G V
CINCINNATI • CH'CAGO ■
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.
Gipp. Gcjtijrigljt l}a.
Shelf..., c b..Cs.'2-
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
MANUAL
SCHOOL GYMNASTICS
CONSISTING OF
FREE GYMNASTICS. DUMB-BELL EXERCISES, AND
^ESTHETIC EXHIBITION FIGURES
A REVISED AXD EXLARGED EDITION OF A MANUAL OF FREE
GYMNASTICS AXD DUMB^b/lL EXERCISES
BY JAMES H. SMART
:>XK<
NEW YORK •:• CINCINNATI •:• CHICAGO
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY
COPTRIGHT. 1S93. BT
AMERICAN BOOK COMTAST.
printec* at
Zhe Eclectic Press
Cincinnati, TX S. H-
CONTEXTS.
PAGE
INTRODUCTION 5
FREE GYMNASTICS 11
Standing Positions 11
Exercises for the Chest : First Series 11
Exercises for the Chest : Second Series 14
Exercises for the Chest : Third Series lb'
Arm-Swinging Exercises 18
Arm and Shoulder Exercises 20
Knee and Foot Exercises 2:3
Exercises to Strengthen the Spine 25
Bending Exercises 2H
Stepping Exercises 30
Wrist and Finger Exercises o2
Exercise to --Red. White, and Blue" 36
Sitting Positions 38
First Series 39
Second Series 40
Third Series 42
Exercise to •• Battle Hymn of the Republic " .... 4o
Exercises to •• Yankee Doodle ' 1 44
BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES 48
Breathing Exercises 48
First Series 49
Second Series 50
Breathing Exercise to •■ Hail Columbia " 53
Breathing Exercises with Free Gymnastics 53
V<* \ i. Exercises 55
Six Movements Adapted to Concert Recitations ... 55
Exercise to •• Battle Hymn of the Republic " .... 58
Exercise to " Hail Columbia " 59
DUMB-BELL EXERCISES 61
First Series »'»1
Second Series »'»4
Third Series »'«;
Fourth Series .... 68
3
4 CONTEXTS.
PAGE
GRADED CLASSIFICATION OF EXERCISES .... 70
Children of Five to Seven Years 70
For Children of Eight to Ten Years 71
Children of Eleven to Thirteen Years 72
For Children of Fourteen to Sixteen Years ::)
ESTHETIC EXERCISES 74
MlLlT.VKY BIOVBMKHT8 74
Facings 74
To March in a Direct Line 74
To March in Doable Time 75
T Halt 75
Side Step 75
Back Step 76
To March to the Hear 76
To Mark Time 76
To File Right or Left 76
To March by the Flank 77
To Countermarch 77
To Form Class in Two Ranks 77
Exhibition Figure* 7^
The Square
The Circle
The Spiral . 81
The Wreath 82
The Star 80
The Bower - ;
MUSIC
Yankee Doodle
Red. White, and Blue S6
Hail Columbia Qfj
Battle Hymn of the Republic
Our Bright Starry Banner
There's Mnsic in the Air
The Happy Feasants
Tne Pleasant Spring Has Come Again 96
Tell Me Where Do Fairies Dwell 98
A Rosy Crown We Twin 10]
The Sun Is Glowing ln:j
Who Shall Be Fairest ? 106
Killarney .... 108
Opening Flower- Ill
INTRODUCTION.
>^*c
Smart's Manual of School Gymnastics is based upon Smart's
Manual of Free Gymnastics and Dumb-bell Exercises, a book which,
published at a time when the importance of physical training was
just beginning to be recognized by the educators of the country, has
for many years held its place in the favor of teachers and been very
influential in spreading the practice of physical exercise in the
schools of the country. The work has undergone a thorough re-
vision ; old exercises have been rearranged, new series have been
added, and such modifications have been made as our present
knowledge and understanding of physical training have rendered
necessary. The cuts are all new and are very numerous, illustrat-
ing every essential point in the exercises.
Importance of Early Physical Training. — The necessity
of physical culture is so generally recognized at the present day
that no system of education is considered good without it. "A
sound mind in a sound body," has passed into a proverb. And,
indeed, to one who reflects at all upon the amount of physical dis-
ability and suffering which could have been prevented by the
knowledge of right living put into practice, it seems of paramount
importance that this knowledge and practice should be widely
disseminated. And when we consider the vast amount of time
often consumed in adult years simply in striving to regain health,
lost through lack of attention at an earlier time to the physical
needs of our being — time necessarily taken from active physical
INTRODUCTION.
and mental and artistic exertions which would add to the wealth
and the wisdom and the beauty of the world — we are led to see
clearly that the "ounce of prevention" is fully worth the "pound
of cure," and that the time and effort spent in laying the founda-
tions of a sound physical constitution, are expended along the
lines of the most rigid economy.
There are certain conditions requisite to the attainment of
a perfect physical development. Over some of these the teacher
can exercise only an indirect control; but others come immedi-
ately within his or her province. These conditions may be
summed up as follows: Nourishing, wholesome food; suitable,
loose clothing, such as will keep the body at a normal tempera-
ture and allow the perfect action of the vital organs and freedom
of motion ; pure air, one of the most essential and least regarded
requirements ; and such exercise, either spontaneous or gymnastic,
as will bring all the muscles of the body into play, increasing their
size and strength. The matter of food and clothing must neces-
sarily be left to the parents and guardians of the children, though
much can be done by way of suggestion and in the teaching of
physiology and hygiene to induce right habits in these respects.
But the hollow chests, crooked bodies, limp muscles, and general
weakness of many school children are due, in large measure,
to the positions in which they stand or sit in school, to the
necessary confinement and quietude of the body during school
hours, and to the poor ventilation of the class-rooms. When
special attention is not given to the postures of the children and
to ventilation, and intermissions between the mental work are
not frequent, the children are bound to suffer, and the hours of
active play hardly suffice to overcome the evil effects.
It must also be remembered that the positions maintained dur-
ing school hours and the habit of physical inertia then contracted,
while they awake in a naturally active child a desire for freedom
INTRODUCTION. "
which often spends itself in mischief, will have the opposite effect
upon a quiet child with no exuberance of spirits. Vigorous exer-
cise will afford the one an opportunity for the expenditure of the
overplus of physical energy, and will stimulate the other into bodily
activity. In both cases, the discipline of the school will be improved
and the power of concentrated mental work greatly increased.
When a child has acquired the habit of sitting and standing in a
stooped position, and the muscles which should hold the body erect
are weakened from being constantly relaxed, it is almost useless to
command him to " sit up straight." For a moment, the injunction
will be obeyed; but, finding the effort painful, the child will soon
unconsciously return to his former position. The only effective
means of overcoming the evil is by exercising the weakened muscles
to strengthen and develop them ; and the exercises which do this
will, at the same time, strain the frame of the body into the right po-
sition. This strain is continued for only a few moments at consider-
able intervals, and is made while the whole mind is given to the
effort. Then the strain is removed; but the muscles have been
used, and gradually the shoulders and head will become erect.
Cautions about the air of sleeping-rooms and talks about the
value of walking and climbing and of all out-door sports can be
given by the teacher, and much influence thus be brought to bear
upon the lives of the children outside of the school.
Object of the Book. — It is often impossible for the schools
to be provided with well-equipped gymnasiums, and there is this
further objection in most communities to such gymnasiums, that
they render necessary the appointment of a trained teacher. The
object of this book is to provide the regular grade teacher with
series of exercises of such a character, and so arranged, that they
require no special training on the part of the instructor, and can be
performed by the classes in any large school-room without the aid
of apparatus, excepting dumb-bells.
8 INTRODUCTION.
The Calisthenium. — It is, however, very desirable to set aside
a room, whenever possible, in which the separate classes can exer-
cise, and schools which have a covered playground can use it for
that purpose. The floor of such a room should be laid out in
squares, as shown in the diagram on page 10, the pupils taking
their positions as indicated. The squares should be large enough
to allow the pupils to exercise freely without danger of collision.
The calisthenium should be kept as nearly as possible at a
temperature of 60° Fahr. This is a good mean temperature, and
the pupils will not be apt to become overheated while exercising or
to take cold if, for any reason, they stop their practice. As the
amount of oxygen exhausted during extra physical exertion is very
large, great care should be observed in regard to ventilation. The
room should also be kept scrupulously free from dust, so that no
impurities shall be breathed in with the deep inhalations accom-
panying exercise.
Use of Class-room for Calisthenic Purposes. — When it
is impossible to reserve a room for calisthenic purposes, the class-
room can readily be used. The pupils should stand in the aisles,
the positions which they should take being indicated by small
crosses, squares, circles, or foot-marks made of two straight lines
meeting at an angle of G0°, painted on the floor. The last
method will help the pupils to keep the toes turned out at the
proper angle.
The use of the class-room as a calisthenium has this advantage,
that the classes can be practiced in the free exercises for short
periods of, say, two minutes several times a day and at any hour.
Even when regular practice is had in a calisthenium, the teacher
will find that the free exercises can be used to great advantage to
rest and refresh the pupils between the various lessons. The neces-
sity of distribution of the dumb-bells would, of course, prevent
such frequent practice with them. When the pupils are exercised
INTRODUCTION. 9
in the class-room, the air should be thoroughly freshened, the
windows being lowered during the exercise and closed just before
it is finished.
Time for Practice. — It is injurious to the digestion to exer-
cise vigorously immediately before or for an hour after any meal.
This rule is grounded upon well-known physiological reasons and
should be strictly observed. If the pupils are urged to practice
out of school hours, the teacher should caution them very carefully
upon this point. Exercise in the morning is generally the most
beneficial.
Music. — This is an essential feature of class practice, and may
be played, sung, or whistled during the exercises. The use of
music will insure regularity and uniformity in the movements
of the class, and help to give a spirit and force to the lesson not
easily induced in any other way. Vocal accompaniments are espe-
cially beneficial in exercises adapted to them, as they clear the
voice, expand the chest, and strengthen the lungs.
Recognizing the difficulty of obtaining the musical selections
recommended for some of the exercises, the publishers have col-
lected these and placed them at the bacl^ of the book. They will
be found sufficient for all purposes and will much increase the
value and usefulness of the book.
Dress. — It is essential that the clothing of the pupils, especially
during exercise, should be loose enough to allow free play to all
the muscles of the body. For this reason, where it is convenient,
special gymnasium suits are very desirable, patterns for which can
be obtained at any fashion bazaar. As the use of these suits
would be impracticable in many cases, cautions about having the
sleeves and waists of dresses loose enough to be comfortable for
exercise may prove profitable.
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10
MANUAL OF SCHOOL GYMNASTICS.
>n*;°<
FREE GYMNASTICS.
STANDING POSITIONS.
The power of standing easily and gracefully in an erect
posture seems to be a rare accomplishment. Of course, it
is not always necessary to keep the body in the strict mili-
tary attitude, but there are many customary positions which
should never be taken. In standing, the hips should always
be well back, the abdomen in, the chest forward, and the
head erect with the chin in. If the body is in the right
posture, it should be possible to see the toes by simply
dropping the head without changing the position of the
shoulders.
The habit of always standing with the weight on one leg
will cause one hip and shoulder to grow higher than the
other. This is an ugly deformity, and every precaution
should be taken in the formative years to guard against it.
In the standing positions, the body has the greatest free-
dom of movement and is capable of the most vigorous
exertion.
EXERCISES FOR THE CHEST: FIRST SERIES.
The free exercises for the chest are frequently more
beneficial, especially for young children, than when the
11
12
FREE GYMNASTICS.
same exercises are performed with dumb-bells. When the
exercises are free, the chest receives the principal benefit ;
whereas, when a weight is carried in the hands, the muscles
of the arms are chiefly exercised. It is absolutely neces-
sary that the right position of the body should be preserved
throughout the exercises, and that they should be done
with some vigor, or they will completely lose their value.
Position. — Stand erect ; heels as near together as possible, and on
the same line ; toes turned out equally, forming with each other an
angle of about 60° : knees straight without stiffness ; shoulders square
and falling equally : arms hanging naturally by the side, with elbows
near the body ; hands firmly closed ; head well set. and eyes directly
to the front. Eig. 1.
At the word of command, in this and in the following exercises, the
pupil should take the positions promptly, with decision, and in perfect
time.
1. Right hand on chest. Fig. 2.
2. Right hand thrown horizontally to front,
with force. Fig. 2.
