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 JANES'S 
 
 UP-TO-NOW 
 
 Doctor Book and Readv 
 Remedies for the Hor«e 
 
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 JANES'S 
 
 UP-TO-NOW 
 
 Doctor Book and Ready 
 Remedies for the Horse 
 
 Price $2.00 
 
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 Cop3Tight 1913, by 
 
 S. R. JANES, D. V. S. 
 
 Turon, Kansas 
 
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 S. R. JANES 
 Author 
 
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BIOGRAPHY 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Elk 
 County, Kansas, in 1876. His parents moved to 
 Ness County, Kansas, in the spring of 1878. 
 When teh country was very new, it was not un- 
 common for nearest neighbors to be eight and ten 
 miles apart, limes were hard and crop failures 
 plenty, and when we did raise anything, we had 
 to market it with an ox team thirty-five miles 
 to a rail road, usually taking a week to go to town 
 and back. Talk about hard times, we knew what 
 hard times was. Many a time Johnny Cake and 
 cooked wheat looked good while at other times 
 we would try beef tongue and ox tail soup, try- 
 ing to make both ends meet. 
 
 Schools were not very plenty, and not above 
 the average at that, so I received my education 
 (what little I have) at a country sod school house, 
 hence I have never been troubled to any great 
 extent with a literary inspiration. But in early 
 life, I evinced a fondness for horses and began 
 a study of the horse and his many ills, and at an 
 early age began to buy horses for the market 
 being known in many places as the "Kid" horse 
 buyer, finally taking up the Veterinary Dentis- 
 try, wihch profession I have pursued most vigor- 
 ously for the past fifteen years with very satis- 
 
factorily results to my self and customers as well. 
 
 Having been requested many times to write 
 a book that would contain just what the farmer 
 and horseman needed and no more and yet at 
 a price within the reach of all, am at last to ex- 
 pose the product of my think tank in book form, 
 so if this book does not come up to your expecta- 
 tion, there is one palliating excuse, however that 
 hi hereby respectfully submitted. 
 
 I grew up in Western Kansas. Tn fifteen 
 years practice, have acquired a piece of land, a 
 small house in town, and blessed with a wife that 
 is a good cook and two sweet little daughters, 
 and a good practice, second to none in the State 
 and what more could a man ask for. Now after 
 all this humiliating explanation, there may be 
 some that cannot understand why this book was 
 written. Well I didn't write it, it's printed "C." 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The author of this book is personally known 
 to me, having had occasion to call him in cases 
 of sickness among my horses for many years and 
 can say that he is one of the gifted ones of his 
 profession, in fact he has the gift to discern the 
 nature of the disease with which his patient is 
 suffering and seldom if ever misses his diagnosis. 
 The fact of him being in possession of this gift 
 well qualifies him for the task he has undertaken. 
 Through this book he seeks to give his friends, 
 the farmers and horsemen, the benefit of his 
 years experience. 
 
 The fact that the author is well known over 
 several states as a leading veterinary surgeon, 
 coupled with the fact that he has cut out all non 
 essentials pertaining to the horse and condensed 
 it into a small volume of instructions on the 
 common every day ailments; breeding, raising, 
 feeding and treating the horse together with 
 many valuable receipts should make it one of the 
 most popular veterinary books ever published, 
 and we do not think it will take much of a prophet 
 to forecast for him universal success in his under- 
 taking. JAMES H. WOOD. 
 
 This preface was written by a gentleman well 
 known throughout this section of the country 
 "especially" as a lover of fine horses and consid- 
 ered by horse men to be good authority in matters 
 
pertaining to the horse, and being at this time 
 ergaged in the breeding of one of the finest types 
 of German coach horses in the United States. 
 
 Having learned I was getting out a "right 
 now" doctor book; he volunteered to write the 
 preface, which is here given as a short concise 
 introduction to the author's own efforts, with an 
 esteemed appreciation of the high compliment 
 paid him by this lover of the horse family, the 
 publication of which needs no apology consider- 
 ing the source from whence it came. 
 
Treatment of Horses Teeth 
 
 The horse's teeth and their relation to the 
 horse's health, in bringing this little book to the 
 farmer and horseman, I do not do it thinking that 
 it will fill a long felt want, but a short felt need. 
 
 Having specialized in dentistry for fifteen 
 years, I believe I am in a position to render a 
 large service to the horseman in this time. When 
 I first took up the veterinary work, fifteen years 
 ago, one of the first things I learned was that 
 not every man that wore the title D. V. S., was 
 a horse dentist having come in contact with three 
 year old colts with lumps on the face and to my 
 surprise many times their owner never dreamed 
 of them having bad teeth and in other cases the 
 farmer had some "hoss-doctor" or "tooth carpen- 
 ter" to butcher away on his colt only to leave 
 him in a worse condition than he found him. 
 Now colts are just like children. Many children 
 do not shed their first or milk teeth and what is 
 
8 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 the result? I will tell you briefly their perma- 
 nent teeth are there and will, as surely and cer- 
 tainly grow as they are there. Then if the first 
 or milk teeth do not shed the other teeth will 
 crowd in anyway and as a natural result the child 
 goes through life with a mouthfull of crooked 
 teeth ; where as if a little attention at the proper 
 time had been paid them, they could have had 
 a nice even set of teeth. Now colts have the 
 same trouble in shedding their milk caps, hence 
 the permanent teeth grow and instead of grow- 
 ing around the milk caps they only grow up 
 through the superior maxilla or face bone, if it 
 is the upper teeth, and in case it is the lower 
 teeth they grow down through the lower jaw, 
 causing lumps to come on the jaw the same as 
 on the face in case it is the upper caps. 
 
 Now fifteen or twenty years ago, a great many 
 people were laboring under the impression that 
 wolf teeth also commonly called blind teeth, were 
 the cause of the lumps on the young horses head. 
 
 Then about the first thing in order^ was to 
 take him to the blacksmith shop and use a ham- 
 mer and punch it trying to knock out the blind 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 9 
 
 teeth, and in many cases where the poor 
 dumb animal objected to this form of torture (as 
 that was all you could call it) , they were thrown, 
 hog tied, and again subjected to a vigorous pound- 
 ing on the teeth with about a four pound ham- 
 mer, perhaps on the right tooth, perhaps not. 
 Mostly not on account of laboring under a mis- 
 taken idea. Thanks be to Heaven this cruel prac- 
 tice is being fast banished from our fair land. 
 
 Twenty years ago, the rough uncouth man, 
 with about every other word an oath, and from a 
 quart to a half gallon of booze in his grip, was 
 a common characteristic of the "hoss-doctor ;" 
 but these quacks are being relegated to the Attic 
 of Oblivion and are being replaced by clean manly 
 mien in a great many instances, that are gradu- 
 ates from recognized Veterinary Colleges and are 
 well qualified for their position. Silch men 
 should be honored and supported accordingly. It 
 is an undisputed fact that such men as these, 
 are an absolute necessity in every community. 
 But on the other hand, there are those unprin- 
 cipled men who have nothing good at heart for 
 either man or beast, and only wish to load them- 
 
10 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 selves down with ill gotten dollars. 
 
 May the day soon come when these men, even 
 though they are competent, have to take their 
 place among the class first mentioned and also 
 be relegated to the attic of the has beens, on 
 account of there being no place for them in the 
 class of the Twentieth Century Veterinary Sur- 
 geon. 
 
 But now, lest I forget, will proceed with my 
 subject. In the first place, a horse cannot be 
 a good sound, serviceable horse unless he has 
 good teeth with which he can masticate his food. 
 When a horse has sharp molars, a long tooth or 
 an ulcerated tooth, he cannot thrive as he should. 
 Hence, he cannot stand the work he otherwise 
 could, but these three are not so serious a sub- 
 ject as the milk cap problem, yet it is given more 
 attention than the coming three year old colt 
 ever has. 
 
 This one subject is worth many many times 
 the price of this book if the horseman and farmer 
 will read and thoroughly digest these truths. 
 
 As I said in the beginning of this article, not 
 every man that was, or called himself "Doc," 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 11 
 
 was a horse dentist and in the first twelve months 
 of my practice I had occasion to examine no less 
 than twenty colts that the owners had looked 
 after his milk caps and though there were a 
 large number of veterinaries represented in this 
 number of colts, I found in every case they had 
 over-looked from one to four and five milk caps 
 in each mouth. By this time I had thoroughly 
 made up my mind that one thing I would do and 
 that was to master the milk cap problem or quit 
 the business; and while I met with failures occa- 
 sionally, it only made me more determined to go 
 after it all the harder, and in the period of six 
 years, I got so I would never fail on a milk cap 
 and could tell without even looking in the mouth. 
 By just feeling them. 
 
 In the last lifteen years, I believe I am safe 
 in saying, that I have run across at least five 
 hundred colts that other men had worked on 
 their teeth and supposed to have removed the 
 milk caps, but had failed to discover them, and 
 in this same number of years, have known of at 
 least fifteen colts that their death could be traced 
 directly to the dentist that had worked on their 
 
12 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 teeth. Either by breaking off some of the per- 
 manent teeth, thinking they were milk caps where 
 they were not, or by trephining, which is a great 
 hobby with some, mostly because there is from 
 $5.00 to $10.00 in it, when if they would take 
 their forcepts and remove the caps, they would 
 only have about a $2.00 or $3.00 job. 
 
 I practiced this method of trephining the first 
 two years of my practice and found it to be a fail- 
 ure, so quit it and have since condemned it, both 
 public and private. Of course there may be a 
 few that would do better by trephining, but they 
 are very scarce. 
 
 I have been called on many times to trephine 
 ? young horse that had a lump on his face from 
 the cap not shedding. The owner had been ad- 
 vised by some "Veterinary" that this was the 
 only way the tooth could be removed, but to his 
 surprise I refused to take a punch and hammer 
 and knock it out, which system is known as 
 trephining, but would simply take my forceps 
 and remove a few caps and usually in course of ^ 
 few weeks, the lumps would gradually disappear. 
 Of course they will not always go away, neither 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 13 
 
 will they go by the method of trephining. 
 
 I cannot remember the number of men that 
 have come to me in time and have said, "Doctor, 
 I wish I had taken your advice and not had my 
 horse trephined as the lump is still there and a 
 running sore with it." 
 
 The most important of all teeth on the horse, 
 is on the coming three year old colt. As I have 
 said before, if the colt sheds his milk caps as he 
 should, and gets a nice straight set of permanent 
 teeth, he will usually have good teeth until he 
 is well up in his teens. On the other hand, if 
 his caps are allowed to remain on too long and 
 cause crooked, irregular jaw teeth, (that is his 
 permanent teeth) you can see plainly that though 
 you have his teeth dressed every year, he still 
 has a crooked set of teeth. So do not forget this 
 one thing, if you discard the balance of the book. 
 
 Bad teeth in horses cause at least forty per 
 cent of the sickness the horse is heir to, such as ; 
 impaction, indigestion, colic, and many other ail- 
 ments. So it behooves the farmer to see to it 
 th; ' 's best friend on the farm, the horse, has 
 h'' .h in first class condition. 
 
14 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Not more than four years ago, I was called 
 to see a filly three years old or coming three, had 
 only been sick about two hours when I got there, 
 but I told the owner there was very little hope 
 of her getting well and in a few hours she died. 
 Now this same man did not believe in having his 
 horses teeth looked after as he put it. Nature 
 would look after them. In about eighteen 
 months, I was at this man's place and went out 
 in the pasture where he had this filly and got the 
 skull which showed very clearly she had not shed 
 any of her milk caps. In one or two of them, 
 there were small parts rotted out and in these 
 cavities were rotted food. Now while this filly 
 was living, this decayed food would pass into her 
 system every day or two and then these places 
 would fill again with fresh food, only to rot and 
 pass on in to the system poisoning the blood; and 
 there is no doubt in my mind, but this filly's 
 death was caused by bad teeth. Yet I am fre- 
 quently confronted with a wise horseman that 
 will remark "Oh ! my horses teeth are alright, as 
 they are all young." This is a bad mistake, as 
 young horses are the ones that need the best 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 15 
 
 attention until after they have shed their caps. 
 
 Colts usually begin to drop their caps at about 
 thirty months old and by the time they are forty 
 months old they should all be gone. Of course 
 there are some that will shed a little earlier than 
 this and some go until they are nearly four years 
 old. But these cases are very rare, and now 
 say Mr. Farmer, let me tell you right here, in all 
 the dental work you have done, this is the most 
 important of all, and you should know your man 
 is thoroughly qualified to do this work as he cai]^ 
 make you big money by removing these caps as 
 they should be, or he can lose you money by 
 not taking all the caps off that are ripe. There 
 has been a great amount of damage done on young 
 horses mouths by unqualified men trying to re- 
 move caps or what they thought were caps, but 
 proved later to be permanent teeth. 
 
 The first three jaw teeth are all the ones that 
 shed and in case the dentist tries to pull caps 
 farther back, stop him at once, as he is not on to 
 his job. 
 
 Now not all men make this mistake inten- 
 tionally just for the coin they get out of it. But 
 
16 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 a ^eat many really think they are pulling on 
 caps, as the milk cap and permanent tooth are 
 very much alike just to look at them in the 
 mouth, but by observing more closely, you will 
 notice that the cap is darker in color and has 
 a much smoother surface than the new or per- 
 manent tooth, which invariably has a very deep 
 groove on the face of the tooth. Of course, there 
 are cases that the milk cap is nearly white. By 
 looking into the horse's mouth, you can notice 
 a depression in the teeth and usually this is very 
 light in color and you can count every time this 
 is a milk cap wore down very thin. 
 
 I heard of a colt in 1906 on my travel, that 
 the man said he had got a dentist to remove the 
 caps, and in about six or seven days the horse 
 died. This colt was coming four years old and 
 this man said he did not believe in this dental 
 work on the colts. Of course this was enough 
 to disgust anyone, as his colt was the making of a 
 fifteen hundred or sixteen hundred pound horse, 
 and this was his first dental work on horses. I 
 learned where he had taken the colt after death, 
 and sent a young man (then a student of mine) 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 17 
 
 over to his farm to secure this colt's head, and 
 on his return, we placed it in a tub of lye water 
 until we got all the flesh off, then the secret 
 was out. The dentist had broken off five of this 
 colt's permanent molars, thinking he was pulling 
 at milk caps, and had split the jaw bone in several 
 places. Chances are, this colt died from lock- 
 jaw; from the awful pain caused by this prying 
 on these teeth. This is only one case in dozens 
 1 have run across in my travels. 
 
 Shortly after this, I had a talk with a farmer 
 that had just had a colt trephined. It had a 
 very large lump on the face and of course "Mr. 
 Dentist" wanted some experience in this line, and 
 told the good old farmer that there was only one 
 way that this tooth could be removed and that 
 was to trephine or punch it out, and of course he 
 gave his consent to the operation and willingly 
 paid the $5.00. But he was out a good horse, be- 
 sides being $5.00 wiser. After he had related his 
 experience to me, and also requested me to come 
 to his place and look his herd over, I made a date 
 to go and also got him to go to the boneyard 
 and bring this colt's head he had trephined, to 
 
18 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 the house for me telling him how he would find 
 the caps all hanging on, which he found as soon 
 as he looked at the horse's skull, and also the 
 skull showed very plainly the operator had driven 
 his punch through in to the roof of the colt's 
 mouth instead of slanting with the face bone 
 the way the tooth set in the jaw. 
 
 Now, my dear Mr. Horseman, if this book of 
 mine will only convert men to this idea of mine 
 not to allow your horse to be subjected to this 
 cruel and barbarous treatment of trephining. 
 I shall feel amply paid for all my labor in pre- 
 paring this work, by knowing I have been the 
 cause of relieving a few dumjb animals of a great 
 amount of suffering. 
 
 The dressing of the older horse's teeth is also 
 important, but not so much so as the colt, as 
 there can not be the harm done on them, as on 
 the colt. The first thing to observe when the 
 operator begins to use his float, is to see that he 
 runs it on the outer edge of the upper molars 
 and the insides of the lower molars. If he at- 
 tempts to run the float on the face of the tooth, 
 you may know he is a green hand at the busi- 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 19 
 
 ness and stop him at once, or he will ruin the 
 horse's mouth, as the face of the tooth should 
 never be touched with the float, because the burr 
 or mill which is the rough surface of the face 
 of the tooth, was put there by Nature, to 
 grind the food and should this be filed down 
 smooth, the food will slip out of the teeth and 
 the animal cannot grind it. 
 
 I have quite often had a farmer say to me 
 when I would ask them about their horses teeth, 
 that I just had my horse's teeth dressed and now 
 he cannot eat at all, and many times on examina- 
 tion, I found that they had absolutely floated 
 all the rough surface off the tooth. Now, it does 
 not take much of a horseman to tell if the dentist 
 is running his float on the corners of the teeth 
 or on the surface and this should not be allowed 
 under any circumstances. 
 
Blind Staggers and Its Causes 
 
 This subject is one of vital importance to 
 horsemen of Kansas, and many other states as 
 well. Kansas alone has lost millions of dollars 
 worth of horses in the last ten years from stag- 
 gers in its many forms, and will continue to lose 
 them for many years to come, or some people will 
 at least. 
 
 Now I expect many people to differ with me 
 in regard to belief as to the cause of blind stag- 
 gers and I am perfectly willing that they should, 
 as up to date, no one has ever been able to give 
 the cause and thoroughly demonstrate it to the 
 satisfaction of anyone. As the horse seems to 
 have the staggers on dry hay, corn, fodder, kaf- 
 fir corn, straw, green wheat or under any other 
 conditions, but in as much as I have the record 
 of curing as many or more cases of staggers than 
 any one in the state of Kansas, I think my opin- 
 ion in this matter is worthy of at least an ex- 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 21 
 
 pression and while some critics may say I am 
 radical on this subject, I want to go on record as 
 having said fifty per cent of the cases of blind 
 staggers could be avoided with proper care, by 
 looking after their having pure or clean water, 
 plenty of salt and above all things, keep them 
 strictly out of the stalk fields. Now I maintain 
 that anything that will cause indigestion or im- 
 paction, will cause staggers, as you seldom see a 
 horse with the staggers unless he is clogged to a 
 certain extent. Many of my readers have no 
 doubt at times suffered with an attack of bilious- 
 ness. When on rising to your feet you would 
 be very dizzy, in fact nearly blind and then 
 again you have had light attacks of Auto Intox- 
 ication, which is far worse than just being a 
 little bilious, as in the latter the system has taken 
 up the poison by or through the blood and 
 carried it all through the body, hence a sluggish 
 liver or a badly deranged system. The blood is 
 thick and very black. Now it is a well known 
 fact, that horses suffer from a great number 
 of diseases that the human family is heir to and 
 I maintain that horses, like the human, can be 
 
22 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 and are subject to auto intoxication and the treat- 
 ment of staggers is very much like the treatment 
 of Auto intoxication in man. 
 
 If I can get a horse's bowels open in good 
 shape, and his kidneys to act freely, I consider 
 I have him on the road to recovery. In case he 
 is very blind, I usually bleed him freely to com- 
 mence with, but advise in all cases to call in a 
 veterinary surgeon, if there s one to be had. 
 
 But now, Mr. Farmer, if you will always ob- 
 serve these rules, you will seldom, if ever, lose 
 an animal with staggers. Never feed corn fod- 
 der, never feed wormy corn as the worm dust is 
 absolutely indigestible. Never feed horses where 
 they have to eat their grain off the ground, this 
 will prove an expensive habit. Never feed old 
 half rotted hay, as there is no nourishment in it. 
 Never feed kaffir corn or wheat straw too long 
 without changing feed on your horses. Never 
 keep your horses closed up in a tight bam, re- 
 member pure air is as essestial to health in 
 beast as in man; and also that he should have 
 some salt occasionally and above all things, never 
 soak corn in the summer time longer than from 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 23 
 
 one feed until the next, and always use fresh 
 water each time, as the habit of having sour 
 corn may cost you a good horse when least ex- 
 pected. Horses, like men, like good clean food 
 as well as an occasonal change in diet. 
 
 I have had the experience of going through 
 two or three bad epidemics of staggers. The 
 last one in the winter of 1905 and 1906, when 
 Pratt county is said to have lost around three 
 thousand head and Reno and Harvey, each lost 
 hundreds of heads, and I noticed over all my ter- 
 ritory some men feeding some kaffir fodder and 
 from all appearances caring for their horses just 
 as the other farmers were that were losing hors- 
 es, but on investigating more closely I learned 
 that the "lucky ones" as they were termed, were 
 not lucky, but had just used better judgment in 
 the care, by way of changing feed often. Hav- 
 ing plenty of, salt in a clean box at all times 
 where his horses could get to it. Always remem- 
 ber when changing feed, do it very gradual for 
 instance, if you wish to change from prairie hay 
 to mowed feed of any kind, or alfalfa, give them 
 a little at a time until they get accustomed to it. 
 
24 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Many men are good to ther horses in the way 
 of feeding, and really some times are too good, 
 by giving them more than they should have. The 
 result is a bad case of colic. This is why I have 
 made the assertion that fifty per cent of cases 
 of staggers could be avoided by proper care. 
 
Colic, It's Cause and Remedy 
 
 As most farmers are very familiar with the 
 various forms of colic, I shall only say a very 
 few words on this subject. In the first place, one 
 of the most common causes of colic is over-feed- 
 ing and then another cause is hard driving on a 
 full stomach, quite often a horse brought in off 
 a hard drive or out of the field and allowed all 
 the cool water it wants, which will naturally re- 
 tard digestion. When the horse has partly eaten 
 his food he will be noticed to stop eating and 
 show signs of pain, and in a few minutes the 
 owner has found a drench bottle and has a nice 
 bunch of soda and sweet milk. Then in about 
 fifteen minutes, this is followed by some other 
 mixture, maybe molasses and vinegar, and in 
 case this does not work, some knowing one has a 
 sharp knife and bleeds the horse in the roof of 
 the mouth and if this fails, some other remedy is 
 suggested and eventually the horse is real sick 
 and the owner is ready to call a veterinary after 
 
26 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 it is too late for the proper medicine to work. 
 Now here is my advice on this subject. \If you 
 are not sure it is colic, give none of the so-called 
 colic cures, and in case you are sure it is colic, 
 then give no medicine, unless you know the chem- 
 ical action of it. 
 
 I will give you one of the best all purpose 
 colic cure receipts here I know of, and this sel- 
 dom ever fails to give relief: 
 
 Raw Oil oz. 24 
 
 Turpentine oz. 1 
 
 Tinct. Assafoetida oz. 1 
 
 Chloroform oz. 1 
 
 Tinct. Capsicum drams 1 
 
 Mix and give as one dose. 
 In addition to the above causes for colic, I 
 might add that bad teeth are a very common 
 cause, hence, it is advisable to have your horses 
 teeth looked after occasionally; if they have a 
 long tooth, have it cut off. Do not allow any one 
 to rasp it down as they are apt to ruin the face of 
 the. other teeth before they get it short enough. 
 If the edges are rough or they have a decayed 
 tooth, it should be looked after. 
 
Bots in Horses 
 
 Although there is but a few weeks in each 
 year that the horse is free from the hot, it seldom 
 causes trouble; but when they do, it usually ter- 
 minates fatal. The gadfly deposits its egg on the 
 horses coats during the latter months of the year, 
 only to be taken off into the system later on by 
 the horse biting at itself and getting some of the 
 hair that hold these eggs into its mouth, then of 
 course they are hatched out in the horse and as a 
 general rule in due course of time pass on through 
 wthout doing any damage. As a rule when they 
 do affect the horse, there is very little that can 
 be done, unless you can determine at once that 
 this is what is wrong, as they set to work at once 
 and burrow their bill into the lining of the stom- 
 ach so deep that no medicine will reach them. 
 
