital as u|M>n the iminstry. eiuTgy ami peiseverame of its inhabitants. These ar<' sure to bring suicess. We may have g I buildings, good sidewalks, stnvl lights, police ami all the regulalions of a tirsl-class town." Mr. Spi'er was in Ihe front rank of the progressive party. lie was elei'leil the lirsi Superinlendeni of Slrii-ls. and three landowners, Hr. li. .\. Terhuiu'. Williani S. Aiulersuu and .Ii'hii T. Van Iderstine. were elected Commissioners under tlu' act of LSiiC. These four men gr.ided streets and laid live miles of sidewalks at their own expense, trusting to the taxpayers to subsequently reimburse tuein, the act not being thoroughly effective. Tlio law was amended on March ". 1807. while on April 2, 18G8, another act was passed, by which five free- li(dders were to be elected, to be known as the "Board i>r Coininissioners of Passaic. ' These laws, however, did not answer the required purposes, so the newcomers secured, mi -March 10, ISljO, the passage of an act entitled "An act to incorporate the village of Passaic." THE I'IKST \ ll.I.AliK (Jt (VKItNMKNT. The first village election was held .\pril 12. IMl'.t. and O. 1). Baldwin was elected President. The (Vniucil consisted of Daniel Demarest and Benjamin S. AA'atson for the First Dis- trict, or Ward. George W. Conkling and Hiram M. Herrick. Second District, and B. B. Ayerigg and George McLean. Third District. Mr. Baldwin, then one of the leading villagers. si«.n after left Passaic. He was successively president of the Fourtli National Bank of New York and vice-president of the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association. The Council met to organize on .\pril 24 in Henry Mar- sellus" real estate office, on Washington place. This was the historic "Eel-pot." first of the name. Mr. Mai-sellus. the "Boss"' Marsellus of Garfield, was the "Boss Eel," and his ollico was the centre of political and business activity, the exchange for real estate, horses, news and jokes, and a social I lub as well as a mart. The village scheme had been boru there, and naturally the new governmeut met there at first. The Council soon rented rooms in Slieer's Hall, at Market Si;uare. over Dr. Raiideriences in Passiiic relates to his taking part in the first, or one of the first, Republicau primaries held in Passaic. The Democrats undertook to break it up. The.v rushed in. knocked over the lights, and the Republicans jumped out of the windows. Dr. R. A. Terhuiie was tin- second President of the village, being elected in 1S7(I. .loliii T. \'an Iderstine. Samuel B. Frills and I»r. Kenworthy succeeded Messrs. Watson, (\mkling and Herrick. the other Councilmen being re-elected. Dr. Keii- worth.v was a retiii'd physician, who had served a year as Street Superinlendeni. He practici'd occasionally, and had a reputalion for either killing or curing his patients. He estab- lished Ihe greeiihou.ses on the Plank road in Bergen County. >lill conducted by .lulius Roehrs of East Rutherford. He also built the so-called Van Deiisen house in tJregory avenue, now owned by Henry Meyers. This, with its beautiful grounds, crowded with rare Howers, was one of Ihe show places of the town. His love lor Howers was one of thi' inconsisleniies of a r« ugh-and-ready character. Dr. Kenworthy was hard-swear- ing. fiery-lemiM'red, and expressed himself in terms too vig- DR. R. A. TERHUNE. Last Villuete President an. I First Mayor. OR. BENJAMIN B. AYCRIGG. Second Mayur Mfllit^ciiv THE NEWS- HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 75 iiruii> t.i 111' i|nni4'cl |.n'iis<-ly Ihtc. On mic occasiuii. al ii I'miii- i-il iiicctiiiK. simif rciiiiirk fn>iii :i Iprothcr ii ihci- liimiulit liiiii to his feet in a towiTinc ratri'. "Ky (i 1" he shouted, shnkiii); his list at the ofrrinli-i-, "I ivish thci-o was no hiw in New .(erscy. I wisli that wln^n a man insnits nii' I roulil lianinni' the life out iif liini." 'I'Ih' otticlal Miiniiles of ihe proiii'ilinKs of the ("onmil of \\ liiili Ur. Kenwortliy was a uienilier I'ail to recoiil really iii- tefeslin;; oeeiiiienees lil. l.STll. He was succeeded by S. F. Hocart. lie is prolialdy now in Florida, if liviiif;. Mr. Newell continued in lie \illaj;e Clerk. Caplain William Chirk was 'IVcasurer, "Mayor" (iilliert I). Bo);art Street Su- perintendent and .lames I^. Smith Surveyor. A Cidlector of As- sessments was appointeil in ilie person nf H. M. Ilerrick. Ta.ves continuiHl to l)e paid to the Township Treasurer, who at this time was .1. ('. Marsellus of I'assaie. Mr. Van Houten. ami Captain Clark at first, drew no salary as Village 'I>easnrer. hut finally .1 small salary was paid, because Mr. Clark was compelled to make ;; 1 small expenses from his own pocket. 'I'he Clerk and Street Superintendent received .$:!IMI a year each. There is no mention of a Corporation Counsel at first. .Tudfie Torrnni'e was occasionally consulted for a while. The ]iiiii- line's of the Council .'it this time are ni;iiidy ile- voteil to street improvements and wranclinj; over special otli- eers or policemen. 'I'hese were put on and off. nominafeil and rtjecteil, their pay and duties fixed and altered with fireat regularity. The vill.age charter was still unsatisfactory, and on March 21. I.STI. the I.e^rislature amended it, enlarged the limits to the present dimensions, and set it off from the township. The number of Councilnien was iiKieased from six to nine. .\1 this time the population of tlie village was about :?..S(MI. The etnsus of l.S7(f does not give tin' population of Passaic sep- al ately. bnl states the population of Acquackanonk township at 4.."(!S. In the State census of 187."i I'assaie liad 4..SS:i peo- ple and the township l.li."!! people, while in ISSO the city had (i..>jL' and thi' township 1.7S2 peop'.e. IMainly. then, the popu- lation of Aci|uackanonk township, outside of Passaic, must have liien nearly stationary for many years. A fair estimate of its population in 1.S70 would be 1..500. which number taken from 4.y(J.S. the figures for the entire township, would leave U.StiS for Passaic. The census »f 18!M) gave I'assaie IS.lfJS IH'ople. the State census of 180.J 17.S!)S, while it is estimatid that in liMKt the figures will be about •_'.").(I(MI. Dr. Terhnue was elected President in 1S71. The new Council consisted of Messrs. Fritts. McLean and Dr. Aycrigg. re-eh'cted. and Thomas K. Watson. Adrian Hopper, .lonathan B. Thurston, George \V. Demanst. .l.ilin T. Van Iderstine and W. S. Cuiterrez. Mr. Watson heri' appears for the first time in the village government, so that his public service already covers a perio.l of twenty-eight years. The election had lu-en held at the .lohii A'. Kyerson Hotel, and Captain W. .1. Fidger, the proprietor, sent in a bill for .$:{ll for the use of the Inmse and "also dinners." .loseph B. Knight was made Sirei't Superintendent, and in less than a month .Mr. Watson pre- ferred charges of neglect of duly against him. and he was re- moved from office without a hearing. It seems to have been a political move. f(n- Treasurer Clark. Surveyor Smith ami Legal Adviser Albert Cotnstock .ost their official heads, too. Conncihuan Van Merstine had previously indulged in some charges of i-orruption against the last Coiimil and village of- ficials, and alleged that non-members controlled all proceedings. This seems to have bwn aimed against Messrs. Clark anil Comstock. A motion for an investigation was lost. President Terlinm- subinitled a lew li>i i.f i.llicials. all of whom were voteil ilown, and tinally W. H. Tice was iiiadi- Street Snperin- leiident and Messrs. Smilli and Chirk were re-elected Surveyor and Treasurer by th<' Council which voted iheiii down. There seems to have been siii-h a tiling as wire-pulling in the lively politics of the dn.v. The village made an aKi-eement early in l.''7"J to buy the old Mellnxlist Church for .$.S.(HI(» for ii City Hall. .V lonlract to enlarge and remodel it at :i cost of .Sl!.L''J"i was givi'ii out on .\pril liil. Dr. Terhiine was re-eleiled Presidenl for the third and last time in IS'H. Henry Frain. B. F. Popple, .1. Morgan Howe. (Jilbert I). Bogart and .lohn S. Coiikling were the new members, while Watson, Van Iderstine, Demarest and Aycrigg were the old meiiibers re-elooted. A I..icense Commission, con- sisting of I'eter Malloy, Demarest IIopiH'r and Kli W. Voii- dersmith. appears for the first time. It was electeil under u newly adopted law. Mr. M.illoy did not agree with his cidleagnes and resigned. .1. H. Knighl was elected Collector, .T. C. Marsidlus and D. .1. Fox Cerly. and at the conclusion a resolution holding him blameless was inlrodiiced by Councilman Howe. Jlr. Clark's opponents refused to pass it. laying it over in- definitely by a vote of '> to 4. During this year the village contracted for 3.'{ lire hydrants al .$.'>0 a year and ."iU gas lamps at .$411 a year, the lamps to be lit iiiily nil a moonlight schedule. The meeting room was moved to Siiiplisliey the arts of Maieh 24. 1S74. ami April !•. 187.">. coiistitntes the eity eharler. It has been affeeteil liy iiiaiiy other snlisiMpient lecis- lative measures. siH-eial and geiuTal, Imt. in the main, its pro- visions still apply. Dr. R. A. Terhiine is nsnally eonsidered the first Mayor of the eity. He was President of the Villas-'e (iMimil when the charter was granted and ser\-ed as Mayor until Hr. Benjamin B. Aycrigp was elected. At till- first charter election Ur. Ayerigg was chosen Mayor, and the followiii); C'oiincilmen were elected: John S. Coiiklin. Henry Frain. .1. Morgan Howe. Ceorge McLean. Pe- ter Malloy. Benjamin F. Popple. U. Bnrnelt Smith. Levi B. Si'amaii ami Thomas It. Watson, nine in all. The following city ollicials witc nominated at the organization meeting of the C'omicil, on .\iiril 21. 1.S73. and conlirmeil later: .Inliii I •in fiis. City rierk; (Jeorge W. Coiikling. Snperiiitiinlciil of Sireels; Thomas M. Mooie. City Connsel; .\I. .\. SntlicrlMiid. City Surveyor: E. A. Halsted. City Treasnrer: A. K. Miller. Poiinilmaster. Tliere was no City Physician at tirst, but Dr. It. .\. Terhiiiie eared for the city's sick ixMir. Credentials were priseiili'd liy the following olhcers chosen at the charter elec- tion: John T. Van Iderstlne. .\ssessor: Daniel DcmaresI ami Joseph Adams. Chosen Fleehidders: Joseph B. Knight, Col- liM tor of Taxes: Edo Kip and J. C. Marselhis. Commissioners nf Appeals: Edward Morrell. Washington H. Harris ami Jidiii H. Conenhoven. Jndges of Election: John Wynne. \V. W. Kose and Angnst White. Constaliles: Fiivleriik Oi'ilislciii. ( Iverseer of till- Poor. At the fii'st nieetiiig W. S. (initerri'Z sent a prolc^i against the seating of (Jeorge W. Coiikling as Councilniaii. Mr. (Jnitcrrez claiming that he was I'lititled to (he seat. The lily was then divided into three wards, the First, in elmliiig what is now the Fourth, and the Second and Third lii-ing as at present. Three Coniicilmen from each ward, elect- ed for terms of one .vear each, constituted the City Council. In l."<.s:{ the term was made three years. The old Methodist Cl.ureli. stamling at Prospect street and Howe avenue, which hail 1 n luirchased liy the \'illage Trustees. Iiecame the City Hall. It was also lire headi|narters. and an addition was liiiill to accommoilate llie police and the City Cli-rk. The hiiilding was used as a City Hall until the present structure was ready for occupancy, in 1S!I2. It was then reserved for cakewalks and primaries. e.\eepl on Sundays, when ;i Holland congre- gation wiirsliippcd thi-re. until 1S!I7. wluii ii was imii down to make room for the new Municipal ISnildiiig. The nnlv pic- lure of il in existence is given hero. i:ai;i.v hoimjs m- riii: i n v lAiiiints. .Many inlcrcsiing lads have I n gh'aiicd fioni the minutes fin- till- first year, (die of the- Hrst acts of the new Conni-il was to offer a standing reward of Join) for the eonvietion of iii- cemliaries. The total valuations were ie|>orted by Assessor \'aii Id.Tsiim- as W.l.si.lini) on August 111. .Mr. Van Merstine cKiiiplained lliat the County Board li.id raised the total to .'<4.:!ilil.illMi, in wliiih he refused to concur. On .Viigust 2."! the Council added .■>7 fin- hydrants to the .'HI already in- slalled. On September 22 the t:ix rale was fixed. It was only tlir.'e-fonrths of 1 per cent. John DufTiis resigned as City Clerk on Oclidier 2". and a wi>ck later .Mii-liael Bienie was appointed to sueceeil him. On the 2ll|li, also, the first bond issue was made. It consisted of $25.0(10 of 10-year improve- iKciit bonds, bearing 7 per cent, interest. The city, sad to say. had difficulty in disposing of them at first. On January 12. 1874. the Finance Committee reported that no bids had been receiveil for them, hut later they were disposed of. The minutes show that on October 20. 1873. a street clean- ing force of two men. one horse and one cart was at work. On Decenibei- in sixty street lights weri' contrmtcd for. al an .•inniial expense of $3.0(Ht. (Dii Jaini.ny I'.l a committee was instructed to purchase a Bible .iml .i Nixon's Digest for the use of the Cit^■ Fathers. (hi I>e<-einber a. 1.S73. a s|iecial meeting was held to take aclion on the death of (I'ouncilman McLean, who had been killed the day before by the blowing down of part of Speer's building at Main avenue and Washington place. The building was then in course' of erectioii, and the corner tower and cupola had bwii put up. Before the work was ((mipleted the wind tore it loose, ami it fell on the sidewalk, crushing Mr. McLean and killing him instantly. Jidin Tyler Vn-eland. .i .-.•irpeiiter. who was working on top of tlie ciiiiol.i. held on diii'ing his Hight through the air, and r.imi' ilewii nnliurt. ^A' iUmH^^I iMflKiJIrd Cs^JiBtEiuj^liyflj ■W««""i« "■^ THE FIRST CITY HALL . 1 ts:^- ! a.'J. Torn down in 1S97. 'I'lie CoMiicil made arrangements to attend the funeral, which «as a large one. John F. Barclay was elected to till the vacancy on December 23. MAVui; AVciMuirs iicirr im; ui: f.i.kc'I'ion. The city made many improvements under Mayor Aycrigg. One of tin St notable was the opening and grading of La- fayette avenue in lS7.'!-74 at a cost of iie.-irly .fl.S.IMMi. Ii was over a mili> long. and. rnnning ihrnn^'li many deep ciils. was the larg 'St imdcM-taking of the sort the city h.-id .ittempled up to th.-il time. A\ the end of his Hrst lenn May.n- .\y. rigg was opposed for re-election by Charles M. K. I'aiilis.ni. The Kepiiblican primary was held in School .No. 1, on Passaic street. John F. KiKiour. then rising to weaith and fame as "the bluest. uie king." presided at the primary. He was al the height of his vigir. and was a resolute Paulison partisiin. .\y- irigg's siipiiiu-ters were unable to mnninate their man. beriiight. and cm election day T. B. Stewart was in the tiidil as a Citizens' i-andidate. Dr. Aycrigg ilefeated both, ami at the end of his second term was elected .1 third time, making six years in all. ^ JOHN A. WILLETT. Fiiurtli Mayor of the City. DR. CHARLES M, HOWE. Fifth and SeventhMayor of ihe City. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 79 (;i:m:i;.\i. si'kxckks iiikki-: tkums as mavui:. (Jiiiif.il IlinI \V. Spt'iK'or was I'lci-ted Mnjor hi IST'.l. :iiin tritlin).' prc>- te.Ms. This was stopped with koimI results. allhoiiKh much de- siralde le{;islalion was barred ont, because every proposed law was general in its efTccts. Accorilinnjly. by act of March 24. J.^Sli. ■ iMtssibilit.v. Hi' wns ;i clean and popular candi- date, ami with incredible energy he put life into a perfunctory and lagging contest. Before the Spencer supiiorters realized il. he was pushing their candidate close for tirst place. When the ilnsi cleared away on idection night. Mayor Siiemer was still in till' saddle, but he had w m by onl.v 23 votes. (Teneral Spencer went into the t'ouucil shortly after the end of his 1(1 ni. anil represented the Third Ward ably from 1885 to 1804. « hen he retired and was apiKiinted an K.\cise Commissioner. remaining one until ihe Board was abolished, in ISD.S. He had been connected with the cit.v government, in one cap.-icily or another, for considerably over twenty years. .M.WIti: Wll.l.KTTS AK.MI.MSTKA TKI.N. i'romineiit men in both parties looked ai'iuml for a suitabli> successor for Mayor Spencer, and a non-partisan c.indidate was selected in .lolm A. Willett, a sterling Democrat, who was elected in ISS.'i on the Ueptiblicaii ticket over thi' late Major .1. 1'.. Ilolfnian. .Mr. Willett si-rved oidy term as Mayor. but on retiring was appointi'd a Trustee of the newl.v or- ganizcjects proposed for his consideration was the renewal of the city water contract. The supply from the canal was deficient both in cpialit.v and pressure. A change to Vreeland's poii.l liad improved Ihe f(M-mer. but not the lat- ter. IJesidents of tlu- liighcr portions of the city complained bitterly of the lack of water. The citizens agitated for a new water sujiply, and a 211-year contr.act was lin:dly executed with the Aciiu:u-kanonk Water Ccanpauy. The company agreed to furnish water from the I'assaie River, above the Creat Falls, nt a satisfa<-tory pressure. It was to be paid f(u- hre hydrants (Ui a sliiling scale running from $4.'* to .$4(1 annually. It agrecil to furnish free all waer for street sprinkling .nml sewer-fiush- ing, and to charge no higher rates to private |'iil:ilit tin- city were ^-riMtiy in- iiiiiic to t. AKiiiii, in 1891, a uon-|>iirtii>iiu nioveint-ut lesnltwl in tlu- c'lii.ifi- i>r a May.ir. Walston R. Bmwn was put in nnniinatinn by a pnlilir |ii-titiiin siencil hy linixlri-ils of voters of hotb paiti<-s. iinil was clci-tiil as a Iti-pnlilii-in. unopposed, ruder .Mayor Brown tlie work of sewering the streets was eoutiuued. .mil the work of nuU'Uiianii/.inu the streets was hecuii on a larce seale. Only a few of the twenty-seven miles of nia- eailain roails were hiiil inevions to his ailuiiuisiratiou. The county laid some eicht miles of mai-ailam. some of it of a very |Mior sort. The eity maeadam was hetter stiifT, This was larcely due to a protraeted and heated eoutesi over the respertive merit.s as road material of trap roi-k from the hills of I'assair County and of limestone from I^msr Island. Both materials had their eliampioiis in the Coiineil and auion;; the eiti/.eiis, and eaeh side tried to show in praeliie the superiority of its ehoseii material. The result was lienetieial. The maead- amiziuK of streets stre! heil over into Mayor MeI.ean's lerui. when the diseiission was frequently renewed. To pay the eily's pri>|M>rlioii of sewer and street improvements, authority was olitaiued from the Lejrislature for the issue of $1.">I).II(II) IkuiiIs. It was followed later l>y an issue of ^KMI.IHMI. These issues eonstitute the priniipal porlion of the eity's delit. By the eharter the delit is limited to S I ■'<■'<.• x "'. whieh was expended for various |>iirposes early in the eity's history. In .Mayor Brown's lirsi administration the new City Hall was ari|iiiri'il. Its slory is told in a suliseipieil iliapter. 'I'liK K.xcnivi; i;i;ii\\ \ si.A!i:i; rA.\ii'Aii;.N. One ait of -Mayor Browns e.MellenI ailuiinistr.iliou sowed the seed of the hottest oolitieal lontest tile nty has known. The term of .lohn .1. Slater as City Treasurer expired in ISllli. anil Harry .Meyers was appointed lo sueiied him. .Mr. .*|iiiintcd William W. Watson .Judge of the court, .ludge Watson selected S. .\. Cl.nk as clerk ami S.nmnl Wein- berger as sergeant-at-arms. The court depriveil liic .liistices of the Peace of their jurisdiction in civil cases, ami in ISilil, I iicoiiraged by the upsetting of the Atlantic City Uistrict Court law as uiicoiistitiitional. tlie.v attacked the Passaic court. The Supreme Court .Insticc who granted the writ of certiorari was .lustice .loiKilliaii IUxoii, He decided that the writ did not act as a stay, but .ludge Watson cIosimI ihe coiul. and announced that he would neither sit nor draw his salary until a decision had been reached. The proceeding is still pending. Mayor M2.') votes cast, ll.i,- nic c ivil .mil iinliii- cal hislory of the city may be closi-d. A I.IS'I OF TllF CITY ( UFK 1 .\ I.S. A list of Ihe village otiicials has already been given in the aecoiint of the village government. To do this, and to ascertain the olticials of the city in the early days, it was uei'cssary to examine several thousand pages of oflicial minutes, mostly nu- indexed. By means of these and the register of officers, which has been kept since 1880, the following list of Councilmen and lirincipal city olticials, the first of its kind, has been compiled:— Mayors— Dr. Benjamin B. .\ycrigg. l.S73-7!t: tieneral Bird W. Silencer, IST'l-S.-,: .J,,lni A. WiMett. IS.S.-,-87: Dr. Charles .M. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 8t lluwr, ISSTIU; \V:iM..ii K. Kiuwii. IS'.ll '.I.".; AimIicu .Mrl.,-nii. lM',)r.-!«l: Dr. Cliiiilcs M. IIowi'. ISlHt (.'li-rks— Thoiims Newell (\illjiKe Clerki, l.S7:i-7:!; John Diif- fns, 187.S: Jllehael Hienic, 187;{-80: .Tniiies A. Norti.ii. WSO-8:}; ■Walter Kiii.li, Iss.-.-S.-; rnuiiis C. Cu^'ai., IKS.-'tl : Kielianl K. Tiiiilall. ISiil Ciilleeliirs •>( Taxes -.Iiisejili 15. Kuit'lii: 1 >aviil ('ami>liell, .li-.. 1.1 LSSil; Leoiiaid L. (Jre.u'. 1 SSi ;-'. Ci ; Albert T. Zal.ris- Uie, IS'Jo- Cimiisels- T. M. .Mome. lS7:!-4-ri. 1.S77; .lames H. Stimteii- Imrt'li. 1.S7IJ-7 and 1,S7.S-S7: <;e.ii^'e 1'. Itiist. I.s.s7-'.t4: .\. Sl.'.iins KiKiour. IS'M: Waltir Kip, IS'l.--!!!): A. I>. Sullivan. l.S!)!)— Tn-asnrers— !■:. K. llaUi.-.l. 1s7:;-7.'.; Uirniu <;. lleiri.k. 187r(-77: Jolin H. I'll. In. 'V. ls77Mi; Ki.hai-.l Oiitwater. l,S.SO-83; Henjaniiii E. Mitli-w. ISSIl S!i; .l,,lii, .1. Shiler. 188!)-!>2: Harry Meyers. 18!>2-!):!: Clnnl.s .\1. \Vil.-..\. l.S!(:{-!)(i; William Mal- ciilni. l.SiMi— ()vers<.ers iiT r.i.u li.ini. I 1 ',■ \ ri.'s. 1SS(I-S1 ; William U. ['..well. t881-8li: ('. I'. Strayer. ISSLMMI; Iticliard V. Crawlinek, 18!«)-!lli: Francis ('. C.i^'an. IS'JL'-!!.-.; Daniel Fiigarty, 1895— SnperinleiuliMits .if Streets — (ieurjre W. ('. inkling. 187:i-7.''i: .leliu I. AekerniJin. 187.''>-78: .Iiilin T. Van l.lerstine. lS7S-7!t; .I.ihn Van Blare.mi. 1S7!I.S0: H. M. l',,st. ls,S(>-,S2: (•.)rnelius Hastii-.nwk, 188:J-S:1; .l.isepli Adams. 188:j-84: I'atriek Metiiiire, 18S4-8.".: I'hineas X. .U'wett. ls,s5-8!(: Frank Kastell. 1889-f»3; Thomas Gibliu, 18!>3— The office of Police .Insticc was not ereate.l nntil 1884, when the late.Iame.s A. Norton was appointed. He received the same fees as had the .Tustices before whom jjrisouers had pre- vionsly been arraigned. He served four years, and was suc- ii'cded by ,Tohii B. Fudney, a kindly old fientlemau, who made the nmst irascible of majiistrates. He was succeeded in ISilO by Kichard Morrell. tlu^n a y.ninf; man. anxious to stmly hu- iiKin naini-e as .'xliiliit.'.l in a p.ili.-c .-.lurl. II.' a.lmits that he learned siimetlilM^. In IMlLi ill.' hit.' l-Mwanl ('. Moore was appointed for two years, ami in IS'.it .lnlm 11. li.iwker. the I'fesent incumbent, was commissioned. He has made a model Folice ,Iustice, and, for a man untrained in the law, he has a j;ooil ;,'rasp .if its principles, li.'si.lcs being a go. id ju.lge of human nature. M. A. Sutherland was tile tiist City Surveyor. He served from 187.'! to ]87.'j. when Stuart I.indsley took his place for two years, to be succeeded by Waller I.. Finch. The next of the early Cit.v Surveyors was Henry Fult.in, who served from 187!) to 1881. He was a crack ritle-shot, and was a member of the victorious American team in several international contests, .lohn Hemion was Survey. ir from 1881 to 1884, and Dr. Rich- .•ir.l A. Terhune from 1.SS4 until 18.S!I. Their acceptance of the .illi.i' .li.l not signifj" any belief that tlu'v were iiualilied t.i Hll ii. but rattier thi'ir fri.'U.lship for tln' late .lohn Salter Sli-anj.'.'. w lio was 111.- .1.' fa.-t.i City Surveyor. He was an Englishman, who i.iul.l n..| bring himself to be naturalized. He was the onl.\' sur\".'y.if in P.assaic for most of his time, and to comply with thi' law. w hi.li .Iocs n.it permit of aliens hoi. ling ollice. his work was .lone nominally as an empl.i.vee .if the .lummy surveyors. When ih.' s.wer s.vstem was being eon structe.l, there was need of a city engineer who had made a stud.v of sewerage iiroblems. ami in 1889 Colin K. Wise was appointi'd. He has held the oltici' .•.intinuously ever since. <'ily physicians, as abii\-.' slated, w.-re not in-ovided f.>r in the charter. The tirst one regularly appointed was Dr. F. H. Uice, who served from 18S;{ to 189;!, when he was succeeded for a short time by Dr. W. H. Carr.dl. and then by Dr. Percy H. Terhune. who served until 1897. when I>r. A. Ward Van Itip.i- was app. tinted. ME.MBEltS ()!■ Till: I TIV COUNCII.. The recor.ls tnun 1S7;; t,i Issii .1., not always stati' the liorli.m .if th.' i-ily from wlii.li C.iiimilmi'U were elect<'.l. an. I (.1 .iMiid .'rr.irs it lias bein llmuglit best to give a separate list .if ill.' niembei^ for that period. altlion$;ti in most ea.ses it is known what wards they represented. Council of 1.S73— .John S. Conklliig. H.-nry Frain. .1. M.u- gaii Howe, tie.irge .Mcl^-an. Henjamiii F. Popple. Peter Malloy. It. Hurnelt Smith, Levi H. Seaman. Th.imas U. Watson. .Tohn F. Barkley. Council ..r 1874— Frnin. MalL.y. Wats..ii, Barkl.y, H. M. -Mkiiison. Clarkson S. Coon, William H. .Ia<-kson, T. B. Stew- art. E.lninnd Speer. Council of 187.">— Speer. .\. .\. A.k.rman. W. II. Harris, Carret Van Iderstlne, Iloberl F.iiil.ls. .\li.l H..iii.n. II. I'. Sim- mons, Levi H. .\ld.ius, .lolin Keiiindl. Council .if 1871;— Foulils. Horlon, Harris, Kennell. Speer. G. D. Hogart. U. Oiitwater. Bir.l W. Spencer, .lames Wright. Council .if 1877 — Bogart, Kennell. Spencer. Si«'er. Popple, .Tacob Bakelaar, I.eroy W. Filkins, ,1. .V. Willetl. Coiiniil of 1.S7S— Poiiple, Spencer, Speer, Will.ll, .\l.lous. Frain, Henry Biegel, Patrick S. Galviii. L. E. Uoiik. Council of 187!>— Galvin. Horton, (ierslioiii Kiisliiig. S. .1. Post, Andrew Fonlds, Charles M. H.iwe. B. B. .Vy.rigg. W. H. Beam, .lohn M. .Morse. A list of members by wards since 18S(l is given iielow. Some names will be found in the same year as representing br.th the First anil Fourth warils. This is due to the partition of the First Ward in 18.S7. The roster for the last twenty years is as follows:— Couueilmen-at-Large— ,Tohn .T. Slater. 189(;-98: E.lwanl W. Gardner. 1898— First Ward— Patrick S, Galvin, 1879-81: S, .1, Post, 1.S79- 81: Washington X. Harris, 1.S80-82; (Jeorge Hettinger. 18S1, 188(5-89; Martin Cost(dlo. 1,881. 1891-9:!: William Burgoyne, 1882-87; George H. .\ckeriiiaii. 18.S2-.S4: Thomas C.igan, 1.8,82- 89; Christian Van Heest, lS,s:!-,S4: William Kuslimer, I.8.8.")- 88; Edward Hogau, 1888-91; .lohn A. Lynch, 1887-89: Timothy Haggerty. 1889-95; Francis McGuire. 1891-94; .Tohn .1. Welsh, 1892, — ; Uobert ,1. Wall, 1894-97: .Tohn .1, Hogan, 1895-98; Owen .T, Punell. 1897-99: Carl H. A. Rice, 1897. — : .I.ilin King. 1899. Secon.l Waril— Ch.ul.s .\I. Il.iwe. 1.S79-.S2: l-"lorence Jla- Imney, 1880-82; Clarkson S. Coon, 1880-8:^; Walter H. Finch. 1881-83: Jloses E. W.irthen 1883-87: Cornelius Van Riper. 188.3-,S5; Thomas I!. Watson, 1885-91: 1899, — : Walston R. Brown, 18SU-89; Nel.soii Stoddard, 1887-90. 1.894-97: George F. Swain. 1889-95: .lames H. Roscoe, 1890-93; William W. S.-ott. 1891-94: Ttichard D. (Jatter, 189:!-9t!; Wats.m A. Bogart. 1895- 98; Hamilton K. Beatty. 1S9(;-99: Kobert M. Off.ir.l. 1897. — : .b.hn II. Dore!iius, 1.898. - 'I'liird Ward -.lohn M. .M.irs.-. Is7;i-S2: William S. Guiter- ri'i!, l.S.S(): Frank T. Newell. l,S.Sll-81: .Viidrew Z. Terlnine, 1.S81- 83: .Tames K. Kimwlden. 1881-80; Edmond Speer, 1882-85: Wickham T. -McCrea. 1883-88; Frank Ivastell, 18.84-87: Bird W. Spencer. 1880-95; I>yinan S. Andrews. 1887-IM); Dr. .John A. Hegeman, 1888-94: William L. Clark, 1.890-93; Cornelius Ke- vitt, 1,893-99; .Tohn A. Parker. 1,S94, — : Edward W. Gardner. 1895-98: Davi.l Greeiilie, 1898. — ; .Matthew (ieene. 1,899. — Fourth AVard— Frederick S. Dates, 1.S87-90: George Ret- tinger, 1.887-89: William Riishiner. 1.887-92: Christian Huber, 18.S8-97; William H. Lord. 1,890-93: Ei. K. .\ T.'rhiiiii'. Dr. F. H. Ui.e. .T.ilin .V. Willett. 82 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. Il.iuy W. Alkiiisiiii iiinl .I;iiin's A. Nnrtiiii. In ISMT .I.isi'|ih Ailiiuis. l)iiiii.-l Ilcimiri-st siiiil .Mirliai-I Kiiijr tk tlii' pla<-i's »t till- last lliri'i'. TliiTi- liavi- hfcii ii-iii-atf'(iiiHiKt« of live iiifiiilifrs: Fri'd K. Uiwi-. pri-sult-iit: Cliarlj-s K. Ilciilioliii. siMT-tar.v;\Villimii V. t!astt>ii. trfasiin-r: (JilliiTt I>. Hiifarl. Tali-ii-k II. I>i-laiii\v anil l>r. Daviil K. Criiiinsc. Tlif • •tliir Krllrcrs arc: AIIhti H. Smith. Hi-alth lusin'ctor: William H. liaviils.iii. IMiimhiiiK liispcilnr: I>r. .1. I'ayiir I.owi'. V<-t- 4'1'iiiarlaii. Till' City Coiimil rrralnl llii' otliii- of Kiiil.liii;.' InsiM-rtur in 1S'.I.S. Altlioii^rli not iiiiiliT till- iliriMticiii of tin- Ili-altli Bnanl. till- liispi'ctiir winks in i-iiiijiini-li>iii with tin- I'liiiiiliiu;; Inspi'c- liir. anil llu-ir olllri-n arc tosi'llii-r. The pii'scMt imiiinlii-iil is I'alrii-k S. MrMalimi. a vi-tcran linilili-r. 'llii' liistur>' I'f •'"' lii'i'usin); power fur tln' last liftciMi years is varii'il. I'lcviuiis In that lime it liail ticfii in tin- haiiils THOMAS GIBLIN. Su[\'l ol SIn-i'ts. ALBERT H. SMITH. Ilcnlth tiiMpt'i'ior. WM. B. DAVIDSON, I'liiiuhiiii.' Inspector. PATRICK McMAHON, IfnildInK tii!«[ii>ru>r. iif till' ('•iiinril. T'liiler an art ••( lS.S."i a rnniinissinn i>r live was eleeleil. eiiiisistiiik; iif S. .1. I'nst. .Inlin .1. Slater. Irving .Vn;;ell. ritlriik S. (Jalvin ami ('. Van Ueesl. Mi-. .ViiKi'll was a tem- pi laiiii- Ki-pillilieaii. whn voteil airainst every lieelise. I'nst anil Slater stimil fur i-arefiil ivstrietioiis ami (Jalviii ami \aii Hei-.st for plenty iif saliions. .\o siile haviiiK a niajnrity. mn- tiiMial i-iiiiipriimisi-s were neiessary to iln any liiisiness al all. Tin- iinseltli-il pnliey was very iinsatisraetnry. The lininir- li-eii liiiik ailvantaice nf these eleinoiils of ilissatisfai'tiiin. ami eleeleil .Iiiliii II. Keiiiiu ami Henry .1. Karle in plan- of IVist ami Kalvin. while Henry K. Keiik ti«>k the plai-e of .Viifell. IteiniL'. Karle ami \'aii lli-<'st issni-il lii-eiises mi a wiile-npen piiliiy. Slater ami Knnk lieiiii; in the mimirity. Salnniis in- i-ri aseil sii rnpiiUy in niimliers. that in 1S!)'J an issue of fewer saloiiiis was miiile, anil .lolin .1. Mowes, .lames N. Fuller ami (J. \V. l-'alslroin wen- elerteil on that platforni. the other mi-m- liers liiiii;.' William L. Kane ami Henry .T. Earle. who favored liberality in >riantiiifr lirenses. The license fee then was .$2.")ll. aiul hif.'h li'cnse was not one of the issues in the canipais;ii. The majority in the Boanl saw tit. however, to raise the fee to .•i.'iOil. with the result that the Boanl was put out of business. The liiiuoriuen took ailvaiitage of a law passed under Governor Abbett's admiiiisii-atioii. and potitioneil for a County Excise Board, ciiinposcd of Patersou men. whi<-h granted new and old licenses rijiht and left at .$2.50. The result was deplorable, sa- loons bcins; planted everywhere. Next year, however there was .'III antidote, and the County Board was succeeded by a body alipointfd by the .ludKc of the Court of Common I'k-as. .Iiistice .lohii Hopper. On .Tune 2S. ].S!»S, Henry l-'rain. .lames K. Knowldcn and Bird W. Spencer took charge of the issniufr .if liieuses. and a moderate jKilii-y once more prevailed. Mr. Knowlden was succeeded by Edward Morrell in IS'.lo. Thomas K. Watson went on the Board in .Tune. ISttS. and a few days .•ifterward ordinances lefrislatiufT the Board out of existence were introduced in the City Council. On account of public pro- tests, they were droiiped until November, when they were I assed. with the idea that legislation allowiiiir the Mayor to .'iiipoint an Excise Commission could be siiuivil. Such a law- failed to pass the lA-gislatinc ol INiiJt. ami tin- liccnsiufr power remains in the Council's hands. Creation of the Board of Assessors. All valuations for taxation purposes were for many years made by assessors elected annually for their several wards. .Vssessmeiit awards for benelits or damages arising from im- lirovements were made by Coiniuissioners spei-iall.v appointed liy the Council. Assemblyman King, in 1801. secured the pa.ssage of the bill known by his name. It provided for the elec- tion of one .\ssessor-at-I.arge by the voters and the appoint- ment of one assessor fiom each ward liy the Mayor. These live constitute a permanent board, having as its duties the l;.\ing of assessed valuations and the assessments of benelits from improvements. The system is vastly better than the old one. because the assessors are picked men. and the make-up of the hoard seldom changes. Ill 18'.ll it consisted of Uilcs S. Or- ciil, at-large: Thomas McMahon. First Ward: William Mal- colm. Second Ward: .Tames T. Boyle. Third Ward, ami Fran- cis C. Cogan. Fiiurth Ward. In 180!l -Mcs.srs. Orcutt. -McMa- hon and Boyle are still members. Mr. Malcolm and Mr. Co- gan Would probably be on the hoard yet. if they had not re- signed, the first to become City Treasurer and the second to accept the otiice of Deputy Collector of Internal Kevenue. William II. Speer now represents the Second Ward and .Varon Wii!e the Fourth. Mr. Orcutt is president and Mr. McMa- hon secretary of the lio;inl. The History of the Police Force. ruder tile old township goveriimeiit the elected constables were the only peace preservers. The village goveriiineiit in 1S71 appointed several siieeial olHcers. among whom seem to have been (Janet Oldis, W. W. Uose and A. E. Miller. At the organization of the first City Council, in .Viiril. 1873. Oldis was appointed the first regular police oHicer. and shortl.v afterward .Tohii .1. Wynne was added to the day force at .$75 a month. .Niiim rmis applications for appoiutment were re- ceived, and CoiKicilmen Wat.son, Howe and JlcI.ean were ap- pointed a Police Committee. They reiMirted on May T2 that the force should not be increased. The first iHilice .station was the old ■■Sentinel" olHce. leased for ifJHI a year from Dr. .lohn Howe. It was used until a brick biiililing was ei-wted at the rear of the City Hall for a imlice sialiiin. This i-onsisted of three n-lls ami a police court. WM. H. SPEER, 2^o WARD. AARON WITTE, 4th WARD. BOARD OF ASSESSORS. GILES S. ORCUTT. AT-LARGE. THOMAS McMAHON, 1st WARD. JAMES T. BOYLE, 3rd WARD. A. T. ZABRISKIE, Tiix tolliTUir. WM. MALCOLM, riiy TrtiLMirtT RICHARD B. TINDALL, . 'Tlu' Ccniiicil vnti'il ill Oiiiiliir III iiMiiisli it Willi "h stove, ccml. |]iiii]>s ami run- ilciziii Miiiiy lihiiiUils liir ilif wiiiulcriiiK i«n>r." All iipplioaiits to til.' iHiliif fur lii(l;riiii;s wi'ii- for uiiiiiy years allowed to sleep lure, liiit tiiiiilly tile lity ilec-iileil tluit it was eiiionraciii;: va- grants ami l'iiiiiii.'alecl ami elosey rescdntion directed to piilnd the I'irst Ward and .Vines- man was assi;;ned to "Kro>.'lo\vn." while Oaks was to eover the rest of the Second Ward, the Third War of death or sickness." On Ueeemher 2",( Michael Coeii was .-idded to tin' force. .\t (his time, ai-cording to the ( 'ouiicil iniiinlcs. the Cliicfs snlaiy was $T."i a incmtli. The men received at first $2 a iii;;ht. Chief Oldis served until his death, in 1,SS4. when William Hendry liecaiiie Chief. In l.SiKi .Matthew Kidly was made police sergeant. The force now consists of one Chief, olllcially styled Cap- tain of rolice; line seriieaiit and elevi n patrolineii. as follows; — NAME. William Ileiidr.i Matthew Kelly Mich.icl Colli .lohn .1. Wynne RANK. Captain Sergeant Patrolman Patrolman James I>. IxickwwKl Patrolman Cnstav Schmidt Patrolman .John Van Wajieninge Patrolman William J. Plynu Patrolman Henry Crawliuck I'atrolinan .lacidi Voiik Patrolman .lohn .N. Mi'ade Patrolman .lames (ireen Patrolman .lohn .1. I'arcells Patrolman r).\TE OF JOINING FORCE. .May 7. ISTU Oct. S. 1880 May 7, 187(i .hine T_', 1882 Sept. 9, 1886 Sept. 10, 1888 .Inly 28, 1890 .\ug. 17, 1891 .Ian. 16, 1893 April 17. 1893 April 17. 1893 .March 2. 1896 .March 2. 1S90 SOME OF CHIEF HENDItVS KF.MINISCENCES. Chief of P(dice Heudry is the oldest iiiembcr of the force ill point of continuous service. Polic-cniin Cocii ami Wyiiiu' were lioili policemou before him, but both have been off and on the force from time to time. In 1873, Chief Heudry says, there were 4,0(MI i pie. There were six policemeu. four on the night force and two .m the day force, .something which is not made plain by the ollicial records. The day men receivetl .$7.j a mouth each and the others .f2 a night. The number of nights they served depended largely on the favor in which they stood with the Couiicilnn'ii. All the men were remov- able at pleasure, and changes wire frequently made for po- litical reasons. \\'heii Chief llcadry was appointed, he sug- gested to some of his friends in ilir Council that a police- mau should serve during good behaviour, and an ordinance to this effect was passed. "At that time." says the Chief, "we had no uniforms. We Wore citizens' (lollies and carried clubs and badges. I had oceasiou to press coinplaints against two or three men for resisting an olticei. and they got off one after another ou the plea that they did not know I was an otlicer on account of my wearing citizen's clothes. This set me thinking, and the men on the force got their heads logciher and ih'cided to buy nniforms. These wi-re an exact <-opy of the uniforms of the Xew York iioliee at that time. There liavi' been few changes since. The cit.v has never olliciall.v adojited any uniform for the force at all." The criminal reconls of the Pass.ii<' iiolicc deparliiK'nt are rather lame, because there have never been any notable crimes committed here. There lias never been an oiilrigiit murder commitled in the city. Several pi-rsons have U'en puiiisheil for maiislaiigliter. No bank robbery has been attempted. 'I'hi're arc only two cases mi record of safes being blown open. .Iiwclcr Charles (Jrccme's safe was fonnd blown oiK-n and rlHed i>( .f-'idO of watches and tings one morning, seven years ago. The robbers were never dis<'overed, although there were various suspins. firocer F. M. Swan's safe was robbeil of .$100 once. The largest r(d)bery on n-cord ficcurred fifteen years ago. when thieves entered the clothing store of Marks iV; Ix'Win, the predecessors of M. .1. Hoke, at Passaii- and MiLejiii streets. They had a truck and <-arted away the entire stock, but were afterward arrested and sent to state prison. The only notable highwa.v robbery that ever occurred in the eity was in 1898. Mrs. E. M. (Jill of (Jrcgory avenue was decoyed to Van Hou- Icn .iviiiiic by a young man. under pretence of conducting her lioiiic. She had lost her way, being new to the city. He knocked her down and took her jewelry, valueil at .$1,200. His identity was discovered, he was arrested, sent to prison and all the jewels were recovered. AX EXCITING BIT OF POLICE HISTOKY. There is one exciting episode in the criminal histeriences. In 1879 the jewelry store of Marks Brothers, in Troy, X. Y.. was robbed of $14,0(K) in jewelry. Tile burglars were ■■Billy" Porter and "Jack" Ir- ving, two iiiembers of the notorious gang jiresided over b.v Mir. fol- lowed clos(dy by Patrolman Hendry. He was within six feet of them when Porter turned around, and. drawing a revolver, tired at him. Hendry threw his head to one side and the bullet missed him. but he received part of the charge of powder in his face. It stunned .ind half-blinded him, and Porter and Irving, vaulting a fence that stood at the rear of the building in which Mrs. M. A. McCarthy's shoe store is situated, made their escape. They were never arrested for the Troy robbery, and their whereabouts is not known. ".Mother" Mandelbaum died a few years ago in exile at Mon- treal, an aged woman. 8& THE NEWS* HISTORY OF PASSAIC. The Story of our Volunteer Firemen. Tin- liisiKiy i>( ilic vi.liiiitiTr tiri- ili'iKirtiiiciii wiis su I'ailli- fiilly rfriiidcil in a likli>t issiu-d li.v The News in lli iimiivcrsiiry <>f its organization, in 1><'.U. tlial a liMi:rltiv aii-..mit lii-n- Httiilil lie sti|>crtinoiis. DUNDEE ENGINE CO. NO. 2. It rt'iilly iliili's liaik to UctolxT 2(>. ISIiS. wlien a nicetin;: was liflil nt tile olllce of tin- lati- ('a]>li><" S. K. Frits, with Washin>:lon .V. Harris in the iliair. It was ch't-idctl to orfran- i/.i- a tire association anil a liook anil hiihU-r ronipany. Oscar I). Ilalilwiii. ilic first [ircsiilcnt of tlic vlllacc ami aflcrwaril vicc- |ircsiili-nt of the Mnliial Ifcscrve Life Insurance Coiniiany. was chosen presi.lfnt: ('a|itaiii Krits, vice-|>ri'siileiit: ex-l'ostniaster William .\. Willanl. sei-ietaiy. ami .\liel llorton. Ircasnrer. ami c illci's wi'H' M|i|Hiinti'cl. .Messrs. Willanl ami Morton arc the only original meniliers livinc in I'assaic The object of the Kire .Vssocialioii was to i-nlist citizens in the lire service, not necessiirily as active tireineii. lint also as contrilmlors to the fnnil. It imrchascil all the i-arly apparatus. .\ hand engine was IioiikIh in Heeenilier. ISIi'.l. for I'assaic ICuKine Company No. One. which was oriianizeil on .Novemlier 1 of that year. The company had its onciue. Init was wilhonl hose, when Walerhouse's woolen mill was Imrncil down on Hecemlier l.">. isti'.l. Th.-y foiiv'lil the liri' with liiickets only. On Septenilier II of llie rollc.wiiiK year tin- tirst tireniaii was killed in the |ii rformance of his duly. .lames ('(dlier's hotel, on lower Main iiveinie. the ".Seliasiopol." so iianieil ilurinn the Crimean war. was liurncd down. Cornelius .\oriiian. a lirother of llw fi.riiier iMistmasler. was crushed lietween the ontrit'trer of the hiind eiifine and tin- lirii-k Imildint' now occupied liy .Mrs. Miilvihill's hotel. The lireiiien were tniiiinK the eniiine down the sti-ep river hank to i:rt suction and lost eontnd. In 1.S71 dissensions in the euKim' company caused the for- mation of Kescue Hook and I^idder Company, for which the Fire As-sociiilion purchased a truck ami luickel outlit. Tin- oi'i^'inal memliers were It. B. Timlall. .Joseph A. Rhodes, and live others who resigned from Kngine Company Xo. One. Adri- an Norman, Thomas Cogau and others. On .\ugust 2. 1872. the two companies participated in the celebration of the turn- ing on of cit.v water, already alluded to. When the cit.v government was formed, in 187.'!. the City Council pnrchased the Fire .Vssixiation's einiiiimenl. after much bargaining, for .$I,S(KI. The association did not go out of existence, however, until 1882. On .Inly A the lirst steam lire engine purchased by the city arrivcil lor tlu' engine ciun- pany. The city purchased the ilethodist CluMcli in IS":!, and. raising it one story, bnilt quarters f. One week later, while lighting a fire in a Harrison street liousi'. Thomas Uarnaclo was crippled for ALERT TRUCK HOUSE. life by a falling chimney. Finally the incendiaries were caught, and proved to lie firemen, who, anxious to make a good show- ing for Ihcir co,u|iany in resiH.nding to .•ilarms. started small THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 87 lii-cs Ihi'iMsi'lvcs. Hl'icii «ii|[ scriiiMs ri'siills. Tlicy wen' nm- viiti'il :iii(l piiiiislii'il. ■,]]]'] I 111' I'liiili'iiili' ul' lii'i'S <'(';is<'il. Alcrl 'I'nick t 'iiiiiinni.v « ms iii';.Miiiznl in lS.S."i .miiiI I.iiiilrii IIiMio Ci)tnimriv in 1.SS7. On I-'i'liiMiiiiy ;!. ISS.s. .liisi'pli McVrtlmi's lninsc> iil I'iissnir Hriilsc was Imi-nnl. .11 .1 liitli-i- riild ni^lit. Miiliiicl Clark, a iiirnilii'i' (if DiiniU'i' Thus, cinitiacti-d an illness wliiili icsnllnl in his ilc.itli a .voar latcT. Thi' First Baplisl Clniiili was ili- stro.vod iMi Ucri'niluT 7, IS',111. Owinw I" n lai 1; .>! Wiilrr lirrssiii'i'. llic lirrnirii \\ fir cuniiii'lli'cl to wiilcli ii liiirii. On 1 >i'ii'iiiliir :'il K. K. Hciil,in's lurnilui-c storo candlit lire, ami Ihi' iiiii'.s|ni\ iiiniic liiiilcliiiLrs mi I'Mssair slriM't ciinlainint: it .mil 'Paylni's ilniliiii'.' slm-i' wrn' ili'sti'oyi-il. 'Till' l)i;r;r''sr riri' in I In- iiistm-y of l*;issaif circurri'il on (liliil.iT lid, ISlll, wlirii S|i('i'i-'s will!' w.-iri'liunse iiu lnwi'r ilain avenue was partially ilesli-oyed. The liiss In the liiiildint: niul till' laiiie sloek iit" wine was .'JSIIKI.IKMI. nnd the iiisnraiiee wns enly •*L'.",(H«t. Sparks fell in showers sever:il times ih.il iciv'hl on llie rool' nf the "Old l'"irsl" Chiinli, wlii. Ii is over ;i eelltury old. .lliil il w.ls leMreil il would lie destroyed. On New Year's lljy, ISIM, the .\lusie ll.-|ll liloek, owned liy I'Mo Kip, on Mniii .-ivenne, iienr the lOrie m.iin depot. w;is liuiiied. The loss was .'f(i(l,(MP(P. Handllon Hose ('omp,-ni\ No. Two was or gaiiized in Novemlier. l.SiM, The "J.'ilh MnniversMiy ot ihe llr^^'llIizalion of the lire de li.'irtim'iil \\ as eelelti*;iteil on .Novemhi-r 1 of thai ,ve:ir. On Septenilier (1, IS'.U. oc nirred what is known as the •"moonshiin' lire." Tliom;is K. Watson, l>e|iiily ('oheetor of Ih1ern;il IIe\'eniie in this district, liiid r.-iided .-111 illicit still in tile old Terhnne mnnsiini in I.odi in l.Sl):!. 1 1 w ,is operateil h,v several Alsatians fnnn llolmken. Several hnndred f;allons of crude whiskey and a eomplet<' distilling plaiii were cnptiired and stored in the old W;itson Hlctehery. wlieri' they were de- stroyed liy tire a year later. On .Taniiary Ii."), l.Sll."). the lire- men were c.illcd to Clirion to lijrht a tire wdiich de- stroyed Henry Hohenstein's old ('lirinn Hotel, with a loss of .'epot Square ,'ind some adjacent struc- tures were destroyed. On M,iy II, I.SDO. two big fires broke out simult.ii usiy in raterson, and the same companies were dispatch. 'd to render assistame. .No. One worked at the lire which destroyed the ImildiirL: of the .M.iehiiusts' .\ssoi i,-ition ;inil .No, Two ,it the llindiliffe malt-honse. On Scptcndier ■J."> the store of (Jeorire Kidih.-irt, in Clifton, was Inir I down, the Passaic tiremen lieiii;; ajrain called upon. The >c,ir I.SU7 w.as marked by two laii.'e tires, the first uiilew oilliy ones in two years. 'I'lic ra;:oda Hotel al I'assaie Hrid^'e w.as burned on .July :\. the loss bein;.- .$L'I1.(III(I and the insitrance only ."Pl'K.'idtl, On Sepleiidier :;i, the dry j;oods store of 11. .Meyers vW Son was bnr I out with .1 loss of ,«:i."i.llllll. The year IS',IS was uneventful, bill IS',i',l \\ .is ushered in by two distiessiuf; fatalities. On ,laiiu.ny -] the bnildiiiK i>c- citiiied by Charles Uumpler as a bakery was ^'utti'd by ;i lire started by ;;asoliui- in a woodshed at the rear. .\fter the lire the body of .Miss Kmina Uumpler. a be.iutiful yotiu;.' woman, was fmiinl in her father's apartments on the second Hour, ,\fter reaehiu^' the sidewalk in safety, she returned to dress herself more fully, and was sulTocatc'd. 'Pwo days after- ward :in oil stove upset ill .1 lolibler's shop al .No. SL' Main avenue, ,'iiid ill live miniiles Mrs, .loseph I.aponi had been burned 111 dc.itli. The .National Hank buildiuj.' was gutted on l-'ebru.ary l."i, the Mist .inniversary of the destruetioii of the Maiiii', The loss was .117, IKH), The hmis ' \V, H. Augleniau. on Brook .iveiiue. was deslroycd mi March S. loss .^In.l and Sliuit's drug store was burned out on Septenilier !t, loss .•ST.illlK. On September ."{ there was a fire in Ililfniiin's wholesnlc Iil, nor store iiii l';iss«ie street. Itiiiiilee, \V. It. Sinilli. n nieiil- lier of .\lert Triii-k Coiiiiniiiy. stepped 011 a rusty iiiiil, wliieli caused his deiilh fi'oiu blood poisonini; on Septenilier ,S. On Oiiober 1. .Mrs. Wall, the mother of the late Couiicihnan Wall. fell a victim to (ire. Her apron eainrlit lire from the kitchen stove, and the llaines spi-ead to her elotliiii^. She run to llie stairway, fell down a (light of .stairs and was dead when picked nil. The departiiieiit now ennsists of [ilX men. There are three steam fire engini's. two trucks, one eheiniciil engine, five hose carriages, one hose wagon iind 4,:!IH| feet of hose. During I.S'.I.S Ihe department answeivd li.'i alarms of fire, at which the damage was only .Sli.^.'iO. There are 'JM fire hydrants. It. H. Howker. the chief engineer, is oih' of (he best who has ever held Ihe iiosition. He has occupied il for three years, .•mil Mc LEAN ENGINE CO. NO, 3. has brought the depjiitnieiil up to a high plain' of etlieieiiey. l-'reipieut drills are held under his direction, wliiih attract a great deal of public attention. 1'. N'an Uipi'r Tost is assistant chief ami liis able second. The Advent of Electricity. .\ii account has been given ill another chapter of the build- iug of the electric street railway, the first in New .lerse.v. The rassaie Electric I.,ight. Heat anil I'ower Company, which fi'.inished the power, was iiicoriiorated .laiiuary 12. I.'^.S.S. It beg.'in business on October 1. 1.S.S,S. with 2(M> lights, and in eighteen months had increased its business nntil it furnished 1.12(10 inea!idescent and 4') ar< lights. Mayor Brown, tJeu- eral Spencer. Kiehard Morrell and Mayor Bogart were ninong: the principal stockholders at first. The gas and electric eoni- paiiies consolidated in ISfCi under the name of the Passaie Lighting C pany. The old electric light pl.-iiit on Harrison 88 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. Mi-wt W!is al>audoni-il. and a magnificent new i-lfetrit- lij-'lit and |Miw«T plant was l>uilt next to the t.'as works at Passaic street and Colnmliia avenue. The electric niachini ry alone cost S;S."..(l(NI. It furnished all the power for the Newark trolley line. •J"lie conil.iiiiHl plant was .sold in l.SOlt to the I'nited Gas Im- provement Company of Philadelphia, which orpuiized the Pat- ersou and Pas.saic (Jas and Electric Company, iousolidatin}.' the syKlems of the two cities. 'Hie (Jamewell fire alarm system was installed in IS'.MI at a i-ost of !i!4.tKKl, but uumerons improvements and extensions have lHi>n made since that time. It now includes 15 miles of wire and :! New York and New .Jersey Telephone Company, which has Imcu doing business in Pa.ssaic for twelve years. It has 7mmeiici'd the construction of a system of subways and in ISit'.l the erection of a three-story office building in Prospect sirei-t. to cost .*2ri.tKI(l. The Paterson. Passaic and Suburban Telephone Company cditained a franchise in IS'.KS, and in l.S'.KI began the co:islriiction of its Passaic system, which, it is piiiniised. will be a lively coiniietitor of its older rival. .MlMCll'AI. I'.l 11.1>1M; AM> 1 ITV IKi.Mi;. The removal i>( I lie old City Hall to make way for tile new Municipal Kiiilding. or the new Pile anil Police IIeadi|uarters. as il is ollliially known, has already Immmi alluiled to. The building, begun in l.S'.Mi. was coinpli-ti'il in ISllil after many delays. Its total cost will he about .'f.'iH.IHHl. It will house the iwo oldest fire companies — Engine No. One and Truck No. Oiii' — the iMilice station and court and various city depart- ments, sui'li as the IHstrict Court, if reiiislitnled: the ollices of Ihi' Hoard of Health, .Street Su|K'riiitendent and Riiililing Inspector. The Hii' houses have been proviilcd with social parlors, which can be used for tlorinitories when a paiil tire ilvnarlment I of llie lime the city has not been represented in the II. .use i.r .\ssenil)ly. although her population for many years past has entitled her to an Assemblyman. The hist man Pas- saic ever sent to the Assembly was Henry McDanolds. who u:is there in 1872 and 1873. The next was ex-Postmaster .lolm Keiiiull. who was elected in 187S on the Democratic ticket. He was defeated in 1879 by his closest friend, the late (Jeorge W. Conkling. who took the Republican nomination. TliMi tills rivalry did not sunder them is demonstrated by tlie fact that llu'.v were roommates at Trenton in the winters of IST',1 and 18.SI). when Mr. Conkling was in the Assembly and -Mr. Kennell was also attending its sessions. William F. (Jas- ton was elected to the Assembly in 1SS2 and 188:!. and took a pri'inineiit part in its business. ,Tolin King holds the banner record. He was elected in 1.S90. 18!ll. IS'X,. 18r the lower I'assaie Valley and lieinj; a liiiidiiiark for miles aroiiml. The iiolile liiiildiiif; has a lieniitifnl seliiii):. It stands in a iiark which covers two jjood-sized cit.v Idocks. and which is cared for like a garden. The I'ity Hall and Park are not all thai Passaic lias lo lioast of. lint they are aii'iin;.' the liest si;:lils il li.as to offi'r. On a slimmer da.v. with the roliiiis dancinir over the ;;rassy terraces, the trees waving in llie lireexe. the fountain spray falling in the sunlight, it jire- sints a imrliinlarly charming asjiect. ("harh's M. K. Paiilison and .\. Swan Hrowii Imiines that stand in I'assaie for inlelli^'ent .iiiil iinselhsli eiieiKyl are the men who are responsilile for oiir City Hall. The first commenc- eil it. the second saw that it was completed. Much has lii'en saiil alioiil .Mr. Paulison's work in develop- in;.' the city. Inn little alioiit the loan himself. He was a iiolily useful man. whose career had an nnl'ortnnate ending Iiecause of one moiinmeiilal mistake. .\ mistake it proved to he. not Iiecause of miscaleiilalion. lnit from lack of the gift of in'ophecy: a pardonalde mistake. Iiecause it represents to the layl the generous, free-handed spirit anil life of its maker. If Charles M. K. Paiilison had not mined liimsidf liy Imilding Paulison's "Polly." il would have liien beean.se he was no longer Ch.irlcs .M. K. Paiilison. Born at Hackeiisaek in 1.S24. of old Dutch stock. .Mr. Pau- lisoii made his start in mercantile life in New York and ae- i|iiired some pr iperly. (iold was discovered in California, and 111' went to San Krancisco and engaged in Imsiness. He helped to roriii the city government and free Ihe cily from the rule of liiilliis. lie was f the lirsl .Mdermeii of the city. Iieiiig chosen over a desperado, who sniiseiiiiently iH-eame famous as Walker Ihe Kililiiister. Having "made his pile." he longed for I he Kast ag.iin. and changed from the stormy scenes of the fifties in California to the liiisy Inn peaceful and pleasant life of a well-lo-ilo New Yorker. He hecame piesiilent of the Ninth Ward Kank in .New York. A man of discriiniiiation and rc- lineiiieiil. he was passionately fond of music, .-iiid was lor a lime presideni of the New York Philharmonic Society. He was III f tile great forty men who met al the .\stor House ill .New York, in LS-'iIt. and organixcd the ICepiililican parly on the plat form of "free speech, free soil, free men and Kre- n I." riiese are a few striws that show that in him a hold and fertile mind was mated with an exi|iiisite arlislic taste, and Ihal if he ev<'r liiiill a home after his own hcirl. il would lie planned and ciiiisiructed on a lordly scale. Mr. Paiilison had heen operaliiig in Passaic real estate for eight years in 1.S72. Things had gone well with him. and as Passnie was growing ipace. lie comuienced to Iniild Ihe man- sion which he iiileiiiled In i-all "Park Iliighls." lie employed landscape gardeners, who laid out a lieautifnl park, plaiilcd " ith evergreens, the grass lieing kept like velvet. Flowers were one of his delights, and he Iniilt the finest conservatories in Now .Tersey. which he stocked with the rarest and most exquisite blooms, one greenhouse being filled with eamolias in bloom. Cages were hung from the ceilings, in which canaries and other songsters of the best strains were kept. The water reservoir on the hill was provided with an alabaster fountain. All this was done while the foundations of the buildings were hardly l:;id. because it was the desire of the owner that all I'assaie should enjoy the beautiful sounds and sights. The grounds were open to the public at all times, and people came and went ill crowds. -Mone.v was lavishl.v siieiit on the place. A lodge for the gatekeeiier cost .$1'J.0(M). a stible !f1J.(M)0. the greenhouses .$27,- I'liO. ;i massive wroiiglit-iron fence and imposing gate posts of carved stone, .$12,11110. AVlien the city purchased the property in l.Sin a lion's head of browiistone was needed to coiuiilete a gate-i)ost on the (Jiegor.v avenue side. Il cost .$;'i."iO. The gate- pr-sts are said lo have cost ifl,2IMi c-:icli. Tlu-y .ire still stand- ing, but the <-ostly fence was taken down and sold by the city for a song. The mansion was of imposing diiiiensions ,ind built, like a fortress, to last for ages. It was of cut browiisione, the ma- terial coming from Mr, I'aulison's quarry in North I'assaie. Being Moorish ill design, the materials were cunningly varie- gated in certain parts after a curious design. The first floor was expected to be large enough to seat ."ilMl persons at dinner, if occasion reiiiiired. The tour small corner towers wore each to be surinouiited by a glazed minaret, while a larger luie was to crown the building. From these huge glass iloiiies the lights were to stream out on feslal nighls lo sliciw PARK HEIGHTS" AS CONTEMPLATED. the surrounding country that Charles .M. K. Paiilison wi cntcrlaining his friends. CHARLES M. K. PAULISON. A. SWAN BROWN. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 93 Wlini Mr. I'Miilisiiii Iki.I .■\|i.-ii.1c>cI .VJi ii i.ik II i iip.iii tliis |iiiliic<' :iiiil |i:iiU. IM.'i liiiiir, niiil Willi it llir iT.i'^li. Aliiiic willi tlimisaiids of otluTs. Mr. Pnillis.ni \v:is niiiii'd. He cinild linvr THE UNFINISHED "CASTLE" IN 1H90. .siisiicniliil wiiiU nil Ills iiiaiisiiiii nml riirrinl liis rcnl cslnli' tlii'oush tho luiiiic. if 111' hail mil liail tliinisaiitls of dullais iii- VfStcil in bonds of Soiitlicrn Slates, wliicli wori' rciiudiatcd. Ill' liail to abandon alniust I'vci-ytliiiiL'. A (rw yrais later lie invested heavil.v in walnnt tinibei- in E;ist Tennessee, and h lien it .seemed that he might be ou his feet once iiioie. w.ilnnt fni- nitnre began to go out of fashion. Then he went as Hegister of tile Land OtHce to Arizona, wiiei-e he joiiieil his old frii'iid. (Jeneral Fremont. He never lost conrage or gave up the idea of ri'tniiiiuf; to complete his mansion. He was livins at Tuc- son, Arizona, with ever.v prospect that he miglit be able to .satisfy this long-cherished desire, when di'ath came to ilis- appoinl him once more, lie died of hemorrhage on October 112, l.S,Sl. His remains were bronght to this city, and his funeral was helil at the Methodist Episcopal ("hurch. The' mill of Mr. Paulison's fortunes gave hindsight to his Clitics. Sciiiieli.idy ehristened his unfinished palace "Pauli- suiTs I'olly." a name which stuck to it for years. When work was abandoiK'il the walls were iiig even in its desolation, it never looked dis- reputable, and there was a siitisfaction in pointing out "Pau- lison's Folly" to the stranger. An accurate idea of its appear- ance in this stale is given liy the accompanying picture, repro- duced from what is said to be the only negative of the olil castle in existeine. It was made by Mr. Saunders of Clifton. .\. SWAN r.KdW.N Fl.VKS .\ ISF Vnil IT. The evergreens with which .\ir. Paiilisc.ii hacl aiic»riiecl the park had grown into statel.v trees, which almost screened it. in the seventeen years, when in lS",)(t the owners decided to cut the property inlcp liiiilcliiig lots and te.ir dciun llic' castle. Then it was that A. Swan Hrowii heard of it ami fcirnied a plan. He called on Pet<'r Iteid and Moses E. AVor- tlien and asked them to imrchase the property to save it from being built upon. He explained that his idea w :is to induce the city to take the building and c iplele it for a City Hall. Messrs. Uidd and Worthen advanced .<:!;!. (MKI and took the prepi'iiy. witlioiil any guaranlei' that tlo' city would redeem il. ami pulling <-onlidi>nce scdidy in .Mr. Brown's giHid judg- ineiii. When it was announced that Messrs. Keld and Worthen were holding the proiierly iinlil Ihe city made up its mind whi'iher to take the white elephant off their hands, there was a decided variety of opinions. Many thought it was absurd to purchase such a big, unfinished building, nnd predicted that it wmild take a fortune to complete it. Others said that the silitalion w.is not suitable, and starti'd a counter-agitation to remodel Scliool No. 1, on Passaic street, and have a new Cit.v Hall in tin- centre of the business .section. The building was iiiatler by raising over $1(),IH)(», which was offered to the city for a partial building funy a hras.s taldet set in the wall of tin- eiitraiue to the iinildiiiu-. of \vhieh a view is here piven.— BRASS TABLET AT ENTRANCE TO THE CITY HALL. Tin; .maki.m; uk tmh hi:iim;i: i'.\i;k. (•i f the arguments that earried the ilay in Mr. Hrown's licht for til" new City Hall was that it would turn a seene of ill solation into what Colonel Carter of Cartevsville (•■•ills a uarilen spot. The enter|>rise stood for a puhlie lovi' ni' licaiity as well as imlilie spirit. This aesthetie sense has always liceii liiKhly ilivelo|ied in I'assaie. it was manifested when the I'assaie Cliili house was Imill. partly in order to make the snrroiindin;.'s i>f the l'ros|H'ii street lU'pot more attractive. It is shown liy the eare taken to make the mill yards oi ilie I'assaie I'rint Works. Manhattan Print Works and otlur lai- lories almost parklike. This was (he spirit in which the I'assaie Hrid^'e I'ark was hiiil out. The property lietween the Krie Itailroad and Wester- velt place had lieen a vacant haseli.ill i:round for many years. It lielon;;eil to the late .luilse .lolin Hopper of the Connly <°iinrt, who had never attemjited to improve it. ami allowed taxes and assessments to acciimnlate to almost the value of the property. Finally. I.eon.ird I.. (Jrcar. then Collector of Ta.xes. ImoikIiI it from him. At this time there was no idea of makin;: ji park of it. Mr. drear was harshly and nnjnstly criticised afterward for Imyint: it from .ludce Hop|H'r and sellinj; it to the eity at a protit, beiii); a eit.v otiteial at the time. Mr. (!rear, however, never even sii)ri;ested the purchase, and was never accused of Laving received nnire than a fair price. The consideration that moved the people at the Hriil;;e to ask the city to purchase it was the fear thai it mi«hl lie turned to liusiiiess uses. How would it look, they ar;.'ueil, to have a cniil yard and piles of lumber at the most important ^'ateway to the cilyV Why not iin|>rove an already lieaiitiful spot liy niakini; a park? After two years of consideratinn. the park was finally purchased, iu IfSm. for SI'J.IMIO. the residents of the Hrid;:e snliscrlliiui: nearly one-fourth of this :imouiit. 'Hie city eniliellished it at a cost of .<;2.:!llll. .\ fii\nii:iin w.is .idded ill IWttt. TllK M;W .shade TKKH CO.M.MISSION. It is oiteii remarked that the greater part uf the city. |i.u- ticularly the Hill section, is already a park. Tlurc is no exa;.'t,'eratioii in this. l-'or mile after mile one niav pass under rows of stately shade trees, with jrrassy terraces or level lawns, beautifully kept, on either side. The apiiearance of private irrouiids. of cour.se, is a credit to their owners, but the shaiU' trees have always lieeii the city's pride. Wh.itever the shortcomiufrs of the late Judge Siinmuiis in ntlier n- si)ects. he certainly did appreciate beantifnl trees. Wlicii Charles M. K. Paidison laiiie lure, he found .lodge Sim- mons planting shade trees on streets which have lieeu with- held from the market until the present day. Mr. I'aulison followed a good example. When nc bought the Van W.igouer farm and laid lUit (Jregory avenue, he planted the magiticeni .Inis lliMi now lim- both sides of that beautiful street. I'ri.vi- .sion for shade-tree planting was made iu the city charti-r ami tic-os were pl.inted for years almost a.s fast as streets weri' laid out. Not always as fast, nnfortnnately. for the charter pro vides thai mo trees shall be planted between N.iveniluT and May. and streets iniiu-oved late iu the season went without shade trees. When the Citizens' Improvement Associatiim was formed, iu ISS.'j. it devoted considerable attention to trees, their care and their perils. The Board of Tradi'. of which it was the parent. I'oUowi'd up the subject, and otien urged the Council to trim the trees or to spray llieni as a protection against insect ravages. Old residents will remember the con- sternation when the elm-leaf beetle appeareil. ten yeais ago. and marked the elms for its i.wn. There was as innch pnblii' iiiuceru as though homes, insteail of tri'cs. were threatened. :ind the Council appropriated .fSIKI with which to light the pest. 'I'he beetle linally moved on. In l.SiHI the Board of Trade niiearlliecl a forgotien stalnlc. which, .-ilthough of ( xcelleut i)Urpose aiul tifteen years cm the bofdis. had escaped the attention of the muuicipalities. I'ncler it the Council creaiecl a permanent Shade Tree Coinniissicm of three uu'iubers. It has the care and control of all shade trees in the city and power to plant trees (Ui all unshaded streets, assessing the cost upon the property beneliied. The City Council has authority to approiiriate annually not e\ ceediiig one tenth of one mill on the dollar of assessed valua- tions, which at lueseiit is about .'iSdli a year, for the use of the Commission. The members serve without salary. Mayor Howe appointed George P. Rust for five years. Wil- liam S. Benson for fmir years, and John E. Ackerinan (•<>■ three years in August, ISllil. The Council had already ajiproiiriated .f.MIt) for their use. Tiny organized in September b.v electing Mr. Benson chairman and Mr. Ackerman secretary and treas- urer. The Coinmissiou decided to expend its approiiriatiiui in trimming trees and to order a general tree planting in the fall of "SKI. Four thousand shade trees of ten varieties, niosily .Norway maples ami American lindens, ,ire being started cm a useful career in our streets, A surprising and gratifying efi'ect of the appoint inent cd the Commission was the widespread comment it created. E^'ery prominent newspaper in New .lersey siioke of it eom- luendingly, and it is probable that next year many other municipalities will follow suit. The news traveled far and wide outside of the State, and .several metropolitan m-wspapers greeted the step with dignitied editorial mention. As a piece of advertising alone, it was one of the best things the city ever did. PETER REID MOSES E. WORTHEN. CHAPTER XVIL THE DISTRICT SCHOOL. Its History and Its Teachers From 1693 Until the Graded Schools Were Inaugurated in J 870— The Strugfgfles for Better Schools— Old Private Institutions. TIIK licKiiiiiiiiKs of .sihiiuls in AciiiKiiUanoiiU were coiitom- poraiieoiis with the bcfiiiiiiiiigs nl' tin' vill.-i!.'i>. Both ihite back to thi> earliest days of sottlenu'iit. for the lirst Diit<-h settlers were lari'fiil seekers of hotli relifrioiis and seciihir iiistriictlnii. It was the eustom for the minister to act as schoolmaster. Iioth preachers and teachers liein^ few. Some connrefrations were able to emplo.v an assistant to the min- ister or a snbstitute for him, who was known as the "voor- liser." or reader. His dnties were on Sunda.vs to lead the sinjiins. read the Scriptures and catechise the children. The tirst si'ttled minister here was Gnillaume Bertholf. who was at tirst voorliser in the churches of Hackensack and Aciiiiackauciidi. in which capacit.v he ser\ed until lliStt. when he was ordained "iireacher. Shepherd and Teacher over Ac- iiuififienock and Ackiusack." which duties he followed faith- full.v until his death in 1724. This man was the first school teacher at Aciiuackanonk. lie resided here, as is shown by a paper dated .\pril Id. l(ili;i. in which lie describes himself as "schoolmast^'r and scriln' al the vilhi,;,'e of .\ciiuif;geuouk." The schoolhouse was [irolialil.v the liist rude church building ere;ood ami benefit of mankind, which hath hi'herto been much neglected within this I'ldvince: "Be it therefore enacted by the (iovenior. council ami Depu- ties in General Assembly now met and assembled, and by lhi> authority of the same, that the inhabitants of any town within this I'rovince. shall and may. by warrant from a jus- tiee of the iieace of that county, when they think tit and con- \cident meet together and make choice of three more men of said town, to make a rate for the salary and maintaining of a schoidmaster within the said towu, for so long time as they Ihiid; lit: and the consent ai.d agreeiuent of the major part of the iidiabitants of the said town shall bin select tile place for a school. Their powers extended simply to iiroviding the money. To remedy this, the following law was passed in KHCi: — "An .\ct fiu- regulating of schools. "Whep'as. there was an act made Anno Domini. Kilt.'!, for the establishing of schools in each respe<'tive towu iu the I'rov- iiK'e, and by e.\|>erience it is found inconvenient, liy reason <>f the distance of the neighborhood, the said act directing no suitable way whereby all the inhabitants may Inive the benefit thereof. "lie it thirefore enacted by the (Jovernor. Council and Keji- rcsciitativi's in (Jeneral Assembly now met and assc'inbleil. and by the ■•uuhority of the sam<'. that thri-e men be chosen yi'arly and every year, in each respective town in this Province, to aiipoint and agree with a schoolmaster, and the three men so chosen shall have power to nominate and appoint the most convenient [dace or places where the school shall lie kept from time to time that as near as may be, the wlnde inhabitants ma.v have the benefit thereof." The words "place or places" are explaiiu'd liy the fact that all districts did not have school buildings and that the school migrateil from house to hld school at Ac(|Uiickaiioiik. in compliance with his ni|iiest to be laid beside his "first love." No teacher of his time was more honored. (.> f his old scholars, saiil to be .lohii Lmllow. fiiniislicd liis epitaph, whiili reads:- "llere lies an lioiHst man at rest, .Vs ever (IinI to His image blest: A friend of man, a friend of iriilli, .V friend of age. a guide of youth. If thi're's another worlil. he lives in bliss. I (■ (here is none, lie iii.ade tlu' best of this." Kroiii I.SKI III IMoti Abel .MerclianI taught the school. He was a bai'helor and boarded on Main avenue, in a house slill standing near the church, the lower half nf which is now, and has been for fifty years, used as a blacksmiih shop. Merchant ilid good wiirk. but. like ills preih ssiir. lie went to the Weasel school, where death sikiii ended his labors, .lohn .Nichols came here from the .Notch about 1Si:i. bought the house at 8(1 Main avenue, and entered the store of "Broin" Ackerman. He had been teacher of the .Notch sclioid for several years previous to comiug here, and, after three years of clerking, he resinned his profession. He o|HUied a school in the Dr. Miller house on the east side of the Uiver road, soiitli of Brook avenue, where he taught four years. His wife kept a notion store ill their house, which is still standing, on Main avenue. .Nichols had been a sailor in his youth, but was at this time a cripple, and as he was ton poor to own a horse. w:is obliged to hobble daily on his crutches to school. This made hiiii an idi- ject of sympathy, and his cheerful spirit h..ii liiiii many frieuds. His private school did not pay. however, ami in 182(1 he took charge of the Aciiuackanonk school, which he taught until 1.S2-I. Dr. Lambert J. M. Sythoff was teacher for about one year. Previous to this he had a jirivatc school at his home, which stood on Main avenue where Penningtiui avenue now joins it. He was a practicing physician as well. Neither field was profitable, and in 1.82li he moved to Paterson, which place he left in 1828 for Pompton. He taught school and prac- ticed medicine in both places until lie married Mary, the widow of Major Post. His wife's property enabled him to give lip teaching and devote his time to the practice of medi- cine exclusively. When he died, November 1.3, 18-45, the people of I'ompton, by whom he was greatly beloved, erected over bis grave a large monument with this inscription: — "A grateful community, iii tokeu of affectionate esteem, have caused this monument to be erected in appreciation of his many virtues." Probably the next liMilier in order was Dr. William Col- fax of Pomjiton. a son of the commandant of Wasliington's Life (Juards. who has alread.v been mentioned in the chapters on the Uevolntion. His nephew. Schuyler Colfax, was Vice- President of the I'nited States under (Jranr. Dr. Colfax laugbl here from 182t« to 1831, when he returned to Pompton. Like Dr. Sythoff. he practiced medicine and taught school at the same time, and lioili are remembered better as physicians than as pedagogues. Following these came .Tames Doremus, Sannnd F. Colt and Isaac Serveu. Serveu. who had married Dr. Scmlder';- daughter, lived at the present Main street ami Cri.i ks avenue. Paterson. Freiiiiently he would walk home for his noon meal, lo the delight of the scholars, who counted on an extra hour's recess. Previous to coming here. Serveu taught school in the basement of the Uet'oniied Church of Paterson. William Thoiii|isoii. who taught soiiieliiiie in tlie tliirlies, kept a whiskey bottle beside him on his desk, and it was a fa- vorite sport of the Iniys to hide it when he was half-seas over. Sometimes he became unable to teach, and William Brown was called in from his private school, ni^arly oppo-site. Brown linally became the regular teacher, bui for a short time only. Two teachers named WoodrutT and .lohiison tilli'il in the time until IS-KI. .lohnsoii left in disgust, bei-ause he was not ath- letic enough to ailmiuister the corporal punishiueiit. which was part of the curriculum. The boys tormented him with tricks, the last of which was to spread a thin layer of cobblers' wax over his seat. It was on a Friday afternoiui. and the teacher was ilressed in his best, as he was going aw;iy over Sunday. Being nearsighted, he did not detect the wax, and au important part of his trousers was ruined. In the person of Charles O. Crane, his successor, the tricksters found their iiiatcli. lie sy>ieiiKUicallv iliraslieil all their tricks out of them, niucli to the gratilication of the trus- tees. Altogether a diflerent man was (Jeorge D. Moore, who followed Crane. He was a graduate of I'niou College, prepar- ing for the ministry, and without the use of a switch controlled the school, and was a favorite witli the scholars during the two years be taught here. .lames C. .lohnson. who was also choris- ter, ruled with a firm hand until he went to New York, where he was engaged in the real estate business until his death. He was succeeded by .lames Treadwell. a young .New Yorker. who came here for one year. One of the most interesting •<( the line was Melancthon S. Wickware. who eked out the teacher's salary by keeping a store and dealing in cord-wood and lumber. In summer time he spent bis spare time raising miions on his truck farm, whiili was the large field on the Uiver road, opposite the Orphan ANDREW WANNAMAKER A. HENNION. o DR. JOHN M. HOWE. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. JOl Asylmii. Willi sn iiiiuli iiHluslry lif (U'scivcd to pi-DsiiiT. Imt rvcry iiiccc of ^'old hi- toiiclicil niriii-d fci a stdiic. Kiiilinu to ositiou. the trustees liehcld him. small, thin and weakly, and frankly told hiin that \u- would not clo. The farmers" sous were tonsil iind stron;;. iiml their favorite exerci.se was to thrash the teacher. MeeUly. Hatclielder asked for a trial, which was asi'ced to. On the tiist day tlu> oliler hoys were clincklins: over the diminutive pliysiciue and mild appearance of their new teacher. whi'U li" undertoidi to thrash one of them. Forthwith four of them rushed to the rescue. Hatchelder knocked two of them down, kicked the third ns he started to retreat, and wreslliuf; with the fourth, threw him to the Hoor. Then he finished correclinj; the boy who caused the trouble. The trustees engiiiit'd him permanently. He stayed several .vears. boarding at William I-. .Viidruss' hotel, opposite the school. In 1S.")4 he published a map of I'assaic'. made from actual surve.vs. It was thorough and acciiratt', ami sold so well that he was obliged to print a second edition of KXI copies. Immediately .ifter this he went to l.iadville, Colorado, where he remained sevi^ral years. Ilis olil scholars will'be pleased to know that he is still livins;. hale and hearty, in Denver. .\ teacher named I'almer came next, ami then came (Jeorge Williams, whose brother was afterward State S( nalor of this coniit,\ . He was an excellent teacher and a strict disciplinarian. The last of the old school was .\ndrew Waunam.iker .\, Hennion. whose reii:n lasted from IStil to 1S7(I. .Mr. Ileiiniou. who is still living, an old and honored citizen, was burn at Uamsoys. Bergen County. I'ebni.iry -). IS'JL'. Hi' is a de- scendant of Uichard Waiiamakei-. who came from Holland about the time of the battle of the Boyne and sett'icd at Mah- wah. where hi' purchased a s(|uare mile of laml. His danghier. Margaret, married Andrew Hennion. whose smi. William, mar- ried Klizabeth \'alentine They were the parents of the vet- eran teacher. Young HcMiuion attended David McCullongh's school at Uaniapo Valley after leceiving his early education from his father, wb.' t.night the JIahwah schcnd. .\t the age of fouitceu he went to work in Depne's grwer.v store, at Sixth avenue and Minetta street. New Y'ork. In ten months the business was sold out. and he worked for Depne as a wheelwright's apprentice at !f(> a mouth ami his board. The shop stood on Washington street, near Christopher street. After fourteen months more he returned to the Uaniapo school and studied the higher branches and surveying until he was eighteen years of age. One day the trustees from Ram.seys c.illed at the school. .\fter talking with the teacher, they l in rater- son. While llu'ri' he was waiteil upon by .\ndrcw Doremiis from Bergen County, who said that the teacher of the Slauterdam school liaal in the new school, but refused to accept, be<-ause he was offered i>nly ^(Mm a .vear. Mr. Hennion has the distinction of teaihiiig more young men who became prominent in the affairs of Passaic and Ber- gen counties than ,iny other teac-lier. To name his pupils is but to mention nearly all the well-known m< f middle age in the two counties. Tile schoolhouse in which these teacluTs ruled stood on a Icit ailjoining the church as long as human memory ran back. In the earliest days of the village there was a school there on land granted by the church consistory, and when the building ceased to be u.sed foi- a schiMd it was torn down, and the site reverted to the owners. The biiililing contained one room, and in 18.13. when Dr. .ll grew in strength as the intinx of newcomers continued. Man.v bitter fights over proposed improvements took place in the cdd schocdhoiise. usu- ally with .ludge Simmons leading the conservatives and C. M. K. Paulison at the head of the pr<)gressives. Oii one oc- casion the night was stormy. The two opposing parties were compelled to huddle in opposite corners on account of a ver.v leak.v roof, while .Inclge Siinmcuis stood in the centre of the room, with the rain dripping upon him. declaring that the .schoolhou.se was staunch and sound, that it had lieen gcMid enough for his parents, that it had been good enough for him, and that it was good enough for his children. Somebody was unkind enough to reply that, at that ver.v time, two of the .Judge's daughters were attending a private school in Philadel- phia. The conservatives carried their pcjint for the time be- ing, but in ISti!) the iirogressives pievailed. and Public Schocd No, 1, now known as the ,Ieffersoii School, was erec-ted on Passaic- street at a cost of $2.j,0(l(>. 102 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. Till- olil siliiiiil was closcil frirovi'r in July. ISTo. iiml the last pnlilic inert iiic then-— for thf ck'ctioii of a trustee — was lii-ld Moiiilay eveiiiii;;. Sep'euilier 't. 18VII. The iiieetiiitf "as Hell atteinled. ami one <>f the most spirited of Its kiml, al- though many of the old fogies stayed away, dissnisted lieeaiise the iiewl.v iiieoriiorated rillaue was wasting its money on a lirick .seliool. A trustee was to he chosen to sueeeed .ludgc Siiiiiiions, whose term had expired. Edo Kip was made iliaii- iiiaii and .\. AV. .\. Heiiniou seeiiiarest received tift.v-seveii and Aycrigg Iwenty-lwo. The miiiiiles of that old meeting say: — "A motion was made to retain the idd schoid huilding for the use of the colored children of the District: After some re- marks to the cfTei-l that such a scheme was impracticable and that the cidoreil children li::d as good right to occupy the new piildic school as any children in the I>istrict. the motion was tabled iind the meeting .idjonrned." The new sclioid was dedic.'iled liy special services lii'lil thcK in on Friday evening. Sepleiiilier ;jll. \S~I). The program has heeii presi-rved. An oprliing pra.ver "W.ns made li.v the Kev. .1. I'ascal Strong, llieii pastor of the North Ui'formi'd 4'liiircli. The report of the trustees was read hy the secretary. Kdo Kip. Short addro.s.se.s were made by Professor Samuel W. Kice. the new principal, and the Kev. Mr. .Iidinson of the ]{aplist Church, the Kev. Mr. Leavens of tln' I'resbyteriaii <'hiirch and the liev. Mr. Monroe. The school was opened for instriiition Oitidicr .'{H. INTO, and has been I'ontiiiuousl.v in use ever since. l'i;i\ ATK ACADK.MIHS. In aildition to the old district school, the li.iiiilet ol .\i- i|uackaiiiiiik had for many years the .Vcipiackanonk Aiademy. It was regularly incor|io|-ated. as appears bj the following cer- tilicate:— "To .'ill to wliiim ijiese pri'si'iits may come. "This is to ci-rlify that at a meeting of the mi-iiibers of the As.-oci;iiioii for the rriimotion of Vseful Literalme. holden at the house of Kichard Van IIoiili'ii in the township of AciinacUa- iionk. oil the tifteenih ilay of Di-cenilier. 1S(I2. pnl.lii- noiice hav- ing 1 n given ten days previous to said meeting by written notiie bi'ing set up in three of the most public places in the vi. iiiity declaring the object of iln- meeting, viz: — "To choo.se live trustees to be invested with power to rep- resent said .Association in all cases when their interest may be coi'ccrned. .ind instructed to pursue the legal measures to be- come a (cirporate body. "Now be it known that wi'. the subscTibers. have been diil.v electeil Trustees of the AciiuacUauoiik Academy, and have taken to ourselves the name of The Trustees of the Acquacka- iioiik .V( adeiiiv. "Dated .May 1. ISIMi i V| "Hi'iiry Sihoonmaker. President. "Haliuagh \aii Winkle. "Adrian M. Post. "(Jarret \';lii Kiper ".lohn K. I.uillow" The Irusti'cs pun-liased a plot of land mow Nos. Tfl-Nl Prospi'ct street! anil erected a building, where tor nearly three- ipiarters of a century school was held, it was abandoned as a scliool in ISTti, after having been for a score of years a school for girls. When C. M. K. Paulison juirchased the propert.v, in the si.xties. he was [iiit to great trouble and ex- I ciise to secure a good title. It seems that the original trus- tees iiii.k title nut in the name of the association, but iu- dividiially. it was iiecessar.v to obtiiin deeds from all of their descendants. 'Jlie building was removed a lew years ago to 17 Academy stieet. where it was reiiiodeled. and is now a dwelling house. Dr. Howe's academy, erected in lS."i!t by the late Dr. .John M. Howe, after his fruitless efforts to secure proiM'r school acconimoilations from the village, was intended primarily fop the education of his own children. Dr. Howe engaged a teacher, and at the leiiuest of his friends and neighbors fixed a fee, on payment of which their children were admitted to an excellent institution. In ISTO, when the public school sys- tem was reorganized, it was abandmied. The ijuaint old cement building stain's at the comer of Prospect and Acadeuiy streets, giving the latter street its name. For several years it was used for various purposes, secular and religious, and is now a dwell- ing. The Presbyterians worshiped there for a while. In addition to the above, there have iieen several excellent private schools of more recent date. It was also a common thing for ministers to give private insi ruction to one or more pupils in the high branches. Boys were usually prejiared for collegi' in Latin .ind (!nek in this niaiiner. THE OLD HOWE ACADEMY. CHAPTER XVIIL THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF PASSAIC. Their Growth and Development from 1870 to the Present Time — The Corps of Teachers — Board of Ex- aminers and Members of the Board of Education. By REV. PHILO F. LEAVENS, D. D. THK story i>f sriinols i[i livixmu' Ai-iii!:irk;ini>iiU has ljet*!i ri'- 1:i1>m1 cIscw liiTc. The aiu-U'iit i-ff.'iiiic c-aiiu' lo a i-lose thirty yrars aun. The hist in the lino of thi' ohl-tiinc i>f;iics was Mr .\. W. A. Honniim. He tnok thi' school at Aciniaika- HoiiU in 1S(;l Thi'i-c \vt'i-o tlicii sixty or seventy pupils wont I'l i-esiii to the sehooUioiise in ihe i-ornei- of the eemetery groiiiuls. hai'iT li.\ Ihe "Old I'"irsl' Clnirrh. The Imiklinic: is st of men and women have grateful recollections of his drilling in the rudiments of education It is a pleasant thing that he survives to this day. a landmark among the veteran citizens of Passaic. When a new onler of things beg.m to be deniandeil. it was n"t an easy matter to bring it alxuit. ll was ne<'essar.v to get control cf the Hoard of Trustees. M the school meeting in Sciteirbcr. 1S(!,S. ihe "newcomers" rallied and elected Mr. Ed) Kip in jilacc of Ihc iucnnibcnl wlm^i' term then i'Xi>ircd. Mr. Kip was in favor iif pr.igrcss. There \va> no way then but to wait a whole yiar. In Scplcnibci. lSt;".l, the '"newcomers" rallied again, ainl i-li-i ii-d Mr, T. IV Sicwarl. The party of prcgress then had two oul of Ihrcc and imil r.illcil the Hoard. Authority was obt.-iined to issue bonds for .$2.j,IXH) to get money for a new s( hcxd. The bonds were sold for less than par. and iirod'.io'd barcdy enouL'h to build and eipiip School -No. 1. on Passaic strei't. In September. ISTll. Mr. George W. Di'lnarest w.-is cicclcd irnslcc. .and ihns ihcre was a full Board c'lUimitteil to till' fcirward policx. The new schiKd was opened October, 1.S7II. nmler Ihc primipalship of Mr. Saniml \V. Kice, vith less than 2(10 scholars, cared for by fonr teachers. A coiuse of stud.v was laid out anil distribnteil as "Primary." "Grammar" and "High Schol building (the plans to be approved by the company) should be erected at a cost of not less than !fl.'),(XK», A nuH'ting of the village in 0<'tober authorized the acceptance of the pro|Mjsition, and rcniuested the trustees to apply to the lycgislature fi>r authority to issue bonds to the amount of :^l(!,(l(l(). The building was erected in 1873. That year the village rcsiilvcd to raise .$10,.500 for school purposes. The en- rollment had risen to 74(1; there were eleven teachers, and eight inipils had completed Ihe conrse of stndy. In September, 1.S73, the Uev. .Marshall B. Smith was selected trustee in place of Mr. George W. Demaresl. Passaic became an incorporated cit.v, and therewith was provision for a Board of Education. It was to be composed of three members from each of the three wards, and all to be elected annually. It was also provided that the district trus- tees in ottiiH- should be members of the Board as long as their respective terms lasted. The Boaril was organized April 21, 1874. with the Uev, Marshall H. Smith, president, and An- drew Foulds, secretar.v. For that year the estimate called for .'<12,i!ii4. School Xo. :'■ was opened in a rented room. Mr. i;do Kip Icii the Board by the expiration of his term, and special note was imule of his very valuable services during a lieriod of six years. In 1S7.") the charter of the city was amended, and the powcis ot tlu' Board of Education were more amply defined. The priniipal of the schoids was made ahso City Superinten- dent, althtmgh the authority for so doing was afterward [u-o- nounced imperfect. .\ Board of Examiners was elected to act with the Cit.v Superintendent in licensing teachers, and it became the cnstoni to recruit the corps of teachers from those who liad simply completed the cour.se in our own schools, TTie estimates for 1871! were !flO.!)r).">. In the year 1877 School Xo. 4 was built at a cost of $3,(KKJ, It was a structure of wood and sin)i>lied only two nioins. The estimates for 1878 were $12,280. This was the period of low depression following the financial crisis of 1873, and no i)iiblic enterpri.ses were do- ing more than hold Iheir own. In the years 18711 and 18.80 these <|uestions were mooted and warmly discussed: Should nol the grade of the schools be elevated throughout? Should not the so-called High School be made worthy of its name'' 104 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. .Slioiilil not toiu-liiTs III' rfi|iiii'eil to havf imiiiiiil tniiiiin;.' iiinl pass a severer test of exaiuinatiou? Some iiuiintained that the rank now i-eacbwl was unite snilitient: otiiers helil that the intellidenee of the eoniinnnity ileniainh-il a far higher eilma- tional stanilaril. The depression of llie town al last reailieil its lowest el)l). and the tiih- l)eiraii to tnrn. alllioiicli al tiist insensihiy. I'erhaps there was some foresicht or intnition of the reniarl<- al)le prosperity whieh the eity was tlestineil to enjoy: at any rate, the eall for new progress was insistent, and was too stronc to he resisted. In 1881 there were ehances in the eorjis of instnictors. 'Jlie connection of Mr. Kice with the schools terminaied. Ili- hail served eleven years anil aicomplislied excellent work for its time. His death shortly afterward called forth expres- sions of deepest aflfiition. His memory is fondly and justly cherished hy hundreds who. first and last, were his pupils. .Mr. (ieorire \V. Calkins heiame prinii|)al in 1881. He was a !;railuate of Brown I'niversity an!' City Sii|h-rintendent had lieeii invalidated I. to develop the course of study on lines parallel to the course in the schools of the city of Xew Vork. .V jLjood deal of injrenuily was ex- pended in this direction, whether or not it left imuli icsmU in the final sha|>iii); of the schools. The pernicious rule of electiii;; the iiilirc Hoard of Kiluia- tion every year came to an end in 188:{. when the law rcquireil that meiiiliMrs should he dassiHed. so that Init one of the three in a ward slmulil i.'o out of ottice each year. .Mr. Calkins was not reenca^'ed in 1884. He was an amialile jrentleman of scholarly i|iiiilificatii>ns. Imperfect health and bereavements ristrainiHl him perhaps from the hi^'liest nsefiilness, ami es- pecially deprived him of that force and eiiert'v wliieh were requisite in the future of the position. The city was firowiiijr decidedly; the schoolrooms were not only crowded, but cram- med: slrouK men were elected into the Board of Kiliicalion: there was no road but the road boldly forward. Through a pcriml from about 188:! to 18Si; the pressins: iiueslion was how to accommodate in any way the increasing IhroiiK of scholars, it was suftgested that School Xo. 1 be enlarged. It was snccesled to do away with the High School: There was talk of a new school that >liiiiild cost. perlia|is. ten Ihousaiid dollars. Meanwhile, rooms were overcrowded, and temporary quarters were rented here and there. But the saner and lH>!iler thonghl made headway. Attention had been altracled to a site at the corner of Blooiiifield and Lafaycilc avenues, where a plot of about twenty lots could be bought for $.">.lilll). It was elevated, geo- graphically central and aeci-ssible from all directions. It was thought to be an eligilde location for a school to which eoiihl be drawn all the more advanced deparlments. .\t .i ineetlug of the Hoard of Kdncation. .\ugust 28, 1884. it was resolved to recommend lo the City Council the immediate purchase of this pro|M'ily. The next nionieiit afti'r this leso- iulioli was declared adopted, llie newly selected iirincipal was introdilceil to the Hoard. I,et us add le-re Ihat .at a meeting shortly afterward the board resolved that "in future no new teachers be permanently engaged unless they are graduates of some norinal school." The new principal. Henry H. Hntton. came froni Waverly. New York. He was a man of Scoich descent, though born in the province of Ontario. lie had l>eeii gradn.-ited with the de- gree of A. B. at Genesee College, imw Syracuse I'niversity. He had made teaching his profession, and came to Passaic imbued with the ideas of higher education which were vital in the school system of the State of Xew York. He was in the fullness of his strength, overflowing with eiithusiasiii. and endowed with the courage of his opinions, rrofcssor Huttou found the schoolrooms cluttered and poorly equipped. The liiiildings. at the best, were but inferior. Tlie coui-se of study was still chaotic: but he found a Board of Education composed of intelligent nieii. K.icli was secure in his office for a teriii of three years, so that there could not be a violent change of policy. The board "as well disposed to sustain a leader in plans whi'.-h he might outline and recommend. The projected school building was debated on every side of the question. How large? What i-ostV \Yhat deiiartnients to accommodate? The architectm-e. the light, the ventilation, the heat, were discussed. Professor Hutton sketched the rooms required according to iiis judgment, and the architect was directed to meet his wishes. There were visits to inspe<-t edifices in other cities. There were conferences with the City Council about resources. .\t last it was settled at a figure of .?:{2.."i72. and. .laniiary 28, 1,S.S(;. the Building Coinniittec "reported the contract for the new school building signed and the required securities given, and that the work had been liegini." The event marked a golden milestone in the history of education in Passaic. It insured tlie elevation id' the High School, and, with its uplifting, all nlliei- grades luu.st rise in cM-iler to reach it. It fixed a goal liehiiid wliieli the city would iievei- have the desire to recede. Cniler the fresh ad- luinistration a course for the High School was requii'i'il as it none had been attenqited. The classes were kept at work, but no gr:idu.itions were perndtted in 18815 or 188(i, Xot until the latter year did the course outlined by Professor Hutton pass ti.e ordi.il of the Board of Education. And not until 1887. the first year in the spacious High School building, was a class disiuissed with hi)iu>rs. Meanwhile, the llraiuuiar and Piimary grades had been adjn.sted to the new conditions. In the year ISSC, the Xight School was inaugurated. Tile eeiirse aiiproved in 18Si; was a iil.iiii and substantial curriculum in English, extending only to the most obvious subjects. It was a matter of eight or nine years before it was fully developed from these beginnings under the advice of Professor Hutton. There was a demand to be excited in the minds of classes: there was a Board jealously guarding ex- penses to be satisfied, and there was a watchful pnlilic, whose iqiinions should not he antagonized. Professor Hutton set an exanqde to students by pursuing a post-.graduate course in .New York I iiiversily and receiving the degree of Ph. I), upon examination, in the year ISitl), The subject of Manual Training was lumight forwaid in 1811(1, but gained favor very slowly. The Classical-.Xcidemic course was shaped in 18!ll. I'p to this date Dr. Huttou had been princi|)al ami actividy engaged in (he woik of iustriulioii. In March, 18111, he was made City Superiuteudeiit, ami .Mr. Kutgers B. .lewett was appoiiiled iirimipal of the High School. -Vs might have been anticipated, the influence of a scholarly young inaii, direct from college, wholly devoted to leaching, was highly stimulating. The opportunity to proceed mion a course that might lead to co.h'ge w.-is seized with avidity. .\l the oiiposite extremity, kindergarten was introduced in ISIH. \'ocal music foumi place in 1S1I4. .\l;in\ial training gradually advanced until the hap|iy thought occurred to ulilize the old building of School Xo. 4 in 18'.l."i, t'uiler that riKif Manual Training and School Kitchen have flourished, .Mr. .Sedgwick Mather became instructor in Latin in I.sii,"i. The duration of study in the High School was extended tinm three years to fciiir in ISfCi. The compli te course of iustnu-liou 1 :..'S 1 ) ^4 ^^^1 ^^M. :w ., ■.T-'4" H flUBuHlfl THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 107 till- all L'lMili-; Mil. I ili-|i:iriiii.'iits. lis ,|..v.-l..|M',l iiri,l,'i- I >r. Iliil- sc\cii .1. |i;iiliiiriils: Knt'lisli. Ami.-iil I.aiii.'Mii;.'.'.s. Mclrrri r.aii- tiiii. wiis llh'ii .i.l.ii.i,.,! .111.1 piiiilcd ill thr iiiaiiiuil oi 111.. Hoanl KHaKi-s, .Matlic-iiiatirs. Ilislm-.v and 10i-iin..iiiics. S.-ic-ii.'i- and I.I l':.lii.ali..ii. Ill n-. ..iiiinrii.liiif,- il L.i- liiial a|.|ii-..l.Ml i..ii, Mr. Cniiniicn'ial liraiirlics. It is |iri-|iHi'i'il to civc a (.'.i.iil prrpara- Carr, s|....ikin).- f..i' llic spi'clal .■.iiiiiiiilt..', sai.l: -W".' liclicvi' ii..ii r,,i- l.iisiii.-ss. a th..ri)ii;;li. all-iin.mul i-.lii.atioii. or. Hilliiii il II. !..• the si'iniiiicnl i.f Piissair Ilial ..iir Ili^-li S.-l I pi-..- icasi.iialilc limits, to tit pupils for aii.v .-..ll.'i.'c or scii'iititic \UW as {.'III..! la. ililii-s as an' air..!.!..! I.y aiiv iii-i;.'lil.i.iiiii.- I..wii school." It is a splcii.li.l tcstiii y I., ilu- cllii-iciiry ..f iji.- "'■ '''*J'- cilmatioiial iiiarliiiicry wlicn tin- Siipi'riiitciiili'iit iiiii a.lil that .M";iii\vliil,-, llw ilriiiaiiii l.ii- M 111.., 111... Ills r..r all urailrs ti.iu- of |li,. class (rnKliiatcil in l.S'.IS \v,-\r ailiiiiitcd without hail l.c.'ii pcrsislciitly lux'.'iil. S.lioi.l X... 7,. i.ii I laiiisoii slicci. i uiiditii.ii t.. Wcllcslcy. .\c\v Yi.rl; rnivcrsily and (".diiinliiii. was l.iiil! ill I.S.S.S, pn.vi.lii.;: si\ i....iiis. .\,.\v .N... 4. al llowc .\iii| slill lli.-ic iiiiist In- i\paiisi..ii of scho.d prcmisi.s. In and I'aiilis.m a v. Mines, w us it.tI.iI in I.SIPI. ami snpplicl icn 1,S!I.S .iml I.S'.i;) ScIiimiI .\o. 2 is iindcrpiinK n-conslnicti..ii so '■ "^- '''l"ii '^"- ''• "II Haniilli.ii avi- , .iii.sc in l,S!17 and as 1.. .iffi.r.l I wcnly-two rooms upon the srr..nml which formerly ..pined sixteen rooms. npliiiii l.m ,.i-ht. An.l already the fonndatioiis are laid for .Mr. .Mather sueceedeil .\lr. .lewelt as principal ..i llie lli-li \,,. 7, ,,ii Slimmer sln-t. wheie eiyht rooms are to lie pro- School in l.S'l.-). and ii.nliiiii..l iw.. y.'ars. 1 >r. II111I..11 reliii vi,l,.,|. That the piililic s.-hi.;i II.Ji;.'. f..r S.I1...1I pur- sncceeiled in thai i.lliie liy .Mr. .\l. II. Small, and his ciiiiiim- p.,ses in the tiscal year 1S!I!I lo liKMI. ti..ii with !hi' schools ,l..s.'il in l.S'.IS. 1 1 is r,.,ni-.l ..f f.. nil. •.■11 Tli,. pr..-ress diirim; a recent perio.l may he i.hsc-rve.l al a .M'lirs is inetraci..-il.le. Slarlini: with eh valid ideals, he had |.a^ ;;laii.-i' in the ri.lli.wint': — ti.nilly wail.'.l lur ..hsia.h's h. !..■ i-eni..\ .mI ..iie l.\ ..iie. II.' had pressed llie advance i:s rapidly as il was prn.leiil. II.. t 'OM l'.\ i;.\TI \" K F.XIIll'.rr KOI! Till-; l..\ST K I . K V K N had retai I lli.' l..\.il siipp..ii ..1 shrewd and stalwart men ^'IC.MtS. in Ihe ever ihansrinf; Board of Kdncation. He had riimiiled ^ iiiiiiii.\ .il.ly I 111' solid striictnre of pnlilic inslrnclii.n for the ^ p . »' 1 60 t i^ - s ^ -* .il,\. His la'.isl nlti'iaiices. piil.li^li.'d in lli.' .\iiiiiial Kepi.rl .= r i . = i a ? of the Stale Siiperinlenileiit. sln.w thai h" was fully ni. lo i - '= 1 » S = ^ th.' hour in rcspi el to the newer topics ol sliid.v anil training:. CrC^^ - i ~ ••iiiil particnlarly alcrl iipuii llie now ininiinenl snhjects of ? Z y_ ^ c 9 g z | Irii.incy and coiiipnlsioii. Il is to hi' ailinilleil ijcii eilmal ii.ii is iiii.re sensitive to the spirit of t!ie l.atesl nii.iiieiii iliau aii.\ ..llier linnian activity. .\ot llial it is .lesliliUe of a lialhisl .if con.servatism. Rnt the childr.'ii are th.' lat.'st hnrii aiid hasten toward the fntiir.'. 'I'lie hi'st the pr.'si'iit has is Ih.'ir due. 'riie yoiillifnl teacher has an .idvanlanc in his yoiithf illness. 'Tlie man lately fn.in the nnix'crsitics. licarini;- alii.nt his person llie anh.r of eollcjic halls, may displace the veteran educator without .liscrcdit to him who lays off the harness and withont iiresniniition to himself in uirdiiii; il mi. Thns was Dr. Frank K. Sii.-inlilint; welconied to the oHi. .' .if City Sniierintenilenf in 1.S!I7. Bavins taken the 'l''-i' I' -^^ I''- •" .^mliersl and I'll. 11. at l.eipzif: I"iii- ,^,,,,|. .,11 i,.,^ ,„.,.,, ,|,„„. ,|„. ,|„.|ii,v ,,f ., seh.M.I must de- vi'is;iy. haviiiL' ill viili'i! special atlentiiiii to preparation for the , ^^^^^^^^ j,^^. ipialiticat imis „( teachers. The tahle here given sllperilitellilelll 's callill:;. ailil ll.nini; iieell lesteii therein, lie w.-is ailiniralily iiilalilidl lo lalo' lii.l.l ..f lie scln.ols ..f I'assaic with a tirni hand, lie liiinux tu llieni Ihe latesl lliiin;;ht and the IresllesI el it linsiasni iif his prolessioll. ,\ii w.in.ler if he sliiiulil dis.crii .-111 opporlnnil \ lo niiif\ anil emhellish the scho.d system. Ills work is in.i yet in the realm of history. Xovemher 1SSI9. He shall dctiiie il in his nw 11 words, after ef^'hteen months in oftiie. lie says: "The course of study has li.'cu thiiront;hly NAME. OHADE. r.'visi'.l. from the lowest primary t;ia.l.' llir..in;li llii' Ilit.'li Maurice II. Small Principal. School. This was iii.l dene for 111.' sake of eliniinaliiif: aii.\ Fiech'fic Beinent \ssistant. snl'jccts pri'\ ioiisly pnrsii.'.l, ii..r ..f .Lldiii^ v.'iv many 11. 'W .\. <;. H.ddin.i.' .X.ssistaiit. snhjects. l.ul diietly I., .'iirieli llie ol.l ..ii.'s an.l heller to adai.l William Billiniis Assistant. '.hem to the cap.icities and inlcresls of the [.iipils at ail points." .\. I.. Brainar.l V.ssistaiit. lieferrinj; to the Iliiih School, he notes -the addition of a Mary ('. Tracy .Vssistalit. compii'te coniiiierci.il .lepartmeiit. the e.Meiision of the science I-'aiiliie F. Wi'Ich \ssistant. courses and the introilncti'.n into ih.'iii of the exiieriiiiental Lizzie E. Dnff.ird \ssistant. method in plac of pure i.'xtd.o.ik w.irk. tin' l.r.iadeniir;.' an.l Kathi'riiie (i. I'ike .\ssistant. I'lirichini; ul the n.iirs. s ..f lii>l..ry an.l Kn>:lish. and the ad- Anna I,. Cray \ssistatit. dilioii III cnrrciil events and hi;.'l..'r ni.ilheniatics." .\iiil here is the siiinmar.A'. which miisl c.Kcile the a.lmira- li.iii ..f .'Very .■iliz.'ii of I'assaic. to w il ; "Il is now i|iiite safe NAMK. (iHAPK. t.. say that no Ili^h Sch.i..l in tic Stale has a in. in- th..r..iit'li. .Marjiaret ('. Kerkai \II ■\. adaptahle and extensive c..nrse of study, and few possess Let Lena H. (Jarrison \II B- ter practical facilities for carrying on their work snccessfiilly. Annette Y. Bonnard \I -\. Our school offers four years' continuous work in each of Alniji L. Smith \I Band \ .V. > y. > y. '^ s. o - H l.S.S.S-.Sll ."1 .l;,Sl),(Hi(» .TJ l.SKJ 3.()71 .$:^(i.7S(> .•>;-. ITli .'S2.*<.!l7'> l.SSll-ilO 1; S!).(KHI :!4 2.0.^(3 .3.(K)2 27.(134 12.1111 .•{!t.74."> iMtd-iil I! ,s!i.i)(i(i .',11 2.iir.:', :',.:',:::', :«.!i!Ci 2.712 aii.74.'s i.siiMu c, .sii.iiiKi :;'.! 2.01.". ::.-_'77 :'.2.'.ius l..">2'.i 34.497 i.s'.)2-!i:; 11 ,s!i.(Hiii 4.". 2.ii.''is :!.74:i ;!s.:{42 2.:'..s.". 4i>.72s 1,S!)3-!I4 II .sii.iHKi 17 2.S1'.I 4. ."IIS 42.4.">i; 1:1.7.').". .")(;.211 lS!l4-'J.'i 7 r_'."i.llllO .-.C 2.!i:5S 4.I!.S!» 4'.t.2(ll '.l.'.ISo ."iil.24S l,'-i).")-!Hi 7 12."i. ill :!.27i; .".US .".l.:i7S 41.:!oi; !I2.7:54 l,sin;-;i7 s 171.IHIII r,s .■!..'iH.". ."i.2si .Vi.17:'. ii.7o."> iil.,'<7.s is!)7-!is s 171.111111 71; ."..oitt ."i.!is!i ii7.2".ii 2. :'.:'>!• (;!i.."ii;ii l.'-iiis-iili s 17t;.iiiiii ,sl :',.7i;:'. r..4i'.7 7."i.s:!4 24.7ri7 luii.r.nl CI mains Ihe n.iiiics of th.' |. resent corps of Instructors :- The Corps of Teachers. HIGH SCHOOL. CKA.M.M.M; hKl'AKT.Ml-.XT. 108 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. SCHOOL NO. I. NAME. ciRADE. Kllii" <'iim'iiln»vpii. IV H- M:iry MiGiiin- Ill A. I.iilii <"iise Ill H. Miiiaiii Krirtitli H A nii.l B. ( MTlriido K. Wjitl 1 A. I.,U11 KI1SS.-II I I< .Ii-ssic V. S|MMT KiinliTiraiti'n. Klsic Dati'siiiaii KimlcTKarti'ii. tADE. . I'riiiripal .IV A. It. A. A. v.. It A. A. A. W .III III III III II II .11 U ». II r>. UK. I A. I A. . I A. 1 B. I B. . I B. . 1 B. . KiiidiTt Kindt rf . KIiiiUt; Kiiiili'iv aitoii. artcn. aiti'ii. artiMi. SCHOOL NO. 2. NAME. I'.vii T. Si-alirucik .\iiiia <■ Callaahaii Mar.v ('. Crabaii Caiulliii' Birilsall .Marcarcl I >. Staal.-i .Mart-'ilrrilf .Mills .M.vitl.- .M. Vi.u;.'li lOliKalicili U. CoiioviT Kliz-abftli Biiiiiiard Bi-itha C. Wood Mary K. iMiisii Harriet d. St-linx-di-r .\Iar«jiri-t Wi-lllii!: Mary K. Bu.klo Kdiia B. Stri-miiir Mayiiic K. Sjindford M. .K'liiiii- Siiiitli Grace Itt-yiiolds Lottie K. Story .Mar;.'.ir<-t (Jray < li'raliliiic B. Dcuiarcst (Jcrtriiili' H. Hupkins Klhi 1'. Biir;;li.r Sarah I. I >avisciii SCHOOL NO. 3. .NAME. .Miiiiiif -V. l.iTS Kiiiiiia L. -T!I. i Principal and SuiM'rintendeut.1 Colonel Benjamin .\ycrisp. lS7.'i-7S. (Columbia; .\. B. 1S24; Pennsylvania: Ph. D.I Itev. Charles !>. K.'lloSf;. ISTH-TH. i Princeton: .V. B. and .\. .M.I Kcv. Pliilii F. Leavens. ISTHSl. i I'niversit.v of Vermont: A. B. and 1). I).» .lames K. Stontenburc. IST'.IMI. iWilii.ims: .\. B.I Kev. Asber Anderson. l.SSl-,S.-i. iHuts-'ers: .\. B.l Professor Byron 1>. llalstea.l. 1 .s.S-_'-S.">. (Harvard: Sc. 1>.I I>r. (Jeorjie H. .M<-yers. 18.S:{-.S7. iCohimbi.i: Collr-c of Phy- sit'ians and Snrjreons: M. l>.i Kev. Williams Howland. lSS.->-!il. i Ivpis, ,,pal 'Phcolo^'iial Sclioid. Cambridge. Slass.: B. I>.i Frank E. Pellett. lS»7-9(». (Lafayette: A. B.i l>r. Samuel E. .\rinstront'. 1SS7-S.<<. i.Ml.any .Medical col- lege: M. II. I MAURICE H. SMALL, A. M. I Principal of Hiali Scliool.i H. H. HUT T'.'-,, F ., D. l-'oniHT city 8u[H>rinU>ndent of i^^bool.s. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. Uf llriiry II. Iliitl.iii, IS'.il ;iT. iSyniiiiso I'liiviisii.v: A. 11.; Kiv. 1". 1'. I .ctivfiis. 1.S.X1 -.VJ; Si-iiIciiiIht, IS'.PJ-lll. .N.w V..il< Iiiivir-ily: I'll. K.i Siiiimi'l M. ("o.ik. ],SM1 |„ .Iiinc 1KS3. I.i.iiis H. Cmr. ISSN-'Jl. lUaivanl: A. H.i I»r. ("hnrli's A. Cliiinli, l.'^Sl m I ).-,(.iiil,or, ISS2. Allici-t <>. .Miller. ISill. — . (Ci.lMiiiliiii : A. It. niu\ I.I,. M.I Nicholas .\ly.-!i. 1.S.S2-S.S. .I..I111 1;. .\iUiiiiuui. lS!i:i. - . iKiit^'iMs: .\. H.I Uiili;iiil Muncll. 1S,S:; Sd. \li\. \\illi:iiii I. Swoi-t. ISiri-n.S. (riiiiiii Ccillc;.'!': .\iiliiini Tlu'- Uriiiy I-'niiii. l.S.S:!-,S4. .ilu-i.-il SciiiiiiMiy: ]\. l>.i .FaiiU'S \. Spniiill. 1S,V3-SS. I'liiiik i:. Spanlilinj;. I.S'.IT, . i.ViiiluisI : .\. H.; L.-ipzi;; Tiii- ■I'lininas .M. .M.hh-c. 1HH;{-S.S. v.iviiy: I'll. D.I .I,,|,ii .M. .Morse. 1.S.sa-S7. Thr lily Hei-ccr, 1KS7-!tl; IH'.t:;-!!.-.. Washiii-lon Paiilison. 1K.S7'.i:!. Charles (1. llanUs. l.S,S7 In .Iiiiic l.saS; 1880-92. William .\liliott. l.S,S7 Scptcmlicr. I.. .Inly. l.'^flO. Members of the Board of Education. ■';•"" »• l'"'"-;-^- i'^';-;;--''; lliilicrt Uriu'iiilyke. 1S.S.S-'.)1. The four tirsi ii iiiicil wer • iiiislees nl the school ilistrict .lnhn F Wvnne ].S.S!M»L' prior 1.1 the charier ol' tin city. Mini hclil over 1. i their Icrius .\ithiir .1. Prall. 1S!HI to (),-lol,cr. LSI); ill tile lliiaill III lOllllctltiiill. \V .liter N. Kip, LSSil to Seplemlier. ].S;i2. Charles A. Crane. 18'jl to August, 1806. Arthur F. Kice. l.S'.H-l)2: 1H!)4-!I7. J)r. .lohn Sullivan. 1S91-97. Irviiii; C. .Matthews. l.SU2-n.'i. Dr. <:eori;e T. Welch. 1S1I2 lo .Inly. l.S'.li;. William T. .Ma-ee, 1892, -. Louis H. Carr. 1893, — . lames S P.i.hlell, 1874-78: 1879,^0. , „ iv..-} » i i .lames Kyan. 189.^ to .Inly. 10. K. Ilalsteail. 1874-7.">. ., . . i i> » ninoi.e Sylvester .1. lust. 189.! 91 1. Dr. ("onu'Iius \aii Itiper, 1874-78. ,, ,, , , », „ n.,,, i , i i ic<>- Dr. Edward De Baiui. IV.M .lannary. to .Inly. 189.j. Kiln Kip. ISr.S In Septellllier. 1 S7 I ; also ISSII-Sl. T. P.. Stewart. 18C.9 to Septemlier. 1S7."'i -77: is.s2-8:i Colonel Peiijamiii .\yerigf;, 1874-7."i. .losephus Hill. l,s7:>-78. .lohn Demarest. 187.")-7(;. .lnhn W. Clcnions, 187,V78; 1S79-,81. .1. Spciiic .\iiilcrsiin. 1875-7(1: 18.S,S-94. Dr. .lohn C. UerricU. 1.S7I1-77. .1. .M.inlcy .\ek. rmaii. 1S7i;-79. William .1. Cnnper. 1 S77 79. ThniiiMs llayilen. 1.S7.S-79. !■■. Wallace .>oiiiinus Petrus Tassemaker was at Schenectady, N. Y., in lliSli, and from there visited llaiki'iis.uk and Acipiaekanonk several times. He is lidicvcil to have pre.iched here then. In ItiSli, when the records of the Ilackensack church commence, he sets it down that dc.icoiis and elders were chosen separately "over the east" ami "over the west," the latter referring to this place. Diuninus, !' riiiirsi', lull lluy iirc iiiissiiiu. UllK!, ,'uii':ii'('i| licl'mc the Cliissis iif I'Miisliiiii; mi Si'p- Wo know \\ li.\ . riiii! (iiiiip.iniliN cly rci'i-iit tiint'S iniiiiy iliiinli iiiiiticr 'J. wlicii it is I'ocurilcd : — pnpcrs, siiMii' iiii|MiilMMl. soiin' IrilliTii:. wore kept in liiinilli's "Artiric !». ( inillaiiiiii' KiTllnilf. iit pivsciit ViKirli-siT in ill \,iriniis pliicc's ill ilir li s of loiiiii-r .liiiii li .,tli<|.|v<. ;.'i'ii- ''"' i""iKi;"«:ilii'iis nl' tw.i t.iwns in Nch- NciIhtIiiihIs. pn-scnu-il ally ill :i ciiiiirr iif a j.':iii('t. 'I'lir ii;:i'ct.'alii>n. ri- iinrstinu that tlii-y iniirlit prcscrvo lilni as llicir unliiiarv niiiiis- 111 li2(i was well lak.Mi ,ai<> ,,f. Init many iiiis<-..ilaii. ons papers ,,.i. .|,„i |,„si,,i-. n „as rc-solvc.l that this snhjcct shniil.l ),.■ wci'i' I'lilrnsti'il to llu' sal'c-ki'i'pinf; of one or anotlicr. until aotcd on tomorrow." soiiu- of tlic most valiialili- have lu'cn lost, prolialily forcvi-r. Tho Classis sat the iirxt ilay ami actiMl, ns shown in thr It is harilly salV to assert this. thmiKli. after heariiij.' a story followiii!: niinnte:— fiom the lips of the Ki'V. .lohn (Jaston. I>. T).. pastor emeritns "I" Session. Sept. ::. Hiii:!— Article .~i.— (inillai Hertholf. of llii> cliiinli nieiitioned nmler .\rtii-le !t in yesterday's si'ssi' "'ird and ordinances, and their peculiar attachment Ijtle lo a .crlain i.iece of propertv li.M-anse there was no record *" ""■.l"'''*"" of .Mr. Herlliolf. 1 hcin;; iinwillinj; to interpose any liimlrance. deem ii propi>r to admii him to a proof of his .'ifls and (inalitications. the examination lo hi- eoiidlietod liv the if a deed from llic I'aleiilces to ihc .liiircli. 'riiat the transfer had liecn I'ornially made was a mallei- of tiiiic-lioiiored tra- president, ami lo he held fonrleeii clays heiie ditioii. ami the title scenic, 1 assured l.y Iwo Iniiidred years of ( )„ ScpiciulMi- IT, Hertholf appeareil liefore the Classis. iimlispiilcd possession. Inn w> ilccd was on record. >Ir. Moore ;,||,1. pinviii;.' his lilnesss. was ordained. Doiiirnie Hertholf then siarclicil ihc I'assaii Coiiniy records in vain lor a transcript. icinrned to .Viiierica. heiiig the tirsi rcvnlarly installed pastor lie lin|.c'd lo liiiil a copy ill the orijriiial al Newark, lint failed ,,f his denomination in New .Ii-rsey. lie was not the first inin- aii.l ilicic was iioiliiiiu' "II rc.iird al TrciilMii. Hoiiiinie (las- isier in the State, that distinction lieinc enjoyi'd l>y the Rev. toll, we use the title advisciUy as one of ancient reverence. .Vliraham rierson. who went io Newark ill KitJIi, and next year ii'iinired aroniid the villa};' from likely persons, who unearthed oi-jranizcil a I'resliyterian elinrch here. He recordeil his ar- froiii various places doeiimcnts that had heeii ill their families rival home in the Kirkbocek. or church record, at Ilackeii- for generations. JIaiiy weri' curious and iiiterestin^r. liut none sack, as follows: — satislicd llic iiliject of his search. .\1 las! lie rude ,ivcr to ilic ".Viiiio l(i!l4. on the li4th of Felirnary. tJilihlon Bertholf home of .Mr. Ki.hard Terhiiiie in l.odi and explained the ditti- arrived froni Zeelandt. with a lefial Classical Heense to serve ciillv to him. -Mr. Terliiiiie icmcmliere.l a Imndlo of old doc,,- ^''^ l:i-''i-""''-. Shepherd and Teacher oyer .\.-.piip ek and .\ii to its iintiiral advaiitaKOs. it lias no lawyers, |iliysi<'laiis or parsons." Altlioiiifli Bcrtliolf was for tifti-t-n yc-ars tin- only si'ltled lucachpr in tlit- State, and labored at Kuritan. Tappan. Tarry- town anil on Staten Islanil. as well as near home, little is known aliont liiin. He probably ninio liere from Bergen (.ler- si-y Cityl witli tlie Patentees. He married Maretientje Hen- dricks. In the i-M'ords of the ehnreli there an entry is inaile of the baptism of one of his ehildren. Hendrick. April li. KiSO. However, as another. Oeniima. was baptized in New Vork May Hi. HISS, this is not ronrlnsive. His rharge here included Hclli'vilh' as well as Aciimii-kanonk. and besides the mission- ary work spoken r>f. from whieli grew i-lunches at many places. he organized a ehnrch at IVnds (Pompton Lakes) in 17KI. which was the lir.st north of the Pnssaie Itiver. He is described as being "in possession of a mild anil placid eloqiK>nee. which pur- snadcd by its gentlene.ss and attracted by the sweetness which it ilistilled and the holy savor of piety which it diffused aroniid." The records being missing, the number in his Hock at his death is not known, but two years later there were one hundred and niiu-ty-six active mcMibers in the Aci|uackaiioiik and Ponds churches. He received into the Hackeiisack church two hundred and sixty-eight, and in all his travels prol>ably added one thousand souls to the told. Kach of his churches promiseil to pay Dominie Hertholf one thousand guilders, or .$12."i, annually. The payments were presumed to be made half-yearly, tirst from the Aciiuackanonk and then from the Hackensack church. Kven this moderate stipend was usually in arrears. From time to time Dominie Hcrthidf seems to have donated the arrears to the •"poor- chest," i>r churi'h treasury. About half of his nominal salary was returned in this manner. One would suppose that when after thirty years of faithful service he bocaino too feeble to olMciale. some secure provision wiudd have been made for him. In \~24 he was obliged to retire, which he could ill afford til do. being a | r man. In an idil document, dated March -'•', ITi;4. it is agriH'd between the church and the Dominie that a young preacher from Holland was lu'cessary. It was agreed that a subscription paper should be circidated among the congregation "with all friendly importunity whatever they are willing to sidiscribe cheerfully in order to make up a yearly sum as long as it may please- tiod to prolong the life of the I )ominie." The | r ohl man assented to this free-will offering and signed a release for all arrears of salary to dale. The mu- niticent total of 21.' shillings (.f^.ti^l was subscribed.. Completely worn out, the Donnnie retired to his little farm near Lodi, where he gently breathed his last November 20, 1724. He is supiMised to have been buried under the pulpit of the old Hack- ensack I'hurch. His ilealh ended the conneilion between the two churches. Keligio\is services in .Vci|Uiiekaiioiik were at Hrst held in private houses. The old \'an WagoinT hoiisi- at Itiver Drive and (Jregory avenue was the tirst meeting place. The ne.xt was a rude shed standing where the present ruins of the idd parsonage are. on the hillside, east jf the cnurch. This eon- tinned until about 17ll."i-i;. .Meantime, fluids were being raised for the erection of a churcli building. The reconls slmw that 101 .lime i:t. 17 .S22 due Dominie Hertlndf fin- arrears of salary was civditi'd to the ruiul. On December i: .'p:!.S.,"ill was paid on the chiiich debt. Again, mi December 2(1, $27. ."ill was added to the fiinil. The building was of logs. lined with clay and thatched willi straw. The material and labor were largely contributed by the people. In aiblilioii. a ciitributioii was taken on the spot with which to purchase the liiiuor. the liberal use of wliicli was indispensable in build- ing operations of all kinds. The building was about 20x3li feci, had a steep ronf and a high cupola, but no bell. Tbdc was no gallery in the interior. The church was not he:ited in winti-r. The women carried with them foot-stoves tiUed with live coals at home and re- pli iiished at the N'oon House, the shed which afterward became the parsonage and then the village tavern. It was the build- ing to which the worshippers from a distam-e repaired to eat lliiir lunch, and sometimes, in bitter weallier. was used as a shelter for the horses. In tlmse days the tirst service be- gan at 8 or '.t in the morning and lasted until noon, when came a recess. The afternoon service began .-it hall'-p.ast ."> and ended in time to permit those from a distance to till their foot-stoves and make the long, colil drive home before dark. While the Iiidi.ans never molested llic Dulcli or interreri'd with church .services here, there was a time when .in attack was constantly guarded against. For a generation alter the ma.ssacre of the Indians at Bergen, the red nun were sus- pected of seeking revenge. So men cairicd tlicii- ninskets to church, a guard of armed men sat ne.ir the dom-. while others did sentry duty outside, lest the Indians should make the as- sembling of the community for worship the oc<-asion of a sur- prise that would mean a wholesale ii'assacre. For the same reason the men sat near the aisles and preceded the women and childrini to the door al the close of service. The people usually w.iilrd fir the minister to arrive be- fore taking their seats, spending the interval in gossip. In iliurch they were very decorous and devout, and attentive li>leners to sei-inons twn nv three hniirs lung and pi'ayers which seldom lasted less than an hour. With no docks and few watches, the hour-glass kept the time and was turned b.v the X'oorleser. His duty it was also to mark who were ab- sent and for what reason, to collect and raKe charge of the e( ntributions. The.se were of stated amount. The one-half of Doniinie Bertholf's salary met originall.v by Aciiuackanonk was divided in thirds among the llocks at Acquackanonk, lielle- ville and the Ponds. In addition, there weri- other collections to be nuuU'. It was tin- rnlr in nmsl clmrclies that all who participated in the building of a church should lie entitled to seats as long as they jiaid their proportion of the minister's salary. N'eglect tu do iliis fiir unr year and six weeks meant a forfeiture of the seal. The piirrhase price of a seat for man and wife living in llie vicinity. Iml wliu liad not con- trilinted to the building, was tixed al Ml guilders* or .fit), tifly for the man, thirty for the wife. Seats for children were secured al 2.S guilders for boys and Hi for girls. Xon-residents and newcomers were charged 120 guilders for man and wife. All these charges cariied with Ihciii the condition of con- tributing a share of the ministerial salary. On payment of from i; to 12 guilders annually, the seats became the abso- lute property of the holder. Burials were charged for by schedule: Heads of families, buried in llic ilninli. I.S guilders: all unniarried per.sons between 12 ami 2."i years. Ill guilders: children under 12 years. 5 guilders; lor ringing the bell at funerals, one guilder to the church and two to the liellringir: for nsi' of the mortuary cloth, two guilders in the ihiirch and one to the \'oorleser. The Voorleser was paid six gulden or pennies al least for recording a baptism. His annual salary was about live pounds sterling, ("oiitribiitions for the poor were held by the senior deacons, the newly elected dea- cons h.iving simply the oversight nf the same. The deacons were priihibited from investing this fund willinui tlu' consent of llu> Consistory. All disbursennints were to be paid at the exchange rate of "eight shillings to the ounce." V"r 'l*"! 9,';.»'''l''i'?"- ^'o"*" "''1 residents, not of Dutch blood, ure iccustomed to reckon in "BhillinBs." which are not the eouivaleiit of n oM?iboroi"te ,"„' K.SnS Z^'i. iTh"^'*„^" l*",""!'.'"'' K-ilHer of law cents, eight of which mav be reckoned an eun?vale,u to he do bu- n ol.l laborer, liorn in hngland, who did not come to I'assaic until 1S66, was accustomed to reckon his wages as IS shillings or it. 50 a day. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. J 15 Fui- .■! yi'.'ir i.r l\\.. .■iIIit iU,- dciilli ..r 1 i.iiiiinu. HiTllioll" llu' <-liili-cli ^^:ls wiili.Mii ;i |ia-.|ur, an the '■yinmt: |iivhc1iim- I'l Ilolliiiiil" liad Mill 1j<-(Ii (iilUil. Till' colelmili'd Now Ymk iiiiii- i>lir. I ho Kcv. Gualtaeriiis Dubois, hiid tlio nvcrsijjtht of tin- iliiiirli. Mltlioiigh tlic Ucv. ("(irmdiiis Vnii Smitviicu'd of Slalcii Isliind pivaclii'd Iumt as a caiididiitc. Oil olio oocasion. in 1724, tlio foiiiior locoivod •'live jHooos of oi(;lit." a S|>aiiisli ooill wliioli [lassi'd cuiroiil, and on anotlioi' forry sliilliii^-s. "Six piicos of olnlit" wrri- paid lo Doiiiiiiio Saiitfoit (Santvoordl. Doniinio Hiiliois oidainiMl llio lirst olilois ami diaoons oloctod aflcr till' so|paralion ficui llio llaokonsai-k cliiircli. I)iiriin; lliis |ioriod siilisi ri|ilioii |i.i|.ris ufn> lii-iiii: oirciilatod iu Ac-- qiiaiUaiiniik. !{.'llo\ illi- a)id .\ci..idrii itlu- Xni-tlii m- I'mids. plod^'ill^' iiionoy for tlio snppori nf tlio now ininisloi-. As tlio pi'opof pfoportion for oaoh noi>,'liliorliooil and family and llio sorvi<'os wliicli woro to lie rondorod tlioiofcir woro to ho do- olilod nil prcoisol.v before a call was niado. and tlioii tlio call was soul to Holland in soaroh of a ininistor who would ai- (1 pi its oiiiiditlons anil oinoliiinonts, it is not surprising that marly a yi'ar was s|>oiii in ihoso preliminaries. Till' call ri'ipiiri'd that I ho ininistor was to proai-h ;it "Ao- qi'oirnonk. Soikonriforos iSoooml ItiviT or Bollovilloi and Xnor- diii: ill all tliroo parts or places alfornatoly." He was to liegiii proaoliinj; at the latter plaoo '"whou their church is built." .Ari'anwiiile. he was to preach in Aoquackanonk two Sundays and the third at Belleville. The Lord's Supper was to be ad- ministeri'd four times every year hero and twice at Belleville. The people from Noordeii were allowed to partake of it twice each year hero, ami twice at homo. ' wlioii their church is built." He was to make houso-lo-honse calls previous to the Sacranionv anionj; the inoinliers residiuK in the neighborhood in which it was to bo observed. He was to preach with vigor and persuasion twice each Sunday, exeev>t the eight weeks of the year when the ilays were shortest. Whenever he preacliod during the week at Xoordoii. or Second lUvcr, it was to be only oil the Friday preceding llio Lord's Sujiper aud also on fast d.iys aud on Thanksgiving Day. tbi I'asch lEaster), Pfing- sler and Ascension days ho was to "preach iu ecclesiastical style, the first and second days but onoo." He was also to catechize his people. Ho was to bo noi imu-e than thirt.v-five .\ears of age. either married or nninarriod, and was to lire near the church at Aciiiiackanonk. It will be seen that the churches were accustomed to make ironclad contracts with tl'.eir ministers. In ri-turn. they agreed to pay a salary of eighty pounds. .Now York nioiioy. to be paid half-yearly, be- ginning when ho shoiiM sail from .Vinstordam. He was to have till' froo use of iho parsonage and free firewood from a lot .■ittaclied to the house. He was to be conveyed to and from liellevillo and the Ponds when ho went there to preach. The ("lassis of Amsterdam found an acceptable man who Would accojit the call in the Uev. Henricus Coens, a young li.icliclor. Ho sot sail from Holland October 7, 172.5. The liisi entry made by liiin in llic parish records the names of tl'oso ■■foniid hero as inonibois on my first visitation. March, 17'_'ll." Ho coinnicncod llio "N'ow Kogisti'r of the Consistory. \\ ho after "o hail iiivcdo'.l i ho awful naiiio of .lclii>vali. were \iy their associates and witnesses chosen to servo the church for a time, and wore (U-dained over the church at Aciiuackanonk and .Noordon: that is. taking the beginning with the year 172li after Christ's birth." The first marriage registered liy him is daio, he appeared before the Classis with a certificate purporting to have been signed by the faculty of the I'niversity of (Jroningen. A fraud was detected, and ho loiifes.sed lo it, being dismissed and warned to drop the stuily of theology. He was accused of a similar but successful forgi'iy when he came to America. His dubious ordinalion and the more serious irregularities were frowned uiioii by most of the ministers of his denomination, and Doininie \'aii Dris- sen suffered severely from the i-onsoiinont oslracisiii. Yet for twenty-one years he managed to find churches, anil served at Livingston Manor, Uenssalaerwyck. Kinderhook and Xew Paltz. His daily life showed an excellent spirit, his Christian work was crowned with success, and his energy and fearless- ness won respect. The dilHculty over Dominie Van Dris-sen's ordination was part of the discussion in the American Church over the pro- priety of separation from the Classis of Amsterdam. It was carried on under Ihe parly names of "Coeliis" and "Confereii- tie" for thirty years, and churches were dividwl, church doors I).v the Kev. Messrs. Hiisliomt. I)\ilH>is. Vaiidt'i'linde and Fre- lii t'lmysen. Diiriufr this time :ni iffuit \v;is madp by tlu' Ciictus to h:ivo this chiin'h uuitf witli tli.it cif SihchhI Kivrr 116 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC H.-ri- liM-kcd bv one part of the eon^Tegntion agiiiiist the other. For su^ar, rum. wine ami luitter £2. l.")s. 4d. preaehers were assaulted in the pnlpit. and puhlie worship was ]\"'r l>"l • 1' or liarrel beer il>s. • iisturbeil nr terminated b.v violence. Dominie \ an Drisseu . ^, , . . , , , ., . , . . II- ,i.- ,,„.,.,- After Dominie \ an Drissen s departure the pulpit remained was the hrst Diiti-h iiiinister to be ordained in this eniintry. ,.'.,. ,. , , , , .... , .■ •• 1 1 :.. 1 vaeant for nearly two years, duriiifr whuh time it was supplied aiid it was but naliiial that the "( onfereiitie. who desired the . , „ ,, ,t ^.._ .. t>..i :. i- ...j....i:.,,i„ _„,i i.'..,, lelatioiis with Amsterdam to exist, shimld assail him bitterly, (hi the other hand, the •■('cM-tiis" party desired a separate elassieal i>r«aiiizatioii. so that It should no longer Im- necessary ,,,.., , ,, ,, ,,... „. .„. in the support of Dominie Hashoort. minister at that place. that every minister should either come from Holland or fio ■ ui i ' there for" ordination. Tliev probably regarded Dominie Van 1' f""'"! "" "'•'""•" "^ ">^"- l'"'^'"'"' troubles, as appears by Drisseu as .i martyr tn the cause and the charges of forgery » comniunieation dated September. 17.50. from the Coetus to as the inventions '..( his enemies. This may have been the H'^" (''^''^sis of Amsterdam. The .Inirch heard of David Ma- basis of the .^teem in wlii.li he was held by many, in spite of >i"'is. a theological student of P sylvani.-i. who is hrst inen- tl.e scorn that was heaped upon him. The progressive ■Toetus" tioned in the journal of the Coeti.s. At a nueli.ig of that partv held a meeting of ministers in .New York ill 1787. at >""'>. held in New York, September 1!.. IT.-.l.'. -the President which a I.Ian of a C.H-tus or Assemblv. to be subordinate to >'■■■'<" "' 'l'*- ='--embly a letter from I'hilad.-lplna. laid upon Amsterdam, was matured ami presented to the different the table by Dom. Uitzeri.a of New York, win, I, lia.l In-eu cluir-IU'S. Another meeting was held April 27. HHS. at whi.li " ritteii by Dom. Schlatt.r. in the name of the Coetus of Peiin- Ihe plan was ratified. It was then sent to the Classis of Am- sylvania. as to the way in which they should act since Ma- slerdani. which wait.-.! nine years before it returned a favorable 'iinis belonged under our Coetus. After delilKratimi the (lues- aiiswer. ill 1747. Tile Coetus was then formed, and in 17.-.4 tion was found to be whether Marinus should be (xaiiiiiied it arouse.l the dormant oppositi.ai by proposing ,i separate or- ''.v the Coetus of Xew York or PeunV This qiusti..,, was le- gani/.alioii as a Classis. I of September 27. 17.'!ri. was from the .Mayor tiim in Hibri'W. (Jieek and Divinity, and passed so siiccess- of .Mbany. liilly that lie was adieitted to the ministry. All of which 111 the call extended to him from this church nieiitioii is „ as done to please the church at .Vci|iiackanonk and Poliiptoii, made of the sudden death of Dominie Coeiis, "who was iiiiex- which seemed to have held a high regard for this blight pectedly snatched away by death, by .lehovah, (Jod * * • and yuiiiiL' man. The call ran as follows: — that we have lived lonely for a loiisiderable time, as erring •■[,, ^l^^. njime of t!od sheep without an ordinary pastor: and .vet, not as if the Lord "\Ve call to David Marinus, theological student, as pastor in his goodness had not somewhat softened the piiiiil'ul and deep and teacher in the Ni'theiland Dutch Ketornied church of woiuiil of onr wounded members * * • and that it had again ■\c.|na.kan..iik and I'oniptoii , , , , , „ , , , , , , , . "Seeing that we. the Nelherland Dm. li lietnniied ( liiireli plea.sed the I>.rd to supply this our greatest want, re-estab- ,„. .\,.,,„.„.u., ,,, and Pompion aiv entirely bereaved of a lishing us ill our former state, under such rich im s of glare p.istor, and having heard with much joy, from aside, your in these blessed (iospi-1 days, of the .New Testament, and has ability in preaihing, and ,iie sutlicieiitly satisfied about y.iur sent forth in his spiritual harvest or clinrch a man of good 1''""'' condiicl, .11 r 1 • . 1 ■ /•!■.■ • o 1 "We. Ilie nndersi;.'ned KIders and Deaions of the .Nether- report by all peaceful virliie-loviiig ( hristians, especiallv bv i . i, , .. .. , , i . , , , , .> land DiiKh lietoinieil cliineli ot .Vcipiaek.anonk and 1 omptoii. I hose of Ins former ehiirch." The call was made withoiii a have in the name of ourselves, consulted Dom. Antoiiins Cur- ilisseiiliiig voice, "with the understanding tli.it he preach twice leiiius, and. after calling upon the holy name of (ioil. we have oi, the Sabbath, the word of (iod piirelv. besides that he cale- "hoseii and called you KevM David .Marinus. tlieoiogic;il stu- .hize ea.-h Lord-s Day the youth according to Ileidelbergh ''''"'.• "" ","'' "'-"""'•V I''"*'"'' ami Teacher, as soon as y„i, ,. , ■ . , ..... receive a lawlul message to preaili the \\ ord ot (Jod. imb- catecliism. and once during the week. His salary was lixed ii,.|v: ..s w. this, with our written assurance solemnly declare at eighty |iouiids a year, payable half-yearly, besides a dwelling to each and all whom it may concern that we I'all your IJev— w iih the groumls around and firi'wi.od. "Pir.«t, .\s a lawful settled pastor of the .Netherland Dutch It was about the lime that Dominie Van Driss,.n came iliat 'hiireli of .Jesus Christ, at Ac(|uackanonk and Poniptoi. in the ,1 • , , , , , ., I ,, , Province of New .lerscy. to preach the word of (!od. and to the connection between the church here and that al t ii' Ponds i, .i , ,i, ., i. »■ i ■ . i • • , .i n i w- uolil the cate'lietiial exercises: to administer the Holv Sacra- seems to have been severed for a time, Ou April (i, 17:!li, the leeiit, according to the institution of Christ: to exercise eliiiich chiireh building, near llu' pri-seiit Poiiiploii Steel Works, was discipline with your Itev'd KIders. And further to do all which consecrated. Mr. Van Drisseu ppMching the sermon and or- "'' ''''il'iiied by the ottice of a faithful and zealous serv.int of •'-■""« •"•• •'"- •" "- ♦•-istory. While he occasionally i;!'::!-;^!^^;- f l^"'i ^M S^l': '" ""' '""""• ' '"'" '" '"" <,.lidllcte.l .servi.e a, the Ponds, he .seems to have principally ' -Sei-ond, li'i particular your Uev. to preach in the summer .onliiie.l liimsidf to the church here, and styled him.self "Pas- seasmi six months— each Sabbath twice. In the forenoon you tor at Aci|iiackaiioiik and extraordinary al Pompton." In his "'" explain ,i free text, ami in the afternoon you will preach wcu-k here he was not as successful as his two predecessors ''"m tlu' lleldelburgh catc.hism. You will prcich but once, on ir.. i..r. ■„. ,\ ;.. , •• i-iw -ci 1 11. , 1 • . . ''"' '"''' ''lid si'cond Chrislmas days: the second dav of I'aas: He lef Ml the s riiig of 1 ,4S. I he plaee ami date of his death Ascension day and the second dav of Pinkster. Kverv week are iinkiiown. He had iiiarii..d .Margar.M (iolliam. October 22. .vour Uev. will catechise tmce: the time and place y.ai may 17;!(>. She died ami was buried in the churchyard here at the agree about with your Consistory. Three times your Itev. will expense i.f Ihe i-linrch. .Iiiiie 1. 17."«1, lliree ve:irs after the de- ■"'"■••"cli at Ac.piai-kanoiik and the fourth time at Pompton. par.ure of her husband. A l- .he Items „l evpeii.ses are- , , "■}"'^ " I"" .vonr Key. is sick or absent you will have to ,, , . , ' preach where the service the previous Siindav was tii take r or burial I.'is. idace. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. U7 ■■I'iiur liiiH-; :i vcni- .vniir Iirv. shall luliiiiiiistcr the Kunls siipiM T Ml Ai i|M.i(kanciiik ami (mw tiiiu's a year at I'limidnii. ami. oil uliMl ila.v hi-fmo the liunl's SuiiptT yuii will prcarh the I'lcparat'i'.-.v (lisi-imrsi', you may asrrcc alicuit \vith Imtli nf yiiiir Coiislstorii's. Twice a year yim will have family visitatimi at Aeiinaekamink ami twii'e a year at IViinploii. ■'So we pv iiiiise yimr Kev. for your srnlees auioui; us, yearly eighty pnumls. Jersey niouies." Ho is also promised the use of the parsonage, a little liaru for hcu's^-s ami e.attle. a well ami ganleii aud six aeres of himl. "We will kei'P all this iu repair. We will take tire wood to the Dom's house. I'oinplou will tind you fret' provender for your hcu-se I'ver.v year. And some of the Aequac'kanouk peoph' will. .ilso. brinj; .vcui something tVn- your horse, hut will not lie ohlijreil to do so. All this you will enjoy as loutf as yi iir Kev. ■nntinues to lie our I'astor. Tills we promise you in this way: K.uh meniher will give you a free-will offering towards it. to the KIders and Deacons. They will promptly eolle<-t these moiK'ys and will pa.v at the stipulated tinu's. "We bind ourselves ami our successors to the fultilhnenl of this contract: each successor in the Consistor.v to sign his name to this contract, liefore ordination, as it is also the custom in neiglilioriiig churches. We wish that before calling you we ei;ulil have heard you pre.'icli. but we have no doubt that if your ]iri'aching gives satisfaction, your salary will not be less but more. Hoping for a great blessing upon your labors we express our gre;il desire that you may accept this call, prom- ising you .ill love and kindness for ourselves and our church. "(Jiveii at Aciiuackauoiik. .Xovember 12. 1750." After receiving this call, Marinus pre.iched from time in lime for nearly two yiars. until he rcci'ivcil his license on Septi'inber 12, 17."J2, and was ordained on October S. nominie .Mariuus did not long ixcupy the parsonage prepared for him. The si.\ acres reserved for him wore bounded by Main avenue. I'ark place and the river, and imiuded Siieer's Park. The l>ominie vas loo niuch of a farmer lo bo contented with so .small a patch, and, besides, saw the need of a ihurcli near whai is now Patersou. On July 20, 1754, ho purchased a farm of ](K) acres near the Great Palis, at Totowa. as it was called. Hero presently was organized a church. Thi' peiiple of Totowa applied on November 12, 1700. for a portion of Mr. Marinus' sirviic. On April 2;i. 17.'il!. a unitpie agreement was made, by which Dominie Mariuiis was to receive £l]lj 11 year, of whiih Accpiai kaiionk paid i~ii .May .s. 17.'i.S. This was the P«>st farm and lionicslcatl. alludcil to in a previous chai>ter. where a picture of the parsonage as it appeared iu 18'J2 will bi' found. The greater portion of the house was built in 1747. 'I'he house rem.-iined in tlu- iiossession of the church for over 1411 years. The lirsl church building, ereili'd in 1702. was taken down about 17'ilMi2 to make way for a new edifice. This portiou of the building still stands, luit the churih was enlarged in l.S."i!t to nearly double its length. The le( 17'lii was raised by a hillcr.v. The following is ii copy of one of ihc tickets: — ".Vchi|Uakniiuck I.oiicry lor re- pairing Ihe I.ow Keformed Dutch church in Achi|uakniinck 17. and the call took ef- Icci .Miy I. 1774. lie was the minister during the trying THE OLD FIRST" CHURCH. da.vs of the Kevolulion. and wiin back the conliilenee alinosr forfeited by the ungodly conduct of his |)redeeessor. He was the first [lastor of the ong Island, to reside with his' sou, Jacob, who was a Dutch Itcfornu-d minister there. He died Janu- aiy ]!•. 1S20. in his Slst year, and his body was brought here to be buricil. The whole congregation attended the funeral .sermon, which his successor. Dominie Frm-ligh. preached from the text. "Your fathers, where are they, and the prophets, do they live forever?" The body was deposited in the church vault, where it remains, unmarked by a monument. The Kev. Peter FriK-ligh succeeded Dominie S<-hoonmaker March !>. 1817. His father, Solomon V., was pastor of the Hackensack church, and before the establishment of the sem- inary at New Brunswick educated many men for the ministry. He expelled to be made pri'sident of the seminary, but was passed over for Dr. Livingston. This was not the cause of what is known in the history of the denomination as The < Si eat Secession, but il was one of the petty, personal dilfl- cullies on which were engrafted doctrinal disputes, whiih rent the church asunder and caused the organization of the ■Icnomination known as The True Keformed Dutch Church. Solomon cnrrieil lUi a doctrinal warfare, which resulted in the secession, in 1S22, of himself and part of his congregation and many other ministers and communicants in this and other Stales. The son was in sympathy with the father, and in l.S'J.'i raised the iiuestii f infant baptism, which caused the secession. The custom hail prevaih-il of baptizing all chil- dren, whether their parents were communicants or not, from lime immemorial. On the 2."ith of .March in this year Dominie Fioeligh informed his consistory that he "could not conscien- tiously administer the sa-red ordinance of baptism to in- fants unle.ss one of the parents was a professor of religion." .V meeting of the church was called, at which twenty-two votes were cast in favor of his position and only one. Garret .1. SiH'cr. against, while nine refused to vote. When this action came to lie seriously i-onsidered, the large body of members who had not allcnded insisted that they had not had proper notice of the meeting. This caused a controversy, which was referred to the Classis of raramus. The Classis dissolved the relations between church and pastor on April J'.l. and Dominie Kroeligh immediately organized the True Keformed Dutch Church of .\ci|uackanonk, taking with him the greater number of members and many of the most in- Hueiilial. In less than three years Mr. KriK-ligh committed suicide, while si ill ministering to his new church. The step he had taken preyed upon his mind and remorse killed him. He was the last pastor of the old church to preach in Dutch all his life. The Kev. Benjamin C. Taylor, pastor at (Jreenbiish and BliHiming (Jrove, was on a visit to his father-in-law. the Ilev. .lames Itomeyn of Hackensack. at the time of the trial la^fore the Classis. He was asked to preach on the following Sun- d;iy. and ideased the church so well that he was called and installed as pastor on September U.'i, l.so.",. His stay. Iiow- .■vir, was short, as on ,Iune 1'.». 1.S2.S, hi> n'signed to go to the i'.ergen Dutch Keforineil Church. He is best remembered by his work, entitled ".Vnnals of Classis of Bergen and Hacken- sack." which is -in authority on the affairs of that (.'lassis. The Hev. Christian Zabriskie I'aulison was the next pastor. He was of the well-known Hackensack family of that name. and was Ijorn in IMCi. graduating from the seminary at Xew Brunswick in lS2t;. and serving nearly three years at Marble- town before being installed here. Having been reared in Hackensack. the home of the secession, Mr. Paulison symi)a- thized with the tenets of the True Reformed denomination, and in 18^}! seceded also. In 1S:{1 he went to Hackensack and became minister of the True Keformed church there, where his congregation built a new church for him. In 1832 he was deposed for failing to agree with all the doctrines of the se- cession, and organized The Keformed Church, an indejien- dent body, having churches at Hackensack and Paterson. His change of convictions is illustrated by his literary work. In 1831 he |)Ublished a pamphlet entitled "Development of Facts .Justifying a I'nion with The True Reformed I>utih Church." The year following he again seceiled. and pnlilishod "An Address to the Friends of True (Jodliness Yet in Connection with The True Reformed Dutch Church." He was minister of his independent church until 184(1. anil died in 18.")0. During the i>astorate of Dominies Taylor and Paulison the secessionists in Acquackanonk had outnumbered the parent church, and their building was larger than that of the older body. But in the person of the Rev. \Villiam Bogardus, the next minister, it saw better days, spiritual and temporal. Dominie Hogardus was a remarkable man. Dr. Sprague, one of the foremost of church historians, says of him: — "Few servants of Christ in the American Church have been more almnilanl in lalicrs and in substantial results. » * * There was an unction, too, in his delivery, a silvery clearness in his tones of utterance, that caught the ear of the listless /learer and went thrilling home to the awakened conscience and the believing heart. * * * There was a spiritual power in his [lastoral administrations, which, in connection with his labors in the pulpit, must account for the uiinsually large nnin- ber of souls brought into the kingdom by his ministry." Donunie Bogardus was a gooil tcmiierance worker and fought against the abuse of liquor at "house-raisings." These festive occasions frequently had Ijeen the cause of injury and even death. His period of service here was twenty-five years — from .Tune 22. 1831. to .lanuary 3. 18.3(j — when the church reluc- tautl.v accepted his resignation, which had become imperative on account of ill-health. From here he removed to Paterson, where his wife. Charlotte \\'illsie, died at the age of 72. on Febrnary .".. ISCil. Dominic Bogardus died in Kinderhook the next year. He and liis wife, together willi liis daughter. Mary, the wife of the Rev. .James Romeyn, 1). 1>.. of Hacken- sack, and son, Stephen, who died at St. Croix. West Indies, were buried in the churchyard. The inscription on Dmninie Bogardus" stone reads:— Rev. William R. Bogardus, Died February 12. 18(i2 Aged 72 year.s. 11 months. V.I days. Fifteen years pastor P. D, Church of New Paltz. N. Y. and twenty live years of R. D. church of .Vcquackanonk, N. .1. "For he was a good man and full of the Holy Ghost." His daughter, Julia, married Peter Merselis. They were the parents of .John "Hen" Merselis and brothers, of Clifton. The Rev. ,J. P.iscal Strong came here from the Third Reformeil Church of Jersey City to be the next pastor. He was installed December 21, 18,">l). He endeared himself to his people and to every inhabitant of the village, and interested himself in many gootl works outside of his denomination and church. He was an earnest and eloquent preacher. On June 18, 18'!!(. he resigned after a successful pastor;Ue of thirteen years. The North Reformed Church had been or- ganized through his instrumentality, and he wished to build it up. Mr. Strong died a few years ago preaching in the pulpit of his church in Xew York State. He had Just utteri>d the words, ".\ man may die as easily as a star falls from heaven." THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. JJ9 wlioii he (liMiipcd ilrjiil. His wicliiw :iiiil smi nl iii mil |<> Pas- saic to livi' a few joars njio. Kortuiiati'ly fm- tlio olil clninli. Dr. Slroii^ was succi-edud l^y a i;. His [lariiils wire William B. (iastoii and Elizabeth, sister of the late Rev. Jacob Kirkpatrick, D. D.. of Uingoes. X. J. He was received into the Keforuied Dutch Church at ISaritaii in l.S44 .Mr. (Jaston desired to resign his charge, but his con- gregation persnaded him to accej)! an assistant in the person of the Rev. Frank E. Spaulding. In liSila his advancing years ciimi)elled him to relinciuish his work, bill lie was chosen jiastor emeritus. A more e.\teiided aiciniiit uf liis life is given elsewhere in this work. The Kev. Anie \'eiine:ua. the twelfth ami present pastor. came here from Port Jervis in ISS)."!. and succeeded to the full conlideiii-e ami esteem of his people. It is owing to his energy lliat tin- < liiinli Ikis ilciiileil in creel a new i-dilice. soon to be I'oinnu'nced. at the corner of Passaic and Paulismi avenues. This is a step that was contemplated during I'r. (Jastoii's pastorate, when .'fl!,(KHI was spent in imiuoving the present building. The new chiircli will be one of the most biaiitifiil in the city, and it is expected that it will be com- pleted without disturbing the endownieiits of the church, the uccuniulutions of a hundred years and llu' proceeds of hinds which have grown valuable during the last generation. Mr. N'enneiiia has inieii'steil himself in tin' liistm-y i>r his church, and a volume wmlliy of the sub.ieit may be e.\pecleil from his pen some day. The church was migiiially incorporated Manh 2.'!. IT'.I.I. by the naiiU' of "The Trustees of the Protestant Keforuu-d Hutch Cliundi of AclKiueghinonk." f)n Augnsl 2-1, 1874, the ollicial title was changed to •The Protestant Keformed Hutch Cliiiri-li of .\c(piackaihiiik." ll is iisiially known as the First Ki fiirmeil t'li'irch, or the ■((Id First." In till' aulumn of l.HL'."> the Rev. Heiijamin C. Taylor orgiinized the Sunday-school eonm-cted with the eliiiri'h. The lirst superintendent was tiarnibraiit Van Houten. The ses- sions were held in the church galleries. A number of the scholars were colored and sessions were suspended during the winter. This was the ease for many years. The school did not Income a large one until I>r. Strong canu- here, when In- arranged for sessions all the year riniiid. It is now as large as any in the city. The True Reformed Dutch Church. This cliunli was .11 r llii.M- rnai.-.i .iniin- ih.' (ir.'at Secession, after a bitter doctrinal fight, which has already been described. In the "History of Passaic and Bergen I'oiui- ties," Dominie .lohn Berdan, then pastor of the church, states that it originated "in the controversy of l.S22-2.">, in which ex- ceptions were taken by iiart of the Reformed Dutch Church and ministry to the mollified Calvinism promulgated by Dr. Hop- kins. Those objecting to the Hopkinsonian doctrines of atone- ment and natural ability, ami adhering to the old confession of the Synod of Dordrecht, styled themselves the True Re- formed Protestant Dutch Cliiuili. .iml li.ivc since iiiaintaiiicil a separate organization." The Ai'ipiackanonk chnri'h was organized in April, lS2.j, with fifly-si.x members. The first consistory was composed as follows: Elders— Walling ,1. Van Winkle, (Jarret Bush, Abra- ham I.inford. .lohu (J. Van Riper. Deacon.s— Henry Schoon- maker. (!arr<-t Cadnuis, Henry Kirk and .\iidrew B. Van Biissuin. The Rev. Peter I). Froeligh was the first pastor, and remained sii<-h until his tragii- death on February Id. is:;.s. Then for over fifty years thc-re was one pastor, the Rev. .lohn Berdan, reared as a farmer, mit possessing a college education, but a self-taught siholar, who was so thorough a stinlciil ili.ii 111- wa'^ .■NMiiiiiivd by liis flassis in Hebrew, THE OLD 'SECEDER " CHURCH. Latin, Greek ami divinity, and receiveti the high compliment of ordination, the usual requisite of a college diploma being waived. Dominie Berilan dii'il in LSS."!. . l>ominie Bi'rdan preached in Diil.h and English until the day of his death. For 120 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. si-vcral y.sirs the pulpit w.is filled liy supply, until IS'.*"'. wlii'U till- lU-v. .liiiiics F. Vail Hoiitcii lii-iiiiuo pastuf. The mcm- liers of the < sistiiry nre: K. A. Van Home. .laeoli Hakelaar. Conieliiis Kevitt .•mil Orie Taiiis. The ehm-eli worshipped for sevi'iity years in a stone Imild- iiig erected in l.S^.'i on a lot fiiven for a cliureh and buryinjj ;.'roiiiid liy "Bioin" Aikermaii. tlie leading village uicrehant. It was torn down to make way for a luisiness block erected l.y .1. V. Morrissi- and C. W. Falstnan. who l.on«ht the Main avenue frontage of t!ie properly. The cliiinh worshipped for a time on the ii|iper Hoor of a frame dwelling Imilt on the I'rospect street side, but in ISilil a [iretty little ehureh c.S, and was an ofTshoot of the I'"i|-st Ueformed Cliiirch of Passaic, better known in church records as Ihe Church of .\cipiaci|anonk. Its first iiastor was the Itev. .1. Pascal Strong, who gave to the ciiii.se three years of earnest, devoted and snecessfiil labor. He was loliowed by the Uev. Charles D. Kellogg, under whose leadership a debt of .$10.