3. Right hand on chest.
4. Position. Fig. 1.
Repeat Xos. 1 to 4 four times.
5. Left hand on chest, as right hand in No. 1.
6. Left hand thrown horizontally to front, as
right hand in Xo. 2.
7. Left hand on chest.
8. Position. Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Repeat Nos. 5 to 8 four times.
9. Both hands on chest, as in Xos.
10. Both hands thrown horizontally to front.
11. Both hands on chest.
12. Position. Fig. 1.
1 and 5.
Fig. 2.
Repeat Xos. 9 to 12 four times.
STANDING POSITIONS — CHEST.
13
13. Right hand on chest. Fig. 3.
14. Right hand thrown horizontally to the right, with
force. Fig. 3.
15. Right hand on chest.
16. Position.
Repeat Nos. 13 to 16 four times.
17. Left hand on chest. Fig. 3.
rO
gn:_
era
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
18. Left hand thrown horizontally to the left.
19. Left hand on chest.
20. Position.
Fig. 3.
Repeat Nos. 17 to 20 four times.
21.
Both hands on chest.
22.
Both hands thrown horizontally to the right and left
Fig. 3.
23.
Both hands on chest.
24.
Position.
Repeat Nos. 21 to 24 four times.
14
FREE* GYMNASTICS.
26. Right hand on chest. Fig. 4.
26. Eight hand thrown perpendicularly upward. Fig. 4.
27. Eight hand on chest.
28. Position.
Fig. i.
Repeat Nos. 25 to 28 four times.
29. Left hand on chest. Fig. 4.
30. Left hand thrown perpendicularly upward.
Fig. 4.
31. Left hand on chest.
32. Position. Fig. 4.
Repeat Xos. 29 to 32 four times.
33. Both hands on chest.
34. Both hands thrown perpendicularly up-
ward.
35. Both hands on chest.
36. Position.
Repeat Xos. 33 to 36 four times.
EXERCISES FOR THE CHEST; SECOND
SERIES.
Position. — Same as in First Series.
1. Right hand under arm and close to
body. Fig. 5.
2. Position, throwing the hand down-
ward forcibly. Fig. 5.
Repeat Xos. 1 and 2 eight times.
3. Left hand under arm. Fig. 5.
4. Position, throwing the hand down-
ward forcibly. Fig. 5.
Repeat Nos. 3 and 4 eight times.
Fig. 5.
STANDING POSITIONS — CHEST.
15
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Both hands under arms.
Position.
Repeat Nos. 5 and 6 —-'-
eight times.
Repeat Nos. 1 to 6 with
hands open.
Both hands on chest,
with fingers closed.
Fig. 6.
Both hands on shoul-
ders. Fig. 6.
Bight hand thrown hori-
zontally to the right. fig. e.
Fig. 6.
Bight hand on shoulder. Fig. 6.
Repeat Nos. 9 and 10 secen times.
Left hand thrown horizontally to left. Fig. 6.
Left hand on shoulder. Fig. 6.
Repeat Xos. 11 and 12 eight times.
13. Both hands thrown horizontally right
and left. Fig. 6.
14. Both hands on shoulders. Fig. 7.
Repeat Xos. 13 and 14 eight times.
Repeat Xos. 9 to 14 with hands open.
15. Bight hand thrown upward perpen-
dicularly, fingers closed. Fig. 7.
16. Bight hand on shoulder. Fig. 7.
Repeat Xos. 15 a,,,! 16 eight times.
17. Left hand thrown upward perpendicu-
larly. Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.
16
FREE GYMNASTICS,
18. Left hand on shoulder. Fig. 7.
Repeat Nos. 17 and 18 eight times.
19. Both hands thrown perpendicularly upward. Fig. 7.
20. Both hands on shoulders. Fig. 7.
Repeat Nos. 19 and 20 eight times.
Repeat Xos. 15 to 20 icith hands open.
21. Both hands on chest. Fig. 7.
22. Position. Fig. 7.
EXERCISES FOR THE CHEST: THIRD SERIES.
Position -Same as in First Series, but with the fingers extended,
as shown in" Fig. 8. The hands should always describe arcs of a circle,
as indicated by the dotted lines. References are to Fuj. 8.
L. Swing right hand to the
right to c, forming an
angle of 45° with the
body, and back to po-
sition, eight times.
2. Swing left hand to the
left to d, forming an
angle of 45° with the
body, and back to po-
sition, eight times.
3. Swing both hands from
body to c and d, and
back to position, eight
times.
4. Swing right hand to the
right to e, forming a right' angle with the body, and
back to position, eight times.
5 Swing left hand to the left to /, forming a right angle
with the body, and back to position, eight times.
Fig. 8.
STANDING POSITIONS — CHEST.
17
6. Swing both hands from the body to e and /, and back
to position, eight time*.
(a) Throw both hands from the body to e and /. This is the
position for the following exercises. The unused hand
should be kept at e or /. as it is right or left. References
are to Fig. '•>.
7. Swing right hand down to a
and back to e, eight times.
8. Swing left hand down to b
and back to /, eight times.
0. Swing both hands down to e '
a and b and back to e
and /, eight times.
10. Swing right hand up to g
and back to e, eight times.
11. Swing left hand up to h
and back to /, eight times.
12. Swing both hands up to
g and h and back to e
and/, eight times.
Fig. 9.
(6) Throw both hands up to g and h. This is the position for
the following exercises. The unused hand should be kept
at g or h. as it is right or left. References are to Fig. 9.
13. Swing right hand down to e and back to g, four times.
14. Swing left hand down to /and back to /i, four times.
15. Swing both hands down to e and /and back to g and h,
four times.
(c) Take original position, with hands falling at a and b. Refer-
ences are t<> Fig. '•'.
1(). Swing right hand up to g and back to position, eight
times.
17. Swing left hand up to h and back to position, eight
times.
school ovrvASTics —2
18
FREE GYMNASTICS.
18. Strike both hands overhead, then bring them down and
strike behind the body, eight times.
19. Position.
ARM-SWINGING EXERCISES.
The arm-swinging exercises are valuable chest exercises,
and really bring into play most of the muscles of the body
between the waist and the neck.
Position. — Same as in Chest Exercises : First Series. References
are to Fig. 10.
1. Swing hands together in
front to c and d, and
back to position at a and
b. Repeat sixteen times.
2. Clap hands once in front
and swing back to posi-
tion, sixteen times.
(a) Bring hands together at
c and d (Eig. 10).
The following exercises
must he performed
without bending the
body. Keep hand not
used at c or d, as it is
right or left. Refer-
ences are to Fig. 10.
rsa.
Fig. 10.
3.
Swing right hand to right to e, or as far back as possi-
ble without twisting the body, and back to c, eight
times.
Swing left hand to left to /, and back to d, eight times.
Swing both hands apart to right and left, and strike
them together in front, sixteen times. (This is an
excellent exercise for weak lungs.)
(6) Take original position with hands at a and b (Eig. 10).
STANDING POSITIONS — ARM-SWINGING.
19
6. Swing both arms to right and then to left, bending the
body forward a little, sixteen times. Fig. 11.
7. Strike the hands together in front, bending backward a
little from the waist, and then behind the body, bend-
ing forward from the waist, sixteen times. Fig. 12.
(c) Bend the body forward a little, and bring hands together
in front at c and d (Fig. 10).
2$
&"
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.
8. Swing right hand to right and back to front, as in No.
3, eight times.
9. Swing left hand to left and back to front, as in No. 4,
eight times.
10. Swing both hands apart and back, and strike them to-
gether in front, as in Xo. 5, sixteen times.
{d) Take original position with hands at sides. References are
to Fiij. 13.
11. Describe a circle with the right hand, moving it forward
from position, eight times,
20
FREE GYMNASTICS.
12. Describe a circle with the left hand, moving it forward
from position, eight times.
13. Describe circles with both hands,
moving them forward from posi-
tion, eight times.
14. Describe a circle with the right
hand, moving it backward from
position, eight times.
15. Describe a circle with the left hand,
moving it backward from posi-
tion, eight times.
16. Describe circles with both hands,
moving them backward from po-
sition, eight times.
Fig. 13.
ARM AND SHOULDER EXERCISES.
These exercises are intended to develop the muscles of the
arms. At the same time, they throw the chest
forward and bring the shoulders down and back.
Position. — Same as in Chest Exercises : Third
Series. Fig. 14.
1. Raise and lower right shoulder as much as
possible, four times. Fig. 14.
2. Raise and lower left shoulder, as right in
No. 1, four times. Fig. 14.
3. Raise and lower both shoulders, as right in
No. 1, four times.
Note. — If rightly performed, the above exercises
strengthen the muscles of the side and back, as well as
of the shoulders.
(a) Close fingers and turn backs of hands to front.
4. Draw up right arm, bending the elbow and wrist,
Fig. 15,
Fig. 14
STANDING POSITIONS— ARM AM) SIK dLDER.
21
5. Position, sending arm down forcibly. Fig. 15
Repeat Nos: 4 and 5 four times.
6. Draw up left arm, bending elbow and
7.
wrist. Fig. 15.
8.
9.
10.
Position, sending arm down forcibly.
Fig. 15.
Repeat Xos. 6 and 7 four times.
Alternate, drawing up left arm as right
is sent back to position, and eke versa,
eight times.
Draw up both arms, as in Nos. 4 and 6.
Position.
Repeat Xos. 9 and 10 four times.
Fig. 15.
11.
(b) Turn palms of hands to front, keeping the fingers tightly-
closed. Fig. 16.
Bend right elbow and wrist with effort, until forearm
is close to upper arm, and middle joints of fingers
touch upper arm. Fig. 16.
12. Position. Fig. 16.
Repeat Xos. 11 and 12 four times.
13. Bend left elbow and wrist with effort, as right
in No. 11.
14. Position.
Repeat Xos. 13 and 14 four times.
15. Bend both elbows and wrists, as right in
No. 11.
16. Position.
Repeat Xos. 15 and 16 four times.
90
FREE GYMNASTICS.
(<*) Bend right elbow and wrist as in No. 11. Fig. 16.
17. Throw right arm to horizontal position in front.
18. Right arm as in No. 11.
Repeat Nos. 17 and IS four times.
19. Position.
(f?) Bend left elbow and wrist, as in No. 13.
20. Throw left arm to horizontal position in front.
21. Left arm as in No. 13.
Repeat Nos. 20 and 21 four times.
22. Position.
O) Bend both elbows and wrists, as in Nos. 11 and 13.
23. Throw both arms to horizontal position in front.
24. Both arms as in Nos. 11 and 13.
Repeat Nos. 23 and 24 four times.
(f) Lower both forearms until they are horizontal, turning
palms toward each other and keeping the fingers tightly-
closed. Fig. 17.
25. Bend right wrist inward and outward with
as much effort as possible, eight times.
Fig. 17.
26. Bend left wrist, as right in No. 25, eight
times. Fig. 17.
27. Bend both wrists, as right in No. 25, eight
times.
(g) Keep the fingers closed and bend forward
from waist, as shown in Fig. 18.
28. Throw left arm forward and downward,
at the same time bending right elbow
and bringing right arm back as far as
fig. 17. possible. Fig. 18.
STANDING POSITIONS — KNEE AND FOOT.
23
29. Throw right arm forward and
downward, at the same time
bending left elbow and bring-
ing left arm back as far as
possible.
Repeat Nos. 28 and 29 eight times.
30. Position.
31. Twist the arms as much as pos-
sible, turning the hands toward
the front and around.
Note. — The motion given in No. 31
throws the body into the right attitude, and
strengthens the muscles of the back, espe-
cially across the shoulders.
Fig. 18.
KNEE AND FOOT EXERCISES.
Position-. — Stand erect, hands on hips, and fingers front.
1. Raise the body slowly on the toes as high as possible,
and then lower slowly to position, eight times.
2. Raise the body on the toes slowly, and then lower it
slowly, but do not allow heels to touch the floor.
Raise and lower thus without touching the heels to
the floor, eight times. (This exercise will require
considerable practice before the children will be able
to keep their balance without resting the heels upon
the floor.)
Note. — The above exercises strengthen the muscles of the legs
and feet.
3. Throw the weight of the body upon the right foot.
Raise the left foot, straighten the left knee, and
stretch the leg out slightly toward the front. Bend
the left foot at the ankle up and down, eight times.
doing the exercise with all possible effort.