 Here is an old fashioned remedy that is about 
 as good as any and some claim that they never 
 
28 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 fail with this remedy if taken in time. Here is 
 the receipt: take of each, 
 
 Common Sorghum Molasses 1-2 pint 
 
 Hom|s Made Soap (soft) 1-2 pint 
 
 Sweet Milk or Cream 1-2 pint 
 
 Mix and give as one dose. 
 
 The bots naturally let go and begin to eat on 
 the sweets or molasses. The soft soap acts as a 
 physic and sends them on through the horse, and 
 the cream saves any bad effect on the stomach 
 from the soap. 
 
Pin Worms and How Treated 
 
 These are a yellowish white worm, usually 
 tapers at both ends, and lives and thrives in the 
 horse's intestines under a great many different 
 conditions, but seldom proves fatal. Usually this 
 worm affects the horse more in the fall and win- 
 ter than any other time of the year. This being 
 on account of the animal being fed on dry feed. 
 Now as these worms vary in size, color and na- 
 ture, but very little, I shall treat them all as one 
 family, as I have found by experience, what kills 
 one kind, kills all. Hence there is no use to go 
 into detail of all these different species, such as 
 teres-lumbrici, strongyli; oxyures, filaria, and 
 many others. In fact there are some thirty odd 
 number of different worms, but in reality they 
 are nearly all the same and my cure in these 
 cases may seem so simple to some, to try in that 
 event you will have to hunt a veterinary who will 
 fix you up all right and as a rule make you pay 
 
30 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 enough to think the remedy is all right and a 
 winner. 
 
 In the first place when your horse has worms, 
 he will as a rule show it around the annus by 
 small white substances sticking to him. Then in 
 many cases your horse will be very thin and his 
 hair look bad. If you are certain he has worms, 
 the first place cut down his rations by just giving 
 him bran mixed with a little oil meal for a day or 
 two. Then say, in the morning of the third day, 
 just give him water and in the evening give him 
 the following physic : 
 
 Raw Oil - 1 pint 
 
 Bitter Aloes 1/2 ounce 
 
 Calomel 2 drams 
 
 Give this as one dose, and as a rule the worms 
 disappear. 
 
 Sometimes it is well to follow up with the fol- 
 lowing tonic: Tartar emetic, each one ounce, 1 
 Q. and S. Tablets No. 20. Mix and add one 
 pound oil meal and give two tablespoonfulls in 
 feed three times daily. 
 
Sore Eyes and How Treated 
 
 There is no other one ailment to which the 
 horse is heir to in this Twentieth Century, that is 
 so little understod as this one, and no other ill of 
 the horse is so universally mistreated as this one 
 of sore eyes. About the first thing the farmer 
 does when he finds one of his horses has a sore 
 eye, it matters not whether it is conjunctivitis or 
 what it may be, he dumps a handful of salt into 
 the eye. Naturally adding insult to injury and 
 in case this does not work he dumps in some 
 burnt alum or puts in some calomel. Now, imag- 
 ine putting calomel in a sore eye. It is no won- 
 der some men never have any luck with horses. 
 It matters not what is the matter with your 
 horses' eyes, never put salt, alum, calomel, blue- 
 vitriol or white vitriol in teh eye, especially full 
 strength. 
 
 Here is a good remedy in case of sore eyes, in 
 fact about the best there is for all kinds of sore 
 
32 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 eyes, such as inflarr^mation, caused by a kick or 
 getting hurt in any way. Take protargol grains 
 40, water two ounces, drop a few drops in the eye 
 in the morning, then get atropine sulphate, grains 
 15, water one and one-half ounces, and drop in 
 the eye in the evening. Of each of these just use 
 once daily. One in the morning and the other in 
 the evening. 
 
Lamanitis or Flounder 
 
 This is a very common complaint. As I am 
 called to attend founder quite frequently, I 
 shall instruct my reader in a very short and con- 
 cise way as how to treat this trouble as well as 
 how to prevent same. Of course in case you let 
 a horse get to grain and gorge himself, as hap- 
 pens once in a while in case of accident, this 
 method of preventing does not apply. But in 
 many cases such as water founder, wind founder 
 and so on, you can invariably avoid this by a 
 little precaution. Wind founder usually comes 
 from hard driving and then stopping your team 
 where they are in a draught. This only takes a 
 very few minutes to wind founder some horses, 
 dependng of course on conditions and then comes 
 grain founder, which is as a general rule an acci- 
 dent, but can be caused by feeding a large feed of 
 grain while the animal is too warm. This can 
 easily be avoided by allowing the horse to cool a 
 few minutes before you feed. This also applies 
 
34 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 to water founder. Some men bring their horses 
 in from a drive red hot and turn them to a tank 
 to fill up, which is a bad habit. Of course, most 
 authority agree it is not the quantity of water 
 that founders, but is as a rule the first few swal- 
 lows. If this be true, which I think it is, we 
 should be very careful not to let our horse drink 
 too fast to begin with. In case you get a founder, 
 the first thing give a physic and in case it is a 
 grain founder, you should see to it that your horse 
 gets a good physic. The following is a very good 
 physic : 
 
 Bitter Aloes 2 ounces. 
 
 Raw Oil 1 quart 
 
 Give as one dose. One-half of this amount is 
 plenty in any other founder, but grain founder, 
 then bleed in the button at the back of the pas- 
 tern joint by splitting open with your knife, see 
 that the animal bleeds at least one quart from 
 him one teaspoonful nitrate potash in a bran mash 
 twice daily. In case he is so badly foundered he 
 won't eat, give this potash on his tongue and if he 
 is very stiff take a common flat iron and heat 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 35 
 
 quite hot, turn the foot upside down and fill with 
 turpentine and then place a piece of hea\ y brown 
 paper over the turpentine and put on the hot iron 
 until the turpentine has all disappeared Into the 
 foot and then proceed to treat the rest of the feet 
 the same way and you will soon have a well horse. 
 I have cured some of the worst cases of founder 
 I have ever seen in two or three days by this 
 treatment. This alone, is worth five times the 
 cost of this book to any horseman and will, in case 
 it is carried out save a many case of contracted 
 feet, which as a rule renders the horse unfit for 
 service, as well as valueless. 
 
Contracted Hoofs 
 
 As this trouble follows founder, I shall give 
 you a short insight to its cause and treatment. In 
 the first place, founder neglected and let go cause 
 many cases of contracted feet. Then there are 
 many other causes such as poor shoeing, hard 
 driving on long drives and hard roads, sometimes 
 cause contracted feet, partially Mue to the great 
 exertion and over amount of blood passing 
 to the extremities and allowing them to cool off 
 while standing. Bruises on the feet also cause 
 contracted hoofs. If the case is one of long stand- 
 ing, there is no cure for them. But any case can 
 be greatly helped and in event it has not affected 
 the inside of the foot seriously, they can be cured 
 
 by the following treatment : 
 
 In the first place, pare the hoof do\vn about 
 all it will stand, then get you two gallons of raw 
 oil, place about one quart good and warm in some 
 flat iron kettle, large enough that will hold the 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 37 
 
 horse's foot, then have about one-half gallon oil 
 boiling hot in another vessel and pour it into this 
 iron kettle until you get it as hot as the horse will 
 stand it, and keep it there for about thirty min- 
 utes, and repeat it twice a week for about four 
 weeks and occasionally paint the hoof with the 
 following hoof ointment: 
 
 Neats Foot Oil 8 oz. 
 
 Oil Tar 8 oz. 
 
 TuiTDentine 4 oz. 
 
 Oil Organum 4 oz. 
 
 Apply on hoof with feather. 
 
Sweeney 
 
 This is caused by the muscles shrinking away 
 and the membrane adhering to the scapula or the 
 shoulder blade, and may be caused by hard pull- 
 ing, a loose fitting collar, a slip, strain or various 
 other causes. In a short time the horse will go 
 lame and in course of a few days you will notice 
 the shoulders begin to wither away. The major- 
 ity of these cases are caused when breaking the 
 colt, and if the one breaking the colt would ex- 
 ercise more care and judgment, nine-tenths of 
 these cases could be avoided. In case you are 
 unfortunate enough to have one of these cases, 
 you can very handy cure it without laying your 
 horse off. Of course unless this is treated right, 
 it is sometimes a very stubborn proposition, as I 
 have known cases that had been treated by vari- 
 ous ones for as high as two or three years with- 
 out effecting a cure, and of course when let run 
 this long, are very hard to cure. In the first 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 39 
 
 place, every one has a cure for Sweeney. They 
 split the skin, drop in a dimie and occasionally one 
 gets well Then again, they fill the shoulder up 
 with turpentine or blister it until it very near 
 brings hair, hide and all off, and so on, but the 
 horse still has the Sweeney. Some split a small 
 place in the shoulder and fill with air. This is 
 very effectual if you perform the operation right, 
 but be sure and see that you have the air under 
 the membrane. That is adhered to the scapula 
 or your work is a failure. 
 
 The best and surest way, is to insert a rowel. 
 Take a soft pine stick about fourteen inches long, 
 shave in shape of a paddle, then prepare a strip 
 of muslin about two feet long and three inches 
 wide. Mix equal parts lard and turpentine and 
 saturate the musling, then with a sharp knife, 
 split the skin in the center and at the top of the 
 Sweeney then insert your paddle and work the 
 membrane loose carefully until you have it all 
 loose clear to the bottom of the sunken place, 
 then cut out a hole at the bottom and have a 
 hole or eye in the end of the stick and bring it up 
 through the opening at the top and tie v-he ends 
 
40 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 together and secure the animal in some way, so it 
 will not tear this out and be sure and change this 
 strip every three or four days and leave it in 
 there fourteen days. When you can remove it 
 with safety but be sure and turn this string every 
 day and do not leave one string in longer than four 
 days without replacing it wth a clean strip. This 
 is the treatment that never fails on sweeney. But 
 my advice, in case you are not handy with instru- 
 ments, is to call in a veterinary surgeon to oper- 
 ate on your horse to commence with and do the 
 changing later on yourself. 
 
LampaSy Cause and Treatment 
 
 This is a very common trouble, but one that 
 seldom bothers the horse as much as it does the 
 horse's owner. I have had countless numbers of 
 these cases in niy fifteen years' practice and can- 
 not call to mind of ever charging a man yet to 
 treat his horse for lampas, it being so simple, I 
 would show him so he could treat his horse ever 
 after. In years gone by, men were accustomed 
 to burning the horse for this trouble. But in 
 this Twentieth Century, a man would be arrest- 
 ed for such cruel and barbarious treatment to his 
 dumb animal. In the first place in order to treat 
 this insignificant ailment, you must first under- 
 stand the cause of the trouble, which I will give 
 you in a few words. 
 
 It is caused by the first bar of the upper pal- 
 ate adhering to the incisor teeth, this causes an 
 irritation and the gums swell and naturally in- 
 terfere with their eating. Now in the first place, 
 
42 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 take the tongue in the left hand, draw it out of 
 the mouth far enough to admit of you getting your 
 other hand in the mouth and with your thumb 
 scrape the gums loose from the upper front teeth. 
 It may become necessary to do this two or three 
 times in some cases. But in case you do, rub a 
 little salt in the gums and teeth, this will have a 
 tendency to expedite matters some. A man 
 should never allow anyone to burn or cut his 
 horse's gums for the lampas. If the veterinary 
 has no better sense, the farmers should have. 
 
Collar Boils and Sore Necks 
 
 While I am talking- on the common ailments of 
 the horse, must not overlook these two, as I have 
 them to contend with in great numbers every 
 year, and these two, like the sweeney, could be in 
 a large measure avoided with plenty of good judg- 
 ment and a little foresight. Many times an ill- 
 fitting collar starts a sore neck or shoulder, and 
 as a rule at the busiest time of the year, just 
 when the farmer feels he cannot lay the horse 
 off even for a few days. 
 
 As a rule these cases are started in the spring 
 of the year after the horse has had an all winter's 
 rest. The shoulders and neck, as well as the rest 
 of the body, are soft and tender, and are thrown 
 into the collar many times that fit in the fall but 
 in the spring is no ways near a fit. But, of 
 course, the poor horse cannot talk and tell his 
 troubles, hence he trudges along day in and day 
 out, his neck and shoulders are getting sore, but 
 
44 Jones's Up-to-Now 
 
 the thoughtless driver never suspects the horse 
 has a sore neck, until by chance he happens to pull 
 on the hame a little hard or catches him by the 
 neck while harnessing him, then if he is a lover 
 of the horse, he sees to it that the horse has his 
 neck and shoulders bathed two or three times a 
 day in warm salt water, then thoroughly dried 
 and a little oil of organum bathed on to help 
 toughen them. But in case he is a howling ruf- 
 fian he is more apt to take a punch at the side of 
 the horse's head for even flinching under the pain 
 of the sore neck. May God hasten the day when 
 human beings called "men," will more fully appre- 
 ciate the fact they owe a debt of gratitude to the 
 horse ten thousand times larger than they do to 
 some heartless men that mistreat and abuse him. 
 In case your horse gets sore neck before you are 
 aware of it, see to it that you have his collar ad- 
 justed to his neck and shoulders perfectly and 
 kep the sore dry by dusting on two parts pulv. 
 alum!, two parts sulphur, one part sugar lead, 
 morning, noon and night, better yet if you have 
 a can of Janes' Antiseptic Healing Powder, dust 
 or sprinkle on sores two or three times daily. 
 
Retention of the Urine 
 
 This is usually, or quite frequently caused by 
 the horse being foul. If the horse has a small 
 sheath which is caused by castrating too young, 
 many times, you should draw his yard and pass 
 your finger around the head and also in the open- 
 ing to make sure there is no hard substances 
 there. Be sure and remove all foreign substances, 
 then have a spoonful of grease handy and thor- 
 oughly grease his yard and in ten or twelve hours 
 you should take a pan of warm soap water and 
 wash him out clean. Then bathe him across the 
 loins with Janes' O. K. Liniment and blanket him 
 for several hours. In case he has trouble of this 
 nature again soon, you should give him a few 
 drops oil sassafras in his feed. Say twenty or 
 thirty drops twice daily for four or five days. 
 
Hide Bound 
 
 This is not so much a shrinking away of the 
 flesh between the skin and muscles, as it is an 
 alteration of the hide itself. It usually is a dry- 
 ing up of the oily substance of the skin itself. 
 Hence, it becomes dry and hard. The scales to 
 the cuticle no longer yields to the skin, but sep- 
 arating in every direction, turns the hair and 
 gives it a dead staring look, showing plainly the 
 horse is in bad condition. This disease is caused 
 by a deranged condition of the digestive organs. 
 
 Treatment: First give a bran mash with 
 about two drams calomel in it night and morning. 
 Just give two doses of the calomel but continue 
 the bran mashes for a week or so, giving about 
 ten to fifteen drops Fowlers solution of arsenic 
 and increase this until you are giving 60 drops 
 twice daily. Give this in the bran mash and add 
 to this day by day a little oil meal, say begin with 
 one tablespoonful and increase until you are giv- 
 ing him about four spoonfuls and your hide bound 
 horse will soon be all right. 
 
Fistulae, Its Causes and 
 Treatment 
 
 In the first place, let me say I have met very 
 few who agree entirely with me as to the cause 
 of this disagreeable trouble to which the horse is 
 heir to. But you well know the old saying, "Fig- 
 ures do not lie" (except in gas meters), so 1 
 shall give you some of my experiences with this 
 disease, Early in my practice, I discovered this 
 a very hard thing to cure as many men come to 
 me with their horse that seemed to have been 
 cured by some Vetrinary, but the disease broke 
 out later on showing it had only been dried up 
 and not cured. This caused me to make a hard 
 study of this trouble, and as I had from six to a 
 dozen cases on hand at a time treating them for 
 this trouble, I certainly had plenty of study from 
 the practical side of it, and also made all the 
 investigations I could from a theoretical stand- 
 
48 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 point. Many authors gave as the direct reason 
 or cause for fistulae too tight a collar, a bruise 
 and such other causes as is well known to all 
 horsemen. Working on this theory for a number 
 of years, with more or less failure, until the 
 spring of 1902, after having made a tour of 
 Oklahoma and Texas, at my professional work 
 in which states I found fistulae to be a very 
 common ailment. 
 
 Then following this experience with a tour 
 over the states of Minnesota and the Dakotas, 
 and over many of the provinces of Canada, only 
 to find a very few cases of fistulae in all this 
 northern country. Hence I arrived at the follow- 
 ing conclusion. That this disease was of a scrof- 
 ulous nature, this disease being more numerous 
 h\ the south than in the north, and I began experi- 
 ments along this line and in the course of two 
 years I dared any man to bring me a fistulae I 
 could not cure. 
 
 Of course, there are some cases that are very 
 stubborn and do not yield very readily to treat- 
 ment, but if the owner gave me time I would 
 always effect a cure. I never said positively I 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 49 
 
 could cure all cases until in 1905 when I ran 
 across a little black mare in Oklahoma that had 
 had the fistulas for about five or six years and 
 the owner informed me about six different veter- 
 inary surgeons had tried this case, but all had 
 failed to cure. Of course he had become discour- 
 aged on account he had paid out nearly $50.00 
 on her and still had no cure. Hence it was up to 
 me to treat her, no cure no pay. This being con- 
 trary to my system, I was reluctant to begin 
 operations, but on account of this mare being so 
 well known, I finally agreed to treat her and 
 while it took six or eight months, I at last effected 
 a cure and after that treated no less than fifteen 
 cases in that county. 
 
 I am a firm believer in the day not being far 
 away when some genius of the profession work- 
 ing out a serum that will be an absolute cure for 
 this trouble as they now have a serum that is 
 being used for this trouble with some degree of 
 success, showing beyond any doubt that this dis- 
 ease is of a scrofulous nature. 
 
 Now I do not claim that a strain or collar 
 bruise does not play its part in bringing this 
 
50 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 about, but is not the real cause. When this germ 
 is in the system and the horse gets a bruise and 
 make a home for this little germ to work in, 
 hence they begin to multiply and in a short time 
 you see a swollen place on the withers or wherever 
 it comes, as he is subject to this trouble from his 
 ears to his tail. Pole evil is no more than a 
 fistulous sore. 
 
 This is a hard disease to give treatment for 
 on account of there being so many stages of it. 
 Take in the beginning where it is just swollen 
 and no pus formed, it can be scattered by applying 
 snow liniment and rub in well, night and morning 
 for two or three days. The receipt of which you 
 will find farther on in this book. In case pus has 
 formed, it should always be opened up in good 
 shape and syringed out with some good dis- 
 iiifectant, but always call a veterinarian if you 
 can get one, as I have found many different 
 stages of this trouble and each demands its own 
 peculiar treatment. 
 
 In case you cannot get a veterinary, you 
 should open up the pus sack and insert a piece 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 51 
 
 of blue vitriol about the size of a marble, common 
 size and in about three days you can lift out the 
 dead sack. Then keep thoroughly clean. Some- 
 times this treatment alone will cure a very bad 
 case of fistulae. 
 
Farcy, and Its Treatment 
 
 This is a very common ailment and one that is 
 difficult to handle, unless taken as soon as it 
 appears. When it affects only a local place on 
 the body, it can be cured in a short time, but 
 v/hen allowed to run until it spreads over the 
 body it gets where it is incurable. When taken 
 in time the following" receipt will effect a cure. 
 
 Take of each Ki Iodide and Pot Bitart, two 
 ounces. Make into thirty-two powders and give 
 one in feed night and morning, if you see this 
 is doing the work, but not enough, you can 
 have it refilled. If the sores matter any, you 
 should wash them with one ounce Creolin in one 
 quart water. 
 
Warts, and How to Cure Them 
 
 Now in the first place let me say there are 
 two or three kinds of warts. Of these, the bleed- 
 ing is the worst to handle and the one most likely 
 to spread asj the blood from them coming in 
 contact with the surface of the skin, will be 
 affected and in a short time another small wart 
 will appear. I have met some men that would 
 remark, "Oh ! I can cure warts by tying them off." 
 Now sometimes this will work, and then again 
 it will fail. But this remedy will never fail if 
 the wart is on the body in a place that you can 
 tie close enough to get all of the wart. Tie it 
 tight with a cord and as soon as it falls off, use 
 the following on it until it has eaten it off down 
 under the skin. 
 
 Take of Plumbi Acitate two drams, corrosive 
 sublimate and red precipitate, each two ounces. 
 Powder and dust on the sore morning and evening 
 
54 Janes's Up-to-Date 
 
 and when it eats it off under the skin wash off 
 and dust some of Janes' Antiseptic Healing Pow- 
 der morning and evening until healed up. I have 
 never known this to fail where used according to 
 directions. 
 
Stocked or Swollen Legs 
 
 This is caused many times from sudden colds, 
 heats and then again by hard, long drives and too 
 long standing without exercise. In case this has 
 not become chronic, give the horse, in a bran 
 mash, two drams calomel, morning and evening. 
 Two doses are sufficient, then bateh legs in hot 
 water from the knee to the hoof as hot as the 
 animal will stand. Then wipe dry and bathe 
 thoroughly with the snow liniment and bandage 
 up for eight to ten hours. If this trouble is not 
 chronic, this will effect a cure in from one to 
 three applications. 
 
 The receipt for snow liniment is given later 
 on in this work. 
 
Stifle 
 
 Sometimes this will happen, that is, what 
 men term stifle. But some say there is no such 
 a thing as a horse being stifled. But let that 
 be as it mjay, whether it is a strain of the muscle 
 or the bone thrown out of joint, I will give you 
 a remedy here that will help you in case you 
 ever meet with this accident. Of course let me 
 say here, for my part, I believe the bone slips 
 just the same as a dislocated arm or shoulder in 
 man. As I have been called before now to sdt 
 a stifle, and on getting it to slip back it would 
 pop like a gun and I do not believe the muscles 
 alone would make this kind of a racket. In the 
 first place, lead your horse into a narrow stall 
 so he cannot turn around, then place a rope on 
 his hind foot, the one you wish to replace. Bring 
 the rope up through the manger and pull as hard 
 as you can and at the same time have some one 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 57 
 
 to stand by the horse's hip and press in on his 
 hip and as soon as it goes back, have a decoction 
 made from steeping white oak bark in the water. 
 Make this very strong, then bathe the hip 
 muscles and leave the horse with his foot tied 
 forward for eight to ten hours before you loosen 
 him. Then you should bathe his hip muscles 
 again. Keep him in a small place for a week or 
 ten days when you are safe to turn him out. 
 
Strains or Swollen Tendons 
 
 This is caused by unusual hard driving, run- 
 ning, jumping, pulling, slipping and can, as a 
 rule, be cured in a short time. But if on the other 
 hand, is let go, sometimes becomes chronic and 
 eventually renders the horse useless. As soon as 
 this is noticed, you should bathe the tendons with 
 hot water. Then dry and apply snow liniment or 
 Janes' Liniment for Man or Beast. Then bandage 
 for six to eight hours and repeat if need be. 
 
Bone Spavin 
 
 This is a bony enlargement just in front of 
 the hock joint on the inner side of the leg, 
 usually caused by a strain or bruise which causes 
 the ossification of the exudate, hence a bone en- 
 largement. The most satisfactory way to treat 
 them is firing and the profession think they have 
 done well when they have cured fifty per cent of 
 cases. I have heard of men that could cure ninety 
 per cent of them, but have never met one of 
 them yet. 
 
 There are remedies such as blisters used for 
 spavins, but I never advise them as they make 
 the animal worse in case they fail to cure. 
 
 Here is as good a blister as can be used on 
 a spavin. Take pulverized cantharides, corrosive 
 sublimate of each two drams, petrolatum two 
 ounces. Clip the hair off good and cover the 
 spavin with this salve and in two or three days 
 use some lard on it. In case this does not effect 
 a cure, repeat in six weeks. This is also as good 
 for ring bones as they are the same nature as 
 
60 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 spavins and about as hard to cure. As long as 
 I am this near the feet, I shall give you a few 
 words concerning their treatment and care. 
 