(KMI wa.s raised in a single year. In 1880. the Kev. Asher Anderson l«'came pastor. During his pastorate he was the means, under God. of awakening a re- vival of religious interest, the result of which was large ac- cessions to the membership of all the churches in the city. In 1885 he went to Miistnl. Conn., on a<-count of ill-health. In the following year the present pastor, the Rev. J. H. Whitehead, was installed. Mr. Whitehead soon recognized the necessity for a more commodious church building, but found a church deiit. which he readily saw was a barrier to any effort for church enlaigeineut. and at once devoted himself assidu- ously to its e.vtingnislnnent. This was accomplished, and in due time a movement for the new structure was begun, but not a sod was turned until $2.'i.liOli was pledged by the congre- gation, certainly nui .-i lidi one. but in .ill its history a most liberal one. .\ special feature of the building is found in its menu)ria! windows and in the furnishings, which in many in- stances were the gifts of interested friends. The dedication of the structure, on .\pril 2tj. 1801. was a noteworthy event in the religious history of I'assaic. The church has a memlier- ship of .'Jol). Its contributions to benevolent purposes are much above the average. It abounds in good works, and there e.\ists a delightful social atmosphere among its mem- bei's, which its genial and beloved pastor constantly enccnirages. The church editice, the commodious chapel and the par- sonage are situated on the corner of Hamilton aveune and .IiffiTsoii sircet. nil an aiii|ilc UMrt .if i.-nnl. il.ii.iu-.i r..i- the inirposc liy ilie late Kilo Kip. A bequest of live thousand dol- lars by Mr. Kip is being used as a lever for lifting the moderate niorlgage still existing on the church jiropert.v. an effort that promises to be successful. Thus in the near future the whole of the valuable property will be entirely free from encmn- br.ince of any kind. The death of Mr. Kip. on February Hi. ]S!l!), was a serious loss to the congregatlnn. who had from ihe tirst enjoyed the benefits of his deeply spiritual coiin- .sels and example of his abounding liberaliiy. He was a model Killer and highly esteemed for his wirk and his worth's sake. Two churches, the Ueformed Church of (iartiilil and the Ki'formed Church of Clifton, were organized in l.S!ll and l.s!t2. respeiiivel.v. but almost exclusively from members of the North Church. Notwithstanding these large exoduses and the dismissal of nii'iiilicrs to New York and other places, the iiieiii- bership has not only held its own. lint has manifested steady growth. This gmwih in nnnibers has been aci'ompanied b.v growth in usefulness. The organizaiions of the church iii- iliiile a large and nourishing Sabbath-school, of which Mr. T. IJ. Goodlatte is the progressive superintendent: the Ladies' .Missionary Society, the Ladies' .\iil Society, the AVilling \\ orkers' Circle of King's Daughters, the Senior and .lunior Clirisliaii Kndeavor Soiielies and the Conklin Mission Band. The rollciwing are Ihe olttceis of the i-liurcli:— Minister— Uev. .1. H. Whiteheail. Klders— Thomas M. .Moore. A. Z. \'.in Honieii. DeWitt C. Cowdrey. T. R. Goodlatle. Frank Hughes. Deacons— .\. C. Wortendyke. U. C. Wiuship. Charles K. Coleman. .lohn Wonlley. .lolin T. \aii Itipi-r. The First Methodist Episcopal Church. Previous to ],S4;;, religion in .\ii|iiackanonk was represented by the Reformed Dutch Church and its offshoot, the True Re- foriiK'd Church. In that year the tirst meetings nf the Metho- dist denomination were held in the ballroom of the ol.I Tavern. t>ut of these mee'iiigs grew the first church of any de- THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. (21 iii>i]ilii;illiiii nllifi- lli.'in ilii' Ui'l'iinjii'il. It is iiiiw kiiiixvii iis llic l'"irst Jlcthiiilisi Kpiscopiil Cliniili. Tlic Krv. I,. ('. Miillei- is llio i>n-si'iit piistor. iiiid its nllici'i's :in- as I'lillnws: — Otticiiil Bimnl- I'rcsiiU'iit, Hev. I.. ( '. MiiIUt: Ticasuivi-. I )r. II. !•'. I'ntcsniaii: Si'cictiiiy, (Ji'di-^'c A. Woodruff; Fiiiaii- ci.il Sccri'tiii-.v. Oliu S. Twist: Cluifcli llisloriiin. ('. K. Atkins: 'ricasuii'i- of lii'iicvolnit ('olliMtioiis. Itf. C. A. Kiic: (ionlon Diiiui, I>r. C. M. Howe. Kihviii Flower. I.. W. I.aUo. .1. K. Iliiirlh's. .\I. V. Ko.ilittlo. .loliii Adniiis. A. I'. ( ..ii.ujl. 1-:. C. Cole. II. K. Uonl<. I>. Cailislr. W. II. Ciiivy. Ini Atkinson. Dr. K. W". Ili.kni.iii. K. Twist. \V. II. .la.kson. T. ('. Lucas. S. II. Willia-ns. (ivxvui- S. Al.lons. Isliii-s— T. C. I-iicas. .M. I". l>ati'snian. S. .M, Hii-cli. U. Carlisli'. Tile followiiifr account consists of extracts from a i>apcr rciiil h\ Cliarli's It. Atkins, liistoriaii of tlic church, at the ceiehratinii. on .Novcnilicr Jll. IS'.IS. .if ilie t wcnt.v-titth aniii- vcrsar.v of tlic orcupaiicy of tin' prcsi'ui Imililin^: — .MclhiMlisin in I'assaic d.itcs liai-k to lS4o. when a Sundav- school was orirani/.ed hy sonic workmen c-onni'cted with a foundry at I'assaic Hridirc Ili'rc a yc.ir later. ,i church was Iiuill, and, in due murse. dedicated liy the Uev. I). I'. Kidder. The lot upon which the church si I had lu'cn doinitcd by a .Mr. Frazier. and was situated on the west side of the Itivcr road, aliout 2(11) feet ncu'th id' the Krie Itailroad liridsc and may still be identified by a uroup of trees in a lot adjoining the liiopoi'ty recently irccuiiied as an Knicrj;ency Hospital. Here the work of the Lord flourished and the society increased, and was in a prosiierous condition until the destruction of the foundry by fire, causiiif; the removal of nearl.v all the foundry and mill hands. As years rolled on tlu' centre of populaliiui moved toward the vilhifre. the attendance r. Aycrigg. the build- ing being taken down and rebuilt on a lot given b.v Dr. .1. >I. Howe, and situated at Prosiiect stri^et ami Howe avenue. The last sermon was preached in the old church at the Bridge b.v Dr. .1. M. Howe on Siind.iy morning, .Inly -. bSli"), to be- tween thirl.v and forty persons. Services were held in thi' Aiademy building until the re-erected building was ojiencd ami dedicated by Bishop .lames, later in the same year, l>uring the next few years the cluir>-h gained steadily in membership and iiitcnst. The lity was growing, and the chtn'ih must kci'p pace with it. and a new church was ilc- niamled. It was not. h.iw..ver. until l.'^Tn-Tl that real work was done in this direction. Dr. .1. .M. Howe had luoiniscd that when the church should be readv to build, he would diuiate a suitable buihling lot. .Now tln.t tlnw were reaily to move forward, he deeded to iliem. in fulfillment of his promise, the lot (Ui tin- .oilier of Hloomlielil ami Cregor.v avenues, and there was built the church of tod.iy. The old building had. in the im-.inlimc, been sold to the city, and was for many years used as a City Hall, services being held in tlu' meantime in School N.i. 1. The cornerstone of the new ihurch was laid September 11. I.STI. by Dr. Brice. Dr. .1. F. Ilnrst and Dr. Dashi.-U. I'arl of the building was occupied by the Sunday-school before it was eutirel.v comideted and was finally ilcdicated as St. Ceorge's .Methodist Episcopal Church of I'assaic. X. .1.. by Bishop Wiley. Dr. mow Bishopi .1. H. Vincent and Dr. Dashiell assisting. The life of tlu- church under that name was short. The h.ird times .if IST.". and following years were more than a matih for the financiering of the ollicials of the church, and in spite of all the («), It is this mort- gage which is to be liiu'iieil tmiight. During the twenty-five years of the preseiil church, we have had eleven pastors, four of whom. W. Day. S. Van Benschoten, ,1. (•. Winner ami J. Crawford, have gone to their reward. The nil II sent us. both for the old and present church, have been nu'U of culture ami learning, and fearless preachers of the tmth. as it is in Christ .lesus. .VII of them have stood high in the affairs of the ccmfereiice. the Kevs. Hilliard. Hurst. Craig. Van Benschoten and Bryan having been sent as representatives to the (ieiieral Conference, and the Kevs. MeCarroll. Hilliard. Craig. Benschoten and Uyman have Iuhmi honored by ap|ioint- ment as presiding Elders, and one has had conferred upon him the highest hoieir in the gift of the Church. .1. F. Hurst, who served I'assaic in l.S,1!l-(lll. having, in l.SSd. been electer. G. H. Whitney, who siTvod three years, he being suceecdeil hy the Rev. Wil- liam Day. who bore heavy l)iirdens for two years. In the sprinc of ISTti the chiin-h. not lieiiig able to support a regular pastor, we were left to he supplied. Distinguished ministers hlled the pulpit from time to time. In the fall of that year Miss Anna Oliver was engaged as stated supply, and remained until iiuiference. wln-n the Kev. .T. K. Bryan was sent to us. during whose pastorate a revival was experieneed, resulting in over ,one hundred eimverts. The eonferenee of 1870 ap- pointed the Ilcv. J. W. Marshall, to whose ministrations and ninnagenient of affairs generally the ehureh owes mueh of its later sueee.ss: eiirrent expenses were met; eaeh year saw .Sl.(MK»of the indebtedness paid off. Mr. Marshall was sueceed- eil in 1S.K2 by Dr. S. Van Bensehoten. who still further earried on the good work, and during the two years of his pastorate addeil mueh to the .spiritual growth of the <-hurch. and also reduee Dr. ('. S. Ityman eame to us, and for three years did noble work for the eause of Christ, heaving the ehmeli stronger by lifty nu'inbers and a reduetiiui of .54.000 of the ilebt. Following Dr. Kynian came the Hev. .T. B. Brady, who also served us three .vears. during wliii-h tinn- revival services added over one hundred to tin' rlinreh. The Kev. .lohn Crawford next ministered to us for Ihice yi'ars, and was helpfid to us in matters both temporal and spiritual. -Mueh lU'eded ehauges in church ventilation were effected ami $1,0(M> paid on the indelitedness. Brother Crnw- foril was succeeded, in l.S!t4, by the Kev. W. 1,. Hoagl.-inil. to whose earnest efforts we owe the present clieertiil aMdilnrium'. the entire room being redecorated and refurnished at a cost of over .f.'i.Odd, that amount being raised by his personal so- licitalions, excepting the renewing of the cushions, the cost of vvhicli — about .$."iOt» — was raised by the Ladies" Aid Society. I>uring tlu' l;ist year of Dr. Iloaglant ami rl>.' i.-l-h- lar contributions given for the benevolences of the church. In his report to the conference in 1.S80 Presiding Elder Coit says: "The church of Passaic, maintained on its present basis, is a model of financial skill and self-sacrificing effort." Again, in 1884. he says: "Th(> church at Passaic still maintains her heroic struggle and continues each year lu nicri all expenses and iia.v off .$1,011(1 of her indebtediu'ss: surely, such real sjs- tematic labor ought to receive a vote of thanks from the con- ference." In 1888 the present financial plan was adopted, and each spring there is pledged a sum estimated b.v the oiticial board to cover all exiien.ses for the ensuing year, and tlic end of the year shows that the pledges have been paid and the balance is on the right side of the ledger. Vnder this jplan all regiUar contributors to the running expenses of the cliurch are assigned a seat or sittings, as the case may be. which they may call their own for that year. During the twenty-five years that have [lasseil the church has contriliuted to the various expenses and beuevidences as follows: — Salaries of pastors, presiding elilcrs .uid bisliops. . . . $47,01)1) Itnnning expenses .".I.immi Improvement to church propcrt.v ;ind |iuri-li;isc of ]n-op- erty at Lexington Chapel and ('.uilnn Hill l.'i.DOO Paid on indcliredness 12.000 Benevolences l.").IKX) T.ilal $120.(H:m) The Ladies -Vid Society has done noble work in many ways, being always ready, when called upon, lo do whatever has been riMpiired of them, and iiol always waiting In lie riillcd ni:on. Of their many works. I will refer especially in ihe new I ushions. iiiMvided at a cost of about $.oOO. and llieir efforts in liidialf of our debt. On a previous occasion they li.id raised aliont $."iOO. and I think 1 .-ini right .and tail- in s.-iyin^' ih.il. to a great extent, they are icspniisililc (m- ihc Ipiuiiiiig nt the mortgage tonight. St. John's Episcopal Church. This parish was est.-ihlishcd by the labors of the Kev. Henry Beers Sherman, .\. M.. redor ot Christ Church. Belle- ville, who hidd servii'cs here occasionally, making il a niissinn- ary station in connection with his own charge. The first entry in the minute book of the vestry records is that mi Odolicr :!l. 18."!). at the house of David 1, .\ndersoii. Colmicl Hcii,iaiiiin Aycrigg was chairman and (iilead .\. Smith was secretary of a meeting called to organize the parish. The following were noininated as suitable members of the vestry, and it was de- cided to give ten days" public notice of the nominations, ac- cording i.r l.iu: I'.ciiJMiiiiii .\yrrigg. F. W. Tonikins. D. I. Xn- dersoii. K. .\. Tcrlnuir. W. S. .\ndcison. P. C. Cothn. (iileail .V. Sniitli. .\ coininittei' was .ippciinlcd In s|,lcci a place of worship. Il leased S|ieer"s H.ill al .$100 per aniiniii. .\ meel- ing was held in lli.' hall on November ;;i). :il which the vc'sliy- men nominaU'd were elected. .Messrs. .\ycrigg and Tiuiikins being chosen as wardens. -Mr. Shernian ollicialeil as minister until December 2"2. 1S."J0, when the vestry passed resolutions thanking him fiu' his ser- vices, and accepting the appoiutmeni by the Bishop of the Kev. Samuel Clements as a luissicMiary lo the parish. Thi> parish then consisted of eight families and twelve communi- cants, with thirteen scholars in the Sunday-school. It agreed lo pay .\Ir. Clements a salary of .$."iOO a year. It also purchased an organ, costing .$4li2. Mr. Clements was a graduate of the Cniversity of Pennsylvania and the Theological Seminary of X'irginia. He had been rector for se\eral years of St. Mi- chaeTs, Trenton, but had been compelled by ill-health to resign that large and iinpiu-tant parish, and. after siieuding some time in Kiirope. settled in Passaie. On .\pril 2:i. l.StiO. he resigned to THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. J23 takt' tht' cli.'iiilMiiiry nf Kcrixon Collci;!'. Tln' tirst visit fritni the Bishop looU iihur l'rliru:iry 7<. ISCil. On Aiu'ii li:>. ;ilso, n coiniiiittt'o was apiiointod to st_'loct a suitatilc luiiiilin;; silc>. It at'tci'uard luaile a bar)?ain with C. M. K. I'auhsdn ti>r a plot to cost $!1(H(. On AuKUSt 20 a call as "rcctoi'-c'lci't'" was cxtcndcil to tin' U<'v. Marshall B. Smith. \. M.. lali'l.v n-i|..i- of CiirisI Clinr.-li al Kuvor, Del. His salnrv was lixcil at .'J^StHt a voar. of whioh .$;i(Hj was providi'd by the Church Missionary Society of the State, in order that the strtiKKliiiR con^n'jration niiixlit ilcvot<' its means to the erec- tion oi" a building'. 'I'lic lirsi >ic|is Id this end were taken on ()iiobcr 211. ISIJI). '("he tirst conlirmation in the parisli uas held by Bisho|i I )d(']dM'imeii on .\pril 11, ISIH, wlu>n five persons wore coidirnn'd. It bad been iiitciidid i.i bnilil a stum- ilnirch, but this was abandiOH'd as ioiprait icabli-. and new plans were adopted. I'allinu I'or a wucidcii sltiiilnrc. '['lie cnrncrstone was laid by the rector .in Sepicniber In. IMll. 'I'lic building cost !?4..")0(l. of which .'«L',(l(l(l rcinaiiU'd nn iii.irI.::aL'c. With the lot ami orcan it cost .fT.dlKI. Mr. Smith was insialled as rector and the chnrch was dedicated on .\pril Hi. lS(i2. .Mrs. .1. Edf;ar Thomson of I'hihnhdphia ;;ave the mellow-toned bell which hung in the steeple In bSlB the church was entered by ndi- bers. who stole the rector's vestments, the vestry carpet and |iart of the c-hurcdi I'arpel. .\ reward of .$JOn was offered, but the thii'\i's were nex'cr discoA ereci. On .VnyusI il. bSllo. a rnioii Tlianksi;ivin;.' service was Indd witll the Keformed Dutch Church at that church. This was an echo of the T'nion victory at (Jettysbiirj.'. At the fourth annivers.ary of the foiimling of the parish, the Kev. Marshall H. Smith lu-e.ichi'cl a serimm from which it a]ipears that th<' partsli had i;i-o\An to t\vent.\'-se\ cu I'.imilies and thirly-one com- nmnic.anls. It is rec-orded in llu' chni-cli minutes that the tre.-isnrer of the pai-isli. Hclward .Meanarcl Poll, A. B., was drowned ai 4. Mil p. m. on t'lii-istmas Day, 18(i;:i, while skating on Dundee L.ikc. llc> li.id attended service in the morning. When the Civil War ended tlie vestry invited the Reformed Dutch congregation to join in a Thanksgiving service in St. .lohn's on the clay designated for victory. This minute is dated .\pril 12. 1Sii.">. The next entry, three days later, reads: — "ISi;."). April 15th.— .Vbraham Lincoln, President of the Pnited States of America, died this day b.v the hand of an a.ssnssiii in the emplo.v of the Uebel Confederacy." The church was draped in mournin.g ou account of the death of the President. The congregation bomrht the house and lot in the rear of the church in LSd.") for a ii'ctor.v, paying for it .$ti.2.">ll. Mr. Smith resigned on March '.'A. I.SdS and preached his fare- well sernn)n .Iiine 7. .\l the- close of the .service he was pre- .seiited with :i letter, signed liy all the c-lergy of Passaic, ex- pri ssing their conficlem-e in him and approval of his catholic p.clicy toward cUlier churches. On April 1.". the .inun.al p.irish meeting passed resolutions denying the cloirmn that ■■Tlieic is no church without a Bishop" and holding ■'that the I'rotest.ant Eiiiscoiial and other denomi- itations in this village and elsewhere— who maintain substan- tially the same grand principles cd" Christianity — are only braiKhes of the same Catholic Church under different forms of cu-ganization." The resolutions cimtinued: "Resolved that this iiaper be imiuded in the call to any clergyman that we may elect as our Kecic.r; and that his acceptance of the same shall signify that hi' agrees with the above, and will resign in case he shall (diange his views on these points." The Rev. Samnid Clements of Ohio tleclined a call to the rectorship, ami the Rev. Henry .Vdams of Iowa, an alumnus of Andierst ami .\ndover S 'miliary, was called. The record says th;it he "fully endorsed the above inserted paper." refer- ring lo the resolutions Just cpioted. Ill' entered upon h's duties Si|itiiid.ir ti and left the parish .November 2.S. l.Stl'.l. The Kev. IIcur.\ Webbe a 'pl''!' a call as rector on Ib-ceinber ti. I.S7II, and resigned mi September ."id, 1S71. Tin- Rev. W. H. Carter aciepted ;i call on .March 21, 1.S72, and resigned on February 24, 1.S77. In the meantime, the rectory property fronting on ctober. 1S7S, the improvements that were made in the property attc-r his coming, inchiding the cleaning .ind reiarpeting of the chancel, "the carpet not having been up before in liftei'ii .\ears." He records that there was a debt of .$1.1IM| on the church properly in I'rospi'ct street. "which is all that is left of the valuable property which it once owned." Then Ihere is a break in the records until the Rev. Williams llowl.ind lei-ords that April 14. 1.SS4. was the date of the lirst parish meeting at wliich he |iresided, and that he had assumed the place a few weeks previoiisl.v. From 1S7.S to 1S.S4 the rectors had been Mr. Dealey and the Rev. Mr. Moinbert. while the Rev. Delancey Thompsim. then rector of All Souls' Church. .New York, was in charge of the parisli while complet- ing his seminary course. During .Mr. Ilowland's rectorship a Hci.'iting debt which he found when he came here was funded and p.irlly paid olT. the grounds were improved, the old horse- sheds, wliicli in e.nly d.iys \vere appendages of all churches. were removed. ( )u ()clolier IS, 1,S,S!). the pew-reut system was abolished, voluntary pledges being substituted, with the re- sult: Id' increasing tli" receiiits about one-third. Mr. llowland offered his resignaticin on November 'S.i. 1S!)1. to take effect the following Faster. The Rev. R. W. Kenyon of Xew York ami the Rev. .Vlexamler .Vllen declined calls, and on May ■ W. \S'.r2. the Rev. George II. Yarnall was chosen rector. The first movement for the present oUiireh building was taken .laniiary 2.">. IX'Xi. \ Building Committee, consisting of Jlessrs. Hanks, (Jranger, Jlaclagan. Chase anil King, was ai>- pointeil. It adopted the plans of William Ilalsey Wood ot Newark Idr a slime church. It was impossible to purchase certain proiierty on Prospei-t street needed for the site, so a plot l(i."ixl.S2i_, reel, at I'assaic and Lafayette avenues, was bought fiu- .$lll..'ii II I. Ou .November 21) contracts were awarded for .1;2'1,722. covering all the construction work on the church. Pews cost .$2,200 extra. About .Sld.iHio of this amount was contributed by the parishioners. The Rev. (Jiorge Yarnall's resigmilion was accepted on December S. and on .lanuary IS. 1S'.I4. the Rev. George C. Betts was elected rectiu-. He eiiteri d upon his duties March 21 ;. IS! 14. The cornerstone of the new church wis laid Saturday. Mtiy I'.l. IS'.tl. It w.is occU|iied in the same .vear. Mr. Betts resigned April 'J.".. 1S;C.. The Ri'V. I.. W. S. Siryki'r. the present rector, began his rectorship .lune 2. l.s'.l."i. The First Presbyterian Church. The First Presbyterian Church of I'assaic is tin ollshoot of that historic plant whose root was let in tne founding ot a church :it Newark .-is early .as the ye.-ir l':i'.7. Two hundreil 124 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. ycjirs aftc-r that lii-siiiiiiii!;. that is t.. say. .Manh li. IMlT. ili.- rri'shyti-ry (.r Ni-wark ..icaiiizi-.l th,- ■Ininh in I'assaii-. The l,r.-liiiiiiiaiy steps had U-fii talieii in the f.nir months iiiim- r« that dati'. ThtTi" were twenty-tw" e.inimnnieant nienilieis to ••.institute the new oipinii'.ati..n. <;eor;:e Iteiibolni an.l I.iwis \V. Barth-tt were then ..nlaine.l elders: ■\Villiani HIair and (Jeiirce M.-<;ildion were ordained deaeons. Philo 1". I,<-aveiis. a lireiitiate for the ministry, was eiifia^red as "stated supply." In .lanuary. IStW. he was ordaine.l ami installed as pastor. In the recinstruetion whieli followe.l tlu' reunion of the Old School and -New Sihool luanehes of the Presbyterian Clinrrli in 1.S70. Passaie passed from the Presbytery of Newark to the newly formed Presbytery of .Jersey City. Tlie ehureh worshipped in the upper room of "Ilowe's Acad- emy." eorner of Prospeet and Aeademy streets, from the beginiiin): till May. 18«!l. It removed to a school hall then standing at the corner of State and Kiver streets, and con- (iuuen;.'re).'ation was able to enter the edifice which, with tfreat e.\crlion. il had erected on Kiver street (now I'ark placel. near Main avenue. There it worshippe.l fifteen anil a half years, until December ."I. ISXli. The property, which in ISVO had cost mm-e than .•<1.">.0(KI. was s(dd for ^(>..">(l(i. ami with the prcxeeds the con- Kre«ation purchased the eligible site on Passaic avenue, at the corner of ;.'enerons hand -if the late .Mr. William 1. Harry, the HiU' edifice of brownstone was eieete.l and furinshcd at a cost of about .Wll.<"H>. ami was ready for occupamj lUi the first Sabbath of .lanuary. ISST. In the year ISiK! the house ami plot ailjaceni wi-re purchased at an expense of $!MMlli. In tlu- year ISilT a lai«e Sim;a);e of that iMni>unt. Stimulated by this jrreat jienerosity. the people are matnriu!; pl.iiis to i'.\tiii;;uish all the remainini; indebtedness, and they expect soon to possi'ss Ihi'ir propert.v. v.ilueil at .sriO.lNHi. free from all imaimbrame. (irowth in the early ilays was very slow. In tlii' Uiver street buildin;; progress was moderate. Sim-e oc \S~:\. the church look a lively interest in the Dundee iliapcl. Tin- depressiiui during the later .sevi-ntii's carrii'd that work down. On I'Uleriiit' the Passaic a\enue edifice activity in "Itumli'c" was resumed. I'nder the leailcrshi|i of the late .Mr. CharU's M. Wih-ox the "niission" was prosei'Uted with loma^re and vipu': the result has bi'cn the Dundee Presbyterian Church. The Pirst Presbyterian Church of I'assaic contributed a numlH-r of nienda'rs. and extemled cmouraKenn'UI. to the I'li- Icrprisin;: Presliyierian Church foumled in o o J" THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 127 liv :i i-.iiimiitlcc, :unl inir-lliii'd uf llic iiiniiiio went in thai ili iccliiiii. The Into Mrs. Mnry Leo Deniiii'ost loil mid iiis|)ii'eil I his i-oiiimittoc in Ihnt diroctinn. At tlio end of 1S77 tbe Wo- iiu'ii's FiU'ciKii MissiDiiiir.v Soiioly wiis foiiiii'd spparatoly. Tho Mission Hnml n( Cii-ls was (Minslitiili'd in 1S7!>. In 18!)!> tho siopo of wciMian's uDik was I'liiniili'lod hy tho s<)oioty"s takin;: tho tith' 111' Homo anil l''i>fi>is.'n Missionary So<-ioty. Moaiiwhilo. tho "I.adios' Aid" had ronowod its vipir. and has alishod ^roat sorvirc in tho prosont hioality. Thi' Passaic Chiirrh has niaintainod a oroditablo standing' in I'roshytory fur zoal in ImpiIi homo and Inroign missions. It I i.ntrilintcs ri'^'iilarly and u'l'iioi-cmsly In all hoards of bonovo- Iriicr. At 111.- sanir I uiii-. ihv nivn n( iln> lontfrosation tako an nitivo part in ilio alTairs ami inslitntioiis of tho city. Tho wo- nnMi. alsii. arc fvv ready for service in the charitable and social life of tho cDinmnnity. Thi' pastor of the chin-.h has tn'cn the Ucv. I'liilci I". I,i-av I'l.s. It. I)., fruni the lii'L-'innin^' lhripu;:liunl. The snccessiiMi nl' l'',lders and their sorviie inchidos: — (Jeorso Koidiolm. 'S) years. .Inhn B. Piidnoy. 11 years. Lewis W. liartlett, 1.") years. Cecnco .Metiibbon. ij years. .Inhn M. Morse. 11 years. .lames S. Biddell. 12 years. >\'iiliani M. Harr. 1 ye.ir. Uebert I). Kent. 11 years. William Blair, ."i years. Henry II. Hnlton. 10 years. Wi.kham T. .McCre.i. i> years. Charles .\. rndiicy. (> years. William A. Willar.l. 1 yo.ir. The snc-ecssiiin nf Heacons includes: — \Villiam Blair. 7 years. William A. Willard, 21 years. (;c(M-;;e .MitJihl 11 years. .loseph H. Ilillen, 7 years. Silas F. Ilavi-ns. :i years. .lohn A. I'owler, 9 years. Cliarlos A. I'lidm^y. IS years. Knos Vreeland. "> years. .1. .Maidey .\ckerman. :! years. William A. Dixon. years. William W. Scott, (i years. Harold -M. Swan. 2 .years. Henry W. Thom.as. (i years. Leonard W. JIanchec, 2 years. Warren V. Bell. :'. year>. William .1. Fish. 1 year, Iln.u'h .M.t^iccn, 1 .\ear. The sm-ecssiiiii nf SupeniLtcndeiLts nf the Sninlay-schocd in<'liides: — William .\. Kenlmlm. 4 velars, .luhii B. I'ndne,\. ."> years. .Inhn .M. .Mnise. ."i years. Charles M. Wilco.x, 1 year. William .\. Will.ard, :! years. K. Kclln>:j,' Hose. 3 years. .Inhn Cnnpi r. 2 years. Itnliert 1 >. Kent, .S years. lOnns \'reel,anil. 7 years. The I'residenls nt the Ladies' .\id Sneiety h.ive hoeu:— Mrs. M.-ny .1. I lenhnlm. M's. .Nellie I.. Herrh-k. .Mrs. .Maria S. Biddell. .Mrs. i:ii/.,abeth II. I )eidinlni. -Mrs. Lizzie B. Barry. The Presidents nf the Women's .Missinnary Society have lieen:- .Mrs. .Nidlie L. H.rri.k. .Mrs. riincl.e S. I'mden. .Mrs. Hidcn .1. Lcav.'ns. The siiecessinn nf Trustees embracs the followini; names (those marked with .asterisks have been Troasnrors): — Thomas (). Stewart. William F. Walker. William .\. Willard. 'William .\ Hi-nhnhii .lames S. Biddell. William H. (Jillen. iJooifie Denholm. .lohn Kershaw. Lewi-; W. Bartlott. 'William Blair. William .1. Biddell. '.Iidin A. Willett. "Ciles S. Orciitt. Sil.i< 1'. Havens. .Inhn i;. I'adiiey. 'William W. Seott. William 1. Barry, .loseidi II. Wriuht. William Abbott. K. Ki'lloss; Roso. William L. Clark. .Tames K. Knnwiiicn. William Kent. .Vn^'Ustns T. Cnddebai-k. Henry .Mel taimUIs. Leonard W. .MandiiM. •.lohn C. Ilorrick. V. Fiske Wil.n.v. William C. Kimball. The Treasurers oleetpd by tho ooiiRrountion, since l.SiK), have been: — V. Fiske Wilcox. .Jeorao M. Mather. William .1. I"ish. William .\. Kixoii. The Duntdee Presbyterian Church. This is an nflsh ml nf the First I'resbyloriaii Chiiridi, and ;rrew nnt of the Dundee .Mission, which was for many years the nnly rolii;ioiis organization in that section of the city. .\ bnililin$; was erected at Mrmroo and Sei-oiid streets in ISli:".. .and the Ucv. I'raid; F. Taylnr w.is installed as pastor. DUNDEE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The chiireh tlnurished under his ministry for several ye.ars. but tn the riv'ret of his iiMif;rej;ation he resigned in ISOO, and the Kev. H. F. Brnndage was called to succeed him. The Catholic Church in Passaic. The Catholic Church in Passaic numbers one-half of the tnial ehnrch momborship. and includes the largest single con- gregatimi in the city. Besides the parish chur<-h. St. Nicholas", there are congrogatiims of Greek Rite. Slavonian. Pidish and Italian Catholiis. each having its own priest and worshipping in its own Imililing. Previous to tho slimmer of 1S.->!I. the few Cathi>lics in Passaic either worshi|)ped at St. .lolin's in Paterson. ur. after the organization of St. Francis do Sales Chnrih. in 1S.">.">. at Lodi. Beginning in IS.l!). various priests visitoil Passaic, inter- mittently at first, and then regularly o.-nh Snnday. to say mass. The lirst building in which Catholic worship was conducted ill Passaic was Thomas Meade's house, afterward the hotel kiiown as "Sobastopol." on lower Main avi'nno. Mass was also said ill the house of William Ryan, at 27 McLean street. and in oilier private houses until the fall of l,sr,i;. when the old "tlax mill." as it was then known, was used as a church luilding for over a year. This is the building at Canal and Passaio streets, at present ooMipied by the .\loxaiidor Silk .Mill. In tho s|iring of 1S(!S the first church odiHce was erected. nil tile site now occupied by the Passaic Club at Prospect and Erie streets. Father Sehandel beeame the first resident pastor. The church was small and of wood. A parochial school was started on tho upper floor, where the priest lived. There were three Sisters of Charity leaching in the school, which numbered 150 to 2(KI pupils. Father Sehandel romained here two years, or until .\ngiist. 1S72. when the Rev. Louis Schnei- der took his place. 128 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC Till- ii;iii-ii .>.i~ iM-.ii^ M.iiiiiTioally iiml tiii:iiii-iiilly. iiiiil it wiis ji Kri-at liliiw when I hi' Imililiii;: was lU'stroyeil by firp ]li ri-iiilicr lil. IST.'i. The fire was aftiTwaril fniiii(l ti> bavr ln-cii laiisfil liy iiiri-iiiliiirii-s. Tlif roiitfi-crratinii wnrsbifipfil al liis luMi.-i- nil raiilisDii avenue tile followiii;; Siiinlay. Iiilt KatliiT Siliiii-iiliT ;.'iil ri^'lil tn work, ami Imiiu'ht fnnii I>r. .Tnliii M. ST. NICHOLAS CHURCH, III Acaileiiiy wi- tile liiiiliiiiiK <>>> liai'iii'lilal si'liniil. Iieeaiisi Iliiwe aveime. for many years used as It was then kiiiiwn as Ilr. Speiieef's that worthy iiail taii^lil a private sehoiil there for a while. The iieiiple wurshippeil there until the ■ hiireh was reliiiilt on its olil site. Kathir Schneider was a kindly old elerie, who.se meinury is still Inved. lie was not a U I liiisiness man. however, :ind the (larisli did not llmirisli tinaiieially. lie dieil while here, and the Itiv. .lulin .\. Sin p- pard was sent to sinieed liiin in l.S*<4. I'lider I'ather Slieppard's liriii ham! the parish took its first deeided strides tii its |ireseiit envialile position. He found il with a delit of nearly .f '-I •.' II " ' and pr.iperly worth less than thai, while the parish had piirihased a liiiildiuK lot mi whieh i! owed .f.S(l(l. There were 2:i(l families in the iiarisli and lliree Sisters tcuehiii!: 2-III ellildren in the selirkd. So far as its real estate Weill, the parish was a little worse off than if il had iiolliiiiK, for after payiiii: interest for several years, Kallier She]iparil linally sold lioth the ehiireli and seliool |iri>|H-rty. one to an athletit eluli, the other to a Holland ehureli, for iniieli less than the face value of the iiiiirl|.'a!.;es. .\ man of tile world would have aliiiiidiuied the property to the inort- Ka;;ees, liiit the eliunh ronlil lint do this. Such was the aliiiost hopeless eondition of lliini:s wliiih iiuirroiiled Father Shep- liard. Ill live years the parish propeiiy wii- worlli .ll,INKI for llie luiildint; alone, and a handsome rertory, [''allier Sheppard had instilled into his tliii'k his own energy and enthiisiasiu. and If their tinaiuial l.iirdens were al lirst heavy, they were liorue cheerfully. The church was erected in 1887 and the rectory iu 188!». Four .vears later frrounil was liroken for a new lirick schoolhouse, opposite the church. With the lot and furnishings it represented nearly .'S:ilMllKl more. A house on Washinjrton place was next puiihased a home for the Sisters for .$12.(1011. and the eqnip- iinnt of the parish was completed when an additional purchase of land W!is made at the rear of the church and rectory, and till II was erected a handsome little dnli house, costiiif; .$4,."i(IO. In fourteen .vears. under Father Slieppard's reitorship. tie' parish acciiniiilated pmiierty worth nearly one hundred and tifiy thousand dollars, on which the entire debt was less than si.xty thousand dollars. Father Sheiipard left Passaic at Ea.ster, 1W)8, to become rector of St. Michael's Church. .lerse.v City, where he is pursniiiK a similar work successfully. The Rev. .lohii M. McHale. the Uev. William O'tJoriiian and the Itev. Henry Connery were anions: his assistants during his career 111 l-c. The Hev. Thonias .1. Kcriiaii caiiic luTc troni Kearny to lake cliarse of St, Nicholas'. In a little over a year lie lias still further stren^itheued the parish, luimericall.v and Hnancially, and has won the hearts of his people. A purcha.se !ias lieeii made of the property adjoinin<; the schoolhouse, at ilie nar. and rniinin>r throUi2:h to .leflferson street, at a eost ol' .'!;4.(lli0I> of tliein receiv- ing- the S.icrauieiit at one mass on a recent Sunday. The GREEK RITE CATHOLIC CHURCH. latest census shows that there are Sllll families. over 4,IHHI souls, in the i>arish. The church societies are nuinerons and si run}: a iiowertiil inlluence for (rood in the life of the Youii^ Ladies' Sodality and Cliildren of St. Mary S [losed of yount' women, has about l.'iH iii'iiibers. iiniiilierin;; . and exeil city. The ociety, coni- The Holy THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. J 29 Nniiic S(i( ici.v li:is l.'r>ll incii nil its i-nlls. :imiI llii'i-c :irc T)!! vomik; men in the junior sncii't.v. The Unsnry Smii'ly. fur niatrnns iif till" imrisli, has .'{IKI nu'Uihi'rs. wliili' tlic Iwn Sacrcil Hi'iirt SiM'if'lics fi>r lioys mid nirls. rt'spcclivi'ly, lijivc KHI nicnilii-rs cacli. Knii'nilc! ('oiiiicil. Callnplic Bi'nrvcilcnt LcKJnn. is a tliinrishinj; fratrrn.-il iniljri' undfr llic patronani- i>f tlif cliurcli, luid tliore is a IndKi" "f tlii> {"atliolic WnnicnV Benevolent Le- (rii>n also. IVrez Conncil, Kni^l'ts of Colninlms. is a social order, not identified with llie cluiri-li. lint iimsistins; nf Calli- nlics only. It has \~'t members. 'I"hi> jiaroihial sc-hool li:is (ilM( scholars ami ten teachers, all Sisters. The sihool has nvertlowed into the club house, which is now devoted to the education of the youiis. thus frns- natiu); the rector's plan of est.iblisliin;; a parish library .muiI readin« ri>oin there. Thontrh tin- more ornamental hi^'lier branches are not i.-niuhl, ih" work of tlu' primary and ;;ramm:ir >;r:id<'s is as thorou;:li .-nid sal israi-lory as in the pulilic sclionls. Till' in lor ami Ills assislaiil. l''alhcr William F. Crady. ac- tively supci\isc all these enterprises. The Catholics of I'assaic live side 1p\ side with their m-i'_'li- bors of all shailes of bi'lief in peace and harmony, and with mutual foriiearance ami respect. The sood feelinjj: is shown in many ways. They patronize each other's entertainments and make contributions to each other's enterprises. Father Ker- n.ni has been more tbaiL once called on to speak imlilidy. There are foui with a home of its citlur ("athidic churches in I'assaic. each wn. The iddest is the (Jreek Rite Church, consisting of Sl.ivonian Catholics, whose parent church in Hunfrary transferred its allegiance frmn Constantinople in the last century. The priests of this portion of the Catholic Church are allowed to marry before they are ordained deacons, but not afKM- that time. Ctdd)acy is the rule of pristly life in all other branches of the Church. The (ireet Kite Cathcdics liouglil th<> Dumlee Chapel, erecteil on First street by the I'resbyteriaiis as an ev.'iniiclical mission, ten .vears ago. It h:is been euiarged, ami is now known :is the Church of St. Mi<-hael the .\chai.gel. The Kev. Fufiene Satiella is the rector, ami lives in the rectory, next to the chun-h. There is another Slavonian Catholic congregaticm, which owns the Church of St. Jinry of the Assumption on Monroe street, between First and Second streets. Each congregation numbers 300 families ami 000 to 700 adults. .\ younger organization is St. .Michael's I'olish Catholic Church on Parker avenue, near \'reeland's poml, of which a view is jiresented elsewhere. The newest of all is the Church of l)ur Lady of Mcaint Carmel, the Italian Catholic church, which is situateil in ,\i-.|n.H k.iunnk iciunship. just north of . ^^TV- ■i'MMmmtm^f^ mm &'■ ^ :>^ \ 1 hk^'JI 'III iiiiiiiiii» u^^'^ ^ ^•^ ■ - • " -,T MICHAEL'S POLISH CATHOLIC i;hURCH. the city line, overlooking the rivci-. The Rev, Father Sandri is the rector. The congregation is small and struggling. The church was built mostly by the voluntary work of the members of the Mock, wlio also decorated the interior in n striking but ,irtislic fashion, and with their own hands east a sweet-toned bell, which hangs in a Ipi'II tower near the church. The hell was cast and the church was dedicated in 1S!»S, the Kt, Rev, Winand M, Wigger. Hisho|i of the diocese of Newark, honoring the occasion with his presence. The First Baptist Church. This church grew out of a iineting hidd on .May JV, IMH, at the honn- of William .1. Hoggs, the riNnIt of a conversation with the Rev, Sannnd .1, Knapp of tile First Baptist Church of I'aterson, in which .Mr. Knapp suggested the propriety of the Baptists i>f the village forming a chnrcdi. Mr. Knapp was present at tlii' meeting, ami proniisei) to preach to the con- gregation gratuitously every Siimlay afternoon. It is recorded of him "that his coming to lis during the prevalence of the severest storms of winter ami the burning heat of siiiiiiner must make us regard hiiii with profoundly grati-fnl riMiiem- brance," .Vlfred Spe.-r ..flcicd his hall fi and Charles .M. K. I'anlison consented to organize a choir and take charge of the music. He also fnrnisheil an organ. The first service was held on .Tune .5. On November Ki the organizaiion was perfected with twenty-two members, as foHows: William .T. Boggs. Cath- erine A. Boggs. Kmina H. Boggs. .Joseph I". Boggs. Theodore I'. Boggs. Mary I'aulismi. Charl.itte A. I'ost. Davhl B. Sickels. Mary K. Sickels. Barney Banta. Margaret Baiita. .Maria Van Riper. .Tohn Dnrkin, Sarah Uurkiii, Riihard Shiigg. .Maria .V, Shiigg, Ileldia D, Smith, the Rev. .1. K. .Ambrose. Sarah T. .Vmbrose. Washington ranlison, Francis \. Wanl. Klizabeth Lewis, William ,1, Boggs and .lohu Kurkin were chosen dea- cims and .loseph I'. Boggs church clerk. On December "28, 1804, trustees were elected as follows: C, .M, K, Pautison, William .1, Boggs. C. C. Shepherd. Iticliard Shugg. David B. Sickels, .Alfred Speer, .1, E. Ambrose, .Mr. Paulison was chosen liresident and Mr. Shepherd treasurer. On .Viuil 10. ISlio. eight persons were baptized by Mr. Knapp by immersion in the I'assaic River, in the presence of 3,fHI0 iiersons. The church hail grown cimsiderably during the winter, Mr, Knapp resigned his i'aterson pulpit to go to New York in May. 180(5, being thus comindled to ubainlon his [ireaching in I'a.ssaic. The church, which consisted of only '>0 members, called the Rev, Franklin .Johnson as pastor on .lune 13. ISiiti. ai-'reeing to pay him a salary of $1,300. He entered upon his duties on .\ugust 20. It was not until the first Sunday in .Inly. ISC.li. that the Sumlay-sehool was organized, with William .\. Deiiholm as superintemlent. There were fifteen teachers, but only thirty scholars. On .Tune 13, ISO", a council of delegates from twenty-two Baptist churches was called, si'venteen being represented. The Rev, .loseph Barnard presided. The Passaic church was then ad- mitted .-IS a sister church. On .lune 2. IMW, the church was received into the Fast New .lersey Baptist .Vssociatimi. meet- ing that year at Rahway. The association was afterward di- vided, and the I'assaic church is ideiitilied with the .North New .Tersey Association. Mr. Paulison gave the church a biiiUling site mi I'anlison avenue in 1807, It was proposed to put up u stone church, cost- ing ^2.").000. but this was objected to. and the proposition was dropped. The following winter plans were sulunitted and :\l>- proved on .\pril 14. l.SOlt, it being decideil to sell the plot given by Mr, Paulison and to purchase the present site of the church from .lohn Fcmlds, The lot measures !I3,\102 and cost $3..">00. The new plans called for a neat frame building, costing $Hi.(HHI ,vith furnishings. About this time Mr. .lohnson sailed for Europe, intending to .spend a year abroad. He had .sent in hi.s resignation, whbh was refused, nie church engaged the Rev, .Tohn .\. .MiKean 130 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. to KII the vacaiity during liis atisoiicf. The ciiriierstuiie of the rhiinh was hiiil on Ttu'silay. June 15. liy the Kcv. nionias Amlerson, D. I)., of Newark. The first meeting' in the chiin-h was a prayer and praise meeting. "U .laiiiiary lli. 1.S70. The liiiililine was formally ileilli-ateil on Febrnary 1. the sermon heim; pri-aehed liy the Kev. (Ji-orce I'". Tenteeosl. of Brooklyn. In the sMiiimer of 1S7(> the Kev. Ilr. Johnson returned from Knrope. anil eontiniied as pastor until .\pril :i. 1S7'_'. On May ir>. 1H72, William J. Bo^'is. one of the founders of the chnreh. passed to his reward. The Kev. K. B. Kelsey was ealled from the Tahernaole Baptist Church of .Vlhany on Oi-tidier 1(>. 1.S72. I nteriuK upon his duties on .Novemlier S. In less than two years over one hundred niembers were added to the ehnreh liy his labors, sixt.v-si.v of them lieinc baptized on confession of faith. After a pastorate of three years Mr. Kelsey resigned to aecept a eall from the Si.xth Avenue Baptist Chnreh «f Brooklyn. The Kev. O. C. Kirkham followeil as pastor on .May 1. l.S7li, but remained here only one year. Dnrin): this y:ar. to relieve in a nn-asnre tin' trustees from cnrryin!.- sn<-h a burden of tloatin;: d.-bt. a mortgase of $2.."i(MI was placed upon the property. This, however. di;reat tinancial dcpressiun. .mil llic annouucennMil was received with joy dial the four trustees liiddinK miles representiiit: the Hoatinj; iiiilebledness of the ihurili had caneelleil them, tlijs releasing' the church from a ilebl of .f;!.."illO. These men were Samuel (!i lock. (ieorjje W. Heinarest. Koberl Foulds and C. I). Spencer. They made only one condition — that a sinkini; fund should be started and maintained until the entire debt should be eaiieelled. 'I'lic iM)|ietus thus (liveii resulted in the debt bein>; caneelleil. a sinkiii),' fund beinc established, with Clarkson S. Coon as treasurer. Mr. Waters resi^ued his pastorate .\pril :!il. IS"'.'. In ac- cept the pastorale of the l'M;.'etield Baptist Church at Nash- ville, Tenn.. that city beiiu: his old home before ihe Civil War. .Vfler siipplyinu the |iulpil for a lime. Ihe Kev. K. I". Mc- .Michall was called, but resiKiied June 1, 1S.S1. Tln' Kev. S. (i. Smith succeeded him oil November 27. In 1S.S2 the system of renting |>ews was abolished, and Ihe weekl.v envelope system substituted. A movement was also started to pay off part of Ihe debt. Subscriptions lo ihe amount of $;'i.li;iS were made .•Hid the secoml moitj;af;e of .'i;2..")nn was cancelled. In June of this year Deacon (Jeorjre W. I>euiarest died. He was always a generous supporter of and hard worker for the church. In ISS:} the Youiii; Peo|ilc's Society frave the <-linrch a tine orj;aii at a cost of .'>l..Sllii, .iiicl till- I. allies' .\i.l Society raised .f'iMI for interior adoriumiil and decuration. In 1.SS4 the same society raised .$000. which enabled the inisteis to lediiie the tirst mort^'ase from l.'i.OOO to .$4.(IU0. Owiiij; to physical iiitir- inities. .Mr. Smith resigned at the end of his third yeiu". and the Kev. Arthur S. Burrows succeeded him Auf-'ust 2. 1887). On October :$. 18Sli. Deacon Tinisley died. His name appeared on the first bond of the church as president of the Board of Trnslees. In April. ISSS. another .«].(IO0 of debt was extin- lint-'uished. and in the fall the renuuiuler was paid off. leaving' the church property free and clear. On November 17. 1881). ilie iweiity-tiflli ainiivers.-uy ut the church was celebrated, and an historical address was read by Deacon (ieorjie \Y. Finch, from which the above particulars were taken. Mr. Finch stated that there had been in twenty- tive years 447 im-iiibers on the chunh roll, the present member- slii|i beillK 1!( tin- in« edjtiic was laid with appropriate ceremonies October 28. l.s'.M. The Ki v. Thomas 1 1. Anderson. D. D.. of I'rovideiue. K. I., delivered the address. The uiem- liership had been somewhat scattered after the tire, and at this lime was reduced to 133 resident and .")7 non-resident members, who were called upon to add thousands of dollars lo the insur- ance fund to complete the pre.sent edifice. The new liuildiiia cost when finished ifSo.Ollil. It was dedicated on Deceiiiher 7. IN'.I2. Since lliat time the membership has frrowii steadily, llie ciiridlmeiit now beiuj; ;58tJ. There are 2.')(l scholars and 27 teachers and otiicers in the Suuday-school. The Christian (Cndeavor Society has 'JO members and the Ladies' Hnnie and i"i>reii.'n .Mission Society is doiiiK ,!:ood work. The i liunli has raised for all pnriioses during the last decade upward of .'>7l'.llilO. niakinc a grand total of .$170,000 recorded for the iliirty-five years of church history. The ehuridi. in member- ship, ranks amonj; the first fifteen out of the 270 Baptist churches in New .Jersey, and has one of the most commodious edifices in the Stati>. The Oerman Baptist Church and the Bai)- tist Church of Brookdale have both sprnng from this church. The record shows a lolal membership in thirty-five years of nearly IMHI. Only three of the original niembers remain. They are Mrs. Catherine A. Hoggs. Joseph P. Boggs and Washington Paiilison. THE NEWS* HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 131 The First Congregational Church. 'I'll*' i-'iist ( tnmri';;aiii»n;il rimrrli ..[ I'nssaic was ni*;;a)ii/riili;riin I li ..r iiiiinii scrvici's wliidi liail liccll lll'ld lii ll . . h;i|Ml ir lli> ip rjil ..|I I |.,, ,, iiiiliil..T ..I' FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. yours. The Rov. G. Nash Mciiton, a Pivsli.vtcriaii ik'i;rynian. was at that tiiiu" coiiiliutin^ a schocil in the vicinity, and hail cliai';.'!' lit till' iiniciii sci-virrs iliiriiiK thr tall .-iiiil winter ut ISS-I, at which tinu' slr|is wcr',- takiMi to iir^'aiiizc a church. Sovoriil (UMioiiiinations were rci)roscntO(l, aunalists w;'n' in the minority, all felt thes could unite under the Innad relliiwshi\i nt CoiiaresHtionalisni. Accorilinsly. n nieeliiif; was called .March TJ. IS.S.". and held in Tnion Chapel. The Itev. (". X. .Morton was chosen Moderator, and at that meetint; the First CoiiKrejrational Church of I'assaic was or- ganized with the followin.L' meinliers: Lyman S. .\ndrews. Ma- rie K. Andrews. Alheii ■Puiii. r. Sarah K. Turner. W. W. Xeill. Ida C. Neill. .losepli K. Hawkins, Mercy C. Nickerson and Mary .\. .\rmstroni;. ilrs. Nickerson being the only one iirinj:inf; a letter from a Consresational church, .\lliert Tur- ner and .Toseph H. Hawkins were chosen deacons ,ind Lyman S. .Vndrews clerk. The lirst public service of ibe new church was helil in the chapel. March L">. .\ CoUf;ref.'ational council was called ami met .lune 1."), l>i.'^.". which ori.'anized the church. \[v. .Morton s.'ivcil ihc' diiiich as acting pastor until Ihi' spriiif; of l!S!S(i. when llu- Kev. S. Fielder Faliner was called. He was installed .lune l,"i, issil. S.nm atli't a loi was purchased en the coriUM' of Franklin and \'aii Hoiilen .avenues and a poriablc buildm;.' creeled, w hie li was di'dic.ated November 7, l.SMi. Mr. I'almer remained in cliar;;e of I he church until Deci'Uiber. 1.SS7. The Uev. Wallaci .Xultiu^'. then a student ill Fnion Theological Seminary, tilled the pulpit dnrins the winter of 1.SS7, and in .\Liy, bSSM. the Kev. F. G. Webster was called. lie was followed by the Uev. IL T. Wiildeiner in May. 1 sill I. Mv. Wiildemer's powerful preachinj; produced a widespread impression, .ind ,i lot was purchased at High and Hanilolph streets, on which a tent was erected to accommodate the crowd of worshippers. It was at'lerward cncloseil and was known as the Taliernacle. This was remodeled and built over ill bS!l4 into tlie present structure, a pleasant and coiiimodious cdiMcc. with Sumla.v-school rotmis, eli'. -Mr. Widdemer resigned .\Lirch 2:!, lS',rJ. and a call was eMeliiled to the Itev. \V. I. Sweet, who tilled the pulpit for five years. 'I'lie present pastor, the Kev. .\lbert H. Hall. 1>. I).. WHS installed in tlii' spring of IMIS. I Ir. Itall is .-in larnest. eloi]Uc.it preacher. :iiiil the ciinr. coiidueliiiK wrviccs on Snniliiy evening only. Tin- pulpit was siijiplied toiniKirurily b.v various clergymen from New Yoik ami Brooklyn, the late Uev. SH'pheii H. Camp of Mrooklyii being the first regular minister. He pre: clieil for eighteen months. In the winter of 1.S'.i,"i-!m; it was decided to engage a resiibiit minister, and the Kev, Frank S. C. V icks was call. d. IL- left after two years to go to a laigei" field in Boston. lie was succeeded by the Kev. Wilbird Ki'cd. an earnest ami scholarly |ireaclier, who, after a service of 11 little ..ver a year, oceasioiied widespread regret in 1S!I!» by expressing the conviction that Ic was iinsuited for the iiiiii- istr.v, and resigning to .nt.r ili.' profession of teaching. His successor, the Kev. Thomas Kobjeiit. has just t.ei>n installed, in November, 1S',l!l. ■ The church has for three years had its home in a oosey little structure on Prospi.ct strei't. Thi' cost of the liuililiug. willi lot. was .'ili-li'.l. 'Hu' ti-na c.tta aicliitcitiiral dcsifrus and s.(! members. It has a Snnday-school of ."ill members, a Women's Missionary Circle and a Yonn;r Peo- ple's Society. The First German Presbyterian Church. This is the oldest (ierman congregation in llic cily. A preliminary organization of it was efl"ectcfl nn .May I'J. I.ST'J. after a service comlncted by the Kev. .Mr. Ki-ni »( Carlsladt at the First Presbyterian Church, then cm Ki\er street, now Park jilaci- The following were the charter nu'Uibers: Henry Biegi'l. I.uilwig Plath, Christian Hulier. Hermann Scliioedir, (i. .Machnow. .1. .1. (iempp. Henry Mutli. Kred. Oeclisli'in, C. H. Schenik. Caspar Muth. Loins Bernard. Kalh. Hartkorn. I,< nis Mueller, Marg. Oechslein. Pred Dorsch. Cnstav Schutz. Henry I.eive. John Biegel. William .\lbre. Kopp. V. Keisi-1, .1. Priederich. H. Gerlach. (i. Prey. I,. A. Pohl. A. Keuther. Wm. Frank. Wm. DetHer. Ch. .lahn. M. Klemni. A. Werling. A. Tnlhvitz. G. Otto. L. Koi'del. Wm. Kiid. I'"rom the l»vnnning to March. 1888. the (.ougregation was in charge of the ministers of the Carlstadt German Presby- terian church. The nanu-s and time of service of these min- isti'rs are as follows: The Kev. Mr. Kern, from May. 1872. to the olcse of 1875: the Kev. .\. Baumgaitner. from .lanu.iry 1,1 .lune. 1870; the Rev. F. O. Zesch. from .Inly. 187ti. to Oc- icbcr, 1S,S;5: the Rev. K. Bering, from October. 188.3. to .\pril. 18X8. From .\pril to .Xovember. 1888. the Kev. C. II. Wedel of the German Theological Seminary of Bloomtield. N. .1.. supplied the pulpit. During the pastorate of these ministers c.nly one ser\ ice <'ouId be held ou Sunday, namely, at 4 p. in. Whi-ii. liiiwever. in October. 1888. the congregation decided 1,1 have a minister who could devote his whole time to their interests. Sunday morning and evening services wire intr,,- ilticed Since 18SS the following have administereil pastoral servic,. 1,, the ii, 'is of the Sinking Fund the building on Washington pl.i,.,. Ilii'ii ,-..|11im1 Washington Hall. After this bull, ling had l„.,'ii lli,,r.iiiglil.\ ri'iiiivat,',!. it was dedicatcl. ',11 -May 2. 188(5. liiiiuedialcly before entering tli,>ir ,iwn ,-luii-,li tli,' ,-oiigrega- li,,ii held their services at the ..1,1 ('il.\ ll.ill. ,-,ini,T ,.1' I'l-.ispect ,-tiei't and Howe avenue. f,H- a perioil of about three months. Tile surroundings of the old church building on Washington place were becoming more and more disagreeable, so that it was necessary to look for a more suitable site if the cougrega- lioii wislicl t,. d,, more effective work in the fntiir,'. The prcs- I m well localeil church property on Madison slrcl. between llaniili,.ii and Columbia avenues, was bought in Sepiiiuber. ISilS. from -Mrs. Lizzie B. .Taivis and Miss Lillie .\. Kiisliiig. W,irk on a new church biiililing was commenced N,.v,.iiib,r. 1Siis. li is a iiretty frame structure of Gothic design, built in 111,. ..Id cruciform style ami designed by Architei.f K. K. Twist ,.l this city. The cost of the building was a little over .$(j.(MM), including the interior furnishings. The real value of it. how- ever, is much higher. The luiihliiig was dedicated on .Inly lii, l.'^illl, in the presence of a large gathering, as well as a nunil.er iif clergymen of Passaic and vicinity and of the Hon. C. M. Il.iwe. the present Mayor. The organizations and societies of ilie diiuTli ar,': Tlii. Sunday-school, the Ladies" Aid So- ciety, the Sewing Circle of Happy Workers and the Young Peop.le's Society of Christian Endeavor. The Sunday-school is the oldest of these organizations. It was organized in 1X72. The Ladies" Aid Society dates from October Id. lS7.''i. The Sewing Circa' of Happ.v Workers is a society of girls from six to sixteen years of age. and was founded September 22. 1.S!I4. The ("lirislian Kudeavor Society was organized Marili 4. 1.S'.I7. Holland Reformed Churches. Th,' -\i',li'ilaii,l 1!, •formed Cliunli was ,irganizeil. aii,l iii- corpiu'ated under tlu' laws ,ir New .Tersey. Si'iiteiiiber 211. 1 SS.",. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 133 llii-.iii;;li llic \liiiiiinic .Mi'iji'iiiik hail a rail to tin' .\r\v Amsii rilaiii .NiMlcrlaml ('luirrh ami left ra>saii'. 'I'lir lonjirrKatiiin then ciiinnioncotl oorrcsiiiimli'in r willi .1. A. I'liii^ fi-imi Si'liii'ilani. llnliaml. He .ari'lvi'il nu Ma.v 1-. ISNS. ami upiiii cxaniinati .11 li.v llir Ui'V. ('. Vui'st \v;is iiislallril as rctfil- lar pastiir on .Inl.v .'I. ISSS. Hi- scrvi's tin- conjinKalion still. The churi'h socittics consist of a Sunday-school wiili .VJ .scholars, .lolin Rose, .stipcrintcndcnl. :ind foui- teachers, and .i sln;;in.i; society with :!ll nicniliers. .Mrs. .Tohannis de I.eiiiw and I'etci- .\. ll.acens, instrnctors. The pirsi'iil ollicers are: EliU'rs — Arie v.aii \'liel. reter Kra- nentinr;;h, .lohn Itnse. .Idle Wiarda. Deacons — .John Haseiis. Cs. Wai'ner, lleiulriU Drost, Jakob A. Tvoost. Trustees — John Kose. presidont; John Hageu.s, secretary: Cs. Warner, treasu- rer: Tennis Kii'vit. .Inkoli .\. Troost. Tile I'irsI Holland Keriunieil Cliiirih was lonj; known as llie .\Iiinriie Street Holland Cliiiiih while il worshipped for for many years in the old white Imildinf; on Monroe street. This has now ln'cn abandoned for a substantial-looking build- infr. costinfr .$17,110(1, at Hamilton aveiuie and .lackson street, completed and dedicated in I.Silll. The Itev, .Martin Klipse has 1 n the pastor since IS'.M',. Tlie cliiin-li was or^'aiiized December S. 1ST:!. The Christi.-in llnllaiid Uelorini d ('liiinli owns a liandsonii' bnilding and parsona;;e on Hope avenue, iie.ar M.-idismi sireel, and is a Honrishinu and ititlnential coinire^ation. The Itcv. r. Kiislen is the pastor. Passaic Bridge Union Chapel. The Passaic Ilriduc ( Miris1i;iii I'nioii was ori;anized in l'''ebrinir.v. 1877; was incin'porated in September. 1S7S. ;iiid derives its ^!nancial snp])ort from volnntary olTcrinsts. li built a T'nion ("hapel for that sccliini. which was then without a clinrch. The intent nt llir I'nioii was sot fortli in the b.v-laws, which r Sniiday-sclionl purposes only. The Itev. K. II. Ilei-nm was ilie last niinister in ili.irL.'e. Other Organizations. Wiimen's Clirlsliaii Assodalion ami the Swedish Lnlheraii < 'liiirch. ThiTe arc two Hebrew synacognes in I'nssnic. The Con- gregation IViiai Jacob, at Wasliinglon place mid Columbia ave- nue, is the oldest. 11 dates ba(k twelve years, and has owned its present propert.v for four years, having purchased il from the Christian Uefornied Chiii-.b. Itablii M. Iiippinaii and Pres- ident Louis (ioodniau are the principal ollicers. The Ciiiigrc- gatioii Kikar Cholini, organised in 18!).'i, has a synagogue on Second street, and niaiiilaiiis a Hebrew school, in which chil- dren are taught the history and literature of their race after their daily studies in (he public schools. The .\frican I'nioii .Mctliodisl ProlestanI Church (coloreiK was organized in 187."> by Uobert Sheppardson. Heiijainin Wil- liams, S. .lohnson and others. It was without a regular pastor for ten ye:irs, when the Uev. .Toseph King was' sent here. The congregation then reinoveil from Speer's Hall to a little biiiliiing on Oak street, near Main avenue, now used as a chill lioiise. In 18!)4 another building was erected on Oak street, near .Myrtle avenue, which was completed b.v the Uev. Thomas H. Scott, who succeeded -Mr. King. In .November. ISUo. the Itev. J. II. Washington was called, to be succeeded ill ISiill by ih,. i;e\. W. Uobeiison, 'Hie Bethel A. M. E. Clinrch (colored) is :i more recent ergaiiization. The Itev. T. .1. .lackson is jiastor. Young Men's Christian Association. llvii- liair a leiiiiiry ago tieorgc Williams and a few friends gathered in an niipcr room in London and formed the first Young Men's Christian .Vssociation. It was eminently fitting ili.'it the lirsl step toward rorming sm h an organization in This docs 111.1 cNliausl the list of religions m-ganizalions. some of which, though doing a noble work, <.an hardly be said to have a history, .\inoiig these are the I^'xington Chaiiel. a branih of the First Jlethodist Episcopal Chnrch: the Women's Christian Temperance I'liion and the newly organized Young THE. T. M. C. A. BUILDING. Passaic should bo taken in an upper room, when, on the Ptli day of December, l.SOl. twelve young men met together at the boarding place of one of their number, and considered the ad- 134 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. viKiiliility of estiililisbiii;: iin association in onr city. Witli ;i strun;; faitli in tlie power of prayer, tlic-'c youn« ini-n met on Snnday. Decenilicr 20. l.sjtl. in their lirst devotional service in till- parlor of the Methoilist C'hnrcli. The next step was the permanent ori.'anizatii>ii of tlie Passan- Yonn;; Men's Chris- tian .Vssociation. on March IT. M^'.Ki. .\t this nieetini: a cnnstitntioli was ailnpteil anil a Hoard of Kirectors electetl. coni|M>s«Hi ^if fifteen linsiness men. .\t the lirst ineetini: of this Board Dr. (,'. M. Howe was iinaiiinn>iis- ly electi'd pnsident. On .Inue 1 of that year C. H. Kin;.'sl)Hry of IJhixle Island was called to the positiun of fJeni-ral Secretary, and in the same inonih lieailipnirters were secured in the Willett huilil- inir. at 2."^; Main aveniu-. where parlors, reartin;: and social rooms were openeil. with musical instruments, all current periixlicals and sanies for the ii.si- of nn-mliers. In l.S!):5 David f'arlisle was elected president, which p'lsitinn he lias hclil continuously since that time. In this lirst year of its existence the .\ssociation was nut idli'. .V clanie at the newspaper liles of that year reveal a continual record of socials, receptions, athletic events and rc- liuious services. I'mler tie' guidance of (Jeneral Secretary Kiii!;sl>nry its crowih had heen a steady, healthy one. and it was with keenest regret that his resignation, which was pre- senteil in April. 1)S!)4. owinj; to ill-health, was acceiitetl by the Hiiaril of Directors. Two months later K. T. Kleniin^-. who had been very successful as secretary at Cuinlierland. -Md.. was called to succeed Jlr. KiiiKsluiry. After a service of nearly two years he resipneil. and was succeeded by the present tiein-ral Secretar.v. William K. Daum. The association, with a work that wa.s jn'owinc in all its deparlnn-nts. now liecan to feel the neeil r>f a permanent or- )::niixation. Aecordin>:ly. on .November :i(l. IS'.Mi. it was in- I'orpiirated and a Bo:ird of Trustees idected. coni|«pscd of nine well-kimwn citizens. Thus the first detinite step was taken In secure a home for the A.ssociation. In .January. l.S!t7. the Board was very fortunate in securing a cntrally located lot. a sift of the late Kdo Kip. .\u enthusiastic canvass for funds with which to erect a buildin;: was immediately bejinn. I'lans were secured, and in Aujiust. 1S98. ground «as broken for the m-w building. On October 2!l. l.SttS. the cornerstone was laid with inijjressive ceremonies. Thi- building is now complete, and the handsome edifice on Lexington avenue stands as a monument to the generosit.v of the jiublic-spirited resnlehts of this city and to the untiring .ind faithful efforts of the Board of Directors. Secretar.v Daum and the members of the Association. With the excei>tion of the two stores on the first floor, the entire buililing. from roof to basement, is devoted to the u.se of the association. In the basement, which is well lighted and ventilated, are found the bathrooms, containing shower and needle baths, sufiidied with hot and cold water; a large, well-appointed plunge bath, dressing rooms with individual lockers for members, howling alleys and a bicycle storage room. In the rear on the first floor is the gymnasium annex, with a Moor space 4.Sx.")(i fett. thoroughly eriuippcd for the work of the Physical Department. This room is also used as an auditorium with a seating capacity of .itK). On the second floor are fouml a spaiions reception hall, with .secretaries' otiices. reading room and librar.v. recreation room, directors' parlor and a handsome double parlor. The third floor is devoted to the use of the edu- cational and boys' defpartmeuts. and the fourth floor is fur- nished as a men's dormitory. The governing fiower of the Association is the Board of I >irectors. which is elected for a term of three years by the active members of the association. The present Board and its officers are as follo«s: David Carlisle. President: C. (J. Hanks. l''irst Vice-President; F. W. Soule. Second Vice-President; K. D. Kent. Treasurer; .1. E. Ackerman. Recording Secretary; Dr. C. -M. Howe. A. Swan Brown ideceased), C. E. White. !■'. (Jruiib. T. .\. It. Goodlatte. A. Z. Van Houten. DeW. C. Cowdrey. T. .M. Moore. E. Flower. (J. W. Brown. The Hoard of Trustees holds in trust all projjerty owned by lln' association, and its members are as follows: Edward I'hil- lifis. President: 1,. 1". Spencer. Secretary: .1. A. Willett. Frank Hughes. .T..s,pli H. Wright. F. A. Soule. Dr. C. .\. Church. Cordon iHiiiii. Daviil ('.-irlisle. THE HUGHES BUILDING. Kri'CtKl oil I III' site of thi' nil) ■FlHl Iron.' CHAPTER XX. CHARITIES OF PASSAIC. Two Complete Modern Hospitals An Orphan Asylum — A Bureau of Charities — A Union Benevolent Society — A Day Nursery and a Rescue Mission. Tl 1 !■; liiispitiils of I'lissMU- tr.uc llu'ir ili'S<(Mit from ,i fire (lisin'iisiiiy opi'iird niul iniiintMiiiod by llii- nu'inliris nf ibr I'lis-Jiiie City Mciliciil SDcicty. in ISltl, iit 277 I'assuic stn-et, in tlio Imililiiif; n.iw iKciipiiMl liy llic I'Msssiic Street Mis- siim. Some yi'.irs previims to tliiit tliere had liei'ii efforts to touiul a hospital. 'I'lie tirst was in 1SS4. ulien It was proposcil to start one in lonneetiun w illi ihe llonic^ ;niil ( Irplinn Asylnni. ami the seeond a year ei' so later, x\ hen an enlhnsiastie meetiiif; to discuss tlie sulijei-t was held at ihe Innni' of I >r. Cornelius Van Uiper. 'J'lie meetin;; adjourned at the call of the ehair, and it was imi>ossilde ever to i-'et a snttieient limnber toj;ellier a.L'ain. The Medieal Society, when it opened Ihe ilispeiisary. pro- vided one or two eots for aeeident eases, where patients could lie broufiht wlnle arrangements were ma( lhi' i'aleisen hospitals. 'Plu'se facilities \ver<' soon iiver iaxt'd. '1 lie ujiper floor \\';is renteil. and the place became the Emeii;eniy Hosoit:il. ii 1 women interested themselves, and evenliially formed the 1. allies' .VnNili.iry. relieving; the physicians of many c ares. On Juiu' 17. IS'.IL!. the doctois incorporated as the I'assaic Hospital .\ssociation. with the followiii!; charter inendiers: I>rs. K. A. 'I'lMlinne. .1. .\. llei;einan. Cornelius \'an Kiper. F. 11. Kice. \V. II, C.irroll. (!. .1. Van Schott. John J. Sullivan. V. 11. Terhnne. C. 1,. Kniidle. F. V. C. Uemarest, .1, V. llad- ley and ( leorne T. \\'elch. .V meeting; of the incorporators was held on Keci'iubcr 'Jl at the I'assaic street iinarters. Soon afti'rward Ihe Knn>r,i;eney Hospital was moved to I'arl^ place by the Ladies" Ati.\iliary, which had taken ehiirge of it. It was in June, l.SitJ, also, that part of the present property was jriven as a hospital site by the late Mrs. Susan J. Palmer, and it was this gift that led to the incoriioration, Mrs, Joseph Hegeman, who had treasured a hiispit,al iiroject in her ndml ever since 1880, had at first intended lo present the land, and a cominittee of physicians ui-nt o\cr the AycriKg pro|ierty to select the site. They chose the coniiuanding bluff on which the hospital stands. On examining the maps, it was found th.it, while Mrs. Hegeinan owned the grouml at the fool of the hill, the hill itself belonged to her sister, Mrs. Susan .1. I'ahncr. This made no difference. .Mrs, rainier generously gave lainl worth .$4,, and subscriptions were taken. Then, partly by gift and partly by iptirchase. twenty-three inlditional lots were oli- fained in 18!M; from the heirs of Mrs. I'almer at a cost of .$::.ll()0. This extemleil Ihe property to the Boulevard. It has sim'i' been enlargeil by the gift fnun Mrs. Hegeman of the land at the foot of the hill, reaching as far as Maple street. Some day this will become a heautifid little park. It was originally intended to liavi' the building front on Lafayette avenue, but a larger structure was planned to face southeast. On Seiitember 14, l.SiMi, the plans of Fred W. Weiitworth were adopted for a brick building, <;o;hi<' in style and pleasing in design. On December 7 a contract was signed with John W, Ferguson to coiniilete the work for l<4ll,lilHi, <;:oniid was broken five days later. On .March 11. l.S!t7, the cornerstone was laid, and on Xovendier 1 the biiililing was opened. The Kmergency Hospital, which at this time was in the ol.l liegeman mansion, on Itiver Drive, was then dis- coiitiniied. The General Hospital, as it has come to be called, has Ihns been open slightly over two years, and up to .Novem- ber 1. l.S!«t. it had cared for S:54 patients. Its departu'ents are nu'dieal. surgical, gyiu'cological ami eye and ear. It has a complete modern ei|iupment in every respecf. It h.is a splernlid oiierating room and two adult w.irds of ten beds each, children's ward of tell beds. tW" wards of two beds e.ieh ami nine private rooms, making a total of forty-three beds. The nursing is the work of gradii- ati' nurses, assisted 1),\ ihe members of a training school. -Miss (iertrude M. llealy. a graduate of the I'atersou (Jeneral Hospit.-il. with experieiicL' in the Boston City Hospital, had charge of the schocd from its inception unlil the summer of l.s'.lli. She was assisted by Miss Rosiiia Vreelaml. Miss Dai.sy Duighr, a graduate of the New York Hospital, and fiirmer assistant at Ihe Smith Infirmary of Stateii Island, is the pres- ent superintendent. Dr. .\. L, Childs was the first house physician of the insti- 1 111 ion. He was followed by Dr. Frank M. Stagg, who was succeeded in ISIHl by Dr. W. H. Lawremi'. Jr. The present officers and directiU's of the I'assaic (ielieral Hospital Assoei.-ition are: I'resideiit, Joseph Iloldsworth: Vice- President. Dr. .1. A. Hegeman; Treasurer. Uichard Morrell: Secretary, E. B. Maynard: ,Iaines B. Ackersoii. itlii-ii WHS pn'sidi-ut of the associ- iitiiiii from 1S!W until liis ik-ulli on I>Ofi»nili<>i- 'Jii. l.Sil". His loss was ili'<-|ily fflt. as oiiiTg}' »"« *''? ilouiiiiaiit iiott- of his THE OLD HEGEMAN HOUSE. I Kornierly ijie EnierKOury JlospUal l »*liiira«'I<'i*. anil sonn- nf Iiis Iit'st w«>rk was ;;ivt'n to tlu* i-ansc. Tin- I.ailirs' Auxiliary has llic followlnj; ortui-rs: I'rcsi- : the Kev. .loliii A. She|i|iaril. rei'tor of St. Nieh- olas' Koiiiaii Catliolii' Chiinli: the Itev. ('. Monilorf. of Carl- stadf, the Itev. .1. E. I.ainhert. the lU'V. .1. .1. Cmineely and Ilrs. (!eor;:e T. Welili. Frederick K. ('. Ileniarost. John .1. Sullivan and W'illi.ini II. Carndl. The four doctors naineil hail withdrawn froiii the I'assaic lliis|iital Assoiiation some time inevioiisly liecanse of dilTereiiees of oliiiiion with the majority iilioiit the |irii|ier iiiaiia;;eiiienl of the Kmer^'incy Hospital. The chill house near the Catholic church was converted into a neat and satisfactory hospital with a dozen lieds. ll was opened on .Vncnst l.">. I.S'.l.'i. A lniildlnj; site at Mich slicel and AycriKK :iveniie was purchased hy Father Sheppard in that year. The neiifliliorin^' property-owners did not ^reel the pi-os|iect of a hospital with enlhiisiasm. and an effort was made to repnrcliiise the property. Iml it failed. I'l.-ins for a I'llildin.; v.itli a fioiita^'eof lill feel, a depth of 111(1 feet .iinl four stories lii'ili. with a liaseinenl and a rear snli-cellar. were pre- liareil liy Schickle iV Hitinars. The eontnict was awarded to Smith Hrothcrs for .$:!S.IKI(I. The cornerstone laying w.is the occi'sii II III a «ieal celelnation, the orators liein;: (loveriior .lohii W. tJriiiKs and Hislmp .Mctjnaid of Kochester. The Iniildin^' was delayed ciiiisiileralily by the conlractors sliip]iiiii: work and the liliiiK of iniiiiy liens. It was Kiiislied hy the liondsiiian. and the portion of the contract jirice iine.xiiended was paid into Chan- cciy to he divided iiiiioii): the creditors. The linildiin; was oceil]>ieil on .NoviMiilier S. LS'IM. The hospital, fnrnisliiiiKs and ciinipmeni arc v:iliied ai ¥."i;,(ltM), The linildiliK is of lirick. stone and iron, very siili- sl,iiitial, rcslint' on the solid rock, soniid-proof where necessary and of the most approvi'd liospit.il constrnctinn. Tlicie are two snrj-'ical and two medical wards with eijrlit beds cadi, a children's ward cdntainiiiK four lieds and li'ii private romns. niakiii;^ fort.v-six IxhIs in all. The hospital is non-scct:irian. and its doors are open to the sick of every race and creed: bill, beiii;; ninler ('.■itliolic .•nispices. the institntiMii is maiiajrcil by the Sisters of the Order of St. Klizab<>tli. whose headiiuaiters .■ire at Madison, .\. .1. Sister Mechlilde was supervising nurse from Aii;,'iisl l."i. l.Sil.'i. until Noveinlier 24. lN!t!). when she was transferred to .Vewark and sncceoded by Sister Uose \'iii- ceiit. l-'or four \ears there was only one chMii;:e in the medical staff. Ill December. 1.S!h;. Dr. .I.din .1. Sullivan resimied In siieiid two years in profcssiniKil study in Kiiropc. lie was siieceedeil by Dr. I'eicy II. ■rcrliiiuf. In ( >ci..l.ci-. ISIHI. the Mother Superior of the Order announced to the staff her con- viction that a ehaiifie was desirable, and thanked tlieiii for their faithful labors, ll devidoped that the iiiteiitimi was to make the hos|iital .-i homocnpathii' iustilutiou. and the follow- ing' st.-iff was appoiulcd by I hi' Koanl i>{ Trustees at Madi- si u: — Chief of Staff- Dr. Ch.nles .V. Church, of this city. \isitin;jr I'liysiiiaiis — Drs. Kdwin Dc Kami ami .\. C. Iti- c.ndo, Tassaic: Dr. I'orter S. Kinue. I'aterson: lb 11. II. Ilollister, Itullicrf.inl: Drs. .1. K. Miillmlhind ;iim1 W. S. Haker. .\ewark. Ccuisiiltiu;: I'hysieiaiis— Dr. F. li. .Mandeville. .Newark^ Dr. .1. I,. Seward. Orange: Dr. T. V. Kinne. raterson: Dr. IC. .1. Howe, Newark. Visiting .Siir^'ci'iis ..ml < iyuecolo.iiisls— Dr. C. ll.rlicit Clmicli, .Nuilcy; Dr. I". I ). N'reolaud, Paterson: Dr. I'. C. Bunn, Oram,-!': Dr. S. Wi'lliuaii Clark. Jersey City; Dr. II. II. K. Sleght. New.irk: Dr. F. .\. MandeviUe. Newark. Coiisullinir Surgeiuis and ( Jynaecolotrists— I )rs. (Jeoijic W. i;.. belts. S. F. Wilcox, H, 11. Tuttle. William Tod llclmulh. .ir.. and .lohn 11. Thoiup.snn. all of New York Cily. Specialists — Kye, ear. nose and throat. Dr. 10. II. K.ilduin, .Newark: stomach diseases, Dr. S. Wellmau Clark. Jersey City. Ccuisultiiu; Surgeons and ( ;.\ uccolojiists Drs. (Jeor.L'e W. frich. New York: nose and throat. Dr. C. 10. 'icets. New York. Cimsullinj; Dermalolo^'ist- Dr. II. .\1. De:irborii. .New York. Other apiioiulmenis are to bi' made. The uperatiilK room, which is a fit'm, is to be e.iuipped with a I'c.uiplete sterilizing outfit, male atlendaiits will be cngafied. and the hospital will appe,-il to the ver,\ large l">d.\ III physicians of the hoiuoeu- THE HOLY NAME CLUB HOUSE. < I'ormerly St. Mnry's Hospital >■ pailiic school in Northern New Jersey, who at present have no hospital at a convenient distance for their patients. This will be a benefit to the cotnmunity, u.s it will lighten the bur- DR. JOHN A. HEGEMAN. DR. CHARLES A. CHURCH. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 14) llc'll III' SMllllHllilm IWcl lliispilals. wlliill ll;l>. Ilillji'I'hi lllTll cllclT- lllllv sll:ircil liv Mil .-Imssi-s. ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL. Kiicli hcispit.-il rc'ccivi'S rrniii llic i-diiiily 81.111111 ;iiiiiiiallv. 'i'lw city iiiiilii's III! siMtcil priivisioii. Iiiit |i:iys :\ wrcUly slipciHl Icir I'lirli iiMliciit iinliTid Ihcir liy tile ;iiitlicii-i( ii's. The Home and Orphan Asylum. Tlir l';issair Hiniii' niicl ()r|ili;ui Asyhini Assdciatiuu \v:is iir^.'iuizi'd Nuvi'iiiluT ■_"J. ls,s-j, .ni.! iiicdriiui-iilcil Dcoembor 17. 1.SS4. It lii'^MM hy iriiiiii"; ilii' Marsh hoim'slcail. in T/Pxiiif;- toii avi'iinc. w liirli \\as (ncniiii'd until 18.S7, when tlic picsi'iil roniniiiiliiins Imnir at Kivcr Driyc and (Iri'iimy avrnui' was mtui'imI. .\ iiayini lit of a few lliimsand dullars was ui.ado •a! .pni'i-. In .May, 1!S.S.S. JIi-s. I'ctci- Uciil uiwf .$i;.r)(l(l. .Mrs. lliairy .\. I'.ariy .?1,000. and these fiifls. wiili lesser oues. wiped uiir the nuirt^ase delit. Noxy the asscii'iation owns a coni- fiii'talile hcmie, stamliii;; in spacimis jininnds. the entire prop- erty beinjr worth nearly .