04 FREK GYMNASTICS.
4. Perform No. 3 with right foot, throwing weight on left
foot
5. Throw the weight on the right foot, and raise the left.
as in No. •'». Twist the foot at the ankle, eight times.
doing it by trying to describe a circle with the toes.
6. Perform No. 5 with right foot, throwing weight on left
foot.
Xote.— Xos. 3 to 6 strengthen the ankle muscles and the muscles
of the leg below the knee. At first, the children will need to steady
themselves, by resting the hand upon some object.
7. Step forward one pace of twelve inches with right foot.
throwing body forward over right foot, the weight
resting upon right leg. and right knee being bent as
much as possible. Keep left knee straight with left
foot planted lightly in its first position on the floor.
(To prove that the weight is thrown on right leg. raise
left foot slightly several times, lightly tapping the floor
with it. If the body is rightly balanced over right
foot, the pose will not be disturbed by this movement.)
8. Straighten the right knee, throwing the body back,
and allow- the weight to rest upon the left foot,
which is kept in the same position as before.
Repeat Xos. 7 and 8 eight times.
9. Same as No. 7. reversing the use of the feet.
10. Same as Xo. 8. reversing the use of the feet.
Repeat Xos. 9 and 10 eight times.
11. Spread feet a little apart and swing body to right and
left, throwing the weight upon right and then upon
left foot. Keep shoulders and head erect and in
position during this exercise, the motion being en-
tirely from the hips, waist, and limbs, the upper part
of body being at rest and only carried to right or
left by the motion of the lower part of the body.
LKDING POSITIONS— THE SPINE.
EXERI IS S STRENGTHEN THE SPINE.
Posi S nd erect, hands on hips, and fing
1. Raise the body <>n the «-
sible. Fig. 19.
S :ik the body down as near the floor as pos-
sible, still resting on the : ig. 19.
i?*7 ■ • v v ;
3. Place the hands on the floor.
4. Thrust the feet forward and sit down.
with knees straight, feet together, and
hands resting upon knee-. Kg. _
5. Bend body backward and lie down, with-
out touching bauds on floor or bending
km - - _
6. Raise body to former sitting posture, with-
out touching hands or elbows on floor,
or bending knees. (This exercise will require some
practice before it can be done as directed. Until
the muscles of the back are strengthened, the
pupil should be
allowed to aid ^.
himself a lit: )g^
5 and
7. Draw feet back to
position favora-
ble for spring- F,c ' aL
to standing position.
8. Place hands on floor.
Lhrow l> nd and spring to standing position.
Repeat Nos. 1 1 uf once.
T '
2G
FREE GYMNASTICS.
BENDING EXERCISES.
The following exercises strengthen either the muscles of
the waist and abdomen, or of the neck. The tendency to
stooping shoulders is frequently caused by the waist mus-
cles being too feeble to carry the upper part of the body
(which should be supported from the waist) in an erect
position. If the shoulders are stooped, the head cannot be
held erect ; and, on the other hand, if the head is bent, the
shoulders naturally fall forward. But if the head is erect
and thrown well back, with the chin in, the chest will be
thrown forward and the shoulders back. The following
exercises are, therefore, valuable in the development of
the chest.
Position. — Stand erect, with hands on hips and fingers front.
Throughout the exercises, be careful to keep the knees straight.
Fig. 21.
Fig. 22.
Bend body to front as far as possible, and back to
position, four times. Fig. 21.
STANDING POSITIONS — BENDING.
2. Bend body to right as far as possible, and back to posi-
tion, four times. Fig. 22.
3. Bend body backward as far as possible, and forward to
position, four times. Fig. 21.
4. Bend body to left as far as possible, and back to posi-
tion, four times. Fig. 22.
Fi<;. 23
Fig. 24.
5. Bend body to front, as in No. 1, and then backward,
as in Xo^ 3. Kepeat this forward and back move-
ment four times, stopping at position the fourth time.
Fig. 21.
6. Bend body to right, as in Xo. 2, then to left, as in
Xo. 4. Kepeat this right and left bending four times,
stopping at position the fourth time. Fig. 22.
7. Swing the body round from the waist in a rotary motion,
four times. Fig. 23.
8. Twist body to the right, and back to position, four times.
Fig. 24.^
9. Twist body to the left, and back to position, four times.
Fig. 24/
28
FREE GYMNASTICS.
10. Twist body to right, then to left. Repeat this right
and left twisting four times, stopping at position the
fourth time. Fig. 24.
11. Turn head to right without bending it,
until chin is over right shoulder, and
back to position, four times. Fig. 25.
12. Turn head to left without bending it,
until chin is over left shoulder, and
back to position, four times. Fig. 25.
13. Turn head to right, as in Xo. 11, and
then to left, as in Xo. 12. Eepeat
this right and left movement four
times, stopping at position the fourth
time.
14. Bow head in front, and lift to position,
four times. Fig. 26.
15. Tip head backward, and lift to position,
four times. Fig. 26.
Bow head in front, as in Xo. 14. and then
tip backward, as in Xo. 15. Repeat this
front and back movement four times, stop-
ping at position the fourth time. Fig. 26.
Tip the head backward as far as possible.
Keeping the head back, twist it to the
right and left, and endeavor to see the
floor behind.
16
Fig. 23
Note. — Xo. 17 is an excellent exercise for bringing
the head into the proper position.
(a) 1. Raise the body on the toes as high as pos-
sible. Fi<_ r . 19 (page 25).
2. Sink the body down as near the floor as
possible, still resting on the toes. Fig. 19. Ym. 26.
3. Place the hands on the floor.
4. Raise the body slightly on the hands, thrust the feet for-
ward and sit down, with hands on hips, fingers front.
STANDING POSITIONS — BENDING. 20
18. Bend body to the front, and back to position, four
times.
19. Bend body to right, resting on right elbow, and back
to position, four times.
20. Bend body to left, resting on left elbow, and back to
position, four times.
21. Bend body to right, then to left. Repeat this right
and left movement four times, stopping at position
the fourth time.
22. Swing body round from the waist in a rotary motion,
four time*.
'J'.k Turn head to right without bending it, and back to
position, four times.
24. Turn head to left without bending it, and back to posi-
tion, four tim'-s.
25. Turn head to right, then to left. Repeat this right
and left movement four times, stopping at position
the fourth time.
26. Bow head in front, and lift to position, four times.
27. Tip head backward, and lift to position, four times.
28. Bow head in front, and then tip backward. Repeat
this forward and back movement four times, stopping
at position the fourth time.
29. Bend body to front and back to position.
30. Bend body to right, resting on right elbow, and back
to position.
31. Bend body to left, resting on left elbow, and back to
position.
Repeat Xns. 29 to 31 four times.
(6) 1. Draw feel back to position favorable for springing i<>
standing position.
2. Place the hands on the floor.
3. Throw the body forward and spring to standing position.
with hands at side.
30
FREE GYMNASTICS.
STEPPING EXERCISES.
The Stepping Exercises are intended to generate an easy,
swinging motion, and will help to render the carriage grace-
ful in walking.
Position. — Stand erect, with hands on hips and fingers front.
Keep the body perpendicular. Fig. 27.
1. Step forward one pace with right
foot, and back to position, eight
times.
2. Left foot same as right foot.
3. Step backward one pace with right
foot, and back to position, eight
times.
4. Left foot same as right foot.
5. Side-step to right one pace w r ith
right foot, and back to position,
eight times.
6. Side-step to left one pace with
left foot, and back to position,
eight times.
7. Jump from position, spreading feet as wide apart as
possible, and back to position, eight times. Fig. 27.
Repeat Nos. 1 to 7 :
With arms folded.
With hands clasped behind the head, keeping the body
erect.
8. Advance right foot four paces of nine inches each.
Xote. — This is done by advancing the right foot and bringing the
left to its side, and then again advancing the right foot.
9. Step back to position in four paces.
Repeat Nos. 8 and 9 four times.
Fig. 21
STANDING POSITIONS — STEPPING. 31
10. Advance left foot same as right foot in No. 8.
11. Step back to position with left foot.
Repeat Xos. lu and 11 four times.
12. Step backward with right foot four paces of nine inches
each.
13. Advance to position with right foot.
Repeat Nos. 12 and 13 four times.
14. Step backward with left foot as with right in No. 12.
lo. Advance to position with left foot.
Repeat Xos. 14 and 15 four times.
16. Side-step to right with right foot, four paces.
17. Step back to position, side-stepping with the left foot.
Repeat Xos. 16 and 17 four times.
18. Side-step to left with left foot four paces.
19. Step back to position, side-stepping with right foot.
Repeat Xos. 18 and 19 four times.
20. Jump from position, spreading the feet as in Xo. 7.
Place left foot beside right and jump from position
again, repeating this exercise in all four times.
21. Reverse No. 20, jumping back to position in four jumps,
bringing right foot to side of left after each jump.
22. Jump from position, bringing right foot to side of left,
four times.
23. Jump back to position in four jumps, bringing left foot
to side of right.
24. Jump from position, spreading the feet in four paces,
as indicated by the dotted foot-lines in Fig. 27.
25. Jump back to position in four paces.
Repeat Xos. 24 and 25 four times.
32
FREE GYMNASTICS.
Repeat Nos. 8 to 25 :
117^ arms folded.
With hands clasped behind the head, keeping the body
erect.
7&b
WRIST AND FINGER EXERCISES.
The Wrist and Finger Exercises especially develop the
muscles of the wrists and hands ; but if they are performed
with enough effort, they will also exercise, to a great degree,
the muscles of the arms.
Position. — Stand erect with hands at side and fingers firmly closed.
1. Twist right hand as in boring with a
gimlet, four times.
2. Open right hand, spreading fingers
apart, and shut, four times.
3. Twist left hand four times.
4. Open and shut left hand four times.
o. Twist both hands four times.
6. Open and shut both hands four times.
(a) Raise forearm of right arm to horizon-
tal position in front. Fig. 28 (a).
7. Twist right hand four times.
8. Open and shut right hand four times.
(&) 1. Right arm in position.
2. Raise forearm of left arm to hori-
zontal position in front, as right
arm in Fig 28 (a).
9. Twist left hand four times.
10. Open and shut left hand four times.
(c) 1. Left arm in position.
2, Raise both forearms to horizontal position m front.
STANDING POSITIONS— WRIST AND FINGER.
11. Twist both bauds four times.
12. Open and shut both hands four times.
().
(J. Bend left arm, tipper arm being horizontal and forearm
perpendicular. Fig. 29 (c).
SCHOOL GYMNASTICS — 3
Fig. 29.
34
FREE GYMNASTICS.
21. Twist left hand four time*.
22. Open and shut left hand four times.
(i) 1. Left arm horizontal in front.
2. Left hand on chest.
3. Position.
4. Both hands on chest.
5. Both arms horizontal in front.
6. Bend both arms, upper arms beinj
arms perpendicular.
horizontal and fore-
23. Twist both hands four times.
24. Open and shut both hands four times.
(j) 1. Both arms horizontal in
front.
2. Both hands on chest,
3. Position.
4. Right hand on chest.
5. Right arm extended hori-
zontally to right. Fig.
30.
25.
Twist right hand four times.
26.
Open and shut right hand four
times.
(k) 1. Right hand on chest.
2. Position.
3. Left hand on chest.
4. Left arm horizontal to left,
as right in Fig. 30.
Fig. 30.
27. Twist left hand/o?«/' times.
28. Open and shut left hand four times.
(I) 1. Left hand on chest.
2. Position.
3. Both hands on chest.
4. Both arms horizontal to right and left,
29. Twist both hands four times.
30. Open and shut both hands four times.
STANDING POSITIONS— WRIST AND FINGER. 36
(m) 1. Both hands on chest.
2. Position.
3. Right hand on chest.
4. Right arm horizontal to right.
5. Bend right arm, upper arm being horizontal and forearm
perpendicular, as left arm in Fig. 30.
31. Twist right hand four times.
32. Open and shut right hand four times.
(») 1. Bight arm horizontal to right.
2. Bight hand on chest,
3. Position.
4. Left hand on chest
5. Left arm horizontal to left.
6. Bend left arm, upper arm being horizontal and forearm
perpendicular. Fig. 30.
33. Twist left hand four times.
34. Open and shut left hand/ou/- times.
(o) 1. Left arm horizontal to left.