 Of course many people think when it comes 
 to having a horse's feet fixed up and properly 
 shod, that they are past masters in the art, when 
 in reality they belong in the A. B. C. class. In 
 the first place when you are having a horse shod, 
 never allow the shoer to dub off a great lot of the 
 hoof from above. Of course, if he is the right 
 kind of a workman he won't do this. If there 
 is a very large amount to come off the hoof, 
 it should always come off from the underneath 
 side and never allow too much taken off from the 
 frog, as this should always be a little longer than 
 the rest of the foot. Nature put the frog there 
 to protect the foot from hard jars on rough, 
 solid roads and if it is pared off too much, it can 
 not fulfill its mission, and then always see that 
 the shoe fits nice and neat on the hoof, as I 
 have seen numbers of horses' feet spoiled by poor 
 shoeing. And, on the other hand, if the farrier is 
 onto his job, he can be a big help in relieving 
 many troubles of the feet the horse is heir to. 
 
Grease Heel 
 
 In many cases, swollen legs, although separate 
 and distinct from grease heel, many times ter- 
 minate in inflammation of the skin of the heel 
 and rarely ever comes on the front legs, due I 
 believe to the hind feet being in more filth than 
 the forelegs. This trouble seems to affect mares 
 more often than horses. Hence, this is also proof 
 of the theory that filth causes grease heel. The 
 skin of the heel has a greasy feeling to the 
 touch in its natural state, but when this disease 
 appears, this condition changes and the skin be- 
 comes dry and swollen and is on examination, 
 very red and feverish. If this has been dis- 
 covered before the heel has cracked open and a 
 pus formation set up, it can be treated by bathing 
 with a bucket of good warm water to which about 
 two ounces of creolin has been added. Bathe 
 thoroughly and wipe dry, then dust on freely 
 Janes Antiseptic Healing Powder and repeat every 
 
62 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 day, once at least; twice would be better. In 
 case the heel has become badly cracked and pus 
 has formed, then clean thoroughly and poultice 
 with flax seed meal made into a mush with 
 warm water and leave on eight to ten hours. 
 This may have to be repeated. Which, of course, 
 depends on the extent of the pus and each and 
 every case, of course, will have to be treated as 
 the owner thinks best. By one, two or three 
 applications of poultices, then follow up with the 
 first treatment mentioned by cleaning daily and 
 dusting with powder and in a short time this 
 disease will disappear. 
 
Thrush 
 
 Next to grease heel, comes this disease called 
 thrush, which also affects the feet and is caused 
 many times by filth. Sometimes by a bruise. 
 This is a very disagreeable discharge of matter 
 from the cleft of the frog. This is very easily 
 detected. If you are in doubt, just take your 
 knife and open up a little and there will be a 
 discharge of offensive matter. Treatment: In 
 the first place, you should clean the foot as 1 
 have described for cleaning for grease heel. Then 
 take a piece of cotton and saturate it with equal 
 parts oil tar vaseline and turpentine and push 
 into the cleft far enough to keep out all dirt and 
 filth. This should be repeated once daily for two 
 or three days, then once every other day until 
 healed, which will not take long, if this treatment 
 is strictly adhered to. 
 
Dermatosis 
 or Diseases of the Skin 
 
 There are many types of this trouble, such as 
 eczema, surfeit, parasitic eczema and a number 
 of others. But as I shall give a treatment that 
 will work on all these different skin diseases, I 
 shall proceed to treat this trouble as one ailment. 
 While they vary in technical terms, they more or 
 less, all exudate and what will help one will help 
 the other. 
 
 I have found this to be a very annoying propo- 
 sition to the veterinary, as well as to the farmer, 
 I think due more to the difficult task of treating 
 them, than to the seriousness of the malady. In 
 the last few years I have become so accustomed 
 to the farmers asking about this disease, espe- 
 cially in new towns where I give my lectures, that 
 I am really disappointed if some one does not 
 come up and say, "Doctor, I have a horse that has 
 the itch, can you cure him?" 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 65 
 
 Now in the first place, let me say, the most of 
 these cases are curable. Why not ? They are on 
 the human and family and no harder on the horse, 
 if the same amount of labor and care is taken 
 accordingly, but I have learned long ago that 
 just using a little wash of some kind on the out- 
 side will never cure this trouble. Since it is a 
 disease or a germ that affects the epidermis, 
 medicine used on the outside will never reach the 
 cause. And by years of experimenting I have 
 found a reasonably sure cure which I will give. 
 Take Ki Iodide and pot. tartrate of each two 
 ounces. Have made into thirty-two powders and 
 give one in the feed once daily and forty tablets 
 I. Q. & S. and twenty grains sulphate arsenic 
 and have made into sixteen powders and give one 
 in the feed once daily at the same time you are 
 giving the other powders. Give one of the first 
 mentioned in the feed in the morning and one of 
 the others in the evening and about the tenth 
 day hitch the horse and drive him until he sweats 
 freely and he will sweat some of this arsenic out 
 through the pores of the skin, which will reach 
 and kill the germ that causes the disease. Of 
 
66 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 course, it is necessary to wash the horse with 
 a good strong solution of creolin and curry and 
 clean him after you sweat him. You may have 
 to sweat him two or three times in order to com- 
 plete a cure. 
 
 Of course, the second one of these troubles is 
 not to be treated by the treatment I have given 
 here. It is the only one in the group of skin 
 diseases that do not need to be given this treat- 
 ment, as its causes differ in some particulars 
 from that of all the balance, in that it breaks out 
 in large massive sores all over the back and hips 
 and sometimes nearly covers the entire body. 
 This is as a rule due to rich food or to high living. 
 Hence, the first thing that should be done is to 
 take the grain away from the animal and also not 
 give as much hay, neither as rich a grade of hay, 
 and then the animal should have plenty of exer- 
 cise, and the sores on the body should be cleansed 
 with warm water to which plenty of creolin has 
 been added, then thoroughly dusted with Janes 
 Antiseptic Healing Powder. This treatment will 
 soon bring out the worst case of surfeit. This 
 being the second disease referred to above. 
 
Gravel in the Foot 
 
 This is a very common accident, if accident 
 it may be called. As the horse gets a small gravel 
 in the edge of the hoof at a seam or in some 
 crevice and it gradually works on in if it is not 
 discovered in time and removed. In case your 
 horse goes lame without an apparent cause, be 
 sure and examine his feet well. Clean them and 
 if you do not discover anything in the foot, then 
 wash out perfectly clean with warm water and 
 dig out whereever you find the least particle of 
 grit or dirt and in case you do not find anything, 
 and if he continues to go lame, watch hhn close 
 and you may find in the course of a week or so a 
 place at the top of the hoof getting soft or 
 swollen, then you should bathe his foot twice a 
 day in warm water, which will have a tendency to 
 expedite suppuration and as soon as it begins to 
 
68 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 look yellow, you should lance it. Do not wait 
 for it to break as this will let the matter burrov? 
 down into the foot all the worse and take much 
 longer to effect a cure. 
 
 Some of the cases take three or four months 
 tc cure them, even at best. In many cases this 
 will cause a contracted hoof and leave the horse 
 permanently blemished. In case the hoof is 
 noticed to be forming a ridge on the rim or in 
 the center, you should have the hoof placed in 
 hot oil for at least thirty minutes each day, and 
 keep the rough ridge rasped down smooth. This 
 hot oil application will only be necessary for two 
 or three days. Then twice a week for some 
 time. In some cases, this has to be kept up 
 occasionally until the animal has grown a new 
 hoof. While this seems like a very difficult task, 
 yet if you have a good animal, it will pay you 
 good interest on your labor, for a three legged 
 horse is a poor seller. 
 
Choke, and How Handled 
 
 Greedy horses are as a rule the ones that 
 get choked, and while this, like a great many 
 other complaints, is counted very easy to handle, 
 but many times I have been called on to unchoke 
 a horse that had been suffering for two or three 
 days. Of course if you are going to wait this 
 long, you might just as well not send for a veter- 
 inary, at all, as he has no show after the horse 
 has been choked this long and even if the veterin- 
 ary gets him unchoked, he is apt to die from 
 inflammation of the esophagus. 
 
 So many people want to ram a buggy whip 
 or some other kind of an instrument down his 
 throat. The first thing, and to those who make 
 this a practice, let me say this is not only danger- 
 ous, but cruel and not one time in fifty does it do 
 any good, and you should never allow this to be 
 done. I will give you a simple remedy and one 
 that will work four times out of five. Take your 
 
70 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 horse in the barn and pull his head up and pour 
 about a pint of raw oil down him and leave his 
 head up for at least ten minutes, working his 
 neck where the choke is all the time with your 
 hands. This will have a tendency to work the oil 
 into the oats. Now strap one foot up and get 
 behind him with a whip and make him take 
 three or four good jumps and he will cough some 
 of the choke up and sometimes dislodge all of 
 it the first time. You may in right severe chokes 
 have to repeat this operation. In case you 
 haven't the oil, use lard melted thin enough to 
 pour. In case you haven't either oil or lard, use 
 water. 
 
The Incurable Diseases 
 
 In this chapter, I shall give a short description 
 of a number of incurable and partially incurable 
 diseases the horse family is heir to. 
 
 The first of these I shall discuss is glanders. 
 This is a condition of the blood caused many times 
 by filth and other times comes from long stand- 
 ing cases, of farcy, nasal gleet and, in fact, this 
 trouble invariably comes from these blood dis- 
 orders. But in any event, this is incurable and 
 anyone that is misfortunate enough to have a 
 case of this disease should never waste any time 
 or money in having it treated, as it always has 
 been regarded as an incurable disease and is not 
 easily detected by the average man and on some 
 occasions, I have known the veterinary profession 
 to disagree on certain cases as to it being glan- 
 ders. It is not hard to detect as the horse has a 
 bad odorous discharge from the nasal passage 
 
72 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 and as a rule in the nose there will appear smalj 
 scabs and the hair looks bad and on careful ex- 
 amination, you will observe spots over the body 
 showing up under the hair. These symptoms are 
 o± an advanced stage. My advice is always in 
 case you have something that resembles this 
 trouble to consult a veterinary and have them 
 to make the test and if it is glanders, have the 
 animal destroyed. One test is the discharge from 
 the head will sink, if the case be glanders, and if 
 not, it is distemper. But I find that can not 
 always be relied upon, as I have known many 
 cases of distemper that the discharge would sink 
 as soon as it would hit the water. This is why 
 I advise calling a veterinary to examine the ani- 
 mal. 
 
Poll Evil 
 Its Cause and Treatment 
 
 This disease is the same a;s fistulae, only 
 that it is located in a different place, being on the 
 poll bone. The same cause that produces fistuiae, 
 will produce this ailment. But owing to the fact 
 that it is located in the place it is, makes it very 
 difficult to treat, and while I have been very 
 positive I could cure any case of fistulae, I have 
 been very unsuccessful in the treatment of Poll 
 Evil, not curing even ten per cent of the cases 
 I treated. This result caused me to refuse to 
 treat poll evil for many years past. I have often 
 heard of men that could cure this trouble every 
 time and I am frank to admit that in all my years 
 of experience, I have failed to find a single 
 veterinary surgeon or anyone else that could 
 make a cure in all cases or even a majority of 
 
74 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 cases. There may be men that can do this, but 
 I have him to meet as yet, but we are still living 
 in hopes that our bacteriologists will eventually 
 perfect a serum that will effect a cure on both 
 fistulae and poll evil. As they now have a serum 
 that is beyond a question of doubt a wonderful 
 help in this line, I am of the opinion the day is 
 not far away when a remedy along this line will 
 be perfected. 
 
Hooks in the Eye 
 
 This trouble is usually caused by some foreign 
 substance getting in the eye and sets up inflam- 
 mation and as a general rule, when the swelling 
 has disappeared it has left the hau of the eye a 
 little thick and quite often this will increase and 
 extend out over the eye ball until it becomes very 
 unsightly and has developed into a small fleshy 
 tumor. These can be removed only in one way 
 and that is with a knife, and when you have this 
 done, you should be sure your man is a surgeon, 
 as I have seen many horses that had been oper- 
 ated on for this trouble and the operator had 
 removed the hau of the eye entirely and in reality 
 this leaves the horse in a worse condition than 
 before. 
 
Chronic Pink Eye 
 
 I maintain this can not be cured after your 
 horse has had this affliction for a long time. 
 You have a hopeless case. Where the eyes are 
 badly affected and become white and are in this 
 condition for a long time, you had as well save 
 your money as your horse will never be relieved. 
 
Moon Eye 
 
 This is also another hopeless proposition. Of 
 course, this is different from the last named ail- 
 ment of the eye, in that, this disease is a periodi- 
 cal one. At times the eyes are all right and 
 then all at once they begin to look milky. If this 
 condition is only in one eye, there is some hopes 
 of it affecting only the one. But I have seen 
 cases where they have lost one eye and in course 
 of a year or two the other one would go. There 
 is practically no treatment for this disease. 
 
Bone Spavin 
 
 This is a small bony growth on the inside of 
 the hind leg pretty well in front. This is caused 
 by a strain, bruise, kick or numerous other causes. 
 At first you will notice the animal go lame and 
 on driving a short distance he will cease to go 
 lame and after he has stood a little while he will 
 go lame as before. In the course of a few weeks, 
 you will notice a lump coming on his leg. This 
 is when the ossification of the exudate takes 
 place. 
 
 Treatment: Many of the veterinary profes- 
 sion iise blisters and liniments, but I have found 
 this to be very poor policy, for this reason : if you 
 fail to kill the growth, you have made it harder 
 to kill. I have found that the firing iron is the 
 best remedy for bone spavins and with this treat- 
 ment you are lucky if you effect a cure in sixty 
 per cent of cases. Some maintain they have aver- 
 aged a cure on four out of five cases, but I 
 never have had that good luck as yet. 
 
Bog Spavin 
 
 This is different from bone spavin in that it 
 is soft and comes in the hock joint and is much 
 harder to treat the same as blood spavin or oc- 
 cult spavin. These are very much the same and 
 I have my first man to meet yet that can cure any 
 of these with any degree of success. 
 
Chronic Flounder 
 
 This can be helped, but "never" cured. Keep 
 this in mind. If I had so desired in my life, I 
 could have grafted the farmer more on this line 
 than any other, as I have certainly come in con- 
 tact with numerous horses that had been found- 
 ered for a long time and many of them fine horses, 
 but for the condition of their feet. I could have 
 got anywhere from ten to fifty dollars a horse, 
 if I had only told the farmer I could cure them, 
 but as I have gone over very much the same ter- 
 ritory for the last fifteen years, I could not afford 
 to do this. In case of a bad founder, you should 
 have it cared for immediately and prevent it be- 
 coming chronic or incurable. 
 
Chronic Contracted Feet 
 
 This, like chronic founder, can be helped, but 
 not cured. The best remedy is to use the hoof 
 oil which you will find receipt for, later on in 
 this book. 
 
Navicular Joint Lameness 
 
 When you have the misfortune to get one of 
 these cases, you can bank on having it always as 
 far as getting it cured is concerned. As this is 
 down in the hoof and in a location where it can- 
 not be successfully treated. This is also called 
 coffin joint lameness. 
 
Corns in the Feet 
 
 This is a very troublesome ailment and not 
 uncommon either, and while many quacks claim 
 they can cure corns, I must admit again that I 
 am from Missouri and I have always maintained 
 that once a corn is thoroughly set in the foot, it 
 is always there and in support of my contention, 
 will quote the words from the pen of Dr. C. A. 
 Mathew writing to the A. J. V. M. April, 1912. 
 Among city horses the first and most important 
 cause of lameness is corns. And corns once pres- 
 ent, can never be eliminated entirely. If the 
 cause of the corn recurs the corn will soon re- 
 appear. A corn is the result of pressure on the 
 sensitive lamnina, sufficient to bruise it. Corns 
 are most prevalent on low, weak heels; good 
 strong, high and upright feet are seldom affected. 
 
 The nearer the shape of a horse's foot at the 
 heels approaches that of a mule's foot, the less 
 
84 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 trouble he has from corns. I have yet to see my 
 first mule with a corn and I treat hundreds of 
 iliem each year. 
 
 For the relief of corns: (I do not say sure, as 
 I think that impossible) remove the shoe. Pare 
 down the weak quarter, bar and all until it gets 
 thin enough to yield to pressure. This will meet 
 with some criticism, as I have known some vet- 
 erinarians that would not cut the bar of a foot 
 for the price of the horse. But experience is the 
 best teacher and perhaps the ones that condemn 
 paring the bar, do so not from experience, but 
 from theory. 
 
 With both bars cut out (I mean try to keep 
 the quarter and bar cut down as closely as possi- 
 ble — mark you, not the wall, but the portion be- 
 tween the wall and frog and in so doing preserve 
 all the wall possible) and with the shoe applied, 
 I am going to demonstrate. The feet will expand 
 so much that, if the shoe will expand the feet 
 and the sole of the foot is removed at the quarter 
 and bars, the pressure will be removed and thus 
 give relief. So much for that, to apply the bar 
 shoes, first level up the foot preserving as much 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 85 
 
 of the wall at the quarter as possible. Then make 
 a shoe with a bar that extends almost to the 
 point of the frog. Make it with the bearing sur- 
 face of the bar and rim of the shoe level. About 
 one-third the way enterior from the point of the 
 heel or where the quarter and the wall unite, cut 
 a notch in the bottom of the wall and rasp away 
 enough of the wall posterior so that the wall wont 
 touch the shoe when applied. See that there is 
 lots of pressure on the frog. Put three nails 
 in the weak side, leaving the rear one out and he 
 is ready to go for a month. If both quarters 
 have corns, prepare both the same as described 
 and put all the pressure of the heels of the frog. 
 
 These shoes can be made plain, or calked low 
 for summer or rough for winter. I use leather 
 under them in winter to prevent falling. Put the 
 heel calks on parallel with the foot. Never at 
 right angles, for flat or convex feet make a bar 
 as described. Bevel out inside web of the shoe 
 and make it extend as far as possible so it will 
 act as a protection to the weak sole, and above 
 all, never let the shoe touch the sole. 
 
86 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Make the bearing of the wall level and apply 
 it so that at least one-half of the weight of the 
 quarters is on the frog. Remember every three, 
 four or five weeks as the case demands. The 
 proof of this is, I have dozens of horses that work 
 every day with this shoe and appliance and go 
 sound. They have been wearing them from two 
 to seven years and couldn't go two days on an 
 open shoe without going dead lame. 
 
 "Mr. Horseman, listen to what Dr. Greiner 
 says about shoeing and be sure your horse is 
 properly shod." 
 
Prevention and Treatment of 
 Corns 
 
 There are three kinds of corns which the vet- 
 erinarian has to contend, and the one in appear- 
 ance least significant is usually the most trouble- 
 some to the young practitioner, that is, the dry 
 corn or the one that simply shows an echymosis 
 or red spot. There are, according to Dr. Zindle, 
 three kinds of corns, viz., the dry, which is a 
 simple redness in the angle of the bar and outer 
 wall and which in my opinion is the most puzzling 
 in so far as diagnosis of the lameness it occa- 
 sions, since the lameness in most cases is not rec- 
 ognized as being due to the redness or dry corn 
 and is looked for in some other part of the limb. 
 The moist corn is more easily recognized and 
 usually receives proper attention. The suppura- 
 ting corn is also recognized and proper treatment 
 and rest given to the animal. 
 
 The predisposing causes of corns may be di- 
 vided into the following six classes: Conditions 
 
88 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 of the foot, kind of work, immaturity of the tis- 
 sues, condition of the roads, heredity, faulty shoe- 
 ing. 
 
 The five first are contributary only, but the 
 sixth, in my opinion, is the only real cause. Has 
 any one ever seen a corn in an unshod horse? 
 or one that had never been shot? Then, again, 
 the defination of a corn as given by Dr. W. Wil- 
 liams is sufficient to remove all doubt as to the 
 real cause of a true corn. As veterinarians we 
 do not deny that bruising of the frog and sole 
 of the unshod as well as the shod horse may, 
 occur, but I for one do affirm that true corns 
 can only be produced by the farrier and his im- 
 proper shoeing. Therefore, the shoer should be 
 educated in the anatomy of the horse's foot and 
 also instructed in the application and the making 
 of the shoe. 
 
 The Ignorant horse shoer is quite a contribu- 
 tor financially to the veterinary profession, as 
 his poor work causes ALL of the corns that the 
 veterinarian gets to treat as so-called gravel. 
 Corns are not known by that name by the horse 
 shoer, but if suppuration has taken place, gravel 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 89 
 
 is the name given it by the smith and for some 
 reason better known to themselves nine out of 
 ten attending veterinarians confirm this diagno- 
 sis and in that way the shoer is left blameless, 
 and he goes on in the same old rut. As to so- 
 called gravel, from what does it take its name? 
 The writer has been in practice for over fdrty 
 years and for nine years at practice work in a 
 shoeing shop, yet has never seen a case of gravel, 
 but I have seen thousands of true corns caused by 
 improper shoeing and no doubt in my earlier 
 years, I contributed my share as a manufacturer 
 of corns and in my ignorance I was proud to be 
 recognized as a practical horseshoer. 
 
 The average horseshoer is egotistic and no 
 man living can teach him anything about his 
 craft, especially if he has been shoeing horses 
 for eight or ten years. Don't try to teach the 
 horseshoer in anything pertaining to his chosen 
 and studied art. The same may be said of those 
 in the veterinary profession, but as a rule the vet- 
 erinarian is farther advanced in education and 
 science and this spurs him to the acquisition of 
 
90 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 more knowledge and to keep abreast of his pro- 
 fessional brothers. 
 
 The art of scientific horseshoeing is some- 
 thing that is greatly neglected in the majority 
 of veterinary colleges, and the average veterinary 
 student enters on his professional career insuffi- 
 ciently equipped to face the task of his profession 
 career as far as qualification is concerned for 
 diagnosing and correcting faulty gaits, certain 
 kinds of lameness and deformities of the hoof. 
 Such veterinarians are at a disadvantage, and in- 
 stead of going to the shoer and explaining to him 
 what to do for his patient and how to do it, he 
 must accept the theory advanced by the shoer 
 and admit his ignorance of the art instead of 
 showing the superiority of his knowledge over 
 that of the common horseshoer. Who gets the 
 credit if the animal gets well? The horseshoer. 
 Who gets the balme if he fails? The veterinar- 
 ian. 
 
 This article v/as inspired by seeing a request 
 in the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERIN- 
 ARY MEDICINE for December, page 870, for a 
 satisfactory formula for the treatment of corns 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 91 
 
 in horses. The only correct and scientific form- 
 ula for the treatment and the prevention of corns 
 in horses that I have ever been able to figure out 
 is as follows: 
 
 Correct paring: of the foot, and the qualifica- 
 tion of the proper kind of shoes to remove the 
 cause of the injury. If suppuration has taken 
 place evacuate the pus and treat the wound as 
 you would any other wound but always remember 
 that the sole of the foot comes in contact with 
 the ground and must be protected from infection. 
 If it is a simple dry corn remove the shoe, pare 
 the sole of the white line, place foot in soft moist 
 poultice for a few days; use a proper shoe that 
 will take off all the pressure over the region of 
 the injury. I have owned and driven horses all 
 my life and for the last thirty years in the city 
 of Indianapolis, which is supplied with plenty 
 of hard streets, and in all that time I have only 
 experienced one case of corns in one of my horses, 
 and this one contracted his corn during a two- 
 month's vacation qf mine. This same horse was 
 driven by me for twenty-one years. I am driv- 
 ing at present a mare that was fifteen years old 
 
92 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 on the 22nd of February. I have driven her since 
 she was two years old — she is and always has 
 been free from corns or any other blemish and 
 always will be as long as I can see to her shoe- 
 ing. — S. A. Greiner, Prof, of Shoeing and Lame- 
 ness, Terre Haute Vet. College, Terre Haute, In- 
 diana. 
 