$lill.(Hi(). The ^v()rk of the association Avas generously sniiporteil nnlil the pressing claims of yoniiger cliarities cansed sonic of its ac h , offers temporary help to tide them over sea.soiis of illiu'ss or distress, and preserves their indo- pcmleuee and si-lf-respect liy scrupulous care ami delicacy. It furnishes food, medicine and clothing, lint selilom mom'y and never pays rent. Its otlicers hidieve thai in this way il .IV. .ids spreading tlu' curse of chronic dependeucy. The so- ciety has distriliiited :is many as S.tMMI garments in a year, m.Miy of them entirely new ami f.-ishioned at the .sewing ineet- iofis hidd at tin' homi's of its memliers. The exiieiulitures for food and medicine have reached as high as .ftKHl during a few months in the winter. .\n annual rejiort of the wi.rk is made at the I'nion Thanksgiving servi<'e of the evangelical ihnrches, at which time a coUeeticni is taken for the society. l'"or the last three years the society has heeu working in iKiinioiiy will, the linrean of Charities, which collects aud (lassilies rc'e jrds of applicants for charities to ascertain who are wurthy ami to prevent the unworthy from obtaining lu'lp simiiltani'onsly from many different sources. It was found that ceiiain persons were in the habit of making the rounds from om' society to amilher. soliciting aiil. and thus living on charity almost continually. By means of this bureau the Circles of King's Daughters and othi'r church societies are able to ascert:iin (jnickly and definitely who are the worthy .11 |ilicants. The I'assaic Day Nursery was established in 1S!»1 to take care of the little children of working mothers during the day- time. It is m)t e.xactly a charity, as it insists on the payment of five cents .-i day for each child. fl til all whii will hear. This has been the work of .lames K. Jlorris for the last eisrht .Tears. When he started his Rescue Mission he was aliuust withont friends or siipixirt. but since then he has been liberally aided in the conduct of a Christian charity that can never become self-supporting. Mr. Morris was ordained to the ministry in ISOiP. » r"*. .i.-V J BBaH J aiaa U A, ■) - \ CHAPTER XXL PASSAIC PUBLIC LIBRARY. With Over 7,000 Volumes, 46.000 Annual Circulation and 66,000 Visitors to Its Two Reading Rooms, It is Doing a Splendid Work. PASSAIC is mil' of the few lilios of the St;Uf. ami anions t!i.' liisl, uliicli toi>k ailvautatri' of llu' law i-naliliiis; a MHMiiri|ialilv to taki' a popular vuto nil tlie cstablisliiiii'iil r .lohii -V. Willelt. I he Kev. .1. A. Spencer, D. D.. l»r. .1. ('. Herrick. .V. Swan Brown and Dr. B. B. Aycrij;;;. -Vndri'W Foulds. President of the Board of Education, and the Mayor himself were ex-olHcio iiiembers. .\s no money was due from the i-ity until .luiie. l.SSM, a subscription iiaiier was circu- lated, and .$2,0(1(1 was raised with ^vllicll to furnish rooms and purchase books. The institution was opened iu the Campbell. Mrts. eti'.. under the auspices of the Passaic Librar.v Association. "The annual re|Mirt for IS'.LS shows a circulation of 4(i..">l.'^ volumes, each book in the library having been circulated alioni six times. The reading rooms weri' used Iiy l!ll."_'7."i persons, which shows an average alron- ized. There is a special room and separate juvenile library luMc for children. The open-shelf system has here hceu very successful, as well as at the main library, where the children are ;illowcd t(^ selef-t their own books. "It has been the pnriiose of the library inaiiageineiit to make the connection between the library and the public schools a ehise one. Books are sent to the class rooms for the use of the teachers and pupils. Teachers' meetings are held in the library rooms, and a reference library on educational subjects has been purchased for their use. Kverythiiig calculated to promote the interest of the ])eople in ediK-ation. and in making the library a centre of culture in the city, is encouraged. "Literary societies are invited to hold their meetings in the library rooms and to make the reference room their work- ing centre. "The library and the branch are under the direction of Miss Ocelia C. Lambert, librarian, and Messrs. .f. .\. Willett. Irving Angoll. W. C. Kimball. U. I). Benson and (;. W. Blan- cliard. Trustees. Mayor Howe and Dr. Frank K. Spanliling. City Superintendent of Schtwils. are members ex-oHieio." Besides the gifts above mentioned. .S2.IKM) was given in IWf!) by an anonymous donor to keep tin- Dniidee Bram-h open at a time when it was feared it would have to be closed for lack of funds. Tlie law will probably be amended this winter, .so that the eity can increase the annual appropriation to meet the city's growing needs. The Dundee Branch was made po.ssible in the first plr.ee by a public subscription of .■j^L.-iCO, taken up without any great effort. Throughout its histoi'.v. the institution has been managed in an intelligent sl'.irit and aide.(!( I( I and total resonries of over ^T.M'.iMio, the inslitnlion is in a sound ami prosperous conrlition anil elijoyin;; the hijihest coiitidenre of the conimiiiiit.v. This has been ilne to the stamliiii: of the ilirec- tor.s, their safe management and the safetfiiards imposed by the .\ati(in;il Kankiii^ Law. The directors purchased the lot at (he siMithwe.st corner of .Main and Bloomlield avennes in March. IMSS, and erected a handsome bnildin;; of Indiana linu'stone in the winliT of ISS'.MMI. It measures :!.■) by (iH feet and is threi- stories hijili. with a basenu'iit. There have been few clian»,'es in tlu' mana;.'enient of the l:le. who sncceeiled -Mr. Sonic in ISST; Charles .M. Howe. IJidiert D. Kent. Thomas -M. .Moore. (.Jeorjie H. Waterhonse, .lohn .\. \\ illeit, Peter Uiid. 1'. C. Sireckfuss an. Kent: Seirei.iry and Treasurer, .lohn .1. Slater; .Attor- ney. nionia>- M. .Moor,.; .lohn .\. Wdlett. Kdo Kip. .Moses K. Woitheii, David Ca"lisle. F A. Sonle, .Tohn J. Bowes. George K. Waterhonse, F. W. .Sonle. IVter Keid. Frank M. Swan. -V. N Ackerman. A. Z. Van Houten. The chauKOs have been few. .Ian.es C. Shearman has become secretary and treasurer in place of Mr. Slater, who is still a director. William F. (Sas- ton was elected to succeed the late Moses E. Wortheu, and the vacanc.v caused b.v the death of -Mr. Kiji has not yet been tilled. The coiniiany rinniiieiii-eil Imsiness at .'lllli Main a\'i'mu'. in tile -Music Hall block, since destroyed by fire. When the Na- fior.al Bank liuildinvr was completed, in 1891), it occupied the first Hoor, and added the renting of safe-deposit boxes to its sjivings bank business. Its deposits then ainoniited to .$!Mt.00O. It is empowered to act as receiver, guardian, execnlor .luil ad- ministrator and to ailmiuister all trusts authorized by law. Deposits are received from one dollar u]i. ami interest of -i per rent, is p.iid si'iiii annually. ROBERT. D. KENT. ForiiuTly Viushier Pa.s.s«lr Nattoiml Bunk .\n exainination of the last statement to the State Bank- ing Department shows that the capital stock paid in is .filll.OIK) DAVID CARLISLE. s. I'nssaic Nutiuiiitt Kiiiik. HON. ANDREW McLEAN. rurnuT Mayor uf the City, THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. J 49 :iih1 llir iiiicli\ iilicl iiriilits. (ir siii'|ihis. iiiiKiiiiil to .fl'.t.TH. 'I'ln' savings ili'iicisils. (Innviii;; I! per ci'iil. interest, aiiiiiuiit I'l .f:7l.".l..".1!t. lint iiiiliKliiii; $•_':; I. sril.C." of trust fiinils. wliieli .■in- II ll IS esllll'lislieil A lil.'llli'll ill llie llirivill^' l>nrull;:ll itiil stoek is at iiresent .<1(MI,IHKi, anil il has a siirphis of $4il.lHHI. Its total resources are S'.MIII.IMMI anil its ilejiosils exeeeil .S7r.ll,IHMI. In 1898 the hank pnrehaseil for ijSJtMHHl a plot of t'loiiml on Main avenue, niiinint.' tliroii);h to the new street known as Kxehanse I'laee. anil in l.S!)!l eonstriietcci ii six-story modern offlee hnildinK. superior to anything of the kiiiil in the eily. Tlie material is (iartiehl liriek with carved lirowiistone trim- iiiiiiL's. The ImililiiiK cost npwanl of $."i.Ialcolni. Direi-tors — Bird W. Spencer. Oscar Dressier, liieliard Mor- rell, Oilbert I). Bogarl. Kobert .\I. Offord. Wolstau R. Brown. Uiehard Outwater, William S. Stryker. Cornidius Van Kiper. Alfred Speer. lleiny .Meyers. William Mahcdiii. Conielius .1. Cadmus. .lolm .V. Ile^'ciiiaii. Ijc.prge 1'. Knsl. .Viidri'W .Mi' Lean. Till' b.'uk n moved to llie newly ererlcd News building in the tall of IMiii and changed its name to the People's Bank and Trust Company. Besides its general banking business, it receives savings, on which it pays 4 per cent, interest; executes trusts and is a dejui-iii. ly for State, county and city funds. GEN. BIRD W. SPENCER. I^resiaent of Pcnples nank. Our Building and Loan Associations. The building and loan idea took root in I'assaic in l.'^S'J, when the Mutual Building and Loan Association was formed. It is the "Old Keliablo" association, and is now bigger than many a bank in cities of the size of I'assaic. It was organized by William Malcolm, (Jeorge S. Hughes, Adrian Norman and others, and for the first year had only a few stockholders, be- r.nisi' building associations were m-w. The tirst annual state- ment showed such profits that there was a rush of applicants for shares, ami in seven years the total loans exceeded ,$2,"i(I.IMHI, llii' meiiibership was 7.">l' and the uMiiiber of shares outstanding w lis nearly IJ.tHMl. This has been almost the maxiinuni growth of the associa- tion, lint it has been steadily maintained, in good times and J50 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. I'liil. lor 11-11 v.'iiis. Tlio iiiciiiliiTsliip is now 78li. tliiTf hit li.lKiil sliiiivs oiitst:iii:liiik' anil tlic lotiil invcstnicnts of the iissm-ia- tioii 11 ro SJIXJ.OOO. II is hard to believe that in seventeen years the amount of uey haiiillei] has reached the siiriirisin;; total of *2.:{4r>.( 100. yet these are llie olDeial figures. The niiinlter of loans made lias lieen -irKI. and the ii!;i;re).Mte aiiioiint involved has lieen .^l.OIHt.lNMI. Not a dollar has liecii lost or si|iiandereil. and it has l.eeii iieeessary to niaki' only thirteen foreilosiires. some of whieh were friendly proi-.-edin^-s. The career of the Mu- tual is a woiiderfnl testimonial to the worth of the loan as- soeiatioii [ilaii and the wisdom of its ollieers anil diiei tors. The oltieers are at present: Presiilenl. Kavid II. Sliiiserland: Vice-President. K. ('. Streekfnss: Secretary. William Malioliii: Triasmer. William II. HornbecU: Sidicilor. Willi:iMi I". il>- scribed for in the last series was 1.1:21. The Peoples' has ^SiS.JSl in oiitstandinfc investinents. and its receipts for last year were .'i!l.")-J.S7li. On the stren^'th of these ti;.'ures. it claims lii-st place aiiioii« local bnildin;.' and loan enterprises, and the State reports show that there are only niiieteeii laifrer associa- tions anion;.' the XiS in New .lersey. There have been ilian;;es ill the inaiiiiL;enient. but they have been lew considerin;; that the associution is twelve years old. .Vssiinlilyman .Inlin Kin;; has been president from first to last. William II. Specr has been the only secretary and (JeorKc I". Itiist i;i ly solicitor. Criiiiis I'.iril is treasurer. The iie.Kt association to be orv'anized w.is lb.- I iiioii l.ciaii and Kiiildin^' .Association, wliiih was lurniid in 1X88 by Ncl- .soii Stoddard. .Vdrian .Norman, .bdiii lleiiiion. .1. Theodore Speer and others with experience in the .Mutual. They adopted the |ilaii of reiinirin;; preiiiiiiins to be paid in iiistMllmeiits. as nil. re ei|uitable than deducting; them from loans in liinip siiins. and when their plan was criticized made the claim that it was tavoiable to both borrower and investor, because it would mature the shares in a shorter time. In March. 1890. Presi- dent Stoddard had the pleasure of announcing that the first .series of the riiion had matured in 12!) months, as against i:{:{ months for the Peoples' and i;i5 months for the Mutual. The association on that cK-casiou paid out .$2C.(XH) to the holders of maturing shares. The officers had accumulateil money to pay off the first series at once, and had avoided borrowing money, as is fre<|iiently necessary for this purpose. They claim that their iKilicy has always been to secifre the best results rather than rapid growth, and while they are classed as tiv) 11 iiservative. tliey think iheir record justifies their policy. The present oHiiers are: Piesident. Dr. H. F. Datesman; Vice-Pres- ident. l>r. William II. Carroll; Secretary, Olin S. Twist: Treas- urer, .lolm S. Cadmus; Recorder, Adrian Xorman; Solicitor, Walter Kip. There are 2,803 shares in force, with a cash value of $l'.lli.00. Tile Passaic Building and Loan Association was the fifth in the field. It began business in 1S07. and 9S() shares are now outstanding. The officers are: Piesident, Harry Meyers: Vice- President. Dr. Cornelins Van Riper; Ti-easurer. John Srluuiili: Secretary. (I. S. Orcutt: Solicitor, A. O. Miller, .Tr. The baby assiieiatioli is the Colonial, organized .Vngiist 18. isiis. ,,ii what is kiiuwii as •'tlie l),-iyton plan." This is a plan .Irveliipeil i;i D.iytoii. Ohio, where a dozen associations have thrived under it. The Colonial is so young that it has yet to in.ike .1 record for itself. The officers are: President, AVil- liaiii W. W.ils.iii; \iie riesideiit, Fred W. Harding; Treasurer, M. P. Ilay\\:iid: Seirelain. S. .\. Clarke. RICHARD WORRELL. Founder of Campbell, Morrell (t ("o. HON. WALSTON R. BROWN. FoniuT Mayor of the C'ily CHAPTER XXIII. SOCIAL AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. The Board of Trade — The History of Passaic's Social, Whist, Literary and Athletic Clubs Fraternal Orders and Trades Unions. TIllClIK air SI) many cxrilUnl clulis. linl«i's ainl ntlicr i>r- uaiiizntioiis in wlihli tlii' iiumi aiiil vciiiu'ii of I'lissaic iiu'ot fur mutual ac(iiiaintaiicc and iiniu'ovi'monl. that it is ililtirnlt ti) soli'rt oni' to stait w itii. But. ]K'rtia|is. tlio clioin' will Ih' i-niliM'scd Ity tin* inajtu'ily it" we s'-Irct as the one which ^vi^'llls the jircalest iiitlin'iuc in sliaiiini.' llic lil'r of the ciimniuuity— the Board of Trade. That name ami tin- title of the Citizens' Ininrovoniciil .Association have ;;onerall.v stood, durinjr the l.asi liiteeti xcars. foi-i'niost anion;; those whi) work for the city's ;;ood. The Hoard was or^ianized. originally as the Citizens' Association, in the spring of IKS."), its lirst otMcers being A. Swan Brown, (iresident; Edo Kip. vice-presi- dent: Walston TJ. Brown, secretary: F. A. Sonlo. treasurer. .\mong its most active supporters at the lieginning were ex- .Mayors Willett and Spencer. William II. Gillen, Afred Speer. .1. T. Granger anil .1. .1. Bowes. One of its lirst nets was to issne an illustrated hook on I'assaic, showing its advantages as a plai I residence, and as offering great advantages to manufacturers. This 1 k w.is given a wide circulation over the eoniitr.v, especially in New York, ami has heeii the means of liringing more | pie .ind imsiness to I'ass.-iic than any othi'r single effort. The most notalile event of the tirst jear was the rele- liratiun, on .Inne 111. l.S8('i. of the Bi-Centennial of the settling of Passaic. Tln' celebration consisted of a meeting iu the afternoon, held at the First Reformed Church, where a his- tory of the town was delivered by .Judge Henry I'. Simmons, which was followed by a military anil civic parade. The cere- monies were brought to a close l.y ji grand baiiipiet in the evening at the Music Hall, which was presided over by Presi- dent A. Swan Brown. Among the distinguished gtiests were (Jovernor Leon .\bbett and staff. Congressman William AV .al- ter Phelps. .Vtt irney-tjeneral nblii' lienetits. Among them have b< en the preservation of onr shade trees, river navigation and puritication. the appointment of a Shaih' I'lee Cominission. negoti.'itions with the Kric Kailroad for iniprovemenis at the main depot, along Main avenue and at Passaic Bridge. The late Colinud (Jeoige I. Waring .iddressed llie Board on sewage disposal in l.s'.)."i. Tlu' present presidenl. Perliy .M. P.erry. Ii.is revived the am'ieni ghiries of the organization. .\n instance of the eiierg.v of his regime was the holding of a dcdiate upon tlie iiiiestion of municipal owuersiiip. then being discussed. The Opera House w.is engaged on November '_*. Professor K. W. Beniis of .M.iiinl XcTiion and the II. .ii. T.mi L. .Inluison talked for mrnicipal ownership and .\L .1. Fi:incisco of Kutland. \'t.. and K. K. Clixk of P.issaic against it. imiking the evening very instructive. The whole subject of cheaper water ami light is ,it present under the consideration of the Board. It has one himdred and tweiity-tive members. The following are its otiicers: President. P. -M. Berry: Viie-President. Dr. C. A. Chinch: Secretary. K. B. Maynard: Treasurer. William Mal- colm. Directors— First Wanl— Alfri'd .Speer. .Mendel Pres- berger: Second Ward— Frank Hughes. IJ. -M. Oflford: Third Ward-Uichard Jlorrell. K. D. Kent: Fonnh W.ird Oscar Dressier. T. A. U. (Joodlatte. The Acquackanonk Club. This is a consolidalion of two social clubs, a church and a parsonage. The Washington Club was organized in l.S!>7 with tifty members. It purchased the old Kpiseopal Church jiroperty on Prospect street, took tlu' iiarsonage for a c'nb house and moved the disused church to the rear of the rectory. Then the carpenters, painters and oilnr worknien consoliilaled the two buildings so cunningly that the chance visitor iiears the history of the construction of the club house, lirst with as- tonishment .-iMd ih.'ii with amusemenl. THE ACQUACKANO.NK CLUB. Tile \\'ashingtou Club to a cert.aiu e.vtent compet(*d with till' Passaic City (inn Club, an organization which was started in l.><,S(i to furnish sport at the traps for clay-pigeon shooters. Tile tiiin Cbib h.'id gradually grown to be a |irosperous and 154 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC |.ow.ifiil -i."-!:!! rliili. with till- sliontin^' (livisii.ii iis .mlv ..iif .M il> r.;iuiivs. Tlii-if «:is a ran' ;:.HHlfrllci«sli.-i. aiiiMii^' th in- .■ ,.. I . HUNTER, JOHN J. BOWE^. l.n-s. 'I'lic ■•lull iiwiiril a li'W arrcs (if frniiinil. vaiiiril ai :f-l.(MIO, nil Van Iluilti-n avcniif. wlii-ic tin- sIkkiIs hiti' held. ami i.c.Mi|ii<'sti>miT Iniililin^'. Tli.M-c ivcri- a lUiinlKT of men who liclontfril to liotli iliil>s. ami. after some iieKoiiations, the two voteil. in May. IS'.l'.t. to eonsoliilate under the name of the Aeiinaekanonk Chili. The Ciiii Club moved its l>eloii>riilKs to the eonscdiclatiMl eliili house, where the eoiisnlidilted eliili is niiiniii^' nierril.v nloii;;. Ueailins i-ooiiis. » rifle raliu'e. i 1. liilliards and sliiitHelioanl. the loyal -aiiie of '■s|iiiiiier." and a iiieiiilieishi|> of 17."i of the iiiu>t iii-..iiiiii.iil men in the city and county are iiiakiiif,' it a sm >ess. .Meals and liinehes are served to ineinlieis. and this wilh the well- eundiieled rafe. makes it .1 |daie where strangers ran lie en lertaiiied iiroperly. lull without fonnalil.i or inconveliieme. Tin- eliili ino.ierty is v.iliiccl al S-J.-.IIIHI. ■,„u\ the iiidelile.lness is held liy nieinliers only. The oMie-i-s ami direetors are as follows: riesident. Osrar Dressier: Viee-rresidenls. .loliii .1. Howes, (iemral Mini W. Speiieer. William V. Caslon: Treasurer. II. K. Keall.v; Ki- eonliii;; Seeretaiy. .\. W. Shaw: I'inamial Secielaiy. It. l'>. Tinilall: Captain or ShoMiin;: Division, .laioii .1. \'aii .\dordl: Direetors. Joseph Ilohlsworlli. C. D. Ho;;art. Charles Kelly, .lohn .f. Slater. .lohii .lelleiiie. .1. V. Morrisse. Anilrew MeI.ean, Kiehard Morrell. Captain .1. H. Hall. The lailpiei-e to Ihis chapti'-. taken in llie (Jiiii Chili rooms just previons to the lonsoliilalinn. will serve .is a souvenir to the ineiiiliers of thai lioily of the inanv happy ilays llii'y spent in their ohl ipiarters. r I \^ki of Captain .1. Howes, who has killed tlie ItoiUy .Mininlaiii ^-rizzly. vaminished the .Vfricaii lion, hippotainns and elephant, has met and defeated the royal Bengal titfer and the eairles of Oreaii I'arkV Here he is. siirrouiiiled liy the lia^r mi one of l.is hunting trips. Here also we reproduee a picture of Captains Hall and Howes, laden with venison, after an .Vdiroudack trip. Ill Ihe laiiKuase of the poets, there ale otiier great hunters. ■ ■Ml. liin space will not permit of dwelling on their exploits also. .\fter the coiisolidali f the two. a score or so of (Jim Chill men. who remeniliered its early iLiys. iirganizi'd an otT- shoot. known as the I'assaic City I^mI ami (Inn Cliili. It has r^Kinis at 17 Blooiiitiidil ave:ine. in what were the tirst (piar- lers of the original Ciin Cliih. Its offlceis. idected in .Inly, were: Tresideiit. \V. T. .Magee: Vice-rresidenl. .loliii Heniioii: Secretary. .lohn S. Cailmns: Treasurer. .1. It. lliniiiiii: Field captain. C. F. I.ii : 'I'riisiees. .\. W. Sliaw. -M .1. Cinaii. Ci'orge Krouse. S. II. rainier. K. .\. Kevilt. The Passaic Club. What is now the I'assaic Club was organized on .lanuary IV. \S.S~. by the luenibers of the I'assaic County Wlieelnieli and .1 nuinber of public-spirited citizens. The wlieelmen gavi' up Iheir naiiie and joined the new orgauizalioii in a body. CAPT. J. H. MALL AND CAPI. BUWtb. .Mllioimh Ihe .Vci|iinckiiiioiik Club is so largely social, the Niiiil'oils. the mighty hiiiiters. still flourish. Who has not heard PASSAIC CLUB HOUSE. The leailiug sjiirils in the enterprise at the tiiiu' were F. II. WelHuglon. .\. Sw.iii Hrowu. .1. T. Clanger. IJichard Morrell. I'red Shnil. .M. I'. Slade. W. C. Kimball. .V. E. Seligslack. William I.. Clark and .1. ^\'. Cliiilon. The organization was ki'owii as (he I'assaic Cily Wheeling ami .Vlhlclic .\ssociatioii. .•ind its otiicers were: I'risidenl. .1. T. Cr.inger: Trensiii-cr. Wil- liam I,. Clark: Secretary. II. .1. (iutliric. The club held bicycle race meets and allilelic gaiiiis .il Clifton race track in 1S.S7. 1S,S,S and 1SS!>. and was very .illi- Iclic imleed. Previous to that time llie only athletic org.iniza- lions in I'assaic were llie aiualeiir baseball nines, of which there were iii.-iiiy good ones. The .Men Club of I'assaic Hridge was the best uf ihese. and Ihe interest in sports was so great llial il olTercil prizes lor foot rai-es in open conipelitioii. The races were liidd on Ihe Itiver Drive and I'assaic aviMiiie in I.KSS and IS.S'.l. .ind llie allemlance reached the thousands. .\ll inli'i-esls combined to make the new .itlileiic rliib a CI inprehensive iiistitntion.aiid the moneycil men oi llie l'i«ii lioughl the old Catholic church on Prospect slieel, Ime il ill wii and put lip the handsome building ever since known as "The Club House." The hall. 4t> by CI" feel, on ilie sicoiid Moor was primarily a gymnasiuin. Dissensions as to wlnllicr till' mi'inbers or slockliolders sliould govern the orgauizalioii if \ ^■^■■■l s S|F -"' ^ ^^^1 1- Ixi a ^^^^. GILBERT D. BOGART. It..ii nlli- li'tic lui'iiiliLMs. Tlu-j- foriiUMl tlir I'nssiiic Atlilctii- Cliili aii iiijiiU- liy tho (iisbnndins of the Alert if.uii. nn.l iniido money III! baseliall siimos. The old rliili tried In keep up with its youiiKer rival, hut the I'assjiie Atlileti«- Club diseoiiiited all rivalry in athletics. It leased tlu'
;re\v its pueketl k. Imwever. and ill l.S!t2 it went to pieces in financial breakers. The older orsanizatioii sunn rliaii}.'ed its name ti. "The I'assair Club" and became almost e.xclnsively a soeial nr- Kanizatiiin. Its elub hotise has for years been the place fm- nearly all exclusive eiitortainments and dances, and a fair share of the amusements and ontertainmenls maintained by the elnb cater to the fair sex as well as tii the members, su that it has become the chief social centre of the city. .Inst a tiiiich iif the nld Bohemian days is retained, however, in the "•smokers." with which the winter's program of dances, card partii's :ind entertainments is interspersed. There arc billiard, pool and bowling tournaments every winter. The whist di- vision plays Aveekly. at liunn. .md al.i-o.id. except during the siimmi-r. The drani.-itic divisi.m. .Ji- I'laycrv' Cliili. uivcs one or two (>iitcrtaiiinients aiiiiiially. The dub property is valued at .^Jil.-'idO. and there are 1.S.S members. The otiicers are: rresident. T. AV. .McMulloii: Vice- rresidciit. CcMi-c Kyall: Secretary and Treasurer. H. 8. .Vshby. Other Organizations. The litcr.iry organizations of Passaic .-ire numerous and active. Several of them — the Kenilworth. the .Nineteenth Cen- tury and the Travelers' Chib— are private in their character. :ind it is not the desire of their members to have the proceed- ings made public. The first two are old orsaniz.Uions. The Monday Afternoon Club, a woman's organt/.ation. is leagued with the State Federation of Women's Clulis. and sends deU>- gates to the conventions. It holds monthly mi ctiugs at the homes of its members. The olHcers are: Tiesideiit. Mrs. .1. B. Humplir.xs: \'i.e-Presideuts. Mrs. (ieorge T. Welch. Mrs. C. A. Church; Kccrding Secretary. .Mrs. K. I). Kent: Correspond- ing Secretary. .Mr-. W. W. W Ic.„k: Treasurer. .Mrs. Samuel lirooco.k. The club is ten yiars oM. The I'nity Club, which mei'ts at the Iiiitarian Church, is thrive years old. The I'assaic Whist Club and the whist divisions of the I'assaie and .Vc<|iiaekaiionk clubs keep up scientific interest in tiiat abstruse game. The marked ititerest in whist is three .vears old. and promises lo be long-lived. The Passaic chibs play with each other ami enter teams in the New .Jersey Whist Associ.ation and other contests, freq itly making very high scores. The Yuuntakah Country Club, organized in IS'.l'.i for golfing pirpi>ses. purchased the old Kingsland .Manor House in I»ehi- wauna. laid out a golf links and organized with nearly :i(M» members, of whom one-third are Passaic pt'ople. and the others from .Nutley and liiitherford. It seems to be meeting with great succ'css. The growth of golf into public favor has been the death blow to lawn teiiids and the Passaic I.awn Tennis Clnb. This elub is prai-lically dead now, although ten to fifteen years ago its loiirnanients were social functions, and its players competed tor the Slate championship. If all the fraternal, insurance, secret and social organiza- tions were even mentio:ied, the chapter would read like a page from a citj- directory. A few of the oldest secret and frateriia! so<-ieties can be mentioned: Passaic Lodge, No. C,~, I'rce and .Vccepted JIasons. convened under a dispensation .lime ;!(l. l.S(;4. and was constituted February 7. IStVi. The founders of the lodge were the IJev. Marshall B. Smith. W. M.: I>r. i;. A. Terhune. S. W.: .John E. Bolton, .1. W.: It. I{. Hlake. Treasurer: T. I,. Snelling. Secretary; W. I,. Alden, S. I)., .iiid .1. B. Knight. .1. I). AVilliam S. Anderson was the only charter member not bedding olHce. The lodge at first met in Speer's llall. Solar Lodge. No. 171, Improved Order of Odd Fellows, was orgainzed March 12. 1S73. with fifteen members. The first meeting place was the Kip building, at liiver street and Main avenue. The first officers were: E. L. Warren. N. G.; William Hendry, V. G.; E. Boden. Secre- tary; .1. Kosenberg. Treasurer. Benevolent Lodge. No. 48, Knights of I'ythias, was organized May 11, 1.S70. with twenty- eight members. There are fifty other loitgos and societies. mostly of recent organization. The trades unions in Pa.ssaic are now numerous, but. with /iiic or two exi-eptions. tln-y have been organized within the jiasl year i»r two. OLE GUN CLUB ROOMS. CHAPTER XXIV. THE NEWSPAPERS OF PASSAIC. Alfred Speer's Item Was the First Weekly, The Daily News the First Daily— Some of the Enterprises That Reached the Newspaper Graveyard. Ni:\\'SrAI'Ki; lilstoo in I';iss:ii<- bi-yiiis willi llic liist issue of iIk' Iti-iii liy All red SpoiT. July '.I. INTO. H.-f.ui. tluU tiuic llic rntiTsiiu clailii'S, the fiiinnliiin nliil I'less. covered the loeiil field lis fully as was iieiessary. The formation <•( :t vill;if.'e ;;overMiui'iit and the advi'iit of new settlers brousrhl the ni>ed anil o|)|iiiri unity for a wi'ekly newspaper. The paper soon lie- eanie popular and aeijuireil a hujie eireidatioii at $2 a year. The papi-r was newsy, anil. althou;:li .Mr. Speer had no previous experieiiee in the liusiness. it prospered until the advent of daily newspaper.s. whieh gradually i-rowded it aside. It is still puli- lislied and has never uiisseil an issue. allhoM;.'h fiu- many years it was prinleil for private eireiilation, prineipally to keep up the name. It is Kepuldiean in polities. In 1.ST2 Orrin Vauderhoveu .-ippeared upon the horizon lis a Passaic newspaper man. lli' had heen a Passaic Ciuinty eililor since l.S.'»4. when he hoiiKht llu' Paterson (Juardian for .$2..Stl(l. Mud instilled his erratic genius into every column. l'"roni wi-ek to week Ihe (Juardian was a series of lirilliant sur- prises, lint it was a suciess. aiul hecame a Iri-wei-kly. In ALFRED SPEER. l.s.'iii "Van" hoisled the Kuehanan ticket at the head of his cdiiorial column. Iiefore he was nominated, and advocated his ehction unlil Oitolier lH, two uci-ks licl'ore election d.-iy. Then Btichaiian c.-iuk- out for the extension of slavery to free territory, and the (Juardian linked the Democratic ticket and supported Frenmnt. The old Deniocralic siiliscriliwrs of the paper were furious, and hired the town crier to ;ro aroiiml the streets. rinfiiUK his hell, and slenitiii^' •'N'aii lias iiii'iicd his coat." After the caniiiai;;n of l!S.">il the ( lu.-irdiaii lelunicd to lis mooriii^'s. and |ieace reijrned once mure. Mr. V.nulerlioven made the (Juardian a daily after the ele<-tion. and h.iil various Iiartners ami Iroidiles. His partner in ISii:! was a Scotchman. Lawri-nce Holms. They did not ajiree. and jrot into a lonir Chancery suit. The lawyers of each man advised him that possession was nim> points of the law in a partnership lijiht. and while Holms w.as arranj.'ins to take possession of the of- lice. \':imlerlioven intremlieil himself there, and did iiol leave the liuildiiLi; for several weeks. He lived and slept there. I'liiiliiii; the cdiiinn on colored and wrapiiiiiK paper when the while paper ^ave out. He linally won his suit. Init the Imsi- mss had Kline to ruin. He took a good partner in lSi;."i. how- ever, in .\lvin H. Welili. aftc^rward Clifton"s Postmaster, lii- der -Mr. \Velili"s manajjement tl'.e newspaper hecame very pros- perous, .iiid in 1S72 the Herrick Itrothers. of the New York .\Uas. lioii^'ht the Onardian for .S.'ill.i""!. Keal estate w.is then I nin;; everywhere. Property .1 mile or two aw.-iy from the centre of Passaic was selling' for three or loin- limes uhat it is wirtli today. Mr. \:nider hoven canic lo Passaic, invested his money in Passaic and Lakeview lni>. and started the Passaic City Herald, a weekly, to amuse himself whih' the advance in real estate made him ri<-h. The next year was the panic year, when men l.iy down to sleep at ni^'ht. woiiderinj: whether they would he peindless Ihe next ila.\ . •• Van's" lots liec.-ime worthless, and In- lost all his real estate except a two-slor\ ImildiiiL' on .Main avi'niii'. He still had his weekly p.-Lper lo make his livin;: with. He medeil very little provoealion to have a disat-'reemen! with the rival editor, .\lfred Speer. Soon he took a violent dislike to the wim- merchant, whom he lampooned as "(lid Klderherry .Inice." For two years he iioiireil out the vials of his wrath. .Mr. Speer remained ipiiet for a Ion;; w hili\ hut Hnally smd for lihel. and ihen it was fonnd- that lie h.id methodically pr<'- served cv.'i-y allack that "Van" had made ii|ioii him. .\ ver- dict for Speer was n foretfoiU' comlnsion. His enemy li.id never given him a week's rest, ami had even gone to the length of announcing at one time that Mr. Speer "had a clean collar on yesterday." The verdict was .$1(1.(1(1(1. more than "\'.ni " could pay. lie i-ompromised liy handing the Herald liuilding over to Spei'r. .loseph K. Crowell. then of the (Juardian. liul now editor of Ihe Paterson I'all. was Mr. Vauderhoveirs iiarl- ner in IS7li-77. In 1S,S1 .li>.seph F. Morris was in p.irtmrship with Mr. X'anderhoveu. and ill 1.S.S2 he was followed for a while hy .\lvin H. Welih. The tirin remained N'anderhoveii \- W cldi WILLIAM L. AMDRUSS. THE LATE JOHN WATSON. FoiiDder of Wmwin's Hlcaoherj". THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 161 iiiilil Ml'. W.'l'li ii'liiril :iiiil ••\':ui" liin his pain'r iiloiii' I'm- iiiuny years. Tlu' tliird iicwsimipri- I'siiiMisliid Wiis 'I'lir (lazi'llr. wliirli was first issui'il Nov('iiil»r - still preserved by old residi'iits. .lohii V. Frost, who was an aieuniplisliiMl writer, penned ihi' salntaloiy of The Daily News. \{ tirst the size was four pa^es. eaeh llxlli inehes. Mr. Frost retired from the firm in Oetoher of the same year, and Mr. Sawyer lieeanie editor as well as pnhlisher. ^^le paper sprang into favor right away. The I'assaie Daily, a Demoeratie paper, was issued fri>ni the Herald offlee on .July 1."). l.SSl. It was changed on April 14, 1882, into the I'assaie l»aily Times, which after passed through many hamls, ami led a precarious existence until 188!t. J. F. .Morris w.is its owner for a while Then it got into the hands of Lawyer Thomas M. Moore, who gathered valualile experience while running it. Mr. Moore has in his office a Passaic City Daily News. \1 A^TKItMWN, AIIH-ST 1. H7 PJtHK. IJXK fENT jiiHN Rosz, Jisjaif (iiq t»iU %tKi:.)^TZXZZ'1uJ^Z''* A I L () li * ir - .a .,;,^.,^^^.„,.,^^^_„,.„., r.KANDl'AMILVEXClRS10s| JOSEPH POUJI*.\-, | . -- "[^1'" ^ ' '. w ,r,".:;X " "J"^.,." r-™*.-,4-,-ii-a. g^ ClIHllir ttJld SbarlD^ iiENttrr OF SALOON, K. or p. "'".^." wlftlL '""";_"°".' 1 BUILOIHC .— ' ,.„ --~" Ml'li iTHMMltD UY Mr>4wiM4'>i Cornel BumL ^ MM TioKMa. On* Oaiiar. Cl'BAS IIQ&B STORE, £1.' .Vu-* .lor-w. Ut». W. ConUInK, ir, .VrCTIOXEER, \tIiNE»l»AV. Alii -PiHikCilj tMlrNm'Khlr^iHiit- dulj f*o>fiil of T— Pg rvL^U ii« th ,('il; of 1*1 — '- •■■I •vinlij It - Ikf ■ ■. ■-<■!■ JOHN P. KOUBLHOER, >* pBprT ]n IKU, u^ MIhT liui-irtwii l>om»*lc*1i»r. Wlwlwalp Uouor Dealer*,]— «* «-<"i •• .-n-. PASSAIC STItKET. J. T. Vu; IderKUne — "in::-*"' M«t^T c.vsH pnitea riaakSiiM* ih«ciiS.r .b. .% |*t.f. - daad nxpvkcr ■MaBpasd i" > ■• f.«t. TV "Mlp •« '.kll>|( iwti rV*- ■riry. nWHt hii pntf* in Huhd tiifcji Kioa «^>ur». vuiMiiii tia Jk ■p'sb'I. II [boBgd W • -ll I bit |«ki* InWiil «1 Ifea dB^ T>w ifig mrt ftUmwd, uiitLM^il t.»* bsld 1^ Ua U( n*tf OS n*"'! 1 1- («« r^ek" "■< »» "« I-*" P"* Ow 'loo ff^Tl^T^ H^ f** t* Mrs. Tield '** ii««uai r« it* nii-~r.^v....'ji., ,„, , .). > oc«ts«iiii*>~< fToriird. «M lU .U(T«1 ('"^'■"''i^u.tot U-aoI^.I .Ii«-WT, «B4'r' ,1.; il» Umm. i-nLon .r tF- .i>«»[b(iw .••otnl ahh -kn >lM ki I »cHn.TiNu3 nuxTK. 0[r-"» ««.i". MnMp-ih>t<>i*Mrt^t«ur.««.^ lb. Dn~<. Anil » )ii,By ,nd«H< -f i-lf-i'^Jr-^La^w' . .,-■ t>-«t.t l«i iV -*>• M. D. JVTEBS & CO. miEw >imiT?i TO onoER g a ps «ii)7 Tl-i**" i,|,^|He-'.,^l.>-«rl«v^niNclt'4 in,n ...I iM g«nl a'-^KA ih> .lonr. til kiiac •■ ST VT I U \ E R V , :S^3HrM,:.':.c: or ALL KINDS F.NCY co.ats ;,'::.M: :',-;,; ;t. laU hi nl-OH-l 11 DAILY wtEKLv A.sD*™;;;^'.;;™,^^.^^!;:!;".^'::.;^^™;",'^! '» AAd ftU rcrI. at 5ew| -r«wi«atow n. They sold oerance inildicalion. was started April .S. 18.St;. hy tlw lat|. Harry U. AVells. Mr. Wells was a lapalde writer, and c4>nducted an excellent paper for a while. He had good financial hackiiiL' and many contriliutors at first, hut inti'iest soon died out. Lawyer Moore, who had lost his interest in newspapers, hut retaiiu'd a lively belief in temperance, paid its li>sses for .1 while, until he decided to strain his purse no longer. The Cencral Ailvertlser. a weekly, was first issued Deceiii- l.er 1. 1.SS7, liy .1. F. Morris & Co.. at $1 a year. It has lieen handed round from one printing otliie to another, and is now- printed liy Ksty & Esty. .1. F. Morris & Co. replaced the defunct Times with the D.iily Messenger on February 4. 18S!I. It was followed soiui after by the Star, an enterprise of U. M. Offord. The two were consolidated on September 3 under the name of the Star. In the meantime Mr. Sawyer had been slowly but surely linildiug up The Daily News in public favor, working hard. offending nobody and making friends all the time. By suc- cessive enlargements it had reached the size of four pages. 15x22, and in 18.S4 the proi>rietor abamlonert the old Wash- ington hand-press, on which it had been printed since 1877. and pnrchaseil a steam engine and a cylinder press. Kvery improvement was paid for in cash when it was made, and thus, with scarcely any i-apital originally, Mr. Sawyer built up a valuable newspaiK-r proiM-rty and an enviable reputation for himself. .lust as the establishment was aliout to yield larger returns for his labor, he was taken ill with Bright's disease, and died .Tune 2!», l.S,St;. Mr. Sawyer was Imm-u in 'Ainbridge \Vells. lOiigland. in 1,S4(). His father emigrated in 18.'>4 to New Zealand, where Arthur learned the trades of a lompositor and bookbinder. He became foreman in a large i>tlice. but, his health failing, his employers gave him a two years' leave of absence. He a<-cepted t62 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. lliis ('iiiiilitii>iiiillv. iiic-uiiiiif.' :it tile time ti> ii'tmii. Imt nut ki.owiii;: wliiit iitlu'i- oiiiMirtiiiiitii'S ini;;lit :irisi-. In ISIi'.t \w vivili'il Kn^'l.-iiid. ;in(l llii-n iii;iil|. :i Irip In (';in:i(l:i, wliiTf the ncwspnpcr D. W. MAHOMY. Iir.icin;; .liiiuiti' ri'sliiii'il liini In liciillli. He ilcihli-il not to rc- liiin to New /ciiliind. workc-d in Cliic-iijro nntil tli.' -ic.it liir wiped mil tin. city, .-md lln-ii stinted for New VmU. On lln- \>;i.v tli.Te lie .xiiw nil .•idvei-tiseiiienl tm- :i foieiiinii in llie Ileiii olHee. iiiiswered it mid entered Mr. Speei's einplcv. lie rein.iined tliere until lie started The News. Few liewspiiperiiieii liiive won siieli ^'eiier.il eomiiieiidMl ion :is lie. lie Wiis tlie son! of Innnn- and Until, devoid o! pill.v prejniliees. .iinl wroii;.'eil no ni.in. •If initiiinf: (rood eau lie said i.r a man. sa.v iiolliiii;.' Iiad of liiin." was his p,,li,y. .Mr. Sawyi'i- li^n a widow, lint no eliildren. .Mrs. Sawyer iii.MliaKed Ilie iiewsp.iprr iiiilil 1.S.S7. when the Hail.v .News riililishiiii.' Conipany was loriiii-d. It consisted principally ol Mrs. Sawyer. Walslcni U. IJiown. Ceoi-fie I'. Uiist and I). \V. .Malioiiy. .Mr. .Mahoiiy had entered the l:ile proprietor's I'lii- ploy as a ri-p.n-|er in 1.S.S4. and on his death lieeaine editor. 'I'lie Inisiness iiiiiiianer al tliis lime was (). S. Freeman. .Mr. Freeman hail made his tirsi entry into jonvnalisin in Novemlicr. 1.S77. at I he ace of fifteen, when he issued the tii-st niimlier of Freeman's .Magazine, a home anil literary monthly. It was ii.nsidered siieli a marveloiis eiilerpiise for .1 mere yoiitli I hat it liecame the siiliji'ct of literary comiiient on liotli sides ol ll can. .Mr. Freeman went into the printing business. and WHS roremiin of the eoiiipusii k i 1 of the .New York Oli- .server liefore he liecame loniieeted with Tile Haily .News. lie coiiliiiiied to puldish his maca/.ine occasion.illy. On May "Jl. I.SIMI. there w.as a lii« ihiin;;e in Passaic iiews- paperdom. .Mr. Freeman lefl The News and eoiiimeiiced to I iildish the I'assnie City Keeord. a clean, family, weekly news- paper, which he still edits. The Star- .Messenger loinliiiialion sank its identity in that of The .News, and Mi-ssrs. OfTord and .Morris hecaiiie stockholders. Mr. Morris heiii;.' iiiaiiacer. Tliere- .•Hler the newsp.iper hisi.iry of I'assnie is iirincipally that of The News. During' that year the newspaper piililislied ilic liook known as "I'assaic Illustrated." devoted to iMioniiiis; the town, and a ver.v successful liooiuer it was. It contiibuted laijrol.v to the snliseiiuent irrowth nt I'ass.iie. KI.IKMI copies lie- iiig printed and circulated liroadcast. mostly outside of Pas- saic. The property of Dr. Ch.-irles A. Cliiirili. at Main ave- nue and .\c.iileiiiy street, was purchased, and Tlie News liiiild- iiiK. then the lar;;cst and tinest otlicc structure in the city. was raised there. It w:is occupied in .Noveiulier. IS'.H. I'p to this time the newsp.iper had consisted of f.uir paL.'es. It was chaniied to eijilit and new maeliinery liou-,'ht. I'assaic already liad the reputation of lieiiif; a newsiiapcr graveyard, hut two daily newspapers came into existence within the next few years, ipiie of whicli still lives. In l,S!t3 racing was lieiiig coiidiicted at Cliftiui. and Mr. Xaiiderluiveu. takinsr in (Jeorfie H. Eiifteman as partner, coinniencod to liiildisli ail ■■evening' editiiin" of tlic old weekly Herald. It was an uiiheard-of iiudertakiiif; for a man of nearly sevent.v .\cars. On Noveiulier 11. LS!!.'.. .1. F. .Morris left The News anil fiiiindeil the Pass.iic llaily .lournal. so that for nearly a yiar there were three ilail.v papers ill I'assaic. Then the .lournal suspended publication. The veteran "Van" coutinned the Herald until I.S'.t.S. when at the aue of seventy-three, he took .■I ;riiod oppor:iinit.\' to retire liotn acti^'c newsp.aper work ami sold out to I). W. .Mahouy for .l;:',..-ill(l. He still publishes the I'aterson ("elisor, devoted to transcripts of the ollicial records of Passaic and Ber;;eii counties. Mr. ilahony had left The News, of whi<-li he had been editor for eleven years, in Oc- lobcr. is;i7. to beioiiic Postmaster. He still had the iti-h for I'l w spa]ier work, ami in May. IJS'J.S. purchased the Dail.v Herald, and. with I'lcil ('. (?lough as business mana.Kcr and |i. liner. or;;aiii/.eil the Herald Publishing.' Coinpany. Mr. WILLIAM J. RAPE. KJiliir of I hi' llaily Ni\ • 'louch did not remain Ion:.' in the 11 disposed of his interest in the spring; cecded by .1. F. Morris. •w spaper of LSI 111. business. He and was sue- REV PHILO F. LEAVENS, D. D. REV J H. WHITEHEAD. DR. PERCY H, TE^HU^E. NELSON STODDARD. HON. GEORGE C. MERCER. M^.v..ror I.'.'ll. FREDERICK C. STRECKFUSS. EDWIN B. MAYNARD HON. JOHN KING. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 165 Till' Niws li.is iiiiule liipid stiiilcs siiici' IS'.iri. In ih.ii yi'iu- ill!' i.l.iiit \v:is eiilarscd by the punhasr of n Scott vol) luil'.cliiij.' pivss, wliic-li prints, cuts ami folds lL',(MtO ,S-pngc papers an hour. Mr. Morris was succeeded as business man- ager, in .Tul.v, 1805, by William J. Pajie, the present editor. In IS'.Ml The News installed two .Merjientlialer l.iiioiypes. or t.\l)e-settiuK machines, the tirst in I'assaic <'ounty. A third was added in l.St»T. The intluence of the newspaper, which had always been larjie in Carlield, I.odi, Wallinctiui and L'lif- ton, was e.Mendi'd in l.SitT to llie Kiitherfords, Carlslailt and Delawanna. in whiih places it lias a tirm footin;:. On Mr. Mahouy"s retirement, in 18!>7. Jlr. Tape became editor and Edward W. Horry bn.siness manager. The out- break (if the Spanish-American war in l.S!»,S imposed a re- sponsibility upon The News which it «as not slow to accept. It leased a special wire from the I'ublislicrs" I'rcss and gave Passaic the latest news of the war hourly by moans of its bulletins and extras. It consistently "beat" the great New York dailies . n the news. The success of newspapers depends both on thoroughly reporting the news and on getting it first. The News has a record of a number of notable "scoops" on its contemporaries, not only in the city and lonnty, bnt in Xi w York and all over New .Tersey. One of those deserves especial nicnlion. Tii .lune, 1899. the country was wild over the kidnapping of little Marion Clark b.v her nurse in New York. She was missing until June 3S, 189!l. when The Daily News sent out over its special wire a bulletin that she had been found in th<' Ramapo Moun- tain.s, between Sloatsburg and Ilaverstraw. \. V. Tlie infor- mation was received from over forty miles away by private .sources, and was first printed in Passaic. The "tickers" in New Y'ork and Imndreds of afternoon newspapers all over the country announced that day that "A message has been re- ceived by The Passaic Daily News" saying that Marion Clark had been found. Any one of half a dozen New York dailies would have given thousands for the pleasure of making ilic first announcement. In 1899 The News conducted a protracted campaign for cheaper and better water and gas. Mayor Howe had recom- mended a municipal lighting plant unless lower rates for street lamps were forthcoming. The News came out for municipal ownership of a lighting plant, and forced the issue of an im- provement in water suppl.v and a reduction of water rents. The lighting eompan.v ;!i. "'' tlic SciviIim- Cliiu-ili. 1 >r. Si uildci's ti>iiilis1oiic in tlic hero tlijit fur one hiindii'd and liftv years one conu'tiTy was old iliiiriliyaiil Ihmis this veise: — ('ii I"' Hearsley of Trenton p,a,- ^ears 17X7 an.l 17!l.-. unlv two funerals a vear were recorded, "'''' '"•''' '"'■ '^ >*1^"''' 'i""*^- and durins,' the ne.xt thirty years the average was only six. l"'- lil'^ue^or Bla.hly was a Patersou phy.sieiau. whose The vear l.S2'.» was a harvest time for the sexton of the chnreh. ■'^•""' i'' ^'"^"^ "'*!» «" Acquackanonk episode. He also was who was the villag.. undertaker. He had nineteen funerals '"' ■' """''1 ■'^■'^"- •'*'»•*''>• family. His father was a doctor in that V ■ an.l fifteen a vear between 1S.S0 and IS.",.-,. It may N''«ark ami one of the founders of the New .Teisey Medical .seem gh..ulish to dig up such statistics, but what betfr praise •^'"i-'J- in l^tiO. It is related of the elder Dr. Blachly that can be bestowed upon the old Acquackanonk doctors? "" =' "'i*'"" '>t'^'=isiou he obtained by exhumation the body of The first of the line .seems to have l.,.eii Dr. John De Vance » •■•'""■"•l "ho was hangMl at Morristown and conveyed it on (also written Devausn.-y). who married Hester Vreeland. May l'<-rseba.k h, .Mc.dham. about six miles ofif. for the purpose of •2il. 1744. and lived in a house betwe.-n the Kiver road and the 'l''^''"'' • 'l'"" ""-''ting any one in the darkness of his lonely river, near the southern city limits. He practiced until bis '''''• '"■ »""!'' ••'•k "> the subject, as to a drunken man. telling death, when h.- was siicceed.Ml. in 17<;(;. by Dr. .\biallm .Miller. '''"' '" '^i' m-right and behave himself like a man. and thus who lived at the same place, and was pracli.ing lier.^ during r.a.hed home with it und.-tected. This story was relate.-. Il.zckiah S. Woodruff. Dr. Ebenezer Dr. .lohn Garritse, already alluded to as living in 1h.' Carri- Hlachly was born in 17(1(1 and entered the American service, son house at riiftoii when the British passed through in pnr- ''^'''l'' •>'"''•>■ ='«''• "'^ " surgeon's assistant in a North Carolina suit of Washington was probably the most popular doctor regiment. He was at the battles of White Tlains and Mon- during the latter pari of the last century and the first lew """"l' ■""" wintered at X'.illey Forge. After the wmi- he niac- yeais id till- present one. He came of a rich and influential '''*^' ■""' settled in Paterson. family, aed liad the best practice of his da> . Here is a copy Having .i high i.rofessional repiitaiion, he doctored some of one of his biils: "' Acipiackanonks wealthiest familit's. among them the Sips. While Halmagh Sip was his patient the Doctor learned of a medicinal mineral spring located in Sip's woods, near where the .laiiib .111. Vreidaud. To L»oet. .John (Jarritse, Dr. To the amoiiiit of \r account ''"■'' ''mi's and Bloomfield avenue intersect. Dr. Blachl.v an- jip To the fStli of November, IStCJ £2 — l*.)--li alyzed the water and found it an ,>tfleacious remedy for diges- since the above was drawn d o (iy,. .,,„i ,„inary troubles and malaria. It was agreeable to the lOrn.is exiepleil :{ 2 taste and a refreshing beverage. It was about this time that the Saratoga springs were being heralded over the United States ('iinti'mporaneoiis with I ir. (iarrilse was a Dr. Koihc. of as more healing ilian (he Enroiiean springs, and Saratoga whom little is known, except that he married into the Vree- was becoming a health resort. Dr. Blachly dreamed of est.ib- laiid family and lived on the Weasel road. Dr. Thomas Steele lishing a resort that would rival Saratoga. of Bidleville, a noteii physician of that generation, was fre- Dr. Blachly and Sip agreed to exploit the Spaw. as it had qmllll.^ culled to Aci|uackaiioiik for consultation. Dr. Cora been christened by the Indians, who used its waters medi- Oslmrn. who, di spile his fi'iuiniiie name, was not of the gentle cinally. Sip was lo have a public road laid out to it. and .■~ix. iiracliced here from 1.S14 to l.SI'.l. living at the Bridge. the two wen- to build a large inn. to cover two acres of The nios' noted of the profession, however, was Dr. Ben- ground, in which visitors could be housed while drinking the jamin K. Scuddcr, who came here about 171H1 and lived near waters. In the nieantiine. the old stime house, standing nearby « here the Passaic Bridge depot now stands. He eaine of a dis- and built by Sip's grandfather, was to be repaired and use jilwj.vs ihiiimil lliiil llic willi llicir riiiini's. 1 »r. U. .\. TitIhiiic ji.iiiril tlic smict.v in siriii;,' w.ilir iiirv.l him ..I .in illiu-ss. Iiui ..ilirr- litivo usfit it IM-'id. anil w:is si'd-clnry in 1.S.VJ mid l.S.">4. His fiirluT was its witliciiit .ui.v licM(liii;il ri'siills. Wick's llisloiy of Mi'(lii-. Itlnilil.v was attai-kod with liaciiioiit.vsis afti-i- The I'assaii- t'il.v Mc.lical S.xi.-t.v, i.> wliicli is dnr tlic lioinii- tlic fatiKUi's of a tr.viiitf i>l)sl>-ti-ii-al casr. siion lii'r<-siil<'nt : nrss of spirit. Hr. \V. 10. Cliasc. sccri-tar.v: Dr. K. K. C. Doinarest. trc-asii- Dr. I.anilMTl S.vllh.ilT. wli.. s.itl.d liiic in ISL'ii. lias al- \fv. 'Phi- ni.-tnliiTship roll is as follows:— nail.v Irccn spoki-n of as .■..inUictinc a private ilassical school 1'. II, Ki,,-. .\. II. \;in Kipcr. rorni-liiis Van UipcT. !•'. ]•".(,'. .nid as a tiiihcr in the ol.l ilisiriil school. iSic Chaiitcr XVII. i Dcinarcst, (i. I.. UmiicIIc. William II. Carroll. K. A. Tcrlinnc. Dr. Willinni .M. C.Ii.in. uh.. < ami' Inrc in IS'Jl. and was also D. U. C'ronnsc. <;. H. I'hilhowcr. (i. S. Davenport. Iliraiii Wil- t< aclii'r as well .is ph.vsiiian. is spoken of in the same coiiiiec- Hams. A. II. Temple. V. M. Slat';!. I'. .\. Harris. W. H. Sleni- tion. His wife and infant ( hild dieil here .lul.v 2:\. 1.S23. and merman. A. Wanl Van Uiper. .lolni .\. Heneman. C. .1. Van soon aftiTward he retiir 1 to tlii' Colfax ancestral home, in Seholt. .loliii .1. Siillivan. I'erc.v H. 'IVrhiine. C. Van Vrankon. I'oinpton. l>r. Samuel W. I'ralt siic<-eeded Dr. Colfax in 1S24. Ilii::o Dn-ws. (J. T. Welch. Soma Bamii. Daniel W. Sullivan, piirchasiiis from him the house, now No. liS'J .Main .■ivenne, W. K. Ch.-isi'. which then stood where r.-issaic avenne now t.s thai road. IL He remained here several .vears. and .-Hcinirrd a j.'ood practice. l>r. Z,-iliriskie i-.inie hi'ie in ls:',il. in which vear his brother. .\. (). Z.ilnisUii'. aflerw.inl ( 'liamelh.r of .New .li'rse.v. settled ill Hackensack. He occupied the second Hoor of the old Cleve- The first law.ver lo opi'ii an ottico ill Acc|iiackaiionk was land house, iie.ir I'enninjrton avenue. He was not snccessful. I'lter P. Kroeli}.'li. son of Dominie Peter D. FroeliKli. who hail and after two .vears went to New York, where his wife and studied law with .Vsa Whitehead, a famous Newark law.ver. cholera epidemic of 1S.T2. He after- and was admitted to the Bar in 1H4(I. when alioilt twent.v-two ward became a noted .lersi'.v Cit.v ph.vsician. .ve;us of aj;e. His mother still lived in llie parsonage, lit tile Dr. (Jarrit Terhnne sncceciled to Dr. I'ralt's practice in pri'siMit SHUthwest corner of r'rospect street and Blouintiehl '\H2U. He was licirii in Hackensack in ISiil. and. after having; avenue, and after obtaiiiiiiR his license Kroeligh came here to studied with Dr. .SytlhofT. above spoken of, was graduated from piaclic". His oHb-e was on the second story of No. 1 Main I!ut.i,'eis Medical Collesi' in INUT. He practiced at Hackensack .iveiiiie. I'loelish was liri;:ht and studious as a yonnK man. for two years before coininu to I'assaic. and continued his but he associated later with defjeiierate colored peopli-. tfxik professional work until his death. .luly L'. 1S.S(;. His son. Dr. to drinkins. had no ]iractiee. and ilied within a few years. Be- Rireons. in LS.'itJ, joined his father acted as loiive.vancer and drew many deeds and wills. He in practice. His son, Dr. Percy H. Terhune. third in the line, rlie sami" township. TAVi<(? this is seen cxi'iutinn (if so nnrcas" "'■'''■'■ "f ''•■'''' Ainlmv. .I,,l ■•inlialiitants of Accinaninocke" an' aiilliorized to join with those of "New Barhadoes Neck" in the "elioyie of .1 Con- slalde." Afrain. ou April l>. HWti. the Council issued a com- missiiin "to Mr. Isaai- Kin^slaiiil for Cap"! of a ffoot company ... ...Ill- .1 1 IX- 0..1 .!„, " dispntin;;. and threats of four wcie made on Imth side consisting of the inhalpitants .Vipiickanne ami New Barhadoes. The act of Vi'X', dividinj.' KasI .Ii'rsey into townships crealeil ... 1 . , , 11 IX- u 1 1 •• 1 .1. colonists carried tlicir pciim. and it was unnecessar.v for the tile township ot Aciinickannk and New Barliailoes both -VciliiackanoiiU "ffiint <-cin)|iaii,\ " to tiirlil the I'l-opi-ietors or to Barclay, clerk." This was diuins: ihi- last years of the ^ovcrnlncnt ni the I.ofils I'roprietors. the province lieiiif; relimiuislieil to the Crown in 17112. The colonists and the I'lopiietors were continually dispntin;;. and threats of force wcie made on Imth sides, so that the drilling of militia went on merrily. However, the settlements apparently within the same townshi|i — lint this in iliisioii does not seem to have left its impi-ess perniancntly. rtsist 1I1C cncroachincnts of .\cw York. 'j'lir possession of , , ,, ... .1 11 1 1- Slateii Island, wliii-li was one of the snlijects in disiinte. was lor oil the erection of Ks.m'.x ( oiiiity the n.iliiral iMinmlary line . , ,, -I,. 1 1 1- - 1- 1- 1 . f settled peacenlily later, when each State apiiointiMl a coiifereiii-e ol the I'assaie Isiver lieiame the dividm;: line liel ween I'.ssex ... and Bersen counties. ^ it tin- <-iintiajy was ilie '•. ll!*>ii. ;lu- Council sittinj; ;il I'ertli .\mhoy. Kic. Berry was rrtnnieil liy the SlieritT of r.ir;,'cn as elected to the .\sscmlily riom New B.-irliadoes and .VipiickaiiUc. It proltalily ;rrew out of military rather than civil • •'HiveiiieM4-e. ;ind when conditions liecaiiie more settled. .\v- i|iiackaiionk was attached to lOssex. where it properly lielon-jed. mmission. The arliitrators met on Long Island, where, stead of their accustomed cisler and apple whiskey, the .lersey- iiK-ii wen- treated In .New York r.xe. Beinj; unfamiliar with its use. they were iinaiile lo resist its efi'ects ami si'.'iieil away Staleii Islanil. which hy riirlit helonsod to New .lersey. Such, al least, is the qnainl expl.-ination why the island, wliiili is >ep,-iralcil rroni I lie .New .lci-se_\- mainland liy onl\ .-1 lew rods The lirst need of militarv "exercises" was for Ihe Irainim.' '" "^'" '''"''■ '^ "•■"""'•■'ll-' ■' I''"' "f ^i'"' V.-rk State. of the settlers to resist ian allaeks. l.nt th.-re was a time " ""' ' ■■"i''""^'' ^P>'" '" ""• ■■^'•^^- •''•'■■'''.v <<>lonists .slum- when it seemed as if the New York ai-l New .lersey c sts '"•''••' "'"*' ""' "•■vHioi,. when the State armed for the fniy. iniuhl clash. The dispiu.. arose over what New .lersev consid- ''''"' "="• ""^ '" •'"'••'•ted Acqua.-kam.uk. has been treate.l ex- ered the territorial awre.ssi.ms of New York, I > piovimcs ''•'"■■^'ively in Chapters Nl and XII. In 17!1!. the inhabitants laying .-laiiii to Staten Island. The Council impos.-,l a lax of "' "'''' '''="'' J"''"''' '" •' vigorous remonstrance to Congress 1117.-. to pay and e.|ni|. forces lo resist the en. roachn.ents of ='«=''""< "'«' ^^'''lition ami .\lien acts, which at one time sccmeil e<|lil|i .New York, and this Iransferred the anger of the (-olonists from likely lo cause serious disl iirliam-i-s. There is r.otliing exlaiil Iheir o| ills to their rider.s. as appears by the folhiwing '" '^'"■" '''■" ''"' ^''''i-'^ "''^ repiesented to any eMciil in the leii.-r s.-ni fi the town of Newark:- "'■"' "'' ^^'-- ""' M'^-^iean w.ir or any of the early Indian tigliting. There may liavi- lieen isolated soldiers from here. "To ye Townes of I'erth .Viiiboy. KlizarM-llitown. Wood- Indeed, one respected citizen, the late Major .1. B. Iloiriuau. '"•'■'-''• /''■'■"■•;'' • l^""-'-"- ^'"•'•"■sbnry. .Middlelown. I'isca- ,„,„,„, ,„,,,. ,„.,^.,. „.i„„i , ,,;, ,,,,„|, ;„ „„. ,^,^„.,, ,,,,„.,, ,,^,, laipia. .\i|iie<-Kciionck, etc. •■lieiitlcmeii:— ""'• ;lh''ongh Acipiaekanonk w,-is .1 village of less than one '•The imi'tings of oiir low'ie have coiisidi'icd an .\ct en- ihoiisaml souls, it was inevitable that m,-iiiy of her sons should litleil an a"ts of 1 assaic. though it would be an interesting and irary which has iiiaile lis resolve not to pay it. lint to resist creditable compilation, and lack of space and time has lue- all force thai shall be used for ye gathiring of it. and because vented its aecoinplishllient for the purposes of this work. -Vll ihc taking awa.v of y,- Ship Ilesfr has been ma.le ye only „,,„ ,.„„|,, |„, ,,„,„, ,.,„. „„, ,„„.,,„^,.., „, ,,,i^ historv was lo ex- preti-nee for raising ye iiiniu'v mentioned in that ai-t, we have . , ,- , . . fiought HI to let ve Proprietors know yl y. nntry was ready """'"' ""' '••"^"■'•'' "^ •^'■" •''"'■^''J "rKanizations for the names inoiii:h to have deffi'iided her .ind yl we are owing only to the ot soldiers who enlisted from .Vcpiackanonk and vicinity, witli- rio\ .ndii I- of \i- Coviriior for her Loss, ami we have also out regard to the bn-.-e nnnibcr of veti'rans who came to Pas- SECOND LIEUT. JOHN H. DOREMUS. .«^»' FRANK HUGHES. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC 173 siiii- fi'iun iilliiM- \\ny\-i uf ilir Sl:itr 111' I'lvuiilry aftiT llic wiir. Tlic I'rfriiiuiil ill w liiili ilic Imi'u— .1 Miiiiilii'i' (if Ai'i|iiiii'k!iiii>iik siiMiiTs si'ivcil w.is till' 'rwciitj'-liltli New Jersey, ei'i'()m iif I'litersoii. 1' ive eonipanies were raised ill I'lissiiie Cimiity iiiul iiiiistereil in Se|ileiiitier 1. ISti'J. Tile reKiiiieiil wiis in the Kirst Urijiiiile, Tliinl IMvisimi. Niiilli <'(H'ps. wlieii l-dirn.-'iile nssiiiilteil l''reilei'iekslnir;r in Oetolier. I.Sti2. It Imsi ei'ilily-tive iin-ii in iiii iittaek on tin- I'lieiny's i-n- treiK'linii'iits on the Tele(;ra|ih roiid. The re^'iineiit aiileil in the repulse ..r LipiiL-slreet at Siiffiilk. \':i.. in March. ISC:!, .in, I wa-^ iiiiisieri'il niii ill .lime .i|' iliat .vear. Cuniiian.v K. whieii Willi lint iiinler the eiininiaiiil uf ('a|itaiii .1. Kiimh Ayres nt ratersiin. ei>iii|ii'iseil lit'ty-nine ntlieeis anil IIK'H ereilitecl In Aiiinaekaiieiik. must of them rroiii the I.aiiilin.!;. I''ii'st l.ieii- tiiiaiit Hilwaiil K. Spear lieeaiiie eapl.iin i>n Septeinlier 24. IsiJJ. when Captain Ayres was niaile Lienleiiant-Culuiiel. ('Iiarle-i Denlicilin. still liviiij; in this eily. was one iif the eur- porals. I'rivale ('li.nles 'riiickett \va> pruiii'iteii le ser;;i'aiit- m.-ijur. 'The .\ii|iiaiianl Faulkner. (larret (i.irr.i- lirant. .Varmi Ilainin. l/ntiis llamiii. .lereiniah Ilann. Hernanl Ilauke, Jiihn H. .laenlnis. Joseph Killiy. (ieer^'e AV. I-ee. .Inhii II. Maliy. Fkiyil Maynanl. (Janet .Miller. Charles Miller. John Mowry. John Nix. Kieharil O.ikes. (ieor);e I'ersonnett. I.,oiiis A. I'iaKi't, iiroinoteil to seeoinl ami later to first lieutenant; (ieortre M. I'ost. Thomas (^iieinan. William Ityaii. John It. Spear, Ed- w:iril I{. Spe.'ir. first lieutenant and later eaplain of the eoiii- p.'iiiy; Josiali .M. Spear. Christopher Siiidle. corporal; Uenjaiiiiii Severn. Ileiirx Sii.Mler. .Ii.liii Snyder. Leonard Stoekard. An- drew Sir.iut .losepli I'', 'I'lieis. .lohii 'I'liers. Jr., George Van i;iper. Philip II. Win Itiper, (l.inei \i erlainl. Garret I. Vree- l..nd. I'.iti'ick Willi.ims. pronioied 1" lorpm-al; Willi.-iin W. W.iid, Charles Thieketl. In Cimipauy K of the same retiimeiit the t'ollowiiii; men are eiediled to .Viipiaekanonk; .loliii Harnard. (iooi'se I >. Hush. Ilerman .M.Mliii, Thomas .'orin;r. Patriek MeCahe. .laeoli Noi_inlK'r;rh. Andrew Yereame. Stephen Terliiine. Cornelius Vreelaiid. Ahra- liaiii X'reeland, and others now or reieiitly livinj; in or near I'assaie. served in the eompany. while ".Mayor" (Jilhert I •. HoK'irt. who enlisted in Coiiip,iii.\ II as a private, eaiiie home a first lii'iitenanl. In the Seeoiid Hecimeiit Sylvester J. I'ost was .1 private in Company F. and on the e.xpiratiou of his eu- listment was tr.iasfeiied lo the X'eleran Iteservp Corps, sorv- iii;.' until .liiiie -"i, ISill, .lohn .1. Slater was in Compan.v I ol the same ri'L'i iil. Company I had for its nueleiis the I'ateison Ciiy Tillies, a eraek iiiilitiii iirKiiliiziilKiii. I<> wliieli .Mr, Slater lieli>iij;eir own ideas ns to ort.Miii/.atioii. iiniforiii iiiid ei|iiipiiieiil. The two I'alersiiii eoiiip lilies nieiitioiiol liiiil showy iiiiirnriiis, the l,i;;lit Giianls of I'lissiiie Iniil lieiiiitiriil IIkIiI hliic eoiits, while the ('oiitiiieiiliils of lliiekelisaek wore ii ('iilitilieiitiil iiiiiforiii. It is iiiiieli to Im- ri'irrelteil that for the iiiiisl pari the iiiililia eompaiiies did not pi to the ri'oiit. The Coiilineiitals and llie l.ii:hl liiiards hastily dislianded at the onset of the war. The I'assaie eompany had paraded with jrreiit eelal ill Ihe dedieation of Hiindee Ilii'ii. and Kreat things were expelled of il. When the first eall for troops eame, Ciijitaiii Folder drew lip his men in line, and ealled on all who were willing to volun- teer in the national servieo to step llirep pai-es forward. Oiio 111.111 responded. His iiniiie whs "Boli" While. Ho went to llie war and eame home with a lieiitelimit's shoiililor simps. The eoniiiaiiy never drilled ajraiii. Its iiiiiforiiis and eipiip- nieiits were hidden away. When I»r. Terhuiie's liiirii was linriied. ten years later, the firemen reseiied a iiiniilier of the old uniforms, wliieh were hidden away in the loft. They were used lor m.isi|iierade eostnmes for iiiaiiy years. A yi-iir or two a;.'o a beautiful silk Ameriean Ha;;, presented lo the liUai'iN Ii.v t!ie ladies of .Veijuaekaiioiik, was ilisi-overed ill an- other liarii. while the rest of the ei|iiipineiit is said to l>e sti nil in some of the Anderson I„uiiilier Company's liiiildinKS. Wlieii the Spaiiisli-Aiiicrieaii war broke out, in l.SilS, CJov- eiiioi- \oorhees named the Seeoiid I{e;;iiiieiit of the National GiiMid as part of New Jersey's quota of voliiiileers eaUed for li.\ Ilic I'niled States ( iovernment. This was on .Vpril 27, IS'.i.s, On .\pril 2!>. l.SilS. Company I) of this i-ily was ordered to the aniiory. formed in line, and when volunteers were ealled for. it seemed as tlioinrh the entire eompany slep|ied out at oliee. The eompany left I'assaie for Sea Girl with the Seeoiid l!e;;iiiient on May 2, niiiid the eheers of thousands of inniple. The re^xinieiit wis iniistpred into the t'liitod States service on May l:! and left Sea (Jirt for Chiekaiiiau);n, Ga.. on Juno 1. I'lioii arriving; at IlarrisbiirK, I'a.. the re;;iiueiit Avas ordered lo .laeksonville. Fhi.. instead. It arrived there .Iillie '.'•. and was assigned to the First Hriyade. Seeoiid l>ivision. Seventh Ariii.v Corps. Jlajor-Geiieral Fitxhu;:h I.ee, eoiniiiaiidin;:. General I.ee's eorps was intended for the eaptiire of Havana, if a seeoiid invasion had iM'eii iieeessary. but the surrender of San- ti.-ipi ended the .iiiiial hostilities. The eoiiipaiiy remainod at (amp Ciili.i l.iliie. .laeksonville. until Septeinlier 2. when lb--' ie;;inieiil was oideied !■■ I'ablo H h. Fla.. for ieeU|K'ration. It was ordered home to he mustered out, hit I'ablo Heaeli September 22 and was mustered out NovemlK'r 17. Corporal .lohn .Morrissey, I'rivale .losepli W. Gaiio ami Pri- vate Conrad llliaii died of typhoid fever while in Florida. Private Henry Flyiiii was diseliar;:ed for disability and died after leturiiin;: home. Seeond lyieiiteiianl John II. Horemiis eer.traeted an illness wliieli eoinpelled his resi;:iialioii. .iiid has sinee alinost destroyed his eyesi;:ht. Roster of Company D, Second Regiment New Jersey National Guard, Volunteer Infantry, Spanish-American War, 1898. Ca|itaiii Ilaniilton .M. Koss. Jr.. First Lieut. James T. Barker. Seeond I.ieiil, .lohn H. Doremiis, (ResiKned Julys. IDSd). Seeond l.ieiit. .Vil.ini II, lliilisehmidl. ' J74 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC First Si'ifit. •! >liii H. \Virkw:iri>. 1}. M. Serjtt. Williiiiu W. .lohnstoii. SiTKt. Daviil Wilsiin. Jr.. Serjrt. I-'ri'iUThk K. Kulirljavh. Sirst. William H. ('.irpciitor. Sirirt. Frrilrrick K. Stiti-s. ('i>r|i. 1 1 lull .M. Aiken. Ciirp. Jiiliii Wi'rliiif;, <"iir|i. .\. Mi-I.. Clarksoii. < 'iirp. Frank FiMcro. <'iir|i. ('Iiin'iirc Sliiiit. **(ir|». S.viliif.v S. Spcrr. .Miisii'iiiii Bi'riianl .Mii' Vrii-s. Itaiiifl A. I'riv. Iloiti'rwirli. .Iiilm II. I'liv. Kiiiiii'enj.'uiiin I'. I'riv. Sehahill, James I'riv. Schomlier, I'hiliii C. I'riv. Schroff. Charles T. I'riv. Sweeney. Kdward A. I'liv. Smith. (Joorjre I'riv. Smith. William II. l'ri^'. Swil'l. .lames I'riv. Turner. Benjamin I'. I'riv. Torniivist, .\d.uii K. I'riv. Tinjiley. .Toliii K. I'riv. Taylor. (leorjre. .Ir. I'riv. Weissert. Heiny '/.. Priv. Waeehter. William I'riv. Walters. Vincent I'. I'rir. 'fl'alnisloy. Geor>:e F. I'riv. Walinsley. William I'riv. Wentink. I';, ill. .Tr. I'riv. Willis. John I'riv. Welj'-r. Herman F. I'riv. \A'.ilker. Georpe 1". I'riv. \'an Benthiiyseii. Williaiiil'riv. Yoniif.'. Marvin I'riv. \'reel;iiid. .loliM !•;. \\". I'liw Zientarskie. Fr.-ink .\mon;.' other I'assaic men who went to the front were I.oiiis It. Cowdre.v. Iiattalion sergeant-major of the Second Ue^'- iment: lOdward Slev /ns. V. S. i^iinlmat Castine: Joseph Lntz. en the liattleship Maine diirins the e.vplosion at Havana, later on the cruiser .\ew York off Sanliaso. voluuteerel- I'.al- tei-y in the I'hilipiiines. I.ieiit. .Milton L. Me(irew. Si.\teenth T". S. Infantry, a ^ladii- Mtc ..r West I'oint. is at present with his re^inu-nt in the I'hilippiiics. .\ nnmlior of other I'assaic men c'lilisti'd in the reirnlar ainiy. amons; them lieius CoriKiral C. M. Shiiit. Sev- enth C.-ivalry. now in Cuba: Privates Grant Francis and Frank I'ercro. who saw .service in Cuba in the Si;,'iial Corjis. and I'liv.ite I.oiiis (lelpcll. Tweiity-hrst r. S. Infantry. .\iiion l.utz. a brother of .loseph. elilisleil in the marines. Serviiic in the Twenty-eighth I'. S. N'oliinteers in the I'hilippines are .lames Bracken. Edward .1. Hart. Martin Nel- son and Joliii Sanchok, Uobert Parkhill of Carlton Hill. Robert .1. Allen and Frank Coid< of Walliii^'toii and Michael Dwyer of Helawanna. Clarence Tompkins, who also enlisted, died at (■.•imp .Meadi'. near Middletown. Pa., in October. ISlt'.l. Company 1). which volunteered in 1S!(S, was oriraiii/ed a- Company li. p'oinlli li'v^'inieiil of .lersey City. Decciiiher 11. LST!». with I', li. Lawrence as captain. U. B. Tindall. tirst lieu- tenant, and Kicliard .Mnrrell. seconil lieutenant. The reiu-j^aniz- ation of the .Natiniial Gnanl in l.SIIJ iiiaile it Company I). Sec- ond Ue^imenl. heailiinarters .it I'aterson. and in the renr- ^'anization of l.S!)!l it beianie Company A. First Ui'piment. Iieadiiiiarters at Newark. The coinniandiiiK otticers since the lirst organization in ISTlt have bei-n I'. K. Lawiiint'. C. .\. Stellini:. l-"red Wrijrlit. James I!eid. .\iidiiw Derroin and II. .\1. Uoss. Jr. GcorL'e (i. .Meade rci>i, (',. .\. U.. was orjranized .lime 27. ISTo. John Kno\ was the liisi commander. THE POST OFFICE BUILDING. EDWARD WATERMAN GARDNER. J'l-I".. i'ity ( uiiin-N. COLONEL JOHN A. PARKER. CAPT. JOHN J. 80WES. - ■,^^•(:■•«j»>;?*«^^ It FRANCIS J. MARLEY. HENRY McDANOLDS. ^i COLONEL BENJAMIN AYCRIGG. CHARLES AYCRIGG. CHAPTER XXVIL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. The Personal History of Many of the Men and Women Who Have Been or Are Prominent in the Life of Passaic ItlCUAKH Al.r.KlM IIMMUM:. M. D.. was boi-ii at Ilackoiisack. r.ri-;:i'ii (oiiiily. NfW .Iciscv. .laniiar.v !)tli. l.S'J'.t. Ho roci'ivi'il Ills tMliic:ii;oii in tlu' iiulilir siluiol iif Passaii'. and, tlip liislii'i" liiiiiiilics. ill liis r.iiliii's 1 ic. who was an al)li' Latin ami (Jr-i-k scimlai- ami an cniiEiiMit physician. Followin'4 till' liiiii .•!■ Ins iiwii iiu'iiiialidns. anil, iloulitless. nineh intln- rnrcil li.v h.ls fatlu'i's fjrcat siRccss. he chose for his life work the medical iirofcssion, and in lS4(i conimenced a resnlar pre- liininar.v course of professional stnd.v under his father's direc- tion. Finishing; this course in due or2, to Ann T .\.. now .Mrs. William H. Beam: .losephiiie A., now .Mrs. Richard Morrell: two children died in infancy. Ex-.Mayor Willetfs grandfather was in Washing- ton's Army when he crossed the Passaic Kiver at this poinr and encaiii|ied on City Hall Hill. He is of English ancestry, while Mrs. Willeii's : estors came from New England. CHAKLES M. IloWE, D. D. S.. was born in New York city May 1, I8.")l. His father, the late Dr. ,Tohn M, Howe (also a native of Now Y'ork.) was the son of Major Bdialool Howe, who served on (Jeneral Washingtmrs stalT. From his mother, Emmelinc B. -lenkins, the family reconl goes back in a direct line to the MayHower. The Howe fam- ily moved to Passaic in 18."i:{, so that Charles .M. Howe may almost be looked upon as a native .lerseyman. He obtained his rndinicntary education in the local schools of Passaic, after which he went to Massachusetts for about three years to prepare for college. After completing his studies there, he entered the Dental College of the City of New York, and in 1873 graduated therefrom with high honors, and was the va.e- dii-torian of his class. After receiving his diploma he iiii- mediatel.v opened an office in Passaic for the practice of his piofession. in which he has held a high rank. On Octolier 12, ls7i>. Dr. Howe was marrieil at Bath. Steuben County. N. Y., to M. Ida Canfield. They have two children — one a daugh- ter. Miss Edith, and a son, ,lolin Canfield. Dr. Howe has always been a prominent member of the Ke|)\iblican party. In 1S7!I he was elected a member of the City Council from the Se<- ond Ward, and was re-elected in 1.S80, after which he served as president of that body. In 1887 he was elected as Mayor of Passaic, and served two terms (four years), being the first iiuiii ever elected without opposition. In his official capacity he used the vety power iinite freely, but always in the interest of the city, and never from personal or partisan motives. It \ias under his :idministration that the Passaic Free Public Lit rary was inaugirated and so successfully i-stablished. It was also one of his official ads to approve the purchase by the City Council of the old Paulison property, on which has since been completed the present City Hall and surrounding park. This last spring (April. ISltili upon the earnest solicita- tion of over 500 citizens, who desired .1 change in municipal alfairs, he again consented to stand as the Uepublican candi- date for Mayor, and at the primaries carried every ward in the city by large aud unprecedented majorities. The Demo- m THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. i-ratic party tliPTi .'iiilorxcd his iioriiitiiitioii, iind lip was agaiu elpftcil witlionl o|)|)0«itio:i. and is now serviug his third term as Mayiir. Like- his father. Dr. ('. M. Howe has always been frireniiist aniung ilu- many enterprises of Passaic, lie is presi- dent of the I'assaie Trust and Safe l)e|Mjsit Company and vice- president of the Passaic National Bank. He holds considerable real estate in varions parts of the city, all of which is being rai)idly dovcloiied and improved, thns adding to the genera! welfare of the city. lie is an e.Kecntor of his father's estate, a task alone that occnpies a large share of Lis valnable time. Dr. Howe is also n inenilier anil trustee of the Methndist Clnireli. He is lilu'ral and broad mimled, always extemling his support to everything that might be beneficial to Passaic. CHAKl-KS .McKNHJIll' I'A I' I.I.'^C >N. the .■uiiiable and ambitions buililer of "Panlison Castle," the founiler of the city of Passaic, was born. October 2(>tli. 1S24. at Ilackensack. N. .1. After acipiiring a common school edncation. he studied l.MW fo;- a timi>: but not Kndinu it congenial to his nature, he left off that and engaged in business. Mr. I'aulison was a resident of Passaic 20 years. He became a member of the Baptist Church, on profession of religion, at the age of 20. joining what was at that time known as the Leight Street Baptist Chur<-h, New York City. His membership always re- mained there. It is worth noticing that he was passionately fonil of music, though not a musician. He was a member of I he Philharmonic Society of New York City. A Uepublicau. but no tiuu- for piditiisl He was married in his 21st year to Anna Shepherd, or .New York. Th<'re were two children: Washington and Cliarli'S (detva.sed). Mr. I'aulison was a gentleman of amiable disiHisition, cheerful countenance :niil winning address. His abilities were extraordinary on certain lim-s. ami his success was phemunenal. He passi(uiately ad- mired the beautiful in nature and in art. and endeavored to give expression to this by his landscajie gardening and his palatial mansion on the "Hill." Mr. I'aulison was an instance of a man's bei-oming rich and influential several times. It is .said of him that he was the maker and loser of fortunes. Prom '4!) to Ti',) he made the lln-n considered handsome sum of $40,110(1 in California, ami coming back to New York lost it all in a business venture! But to him that was nothing. His hopeful nature and his keen speculative ability enabled him soon to triumph ovi'r that. In a short while he was on his feet again. Had his life bei^n sjiared, no doubt he would have recovered friun the disasters of '[fil'.i. when he had to abandon the work on the "Castle" and go West to Arizona to recoup his fortunes; and his success would materially have changi'd till' history of this city. Indeed, he tO(di great interest in the public affairs of Passaic. The beautiful shade trees of a nundier of the avenues are his living monument. He was founder of the Aci|uackanonk AVater Works and of the Fire I>i-|>artnient. The churches, too, thrived by his timely aid. Though a Baptist, ami the largest contributor to that chur<-h. he diuuited a Ihousaml dollars' worth of brownstone toward (he erection of the Methmlist Kpiscopal Church. He evinced the broadness of his mind and his catholicity by giving sup- port to all churches. On the hifl of cheerful reports of his success in his adventures in Arizona came word of his death, filling the hearts of his many friends here with sadness. Ar.i:i, S\\ AN I'.KoWN was liorn .Inly ?,. 