2. Left hand on chest.
3. Position.
4. Both hands on chest.
5. Both arms horizontal right and left.
6. Bend both arms, upper arms being horizontal and fore-
arms perpendicular.
35. Twist both hands four times.
36. Open and shut both hands four times.
(p) 1. Both arms horizontal right and left.
2. Both hands on chest.
3. Position.
4. Bight hand on chest.
5. Bight arm perpendicular.
37. Twist right hand four times.
38. Open and shut right hand four times.
(q) 1. Right hand on chest.
2. Position.
3. Left hand on chest.
4. Left arm perpendicular.
36 FREE GYMNASTICS.
39. Twist left hand four times.
40. Open and shut left hand four times.
(;•) 1. Left hand on chest.
2. Position.
3. Both hands on chest.
4. Both arms perpendicular.
41. Twist both hands four times.
42. Open and shut both hands four times.
(s) 1. Both hands on chest.
2. Position.
A SERIES OF EXERCISES ADAPTED TO THE TUNE OF
"RED. WHITE, AND BLUE." 1
Position. — Stand erect, with feet parallel and three inches apart,
hands on hips, and ringers front.
1. Advance right foot four paces of nine inches each.
2. Both hands on chest, fingers closed.
3. Throw right hand to front and bring to chest again
with force, four times.
4. Same as No. 3 with left hand.
5. Same as No. 3 with both hands.
6. Throw right hand forward, and as it is brought back
to chest, throw the left forward. Alternate thus four
times.
7. Strike hands together in front eight times.
8. Both hands on chest.
9. Throw right hand to the right, and back to chest, four
times.
10. Throw left hand to left, and back to chest, four times.
11. Both hands thrown to right and left, and back to chest,
four times.
1 The music for this and other exercises adapted to music, will be found
at the back of the book, beginning on page 86.
STANDING POSITIONS — "RED, WHITE, AND BLUE." 37
12. Throw right hand to iiLrlit. and as it is brought to chest,
throw left hand to left. Alternate thus four times.
13. Strike hands together in front eight times.
14 Both hands on chest.
15. Throw right hand perpendicularly upward, and back to
chest, four times.
16. Same as No. 15 with left hand.
17. Same as Xo. 15 with both hands.
18. Throw right hand perpendicularly upward, and as it is
brou glit to chest, throw left hand perpendicularly
upward. Alternate thus four times.
19. Strike hands together overhead eight times.
2<>. Both hands on chest,
21. Both hands on hips.
22. Both hands on chest.
1'.*'.. Strike hands together in front eight times.
24. Both hands on chest.
25. Both hands on hips.
26. Both hands on chest.
27. Strike hands together overhead eight times.
28. Both hands on chest.
29. Both hands on hips.
.'5E "BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC."
Position. — Same as in First Series.
1. Right hand on chest, thrown horizontally to front, back
to chest, and then to position. Repeat four times.
2. Left hand same as right in Xo. 1.
l>. Both hands same as right in No. 1.
4. Right hand on chest, thrown horizontally to right, back
to chest, and then to position. Repeal four tin
5. Left hand on chest, thrown horizontally to left, back to
chest, and then to position. Repeat four times.
6. Both hands combining Xos. 4 and 5.
7. Right hand on chest, thrown perpendicularly upward,
back to chest, and then to position. Repeat four
tin-
8. Left hand same as right hand in Xo. 7.
9. Both hands same as right hand in No. 7.
(a) Both hands on chest.
10. Right hand thrown horizontally to front, and back to
chest, four tines. (To compensate for the time con-
sumed in bringing both hands to chest for position
(«), as the right hand is brought to chest the fourth
time, throw the left hand forward for the first part
of Xo. 11.)
11. Left hand same as right in Xo. 10.
12. Both hands same as right in Xo. 10.
13. Right hand thrown horizontally to right, and back to
chest, four times.
14. Left hand thrown horizontally to left, and back to
chest, fo>n- Hi
15. Both hands combining Xos. 13 and 14.
44 FREE GYMNASTICS.
16. Right hand thrown perpendicularly upward, and back
to chest, four times.
17. Left hand same as right in No. 16.
18. Both hands same as right in No. 1(>.
19. Resume usual position.
FIVE SERIES OF EXERCISES ADAPTED TO THE TUNE
OF -YANKEE DOODLE."
The following exercises are suitable for intermissions
between lessons, and the first four can be performed either
sitting or standing, the fifth necessarily being done stand-
ing. The music can be hummed, whistled, or sung to the
syllable ha while performing them.
Position-. —Body erect, in either correct standing or sitting post-
ure ; fingers firmly closed.
1. Right hand on chest.
2. Eight arm perpendicular.
3. Right hand on chest.
4. Position.
Repeat Nbs. 1 to 4 four times.
5. Left hand on chest.
6. Left arm perpendicular.
7. Left hand on chest.
8. Position.
Repeat Nos. 5 to 8 four times.
9. Both hands on chest.
10. Both arms perpendicular.
SITTING POSITIONS — "YANKEE DOODLE." 45
1 1 . Both hands on chest.
12. Position.
Repeat Nos. 9 to 12 four times.
Repeat Nos. 1 to 8 fwici.
The above series may be varied by substituting other
motions in place of No. 2 and the corresponding motions
throughout the series, as follows : —
(a) 2. Bight arm horizontal in front.
6. Left arm horizontal in front.
10. Both arms horizontal in front.
(6) 2. Right arm horizontal to right.
fi. Left arm horizontal to left.
10. Both arms horizontal to right and left.
Position. — Correct standing or sitting posture ; lingers closed.
1. Right hand on shoulder.
2. Right hand extended horizontally to right.
3. Right hand on shoulder.
4. Position.
Repeat Nos. 1 to 4 four times.
5. Left hand on shoulder.
6. Left arm extended horizontally to left.
7. Left hand on shoulder.
8. Position.
Repeat Nos. 1 to A four times.
9. Both hands on shoulders.
10. Both hands extended horizontally right and left.
46 FREE GYMNASTICS.
11. Both hands on shoulders.
12. Position.
Repeat Nos. 9 to 12 four times.
Repeat Nos. 1 to 8 twice.
The above series may be varied by substituting the fol-
lowing motions in place of the corresponding numbers in
the series : —
2. Eight arm perpendicular.
6. Left arm perpendicular.
10. Both arms perpendicular.
Position. — Correct standing or sitting posture ; fingers closed.
1. Right hand under arm and close to body.
2. Position. ,_
Repeat Nos. 1 and 2 eight times.
3. Left -hand under arm.
4. Position.
Repeat Nos. 3 and 4 eight times.
5. Both hands under arm.
6. Position.
Repeat Nos. 5 and 6 eight times.
Repeat Nos. 1 to 4 twice.
Repeat Nos. 5 and 6 four times.
Vary the above exercises by substituting the followin
motions in place of the corresponding numbers : —
1. Draw up right hand as in Fig. 15 (page 21).
3. Draw up left hand.
5. Draw up both hands.
SITTING POSITIONS — "YANKEE DOODLE." 47
4.
Position. — Erect standing or sitting posture ; both hands on chest,
with fingers closed.
1. Throw hands forcibly to sides, and back to chest, four
times.
2. Throw hands horizontally right and left, and back to
chest, four times.
3. Throw hands perpendicularly upward, and back to
chest, four times.
4. Throw hands right and left, and back to chest, four
times.
5. Throw hands forcibly to sides, and back to chest, four
times.
6. Throw hands right and left, and back to chest, four
times.
7. Throw hands perpendicularly upward, and back to
chest, four times.
3. Throw hands right and left, and back to chest, four
times.
5.
Position. — Correct standing position ; hands open.
1. Swing both hands to right and left at c and d, Fig. 8
(page 1G), and back to position, four times.
2. Swing both hands to e and /, Fig. 9 (page 17), and
back to position, four times.
3. Swing both hands to g and h, Fig. 9, and back to posi-
tion, four times.
4. Clap hands in front and then behind, Fig. 12 (page 19),
four times.
Repeat Nos. 1 to 4, as given.
BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES.
BREATHING EXERCISES.
Breathing, or respiration, consists of inhalation — the
breathing into the lungs of pure air — and exhalation — the
forcing out of the lungs of the carbonic acid gas there gen-
erated. In order to keep the lungs in a healthy condition, it
is necessary that all the cells of these organs should be filled
with pure air at every inhalation, and that all the carbonic
acid gas should be forced out during exhalation, the air in
the lungs thus being completely changed at every respira-
tion. Owing to the stooped positions assumed by many of
the children, and sometimes, in the case of girls, on account
of the tightness of the clothing about the waist, the lungs
are cramped, and the proper use of the diaphragm and waist
muscles, in pumping the air into and out of the lungs, is
prevented. A full inhalation is accompanied by the expan-
sion of the lower as well as the upper ribs, and the enlarge-
ment of the waist ; and anything which prevents this
expansion is inimical to the healthy condition of the lungs.
The air should be breathed in through the nostrils, and
never through the mouth. Care should be taken to keep
the nasal passages clear, as a slight catarrhal trouble, lead-
ing to the habit of breathing through the mouth, is aggra-
vated by such a habit and is very liable in the end to
seriously affect the lungs.
4b
BREATHING EXERCISES— FIRST SERIES. 40
The breathing of impure air, even for a brief period, is
accompanied by noticeably bad effects, resulting in general
heaviness, fatigue, and headache.
The following series of exercises will be found very bene-
ficial for children and women. People who have weak
lungs should, after filling them with air, tap upon the chest
with the fingers, so as to force the air into all the vesicles.
The force of the percussion may be gradually increased.
Men should, strike upon the chest as hard a blow as they
can bear, always filling the lungs first. This breathing
exercise should be taken every morning before breakfast.
FIRST SERIES.
Position. — Stand erect, with hands on hips and fingers front;
shoulders thrown back and chin slightly raised.
1. Inhale and exhale slowly, and without noise, through
the nostrils, filling the lungs to their utmost capacity.
four times.
2. Inhale and exhale slowly and effusively (with noise)
through the nostrils, four times.
3. Inhale slowly through the nostrils, and exhale forcibly
in four regular puffs, four times.
4. Inhale slowly, without noise, through the nostrils ; in
the same manner exhale through the mouth. Repeat
four times.
5. Inhale slowly and effusively through the nostrils; in
the same manner exhale through the mouth. Repeat
four times.
6. Inhale slowly through the nostrils, and exhale forcibly
through the mouth, in four regular puffs. Repeat
four times.
7. Inhale slowly through the nostrils, and, holding the
breath a moment, exhale explosively through the
SCHOOL GYMNASTICS — 4
50 BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES.
mouth at a signal from the teacher. Repeat four
times.
8. Inhale quickly through the nostrils-, and exhale explo-
sively through the mouth. Repeat four times.
9. Inhale slowly and deeply through the nostrils, beating
a roll upon right chest with both hands ; exhale
explosively through the mouth at a signal from the
teacher. Repeat four times.
10. Same as No. 9, beating a roll upon left chest.
11. Inhale deeply through the nostrils and strike upon chest
with both hands ; exhale slowly through the mouth.
(Those who have weak lungs should not strike too
hard.) Repeat four times.
12. Same as No. 11, but exhale explosively.
13. Pronounce the vowel sounds in an explosive tone, fill-
ing the lungs before delivering each one. Repeat
four times.
14. Fill the lungs and pronounce the syllable ha four times.
Repeat four times.
15. Fill the lungs, and while exhaling give the short sound
of a four times. Repeat four times.
16. Fill the lungs and exhale as slowly as possible, giving
the smooth sound of r. Repeat four times.
Note. — The exercises from No. 13 are good for clearing the voice,
and they will be found very beneficial by singers and all persons who
are in the habit of using the voice very much.
SECOND SERIES.
Position. — Same as in First Series, but with hands at sides.
. Lock the thumbs in front. Inhale slowly and deeply
through the nostrils, and at the same time slowly
raise the hands above the head by describing a semi-
BREATHING EXERCISES — SEC< )X1) SERIES.
il
circle to the front, keeping the thumbs locked and
the elbows straight. Exhale slowly through the
nostrils, at the same time reversing the movements
of the arms and having the hands reach the first
position just as the breath is exhausted. Fig. 31.
Repeat four times.
Same as No. 1, but exhale through the mouth.
Fig. 31.
Fig. 32.
3. Hands at sides with the fingers extended. Inhale
slowly through the nostrils, raising the hands above
the head by describing arcs to the right and left,
reaching the perpendicular position just as the lungs
are filled. Exhale slowly through the nostrils, re-
versing the movements of the arms and having the
hands reach the first position as the breath is ex-
hausted. Fig. 32. Repeat four times.
4. Same as No. 3, but exhale through mouth.
5. Touch the tips of the middle fingers and place the
thumbs against the chest with the palms downward,
the arms being horizontal. Fig. 33. Inhale through
52
BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISER
the nostrils slowly, moving the hands forward in a
horizontal line, until the arms are straight in front
at b in diagram to Fig. 33. Then move the arms
to right and left in arcs of a horizontal circle as
far back as possible, to c and d in diagram to Fig.
33, reaching this posi-
tion as the lungs are
filled with air. Exhale
slowly through nos-
trils, reversing move-
ments of the hands,
and reaching the first
position at a as the
breath is exhausted.
Repeat four times.
6. Same as Xo. 5, but ex-
hale through mouth.
7. Hands at sides, with
fingers extended. In-
hale slowly through
the nostrils, at the
same time raising the
arms to horizontal po-
sition right and left,
keeping the elbows
straight, and reaching
this position just as
the lungs are filled with air. Exhale explosively
through the nostrils, letting the hands drop to sides.
(In this exercise, the hands should simply be allowed
to fall as a dead weight, If it is done rightly, the
arms will swing sideways for a moment or two after
they have fallen to position.) Repeat four times.
Same as No. 7, but exhale through mouth.
Fig. 33.
'• foci
"^Jiridfe""
" b -"" "
Diagram to Fig. 33.
XOM
BREATHING EXERCISES — " HAIL COLUMBIA. 1 ' 53
A BREATHING EXERCISE ADAPTED TO THE TUNE OF
• HAIL COLUMBIA."
Position. — Stand erect, hands at sides with lingers closed.
1. Inhale deeply through the nostrils during the first two
measures.
2. Strike upon left side of chest with right hand.
3. Strike upon right side of chest with left hand.
4. Strike upon left side of chest with right hand.
5. Strike upon right side of chest with left hand.
6. Strike upon left side of chest with right hand.
Nob. 2 to 6 should be performed in two measures, while holding the
breath.
7. Exhale through the mouth during the fifth and sixth
measures.
Repeat Nos. 1 to 7 until the tune is finished.
BREATHING EXERCISES WITH FREE GYMNASTICS.
Many of the breathing exercises can be introduced with
profit into some of the series of Free Exercises in the book,
and especially with those which are intended to develop the
chest. Below is given an illustration of a breathing exer-
cise combined with the First Series of Exercises for the
Chest.
Inhale slowly while performing the following : —
1. Right hand on chest.
2. Right arm horizontal in front.
3. Right hand on chest.
4. Position.
Repent Nbs. 1 to 4 four times.
54 BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES.
Exhale slowly while performing the following : —
5. Left hand on chest.
6. Left hand horizontal in front.
7. Left hand on chest.
8. Position.
Repeat Xos. o to 8 four times.
Inhale and exhale thus to the end of the series.
Note. — It is probable that, at first, the children will not be able to
inhale slowly enough to continue the process while repeating Xos. 1
to 4 four times, and the same is true about the exhalation ; but the
breathing should be as slow as possible, and the teacher must deter-
mine whether the children can repeat each exercise two, three, or four
times while inhaling or exhaling. The exercise with the arms should
be rapid and quite vigorous, and after considerable practice, the chil-
dren will be able to do the breathing as indicated, and even to breathe
slowly and deeply enough to repeat the exercises six or more times.
The other series of Exercises for the Chest can easily be adapted to
this purpose, in much the same manner as the First Series, the teacher
always exercising judgment as to the number of times the children
will be able to repeat each motion while inhaling or exhaling.
The following is an adaptation of the Arm Swinging
Exercises to a breathing exercise : —
1. Inhale : Swing the hands together in front at c and d,
Fig. 10 (page 18), and back to position, eight times.
2. Repeat ]S"o. 1, but exhale instead of inhaling.
3. Inhale : Clap the hands once in front, and swing back
to sides, eight times.
4. Repeat No. 3, but exhale instead of inhaling.
5. Hands at c and d. Fig. 10. Inhale : Swing the hands
to e and/, Fig. 10, and back to c and d, eight times.
G. Repeat No. 5, but exhale instead of inhaling.
7. Inhale : Strike the hands together in front, and then
behind the body, eight times.
8. Repeat Xo. 7, but exhale instead of inhaling.
VOCAL EXERCISES — SIX MOVEMENTS. ,V>
VOCAL EXERCISES.
Vocal tones are produced by the vibrations of the vocal
chords, and their purity depends, in a great measure, upon
the proper use of the respiratory organs. There are several
faults of tone, both in speaking and singing, which arise
entirely from defective breathing and the weakness of the
lungs and diaphragm. A strong constitution and the habit
of deep, full breathing will usually insure good, pure vocal
tones. The value of bodily exercise in improving the voice
is, therefore, quite apparent, and the special necessity of
chest and breathing exercises to develop the respiratory
organs is very evident.
The cultivation of the individual voices of the children is
impracticable in most of the public schools ; but if teachers
are careful about the posture and breathing of their pupils
while speaking and singing, and see that the lips are mobile
and the mouth opened freely during all vocal exercises,
they will be troubled very little with throaty and nasal
tones.
A SERIES OE SIX MOVEMENTS,
Adapted to Various Concert Recitations, sich as Spelling,
Musical Exercises, the Repeating of Aphorisms, Mottoes,
Poetry, etc.
1. Strike both hands against sides ; elbows straight.
2. Strike both hands on chest.
3. Strike hands together once in front.
4. Strike both hands on chest.
5. Strike hands together once overhead.
G. Strike both hands on chest.
56 BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES.
The following applications will sufficiently illustrate the
method of adapting the foregoing series of movements: —
12 3 4 5 6 1
a e i o n oi ou
12 3 4 5 6 1
a a. e e, i i, o o, u u, oi oi. on on.
12 345612 345612 3 4 1
a a a a e e I I o o 6 u u u oo oi ou
12345612
a a, a a, a a, <1 a, a a. a a. a a. a a. etc.
12 3 4 5 6
fate, fat, far, fall, mete. met. etc.
12 34 5 612 34 5 6 12341
do re mi fa sol la si do si la sol fa mi re do si do
1
do do,
3 4 5 6 1
•n-t-e-n-t-
2
do
1 2
C-o-
re re
2 3 4 1
•m-e-n-t.
re.
1234561234 561
I-n-t-e-r-e-s-t-i-n-g-1-y.
1234 5 612 3 4 1
F-r-e-e free, d-o-m dora, free-dom.
123 4 561 2 3 456 121
L-i-b lib, e-r er, lib-er, t-y ty, lib-er-ty.
123 4 5612 3 4 5612 3 4 5
G-y-m gym, n-a-s nas. gym-nas. t-i-c tic, gym-nas-tic
6 12 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 1
e-x ex, e-r er, ex-er, c-i ci, ex-er-ci, s-e-s ses. ex-er-ci-ses.
1234 5 61 2 34 5 61234 1
D-a-r-e dare t-o to d-o do r-i-g-h-t right.
1 23 45 61 2 34 561 2 34 56 12345 6 123 4561
Hon-or-if-i-ca-bil-i-ti-di-ni-tat-i-bus-que.
12345 612 345 6 123 456 123 4 5 612 341
Trans -ma g-n if -i-cat-ban-dan- ju-al-i-t y.
VOCAL EXERCISES — SIX MOVEMENTS.
lloii'or and shame 1 From no' condition rise;
6 1 2 :; 4
Act well' your part', there all' the hon'or lies.
Joy' and Tem'peranee and' Re-pose
•') 6 3 4
Slam' the door' on the doe'tor's nose.
Loss' of wealth' is loss' of dirt
5 6 34
All sag'es in' all times' as-sert'.
He' that will' not when' he may,
5 6 3 4
When' he would' he shall' have nay,
1' was prom'ised on' a time
5 6 3 4
To' have rea'son for' my rhyme;
1 2 3 4
From' that time' un-to' this sea'son
5 6 3 4
1' re-ceived' nor rhyme' nor rea'son.
1 2 3 4
They' are slaves' that fear' to speak
5 6 3 4
For' the fal'len and' the weak.
58 BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES.
The following are school mottoes which can be used
with the foregoing series of movements. »In this way. the
children will learn a number of pithy maxims applicable to
their school work, and which are likely to be remembered
and to influence them in mature life.
I will try. Always ready.
We aim high. I can if I will.
A hard beginning makes a good ending.
Dare to do right. Labor conquers all things.
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
We must aim at thoroughness.
He liveth long who liveth well.
If we would excel, we must labor.
The rolling stone gathers no moss.
Learning is better than silver and gold.
Speak the truth ; act the truth ; think the truth.
Excelsior — higher and higher, but only step by step.
Truth is the highest thing that man can keep.
If taken in the following order, these movements can be
performed to the tune of " Battle Hymn of the Republic,"
"Marching Along," or any other tune in even measure,
which may be sung, hummed, whistled, or played during
the exercise.
1. Strike both hands against sides.
2. Strike both hands on chest.
3. Strike hands together once in front.
4. Strike both hands on chest.
5. Strike hands together once overhead.
6. Strike both hands on chest.
7. Strike hands together once in front.
8. Strike both hands on chest.
Repeat Nos. 1 to 8 until the tune is finished.
VOCAL EXERCISES — "HAIL COLUMBIA." 59
A SERIES OF EXERCISES ADAPTED TO THE TINE OF
" HAIL COLUMBIA."
Position. — Stand erect with hands on hips and fingers front;
feet three inches apart.
1. Advance right foot five paces of six inches each. (In
doing No. 1 sing two measures or one line of song.)
2. Right hand horizontal in front ; left hand on chest.
3. Right hand brought back to chest ; left hand at the
same time horizontal in front.
4. Right hand horizontal in front ; left hand on chest.
5. Left hand horizontal in front ; right hand on chest.
6. Right hand horizontal in front ; left hand on chest.
(Sing two measures in doing Nos. 2 to 6.)
7. Strike hands together in front fice times. (Sing two
measures.)
8. Right hand perpendicular ; left hand on chest.
9. Left hand perpendicular ; right hand on chest.
10. Right hand perpendicular ; left hand on chest.
11. Left hand perpendicular ; right hand on chest.
12. Right hand perpendicular ; left hand on chest.
(Sing two measures in doing Nos. 8 to 12.)
13. Strike hands together overhead Jive times. (Sing two
measures.)
14. Bring hands to hips and step back to position in five
paces. (Sing two measures.)
15. Advance left foot five paces. (Sing two measures.)
16. Left hand horizontal in front; right hand on chest.
17. Right hand horizontal in front ; left hand on chest.
18. Left hand horizontal in front ; right hand on chest.
19. Right hand horizontal in front ; left hand on chest.
20. Left hand horizontal in front ; right hand on chest.
(Sing two measures in doing Nos. 1G to 20.)
60 BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES.
21. Strike hands together in front five times. (Sing two
measures.)
22. Left hand perpendicular; right hand on chest.
23. Right hand perpendicular ; left hand on chest.
24. Left hand perpendicular ; right hand on chest.
25. Right hand perpendicular; left hand on chest.
26. Left hand perpendicular ; right hand on chest.
(Sing two measures in doing Nos. 22 to 26.)
27. Strike hands together overhead five times. (Sing two
measures.)
28. Bring hands to hips and step back to position in five
paces. (Sing two measures.)
29. Both hands at side.
30. Both hands on chest.
31. Strike hands together once in front.
32. Both hands on chest.
33. Strike hands together once in front.
31. Both hands on chest.
35. Both hands at sides.
36. Both hands on chest.
37. Strike hands together once in front.
38. Both hands on chest.
39. Strike hands together once in front.
40. Both hands on chest.
41. Position.
The movements may be applied to the words, thus : —
i i ill
Hail, Co-lum-bia, hap-py land!
2 3 4 5 6
Hail, ye he -roes! heaven -born band;
7 7 7 7 7.
Who fought and bled in free-dom's cause,
8 9 10 11 12
Who fought and bled in free- dour s cause, etc.
DUMB-BELL EXERCISES.
] >umb-bells are a very valuable means of physical culture,
and have been in use for over a thousand years. In the
hands of an expert, it is possible with their aid to exercise
every muscle of the body. Those best adapted for school
use and light gymnastics are made of wood. For children,
bells weighing one half to three quarters of a pound each
are sufficiently heavy ; one-pound bells for girls and two-
pound bells for boys in the highest classes are quite heavy
enough for school purposes. The use of light bells exer-
cises especially the muscles of the chest, while the use of
heavy bells strengthens almost exclusively the muscles of the
arms. It is far more beneficial, therefore, to take vigorous
exercise with the former than to use the latter.
FIRST SERIES.
Position. — Stand erect as in the Free Exercises;
dumb-bells at sides, horizontal and parallel.
1. Hi ght bell under arm and back to position,
four times. Fig. 34.
2. Left bell under arm and back to position,
four times.
3. Both bells under arms and back, four times.
4. Eight bell under arm, and as it is brought to
position, left bell under arm, alternating
thus four times.
(a) 1. Both bells on chest. Fig. 35.
2. Both bells on shoulders. Fig. ot). jr I0 . 34
01
62
DUMB-BELL EXERCISES.
6.
8.
Throw right bell horizontally to right and back to
shoulder, four times. Fig. 36.
Throw left bell horizontally to left and back to shoul-
der, four times. Fig. 36.
Throw both bells horizontally to right and left and
back to shoulders, four times.
Throw right bell to right, and as it is brought back to
shoulder throw left bell to left, alternating thus four
times.
Fig. 35.
Fig. 36.
9. Throw right bell perpendicularly upward and back to
shoulder, four times. Fig. 36.
10. Throw left bell perpendicularly upward and back to
shoulder, four times. Fig. 36.
11. Throw both bells up and back, four times.
12. Throw right bell upward, and as it is brought to
shoulder throw left bell upward, alternating thus
four times.
(b) 1. Bells on chest. Eig. 35.
2. Position.
FIRST SERIES. 63
13. Right bell on chest. Fig. 35.
14. Right bell on shoulder. Fig. 36.
15. Throw right bell horizontally to right. Fig. 36.
16. Right bell on shoulder. Fig. 36.
17. Bight bell on chest. Fig. 35.
18. Position.
Repeat Nos. 13 to 18 four times.
19. Left bell on chest. Fig. 35.
20. Left bell on shoulder. Fig. 36.
21. Throw left bell horizontally to left. Fig. 36.
22. Left bell on shoulder. Fig. 36.
23. Left bell on chest. Fig. 35.
24. Position.
Repeat Nos. 19 to 24 four times.
25. Both bells on chest.
26. Both bells on shoulders.
27. Throw both bells horizontally to right and left.
28. Both bells on shoulders.
29. Both bells on chest.
30. Position.
Repeat Nos. 25 to 30 four times.
31. Right bell on chest.
32. Right bell on shoulder.
33. Throw right bell perpendicularly upward. Fig. 30.
34. Right bell on shoulder.
35. Right bell on chest.
36. Position.
Repeat Nos. 31 to 36 four times.
37. Left bell on chest.
38. Left bell on shoulder.
39. Throw left bell perpendicularly upward. Fig. 36.
40. Left bell on shoulder,
64
DUMB-BELL EXERCISES.
41. Left bell on chest.
42. Position.
Repeat Nos. 37 to 42 four times.
43. Both bells on chest.
44. Both bells on shoulders.
45. Throw both bells perpendicularly upward.
46. Both bells on shoulders.
47. Both bells on chest.
48. Position.
Repeat Nos. 43 to ±Sfour times.
Repeat Nos. 1 to 12.
SECOND SERIES.
Position. — Same as in First Series.
1. Right bell on chest, thrown hori-
zontally to front, back to chest,
and then to position. Fig. 37.
Repeat four times.
2. Left bell same as right in No. 1.
3. Both bells same as right in No. 1.
4. Right bell on chest, thrown hori-
zontally to right, back to chest,
and then to position. Fig. 38.
Repeat four times.
5. Left bell on chest, thrown hori-
zontally to left, back to chest,
and then to position. Fig. 38.
Repeat four times.
Both bells combining Nos. 4 and 5.
Right bell on chest, thrown perpendicularly upward,
back to chest, and then to position. Fig. 36, Re-
peat four times,
Fig 37.
SECOND SERIES.
65
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Left bell same as right in Xo. 7.
Both bells same as right in Xo. 7.
(a) Both bells on chest.
Throw right bell horizontally to front and back to
chest, four times.
Left bell same as right in
No- 10. o „
Both bells same as right JC &
in Xo. 10. /I
Throw the right bell for-
ward, and as it is brought
back to chest throw the
left forward, as this is
brought back the right
forward, alternating thus
four times.
Throw right bell horizon-
tally to right and back
to chest, four times.
Throw left bell to left and back to chest, four times.
Both bells combining Xos. 14 and 15.
Throw right bell to the right, and as it is brought back
to chest throw the left bell to the left, as this is
brought back the right bell again to the right, alter-
nating thus four times.
Throw right bell perpendicularly upward and back to
chest, four times.
Left bell same as right in Xo. 18.
Both bells same as right in Xo. 18.
Throw right bell up, and as it is brought back to chest
throw left bell up, as this is brought back the right
up, alternating thus four times.
Repeat X<>s. 1 to 9.
SCHOOL OYMXASTICS — 5
Fig. 38.
t»6
DUMB-BELL EXERCISES.
THIRD SERIES.
Position. — Same as in First Series.
bells in the following exercises.
Be careful not to twist the
Fig. 39.
1. Swing right bell from body
to right, until arm is per-
fectly horizontal, and back
to position, eight tunes.
-^ Fig. 39.
2. Swing left bell to left, as
right bell to right in No.
1, and back to position,
eight times. Fig. 39.
3. Swing both bells right and
left until they are horizon-
tal, and back to position.
ei'jht times. Fig. 39.
4. Swing right bell from body
to right, until the arm is perpendicular, describing a
semicircle, and back to position, eight times. Fig. 39.
5. Swing left bell to left, as right bell to
right in Xo. 4. and back to position.
eight times. Fig. 39.
6. Swing both bells to right and left and
back to position, combining Xos. 4 and
5. Fig. 39.
7. Swing right bell to front, until the arm
is horizontal, and back to position,
eight times. Fig. 40.
8. Swing left bell same as right in Xo. 7.
9. Swing both bells same as right in Xo. 7.
10. Swing right bell to front, until the arm is
perpendicular, describing a semicircle,
and back to position, eight times. Fig. 40 Fig. 40.
THIRD SERIES. 67
11. Swing left bell same as right in No. 10.
12. Swing both bells same as right in No. 10.
13. Swing right bell to horizontal position in front, and
then back as far as possible, sixteen times, ending the
last time at position. Fig. 41.
14.
15.
1(3.
Swing left bell as right bell in Xo. 13.
Swing both bells as right bell in Xo. 13.
Eaise the arms to horizontal position in front, the bells
being horizontal and making
a straight line. Swing both
bells right and left as far
back as possible from this
position, eight times.
)■-/
Note. — The motion of No. 16 is that k - J '"
represented in Tig. 10 (page 18). ~\
17. Bend the elbows, placing the
hands with the palms down-
ward against the chest, the
thumbs pressing lightly against
the body, and the arms being
horizontal. Move the hands
straight forward until they
are horizontal in front. Then
move them around in arcs of horizontal circles to
the right and left and as far back as possible.
Note. — The position and movements of Xo. 17 are similar to those
shown in Fig. 33 and Diagram to Fig. 33 (page 52).
18. Reverse movements of Xo. 16.
Repeat Nos. 17 ^ j ! leader 2, a, the square being
j V f 0% complete.
rvLo ; * j A\ 3. The second and fourth
. # •' I girls on eacn side of the
(\j/7 yrfSS square side-step one pace
i ^ -*-^. i inside the square, forming
fty? "£/ ~£7" J (fa\ as in Diagram C. March
l__.^> .5^. S^.J around, one square within
the other, four times. In-
side set about face, and all
pass four times. Outside set about face, and all march four
times. Inside set side-step to place, and class pass into line.
80
.ESTHETIC EXERCISES.
THE CIRCLE.
Songs. — "The Happy Peasants" and "The Pleasant Spring Has
Come Again." (See pages 95 and 96.)
1. March around in a circle or ellipse four times, then
change direction by countermarching inside. Diagram D.
2. Leaders march through the center of the circle (as
indicated in the diagram by the heavy dashed lines), pass
Diagram D.
each other, and form two ellipses, marching around four
times. Or, if the ellipse is the first figure, two circles are
formed. Diagram D.
3. In marching around the fourth time, the leader of the
first section continues until at point a on the right of the
circle or ellipse, and leader of the second section until at
point b on the left, which points they should reach respec-
tively at the same time. Leader 1 countermarches outside
the line of the large circle, and leader 2 continues in the
EXHIBITION FIGURES— THE SPIRAL.
81
direction indicated by the light dashed lines outside the
ellipse in Diagram D, until she meets leader 1 at the rear of
the circle, from which point both advance down the center
of the circle toward the front in double file.
4. Divide each file into ^ — . ^ N
two sections. The leader in
each section passes in the
direction of the dotted lines
as shown in Diagram E,
forming four circles. Sev-
eral changes may be made in
the direction of marching,
producing a pleasing effect.
Note. — Four squares may
be formed in a similar manner,
if the class is of thirty-two per-
sons, leaving eight for each of
the half sections. It would be
impossible to form five people
into a square.
THE SPIRAL.
Soxc. — " Tell Me Where Do
Fairies Dwell.'' (See page 98.)
T
¥
v
y
V
4?
V
Diagram E.
1. March around in a
large circle or ellipse. The
leader of the first section
then passes just inside the
circle and gradually winds up to the center, forming a spiral,
as shown by the inside dotted lines in Diagram D. Coun-
termarching, the loader will pass through the spaces of the
previous windings, forming a large circle or ellipse again.
'J. Form two ellipses or circles as directed in The Circle,
and from these form two spirals.
SCHOOL GYMNASTICS — 6
82 ESTHETIC EXERCISES.
THE WREATH.
Songs. — "A Rosy Crown We Twine for Thee" and "The Sun
Is Glowing." (See pages 101 and 103.)
1. March around in a large circle eight times. About
face and march around eight times.
2. No. 2's side-step one pace toward the center of the
circle. Diagram F. March around in two circles, one
within the other, four
/?. . ^-^> times. Inside circle about
•'"'*' **" ^^ x * ace > anc ^ a ^ l )ass ^ our
[gsy /?^-^~-~- h^\ ^ mes - Outside circle
# ,^b fr J^ Yv^r* i) \ about face, and all circle
/ %? ^ ^N \ rOUnd '
typ f "\ '■ 3. All face toward the
I Af\ J vf\) center of the circle, and
\ . /[) / join hands in their re-
rO.C) ^*#. ^\ c= ^j / spective circles. All cir-
^\ "
^
^
A
^y
^
^
^
f\
*?
*
S N N
j J.j J X -g
RED, WHITE, AND BLUE.
81
*J3 JJ
l I i
• W*
I 1 r r — F L r — L=r T i
1 — X — 3-
m
> N
-IS- — X-
(=
fff
r — i g l^ i i f—t
£e£^
I * *• »-« -:
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88
MUSIC.
HAIL COLUMBIA.
mj Andante maestoso.
It'I^eee-
1. Hail. Co - luni - bia, liap - py land. Hail, ye he - roes.
'2. Im - mortal pa - triota, ri.se once more. De-fend your rights, de -
sens
^kzi
?^* :
heav'n-born band. Who fought and bled in Free-dom's cause. Who
fend your shore, Let no rude foe with im - pious hand. Let
m
^=^=
yP g i* j- j ± . &
-z^irS^* ± ih
i> i.-«Ti
Xf r + 1 ^
fought and bled in
no rude foe with
• » • , » *
L___ ^ , * "
Freedom's cause. And
im - pious hand In -
£ £ S^— *-,
when
vade
— 9 ? _
the storm of
the shrine where
&.■»•? ■ — * — \ — *-
_j* * [ -
1 1
" "9 ■
-£ — ■ M
war was gone, En - joyed the peace your val - or won! Let
sa - cred lies Of toil and blood the well-earned prize, While
-.- +
9±^2
m
r r r
In - de-pend-ence be our boast. Ev - er mind - ful
of - f ring peace sin - cere and just, In heav'n we place a
J_ * A 1-Jfc: * &' *
^S±=S=Z
f~r r~*^
BATTLE HVMX OF THE REPUBLIC.