Heaves 
 
 Up to the present day, there has been no 
 cure discovered for this disease. That is, no per- 
 manent cure that I have ever found. There is 
 medicine that will relieve this trouble for a while, 
 in fact "shut them down" as it is commonly cal- 
 led, among dinkey horse traders, but this trick- 
 ery is not countenanced by the honest veterinary. 
 
 This disease is not as prevalent in the west, 
 as it is in the east where they feed more alfalfa 
 and clover. This dry rough feed usually being 
 the starter for heaves, as a greedy horse will 
 not take the time he should in masticating his 
 food and naturally this coarse food scratches the 
 throat and causes small ulcers on the esophgus, 
 and in due course of time, these become chronic 
 and naturally cause the horse to cough. Many 
 people have believed this to be an affection of 
 the lungs, but this is a mistake. For further 
 proof on this, see article later on in this book en- 
 titled "Heaves: Reason why it is not in the 
 lungs." The best way to relieve this is to feed 
 soft feed or turn them on green pasture. 
 
The Serum Treatment of Poll 
 Evil and Fistulous Withers 
 
 Before I get entirely away from this subject, 
 I want to say a few words more about the cura- 
 tive qualities of serum. In the treatment of this 
 affection, as I have said in a previous article, 
 poll evil as well as, fistulae, is being treated to- 
 day very much different than it was ten years ago, 
 but as yet no certain cure along this line has been 
 produced. But I maintain that up to date veteri- 
 naries will incorporate this new method into his 
 system of treatment in case of poll-evil and fis- 
 tulae. I will now quote an article of P. D. & Co., 
 in vererinary notes by S. W. Seibert from the A. 
 V. Review. 
 
 This method may not be new to most veteri- 
 narians, but is new to me. I had never heard 
 of nuclein being used in fistulae or poll-evil when 
 I began using it. 
 
 Case No. 1. An 1,100 pound three year old 
 black horse was brought to me Nov. 12, 1909, 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 95 
 
 with a history that for three weeks he had car- 
 ried his head to one side and seemed listless and 
 dull. Then the owner noticed a lump between 
 the ears and brought him to me. I took the 
 horse under my care, opened the abcess, gave 
 good drainage, and treated him under old lines 
 of treatment. Not succeeding at once, I used 
 first one thing and then another until I had em- 
 ployed every thing I had ever heard of from A 
 to Z, but the longer I treated him the worse he 
 became. I suppose I am not unlike most veter- 
 inaries in that when other resources fail, I am 
 willing to try any old thing. So I continued un- 
 til Dec. 17 when I thought the best dose would 
 op a fibroid tissue which is quite troublesome 
 be one of lead, but the thought struck me to try 
 nuclein, which I did by way of experiment. I 
 gave my patient ten Cc. of Nuclein solution in 
 ten Cc. of saline solution every day, and to my 
 surprise, on the sixth or seventh day, I saw im- 
 provement. I kept up the same treatment until 
 January 19, 1910, skipping only four days in this 
 time, and therefore, giving in all fifteen doses. 
 
96 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 The horse went home all healed up and has 
 remained so to the present time. I kept the 
 wound well drained and dressed it daily with hy- 
 drogen peroxide. 
 
 Case No. 2. A gray horse that was brought 
 to me on November 22, 1909, with the follow- 
 ing history. He had been bought out of a car- 
 load of western horses, which were sold at Shel- 
 by, Ohio, in June 1909. The owners said the 
 horse had a small lump on the poll when pur- 
 chased. This lump was there until one month 
 before he brought him to me, when it had opened. 
 I operated on this case and secured good drain- 
 age on November 23, 1909. I guess I used all 
 the medicines in the materia medica, (and then 
 some) in this case, but nothing seemed to do it 
 any good. Oh December 17, 1909, I begun to 
 use nuclein as in Case No. 1, giving in all sixteen 
 doses. 
 
 The horse went home January 5, 1910 all 
 healed up, and was later sold for $225.00 
 
 Case No. 3. A gray six year old thirteen 
 hundred pound mare was brought to me on May 
 23, 1910, with a well developed case of fistulae. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 97 
 
 I gave it good drainage. You can see by the dates 
 there was nearly one year's difference in these 
 cases. In this year bacterins had come to hfe, 
 so I decided to try this treatment here. I gave 
 five doses of bacterins four days apart with no 
 results whatever. I then began the nuclein as 
 before and noted improvements in six or seven 
 days. She was sent home June 15, 1910 nearly 
 healed up and is at present working every day. 
 (October 21, 1910.) 
 
 Case No. 4. On July 22, 1910, I was called 
 CO see a case of fistulae near Tiro, Ohio. This 
 was a very grave case; for some reason there 
 had already developed a septicema of the withers. 
 I told the owner that the outcome was doubtful. 
 On tapping the swelling, I found only a small 
 amount of puss, but much foul-smelling sour 
 gas. I had the horse brought to my hospital and 
 gave the abcess a perfect drainage. Two of the 
 spinous processes were diseased. They were re- 
 moved by means of bone saws. I pushed the 
 bacterins every five days for a month with no 
 improvement. I then discarded the bacterin 
 treatment and begun to give the nuclein every 
 
98 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 day, and no September 10, 1910, the horse went 
 home, doing well but not entirely healed up. 
 With local treatment he continued to do well and 
 is at present, (October 27, 1910) all healea up. 
 
 I have been using a five per cent nuclein so- 
 lution and make my own saline solution from 
 tablets prepared for the purpose,, using one tab- 
 let to four ounces of boiled water. I report these 
 four cases because I exhausted all other means 
 of treatment I knew without success. I have 
 used nuclein on other cases, but the four men- 
 tioned were the worst ones. 
 
 The use of Nuclein in poll-evil and fistulae 
 has convinced me that it is a good treatment for 
 these conditions. I warm my solution 20 Cq. hy- 
 podermatic syringe to body temperature to pre- 
 vent shock. 
 
 Another treatment of fistulous withers: 
 
 A fistula of the withers may result from many 
 and various causes, important among which are 
 heavy contusions and collar injuries with conse- 
 quent introduction into the tissues of infective 
 materia,. Several cases occuring upon the same 
 farm or at or near the same time, are usually 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 99 
 
 found to be the result of a common cause. In 
 order to protect those not effected and to con- 
 vince the owners of animals so affected that the 
 malady is not communicable by association or con- 
 tact, it becomes necessary to find the cause and 
 remove it. 
 
 Within a few days after the occurance of such 
 an injury there is a marked swelling which usu- 
 ally causes the subject pain when palpated. The 
 nature of the causative agent and the duration 
 of the disease are responsible for a wide vera- 
 tion in the pathological conditions found in these 
 cases, hence symptoms differ quite materially. 
 Necrosis of bone to any damaging extent is quite 
 rare except in cases of long standing or where 
 practitioners pack the fistula tracts with corro- 
 sive agents. (I consider the use of corrosive 
 agents in any case of fistulous withers harmful.) 
 
 Fifty to sixty per cent of all cases of fistulous 
 will permanently cease suppurating in from one 
 to three years when unmolested. Having ob- 
 served this, some veterinarians are unscrupulous 
 enough to treat ( ?) cases for two or three years, 
 seeing them as seldom as possible, doing as little 
 
100 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 as possible, and eventually collecting a fee as 
 though skilled service has been rendered. 
 
 Complete recovery in fistulous withers con- 
 sists in regeneration of all tissues destroyed, with 
 union of the skin so perfect that it is necessary 
 to part the hair to find a cicatrix. Of course 
 this is only possible in favorable cases which are 
 treated early, and in which recovery is prompt. 
 
 Half the battle in the successful treatment of 
 these cases consists in early establishing surgi- 
 cally, good drainage. 
 
 Before operating, the subject should be given 
 an anodyne in a quantity sufficient to perceptibly 
 dull sensibility. The patient is now ready to be 
 confined and I prefer the stanchion with subject 
 retained in the standing position. All hair should 
 be shaved or clipped from the field of operation, 
 and since the majority of cases require drainage 
 anterior to the scapulae, the field is quite large. 
 
 When all is in readiness an exploratory in- 
 cision is made at or near the median lian and 
 counter openings are made where necessary. Skin 
 incisions are never made longer than three inches, 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 101 
 
 as unsightly scars are not easily avoided when 
 this precaution is disregarded. 
 
 All tissues between the exploratory incision 
 and counter openings are divided subcutaneously. 
 Fibrous tissue is removed with heavy dissecting 
 shears made for the purpose. 
 
 When much hemorrhage results, if it is im- 
 possible to ligate vessels, the entire cavity is 
 packed with gauze. The gauze is removed in 
 from three to twelve hours and no more trouble 
 comes from this source. 
 
 The most important consideration in connec- 
 tion with the after care is to prevent the subject 
 from rubbing or otherwise bruising or irritating 
 the parts and to avoid frequent irrigations. 
 
 If drainage is perfect frequent irrigation is 
 unnecessary, after blood clots are removed, and 
 often gently swabbing the wound with dry ab- 
 sorbent cotton is all that is necessary. The fre- 
 quent introduction into the wound of strong anti- 
 septic solution certainly retards the reconstruc- 
 tive process. 
 
 Very little suppuration should follow the oper- 
 ation and the presence of much pus discharging 
 
102 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 from any opening is proof positive that drainage 
 was not properly provided for or that it since has 
 been obstructed. Some cases are prone to devel- 
 and needs to be frequently removed that drainage 
 may not be hindered. 
 
 During the later stages of healing it is neces- 
 sary to separate the margins of the skin from 
 underlying tissues, surrounding all incisions to 
 prevent puckering and subsequent blemishes. 
 
 The careful use of bacterins in these cases is 
 of great value in that it materially shortens the 
 course of all cases treated. A. J. V. M. 
 
Contagious Abortion in Mares 
 
 This is a subject that should be better under- 
 stood by the horseman of today, as some seem 
 to think there is no such thing as contagious or 
 infectious abortion. I shall try in this article 
 to convince such a one that there is not only 
 a condition of this kind but elsewhere as well. 
 Last fall when the horse plague was in the coun- 
 try, I was called upon every day to prescribe 
 some good blood medicine and one party that was 
 feeding this to his horses had a mare to lose her 
 colt and in about a week, the second one aborted. 
 The result was I got the blame as he was satis- 
 fied something in this blood medicine had caused 
 the trouble, when the fact of the case is this. 
 They had a plain case of infectious abortion as 
 the third one followed in a few days. This same 
 trouble is prevalent among cows and is more 
 common than in mares. 
 
 I could write many pages on my experience 
 
104 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 with this disease, causes and treatment and so on, 
 but will not burden my reader with it as I want 
 to give you a Canada verterinary's experience 
 with this trouble up there. Following are some 
 cf his remarks and you will observe he thinks it 
 a hard proposition. 
 
 "The cause of infectious or contagious abor- 
 tion in mares as far as I know has not been 
 determined, although its course and contagion 
 indicates an infection of bacterial origin, and, 
 strangely enough, it seems to me that this organ- 
 ism is ingested with certain feeds, and must reach 
 the blood through the alimentary tract. Espe- 
 cially is this apparently true in this district where 
 it is very prevalent and highly contagious. 
 
 It has been my experience during the last 
 three years in certain districts to give profes- 
 sional advice in regard to this, one of the most 
 dreaded diseases with which breeders have to 
 contend. I have noticed that contagious abortion 
 is more prevalent in certain districts where they 
 let their brood mares run to straw stacks and 
 where they feed green oats and wheat sheaves. 
 On the other hand I have seen outbreaks of this 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 105 
 
 disease where the mares have never been fed 
 on any sheaf grain, hay or straw, but were run 
 in large pastures or on the range. 
 
 Outbreaks of infectious abortion are most 
 common during February, March and April, but 
 I have known affected mares to carry their foals 
 to full time, and have great difficulty at time of 
 parturition to expel the fetus. The foal if alive 
 seems dull, stupid, very weak and dies in a few 
 hours, the mare in nearly every case retains the 
 placenta, which is very hard to remove, and there 
 is a very nasty vaginal discharge with a fetid 
 odor. After the placenta is removed the uterus 
 is found to be congested, hot and tender; the 
 uterine ligaments tense and swollen ; flushing the 
 uterus with a weak antiseptic solution of creolin 
 or carbolic acid causes intense pain. The mare 
 will at once throw herself at full length, strain 
 and seem to be unable to expel injection. It has 
 been my experience on returning next day to find 
 the patience tucked up, very stiff, pulse hard and 
 full, temperature 103.5 F., and on examination 
 of uterus to find she had not expelled the injec- 
 tion given the day before. On dilating the os the 
 
106 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 mare will strain but seems unable to expel the 
 contents of the uterus which is very fetid; this 
 I remove with a sponge, I then sponge the uterus 
 with clean solution of creolin or carbolic acid with 
 one to two ounces of tincture of opium. Cases 
 that I have treated this v/ay have made good 
 recoveries in from four to ten days. Cases where 
 the placenta has been retained and removed with- 
 out washing out the uterus have died in a few 
 days from septic infection, or if they recover they 
 will be thin and weak for months, though running 
 at large on good pasture and being given grain in 
 addition. 
 
 Mares which abort early, from infectious 
 abortion, say in February, have very little trouble 
 or inconvenience. The fetus in every case that I 
 have ever examined and that constitutes quite 
 a large number seems to be emphysemic and de- 
 pigmented. Such fefuses often contain deposits 
 like lumps of clotted blood, dark, greyish brown 
 in color of a semi-solid consistency and one-fourth 
 to one-half inch in diameter. 
 
 Mares that carry their foals to within thirty 
 to twenty days of the normal time of parturition 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 107 
 
 are the ones that cause the most trouble ; although 
 the presentation is normal these mares are unable 
 to expel the fetus and will often wander around 
 for some days eating and drinking and seemingly 
 in no pain, but they eventually die from septic 
 infection. I have been called to assist in quite a 
 number of these cases and have had great diffi- 
 culty in removing the fetus, owing to its dis- 
 tension with gas. These fetuses are ballooned 
 until they are perfectly round and nearly filled 
 with a very offensive fluid. 
 
 A post-mortem eaxmination of the full-time 
 foals reveals the following condition: 
 
 Umbilical cord very thick and edematus; ab- 
 dominal cavity contains a dirty offensive greyish 
 fluid ; liver yellowish brown, very soft and flabby ; 
 spleen very much swollen and emphysemic, yel- 
 lowish grey ; thoracic cavity contains a dirty grey- 
 ish red fluid, between the pericardium and the 
 heart there is a thick gelatinous, tarry fluid, but 
 when exposed to air and light it shows a greyish 
 tinge ; heart enlarged, easily torn and very dark, 
 and on section greyish black. 
 
108 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Treatment of this disease has been a failure 
 with me. I have tried antiseptics, both internally 
 and externally, feeding carbolic acid in feed and 
 subcutaneously without success. The best treat- 
 ment that I have tried has been to isolate the 
 pregnant mare to some pasture entirely separated 
 from the ones that they have been running on. 
 I have always recommended a change of feed in 
 cases where mares have been running as large, 
 especially to straw stacks where they gorge them 
 selves. This I consider one of the predisposing 
 causes of this disease in this section of the prov- 
 inve. Lots of this straw has become wet and 
 musty and contains in some cases a large amount 
 of mold or smut and it may ergot. I have very 
 rarely seen this disease where mares are fed 
 hay and kept on high and dry pastures with 
 plenty of good spring water. 
 
 There was quite an outbreak of this disease 
 the past year, twenty miles southwest of Calgary. 
 One rancher lost ninety per cent of his foals and 
 others a less percentage. The land in this dis- 
 trict is low in some places and swampy and in 
 the spring and summer of 1910 it was very dry. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 109 
 
 and some of these swampy places dried up and 
 the stock pastured in them ; Ihe feed was partly 
 decomposed and sour and I think that this was 
 the predisposing cause of abortion in this in- 
 stance. I have been in this province breeding and 
 treating stock continuously for a period of more 
 than fifteen years but I have never seen any 
 cases of infectious abortion in this section until 
 four years ago. 
 
 One of my clients, a large rancher who lives 
 in this district lets his mares range and has never 
 had any of this trouble. It seems that brood 
 mares that run at large on the level prairies are 
 practically free from this disease, but where they 
 run on low-lying land and feed on straw stacks 
 they are more predisposed to this disease. If this 
 is so then certain feeds must contain this bac- 
 terium. Two weeks ago I was called fifteen miles 
 to an outbreak of this disease. These mares are 
 fat and in fine condition, but have been running 
 on stubble. This grain was not cut until after 
 it was laid flat by a snowstorm last fall and there 
 was a large amount of feed left on the ground. 
 
110 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 some very much discolored. I recommended thor- 
 ough disinfection and removal of pregnant mares 
 to different pastures and feed. The owner was 
 in my office a few days ago and reports no more 
 cases of abortion as yet. 
 
 I would like to learn if there is any other, or 
 rather any successful treatment for this disease. 
 Ranchers and farmers are getting worried and no 
 wonder, when one considers the price of horses 
 and what the losses from this dreaded disease 
 mean to them each year. Other practitioners in 
 different parts of Alberta are meeting the same 
 conditions. 
 
 It seems to me that it would be a good thing 
 for the farmers if the local government should 
 conduct a scientific investigation of this disease 
 and try to find the cause for it; if it continues 
 to increase for a few more years as it has for 
 the past four years the farmers will be unable 
 tc raise horses enough for their own use Even 
 at the present time horses are being shipped in 
 from the east and from the States although Al- 
 berta is one of the best sections in the world for 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 111 
 
 horse raising. It is up l:o us as veterinarians to 
 do all in our power to find, if possible, the cause 
 of contagious abortion in mares and to publish 
 our results whether successful or otherwise. 
 PERCY K. WALTERS, V. S., 
 
 Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 
 
 } 
 
 / 
 
The Colt 
 Rearing, Feeding and Breaking 
 
 To the prudent breeder, the future of a colt 
 if practically under his own control. 
 
 We forget that we are living in the Twentieth 
 Century and that times and conditions call for 
 expert mechanics and it is a significant fact that 
 horses like men are retiring from the cheaper 
 service into better, and that from all sides the 
 call is for animals of good form and action of 
 extreme docility and high intelligence. The ill 
 bred mongrel is not wanted as he cannot do what 
 is demanded of the horse today. Too many of 
 our farmers consider that their part is done when 
 they have bred the mare to a sire whose type 
 they admire or whose breeding suits them. The 
 colt comes in due time and is relegated with the 
 dam to some remote pasture, or worse even, it 
 is forced to follow the mare aimlessly from one 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 113 
 
 end of the soft plowed field to the other m a 
 weary trudge. Then, as the mare is permitted to 
 rest occasionally to cool off, the colt takes ad- 
 vantage of the opportunity to drink, and draws 
 from the foaming udder the over-heated milk, 
 turned from a life sustaining to a death dealing 
 fluid. 
 
 The future usefulness of the colt depends 
 upon nothing so much as the feed during the first 
 year of its life. To be useful in anyway a horse 
 must have good bones, and above all, good joints. 
 Bone are built like the rest of the body from the 
 feed consumed by the young animal and if the 
 food does not contain the elements essential to 
 the growth of bone, it is evident that there will 
 be a weakness in this part of the organism. The 
 milk from the dam contains a large proportion of 
 the most necessary mineral substances, such as 
 lime; but the colt seems to require much more 
 in a short time and may be seen trying to supple- 
 ment this limited supply by taking occasional 
 mouthfuls of soil. Probably no materials at the 
 farmer's disposal contain more mineral or bone 
 forming material than bran and oats, and the colt 
 
114 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 should have plenty of these and good hay from 
 the start. It is quite safe, as a rule, to give as 
 much as two quarts of these concentrates mixed 
 per diem as soon as the colt can be taught to eat 
 them, and this can be gradually increased. The 
 colt's temperament and character should be close- 
 ly studied, however, and ration gauged accord- 
 ingly. These concentrates and clover hay being 
 rich in protein or flesh forming material, induce 
 rapid development of muscle, sinew, and tendon, 
 as well as bone, and such are the great desider- 
 ata in colts. 
 
 Feed liberally of the right kind of feed and 
 nature will do the rest, so far as bodily develop- 
 ment is concerned. 
 
 Yet nature must be given every opportunity 
 and all her forces allowed to do their part of the 
 work. Let the colt have lots of pure air. Give 
 it all the sunshine it requires. Stint it not where 
 good pure water is concerned. 
 
 Be very careful that it has ample room to lie 
 down at will. Do not over exercise, yet err not 
 on the other side and give too little. The well 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 115 
 
 fed colt requires more exercise than the average 
 or poorly fed one. 
 
 As the weaning- time approaches, the colt 
 should be encourage to eat oats, hay and bran. By 
 careful feeding, he will scarcely know he has lost 
 a part of his ration and will unwittingly substi- 
 tute that which is provided to replace it. Some 
 people forget to provide a good quantity and suit- 
 able substitute. "Better not forget." The same 
 ration may be used during all his colthood days, 
 but keep in mind ever, that larger animals require 
 larger rations. 
 
 The training of a colt should begin the day 
 it is born. The first step is to make friends with 
 the new born chap as it is usually easier the first 
 day than ever again, as every thing is new to it 
 then. Never do anything to scare him. Give him 
 some sugar and anything he will eat out of your 
 hands, and do not forget the sooner you break him 
 to the halter and discipline him the better. Colts, 
 unlike some other young animals, are non- 
 descripts for the rearing of which no definite 
 rules can be given or strictly adhered to, but com- 
 mon sense, patience, and alertness should prevail. 
 
116 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 The value of any horse is increased or lessened 
 by his education or training. Many colts are 
 ruined in "breaking." Many are never broken 
 at all. 
 
 There are three classes of men who "break" 
 colts. One is the easy, kind, patient fellow who 
 lets Mr. Colt do about as he pleases. It can start, 
 stop, turn around, or anything else without re- 
 monstrance. Such colts seldom make trusty 
 horses, usually headstrong and unreliable. 
 
 Then there is the man who goes at the colt 
 to break or kill — jerking, clubbing, whipping, 
 swearing and so on. Colts broken by such men 
 sometimes get over their fright by proper hand- 
 ling, but are most likely to be natural fools like 
 the breakers. They are always nervous, always 
 ready to run. The right kind is a happy medium 
 and comes just between these two extremes. He 
 is kind and patient, but firm. His efforts are to 
 convince the colt that he is "boss." He has the 
 horse under control always. To accomplish this, 
 it is not necessary to knock the horse down every 
 time you approach him. As I have said before, 
 halter break when young and at the age of three 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 117 
 
 begin to give him his harness education, by plac- 
 ing the harness on him and let stand for a short 
 time to get acquainted with the new regalia. 
 Then place a strap or rope in the end of the 
 tugs and pull them up against his legs and get 
 him used to this performance, and if he shows 
 no signs of kicking, then bridle him and tie him 
 to the broke horse and lead out of the bam. As 
 you then have him secure and should you try 
 to lead him out alone, he might take such a sudden 
 notion to go that he would go alone. Do not try 
 to teach him all in a day, but step by step and 
 in a short time you have a well broke horse and 
 one worth $25.00 to $50.00 more than one that 
 has been spoiled. 
 
The Horse for Business and 
 Pleasure 
 
 By Secretary Coburn 
 
 In all the ages for which we have authentic 
 history, the horse has been the sturdy and es- 
 teemed servant of man. Equally in the avocations 
 of peace and productive industry, subduing the 
 wilderness and its savages, whether human or 
 brute, the march of armies or shock of battle, he 
 has borne a part conspicuous and potent. 
 