184.5, at Hub- b;irlown, WirccsliT County, .Mass. His father was a pioneer in the anti-slavery 'uovement. Through injuries received at the breaking up of a meeting in the southwest by a mob of his opposer.s, he died in ].S-1,">, two months prior to the birth of the subjei't of this sket<-h. Mr. Brown's mother, now 87 years of age, still liv's. ,\t ten years of age Mr. Brown was left by his mother with his grandparents, she having marrieil for ber second husbai:d the Itev. Charles SiH'er, of Bostou, Mass. At the age of sixteen he went to Worcester, where he had r<'latives. after whom he was named in part. His uncle, Mr. Kcuben Swan, of that city, took an interest in him. and. in the (ourse of three years, brought about an engagement for him in New York City as salesman for the firm of Lathrop & I-uildingt'in. This firm, failing shortly afterward, Mr. Brown secured a very desirable position with the noted firm of H. B. Claflin & Co.. New York. For eleven years he faithfully served this firm. Then his genius for organization was to have an opportunity to display itself. His minute knowledge of the dry goods business, in all its details, made every step he took a sure one. And he opened out his scheme to men who, from their own experience, readily understood him. They, .■ilso. wi're experts. The result was the founding of the "Syn- ilicate Trading (N>mpany," Mr. Brown becoming its first presi- dent. Its liead(iuarters were to be in New Y'ork City, with branch olUces in Manchester, England; Paris, France; Chem- nitz, Germany, and St. Gall, Switzerland. The company at first comprised six houses: Adam, Meldrum & Anderson, of Buf- falo. N. Y.; Callender, McAustiu & Troup, Providence, R. I.; Brown. Thompson, Hartford, Ct.; Forbes & Wallace, Spring- fielil. ilass.; Sibley, lyindsay & Curr. Rochester, N. Y.; Taylor, Kilpatrick, Cleveland, Ohio. This syndicate proved to be the crowning achievement of Mr. Brown's business career. The cnmpan.v has grown to be an association of a dozen of the largest wholesale and retail dry goods houses and department stores outside of New Y'ork City. Mr. Brown, as executive otficer, was reputed to be the largest buyer in America, his purchases running intr^ tlie uiillinns. The Denholm & Mc- Kay Compan.v of Worcester, Mass., was founded in 1870 b.v \\'. A. Denholm and W. C. McKay. It soon joined the Syn- ilicate Trading Company, and. upon the death of Mr. Den- holm, some years ago, Mr. Brown bought a contndling interest in the business and became president of the firm. At the time of his death, September 0, 1899, Mr. Brown was also president of the Pettis Dry Goods Company. Indianapolis; vic(^])resideut of the Doggett Compan.v, Kansas City. Mo.. Miiil was largely interested in other houses. His Imsiness drew him constantly from home. Indeed, it had led him to have two homes, lie was coming to be as much at home in Worcester as at Passaic. In recent years he made a pur- chase of a large tract of mountain land, about three miles out of the city of Worcester and overlooking that city. It was there he built his unique and delightful summer home, which he called the "Hermitage." There he kept open house in summer time. His Saturdays and Sundays were spent tl'.cre. And many were the invited guests he had to dine with him and to ride with him over the park, through which had been constructed extensive and delightful driveways. Mr. Brown's Passaic home, corner of Panlison and Pennington avenues, was purchased on his coming here in 1880. Ex- tensive improvements were made in recent years. Mr. Brown's public spirit made him prominent. He became a charter immber of Passaic's oldest literary societ.v, the Kenilworth, and was its president for one year. He was one of the or- ganizers and the first president of the Citizens' Improvement Association, which afterward became the Board of Trade. He took an interest in everything that went for the up- building and beautifying of the city — in its public buildings, its schools, its Public Library and its shade trees. He never speculated in real estate here. He helped to build up the city puridy for his love of it and his pride in it. It is to Mr. Brown that our citizens owe their unique City Hall and grounds, furnishing elegant rooms for the city officers and for the Public Library. "Panlison Castle"— so called— had for long years been in the hands of an insurance couqiany, and was about to be sold: the property was to be cut up into building lots and the unfinished building was to be torn down. The ''W* it HENRY A. BARRY. WILLIAM COGGIN KIMBALL. JOHN TILESTON GRANGER. ROE MARSELLUS. CHARLES R. CUSHMAN. fBENEZCR KEILQGO ROSE, FREDERIOK SHERWOOD DATES. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. >8» entile prnporty— ImiklitiK nnd RrnuiKls— was worth .fllHl.ooii. Mr. Hniwn pri'Viiiliil ii|>nii Mr. I'cti'r Held iiiiil tlir hite Mr. Moses 10. Worlliin In :idv:iiiii' lln' sum lU'Oiloil to siivc tilt" ]iropi.rt.v. on the ( Ikiiic ( liiinj; ri'lnilmrsfd by the i-i(y. 'I'lirn liy .1 sMlisiiipl ion list lir r:iisf(l iihoilt .$1,S,(MMI in pleilKcs li wnnl J Innil Ini- riinoilclint; llic linildinK. fonvortlnj; it into a City IImII. ir ilir lily slionlil r Coniiiih. Tlie foinier. at this writing, is manager of the "Boston Slore," Worcester. Mass. Mr. I.nthi'r Connah Brown is engageil at the main ottice of the Syndic.'ite Trading Company, No. 2 Walker street. New Y'ork City. Both have reached their majority, and are married. -Mr. Brown's iioine was an iileal i Il was cmpli:i:i 'ally a religious home. The supremacy and guiilance of the blaster were con- stantly recognized. Music added to its charms. Father. nn)ther and both the sons loved music, and all were able to gratify their taste by [(laying on some' instrument. Piano, violins ami " 'c(dlo" were ofti'U snmmoiuMl to furnish cheering harmony. On the occasion of Mr. Brown's death the Passai<- Club, the trustees of the Public Library, the Y. M. C. \.. the Boar Blooming Grove Park Association, Penn. He is a Knight Teiii|ilar of the Masonic Fraternity. He was married, October !t. IS-""'-', to ,Iane Wat.son, daughter of the late .Tidin Watson. Sotnirville. Mass. No children were born to this union. Mr. Iteid is the happy instan<-e of a sne<-essfnl busi- ness man. as the outcome of straightforward Imsiness methods. Earnest, thrifty, constant and strictly honest, he has won his way to affluence. He is generous, having an open hand for worthy objects. He is retiring and modest, and wants no praise. The city has good reason to cherish him as one of its first citizens. He has not cared for any of the city offices, but is always a Uepnblieaii when .ailed to cast his ballot. MOSF.S lODSO.N WOItTHF,.N was one of those men whose death was as great a loss to the cominuiiit.v nt large as to his closest associates. During the twenty-tive years of his life spmt in Passaic he was engaged in constant, practical work for the public good, socially, materially and politically. His diath. on December 2(!, 181)7, from an attack of typhoid fever, contracted under circumtances which were distressing, be- cause they apparently might have been avoidcMl. was a gc'iinine public calamity. .Mr. Worthen was born in Charlestown. .Mass.. on November 2, l.S;!7. of energetic and fairly |)rospi-roiis .New England stock. Uv attendeil the Warrc^ii (Jrammar School and later the Charlestown High School until fourteen years ccf age, when poor hc-altli c-cuiipelled him to leave school for a more active. oiitdiMir life. He acceptiMl a position with an uncle, who w;is a groc-er in Lowell, Mass. Later he rc-tumed lo his native town, and IcNirncMl the carpenter's trade at the Charlestown Navy Y'arcl. where he bei-ame imbiicMl with a taste fen- mechanics, which became valuable to him in after- life. He did not follow his trade long, but entered the em- ploy of the Loinbard-Stc-vc>ns Investment Company of Boston, which developed property and loaned money all over the East. At twenty he was one of their traveling men. and. while in- vestigating some New .Jersey property, rode through Passaic, then the village of .\cl>ing here ovct night. He next went into the woolen business in Boston, and rc'niained ill that for many years. William II. I.rfx-ke was then owner of a print works at Cambridge. Mass. Forming a high opinion of Mr. Worthen's abilitii s. he offered him a resi«insible IK.sition. The plant wis later moved to New York City, and in 187.3 to Passaic, Mr. Wo.-then c-oming here as manager. It is now the Passaic Print Works, still known to many as Locke's. In 1875 Mr. Locke failed and the mill was closed. 182 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC It was at this time that Mr. Worthi-n fiirtiii'il a imrtiuTship with Mr. William I'. Alilrich. thi-ii a liiiokkci-pcr in Lcukc's. '1 hey coiitiiiiicd in the (-aiiie rehitioii until Mr. WurthiMiV death. They manufactured eotton goods, printed to imitate wdoleus, and known as satinets. They were ver.v successful. They luiilt the Manhattan I'rint Work.-- and the Kmpire Print Works in New York. ..nd moved the former plant to Passaic in 1HS7. The Empire .Mill was di-itroycd t.y lire in ISS'.t. with a loss of several hundred thousand dollars. They rebuilt it. liut moved the plant to Soho. near Hloomlield. in IS!):?. The passage of the Wilson hill niaile pure woolens so clieap that lliere was no market for satiiiets. The luisiness of Worthen & Aldrich was destroyed. With characteristic energy they liirned lioth mills into plants for making corduroy jdushes for upholstering. In 18!)4, which was almost a panic year, the.v liought a mill site and water lights at Dela wanna, and erect(> o'clwk in the mornings. There is evidence here of very great will power. He has never cea.sed to bo a student. His has bi-en a life of immen.se activity, both of body and brain. He spent his hours of re'ease frnni business during l.l years. inlliMting and nwlh.Mlically ;irranging a history of the Speer and Kingsland families in this country- This would have been published in valuable vulumes, had not a tire in his building, in 1891. destroyed nearly all his manu- scrijit. Mr. Speer gave his mind to inventions, also. He built, in 18.52. a cylindrical piano, which he exhibited at I lie American Institute Fair, in Castle Garden, described as a remarkable piece of mechanism. It was burnt up with his hcoise in 1877. He invented a window fastener and weather strip, conibined, ami spent years on the road selling it. making a tour of the South, exhibiting his patent at State fairs. .\s we have saiil. he first siilved the problem of rapid transit in New York City. So thuroughly was the Ijegislature of New York State convinced of the feasibility and desirability of his scheme, th.it the two successive sessions of 1873 and 1874 passed an act empiwering the corporation of the City of New- York tci cdii-tniit, or permit to be constructed, an endless train on Speer's plan. For some technical reason, each year, (Joverinu' Dix vetoed the measure! Speer's plan was. shortly told, as follows: — (1) "An -endless train for rapid through transit of passengers, without stop. |2) Rapid local accommo- dation comliincd mineiice. Think of an endless train, ten miles in length, propelled by engines situated beneath it at suitable dis- tances, moving at the rate of twelve to fifteen miles an hour, and people getting on and off by an ingenious device at con- venient iiointsi Mr, Sjieer had a working model at .Vlbany. .Ml iciiild src just hiiw it rould perfiirm the wurk pniposed. "It iniglil li.ivi' bicn." Hitter was Mr. Speer's defi'at. He ralliiil liiim it. and turned his fertile mind more to his vine- yaiils and to the luoduction of American wines. Mr. Speer had already over 40 acres of vineyard, of grapevines originally im- ported from Portugal in l.Stltl. of the original port wine grape. His wines ,ire widely known and apiireciated for their ex- cellence. For many years Mr. S|X"er has invited eminent phy- sicians to dine with him after the gathering of the season's vintage, that they might samjile his choice medicinal wines. Speci.illy, since the i-ompleticm of his unii|ue and elegant cha- teau, where many guests (-.■in be royally entertained — the ideal 111' his l.iti'r years — these events have become marked. In ISTi) .Mr. Speer issued the first newspaper — "The Itiiii' ever published in this city. He has continued to publish it weekly to the present time. Mr. Speer is a Ilepublican in liolitics. He held ottice when this city was passing through its village stage and was working for progress. During his term as Street Commissioner he placed himself out of touch with the town by insisting on having sidewalks. He organized the first temperance society, called the Kechabites. He pro- vided the first public hall by converting the ballroom of the old tavern into a hall. ilr. Speer was also a School 'IVustee under the old regime. Mr. Speer was married to his first wife. Catherine Eliza Berry, of Aci|uackanonk. .lune (ith. 1844. To this marriage were born two thiidren: Widiain II. and .Vlfred W. Mr. Speer was married a second time In Pnlly .Villi .Miirgan. of Cape (Jirardeau. .Mo.. September 22nd, 18,")i;. Til this marriage were born: Klla M. ideceasedl. Sidney S., Althea. .Major 1. and I'oliinel .\1. These last two sons, uf mar CORNELIUS VAN RIPER, M. D. ARTHUR WARD VAN RIPER, M, D. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. i&5 tiiil iiiiiiii-s. went l;isl .veal- as vnlimli-i-is in tin- riiiliiijiiiir Hai-. At the end iif their term of si'rvi<-e they were h nihly ilis- < hiirjjed, and tliey are. at this writinK. on their way home. Mr. .Vlt'reil Speer will he kindly renienihered liy the |uior "f this in life. Success awaits all who liavi' llie lirains ami the .-imhilinn." .Mr. Spccr m^vcr waited Ini ..|ipiirlMiiilics: he made them. W ll.l.l.\.\l 1.. .\.\liKI SS. letired merchant, was horn ai New Windsor. (Iran^'c Connly. N. Y.. .March 11. l.Sll. His l'atln>r. Ira Andruss. was a native (.t Hartford. Conn. His mother. Sarah l.o^'an. was a daughter of .Major I,oKan of Kevolutioiiary fame, and who fonirlit nmicr \\'asliin;.'lon. She was a n.itive oi .New York Slate. William I.. Andruss. t!ie f iihjecl of iliis sketch, received a com- mon school edmalio'i. .ind .il llic a^-e of fifteen went to New York city, where lie olit.-iincd ciM|>loyi]]cnt in a ;.'ro a;rain en;;a;re in the inerchanilise trade, in which hi' continued until his retirement in 187S. Mr. Andruss is one of the (ddest living citizens in Passaic. Fin- twenty ye.irs h" serveil .is postmaster of the place, he liaviii;^ been .ippoinleil lo his tirsi term b.\ President Taylor, strving coniinnonsly thereafter for the above number of years. He has resided in his present residence. No. I!*") Main avenue, since 1S4!>. >Ir. Andruss has been twice married, his first wife liein;; Il.icha.'l Olilis. whom he married in lS:5:i. Five children were born lo Ibis marriase. all of whom arc deceased. His second marriage occurred in 1.S4S. al which lime h" married Miss .\nii Zabriskie. who was Ijorii near I lad ciisack. She died on March 1!. IS'.III. Mr. .\ndruss is a man of unusual preservation. He is a ^'ciillcman of the pleasiiiK old-school type. He is a man of stroni.' character, public spirited, cor- dial and kind in manner. His iihysical and menial activity impress the observer as bcloiiu'im.' to one many years .vouUKcr. Ml;. .ItillN \\A rsoN. r.ilb. r .if our slirrin;: Councilm.in. Thomas K. Watson and Jlrs. I'eler Iteid. who died February lO.lSM. was born al Lunciily. Scotl.inil. February 7. 1S(I7. He received a common school education, whin he entered upon his life work, that of .1 olcnher. .\lr. Watson came to Americ.i in l.S.TJ. He was. Ihercfore. a resident of this city 25 .vears. He fcnndcd the Pdeachery situated on .leffersen street, earryiu^' on the business there under the firm name of ••.John Watsiui iV; Sous." .\fter his death these sons. Beu- janiiii. Thi.m.-is and .Taie.es. carried il on. A man of remark- able energy and business tact, with broad views of the rights of his fellow-men. abhorring pretence and sham, he readily won his way to siucess. He hewed to the line of the (Jolden ){iile, nay, more, he was generous almost to a fault. He could not bear to know that any within his reach were suffering. His employees deeply moiirin il his departure. -Villi lie was a man. lo.. of great iH-rsoiial rorliliide. It is ridaled of him that about two years liefore his ilealh. IiIk physician iiilviKed him to submit to nil o|M'ratioii to preserve his sight. He proceedeil lo the .New York Kye Intirmary. al and endnri-d the pniii- fiil operation, refusing to take aiiaesiln-tics of any kind, Mr, Watson was a sti g Uepnblican, bill his business forbade his holding ollbe. He was a iiiber i.r the I'resbyleriaii Church. He was married, April, I.S.'IJ, to ,laiie Peacock, of Perth. Scot- land. There were ten children, eight sons and two daughter^, of whom tivi are li.-.ng: .lohii C. Thomas K., ,laines, I'eler K, .mil ,Mrs. Pciir Iteid. .\Ir. Walsoii was of » sniiiiy leiiiiieru- I '■ When lie liirned rroiii the cares of iiUKinesN lo his ' and r.imily he w.is genial and loving-lhe ideal home man. THK UI-;\. Pllll.o FUKNCIl I.KAVKNS. 1>. !».. whose kindly face is represeiiled en ji.ige Mui. has 1 ii a sturdy w.irker for over thr lecades as pastor of the First Presliy- lerian Church of this city. He has been the first and onlj pastor of this church. A young ninn, he .ame earnest and hopeful: today finds him vigi runs and successful, A record like his is not enjoyed by niany. From a h.-indful of menilHTs, his church has grown to be largi' .-iiiil iiiHueniial. Fr a tein- porary lioiiie in rented preini.ses. the place of worship lias come to be a iiaiidsome and well-appointed stone edifice, on 11 most eligible site, at the corner of I'assaic aveinie and (irovi- Terrace, On the same grounds, in close proximity to the church edifice is a .Siimlay-school hall every way suited to its purposes, solid in stnietiire, and in architecture in harmony with the church: in interior finish complete and ornate. So that the ciliiipmeiit here for religious, educalioiial and benevolent work is complete. Through slowly developing i-ivic afTairs, through limes of stringency in fiuaini.. through apathy often, and. ag.iin. through religious fervor. Dr. Leavens nn.s led his people to forehandeduess, to strength, to power, to great u.sefulness for the Master. He possessi-s largely the missionary .spirit— no doubt the secret of his power and success. lie cares for his own: but he is earnest for the spread of the <;os|iel far and wide. The rising churches in Dundee. Cartield and Walling- lon will testif.v to the breadth of his mind and the goodness of bis heart. He lo'igs for the universal spread of the tJosiH;!. and labors to bring about that result. Dr. Leavens is recog- nized by church otficials as being thoroughly conversant with both home and foreign missionary literature, and his historic studies in niiir.y lines of human activity have made him far-set.- iiig and very useful as an advisor in secular affairs. In linn's of doubt and liesitanc.v among citizens his opinions are eagerly sought. During his long residence in Passaic Dr. Leavens has been .issociated with most enterprises to |ironii>le the pub- lic welfare. He bebinged to the old-style temperance six'ieties. He was among the founders of the Conut.v Snnday-SehiHil As- .so'-iation. He took a leading part in the establishment of the Home and Orphan As.vlum, the pioneer of the charitable insti- tutions of the city, and li.is bun chairman of its Advisory Council throughout its history. He. also, manifested an iii- tirest in education, before our present school .system was even inaugurated, and, at a critical period of its developiiient. was president of the Koaril of Kdiicalion. Dr, Lciveiis is kindly and uiiobtr isive in :nanner, is especially beh>ved by his iK-ople. and is held in very high esteem by hi.s brother ininislers of the various chun-hes of this city. Dr. Leavens is a member of a widespread New Kngland family. He was born, November lit, l,Si{.s, in Berkshire, Franklin County, Vermont. He was educated at the I'niversity of Vermont, receiving his B. A. degree ill ISlil and his degree of D. D. in l.S.S,S. He was gradii- .iled from I'liion Theological Seminary in ISliii. In the same year he was licensed by the Congregational Association of New York .mil Brooklyn, On un.lertaking his work in Passaic 186 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. he hecanu- a nit'iiilx'i- of tin- I'li-sliytcry of Newark. By the re- .rmstrm-tion of the Church iii 1S7(I his menihership fell into Iho I'resliytery of Jersey City, where it has since remained. lie has served on its more iniiKirtant lomniittees. and been for a nnnitxT of years chairman of Home Missions, the commit- tee having oversight of incipient and growing churches. Of all the |)astors in the Presbytery at its organization, in ISTO. Dr. Le.ivens is the only one now remaining in .-ictive service. and there are few clergymen in the State of New .Jersey whose term eijuals his pastorate in Passaic. In the pursuance of studies for his own improvenu'ut. Dr. lyeavens has been a memlier of the American Sov-iety of Church History, and, with a view to keep the run of economic discussions, maintains a membership in the American .\cademy of Political and Social SIr. Wilfreil .V. Manchee. of Newark: William Barry, who gra!)8, now in business: .Mice French, a student. THK Kiev. .lOSKPIl II. WIIITKIIFAD Ins been pastor of the .North Ui-fornied Church sin(iuires. speaks tiiii! hi-; pulpit with no uncertain sirunil on matters affecting the highest pnblii welfare. Mr. Whitehead was born in New York City in IS-4T. to which city his father, a promiiu'iit ami successful business man, removi-il frcun his birthplaci'. Kliza- beth. N. .1.. at the nge of seventeen. Mr. Whitehead, Sr.. wa< a man of more than ordinary taU-nt, .■mil his (|ualiP.cations ap pear to have bieri largely inherited by the sub.ie<-t of this sketch. -Uter a course in the lUlblic si-hools. Mr. Whitehead went to Willi inis Cidlege. .Mass.. ficuu which he was grailii- aled in the class of ISli',1. He then I'lilered T'nion 'I'lieologiial Seminary, New York, fnun which institution he was grailualed in 1.*<72. Mis services as a minister were in prompt demanil. ••ind lui .liine 1 of that .vcar he became pastor of the Iteformed Chin-ch at Poinplmi Plains, N. .1., to wliii'h he ministered with marked suci-i'ss for twelve years. He was called in .Tuiu'. 1,SS4. to the pastiuati' of the First Presbyterian Chunh of Fast Orange, N. ,1.. where he rem.iined imtil indlli'ed to accept the call of his present Hock. lie has been for ten years chair- man of the Chnri'h Fxteiision Cianmiltee of the Cla.ssis of I'aramus. :ind has leil the Classis in inu<-h cfTective work in that direiticm. notably at Hawtliiune and North Pati-r- s(Ui He is a mendx'r of the Executive Committi'e of the Kef irmed Church Board of Foreign Missions, and devotes much time and ability to this important i-ause. Mr. Whlt«'head married, on .Iiine I'll. 1.S72. Miss Helena .\. Haight, of New Y'ork, \\ lio ilii-.l in 1SS4. In December. ]S.Sr>. he married Miss Elizabeth .M. Wallis. .laughter of tin- late -Vlexander H. Wallis. a prominent .\ew York lawyer, and for many years pi-esidei't of the First .National Bank of .Icrsey t'ity. Mr. Whitehead has five children, his two sons. Edwin H. and II<'my C.. being graduates of ^^'illiams College in the c-lass of l.SlHt. Surroumled by a charming famil.v. his holm' is the constant reudezvims of the members of his congregation. .Mr. Whitehead's many (inalilications for pulpit, pastoral, public iml denominational labors have ensured him wide esteem, but those who know him amid the environment of his home ac- Uiiowledge an evn stronger attraction in the suMle and win- liing ch.-irm that makes all Milh whom lie comes in cont.ict his wa"ni and .ibiding friends. PEKCV II.V.MII. r«iN •IKKlirNE. M. D.. tie- subjeit of this sketch, occupies, professionally, :i positiim rather nnique in this locality, he being the third in line of the Terhune family that has pra he entered the .Medical Department of Columbia T'niver- sity — the College of I'hysicians and Surgeons— ami after pur- suing a four years' course was graduated, .lune Kith, lS8!t. He, however, still d'Voted himself to clinical work, operative surgery, etc., of the .New York Polyclinic and Hosiiital, the \'.inderbilt Clinic and .N. .\I. Disjiensary. lie began the ac- tive iiractice of medicine in Passaic, .January Isl. I.HfH). The winter of 1.S'.)7-!IS he siient in Europe, particularly, at Vienna and Berlin, devoting himself to clinical work in the hospitals and to ipnative surgery M.d gynecology. The clinical advan l.-iges of Vienna are nnsurpassi-d, jis it possesses the largest hospital in the world, accoinmodating 3.(KMI patients, all of whom, the hospital being under Government control, inav be utilii-ed for the advancement of the science of inedicin,-. Dr. rrrliune's professional success has been marked, ami he is to- day one of Passaic's busiest physicians. For si.\ years — 1891- '.17 Dr. Terhum> was President of the Board of Health iind City Ph.vsici.in. He was a visiting physician to St. Mary's Hos- pital, and was oiu' of the organizers and hardest workers of the I'assaic Hospital .Vssoiiation. from which he resigned for ln'rsiinal reasons. Dr. Terhune is :; member of the follow- ing organizations, clubs and societies: Passaic District .Medi- cal Society. Passaic City .Medical Society, .\lmuni Association of Celumbia rnivcrsiiy and the Yountakah Club. On .Inly lllth, 181)4, Dr. Terhune was nmrried to .Mice Ethelyn Tucker, of .Monsou, Mass,, who soon became one of Passaic's most charming ladies. Two children weri born to them, and were named, respect ivel.v, Doris 'dicker ;tnd -Vlice Ethelyn. Dr. 'I'erhune's happy married life was of short duration, death claiming his wife iu the year 18!H>. A further sad bereavemenl JOHN TERHUNE VAN RIPER. GUSTAV W. FALSTROM. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 189 M.ls lliM.-il li.\ 111,' ^Ihlilrll ■l.-.llll 1. 1 l»j||l Ills .■llililriMI. williili trn il.-i.vs ol iMi'li ■lliri-, iioiii siiiili'i i'c\ci-. iliiriiii: liis :il>si'iii'i' in lOnnipi'. in llic spiin;; ul ISKS. NELSON ST(tIil>.\i;ii was l.oin ..n :i raini n.TU- IK-cki-r- tnwii, Sussex ('oiinty. N. .1.. nn M ly II. ls;!.s. His Knclish un- ci stors wore aiiKins Nc>\v ICnclanil's early settlers. Ills crnml- latlior removed with his family I'rciMi New l.c.h
  • n Cciiiiity. Ccinn.. tu .Minisink. Oraufie Coniily. .N. V., in IT'.IT. lie was priiminent in Granule ('miiily alTairs. His father. Increase SiDihlanl. niarrieil Maria Carr in 1S24. and moved to Sussex Connty in ls;!l. lie honiilu a farm luar 1 )eckert()\vii. where they reared a famil.v of ten chihlren. of w iioni Nelson was sev enlli. InriM-ase SlcMld;ird w;is :i siieressfnl larnn-r. :ind Ihr Inane- stead favm o!i which In- hicaled ami died is still in llie posses- sion of his Siiii. After ;^oin;; to a ilistrict school np lo the a;ie of twelve, oni' subject attended the .\e\v .Ii'rse.v Ctnifereiici' Seminary at I'eiuiiLi^'ton. N. .1.. .iinl later tlii' New York Coii- fi'feiici' Seniinar.\ .-il ( 'harlotti'svillc. .N. V. His lirst business venture on his own ac'' .unt \\as k* epiim" a L.'eiier,'il store at Deckertown. in ISdl. When I'resiilcnl l.imolti called in the summer of l.Stii; for volnuteers lo servi' for nine nnndlis. he sidd out his interest lo his partner, aiul enlisted in Company H, Twenty-seventh New .liMsey \'olunleers, in which he was made lirst serceant. He w.is never absent for a d;iy from his company and ri'siimenl. which participated in the liattlc of I-"rederip.-irt iii-nt of the Ohio, had i>reviously issued uema-al orders expressing.' the hope that the rejiiiuent niiirhl be part i>f his eominand again. Heiiif.'. by re.-ison of imiiaircd he.ilth, nn- Htled for further .service. .Mr. Stoddard enir:i;;ed in various uiereaiitile pursuits until 1S7.3. He was a skillid aeconntanl. and enteri'd the accountin;; department of tfie Krie. with which railroad he ri'inained until 18Sb, when poor health cotn|ielli'd him to resign. He became a resilient of I'ass.nc in 1S74. He married on .November :W. 1,S.S(I. Mrs. .\lice .1. ■rcrhunc daughter of C.-iptain Williani Clark, form -rly City 'rreasurer. and a promiiu'iil citixcn in I'assaio's early days. They havi' one son living. In 1SS7 .Mr. Stoddard was elected to the City Council from the Second Ward, and served three yi'ars. He was again eU'cted in \S'.\4 for a second term of three years, and was presiileut of the body in bsii.",. He was Assistant I'ost- master tinder rresidcnt Harrison, from 18.S!) to 1803, since which time lie has iioi been actively engaged in business. He has always iieen Ue.inblic:iu in politics. He attends the First I'resbyterian Church, is a member of Passaic Lodge. No. se(|neiitly lie w a.s associated with the large woolen goods I'Dinnilssion house of H. .1. Liidiy iS: Co.. .New York. Later ho lioeanio a niemltor of the lirm of IJyrne Brothers iV: Co.. whoso exipnsivo rotton goods (iiiishing mill was destroyed liy tire after seven .vonrs of nolahlo business prosiiorily. The lirni decided mn to ro- liulld. .and was dissidv<'il by mutual eonseni. Tlii'U .Mr. Mercer gave .iltention to the wo< leii, sliodd.v and extract Imslness. ami organi/.eil llw (i irliidd Woiden Company, of wliiili hi' became, as he still is. I lie iiresiileni and treasurer. His execiillve ability :iiid untiring and wi-11-directed indiislrv have done iiiilcli lo ensure the enviable success of thi.s orgaiii/.;ition. In addition lo his many business duties. .Mr. .Morcor was fur ninny .vonrs poslmasler of Lodi. Il was tlirongli his iiifliieiico and ener- getic work ili.'il l.oili liocaine a iioroiigli. and at its seeiiml iiiii- niiipal eloclion. in 1.S!>7, he was eloeteil Mayor wilhoiil oppo- sition, ill token of llio iiopular appreciation of his work. He still holds that oltice. and has pushed the nioasiiros llial liavo ensured to Lodi as line a system of roails as can be foiiml in tin country or the Stale. He has also iiitrodiieod a satisfai- lory water sysleni and other Imiirovoiiients. He is the presi- dcnt of ihe Lodi Buihling and Loan .Vssoeiation. which stninls .iniong the very lirst associations of the State for its eoiisorvn- livc manag-inent and sound and prolitalile career. The Alox- ■ inder liyc Works, oi f the largest silk d.vi-ing and tiiiisliing liiilis in the world, is located at Lodi. broiighl here by Mr. Mercer's iiilluenee and failhfiil and otiieieiil reprosonlalions of ihe many adv.int.iges it offers to inanufaclurers, .Mr. Mercer is a dirccior of the reople's Bank and Trust romiiany, a gov- ernor of ihe I'.issaie (Jeiieral Hospital, a inembor ot the Washiiiglon and Orean I'ark clubs of Passnie nnd or the St. .Vndnw's Society of New York and a Tree Mnsoii of high di i;rce. He is a nieinbcr of ihe Second Ueforniod Churcli of l.oili. and was its treasurer for twenty years. In polities he is .1 IJepubliean and :i rroteelioiiist of the strongest kinil. He has a wide circle of friends, and ill |irivate ami public life alike has won the highest esteem of all who know him. Two years ago he married Miss Isabella X'air Cockburii, a daiigiiti'r of Mr, Ocorge Cookburn of Ludingtcui, Mich,, and .-i L-raduale ni the I'. 1st on Conservatory of .Music. FKKItlCUICK CHAKLHS STUKCKFl'SS. eapitalisl. was born in Wurtcmbnii:. Ib-rmaiiy. Novonilier ."i, I.SoL For lln' past twenty six years .Mr, Stroekfuss has boon a rosldoni of I'assaic, being ideiilitied witli several financial iiistilulioiis, besides being largely inlerested in real estate and other af- fairs. He was for three yi-ars a mombor of the Board of Coiin- cilnieii, ,Mr, Sti-.'ckfuss is a prominent iiieniber of the .Masiuis ,111(1 the .Veciuackamuik Club, He has twice been married, his Mist niarriagi' to .Miss .Mice M. Colwcdl of New Y'ork having occurred November 11. 1S7:'.. His second wife was Miss Minnie Shuunin of Calaeoon, .New Y'ork. their marriage having oc- I nrred .Iniic 7, I.S.S7. Seven cllildren in all have been born. four of whom are living. The living eliildron an- llotiora M,. Frederick C„ .fr,. .Mice .Mary and .losi|d!iiie. ,roHN KINO w,is born in Hnblin. Ireland, I'ebruary 1". l.'^.'iM. He received his eduiation in llm lelebralid schools of that city. Ho has been engaged in a number of linsiness ven- tures. When a young man he emigrated lo .Vnstrnlin. nnd si out several years in tin- gold fields. Ho lioennie interested ill the late .lohn .1. Breslin and several others of his eountry- iiien. who were plicaii. He has not sought otfice. I'lil he has always taken a lively interest in iHilitics. In I.SiKl he was elected uienilier of the Assenihly from the Fourth l>islri<-t of Passaii- County, and. afiain, from the same district ill ISttl, and from the county at large in IS!!."). In I.SIH! ho was re-elected to the .Vs.seuildy by a plurality of ."i.tKKi votes. He was the choice of his townsmen in 18!t7. but was defeated in the convention through |«arty dissensions. He was elected to the Assembly in tSitS, and was again elected, November. ISOtl. for the Assembly of 19'M). During bis long career in the -Vs- .■reiiilily he has been identilied with the most important nieas ures, and has se! ved as member and f the same year, another ail introduced by Mr. King became law, which will for all time be a monument of his legislative genius. It met with great opposition. It was entitled ".\n act providing for the creation of a Hoard of .\s- sessors in cities of the third class." I'nder this act oiir present Board .>f .\ssessors was I'l'iatcil. and out of the former ihaotic system there has ln>en produced a very sntisfailory method of making assessments and levying ta.\es for imblic improvements. Again. Mr. King's "Classification Act" should be nientioned. It provides that cities should not pass from one class into another, by reason of their nopiilatioii. until ninety days after the olticial proiiiulgaTion of the census. It is found among the laws of ISOl. The law allowing City Councils to prescribe the niethod in which county ta.xes should be paid by the Colh"-tor was another most important iiieasiire introduced by .Mr. King. This law. and the oiilinani-e siibseiiuently passed by the City Council, i-hanged completely the financial s.\stem of llie city, rendering it intelligible and exact. It is found among the laws of 1895. In 18!tii Mr. King intrortaiit thoroughfares in cities, such as (lardeii street in our own, awaited the pa.ssage of this law. .Mr. King introduced, and caused to Im- jias.sed, the imiHirtant law under which our District Court has been constituted. He liiis iiilrodiiccd and carried to tlii' passage numerous laws in relation In the issuing of iHiiids by cities for various pur|ios<'s. When a man is sent to the Legislature and furnishes brains for the enactment of such wholesome measures, his intelli- gent constituents endeavor to keep him there. Assemblyman King easily maintains his enviable position. He is a geiitle- iiiaii, reserved ill luanner. conslanl in his friendships, of keen foresight, and social withal. He is a meinber of th(> .\c- i|uackanonk Club, of the Klks. and of the Sarsfield .\.ssocia- lion. In 1.S.SO he was married to Lizzie Hughes, of .New York City. Two children have I n born lo iliciii: .Tciliii .iml Hcniv ideceasedv Wir.l.IAAl M. KKNZIE wa^ born ..n AngnsI 21. 1S41. in /ilasgow. Scotland, where he was educated, and came to this country when a young man. Gaining a thorough knowledge of the bleaching business, he acted as superintendent for a large concern in the East. and. coming to Cirlton Hill about thirteen years ago, enlisted a partner, ici.k li.iM nl tlic inori- liund Standard Bleacher.v, and, after years of i)atii'iit en- deavor, built up the splendid business owned toila.v by the Standard Bleachery Company, of which he is president. They employ about fjIMI hands at Carlton Hill. The engrossing cares of business for many y(>ars took every moment of Mr. Mc- Kenzie's time, and it was some years after first becoming a resident of Carlton Hill that he consented to serve as a mem- ber and chairman of the Boiling Springs Township Commit- tee. His grasp of township matters and his executive ability took him to the front at once. AVlien the proiiosition to form the Borough of Fast Itiitherford was broached. Mr. McKen- zie. seeing in the bnnnigh niovemcnl a prospect of large improvement for the town, cnicred heartily into the plan. .•ii.il was instrumental in liaviiig the borough roriiicil. was chosen Mayor, and is now serving his third ti'riii. .\hvays an earnest liepnblicau, Mr. McKenzie was iiidiKcil to run for Assemblyman in 1.S!)2, and, in spite of the Democratic tidal wave, was defeated by less than 20(1 votes in Ihe then rock-ribbed Demi>cratic County of Beigcii. While always declining noininalioiis for office in the county, his defeat setMlled to put .nliU'il deleriiiiiiation into him to work for tin' party in Bergen County. For many years he has served as a menibcr of the Bergen County Rcpuulican Executive ( omniittee. was its chairman in ]8',I.S. and dei'lined a re- election for 18!)!). He was an alternate to the Kcpubli<-an National Convention in St. l.oiiis in 1S9G, and enjoys the friendship of every Republican leader in Bergen Coniity. His .sound jiidgineiit :ind tact are fre lives in a liaiulsoiur ifsiilciHr at llic liik-'ii s| point ill Cai'ltiiii Mill. IIKIMAS .\l. MOOUK. son of K. His «raii(ll'allifr. .Toliii Moore, was a .TndRe of the Court of I'oMinion IMi'as of Warren Ci imty for twenty-five years; his lather. Kihvaril C, was a merchant at Newton, and was eleeted State Senator for Sussex Ck)unty in 18.58. Thomas .M. Moore was admitted as altorney in .Inn.'. ISCill, and eoniisellor in .?iiiie. 1872. He studied law with Thomas N. McCarler. He liesian praetire in I'assaic- in 1872. He iirepared the ori;rinal iliarler of the eily in IS'.'i. He sorv(Hi several terms as City All'ii-iiey. .Mild lias IxTii ;i liitii 1 of tile Huanl of Kdiicalioii. lijl. .lOll.N -M. HOWK was a iiioneer eommuler on the iOiii' Uailroad and one of llie foremost citizens of the I'assaic village. Iheii known as .\ci|uackanonk. He was lioru in llic lily of New VorU mi .laiinary 2.S. I.SIHI, lieiii;: tile second son in a family of eiv'lit diildien liorii to Bezaleel Howe and Cath- eiiiii' .MolTal. His father was a soldier in the IJevohitionary War, enl.'riiiK llu' army .is a private in ilir Continental army ficm New Hampshire, and was present at the first battle of Hunker Hill. He served with ^reat faithfulness and credit durinj; the entire wir, ami at its close? held the commission of m.-i.ior. and was a member of General Washington's guard. 1 ir. .lolin .\l. Howe settled in Passaic in 18.");?. and purchased what was at that time known as the Kins farm. He was amoii.u' the first to identify himself with the Uepiililii:in party, and was one of the few suiiporters of .lolm C. Frenioiil in this section of New .Jersey. He was one of the most public- spirited men during the village days of I'assaic, and to him is due the iredit of erecting and supporting tJvp first private school. This he did not onl.v for the benefit of his own famil.v, but also fixed terms of admission for others who were dis- posed to send their sons and daughters there to receive its benefits. Thus Dr Howe's .\cidemy, as It was called, be- came a Holed inslitutioii and lloiirislicd for many years, ll was kept in successful operation until the necessity for it was superseded by the establishment of the present public •school systeui in Passaic. Dr. Howe was an earnest worker in bringing about this change and in inaugurating the fre<' public s<-hool system of the state. In March. 18li.">. he was ap- pointed by Governor Marcus L. Ward as one of the trustees of till- State Normal SehiK>l, and was reappointed by the suc- ceeding Governors, holding the position for a period of about twenty years. Dr. Howe was one of the first to foresee and predict ihe future growth and development of Passaic into a laige and Hourishing city, owing to its delightful situation and nearness to New York City. He therefore opened broad streets Ihrough liis property, graded them and set out a large num- ber of shade trees, which at present are a source of beauty and attractiveness to the i-ity. While Passaic w"as still a village he erected tin' first large brick business block in the town. He evidently had greater faith in the future growth of the city than many of his fidlow-town.smen, as time has proved his judgment sound, and the "Howe blo. from the Medical College at Caselton. Vt., but the greater part of his business life he siu'ut in Ihe practice of dentistry in New York City. His death occurred en l-'ebruai-y 8, 188.->, at his residence. .84 Howe avenue. Pas- saic. He left a family eonsi-sting of his wife, Emeline 15. .lenkins, and eight children- Frances U. -Munroe. ,1. .Morgan Howe, George U. Howe. Kdwin .1. Howe, Charles M. Howe, Klla I,. Ma\iin. Kineline .1. Carlisle, Snsnn K. Halsled. 1>1{. llKMtV II. IMTTUN Avas born May »l, 1.h:1I, at Krainpton, in Ihe provinr-<- of Ontario. He sprang from sturdy Scotch ancestry; was one of a large family of .s<»ns. and was inurwl to habits of thrift, industry and economy from child- hood. .V thirst for •■diication inul .in iimbitiiin for a life of usefulness led him to prepare for i-ol|ege, ami he look the degrei- of .\. H. from Syracuse riiiversily in l.S."i7. The de- gree of .\. M. followed three years later. Many years siiIikc- nlly he pursued a post-graduate course In the I'niversily of New Yi>rk. and received the degree of Ph. 1>. upon siK'ifss- ful examinatirui. Mr. Hiitlon devoted hinis<>lf to teaching, and from the day when lie left college was never for an hour without an engagement during the forty-one yi^ars until his connection with the schiMds of Passaic ceased. He came to this eily from Waverly. N. Y.. and took charge of public <..lii- (atioii in the. year 1.H.S4. He was prim ip.il of the High School, with supervision of all ihe schools, until l.Slil. He was City Siiperintemlent from that date until IS!l7. Then he was Prin- cipal again for one year, when his service ended. During the fourteen years tlie course of study was developed from the lowest grade to the highest. The High SchiHil was expanded into an institution of the first rank. Four large schofd buihl- mgs were erected and e<|uipiied. The corps of teachers in- creased from twenty-three to sixty in uuiiiIht. I'poii the retirement of Dr. Hutton, one of the patrons of the public schools, a gentleman of seh.jlarly attainments, wrote: "It was largely due to his efforts that the system of Manual Training was introduced here, in spite of great public apathy on the subject: ami it was also due to him that the High School w-.s developed in the direction of fitting its pnpils either for college or for business." Another wrote: "Whoever may have Tiiepared il'.e way beforehand, and whoever ma.v add finishing touches hereafter, no one, we believe, can ever rob Dr. Hutton of the honor of having erected firmly and eiidiiringl.v the frame- work of High School education in the city of Passaic" Dr. Ilntton became an American citizen by naturalization in 1874, and his influence has been cast with the Republican party in politics. Though but lightly restrained by denominational pre- dilections, he has been a steadta.st member of the Presby- lerian Church during his residence in Passaic, and has long held the olfice of elder therein. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Dr. Hutton was married. February 2.'<. 18.")M, to Miss Helen F,. Whitii.g of Kostmi. Their ihildreii are Henrv Cumniings, a lawyer in Ludington. Mich.; Gertrude Elizabeth, graduate of the New England Conservatory of ilu- sie, and preceptress of vocal music in the Centenary Collegiate Ii stitute, Hackettstown. N. .1.. and Uobert Jlorton, graduate of the Slate Normal School and a teacher. .TOH.N AYCKIGG HEiaOMAN. physician, was born at Brooklyn, N. Y., May 10, 1852. He received an exiidlent schooling at Brooklyn Collegiate and Polyte<-hnic Institute and Princeton I'niversity. graduating from the latter with the class of l,S7(i. Ui>on the completion of his course at Princelon he entertHi the College of Physicians and Surgetms in New York Cit.v. graduatii>g lIierefriHn in 1.S7!I. receiving his ilegn-e of M. D. He immediately began the praetii-e of his profession in New York, which was continued until the aiilnmn of 1.884. For three years of this ihtIwI he was business manager of the New York Post-Gradnate Medical School. Owing to ill- ness, he retired from his chosen profession, associating hiniselT with his brother Adrian in the real estate biLsiness under the firm name of Adrian G. Hegeman & Co. In the fall of 18,84 Dr. liegeman removed from Ni-w York City to Passaic, J94 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. so that he iiiijrht develop jiiid place upon the market the leal estate held by his family in the latter city. Dr. Hejiemaii is a Repuldican in his ixjlilics. and has twice represented the U'liird Ward of Passaic a'-, a member of the Board of Council- men. In all matters, public and charitable, he has been an unceasing worker. The I'assaic General Hospital is one of the local institutions, the existence of which is largely due to the efforts of our subject and his family. He was ti-easurer of the association from its inception in IS!!-! until .lanuary 1. IS9S, and one of the Boanl of (iovernors. besides being chair- iniui of the Kxecutive and Building committees connected I herewith. Dr. Hegeman is a member of the Ueforniwl Church, the T'niversity and I'rinceton Clubs of New York Cit.v, Sons of the Revolution and the I'assaic City Melecs ut the Y. .M. C. .\. I >r. Church was married, in ISIJh, to Hatlie I'.. Heady, of .Norwich. N. \. One son. Dr. C. Herbert CImucIi. imw inacl icing his profession in .Nutley. N. .1.. was burn u( iliis m.nri.igc. lie- reaved of his wife in 1.S1I2. Dr. Chinch was niarrieil again, in 1.'-!I4. to .\niui Walker, of New York City, who now presides over his home. Dr. Church in physi(|ne is rather sli-mlcr ami tall." and is relined anrl phrasing in .ippearanc e. While n.it wanting in liri]iness. he is kind, symi'alliclii- anil genlli' in n:annei'. He impressi>s people as the kind ot ni.Mi " !io will be careful .-md cautious, yet be courageous, if the exigency demands it. lie seems the kind of man one might safely con- lide ill .iiid rely mi. Ili> is a >! ndions. painstaking, faithful practitioner of medicine. His pleasant manners render him agreeable in the sickroom. His optimism inspires hopi'. and his al ilit.v anil resourcefulness command contidence. He is pre- eminently a physician. His |U'efereiice is for medical work, but he has been so skilful in surgery that, in conneclicpii with it. he has .achieved his greatest \ ictories. He has pciforined n.any very delicate and ililliciilt operations in this city and el.se- where. his clienti'le including persons fnun almost evi-ry State ill the I'liion. Slime surgical operalions recently pert'ormed b.N him have been described in medical journals as remark- able, and have given him worldwid>' reputation. His profes- sional brethren have recogni/.i'd his rank by making him. in the pasl. presiilcnl of Ihc .New .lerse.v Medical Club, president of the .New .lersi'y State Homoeopathic Medical Socii'ly. presi- dent of the .Mumni .Association of the New York Homoi'opathic Midical College and Hospital, president of the .\meriean As- socialion of Orilicial Surgeons and a "Senior" of iln' .\nierican Institute of Homoeopathy. He is oiu' of the staff of the I'as- saic li'eiicral Hospital, and recently, al the niincsl ot llic tmstci's of St. -Mary's Hospital, has organized a staff of homoeopathic physicians for that institntiim and has been elected "Chief of Staff." While Dr. Church is of the Homoe- opathic School, he has no little independence in prescribing, and. while he is conservative enough to cling to old things that are g. he is a iiii'iiilii'r of the I'lissiiic Cliili. lie «!!-( iircsiih'iit 111' Kciiihvonli niic year. Mr. Ki-iit was iiianicd. O.li.hiT 23. 1«7!). to Ella R. Kinp, of IMiiladclplim, I'a. OiU' daiiprhtcr. .Tanet Scott, was liorii to tliis miioii. In a si-('oii(l marriage Mr. Kent was uiiiti'd to ("aroline Karl Kiddle. nT I'ldladididiia, I'a., nccciiihcr 11, l.S"!!. (hie son, Willi.UM Uiddlc, lias lici-n the fruit of this niarriairr. .Mr. Kent is iif Scolcli ori^'iii. Iiis fallicr :iiid nnnlicv ■■oniiii;: Irnni SiMiilaiid about 1H-I."i. |)A\ 111 CAKI.ISl.K was Ihini niar r.clrast, licdand, .May •J4, 1.S44. Ho was the only son of the IJi-v. .lohn Carlisle, who was a niiiiistor of the Methodist C'lnircli for lifty years. .\rter all.iidin^' private sehools in different towns in the North >i( Ireland, he iMitered a liankins institution in Belfast, :;iid icinaiiLeil llicr.' tr..iii ISill to 18(!t». .\\ Iliat linie he was sent to .New Y(M-k l).\ .i linen nianufaelurer to altenil to ihi- hooks and tinanees of his liraneh house. Mr. Carlisle has iieen in the lini'n business in different eapacities ever since, and went into his present quardu's, lO.'i Franklin street. New York, in ISlll. It so transpires that he eri>sses the Atlantic once every year — sometimes alone, sometimis with the members of Ids family, in prosecntion of his business. .Mr. Carlisle came to I'assaic ill I.ST), with his fricml and lelalive. William litH'Sess. loM^' a resident of Summer street, in this cit.v, and lived with him till his iiiarria;;e, in ISTll. in .Miss Kmeline .lenkins Ibiwe. <<( I'assaii-. '1 here have been horn to them four children: Kmeline Howe, who jiradiiati'd from Passaic Ilinh School ill 1.S!I4: then entered La Salle Seminary, at .-Vuburu- dale, Mass., and jiraduated from the same in ISllT: .Vnne Scott, who ^'radnated from I'assaii- llifrh Si 1 1 in IS'.'.S; then entered Wellesley Ci)lle.;.'e. where she iinw is in her Sopho- more year: Marion llarpiir and .Iidiii Howe, both at the pub- lic school. Mr. C.-irlisle is a iiieiiilier of the .Methodist Kpis- copal Church. I"or many years he was treasurer of the ISoard of Trustees .iiiil Superintendent of the Siniday-sehool. He has been deeply interested in the Younj.' Men's Christian Association of this city; a director since it was orfrani/.ed. and, for .seven years, its president. Jt has been diirins this period, and owiii^ largely to his earnest elforts. that the new ^'. ^I. ( '. .V. buiMiiiL; has been >eri!red. \\ liirli \\ as dedic.-ited Siptember, IMI'.I. It is an .■idmirable buildiii;;. well adapted to its I'.iii iiese. .Mr. Carlisle lias lieeii a dirntor of I lie Kirs. Nationsl IJauU of this city from the time it was founded, and WIS electtu its i lesideii' .li.nuary. 18t»!). In politics -Mr. Car- lisle is an Independent. He votes tor the canilidatp in whom he has most contideiice. He is a club man to some extent. He is a iiieiiiber of tin- ■•Keiiilw oiih." the cddesi literary so- ciet.> in i'ass.-iir. and was ils tir^i pi-esideiil . lie is a member of the Itcforni Club .iiid ilie .Menli.nits' Club in .New ^'orU ( ity. ANDKKW .Mcl.lOAN. the subject of this sketch, was born. May 12, ISIil, at 'I'roy, .N. Y. He is of Scotch ilescent on the father's side, but on the niother's. Holland-.Vinerican. .\iid in this loiinectioii it is stated that his lineage has been traced to the til si while iiiale child known to have been born in America. .Mr. .\li l.i.in w .is idmated in the public sehools of .Tersey City. He has resided in r.is^.iir nine years: duriuK which time he lias held Ihe nlliie of -Mayor two terms. In politics he is a Uepubliiaii. K.xMajor McLean is a member of the \Vashiiii,-liiii Club, of this city, and he is e.\-president of our Board of Trade. .\.lso, ho is a member of the Larchmont Yacht Club and the Jlerchants' Club, New Y'ork City, The nianufaetiire of cotton jioods was inherited from his father, :md, indeed, from his ^raiiilfalhcr; for his !;randfather. An- drew McLean, two years after landinj.' in New Y'ork, 1824, Iroiii t;iasi;ow. Scotland cima^'ed in this business at (ireen- wich Village, in.w a imrtion »\ llie KiKlith Wnnl. New York. Al his death .Mr. Mel.rf-airs fiiiber iiKKiuiied control. And in 1N,SN, at the death of liis father, our ex-Major took I'harise of the business, K.N-Mayor Mcl^-ini takes pride in ilie f»<'t that the businesK has Ikm-m so well managed as to Ih- hmi: conducted by the family, jiassint twice from Ihe father to the s and, also, in the additional circiiinslance that he is Ilie fourth ill Ihe line of Andrew Mcl^eans. And lie lias a Uiy of live years, who ninkes the lifth of thai luiiiie. His iinceNlors, on his mother's side, were snldiers in the Revolnliiinary war, eiilistin;,' from Dutchess County, N. Y. llis iiiolher, Virciiiia .McLean, is still liviuK. Mr. Melx-un wuh inarrieencer. an uncle of General B. W. Spen- cer. At his own request, the yonng man. still in his "teens," began active life as a clerk in a Wall street banking house. Even as a boy he displayed shrewdness and practical ability, rather than the taste for romance ami the love of books, which distingiushes the embryonic business man from the student and scholar. In 1.S.S1 Mr. Jlorrell quit Wall street and went into j)artnership with the late Tax Colle<-tor David Campbell, then an hiunble feed dealer on Passaic street. From a modest feed store to an extensive wholesale coal, hay, grain, feed, flour and building material plant, marks the extent of Mr. Morrell's ci:;erprise during the live years between IS^Sl and ISSli. In the lalti'r year the tirm of Campbell iS: Morrell lieany. a coriwration. Soon afterward Mr. Morrell ami his friends bought out Mr. Campbell's interest. Mr. Mi>rrell may sell brii'k and masons' materials all over the State. Iiamllc grain on a large scale, own their own grain elevators, coal pockets ami switches and extensive dock facilities on the Passaic Kiver. The eoni'ern is wholly the creation of Mr. Morrell. but it does not absorb all his energies. He is a director in the Pe(iple's Bank and Ti'ust Ccmqiany. the Naricnnil Brick and Terra Cotta Company, the Passaic and New Ycu-k Kailroad, treasurer of the (Jeneral Hospital AssimI- ation. a dire<-lor of the Biiard of Tra the Bojird of Educarion. He was re- ehcted without opposition from either party at the end of his term. in 1.SS7 Mayor ("harles M. Howe appointed him to the iM)sition of Police .Justice, which he held for three .vears. In an interview publislml at the lime, he said he took the otilci-, not for any honor or emohnnent it might bring, but to study human nature in the scIi1 of expcrienci'. He made a nioih-l magistrate, free from all |>rejudice, fearless in the sup- pression of vice and crime, but just and merciful to all. In ]S7!I Mr. Miu-rell was one of the organizers of Company B, Eourth Kegimenl. N. (J. N. .1. (Passaic Ouardl. the tii-st com- pany of State Militia in Passaic. He retired with a First Lieutenant's commission in 188.5. On .luly 29. 188.5. he married .losephine A. Willett. daughter of ex-Mayor .John A. Willett. president of the Passaic National Bank. They have two chil- (b'en — Louise W.. aged twelve, and Itichanl Willett, now three years of age. EDO KlI'. of ihi' twelfth geni'ration from his ancestor, Ilcndrick Kype. who emigrated from Holland in 1('>.'?.5. was born at Kutherlord .Inly .'?(), 181.5. Keceiving such a common school education as was obtainable at that time. Mr. Kip pur- sMi-d a farmer's life tintil coming to Passaic, in 18lj!>. Here he I'lilt ilie ri'sidcme. No, 20 Lexington avenue, where he lived until his death, which occurred February !(!, 1S!)9. His farm, on whi<'g- isliilnre two terms, in the earl.v seventies, as .Vssembiynnin. He was for a period Internal Revenue Collector, and, finally, strveil as Surrogate five ye:irs, when he withdrew from public life. Mr. McI>anolds was married. November 24. l.S."i:!. to Martha M. Armstrong, of Papakating, Sussex County, N. J. Kive children s!irvived him at his death, August 11, 1891, viz.: Catherine L., who married the late William E. Wright; Helen L. (deceased), who married Dr. George L. Rnndle; Charlotte, nlio m.irried Mr. William I. Drake, Westtown, Orange County, N. Y'.; tJeorge \. ami Anna Jane. Mr. McDanolds was of Scotch extraction, but just when his ancestors came to .Vnieri- ca is not easily determined. His face, certainly, was of the Scotch tyiie, and certain it is that in character and business habits he became a typical American. "A retrospect." says ( ue wh.> knew Mr. McDanolds in all his career in this cily, "brings to our sight a stable and energetic citizen, reminding us how great our loss in his departure." Referring to the financial crash of 1873, this same writer says: "1 think no one will begrudge the dead this meed of prai.se, if I say that Henry McDauidds brought his bark over that troubled sea with head always to port and honor always at the helm." Aid th MO was a kindness in Mr. McDanolds that reached far out. and many a family lifted up their voices in regret at the time of his depaiture. Men who came to him in perplexity received counsel worth gold to tUem, and those who came seeling aid were never rudely denied. He was a loyal hus- band and father, and ever fondly turned his steps to bis home. In his last sickness, he Quaintly said: "If a man must be sick, he ought to have a wife, four daughters and a son to take care of him." EDW.VRD WATERMAN CVRDNER was l«>rn at Nan- tucket. Mass.. March 16. 1S.">7. His etlucation was comniencod in the iiublic schools of .Massachusetts; later, graduating from the public schools of Brooklyn, N. Y'., he entered the Sopho- more class of New Y'ork University; theie he remained three years, graduating in 1877. Leaving the university, he i-on- nccted himself with a wholesale dry goods house in New York, where he remained eight years. Leaving this business, he pai^sed two years in the service of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. For the past ten years .Mr. Gard- ner has been managing agent of the Mutual Life Insurance Company, of New Y'ork, at its home oflice in New Y'ork City. -Mr. Gardner is a member of Zeta Psi ttJreek Societyl. He is a member of the Passaic Club, the Acquackanonk Club and of an insurance club. Always a Republican, he was elected to the City Council, in 1800, from the Third Ward for a term 202 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. of three years. In 1S!)S he was eleeteil CimiKilman-at-Laifro and I'li'sident of the City Counoil. Mr. (ianliier was niarriod, Jamiaiy 24, 1SS9. to Mary M. Tice. of Brooklyn, X. Y.. former- ly of Passaie Two ehililren— (laii^hter.s— have ble.ssed their un- ion: Florence M. and Ile'.en E. Mr. (Gardner's ancestors were Plynionlh IJock settlers and were closely iilentitied with the early history of Massaclinsetts. WILLIAM ISAAC BAURY. the subject of this skeldi. was born December 12. 1850, in Boston, Mass. He was edu- cated in the public schools of that city. Mr. Barry came to Passaic in 1S7(), and became connected, as an emtiloyee, with (he lirm of Keid & Barry. The Barry famiry is of I'liiit.iii descent, distinsruished for inlelliirence ami strong religious zeal. Many of Mr. Barry's ancestors wei-e clergymen. An uncle, graduating from Harvard and Andover, settled in Chi- cago and became the founder of the "Chicago Historical So- ciety." Another uncle. .lolin Stetson Barry, wrote a valiiiilile history of the State of Ma.ssa( husetts. Mr. Barry was a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church, and at the time of his death was one of the directors of the Y. >r. C. A., greatly interesting himself in its affairs, l(H>king In tlir purchase of a permanent home for the society. He was a member of the I'assaie Club and. al.so, a member of "Kenihvorth." In politics ho was a Uepublican. Mr. Barry was married. October 20, bSSl, to Lizzie \. Bartlett, of I'assaie. There were ber, Van Ripen, Van lleypen ami Van Reipen), is derived frou the latin word Ripa, whence originated Ihe name of a city on the north bank of the River Xibbs in Jutland, Denmark. .lutland was divided into I'liiir iliiuescs, the most southerly of which lying along the German Ocean, was called Ripen. This diocese was 142 ndles long and 57 miles wide, and was part of the Ciniliria ( 'liersoiiesiis of llie ancients, where dwelt the war- like Cimliri. who at one time invaded the Roman Empire. The city of Ripen is situated in latitude 55 degrees 3(> niin- iiies north and longitude 9 degrees 19 minutes east, and, next III \\'ibiiiirg, is the most ancient city of Jutland. From this port in .\pril, l(i(!3, a vessel named T Bonta Koe (which iiieans The Spotted Cow) saili'd for the New Netherlands with eighty-nine passengers, among whom was Juriaen Touiassen, who. with thirteen others, on March It?, 1(!.S4, received a paleiit for what was llien called '"Haquequenunck," a name which is still substantially preserved in the title of the pres- ent township of Acqnackaiionk, This patent extended from the Third River up the Passaic to the Falls, thence to Garret Rock, and along the face of the steep rocks .southwesterly to the present county line, thence to the mouth of the Third River. This young man was a native of the city of Ripen, ;;nd four years after his arrival married Pryntje Hermans. His death having occurred September 12, 1*J95, some of his descendants assumed the name of Juriance, now Yeriance and Auryuuseu; while others took the name of the ancestral town WILLIAM W. SCOTT. FRANK CAZENOVE JONES, THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC 205 find becnme Vnn Ripens, Van Ripers. otc. Toninsspn received of (iiiort Coprton liy his will, dated Feliruary 5, 1071, n par- rel of land Ijirg in and abont the town of BerRon, which Coer- ten had pnnliascd of Philip Carteret Ma.v 12, 100.S. Mere he lived and iliiil. .Iiiriaen Toniassen had ehildren— Thomas, C!er- r;t Aeltje, Cli.vslyntje, Marietjp, Ilariniui, who died in in- fancy, .Tan. Ilarnian (2» and Oricljc. Or this nunilier Ilarnian was horn Di'ceniber •!, 1. and, later, .Indith Stcinnients, in 1721. He n- niuvicl III .\ii|nacUanonk, and was the parent of lliirtcin cliil- dren. the third sou of whom was Aliraham, liorn .lannary 2."i, 171(>, and who married Elizabeth Uradbnry. Thi>y were the [larents of three children— .Tohn A., Philip and Mollic Of this nnuiber John A, was horn Felirnary 12, 17.";i. and married Leah, daufrhter of Abraham and Anne Wiiuu', in 177li. He was a soldier in the war of Ihr lirvidntion, and resided at North Uelleville, Essex County, N. .1. Their children were elKht in number, one of whom was Abraham, whose liirth occurred September 15, 1782, and who iuarrieli. His live children were John A.. Abram Winne, Sarah, Eliza and Margaret. Of this number Abram Winne, father of the subject of this sketch, was born June 3, 1815, and on the 27th of October, 183tt, married Clarissa, daughter of John and .Tane Kip, The Kip family (formerly spelled Kype) are of Holland extraction, Hcndrick, the progenitor, having left Amsterdam in l(i3.^. He had three .sons — Hendrick, .lacobus and Isaac — who held mu- nicipal offices under Governor Stuyvesant, the se<-ond of whom received an extensive grant of land, now embraced in the city of New York. One of these sons is the progenitor of John Kii), above named, who was a man of much business enterprise, and largely engaged with his suns in the grocery and lumber trade. Mr. and Mrs. Abram W. Van Kiper h.id three children — Jane, who died in infancy: Cornelius and Abram Harvey, both the sons being practicing iihysicians. Cornelius Van Riper was born September (i, 1840. at North Rcdieville, N. .1., where were spent the years of his biiyliiiiu!. He later devoted himself to a thorough course of study at Pdoomfield, N. J., which enabled him to enter the University • of the city of New York (now New Y'ork Fniversityt, from which he graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1.8(;.'!, and in 18<)0 he received the degree of A. M. from the same institu- tion. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society and the Phi Chapter of the Zeta Psi fraternity. Having decided upon a professional career, he chose that of medicine, and soon after entered the office of Dr. Arthur AA'ard of Belleville. In 1863 he became a student at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New- York Inow the Medical Department of Co- lumbia University), and received his diploma from that in- stitution as a practicing physician and surgeon in 181)0. He then established himself in practice at Passaic, where he has since resided. He has been for a long i)eriod a member of the Passaic County Medical Society, and has been elected at sundry times to the offices of president, vic-e-i)resident and secretary of that society. The doctor on the li)th day of Sep- tember, 1800, was united in marriage to Miss Adriamia Ter- hune (died Hinvmlier II, 1803), a daughter of the late Hon. John N. and So|ihia Terhune. and the granddaughter of Nicho- las and Adrianna Terhune. They have had live children, Carrie and Aimee, l)oth deceased; Arthur Ward, now a prac- ticing physician; John Tcrlnine, now a practicing lawyer, and Cornelia Zabriskie. I>r. Van RiiH?r was one of the founders of the North Reformed Church of Pa.ssaic, of which he is a member, and was one of its first deacons. He has ever mani- fested n deep Interest In ednrntional projects, and was for several years a member of the Board of fiilucntlon of the i-ity of his residence. He is iu his political prefercncfs a Re- publican, and has always taken a ilcep interest in local and national (lolitics. When the Stale Trust and Safe I>e|H>Nit Company mow People's Bank and Trust Companyl was or- ganizi-d, in 1S8S, Hr. \'an Riper was chosen as its first vi7 he was also appointeil a member of the Board of Health of the city of Passaic, and upon its organization was unanimously chosen i)resident, which office he continues to fill. On the eighth day of .\pril, 1807, he married Eva E., daughter (if Benjamin F. and Kmily Popple of the city of I'assaic. He is a member of the Passaic City Medical Society, the Pas- saic Hospital staff. Ancient Order of United Workmen, Nation- al Union, the North Kefornu'd Church, the Zeta Psi fraternity, Theta Nu Epsilon Society, and in politics is a Republican. \\liile at college he was a member of the coiiegi- football ell ven and the baseball team for three years, and held nu- nu rous offices, among which are the following: Prt-sident, vice- pri sident and .secretary of his class, president of the College .\lhletic As.sociation, president of the Eucleian Literary So- ciety, director of the Zeta Psi Banjo and Mandolin Club. He is the son jf Dr. Cornelius Van Riper and .Vdrianna Terhune \ an Riper. The wife of the subject of this sketch died March .'ill, is'.llt, after a brief illness of four days. For family history sec sketch "t lite uf Dr. C. \an Riper. JOHN TEKHUNE VAX RIPER, the subjer. ('. \'an Itiper. CrSTAX' W. IWLSTROM. manufacturer, was born at .Vrliiiga. !<\vi(lcii. September 29, 1.845. He received a fair edu- ls of liis native place, after which he was apiirenliced as a metal' w<>rker, serving for seven years. In l.S(j9. after spending two years in Stockholm, he decided to loiate in America. It was in that year he came to Passaic, where he has since resided. During the first five years of his risidence here he was ( n gaged in the metal working business alone. In 1874 Mr. Levi Aldous became associated with him as a partner, the partnership continuing for one year, Mr. .Mdous disposing of his interest to Mr. Peter ToriHivist. Mr. I'alstrom <'ontinneil the latter (S)nnection until lS9(j. when .Mr. Torni|vist -elired, and the establislimeiit was incorporated under the name of the Falstrom & Torncivist Company, of whiih Mr. Kalstrom is now presidi nt. Tln' concern is one or the largest of its kind in New Jersey, and lf re- sides ill one of tlie hand.soinest houses that I'assaic can boast of. locatetl at No. 270 Pennington avenue. Jlr. Falstrom has for several years been on the Board of Directors of the Mu- tual Loan and Building Association. He is also a director of the People's Bank and of the newly organized North .\ew .lersey Title and Guarantee Comjiany. In the exciting elec- tions of 1S92 he was one of four candidates elected as Excise Ciiiiiiiissicuier, and served until the County Board got the CI nlrol of granting lies of the Baptist Cluirrompt and liberal response. Mr. Falstrom is unmarriei, and is popular soiially and other- wise. Although Mr. Falstrom was the first of his immediate family to set foot on American soil, he was by no means the first of that line, as .Jacob Falstrom, an uncle to Mr. Fal- strom's father, settled in Minnesota, near Fort Snelling, in 1.S25. He is supjiosed to have been the first Swede to settle in that State. His motive for so doing may be related in the following account: When but a young lad, like many other Milvintnrous youths. .Tacob longed to go to .«ea. At last, llirouf;li his many entreaties, he obtained permission to make n voyage with his uncle, a sea captain, who was goins to sail across the Atlantic to Hudson Bay. At one of the places where they stopped, FalstroJi wandered away into the w-oods and was lost. After nine days' search, however, he was found, but so exhausted that his uncle deemed it best to leave him behind, as a long sea voyage in his precarious condition would do him more harm than good. .Vnd so, without frienil or rela- tive, he took up his abode with a trusted family in Canada. While there his eagerness for languages wf.s soon apparent, as he (juickly mastered English and French, besides the lan- guages of several Indian tribes, viz.. Iroquois. Chippewa and Sionx. .Vfter his recovery Jacub likeil th" new and wild country so much that he put away all thouRhts of returning to his fath'"'land. He afterward becan e connected with the American Fur Company, then doing some tradins with the Chippewa Indians at the north of Lake Superior. On Vugust IG, 1837. we find his name, among others, affixed to a petition s?nt to Pn-sident Van Buren, asking him to grant them, the settlers, certain privileges about Fort Snelling. Falstrom is s.'iid to have had great infliienee with the Chippewa Indians and to have checked many threatening outbreaks, one well- ki-own inst.ance being when a band of 400 Chippewa Indians sailed up the St. Croix Kiver on a fif:hting expedition. On the way up they met Falstrom in a small caniM-. He per- suaded them to return, and thus averted what woubl have been a dangerous outbreak. In 1841 Falstroiu moved to Washing- ton County, and cultivated some land where now stands .\fton (Swedish), the English interpretation meaning Evening. He also had a claim of eighty acres where St. Paul is now built. But the poor value of the land for agricultural purposes induced him to relinquish it. It was partly his desire for such .a life as the foregoing, and partly his desire for the sea. which led Mr. I'alstrom to come to America in 1809. In August, 1.S99, the Falstrom & Torncivist Company removed from their old quartiis. in Ann street, to their new [ilace of business, corner of Elm and Monroe streets. I;EI?MAX SCHULTING, deceased, was born near Hano- ver, fkrmany. in 181 0. His father was a farmer by occupa- tion. o\M'ing his own land: he was also a blacksmith by trade, which he fidloweil at irre^xnlar intervals, doing the smithy business in his immediate neighborhood. Xt the age of thirteen the subject of this sketch left his own himie and started out t'> earn bis own living, at that early agi> imbued witn that indciieudence which was a peculiarity throughout his life. He went to Holland, where he secured a position as a clerk in a doth house, where he remained for some time. Hav'ug de ciilcd to emigrate to America, he resigned his position, and retiirr.ed to his home for a short iK>riod. He had by economy .'uid hard wi.rk smvimI enough froiu his earnings each week to b.iri'ly I'.efi'ay liis expenses to the United States. He left II;ivre. Iraiice, in a sailing vessel, and, after a long and te- dious voya;re. landed in New York with lUily ten dollars in his pocket. He was about twenty-five years of age at that time, ami. with only a recommendation from his former employer, vouching for iiis honesty and reliability, ami his thorough knowledge of the cloth business, he at once sought a position. He went to an old cloth firm— Upson & Piersou — who imniedi- WILLIAM MALCOLM. bOLOMON M. SCHATZKIN. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 209 jitoly onpiisi'il liiiii. ami witli wlioni he reuiiiiiicil uiilil Mr. Pierson save him credit to purchase goods on his own account, I)eoause of his superior judgment and trnstworlliiness. His i:ext venture was that ot selling goods on -•oniiiiission, after which ho leased a basement storeroom at Xo. 157 William street, New York City. So rapidly did his business increase that he found it necessary to enlarge his premises. He leased the entire building, and subsequently the one adjoining. In a short space of time he leased two additional stores, ami Iiurchased 'he original buiMing (No. l.">7l. wh-re his family re- sided in the upper apartments foi- twenty years. Mr. Schnlt- ing was always known ami .-.pukMi of :is ■■|lic I'.-illior of the cloth trade" in this country. He died April 7, 1.S82. At the time of his funeral, April 10, more than twenty-five cloth tirms were represented at his funeral, ani all the cloth houses in New York dosed iln'ir cslahlislimcnls during the obsequies. Mr. Schulting possessed a wonderful memory. He did an Jinnual business of .f;.3.rMX),0(»0. He has si>ld .-is much as .$.S,000 worth of goods in a single day at retail, and has kept the receipts in his head so ac-urately that when the cash book was footed ip at the end of the day he >Aonld be correct to a cent. The accuracy of his head work was the general and not the exceptional case. Jl.iny young men now engaged in tlie cloth trade owe their start to Mr. Schulting. He never forgot an honest clerk, and as a rule he always furnished the capital with which they were eiialded to embark in business on their own account. In August. ISCS, Mr. Schulting selected Passaic as a permanent home. Ili' resided continuously here uniil the time of his death. He was an c.\tensi\(' real estate owner and did mucii toward improving the city. In March. 