S9
}=i
what it eost, Ev - er grate - fn] for the prise,
man - lv trust. Tliat truth ami i:i^ - tice mav pro - vail. Ami
/ CHORUS.
I
m
w
3=5 rr
*=m »
Let its al - tar reach the skies. ^ p .
ev - ry scheme of bond - age fail. 5 *«™i n
; 1 h 1
DJ - trd
m Eij_» : =fafc^
.: _?
_*« — ._._
;- ;
.
|j. J j-
s
' * J
* X
j
v
let
— » —
-m-
ns
1
— m —
-m-
he.
1 1
Ral-lying round
our
Lih - er
J *
ty!
1
As
a
hP~ *
■j X H * — i
1 1 ! =g=
^— J
9
^ 1 -* —
— U-
— ;*
I
ere*.
F
~r^~ v— w^
bantl of broth - ers joined. Peace and safe - ty vre shall find.
£^====^
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P*
S i*
BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC.
Mrs S. G. Hovte. AlSt:—"€flory Hallelujah.'
I 2 H
g^r_. g r^ ^g-^-g ^ a
1. Mine eyes have seen the - ry of tlie com-ing of the Lord:
2.1 have seen Him in the watch-fires of a bnn-dredcir-cbng camps;
90
MUSIC.
He is trampling oat the vim -age, where the grapes of wrath are stored
They have buildcd Him an al - tar in tin- evening dews and damps;
; .- -
He bath loosed the fate- t'ul Iight-ning of His ter - ri- bio, swift sword:
I can read His right-eons sen-tenee by the dim and flar - ing lamps:
m
m
CHORUS.
-m 9 — \ - +
r7^=
* *-
=5^=
— ^ — — -p-
lu -
jah ! Glo
m •
— r»-^r--to-=-
-* — f~
ry, glo -
* m ■
-* — *-^
ry hal
- le - lu - jab ! Glo - ry.
* • j H •
i
i
— «* »* —
g c
r i p ;
ry^ fc J J^iJ
_ -
\
* .
_j M
- ■-* * d -
9 ;Vi: ilJ:
glo - ry hal - le - In
jah!
— p—
5
His
— m —
truth
-f-
— " :
is march -ing
~-
on.
^ S - Z
— m—
— ^
-i
P U
OUi; DlilGHT, ST.UlliY BAXXEB.
91
OUR BRIGHT, STARRY BANNER.
m
Modarai
Offks
?
1 Prom ev - 'ry
2. Finn - lv our
hill and ev - ry mount ain.
country's rights we're shield - ing,
From ev - 'ry riv - er, lake, and
• .11 we cringe t<. :
♦3
- ^
^=J
f
: e
- *
foe
From ev - ry fo] - est, g ami fount - ain
Ev - er to Freedom stand on - yield - ing,
• »
-, f-^T^T jS |
li^^S^^
H J.J ^2^13
s
•J
We hear the song <>f lib - er - ty :
And for our homes we'll strike the blow :
Sear the bold anthem now as
Should e'er the ekrada ofbal -tie
-
*
'-,
* 5 — 1» x * fc
— H
cend
low
■* - — ■*=
-
ing.
£ P
ward on wines of lore a
oar be-loved and sa - rred land.
. -_ —m—a
«
— * -. — m~
x * \ * -w
^^
With spir
it xoic - cs sweet -ly blend
oar nation's streneth and pow
in* In
er In
_j_^ ^ ^ _«__
, _^_ _
II rt
/ '. m m \ \ N
( ) _^- * J ^ m £• 1 ' '
II J*
joy - oas realms be-yond the skies,
one un - broken phalanx stand.
t^. -— ._. -- — ^2
Ij'aJBl?
— :$: ^ ^ *• ^ '
s
. H-*
m m m ~ m
s
V
IIT
* \m
— =♦
— _
114
OIK BRIGHT, STARK? BANNER.
93
m
' ; _' : :
i P-l* ^ i-S-::
m
joy - ona bo - sau - na Re - sound the glad prais - es of
m ■*-■*- « j*. -m. -m- ^ -m-
fe
L f ftt it ,f?t t g^ ^- t 1 1 1 1 ■
9
— ^—
3
9
glo • rions
lib
— U—
• er
-*-
m
m
. 1
L_~
■■■
J 3 — 3_
1
04
Mrsic.
THERE'S
■ 1 1
MUSIC
IN THE AIR.
I — >, a v
S-
v__
" i
_
X
S- ^ * --—
There's mu - sie
-
There's mn
-• —
in
in
in
— m —
the
the
the
- a 2
air,
air.
air.
J —
Wn«a
When
When
J
the
the
the
#>
in
noon
twi
m
■ fant
- tide's
light's
^" : - -^ :
' =^ ^
L— •*
— ** —
— #« —
— <*
/ ""-■
— ; 1
/ " rv'
a»
*
m
»
^ ^
f^— '
-J J
«.
morn
snl -
gen -
-
trv
tie
nigh,
beam
f — r 9- ' —
And
Be •
Is
— m
faint
. si
— m —
ils
a
on
m
blnsh
gold
eve -
— » —
is
- en
. -
s<^en
lisht
* 1 *> .
s -
—% —
-]
1
1
*
p
. #
*
*
z^. 1
-j '-, S S s s '
1
A-" * * * * *
*zA ■ r^
J
^f * — * — * — * — w —
the bright and laugh -ing
On the dis - tant mount ain
m -ive beau - tie.*:
i±r—-~ * S— 2 «— ~t S —
-
stream,
die:
If 9 ' 1
- * — *• ■ £- J
Many a harp's ec -
When be - neath some
Then. oh. then, the
■r. — » m * m
'S.- - .
— «* -•* ^ ** ■
i h -
i
-» v — ^
stdt - ie sound. "With its thrill of
grate- lul shade. S - ach - int:
loved ones gone. "Wake the purr
pro- fonnd. While we
head is laid. Sweet -ly
xial song: An - gelic
3^*F=3=i?
.,
i
s s
J " - <
/v- -^ * —
,- * * #*.
#> m
— , — i- .
w
list,
voic
— — • —
=9^
en -
the
m
--«- — «• «• m — '
chant - ed there. To the
spir - it tht-re. Comes the
gT^et us tht-re. In the
fa La \m la m
'-• *-
mu - sic
1 t
in
in the
in the
air.
air.
air.
THE HAPPY PEASANTS.
THE HAPPY PEASANTS.
95
S( III MANN
ftl j I ^-hJ J: J l J J J J.
ri
1. O what can wit li out flow - ry plains com - pare In
2. Tin- bright green fields, the bean -toons gold -en corn, The
* *
-t lg_
Si J ^^
I , :
/ ~tr ns-
fc-
N ___
=J5=
— n
B 5 ^ ;
all their
birds
r* *
match-less
swi-t-t - ly
bean - ty.
sing - ing
1* m
=2=
5
iu
BO
the
-•-
bright
ear -
-m-
and
ly
■m
fair;
morn
■m-
fe~^ — y
— » S—
S
— «
i — t
* +
«* ^
* i* —
— V —
^ .. .
~l
— 1 "
^TT- JJ:-^
What gild - ed lialls can vi -val natures bow'rs, 'Neath which we gaily
Make fight our task, and oheerly thro" the day Doth pass on BWift-ly
• k«* ■<• W» IK" * * * *
D..-5. — Tj'W night's dark man ■ tie elos • es o - ver day. Bids sack with lightsome
pass a - way the eve - ning hours |
Beet - in;: wings the hours a - way.
We sing sweet songs and
/icari a - way to rest. a ■ waff!
s s *
r I 1 1
E2E^
* s * I , s * *
join the mer-ry dance. And mirth and joy < l< • 1 1 1 ev *i y heart entrance,
■ r r r u -
— i — r =t=jz" _ i
• * * - *jy
96
MUSIC.
THE PLEASANT SPRING HAS COME AGAIN.
Words bv I. F. SiiErAUU.
Verdi.
Metw
mosso.
— i
~K-
=3*
V
a E s ~~^~
1
L. The
>. Tlie
5. The
L. The
5. The
/
m "
pleas -
pleas -
pleas
pleas -
pleas -
=fcfc
ant
ant
ant
ant
ant
if
spring
spring
S[n inir
spring
spring
«3
■i
has
has
has
lias
has
come
come
(•nine
come
come
a -
a -
a -
a •
a -
— * —
gain.
gain,
gain,
-a in.
gain,
tJ »■ ±—
Its voice is
I hear the
All na - tore B
The plowman's
Its voice is
gF ■>'.
£r-E=ss
.r
i ^ _
H — » —
— 1
r*
dent.
in
riv
heart
son^s
in
the trees,
t-r's roar..
is glad..
a - rise. .
the trees,
It speaks
It spark
The mount
While wood
It speaks
from
lea,
aius
land
from
m
M^rgff
rj
ev
foams.
rise
ech
ev
ry sun
ami leaps.
like gi
oes mock,
ry sun
ny glen.
as when
ant men.
and tli en
ny glen.
It rides np - on
My sum - mer skiff
And smile with beau
The thrill -ing ca -
It rides up - on
» -m- -m-
the
it
- ty
dence
the
£ =- —
>-rJ^|
>
f— ^ IS^I
r- n
R)
breese
hole
clad
It i
My >
-m— '■ — »
ides up -
inn - mer
nile with
on the b
>kitf it
— "
eeZe.
clad.
The t
Ca - deUte dies.
breeze
p A -At
It i
ides up •
on the breeae.
LJ
LL-U
1 - "
THE TLEAS.VNT SPRING HAS COME AGAIN,
«»T
The scat
Stern win
The pret
The mer
The pret
ter'd flocks
ter's chain
ty flow rs
ry birds
tv flow rs
are low -
is rend
are spring
are sins -
are spring
: '.I
Be -
The
inn In
iiiL'. A -
tog, The
^E
I T St3
neath each sha - - dy tree, The gen - - tie
gush - - ing founts are free And light with
ev - - 'ry green - wood shade, Their per - funics
far tlie ma - sic floats And ev - - 'ry
gush - - ing fouuts are free The mer - ry
^im^m*
Ped.
*3f»
winds are blow
wa - ter blend
round them fling
vale is ring
- ing, O come, re - joice
- td, Is danc - ing o'er
- ing, As sweet as E
- ing, With soft and inel
re - joice
with
the
den
low
^==*_^?_, ^=^\ u-ip,
me! O come, re • joice with me!
sea Is danc • ing o'er the
made, As sweet as E - den made.
notes, With soft and met - low notes.
me! Let all re - joice with me!
|A, ffc_ Jt A * fl# S5 S S * I
98
MUSIC.
TELL ME WHERE DO FAIRIES DWELL.
Arranged from Glover.
Moderato.
— ^ "^
saa
sipp
1. Tell me where, do fair - ies dwell, Where they work each
2. Tell me, gen - tie sis - ter dear, When the moon is
Q 9 t # _|_
n — '
P3H F— 1
*-*=^ :
¥ =2~* -3-
rays • tic spell
shin - ing clear,
1 1 '
Tell me where their
May not iner • ry
P=-f=i 3
home can he.
elves be seen,
Where they sport in fan - ta • sy, Where they sport in
Where we know their steps have been? Where we know their
man
Sopranos.
fJL— | -K— I a - P
£ 4; 3 jjx& .JJ. J l
fan - ta - sy
step have be<
gffir^rr 1 ^
fan - ta - sy. Far re-moved from hu - man eyes. Yet their
step have been ? Xo, for we the spell should break, They the
t:z= f r r _g- i*-tp =£
homo is 'neath the skies, On the green- wood, in the dell,
spot would soon forsake ; Sometimes heard, but nev - er seen,
-^»-
in the dell. There the fair - rv creat - ores dwell.
■ev er seen Gen - lie »pir its haunt th-r \
\ fe llJ I I P ff A « 'I
~r=- A'..-
'-':
rniilii 3* 1
There the fair - y creat • nres dwell. Sing ing so eheer-i - ly
! ftp rfr-eif-JX^ i pcr p^
fair - y - like song. Dane- ing so mer - ri - ly, All the night long ;
3c=r
-
. ■
—
V
\
*
=F*=
— te
r
- 1 Z
1
h
1
— m —
■
If
fair
S
•
like
1
- ■ -
: _ -
~~~"~ ~+
P
P
P
—
=
\
100
MUSIC.
K^
-HM-
~* ^~~* — i
mer
ri - ly,
— fe—
Lr % , • m ij ----- - „ s .
' - C *
All the night long, Dane ing so mer ri
— -> -5 m „ - m ~m m
— p—
- ly.
— ' — 1
1 — **—
— m — * —
J- «F - — *-
1 * — + =^_
*
")* * S *_ IS _■_!
1
/^ --- — -% m — *~ 9 m
— c — '
— m —
-
Sing - ing so cheer • i -
ly.
Dane
ing
_£ * — * m — J
so mer - ri - ly.
£^S =
—m m — ym m
, 1
¥
_«* 1
!/»■■» J
N h *
,
Sing -
1 >^*^
ing,
1
Sing
* t * g-
- ing so cheer - i
■v. - - *
s -
ly;
Dane • ing,
&r~*2 — * —
x ^ E r~
— *^-« F
— . — ^ ,
Sins • ing,
Sing -ing,
0=5=3 — =
— *^— i frH
S» —*-
Dane ing.
*--
ffr
Dane ing.
sing ing. dauc - ing.
\~ *' "
-*• w m —
5^ — ■*- 1
sing - ing, danc-ing. Sing- ing. danc - ing all the night long.
A ROSY CROWN.
101
A ROSY CROWN.
Snln and Choru* from "Dkr ErkYSCHOtZ."
1. A TO
2. We bade
3. Then deign
ay
the
to
SF ^^N
crown we twine for thee, Of
fair - est flowers that grow, Their
wear the wreath we twine. Thy
Flo - ra's rich • est troas • ure ; "We lead thee forth to
va - ried trio - ute ren • der, To shine a . hove that
beau • teous ring lets shad - ing; And be its charms a
dance and glee,
brow of snow,
type of thine,
To mirth and youth • ful
In all their sun • ny splen
In all ex • cept its fad
ure.
dor.
ing.
102
MUSIC.
/ CHORUS
^-^^i^z
— • <■ •
I" f" f '"
- m A
(f *r w-J-
Flo - ra's rich ■ est
treas - ure,
L> ■«• U *« —
Flo ra's rich - est
— m, » 9 w -
treas - ure ;
J5? — q
y err cir 11
S£¥^ — J — ■* V |
!
m J > J +-»^5 * -J
■J- J- -m- -m- -m- ^ i
^ - 1
. . —
—
—
p
^T
ptl
+t=\
Take, oh, take the ro - sy, the ro - sy crown.
m
m
W Jk =
— » —
m ■
— * —
-e — ^-s^
— m- —
<7\
Take,
A ;
oh,
— m
take
the
i== — * — g
ro • sy. the
— a* —
ro
— * —
^T t — m
• sy crown
*^m~~m» — t - " 1
F*=
i ■
...m
L_ 1 _
8" '
1 1
-
—% —
— m. » '» LU
* m Lij
i — , — , —
U i*^^
—" T- - ■"
THE SUN IS GLOWING.
THE SUN IS GLOWING.
Allegro Moderate. _^=^ =— ■
103
Donizetti.
1. Bright - ly the sun is glow ing,
2. We'll ne'er for - get the pleas • ure
And ev - 'ry
When ev - 'ry
g#^^# ^=F^
*-^
I u
=F=F= t ^ m
For life is bright and fair;
To love's sweet ser e • nade;
^^P^f
^b^p jf^
And Hope her rain - bow hues is
3 And as we heard each flow • ing
- £ > u — s? — ^ — >
104
MUSIC.
^raXL^
-!=>,
ggg^ET g §^EEi=gg^E g^g
«t
hearts are free from pain and care; Joy is
danced be - neath the grate • ful shade ; We felt
her
our
3PS^
^:
*rw*
rail.
tempo.
m
5t «t 5f
3^£
bft-d i— hi— =P""" g~ - Id *-
— *— J ' — 1
1, —
<&£— * * i f * * *^f -r-
light be - stow - - ing, And niu
youth a treas • - ure That from
s * *
sic sounds both
the mem - ; ry
ad
£»>:- — m — =j — *— =j — - ^ — £*H'~il"~ s i~\Z~ =i = i — u —
-a m — s — (•— a- 1 ]
* U & — *-* uu — u > — *-* *—
5 g "
^= Llfe^^
sweet and rare!
ne'er could fade !
_3_
Bright-ly the sun is glow
A ikI as we heard each meas
ing.
ure,
And
And
THE SUK IS GLOWING.
Id.')
-1=^
«M» >
JS-
O ^& *j ^
S3
tan - sic soonds, it sounds, sounds both sweet and rare,
danced he - neath the shade, danced be-neatfa the shade
A nd
And
>- 3^3S
FJ=^£
.is — i^
-P-N-
1 ^fe^
S
mu - sic sounds
danced be - neath
both sweet and rare, . .
the grate- ful shade,.
And inn ric
Anddanceil be •
i
*-*
^=^tr^=
3T ■=
v- |
m ^
* * *
* *~
3^=^=^
—
ii^
-_a.;j. ij
r^UEfrd
^
-fcJLE-— fc
^^=^SS*
"
sounds, sounds both sweet and rare; .
neath, danced be -neath the shade,
O'er bopes we're dream
We felt a
ing, For Ve> for life is bright and fair.
ure That from the mem rv neVr can fade.
* * : : ! * ffi Si * \ -i ^=m
10G
MUSIC.
WHO SHALL BE FAIREST?
Charles Mackay. Frank Mori.
Allegro.
mmmmmmm£^
1. Who shall be fair - est? Who shall be rar - est? Who shall be
2. Who shall be near -est, No- blest and dear - est, Named but with
,m
m
-m—x-
1 I
first in the songs that we sing?
hon - or and pride ev - er-niore?
Jv . .j - r-m — • »-r- •—J
She wlio is kind - est when
He, th* un-daunt-ed,wbose
&=!
=f-
—k 1—
— |
-*J J «i-
— f — m
fort
ban -
- une
ner
-•-■ -m-
is blind
is plant -
■ est,
ed
u
Bear
On Glo -
i 1
•!
— *-*— $ — *—
- ing thro' win
ry's high ram -
— S «l —
- ter the
parts and
=3=3-
— *-
f
1 •
— 4 — «f^
SJ2} p —
mmm
-=t=t=
— P—
— 1 —
— H —
— 1- — J ' —
^=1=3=5
ii
blooms of the spring,
bat - tie • ments hoar.
: it -J- J-
Charm of our glad - ness,
Fear • less of dan - ger, To
WHO SHALL BE FAIKEST?
Friend <»f our sad ness. An • pel of life, when our
Use • hood a stran ger. Look • ing not back while there*!
Sleas nres tak wing, --- She shall be fair ■ est. She shall he
u - ty he - fore,
He shall be mar - est, He shall he
I f=rs . 1.
rar - est. She shall he first in tlie songs that we sine:,
dear - est. He shall he first in our hearts ev - er ■ more,
f ^ —~ f -5— £-l«l»— g m s I U
that we Sing; Aye, she shall he first in the songs we sing,
ev - er more; Aye, he shall he first in our hearts ev er more.
108
MUSIC.
KILLARNEY.
Moderate
3S
M. W. Balfe.
T*
1. By Kil - lar - ney's lakes and fells,
2. In - nis - fal - len's ru - iued shrine
3. No place else can charm the eve
4. Mu - sic there for .ech - o dwells,
Em - 'raid
May sug
With such
Makes each
IV 2 *-
pp
^=^*-
*r^=
=f- *
Wi
y^ - >i
m
— 1 —
1
"ST: _ ! w^q
W-* ££r
m
*2
— " g "» -3^
isles and
gest a
bright and
sound a
wind
pass -
va -
har -
ing
ing
ried
mo •
bays,
sigh,
tints,
ny,
* 3*
Mount - ain paths and
But man's faith can
Ev - 'ry rock that
Ma - ny - voiced the
A
{fo *— ^ hJL -
-4 '
1 n
— pLJ — h n
— s_±_ — h J fv " _ > n
N
^ — *"' i ^-^-]
»»! i
g 1 * ■<
— *) — a — ■? — a ^ — a — ^ — a —
m m
1 w
L- • m m m '
m
^j^E^^H
wood - land dells,
ne'er de - cline,
you pass by,
cho - rus swells,
Mem • ry ev - er fond - ly strays.
Such God's won - ders float - ing by.
Ver - dure broid - ers or be-sprints.
Till it faints in ex - ta - sy.
KILLAKNKY.
109
Bonn teous na • ture loves all lands,
Cas • tie Lough and Gle na Bay,
Vir - gin there the green grass grows,
With. the charm -ful tints bo • low.
-* w 1
■wt -*-
PP
3F^
— - L T » • J
^PP P^
Beau
Mount
Ev
Seems
tv wan - dors ev - 'ry where,
ains Tore and Ea - gle s Nest,
'ry morn springs na - tal day
the heav'n a - bove to vie,
Foot prints
Still at
Bright- hued
All rich
leaves on ma - ny strands,
Mu • cross you must pray,
ber - nes datf the snows,
col - ors that we know,
But her home is
Though the monks are...
Smil • ing win - ter'a ..
Tinge the cloud - wreaths
CoUa parte
110
MUSIC.
^ dim. pp a tempo.
sure - ly there! An - gels fold their wings and rest,
now at rest. An - gels won - der not that man
frown a - way. An - gels oft • en paus - ing there,
in that sky. "Wings of An - gels so might shine,
^^i r f t« f% - 5 ^ ^-^-^=^- i »-^-q-k^-=
iSF^=*
pp
S
m?mk :^ppNN"-
g^pN
In that E - den of the west, Beau - ty's home, Kil
There would fain pro - long life's span, Beau - ty's, etc.
Douht if E den were more fair, Beau • ty's, etc.
Glanc - ing hack soft light di - vine, Beau • ty's, etc.
S
s--*-
^ffl^3i^aB^^5
; it
&=3*W= te J-g
:* — *
3=?
^m
m
^s
*, /
ney,
;s^
Kil • lar ■ ney.
3=5-:
— „ — g=±^
OPENING FLOWERS.
Ill
A. Gebauee
OPENING FLOWERS.
P
Franz Abt.
r_|
iF^feM^
1. See the morn- ing lij. r ht ad - vane - es,
2. Fast ro cede the gloom >y shad-ows,
:i. Would ye thank your Heav'n-ly Farther
!ij3£9tffe*t#Fi!RteR^ &
O'or the hills the sun beam glanc - es, Yet ye flow 'rets
A.s the light spreads o'er the mead • ows, Fiil'd with flow'rs of
For the joys you dai - ly gath • er, That ye stand all
^
* m
^
$EE£
Eli
m i=£
sm
m*m *^^ &
h -
slum • b'ring lie, Yet ye flow - 'rets slum b'ring lie.
daz - zling hue, Fiil'd with flow'rs of daz - zling hue
weep - ing there? That ye stand all weep - ing there?
m
^m
> -
112
MUSIC.
Hno l'Aiir £n-i~»c <»r»H Irtrtlr o . pahti<] v-i-m "V/^tt- +Ka -w*s± t*-r*
Ope your eyes and look a • round you, Now the ro
Like the fumes by in • cense giv - eu, Their sweet scent as
"When the lips are seal'd hy glad - ness, Tears may flow, yet
morn has found you. Wake and greet the hright - 'ning sky !
cends to heav - en 'Mid the ear - ly morn • ing dew.
not in sad • ness, Flow in si - lent heart • felt pray'r !
1'lfE f jf i J: J N
Wake and greet the hright-'ning sky !
'Mid the ear - ly morn - ins: dew.
Flow in si - lent heart - felt pray 'r!
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS *
*>
PHYSICAL AND MANUAL
TRAINING.
MORRIS'S PHYSICAL EDUCATION.
An eclectic system of exercises, in-
cluding the Delsartean principles of
execution and expression. $1.00.
HOFFMAN'S SLOYD SYSTEM OF
WOOD-WORKING. . . $1.00.
SICKEL'S EXERCISES IN WOOD-
WORKING. With a short treatise
on wood. For manual training classes
in schools and colleges. . $1.00
COMPTON'S FIRST LESSONS IN
WOOD-WORKING. For children
30 cents.
American Book Company,
NEW YORK, CINCINNATI, CHICAGO.