 Adapted and adaptable to innumerable forms 
 of men's service thus long as no other animal, the 
 time for his displacement is not yet. Although 
 prophets of Evil may proclaim the horseless age 
 a? already ushered in. No machine of steel and 
 steam, of cog and cam, no vapor fed motor, nor 
 craft propelled by batteries or boilers, success- 
 fully supercedes the percheron at the plow, the 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 119 
 
 hackney at the carriage, the patchens in lighter 
 harness or the denmarks and the thoroughbreds 
 lazily cantering to my lady on healthful pleasure 
 bent, or fiercely charging under such men as rode 
 at Balakava, Winchester, and San Juan, these in- 
 valuable, latter day, developments of mechanical 
 ingenuity profitably and properly supplement but 
 do not supplant the horse, nor detract from his 
 indisputable merits, until human nature becomes 
 something else. The beauty, strength, intelligence 
 and utility embodied in a well bred, well trained 
 horse will be admired of human kind and profit- 
 able pleasure found in his production, improve- 
 ment, and varied use in his better form possessing 
 capabilities never before equaled, the appreciation 
 of him has never been more genuine or more 
 generous than now. It is impossible that this 
 shall seriously abate, even though his production 
 is, as a business, like all others, subject to vicissi- 
 tudes of supply, demand, fashion and fancy, meth- 
 od and manner, time and place. Some of the 
 horses most noted for speed, endurance and strik- 
 ing excellence, marvels of the equine world, and 
 matchless, have been foaled or reared beneath 
 
120 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 the skies of Kansas; demonstrating beyond dis- 
 pute that nature with lavish bounty has poured 
 into her soil and sunshine and through them into 
 her grasses and grains, those elements out of 
 which are evolved fine fiber and highest courage 
 in horse no less than master. No seer can say 
 that her possibilities for future brilliant achieve- 
 ment in this line, with the world for a market, 
 are immeasurable and need but to be utilized — 
 not in the production of one type alone, but every 
 good type which business demands or pleasure's 
 patronage gives countenance to endow the State 
 in greater measure with that prestige already 
 hers by virtue of conditions made naturally so 
 advantageous. 
 
 To help establish a renewed and enlarged faith 
 in a worthy calling, strengthen affection for man'? 
 noblest dumb servant ; encourage making the most 
 of rich opportunities and bring to Kansas the ac- 
 cruing benefits is the aim of this article. 
 
 I^et me say here and now as an open confes- 
 sion is good for the soul. I heartily endorse every 
 word of our old secretary, by saying the displace- 
 ment of the horse is several generations away 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 121 
 
 as yet. Many of my readers will remember as 
 far back as 1893 and 1894 when you could buy a 
 good smooth twelve hundred pounds horse for 
 $35.00 to $40.00 and buyers were scarce at that 
 too. But how is it now? Times have changed 
 since father was a boy. But on every hand you 
 could hear it freely predicted that horses would 
 never be high priced again and no one wanted 
 to breed them for fear there would be no market. 
 But conditions soon changed and since 1900 or 
 for the past twelve years the horse market has 
 been the best ever known and my dear friends, let 
 me sound a warning here and now. With all 
 the modern inventions, steam plows, trolley cars, 
 motorcycles, automobiles combined, to displace the 
 horse, the day is not far distant when we will 
 certainly face a horse famine (I mean the right 
 kind of horses, though). The situation of the 
 horse industry s being affected at both ends, on 
 the one hand, there is a scarcity of good horses 
 today. There has been a widening of demand, 
 or at least of the channel through which demand 
 for American horses extends. The export demand 
 has grown wonderfully during the past few years. 
 
122 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Beginning with almost nothing in 1893 it has 
 indreased every year until it now presses us hard 
 to supply the export demand. Unless all signs 
 fail for a good many years to come one of the 
 paying branches of farming will be the keeping of 
 a few good brood mares as work horses and com- 
 bining with this use of them the production of a 
 colt each year. They must, however, be good 
 brood mares and that type known as the all pur- 
 pose horse and must be bred to pure bred sires 
 of good individuality and suited in type to the 
 capacity of the brood mare ijor production. Then 
 if the foal is properly cared for and kept growing 
 from the start, handling it during colthood, so as 
 to make it easy to control, by the time it reaches 
 a saleable age it will be undoubtedly good" prop- 
 erty. The present situation of the horse industry 
 affords another illustration of the importance of 
 choosing one's lines and then sticking to them 
 through good and evil report. As we have had oc- 
 casion to say many many times during a number 
 of years past, good colts bred for at any time dur- 
 ing the period of depression in the horse industry 
 would have been very saleable property, at good 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 123 
 
 prices as soon as they reached a marketable age. 
 This has been my oft expressed opinion all thru 
 the period of depression, and the facts have veri- 
 fied this view. And it is my opinion and also 
 seems to be the consensus of opinion among horse 
 men that mules are about to come into their "own" 
 and they can have it all as for me, as I learned 
 long ago not to fool with the cheap running gears 
 of a watch, bicycle or the "business" end of a 
 mule. But now listen, it is as natural for one 
 extreme to follow another as for a duck to take to 
 water, and the time is ripe and the day at hand 
 that about every other farmer wants to trade 
 horses for mules and the fact that the state of 
 Kansas lost 30,000 head of horses with forage 
 poisoning or grass staggers the past fall, has lent 
 much to the impetus of this move. Seeing that 
 mules seldom take this disease or any other for 
 that matter, but mark you, mules are poor breed- 
 ers and farmers usually are very slow to change 
 from one to the other, as this change (or epi- 
 demic) has been about five or six years coming 
 on, and will as surely and certainly take as long 
 to change back to horses from mules as it did 
 
124 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 to change from horses to mules if not longer. 
 Now, I think you can figure it out for yourself, 
 that in the next ten years the man who is the 
 possessor of a good span of brood mares that will 
 weigh say fifteen hundred pounds each can de- 
 mand six hundred per team and have no trouble 
 in finding buyers at this sum if not even more. 
 
 I have been from the Atlantic to the Pacific 
 and find fifteen per cent more mules used than 
 were six years ago. Not only in Kansas and 
 Colorado, but in all the other states. It's mules, 
 mules everywhere. The breeders will tell you they 
 would rather breed for mules much on account 
 they are like that much gold. You can sell them 
 when you take them from the mare or at yearlings 
 or two-year-old or most any other age. 
 
 Well, this is true, but when this crop of mares 
 run out what are you going to raise mules from 
 then ? Oh ! you say, the other fellow will do that 
 as they are not all raising mules. This is true, 
 but my dear reader, do you know that about fifty- 
 five per cent of the brood mares are being bred 
 to Jacks ? And as they count seventy per cent is 
 a good average, this means thirty per cent off the 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 125 
 
 forty-five mares that are bred to horses, leaves 
 you about thirty-two colts out of every hundred 
 mare, then say, about four out of these thirty-two 
 are road horses which is a small per cent, this 
 leaves twenty-eight colts, then we will say one- 
 half of them are horse colts, this leaves fourteen 
 colts out of every hundred brood mares. With 
 the natural loss, you can very easily see where 
 the price of good brood mares will be ten years 
 hence and may be in much less time. Of course, 
 I do not expect every one to agree with me on 
 this subject as the doubting Thomas is still with 
 us. He told Columbus he never would discover a 
 new world. But he did. They told Noah they did 
 not believe there would be a flood, but it came. 
 Many said the Atlantic cable could not be laid. 
 But it was. Many great and wise men doubted 
 that Edison would ever perfect a machine that 
 we could talk through, to our friends miles away, 
 but that has come to pass and so it goes. The 
 man that reads this and profits thereby will be 
 the man that makes the coin, because the short- 
 age in horses is inevitable. 
 
126 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Right here let me give you a few words on 
 the horse from Prof. Eugene Davenport of the 
 University of Illinois. When the traction engine 
 and steam plows became realities; when electric- 
 ity and the cable displaced the horse from the 
 street car service ; when the bicycle took its place 
 among the necessities of life and the horseless 
 carriage was something more than a dream ; men 
 began to say that the horse had about outlived 
 his usefulness as a domestic animal, and many 
 a ready pen predicted his speedy and practical 
 extinction. 
 
 This feeling has become something more than 
 the hasty conclusion of a few correspondents. I 
 find it widely spread. It is the settled conviction 
 of many men and communities and low prices are 
 given aa argument to show that the horse is 
 going out of use. As a consequence, horses are 
 not being bred to any great extent and as I see 
 it, we are in imminent danger of a horse short- 
 age or famine. It is true that much of the horse 
 labor is being performed more cheaply and better 
 by machinery. The same can be said of man. 
 All this reduces the value of the low grade in- 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 127 
 
 dividual, whether horse or man, but it does not 
 threaten the extinction of either species; on the 
 contrary new demands are constantly arising. 
 The horse is coming to be handled by better men 
 than formerly and is becoming more and more 
 like the dog, the companion of the master. 
 
 The dray horse is no longer an animated skele- 
 ton, driven by a howling ruffian, but a well fed 
 prosperous beast, in good harness and driven by 
 a man who loves a horse. The city delivery horse, 
 his van and his driver, now belong to the adver- 
 tising department of the establishment and here 
 is a service newly created that needs more good 
 horses than the street car companies ever did. 
 Every friend of the horse will rejoice in hh 
 emancipation from the street car and his elevation 
 to the delivery van. 
 
 How many men were ever known to sell a 
 carriage horse or a saddler and buy a bicycle? 
 with all its usefulness, it is but a poor substitute 
 for a horse and there is not the least danger of 
 one displacing the other. No man who has ever 
 felt the thrill of answering intelligence along the 
 reins of his favorite driver will ever be satisfied 
 
128 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 to confine himself to a dumb thing made of steel 
 of which he himself must furnish the motive 
 power. We seem to forget that machinery has 
 displaced the horse in the most ordinary service. 
 We also seem to forget that the horse is progress- 
 ing upward as to his occupation and we have been 
 breeding him backward, except as to heavy draft 
 and the race track. 
 
 This demand for better horses is not new and 
 transient, but is natural and will endure. It is for 
 breeders to study its nature. Breed such as will 
 satisfy the new conditions and stop the increase 
 of miscellaneous rubbish. 
 
 Besides the heavy draft, let us have a useful 
 intelligent horse of medium size with a deep thick 
 chest, upstanding neck, full forhead and large 
 bright eye and open nostril and erect ear, a short 
 leg heavily muscled, with a long low stride that 
 brings the foot lightly to the ground. Then with 
 a short back and strong loin, we shall have a 
 horse of good action, of great endurance and one 
 that will give good promise of rendering good 
 service for twenty years, for such a horse there 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 129 
 
 is a strong and growing demand. Who will breed 
 him? Out of what blood lines will he be pro- 
 duced? 
 
 I am certainly glad to see such men as Coburn 
 and Davenport predicting a future for the horse 
 as they do. But in the latter's remarks, or in 
 his closing remarks he queries out of what blood 
 lines will he be produced. 
 
 In answer to this, let me say, there are two 
 breeds of horses that are ultimately destined to 
 fill the requirements. First, the German Coach 
 horse. Second, the Morgan, and of the two, I 
 believe the German Coach horse must lead the 
 Morgan as an all purpose horse. But I am also 
 in clined to believe that as a cavalry horse, the 
 Morgan horse leads all breeds. And in support 
 of my contention, will cite the fact that on account 
 of the shortage in cavalry horses the U. S. Gov- 
 ernment has taken steps to raise their own horses 
 and their choice seems to be the Morgan horse. 
 As I learn from good authority, that the Govem- 
 mjent has established a Morgan horse farm in the 
 State of Vermont for the purpose of breeding up 
 the Morgan horse and encouraging breeders in 
 
130 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 raising cavalry horses. Of course, I am inclined 
 to believe that for this country and for the 
 horseman's best interest the German Coach is 
 the winner. He has the size, action, has good 
 eyes, good feet, wind and wonderful endurance. 
 Take it all in all, I think they are as healthy a 
 breed as can be found. They have the size to do 
 any ordinary farm work there is to do in this 
 country and in case a drive to town is to be made, 
 they will step off eight and ten miles an hour 
 with all ease. Combined with all the above qual- 
 ities, they are a very intelligent breed of horses 
 and easily educated or broken, especially is in- 
 telligence essential to a good all purpose horse; 
 as a rule the smarter the horse, the more easily 
 he is broken. 
 
 The northwestern part of Germany is noted 
 for their high bred horses, especially the prov- 
 inces of Hanover, Mecklenburg, that western part 
 of Schleswigholstein between the rivers Elbe and 
 Eider and the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg has 
 for more than two centuries been famed for its 
 highly developed type of trotters and coaching 
 horses. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 131 
 
 These horses have been carefully selected and 
 bred for generations and enhanced by a strain of 
 thoroughbred blood. Such horses as these are 
 now in great demand as the all purpose horse. 
 And we think not many years hence they will be 
 the most sought for horse in the land and com- 
 mand the highest prices of any horses on the 
 market. Early in the Seventeenth Century, Han- 
 overian stock was exported for the purpose of 
 improving the breeds of other countries, princi- 
 pally Great Britain, which country afterwards 
 furnished in return many thoroughbreds^ the in- 
 fusion of this blood proving to be a great benefit 
 to the Hanoverian type by moderating their mas- 
 siveness without a loss of strength. These horses 
 are chiefly distinguished by their elegance and 
 stateliness of movement and use to be used very 
 much as state coach horses. We are told that 
 ever since their introducjtion into England in 
 1820, these horses have drawn the Royal car- 
 riages and it is said a few years back, the Queen's 
 stables contained some one hundred specimens of 
 the breed. 
 
132 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 A bay of this breeding sixteen and one-half 
 hands high was ridden by the Emperor of Ger- 
 many at the Queen's Jubilee Celebration. 
 
 The German Coachers owe much of their rapid 
 development to the fostering care and patronage 
 of the Government, which lent encouragement to 
 the breeding interests as early as 1735 and estab- 
 lished a Government stud especially for coach 
 purposes. Its parental supervision dates back 
 for more than a century. Up until recent years 
 there has been comparatively few German Coach 
 horses in the United States, but those importa- 
 tions created favorable impression that it has 
 become more general and we think as yet it is 
 in its infancy. They have proved themselves 
 most prepotent, transmitting their qualities to 
 their offspring with great certainty. These horses 
 are nearly all solid colors, bay, brown or black 
 and range from fifteen hands to seventeen hands 
 high and weigh from twelve to sixteen hundred 
 pounds. The typical coacher should trot very 
 regularly with free knee and hock action, be 
 stylish and handsome. Have short or medium 
 back and good quarters. His shoulders should 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 133 
 
 slope gracefully back, carrying a lengthy, well 
 arched neck and cleanly chiseled head, free from 
 meat. He should have a clear, full, expressive, 
 dark eye, and the visage of a thoroughbred. His 
 limbs and feet should be absolutely sound, with 
 clean flat bone and his action should be< high, 
 bold and square, with sufficient speed to step 
 off eight to twelve miles an hour, with ease and 
 grace. His disposition spirited and intelligent 
 and you have all that could be wished for in any 
 one horse. 
 
 In conclusion let me say Kansas has surprised 
 the world with some of her productions in the 
 line of harness horses, such as Joe Patchen, known 
 as the iroh race horse of his age. Was bred and 
 raised by C. and M. M. Rathbone, Peabody, Kan- 
 sas, and then John R. Gentry, bred and raised on 
 the Toler farm near Wichita, Kansas. Many 
 lovers of the race horse will remember that great 
 and noted match of these two Kansas bred horse's 
 at Wichita in the fall of 1899 when nearly 20,000 
 people had gathered to witness this race for the 
 special purse of $3,000 and, if I am not mistaken. 
 
134 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 not many years hence the eyes of the world will 
 be turned toward Kansas cavalry horses. Judging 
 from the present interest that is being manifested 
 in the breeding of coach horses. 
 
History of the Horse 
 
 The early history and origin of the horse is 
 wrapped in obscurity and fable and we really 
 know little or nothing of it, except we have reason 
 to believe that he first came from Asia, like man, 
 and according to the Mosaic account all other 
 animals existing; and that he was used in Egypt 
 more than 1600 years B. C. But with the history 
 of the horse, I shall not encumber this book, 
 which might be enlarged to an enormous extent, 
 if this deparment was entered into at length. 
 Suffice it, then, to discuss the present condition 
 of the horse and its more recent origin, as now 
 existing in this country in addition to his general 
 habits. We have at present time three herds of 
 wild horses roaming at large in the United States, 
 one in the northwest part of Montana and one in 
 Idaho and one in Nevada. Of course a great 
 many people are aware of this fact, but I merely 
 
136 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 make mention of this as no doubt it will interest 
 many who do not know at this day and age that 
 there is a single wild horse left in the United 
 States. 
 
 The habits of the horse in all countries and 
 of all varieties are pretty much alike. Wherever 
 he is at large he is bold but wary and easily taking 
 note of man's approach and to give him as wide 
 a berth as he possibly can or rather show him 
 a clean pair of heels. Wild horses exist in great 
 numbers yet in parts of Asia and also in South 
 America. From their constant state of liberty 
 and their roving habits, in order to obtain food 
 and water, they are inured to fatigue, and can 
 bear an enormous amount of long continued fast 
 work without that training which the domesti- 
 cated animal must have. The walk and the gallop 
 are the horse's natural paces and all others are 
 acquired; but nothing can exceed the fiery ani- 
 mation and elegance of movement of the free 
 horse, and in these two paces art has done nothing 
 to improve his form, except perhaps in slightly 
 increasing the speed of the latter. In all countries 
 and in all ages the horse in his native state has 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 137 
 
 more metal and staying qualities according to his 
 size than his domesticated brother. This is one 
 of the arguments you quite often hear quoted 
 as argument against clipping horses in the spring, 
 but as I am to close on this subject will give a few 
 reasons why a horse should be clipped in the 
 spring and fall as well. 
 
Clipping Horses 
 
 I must admit in the beginning, that when men 
 first began this treatment or rather practice, I 
 was foremost in offering criticism as on the spur 
 of the moment, I certainly could see no good 
 from this practice and on the other hand I could 
 not see the animal stand around and suffer from 
 the cold which I though was enough against this 
 practice if nothing more could be said. But as I 
 have said in other places in this book that I was 
 from Missouri, yet I am always willing to be 
 shown, and after watching this practice and 
 studying it closely for years, I find it not only 
 humane but a decided advantage to the horse as 
 well as a benefit to the owner in a financial way. 
 
 But now, I want you, my dear reader, to re- 
 member one thing and that is, you cannot jump 
 in any old time and clip your horse to an advan- 
 tage, but if clipped in the right time, you can 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 139 
 
 keep the horse up on less fed and he is less liable 
 to disease and also less liable to carry disease. 
 
 As I have an article before me from the Horse 
 Review that I think just hits the spot which I 
 shall quote and close on this subject. 
 
 "Often complaints become numerous as to 
 horses 'doing' badly. Either they are off their 
 feed or their food seems to *do them no good/ as 
 the attendant expresses it, or they are dull, 
 spiritless, sluggish, easily fatigued, sweat pro- 
 fusely on the slightest exertion and their coats are 
 rough, lusterless and staring. Even horses that 
 are managed on the most approved lines are al- 
 ways very much below par at the season of chang- 
 ing the coat and when it grows long, they suffer 
 from coughs and colds, show signs of debility 
 and do not perform their work well. For most 
 cases of this kind, clipping will be found to be 
 the best remedy and the question, should horses 
 be clipped? can be answered in the affirmative. 
 At least in the case the animals called upon to 
 perform fast or severe work. We are, of course, 
 aware that clipping has its opponents as well as 
 its advocates, although the former are fast be- 
 

 140 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 coming fewer in number every year. The chief 
 arguments against clipping seem to be our fathers 
 did not clip; that the summer coat comes better 
 in the undipped animal and that it is contrary 
 to nature, who would not have provided this 
 coat if unnecessary. 
 
 The first contention is admitted. Thelast gen- 
 eration did not clip its horses and for this there 
 were two reasons ; it did not know any better, and 
 it had not the same facilities for doing so as 
 exist today. The few horses that were clipped 
 then had the coat removed with the comb and 
 scissors and in some cases with the razor and this 
 meant at a cost of not less than $15.00 and con- 
 siderable refreshment. Those who remember the 
 days before the perfection of the clipping machine 
 can quite understand why our fathers did not 
 commonly clip their horses, or when they did 
 so clipped them but once in the season. More- 
 over their management was no better than ours. 
 Nor were horses healthier; indeed in many cases 
 their stables were hot beds of disease. They 
 were kept at a tropical heat. Generally py the 
 careful exclusion of pure air and the animals were 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 141 
 
 heavily clothed to prevent the growth of the coat. 
 In large stables more men were kept. Men were 
 cheaper and better and had to rub their charges 
 dry when they came in dripping wet. The hot 
 stables, several rugs and the larger amount of 
 grooming kept the coat from growing to the 
 extent it does now that stables are more airy, 
 clothing lighter and men lazier. 
 
 The second objection that the summer coat 
 does not come off so nicely is admitted also. It 
 is especially true if the clipping is too frequent or 
 too late. 
 
 To clip after the second week in January is 
 to spoil the summer coat and the animal is of 
 several colors, very rough in coat, and altogether 
 deficient in the bloom characteristic of the animal 
 which has shed its winter coat naturally. Per- 
 haps it is better to have comfortable working 
 health and freedom from coughs and colds during 
 the autumn and winter than a smart appearance 
 in the spring but they can all be secured if there 
 is a judicious selection of time and if ordinary care 
 is exercised. A great deal depends on the breed- 
 
142 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 ing of the animal, the grooming and the conditions 
 under which it is kept. It is cold that induces 
 the growth of the coat and a horse turned out or 
 kept in a cold draughty place or stable and only 
 half groomed, will, especially if coarse bred, have 
 a long coat at a much earlier period than one 
 warmly sheltered and well dressed. The theory of 
 interference with nature is absurd. 
 
 Nature provides the horse with two coats 
 every year. In the spring he sheds his long win- 
 ter coat for a fine short covering of hair that' 
 is more porous and retains the animal heat less 
 perfectly. 
 
 In a state of nature he would be admirably 
 provided to withstand the cold of winter, especial- 
 ly if he got plenty to eat, but under domestication 
 the conditions are changed and he has to work 
 instead of roaming at liberty in the fields. Ani- 
 mals performing fast or severe work with a long 
 coat suffer an unnecessary drain on the system. 
 The sweat of the horse is not a simple mixture of 
 water and salts, but of water, proteid and salts 
 and the observed loss of flesh which follows. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 143 
 
 Horses being worked undipped as was the 
 practice a generation ago is thus readily ex- 
 plained, the chances of chill following the return 
 to the stable of an undipped animal, with a long 
 winter coat that takes two men an hour to dry, 
 even if they are willing to try, have not been 
 exaggerated. 
 
 Therefore, this covering, which, in a state of 
 nature would be an admirable provision for keep- 
 ing him warm, because under artificial conditions, 
 a source of positive danger to him. This, we 
 think, disposes of the arguments against clipping, 
 certainly where fast working horses are concerned 
 the advantages are too obvious to need enumer- 
 ation. Unless the circumstances are exceptional, 
 all horses that move beyond a walk should be 
 clipped and artificially clothed and it will be 
 found as a result that they feed, thrive and work 
 better and are less subject to colds and coughs. 
 Some contend that the horse of slow draught 
 neither requires the coat removing nor clothing. 
 That is, that agricultural horses do not benefit by 
 clipping. We are not so sure about it, but the 
 
144 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 practice is certainly increasing, and many farmers 
 claim coughs and colds absent. This they did 
 not enjoy before its practice was commenced on 
 their teams. 
 
 — By W. R. Gilbert in the Horse Review. 
 