1,S.">(1. Mr. Schulting married Miss Ruth A. Bennett of Hellevali', Orange County, N. Y., to whom seven cbildre:i were l)orn. two of whom are deceased, both of whom bore the nanu' of (iene- vieve. The living children are Enana, Bertha (now Jlrs. Mar- elis of m.S Sherman .street), Herman. Louis and Edna. On September 14. 1.S1I7, Mrs. Schulting, the widow of our sub- ject, pa.ssed away. Th,' remaining members of the family .still reside at tlie olil homestead. No. 284 Bicomlield avenue. The life of Hi'rm.'in Schulting is an c.\iimple of what can lie ac- complished by any young m.-in who endeavors to m.ike bis wa.v in the worlil. always keeping uppermost in his thoughts honesty and truthfulness, two traits cardinal in the life of Mr. Schulting. It is said that he was never known to tell a falsehood, and any misrepresentation on the part of an employee meant immediate ilismissal. .Mr. Siliulting was purely a self-made man. At the time of his death the family was the recipient of a handsome set of engrossed resolutions julopted at a meting of the cloth houses in New York. .!.\.Mi:S BllYt'K was born at (JIasgow, Scotland, I)ei-em- 1 ir -. 1S()2. In 1.S73 he came with his parents to America. In ]87."> they settled in Passaic. He secure thing -business. He is a man of genial temperament and • luiel ways. Mr. Bryco was m.irried. April 11, 1.S9:!, to -Ma- tilda Louise IJosz, of this city. FRANK CAZENOVE JONES, Manufacturer, was born in Washington, D. C, June 14, 1857, son of Edward Stanis- laus and Eliza Gardner tllenderson) Jones, and grandson of Commodore Jacob Jones. Edward S. Jones was a first lieu- tenant in the Pnited States Marine Corps, tut rosigned about the age of thirty, after his marriage, and spent the rest of his life on a plantation on the eastern shore of Maryland. He wa.s with Commo Perry when that officer visitened the forts of that kingdom to rr)reign connnerce. Commodore Jacob .Tones, one of the herws of the war of 1.S12. commanded iIk' Wasp, and by his coolness anravery won his victory over the British frigate Frolic in 43 niinnfe.s. by ordering his men to fire only when the Wn.sp was on the crest of the wave, and thus conquered his mmli more powerful fo.-. Later ho connnanded the Mcliterranean squadron that hund.led the Hey of Algiers: served his country fifty-three years. anttish ecclesiastics. By iieans of the "Solemn League and Covenant" Henderson has also had an extraor- dinary influence on the history of Great Britain. (Sec Emy- clopaedia Brit.-innica, Ninth lOdition. American reprint, Vol- mne XI.) Mr. Jones' great-grandfather, Anthony Charles de Cazenove, was a financier, and one of the directors of the l'nited States Bank, and with his friend, Mr. Albert Gallatin. w.is the first to ciirry a millstone across the Alleghanics. He I'siablished glass works in Union Town, Penn., and through him -Mr. Jones is descended from the oldest French nobility, dating back further than the time of St. Ix>uis, King of ••'ranee-: also from the French Huguenots: from a number ot the most distinguished statesmen and rulers ot Geneva, Switzerland, 'vho during the middle ages kept that city from the power of Savoy, .\mongst them was the brother ot Ad- miral Le F'ort, who lielped Peter the Great to build his navy, reorganize the army, and was the most influential man at the Court of Russia. The Czar thought so n.nch of Admiral Le Fort he had him borne oa a chariot in the shape of a marine shell and walked behind him during the triumphal entr.v into the town of Azof. (See the American Cyclopaedia, editeil by George Ripley & C. A. Dane, D. Appleton & Co., Volume X.) Mr. .Toites is also related to Theophilns de Cazenove, founder of Cazeuovia and Geneva, N. Y. Mr. .lones passed his boyhood on a plantation, where he had the advantages ot an outdoor life, which always broadens a child's mind. He was ever fond of shooting and hunting, and these exercises gave him a strong <■< nstitution and (piickened his perception, so that what ap- peared to be pastimes merely were, in tnith, a preparation for the duties ot after years. Through his father there came to him a combination ot Welsh and English blood, and through his mother of Scotch, French, Hngnenot and Swiss blood, re- sidting in the possession by him ot enduring perseverance: a 210 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. .l.l.-iiniiiation iicvpr to jrivp up iifti-r uiidi-rtiiliiiif,' iiiiythiii!;. "o siin-i-ior. lU- lias :ihv:iys iound this i.ulic.v thr ln-st imv. ii::ittcr how niifavi>i-!il)li' the circmnstaines wero. He was eare- vhctlu'i- In- was hamllins a gaiijr of rough foreiguors in had a private tutor. I.ater Kpslloii fra'eruity. Chapter of the liiivi rsity of Virginia: of on hi- .>pent two .years in llie Kpis<-opal High School near tlie Colonial. New Yi>rk Athletic, Engineers" and I.awyers" -Vle.xandvia. V:i.. one of the hest boarding schools in the clubs, nil of New York city, and of the American Society of Sl:ite. and next look a collegiate course at the T'niversity of llechaiiical Engineers. He was married at Wellcsley. Mass.. Virginia, il Charlottsville. Having always been fond of .hue 14. ISS:!. t.i his cousin, ll.nrici Cnxiiiov.. l.aiiKir. nialheinatics and scientiti<- studies, he |>ursued them diligently ib lighter of ("iiz:iway Hugg I.-iniar :ind Harriet Ca/.eiiove La- al s<-liool .'iinl college anil during his engnu-ering career, and mar. C H. I.aniar. a native of Ceorgia. was of Spanisli. has found iheni of great assistance in his businews career. French. Huguenot. No.-iuan. Welsh and English descent. He • 'oinpleting his academic course tit the university, he entered w:is a cousin of Miral«'an H. Lamar, second I'lesident of Texas. Ih< Stevens Institute at Ilobidieii. N. .1. There he took a and of .Instice T,. tj. C. I.aniar. of the United States Supreme course in mechanical engineering, and in ISTS he was gradu- t'ourt. and grandfather of Henry Cumming Lamar, the athlete aled with the ilegreo of M. K. He iuunedintely iiitired the of Princeton College. .Mr. (!. K. Lamar was a descendant of Halilwin Locomotive Works in I'hiladelpliia. I'l ini., working Captain Sherwood Bugg and Edmund Bugg of Georgia, who in Ihi' m.ichine shops at first for ,i dollar a day. and becoming fought in the .\merican Uevolution (see White's "History of e." pert as a draughtsmau as well as a ni,icliinist. Einding (Jeorgia"!. and of ihe brilliant and eloqniut colonial leader, the chances of promotion slow, he left, and aciepled a imsition Nathaniel Hacoii. "ho was tli" tiist man in .Vmerica to as assistant engineer in the Delawaiv Bridge Company, and raise his sword for lilicity, and that in HiTli, a hundred years was some time in Kansas, overseeing the erection of bridges before Washinglon. -Mr. Lamar, after, residing in .\ugusta along the route of llie St. Louis and San Francisco Kailroad. .and Sav.inii.ili. rmiovi'il lo New York city, and was one d' He then returned to the Kasl, .and tiwdi chaige of the com- the ronmh-is of Ihc .National Bank nl the Kcpnblic and its paiiy's oHices at the works of the New .liM-sey Steel .and lirsl pr.'sideiir. .\lthongh lie was opposed to secession, he Iron Company. Trenton. N. .1.. but about two years later ai- ri turned to the South soon .afler the outbreak of the Civil cepteil a pusiliou with Ihe New York Belting and Packing War, believing it |o lie his duty to follow his luitive State. Company. He remained with this company for more tli.an Before leaving, howevir, and while acting as president pro leii years, and during that ]>erioil aided in the negotiations tem. of the bank, ho was inslrument.al in saving the credit of of capitalizing il as an English company, visiting Lonilon for tlic rnited States ( b.vernment. Some Co^ erniucnl bonds. ll':it pnriios,'. He also had charge of all three of the fjii- l,,-!,! niosily in Europe, were due on a .Monilay. and I here were lories: built one at Newtown. Conn.. ei|uip,iei1 with machinery no funds to pay them with. L.ale th • Saliiiday afternoon pre- Ihe factory at Passaic, and gained a ihoiough knowledge of \ii ns Mr. ,Iohu Cisco, .\ssisl.aii1 Seirnaiy of tin- Treasury, the mechanical rubber business. He also built and ei|uipped kiiil the ni.aner before .Mr. Lini.ai'. and urged liiui in obi.iin the ,1 Lirge factory lor the maiinfacture of insulated wire for u'oru.v . .\li. Lamar wcuked hard lo get together ,i meeting ihe Okonite Company, one of :he leading producers of lh.it ,,i il,,' liaiik presidents, and succeeded in raising that same slajde in this country, .iiul again visited England to aid in iveiiing ihe necessary funds to sustain the financial credit of capitalizing il as an English company. In IS',!.", he resigned i|„, (Jovornmenf, although it would li,ive been greatly to his his position, and organized the .M;inli,alt.aM Kuld.er .\lauufac- |i,.rsonal interests to li.ave liad tlie crcdi; of the I'niied Stales tnriug Comp:iny. breaking ground for their factory in Sep- ( J.vorniuenI injured .iust .al the bigiiniing of hostilities be- leinber. IS'.I.".. in the midst of a panic so severe Ih.il a Phila- iwceu the .North and South. .Mr. and .Mrs. .loues h.ave one di Iphia bank draft was no good in .New Yoi k. He is the son and iw.i daiiuhlers. jiiisident and general manager of lliis company, and from llie start il has been highly successful, in<-rease of linsiiu'ss ne SOLO.MON .M. SCII.\T/.KIN was b.un. in \Sr,r,. in the cessitating the enlargement of the factory several times. In Province ,if .Minsk. Uiissia. He re. eive.l a pretty g 1 edii- the summer of bSilo .Mr. .lones joined in establishing the New ration, partly in the public sihools ,,l liis native town, and Yi rk Lnbric.aling Oil Comp:iny. for the maiinfacture and sale p.artly fioui private intius. The xoulh of Mr. Srhalzkin fell of liiliric.aling oils, with olliccs .and w,irerooms in .New York, in a period when the ami Semitir fee ings and tlie pi-rsn ution< Mid of this also he is president. In the winter of LS'.lT .Mr. of .lows ran highest ir ih- domains of the Czar, .and Mr. ,loiu's visited London. Paris ami ll.imbiug. (iermany, and Sclnitzkin w ;is one of the legion of men who rebclleil ag,iinsl arranged for doing a large business in rubber and oil prodiiels, the intoleijible yoke of political pi rsei ution and social tyranny, both in Europe and South .\fric.i. In addition, he has been Shaking off his fi'et the dust of what \\-' calls a "stepmotlierly called ill to help with advice in Mnancial .and mannf,icluring land," he embarked for the hospitable shores of this country, in natters for various companies, ,ind is chairman of the Execu- scirch of liberty and social eipialiiy. He arrived in New York livi' Committee of the Iron Clad .Manufacturing Company. He s.ime fifteen years ago. linding himself in .a new and piculiai- is also engaged in a general exporl business to the island of eevironmcMI. ignorant oT the i.inguage. lusloms and usages of Clilia. being one of ihree to establish the fiini, which began the connny of his adopiion: with no friends or acquaintances business i;i .\ugiisl. 1,S'.I,S. .Mr. .lones attributes his success in lo guide m- .assist him in the m>w life opened to him. de- life to ihoioiigh preparation, hard work and perseverance, and void of ,all resources, except those of his energy and natural perh.ips not less lo atlenlion to what he lernis the "per- .abilities. He st.ates lh.it he engaged in the struggle for ex- s il ei|n:ilion" in business: thai is, the study of Ihe eliarai- istence with ji fi.'rei'iiess and intensity .is only those who have (eristics of c-very one with whom he comes in contact in biisi- bieii in a ■^imil.ir position could appreciate. He led a life of ness and the eiuploymein of an hoiior:ible diploiioicy in deal- h.ard work, misery I privation for several years, during ing with men. In chiidh I he was Iraiue.t to beli'-ve that which time he spared no pains to study the language and tho ll.c- propc'r deliiiition of the word "gentleman" is obtained by spirit of the country which henceforth wis to be his father- ilividing the word, and reading It "gentle-man." and that one land. His dogged persevi'iance and iuielligeiii elToris at last should tre.at an inferior with Ihe same court. 'sy shown to a g.iiiieij Iho d.iy. .^Lining with the very humble and little ^ CHARLES RIXTON. ANDREW FOULDS, JB. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 213 i« iiiiiiui:i'iv<> liiisiiR'SS of rotailinj; coal to the ratlHT poor coii- smiUTs on the cast side of Now YorU City, he soon sncioedcil in devflopin;; his business into the magnitude of a eonimereinl ■ •Mtcriu-ise. lie nnifoi-nily aeiinired the eonfidon<'e of all with whom his dealinjrs broMirlit liini into eontaet. But Mr. Sehatz- kin's real sncoess dates from the time when he .'ibandoned his eoal business for the more congenial occnpation of dealinj; in real estate. Ilavinj; made a specialty of subnrban property, he was brought, in the coiu'se of events, to localities near to the city of Passaic. First, as the manager for tne New York and New .Terse.\ Real Estate Improvement Company, and, later on, on his own account, he commenced his enerRetic work oi' (Icvelopini; and improvins the unimproved portions of the boroushs of (Jarfield and Lodi. The growth and development of ihese localities, under his skilful and enlcrprisinj; manage- ment, are still a subject of admiration and wonder to all who have watelieJ them. Nor does he stop there. He has in- terests elsewhere. He is a director in the North .lersey Title Guarantee Company. It is now about a year since Mr. Schatz- kin removed from his beautiful home in Garfield and settled in this city. He has greatly beaut itiert his residence, on the corner of Bloomlield avenue and the Boulevard, b.v enlarging and properly grading the? grounds. Mr. Schatzkin has already become a f.amiliar figure in the rily. and his vigorous articles in the daily papers on vital and up-to-ijate subjects reveal a power to grasp the salient points of municipal affairs possessed 01. ly by the few. In politics he is not a strict partisan, hence he is ou friendly terms with the leading spirits of both parties. He is a member of the Acquackanonk Clnl>, the Vountakah Club, the Board cf Trade and of the General Hospital -Vssocia- tiou of the city of I'.'issaic: also, he is a member of the Aok- wright Club of the city of New York. He is a mend)er of the Hebrew Synagogue and is responsive to tlie calls of charity. The following, copied from handsomely engrossed resolutions received by him from the Board of Governors of our General Hospital shouVl have a record here: — "Resolved, That the profound thanks of this Board of Governors, on behalf of the Passaic Hospital Association, be tendered to Mr. Schatzkin for his very practical and most ac- ceptable gift, viz., a "Sun-Parlor," titled up at the General Hospital, and that a tablet, suitably inscribed, in commemora- tion of the same, be placed upon it, and that an engrossed co|)y of these resolutions be presented to the donor, Solomon JI. Schatzkin, Esq. "Joseph lloldsworth, "President. "E. B. Maynard, Secretary. "Passaic. N. .1.. September 11, IS'.l'.l. " Mr. Scliat/.kin is a gentleman of pleasing address; he is landid and earnest in manner, and a good listener. He is easy of approach and democratic in spirit. A good citizen. Russia's less is our gain. Mr. Schatzkin was married early in life. He is the happy father of three children: Abraham Henry, Hynian and William. CdU.NELIUS J. C.\1>.\H S, nlired. was horn at Passaic, .N. .1.. April IG, 18J1I, where he atteridcd the public schools. 1- rum his boyhood he followed agricultural pursuits. He is descended ou the paternal side from old Holland stock, while on the maternal side from French. Some of his ancestors served their country in the Revolutionary War. his great-grand- father having been an officer and taken prisoner by the English and co.ifined in a military prison in New York City. A monument was subsequently erected in that city in memory of the loyal prisoners. Mr. Cadmus has resided in Passaic and vicinity his entire life. He has been very active in many public enterprises, and has assisted in the organization of a number "f the financial institutions, promment among which are the Passaic National Bank, the People's Bank of Passaic, in which he was a dir-x-tor for some time, and the Hackensack Bank, of which he is at present one of the directors. Mr. Cadtnus was marrii-, to Miss Uachael K. Ackermnn of Hochelle Park. N. .1. Thre<> diildren have been born to Ihem— one son and two daughters— all of whom are living. Politieally, Mr. Cadmus is a stanch Republican. He has never held or desiretl to hold any political |M>sitioi!, preferrmg the quiet of his home life to the glamor of politics and the excitement con- nectwi therewith. He is the owner of considerable real es- tate and is considered ore of I'assaic's substantial citizens, and is universally respected. GILBERT I>. B()G.\KT. a jirime promoter of Passaic's progress, and the founder of (Jarfield, was born in New York City, M.irch 19, 1S40. Few men are better or more favorably known in Passaic County. His indomitable will, his wonderful business ability, his genius for trade in real estate, his sturdy honesty, his willingness to lend a helping hand to the struggling and the unfortunate, and his pleasant smile and cheering words for all who chance to meet him, have secured to him abundant .idmiration and good will, .\fter receiving a common sehoid education, he gra|)pled with the problem of si-curiug a liveli hood. He attempted farming and the liver.v bnsines.s, but after having served his (•ountry by enlisting twice as a soldier in the Civil War, he found himself associated with the late C. McK. Paidison. as his foreman in the real estate business. S( ou he took up this business on his own account, and when the panic of 1873 caa-e, it was found that Mr. Bogart had imilt more horses and stores and had sold more real estat-- than had the founder of Pas.saic himself. The panic above re- ferred to nipped in the bud a most promising scheme, he ami some others had wrought out, for the exploiting of the now ambitious borough of Garfield. Eighty-seven acres of lanil had been purchased and laid out in city hits; they had begun to b'.:il(l and ^ell houses, when the closing of banks and the shrinkage of securities ail over the land brought business to a standstill, and the Garfield company was compelled to go into bankruptcy. But seven years later on, after an experi- ence in f.arming in Middlesex County, convincing himself that he never could reach the goal of his ambition in that pursuit, Mr. Bogart returned to the Garfield property, and repurchased it, and tolitics -Mr. Bogart is a Repub- lican, and was. in his early residence here, three times elected to the City Council. When the Hon. William Walter Phelps ri(ir<>d from Congress. Mr. Bogart was urged to accept the ncminalion to succeed him: but he declined the honor. Mr. Bogart was married. August 14. 18(12. to Agnes W. .Terolemon. of Belleville (Rutherfordl. .\. .1. Six children were born to them: Cornelius .1. (deceased). Agnes W. (deceased). Blanche (deceased). Willard. (Jraie, who married Mr. George H. Blake- ly of Paterson. N. .1.. and Bessie. Mrs. Bogart died February .J. 1884. and Mr. Bogart subsequently married I>ella W.. daughter of Ralph Westervelt, of Newark, N. J., widow of the late Garret Oldis of Passaic. Mr. Bogart's recognized .ibility for managing important affairs has led to his election as director in many i-ompanies, as follows: People's Bank and Trust Company, Paterson Railway, and Orange and Passaic \ alley Railway Companies, Saddle River Traction, National 214 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. Brick ami 'IVna Cutta luliiliaiiii'.s. Hiij.'ail Ili'l^lils Land Cniii- 1I<' ilicil at I'l'iisarola. Fli.riila. in lN4i;. llis si.ii U niiw I.Hiiy. Mount Pleasaiit I^aiid Company. .Ni-w Ynik and .\i'\v .\>:sisla!it Diivctur (icncral in ilii' Mr.li.al I )(iiailniint at .TiTscy Real Estate Iiiiprovcmcnt Company. .Mntnal I-oaii and Wasliin;;lon. D. C. .My fatlnr had .luoilici- lnDilnr. wIki was Bnililin^' Assnciation. Camplx-ll and Moricll Company. .Vckcr- a physician, lie died in ISIS. ;ind aindliir. win. ua< a I'lcslpy- n:an Woodwrnkins; Conijiany. New .lerscy 'Hllc (Jnarantcc tirian cjcriiyman. who died in l.S,S."i. I have socn my mother Comjiaiiy. the (Jarlield Liiml Company, ami. hy a|ipointiniMit hitcheliiiK flax and spinnin;; flax and wind, and weaving cloth li;. Ilie tJovcrimi-. one of the Boaril ol Manajjeis ami 'IVeasuivr for the family use. I havi' put hot water in the leach-tnh of the New .I'Tsey Home for Disaldecl Soldiers. Sailors or Ma- when she used to make soap for washinjr clothes and for the rim-s ami their wives, at \'inidand. Of the following! imnpanies family to wash their hamis ami faces with. .^Iso. 1 liave liiniietl he is nre.siilent: Thc> Saddle Uiver Traction (,'ompany. the .\a- ci rn-cidis fur tin- piirpcise of makinj.' saleratns. 1 havi' helped tirii.-il Brick and Terra Cotta Company, the Bojiart Ileijrhts my mollnj !•< dip candles— ten nn ,i rc.d-f.ir winter nse. Sin- and Mount I'lea.sanl I.aml Companies. .VIso. he is oih> of the mnkIo a Inli of apple sance and two liarrels of soap; and my p.vernors of I'ass.iie (Jeneral Hospital. father piil duwn a harnd nf purU and a liarnd of ln'cf in the fall fiM' winter nse. M\" fathei" nsi-d tu p) to work in the l,i;\'l II. .VI.I'IO.V was lidiii on .lann.irx 1. 1S2."> ilhi' sliop al •"> ci'ilock in the morninj;. and work until 'J o'clock in Minn^'i'st of three sons; no daii>,'hlers in the familyl. at ilie evening; during the week. He made all his horseshoe Wimlh.'im. (ireeno County. N. Y. His father. I^evi H. .\lden. nails and all his hmseshoes, splittinjr a liar of iron to make Sr.. was horn at Wareham. .Mass.. .\n}.'nst 2.S. 17!l."!. and was the same. The toe-corks he made from a larfie har of Knslish of the sixth feneration from .lohn .Mden. who was Imrn in Idister steed. The price for a new shoe was 2.") (ents: for cork- Kn;;hind in l.V.lT. ami landed fmni the .M.i vtlowiT :ii I'lviniiHlli in;.' and selling'. '■> cents; f.ir setting', li'j cents. An cild maid Uock. .Mass.. in lii'id. Nearly ail of tlie rianie at .\lden in in the nei^'hlimli 1 nieasnred lis and cut our clothes; mother .\merica ari' descendeil from .lohn .\lden of thi' .Maytlower. made Iheni up. Wlieii old eiioiitdi. 1 was sent to the ilistrici The father of the sniiject of this narrative was a lilacksniith. school. Hacli pareiil laiil for the nnmlier of days his voiild ludd. or take in. four-foot wood. The small paiil for a stoidi. such as they wore ahout the nee lunied over! But. if 1 L'ot .i whipping' at si IhmiI. .ind few. my father inaile l«rii-ks. IcMiiperint' the clay in a pit. with ley father fouml it out, he '_'ave me a ^oiid whippin;.'. which a yoke of cattle, and putlini; the (Lay in the nndds hy liaiid. ilid lue iio harm. W'c liad Iwo days' company drilliiiL' in each a man carryiiif; each mold ami diinipin^ it on the yard. Not t( wn or lownsliip eacdi year ami a general trainiuj;. at wliii-li only did he make liricks. hut he also did mason work. The all soldiers in all the townships ill the county iiathereil. This year 1 was horn he luiilt a two-story hriek lionsi'. .\ small was a m-neral holiday for all the people in the connt.v. I'eddlers miirlde sl.ali set in the front showed th:> date to he Octohcr fioni diflereiit states attended and sidd their wares. On siudi .S. 1,S"_'.">. My Ki'eat-^'randfalhi'r on my niorher's siile cul a a d:iy my father would ,i.'ive me -'< cents to spi'ud. That was road from Calskill lo \\'indhaiii. a distance of L'S miles from as much lo me then as a tlioiisand dollars would he to Ihi- .North Itiver. and there Imill a lo;; house. Hi' was in the me loda,\. I w.mlil purchase a card of ;.'in;.'erhn'ad. .-i plate of Krencli and Indian war, also in tln' Kevoliitionary war. Four pickled ilaius, a vial of winteijireen essence, a lead pencil, a of his hoys were with hiiii in this work. This done, he re p;iir of w.iodeii pocket conilis. etc. 'nn-re would lie sweat- turned to Cimnectieiit for his family, lie vid them in a hoards with six tif.'iires. ou which you cmihl put your money, if liimher waj,'on. with a yoke i>f cattle, Imt hy ihe time hi' yon wished to try your luck at a ;;ame id' cliauce. The man- got back to Windham the Indians had lorn down his loy a;;er would throw the dice into a eilii. and if the iiumher came lieusel So he had to put up another. I rememlier seein;; hiiii up the same as that upon which your money was placed, you when I was .a hoy. His son. iny jirandfalher, had a farm and w dji. .\t our L'eiierai training; a mail had a loulelte lalde. the store; he made potash, kept a tavern and hail a hlacksniiih fust 1 ever saw. I had two pennies left, so I put mi a penny .sl.op; also, he was a (Jeiieral in the War of ISIL'. Three of his ;ind won .".O pence. The next tiling' 1 knew I had losi .ill 1 had! Ill others kept taverns. .\!l had farms, kept stores and made 'i'hat was the last and only time I ever gauihled. except throw- in lash. Two of Ihein had ilislilleries. For a liiishel of ashes ing pennies into a hat for chiikens and turkeys. The year tlcy paid lli;/. cents. All the people had lar«e tireidaces. hum- 1>'4(I-41 my fathi'r sent me to an academy in Delhi, in the ail- ing cord-Wood. Of this there was aliundaiice. They were glad joiniii!; county. Nearly every county liililt a log cahin the to gel rid of it. In clearing their land all the wood had to ye;ir General William Henry Harrison was elected I'resideul. he hurued off. -My father, aftir learning his trade, went to .\t the close of my lirst term at Hellii .Vcademy I returned \\ imlhain and hired out lo work for (Jeneral (Jehiel Tiillle. hiiiie for ihe vacation. Coaches-aud-foiir ran, .it llial lime. and afterward married llis eldest daughter, while working for tioni Calskill lo liliac-i. through Delhi, laiiying the mail, him. He was drafted in the War of IMJ; he look his Idaiiket They h.ft Delhi at midnight. .\s il made me sick to ride in- and sl.-iited for Long Island, whither he had heeii ordered to side. I got on with the driver. There were three passengers reporl, al .i point near the .Navy Yard. lie was made an inside. Bef.ire we got out of I leliii ihe driver fell asleep and Knsigii. ill ISUt. by Daniel D. Tomkiiis. (ioveriior. 1 possess droiiped the lines! He had heeii out with a liiinordealer the the epaulets he wore. His father ii.sed to keep a store in day before. I picked up the lines and drove, seven miles, to .Massaehnsells. and he built vessels. 1 possess an account book the next iM>.stoMice. Here the driver woke up and drove to of his. of the dale of 17(MI. where I lind he sold more gill the next stage house. .\fler leaving Delhi my father hiri'il than ealieo. He came to Cairo, (ireeiie Cnuiiiy. N. Y.. and m.. out l le Hardenbiirg. a general nienhaiit al Calskill. purchased a farm. .My father's brother. Charles, went as a the coiuity seat of (Jreeiie County at that time. -V railroad dniiiiiner boy in the War of 1-S12. He afterward becanw :in had been built from Schenectady to Catskill, where, for the Kpisi opal clergyman, and was apiioiuted chaplain in the Navy. tiisl time. I saw a loeomolive. It was soon thrown aside, how- ELIEZER COBB TAYLOR. / MARY MATILDA TAYLOR. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 217 ('\pr. illid Ileuses were used. 1 wiis to miiiiiii lliiur yuiiis Willi tliis miTcliiiiit. The hrst yriu- I was to iiMoivc !f2r> anil hcianl: tlio next. $."i(l ami Imaiil: tlic third, .year. .$7."i ami lioard. Ili' (■l!iiiii(.>d to lif a Cliiistiaii and liad stock in llic liaiik iIuti . and was a inriidii'r of tlit' Diitili Ki'foiincd Cluifrli. Mr ilid very littlo Imsim-ss in the stoii'. and wonid swonr liki- a |>irat<', so I oiil.v stijcd with him two wwks. My hrothcr, .Iiilins. was a drover, and came (o Catskill to draw money from tlie hank to purchase eattlc. I went hiiine with him. A[ that time al! the cattle and sheep were driven from the West to the North River, then shipped in lioats for New York City. In the same way lai^e Hocks of turkeys were hrotmht on from tlic West. When lironght to New York, the sheep were ki'iit at the foot of what is now Park Kow, and the cattle at the upper end of the Kowiiy. rnadiilteiated whiskey was sold for 2.S cents a gallon. No hcer in this country at that time. My fi'.ther had sold the tools in the shop to Daniel Tiittle. who had workeil for him many years, and whose seeend son l.ccainc an Kpiscoiial Bishop. My fallnr had purchased a farm, so I lemained home and helped him, tending a saw mill he hail rtnted in the winter. \l thai time hemlock lumher sold in (""atskill for iSS per M.. and it took two days to go there and hack. One winter my father made sawn hemlock shini^les. I I'Uiicheil them al ni;;hts. .\iiolher winter he made matches, in cards. I used to help pack them after school. \t first they sold for I'tl shilliiifis (.'i!2.,jO) a gross, nie price fell to ."> shillings. Then he ipiit mak'iig them. He often made more money in the wiiili r lliaii he did in the summer on the farm, and ii was lieltci fill- his liuys to lie keiit liusy. .My father's next neighhor w:is a tavern; hut it was no place for him. He was Justice of the Peace for 25 .vears and kept the iinlilic school library. This library was quite an extensive .ifl'air. It was afterward sold. I have some of the hooks now in my pos- session. Father took a weekly paper, published in Alli.iny: he also took Ilariier's Masaziiie, when first priniiil. He was after- ward appointed one of the .ludses in the ('uiinly ('iiiin by Govern. ir William H. Seward. I have thi' commission he re- el ived. It is dated February 7, lS4(i. These were some of our advantages. 1 have boiled maple sap all night in the woods. My father again hired me out: this time to a linn in Prattsville, for my board. I slept in the store ami made my own bed. The postotlice was in the store. I boarded with (Pile of the tiriii. Twii iif the linn owned the largest tannery in the I'liiteil States, The store supplied all the goods for the ciMpliyces. 1 measured the bark that came in by teams, -Vll the beef and pork came in from the West, It was cut up and packed dowii in the store. Most of the Irish in the coun- try worked in tanneries. There were no Uoman Catholic churches in the country. Their children attended the coiumon schools, and liecame some of our best citizens. Some, who drank too much, would rap on my window where I slept Sun- day inuniings, and wmild want to borrow two shillings. They always paid it back. 1 drew up a temin-rance pledge that winter, and most of the Irish signed it. 1 headed the list, and it was the only one 1 ever signed. That winter there was a dancing school in the public house, which stood next to the store. The store firm gave me the income from the hay scales: this paid my tuition in the dancing school. We took turns going after girls and taking them home. We paiil two dollars a night for a team and long sleigh. I never got drunk and 1 never used profane language in my life— a common thing in those days, a habit, like all other bad habits. 1 stayed at Prattsville but six months, nie partner wiih «h..iii I l.oanlid had a nei)hew, who wanted my place. I had pun based the cloth for an overcoat and tiie trimmings, all amounting to $i:!. They gave me that. One partner was a County ,Iudge. So. afterward, wh"n he would have to go to court, he would send for me to coinc and lulii in the store, .\fter heliiing my father in the haying lime and the full coming on. I commenced plan- ing haml-bellows boards fur a man by the name of MnttheWK. I reci'ive.l a certain sum imt doz<'ii. M> predei^esKor earned 7." eel IS a dav. I worked harder and made a dollar a day. Then my employer cut i lown per dozen, so that I conM oidy make 'Tt cents per day. I worked hiirdi-r and longer and got up to a dollar i day again. .Vgaiii he cut the prin* |ht ilozeii! Then I i|uit. In the winti-r my brother Julius and n man of I'le nime of Sopi'r, who maile lather Inixes in the same shop in which my father maile shinL'le> and matches: also, where .Matthews had made hand-bellows boards ami button molds, went into partiierslii|i, W<' hired a saw mill and a man to cnl hard maple logs, Julius tended the saw mill, Soiht cut out the boxes in the roui:li. I. with hired Ihivs, Turned and finished them up. 1 have iiirned unt :>■'> dozen in a day by working till 10 o'clock p. in. We lost two klll-drycrs fidl of hard maple b.\ lire. The building we put n|i was a cheap one, and we had but ,111 old sh'-'et-iron pipe in which to build a fire. We sold 2(MI dozen lallier boxes for l.S cents a ilozeii. They were varnished, and loiiking-glass<-s were put in them. We had to cut these glasses out of large looking-ghisses, such as are found in furniture stores. We also made iidincco boxes. My brother and niysidf, each, cleared fl-'iO ill six iiionths. Kiit father boarded us free of charge. These lather boxes sold ut 2t"> cents apiece, retail. I have now a lather box and a loliai box which we made. In l.SJ,"! I went to live with and work for U. (!, Morss, who lived at Kead Falls, nine miles wont of my lather's, on the same turnpike. lie had a lanuery. grist iiiill, store, foundry and saw mill. If 1 slayeil only si.\ monllis. I was to have .$24 and iiiy board; if a year, I was to have SVI. I stayed one year, I tended store, measured all the tan bark in the woods and took care of a span of horses. 1 boardeil with Mr. Miu-ss, .\lso, I ran liipior in the tannery when the fore- man was away, tended the grist mill three weeks when the miller lett until he got another, papered and painteil in the lu w house he built. While there I hcliH-d also the car- penters: and 1 took a span of horses and a liimlier wagon and drove n ith three Irishmen, a mason and an uncle of Mr. .\Iorss to Carbondale, Pa. He was partner with a half-brother ill a tannery there. I took ."P.jlKJ to this haif-brother, who had n arried an aunt, on my mother's side. 1 slept with another half-brother of my eniphiycr while with him. I went down the east branch of the Helaware Kiver, and returneil tlii-oiigh Walton and Delhi, on the west br.inch. While in CarlMiii- dale I went down to Wilkesbarre to see the monument built there ir. memory of the inhabitants that were massacreil by the Knglish and Indians in the Uevolulionary war. It was sixty miles from Carbondale. I hired a horse and top-wagon for ."|!2 a day, and stopped each way at Slocum Hollow for diniu'r. There was only one house, a tavern: it was where the lily of ScranI low stands. .Viiotlier day 1 went to Houcsdale, on the (Jravity Coal IJailway. They put horses in the cars to draw them part of the way. From that plan- they conveyed by canal to the Hudson Kiver: the iM.als each held about 8tt Ions. I brought back a load of coal to (Jnconta. 1 was to sell it there at a foundry, but tin'y had just got a load. So 1 left it at the side of the road. I bi ght back an Irishman with me. a "bean-hand." At .Moresville I put on a load of pine lumber and took it to Uead Falls, 1 hail many narrow escapes from te.iins running away while living with P.. C, .Morss. I drove his team all night in going to .New York City. I made two trips in one wwk. I iiime up the HuiL-'oii Kiver th-' night the Swallow ran on the rocks, op- posite Athens. .Many passengers were drowned. I went on h( rseback collecting bills and subpoenaing witnes.scs np in the P.ig Indian and Andes, where but few iieople lived. I was caught out in the winter in snowdrifts in Chiseatom. where living located Kill Van Winkle. Kefore my year was up I 218 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. .■i!.ki-i] C B. Miivss if he wiiiiid gel iiic a iilacc in New i'mk lu.at was at Cincinnati when I Ktt llnir. \Vc Iniil nu\\ l.> City. He aski^il iiir if I ilid not want to stay with him. I ji uincy 31)0 miles to Little Itock. the capital nf llic Si.iti'. said yes. if he wanted me. I wa.s not L'l years old: so went There were hut five iulialiitants. Wood was nscil f.n- fuel ..n home, and my father and I lliuUKht I oii^ht to have Sl.->ll for the hoat. At one iila<'e the slaves owned the w.«pd and .sold .•inether year. I went hack and tolil hin:. lie talked lor hours. it to the captain. On the .Mississippi slaves, fniods and pas- si'yinc ho.v i'heap he used lo work, and he said I was learnins; sensers \\eri> theii- ( iryo. H,i.\peit to learn so to feed the slaves. I''ive of these slaves wiinid nel il.. llie much tin- ne.\t year. While ndlectinf; for him I slept in a loj; w first and only c.isi' and childreii. .all in ene runni. The next d.iy saw Ihnks of of delirium tremens. If Ihey were nnikinjr inone.v, my lather turkeys. Stotijied ov m- riifrlu at .a hi;; Imuse which Innl a mem was jroiuK to purchase an interest fur me. I'oiind they were nverheail. whiili wi' reached liy mi'.ins nf a ladiler. .\ eandi- iiot: .so they paid me .$12 pi'r month and hoard. Tlieu 1 liirnl dale foi- (iovenior sh'pt in the same lomu. 1 mi't his oppont'lit out to my hriither .liilius to drive cattle for him. He was ai Italesville. Se|itemlier ■J4. .\t all the places where I stojiped lo pay me .fli'l pi'r month and my hoard. I was to furnish some niemhers id" the family hail fever ami a^'ue. My farm n.y own house. 1 paiil •$S."> for the house: the first one I ever of Hill .acres w.is >eveii miles from Hatesville. (Jot there owned. I drove in five droves ot cattle to Catskill and one to l,cfore dark; found Ihiee acres cleared ami two lo« houses .Newhur^lh: this one he purchased at (ieiieseo. 1 was 'S.< days nn it. In most pl.accs llie trees were irirdled and icnii iil.anti'd on the road: the others lie purchased in Cheiian;;o. Sleuhen lietween them. The old ^.-enllcinan who had hid it in for and Cortland connlies. .N. V. Sometimes I i-arricd as niiicli as taxes lived in one of the houses. He h.id heen once well .■s-.'.iKHI in my pocket to him. sleeping' in laru'e hallrooms. which ,,|T; |,iit now wa< jiooi-. The wonn-n folks spun and made all .all laverns had, .and in which theie would lie .a nnmher id' i heir clot lies, and the n's clotlu^s. from cotton. They never hills. I used t et his partner .-it Catskill and deaver tie- cleared oft' the tahle till il was time for another meal. Thi'y cattle io him. He would ;.'ive me checks to ;;et inone.v at lived on corn lucid and pork Their ho.irs r,iii wild in the Ihe Pratlsville hank to lake to .Inlius. On the fourth drove woods. I remained there one week. Then a nephew of his he pave me checks which t!:e li.ank would not cash. So my came, whose father lived in Missonri. The yoniiL' man had r:ither endoi-sed the checks. I took the moiii> to .Inlius and enlisted in the .Mexic .in war for three moiitlw. Hi> lime w.is lolil him I should not come .ipain. .My u'rainlrather. cm my up :inil he was on his way home; so 1 took his horse and left father's side, received KMI acre, of land, in the Slale of .\r- him mine. They p.ave me .SKI, in silver— .Mexican half-dollars ki.usas. from Ihe Covernment. lor his serviics in the Uevo- ^,„\ ,„„. week's hoard and I L'ave him a died of the Hill acres liilionary war. He sold il to m.< r.ither. He li.id alie.uly paid ,,|- i;,,,,]. The land was Kood. Inn ic.vered with ;.'iini trees. ,\t *.S0 for lax.'s. .My father pave me a deed of it. and I went out U.-Ucsville there were two merchants from .Massachusetts. 1 there lo sell it. .VI .Mhaiiy I houpht fiv<- tickil> to Itntlalo. I ,., ,ild tell a .Northerner as soon as I saw him. I honpht a was two days ami iim- iiipht imikinp the trip to UnlTalo. The j-irge phip of tohacco at their store. They wanled to know rails on Ihe road were strap-rails. Then I took a lioal on L,ike when 1 was poiiip to start for .Memphis, which was -Jdil miles Krie to Sandusky, Ohio. .\t th.il time Cleveland had only ,•,.,,,,, i|„.re, the .ionrne.\ liavinp to l.c' uiade tlncnuh ihree a few houses on the lake shore. At S Insky ihere were hnt sw.amps. Cass. L.inpe and ,Mississippi. .\ I hiph-water the two houses; these were liiiilt on slumps of irees. They had i,,.- rks on the trec-s showed the surface to he l.s feet hiplier liepnn l.nildinp a r,ailway to Cinci ti. 1 went on as tar as |han at that time. I said I was i.. start the next morninp, It.dlefomitain; then took stape to Sprin^dield ; tleii lo lailwa.v 'ihc.y said a yoiinp ni.iii of the iiaiiie of Uudolph Ic^fl there lo Cincinnali, (oil there ahoul 2 o'clock p. ni.. Seplemlier S. ,1,,,, |,|,„.|,i„j;, and was poiup to stay that iiipht at one of the IN4T. Took ouinil.ns to a lio:il ihat was to Ic.ive at .'. |i. m. .Mapnis's on the White Kiver. .-iiid nrped Mw to po thai day. as •| hey lijid sle.im lip. They charped the same pric.' lo the moulh i wamld m^ver pel thronph alone. They had so much lo say of the Ohio as to Si. Louis, where ihe ln.at was poiiip: ."i o'clock ,|,.,, [ starleil after dinner and fc.niid him, .Vnil I lldnk if I p m. came, and Ihey let the steam po down. They did not h,ic| not. I wciild have heen w.iyl.iicl ludore I pot thronph. Oe- li ave for Ihrei- days: .Vfler slarlinp at ."i p. m.. I he ihird da.x . |,,|„.,. o m, ]u,v^,- -ot scared amoiip the cone hreakers and ihe diniiii.- tahle heinp cleared, cards were l.ronphl out l.y the |„cU,. i|„. hiidle. Kndolpli :rot a cpiart lioltle of peach lirandy: l.arleiider. .New p.aiks of cards were hronu-hl on at each i i,,<-nded the liridle with pap,i hark. Ilis father came to panic. l..n-.'e •^iims were het. There w.is plent.v of liquor on ,M,.mphis from riiiladelphia, and he set up .a slon. in .Mem- '"""'• ' -■■" "I' '" ^''"' •'"■'" ''" - "■eh.ck a. 111. When wc |,|,j^ Vounp Uudolph started out pcldlinp. He went to Van •••'■'■''■'■'' '" ''"■ '"'' '■'■ '"''" ""■'■'■ "■'■'■'' uihlinps i..„,,.„. „, that time in the ImLan Territorv: made several trips: there. We had lo slay he wharf hoal. We took auoth..r ,,,,,,„, ^, ,,|^„,„.,,-, ,p,„;..|,ier. and had a store at Van I'.nren. Ileal to po down the .Mississippi. While wailinp. saw .a man ,, ,. ,. .• . ..• lie was now on his wa\ to .Meiiiphis lor ■_'ood<. \\ c were tour who had a hoal in whii-li he sohl poods. He had lanphl iwci . , , , , , , , ,. , . ,. ,_ , clavs L'oini; 1 hi iiiii;li. 1 Inel a had hcidailic the lourtli niorn- calhsh, one weiphmp l.ill pounds, Ihe -Mississippi was verv I I 1- . 1 1 II I I I I , . il'-. am! I persuaded him to po on. as lu' 'ould pet to .Meiu- l.w. 111 Kentucky I walked seven miles ahead ot the hoat when sh.. ran aproiind. We landed at Indiamipidis, the ml, '''''^ "''■" ''"'' ^ '""'"" '"" -" ""' "'' =' "''"' "" ="'''-""" "'' "'J' ol the .\rkansas Itiver. Sl.iyc.l there over Sunday. .Mtended '" '"' •""' ''••"'^ ="'"■ '""■ '•"■'H.^- ' '•'""■ '■' •' !''■" ■' '•'I''''! "''l- .Milhiidis! nieelinp in the Court Ilous<-. .\ hiinl.'r canu> and '''•''• ''"'nre w.is a loir i,iv.rii and a small Iol- store. Tiny led my stood ill the door with panic he had killed with his pun. o'olock for South -Vmliuy: took Imi.ii to .Vow Vork ("ity, arriving at 11 a. in.: saw my lirothor. Took lioat for Catskill at ."> p. m. .Vrrivod at Catskill at '.'> a. m. ne.xt day. Took stage to Wiudhani and arrived home Deoemlior '2?>. 1S47. .\ lioy glad to see his n;othor! .Vt that time if a person laughed when they talked they wore s.aid to bo foolish. But now it is the fashion. It was a long time b-foro I was ablo to do any work. The no.\t fall I iitliiic in •W.IMH). So we went back by tho wny of I'ionnoni: nnd father l"ft mo there to clear od the land and run u saw mill on the luoporty. 'Ihis was in ,)iine, l.slil. In .Inly my hroilier .Iilliiis came down with a span of horses, n oariwHter and l.clp. We Avent on :iiiil put u|> 1.">(» feet of ilie tannery boanl- ing house, in which w ,• bonrdod, and n store, rut hides in Ihi- pit, .lanuary. l.s.-i(i. .luliiis and I to have JltHi n year nnd one- third inloresl in the store. The store was condiu ted under the firm name of L. H. Alden iV: Sons. Father broiighl my mother down to Ci.rbond.'ile. twolvi miles off. to visit her sister. Wo had heavy storms in .luiie and July, which filU-d a dam Ik-- I ■iiging to the 1). and H. Canal Company, covering IKtO nercs of laud, on the V 1 ilo Oak, so that it ran over. It wns only one luiU' above the laiiM ly. .\ly father and I worked there till aft. r niiilniglit. pnlling up planks nnd dirt ngninst them. He took r. Sanger. He got there about "J a. m. Father's feet wore cold. He died at 11 ji. iii. Sunday. The hoiuooopathio doctor had killed him! lie had taken up the pri'ttice of modicine, as others did at that lime, witliont sliiily- iiig or attending lectures. Homoeopathic physicians nre very difTiiont now. Wi- had a cherry eoinn. The undertaker came .1 mill' and :i half to lay him out. and tiHik the corpse twidve uiih's with a hearse and a span of horses lo Aldeiivilli. — the postoHii'o naiiied after my fnlhei — for $15. This was on August 7. IfCiO. My brother James. .M. Ii.. did not get there until after our father was buried. We purchased his and our mother's interest; then Julius T.. T. Zadcock I'ratt and myself formed a eo-pnrtnership for five yo.-irs. under the name of I'ratt & Alden; I'rnlt owning oi>e-!ialf and we eacli one-fourth. All the money we used we paid 7 per cent, for every three months at the I'rallsville b::nk. We purchased more wihl land, for the bark that was on it. .My first visit to Niagara Falls was when (leneral Win- tiolil Sci It w.is pollinated for President. They had i lelebru- tion at Lundy's Lane. There wore so few hou.sos at the Fails that we had to go to Buffalo to stay, nights. There was then but one carriage bridge across llio river at the Falls. There V ere so few cms that people rode on top, their feet hanging down the sides, of course. On October 18, IS.'i;;, Julius T. .VIdoii m.irried ISoxy A. KiLinoiis. of Oneontn. N. Y. The tai'iiery iuisiness was poor. We got in debt J.'iO.OlMl for build- ings and laud imrchasod. Our mother died March 7. 1!C>4. We did not know her worth till she was gone! We biirieil her iM'sido our father. Put her iiaine on the tombstone we h.id put up for oiir father. Put an iron fence around their graves and a hemhick hedge outside of that. Jlay, 1H."i4, sold my half-interest in store to I>. W. Kminons, J. T. Al- ilon's wife's brother, and built a grist mill below the tannery, and added to tannery down the stream, nnd purchnsod .'Pli».(M«i of Stock in Ilonesdale Bank. August r>. l.S.">.">, gave Z. I'ralt .S^O.IKMt. to give us o'liial thirds' interest in the business. April ■J. 1S.5(;. gave Julia P. Inger.-oll S.'itl.lNKI for her half-interest in the tannery. .May 27. 1H-"i7. I married Ixiis M. Strong, of Woodbourn. N. Y. Took her sister. Hatlio. with lis to Ningnra I.ills. Had a sail on the ".Maid of the Mist." a sniull sleaiuer plying oil ihe river below the Falls. Having se<'n all the sights there, we crossed over the Niagarn Suspension Bridge by carriages, and took railroad enrs to l^ewislon. Tliere we took boat nnd proceeded down the river to Lnke Onlario; ill wn the hike and the St. Lnwreiiee Uiver to Montreal; no brid'-'c there then. The streets were narrow nnd the French lang'.iage was in use. Thence we proceeded to Lake Chnni- 222 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. ricin. Siir:itii;r;i Sjiriiurs. Ti|ii d at New York. It was dnrinj; tl.c iianii- week of l.STi". I imivliascd a piano and fnrniluri- for my lionse. at aliont halt price. April Hi. IS.'iS. I paiil .1. T. Ahlon .IJCO.dOO for his interest in the Aldenville tann.>ry and the rnimidale tannery, which wo had just pnrehaseil. one- tiflh eaih. The .Vldenville tannery was then 413 feet long, -III feet wide, liesides the leaehos. and two and one-half stories hi::h. One :.fleri;ooii the liark mill broke ilown. It was some- thin;; the earpc-nters and lil.ieksniiths eonid not I'x. So I went to Carliondale. twel-e mi'.es off. anil irot tlie foreman in the foniidry up out of I'ed. He fixed it. and I got liaek to the t.innery the iiexl morning.'. We stojiped the liark mill at 12 I 'eloek Saturday nights and start.Ml at'ain at 12 o'clock Sunday iii^'hts. We ;:i-oiind 7.(HK) cords of tan liark one year at the Aidenville tannery. Krie Kailroad ehariLred 7 cents per hide or side to N'arr >wsliurBh. I'latt ainl Alden had 20.(KK) hides at Nariowslinr;r!i at one time. Kroni ("atskill. l>y lioat, they clnnjied one-hair i-ent per hide. The dislanie to New York was aliont the sanu' as from .\arrowslnn;;h. August 2."), IS.'iS. I ;;ot a ;>iece of the first ocan calile from on hoard the "Ni- a;:ai'a." in Vew York llarhor. .ifter her retnrn. I have a piece al my house now. .May '2't. IS.'i.S. I \v:is appointed rostmaster ar .Vlilen'iJIc. The same year look my wife lo New York; I'len to C-itskiM: hired horse and wairon and went to (.'.liru. Saw my Grandinollnr .\lil"i; at Iiiele "Liali's." She was then !K: years of a^"'. Took her some strawberries: then drove to the "Mountain House." This was the .second time I had visilei! tiiat noted place. Then to the Falls and ihiwn the t'love to ("atsUill. Took the steaml.oal South .Vuu'rica to New York. Then my wife and I wi-nt to Woodlionrn. .lanuary 2.">. TSliii. I purihased one-third of Way rl tannery. In 1Sli2 went to Koston. Iirin;:in'.' hack .">(• liales of IlulTalo liides. lielongiliK to S. S. .\rnold. to tan. 1 arranged to tan lor liiin thereafter llt.llllll to 1 ."il I.I II II I hides a year. Wliile In Mosl.in visited Btinker Hill moiinment .inil I'anenil llall. Ilii Sumlay 1 attended services at the Olil South Chunli. W'liii fl.iwii lo I.ornlon Ilock. whei" the tea was thrown overho.ird lieforc the Kevolutionary war; visited the State House anil the Com- mon. We were in the midst of the Civil War. On returning; to New York. I found dealers all disconrased: Iiusiness was at a standstill, .\pril 2ii. purchased floods at Stone and Hi.Kon House. .May 2:!. left New York with my wife for Woodlionrn. .\. Y: llieii hy lioal lo .\lli.iiiy and liy cars to Little Falls. .liMie .'J. .1. T. and wife and myself and wife went to Fm- leonslini'^h. Herkimer County. .N. Y.. and caujrlit a larue uum- lici of small Irout. .\u'_'usi 11. ;:ave .SHKI for volunleers In Ihe war. .\u;rust Hi, ^ave .f.'llll toward volunteers. Huill ;.'ri cnliouse .ind lias works for house and store. On the l.'ltli of Sepleiulier sold one-half the store at .Vldenville lo H. .1. Allien, a cousin. Oitolii i 17. purchased hides in New York. Noveiiilier 12. issued 2.IIIIII shinplasters of the denominalions ."i. 111. 2.'i and .'ill cents, lespc-ctively : these I.. H. Alden and 11. .1. .\lden sifined. and used for change. Silver had disap- peareil and change was scarce, .lanuary 2li. ISIH. purchased ;">(! acres of coal land for the liark that was on it. in Carlion- dale. for the Waymart tanm-ry. and on the 27th a car of gr.ite coal at Wayinarl for $!•: there wi^re S,2IIII pounds. Al this time, also, paid .$.SIKI for a siilistitute for the war. Everytliiii;; was low. It was a hard time I'm' those families whose hus- lianils had lieen drafted. Feliruary 111, !,'ot hides in New York lo i.'in for .s cents, "joint." In 1SI12 we could not got .IJX ci Ills. Fi'lirnary 17. purchased :!.2(H) ounces of quinine, on speculation, of VVilliii'ii Harkh-y, in New York. He was killed in Passaic, al ihe lime Speer's liiiildiiig was Idowii down in Wasliin;;loii placi'. .March 1. >ol.l Uciny .1. .\ldeii oue-iiuarler interest in Aldenville tannery— style. I.. H. .Udcii iV < 'o. .Mavrli 12. Honesdale i.'as hou.se lilew up. 1 held .$2.;;7."i of llie stmk. Il list me ^!l!t7. May '■'. I srdd llie iiuinine together, clearing .•fl.ililii. I got half. Oil the 27tli i left for Woodbonrne. t.\k- iiig my wife am! children: also, my cousin and hired girl and I wo span of horses and carriages. Out to WiMidlionriic iicxl day. .Tunc 2. left for Kingston with wife. Fannie .\ldcn ami Lizzie A. .VIden. Took boat to .\lbany: ilnii cars in I.itilc Falls, then by cars to Loikporl : lliiri back lo Lillle Falls, where we took carriage up lo Kninionsluirgb to a laiinrry in Herkimer Count.v: went a-tishing and cauglit 2IMI troul. .Iiinc 14. took a thousand hides from New York to tan. at HI cents per pound. Left for Albany, took bo.it for Catskill and carriage up to Cairo: then to Freehold: then to Wiudhani. where I was horn. S.iw H. O. Morss and Zadock I'ratt. and called on other old neighbors. Found it very dift'erent from what it used lo be. when I left. September. ^S■^i\. Prove back to Saugerties. then lo Woodbourn. Gold was now selling for !i;285. Some months I paid !p3.- .iiid myself ami wife left for Clcvelniul. todk steamer Keweenaw for SuiH-rior City; stopped at Detroit and wmt across the river to Windsor. Canada: then tlironsli Lake St. Clair and River St. Clair: stopped at outlet of Lake Ilnron: then up throii;;h Ljike ITurt>n to Sault St. Marie: went throusli the Sault to I..ake Superior. Steamer stoppeil at Pietnre IJoiks and Afrate Island. Then lo .Maniuotte, the Iron Mines: then to Ilonirhton. t\w copper mines: stopiK>d at I'ortane Lake. Copper Ilarlior. Kafrli' Harbor: irot specimens of cojiper. We leil Cli'vcl.iiid. Ohio. thc> H;ili ..f .luly. and arriveil at Su- l)erior City .Inly 'S.\. Found plenty of Indians and half-breeds there. Took :in liulian laiuie anil rowed five miles to where Kululh now is. I'leiity of :nosi|\iitoes and lar^e flies. There Were loiii; plank walks out to the cemetery, four miles away. .Vbout five !,'ood houses amonj; the 2(H). Kverythins dead. No business: but i>nce was. They had a bank in which I lost some .*1.."ilHl. (iot mosi|iiito nets for our heads. Left for St. Paul, .Minn., in .n lumber wagon. There were seven pas- st ngers. Sta.ved one night at Moose Lake; slept in log house: next day driver got drunk; team got stuck in the mud; we « alked si.x miles to Deer Creek; stayed overnight in log house: had plenty of venison and fish: luet Indians: hired a wagon and team the next ir.orniiig: took dinner at Cross Lake. Saw Indians in their native state: stayed all night in log house. Left next morning in foiir-horse hack, at B o'clock. All woods. Took dirtier at Ceulerville, which was laid out for a large city. Arrived at St. I'anl at 7 o'clock, p. lu. Had traveled 33 miles, anil «•■ were tired. Next d.-iy left by cars for Minne- apolis. St i|.ped for diniu v at Minnehaha Falls. Saw the Fall of St. Anthony. Oidy lumber manufactured there. At that time Minneapolis had been settled sixteen yeais. There were l>m few houses: but some were of brick and good. Saw- ox teams and a long string of Indian carts. Went back by cars to St. Paul: then took steamboat down the Mississippi to Kenknck: passed through Laki I'ippen; large and thriving towns each side of river -Clinto;i, Pavenport and Uoi-k Ish.ud. We stoj.ped at CalciKi ni Sunday. Cords of lead wore taken on beard as freight. Then was a band of inusi<' .iboard. Young people in the town came aboard and had a dance. We were three days on the river, (grossed the river to Illinois; got a quantity of goods. One day wife and self took ears to Xauvoo. Saw .Toseph Smith's widow. The temple was almost demolished. There were a quantity of brick buildings, partly built. Got a bottle of wine from the widow. Left by railroad the 8th of August for Allegheny. Stoppeil and got the chil- dien, I,i-'.7.:e atid .Tr.mts, and came home by railroad, and \ cry tired. May, 1808, left for Rochester and Loekporl, N. Y.; thence for Littl? Falls and Albany, and New York City. .Iuiu». paid $;{8.li(MI for fiO acies of land in Bergen County, N. .i. Siptembir "JS, Sister Ilallii. wife and .self went to Bristol by steanier; theme to I'rovidence and Boston. There .loseph and Carolii^e Alden ji ined ns; we went to Plymouth Rock. tJot a piece of the rock; went through I'lymonth Hall; saw the Bible .lohn Allien bro.ight over from lOngland; saw the gun King I hilip, the Iiulian chief, was shot with; looked over the old rcttrds; s:'W the original burying ground, where the.\ buried thoir dead after the Mayflower returned to England. Then we returned to Boston and visited all places of interest there. Took s'.eamer for Portland; hired a carriage and drove aroimd town. It was just after the great fire. Saw Neal Dow's tan- nery The tide here rises l(j feet. Took steamer for St. .lohn's; stipi ed at Fast I'ort: a gieat place for herring. Saw the long dray> a' East Port. Had to go down a ladder to get off boat at .St. John's The tide here rises u" feet. Went t > Catholic Cathedral and Preslyterian Church on SuiiiJay. Took steamer above the Falls for Fredericktou, the capital of New Brunswick. The steamer burned wood; all freight and pas- sengers came aboard in small boat. Visited the Episcopal C.ithedral: lor>ked around: then back to St. .Tohn's. Fulls ill nioiilh of St. .Tolin's River, :M> feet high. Took steamer to \Vind.sor; tiile (M) feet there. TiMik cars for Iliilirax: ex- cliamred .$2iKI in greeiiback-i for EngliNli gold, at the rate of ~2 cents on the dollar. Visited the Cathedriil in centre of the tow Ill other phic.'s of interest; had idk incut. Took cars for Pielon; then steamer for Prince I'^lwiird's Island. Called on I'nited Stales Consul: looked around the island: hail to stay there five days; then biii'k to Pieloii, where we tiMik sicaiiier to gnebec. .Stopped ill principal places on the Si. Lawrence Bay. On the fifth day arrived at (Quebec. Heavy storm and I sick most of the way! IJiielMs- hud tli<-ii five gates by which it was entered: visited llie Calhedral. the poor- li( use and jail. Drove over to the Falls of Mmit reney. till' Heights of Abrahaiii and to the |iarade grounds of the English soldiers. Kxchaiiged SlTiO in greenbacks for gold and silver at 72 and 7."> cents for a dollar. Timk steamer up the St. Lawrence River to Montreal: visited the diflerent nun- neries; drove around the mountiiiii and to Notre Dame Cn- thi'dral: saw the Cathedral bell: it weighs 24.S70 pounds. There were two towers- -a set of chimes in one. Took ears for Plattshurgh; steamer to Whitehall: then ears to Sam- toga: visited the different springs: saw Crown Point. Then took cars to .Vlbany and steanier to New York. Clad to gel to Passaic. November, ISdS. purchased half of Moiinl Pleas- ant tannery, $]il,(l(MI. Deii-mber 27. my brother, .luliiis T. Allien, died at Little Falls, N, Y. He was buried there. So I am the only cue left of my father's children. I think father, mother and my two brothers have gone to heaven, wh'-re I intend to meet them. February 1, 1.876, myself and wife, Louis Ma.v, wife's mother and Sister Hallie h-ft for Floridtj, by way of Philadeliihia. Stayed overnight in Balti- more. Saw ai! the sights in that place. 'Hieii to Washington: s] ( nt a da.v looking round. Then to Richmond; saw all places of i!iteii"-t there. Then to Wiliiiington; stayed overnight there. Then to Chaileston- saw all the sights there. Thence lo Sa- vannah; lookeil aroitnd there. Thence to .laeksonville: looked around there. Took boat up the river to Tocoi; thence bj" rail to St. Augustine; saw deer in the woods: saw all that was lo be seen there: then back to Toi-oi: thence up river to Pulaski: hioked arimtid theie: then boat to Lake Monroe; saw large alli- gators; stopped at Enterprise: went five miles to orange and lemon groves. Took Louis May with me. .She iiicked oranges Ir.im the trees. Thin back by boat to .laeksonville. Left n'..i||ier-in-!aw and Hattie at Pulaski. Took ears for Sa- vannal!; looked arouml there. Then to Cobiiiibia. South Caro- lina, Charlotte, Salisbury, Lynciiburgh. ^Limissu. Saw the house Stonewall Jackson was taken to after he was shot; Alex- andria. Washington to Baltimore. Had to slay there over Sunday. Then home to I'as.saie, the 21st of February. On the 18th of September following, my wife, !..izzie A., wife's ..ister. Hattie, and her cousin, Anna Morss, went to Philadid- pliia ■■Centennial Fair." Stayed fifteen days. October !t. l>M)k .lames S. to the Fair; stayed fifteen days and alleiided some of the theatres in Philadelphia. Took Lizzie A. and J.imes S. to Carbondale: went into the mines; also, lo (.Seneva, N. Y.: Watkin's tJlen, Syracuse: saw the s;ilt wirks; then to l>ick- port, Niagara Falls; saw all the .sights there. To Lake Cham- plain. Saratoga. Troy; then down North River in day bout lo .New York: then home to Passaic: afterwanl took I.«>uis May and .Mabel Blanche lo Oleau, Loekporl and Tonawaiida: saw the big saw mills there. Then to Niagara Falls: saw all the sights there: look cars and boat to Tonmlo; visited the islainl opposite the city; visited the barracks. Then, by l>oal, down Ontario Lake and the River St. I..awrenee. llirniigli the Uai.ids to .Montreal: saw all the sights there. Then, by cars, to Lake Cl.amplain and I-jike (Jeorge: then lo Saratoga: .saw all the springs and sights there. Then, by eats, to Albany: saw 226 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. all tin- piiiK-ipiil iiliiiTs: visitcil the ww (jipitnl. Took hont to Troy and liaik: tlii'U down Xoi-tli Kivi-i- in day Imat to New York: tlu-ii Ininic. In l.S!i:{ had two liunco men call: one. to sell sliani jrold liricks: one, to liny a farm. Did not ^et <: siiue then memory not Kood: I do not ;.'o tar I'roni homo. 188!)— Took I^otiis May and Maliel Blanche to Carl dale. Seranton. ]8!M»— I tixik them to Buffalo and Cleveland. 1 was looking up liriek niaehinery. Have lieen on the (irand .Jury in Ilonesdale: also, in Talersun: lint the politicians did not want me the second time, roliticians. sa- loons and corporations fxo hand in hand. I'oliticians are the cause of war. in most cases, in all countries. As a j;encral thin;:, tin-y inllnence the drawinj; of jurymen. The saloons make the lomnion soldiers ami some of the officers. I'.-issaic h.'id two road houses in 18(;ri. Now there are Hill saloons, or f;in-mii:s. In truth, we ilo not need more than two l'ooiI pidilic houses. Nearly .f:-!.(l(Ki a day is spi i;t f.ir Kcer and ci;;ars in this city. On account of which wives ami cliililren suffer. The income from licenses would not pay oiu'-lentli of the cost to the county .and (owns. I have seen naturalization l)apers >dlcd oil liy Irishmen, stanipeii wilh a ."i(i-cent piece. If .McClidlau h.-'d hecn ^'ivn, ilie nii'ii lie was promised, the «:ir would have closi^l al "Si'ven I'iTM'S,'" and one liundri'il Ihous 1 lives would have been s.-ivecl. One jiarty is .just as corrupt as the other, ••.\loiu-y makes the ni:ire iio." The wi'althy and unscrupulous pei>ple :iri' llie cause of llie dese- irati it the Saldiath l>ay. The middle cl.-iss, to keep up ap- luaram-e, clo the sami' tiling. This stipports the saloons. If a law cinild lie passed tli:il no manufacl luer or seller of ard-.'iit spirits would lie cliL'ilde to ollice in llie ^rifl ot ilie lieople, il would stop iiiiu-li . m riiiitioii. It llie s.-ime were carried oiil in I'assaic. it would be niioh belier. I'cdil iciaiis will do aiiylliiii'/ to tret nioiie.\ . Tliey will sncrilice Ihe lives of those who li^'ht for their eoiiiiU\. .\\iA then i all llieiii p;itriolic. But so it ;.-oes. .\nd so il alwa.xs will ,l;o where wealth predominates. Teiiiper.'ini e lueii. it hoin-st. ;.'i'l iheir rcw.ird hiM-cafler.' .lilSi;i'll .\|i.\MS. deeeasid. w.is born ill Leeds. Iah: land, .M;irch l.Slh. 1.S41. He came lo the I nited Stales when a mere stripliniu; and swured einployinent with the KoKors liocomotive Works in ratiuson. His niariia;.'e lo .Miss .Mar- ^':.ret ScoUon. who still survives him. on nn-ed .May bstii. bsc;'., and the result of this union was ei^rht children, seven of w lioai are still living'. He moved to I'assaic in ISIi'.l and en;.'a^'ri| in till' business of a f;eneivil contraclor. al w lii.li he made money rapidly ami bon^'hi a farm in Oranire Coiinly. N. V., to wlii-li he moved in l.S7.">. He returned to I'assaii- one yi'ai- later, havinj; lost very heavily in his afiricnitural venture, :ind re sumed his c(umviclinn business to which in l.SSli he adiled a coal business, which blanch is still continueil by his sons. In l>olitii-s he was always a Itepiililican. and Indd the ortices of Secretary of the Board of Health .iiel Keuislrar of \'ita! Statistics during Mayor Howie's lirsl term. lie w.is closelv idiiitihed with Ihe First .Methodist Chun li. .nid al Ihe time of his lUvilh was a steward .iiiil class h-ader. Mr. Adams died Mar<'h liTth. IS'.III, a;.'ed 4',t, a robust .■mil conipiralively ynnic,' man, his death the ri'sull of a live days' illness caused by a stroke of paralysis. i;i.li;Zi;i; cur.r. r.\t>i|; was bom al Orleans. C-ipe Cod. March !lth. 1S1.'!. His father was a sea captain .and was lost al sea, his shi|i inner having been heard from, Noth- iiiL' ilaiiiileil .Mr. Taylor, the subject of this sketch took to the sea and ln>c,iine an able captain. His early voyages wore t i South .\iin'riea ami .\ustralia. He was a man of great cooi- iiess and liriivery: diligent ami alerl in all in.'illers of busi- ness. He hail a varied e.viierience. .and in his voyaging over the seas was freiuiently entrusted by his etniiloyers with ini|)Oit- aut affairs. He w.as married in 1859 to Mary M. Burr, or .New York City, Four children were l'(>rii to this union: Maiy I ranees, deceased: l.iz/.ie Anna, now Mrs, .lames .\ilhur Swan; lOleanor M.. now Mrs. Leonard W. .Mancliei\ and Lillie AiiK'lia, deeeastnl. On coiniug to P.assaic in 1m1!i he had about decided to retire from business. But In made several voy- ages before In' linally gave up traveling in the watery ways- Ilis familiar form and feiitures were known here on our street- tor twenty years. He was unpretentious. Kind, ,aiid geiierons. Always ready to "lend a hand." He took :\ deep interest m he ileV(dopment of this city. .\li;S. .M.\KV .M.Vril.jiA r.Wl.OK. i-,.iict ..r the la:,- Ccptain Eliezer C. Ta.vlor. was born in New York Cit.v. August l."th, 1S:!1. She has been a resident of Passaic 30 years, H T name is known in iiKiiiy of mir homes. For besides being an .active inember of the Baptist Cliiirch. she has long held membersihip and ottiee in the Home and Orplian .Vsylnm. 'Pile I'nion Benevolent Sooiety and the .Mombiy .Vfleniomi Club. Ami lalel.v she has fnrnislied a iirivate room al llie (Jenerai Hiisjiiial. .Mrs. T.-iylor was forinerly niarrieil to .Mr. .lames T. Burr, of New York City, a member of the tirni of Burr iV li.-indall. ol Ccibinibns. Ohio. One child w.is |,,,i-ii to this union: .l.-inies M. Burr. i>f Orauire. N. .!.. a meiuber of the linn of Burr >V 1 lard wick. New York City, lace importers. i;i(ll.U;i> .\. WLS ri:i;VKLT. deceased, was born at the old A\'estervclt 1 lestead in Clifton. N. .1.. .\ngiist 12. M-:\4. His entire life w .-is spent .at the old place, when- lie si:(-cessfully conducted extensive Hour ami feed mills, and tnin IS.")! niilil 1S74. when there weri' many l.-irge woods in Ihe surrounding seclion of coiuitr.v. a saw mill was alsti an impnrt.ant branch of his business. He was the son of Davnl A. .ind Soplii.i ll'osll Westervelt. botili natives of New .lersi-y. His f.ither was born al Tc^aneck, Bergen Co,. Oct, f>, IT'.IT, and his n.olher was born Sept. I'll. 1807. near the old Zabriskie .Mill on the I'.-issaie l!i\er. where Oarlield is now located. They were inarrleil Now (I, l.Sj;!. and moved lo Cl.-iverack .Vciinack.inonk Township. I'assaic Coiinly. now called Clifton, where the father starteil lh<' business that has since been con- ducted b.v him. his son. and his grandchildren. Mr. Wester- velt married Miss M.-iria -\ckerman. a daughter of ,Iohn H. and I.i<'litia iKeir.vi .V.Ueini.iii. of Ilacke.usack. .N. .1. '1 liree children were llic fruil of ilndr marriage, .bdiii A., who died al Ihe age of four ,\ears. Daviil U. and L.-iiir.-i. now the wife o'" <_i*corge T. Kenter, lOsi],. who holds a responsible position w irh the I'assaic Natioinil Bank. Jlr. Westervelt was a Ite- ptildican but never sougiM, or desired, lo hold .nn.v public oltice. He was, however, for inaii,v jears ;i inembef of the Ac(|iia(ka nouk Township Committee. From early in life Mr. Westi'r- At-lt's carei'i* was marked by energ.\ . perse\'eranee. cool jndg- inent and unerring sagacity. He wvis not afraid to assume ve- sponsibilily w lien he felt he was in the riulii. and once havin ,' sbaiied his eonrse. he never f.-iltered in ll Mention of his pir.ns. Honesty was the law of his life, and lie scorned all in- dueeineiits to benetit himselt by nielliods whi<-h endangi'r -d liiose universal primiples of action that ar- ihe found. itioiis o"' a strong ami efl'ective life, whose cliii-f end is not llie nn-re getting of nioiiey. I)iiri-i_' the lite time ot .Mr. AYestervelt he was a incinbir of Dr. (la-lon's Church in I'assaic, in wliieli h( was for several years .i deai-s ch.aracteristic thronghoul his life, Mr, Westervelt died 0<-t, (i, 1807, Ihe one-hundredlh anniversary of his father's birth. riiis sketch of the life of I.pvi H. .\lden, of I'assaic lindcc, is an antobiotraidiy. penned by his own hand anil ineptim; with his ideas as to leiiitth and contents. In accordance with the rule not to iilace any limits on the space taken bv anv biograpliv, it is inserted in full. J he imblishers disclaim nil responsibility for the sentiments enunciated therein. RICHARD A. WESTERVELT. Cj. EDWIN BROWN. M. 0. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 229 CllAUI-KS UIXTON was l.crii July 2lith. 18t!!). nt Bar- ryville, Sullivan County. N. Y. After i-oeoiving a cuinmon school oducatioii, he left liome, bciug 15 years of age, and en- Icrod tlio tolegrapli service of tlie Erie Kailrond. Ho soon lie<-;inie. prolirient in this serviee, but his ilosire was to conduct some reprcsenlativi! business in a prosiicmus town. He, there- fore, connectol himself witli a large jewelry lion.se in .\e\v Vnk City, finding, at the sauu- tijne, a boarding place in I'assiiic Soon it waa coined in his mind that he woidil show i'a»-;aic people wluit a first class jeweli-j- store could do. The Spring of ISIIS, after years of perseverance, found him ready to ao ahead and make a l)old dash for the realization of his long- ilierished ideal. In Ma.v of that yciar he opened what can be safely said to be the first store of its kind in Passaic, or. in deed, in any nearby town; a store eiinal to 'nany in fa.-hionable •inarters in New York Cit.v. But this did not, Jis yet, reach hs idea: fur. as the holiday season approached impruvements were in sight, and when all was finished lie found himself in his present Y. M. C A. Building eople who heretofore found it necessary to go elsewhere. His genial ways, his willingness to please, and his first class .stock have brought him large jiatronage and led him to feel that he lid not misjudge the good people of th-.v cit.v. fiven now he is merrily saying. "Next holidays will timl me far in advance of the last." Thus it always is: "lie laughs who wins." He assuri's his customers b.v giving an absoiiite guarantee with every piir(?haso. yii: Kixton said: "Dia- monds are worn in I'assaic." And to show people that th-y coiUd be purcliaseil here, he said: '"I will pl.nce a special de- pMrtnient in my store for this line of goods, and he did iiiaki a si>ecial display of diamonds, which it was a pleasure to look at. And he realized liaiulsoniely from this br.anch of his en- terprise. His assurance to purchasers of diamonds was free and above board. And the confidenee he has secured in that line of sales is very gratifying. In addition to lis jewelry store. Mr. Rixtou has opened private Optical Parlors, and sc- cureepartmeiit of Optics, Peoria, 111. Very delicate appar- ates has been placed at his service, so that persons .seeking re- lief for ailments of the eye can find here every assistjince known lo science. The hiiiidre! jewelry repairing department. Here, also. he has given speci.il attention. Ke|vii's to high grade and lomplicated watches are made a specially. The work is done in the building; no second party takes part here; he is enabled, till refme. to give a [losilive gnarautee for one ytar for all his work. Mr. Rixton is a member of the Methodist Episcop.il Church, and a stanch Republican. He was married .lanuary 24th, I,S94, to A'erina M. Hardifer. of this city. They have one lUuighter. Kiuli C. now living. .Mr. Kixtcm eimies of good stock, is of thrifty habits and sterling principles, the elements of a sturdy ("li.ir.icter and a A'aluable citizen. .luU.N U. IKIKK.MIS. nierelianl. was burn at I'alcrsou. X. .T., August 11, 1866, being the son of .(ohn and Amelia (Bariiettl Poremns, natives of Paterson. .Mr. Uorcmus at- lendi-d the public schools of his native ll over Xe-.v Jersey and some of the neighboriiig slates. Mr. Uoreuins has always been a liepiibliciin. He lias for three yeara »or%M>il as n member of the Passaic (jiiy Council, representing the Second Wnnl. He is a member of Ancient Onler Cniteil Workmen, XnlionnI I'liiiin, is Sei-oiiil Lieutenant of Co. A, l''irsl Keginient, -N'n- lional (Jnard of Xew Jersey. He is al.s(» a proiiijnent ineiiibor of the Baptist Church. Mr. Doremiis marni''>. They bave fo ir children, viz. .\lfred, Alexander -M., Agnes M., and Amelia 1j. I'ltKOKKlC SCHMIDT, de^-eased, was born at Basic Switzerland, ,Taiiiiary 251, 1812. He early showed his love fo' arcliitec'tural work, as drawings of some of the old cathedrals of Europe, done when he was only thirteen years of age, will show. He was educated at Heidelberg and at I'aris. !ii IS.^.S he came to this country and openeil an olllce in Wall stre«>t. Xew York. Mr. Schmidt was an iiiioslentations citizen of quiet manner, a deep thinker, and op|)<>se'W friends, but to Unvse he was staunch and true. .Vt his death he left considerable proi>erty, including the Passaic home, land in Colorado and N'-h'-aska, r.M\ interests in a large estate in Ilaviv. I'rnnce. lyEO.NWKl ) 1.. (;i!i;.\i;. real estate broker anil iiisiiraiice egent. one of Passaic's most highly res|H'Cted citizens, was born in New York, .luly 27. 1841. He removed lo Passaic in early youth. His was a coiiimon school education, such as this city afforded at the lime. .Vt alwiut eleven years of age he went to sea. and followed a seafaring life seven years. He then learned the engino-turiiiiig and jewelry business. Hav- ing served four years at this business, he succ-eeded his pn- .eptor in the same in .New York City, and iliniieil there for about twenty year.-:, when he laid it aside, and iH-came ( 'ollector of Taxes in this city, holding office nine years. Since IS95 he has been engaged in his pi-esent occupation. He has been a resident of Passaic forty-six years. He is a member of the First Reformed Church. He is a sturdy Republican, and has been two terms Juslioo of the Peace. He has servi-d 230 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. line tiTiii ;is Frceliolder. Mr. Givar is ;:ii eiitliusiastic worker ir. thi! Maso.iic FralernitU's. He is I'ast Ma.ster of Passaic I.odpc. F. and A. M., and Past Di.itriet Depiity of the Grand I.,.Mli.'