The Examination of the Stable 
 Horses for Soundness 
 
 I have been asked every spring about this 
 one line of work and what I think of this law and 
 if I think a veterinary is allowed to charge $8 or 
 $10 for examination of his stallion, when the law 
 only allows him $2.00 for his services. 
 
 To the first question: 
 
 I answer this law is a step in the right direc- 
 tion, but like many other laws will be badly 
 abused for years to come. In the first place, 
 horses will be passed that should not be and 
 on the other hand if the ex-veterinary has a sore 
 spot he can find a few blemishes on Mr. Farmer's 
 horse and have him registered in the state as 
 such. 
 
 Of course, I do not say this will often occur, 
 but these are only a few of many things that can 
 
146 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 be put over on the farmer under this law. Of 
 course this like all others will be improved on. 
 
 In answer to the second question, will just give 
 you a short article taken from the A. J. V. M. 
 and entitled "The laborer and his hire." 
 
 In Kansas where they pay brick layers and 
 stone masons 65c per hour when engaged on 
 state work, but where the law prohibits the pay- 
 ment by the state of more than 50c an hour for 
 veterinary services, the legislature recently saw 
 fit to enact a stallion registration law requiring, 
 among other things, an examination for sound- 
 ness. 
 
 The examination called for is most thorough 
 and must be made by a qualified veterinary. The 
 law provides that the charge for this examination 
 shall not exceed $2.00 for each stallion examined. 
 
 The owner of the stallion pays the fee. The 
 veterinary gets it. The state is no party to the 
 transaction and could with just as much propriety 
 set the fee for attending a case of colic. Most 
 of the veterinaries in Kansas with more or less 
 grumbling against those in the profession whom 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 147 
 
 they believed to have anything to do or be re- 
 sponsible for the low fee, acquiesced in the two 
 dollar per examination arrangement, but not all. 
 
 Dr. W. W. Wiseman of Delphos was recently 
 called to examine a stallion at some distance from 
 his office and charged $2.00 for the examination 
 and $10.00 the regular charge for mileage. His 
 aggrieved client took the matter up with the 
 state officials, who supported him in his con- 
 tention. The matter ended in the courts, where 
 Dr. Wiseman won. 
 
 Now I think this article should forever set 
 at rest the doubt in the minds of those that think 
 a veterinary can hitch up and make a ten or 
 twelve mile drive and examine a horse for $2.00 
 even though it is the law. The law says NO, 
 the Court says YES. This puts one in mind of 
 the story of the guy that got into jail and sent 
 for a lawyer, and of course his offense was some 
 minor one and on questioning his client, ex- 
 claimed, "Why they can't put you in jail for that." 
 But his client having a slight strain of Irish in 
 his veins came back with the answer, "But oi'm 
 here just the same." 
 
148 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 There is no doubt but what this law is very 
 lame as there should have been some provisions 
 made for these cases that call for a veterinary 
 at a long distance for this examination and my 
 notion is this law should either be repealed or 
 amended. 
 
A Few Things a Farmer 
 Should Know 
 
 I have had occasion to call Mr. Farmer and 
 Horseman's attention to a few of these things 
 many times in the course of my years of practice 
 and more than once have I had them say to 
 me if they had know a few of these things they 
 could have detected the lack of knowledge in a 
 would be veterinary and have stopped him from 
 doing their horse an injury. 
 
 I shall only mention the teeth in the way of 
 milk caps as very near every book along this line 
 tells you all about the teeth and that the colt 
 begins to get his permanent teeth at the age 
 of coming three and keeps shedding until he 
 comes five, when he has a full mouth. Now 
 then, dear reader, when you have a veterinary 
 pulling milk caps off from your colts, never allow 
 him to put his forceps on a tooth behind the third 
 
150 Janes's Up-to-now 
 
 one as he will ruin a permanent tooth. The colt 
 only sheds the three first jaw teeth, remember 
 this. The rest concerning colt teeth, I have al- 
 ready discussed quite fully in a previous chapter. 
 Another thing: do you know the horse has 216 
 bones in his body and that one-tenth his weight 
 is blood? Lean horses have more blood accord- 
 ingly than fat ones. A horse has 24 jaw teeth, 12 
 incisors and 4 tushes or bridle teeth, 40 in all. A 
 mare the same except the last four. The horse's 
 pulse beat is around 38 per minute; respiration 
 ten or twelve; temperature 98.5; a 1000-pound 
 horse can lose 50 pounds blood and still recover. 
 The average horse's stomach holds about four 
 gallons. This is very small compared with the 
 cow brute. The horse's liver usually weighs from 
 ten to twelve pounds. 
 
Jockey Tricks 
 
 How to Make a Foundered and Spavined Horse 
 Go Off Limber. — Take tincture cayenne, one 
 ounce; laudanum, two ounces; alcohol, one pint; 
 rub the shoulders well with warm water, then 
 rub the above on his shoulders and backbone ; give 
 him one ounce of laudanum and one pint of gin; 
 put it down his throat with a pint bottle ; put his 
 feet in warm turpentine, rub it on the bottom part 
 of his feet .with a sponge after taking them out 
 of the water; drive him about half a mile or a 
 mile, until he comes out as limber as a rag. If 
 he does not surrender to his pain, tie a thin cord 
 around the end of his tongue. 
 
 How to Make Old Horses Appear Young. — 
 Take tincture of assafoetida, one ounce; tincture 
 cantharides, one ounce; oil cloves, one ounce; 
 oil cinnamon, one ounce; antimony, two ounces; 
 fenugreek, one ounce; fourth proof brandy, one- 
 half gallon. Let it stand ten days, then give ten 
 drops in one gallon of water. 
 
152 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 How to Make a True-Pulling Horse Balk. — 
 
 Take tincture of cantharides, one ounce and cor- 
 rosive sublimate, one dram. Mix and bathe the 
 shoulders at night. 
 
 How to Distinguish between Distemper and 
 Glanders. — The discharge from the nose, if glan- 
 ders, will sink in water, if distemper, it will not. 
 
 To Make a Horse Fleshy in a Short Time. — 
 
 Feed with buckwheat bran, to which add a little 
 of the shorts ; keep in a dark stable. Half a day's 
 drive will make a horse fatted in this way poor. 
 
 How to Make a Horse Stand by His Feed and 
 Not Eat It. — Grease the front teeth and roof of 
 the mouth with common tallow, and he will not 
 eat until you wash it out. 
 
 How to Make a Horse Appear as if He Had 
 the Glanders. — Melt fresh butter and pour in his 
 ears. 
 
 How to Make a Horse Appear as if Foundered. 
 — ^Take a fine wire or any substitute, and fasten 
 it around the pastern joint at night, smlooth the 
 hair down over it nicely, and by morning he will 
 walk as stiff as if foundered. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 153 
 
 To Tame Horses. — Take finely grated horse 
 castor, oils of rhodium and cumin; keep them in 
 separate bottles, well corked; put some of the 
 oil of cumin on your hand, and approach the horse 
 on the windy side. He will then move toward 
 you. Then rub some of the cumin on his nose, 
 give him a little of the castor on anything he 
 likes, and get eight or ten drops oil of rhodium 
 on his tongue. You can then get him to do any- 
 thing you like. Be kind and attentive to the 
 animal, and your control is certain. 
 
Medical Department 
 
 Janes Liniment. — Take tincture opii, four 
 ounces; oil spike, two ounces; cajeput, two 
 ounces; oil sassafras, one ounce; oil cloves, one 
 ounce; oil organum, one and one-half ounces; oil 
 mustard, six drams; one ounce of tincture cap- 
 sicum; two ounces gum camphor; one-half gallon 
 alcohol. Use as any ordinary liniment for com- 
 mon aches and pains. For sore throats place one 
 pint hot water in a quart can, then put one table- 
 spoonful of the liniment into this hot water and 
 inhale through the mouth for 10 to 15 minutes 
 three or four times a day, or better still saturate 
 a woolen cloth with the liniment and bind over 
 the mouth for three or four hour and you will be 
 wonderfully surprised at the results. For croup, 
 bathe throat and chest and give 10 to 15 drops 
 every thirty minutes in one teaspoonful warm 
 water until relieved. No family should be with- 
 out this liniment in the house. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 155 
 
 Healing Salve. — One-half pound petrolatum, 
 one-half pound resin; one-half pound sweet elder 
 bark. Simmer over a slow fire for three or four 
 hours until it forms a dark hard salve and you 
 have a splendid salve for cuts, bruises, burns, 
 boils and all kinds of old sores. To use, spread 
 on a piece of cloth and apply to sores. 
 
 A Sure Cure for Rheumatism. — Tincture opii, 
 one dram; tincture capsicum, ten drops; alcohol, 
 one-half ounce; sweet oil, one quart; nitrate pot- 
 ash, two ounces: dissolve the potash in the oil, 
 then add the balance. No better remedy known 
 for inflammatory rheumatism. Bathe the parts 
 affected two or three times daily and you will 
 soon have no rheumatism. 
 
 Another Good Salve. — Boric acid, one ounce; 
 witch hazel, one dram; sheep's tallow, once ounce; 
 bee's wax, one ounce ; sweet oil, one ounce ; red 
 lead, one-half ounce; gum camphor, two ounces. 
 Put all these in a stone dish and fry for three or 
 four hours. Spread on paper or cloth and apply 
 to sores. 
 
 A splendid remedy for itching piles is made 
 as follows: Menthol grains, fifteen; hammam- 
 
156 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 eles, one dram ; triturate into a paste and then add 
 boric acid, one dram ; vaseline, two ounces (white 
 vaseline). Try this remedy and you will be well 
 pleased with results. I gave this to a friend of 
 mine that had been bothered with itching piles 
 for twenty years and he told me afterwards that 
 he applied this salve night and morning for 10 
 days and had a complete cure. This is also a fine 
 salve for nasal catarrh. 
 
 Cough Syrup. — Take one quart hoarhound and 
 one quart water and boil down to one pint, then 
 add two sticks licorice and one tablespoonful es- 
 sence lemon and one dram alcohol; ten drops oil 
 organum. This receipt has sold for $100.00 and 
 it is asserted that several firms are making big 
 money manufacturing it. 
 
 Cough Cure. — Oil organum, oil sassafras, oil 
 hemlock, oil cedar, of each, two ounces; raw lin- 
 seed oil, one quart. Mix, shake well and give 
 one tablespoonful every three hours. Children 
 less. 
 
 Pain Killer. — Here is a fine pain killer. Take 
 tincture capsicum, tincture rhubarb, essence pep- 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 157 
 
 permint, spirits camphor, of each one-half ounce. 
 Mix and give a few drops in warm water. Repeat 
 it if necessary. 
 
 Liniment. — Here is an old fashioned home 
 made liniment and a good one too. Take three 
 quarts pure cider vinegar; six eggs. Mix and 
 shake well for 20 or 30 minutes then add tur- 
 pentine, 16 ounces, and shake well again, then 
 add benzine, eight ounces; aqua ammonia, eight 
 ounces. Always shake well each time before add- 
 ing each ingredient. Now, if you want to have 
 one of the best liniments made, add to the above 
 12 ounces alcohol, 8 ounces chloroform. Let stand 
 for a few days and then use as any other liniment. 
 
 To Mend Crockery. — Take four pounds white 
 glue; one and one-half pounds dry white lead; 
 one-half pound isinglass ; one gallon soft water ; 
 one quart alcohol; one-half pint white varnish; 
 dissolve the glue and isinglass in the water by 
 gentle heat; stir in the lead; put the alcohol in 
 the varnish and mix the whole together. 
 
 Tomato Catsup. — Boil one bushel tomatoes 
 until they are soft, squeeze them through a fine 
 wire sieve. Add one and one-half pints salt; 
 
158 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 two ounces cayenne pepper and five medium sized 
 head onions, skinned and separated. Mix and 
 boil until reduced one-half, then bottle. 
 
 Good Taffy. — Two cups sorghum, one cup 
 sugar; four ounces butter. Cook all together un- 
 til a little dropped in cold water will harden, then 
 add a pinch of soda. Pour onto a buttered platter 
 and let cool until it can be pulled. 
 
 Fiudge. — Two cups sugar, one-half cup milk; 
 four ounces butter; chocolate as desired, and a 
 teaspoonful of vanila. Boil all together until it 
 will thread when dropped from the spoon. 
 
 Take from the fire and whip until it begins to 
 thicken. Then turn quickly onto a buttered plat- 
 ter and mark in squares as soon as it sets suffi- 
 ciently. 
 
 Good Nut Candy. — Two cups brown sugar; 
 one cup syrup (Karo preferred) ; one-half cup 
 rich milk (or cream) , and a small lump of butter. 
 Boil all together until it will make a ball when 
 tested in cold water. 
 
 Take from the fire and whip until it is partly 
 cooled, when the chopped nuts may be added. 
 Then continue whipping until it is quite stiff, 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 159 
 
 when it may be poured onto a buttered platter 
 and scored into squares. •'' 
 
 This candy requires lots of whipping, as it is 
 sticky like taffy that has not ben cooked suffi- 
 ciently, if it is not whipped. 
 
 Dr. Parker's Great Cure for Diarrhoea and 
 Cramps in Stomach. — Two parts tincture cam- 
 phor, tincture opium, tincture African cayenne, 
 essence peppermint, one part tincture rhubarb. 
 Mix. Dose — Half teaspoonful for an adult, and 
 from five to ten drops for the child. Repeat the 
 dose in fifteen minutes if the patient is not re- 
 lieved. Bathe the bowels with strong vinegar. 
 This is one of the most valuable secrets that this 
 book contains. It has saved hundreds of lives. 
 If you manufacture this article and sell a few 
 bottles in any locality, its great virtues will soon 
 spread far and wide, and you will have orders 
 from families, druggists, and others. Put it up 
 to retail for 25 cents. 
 
 Cement for Broken China, Glass, Etc. — The 
 following recipe, from experience, we know to be 
 a good one, and, being nearly colorless, it 
 posses advantages which liquid glue and other 
 
160 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 cements do not: Dissolve half an ounce of gum 
 acacia in a wineglass of boiling water; add plas- 
 ter of Paris sufficient to form a thick paste, and 
 apply with a brush to the parts required to be 
 cemented together. 
 
 Best Blacking for Boots and Shoes. — Ivory 
 black, one and a half ounces; molasses, one and 
 a half ounces; sperm oil, three drams; strong oil 
 of vitriol, three drams; common vinegar, half a 
 pint. Mix the ivory black, molasses and vinegar 
 together, then mix the sperm oil and oil of vitriol 
 separately, and add them to the other mixture. 
 
 To Destroy Flies in a Room. — Take half a 
 teaspoonful of black pepper, one teaspoonful of 
 brown sugar, and one tablespoonful of cream; 
 mix them well together and place them in a room 
 on a plate, where the flies are troublesome and 
 they will soon disappear. 
 
 To Drive Cockroaches from Your DweJling. — 
 
 Strew pulverized helebore root on the hearth, 
 
 floor, or places they frequent at night. In the 
 
 morning the roaches will be found either dead or 
 
 dying, for such is their avidity for this plant. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 161 
 
 that they never fail to eat it when they can get it. 
 Black pulverized hellebore may be had at all 
 herb shops. 
 
 Scarlet Fever. — It is unnecessary for a child 
 to die of scarlet fever as it is that it should be 
 blind with cataract.. Let us see. At any time 
 before the body has finished its infectual struggle 
 we are able to help it, not by wonderful medicine, 
 but by the knowledge of anatomy and the appli- 
 cation of a little common sense. We consult the 
 sympathetic nerve, and do what it commands us 
 to do. We mjust give this child salt when it 
 wants it. We must give it acid when it has fever 
 and anxiously craves it, not vinegar, but lemon 
 juice, because the first coagulates albumen and 
 the latter does not, on account of the amount of 
 oxygen it contains. To imitate the smoothing 
 mucus in the intestines, which is not wanting, 
 and to give some respiratory food at the same 
 time, we add some gum arable. To restore and 
 relieve the injured nerve, we apply moist warmth. 
 
 In practice we can fulfil all this with the fol- 
 lowing manipulations: Undress the child and 
 bring it to bed at the very first signs of sick- 
 
162 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 ness. Give it, if it has already fever, sourish 
 warm lemonade, with some gum-arabic in it. 
 Then cover its abdomen with some dry flannel. 
 Take a well-folded bed sheet and put in boiling 
 hot water; wring out by means of dry towels 
 and put this over the whole and wait. The hot 
 cloth will perhaps require repeated heating. Ac- 
 cording to the severity of the case and its stage 
 of progress, perspiration will commence in the 
 child, in from ten minutes to two hours. The 
 child then is saved; it then falls asleep. Soon 
 after the child awakes, it shows slight inclina- 
 tion for food help its bowels, if necessary, with 
 injections of soap, oil and water, and its recov- 
 ery will be as steady as the growth of a plant in 
 the green-house if well treated. 
 
 Of course if the child were already dying 
 nothing could save it, or if it has effusions in 
 the lining of the heart or brain, it is much better 
 that it should die. But if the above is applied 
 in due time, under the eyes and directions of a 
 competent physician, I will guarantee that not 
 one in a hundred children will ever die of scarlet 
 fever. I know this will startle some of my read- 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 163 
 
 ers especially those who have already lost chil- 
 dren, but I shall go still further. I maintain that 
 a child will never get scarlet fever if properly 
 treated. If the child has correctly mixed blood 
 it will never catch the scarlet fever if put in bed 
 with a sick child. This is still more startling, 
 but nothing easier got rid of. 
 
 Moths. — A very pleasant perfume, and also 
 preventative against moths, may be made of the 
 following ingredients: Take of cloves, caraway 
 seeds, nutmeg, mace, cinnamon, and Tonquin 
 beans, of each one ounce then add a much Floren- 
 tine orris-root as will equal the other ingredients 
 put together. Grind the whole well to powder, 
 and then put in little bags, among your clothes, 
 etc. 
 
 Cheap and Good Vinegar. — To eight gallons 
 of clear rain water, add three quarts of molasses ; 
 turn the mixture into a clean tight cask, shake 
 it well two or three times, and add three spoon- 
 fuls of good yeast, or two yeast cakes, place the 
 cask in a warm place and in ten or twelve days 
 add a sheet of common brown wrapping paper, 
 smeared with molasses, and torn into narrow 
 
164 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 strips, and you will soon have good vinegar. The 
 paper is necessary to form the "mother" or life 
 of the vinegar. 
 
 To Increase the Flow of Milk in Cows. — Give 
 your cows three times a day, water slightly warm, 
 slightly salted, in which bran has been stirred at 
 the rate of one quart to two gallons of water. 
 You will find if you have not tried this daily 
 practice, that the cow will give twenty-five per 
 cent more milk, and she will become so much 
 attached to the diet that she will refuse to drink 
 clear water unless very thirsty, but this mess she 
 will drink at almost any time, and ask for more. 
 The amount of this drink necessary is an ordi- 
 nary water-pail full each time, morning, noon and 
 night. Avoid giving cows "slops," as they are 
 no more fit for the animal than they are for the 
 human. 
 
 White Wine Vinegar. — Mash up twenty 
 pounds raisins, and add ten gallons of water; let 
 it stand in a warm place for one month, and you 
 will have pure white wine vinegar. The raisins 
 may be used a second time the same way. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 165 
 
 To Mend Crockery, No. 1. — Four pounds of. 
 white glue, one and a half pounds dry white lead, 
 one-half pound isinglass, one gallon soft water, 
 one quart alchohol, one-half pint white varnish; 
 dissolve the glue and isinglass in the water by 
 gentle heat if preferred ; stir in the lead, put the 
 alchohol in the varnish, and mix the whole to- 
 gether. 
 
 Extirpation of Cockroaches.. — Common red 
 wafers, to be found at any stationer's will answer 
 the purpose. The cockroaches eat them and die. 
 Also sprinkle powdered borax plentifully around 
 there "they most do congregate," and renew it 
 occasionally; in a short time not a roach will be 
 seen. This is a safe and most effectual extermi- 
 nator. 
 
 Great Art of Waterproofing Cloth. — For many 
 years I have worn India rubber waterproof; but 
 I will buy no more, for I have learned that good 
 Scottish tweed can be made completely impervi- 
 ous to rain, and, moreover, I have learned how 
 to make it so; and for the benefit of the public 
 I have been led to sell this recipe, which is as 
 follows : In a pail of soft water put half a pound 
 
166 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 of sugar of lead (the acetate of lead,) and half 
 a pound of alum; stir this at intervals until it 
 becomes clear; then pour it off into another pail, 
 and put the garments therein, and let it be for 
 twenty-four hours, and then hang it up to dry 
 without wringing it. Two of my party, a lady 
 and gentleman — have worn garments thus treat- 
 ed in the wildest storm of wind and rain without 
 getting wet. The rain hangs upon the cloth in 
 globules; in short, they are really waterproof. 
 A fortnight ago I walked nine miles in a storm 
 of wind and rain, such as you rarely see, and when 
 I slipped off my overcoat my underclothes were 
 as dry as when I put them on. This is, I think, 
 a secret worth knowing; for cloth, if it can be 
 made to keep out wet, is in every way better 
 than that we know as waterproof. 
 
 Great English Harness Blacking. — Three 
 ounces turpentine, two unces white was, to be 
 dissolved together over a slow fire ; then add one 
 ounce of ivory-black and one dram of indigo, to 
 be well pulverized and mixed together. When 
 the wax and the turpentine are dissolved, add 
 the ivory black and the indigo, and stir till cold. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 167 
 
 Apply very thin; brush afterward, and it will 
 give a beautiful polish. This blacking keeps the 
 leather soft, and, properly applied, gives a good 
 polish. It is excellent for buggy tops, harness, 
 etc. Old harness if hard may be washed in warm 
 water, and when nearly dry, grease it with neats- 
 foot oil. 
 
 Powerful Cement for Broken Marble. — Take 
 gum arable, one pound; make into a thick mucil- 
 age ; add to it powdered plaster of Paris, one and 
 a half pounds sifted quick lime, five ounces; mix 
 well; heat the marble and apply the mixture. 
 
 Increase of Milk and Butter. — If cows are giv- 
 en four ounces of French boiled hemp seed, it will 
 greatly increase the quantity of milk. If pans 
 are turned over this milk for fifteen minutes 
 when first milked, or till cold the same milk will 
 give double the quantity of butter. 
 
 To Prevent Cattle, Fowls, etc., From Getting 
 Old. — If cattle are occasionally fed a little of the 
 extract of the June berry, it will renew or ex- 
 tend the period of their lives. Use in connection 
 with the vanila bean, and the two will produce 
 the most wonderful results. It will acton people 
 
168 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 the same as on the animal kingdom. Now flax 
 seed frequently given to cattle in small qantities 
 will make them, whether young or old, or if as 
 poor and thin as skeletons, soon to appear fat 
 and healthy. 
 
 To Fatten Fowls in a Short Time. — Mix to- 
 gether ground rice well scalded with milk, and 
 add some coarse sugar. Feed them with this in 
 the day time, but not too much at once. Let it 
 be rather thick. 
 
 Everlasting Fence Posts. — I discovered many 
 years ago that wood could be made to last longer 
 than iron in the ground, but thought the process 
 so simple and inexpensive that it was not worth 
 while to make any stir about it. I would as soon 
 have poplar, basswood, or quaking ash as any 
 other kind of timber for fence posts I have tak- 
 en out basswood posts after having been set sev- 
 en years, which were as sound when taken out as 
 when they were first put in the ground. Time 
 and weather seemed to have no effect on them. 
 The posts can be prepared for less than two cents 
 a-piece. This is the receipt: Take boiled lin- 
 seed old and stir it in pulverized charcoal to the 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 169 
 
 consistency of paint. Put a coat of this over the 
 timber, and there is not a man that will live to 
 see it rotten. 
 
 How to Test the Richness of Milk. — Procure 
 any long glass vessel — a cologne bottle or long 
 phial. Take a narrow strip of paper, just the 
 length from the neck to the bottom of the phial, 
 and mark it off with one hundred lines at equal 
 distances; or into fifty lines, and count each as 
 two, and paste it upon the phial, so as to divide 
 its length into a hundred equal parts. Fill it 
 to the highest mark with milk fresh from the 
 cow, and allow it to stand in a perpendicular po- 
 sition twenty-four hours. The number of spaces 
 occupied by the cream will give you its exact 
 percentage in the milk without any guess work. 
 
 To Give a Stove a Fine Brilliant Appearance. 
 — A teaspoonf ul pulverized alum mixed with stove 
 polish will give the stove a fine lustre, which 
 will be quite permanent. 
 
 To Clean Furniture. — An old cabinet maker 
 says the best preparation for cleaning picture 
 frames and restoring furniture, especially that 
 somewhat marred or scratched, is a mixture of 
 
170 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 three parts linseed oil and one part spirits of 
 turpentine. It not only oovers the disfigured 
 surface, but restores wood to its natural color, and 
 leaves a lustre upon its surface. Put on with a 
 woolen cloth, and when dry, rub with woolen. 
 
 To Clean and Oil Harness. — First take the 
 harness apart, having each strap and piece by 
 itself, then wash it in warm soap suds. When 
 cleaned, black every part with the following dye : 
 One ounce extract logwood, twelve grains bichro- 
 mate of potash, both pounded fine ; when put into 
 two quarts of boiling rainwater, and stir until all 
 is dissolved. When cool, it may be used. You can 
 bottle and keep for future use if you wish. It 
 may be applied with a shoe-brush, or anything 
 else convenient. When the dye has struck in, 
 you may oil each part with neats foot oil, applied 
 with a paint brush, or anything convenient. For 
 second oiling use one-third castor oil, and two- 
 thirds neats foot oil mixed. A few hours after, 
 wipe clean with a woolen cloth, which gives the 
 harness a glossy appearance. 
 
 The preparation does not injure the leather 
 or stitching, makes it soft and pliable and obvi- 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 171 
 
 ates the necessity of oiling- as often as is neces- 
 sary by the ordinary mjethod. 
 
 Salve for Man or Beast. — For all kinds of old 
 sores, use honey and rosin, melted together; add 
 lard enough to make a paste; when cool, it is 
 fit for use. There is no salve better than this 
 its medicinal qualities are excellent. 
 
 To -Soften ..the ..Feet. — Spirits of tar, two 
 ounces; fish oil, four ounces. This is very pen- 
 etrating, to use where the feet are hard and brit- 
 tale. Rub it in with a brush upon the crust and 
 sole every night. 
 
 Hoof Medicine. — Take Rosin, four ounces; 
 beeswax, five ounces; lard two pounds; melt to- 
 gether, pour it into a pot, add three ounces tur- 
 pentine; two ounces finely pulverized verdigris 
 one pound tallow ; stir all until it gets cold. This 
 is one of the best medicines for the hoof ever 
 used. It is good for corks or bruises of the foot. 
 
 Heaves — Reasons Why it is Not in the Lungs. 
 — First. If the disease was in the lungs, it would 
 create inflammation, and have the same effect as 
 inflammation of the lungs by cold. The horse 
 would be weak and drooping without appetite, 
 
172 Janes*s Up-to-Now 
 
 and really, could not be driven two miles as any 
 person would drive a horse. But a heavy horse 
 can be driven from eight to twelve miles within 
 an hour. This is positive proof that it is not in 
 the lungs. 
 
 Second. Take a heavy horse and turn him out 
 to pasture forty-eight hours, and he will breathe 
 clear and easy, showing no signs of the heaves. 
 The grass has not reached the lungs, still it has 
 stopped the hard breathing; but if you will give 
 the horse cold water to drink, he will cough. Has 
 the water touched the lungs? No; but it has 
 touched the disease. This is another reason why 
 it is not in the lungs. 
 
 I will tell you where the disease is, and what 
 it is caused by. 1st. A dainty horse is not liable 
 to heaves, but a hearty eater is liable to this 
 disease — not from the amount of food that he 
 eats, but from the hoggish way of eating. There 
 are two pipes leading to the stomach and lungs; 
 where they meet there is a throttle valve. A 
 horse on eating coarse food, scratches his throt- 
 tle ; then by a hard drive, and warming the horse, 
 he takes cold in his wound, and becomes a run- 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 173 
 
 ning sore or canker. By turning the horse to 
 grass the juice cleanses and washes the wound; 
 the grass being cool takes the inflammation from 
 the disease; the swelling is gone, and the horse 
 breathes free and easy as ever. This is positive 
 proof that it is not in the lungs. Then, by feed- 
 ing with coarse and dry hay, it irritates and 
 creates inflammation and causes the horse to 
 breathe hard again. 
 
Hog Cholera 
 
 As I have never made a study of the hog and 
 his diseases, I shall only write this one article on 
 the hog, but let me say in the start, this one ar- 
 ticle, if strictly adhered to, will be worth many 
 times the price of this book and I am sure will 
 save some man hundreds of dollars worth of hogs. 
 
 In my boyhood days I worked on the farm in 
 the northeast part of Kansas for an old time hog- 
 raiser and as it so happened they had some hog 
 cholera both winters I was there; but this old 
 timer never lost a hog notwithstanding all his 
 neighbors lost more or less hogs. I remember 
 one Sunday morning when he was going the 
 rounds looking after the different pens of hogs, 
 I noticed him carrying a candy bucket and dealing 
 out some dope to his hogs and of course as most 
 boys are usually more or less curious, I must know 
 just what this old coon is doing, so proceeded ta 
 ask a few questions, and here is the whole secret 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 175 
 
 just as he gave it to me and now mind you, he 
 says "young man, this advice costs you nothing, 
 but means dollars to you in case you ever raise 
 hogs." 
 
 In the first place, I will say his hog pens were 
 built on and along a sand creek in fact, he said 
 if he did not have plenty of sand in the lots he 
 would haul it there. Then he took of wood ashes 
 one part and air slacked lime, four parts and 
 scattered this in the sandiest places in the lot 
 then when he fed his hogs, he would string his 
 feed on top of this mixture of ashes and lime. 
 One thing I have never forgotten and that is his 
 argument on cholera, he said not one-half of the 
 cases of the so-called cholera was real hog chol- 
 era. As he argued that worms killed more hogs 
 than ever cholera and after watching him two 
 years and talking to men who had known him 
 for years, and they said he always had been lucky 
 with hogs. I made up my mind that this remedy 
 was simple and inexpensive and if I ever raised 
 hogs I certainly would try this systemi. 
 
 One thing more, lest I forget. This man also 
 made a practice of giving the hogs a small dose 
 
176 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 of lye in a bucket of slop to each fair sized hog. 
 This has a tendency to keep the hogs free from 
 worms. 
 
 As a further precaution, he also used in case 
 there was any disease in the community, the 
 following preparation: To each fair sized hog 
 he would give two drams of sulphur and half a 
 dram of arsenic in a small amount of slop about 
 twice a month. Now as strange as it may seem, 
 this man never lost a hog from this hog plague 
 and his next door neighbors lost hundreds of 
 dollars worth of hogs before they would adopt 
 his system of treatment. I asked the old gentle- 
 man one day why he had not told more men about 
 this plan of protecting hogs, only to get the 
 answer that he tried to tell every man in the 
 country. Then the next thing that came up in my 
 mind was, why would men be so slow to adopt this 
 system of treatment when it was so sure? To 
 this he replied, "This remedy seems too simple." 
 So now, Mr. Hogman, you have this, try it. Do 
 not cast this aside without first testing it out. 
 But now let us go back to the candy bucket we 
 started out with. This old coon of the hills 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 177 
 
 claimed when finishing up hogs for the market 
 they should have a little salt once a week, as it 
 saved dollars worth of grain. This was a real 
 hog raiser, and why not pattern after him, as I 
 am quite sure such a good preventative is better 
 than all the cures and I am certain much cheaper, 
 I have up to recently claimed there is very little 
 merit in any of the so-called hog cholera cures. 
 
 Now one word on sanitary conditions and I 
 will close, as I want to quote some good authority 
 on my above remarks as to cures being failures. 
 
 You have heard the expression all your life, 
 "dirty as a hog". Now, while I am no lover of 
 the hog, let me say I think the hog quite a clean 
 animal when it has a chance, so you should always 
 look after your hogs in this respect and see to 
 it that they have plenty of room, clean water to 
 drink, and they will fare pretty well. 
 
 Now I wish to quote you a few words from 
 a man well versed on this subject, as he is pres- 
 ident of one of the largest hog serum companies 
 in Kansas City, and you can see from the tone 
 of his letter he has very little faith in the curative 
 
178 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 qualities of the hog serum, but also tells you this 
 is all rig-ht for which it was intended — a prevent- 
 ive which I can sanction from experience. This 
 article by Dr. F. W. Hueben, was read at the semi- 
 annual meeting of the Missouri Valley Veterinary 
 Society, Kansas City, February 1, 1912. 
 
Remarks on Hog Cholera 
 
 By Frank W. Hueben, D. V. S. 
 
 While diseases of hogs have been considerably 
 discussed, and a repetition of these discussions 
 may seem monotonous, I believe, taking into con- 
 sideration its vast economic and scientific im- 
 portance, that too much attention cannot be given 
 it. The losses incurred by the prevalence of this 
 malady among the hogs of our own, and other 
 countries, is almost incalculable. 
 
 In the year 1885, losses from hog cholera 
 amounted to over $30,000,000 in the United States, 
 and in 1887 to nearly $4,000,000 in the state of 
 Indiana alone. The past year was another one 
 in which the losses were such that it would not 
 surprise me to see them figure approximately 
 those of 1885. In some localities the ravages of 
 hog cholera were so great that farmers who had 
 hoped to market a handsome number of hogs, 
 
180 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 lost their herds, not even saving enough for their 
 winter meat. But aside from these exceptionally 
 severe epizootics, hog cholera is with us always, 
 decimating and even annihilating herds, of some 
 parts of our country, causing great financial loss 
 to the hog raisers of the stricken locality and 
 menacing the hog supply of the nation, and always 
 increasing the cost of meat. So I think there 
 is good reason for the discussion and re-discus- 
 sion of this vital subject. 
 
 Hog cholera is a specific infectious, febrile 
 disease of swine, the blood being the tissue most 
 affected. It may be properly classed as a sep- 
 ticemia. It occurs in two forms — acute and 
 chronic, the acute form greatly predominating. 
 It is caused by an ultra-microscopic organism, 
 which, to date, has defied all attempts at cultiva- 
 tion; probably because of failure to find the 
 proper culture media. This organism is contained 
 in all the body fluids, especially the blood, and is 
 so small that it will pass through the finest filter. 
 Its elimination takes place in all excrements, and 
 the rapidity with which it is often disseminated 
 may impress one that it may be violatile. As 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 181 
 
 stated, the virus is contained in the excretions 
 of the diseased animals, becomes mixed with the 
 contents of the pens and runs ; the food and water 
 troughs become contaminated, so that animals 
 such as dogs, cats, rats, or birds, which may 
 pass through or alight in the pens, may transport 
 to other herds. In rainy seasons the virus is 
 washed from the infected fields into the creeks 
 and small streams and in this way may pass it 
 from herd to herd along their course. In dry 
 seasons, as the past one was, the wind may be- 
 come a great factor in the spread of the disease. 
 It may be carried on the shoes of a friendly 
 neighbor, on wagon wheels, on railroad cars, in 
 fact anything coming in contact with the virus 
 becomes a carrier thereof. Perhaps right here 
 I may state that few stock raisers seem to realize 
 the danger of a visit to the stock yards, where 
 the infection always abounds, and from whence it 
 may be carried home and cause destruction among 
 their own and their neighbors' herds. 
 
 Another important factor is the failure, of 
 some whose hogs have died of the disease, to 
 properly dispose of the carcasses, leaving them 
 
182 Janes*s Up-to-Now 
 
 linburied or unburned, and in this manner allow- 
 ing carrion birds and other animals to carry the 
 infection from place to place. In fact, the ease 
 with which this infection is disseminated has con- 
 vinced me that a strict, thoroughly effective quar- 
 antine is extremely difficult, if not impossible, 
 of execution. True quarantine is helpful to a 
 limited extent, but it will never entirely prevent 
 the spread of the costly scourage from infested 
 to non-infested areas. 
 
 The incubation period of this infection varies 
 from five to fourteen days, usually about seven 
 to eight days, and produces the following symp- 
 toms: 
 
 At first there is listlessness ; this occasionally 
 is preceded by shivering; the sick animals sep- 
 arate themselves from the rest of the herd ; their 
 temperature rises two to three degrees; there is 
 disinclination to eat, and when driven the sick 
 hogs lag behind, showing weakness, staggering; 
 this is more pronounced in the hind quarters; 
 the ears and tails are drooping; theer may be 
 swelling at the base of the ears ; their temperature 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 183 
 
 keeps rising until it reaches 107, 108, 109 and 
 even 110 degrees F. 
 
 There is complete anorexia; sometimes there 
 is a mucoid nasal discharge and lachrymation 
 with adhesion to the eyelids; there appears a 
 thumping and drawing in of the flanks; this 
 thumping is usually non-synchronous with the 
 respiratory movements; the respirations are ac- 
 celerated; usually but not always there develops 
 a dark-colored, foul-smelling diarrhoea, this may 
 be preceded by constipation ; sometimes petechiae 
 and ecchymoses, or blotches appear in the skin of 
 the abdomen, between the thighs, and on the 
 breast; these always occur in other parts of the 
 skin, but cannot be so readily seen as on the 
 parts mentioned. Death usually occurs in from 
 one to five days in acute cases. 
 
 In chronic cases the symptoms are prac- 
 tically the same, but much slower, and less in- 
 tense in their development ; hemorrhagic areas of 
 the skin are nearly always present and are from 
 dark red to purplish in color. Progressive emaci- 
 ation also takes place, which is not so pronounced 
 in the acute cases. 
 
184 Janes*s Up-to-Now 
 
 Post-Mortem Lesions. — Varying-sized hem- 
 orrhagic areas of skin, located especially between 
 the thighs, along the abdomen and on the breast ; 
 when the skin is removed the subcutaneous tissue 
 usually shows many small ecchymoses; the in- 
 guinal glands are usually but not always hem- 
 orrhagic; the sublimbur, mesenteric, gastro- 
 hepatic, bronchoesophageal and submaxillary 
 lymphatic glands are nearly always hemorrhagic, 
 varying in color from light red to almost black. 
 The spleen is usually enlarged, dark in color, and 
 friable, but is often found perfectly normal or 
 just studded with petetechiae or ecchymoses, es- 
 pecially along its borders and under surface. The 
 kidneys are usually congested but sometimes pale 
 in color, and show from a few to great number 
 of petechiae and ecchymoses; these are sharply 
 defined and will not wash off or disappear on rub- 
 bing or on the application of pressure. The peri- 
 toneum, both parietal and visceral, may or may 
 not show petechiae or ecchymoses of the under- 
 lying tissues. The greater lobes of the lungs are 
 seldom involved, except occasionally ecchymoses 
 under visceral pleura may be found. The cephalic 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 185 
 
 lobes, however, are nearly always in a state of 
 either red, mixed or gray hepatization. Changes 
 in the heart are rare. In one or two cases I have 
 found ecchymoses on the external surface of the 
 auricles. The stomach contents are sometimes 
 mixed with blood; the mucous membrane con- 
 gested and petechiae may be found under the 
 serous surface. The small intestines usually ap- 
 pear normal, except there may be petechiae under 
 the serosa and congestion of the mucosa; the 
 same can be said of the cecum and colon ; except 
 in chronic cases, the mucosa is congested, thick- 
 ened and presents necrotic ulcers, especially near 
 the ilio-cecal valve; these ulcers varying in size, 
 have a button-like appearance, and are covered 
 with a dirty appearing coat which when removed 
 discloses a ragged crater. Occasionally there is 
 also a hemorrhagic infiltration of the bones, espe- 
 cially noticeable in the cancellated portion of the 
 vertebrae and sternal segments. In the clinical 
 diagnosis of hog cholera the symptoms which 
 have impressed me as being diagnostic are, high 
 temperature, inappetence, weakness of the hind 
 quarters, dark colored diarrhoea, thumping of the 
 
186 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 flanks, which is non-synchronous with respira- 
 tion, and hyperemic areas of the skin. 
 
 On autopsy the following lesions verify diag- 
 nosis: hyperemic glands, enlarged, dark colored, 
 friable spleen, petechiae or ecchymoses in the cor- 
 tex of the kidneys and under the serous mem- 
 branes, hepatization of the cephalic lobes of the 
 lunks; hemorrhagic areas of the skin, and in 
 chronic cases ulceration of the mucous membrane 
 of large intestine. 
 
Differential Diagnosis 
 
 Swine Plague. — In swine plague there is 
 marked dyspnea, hacking cough, thumping of 
 flanks is synchronous with respiration, absence 
 of dark colored diarrhoea; there is a diffuse ery- 
 thema, light red in color, which affects princi- 
 pally the thoracic region. 
 
 Post-mortem. — Congestion, hepatization, and 
 necrotic areas are found existing simultaneously 
 in the lungs, giving them a mottled appearance 
 when cut ; this is usually associated with fibrinous 
 or purulent pleuritis and pericarditis; the con- 
 gestion of the lymph glands is not as pronounced 
 as in hog cholera. Usually confined to the cortex 
 of the gland. There is no petechiae or ecchymoses 
 on the kidneys; the spleen is normal, the mucous 
 membrane of the intestines is normal and the 
 temperature does not reach the height it does in 
 hog cholera. 
 
188 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Pneumonia. — Marked dyspnea, thumping of 
 the flank synchronous with respiration, cough 
 is always present, no diarrhoea, is not as con- 
 tagious as hog cholera. 
 
 Post-mortem. — Congestion, red, mixed or gray 
 hepatiaztion involving the greater portion of one 
 or both lungs, absence of hemorrhagic areas of 
 skin; kidneys, spleen and intestines normal. 
 
 Worms. — Absence of high temperature, de- 
 tection of parasites in the feces and occasionally 
 in the vomition. No hemorrhagic areas on skin, 
 anemic mucous membranes. 
 
 Treatmentw — As the agents which have been 
 selected for our materia medica have proven in- 
 efficient as curatives for this malady, prohylaxis 
 seems to be the proper and only treatment at 
 hand. 
 
 As stated in the beginning of this paper, com- 
 plete quarantine being practically impossible, we 
 must do the best we can along that line. Hygi- 
 enic measures can be applied in the care of hogs 
 as well as other animals; clean water, clean and 
 proper feed, clean, well drained quarters, clean 
 surroundings, the liberal use of disinfectants and 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 18& 
 
 the exclusion of strange animals, can do but good. 
 But by far the most reliable preventive now avail- 
 able is the administration of potent anti-hog- 
 cholera serum by the simultaneous method. The 
 proper use of this agent should become the means 
 of exterminating hog cholera from the herds of 
 the country, if we can educate, or persuade, the 
 raisers of swine to have all the unvaccinated hogs 
 now in the country vaccinated and continue the 
 vaccination of all pigs littered ten to fifteen days 
 after birth, or at the time of weaning. 
 
 If this can be accomplished, I firmly believe 
 that the days of hog cholera are numbered. To 
 date it appears the inclination is to use anti-hog- 
 cholera serum as a curative for the disease, which 
 is not its proper field as the results obtained are. 
 absolutely uncertain. True, the mortality in in- 
 fected or exposed herds may be considerably re- 
 duced by its administration after infection; but 
 no definite proportion of recoveries can be prom- 
 ised. I find that in using serum as a curative it 
 is important to pay attention to the temperature 
 and appetite, its injection being useless when the 
 temperature is above 105 degrees F., or where the 
 
190 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 appetite is entirely absent regardless of tempera- 
 ture. If the animals still eat and the temperature 
 is not above 105 F., I believe that the administra- 
 tion of serum will save the larger portion of these 
 hogs. The doses, however, should be increased 
 to one and one-half the dosage for healthy hogs. 
 As the dose of anti-hog-cholera serum is gauged 
 according to the weight of the animal, it is im- 
 portant that the user be proficient in judging the 
 weight of hogs; he should at least make sure to 
 estimate them on the safe side, rather estimating 
 them over, than under, weight. 
 
Poultry Department 
 Hatching and Brooding 
 
 Natural vs. Artificial Incubation — Moisture the 
 
 Supreme Question — A Natural Way 
 
 to Supply It. 
 
 Without doubt there are many incubators be- 
 ing set this month (February) with expectations 
 of ninety per cent hatches. In reality the hatches 
 will average about forty per cent with beginners. 
 The incubator is an indispensable machine on the 
 commercial poultry plant but the claims made by 
 most manufacturers are greatly exaggerated. 
 
 Experienced operators can secure nearly as 
 many and as high-quality chicks from the ma- 
 chine as from the hen, but the hen-hatched chicks 
 are a trifle better in quality which trifle is a good 
 deal in a show bird. The principal item of ex- 
 pense in natural incubation is labor. If bne is 
 breeding on a small scale and has plenty of "spare 
 
192 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 time" the natural system is therefore the cheaper 
 but where the labor is hired artificial incubation 
 will be found the cheaper system. 
 
 The value of a broody hen's time is practically 
 nothing as it requires nearly as long to "break 
 up" a broody hen and start her to laying again 
 as it does to allow her to hatch a brood of chicks 
 and she will lay all the better later in life for a 
 little rest. It is not natural incubation when a 
 hen is set in a nest of dry straw high off the 
 ground. Natural incubation is found where the 
 hen "steals her nest." When allowed to "steal 
 her nest," the hen selects some secluded, well 
 sheltered spot and builds her nest on the ground 
 using a very little grass to encircle it and retain 
 the heat. The eggs are directly on the moist 
 soil and nearly every egg hatches. 
 
 The setting hens should have a house and 
 yard by themselves away from the laying hens. 
 
 The nests should be alike and all placed in 
 as equally attractive places as possible to prevent 
 the hens fighting for the favorite nests. 
 
 Each nest should be not less than 12x14x14 
 ad should be provided with a door to confine the 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 193 
 
 hen and darken the nest when desirable. The 
 nesting" material should be soil or an inverted sod 
 and a very little straw and the soil should be kept 
 slightly moist during the entire period. Except 
 when hatching it is best to allow the hens to leave 
 the nest and return at will except in the case of 
 a few who are disposed to drive other hens from 
 their nests. Care should be taken that each hen 
 leaves her nest long enough to take a little exer- 
 cise each day for the first few days after being 
 set as, if she does not, she will become a victim 
 of diarrhoea. After the first few days the hens 
 will leave the nest as often as necessary. The 
 food for the broody hen should be whole com 
 and sharp grit kept constantly before them and 
 plenty of green food. When the chicks begin to 
 hatch the door to the nest should be closed till 
 the hatch is over. This prevents the hen leaving 
 the nest before all the chicks are ready and also 
 prevents interference from the other hens. If the 
 hen appears restless after the eggs begin to pip 
 it will prevent her smashing to death some of 
 the chicks to remove the nest (after closing the 
 door) to a dark room. As a rule, however, the 
 
194 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 less one "fusses" with a setting hen the better, 
 ^especially after she begins to hatch. 
 
 Printed directions for operating are always 
 sent with incubators and it is generally best to 
 follow closely the directions, but one should al- 
 ways use common sense. 
 