<' of Now Jersey. Also, in the bodies of Royal Arch Masons he is a Past High I'riest. Past Grand High Priest and a inTnianent member of the General Giand Chapter of the Inited Slates. Also, in the Coniicil of the Uoyal and Select Masters he is a p.nst thrice Illustrious Master and i'ast Grand in.isler of the State. In the Comrnandery of Kniirlits Teni plars ho is a Past Cimmaiidor and a I'ast fJraiid Coniniander of the State, and a permanent member of the (Jrand Encanip- nient of the I'nited States. Ho is, also, a member of Mecca Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. Also, he is a member of all tiie Scottish Itiie !iodies. includinjr the 32(1 degree. Mr. Grear wr.s married. Jlay 17, 1809. to Margaret I£. Wilber, ui Passaic. 'I heir cliiklren are: Until .lane. Frances Amanda, AcVie Grace, AIr.i:;an Wilbor, Vernon Uoylc, Viola Demarest — ail l.-ving. WlI.I.l.VM .1. I'APK. editor of The Daily .Vows, was Ixjrn. December 1. IS"."!, in Liverpool. England, his parents being natives of Wliitehaveii, Cunilicrland. He came "I a .siafaring family on both sides of the house. His fatlui-. llobert I'ape, was a captain iu the merchant service, ami ii.mmaiideil llic ship "Maitland." engaged in the China and .lapan trade, llis wife and two chililrcn. one •<( wlioMi was the subject ol onr sketch, accompanied him on one of liis voyages, which terminated in the death of Captain Pape of fever, on .lul.v :>, ]S77, in Yokohama, .lapan, where he was buried in the English cemetery. The family returned to Eng- h I d, where the only sou, William, was adopted by Mr. and .Mrs. .James A. Hillingo. They brouglil him to the Tuited Slates in April, l.S,S7, anil settled in I'assaie, having spent .several years here just after the Civil War. After a year spent surveying with the laic .Inlni S. Strange. Mr. I'apc <'Utered the High School, ami Ciime out vale(li, l.S'.>.S, to .Tulia E. F.. second daughter of Henry Holtoii of this city They have one child. William Uol- tt.n. born .July 21. IS!!'.). Mr. Pape is a n;ember of the Passaic and Aciiuackanonk Clubs, Board of Traile an\\N. tiiKin.icr and Iciniu-r Mayor uf Passaii', was Ijorn in HiiHiklyn, on October (i. LWll. He received his I'diuMtion in the piiblii- schools of Passaic, and then entered llic b.inUiiig house of Walstoii It. Brown A: Brothers in New Vi rk. and rapidly rose lo distinction in his business career. In l.S'.ll he «as i Iccted president of the Eighth Avenue Na- tional Bank of New York, and in 1S!C> vice-president of the Stamlaril National Bank. In 1S!)!> the latter institution was cinsolidatod with the Prodiue Exchange Trust Company, and .Mr. Brown has since been the head of a large brokerage con- lern, with headiinarters at liO Broadway. In lS,Sti he was elected a iiiembcr of our Cit.v Council, and in 1S!I1 was chosen .Mayor of the •■ily without opposition, lie was re-elected Mayor ill l.SJK!. During his incumbi'iKV tin- city administration was o'' the most honest characti-r. In 1SS."i. Mr. Brown was mar- ried to .lennie I,. Crocker, of UocUland. Mc. Mr. Brown's kilidl.v and uiiassuming character has tnailc many warm friends for him. EDW.VKD W. 1;K1;UV. business manager of Tin- Daily News, is a young man to hidd such a position, lie was born at Newark, Fi'briiary 10, 187."), graduated at the Passaic High School in ISIKI. and went into business in the otlb-e of Denny. I'l.iu' & Co.. iliv g.Kids commission merchants in New Viu'k. He remailii'd with tliem for sevi^ral years, representing them in the South, until he became loiniected with The News as iiianager in the fall of 18!)7. He was married, on April 12. lS!t.S. to Mary, daughter of ex-I'ostmaster William A. Willard. He is scientific in his tastes, and is a member of the Torrey Bo- tanical Club, the New York -Vcademy of Sciences and the I.innaean Societ.v of New Y'ork. He is a member of the Pas- saic Club, .ind attends the First Presbyterian Church. .\XDi;i:W I'ntl.DS. .11!., lawyer, was burn at Passaic. .\. .1.. in 1S72. He reci'ived iiis preliminar.v eiliication at the local pnlilic sihoids. graduating from the High School in l.SXI. He then entered the I'niversity of the City of New I'ork. (•empleting the law course in l.S'.ll, receiving the ilegree of Bachelor of Laws. This was supplementeil liy a i-.ouse .it the New Y'ork Law Scliocd, as he was at thai time too young to take the Bar e-xamination. Mr. Foitlds entered the law ottiee of Hon. Francis Forbes at New York City, ami iipmi attain- ing his majority, in l.S'.C was .(dniilled In the It.ir in llie State of New York .is an attorney and counselor at law. He was afterwaril admitted to the New .Jersey Bai'. Mr. Fouhls lias devoted i- .il'vavs i.ikeii an active interest in political matters, ardeiiliy siippiut iiiu llie dcietriiies and laiidiclales of the Republican partj". but has never been a noniini e for any iilHce. uithough repeatedly urged to do so. He is president of the Passaic County IJepiiblican Ij'ague and a member of the Exeiiitive Committee of the State org;tiii/,atioii: he is also a niemher nf the Ac(|iiackanonk Club and many of the smial oiganizations of Passaic He takes an active interest in the Passaic Board of Trade and the HospitaV Association. His murriago to Miss Mabel W. Kip in the I'irst Reformed Cliiircb. in 1807. was one of the social iveiii< .if the seascm. The church. Avhich was haiidsomeiy decorated, was crowded to its utmost capacity. Mr. Foulds has abilit.v. energ.v and deter- 11. illation, and the future li.dds fur liiiii a brilliant and success- ful earei r. lUlAULES AVCUK;!;. .\1. a., was born in .New York City, June 2.o. 182(1. He graduated from New York I'niversity. Mr. .Vycrigg took uii his residence in Passaic in the year 1,S.").">. and lived here until his death, in .Inl.v. 1S!I4 — a period of thirty- nine years. He was a strong Reimblican. and became very adivc in the "Lo.val I^eagtie." lie was married. Septemlier 2(1. l>-rA. to Miss .lulia E. Ellsworth, of New York City. Four ihildreii were born to them: Hi'leii Ellsworth. Benjamin. Charles and Susan: all ileceased. Charles -Vycrigg. the sub- ject of this sketch, was a cousin of the late I>r. Benjamin B. Aycrigg, ami a nephew of Colonel Benjamin A.vcrigg. Ben- jamin, his son. who ilicil in 18!t.'{. was for three years a mem- ber of the Board of Edneatii>n. \l the linie of his death In- was a pniiiiiiieiit lawyer in Patt-rson. .MAFRICE II. S.MALL, the subject of this sketch, was born at Milton, Me.. March 18. l.SlKt. He was educated in the public schools of that place: also, at Colby I'liiversity. where he received his degre«" of A. B., after which lie tiMd; a three years' postgraduate course iu Clark I'niversity, Worces- ter. Mass. Professor Small has chosen the profession of teadi- ii'g, and is devoting all his energies to excel in that inspiring «(.rk. He became Principal of the High School of this city September 1, 181)8. and. at this writing, lias entered uimju his SCI ond year. He is a gentleman of pleasing address and win- ning w.iys. and finds pleasure ill a.ssociating with the follow- ing clubs and fraternities: The ■■Yount.ikah Club," '"Delia K.ip- ^ >. WILLIAM B. E. MILLER, D. V. S. CORNELIUS VAN RYENDAM. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 233 |i:i i:p-.il..ii l"iMti'iinIy. ' ilic '■ N :ii ifnial l-'i'iliTiil ion i.f ( iniiluiili- Si ii.liiiis. " till' Siiili' Kihii-;ili(in;il AssiM-iatimis ni' Mnin nl Ni u liisiv. Till' I'rot'i'ssiu' is n Kcpiililiraii iiml m iiiciiiIk'I' 111' (lie < '.iiif;r<';.Mtiiiiial Clnin'li, 1>U. .lOSKl'H I'AKKKi: I'lt.VV. was Imhu .\lar.li lilli, 1)S44. ajt Kast \Vc.\ iiiniilli, Mass. He rec'i-ivt'd liis ciliKiiliim ui AniliiVfr, Mass, Allci- uliicli, al tin' a^'r iil' IS. Iii> I'lilisli'il as a pi'ivjitc ill Coiiipaii.v ('. of rlif ."ijiiil Kogiiiii'iil of Voliiiili'iTs, Nortliaiii|ilnii. .Mass. This was in l.St;2, tUo, sfimul year of tlir Civil War. ills rt'^iiiu'iu uiidcr the gallant C'uhmi-l II.-iIIhtI Sli'viiis ( Irci'iilcal'. was iuoorporateil with tho Niiu-lw.iitli .Vrmy ('(iips. iiiiiliT (;cii. I5.uil.i;c iil' IVirt ilud.sou, on the .Mississippi. (Jreat were the lianlsliii)s of the soMix.'a's at that point. l)i: l'r.uy's eiiMipaiiy. iimiilieriii.i; ninety men, eame olT with Init twenty- si'Veii. I'r. ri-a.\ liiiil enlisted for iiine nionilis. Inn he MiTved one ye. II'. llo pnlar. His parlors ai .iti \\'ost Tweiity-thirtl St., .\ew Yon;, were visited by many piifple. Needless to say he was eniinently suecessful. He w:is a niemlier and trnstrf of the I»;iptist Church of this city, .-iiid an earnest worki-.r Iherein. The Die- tor was a member of .the Hoard of ^frade of this eily. ainl of the I'edic Society. New York City. He was a Republican— pub- lic spirited, taking a hearty interest ill the improvements iu Passaic. Dr. Cray A\as married to his second wife. Mi.ss BlU Coleman, of Hi klyii. N. Y.. .Iiine .:Uth. ISSil. One child, a il.ini;lit"r. (Jladys. was born to them, now livin.u. Dr. Pray Jmd but just begun to live m his new, pileiganit home, on Ay- criug .■iveiiiie, when he "vas suddenly called to his heavenly home. His ilemise was a groiit shociv to tue comnuuiity. He had watilied .mil directed the oroction of his residence, an en- graving of wliiih is here giveji, with the greatest care, for a long time, UKOIUJK DKNIKH.M. for thirty-six years one of the most public-spirited and respei'ted citizens of Passaic, was born at Dunbar. Scotland, on .Inly ]L', 1S,"?0, and was within ih.ree days of his sixty-eighth birthday when he died, on .Inly 11, 1898. After finishing school he followed the sea for ten years, being .ipprentieed at the age of fifteen years in the English navy, lie inheiiteil liis love of the sea from his father, who had been engag mI in the English service with the rank of captain for many years, and after his retirement was har- bor master of Dunbar until he eame to this country, locatiiii: jit Flushing. J^. 1. During the ten yerrs that Mr. Deiiholm followed the sea he was stationed for two years on the west cea.st of .\frica, at times going into the interior for tho sup- pression of the slave trade, the Hritish ( lovei iiineiit then earn- estly endeavoring to stamp it out. Ho crossed the .Vtlantie over two dozen times in sailing vessels, and had twx> or three narrow escapes from shipwreck. During the last few years of his seafaring life he was engaged in eominercial tratlii' between New Y'ork and South .Vmeriea. Leaving the sea. he settled in I'lushing. I>. 1., in 1S.">C>. where his family had previously K and aimut IStiJ eame to I'aHsiijc to lake up the pliimliiiiK business which his brother i'harles <|iiil in order to enliHt ill the army. When the brolher retiirneil Ihey furniiil a ri>- parliiership. which lusted !lilrly-Hix years. .Mr. Denliohn wax one of the org ini/.ers of the First PreHbyleriaii Church thirty- two years ago. and beeaiiie one of its first elders, nil olllii- wlii<-h he 111 Id until his dentil. There are only n hnndfiil of survivors of the original coiigregaiion in ihis iieigliborhoiHl now. .•iiiiong llieiii being \V. .\. Wilhirtl, .Iuiiii-m S. Itiddi-ll and (Jiorge .Mctiiblioii. Ili' was one of the original ineinberK of the old Fire Assoeiation, am'. f>,r a long lime its si iretary. He was a former menilier of ICescne Truck Coiiipiiny niiii a ineinlier of the l'>x<'iiipt Fir»iiieii*.< .Vs,soart in the "ampaign of I.SiCi, which resiiltinl in Ihe ehclion of (Jarfiidd. being presiilent of a caiiipaign club at that time. Mr. Denh'ihii ran for Mayor on the Inde|iendeiil ticket in 1870, against (Jeneral Biril W. Spem-er. Iti'imldican. who was elected for his first term in that vear by a nitijorily of 1" votes. He married in Flushing Miss yi-.iry .1. Haciin. by whom he had two children: Mary Fliiiabeth. now .Mrs. Knos Vrechiiid. born in l'"lnshing. and Charles K. Deiilndiii. who is a unlive of I'a.ssaic. Hoth reside in this city. In 1.S.S7 he married Miss Kliz.ibeth H. Kose. who siinives him and still resiiles here. IIKK.M.W l40-\ir/,. iiiaiiufaeliirer. was born in Saxony, tJirmany, in 1.S42, whiTc he received a iiood education in a well-known bulness college of his iialive place. After leaving school he engaged as an apiirentice to, and aciiuired a thorough ki.owledge of, the woolen trade, thereby filling himself for a future, .so that he would be enabled to su|H-ri!iti lid and iiiider- stand all the details conneited with the niannfacture of wihiIcii goods. Ill 181)3 Mr. Ml nitz came to America, and for many yiars was engaged in the niannfactme of eanl clothing, with laetories located at \Vorcesler. Mass.. and Philadelphia. In 1S!):J he selected Passaic as a place of residence, having pur- chased niannfacturiiig property at Ijidi. .N. .1.. where he now operates an extensive plant ,levi>ted to the maniifaiture of woolen goo<]s. In I.Slii". Mr. Koiiilz married Mi.ss Frederickn Dcwein, a daughter of a wellkmxvn and highl.N respecliil citi- zen of Hiirliiigton. Iowa. Seven ■•hildrcn have been born to their marriage, all of whom are now living. .Vllhoiigh Inkiiig no active part in politi'-s. Mr. Honitz is a stanch Kepiiblicnn. He is a liberal and public-spirited citizen. Mr. Bonilz is n self-made man and possesses goinl judg it, rare exectitive ability and business sair.uitv. and is of nniniiM-acliablc integ- rity CKi ii;i;i; ril l l,l l' IMST. one of Ihe hardest workers and loost siccessrnl legal practitioners ill the city, was born in HriMiklyn. .March !•. 18i;i. and moved to Pns.saic with his pnreiils when twelve years of age. His father. Andrew C. Rust, was of Holland birth, while his mollier. Henrietta C. C,erl>er, was a native of Cermany. They were po. He entered the law olBce of H. K. Coddington. and was ndniitteil as an attorney in 1.S.S-J. iminediately on coining of age. His rise in his pn>fessioii was stcaily and rapid. He became Coiiiisellhr-al-r.jiw in I.S.S.".. 234 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. iiiid !)}• tliai tiiii<> he was comisel for a miiulier at iDiiimatiuus. Hi' was flffted a iiumhIjit of the Board of Education in issi;. when only twenty-five years of age. and in 1887 Mayor Howe apiK)inteS7. Nation.il I'liion. and .\ncient Ordi'r of S. .ind E. Mr. Van Noordt married Miss Agnes l>rukker of (Jrand IJapids. Michi- gan, February '2:i, 188'J. They have one child, a son aged eight years. In ISilT Mr. Van Noordt was the Itepublican nominee for Sln-riff of I'assaic County. lie was defeated only by a small majority. He was the first an8, they celebrated their golden wedding. The father of our subject is still activel.v engaged in public affair.s. he being the present assistant superintendent of streets in Passaic. The subject of this sketch attended the common schools at the village of Port Benjamin. N. Y., and iluring his summer va- lations he fouml employment on the Delaware and Hudson Ca- nal, where he was captain of various canal boats for a period of about five years. On September 11. 1S72. when he was twenty-four years of age. he married Miss .\una E. Brmlhed of Allgersville, Ulster County, N. Y. Four children have beeir born to their union, two of whom are deceased, viz., Mag- da line and James, both having died in infancy. The living children are Fanny B. and Abram X. A. In 1S74 Mr. Strayer located in Passaic, where he has continueF(li;i> I'UOIKi;. jcwi-lcr, WHS lii.iii in New York City .Iniu' lil, IsTti. On tin- patcrniil siilf lie is ilrscciiili'il rripin ohl Kii^'lisli sloik. anil his is llie only family nf tin- iinnic in Anicriia. Hi' is rclatiMl to .lames Anthony I'mnilr. a notoil Kn;;llsh liislorian anil li'ctnrer. who was burn at Tot- iios,-lin I)>'v.>.ishin', KnKloml. in the year ISIS. an,inish Armada." el>-., etr. On the maternal side Jlr. Kroii(U> is related to the old Van Xess family, who for many ^jenerations formed an imi>ortant part of tlie history of I'assaie County: the old honse and slave hcadi|iiarlers lic- li nj;in;r to the family are still extant near I'ine Urook. N. .1. .Mr. Kroiide received a earefnl imImc ation in the |mhlie schools in Now York city and at Collon's private boardinj: school. In l.S'.)1 he accepted a position as traviieenlratiiii; his iiiliiil on the one pursuit, beifnii in .voiiiik inanhiKHl. He has lu-i-n able to over- ride diseoiirauemeiits, iiicideiil to such a business. And he hnK been content with the average of success. .Mr. Ilaiiks tintl eaiiie to Passaic to reside in I.SCiS. With the exception of alKiul seven years, spent in Nnlley and HriMiklyn. he has Ihhmi a resi- dent here ever since. Here the air has sih-iiii-l work, and made the first report to the Board on that subject. Lastly, civic affairs. He was an active promoter of the scheme ex- ploited by the late A. Swan Brown for piin-hasini; the Paiili- siui property and transformint: the "Castle" into the present elegant City Hall, eontribiitin): liberally to the fund for the accoiiiplisliinent of the same. He is a prunuiinced ICepublicaii, lull does not seek otfice. He rcjiards it as one of the foremost duties of the public schools to teach .Vinerican history and to instil loyalty. He was the first to offer a resolution to the Board of Kiiucation to cause fiaiistaffs to Ik- placed on all the school buildings, and flags to lie pnrchaseil :inil kept hoisted during school hours. Mr. Hanks is a iiieiiiber of the .National -Vrts Club, .'{7 \Vest :{4lli street. New York, an iiislitiilion established by artistic and literary men for the purpose of promoting industrial art. In this field .Mr. Hanks is a recog- nized connoisseur. He has prepared many valuable pa|HTs on industrial art. On the solicitation of the nienibers of the Kenil- wortli Society, of this city. .Mr. Hanks has read these papers, much to Iheir eilification and delight. .\s may be inferreil. he is a member of this societ.v, and was for one year its pr»-sideiit. -Mr. Hanks was a contributor to the fund for the purchase of the grounds and the erection of the Passaic Club House, uud. afterward, became a member of the club. He is, also, a nieiii- ber and one of the Board of I li rectors of the Y. M. C. A. .Mr. Hanks w is married to Itose Colvin .lami-s, of .New York. .Vpril 14. l.SliS. Four eliildren have been lH>rn to them: Uoseniary .\lling. now .Mrs. C. Trowbriilge Hollister. of Uiitherford: llo- bart tireiiclle ideeeasedl. .Matilda Karl iileeea.s<-aniuu and a valuable friend. His conversation and written artieh-s show careful 11 .ailing and thoughtfiilness. On many subjects he cuu always be relied upon to say something instructive, entertaining and helpful. 238 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. EBEXKZTOU KHLI,()(;G KOSK. deieascd. was lioni at South Covciitry, ('oiiuccticut, September 13. 1835. His an- ffstors eiiiisrateil from Kiigland to Massachusetts in 1(>37. His ;;rcat-Kran(lfather. a UeVDliitiouary .soldier, married Elizalietli Hale, a sister of Nathan Hale. His father was a wealthy iiianiifaetnrer and a prominent man of that section,. The snlijeit of this sketeh was named for an ni;cle, Elienezer KelloKX. who was a well-known professor of ^\'illianls Col- le;re. When a boy Mr. Kose received a careful education, althiiujrh he never attended college. After leavinjr school, and while still a youne was an active member of the First I'resli.vterian Church of I'assaic, and was also cue of the trustees. During the construction of that edifice he was a liberal <-ontrilintor to the building fund, besides being a memlier of the commit- tee having charge of its construction. On ,Tune 12. lS(i2, Mr. l{(.se was united in irarriage to Miss .Julia Haven Kings- bury of Dedham, Massachusetts. Their married life was al- v.ays a happ.v oni'. The children born lo the union were seven ir. number, viz.: Carrie I..inda (Mrs. F. A. SchettUr), (leorge K'-lIogg, F.iniiy Whitney iMrs. W. ,T. Fishl. deceased: Lewis IJussell, FreSiK!. after a short illness, of only two hours, Mr. IJose passed from earth. On the nierning of the day of his death his health was good: about 2 o'l-lock in the afternoon he complaiuH, building hi.s home, corner of .Vscension and High streets, in 187.5, Mr. Morse is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having taken the degrees of the Lodge, <'hapter and Conimamlery, He was a member of the City Council of I'a.ssaic for seven years and of the Hoard of Eilu- eation for six years. In each of these IiimHcs he proved him- self an al)le and conscientious workir. He also served in Ihe fire department of this city the alloted term of seven years and received an ln^Mur.iblc ilischargi'. Mr. Morse is a memb<>r and .in elder of the First Presbyterian Church of this city. For a number of years he was the enthusiastic and efficient superintendent of its Sunday-school. His successful work in that fruitful field is held by many in grateful re- nKuibraiuv. Mr. Morse was married. .Vpiil r,. 18.54, to Sylvia A. Fletcher of Madison, Wis, They have one daughter, Mabel Fletcher, who is a graduate of Darlington Seminar.v. West Chester, Pa. They have an attractive residence and grounds, as shown elsewhere, where friends are always made welcome. Mr. Morse, like many others, aimed in early life, to .secure a college education and to enter one of the professions; but un- foreseen circumstances placed these things beyond his reach. He did not, however, wholly lay aside his studies, and recently he surprised his friends by publishing a neat volume, entitled "Memories of Childhood and Other I'oems." A glance at these sunny lyrics and pastorals enables one to estimate the quality of both the heart and the mind of their aiitlior. He was full of his song, as the robin of which he sings: "From a tree that was near came an echoing voice. For another glad robin awoke to rejoice: Oh. so grateful was he — he was full of his song — He would sing it, at intervals, all the day long." \. Memories of Childhood i:'. iMiems. 2. Drives Arouml Passaic ,5 poems .''.. Keligioiis 22 poems. 4. Patriotic (! poems. ■5. Miscellaneous :!4 poems. In this brief sketch we have mdy spnce for a few speci- mens culled here and there from his bonk. Friii I'niriotii- rcieiiis: — nrit Fi.Ac. O, flag of our country, thou Red. White and Blue! Float proidly aloft, o'er the valiant and true. Though flags of the nations for lioiiors may vie. Thou glorious banner, we lift thee on high! Let traitors beware how they scoff at thy power! True hearts shall arise for the day and the hour. Thy stars and thy stripes will to victory guide; In peace, or in war — still our glory and pride. Ill his miscellauouus imiMiis :\vl- hkiii.v trcius. We naiiie the lollowiiifr: "Doii't Be Queer.'" "X;!!!! Aim Kli/.a." "My Treas- ure" ami "Don't You Sec'.'" Hut Mr. Morso dot's not stop with the inihhshfil vohniie. The followiii;; is taken t'l'niii his uiipuhlishcd iMicius: — LIFE'S CONFLICT. A.vake. O Sleeper! 'Wake! The night is gone, and hours begin When thoJ must work if thou would'st win; For foes without and foes within A wreck of life would make. There's much to do. and moiuents fly; The sun will soon be climbing high! On coich of ease no longer lie; Thy drowsy slumbers break! Heed thou the call. Arise! Fierce enemies are just before, "liink not they're on a foreign shore: The conflict meets thee at thy door. Guard well against surprise. Thy to;S would strike thee unawares! Be thou alert!— for deadly snares Are oft concealed in worldly cares. Which prove their best disguise. Tbough fierce the strife, stand fast! When passions boldly thee assail. Let not their dread assaults prevail. Stand! Firmly stand! thou need'st not fail; A mighty friend thou hast. Stand ever on the side of right. Defending truth with all thy might— Thy greatest foes shall take th?ir flight. And thou shalt win at last. Stand fast in God alone! When appetite would gain control. And. like a mighty billow roll To erish the bulwarks of thy soul. Look thou to God alone. To God. who hath all power to save! He giveth strength, he maketh brave! He curbs the passions— stills the wave! Trust thou in God alone! Kev. 1". 1". I>cnv(Mis D. 1).. pastor of tho Kirst Presliytcriaii Cliurcli of rassaif. X. .T.. in a notice of Mr. Morse's works, says: "The thou?;hts and fancies of Mr. Moi-so run in metre and i-liyme with easy Hucmy. and he lias hoih thoushts and fancitss to express. The author could by no means jjive frin- range to his mind without dwelling largely upon the religious and patriotic. In this department his sentiment is pure ansiiion. .\t the expiration of his engagement he rettirneil to the academy, completed his cour.se and graduateil with honor. He then started his life-wmk of teaching at t'ampgaw, Bergen County, and remained here till married, on March o, 1S47. to Hanmih ('. Stinson. danghti'r of the late .lohn Stinsoii, 4iiie of the pioneer iiienhaiits of Pater.soii. He has spent over forty years in tt a- tired on the laurels of a well-spent life. After having s|K'nt so nuiny j-ears in active work, retirement became inoniitonous, and to relieve the tedium he secureil the appointment of ticket agent at the Prospect street station of Ihe Erie Kailroiid, where he remaini'd a number of years, until his failing eyesight com- pelled hiin to resign, .Mr. Hennion has Ix-eii identitiiMl with Passaic as property owner and resident for over thirty-eight \cars. He is a member of the First Baptist Church, and is a Past Chancellor -.f Fal-iola l-odge. Knights of Pythias, ..f Pat 242 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. t'l.son. Hi- is a Ui'iiiililiian in priiiciiiU-s. Imt not :i |i:U'tis:iii. and I'clii'Vi's tlicrc arc u'urjil and limii'sl nii'ii in all paitii's. He has had four children — all daujthli'rs— three of whom air livin;: in Fassaif and one in Ilartforil, Conneitieiit. DR. CHAULKS K. ALDOIS is a native of Tassaie. liav- iu}.' been Ixirn in this city .laniiary 7. 1H72. Hi' received liis idi'cation in jiart in the pnldic schools of Passaii-. having been ^-raduatcd from tin- HIkIi School in the class of ■!»((. He then entered the New York Colli'tfe of Dentistry, from \vlii
  • 2. with the rcimtation of liein^ one of llie most skilfiill. as well as the youngest of his class. He was registered as a dentist of New Jersey, aftc"- passing; an excel- lent examination befoie the New Jersey State Hoard of Dental K.vaniiners. and opened an otiice in the Hemion iMiildiiiK, in the fall ol ISlKi. Hotli before and durin;.' his attenilaiice at collej-'e Dr. Aldous was associated with Dr. Howe. In lS!l."i Dr. Alilous nupved his oltice to the roslollice building, and in l.S'.lil he succeeded Dr. Howe ill his iir.ictice. and has re- hicved to Dr. Howe's ollicis. corner of Main and Hloonilielil avenues. These rooiiis have been decorated and refurnished for him. and are einiiK'nlly pleasant and convi'iiient for tlu'ir purpose. (Iwin;; to his tliiu'oii^h training ami caiernl aii.l iii- telliRent work, Dr. AlJloiis has attained an eiivialde reiiuta- tii.n and a large and desirable practice ill his chosen profes- si( n. Dr. Aldous w.is married, im December MO. \S'.Ck lo .Miss KU aiior Louise (Jordon, daughter of the late Dr. Lewis 1. (Jordon. of Kreeholil. MoiiMionlh County. N. J. Dr. .\ldoMs is a .nc-mber of the I'assaic Chili, ihi' Yountakali Cliili. Ilie I'.-is- .-aie \\'hisr CInb ami scxeral oihei- orir.-mizalioiis in Passaic MV.\. .I.VrOH SCII.MIT'I". paslor of the First (ieniiali I'resbyteriaii Church of this lily. was born in lOr/.ingcn. Kin^'- doni of Wiierttenberg. (ierniany. lie was educated at Wuerl- .. w.is bom a- Pater.sou. .\. .1.. Decenilier S. bS7l. He received his preparatorv education ill ihe Paterson public schools and l.atiiiier's Hnsiness Col- lege, and his medical training .it llie C.dlege of Physicians and Surgeons. New York. Dr. Stagg has resided ill I'assaic since -Viigusl 1, l.S'.IS. during which time he has tilled the position of House Physician at the Passaic Oeneral Hosidtal. His aii- icftors were among the early settlers of .New York City. One of them was an aide lo (b-ueral \Yasliiiigton at \'al!ey Forge. He is a son of .Mr. .lolin .M. Stagg. a well-kiiown and highly ri>pecteil resident of Paterson. Besides having graduated from a regular course in niedicine. the Doctor is a practical phar- macist, a valuable aci|uisi(ioii for a physici.in. On .November 1. l.MI!». his term as House Physician expired at the hospital, .ind he has coinmeiiced the practice of mei'icine in this city. < hi leaving the hospital the Hoard of Oovernois .iii.l M.di.al Stall" h.'iiided him the following diploma: — "The Ho.ird of (iovernors and Medical Stall' of the P.iss.iic • bneral Hospital certify tli.il I'r.ink Miiiison Stagg. .M. D.. has RESIDENCE OF MRS WM. I. BaRRV. rUl RESIDENCE OF PETER REID. RESIDENCE OF JOHN MILTON MORSE. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 245 SI 1 vi'il cuccpliililj .IS lliiiisc I'liysiriiiii cif iliis lii>s|iitnl for a full tiiin cif sixtiiii niiMillis, :inil in Icsliiiiniiy ihiTcof, Kmnt liiiii Hiis I)i|iliiniM. "Itatod ill I'Mssaii- this lliiitcciilli .lay of OctolKT, ISlfJ. •■Simu'il;— •l'. II. llui\ M. 1).. l'icsi.. \V. S. Cliasr. M. ])., .1. .1. Sullivan, .M. 1>.. i;. \'aii NrankiM. .M. 1>., Kchvin lU- Haiin, M. 1).. A. \V. Van Kip.r. M. It. "Siiincil lur llii' Huanl nf (iovcrnnrs:— ■■.l()soph Ilulilswcirili, rrisiilcnl : Kloye«it have eonie to be more llian double llie nninber eiiiplnyiil in any other real estate olllii' in the lity. and iiiore than are ergageil in any other real estate olllee in the eoniily. He lia« efTeeleil during the last three years more sah-s than any ollliv in the eity, ami over four hiiiiilred lenantN are in hi» ehnrge. In 1.S!).S this olllee traiisaeleil a larger anmnnt of bnsinesN for the Continental Insuranee Company than any oilier in the State. The iipbiiililing of a eity greatly ile|ieiiils iiihui the ability, thrift and sueeesses of men engaged in the transfer of real estate. We look to them lo bring lo ns desirable eili- zi lis. and to be foremost in exploiting sehenii-s for our lietter- leeiit and growth. .Mr. Morrisse ably fiillills Ihesi' fiinetioiis. '1 he eity owes mueh of its phenomenal growth lo liis enterprise. His soeial pro;divitiet have U-iI liim into iiiany eliibs. He is a member of the Aeiiuaekanonk. the Hlks. the Knights of Columbus, the Yountakah. the \Vhist Club, nnil ihe Xorlh Jer- sey Country Club. Mr. Morrisse is viee-presiilent of Ihe North Jersey Title (iiiarantee Company, vie<>-presi. "Seeretary Maynard." as he is best known in this lommiinity, is an P^isiern iniin by birth and eduiation. Of riymouth Colony aneeslry. lie was inrn in Boston, Mass. I luring his eliildh I and youth he .iltended the piiblie seliools of his native eily. and of Worees- ttr. Mass.. where he entered eomniereial life with a large envelope maiiufaeluring eoneern. After a few years, desiring a wider field, he eanie to New^ York City, and for twelve years was eonneeled with several of the iK-st known luuises in Ihe line stationery trade, in exeeutive and traveling eapaeities. Having beionie a resident of Mount Vernon, N. Y.. and in- ii rested in newsjiaper work, he organized a eoinpany. whieh. in ISIMt, purehased the Mount Vernon Uerord. a Kepubliiaii v.iekly. and of whieh he was managing islilor for several years. Itiiriug this iMM-ioil he look an aitive part in loial |"plities, Im- ing seeretary of Ihe Uepnbliean City Coiiiinille«\ and served the interests of the eily in other eapaeities, never holding ollbe, however. Mr. Maynard inanifesteil, aUo. a lively inten-st in piiblie iifTairs, by serving as seeretary of the Mount Verinui Hoard of Trade for five years, resigning when he removeil lo I'.issaie. Hisposing of his newspaper inlen>sts. he eanie to I'assaie. Marih. l.S!l,S. to enter r.iMin siMi-ial work for the Hospital Assoeiation. Siieeess in this line deinonstraling the value of its permaneiiey and enlargement, and his known .siie- iissful experienie in Board of Trade work, brought alHiUl an airangenieiit by whieh he now serves in a dual eapaeily as salaried sei-relary. jointly, of the two iiislilnlions, thus making pi ssible such a riHU-ganizalion of llie I'assaie Board of Trade as enabled it to enter nimn its present vigorous cart-er. Secre- tary Maynard is fond of social life, has strong domestic tastes. is liberal in his religions and iHililieal views, and takes a dwp interest in Ihe duties of good lilizeiiship. He was for many \ears a ineinlH-r of the New York Athletic and Mount Vernon Clubs. He is now a member of the Ki.yal .Vnannin, National 246 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. li.iiiii. V. .M. ('. A.. SiMi.'li- T;ix .unl Iniry Chilis, jiinl is a GiivcTiiiir iif tlu" <;uiifriil Hospital. Ou .lul.v IJ. 1S'.I2. lie ir.arrii'il Cariiliiif Ivt-wis Ha.\t(;r. of Mainaionci k. X. Y. This iiiiiiiii lias hciMi l)K'sseil with throe chihlreii: Keiiyon Cushing, Carol Ilutihiiitfs and Jo.vce Closo Ma.viiarcl. Tlu' faiiiil.v rpsidos at Xo. :i03 I.afa.vi-tte avcimc. .M.FHED C. rEDKlCK. iih.v.siiiau. was hoiii Apiil J'.l. IS.'iT. l]<'iiig a native of (Jh)uee.sier Count.v. X. Y. He is the son of Alfreil C. and Rcbeeea (Down) redrick. the latter beins n danchter of Kenjaniin C. l>own. who .served in the Mexienu war with the rank of Captain, anil who for nian.v years was one of the most prominent surveyors in Sr.utliern Xew Jersey. Tl'.e siihjeet of (Ids sketeh re.eived a eollejriate education at I-Iiilailelphi;i. In ISS!) he e-itered nMluiPiiiMini 1 Ionic.. |.all]ic DR. ALFRED C. PEDRICK. Mrdi to Miss Alida C. Mengi 1 of liiidgtlon. X. J. Two ehildren liaM' leen liorn to tluni: Ilarr.v (deceaseil) and Eth(d. Dr. I'l'.liick enjoys a laige and. locralive |i;:i< liie in I'assaii-. HITBERT mSII. mason ami builder, was born in Hol- land. .November 1". 1S(VJ. In ISI!!) Ids parents eaili;' to Anieri- ea. liM-ating in I'assaie. where Mi. Hush attended tJie public feehools. He has continued to riside in I'assjiic ever since. He is a proinineid member of the I'assaie City (Inn .nnd Rod Club and several other organiaztions. .Mr. Bush married Miss Jennie Oeene. .\pril !.'(>. l.S!i;!. 'I'hree ehildren. Sndie .Mice. .(.>hn Herbert ami Ji'ssie have bei'ii b.>rn tn their iiiar- nage, all of whom .ari' living. AMH;i:\\ /.. IKKIIINi;. retir.Ml. sou of Dr. Carrit and Kli/.ab-tli iZ.ibriski.o T.rlniiic. w .is l...ni at I'assaie, Oetidier 1I!». b^ol. He attended sch..ol until he \\"as sixteen years of age. He tlu'n began the stuil.v of medicine, and clerked in an fipothecar.v's store at .Jersey City. On account of ill-health, he abandoned his medical studies and accepted a clerkship in the .\merican Exchange Baidc. Xfw Y'ork. This position and similar ones he filled for li'ii visirs. In ]Sr>l) he j.iine.l his brotlu'r in the hardware and house furiiisiiing business at Jersey City uinler the firm name of Terhune Brothers, ami centinued in that connection until ISTl. when, for the second time, (hi' stcu'e was destroyed b.v tire. In that year he retired friin mercantile business, and has taken n.. i.r.aninent part in commercial affairs since that time. He married, in lS(i2, .Viss Christiana Ryersmi, the granddaughter of .ludge Cor- nelius (!. Van Riper of I'assaie Bridge. They have three sons: I'l'ank C.. Ho\\*ii'.I an. I Coi-nelins ,\, HENRY BERfiKI!. nnr. hant. was b..rji at Cdogne, Ger- many, Xoveniber 21. 1!S4;>. where he ri'ii'lved a limited edu- cation, having been compelled 1.. l.'.iv.' s.h.,,,! .it the early age of twelve. He was first aiiprenticed to the engraver's trade, at which he worked for one year. Xot finding the future conducive to his continuing at that, he became a tailor's apprentice, serving for five years. He later worked at his trad.', and was for man.v .vears the support .if his parents. In l.Vi;.; Ill' n-.Mil t'l Paris, r.'maii.iin.' in that city iiiilil the beginning ot th.^ lievolntion, in 1.S71. On .•i.-.-..nnt of the war between (Terinany and France he took up his residence in T-ondon. where ho remained initil 1. 1803. He was highly esteemed by his fellow-townsmen. He was upright in Imsiiicss. faitliliil in the discbarge of an important trust; of genial disposition and pleas- ing manners; a man of good heart, never turning the (MMir away. The city deeply nioiiriKMl liis nntiiiiely death. CLE.MK.NS OSCAIt KI.KHEK, Ph.ll.. whh horn IWl'J. in (he Kingdom of Sixony, Cermany. Epclrnl .qnd giui nnn- lysts; Herlin, ]8.s;!-',V). witli A. W. von Uofinunn, the origina- tor of IIki I'heiiiistry and niiHlern d.ve-.stntTs, etc.; with i..ieli<'r- niaiin. the inventor of ali/.ariiig. ami with llelinlioltz. the iiuwt eminent physicist of the century, anil with UaiiiiiiclNlM'rg, the mineralogisi, etc.; Leipzig, Willi ,1. \\ islieeiiiiti, tlui fniiuMiH stereo chemist: <)stwi-ld, the originator of physical cheiiiiHtry; Wiiiidt. the physiologist; Wiediiiaiiii. physieiHl, etc. In LSSi; he was promoted to v lJi>ctor of PhiloHopny ami Nnlnrnl S<^onot«. LSSfi-'id was ass-istiaut of I'rof. F. Sloliniunn, the author of STuspratt's famous Clu'iiiical Technology; iiuikiiig researches in theriiKi-iheiiiistry during this time, published in various journals. In l.S'.rj-'li;!. chcllli^t in the Ess Fritz- sche Hrothers" Laboratories at (iarlield, .\. .1., the .^iiieriiaii blanch of the a)>ove named firm. Ami sinci- April. I.S'.Ni, lie has been dire<'tor. He n-sides at Clifton, N. ,1. He holds iiiciiibership in various s<'ientific s'jcieties. .IllllN lli;.\IION was born in the la-aiitiful valley of the U.iiMaiKi. .\. .)., .Inly 14th, l.S;i7. He reivived his ivincnt on, partly in the public .schools, aiid partly in the private scIukiIs. He livcsl on a fann until he became 20 years of age. l<<-aving the farm, he "'iigagcd for a perioil of seven years in I'lir con- struction, at Piermoiit. on the Hinlson. During the next twelve years Mr. Heniioii folli>weil iiiillwrigliitiiig, :ind the biisncst of a contractor. On .Tiily 1st. 1,S74. he engagiil in the coal, real estate and insurance business in this city. In this business we tiiicl liini today. Through all t'he elmiiges of the years he has steadily pro-spered. He has lived in this eity. at No. 17!l ,1 ffer- slitics Mr. Ilcinion is .1 Uepublican. His first iiresidential vote was cast in l.SCiO. f r .Miiviliam Lincoln. He has held a iiiimln'r of oillces. smh as SiipMrvisiii . County Commitlcemaii and City Siirvcynr. Mr. Ilcinion is a iiicjiiber of the North Kefoniied Church: a member 111' the City (inn Club, fnuii its organization; also, he is a mem- III' oi the Masonic Fraternity. He is fond of liiinting. ami most every year has mnde a tiHp to the .North wimmIs to pass some weeks in that sport. His ancestors i-ame to this country in the seventeenth century; those on his father's side from IIol- hand and (Jcrmany; on his nioltier's side from North IreLind and Frani-<\ He was marricil in .\pril. l.SUS. to Ann .Milton Millington. of Passaic. Si'veii children have Is-en born to them. all living at this writing: I/conard. .John Itoyal, Aaron .M.. .\iisliii. I'laudia I.,ouise, Charles and Diiraiid .TFLIKT POTTET{ VAN EVP:i!A. .M. D.. was born in Herkimer County. N. Y . .Inly 17. l.s;{(i. Her father, an in- dependent farmer, believed a common sclnwd education woiihl suffice for her. She was, however, desinuis for a more lil«-ral education and ilevisid means for earning money, so that she could prepare herself for the higher branches reipiisite for teaching school. In the spring of l.S.">2 she obtained a position as n teacher, devoting her time to the summer school terms. Her earnings thus obtained were used in the fall and winter for a still better edii.ati.n. In ISCO Mrs. Van Evera was mar- ried to W. H. Tiffany, a promising young lawyer in Ohio, "here, in ISi'.il, she was left a widow with two sons. Emmet and Earl Tiffany, During the same year she received a call 256 *rHE fJEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC to do missionary work in N( w York City. Entering upon her new duties, she opentd Ji school at No. 3:27 Uivintrton street for the Children's Aid Society. While engajJieil in this work, she JULIET POTTER VAN EVERA, M. D. discovered the j^reiit need of more women physicians. It was at (hat time she determined to take a tlioroufrh course in medi- cine. She entered the New York Mcdir.il Cdllego and Hospital for Women, !;raduating therefrom in 1ST2. Slic afterward lic- canie a member of the Alumni Assoiialiou and of the New York County Medical S'iciety. the latter lieinj: the most important, as well as the largest, of its kind in the I'nited States. I>r. V.in Kvera entt'red upou her piofessional duties, ami for ni.iny years had a lucrative practice in New York Citj. On accoual of her failinji eyesight, she was compelled to retire. Simc :81)2 she has been a permanent resiih^nt of rassai<-. She is a member of the Society for Pnmioting the Welfare of the Insane. In 1.S74 she was appointed a Commissioner of Lu- nacy. In l!S7ri her marriage to R. N. A'an I'^vera. of New York, occurred. One sou. Potter Van Kvera, was born to this union in 1S77. In 1(S.S2 Dr. A'au Kvera was elected Trofessor of Paedoli'gy of the New York ileilical College anil Women's Hospital. For nine consecutive years she delivered lectures .it that institution. She also served as a stall doctor in the same place for eleven years Emmet 'l"in';inv. son of l>r. \':in Evera by her first marriage, followed the profession of liis tallic r. Ill' iliiil in 1S!)7, leaving an infant daughter. Harriet l';arl. her seionil son. was drowned in ISCiS. I'UANCIS .1. MAULEY, of Little Falls. N. .1., was born in Ni'W York City. March 14th. 1)^AU. He received his eilnc.i- tion in the common schools of Essex County, N. J. Hii has been n rt>siilenl in Tassaii^ County twenty-three yeairs. He has made hard road build ng a specialty in business, with marked success. He is a member of the A<(iuackanoiik Club, .:i Mason, Iv. of P., B. O. E. and a member of the Koynl Arcanum. In politics a Democrat. He was the Diimocratic nominee for (Jon- gress in tJie fall of 189.8. Mr. Marley married, Sept. l!()th. 1877, Louisa Cook, of Little Falls Three children have hewi born to ithem; two sons and a daughter. Mr. Marley's anees- tors came from County Armagh, Ireland, town of Portadown. A cousin of his, a maiden lady, now owns one-half of the. town of Portadown. ■WILLIAM DOOLITTLE was born. .lunc 11. lS3tJ, in a rural district of Chemung County, N. Y. The homestead was situated about twelve miles east of the city of Elmira. He was the fourth son of a family of eight children — six sons and two daughters. He «as fortunate in being the child of Chris- tian parents, who trained him in the fear of the I/ord and to observe the Christian Sabbath and to store his mind with the saving knowledge of the Word. In 1871 Mr. Doolittle moved to I'assaic. He Iniill a dwelling on the corner of Grove street and Howe avenue, where he now resides. He has lived to see many improvements in this city. At that time his house might be said to be located in a tield. Now he is in the midst of closely built houses, and the streets are macadamized on either side of him. Mr. Doolittle is ( commission merchant in New York City. He may be said to be a man diligent in business, liiviil in spirit, serving the I.<-eiv.Hl n i.ls of that city. Ue bi'canK- a rcsi.lent of c..ii.ni..n school e.lnc.ilion in the public .schools of Somervilk. and riainliolil, and then, at the nite of seventeen, bccan busi- n( s.s as a clerk in his brother's crockery store, nt Tlninlielil. N. J. At the ace of twenty he took charee of n branch crockery st.:re on Main avenue, this city. This he comlnclcl for a pcricKl of three years, when he accepted a position as traveling salesman. While so encaired. he borrowed law iHHiks of his briithcr, William li. Allen, a lawyer of New York City, and bo^aii the study of law. lie was admitted to the Bar February 21, l.SlkS. and is conductini: a successful prnctico in this city. Mr. Allen was married, l-'i-brunry "JL lSil!>, to Alice Dickson, of .Jersey City. N. .1. Mr. Allen is of New Enir- lai;d ancestry on his father's siile. iK-inc a dcscenilaut of Klhan Allen of Revolutionary fame. He is of Scotch amvstry on his mother's side, whose family were first represi-ntol in this country by the Rev. .Tidin Cross, who was Isirn in Slland in KkS'.l anil died at HaskiriK Riildc. N. .1.. in 17 saves." lIc' liviil tn the renin rk.iMi- .\ : ■ ..f ninety WILLIAM JAMES BOGGS. Passaic in IS.jS, and lived hero tiil the time of his death, ilay. 1872. He did business, however, in the City of New 'York, which was that of fire iusnrance. a business to Whici) he was admirably adapted, and in wliich he achieved a marked success, tilling successively the offices of Secretary and Presi- dent of the company with which lie was connected. Mr. Boggs was a member of the Baptist Church. Indee3. it is said that lit was at a meeting held in his own house that the Society (Church) was organized iu this city. He w.as a Re- publican, but tolccted a member of the New .Jersey Assembly in 18.37. serv ing for two .ve.ars. In 184.3 he filled the position of .Tudge i'l Bergen county. Mr. A'an Biissnm has always followed tli" hvocntion of a farmer. He has always been a stanch Denm crnt and is .at present fillinir the position of Mavor of Walliii? ton. he hnvinff been elected in the spring of 1.*n. For fortv .rears he has been a member of the town committee of Ij^-'" township. Mr. Van Bnssum married Miss BHz^t A. Voorh's. l>f TTnckenJack. N. .T.. December "24. 1S.')7. They have tw . sons. Peter and George. .TOHN THOAfAS SIMMS was Iwrn in Paris. Kentuckv F( bru.nrv lOth. 18<;1 He was cdncated in the public sehools i-' Hotioken. N. .T. He has lived eieht years in Pnssnic. wher- he h.ns nnrsued the bo'^iness of n photosrrapher. He is n mem- ber of the Passaic Club, the Hosn'tnl .\«sociation. nml tb" Board of Trade. Mr. Simms was married .func 1st. 1.S.87. (•' Blanche Gnillond. of New York City. R!» children hav ■ been Ion. to them of n-h.-.m fire are livinT. Tlie nhofriTrapb" ■ views and portraits, with a few exceptions, appearing in this work. wc>re nindo by Mr. Simms. DAVIO CAMPBELL Sx. years, being at his death the oldest inhabitant of the city. Mr. Ci.nipbell was a member, ileai-on ami elder of the First Re- formed Church. He was married, in isai. to Hannah A. Cook. 264 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. of BerKi-n. Thore \\\'rc born lo tlu-iii u family of fight cbil- dicn: Maria, who married for her second husl)and the late General Alexander S. Diveu of Elmira. X. Y.: Daniel L. ide- ceased), Sarah Jane, who married Mr. Caleli A. Williams, of Orange; David ideeeasedl. William A., Eliza (deceasedl. Morris (deceased) and Helena Lowdeu (deceasedl. WILLIAM ANDRE CAMPBELL, M. D. S.. was luirn in Passnic. X. ,T.. December .•'.(I. 1S44. line lie received his pre- WILLIAM ANDRE CAMPBELL, M. D. S. piiratory ediualiun. and remained :i resident sixteen years, when he remuved to Brooklyn. N. Y., I,, stn.ly denlistry with the late Dr. 11. .\. Stratlon, at the lime the most prominent (Untist of Brooklyn. Hi- f.'r:idiiatcd at Albany. N. Y., in 1877, receivinK the ilegree of Master of Dental Siir^'ery. At this writiiif;, ISiK). Dr. Campbell is a snceessfnl pra<-ticing dentist in (hi' city of Brooklyn. He is a member of the Odoiitologieal Seeiety of Xew York City, of the Brooklyn Dental Society and the State Dental Society; also, lie is a number of the T^nion League, Xew York. He has held .several ollieis in the above named societies. In politics the Doctor is ;in In.le- IH-ndent. On September 28, 187.">, he was married to Martha A. Benedict, of Dtmlniry. Ct. Five children have been born to (him: Amy Bem'dict, Myra (deceased), David Kenneth, .Marion 1 liven and Helen (deceased). KItKDEKICK SIIEIUVOOD DATES, importer, was born on his father's farm near Fishkill-on-the-IIndson, Dutchess County, Xew York, October !), 1,S48. He is ilescemled from Itevolntionary stock, his ancestors having fought in the war for inilepeiidence. II is family was among the first settlers of Dutchess County, and was prominent in that section. When n boy the subject of this sketch attended the public seluwls of P'ishkill until he was fifteen years old, at which time he yrent to Xew York City, where he accepted a iiosition in the imiiortlng house of Frost & Davenport, with whom he remained until the lirm retired from business. During his counection with that concern Mr. Dates still pursued his studies at an evening scLool. His next iiosition was with the firm of Haight, Halsey & Company, with whom he remained until they also retired from business. About that time Mr. Dates received a tlat- tering offer from the extensive importing house of Heury Tilge & Company, of Philadelphia, to assume the management of their Xew Y'ork branch, known under the tirm name of George E. Tilge & Company, importers of hats, furs and trimmings. The concern is now lo<-ated at X'o. 13 Washington Place, Xew York, Mr. Dates being a member of the firm. Mr. Dates has been a resident of Passaic for twenty-two years. Being some- what domestic in his tastes, he is not a member of any club or society. He is a member of the Xorth Reformed Church. Politically, he is an ardent Republican, and has done excellent service as a member of the Board of City Councilmen, to which bo.iy he was elected in 1887, serving for three years, not only with credit to himself luit to his constituency as well. Many improvements in Passaic, especially in Mr. Dates' own ward, owe their existence to the diligent work done by him while a member. While not being active in an official capaeit.v at present. Mr. Dates still iakes much interest in politics in Pas- siiic. and is always to be found arrayed upon the side of good government. He resides at Xo. 211 Lexingt m .^r ^\ W '- - HENRY BERGER GEORGE RETTINGER JAMES MAYBURY JOHN JELLEME THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 257 till' firm. Ml-. I-iiicllKilm rciniiim-d with this linn iiiilil lS.S."i. m which tiiiu- hi- liail jiiiiuiri'il ii thiiroiigh kuowh'iliii' nf tlic htisi- ii< ss. After spvcriiig his ciiniifction with Mi'ssi-s. Ariiohl iV Comiinny. Mr. I.iiidholiii iMiiharkcil in tlif irrnccry business in rjtssiiii-. Willi his thi>roii);h UnnwlcilKc nf tens ami I'lilTccs. hi" has niaile tlmsc lines a speeial feainie (if his business, siip- pl.viii;; (inly tlie best Unowii pnidncts (if the wiirlil. Mr. I.iml- hdlni lias been a resident nf I'ass.iic since IST'.t. On Ndvem- lier i:> (if that year he married .Miss Kdia .M. Falstrnni, a sister of (Jnstave I''alstriiin, Es(i.. a well-liiinwn and prdsperons citi- zi n. Their ni.irriaire lias been blessed with live children, fiinr .if uliMiii arc livin;;. viz.: Clirinnl F.. ()lt;a \V.. .\lbert \V. and IMhi .\1. .Mab(d. who was a bris;ht child, died at the ajie (if nvclve years. .\lr. l.iiidhciliii is a nicnibcr of the Baptist ( Inn h of r.issaic and of the .National liiion. He is a ICepiib- licaii, Imi nut a partisan. He has never held or soiisht otilce. Iireferriii;.' to devote his time to the riMiiiirenients of his liiisi- lu ss and family. He resides at 2T<> l'enniiii,'toii avenue. .\s a merchant. Mr. Liiidholiii represents the more iiiiportaiil in tin v:rocery line in I'assaic. II. Will II. IIUW II was born at New Haven. ( 't.. .lannary 11. l.S.'i'i. He received his eihication in that cit.v of leariiin;:. AA hile he. at present, resides in I'aterson, X. .7.. he is a popn- lai- pliotojirapher ill this city, with a studio at No. L'Tll Main avcinie. Mr. Hiiwd removed from New Haven to I'aterson in IST'.I. and started in business in that city (Pntersoii) in ISSl. first ,it 12!) Main street, and aflerwjird opening a spacious studio .11 '.H liroadway: in all. spcuding fifteen years at that business in I'aterson. when he sold out, and after a rest of three years, eii'.'afjed in his present business in Passaic. Many sinnils hiitliT than l>r. Arthur Ilonry Temple, who wan born at Hor.nion. N. .1.. Dciniber 10, 1,S73. Uv In the »on of DAVID H HOWD. of the plates appearing in this book were prepared from ph(>tosraplis made by him. Mr. Howd was married. .lannary 111. 1SS2. to S.ira Van \'alUciibiir^'li. of I'aterson. AUTHIH HENKY TEMI'I.E. physician. AmonB the jounjier members of the medical profession in Passaic none ARTHUR H. TEMPLE. M. D Charles H. and Elizabeth (Zabriskiel Temple, old niid liiuhly respected I'csidenl.s of Booiituii. Dr. Temple received but ru- dimentary education in the public schools of his native town, Kradnatins therefrom in l.Slll. In 1S02 lie entered KntKers Ciillese. where he remained during the freshman year. In 1S!).'{ Dr. Temple decided to prepare himself for the nuilienl profession. In the fall of that year he enlercl the medical ilciiartmcMt of Columbia rniversity. iColleKe of Physicians and Snrj;<-<>iisb in New York city, Kradiiatini; from that insti- tution in ISOti, i-eceiving the degree of M. I>. For one year thereafter ho was hon.so physician and surgeon at St. .losoph's ll'.spital 'n Patersoii. N. .1. In February. I.SOT, he located in Passaic, where he has remained < ver since. IIi- has been nn- usually suceessfnl. and !ias established a lucrative and rap- idly increasing practice. He is assistant visiting physician to St. S'ary's Hospital, and is also leclnrer on anatomy al St. .loseph's tPatersonI Training School for Nurses. He miiin- tains his otlice at .No. 'JliS Main avenue. .lOIIN HKNliV Ki:il()E. a well-known citizen of Pas saic, was horn al .Newark. .N. .!.. April 17. l.Sli'J, where he received an education in the juiblic schools. In 1SS1 he r.'- nioved from Newark to I'assaic. where he has since ri-sided. .Mr. Kehoe is engaged in the livery bnsines.s, his establishment being the most prominent in the city. He is a Il<. lSft2. They have three children— Edith. Susan and .Marjory. .JOHN .lEI.T.EME. contract(U- and builder, was iHirn at Little Falls. N. .1.. November 2T\ 1M7. When he was one .vear old his parents (who are still liviiigl removed to Pas.saic, where the subject of this sketch received his seho(ding. .\fter having school. Mr. .Tellenie learned the trade of builder, which for many years he has successfully followed. When he first nirived in Passaic the place was sparsely settled, containing but one store and a few houses*. Mr. .lelleme is a member of the First Reformed Church of Passaic and also of the Knights of Pythias. He has always been an ardent Kepnbliean. and was for three years Ta.\ .\sses.sor. a ((osition he ably filM. His marriage to Miss Sara Sharot. of New Y'ork City, oc- curred .lannary '_'"_'. 1S74. Five children have been born to 258 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. llicin — three sons ai.J two djiughtors — Hcnviinl Sliarot. who was a .soldier in the late Spanish-Aniericaii war anil a member of the Astor Battery, doing service in the Philippine Islands; Alfred Edward, .John, Jr., Mabel and I-'loreiu-e (deceased). Mr. .lelJeme has always been a progressive citizen, and has dene nr.icli toward the development of I'assaic. COUNT GUY l)lSOAKl)-VA.\VE.\AU(iUES. B. S., was burn in Aix. Provence, France. .lannary (!th, 1.S41 He was educated in Paris, tintil admitted to the High School of Saint Cyr. a school corresponding to our Jlilitary Academy at '\^'est Point. Graduating from this he became an officer in the I''rencli cavalry, and rose in the course of a five years' service to the office of cnptain. After being out of service four years, hi; again joined the army, to t;ike part in the (Jerman war. This of Muntfaucon, Mens to tlicni. France. No childi-en have been bi COUNT GUY D'ISOARD-VANVENARGUES. B. S, UV1M-. Ill- was retired .is Chi-f d'Ksiailn.n. Ueiiiiii- t,, bis i-siati- near Aix, he engagiil in its oversight for a period of abuiit tw., years, when his spirit of unrest and adventure led nim to em igrate to this country. In ^S7'> he landed at New York and • eiinecied himself witli a French plate glass company dninu business in Howard street, .is superintendent of the manuf.ict- uring shojw. AVhen this business wascloseii in ISST, M. d'ls- oard conducted glass manufacturing at .■U-:JS Vestry street. New Y'ork. on his own account. Ill health compelled him to retire from tliLs business in I.StKl It was in INST tli.it M. d'Isoard built his present resilience at Nn. LSI Munrcie street, this city, where he has resided since that time. .M. d'lsoard's family is one of the oldest of the French nobility. The name Vanveuargues ap]K\nrs in tue history of D.-iiiphine so early as the 11th century. His family is ivlateil lo that of Laf.ayette. .\l. il'IsoiMirs father was an Ambassador of France, at Kuiiie. near the Pope. Pius IN. M. il'Isoard was engageil in the bat- lies of Orleans, and Patay. He wvis altacried lo the army of •.he Loire, during the seige of I'aris, in 1M70; hence was not a witness of the siege. JI. iVIsiiard is a member of Si. Nicholas' IJoinan Catholic Church, this city. He be<'aine a naturalized citi- zen in Nov.. l,sn.3. Ill politics he is a Kepiiblican. M. d'Is- oard was married in New York. May. DSSti to Leonie Lionel, ADOLl'll MAliTIN was born in Tanberbishofsheim, Baden. Gerniiiny, November 10. 1S48. He is the sou of Frank and Barbara Martin. His boyhood was spent with his pa- rents, in a grist mill and in millwrighting. He was educated at Tanberbishiifsheim. graduating from the High SchiMil of that city in ISIU. He then traveled through Germany for a CI uiile of years. In l.SlhS Mr. Martin was drafted as a sol- dier, when, instead of entering the army, he left for America, .ifter landing at New York he accepted a position with Chad- wick Brothers. Boiling Springs Bleachery, Carlton Hill. N. .1.. wliere ho remained eight years as a master mechanii. This til 111 removing its business to Newburgh. N. Y.. Mr. Martin fiillowed them in the same capacity, and remained wiili them 1:11 111" lomniemed business for himself in Passaic, in 1.SS2. 1 his liiisiness was the manufacture of wooden shells and niiihvrigliTing. These shells are used by iirinting. dyeing, paper .•11.(1 silk mills. They are made by a peculiar patented process. .111.1 have snpersedeil all those made by baud: 4lHl.tXK) of I belli are already in use. Mr. Martin fills orders for them, not only ill this <-ounlry. but in Germany ami Holland. This busi- III ss has grown up here under the experienced eye nf Mr. -Martin. His success has been continuous and highly gralif.v iiig. He has enlarged his plant from time to time, as occasion reiiuireil. It is a business that will be enduring, the product being always in demand: therefore, a source of constant revenue to himself and family and a Inndmark for the city. Ml. Miilin is a iiieiiilpey of Si. Niclicdas" Catholic Church. He has always been a liberal contributor to public charities, ci nsistent with his means. He is a Democrat, but not an offlce- .seeker. Mr. Martin married Miss .\bby Danenhauer. of Pa.s- saic, February 111. 1.S74. the daughter of .loseidi and Katlierine Danenhauer. who were for fifty-two .vears residents .if Pas- saic. Their silver .iiiniversary occurred February in ot llie picseiil ye:ir. .iiiil Was attended by a large circle of friends. will were the iloiiors of many beantifnl and costly scnivenirs. b:iglil "hildreii have blessed the marriage of Mr. ami -Mrs. .Marlin, all of whom are living and iiiimarried: Adolphns .loliii. .Vmolia May, Katherine Elviua. Abby Sabiua. Frances Carrie. Lister Thomas. .loliii Fdwanl and Itiith Marie. CIl.MtLKS i;. CISII.M.W. siiperintendent. was born at Havana. Ohio, in l*-.",!. I'lim lo his removal to Passaic, in IMH'i. he was loealed at Chicago. Illinois, ilr. Cnshmau occu- pies ilie responsible position of siiiierintendent of the New York Belting .ind Packing Company's factories located at Pas- saic and Sandy llook. Conn. He is a member of the Passaic Chill and the First Presbyterian Church. Mr. Ciishman's family consists of bis wite and three interesting children. UO'O -MAliSKI.l.rS. liioker. was born at the olil Mar- se'lns homestead on liiimlee Drive iiesr Passaic, being a son of lohn Cornelison and I'aiiuii iltoel Marse.liis. He received bis preliiniiiary ediicatioti at the piiblii- schools in Passaic, after V, liich he compleled his studies in Boston. Mr. Marselliis is a number of the Passaic. Yoniitakah Country and Ilackeusack Clubs ami of the Noiili Itelornied Chun li. lie is prominent SI ciallv and otherwise in Passaic. CdK.NKI.lIS \A.\ KVK.NDA.M. deceased, was born at Haarlem. Holl.ind. .lime :;. l.si'li. He was for many years prior to his death engaged i'l the coal and real estate business in Passilc. He was a large property owner and did iiiiiih ti.ward the development of Passaic. Ou .Vpril llii. l.S.">!l. Mr. Van Kyendain married Miss .lohanna Oilell. a native of Hol- Irnd. Seven children were born to them, all of wliinii are deceased, except one daughter. Miss Maggie. His widow still survives lijm. .iiul icsjiles ,it No. "J.")! Oak street. CLEMENS OSCAR KLEBER, Ph.D. DAVID DWYER JOHN HENRY HEMIC. JOHN W. LINOHOLM. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 ■^H ^p^l ^^1 H jm ^ Vh Tl fl ^^^^^^m JT ^- ^1 .1 ^^^^V- ^l^^^v ^. JM ADOLPH MARTIN. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC- 261 WIl.I.IA.M i:. i:. .\lll.l.i;i;. n. \-. S.. wjisliom near AII.mi- li.wii. .Miiiiii.nilh Comely. N. .1., Dit.-iiiIici- 2l). 1,Si;!l. ||,. js \Ur oliUst vi'tcrinm-.v suri;.'iiii in New .Icrscy, in iinicli\v Jersey. Dr. MilliT wiis imrii mi the old farm. He iitteiided tile eoininiiii scliool, anil, afti-r- wiird. reniiiii;j:toii Seminary. KniiliintiiiK in ISrilj. He. at lirst. CI iiased ill farmiii}: ami in praetii-ins veti'rinary s»r(ji>ry: Iml. in 1S(!2. lie enlisted in the Twenty-tliird Ke»;iineiit. New .lersey Viilnnleeis. In I.SCS lie was diseliarced. on aeeiinnl reil the American Vet- erinary Colle.trc. New York City, gradnatiii!; in 187!t. He was immediately placed upon the staff of (Jeiieral William H. Ster- ling, who was commissioned hy e<'inlly in the exaiiiinn- lion of animals for sonmlness. whi-ii lawsuits have riil>lisli<'d in lS.S,"i, and had an extensive circulation. Dr. .Miller is all active Kepiiblican, and during his residence at Caiinlen he was fiuir times, siici'essively. eleited Conncilmnn-atl.arge of that city. He was twice electect!> that the citizens of that city are now enjoying are. in a large measure, due to the efTorts of Dr. .Miller in agitating the mat- ter long before ordinances wee finally passed. Iiiileed. he was always one of the recognized leaders of the iMiily. Dr. Miller is a meiuber of the .\ew Jersey Veterinary Medicnl As- sociation: of the Pennsylvania State Medical .Vsso<'iation, of the Keystone Veterim;r.v Assuncan, of Paterson. N. .1. Ten children were the fniil of their union — seven now llviii',' ami three deceased. (;K0U(;E I{KTT1.\(;EK, hotil proprietor, is a native of Darmstadt, Germany, where he was burn. February 14, 1S2T. After receiving his education in the local schools of his native place, he becanu' an ap|irentice in the bakery and confec- tioner.v business. He has resided in Passaic fur twenty-six years. where he has been engaged in the hotel business as pioprietor of Hettinger's Hotel. Politically. Mr. Kettinger has always been a staunch Republican. He has tilled the office of Coun-zilman. as well as that of Freeholder, In both of these official positions honest.v and integrity characterized all his aurehased by violin mak- ers, who pronounced the wood the lies! of its kind for making violins. Several of the large sewers built on the principal streets during recent years have been constructed by Mr. Maybury, under whose personal supervision the work was carried on. Mr. Maybury is a nu'inber of a local Scottish Clan and is interested in the formation of Scottish societies, he having been instrumental in the formation of Clan McLean of this city. CH,\HLES S.\.\IiEi;S, mason and builder, was born at Kinross, Coiuily uf Kinrusshire, Scotland, February 2, 18,"):!. His father was a mason and builder of that place, after which he was located in Kdinbmgh, where the subject of this sketch liarned his trade. In 1S.SI Mr. Sanders decided to come to -Vnierica. Leaving Edinburgh, he went direct to New York Cly, where In' resided for ten years. For the past five years he has resided at Wallington and East Rutherford, N, J„ now- biing a resident of the latter plair, where he is well and favorably known, Mr. Sanders was married, November 2(1, I87,''>, to Miss Eli/.abeth Roy. Eleven children have been born. thri'C of whuin arc alive. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 265 .lOSKI'lI II. W IIICllT. Cciunil M^inajjoi- u{ the United Stiiti's l'"iiiisliiiif.' CiiupiMiy. was liiirii at ratcrson. N. J.. A|iril 1(i, IS."):!. 1 Ir ii,ii\ 111 his cdiicatioii in tlic ;)iil)nc schools of that tit.v. Oil linisliiiij; his school days, ho licsaii his Imsinoss career as othce hoy in tlie l>Mnilee Dye and Print Works, then jnst I'slalilishi'd liy I'l'ter IJcid and Henry A. Harry. Thronsh iiidnslry. conjiled with natural aliility. ilr. Wrichl rosi' in the I'onrsi- ol' time to tlie [xisition ol' chief clerk, anil npoii the death of William I. Kan\, in 1S!l."i. heianiu General Snperinlendent. wliicli iiiliic lie held uiiiil the concern was merged, together with ilic iillicr nil. si iiiiiiiirtant concerns in the same line. into llir I'nitiil Sl.itis Finishing Company. The consolida- tion of these corporations and the organization of the Uniteil States Finishing Company were acccmiplisheil largely throngh his efl'orls, .mil he is now til-.' active head ot the con- cern. Mr. Wright is pre-eminently a self-made man. his Imsi- ni-ss career being withoiil parallel in I'assaic tor uniform, steady, unvarying sncce.awson. a daughter of Robert Daw- .son and Mary Hopkins. She was a cousin of .Johns Hopkins, the Baltimore philanthropist and founder of the university there, and a grand-niece of (ieneral .lames Sewall, a famous soldier and politician, who was in command of Fort McHenry di ring the war of 1812, and was in the fort when '"The Star Spangled Banner" was written. He was a candidate for Gov- ernor of Maryland, niid his country sent, Holly ITnll. Ih mill in a good stale of preservation, anil is one of tin- |H>inU of historic interest in Cecil County. His fath.T. .I.din Hughe., was liorn at Binibrhlge. a suluirl. of Belfast. Ireland, of n well-known family, and came to this coiinlry with Ilia parent!) In lS.->4, seiiling at North I'.asI, Cecil County. Md. Seriiring a position with the wholisiile lionso of Liiini«ieii & Company, in Ballimore, he was taken into partnership within two yenm. At tlie beginning of the Itebcdlion. when Hiitler look imswhKi.ui of the I'ity. h<' was one of its leailing nierchniitx, controlling tin- salt and provision inarkets, and having eiuitracts with the British (ioverniiienl for supplying its army and inivy. On accoiml of his Southern tendencies, he was oldigiKl to h-iive Baltimore, and ca to New York, when- he heciiiiie n promi- nent shipper ami one of the leading s|H>culalorH on the PriHiiice Exchange. Having I i trained to the linen linsinesH In Hel- f.ist, he and his brother started the lirm of George Hughes & Company, in 1S(!2, afterward located at V.I8 and 2,f)lKl of endorsements on his brother's paper, was followed by the panic of l.S7;{. in which all was wrecked. The family, ill r-onseuuence of tln-se re- verses, returned to the farm on Chesapeake Ba.v, formerly used as their suiu'iier home, in lS7t!. To the son. Frank, then a youth of sixtecM. the i|niel routine of farm life becgiine irksome, ai.d he determined to leave thu^farm and strike out for liiiii- stlf. He became interested in the block system of telegraphy, then in use on the Pennsylvania Railroad ninniiig throngh the farm, and resolved to study telegraphy. He left home in 18S2. and after a brief course in u Philadelphia technical scliool secured a position as ojieralor at the Clifton station on the Delaware. Lackawanna and Western Railroail. Here. amid the scenes of his father's losses, his ambition for real estate was kindled, and. having be<'n successful in a single important deal, locating the Clifton Rubber Company at that [•lace, he decided to enter the real estate busines.s, and came to Passaic early in l.S.S(; and opened a small olllce on Blooni- lield avenue. His first business announcement apiK-ared in 'J'he Daily News about March 1 of that year. The ranks among dealers in local real estate were well tilliMl at that lime. and to one of less resolute nature there would have sei-med to !»■ little chance for a newcomer. Yet. without means, or even aciinaintances. and in the face of slnuig prejnilice, .Mr. Hughes has fought his way. step by step, nnlil he has phiceil himself at the head of this line of business in the eouiily, if not in the State. Muidi of his business, also, is Iransai-ted in New York City, where he ranks iiinoug the leading brokers. In 188!) and 18!M> he was employe*! by the Boards of Trade in several large towns in the Indiana natural gas tield. and si-ciit simie time aiding the development of that section, and .some of his Iran.sactUuis have reacheil us far west as Cali- fornia. His first sale of [iroperty in Passaic was made for the late Elo Kip. Rsii.. in .Iniie. ISSC. The first large deal in realty in the city effected by Mr. Hughes was the sale of the former parsonage tract of the First UefonniHl Church, on Lexington avenue. Since then, with one exception, he lias III en the agency in selling and improving every large trait of hiid in ami around the city, and he has bnilt himself, or Imi-u 266 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. instrnnic:it:i! in havinj; liuilt. over 5(10 lnniscs witliiu the city limits To acc-omplisli this, it was m-ci'ssar.v to bring about ccmbinations of outside capital to handle these properties, n.any of which were too large for individuals to develop prop- erly and profitably, and since 1880 he lias organized the follow- ing companies, he being secretary of all lint two. manager of all but one, and either president or treasurer of the others: — The Passaic Park Company, Passaic Bridge Land Company, Hillside Land Company. Main Avenue Improvement Company. Minerva Land Company. Passaic Cit.v Land Compan.v. Pas- saic Homestead Coaipauy, .T. li. Hiitchii son Land Company. Ccoley Land Company. Crescent Real Estate Company. Ln- janovits Land, Heiile Land and the Park Heights Land and AVater Companies. Mr. Hughes was also the organizer of the People's Building and Loan Association, now the leading oi:e of the city, and one of the most prominent in the forma- tion of the Hobart Trust Company. Passaic's new and latest bank. He is also a stockholder in the P.issaic NatJMiial Hank and the Passaic Trust and Sale Dipdsil ('nin]iany. In unlei- to help him ill securing a foothold in the <-ity, and as an aid to the real estate part of his business. Mr. Hughes tnuk the agenc.v of the Liveriiool and I^ondon and (ilobe Insurance Company in 1880. and has continued his interest iu that Mne to the present time, icpiescnting as liesident Agi'iit. in addition to the Liverpool and London .-ind (ilobe. the Nurth Riilish and Mercantile. Queen. German .Vniciican. Xrw York Under- writers. Xetherlands. Frankfort American. Pennsylvania. American. Northwestern National. Travelers and Fidelil.\- and Ci.sualt.v Insurance Companies. Mr. Hughes has never been active in local iiolilics. e.\<-ept as he has always been iiiter- eirted in all that tends to the development and improvement of the community. He has been president of the Board of Tr.-ide. and is a nienibcr of ibr Passaic Club, Tennis Club. North .lersey Country Club. Vdiiiilakali Couiilry Club of New Jersey and Commercial Cluli .-nid ihe .Maiylaii.l Smicty of New York. He is, also, a member of the I'.nniil .pf Gov- ernors of the Passaic (Jeneral Hospital .iiicl a trustee Of the young Men's (.'liristian .Vssucialinn. 'riicre are very few who are f.-iniiliar «illi the facts "Fl.it Inui." the abode .if a saloon, on this bit of land can realize what a transformation has been wrought by the election, in its pl.iee. Ihiee years ago. of Mr. Hughes' new ollice building. It is a handsome, three-story ai.d basement structure of Indiana limestone and Koman brick. The tirst floor is used by Mr. Hughes as a general real estate and insurani'c oflice. and is fitted up with every convenience for carrying on the various details of his business. The base- ment is elaliorately furnished, and oi. tains .Mr. lluglies' pri- vate ollice and a general meeting, or ilirectors'. room for the unmerous was a inombei- nf tlie Hoard of FiUu-ntion. from ISTt! to ISTS. In this city he has lieen Connrilnian since lSO-1. In ISIKS hi' was atipointed Conrt House Commissioner, viie Moses ii. Worthen. deceased. Colonel I'.trker w'as married, March 5. ISilT. to Mary A. Iloagland, of ,Iersey City. There was born to thini one son, Fred A., now living. His mother was Eng- lish-honi: his father's family, on Imih sides — I'arker and Tyler — have resided in this country since early in the seventeenth century. Both families %vere represented in the Revolutionary war. Colonel I'arker has a musket carrieil liy one of them through that war. Colonel I'arker is a hale, hearty style of man, loving good fello«shii), and is sturdily heliiing to make history in the municii)al affairs of this city. lie is a member of the Baptist Church, of the llaniillou Club, Paterson, N. .1.: Aciiuackanonk Club, Passaic, N. .1.; Lodge of the Temple. F. aiul A. M.. .Jersey City; Knterpriso Chapter, !■'. and .\. M.. Jersey City; W.irren Council, F. and A. M., Jersey City; Hugh de Payens Comniandery, F. and A. M.. .lersey City: Scottish Kite Bodies. F. .ind .\. .M.. Jersey City; Mecca Temple, Mystic Shrine. F. ami A. M.. New York City; Lincoln Lodge, I. O. (). F., Jersey City; H ainony ICncampment, I. (). O. 1".. Jersey City; Faithful Council, U. A., Passaic. AVILLIAJI .MALCOLM, merchant, was born at Manches- ter, England, February !(!, 1S4(>, where he received a careful education in the schools of that place. In 1877 Mr. Malcolm located in Passaic, where he established himself as a book- seller and manufacturing stationi'r. a Imsiness which since then has grown to huge propoitions. .Mr. .Malcolm is a lu-oniinent m.Muln'r of a number of .social and benevolent organizations, among which are Pas.saic Lodge. .N... Ii7. !•'. and .\. M.; Cen- tennial Chapter, No. 34, R. A. .\I.; .Melit.i Comniandery No. 13, K, T,; New Y'ork Consistoiv Sr.,tti>h IJite, 31!d degree, and Jlecca Temple, \. A, I). N. M. S.; United \Vorkmeii, Scottish Clans, Passaic Ledge, B. P. O. E. No. 387, and the First Presbyterian Church, I'olitically Mr. Malcolm is a Ke- publican. and is at present Treasurer of the city of Passaic, a position he h.is tilled satisfactorily for several years, Mr. Malcolm iiianied .Miss Mary Cheshire, of Manchester. Eng- land. October lit;, 181)7. Thi y have one child, a son, who is in partnership with him. He is prominently identitied with many business interests of the city, lieiiig one of the founders, and for seventeen years the secretary, .if the Mutual Loan and Building Association; treasurer and secretary of the National Brick and Terra Cotta Company; treasurer of the Board of Trade, treasurer of the Uasbrouck Heights Company, secre- tary of the Bogart Heights C'. and lie is still a director in these institutions. He wnM one of Ihe organizers of Pussiiie Cenernl Hospitnl, ami for n tiini- was one of its (iovernors. He Ih a meinber of the B.iiird of Trade and president of the Home Building and I^>iin .\K»ocin- liiiii— from its organization. Mr, Bowew i* a memlHT of llw Ai'i|uackarionk Club. He has lieeii idontilied with inoKt nil of the eliaritiible and social iiistitnlions nf our city. He is a genlleiiian having many friendx, easy of approach and pleasing in manner; a great hunter— the Niinrod of the city: ni d, also, an enthnsiastic disciple of Izaak Walton, HiK col- lection of natural histcry— the reHult of his liunting expedi- tions and his skill in taxidermy— is seiond to noiii- in the Slate. i;i< II Al;l> oriW .\TEK, a veteran nierelinnt of thin cily, was born at Sadille Uiver, Bergen County. X. J., May 1.">, 1.S40. After re<-eiving a common sc-hool eilui-alion. he wl (Uit at tiie age of lifteeii to li-arn piano-making. Bill he ilid not long continue at this. He chose lather (he business of the II I nliant .-ind went into the i-niploy of Hobert Iteniiie, at RICHARD OUTWATER. Lodi. N. J. In 18|kS Mr. Outwater openeil a griM-ery store in this city, where he continued to trade and prosper until the spring of the present year |1S!«»|. But all these years Mr. Outwater has not confined his business within the four walls of his store. Scarcely has there been a time when he was not actively engaged in exploiting some far-reaching i-nterprise, such as lairchasing a large tract in Houdiirns. Ihe village of Ilion. N. Y'., or a ranch in California. Whatever schenu-s he associated with, when carried into e\eenlioii. grew in iiniwr- taiice and yieldeil irratifying returns. .Mr. Outwater is pronii- lui'tly connected today with a iiiiiiiber of corporations and finan- cial institutions: The Dundee Woolen Mills, aiuitable Land Company. Elmira Muiiieip:il liiiproveineni Company, and the People's Bank. Of each of tin' above he was one of the imtir- porators. The Eliiiirn .Municipal IinproveiiuMit Couipnny was n scl eme havin;: its origin in the fertile brain of Dr. tJinirge 268 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. N. Moitoii, of New York City. Mr. Outwater took a leading |iiiit in carrying its affairs to success. The gas and electric plants of that ctiy were bought up: also, the water works, street railway and Inter-State Fair Grounds: all these were consolidated into one corporation in the year 1891-92. The panic or 189.^> disconcerted their plans, however, and the com- pany was thrown into the hands of a receiver, owing, largely, it is said, to the hostile attitude of the Mutual I.ife Insurance Company of New York. It must be remembered that it was a N( w .lersey incorporation, capitalized for .$1.1HK 1.(100, and bended for .fl^SOO.OOO. Tlie attorney for the stockholders was \cry solicitous of getting the business out of the receiver's hands. It was through the skilful management of Mr. Out- water that this was speedily accomplished. Whereupon he was elected president of the company. A reorganization is at piesent in progress. It will be seen, therefore, that Mr. Out- water has, really, not retired from business. He has left the pent-up store life to give wider play to his well-recoguized busi- niss talents. Mr. Outwater was married. April 24, 1872. to Christiana Zabriskie, of Hergcu County. Two sons have lieen born to this union: Anderson Z.ibriskie and Richard Irving. .Mr. Outwater is of Huguenot origin. He traces his ancestors b;:cU to the Von Otitwaters of Holland, some of whom were gieat masters in art. Captain .lohu Outwater was one of the Minute Men in the Kevolution, and was afterward appoiuteil .Judge by the Governor of New .Tersey. Mr. Outwater is in- tensely a Uepublicau. He has been Councilman one term and Cilj" Treasurer two or three terms. He is a member of the First Reformed Church: with this church himself and his father's family, on both sides of the house, have always been i(l( utitied. ALICE HARTLEY lURDK K, M. I)., daughter uf the late Rernard Hartley, of I'atersou. .\. ,1 . was born. .May 7. 1835. She received her preparatcu-y education at Professor R^:nkin's school, at Deckertowu. N. .!., and, at the age of eighteen, married Houseman I)e Haun. of I'atersou, X. .1., to whom she bore three children: Charles, who has been an inv.'ilid from birth; Edwin, a leading ph.vsician of this city, and \Villiam, who died in infancy. I'pon the death of her father Jlr. Do Haun wis appointed executor of his estate and, also, guardian of his two brother.s-in-law, William G. Hart- ley, M. D., now of New York City, and Major .Tolni E. Hart- ley (deceased). At the age of twenty-one, the subject of this sketch, believing there should not be two purses between hus- band and wife, signed away all her right and title in the estate of her father: but several years afterward, in her hnsbaiul'.s reverses, everything was lost! Then it was that Mrs. De Bann, now I>r. .\lici' H.irtley Hurdick, seeing that llu' piotection and the education of lu'r children would de- volve upon her. resolved to take up the stuily of meili- ciiie. It may be said that she was to the manor born, fiu- the Hartley family has not been without a physician for two hundred ye.irs. It was Dr. David Hartley, one of her an- cestors, who in the last century, was described as a studious physician, ami who wrote learned works on p.sychology and the gray matter of the brain. In this new venture Dr. Rur- dick was greatl.v assisted and encouraged by Dr. S. Clemence Ltsier, founder of the Homoeopathic College f(U' Women in New York City. She entered this college niul remained two years. She would have tinished her stinlies here, but a change of professors occurred, and she, with several other students, withdrew and entered the Eclectic College, from which she graduated with the highest honors. Dr. Alice Hartley Runliik has practiced medicine, suci-essfnily, for a period of thirty yiar.s, making a specialty of the diseases of women, gynecology. She greatly delights in her work, ami hopes "to die in har- ness." On ,Iune 4, 1873, she married S. Towel Burdick. M. D.. of I'ater.sou N. J.. Professor of Obstetrics in the Homoeo- pathic Medical College of New York City. One child, a daugh- ter (deceased), was born to this marriage. Dr. Alice Hartley Burdick is a member of the Episcopal Church and. also, of the Monday Afternoon Club, of this city. (J. EDWIN BROWN. M. D.. one of the physicians of Pa.ssaic, was born near Sufferu. N. Y., and is one of a family of two brothers. His brother, Irving, is a lawyer practicing in Itockland County, N. Y., and for the past two years has been a member of the New York State Assembly from Rocklanry otticial position connected with the orgaiii/.atlon. DA\'ID DWYER. manufacturer, was born at Hinsdale. Massachusetts, in 18,')4. He received a common school educa- tion in the public schools of his native town. In 1884 Mr. Dwyer located at Passaic, and later removed to Garlielil. N. .1.. ^^ Inue he now resides, b( ing the secretary and general super- iuteiulent of the Garfield Woolen Company, in which he is largely interested. On September 14, 187(!, Mr. Dwyer married Miss H. A. Walsh of Hinsdale. They have nine children, all of whom are living. Mr. Dwyer is a member of St. Nicholas' Roman Catholic (^liiirch and of a number nf church societies. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 269 AI.KXAMU'.l; KINISI.K 11 M . I)., was liurii, Febru- :ny 14. 1S44. in ll.ilicin, Austria. Ili' was rdiKati'd ill the stiiuuls .. was b..rn .Tuly ITth. IStiS, in (iaiicia, Austria. After atlcuding the lower schools in G-al- icia, he entered the Seminarium in Uezoszow, Galicia, remain- York Law School, ami graibiaied ihcri-froni, receiving the do- groo of LL, K, Mr. Kuntslich has reiidi d in lliiM city two years. He is a member of the Alumni of the New York Law School, of Newark High School mid the Newark f'liiBHlcnl Clnb, Aglssiz-Dana Si-etion. In iKdities he is n National Ue|iuh- lican. In munii-ipal affairs, however, he voten for the lictit man. A\1!(»N .MIM.INCTON HK.MION. real etitnle nnd in- surance btokcr, was bi.rn at I'aterson. N, .1,. NovoiuImt 5, 1S72. He is the son of ,I(din and Anna iMillingtonl tleiniun, both being natives of New .lersey. .Mr. Ilemion was n pupil at the jiiiblic schools in Tas-saic. After Icnving schue in law. Fmm there he went to the New DR. A. KUNSTUICH. S. H. KUNSTLICH, L.L.B. first, to modern macliiiicry. Mr. Kevitt has iieeii a builder on n large scale, has represented the Thiril \Vard in the City Council, and is noted as an indefatigable worker. He Mvcs at Paiilison avenue and Grant street. CHAULES AUtJUST S'llM.l.lM ; is a native of thtcrn- dorf, Germany, having been born Uebni.iry >',. lS"il. In 1S7.'{ he located in Passaii . where he eii,;aged in the jewelry trade, and is at present one of the rddest merchants in that line in the city. Mr. Stelling has for several years lieeii assistant superintendent of the Paterson and Pa.ssaic Gas and Electric Company, for which he is pecnliarly fitted. lie is a mem- ber of the E.xempt Firemen's .V.sswiation, Koynl Arc,Tnum and of a number of Masonic societies. He is n Repnidicnn, but Lot an oince-i^eeker, ttn February 1, ISTii, Mr. Stelling mar- ried -Miss Lottie E. .lelleme >f Passaic. Th.-y have two chil- dren—William .\, and Edna M. Mr. Stelling was one of the first memliers of old Ciunpany B. Fi>iirth Kegiment, and retired with the rank of captain, after having In-en in commnnd of the coniiiany for soino years. He is one of the memliers of Company B, Fourth Regiment. Veteran .Vssociation. which meets annually for a dinner and theatre party in New York to renew old friendships, and talk over the merry days in the early history of the loiiipany. 270 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. I'KAXK II. WILLIAMS. iUDpn.-tor of tli.' Tagnda Ho- tel, was lioni at rrovidencf, K. I., in 1848. He conies of stood olil New England stock, being directl.v descended from Rojier A^'ilIianl.s, the founder of Ithode Island. His education was begun in the public schools of Providence, and completed b.v a twelve months' course at a business college. At the age of fifteen he enlisted in the Tenth Uhode Island VoIunte<'rs, it being one of the regiments raised un.(I'M1 troops made by President I.,incoln in May. l,S(i2. when the city of Washington was supposed to be in danger. At the ex- piration of his three months' term of service, young Williams re-enlisted for nine months in the Eleventh Khode Isl.uid \dl- i.nteers, in which he served his full term, seeing service, large- b confined to North Carolina and Virginia. Vpon returning from the war, he determined to devote his attention to photographic v.ork. He liecimo an apprentice in the employ of L. AVright, a prominent photographer of Providence. The following year, at the age of eighte;>o. .Mi-. Williaiiis cngagecl in tlu' Inisiiu'ss induced to invest ten thousand (Inll.-irs in the stncU of the Haden Natural Gas Company of Western Pennsylvania. The venture proved so disastrous that he never received back one IK-nny of the money invested, as the company failed before their plant was completed. At about the same time he was also investing thousands of dollars in Brooklyn real estate, again sf.staining heavy losses; and, again, to add to his financial troubles, he became an indorser of notes for friend.s, subse- (luently losing heavily. In 1890 he purchased what was known as the "Chinese House" property at Passaic Bridge, believing that a fair luotit could be quickly realized: but again disap- I>ointinent seemed to be his fate. He found the property uu- salabli' ( ven at the price he had paid for it. and to keep it from going to ruin he was compelled to occupy it himself. It was suggested that it would be a splendid place for a hotel or club house, and Mr. \\'illiams. believing a fir.st-dass business of that sort was needed in that locality, applied for and re- vived a license to coiidmt a house of thar kind. On May THE PAGO oil his own ai-cciiiiil in the village of K;ist (ireemvich. K. I.. wluM'e he rem. lined for more than live years. In ISTd he removed to the larger town of Central Falls, U, I., and during the foll,)wing year he purchased a photographic studio in the adjoining city of Pawtucket, where he remained until 1878, Believing there was a better fielil for his business in Eu- rope, Mr. Williams went to England, locating at Birming- ham. Kinding he had made a mistake, he returned to this <•( untry the following year, and located at 08.5 Broadway, New Yf.rk City, where he remained for si.xteen years. For several years the business was successful, so much so. that Mr. Wil- liams estim.ited his profits at from ten to fifteen thousand dollars per year. I^ater. owing to so much competition, the business dwindliMl to harilly a paying basis, and he was compelled to seek something more remunerative. Possessing a good surplus of read.v cash, Mr. Williams began to look around for profitable investments. To illustrate how ill-luck sonx'tinies pursues the most careful business man. he was DA HOTEL- i;4. IS'.i:!. imiK-r tlie name of the Pagod.-i Hotel, tlie place was opened to the public. From the beginning the venture was a great success. It liecame the favorite hosti'lry with the iKtter class of pleasure-seekers through the whole of Northern New .lersey. as well as being popular with iM'ople residing in New York City and Brooklyn. The building was of unique architecture, to which no doubt part of its success was due. People from all sections have visited the locality out of curi- osity to see the peculiar-looking house that had always been clcrsed to the general puMie. Its spacious halls and parlors and the plan of the rooms in general were peculiarly adapted to its lien- use. After a successful period covering several yi ars, Mr. Williams again suffered a misfortune. On the nuirning of .Inly :i. IS',17, the "Pagoda" was completely de- stroyed by fire, the occupants barely having time to make their escajH'. On account of the excessive rates, Mr. Williams carried but little insuronco, and what was realized was paid over to the nioitgai-'ee. Being possessed of more than ordinary JOHN SWr.NSON. LARS SWENSON. JOHN KARL. I'hiet ot (JurdeUI Fire Dept. CHARLES SANDERS. JOHN THOMAS SIMMS. HUGH MULHOLLAND. JACOB A. TROAST. MATTHEW J. VAN Lf.EUWEN. THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 273 plurk, Mr. Williams w.is nut to lie ilisci.uniKcil. 'Witlun ii tew hours, lie li;i same tensive alterations, and on .\ngnst 1, 1S!17, the "New Pa- jiod.i" was opened. The popnlarit.v of the new house has ever since been on the increase. Mr. Williams determined lo retain the old name. "I'afioda," for two reasons: First, to better in- icrm the nlil patrons of the new location, and, second, it is not improb.ible that at some future tinu' a new hotel of the same st.vie as the burned structure ina.v be built on the old site. The present Pajroda Hotel is inust ccuiveniently located, being but a moment's walk from the Erie station at Passaic Hridge, and is also in close proximity to the Newark and Palerson trolley system. So iJuiHilar li.is the establishment liecome, that it is now (luitc llie lliiuf.' for parlies to telephone an honr in ad- v;'nce of their arrival, orilcrini; a line collation served in Mr. AA'illiams" famous style. The inenti and wine list are marvi'l, of completeness for a hotel outside of a great city. Alniest everything coiulncivi' In the must critical epicure's njipetite can be obtaiiu'd at a inomeut's notice. Oysters, clams and ^anie .are always to be had in their season; meats and vege- tables are of the l)est the markets supply. When planning an cxtursion or theatre party, and you desire an excellent re- past, the "Pagoda" is the only place that oEfers what you want. By calling Telephone No. IS'l H. I'assaic, you can order what- ever you ilcsirc. thus insuring a iinick service upon your ar- rival. IIl^■I^•G C. M.VTTIIE\A'S, auctioneer, was born, .Tune 30, l.l,")!. in Schoharie Coiinty. N. Y. In 1S.S."> he removed to Pas- saic, where he has since resided. Mr. .M.atthews is a member of the Masonic Order, of Knights of Pythi- as. Ancient Order liiileil Workmen, Kxcnipt Firemen and the .\.e(inacka- lionU. frirmerly the Washington Club, lie has always lira a llepublican, and was for one lirm Sihool Com- missioner, which position he tilled very satisfactorily. May. 22. 1.S77. Mr. Matthews married Miss Klla F. Die- fendorf, of Cobles- kill, N, Y. They IRVING C. MATTHEWS. ^^,,.,^ ,„.„ i,,,^,.^.,^. ing children: Lillie and Una. Mr. Matthews does an extensive bi:siness in his special line, and has conducted the sales of many of the leading real estate transactions in Passaic and the vicinity. He is also the head of the Eureka Storage and Auc- tion Company, organized in l.SiM!. It is the most extensive es- tal'lishment of its kind in Passaic. Another important branch of Mr. JIatthews' business is the buying and selling of furni- ture of every description. Many unique and antique pieces in the latter line find, their way into Mr. Matthews' possession. WILLIAM O. BUSH WII.I.I.WI II. m.SH, nierehnnt, wqh burn nl I/o, which slionhl s.-ek fi'r better aicoinniodalions for the school ami put furtli enorts Im I'idar.'i' its influence .Such .1 eoininittii' wnx formed, the -Vycrii.';.' hoini-slead Icasi'd. and on the first of Slay the school took fiu'inal possession of the biiihiin;;. Tills stately olil ii:!ii-i..n, l.iiill l.v ih.. Imi.. .I..Ii-. It.-iiiL.T Vv.r,,.,. \l l>., ju HOME OF COLLEGIATE SCHOOL. ■was niridc princip.'il nt ihe sili.».l. wliicli oii.-ncd in the fall v.itli forty pupils. I'mspects l'(U- the ruliire seenieil nmst flat- terins: in the early spring, however, the hearts of i)arents. teachers ami pupils were saddened by the sudden death of Jfiss Von .M..ss of tuition were raised. I'lider Ihe new schedule of l.'^-HI. seems iire-emineiitly suited for this purpose. The luiild- iiig is r>tl\S(l fi-et. with ceilings IS fi'et high on the first, and H liet on the second floor. A hall. I'lt feet wide, divides the house. The drawing-room. ."). with sniitlierii e.\|Mi.inre. is devoted to the kindergarleii. Two rooms, (lireetly over this, L.'x'Jo feet, are occupied liy the senior and juiuor deparfmonls. The primary cleparlinent has appropriated the library, on the first floor, a room •27,\\S fei-t. There is ample space for n-ci- t:.tioii rooms, gynnasiiim and lunch riMini. aUo for the «• • commod itioii of II niimher of resident pupils. The liM'ation is most healthful, ami is 1 venieiit. especially for pnpils n-siding ill adjacent towns. The object which the .Bonn) of DireetorM 276 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. have in mind is to provide for those wlio prefer a private school one in which pupils from kinderfiarten to college entrance may lie given the advantages of the best methods or education, ap- l)li('(l by well-trained and experienced teachers. To secure this object and maintain the general policy of this school, about .$4.0(10 in excess of its income has been expended during the past four years. The aim of the board is to enlarge and ini- piovc the school, so that in method of work and standard of scholarship it shall be second to none; thereby to attract to I'assaic people of education and means, who would, in the ab- stnce of such a private school, choose other suburban towns a.- a place of residence. Those interested in this work are neither in competition with, nor antagonistic to, the public schools, but rather seek to give symiiathy and encouragement to the earnest efforts which are being made to give Passaic as coini)lete a system of public education as possible. The school has the privilege of entering pupils without examination at Wellesley, Smith and Ml. Holyoke colleges. Last .Tune candi- d;;tes were i)resented for examination at Mt. Holyoke and Vassar, and students are preparing for various other colleges. Beys are received in all departments below the senior. Tlie members of the ne.v Financial Committee are: Mrs. William I. Karry, IJobert I). Benson, H. (Jregory Corona, Oscar Dress- ier, Francis K. Fitch, Harry W. Hedge, George Maclagan. Albert E. .Mitchell, .Julius Koehrs. .Joseph II. Wright. THE rASS.\IC P.rsi.NKSS COI.I.KCI-; .\.M) SCIlonl. OF MUSIC AND I-.V-NCU'-itJES, now located in the new and handsome Imildini: on Lexington avenue. Nos. ll!7 to 17'J. corner of Sherman street, was established .Inly 7, 1800, in the Morrisse Building, Main avenue, by Professor .V. Hartkorn. Three students to attend the day sessions and one llu' eviiiing class were enrolleil. It persevered in the face of tins poor encouragement, doing splendid work, showing good results, and has in the course of three years educated hundreds of young men and women, not only of this city, but from .lersey City, lloboken. New York, Chicago, Washington, Philadelphia and uumbers from the surrounding towns and vicinity. Its gradu- ates from the Conunereial and Stenographic Departments hold responsible positions in some of the largest Banks, Ileal Estate Agencies, Insurance Companies. Wholesale Houses. Law Firms, Stock Exchange, MilLs, Produce Exchange, Etc., lOte. Dr. Charles M. Howe, JIayor of the City of Passaic, in his Address at the Graduating Exercises held in the College .\u- ditorium on iluue 30, 18',)0, said: "Our city is proud of this Institntiou. and great credit is due its Principal. Professor and have them prepared for a practical Independent life, and it gees to show that this has been appreciated by these graduates who have drawn this large and appreciative audience here to- PASSAIC BUSINESS COLLEGE. Hartkorn, for erecting such a magnitirthand — all the leading systems Typewriting. Spelling, Commercial I..aw. -Vrithmetic, Rapid Calculations, Correspond- ence, Mauif ikliug, Otti for scholastic attainment, inaicle this an easy task for him. Had he not been a successful i>eda- gogue, it is safe to predict that lie would have become an able jurist, \\hile attending college at the University of Vermont, he eujo.ved the social life anil cultivating inlluence of such families as those of Senator (-.eo. F. Edmunds, of Edward T. I'helixs, e.\-Minisier to the Court of St. .kimtts, of I'resiilent Bucliham, and of the members of the faculty. Being fond of oratory and public si>eaking, before entering upon liis lifeiwork of teaching, he became a member of t'he Nation.-U School of Oratory at I'hilailelphia. Here he obtaincdl the careful drill that, added to natural gifts, made him a talented and magnet- ic s|>eaker. He carefnlly preiviriil himself to become a thor- oughly practitvil instructor in his profession. Invited by in- fluential citizens of the city of Paterson. .N. .!.. he founded a college preparatory school, that from a small institution has grown to be a flourishing sc4iool, ranking witli the best in tlie State. The students from this school are, or have been, in ^■.■llc. ll.irvard. Princeton, Untgors, I>afayette, Univi>irsity of New York and the AVoman's College of Baltimore, The suc- ciss attained by Dr. MacChesne.v is in evidence daily, judging by the number of students attending his school, a most fitting reward fnv his fourtetni ye.ars of endetivor to bring to perfec- tion a scTiool whose graduates are received into twenty-one of the leading Collegi>s and Universities without a preliminary examination. No higher commendation oan be given to au.v scluK)l. Univer.sit!es grant this privilege to those preparatory schools onlj" whose work is of exceptioral character. The students wishing to enter business are thoroughl.v iijuipped here to attain this end. All things are tinder the THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC thor 277 guidance ami supervixion of the principal iiml pn)|.rl..|iir, Mr .MacChi'sney feels assuri'd ilnit. with the iiicrcn>ir lenchiiig invented anil adopted by Dr. .MacCliexney conclusively pn.vo ll.at Dr. .Maifhesney's iiiotto is vorifnil— thorough, progrcK- sivi^lhorough teaching, progressive idean. In one we«'k. re- cently, he had i-ight calls for stiidentM, and during the last Kcho- lastic ,vear he has filled one hundred and eight} -two |HisiiionH. Students attend this college from witliiii a radius of fifty niilm. The rates of tuition are very rea.soinilile. The n-guliir nite is .$"2r> a ipiarler and the studicsi «r«' optional with n sliulenl. classical, scientific and business, or all. at no extra priiv, Ur. MacOhesney is endorsed by the pnisidents of more than twen- ty-one colleges in the country. This slionhl Ik- a guarantee to the parents of the advisability of sending their sons .-ind daughters where the advantages are legion. KiirtlitT partico- 'iir^ can 1 btained by writing to the college for illustrntiil catalog lie. r. K. I^'avens, D. D.:— I wish to take this opportunity to say how greatly pleased I am at the interest my boy has shown in his studies this jear, and at the progre-s he has made. I thank you for your interest in him am! your earffuluess in his liainiiig. Cornelius Van Riper, M, D.:— It afTords me the greatest pleasure to testify to the e\i>e|lenl work done by niy two sons while under your care for the last five ytars. I want to thank you for their thorough preparation. Yoii uiidoiibleilly understand the true system of education, which, to my mind, is to teach scholars the facts they should learn, and to inspire them with that love of knowK-ilge which neressarily lends to studious habits, and must result in intellectual growth. Dr. Sullivan. ex-I'rcsident of Board of Kdm-atioii:— I have been aciiuainted with Dr. MacChesney for fiftii-n years, and from my knowledge of him I feel justified in saying that he possesses rare abilit.v for his work. I can nio«t elie<-rfiilly lecommeiid his school to parents who have children t,, i.ln- late. His privileges are rare for priivs charged. The I'aterson "Morning Call":— MncChesney's i-oll.ge of- fers more facilities than any other school in t'aterson. Besidex the usual courses, the Commercial Department incluiles sleii- ograpliy, typewriting and lleiiuan, I'oslmaster D. W. .Malmny :— What I particularly admin' is the honesty of the work done in ytuir institution. Pupils that go to your school thinking that it is an easy place to put ill time will soon learn thit they have sootl solid work to iiiMii'ri'i:il iii.lnslrii's, licsiiK's iiiaiiy which, tiimi^'h siimllcr', arc nt cDiisiilcralilc size ami iiniiiiisc. >[aiiy i>f Ihciii liuve Ihm'ii ff-'talilislici! hi'ir fur iliii-tv vi'.irs. ami havi' ^rrowii steailily. Most iif thiMii shuw llicir siiiicss liy con.stainly ciihirjiinK timii- plants, ami all ciiioy snlistanl iai prosiicrily. They rarely shm iliiwii. Kvrii ill ihe (lark iliys nf 1S!K! some of them ran on lull tiiiii'. W'hilr nilirrs clnsi'il liif a li'W \yeelel.iwanna and Alhenia. all within siirht of the eit.\'. and trihiitary to I'assaii'. have factories devoti'd to the (lyi'iii;.' ami tinishiim of silks ami the nnuinfactiice of woiden f.oods. waxcil paiici-. vlii'iiiicals. essential oils, printed cnllun cloths, nihloih. w Iwc:rk. boilers I'tc.. in which 4.(1(1(1 people arc daily eiiiplnycd. These concei-ns eniplny niaii.\' of onr citi- z< lis ami do their baiikim.' in I'assaic. and .ii-c naliiially in- cluded in this .irticle. The industries of I'assaic ami vicinity lieiiiii so nnnsnally diversified, it is impossible for the prospi^rity of the city to lie cluM-ked by deincssioii in .-my oni' industry. Herein I'assaic is more fortunate than the neif;hboriii!; niaiiufactnriiiK city of PattM-sou. where silk and inai are practically the only iiiilustries. and wlicri' eillier one or the other tmsiness is almost always depressed. Ill I'assaic .iml its immediate snlnirbs the largest number of mills prodncinir ^oods of exactly the same kind and fjrade is three, unless woolens and W(U-steils are reckoned as ( He industry. Cotton Printing any Peter Ijeid and Ili'iiiy A. Barry. It has become yiiieiit of the linn as a \my. .lami's Bryce is the present snperiiiteinlent. DnriiiK the yeiir ISllil the linn i-onsididated with two other iniieeriis as tlio luitcd Slates KlnishiiiK ('oiiipniiy. Till", PASSAIC PUINI' WOKKS was ortaniziil by llic present ciaiipany in I.s7(i. and has Ih-cii in coiitiiiinnis and siie- iissfnl operation since that time. It silci'Oedi-. which has a lart'e interest in thi- mill. 10. K. Poor is tn-asiirer for the I'ompany and active maiiavrer, and Charles B. Keiidiill is .superintendent. The Print Works has an iiiiiiiense chiinner. It rears itself l!l(l feet above the river at its base, nild in till' second hijihi'st chimney in the Slate, tliat nf the Chirk Tliiead Works, in KasI .\ewark. alone takilii: pri-oilence. Illi; .M.\MI.\TTA.\ PlilNT WuKKS wiis ereettil in l.>^s-l by Wiathcn iV .\ldriili. and is a iiio.lel for liuililers of mills. The grounds are beantifnily kept, and tin- interior ii|i- ]iointiiieiits are uiiiisu.illy cood. Kacli workman has a privnte locker: lar^e sinks are provided with hot and ifdil water for w:ishiii«: the latest veiitilaliii;; inveiilions are in nsi', and everything else conducive to the health and comfort of the employees has been proviiled. The iiiiM was originally built for the priiiliiii: i>f sarincis and nther lottoii ir.iods. but when 280 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. «(>()1 was put (III till' free list, the niaiket was at ouco de- stroyed, and the large and valuable property lay idle. After much e.'cperimenting. the firm tommenced to niaiuifaeture printed upholstering fabrics, which slowly found a marUet. The mill is still running on these and other goods. Charles Isbell is superintende:it. AVith their business gone, Worthen & Aldrich started, with characteristii- energy to make an opening for their ability and <-apital in the bleaching of cotton goods. They Iwught the Yantacaw pond and water rights, and right in the midst of great business depression, they erected in ISiKJ, the Waldrich Bleacher.\ at Delawauna. The name of the mill was made by combining the names of the part- ners. The mill now turns out large quantities of goods. The Worthen & Aldrich Company formerly owned two other mills, one at Soho, near Bloonifield, and the Empire Jlill, on .Tauo street. New York City, The latter was destro.ved by fire in If'M. and the site has recently been sold to the city for (lock purposes. THE STA.NDAKI) BT.EACIIEUY COMrANY.-I'or nearly forty years a bleaching establishment has e.\isted at Carlton Hill. During half that time the fortunes of the con- cern tluctuatcd between moderate success and ab.solute fail- uie. In 18S.5, when the bleachery, then known as the Boil- ing Springs Bleachery, had been closed down for some years, the plant was leased by William MoKenzie and .Tohn Ward, and the place was rechristened the Standard Bleachery. Mr. .McKenzie was a practical bleacher of extended experience in large Now England mills. Mr. Ward was a manufacturer of gold watch cases in Xi w York. When McKenzie (.>»: Ward as- sumed control, the Standard Bleachery consisted of four build- ings, the largest of which dated from 18G2, and the total area of the floor spac.> of tlie buildings was 37,750 square feet. Improvements df the buildings and the equipment were be- gun at once. Mr, .McKenzie took personal charge of the in side work of the bleachery, and, b> untiring energy, began to build the business up. Skilled men— the b'.'st in their call- ing—were employed wherever they could be obtained. Al- though by the end of a year the bleachery only employed some fifty hands, yet the character of its work was already causing comuient. and it was preparing to take its place among the best bleacherios in the land. Today the Standard bleachery has a reputation unsurpassed by any establishment in their line in the United States. There are now fourteen buildings, the tioor space of which aggregates lt)S,2,")(l square feet. Six hundred peol)le are employed there, and. with this large force, there is conlinmil need of overtime to turn out the work, which conies to Carlton Hill from all over the coun- try. There have been as many as Ii7."> hands at one lime on the roll of the Standard Bleacliery when pay day came arouml. The mill buildings are models of their kind: liuilt mainly of brick, well heated and ventilated, ai;d i)rotected by a fire sys- tem which seems to put a big coiiHagration there out of the (luestion. A large proportion of the people who W(Uk in the bleachery have their homes in Passaic, but many live at Carl- ton Hill and in adjoining Bergen County towns. In IS'.H) the properly was purchased by McKenzie (.V \A'ard from .lames F. Hinds, and in 18".ll! the liriii became a corporatidii, uuilir the tftle of the Standard Uleacher,v Company, with a capital of .•«!4lHI,(HK». The olHcers are: I'resident, William .V. McKenzie; Secretary, .lames .1. McKenzie: Treasurer. .lohn Ward: Assist- ant Treasurer, Benjamin I. Ward. .lames .1. JIcKenzie, the eldest s(ui of William .McKenzie. now largely shares the ac- tive- management of the Bleachery with his father. Mr. .lohu Ward has charge of the Xew York olHce, and his son, Ben- j: mill I. Ward, is his active assistant. The company is praclii ally a close corporation. Woolens and Worsteds. THE I'ASSAIC WOOLEN COMPANY.— In l.'Sta the first woolen mill in Passaic was erected by Basch (.V: Oddy, who coiuiiienced to manufacture flock and shoddy in one of the buildings of the present mill. It was a small concern, but it grew rapidly. In IStM! .lacob Basch purchased the interest of Mr. Oddy, and admitted his son, Henry L, Basch, as a member of the firm of Jacob Basch & Co. In 187G they purchased from the Dundee Company the old wire mill, a frame building, which they tore down. A fine new brick mill, four stories high, was erected on its site, with the necessary smaller buildings. The firm began to make fancy cassimeres, and was reorgan- ized later as the Passaic Woolen Comi)any. On the death of .Jacob Basch, his sons. Henry and Isaac, assumed the man- agement of the different branches of the business. Tlie mill employs 2."itl hands. THE DUNDEE WOOLEN COMPANY is next to the oldest w(K)leii mill in the industry in P.assaic. The business was established in ISOo by James Waterhouse who soon after associjiteeasury Depart- ment during the administration of I'resident Harrison when it was decided that worstetl was wool. Previous to that time the THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 281 firm had iiii|MirtiMl worstcil );.s from lour Meiisic-, (;<-nniiii.v, hut the ili-dKioii aililt'd so imn-li l» Um tariff that it was dcoiiiiMl wise to start a mill in this ciniiitry. •\ftor a care^ful search I'assaic was lU'cidcd on as the best plaee .and a site was purchased (nr .'^•_'!l.(KKi in ISIMI. The com- paiiy was incori>i)rated in New Jersey with a capital of !f],l(Hl,lUl() and the I'ollowin;.' olllcers were elecleil: William Merlens, prcsiilcnl; Antonio Kna\ith, vice-president; Oscar Dressier, treasurer: Kdward Stochr. vice-it re.'isnrcr: hmlwi^- Kick. su:)erintendent: Carl W. A. I'feil, secretary. The enter, prise was st.!irte mill on which au- otluM- immense buildin;: is bcin;; erected which will employ sev- eral hundred more. The oltici-rs of the mill are liberal trivers to charity and have adapted llienisi.hes easily to Aiuerican lite anil customs. TlIK riTKIX A: IIOI.n.SWOUTIl CO.Ml'ANY first t. It has been three years in o|ii'ralii>M. and lias T.'i In Km I'luiiloyccs on its pay roll. THK (JKIt.V MILI.,. now bniliiinjr, promises to be an im- portant addition to thei industries of rass.'iic. It derives its name from the busy manufacturing city of Gera. Gernmny. where the parent concern manufactures worsted g^T>(M\ each for this puriiose were Mr. Huglu's, Uichard Morrell. Harry Meyers, William Malcolm, .lames laylor. Dr. Charles M. Howe, Thomas M. Moore, the Passaic N'.ational Bank, the Peoples Bank and the Pas.saic Daily News. The firm is erect- ing buildings and installing machinery which with the .f4.''>.iHin paid for the twenty acres of land it owns, will bring the first investment up to .$:!iMl.tl(K). The aiuiounceiueut of the coming of the mill was the occasion of a surjirising boom in Dundee real est.ile. in the expi^ctation. which will probably be fullilled, thai tlie land in the neighborhood of the mill, at present not built up. will increase' in value as rapidly as the property in the Botany district. The fever spread to I'assaic street ami Sec- ond street property, which advanced in value thousands of dol- lars at a bound. I THE GAUI'IIM.D \\'(><)I-i;.N COMr.WY o<-cupies n site of about twenty acres on the west bank of the Passaic River at the junction of the Saddle Iliver. The company was formiil in the early ;)art of 18!»4, the principal incorporators being Messrs. George C. .Mercer. David Dwyer and Ellis Hey. Mr. Mercer was for years a partiuT in the firm of Byrne Brothers and Coiupany, dyeis and tinishers nf cotton goods, whose i'.\tensive works at Lodi were destroyed by lire in 1893. He had previously had n Ioiib iiii'I vnriwl ImNinraii pxiK-rionro IM'cnliarly lilting him for the nelivi- pr.- lompaiiy. .\lr. Dwyer w«« born in lllii>..! ; .\rier receiving a common hcIumiI i->luitili<>ii, lie n( onei- fmind iinploynnnt with Me»«r». Hin>idMl<- Bnitlietn. nnd HtilMMNiUPnllr wilh a imniber of other win.len mnnufnclnnTn. He rneiie lo Passaic under an i-ngaKemenl with the Kilteiihoiiw Mnnufne- luring Company. When that eiinceni «i-nt out of bintinemi he started in the wool. sh.Hldy nnd exirntt l>iiiiin(>t. Bo- garl, now of Passaic. Mr. Hey was Ixini in Dewxlitiry, Kne- land, anil is now only about i!iirty-li\e yean* of age. He chiik- to this country while young, was iiliiealiil in Philadelphia, and vent into business with his father as n meiulK-r of the wnulen manufacturing linn of Uichard Hey & Sons of .MaiiayiiDlc. He afterward engaged in linsineHM for hiinself uh n wmil broker, and was siibsei|iieiitly loealeil at I.<>di. Mr. Hey repreiteiilit the Garlield WtK>len Company in the sale of its prti for business are not excelled by any other t-oni-«Tii. In addition to the (leculiarly high re[iiilatioii enjoyed by the inanaKenicDt, the company's machinery is of the latest nnd most effei-tlve make, while the character of its priMluct is prnetjeally iin- I iiiialled in the market. Tlie production amounts to tire niilliou lioiinds a year, an cnlput only •'Xielliil by two or throe uiilU ill the rniti-d States. lis iride is carrieili, in the manufacture of Hoik and other adjuncts of the woolen bus- iness. I'llH UOBKRTSl'OKD Uunl.DN Mll.l,, founded by .I..Tnies UolK'j-ts in l.SJM), has been praeiiealiy closed for some time owing to Ihc death of the proprietor, but arrangements arc now being made to put it in ojieration again. Rubber and Insulated Wire. THK .M;\V V(»UK r.l.l/ll.Ni; A.M> CACKI.NG CO., Ltd.. has a name that is known all the werld over. lt.« goods are found everywhere. It is the oldest and most important coiicern in the rubber industry in the I'lii'ed Slates. It start- ee a small aiMiex in Passnic, but it has since grown so rapidly that it over- shadows the parent factory. The omipnny now has ihr«H- large factorii>s and is the nuwt iiiiiMirtnnt nioml>er of tlie Mech- anical Biibber Company. Its New York ollliv Is nt 2.'» I'ark Place. It manufactures in its difTerenl mills alnnwt evor>- kind of goods made out of rublM'r. As one writer says: "If tlie reader rides a bicycle, ten <-liniiees to one the tire was n 1 TWO VIEWS OF REID i BARRY'S PRINT WORKS. 286 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. Inade l).v llio N. Y. K. and 1'. Co.; if he driuks beer tlie nib- bor cork ho removes finii) the botth's arc almost surely made in Passaic and the rubt)er stair m.ats that he treads on goins up and downstairs or in the main liallwa.v of liis dwelling or oifleo are likewise the iiroduet of well-paid Passaic labor. The comiiany is appreciated so highly at home that we fight fire with their hose, sharpen our edged tools and do our polishiug on their emery wheels and allow our children to clean thei:- shoes on their matting before they enter the i)ublic .schools e\er.v da.v. Their stair mats have i(mg been used by the 'I,' roads of Brooklyn and New Toi-k, and on the Brooklyn Bridge." The staple articles made at Factory No. ."'i. as tlie Pa.ssaic mill is known, are ho.se for garden and tire purposes, piacking for steam and water pipes. dod between the mach lies mentioned .are varied mechanisms for the saving of labor. and more are being added every day. A pneunialic di'vice for :.lipping jar rings off from a mandrel and rerintending the old Rubber 'Work.s, went with him to the Sxanhattan and helped to org^inize the factory while Mr. .Tones assumed the active liusiuess management. .Mr. WnlTeiiden resigned as suiieriuteu- dent in November, 1899, on account of advancing years. He was succeeded by Alexander Henderson, nie, mill is situated on the Lackawanaa railroad which gives it ample coal and shipping facilities. It employs 450 men and boys and is con- stantly kept busy on mechanical ruljber fittings and appliances, rubber bejting. cotton and rubber fire hose, pneum.atic tires and iiian.v other indispensable articles. It uses 7.")ll horse-power. :;i.d the main shaft of the factory is 250 feet long, so that it will be seen that we are dealing with a young, but by no means puny concern. The plant is comparatively new, and no expense has been spared to make it mechanically the most perfect and complete factory of its kind in the country. One of the hydraulic presses used for vulcanizing the molded goods, such as belting and packing, is 25 feet long and 50 inches wide, weighing about 40 tons. It exerts a maximum pressure at 2.000 pounds to the square in<-h. the power being api)lied b.v hydraulic rams. The company recently made two rubber Ijelts for transmitting power, which are among the largest in the world. Each made a roll fifty inches wide and tu. feet high. Another recent production was a piece of suc- lidii hose, 24 inches in diameter, and wound spirally with iron. T'wo men crawled inside the hose and were photographed v.ith their heads and shoulders protruding. Still another of the interesting siiecialties recentl.v made at the mill were a num- ber of what are probably the largest rubber dredging sleeves ever manufactured, being S.3 inches in diameter and seven iti'l in length. The sleeves are used as flexible connections liel ween the pontoons that support the pipe through which the dredged material is discharged. For tire protection the mill is provided with two oOO-gallon Worthington underwriter fire- pumps, located in a liuilding siiecially set apart for them, 'These draw their supply from a 100,000-galloii tank and pump into an 8-inch main, which connects Avith the different hy- drants located about the .vard. Besides these, the entire plant is equipped with automatic sprinklers and fire hose through- out the mill, so that chance of tire getting any material head- way is small. The sprinklers are supplied by a 10,000-gaIlon trnk, situated on top of a tower. THE ttKONlTE CO.MI'ANY is eng.iged in a business ilesely related to the rubber industry, namel.v, the manufac- inre of the finest insulated wire and submarine cables in the vdild. The coinpan.\ has a factory in Manchester, England, as well as in Passaic, and is ofiicereil as follows: Willard L. Candee and H. Durant (.'lieever, managers: George T. Man- son, general superintendent: William H. llodgins, secretary. Major Frederick I... Holmes has (barge of the Passaic factor.v, which has 200 employees. The compan.v's wires, cables and tapes took medals of honor at the Paris Exi>osition in 1889 and at the AA'orld's Columbian Exposition in 1893. Enameline Stove Polish. .1. L. I'ltESCOTT it CO., whose "Enameline" and "Black- ei:e" stove p(dishes are sent to all parts of the world by the lioatloail, was a big firm wluii it came to Passaic, in 1896. Yet the business was ;/larted in a ver.v small wa.v, in the spring of 1870, in a small village in Maine, by J. I/. Prescott. .V one-stor.v shed, al)out II' by IS feet in size, constituted the whole plant, and the oulpul nf .iboul livi> gross per day was carried to the railro.id station in a whindbarrow. Y'ear by year, the sales increased, until, in ISSS, they reached about 18,000 gro.ss, when A. ly. I'rescott and C. (). I.ittlefield, under the firm name of .1. L. Prescott iV Company, succeeded to the business. Ilie.v smm prenareil and put on the market the first paste Stove Polish which ever proAed a success, christen- ing the new product "Enameline. the Modern Stove Polish." ( cMitid<'iit that they now had what th.' world wanted, thev THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC Ml l'o;;aii to iii.ik<. it kn.iwii hy extensive Kilvertising. Tlie ex- lieuditui-e for the first >rar was cqiinl to twice tlie iiiiinuiit i.f their enpital at the leKiniiiiiK ..r the year. They helieve.l in Knaiiieliiie. and were not disappointed, as tlie demand r..r their goods soon made it necessary to rnn their plant nitrht and day. and caHed londly for larger facililies. Year liy year the appropriations for advertising were larger ami larger, un- til now the figures reach hnmlreds of thousands of dollars annually. Increased factory facilities were yearly provided to han "'' •"■"«"''<e Town, .Mel- bourne, llaiid>urg. Paris. AnHv.-rp, IClierdani and Co|H>nha- gen. Black-ne is a benzine paste stove iwliHh, which is to lbi> St. ve deah-r what Kininieline U to the hoiiHi-k.-.-iKT. It is en- pecially a m-ttings. crinoline linings and buckrams. He continiietl in this business until his death, in 18.->4, when ex-Mayia- Melx-an's father siio- -5S. Then the Paterson plant was reinoviil ti. Troy. N. Y., where it was destroyed by fire, in l.SlJtl. Mr. .McLean's father aid not fully resume again, on account i«f the war times, until ISOfi, when he fen in tin- emphiy of three generations of .McLeans, for fifty years, a n markable record. Previous to ISWJ. haml-looni weaving and all the dyeing and fini.sbing were carried on in New York, but thi.s portion of the plant was reniove<> \Voosler stieet. New Y'ork, where the present firm now has its ofllce and storerooms, anil the BriM)klyu factory was ciuisidiilated with the one in New Yurk. Thus was the growing busines-s carried on until his death, in Kebrunry, 18,S,S. prom then, ui.til September, lS8it, his son, the only .\ndrew Mcl.<-an known to Pas-iaie, I'arried it on alone. nieii his brother. George, liecaine of age, and the present partnership of .Vndn>w Mcl^ean & Co. was fonnetl. .\t oneo the new finn startol out to consolidate and largely increase its facilities. \Vilh that end iu view, several acres of land were purchase*! in lliis city. By .laiiuary, ISJMI. the new mill was ctmipU-le b Q LU L- X CC 5. w ^ < 5 » X J 296 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC l>iiil(liiig was erected and fully eqiiipiicd with the latest and most improved machinery. At present there are over two acres of floor space, and everytliinj; in connection with the plant is of the modern mill nstructiuu, and supplied with fire-e.\tinKuishinK appliances. Since starting at I'assaic new lines of goods in specialties for manufactiirint; purposes and ab.sorlient gauze for hospital use have been largely intro- duced, which liave merited the favorable consideration of the trade. At i)reseut a large variety of cotton goods is manu- f;:ctured. the principal lines being niosiiuito nettings, dress lii.ings, crinolines, canvases, buckrams and shade cloths. Vegetable Parchment — A Specialty. THK PATEUSON rAKCII.MEXT I'Al'ER COMTAXY. — Tliis itidiislry was started b.v Theodor Leonhard, in the old (Jun Mill at I'aterson. in May. l.SS."). In a short time it was found neeessar.v to look .ibout for a more advantageous location, and after considerable investigation, it was decided to locate next lo the Dundee Chemical Works, in this city, where better freight and other facilities were offered. This move was made in IS'.HI. In iSitl the business was incor- porated, with Tlieodor Leoi.iiard as president. The present otlicers are (J. Theodfu- I,eonhard. president and general ni.in- ager; William !•". Brunner. vice-president, and Albert !•'. Leon- hard, secretary and trejisurer. Th's <-ompai)y makes what is ci'.nnierciall.v known as vegetable parchment paper. It is pro- ths in a manner analogous to that of the mackintosh tra.\ibstituti'. Chemicals. HrXOKK CIIFMICAl. WORKS. The i,r.).lu(ts of this ci niiiany are sulphuric, muriatic and nitric acids, aqua fortis. CI pperas and nitrate of iron, sulphate of soda, silicate of soda. tin crystals, muriate of tin. mixelant since constructed and now in operation. Additions have been made Ironi lime to time, until the works of the compan.v cover a large part of its tract of ten acres on the Passaic River. This, from its inception, has been a ver.v successful enterprise, ami lias fouiul a profitable market for its output in the various factories of Passaic and Paterson and other neighboring towns, and has a large busi- ness throughout the Middle States. J. B. Ackerscui has been the superintendent for the last nine .vears. and. by his energy and ability, has succeeded in establishing a very large and s:!tisfactory business. Mr. Ackerscm ranks among the best and most capable of acid manufacturers in the Cnited States. The product of this company has an enviable reputation, re- sulting from the care and skill with which the processes of luanufacture are conducted. The work gives employment to about eighty men, many of whom have been with the eoni- p.-^n.v almost since its origin. The company and the I.odi Chemical \\'cirks have recently been absorlu'd liy llie (Jeneral Chemicnl Coinpaiiy. THE I.Oltl CIIE.MICAL COMPAXY'S WORKS are situated in the centre of the borough of Lodi. in Bergen Coun- ty, .X. I., ihe terminus of Ihe I.odi branch of the X. Y.. S. and W. K. 1!.. lo-.-ated aboiil Iwo miles northeast of the city of Passaic, about Ihe same distance southwest of Haeken- sack. Lodi is generally regarded as a rather quaint and old- fashioned village, isolated and inactive, and those who visited it ten or fifteen years ago. and carry with them only the recol- liclion of ils appearance at that time, cannot be blamed for having allowed this impression to fiu-ni in Iheir minds: bin. viewed from 'ts present condition, this is ipiiti' a mistake. Dur- ing recent years it has made great progress through the energy and enterprise of its citizens. Highways have been improved, waterworks established, houses, stores and other buildings erect- ed, and many attractive homes are now taking the placi' of whal not h)ng ago was a large area of farm land. The borough is cosily nestled in a beautiful valley, through which lourses the Saddle River, with its clear, pure water, and which, with > o "n 2 N -J i 5 en;: 1 ^ O ; ni o I r > :- o 2 CD 2. O -' ^ 33 1 z N — I 2^ S ° li -^ o m ' > m -n 5 s CO 5 > - > z CD i » __ > o ^ o z N > : g 5 CO, ; z ^ CB : p 5 CD 5 : o m O -J ; S N CO • S > CO cc LU I ^ i? o Hio, y: 05 u IT it U- o t THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 301 llw surroiuidiiif; liills. ;ilT)nls ;i iiuliinsi|iic liindsi-niit' si-i'Ii.t.v tl.iit is not easily sui-passi'd. The Sailillo Itiv.T, hrnvcvcr, is of iiMU-h jrrcator aclvaiitajrc tlian nu-icly as an attraction to tlit." I.ivcrs of tlio ijicturesinK" in Natnrc; it is an essential lo nianii- lactuiin!; interests, and is tile leatnre of the liorouKli '•( I.odi ilial has attracted so nii ny factories to its midst, and to which is line its advancement and general iirosiierity. One of the chief of these factories ls that of the Lodi Chemical t'om- pany. on tlie lianUs of th(> Saddle Uiver. which fnrnishes a liuuntitnl snpply i.r |>nr.' water, so necessary in the niann- facture of (lu-niicals. 'I'lie location of these works is also a most I'avorahle one lor n-ceiviiiK and shipjiin^' crnde ma- terials and niannfactnred prixlucts, becanse the tracks of the X. Y.. S. ami W. U. H. Company pass directly throngh the .\.-.nl. uirh necessary sidings for loading and nnloading cars. Tile l.iidi Chemical A\'orks wc>re originally Imilt in the year lMi;». Init iirter a snecessliil hiisiness career of fonrtoen years they were destroyed l>y lire, in the snmmer of 1.SS3. It was not until two years later, in lSS."i. that the present works were erected on the site of the olil factory. The work was done nnder the direction and supervision of Mr. .losejih lattle. a chemist of wide experience and with thoroughly praitical ideas, and the company is fortunate in having retained his services since as chemist and superintendent. He is a native of England, where he oliiained his education in chemistry, and, after graduating with honors, he tilled sever.il positions in various chemical factories there, with credit to himself and to the advantage of his emi)loyers. It was, therefore, with the regret of the latter that Jlr. Little determined to seek the more extensive field for skill and enterprise .ifl'orded by the rapid growth and ilevelopment of Amerii-.i. His career in this countr.v hefore he accepted his prtscut position was an lionoralile ami sii^eessful one. .nicl since he has been con- nected with the Liidi Cliemie.il Compan.v he has done much lo advance and improve tin business. His name is in itself a guarantee of the highest grade of manufactured products and of rigid honest.v in business nu'thods. ami it is largely due to his connection with the com[)any that it has attained the excellent reiiutation it now enjoys for the high standard of its cl'.emicals. The I.odi Chemical Coni|iany's .specialties are bi- chloride of tin. which is made by a new and special process of its own. and copperas nitrate of iron, both of which are used largely in the silk dyeing industry. The business done in ihese chemicals has grown to large proportions: but. iu addition, many humlriKls of tons of sulphuric, nniriatic and nitric acids are turned out annually, brimstone alone being used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, as the company never descemled to the cheaper process of lurking it from pyrites. ecunmonly used, but which i)roduces an inferior grade of acid. Tin crystals, tin. copper, zinc ami antinn>ny solutions, acpni ammonia, acetic acid ami a variety of other chemicals are also manufactured in large iiuantities at the I.oili Chemical Company's works, special attention being given to the qnality in every instance. .Mr. Henry S. Deshon is the president and general manager of the i-ompany, and the business is curried on under his direction from the New York otUce. No. 3S I'latt street. He is a pione<'r in the chi'mical business, hav- ing started in it many yi-ars ago. and lo him much iredit is ilne for the progress made in the past, iu spite i>f adv<'rse circnm- stances. and the excellent condition of tlu' I.odi Chemical Company and its works at the i>resrnt time. Essential Oils. THE AMKUir.VN IIOI SK OF KKIT/.SCIIK HKOTIl- i;i;s. manufacturers of essential oils and chemii-al prepara- tions, was established in Hoboken. N. J., August 31, 1871, as a branch of the firm of Schimmel \- Co. (the latter owned by ih.- brothers Kritzschi-), wliow iiinin eNlnl>liNhiiu-iit in located in I.eipsic, with a braiicli ut .MiltltK, lieniiuiiy. At the Inner place are loth of a grain, sctileH for determining specific gr.ivity, polaristopes. siM-etroiu-oiH'H, rtfractometres for deterniiinng the optical refraction ami dis- persion, and unny other applians.senlial oils, etc., nn- etire- fiilly prepared after their own investigations. On the sisi.nd lloor over the laboratorv are a large nnmlM-r of ap|Mirntus, which are used for spei'ial |iuri"ises. but not in use nt nil limes. The otBce is connected by a corridor with the cheuiii-al departnuMit, where are .seven elegant reetifiere with vuriou* attachments, for rectifying crude oils and bringing them to the highest standard of perfection by siM'cial methods: large tanks (several of a 1.0-|M>und c.ipacilyl fi>r heating. <-rH>ling and uniting, .is reipiirc^d by siM'<-iaI cheiuical processes; slenni tables for healing kettli-s, etc.: hydraulic jip-s-ses exerting a force of ."i.lM¥l pounds to the sipiare inch. In a large hall in the centre of the biiildii:g an' iminens<- i-hesls heati'wer engine ilrives the machinery, consisting of grinders, cutlers, slirri'rs. two elevators and two ,iumps for drawing water from two very deep wells (each pump having a capacity of otM*"" gnllon« per dayl. iisi-d for supplying the batter}- of three l>oilers. .-on- densers. etc. Thi se boilers are am,de to furnish all the sliiini used for pow?r and supplying the stills, etc. Tlie two iipiH-r stories in the central .section of the fni-tory an- nseutral section of the faclor.v., is the distilling riKmi, 5 ^ 3 — 0. = Is o " 306 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. containing large copper stills, each of which often contains at one time as much as from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds of drugs, from which the oil is distilled by steam. At the extreme north end is a separate room for hydraulic presses, each exerting a force of 1,000 pounds to the square inch, and used for the extraction of fatty oils. At the northeast is a building, two stories high with a cellar, which is used to store the finished products prior to thedr shipment to New York. These goods are kept in large copp>r tanks, iron drums, patent cans, glass bottles, barrels, etc., according to the requirements of the trade. In this same department the clearing, filtering and packing are conducted. In the various side buildings are apparatus for extracting the delicate odor of floral perfumes; numerous centrifugal machines for separating all kinds of crystals from their mother liquids; autodares for effecting chemical processes at high temperatures under high pressure. The firm also main- tain their own workshop, where they manufacture many of the apparatus used in the factory. The main or general busi- ness otfices of the firm in America are located at Xo. 34 Harclay street. New York City, where they occupy the entire building, containing five tioois and a basement. They make a specialty of oil of cloves, bay, cedar wood, artificial oil of wintergreen, the finest brands of oil of peppermint, numerous fruit ethers, heliotropin, cumarin (the aromatic principle of ttnka bean). Fritzsche Brothers are the sole agents in the Unitetl States for the German firm of Haarman & Reimer. manufacturers of vanillin and ionone. the latter being the ar- tificial perfume of fresh violets. The i)roducts of Messrs. Kritzs<'he Brothers reach the markets of the entire civilized world, anil to give a complete hLstory of the firm would in- volve a pretty full account of the origin and development of the manufacture of es.sential oils, hence the salient points have only been touched up'> i in the foregoing sketch. Silk Dyeing. THE AIvEXANDHK llYK WORKS .,1 Lcdi. ,,» 1 by Blum Brothers, is another marvelous example of rapid growth. Starting in 18U0 with a small plant and a process of dyeing si'k.s in the piece, which was absolutely new. the firm has been inc.'ssantly extending its plant, until it is now the largest of its kind in the world. It keeps i;("l iiiiployees busy, runs ptactically all night and day, and represents an investment of half a million dollars. The process is identical with that discovered by Boettger & Hintze, as told in the succeeding l):.ragraph. consisting, as it does, of dyeing silk in the iiiece instead of dyeing it in the thread and weaving it into patterns. It has been brought to such perfection that to ilye a piece of g< ods in different colors on either side is an everyday won- iler. The colors imparted to the fabric liy the expert dyers ■ ire novel and bcantifid. Till-: IlOKT'lCKi; I'IKCK DYK WoUKS.— This busi- ness w.is first eslablished in New York, in 1801, by Messrs. Bcettger and llinze on a small scale, and tentative, for it was yet to be ilevelo|)ed, and processes were yet to be discovered that were to bring it leputalion. The plant was at East One lhindre(( feet in dimension. Here, at this writing, a force of 200 hands is on duty day ami night. The company contemplates putting up still another building. The company is incorporated under the laws of New Jersey, with a capital of .flOO,^)!!. all paid in: but more tliau double that amount has been expeniled in erecting ami equipping the mills. An entirely new branch in textile in- dustry has here been developed. At the outset the company depended npo!i importeil goods, made of raw material. .Now thousands of looms are at work in the United States, weav- ing the silk or the cotton and silk, as required, ready for the peculiar and ingenious coloring the dye-workers of this firm can give. There is a prospect that many more thousands will be similarly employed in the near future. As intimated above, the old prix'ess required the coloring dyed before the weaving, niis resulted in great loss; for soon the market called for other colors, and goods on hand were at a discount. Now, by the Boettger and Hiuze process, the raw material passes first through the loom, and then to the dye-works to receive the popular colors. The officers of the company are: Henr.v W. Boettger. president: liobert Boettger. vice-president: Theodore M. Boettger. treasurer, and Theodore Boettger. .Jr., secretary. Of the New Y'ork house. One Hundied and Fort.v-uinth street, established in l.Sli.S. Mr. H. W. Boettger is sole proprietor. Mr. Hiuze retired in 189."). It is the most complete finishing plant in the city. Indeed, it is the largest and most complete in all its appointments in this country. A specialty is made of finishing broad silks and satins. Watering and embossing silks have special attention. All ordi-rs are promptly executed, and all gcxxls sent to these establishments are fully insured against tire. The inilividual mendiers of this firm are held in (he highest esteem in commercial circles for their stri1. and has expanded its business until its daily output is reckoned in tens of thousands of dozens, while it employs two to three hundred wonien and girls on sowing machines and in foldini; and packing liandkerchiefs. Most of the goods are linen. The iiin]p:uiy has erei'ted, during 18!)9. a fine new mill. iKai- I'assaic ,\'id Ninth streets, at a cost of $100,000, riii-; .\.mi:kican handkeuchief co.mpany rented part of the Uittcnliouse mill in 1800 and commenced to mannfaiture handkercliiefs with about 1(H) machines. The conip.iny was newl.v oiganized. In November it leased larger quarti'rs in the abandoned Continental Match factory. Tlie match f.ictwallowed it up and closed Ihe factory. THE H.\.MMEKSCHLAA(; .M.\NrFACTIi;iN(; COM- l'.\.\Y makes waxed paper for wrapping and other puriMiscs. and employs I'ld men at its mill in (lartield. rilE .\1.EX.\NDEK SII.K .MILLS is the only branch i>f tlie silknuiking industry in Passaii-. The owner is .Tohu .1. Uuegg. who has sixty employees ami makes silk vestings and silk and wool cloths for shoe-tops ami other purposes. rilE NATIONAL BUICK .\NI) TEUUA COl^A COMI'.'v.N'A purchased a tract of l.ind in Carfi'ld five years THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. 311 iitro ill Ilic luliil' ihat fii.c tcna <(.lln iliiy was iili'iitifiil llirr.-. This piuvcd to ln> a inistnkc, Imt a very fiiiiicrior rlny fur coin, moil l)ii<"k was foiiml, from wliicli a very lianl anii-lf. known as Garliclil brick, is lioinj; maniifacliirc.l. Mayor HoKart. General Spencer, Rirnl<- PamMilr. It has become one of the largcul 4-nlen>rliMi« in the iMiiilierii •<•.•• lion of New Jersey. It n Imth uniunc il» riiKtonien. >.ini<- of the most prominent coiilraclom and iiiikmhix in ihi« anil adjoining Slates. Over ?l.-^l.lNlo ,u»h in inv..«ti-,l in the l.iiiil. iicss, which places the itino-rii in a iHmition In Imy nioal iidvanlageously. and enables il not only to chnllenee, Inii lu defy, coiiiiH'tition. .\side from rcprcHcnling w.m. of Ihi- InrKesI ii:Miiira:'tiirerK in tl onnlry from which pluiilN it makiii di- re, t shipments, it carries in s( ick, at all liiiira, at iU well- e.iuipii.d yard and warehouses on the PaMaie Uiver, i-cirrrinK nearly tifty i-ily lots, i en»e i|iiantilini of niaMins' ma- terials and construction supplies. Tliis yard i» lieanlicketM ii|nip|M d willi (lie iikmI modern coalhandling machinery, for Ktoriug l^-hicli coal. Hard and durable "I.ehigir" is nii-ived din-et from llie iniiipii by watjr. and conveyed to the |H>ckets by steniii iMiwer. from which the coal may lie loades a H|H>fialty of siipply- iiig retail dealers unil the farmers in the adjai-i'iit territory, who give its coal the preference, as it is all thoroughly s4T<'<-npf the eor|uiratioii in the spacious olllces in Cauipbell, Morrell & Co's tine structure on Main and Passaic avenues. The company can iKiint with pride to the fact that it is sole owner of all its ilifTereiit pro|M'rlieti, and, therefore, has numerous advantages over eumpetitoro. THE .VNHEUSON 1,1'MBEIt CO.MPANY owns a larjfe and prosperous biisincsN. that dales back to the first IuiiiIht operations of "Broin" .\ckernian, ulwut 1812, nnd h»<< ln-<-n carried on continuously, on the same .h|ni(, for eighly-M'Veii years. .Vckeriiian was sucewdwl by Peter .Tacksoii. In 1832 the business was taken lip by Post A: .Vuderson, who wer« dealers in lumber and building materials generally. Tboy III ought the first eunsignnient of eual to .Vo|Uackanonk, a s< hooner loud uf Pennsylvania black diamond*. They wpr« llie first bankers in the village, reviving the savings uf fannera and laborers and ki'cping lliem safely, u practice which histeil forty years, until the establishnieiK of the Passaic National Bank. In 1St!."i they were succeeiletl by the se<-ond generation, who did business under the name of Aiidenoa Brothers. Wil- liam S. and .lohii I>. .\ndersou onistituteil the finii. In l.HTtl the firm was followed by W. S. Anderson fc Co., Simeon T. iCabriskie, W. S. .Vudersou's second cousin, ln-eomiug hw part- ner. On Mr. Anderson's death, in 18S7, the Anderson LuinU-r G<.inpnny was formes, a luinl>er merchant, who came 312 THE NEWS' HISTORY OF PASSAIC. lu IV rni!ii Albany, N. Y. Mr. I'liillips rctii-cil Iroui the ccnii- piiii.v in 1899. At present Jlr. Zabriskic is president and Jnhn D. Suffern. seeretar.v and treasurer. The eompany transact-^ a business in lumber, nia.sons' materials and lA'hij.'h coal .ill nver I'assaic and IJerfjen counties. Its Walliufttou planing mill. established in ISS.'i, is always busy, and turns out large quan- tities of architectural woodwork and cabinet-work. The icmi- pany has 2,000 feet of dock frontage on both sides uf (lie river anil 000 feet of switch on the Eric Railroad. Most of its business is done b.v the river, on which it receives annnall.v over one hnndred boat-loads of material of all kinds, the lotnl receipts beiiijj; between 20.000 and 2.">,0(M) tons annuallv. Its name stands vcr.v high, as it nas .-in iinbniUcii i-cpntatimi I'nr honesty and reliability. THK S. M. BIIU'H HMKKI! CO.Mi'ANY is engaged in thi' lumber business on the site of tin- olil Landing. Mr ISirch, the |>rincipal stockholder, was furincrly it] the tinii of Birch iV: Bender at the same iil:ii-c. THE HEMION COAl. AMi CK.UX (d.Mr.VXV. in wlii, h .lohn Heinion and his sons are engaged, has large yards and ccal pofUets at Main avenue, the Erie Railroad and Monroe street, and an otlice in the llemion building. Main avenue and Washington |ilai-e. Other Large Interests. I'assaic lias two largi' wholesale provision (le.ilers. The I'as- si-ic Beef Company, a branch of the H;iinniond ('omi)any. lias a large refrigerator at Central aveune. Jlonroe street !ii'(l the Erie Railroad. It receives many carloads daily of beef, other fresh meats and poultry, which are distributed to the retail trade for miles aroimd. The pork-packing house of the Uenry JIuhs Company is situated on I'assaic street, and it does an iiumense business, the receipts of the slaughtered hogs from the main house in Paterson freiiuently amounting to several hundreds daily. TUK SPEER .\. ,1. WINE COMPANY, manufacturers of iKilive uines, has .")0 acres of vine.vards on Panlison and Van llonten avenues, an .^S0,000 brick warehouse on lower Main avenue and other warehouses in dilTerent parts of Passaic. A slock of l.jO.OOO gallons of wine is carried. Speer's unfer- uienled grape juice is widely used for medicinal and Com- n'tinion purposes, his port wine is a household friend, his Cli- nia.x brand.v, Pedro slierr.v, Socialite claret and ('bateau Speer bvrgnndy are the finest of native wines, and are reckoned su- perior to the imported b.v many i onnoisseurs. THE riMl'ING STATKl.N OK THE M:\V VoKK TRANSIT COMPANY, although located .iust (.utside of the Passaic city limits, is one el the large industries of the locality, having been established there lor ne.ir'.v twenty years. This pumping station is one of ten similar stations located on the Transit Company's line, extending from Ole.iii. Callaraiigns County, .New York, to the seaboard. The line i> used for the transportation of crude petrideuni from the oil regions, starting at Olean at an elevation of about fourteen luiiulred feet above the sea-level, and passing over elevations on its r.>iiie of over twenty-five hnndred feet above the sea-level, the oil being forced through the line from station to station by large pumps, which ari> located about thirty miles apart. Through these lilies large (luantities of oil are passing from the oil fields, the pumps at the stations being kept running night and day, and discharging a constant stream of crude oil at llie refineries at the seaboard, the oil passing every twenty Imir ht'Urs through these lines amounting to over three hundred c.ir loads. This Pinuping Station gives employment to ijuite a large number of men, who receive liberal compensation for their services, as the business reiniires men of a high order of ability, and the faithfulness with which they have performed their duties is shown by the fact that most of them have been employed by the company ever since the station was estab- lished. The Paterson, Passaic and Suburban Tele- phone Company. The progress of the independent telephcme business through- out the country is a revelation to those who observed its be- ginning .-i few years ago. It is now estimated that over sixty millions of dollars are invested in the independent companies. .\liiiost every city has one now in operation or under way. The wide scoiie of free service allowed by all of them has hastened their rise, and the extension to the sm.iller tiavns has added greatly to their convenience and use. The State of New .Jersey is a leader in the muvenieiil. and \iry soon all its towns and business centres will be connected by a system ul' nnidi'rii imistruction. placed for use at what. till now. were reg.-irded as incredibly low jirices. The Paterson. Passaic and Suburban Telei)hoiie Coinpaiiy h.as completed improvements to its building and plant which have been underway for some time. The ottices at No. i:^ll Market street. I'aterson. now pre.sent a neat and tasteful ap- penraiic;'. and are fitted with ever.v convenience for handling its large and increasing business. Among these is a new switch- board for .■iccomuiodating I.OOO subscribers. This was found necessary, as the stations now connected nniniier over "IHI. with 111 w additions being made dail.v. The company's ortice at Passaic is also open day and night. c(.i nectiiig with Paterson. thus increasing office work here. The extension of the service to Ridgewood. Little Falls, Ruth- erforil and intervening points is full.v provided for. The fran- chises at these places have recently been obtained, and the lines are being built, t'nder the system of this company all these points will have a free and nnlimiteil service to and from Pater- son. thus abolishing the whole scheiluli' of tolls to subscribers lor these points. Mileage charges have also been discarded throughout the city. This offers to iiarties located in the outer sections the same rates of rental as those dose to the Central office. Tile plan lor teli'phones. as installed by this ediiipany. re- sembles the trolley .system in its extent of use without ad- ditional charge. As one can ride for one fare from any part of Paterson or Passaic to any other part of either, so with this company an unlimited number of messages may be sent to or from any point in cither city and llirniighout Passaic County, without extra ccist. The rental cliargi' is less than half those in vogue until recently. Thus, a direct line for business use is furnished at liiiir dcdlars per moiilli and at three dollars per month for resi- ilenees. The party line rale for business places is two dollars .■ind fifty cents per iiionth. and for residences one dollar and twenty-five cents per month. The use under all these contracts is unlimited to and from any other station in the county. With improved construction of lines and instruments, the installation of a station is much reduced in cost, thus allowing a wide and free use of service. This explains wh.v so many of our people are discarding the old s.vstem of paying for each message sent, and adoiiting tln' plan an I service of the new company. It is little miu'e th.an a year siiue the firs! inslriiments wore placed, .and already all parts of Paterson and Passaic :ire reaehcil. ami the stations nnniber more than the work of txdiity years by fi>rmer methods. .\ gi'iii-ral reduction uf toll rates to .New York. Trenton and other cities will somi show a parallel to local charges. The telephone will then show its real position in business tind private lifi'. Many thousands of dollars will be saved to usi^rs. with I'lilarged conveniences and privileges. The company has its Paterson ellici' and excli.ange at )'.'•>> Market street and its I'assaic oUice and I'.xchange :it Id Pas saic avenue. The officers are: President. .Toseph Bamford. Sr.: First Vic.'-President, William P. Craig: Second Vice-l'residint, George A. Me.vers: Treasurer. II. 1'.. Parke: Seeretar.v. .1. W. Lindsay; (ieneral Manager. Allied (lartner: Directors. .L H. Burke. Waller Bamford. Richard Morrell. of Passaic; Charles H. Melntire. (leirge A. Post. .Tnseidi Bamford. .Ir. XI 2 *i*