 I remember the directions for one of the first 
 incubators I used called for a ten minute cooling 
 of the eggs at the start and gradually increased 
 the time to thirty minutes on the morning of 
 the 18th day, making no allowance for outside 
 temperature. Now any boy knows that eggs hav- 
 ing a temperature of 100 degrees F. would cool 
 as much in 10 minutes in an atmosphere of 60 
 degrees F. as they would in 20 minutes in an 
 atmosphere of 80 degrees F. Common sense is 
 necessary in all things. The length of time al- 
 lowed for cooling the eggs must necessarily de- 
 pend upon the temperature of the atmosphere but 
 at no time during the period of incubation should 
 they be cooled long enough to feel cold to the 
 touch. Nearly all the authorities agree that 101 
 degrees F. to 102 degrees F. is the best temper- 
 ature for the first two weeks and 103 degrees for 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 195 
 
 the third week. The greatest danger from over- 
 heating is during the first few days of incuba- 
 tion. 
 
 The moisture question is the hardest question 
 of all to solve and the question upon which nearly 
 all incubator manufacturers disagree. Most in- 
 cubator manufacturers include hygrometers with 
 their operating outfits for measuring the humid- 
 ity of the air in the air chamber. But the point ^t 
 which the hygrometer should register varies with 
 the incubator, because rapidly moveing air car- 
 ries away much more moisture from the eggs 
 than air that moves more slowly. The appearance 
 of the egg when held to the tester in a dark room 
 is a very safe guide to the amount of moisture 
 to use. If the embryo shows a distinct black spot 
 close to the shell of the egg with bright scarlet 
 red veins there is either insufficient moisture or 
 the temperature has been too high. On the 
 sixth day the embryo should show an indistinct 
 outline with dull red veins. This shows that the 
 embryo is deep in the egg and encircled with 
 plenty of watery albumen. There are many 
 
196 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 methods of supplying moisture such as water 
 pans, sponges, sand pans, and sprinkling. 
 
 I have receive best results by placing a pan of 
 water five or six inches under the ventilator in 
 the bottom of the machine and running a common 
 lamp wick from the water pan up through the 
 ventilating hole. In this way the air coming into 
 the machine becomes moisture laden by coming 
 in contact with the damp lamp wick from which 
 the moisture is evaporating. After the 14th day 
 of incubation the wick should generally be de- 
 tached till the 19th day when much moisture is 
 again needed to moisten the lining of the egg- 
 shells and make it easy for the chicks to break. 
 If the air is very dry it will be found beneficial 
 to sprinkle the eggs before they begin to pip as 
 all ventilators should be wide open while the 
 chicks are hatching and this makes a circulation 
 of that will carry away considerable moisture. 
 The chicks should remain in the machine till all 
 are thoroughly dry when they may be removed 
 to the brooder. 
 
 The fireless brooder has grown much in favor 
 during the past few years principally because it 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 197 
 
 is very low in first cost. Counting cost of labor, 
 however, it is much the most expensive system 
 of brooding. 
 
 For the housewife who has plenty of time to 
 devote to raising a few broilers for the family 
 table the fireless system has its advantages but 
 for the man who makes a business of raising 
 poultry on a large scale the fireless system is not 
 practical. It requires much time to teach the 
 chicks to go into the brooder to get warm and in 
 any but very warm weather they require almost 
 constant attention the first week to prevent chill- 
 ing. Good results have been obtained by operat- 
 ing the fireless brooder house but this is not 
 so satisfactory as the heated brooder and cold 
 brooder house system. 
 
 With the fireless system the chicks must be 
 kept in small flocks of about 25 each to prevent 
 their smothering when crowding to get warm. 
 With heated brooders, (those having the correct 
 principles of heat and ventilation) chicks have 
 been successfully brooded in flocks of over one 
 thousand to the brooder thus reducing the cost of 
 labor to a minimum. 
 
198 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 A brooder should be so constructed that it is 
 warmest in the center and grows gradually cooler 
 as it approaches the outer edge. It should then 
 be kept warm enough so the chicks keep a little 
 distance from the center. With this system a 
 regulator is useless, if there is too much heat near 
 the center of the brooder the chicks go nearer 
 the outside of the hover where the air is cooler. 
 A thermometer is useless in any brooder. You 
 cannot measure comfort with a thermometer. 
 Simply keep the chicks comfortably warm regard- 
 less of temperature, that is all that is necessary. 
 
 When one con obtain hens to do the brooding 
 this will be found much the cheapest and best 
 system. During the winter months it is best to 
 confine the hens in lath coops in colony houses, 
 letting the chicks have the run of the house after 
 the first few days when they will all return to 
 their proper mothers if there are not more than 
 four to six hens to the house. Of course with 
 this system the chicks must be kept in smaller 
 flocks than where artificial brooders are used but 
 the hens require practically no care at all while 
 the artificial brooders do. The small chicks do 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 199 
 
 not readily learn the way in and out of the colony 
 house so it is better to use individual outdoor 
 brood coops during warm weather but early in 
 the season the colony house is much better as 
 there is then no advantage in an outside run until 
 the chicks are five or six weeks old when they 
 readily learn the way in and out. The floor of 
 the colony house should always be of boards, 
 likewise the floors of the brood coops, as earth 
 floors are always more or less damp and cannot 
 be thoroughly cleaned without removing the 
 earth. The litter on the earth floor is liable to 
 mould and cause white diarrhoea. Not more than 
 twenty chicks should be given one hen and if the 
 weather is very cold, so the chicks must spend 
 much of their time under the hen, fifteen to each 
 hen is better. The individual brood coops should 
 be not less than thirty inches square with floor, 
 roof and three sides perfectly tight. The roof 
 should project about eight inches over the front 
 of the coop and the top of the frpnt should be 
 confined, especially in hot weather to give venti- 
 lation when the rest of the front is closed on cold" 
 nights. When the chicks are small the hen should 
 
200 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 be confined, especially in hot weather, as she is 
 very industrious in searching for food and if given 
 her liberty will wear the chicks out to keep up 
 with her. In this way many chicks are stunted 
 and others killed. Where one has a cornfield or 
 orchard for the chicks to range in so that they 
 are not kept in the sun long at a time there is not 
 so much danger. A small slatted run may be 
 used in front of the brood coops to confine the 
 hen when she will be comfortable in warm 
 weather if the run is well shaded. After the 
 chicks are several weeks old the hen may be 
 given her liberty and she will find a large number 
 of insects for the chocks. C. A. S. 
 
The Advantage of Incubator 
 Over the Hen 
 
 So many people ask, and especially those 
 starting in the poultry business, this question: 
 "Which is the more successful in hatching- chick- 
 ens, the hen or the incubator?" 
 
 I don't think there is any doubt in the minds 
 of most poultry raisers about the hen being the 
 best to hatch the greatest per cent of fertile eggs. 
 There can be so much said on both sides of this 
 subject and at the finish the question would still 
 be asked. If I had a great number of hens and 
 could dispense with the eggs they might lay I 
 would use hens altogether, provided they would 
 get broods early enough. And that one reason 
 has caused hundreds of people to use incubators. 
 
 In saving eggs for hatching you can set them 
 when they are fresher, say, 15 or 30 at a time 
 when using hens, whereas saving for incubator 
 
202 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 you keep the first until you have, say 100 or 
 more. Of coure the first saved as not as Hable to 
 hatch as the last ones (eggs should be turned 
 while saving, too). 
 
 Having your eggs saved nice and smooth, all 
 of one color and size, you don't have to wait on 
 the hen but can start your incubator as early as 
 you wish, and rest assured the machine won't 
 "fight," "peck," or leave the eggs. You may neg- 
 lect the lamp but the machine will stay right 
 there, and I am sorry to say Biddy doesn't al- 
 ways do so. The fighting one can put up with, 
 but when she sits a week and leaves her nest of 
 your choice and sometimes valuable eggs one cer- 
 tainly does feel "sore." I have heard of people 
 that could get 95 and 96 per cent of chickens and 
 125 chicks from 135 eggs and so on. I have heard 
 of it only. Those are the people to use incubators 
 altogether. I can not get such results. I only 
 wish I could. I would never take any chances 
 with hens. But I feel that if we get 50 per cent 
 in January or February the ones hatched then 
 will be worth more than two or three times as 
 many chickens hatched two months later, or when 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 203 
 
 the hens get broody. The earlier chickens do so 
 much better and seem to be stronger and more 
 thrifty. In my experience I raised a greater per 
 cent of the ones hatched early than at any time 
 after. They seem to grow from the very start 
 and are good sized chicks before the weather gets 
 very warm. Most people are more energetic and 
 ambitious at the first of the season, and one can 
 hardly wait until the little fluffy balls of down 
 are hatched. It is very interesting, and later I 
 think one loses the interest to a certain extent, 
 and the last ones don't have the same care and 
 attention that our first chicks get, and especially 
 is this the case if one has lost very many. 
 
 I think one great advantage the incubator 
 chicks have is that they are more gentle than 
 those let to run with hens; especially in show 
 birds you notice this. It is only natural for a 
 judge to favor a fine bird that poses and "talks 
 back" to him, to one that is easily frightened. 
 
 Also the brooder chicks learn to depend on 
 themselves in case of rain and soon learn to run 
 under the hover, while a hen nine times out of 
 ten will stop under a small bush and try to hover 
 
204 Janes*s Up-to-Now 
 
 her flock and possibly start out with them 
 through the wet grass and water. 
 
 As "the early bird catches the worm," so it 
 is the best bird that takes the ribbon. Usually 
 the early ones are the best, so we may change it 
 to "The early bird catches the ribbon." 
 
 MRS. A. G. WRIGHT. 
 
Raising Poultry on a Town Lot 
 
 We have two of the Prince T. Wood open-air 
 houses, and the front is left open both summer 
 and winter. The droppings boards are in the 
 north part of the house and are fastened to the 
 north wall about two feet above the floor, with 
 the roosts just a little above them. Both the 
 houses have dirt floors covered about eight to 
 twelve inches deep with straw and leaves. 
 
 In the summer the hens are allowed to run 
 into an open pen, but when it is cold or there is 
 any frost on the ground the hens are never 
 allowed out of the houses. 
 
 Our method of feeding is as follows: In the 
 morning we throw about an ounce of feed per 
 hen into the litter for them to warm up on. At 
 noon we give them a green feed of cabbage, man- 
 gel wurzels, or sprouted oats, and a few more 
 handfuls of wheat or kaffir in the litter. At 
 night, between four and five o'clock, a full feed 
 
206 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 of about two ounces per hen is given. This is 
 kaffir or wheat in the summer and corn and 
 kaffir corn in the winter. 
 
 Besides these feeds we keep a dry mash be- 
 fore the hens at all times. This is a mixture of 
 6 parts shots, 4 parts bran, 4 parts commeal, 4 
 parts coarse meal, 1 part oil meal, and 1 part 
 alfalfa meal. Let them have slightly warmed 
 water in the winter to take off the chill, three 
 or four times a day. Also keep grit, oyster shell, 
 charcoal, and dry wheat bran in hoppers all the 
 time. In very cold weather the grain for the 
 litter can be warmed to a good advantage. In 
 the summer time we also have green feed from 
 the garden, and this lessens the amount of 
 sprouted oats given. This seems like lots of work 
 to feed a few fowls but for the last five years it 
 has been bringing in a good profit for the amount 
 invested, besides furnishing a lot of pleasure and 
 outdoor exercise. B. W. 
 
Recipe that will Prevent and 
 Cure Chicken Cholera 
 
 Carbolic acid, blue vitriol, salt peter, copperas, 
 of each two ounces. Dissolve in four gallons of 
 water, then put one pint in four quarts water 
 and give chickens to drink two or three times a 
 week when cholera is in the neighborhood and 
 you need have no fear of losing chickens. 
 
 Here is a louse killer that cannot be beat and 
 should be kept at all times not only on the farm 
 but any place there is a few chickens. 
 
 Take naphthalene 1 pound 
 
 Sulphur 1 pound 
 
 Scotch snuff 6 ounces 
 
 Whiting 3 pounds 
 
 Mix and you have it. This is absolutely cer- 
 tain and will not, as many other lice destroyers, 
 kill the little chicks. Also first clean the hen 
 
208 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 house thoroughly and dust a Hberal supply in the 
 nests and on the roosts and in case the little 
 chicks have mites on them, catch the old hen and 
 dust her good and this will be a plenty for the 
 little chicks. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 
 
 209 
 
 Thoroughbred German Coach Horse from the Pratt County 
 Waldock Lake Ranch, J. C. Bergner & Sons, Props. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, February 7th, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 The bearer of this letter, Dr. S. R. Janes, has 
 done business with this bank for several years 
 and, we have found him perfectly honest and 
 square in all dis dealings with us. 
 Very respectfully, 
 E. E. smvE, 
 Cashier, The Farmers' State Bank. 
 
210 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Turon, Kansas, February 10, 1913. 
 I'o Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 This is to certify that I have known Dr. S. R. 
 Janes for the past seven years and have always 
 found him to be a man of integrity and honesty. 
 He has practiced Veterinary Surgery in Turon 
 during all of our acquaintance with unusual suc- 
 cess and I believe him to be authority on all 
 subjects pertaining to his profession. 
 
 G. E. FORNEY, Druggist. 
 
 Turon, Kans., Feb. 7, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 I have known Dr. S. R. Janes for the past 
 eight years during which time he has lived in 
 Turon and know he has made a success of what- 
 ever he has undertaken and himself and family 
 are considered among our best citizens. He is 
 a veterinary surgeon of more than ordinary abil- 
 ity and his honesty and integrity is above re- 
 proach. 
 
 W. B. REAM, 
 Editor Press, 
 
 Mayor of Turon. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 211 
 
 Greensburg, Kansas, Feb. 9, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 I have known Dr. S. R. Janes for some time 
 and have ever found him a man of faultless honor 
 and integrity. 
 
 He is a Christian man and worthy the confi- 
 dence of any man. 
 
 In his particular field of work he has had 
 large success and so far as I know has won the 
 respect of those with whom he has dealt. 
 
 As a Christian gentlemen meriting your high- 
 est confidence, I heartily recommend him to you. 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 D. F. CROSS, 
 Pastor Christian Church, 
 Greensburg, Kansas, 
 (Formerly of Turon.) 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 10, 1913. 
 This is to certify that we have known Dr. S. R. 
 Janes for the past eight years and as a citizen 
 of our community he has proved himself a gentle- 
 man in every respect and speaking of him as a 
 veterinary, he is considered one of the best in 
 
212 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 the State. His record as a veterinary in this 
 community has been very satisfactory. 
 
 We take great pleasure in recommending Dr. 
 Janes to all who have never met him, both as 
 a gentleman and a veterinary. 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 E. 0. ALLMON, * 
 
 Gen. Merchandise. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 8, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern :— 
 
 I can confidently recommend Dr. S. R. Janes 
 as a reliable, competent and thorough veterinary. 
 Have known him for a term of years and 
 always found him conducting himself as a Chris- 
 tian gentleman and faithfully discharging his 
 duties with honor to the community and credit 
 to himself. 
 
 It gives me pleasure to speak a word for such 
 a man, knowing he justly merits the confidence 
 and support of any one desiring his services. 
 
 ERNEST M. ROWELL, 
 Turon Merchant. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 213 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 7, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 Be it known that the bearer is a personal 
 acquaintance of mine having known him for the 
 past eleven years and know him to be an honest, 
 upright Christian gentleman, and a veterinary of 
 no mean ability. Any dealings he may have with 
 the public will be honestly and conscientiously 
 transacted on his part. Bearer, S. R. Janes, V. S. 
 
 By ED. S. GRAY, 
 
 Barber Merchant. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 10, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern :— 
 
 This is to certify that I have known Dr. S. R. 
 Janes for a number of years, and can recommend 
 him in every way. He is a good Christian gentle- 
 man, and honest and straight in all of his deal- 
 ings as far as I know. His work for me has 
 always been satisfactory. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 E. M. GREENMAN, 
 
 Gen. Merchandise. 
 
214 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 10, 1913. 
 We, the undersigned, will say, with frankness, 
 that we find Dr. S. R. Janes to be a straig-ht, up- 
 right man in every respect in his chosen profes- 
 sion and every day life. Courteous to his fellow 
 man and well liked by all who have had the 
 pleasure of meeting him. 
 
 We can highly recommend him to all who may 
 have a chance to meet him. 
 
 SHERMAN AND NELSON, 
 Liverymen. 
 
 Hutchinson, Kansas, Jan. 9, 1913. 
 This is to certify that Dr. Janes of Turon is 
 personally known to me to be not only a Chris- 
 tian gentleman, but a first class veterinary sur- 
 geon. Gladly do I add my humble word of com- 
 mendation. He understands his work and you 
 can depend upon his word. Any favor shown him 
 will be appreciated by me. 
 Fraternally, 
 
 W. L. HARRIS, Evangelist. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 215 
 
 Conway Springs, Kansas. 
 Feb. 10, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 This is to certify that I, as a pastor of the 
 Church of which Dr. S. R. Janes was a member, 
 at Turon, Kansas, can most heartily commend 
 him as to Christian character and honesty in his 
 business dealings. And furthermore, he having 
 done veterinary and dental work for me, I found 
 his work most satisfactory. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 H. WRIGHT NICHOLSON, 
 Minister. 
 
 Turon, Kans., Feb. 7, 1913. 
 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 « 
 
 I have known S. R. Janes, V. S., for four years 
 of my residence here. 
 
 As for fairness in business and uprightness 
 in dealing, I can recommend him. 
 
 He has made good in his profession in this 
 community. 
 
 Yours, 
 
 J. R. FORTNA & SON, 
 Lumbermen. 
 
216 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 7, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 This is to certify that I have known Dr. S. R. 
 Janes for several years. He has always proved 
 himself to be a man of honor and much integrity. 
 As a veterinary, he has given high satis- 
 faction among our people, I can recommend him 
 in whatever project he undertakes to do. 
 
 Sincerely, 
 
 B. H. POPE, M. D. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 7, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 I have known Dr. S. R. Janes, V. S., for a 
 number of years. Have had considerable business 
 dealings with him and have found him honest and 
 upright in every particular and I can also recom- 
 mend his work as a veterinary surgeon. 
 
 J. J. LAMONT, 
 
 Produce Dealer. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 7, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 We have known Dr. S. R. Janes for the past 
 seven years. We have found him to be a good 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 217 
 
 man to do business with in our bank and his 
 reputation as a veterinary is first class. We 
 believe whatever statements he may make, can 
 be relied on, and it is our opinion in whatever 
 he undertakes he is able to make good. 
 
 M. H. POTTER, 
 President, State Bank of Turon. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 7, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 We have known Mr. S. R. Janes, Vet. S., for 
 the past several years and have always found 
 him ready and willing to carry out anything that 
 he has undertaken or agreed to do. He has made 
 good in his line in this territory so far as we know 
 and our business relations have always been 
 very satisfactory. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 POTTER MERCANTILE CO., 
 per J. W. Potter, Pres. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 7, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 I have known Dr. S. R. Janes for the last five 
 
218 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 years; as for fairness and square dealings, I can 
 recommend him. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 C. MUNHALL, 
 
 Prop. Turon Hotel. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 10th, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 This is to certify that I have been acquainted 
 with the bearer of this letter, Dr. S. R. Janes, for 
 over seven years, and that Dr. Janes bears a 
 good reputation in this community and is spoken 
 highly of in his profession as a veterinary sur- 
 geon. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 W. H. HARPOLE, 
 
 Prop. Restaurant. 
 
 Turon, Kans., Feb. 10, 19ia» 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 Introducing Dr. S. R. Janes of Turon, take 
 great pleasure in directing your attention to him 
 as one of our leading citizens of excellent repu- 
 tation, and character of high moral standard. 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 219 
 
 And whose professional opinion and services are 
 widely sought by our people. 
 
 C. L. ELY, 
 Mgr. Ely Mercantile Co. 
 
 Sioux City, Iowa, Feb. 13, 1913. 
 To Whom This May Concern: — 
 
 I have known Dr. S. R. Janes of Turon, Kan- 
 sas for over fifteen years, and have always found 
 him to be honest in all of his dealings, as a man 
 conscientious and upright, a man with a sym- 
 pathetic heart for one who may be down, a phil- 
 anthropist in rendering them succor. 
 
 As a veterinary, he ranks with those who 
 stand at the head of that profession. Not only 
 is he skillful in restoring to health the sick ani- 
 mal, but he shows the humane spirit in delivering 
 a short lecture to the owner of the same, that he 
 may know what to do to ward off a future attack, 
 or know just what remedy to give that the animal 
 may not have to suffer very long before the 
 services of a veterinary may be secured ; because 
 of these ethical qualifications, and his knowledge 
 of his profession he has always succeeded and 
 without a doubt always will. 
 
220 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Therefore it is a great pleasure on my part 
 to recompnend him to all who may have use for 
 him, in his line of work. 
 
 J. W. VAN DEWALKER, M. D. 
 
 Turon, Kans., Feb. 8, 1913. 
 To the Public:— 
 
 Dr. S. R. Janes has been a resident of our 
 city for the past eight years, have always found 
 him a thoroughly reliable and courteous gentle- 
 man. Stands very high professionally through 
 this section. 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 THE TURON MILL & ELE. CO. 
 
 Turon, Kans., Feb. 7, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 We have known Dr. S. R. Janes for several 
 years and it is with pleasure we state that we 
 always have known him to be a man of advanced 
 ideas, good judgment and a man we would not 
 hesitate to recommend. Dr. Janes is giving ex- 
 cellent satisfaction among our people as a veterin- 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 221 
 
 ary and we believe none of them would hesitate 
 to second our recommendation. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 C. A. DICKHUT, 
 
 Kansas Hdw. Co. 
 
 Turon, Kans., Feb. 10, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 I can cheerfully recommend Dr. S. R. Janes 
 both as a veterinary surgeon and as a man of 
 high standing. And I believe he will make good 
 any promises he makes. 
 
 A. L. SPROUT, 
 
 Mgr. Union Motor Co. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 7, 1913. 
 We have personally known Dr. S. R. Janes 
 for the past three years. Our business relations 
 have been no other than pleasant and as to his 
 profession I believe him to be a success. 
 Respectfully, 
 
 WALTERS & GRAVES, 
 
 Prop. City Meat Market. 
 
222 Janes's Up-to-Now 
 
 Turon, Kans., Feb. 10, 1913. 
 To All to Whom This May Concern : — 
 
 That I having known Dr. S. R. Janes for a 
 number of years have found him to be a gentle- 
 man, honest and trustworthy in every respect to 
 the best of my knowledge. 
 
 F. A. DEVLIN, 
 
 Jewelryman. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 10, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 I, manager of Turon Telephone Company, will 
 say I have known Dr. Janes for six years. Have 
 employed his services as veterinary and am well 
 pleased with his work. 
 
 Wishing him success, I remain, 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 H. R. GEESLING, 
 Mgr. Turon Telephone Co. 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 10, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern: — 
 
 This is to certify that I have known Dr. S. R. 
 Janes for the past six years. That I know him 
 to be a professional man and a Christian gentle- 
 
Doctor and Receipt Book 22-^ 
 
 man. That he stands well in this community 
 both socially and professionally. 
 
 M. S. THACHER, M. D. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 Turon, Kans., Feb. 10th, 1913. 
 To Whom It May Concern : — 
 
 I can cheerfully recommend Dr. S. R. Janes 
 both as veterinary surgeon and as a man of high 
 integrity. I believe he will make good in any 
 promise he makes to the public. 
 
 W. W. ZINK, 
 
 City Marshal. 
 
 Turon, Kansas, Feb. 10, 1913. 
 To Whom These Presents Shall Come, Greeting ; 
 
 This is to certify that I have known Dr. S. R. 
 Janes for a number of years, and can recommend 
 him as a man of honor and a workman second 
 to none in his profession. 
 
 F. L. ELY, 
 Prop. Palace Restaurant. 
 
W. H. BOYD 
 Who Assisted in the Compilation of this Book 
 
APR 10 I91S 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS