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 sycho -Therapy 
 
 in the Practice of Medicine 
 and Surgery, by Sheldon 
 Leavitt, m. d. 
 
 The laws of thought are the laws of the universe.— Buchner. 
 
 He who will not reason is a bigot; he who cannot, is a fool; 
 he who dares not, is a slave.— Byron. 
 
 "I have always thought (and not without reason) that to have 
 published for the benefit of afflicted mortals any certain 
 method of subduing even the slightest disease was a matter 
 of greater felicity than the riches of a Tantalus or a Croesus. 
 I have called it a matter of 'greater felicity'; I now call it a 
 matter of greater goodness and of greater wisdom." 
 
 —Sydenham. 
 
 1 will listen to any one's convictions, but pray keep your 
 doubts to yourself. I have plenty of my own.— Goethe. 
 
 CHICAGO: GARNER- 
 TAYLOR PRESS, 79 
 FIFTH AVENUE, 1903 
 
THE LIBRARY op 
 
 CONGRESS, 
 One Copy R 
 
 OCT, 
 
 Co«MWJHT wrw 
 
 CLASS ^XXa No 
 COPY 3. 
 
 
 Copyright, 1903. 
 
 By Sheldon Leavitt, M. D, 
 
 Ml rights reserved. 
 
TO THOSE OF 
 
 THE MEDICAL PROFESSION WHO LOVE TRUTH 
 
 AND 
 
 DO NOT FEAR TO STAND FOR IT 
 
 THIS WORK IS 
 
 DEDICATED 
 
 BY THE AUTHOR 
 
*' I touched the garment-hem of truth, 
 Yet saw not all its splendor." 
 
P r e f a c e 
 
 When a student launches on the Sea of Mind 
 he soon finds himself in deep water. His sound- 
 ing line will not reach bottom. The trouble is 
 that the depths are infinite. There are "the 
 heavens above and the earth beneath and the 
 waters under the earth, " as the Universe is aptly 
 described by the sacred writer. 
 
 In truth he does not launch at all, for he him- 
 self, in essence, is a part of the sea. It is a sea 
 of vibrations in which he is immersed and of 
 which his thinking self is an integral part. 
 
 I have hesitated to venture a public opinion 
 concerning even those phases of psychology that 
 most interest me as a physician and surgeon. 
 My main object now is not edification and final- 
 ity, but stimulation to inquiry, realizing that con- 
 victions of value are not gained from mere read- 
 ing, but from soaking one's mind in a subject, 
 "by continually thinking unto it," as Newton 
 said. 
 
 I have been compelled to speak of the "con- 
 scious" and the "unconscious" or "subcon- 
 scious, " the "objective" and the "subjective," 
 the "supraliminal" and the "subliminal." The 
 exact significance of these terms I do not pretend 
 to understand: the designated powers I do not 
 undertake to define. The dual mind is hypo- 
 thetical. It is probably only two phases of a 
 much "greater self," as Myers has suggested. I 
 beg not to be held to strict account. 
 
 (5) 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This needs to be said : The "subliminal" con- 
 tains no reference to what is beneath, except in the 
 sense of foundation. In every other respect the 
 subliminal, the subjective, the unconscious, is the 
 more real, the more noble, the more comprehen- 
 sive and the more intelligent self. The "supra- 
 liminal, " the " conscious, " the "objective" is a 
 healthy, a natural manifestation. 
 
 I am satisfied that there are vast possibilities 
 for Suggestive Therapeutics. I have not hesi- 
 tated to express an opinion concerning details 
 whenever I have found myself in full possession 
 of one. Some of these opinions will doubtless 
 be modified by future developments; but such 
 of them as rest upon well-recognized laws of 
 psychic action will be stable. I have been led 
 along step by step, my powers of perception 
 gradually developing, my experience widening, 
 the possibilities opening before me, until I find 
 myself measurably ripe in both experience and 
 conviction. 
 
 The certainty of being misunderstood con- 
 fronts me. I shall doubtless be dubbed a 
 "Christian Scientist," a "charlatan," an "igno- 
 ramus," a "trimmer." That matters little. 
 Those who know me well, while they may not 
 wholly agree with me, will at least concede me 
 sincerity. / have herein spoken only the thoughts 
 that long have pressed for utterance. He only is 
 the growing man who gives himself repeated op- 
 portunity to change and then to declare in no 
 uncertain language his most sacred convictions. 
 The worst that can in justice be said is that I 
 am a nonconformist; and this title I shall not 
 resent. Says Max Mullen 
 "Scholars welcome everybody who in the open tourna- 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 ment of science will take his chance, dealing blows and 
 receiving or parrying blows; but the man who himself 
 does not fight, but simply stands by to jeer and sneer 
 when two good knights have been unseated in breaking 
 a lance in the cause of truth, does nothing but mischief, 
 and might, indeed, find better and worthier employ- 
 ment." 
 
 The well-known English scientist, Sir Oliver 
 Lodge, says: 
 
 4 'Remember that the term 'science' was not always 
 respectable. To early ears it sounded almost as the 
 term witchcraft or magic sounded ; it was a thing from 
 which to warn young people ; it led to atheism and to 
 many other abominations. It was an unholy prying 
 into the secrets of Nature which were meant to be hid 
 from our eyes; it was a thing against which the Church 
 resolutely set its face, a thing for which it was ready, if 
 need were, to torture or to burn those unlucky men of 
 scientific genius who were born before their time. . . . 
 Pioneers must expect hard knocks ; the mind of a 
 people can change only slowly; and until the mind of a 
 people is changed, new truths born before their time 
 must suffer the fate of other untimely births ; and the 
 prophet who preaches them must expect to be mistaken 
 for a useless fanatic, of whom every age has always had 
 too many, and must be content to be literally or meta- 
 phorically put to death, as part of the protest of the 
 regeneration of the world." 
 
 I trust that there is no arrogance in my saying 
 that the conclusions herein expressed are attrib- 
 utable neither to inexperience with disease in its 
 various phases nor to lack of knowledge of what 
 orthodox medicine, as practiced by either, or 
 both, of the prominent schools, is capable of 
 doing. Had my opportunities for observation 
 been more restricted I should have hesitated to 
 express pronounced views. The new methods 
 of treatment have been utilized by me in a dis- 
 criminating and tentative manner for years and 
 the observations have been carefully noted. 
 
8 PREFACE. 
 
 // sho?tld not be inferred from anything herein 
 coyitained that I have lost faith in drug remedies. 
 I have merely changed my theories concerning their 
 limitations and mode of action. 
 
 I am most emphatically of the opinion that 
 the practice of suggestive therapeutics should be 
 confined to the medical profession. A. H. Burr, 
 in an article which appeared in November, 1898, 
 points out very clearly many reasons "Why 
 Suggestive Therapeutics Should Not Be Taught 
 to the Laity. " The physician can discern the 
 same unwisdom of encouraging lay people to 
 practice with psychological remedies that applies 
 to their use of drugs. Then let the profession 
 come into its rightful heritage. 
 
 After emphasizing the importance of such a 
 course in his "Spiritual Life," Prof. George A. 
 Coe proceeds as follows: 
 
 "What, then, is left to the discretion of those un- 
 trained in medical science? For it is plain that we can- 
 not avoid employing suggestion to our weal or to our 
 woe every day that we live. A few applications of its 
 principles are perfectly feasible. For example, we can 
 deliberately cultivate cheerful states of feeling, and we 
 can assist others to be happy. If all the world should 
 adopt such a course of living, the occupation of the* 
 doctors would be cut in two inside of ten years. Again, 
 just as any intelligent layman is competent to make a 
 proper use of some of the commoner drugs, as, for in- 
 stance, in the case of minor cuts, burns and bruises, 
 so, it may be contended, specific suggestion for specific 
 ailments may be allowed when the nature of the ail- 
 ment is understood. To take the simplest case, what 
 possible objection could there be to one's overcoming 
 an attack of sleeplessness by suggestion? Again, if one 
 has certain knowledge that a given headache has been 
 induced by temporary and trivial causes, no harm could 
 easily result from treating it after the manner of 
 Liebeault. In general, too, the pains we have to bear, 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 even under the care of the highest medical skill, can 
 often be lessened by a proper direction of the attention. 
 Here belong the chronic difficulties that have been 
 already diagnosed and treated by the family physician. 
 In short, just as wise dieting, proper clothing and 
 much more has to be attended to by ourselves, so there is 
 a general and very necessary household use of sugges- 
 tion as an adjunct of ordinary medical practice." 
 
 I have taken occasion during the past years to 
 sound professional opinion concerning the true 
 value of suggestive means of cure, and have 
 found, almost without exception, that the indi- 
 vidual physician stands ready to make his con- 
 fession of faith in a confidential way, but shrinks 
 from utilizing psychic measures in an open man- 
 ner "for fear of the people. " The doctor him- 
 self needs a prescription, the chief constituent of 
 which is BACKBONE. 
 
 A man cannot achieve true success without an 
 ideal that enlists his full sympathy and commands 
 his highest efforts. He must feel that he has a 
 divine right to succeed. 
 
 My appeal is to the medical profession. I 
 have done little writing along these lines for the 
 general eye. The stronghold of prejudice is in 
 our own midst. That there has been good 
 ground for prejudice cannot be denied; but that 
 there is now good ground for restricted and pro- 
 visional acceptance of psychic tenets, is equally 
 true. 
 
 For the elementary character of the work no 
 excuse need be offered. I have written for those 
 who do not know — for those who need instruction, 
 and not for those who krrow it all. 
 
 I have taken particular pains to make the 
 index so explicit that any feature of psycho- 
 
10 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 therapeutics mentioned in the book can be easily 
 found. 
 
 It is hoped that no one will pronounce judg- 
 ment upon the work from mere fragmentary 
 reading. For the opinions of those who read it 
 from beginning to end I shall have due regard. 
 Sheldon Leavitt, M. D. 
 
 Chicago, October 7, 1903. 
 
List of Illustrations. 
 
 PAGB 
 
 1 A Schematic Representation of the Dual Mind 66 
 
 2 Pyramidal Nerve Cells Found Chiefly in the Brain 70 
 
 3 Cells from Spinal Cord 71 
 
 4 The Primary " Cerebral Vesicles " 74 
 
 5 A Diagrammatic Representation of Suggestive Action 83 
 
 6 A Diagrammatic Representation of the Vehicles of Suggestion 97 
 
 7 Telepathic Lines of Communication 108 
 
 8 The Three Planes of Life 134 
 
 9 The Planes of Life with Lines of Communication 135 
 
 10 A Diagrammatic Representation of the Curative Effects of 
 
 Suggestion 143 
 
 11 A Diagrammatic Representation of the Curative Effects of 
 
 Suggestion when Sustained by Consistent Conduct 146 
 
 12 A Diagrammatic Representation of the Relative Effects of 
 
 Medicinal and Suggestive Treatment 168 
 
 13 Good Position for Deep Sleep Halfton e 
 
 14 Slate, with a Sample Suggestion 209 
 
 15 Digital Treatment of Spinal Nerves Halftone 
 
 16 Showing Patient on Inverted Plane Halftone 
 
 fin 
 
'Every man's progress is through a succession of teachers, 
 each of whom seems at the time to have a superlative influ- 
 ence, but it at last gives place to a new. Frankly let him 
 accept it all. Jesus says, l Leave father, mother, house and 
 land and follow me.' Who leaves all, receives more. This 
 is as true intellectually as morally. Each new mind we 
 approach seems to require an abdication of all our past and 
 present possessions. A new doctrine seems at first a sub- 
 version of all our opinions, tastes and manner of living. 
 Such has Swedenborg, such has Kant, such has Coleridge, 
 such has Hegel or his interpreter, Cousin, seemed to many 
 young men in this country. Take thankfully and heartily 
 all they can give. Exhaust them, wrestle with them, let 
 them not go until their blessing be won and after a short 
 season the dismay will be overpast, the excess of influence 
 withdrawn and they will be no longer an alarming meteor, 
 but one more bright star shining serene in your heaven and 
 blending its light with all your day."— Emerson. 
 
 (12) 
 
Table of Contents. 
 PART I. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 Drug Medication Does Not Command Professional Confidence — 
 Drugs Have Curative Virtues — Valuable Methods Sometimes Re- 
 jected — True Science — Matter and Mind — The Origin of Disease in 
 Mind — Inquiry Should Extend into the Psychic Realm — Advanced 
 Thought Wins Its Way Slowly— Why Are These Things So ? Page 21 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE (CONTINUED). 
 
 The Demands of the Hour — Certain Advances — Prevention of 
 Disease — Chronic Ailments More Prevalent Than Ever — Disease 
 Producers — Advanced Diagnosis, but Not Advanced Cure. Page 83 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE (CONTINUED). 
 
 The Surgical Idea— Not All Who Cut Are Surgeons— Psychic 
 Effect Determines Cure — Cause of Differing Results — Too Much Sur- 
 gery — Too Little Discrimination. Page 41 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE (CONTINUED). 
 
 Ordinary Methods Too Perfunctory — Physicians Are Under- 
 paid — Service Wrought by Homeopathy — Psychic Effect of Homeo- 
 pathic Treatment — Revulsion from Old Theories Concerning Matter 
 —Unity of All Things. Page 48 
 
 (13) 
 
14 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 NEW METHODS. 
 
 Upward and Onward Trend — Movement Too Slow — Abundant 
 Incentives to Study and Adopt New Methods — Principles of the New 
 Methods. Page 57 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 Duality of Mind — Relations of Cerebral Structures to the Phases 
 of Mind — Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous Structures — Vari- 
 ous Designations of Central Intelligence — Means of Communication 
 Between the Several Parts — Cardinal Features of the Brain — Cardi- 
 nal Features of the Nervous System — Objective Control of Subjective 
 Action. Page 65 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL (CONTINUED). 
 
 Suggestibility — The Hypnotic State — Hypnosis Not Essential to 
 Effective Suggestion. Page 83 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL (CONTINUED). 
 
 The Theory of Auto-Suggestion. Page 91 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL (CONTINUED). 
 
 The Vehicles of Suggestion — The Voice — The Touch — The 
 Need of Sincerity. Page 95 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL (CONTINUED). 
 
 Telepathy. Page 103 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL (CONTINUED). 
 
 The Conditions of Effective Suggestion — Faith — Faith Is 
 Best That Has a Rational Basis — Energy of the Suggestion — Dura- 
 tion of the Suggestion— Histionic Suggestion. Page 113 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 15 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 THE QUESTION OF ADOPTION OF PSYCHO-THBRAPEUTICS BY THE 
 PROFESSION. 
 
 It Belongs to the Profession — The Success of Charlatanry — Con- 
 servatism — Too Much Fractional Teaching and Practice — The Ra- 
 tional Attitude — Certain Concession — Psycho-Therapeutics in Its 
 Purity Not Suited to All — Irrational Claims of Certain Advocates of 
 Esoteric Methods — Interaction Between Mind and Body — Is Psycho- 
 Therapy Effectual ? Page 128 
 
 PART II. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 Thought Runs in Customary Grooves — Affirmation the Method 
 Conferring Best Results— The Subjective May Take Its Cue from the 
 Conduct — Examples of Powerful Suggestion Page 141 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY (CONTINUED). 
 
 The Practice of Auto-Suggestion. Page 151 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY (CONTINUED). 
 
 Suggestion to Others— Concerning the Physician Himself— 
 Reflex Benefits — Practice Makes Perfect — The Essentials of Success 
 in the Suggester — Personal Magnetism — The Foregoing Neither Un- 
 important Nor Too Elementary. Page 16? 
 
1C 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THB PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY (CONTINUED). 
 
 How to Secure Essentials of Success in the Patient — Im- 
 portance of Attention — Media of Cure — Hypnosis — Suggestion in 
 Ordinary Sleep — Suggestion Under Anesthesia — Suggestion During 
 Hysterical Storms — How to Induce Hypnosis — The Phenomena of 
 Hypnotism — Position for Hypnosis — The Scope of Hypnotic Con- 
 trol — Has Hypnotism a Pernicious Effect on the Subject's Mentality? 
 — The Hypnotic Suggestion —Awakening the Patient — The Effect 
 Depends Largely on the Operator and His Methods — The Aim Should 
 Be to Educate — The Salient Features of Required Education — Post- 
 Hypnotic Suggestion. Page 175 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY (CONTINUED). 
 
 The Place of Suggestion in Routine Practice — Uses of Sug- 
 gestion in Medical Practice — The Examination— Positive Diagnosis — 
 The Prescription — Bedside Visits — Frequency of Calls. Page 197 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY (CONTINUED). 
 
 Non-Routine Suggestive Treatment — Darkness — Close the 
 Patient's Eyes — Suggestion by Manipulation — Suggestion with 
 Vacuum Treatment — Suggestion with Electricity — Suggestion with 
 the Inverted Plane— Suggestion Expedients at the Bedside. Page 207 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY (CONTINUED). 
 
 Suggestion in Surgery — Suggestion a Factor in Surgical Ad- 
 vances — Suggestion in the Surgical Examination — Suggestion Dur- 
 ing the Operation — Suggestion in Anesthesia — Suggestion in Giving 
 the Anesthetic — Suggestibility of the Patient in Anesthesia — Sugges- 
 tion During Waking from the Anesthesia — Suggestion in After Man- 
 agement. Page 219 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY (CONTINUED). 
 
 The Question of Absent Treatment— The Question Answered 
 by Telepathy— The Theory Is Demonstrable— What Are the Con- 
 ditions of Thought-Transferrence?— A Suggestion to Be Effective 
 Need Not Reach the Conscious Mind — Conclusion. Page 229 
 
 
PART ONE. 
 
 The PRINCIPLES of PSYCHO-THERAPY 
 
 "When the distinction was first drawn, ' ARTES* 
 meant the things one could do, and ' SCIENTAE? the things 
 one knew. 
 
 (17) 
 
I 
 
 The Present Status of Medicine 
 
 <i») 
 
Part One. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 Drug Medication Does Not Com- 
 mand Professional Confidence. 
 
 Not very long ago an 
 eminent practitioner of the dominant school of 
 medicine said in my hearing to a class of stu- 
 dents whom he was addressing on the subject of 
 typhoid fever, with a case from the hospital 
 wards lying before him, "Gentlemen: Concern- 
 ing treatment, let me say that the very best 
 treatment for this disease is plenty of fresh air; 
 little, or no, food; and no medicine whatever. 
 You may have to administer some drugs to ap- 
 pease the anxiety of friends, but I assure you 
 that we have no medicines that are of any practi- 
 cal service in this disease." 
 
 "But," says the homeopath, "that admission 
 was from an old-school practitioner. The new 
 school can offer better testimony." 
 
 Can they? We shall all do well to give more 
 analytical study to our resources as disclosed in 
 the light of results fairly attributable to remedial 
 action. 
 
 The following has been taken from the annual 
 address of the President of the New York State 
 Homeopathic Medical Society, delivered at a 
 recent meeting: 
 
22 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE 
 
 "This is a scientific age and we must conform to the 
 methods of scientists to arrive at conclusions of any 
 value. Today, statistics alone will answer this pur- 
 pose. Each one of us believes that certain diseases 
 run a more favorable course and the death rate is much 
 less under homeopathic treatment. But where are our 
 statistics tc demonstrate this to the world at large? 
 Echo answers where? 
 
 " Many years ago, when homeopathy was introduced 
 into the hospitals of Vienna, when drugging and blood- 
 letting was the practice in the treatment of pneumonia, 
 the death rate promptly fell under the new treatment, 
 and those statistics have often been used to demon- 
 strate the efficacy of the practice. But what happened? 
 A skeptic arose who had little faith in the infinitesimal 
 dose, and who tried treating a certain number of cases 
 with no medicine whatever, with the result that his death 
 rate was practically identical with that under homeo- 
 pathic administration. Thereupon the treatment of no 
 medicine was substituted for the homeopathic, and con- 
 tinues with few modifications to the present day." 
 
 Enthusiasm over the curative power of the 
 remedies commonly used in serious diseases is a 
 characteristic of the Neophyte in medicine. This 
 one, with consummate faith in the action of his 
 little-tried remedies, sallies forth to meet the 
 enemy. In preliminary skirmishes he meets fair 
 success. He praises his armamentarium and re- 
 joices in the skill with which he utilizes it. But 
 when you see the same man a few years after- 
 wards you find him cautious, and conservative, 
 and deliberate: quite unlike the enthusiast that 
 he was. 
 
 To be sure this is not true of all, for there 
 are some, possessing small discrimination, who 
 appear to gather their conclusions from the 
 realm of fancy rather than of fact. Most phy- 
 sicians of mature experience, with a fair measure 
 of discriminative and deductive power, feel most 
 
DRUGS HAVE CURATIVE VALUES 23 
 
 acutely their relative helplessness in the presence 
 of portentous disease. 
 
 The truth is that the best medical skill can do 
 little else than rectify minor physical ills by 
 means of drug remedies and modify the course 
 of the major ones. 
 
 Fatal disease appears to ' ' take the bit in its 
 teeth" and gallop resolutely onward to the end of 
 the route, no matter how frantically we may tug 
 at the reins. 
 
 I have seen many medical practitioners 
 become enthusiasts over the assumed marvelous 
 action of drug remedies. I have heard them 
 relate, in radiant terms, how they "brought 
 through" patient after patient supposedly lost in 
 the mazes of disease, attributing "no action" to 
 one remedy and "pronounced action" to an- 
 other, when, in truth, a mind capable of properly 
 weighing evidence should have clearly seen that 
 the fluctuations indicated were likely due to the 
 unsteady motions of the vital forces in their con- 
 test with the morbific elements. We are all 
 fully convinced that our remedies do possess a 
 degree of power over morbid conditions, and yet 
 there is no denying that indubitable demonstra- 
 tion of their curative action is not the facile theo- 
 rem it is commonly supposed to be. 
 
 Drugs Have Curative Values.— 
 
 BUT IT IS UNDERSTOOD 
 THAT WE ARE READY TO CONTEND THAT THERE IS A 
 PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE TO PROVE THAT DRUG 
 REMEDIES DO POSSESS CURATIVE VIRTUES. 
 
 Advocates of the "New Thought" movement 
 err in conceding to medicine no virtues. There 
 is no denying that the drug itself has little 
 
24 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE 
 
 curative power — perhaps none at all. My 
 own theory is that the drug effects its purpose 
 through the subtle action of suggestion upon the 
 subconscious faculties (represented by the sym- 
 pathetic nervous system). What I mean by 
 this is that the drug, by virtue of selective affin- 
 ity, irritates (stimulates, if you prefer the term) 
 some particular nerve center, or even nerve ter- 
 minalj through which a customary physiological 
 action ordinarily passes, or in which it is usually 
 excited, the artificial stimulus being accepted by 
 the controlling power for the genuine, and the 
 usual phenomena accordingly developed. 
 
 There are examples of such action resulting 
 from mechanical irritation, and there is good 
 reason for believing that drugs act in an anal- 
 agous manner. 
 
 Valuable Methods 
 Sometimes Rejected. 
 
 The spirit of uncertainty and 
 consequent discouragement that has crept into 
 medicine as the result of repeated and conspic- 
 uous failures has greatly weakened its power. 
 It is doubtless because of this that new methods 
 have sprung up so numerously and are claiming 
 so much public attention and patronage. 
 
 It is all in accord with the evolutionary trend, 
 and abundant good to humanity is bound to 
 emerge from the confusion. 
 
 But in this very place there stalks forth that 
 which to the laity is a most astonishing anom- 
 aly. Every one is craving new resources, and 
 yet a suggestion tendered by one outside the 
 brotherhood of science is not only rejected but 
 spurned without investigation of its merits. 
 
TRUE SCIENCE. 25 
 
 This, I say, to the popular mind, is an anomaly : 
 to all it is irrational. 
 
 True Science. 
 
 The scientific man is he who has an 
 intimate acquaintance with laws and principles. 
 Science has been defined by Prof. Hyslop as * ' a 
 body of truths or hypotheses which have pre- 
 sented empirical credentials in their favor, and 
 are to be modified by the same methods." 
 Scientific investigation is an orderly and critical 
 inquiry into observed phenomena. 
 
 Few physicians enter the domain of pure 
 science: they leave that field to him who can 
 command his time and has a penchant for such 
 study. Accordingly the physician is obliged to 
 obtain his knowledge at second hand, accepting 
 as final the conclusions of the pure scientist. 
 
 When a practitioner of medicine is spoken of 
 as a " scientific man," allusion is to one who 
 has a good knowledge of truths, assumed or 
 real, which have a direct bearing upon the pros- 
 ecution of his life work. 
 
 It therefore follows that a truly scientific phy- 
 sician or surgeon must have an acquaintance with 
 ascertained facts, classified knowledge and prev- 
 alent hypotheses which have an appreciable 
 bearing upon the work that falls to his hand. 
 But the field of research is so broad, and the in- 
 ferences derived by students of science so varied, 
 that the man whose days are full of ministra- 
 tions to those suffering from mental and physical 
 ills can hardly find time to inform himself con- 
 cerning even the essentials of successful and 
 intelligent practice. 
 
 In this truth lies the necessity for leaning on 
 
26 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 others for both data and inferences concerning 
 many things of great practical value. 
 
 In the pressure of numerous and tremendous 
 demands it has been thought wise by investiga- 
 tors to study phenomena mainly from the ma- 
 terialistic point of view. It is only within the 
 past decade or two that true scientific inquiry 
 has been attempted, save by the few, in the 
 realm of the immaterial. 
 
 Yet all the time investigators have recognized 
 the vast importance of phenomena about which 
 little can be learned through an exclusive study 
 of matter in its varied manifestations. 
 
 Matter and Mind. 
 
 Matter is known to be nothing 
 more than matter, and, at best, but a medium of 
 expression of a hidden Something. This un- 
 known Something we find variously wrought and 
 are lost in astonishment and admiration at its 
 manifestations. 
 
 In general, modern science has rested con- 
 tented with what can be demonstrated to the 
 five senses, and in practice has reckoned it the 
 all. The vast unknown has been reckoned as 
 unknowable, and men have been willing to leave 
 it unexplored. Even hypotheses concerning it 
 have been, by many, discouraged. 
 
 The unity of all phenomena, however, has 
 forced its way into our convictions. 
 
 They are all ONE. " The power that mani- 
 fests throughout the universe distinguished as 
 material," says Spencer, "is the same power 
 which in ourselves wells up under the form of 
 consciousness." 
 
 Emerson says: 
 
DISEASE ORIGIN IN MIND. 27 
 
 M It is a secret which every intellectual man quickly 
 learns, that beyond the energy of his possessed and con- 
 scious intellect he is capable of a new energy f as of an 
 intellect doubled on itself), by abandonment to the 
 nature of things; that besides his privacy of power as 
 an individual man there is a great public power on 
 which he can draw, by unlocking, at all hazards, his 
 human doors and suffering the ethereal tides to roll and 
 circulate through him; then he is caught up into the life 
 of the universe, his speech is thunder, his thought is 
 law, and his words are universally intelligible as the 
 plants and the animals." 
 
 The Origin of Disease in Mind. 
 
 Into this great un- 
 known it is only recently that the scientist has 
 dared to enter. That he is following the foot- 
 steps of the philosopher into a region of exact 
 law and uniform phenomena is very clear. 
 Many facts have already been collated and some 
 of the controlling laws have been uncovered. 
 But these new thoughts and discoveries stand in 
 great need of classification and definition. Prog- 
 ress is being made, hypotheses are forming, and 
 exact experiments are developing truths. 
 
 The opinion long held, and often set forth in 
 precise terms by those whose intuitions were al- 
 lowed to anticipate their reason, that the essen- 
 tial etiology of disease lies in the psychic realm, 
 is being accepted by scientific observers. 
 
 There is not now a shadow of doubt that the 
 origin of disease is in perverted mental concepts, 
 logical enough in form, but built on wrong pre- 
 mises. These pernicious thoughts, however, are 
 not necessarily of the conscious type. 
 
 ' ' Introspective states," says Prof. Elmer Gates, in 
 Monist, "affect metabolism, circulation, respiration, di- 
 gestion, assimilation, excretion, secretion, growth, 
 
28 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 sleep, wakefulness, strength, health, hearing, seeing, 
 tasting, smelling, temperature, the pressure senses, 
 dreams, movements, complexion, voice, gesture and 
 environment." 
 
 A few months ago I had a patient of neurotic 
 temperament whose heat centers, from emotion- 
 al causes, became so overwrought that her tem- 
 perature for several hours, on two consecutive 
 days, promptly sent the mercury in my ther- 
 mometer to the top of the tube, registering 
 112° F. How much higher her temperature 
 really was I am unable to say; but, from the 
 rapidity with which the mercury mounted to the 
 112° mark, I was led to believe that it would 
 have gone much higher had the tube been longer. 
 She was not relieved by drugs, freely given, but 
 was quickly put into a normal state by means of 
 suggestion. 
 
 The evil effect on the physical organism of 
 pernicious thought is admitted by every prac- 
 titioner. He will some day learn that the good 
 effect of wholesome thought is equally pro- 
 nounced. 
 
 The average man or woman is a prey to un- 
 regulated and uneducated thought. Is it any 
 wonder, then, that his body suffers from the 
 fear, the anger, the malice, and the worry which 
 his lack of discipline encourages and engen- 
 ders ? 
 
 Inquiry Should Extend 
 Into the Psychic Realm. 
 
 Now what I want to ask is 
 
 this: Why should we, as scientific physicians, al- 
 low prejudice to debar us from therapeutic re- 
 sources that are apt to prove far more effective, 
 
ADVANCED THOUGHT WINS SLOWLY. 29 
 
 it may be, than any now at our command ? Why 
 not enter and cultivate a field now running to 
 weeds but capable of developing the richest 
 fruits ? 
 
 We should strenuously avoid the state of mind 
 of the good Scotch woman, who, when charged 
 with not being open to conviction, replied: "Not 
 open to conviction? I scorn the imputation. 
 But," she added, after a moment's hesitation, 
 "show me the man who can convince me." 
 
 We have but to add the psychic realm to the 
 scope of our inquiry. There is no occasion, and 
 there would be no rational excuse, for lessening 
 in the slightest the ardor of our investigation in 
 the realm of matter. Then why so circumscribe 
 the breadth of our inquiry as to make con- 
 clusions one-sided and incomplete? Why not 
 scrutinize every set of phenomena and make our 
 knowledge all-embracing ? Is it becoming to ig- 
 nore phenomena, as clear and impressive as any, 
 because the unscientific have ventured theories 
 concerning them and have built fantastic beliefs 
 upon them ? 
 
 Advanced Thought Wins Its 
 Way Slowly, hut Surely. 
 
 It is said that every ad- 
 vanced thought of a revolutionary character goes 
 through three stages. It is first spurned, then 
 declared to be nothing new, and ultimately ac- 
 cepted with the comment that it was always 
 believed. 
 
 Suggestive therapy has passed the first stage 
 and is now merging from the second into the 
 third. There are many physicians and surgeons 
 of good standing who systematically utilize 
 
30 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 psychic forces in their practice; but when com- 
 pared with the host of doctors who attend suf- 
 fering humanity the world over, they are scarcely 
 discernible. 
 
 Why Are These Things So ? 
 
 They are so because mental 
 therapeutics has been for so long the real modus 
 operandi of the vast army of charlatans, and the 
 whole subject has thus acquired so bad a name 
 that most men fear for their reputation if they 
 touch it. But the time to claim what is rightly 
 ours has arrived. 
 
 The world wants men — large-hearted, manly men — 
 
 Men who shall join in chorus and prolong 
 
 The psalm of labor and of love. 
 
 The age wants heroes — heroes who shall dare 
 
 To struggle in the solid ranks of truth; 
 
 To clutch the monster, Error, by the throat; 
 
 To bear opinion to a loftier seat; 
 
 To blot the error of oppression out, 
 
 And lead a universal freedom in. 
 
II 
 
 The Present Status of Medicine 
 
 (continued) 
 
 <31) 
 
"The degree of vision that dwells in a man is the oorreot 
 measure of a man."— Carlyle. 
 
 "SEC. 6.— The physician should be a minister of hope and 
 comfort to the sick, since life may be lengthened or 
 shortened not only by the acts but by the words or manner 
 of the physician, whose solemn duty is to avoid all utter- 
 ances and actions having a tendency to discourage and de- 
 press the patient."— Principles of Medical Ethics. 
 
 "Yes, there is luck in this world; but nobody ever had it 
 unless he reached for it ; unless he seized it, and with all 
 his mind and all his might developed his opportunity 
 when it came. There are plenty of apples on the trees, but 
 it's only those fellows who make a spring and climb for 
 them who get them."— Senator Depew inN. F. Daily News. 
 
 
 (32) 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE— Continued 
 
 The Demands of the Hour. 
 
 The civilized world was 
 supposed long since to be rid of slavery. But it is 
 not. Mankind, in increasing numbers, are in the 
 vilest serfdom. 
 
 A woman of culture and refinement called at 
 my office recently. She was dressed with taste 
 and gave other evidences of favorable environ- 
 ment; and yet I soon learned that she was as 
 completely under the dominion of fear as ever 
 was galley slave under the power of other men. 
 Fear followed her wherever she went. More 
 than once had she sought relief from her torment 
 in visits to foreign lands; but in London, and 
 Paris, and Berlin it haunted her still. The 
 trouble was that by travel she could not escape 
 herself. She had sought out many doctors and 
 various means of treatment, without relief. In 
 truth, some physicians had but bound her mis- 
 conceptions more closely and had awakened new 
 fears. Altogether she was a wretched woman. 
 
 She is only one of the millions who swell the 
 army of serfs in this and other countries and give 
 the world much of its unrest. What the people 
 need (every one of whom, did he but know it, is 
 1 'to the manner born") is liberation from the 
 shackles of real and fancied disease. There is 
 an undertone of woe filling the whole world, and 
 one has but to hearken to hear it. Suffering 
 
 2 (33) 
 
34 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 enshrouds the earth, and the cry goes up to 
 heaven, ''Who shall deliver me from the body 
 of this death?" 
 
 Certain Advances. 
 
 There is not the same prevalence 
 of epidemic disease. A measure of relief has 
 come. The decimating plagues of former days 
 have lost their virulency. The pestilence no 
 longer "walks in darkness and wastes at noon- 
 day. " Its power is broken. Relief came through 
 clean living and relative purity of surroundings. 
 Making "clean the outside of the platter" has 
 done much, very much, for humanity; but the 
 springs of thought are still fouled. 
 
 Internal sanitation is of far more value than 
 external. Cleanse the mind of its brood of noxi- 
 ous thoughts, as well as the body of its harmful 
 practices, and the world will become compara- 
 tively free from its present load of ills. 
 
 Prevention of Disease. 
 
 Remember that disease is far 
 more easily prevented than cured. I do not 
 hesitate to affirm that the ailments which 
 ordinarily follow an undeviating course to a fatal 
 issue are nearly always preventable, and that the 
 efficient prophylaxis lies in the direction of well- 
 trained thought. 
 
 The two cardinal essentials of success are (1) 
 the elimination of conscious fear and (2) the 
 establishment of an absolute faith in the unity 
 and goodness of all things. It is intended that 
 these things be in addition to observance of the 
 usual preventive measures. 
 
 So long as we are in the flesh we must mind 
 
 
CHRONIC AILMENTS MORE PREVALENT. i.> 
 
 the things of the flesh. The subjective mind 
 senses and the objective mind theorizes on the 
 sensations. Accordingly, the former awaits its 
 cue from the latter. 
 
 Besides, it is evident that the same sensations 
 do not produce the same objective phenomena. 
 Action is given different directions by the differ- 
 ing thoughts. When the subjective mind re- 
 ports to the ego a certain sensation, in the ab- 
 sence of specific directions the customary action 
 follows. 
 
 But the objective faculty is able at will to place 
 an unusual interpretation upon the sensation, 
 and, accordingly, vary the expression. 
 
 It is also possible for the objective mind so to 
 train the subjective faculties that sensations shall 
 be altogether ignored and deprived of evil effect. 
 This means that the organic functions can be 
 measurably regulated through volition exercised 
 by the conscious mind. 
 
 The physician's duties are not merely to minis- 
 ter to the sick. The obligation is laid upon him to 
 teach people how to avoid mental and physical 
 ills. In doing this he will be following a sacred 
 vocation, and will forfeit neither ethical nor 
 financial reward. 
 
 Chronic Ailments More 
 Prevalent Than Ever. 
 
 Leaving out of account the 
 contagious diseases which have been unquestion- 
 ably reduced in prevalence and virulency as the 
 result of scrupulous attention to sanitary meas- 
 ures, the grand total of disease has not been 
 reduced. 
 
 The discouraging feature connected with the 
 
36 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 problem of prophylaxis lies in the operation of a 
 counter psychic factor. Modern scientific re- 
 search has brought into publicity a class of ex- 
 perimenters wholly devoted to their work, enthu- 
 siastic, able men in their particular lines, but 
 largely men whose range of vision does not 
 extend much beyond the horizon of their own 
 special field. They are chiefly young men of 
 the strenuous type, whose perceptions converge, 
 so much of the time, wholly on their work that 
 they fail to obtain a comprehensive view of the 
 ultimate effect of their unguarded utterances. 
 
 Another strenuous class, called journalists, 
 made up of young men and women who are 
 merely looking for things startling and outre, be- 
 siege the laboratories for news, which in its 
 immaturity, and with no particular safeguards, is 
 precipitated upon the eager public mind. 
 
 But this is not all. There are many surgeons, 
 and fewer physicians, who avail themselves of 
 new advertising methods offered by enterprising 
 newspapers to proclaim half-truths and some- 
 times mere chimeras of a disturbing nature to 
 obtain notoriety and the emoluments that noto- 
 riety brings. 
 
 Disease Producers. 
 
 To my mind the public herald- 
 ing of disease-producing factors and operative 
 procedures has a pernicious effect in the direc- 
 tion of physical disorder induced by the morbid 
 fears thereby engendered. 
 
 The following from the Chicago Tribune under 
 date of March 4, 1903, has the early appearance 
 of innocence, but to minds already full of fear 
 
DIAGNOSIS BUT NOT CURE. 37 
 
 concerning disease and death it has great signif- 
 icance and may carry untold harm : 
 '"As a result of our work,' declare Prof. A. P. Mathews 
 and B. R. Whitcher in the last issue of the American 
 Journal of Physiology, * we have become convinced of 
 the probable truth of Meltzer's opinion concerning the 
 importance of mechanical shock in the life history of 
 the body and other cells.'" 
 
 Prof. Mathews then raises the question as to 
 how constant submission to shock by motormen, 
 street-car conductors and factory employes may 
 effect the length of life. 
 
 "The question thus raised is of considerable im- 
 portance," writes Prof. Mathews. M For example, what 
 effect has the constant vibration of flour mills on the 
 length of life, the vital resistance and the physiological 
 functions of mill operatives? How far will mechanical 
 jarring account for the digestive and vasomotor 
 disturbances many suffer in railway travel? Are the 
 motormen or conductors of street railways influenced by 
 the violent shocks to which they are constantly sub- 
 jected?" 
 
 The question here raised is one suited to dis- 
 cussion in the journal where it originally ap- 
 peared, but it ought never to have found its way 
 into a public print. What is brought out is 
 only a question, at best. Is not the public mind 
 sufficiently alarmed over the possibilities of dis- 
 ease without further harrowing ? 
 
 Between the harrow of the germ theory, which 
 still remains a theory, with the accompanying 
 announcement of the multiplication of destroyers 
 in the water we drink, the food we eat, and the 
 air we breathe, and the other announcement of 
 new diseases peculiar to the various avocations, 
 humanity is having a hard time of it. 
 
38 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 Advanced Diagnosis, but 
 Not Advanced Cure. 
 
 Scientific study, confined as 
 it has been almost wholly to an investigation 
 of material phenomena from the standpoint of 
 material cause, while it is doing valiant service 
 by accumulating facts bearing on normal and 
 abnormal organic phenomena of inestimable value 
 as an aid to diagnosis, is accomplishing little of 
 true therapeutic worth. 
 
 It cannot be denied that the average duration 
 of life has steadily increased during the past* cen- 
 tury ; it is nevertheless clearly true that the im- 
 provement is due mainly to three factors — (1) im- 
 proved sanitation, (2) reduced medication, and (3) 
 more intelligent nursing. 
 
 Medicinal specifics have not been materially 
 increased in either number or energy. New 
 remedies have been multiplied, but their cura- 
 tive values have not yet been certainly de- 
 termined. 
 
 The much-vaunted serum therapy appears to 
 be losing its hold on professional confidence. 
 
 Altogether, so little better is the physician of 
 the twentieth century fitted to do successful 
 battle with established disease, except as he may 
 more intelligently avail himself of psychic aid, 
 that the materialist's hope of physical salvation 
 cannot be said to be any nearer realization. 
 
Ill 
 
 The Present Status of Medicine 
 
 (continued) 
 
'It is not a question of the correctness or incorrectness of 
 a physicians diagnosis; in his treatments, the healer 
 must look deeper, never losing- sight of the truth, that 
 the realm of mind is the realm of cause, and the realm of 
 matter the realm of effect ; that he must deal with causes 
 and thus change effects."— M.Woodbury Sawyer. 
 
 "Man awakens to consciousness to find himself played upon 
 by impulses, tendencies and emotions. His mind is largely 
 swayed by the demands of the body, and he in turn is 
 swayed by his mind. Habit speaks stronger than the soul, 
 and ideas master him until he learns to reason. And he 
 must come to judgment within and know that he is a slave 
 before he can learn how to become a master."— Dresser. 
 
 (40) 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE— Continued. 
 
 The Surgical Idea. 
 
 Along surgical lines it must be 
 seen that there have been startling improve- 
 ments. The treatment of chronic diseases, es- 
 pecially in gynecology, has been turned over, 
 almost wholly, to surgery. 
 
 A professor of diseases of women said to me 
 not long ago: "Gynecology, which, of course, 
 Doctor, we now understand to mean Gyneco- 
 logical Surgery," etc. 
 
 In truth it may be said that physicians in the 
 large cities in their desperation have dropped 
 their bottles and are now brandishing their 
 knives. 
 
 It may also be said that there is now scarcely 
 an acute disease, outside those of a contagious 
 nature, in which surgical intervention is not often 
 called for by the standard indications. 
 
 Not All Who Cut Are Surgeons. 
 
 The result is that 
 there has grown up a large body of surgeons, 
 many of whom have been restricted in their ex- 
 perience almost wholly to the practice of their 
 specialty, and as a consequence are poorly qual- 
 ified to render an intelligent opinion concerning 
 the possibility of cure by other measures. 
 
 These surgeons would not uniformly admit 
 that a psychic element enters very prominently 
 
 (41) 
 
42 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 into the development of their cures by surgery 
 because they have been looking at events so 
 steadily from a materialistic standpoint; but I 
 have become fully convinced that it does. 
 
 Surgeons are commonly rated according to the 
 deftness and skill with which they execute their 
 work. When we see a well-performed operation 
 we are constrained to say that the operator is an 
 excellent surgeon. And so he may be; but we 
 should not forget that manipulative skill can be ac- 
 quired by any one who possesses a good degree 
 of mechanical ingenuity. I have seen carpenters 
 capable of doing the finest cabinet work whose 
 opinion on the construction of a building would 
 be rated very low. 
 
 The true standing of a workman is determined 
 by his character when placed beside those whose 
 work has not only endured, but each part of 
 which has borne a consistent relation to every 
 other part. This means that we are to deter- 
 mine the value of work by the mental breadth of 
 the doer and by the ultimate results of his doing. 
 
 Psychic Effect Determines Cure. 
 
 The foregoing has 
 been said as introductory to the proposition that, 
 even in surgery, the psychic effect determines 
 very largely the result of treatment. 
 
 Effects are built upon the mental impressions 
 received by the patient. Let one present him- 
 self to the surgeon for his opinion. The latter 
 examines him with care and evinces much diag- 
 nostic skill. He looks seriously wise, and, after 
 due thought, mildly advises an operation. He 
 does not raise his patient's hope, nor does he, by 
 
PSYCHIC EFFECT DETERMINES CURE. 43 
 
 either word or demeanor, express much con- 
 fidence in the results of the operation. 
 
 He operates. 
 
 The patient is returned to his bed and placed 
 in the care of a nurse whose demeanor is not cal- 
 culated to raise one's hopes. When the surgeon 
 reappears he wears the same troubled look, and, 
 in reply to interrogatories, still shows, beneath 
 his platitudes and attitudes, a disheartening un- 
 certainty. 
 
 Another patient presents himself to a surgeon 
 of a widely different stamp. He may be neither 
 as " scientific " nor as "experienced" as the 
 other. The examination is not so exact, much 
 being trusted to intuition ; but the air with which 
 the whole thing is done proves very taking to the 
 patient. The operation is not coldly recom- 
 mended, but is warmly insisted upon. 
 
 No time is to be lost in getting about it. 
 
 The patient goes to the table with an air of 
 hopeful expectancy. He is not surprised to find 
 himself still on earth when he wakes, and soon 
 begins to talk of health and strength. The 
 nurse is cheerful and reassuring, for the sur- 
 geon would tolerate no other. The surgeon is 
 in and out with a smile and a word of pleasantry. 
 There is sunshine in the air even though the 
 shades be drawn. 
 
 Which of these patients, think you, is more 
 likely to make a good recovery ? I do not need 
 to ask. 
 
 If we deem it wise to operate at all, it is wise to 
 look for good results and lead the patient to expect 
 the same, no matter how grave the procedure. 
 
 We are very apt to get what we cheerfully 
 expect and to experience what we fear. 
 
44 TRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 One is not long in surgery before learning that 
 results are often out of proportion to the import- 
 ance of the work done. What I mean is that 
 the operation of powerful psychic forces soon be- 
 comes manifest. In one instance we see a 
 patient, overburdened by life's cares and dis- 
 tresses and discouragements, submit willingly to 
 an operation of only moderate severity. The 
 ordinary effect of the operation is not of a de- 
 pressing character, and yet, to our consternation, 
 the patient fails to rally from his depression or 
 hastens to a demise. 
 
 In another instance we find a patient in great 
 distress of mind and body, presenting but few 
 tangible symptoms and fewer still tissue changes. 
 We do a minor operation, though there is little 
 apparent demand for it. Mark the difference in 
 results. The patient responds at once. He 
 feels relieved. The fancied incubus has been 
 removed and he becomes a well man. 
 
 Cause of Differing Results. 
 
 Now what is the meaning 
 of all this ? We say one has no constitution — no 
 reserve force; while the other is full of the re- 
 active power which is the rightful heritage of hu- 
 manity. But what is constitution if not the 
 result chiefly of habits of thought, going back, it 
 may be, deeply into ancestry ? What is physic- 
 al resiliency if not the rebound which comes as the 
 result of subconscious as well as conscious men- 
 tal attitudes long maintained and energetically 
 held. It is physical character resulting from a 
 permanent effect produced on the subconscious 
 activities. 
 
 But why should a simple and seemingly un- 
 
TOO MUCH SURGERY. 45 
 
 necessary operation afford a patient so great re- 
 lief? Because a patient recovers his normal 
 feelings promptly after removal of a few papilla 
 from the rectum is no positive evidence that 
 those papilla were the cause of his troubles. 
 We should not too hastily infer that removal of 
 offending parts in any case is the sole, or even 
 the most distinct, factor in the recovery that 
 ensues. 
 
 The point that I seek to make, and one which 
 cannot be recognized too early in ones practice, is 
 that psychic forces are at work; and that, if we 
 avail ourselves of their aid, the results of treat- 
 ment are likely to be satisfying. 
 
 Too Much Surgery. 
 
 But now I want to postulate 
 that there is incontinent haste in the adoption of 
 surgical measures. The pendulum has swung 
 too far. It would not matter so much were 
 not the consequences often disastrous to both 
 health and life. But life is now jeoparded on 
 the slightest pretext ; and many lives are ruthless- 
 ly sacrificed to avarice and ambition. 
 
 Not long ago an eminent operator, in a paper 
 presented to a State society, recommended a 
 certain procedure of a major character as a cure 
 for ailments presenting typical surgical aspects, 
 and alluded to it as ' ' almost without danger. 
 
 In reply to a question concerning the mortality 
 in his first hundred cases, which constituted the 
 basis of his recommendations, he admitted a loss 
 of six. 
 
 To be sure six per cent, does not seem like a 
 heavy loss when we are operating for grave sur- 
 gical conditions; but in this instance the ailments 
 
46 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 were nearly all of a subjective type. If the mor- 
 tality attending travel between New York and 
 Chicago amounted to six in every hundred 
 travel would certainly be interdicted by law, as it 
 would be said to constitute wholesale butchery. 
 
 This same operator, in a quiet conversation 
 after the meeting, said to me : ' T don't suppose, 
 Doctor Leavitt, that I value human life as highly 
 as you do." 
 
 Too Little Discrimination. 
 
 The faults I have to find 
 with modern surgery are (1) its prevalence and 
 (2) its lack of sober discrimination between sim- 
 ple and grave procedures. 
 
 I insist that major surgery should be resorted 
 to for only those ailments that assume grave 
 characters and will not yield to milder measures. 
 But the plea is that one might as well be dead as 
 ill, and with this the surgeon justifies^ his as- 
 sumption of the role of contingent executioner. 
 
 With the author, surgery is a chosen line of 
 work, and he would love to do more of it, but he 
 cannot accede to jeopardy of life on any but the 
 best pretexts. I hope this will not be taken to 
 represent a Pharisaical spirit. I only mean to 
 say that it is not fair to the confiding patient to 
 subject him to risk of life for the relief of 
 troubles that may be cured in some other way. 
 
IV 
 
 The Present Status of Medicine 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (47) 
 
"When the Spartan son complained that his sword was 
 too short, his father said: 'Add a step to it, my son.' 1 ' 
 
 — Leavitt. 
 
 "If I were fishing in a trout hole, and failed for long to get 
 trout, I would either get new bait or find a new hole " 
 
 —Sam Jones, 
 
 •'It has been said that the world is full of fools who are 
 trying to imitate other fools. Whatever you attempt, be 
 yourself, think your own thoughts, and make up your mind 
 that all you do in the world shall be your own— entirely 
 your own." 
 
 (48) 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE— Continued. 
 
 Ordinary Methods 
 Too Perfunctory. 
 
 Modern methods of medical prac- 
 tice are not well calculated to obtain satisfactory 
 results. They are of a character too routine and 
 superficial. The physician in general practice 
 makes his rounds among many patients, allowing 
 but a few minutes to each, and is unable to give 
 much serious thought to a particular case, no 
 matter how desperate. He enters, hastily re- 
 views the symptoms and after making a new pre- 
 scription, suggested, it may be, by a trivial cir- 
 cumstance or a temporary appearance, leaves the 
 patient to battle with the disease, often handi- 
 capped by the depressing effects of the wrongly 
 chosen remedy itself. It were far better to make 
 fewer and longer visits so that the true bent and 
 tendency of the symptoms may be learned and 
 that the patient may have time to obtain the 
 salutary effect of the doctor's personality, which 
 in the case of a true healer counts for much. 
 
 The authorities have recently indicted a Men- 
 tal Science healer for fraud because it was found 
 that she had so many patients that there was not 
 time in the twenty-four hours for each to receive 
 an absent treatment from her. The busy prac- 
 titioner of medicine might be almost as justly 
 accused of fraud for pretending to give adequate 
 attention to his large list of patients. 
 
 (49) 
 
50 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 The methods of preserving and regaining 
 health have not yet received due attention, 
 though America has a hundred thousand phy- 
 sicians. 
 
 Physicians Are Underpaid. 
 
 There is no question that 
 the medical practitioner is underpaid for his serv- 
 ices. Were his fees larger he could restrict the 
 number of patients accepted and so give to each 
 more acceptable and efficient service. 
 
 To make a satisfactory visit one should be 
 able to give variety to one's methods and so to 
 arrange the interview that mental concentration 
 could be given a better opportunity to produce 
 its curative effects. The riveted attention of the 
 patient cannot be secured in a moment, nor can 
 the mind of the physician be at once set upon 
 the case in hand. 
 
 This, however, is not the place to pursue this 
 topic further. It will be taken up in Part II. 
 
 Service Wrought 
 by Homeopathy. 
 
 The man Hahnemann did a great 
 service in showing not only the needlessness of 
 the massive dosing and the free bloodletting of 
 his day, but the positive harm that they were 
 doing. Even those who are disposed to min- 
 imize the effect of his teaching are willing to 
 admit that the results of his practice were an im- 
 provement on the results being obtained from 
 the crude methods then in vogue. 
 
 His was a process of refining and softening 
 which marked an onward step in the evolution- 
 ary movement and better prepared both the pro- 
 
PSYCHIC EFFECT OF HOMEOPATHY. 51 
 
 fession and the laity for the still more subtle 
 methods now coming in. The gross thought of 
 the time could not tolerate the refinement of 
 therapeutics that he proposed. It was spurned 
 and Hahnemann himself was subjected to indig- 
 nity. Because of persecution he was obliged to 
 forsake his home city, which, be it added, has 
 since publicly acknowledged itself greatly hon- 
 ored by his former citizenship. 
 
 Psychic Effect of Homeo- 
 pathic Treatment. 
 
 Though educated in a 
 homeopathic school and still holding the law of 
 simila similibus curentur as a valuable thera- 
 peutic discovery, I am not ready to contend that 
 homeopathic remedies per se possess the won- 
 derful curative powers by many enthusiasts at- 
 tributed to them. Much of the advantage shown 
 by the practitioners of those early days over the 
 votaries of the dominant school was fairly at- 
 tributable (1) to the harmless dosage and (2) to 
 psychic impression. Hahnemann himself was 
 astonished at the apparent efficacy of his atten- 
 uated remedies and, philosopher that he was, 
 was led to attribute to them an occult — a 
 "spiritual" — power which he believed to be de- 
 veloped by his processes of trituration and sue- 
 cussion. 
 
 It may be asked why the homeopathic meth- 
 ods should carry with them peculiar psychic en- 
 ergy. The reason should be evident to every 
 one familiar with the theory of suggestive thera- 
 peutics. 
 
 There was, first, their newness and novelty to 
 attract and hold attention. A large part of the 
 
52 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 therapeutist's work is done when he is able to 
 rivet his patient's attention. 
 
 There was, secondly, the mystery in which the 
 curative phenomena were enshrouded, which to 
 the prevailing superstition of the times partook 
 of the mystery of the infinite. 
 
 There were also the peculiar methods of clin- 
 ical inquiry, full of detail, with a record of each 
 symptom, to still further impress. 
 
 There was the announcement, after careful 
 study, of the alleged similimum of the case to 
 give assurance. 
 
 And, finally, there was the unwavering faith of 
 those early disciples of Hahnemann in the 
 efficiency of their remedies to complete the con- 
 viction and fully establish the conditions of psy- 
 chic cure. 
 
 And now I may be allowed to add what may 
 be extremely distasteful to many of my con- 
 freres, that the reason why homeopathic cures are 
 not now so nitmerous or startling in the practice 
 of individual physicians of the homeopathic school 
 is found in the elimination of the machinery for 
 psychic impression, the several parts of which I 
 have just listed. 
 
 Revulsion from Old The- 
 ories Concerning Matter. 
 
 There is no doubt that 
 the revulsion taking place from the old theories 
 concerning matter is having its effect on medical 
 opinions. Atoms were formerly supposed to be 
 the smallest particles into which matter could be 
 divided. Matter itself was held to be an entity. 
 We have been told by scientists that the atoms 
 representing the constituents of matter are 
 
REVULSION FROM OLD METHODS. 53 
 
 nothing but vortex rings of ether. At last it has 
 been found that even atoms are divisible into 
 still smaller units, each of those of the new sub- 
 stance, radium, containing 150,000 of them, 
 with each unit, or ion, rotating at tremendous 
 speed. It is said that 11,200 of such ions in 
 each atom would produce oxygen and 137,000 of 
 them gold. 
 
 Prof. Crooks says "that not only are the 
 atoms apparently going to pieces, but the 
 masses of molecules probably dissolve themselves 
 into the ether waves which fill the universe or 
 into electrical energy. Thus zee stand on the 
 border line where matter and force pass into each 
 other \" 
 
 Thus the material and the spiritual have so 
 changed our concepts of the cosmos and its 
 forces that we are prepared to accept the con- 
 stituent unity of all things. The power that 
 causes the protoplasmic cell to develop into the 
 human form is the same power that enables us to 
 realize our existence. The energy seen in the 
 majesty of a tornado is the same that exhales in 
 the perfume of the flower and that gives to all 
 pleasure its zest. 
 
 The true etiology of disease will be found to 
 lie in the subtle and insidious action of unseen 
 forces, operating upon the subconscious nature; 
 and the efficient cure will be recognized, not so 
 much in the remedy that acts according to the 
 laws of physics as that which reaches deeper, 
 having its tap root in the metaphysical sphere. 
 
 Hitherto we have been dealing with secondary 
 causes. We shall now be led to recognize and 
 consider first causes. 
 
54 PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICINE. 
 
 Unity of All Things. 
 
 Emerson foreshadowed a truth 
 which is becoming recognized, the effect of 
 which on medicine is bound to be tremendous. 
 I quote: 
 
 11 There is one mind common to all individual men. 
 Every man is an inlet to the same and to all of the 
 same. What Plato thought, he may think; what a 
 saint has felt, he may feel; who hath access to the Uni- 
 versal Mind is a party to all that is or can be done, for 
 this is the only sovereign agent. Of this Universal 
 Mind each individual is one or more incarnation." 
 
V 
 
 New Methods 
 
 (SB) 
 
'Not at all times is everything equally ripe for inquiry. 
 There is a phase, or it may be a fashion, even in science. 
 I spoke of geographical exploration as the feature of 
 Elizabeth's time. Astronomical inquiry succeeded it. 
 Optics and Chemistry were the dominating sciences of 
 the early part of the nineteenth century, Heat and Geol- 
 ogy of the middle. Electricity and Biology of the latter 
 portion. Not yet has our branch of Psychology had its 
 phase of popularity ; nor am I anxious that it should be 
 universally fashionable. It is a subject of special interest 
 and therefore perhaps of special danger. In that respect 
 it is like other studies of the operations of mind, like a 
 scientific enumeration of the phenomena of religion, for 
 iD stance, like the study of anything which in its early 
 stages looks mysterious and incomprehensible. Training 
 and some admixture of other studies are necessary for its 
 healthy investigation. The day will come when the science 
 will put off its foggy aspect, bewildering to the novice, and 
 become easier for the less well-balanced and more ordi- 
 narily-equipped explorer. At present it is like a mountain 
 shrouded in mist whose sides offer but little secure foot- 
 hold, where climbing, though possible, is difficult and 
 dangerous."— Sir Oliver Lodge. 
 
 'Old beliefs, while they have a right to good standing, have 
 no right to exemption from investigation. Nor have they 
 a right to deny the value of new concepts without ad- 
 equate inquiry and experiment."— .Lecwftt. 
 
 (66) 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 NEW METHODS. 
 
 Upward and Onward Trend. 
 
 The trend of events is 
 continually onwards. Every experience that 
 comes into an individual life should be looked 
 upon as the bearer of some message to that in- 
 dividual soul. It is a harbinger of peace. Like- 
 wise every event is but a link in the chain of di- 
 vine purpose that binds humanity to higher 
 ideals and more elaborate unfoldment. 
 
 The course is onward, ever onward. 
 
 Look at the marvelous discoveries being made 
 in physics and the equally wonderful adaptation 
 of forces to the accomplishment of the world's 
 work. Notice also, if you will, that man is con- 
 tinually moving into what was once regarded as 
 the terra incognita, the vast undiscovered, the 
 deeply mysterious phenomena of nature which at 
 one time, to the undeveloped mind, appeared to 
 be the very mantle of Deity, 
 
 Movement Too Slow. 
 
 As already pointed out, there 
 has been an equal advance toward an appreci- 
 ation of the meaning of phenomena pertaining to 
 medical science and a moderate utilization of such 
 knowledge by therapeutics. But, somehow, reg- 
 ular medicine appears to have been slower to 
 avail itself of the discoveries and adaptations 
 made in collateral sciences than it should have 
 
 (57) 
 
58 SOME NEW METHODS. 
 
 been. Wrapped in its robes of pride and self- 
 sufficiency it has said, in effect, if not in precise 
 terms : ' ' I ask no extrinsic aid. I can differen- 
 tiate and prognosticate even if I cannot cure." 
 And meanwhile people have been dying who 
 might have been saved and a wail of woe has 
 risen to the ears of Heaven. 
 
 I quote from an editorial which appeared in a 
 popular and well-conducted medical journal of 
 the dominant school a few months ago: 
 "Herbert Spencer says that 'Life is adjustment, and 
 as is the degree of life so is the degree of adjustment.' 
 We cease to live as soon as we cease to be able to ad- 
 just ourselves to the destructive forces that constantly 
 surround us. The physician's function is to direct the 
 internal adjustment of the body so as to overcome, or 
 pass safely, dangers to life that occur in the course of 
 disease. Disease is a battle between the living cells of 
 the body and various destructive agencies. The want 
 of adjustment may mean the death of the patient. On 
 the doctor's skill and knowledge often depends the issue 
 of life or death. It is a most agonizing sight to see 
 people of ali ages and stations in life die around us in 
 multitudes every day and no one able to save them. 
 If we could only assist the body to make the proper degree of 
 adjustment, all these precious lives might be saved. All 
 so-called incurable diseases are only so because human 
 knowledge has not advanced far enough to see how to 
 make the proper adjustment. 'Every death of child or 
 adult that occurs from disease, where the usual lines of treat- 
 ment have been pursued, is evidence of the woeful ignorance 
 of our age. If enough were known to be able to make 
 the oroper adjustment at the proper time such deaths 
 could not occur. When the doctor sits helplessly by 
 and day by day sees the life of his patient steadily 
 losing its grip upon the various functions of the body, 
 knowing full well that it is only the matter of a few days 
 or a few hours when all will be over, how often will he 
 ponder as to- whom to blame for the condition of impo- 
 tence in which he finds himself? The ignorant masses 
 blame him whenever such scenes occur. The more in- 
 
INCENTIVE TO ADOPT NEW METHODS. 59 
 
 telligent, feeling that he has done his best, exonerate 
 him from all blame and seldom ask themselves whether 
 or not blame should be attached somewhere." 
 
 The possibilities of cure are undoubtedly 
 great. But the physician and the scientist find 
 the door of achievement wide open before them 
 and the wail of humanity bids them enter. Old 
 methods have certainly shown themselves to be 
 inadequate. Then why not, in the name of all 
 that is good, tack to them, or substitute for them, 
 other methods which bear the credentials of 
 reason and experience, and make tentative use of 
 them? 
 
 Abundant Incentives to Study 
 and Adopt New Methods. 
 
 "If we could only assist 
 the body to make the proper degree of adjust- 
 ment all these precious lives might be saved," 
 very truthfully says our editor. Not only could 
 disease thus be cured, but thus, pre-eminently, 
 could disease be prevented. 
 
 One disease prevented is worth ten cured. 
 
 The great English barrister, Erskine, at an 
 early stage of his splendid career, struggling 
 with poverty but cherishing a towering ambition, 
 took a most audacious stand before the court in 
 the trial of an important case in which he was en- 
 gaged as a mere assistant, outranking his associ- 
 ates in the force and ardor of his plea and win- 
 ning in the face of stout opposition. On being 
 subsequently questioned by a friend as to the 
 tremendous incentive that must have been behind 
 his action he declared that he felt the clutch of 
 his children's hands at the tails of his coat as 
 he plead, and heard their piteous cry for bread. 
 
60 SOME NEW METHODS. 
 
 A similar incentive should move the physician 
 to provide the means of relief for suffering hu- 
 manity. He cannot afford to stand complacent- 
 ly on his dignity, saying to those who point out 
 possible aid: 
 
 1 'I do not like its source and I do not believe 
 the testimony concerning its virtues. " 
 
 Let him make a systematic investigation and a 
 test of the claims, for only in this way can the 
 value of a method be determined. 
 
 Principles of the New Methods. 
 
 The new methods in- 
 volve certain principles that may be expressed in 
 the propositions which follow. 
 
 First: That man is endowed with a dual 
 mind, termed objective and subjective, conscious 
 and unconscious (or subconscious). 
 
 Second: That the objective mind is under 
 control of the volition and gives conscious di- 
 rection to human energies. 
 
 Third: That the subjective mind has control 
 of the organic functions, regulates the vital 
 action, is the storehouse of energy, has compre- 
 hensive and accurate memory, is the repository of 
 all habits and of automatic action in general. It 
 •is understood also to possess powers peculiar to 
 itself, such as thought-transferrence and clair- 
 voyance and is supposed to be the side of mind 
 which lies open toward the Universal or Infinite. 
 
 Fourth: That the subjective mind is amen- 
 able to instruction and direction by the objective 
 mind, not only of the subject but of others. 
 This effect is supposed to be wrought through 
 the power of conscious will. The method of 
 conveying the impression is commonly termed 
 
PRINCIPLES OF NEW METHODS. 61 
 
 suggestion. When applied to self it is auto- 
 suggestion. Suggestion is given through (1) one 
 or more of the five senses or through (2) the 
 mere power of concentrated thought. Distance 
 is supposed to be no bar to thought suggestion. 
 
 Fifth: That the subjective mind, not being 
 able to carry on inductive reasoning, but being 
 capable of superb deductive action, is peculiarly 
 susceptible to impressions, and by proper man- 
 agement can be made an obedient servant. 
 
 Sixth : That all disease has its origin in the 
 mind, the subjective taking its cue from its en- 
 vironment, from the fears, the constitutional 
 bent, the impressions received from other minds, 
 misinterpreted sensations, etc. 
 
 Seventh : That prevention of disease consists 
 in keeping the subjective mind under the power 
 of wholesome suggestion; and that the cure of 
 disease consists in the use of suggestions running 
 counter to disease and the establishment of sub- 
 conscious thoughts of health, inculcated by 
 conscious volition. 
 
 These are the basic principles of all methods of 
 psychic cure, though not always acknowledged 
 or understood by those who practice them. The 
 systematic adaptation of them to medical prac- 
 tice is what I hope herein to accomplish. 
 
1 \ou can no more filter your mind into purity than you 
 can compress it into calmness ; you must keep it pure if 
 you ■would have it pure, and throw no stone into it if you 
 would have it quiet."— Rusktn. 
 
 (62) 
 
VI 
 
 New Methods in Detail 
 
 (63) 
 
"If any scientific society is worthy of encouragement and 
 support it should surely be this. If there is any object 
 worthy the patient and continued attention of humanity, 
 it is surely these great and pressing problems of whence, 
 what and whither, that have occupied the attention of 
 Prophet and Philosopher since time was. The discovery 
 of a new star, or of a marking on Mars, or of a new element, 
 or of a new extinct animal or plant, is interesting: surely 
 the discovery of a new human faculty is interesting, too. 
 Already the discovery of ' telepathy ' constitutes the first- 
 fruits of this society's work, and it has laid the way open 
 to the discovery of much more. Its aim is nothing less 
 than the investigation and better comprehension of human 
 faculty, human personality and human destiny." — Sir 
 Oliver Lodge, Pres. of the Psychic Research Society. Pres- 
 idential address Jan. 30th last. 
 
 "The evidence that the brain cortex regulates absorption, 
 secretion, vascular tension and the anabolic and katabolic 
 process in the cells of the tissues may now be regarded as 
 complete. Sores in many melancholies will not heal. 
 Gland and lung tissue in idiots and dements are unable to 
 resist the attacks of the tubercle bacillus, so that two- 
 thirds of our idiots and one-third of our dements die of tu- 
 bercular diseases/ 1 — Prof. Clouston. 
 
 "A great many so-called illnesses are probably the result of 
 boredom— that is, lack of some mental stimulus sufficiently 
 strong to overcome the frequent disquieting symptoms to 
 which humanity is heir and which undoubtedly can often 
 be converted into bona fide ailments by mental suggestion. 
 This is certainly true of three-fourths of my lady's indispo- 
 sitions, which disappear as if by magic under the skillful 
 and tactful physician who combines a knowledge of the 
 world with the skill of an JSsculauius."— N. F. Tribune. 
 
 
 (64) 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL, 
 
 Duality of Mind. 
 
 In claiming for man a dual mind it 
 matters little whether the duality be regarded in 
 the sense of separate minds or merely as sepa- 
 rate departments or phases of mind. So far as 
 the brain and nervous system are concerned it is 
 not assumed, by any one competent to hold an 
 opinion, that there is an exact division, though 
 it appears to be probable that the cerebrum is 
 the particular part of the brain which has most 
 to do with conscious life and thought. That 
 conscious action utilizes every part of the brain 
 and nervous system is quite probable. I sup- 
 pose it may be justly added that consciousness 
 itself is in a measure dependent on the* integrity 
 of certain parts usually regarded as belonging to 
 the unconscious. 
 " Certain mental feelings seem connected with differ- 
 ent parts of the body — love with the heart and melan- 
 choly with the liver, while to arrive at the highest 
 point of mental insight there has always been a ten- 
 dency to direct the thoughts to the pit of the stomach, 
 or just above the navel; here lies the great solar plexus, 
 the chief center of the sympathetic system. Many 
 feelings are connected with this region, and we speak of 
 a sickening story, sickening thoughts, etc. The Bible 
 speaks of 'bowels of mercies,' 'straitened in your 
 own bowels,' etc." — Scbofield. 
 
 The new methods, it will be understood, re- 
 ject the suggestion offered by some, that mind 
 
 3 (65) 
 
66 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 can be interpreted in terms of matter. The 
 brain and nervous systems are regarded as 
 media merely, mind itself being independent, 
 and human mind but "an inlet" of the Univer- 
 sal Mind. 
 
 CO/VSC/OUSNESS 
 
 Figure 1. A Schematic Representation of the Dual Mind. 
 
 In this view I do not need to say they are 
 sustained by the best authorities. 
 " Here, indeed, we arrive at a barrier," remarks Herbert 
 Spencer, * 'which needs to be perpetually pointed out 
 alike to those who seek materialistic explanations of 
 mental phenomena and to those who are alarmed lest 
 such explanations may be found. The last class prove 
 by their fears almost as much as the first prove by 
 their hope, that they believe that mind may possibly be 
 interpreted in terms of matter, whereas 
 there is not the remotest possibility of so interpreting it. 
 For the concept we form of matter is but the symbol of 
 some form of power absolutely and forever unknown to 
 us. Mind is also unknowable, and the simplest form 
 under which we can think of its substance is but a sym- 
 bol of something that can never be rendered into 
 thought. Nevertheless, we are compelled to choose be- 
 tween translating mental phenomena into physical phe- 
 nomena or of translating physical phenomena into men- 
 tal phenomena — the latter alternative would seem the 
 more acceptable." 
 
 Relations of Cerebral Structures 
 to the Two Phases of Mind. 
 
 A word more con- 
 cerning the brain structure in its relation to con- 
 scious and unconscious mentation, and then we 
 
NERVOUS STRUCTURES. 67 
 
 shall - turn to other interesting features of the 
 subject. 
 
 "The cortex is the seat of conscious sensation, though 
 we are by no means conscious of all that takes place 
 even in the cortex; for innumerable sensations may, and 
 probably do, continually reach it, of which we are 
 wholly or partially unconscious; in many cases, of course, 
 this is accounted for by non-attention. On the other 
 hand, it would appear from recent researches that it is 
 not possible to be conscious of any currents that do 
 not reach the surface of the brain." 
 
 It is unnecessary for me to add that duality of 
 mind is by no means a new theory ; on the con- 
 trary, it formed an essential feature of certain 
 ancient philosophies. 
 
 Anatomy and Physiology 
 of the Nervous Structures. 
 
 Without purposing to en- 
 ter into a minute account of the physical struct- 
 ures I want merely to call attention to the rec- 
 ognized fact that every superior being is made 
 up of an aggregation of cytods and cells. In 
 the various organs these minute structures are 
 associated in purpose and endeavor to carry on 
 a certain definite work, and it is true that their 
 co-operation for a specific purpose is marvelous- 
 ly intelligent and efficient. The cytod is an 
 atom of simple plasson. The cell proper has 
 been differentiated into nucleus and proto- 
 plasm. These cells have become differentiated 
 with special reference to the purpose or motif 
 for which they have been placed in the organism 
 and their various and associated duties have 
 been clearly and definitely assigned. 
 
 What strikes the student of physiology and 
 psychology with peculiar force is the phenomena 
 
OS NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 associated with the action of both the individual 
 cells and the several groupings of them in par- 
 ticular organs, which indicate true intelligence. 
 Each cell has its peculiar part to perform, and, 
 in the line of its duty, manifests not only power 
 of choice, but also memory and wonderful 
 adaptation of means to the accomplishment of 
 purpose. 
 
 It is these phenomena characterizing cell life 
 that lead biologists to regard individual cells as 
 distinct organisms. Quite in consonance, then, 
 with the views of evolution now held, a higher an- 
 imal may be regarded as truly a colony, or, better 
 still, a confederacy of protozoans (single-celled 
 organisms). ' 'Every one of the cells composing 
 such an animal has retained its primitive prop- 
 erties, giving them a higher degree of perfec- 
 tion by division of labor and by selection. " — Binet. 
 
 In the associations of cells constituting organs, 
 where there is a common motif manifested and 
 an intelligent co-operation to accomplish an end, 
 there are indications of a ruling intelligence, or 
 central power, which presides over the organiza- 
 tion and is responsible for co-ordinate action. 
 
 These phenomena have drawn from Haeckel 
 the suggestion that each organ should be re- 
 garded as an individual (Techlology). The sev- 
 eral organs, taken together, may then well be 
 looked upon as a confederacy under a central 
 control, constituting an individual ego in mani- 
 festation. 
 
 Various Designations 
 of Central Intelligence. 
 
 Scientists may differ as to 
 the proper terminology by which the central in- 
 
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 
 
 telligence should be designated; but no one de- 
 nies its existence or its power to control its mill- 
 ions of subordinates. Thus it has been called 
 the "subjective mind, " the ' 'subconscious mind, " 
 the "unconscious mind," the "secondary 
 self," the "subliminal consciousness," the "com- 
 munal soul," the "secondary personality," etc., 
 the various terms employed being determined 
 largely by the point of view from which the sub- 
 ject is treated. 
 
 " Philosophers may differ in opinion as to its origin 
 and its ultimate destiny; and biologists may not be agreed 
 as to just what it is — that is to say, whether it is the 
 sum of all the intelligences of which the body is com- 
 posed or whether it is an independent entity capable of 
 surviving the dissolution of the confederacy which it 
 controls. 
 
 " It is, however, a work of superrogation to dwell upon 
 the obvious fact that a confederation of intelligences, 
 organized for a specific purpose, must act in subordi- 
 nation to some central power or authority. Such a 
 power is as much a biological necessity as an executive 
 officer is a political necessity to a state or nation." 
 
 Means of Communication 
 Between the Several Parts. 
 
 I have finally to call at- 
 tention to the means of communication between 
 the several parts of the systems thus organ- 
 ized in order to complete this glance at what 
 constitutes the framework upon which the 
 claims of the new methods of cure are based. 
 
 First of all we should remember the pos- 
 sibility, elsewhere mentioned, of communication 
 in an effective way not only between detached 
 minds — more especially between subjective and 
 subjective — but also between the great central 
 mind and the lesser minds of the body, throitgh 
 
70 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 the tiniversal ether (i. e., independently of the 
 nervous system). But at present this possibility 
 stands, in the minds of most people, as a mere 
 hypotheses, as stood wireless telegraphy a dec- 
 ade ago. 
 
 How far the ordinary cells, as well as the cells 
 differentiated for specific purposes other than 
 mere transmission of stimuli, are capable of act- 
 ing in a vicarious manner in emergencies is not 
 yet known. 
 
 Of course the nerves are the chief, and the 
 most facile, media of communication, and it is by 
 virtue of the facilities for communication thus 
 afforded that the several parts of the body are 
 kept in co-ordination. 
 
 As to the precise mode of action involved in 
 the production of the phenomena of thought 
 transmission from one part of the system to an- 
 other we have little more than theory to offer, 
 though the hypothesis put forth appeals very 
 strongly to reason. A glance at this and then 
 we shall proceed with the more definite purpose 
 of our study. 
 
 In their study of brain anatomy during the 
 last decade scientists have arrived at a solution 
 
 Figure 2. Pyramidal Nerve Cells Found Chiefly in the Brain.— McKendriclt 
 
NERVOUS STRUCTURES. 
 
 71 
 
 of many mental phenomena which before had 
 greatly puzzled them. The essay of Prof. 
 Raymon y Cajal of Spain, which was awarded 
 the prize of the International Medical Congress 
 a few years ago, is among the most important 
 contributions to our knowledge of brain anatomy 
 and physiology. Prof. Cajal showed that the 
 principal elements in brain tissue are nerve cells, 
 and that each cell is a distinct entity. Its 
 branches, or filaments, form temporary con- 
 
 Figtjee 3. From a piece of Spinal Cord. A and B , ganglion cells ; D, axis 
 cylinder ; p, protoplasmic process ; c, neuroglia coils.— Banvier from Edinger, 
 
 Am. Ed. 
 
72 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 nections with contiguous cells, and in this way 
 a continuous circuit is provided. The con- 
 struction and mechanism are the same through- 
 out brain and nerve tissue. Waldeyer calls 
 these cells "neurons," and his theory of nerve 
 anatomy and physiology has been generally 
 adopted. 
 
 Cajal also mentions certain cells which lie be- 
 tween the neurons, and which, under the action 
 of volition, so change their form as to act as in- 
 hibitors of nerve impulses. 
 
 IN THE LIGHT OF THIS NEURON THEORY OF THE 
 NERVOUS SYSTEM WE HAVE THE COMPLETION OF A 
 MOST SATISFACTORY BASIS FOR THE PSYCHOLOGICAL 
 SYSTEM OF CURE TO WHICH THIS WORK IS INTENDED 
 TO CALL ATTENTION. 
 
 Cardinal Features 
 of the Brain. 
 
 As I am now addressing medical 
 men it is unnecessary for me to do more than 
 allude to the cardinal features of the brain, 
 spinal cord and the lesser ganglia, which con- 
 stitute the essentials of the great nervous system. 
 This I shall do as expeditiously as is consistent 
 with my purpose. 
 
 Mental facts cannot be properly studied apart 
 from the physical environment of which they 
 take cognizance. And yet we are to remember 
 as we study the physical that the conviction is 
 general, even among the most materialistic, that 
 mental life is essentially teleological. 
 
 Says Prof. James: "The brain is a sort of 
 pons asinorumm anatomy until one gets a cer- 
 tain general conception of it as a clew. Then 
 it becomes a comparatively simple affair." 
 
CARDINAL FEATURES OF THE BRAIX. 73 
 
 In the development of all the higher verte- 
 brates, the cerebro-spinal axis is formed by a 
 hollow tube containing fluid and terminated in 
 front by an enlargement, separated by trans- 
 verse constrictions into three cerebral vesicles. 
 
 The middle vesicle in the process of develop- 
 ment changes least of all. The upper walls 
 thicken into the corpora quadri gemina\ its lower 
 walls become the crura\ and its cavity is con- 
 verted into the Aqueduct of Silvius. 
 
 Changes in the other vesicles are more pro- 
 nounced. The walls of the posterior vesicle 
 thicken to form the cerebellum above the pons 
 varolii below, while still below that they form 
 the medulla oblongata. From the anterior 
 vesicle are formed the optic thalami and the 
 cerebral hemispheres. The convolutions are 
 formed from the walls of the vesicle in such a 
 way that the convoluted surface finally comes to 
 enfold and cover the entire cerebrum. Connec- 
 tion between the two hemispheres is formed 
 chiefly by means of the optic thalami and the 
 transverse fibers at the corpus callosum. Just in 
 front of the last-named body lies the corpus 
 striatum. 
 
 The surface of the convolutions is covered 
 with gray matter which is termed cortex. The 
 cortex has been called by Meynert the surface of 
 projection for every muscle and every sensitive 
 point of the body. The muscles and the sensi- 
 tive points are represented each by a cortical 
 point, and the brain is little more than the sum 
 of all these cortical points, to which, on the mental 
 side, as many sensations and ideas correspond. 
 "The sensations and ideas of sensation and of 
 
74 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 motion are, in turn, the elements out of which 
 the mind is built." 
 
 Physiologists have established beyond question 
 that the central convolutions, on either side of 
 
 Figure 4. The Primary "Cerebral Vesicles." 
 
 the Fissure of Rolando, are the region from 
 which all the motor incitations which leave the 
 cortex pass out. This may be called the "motor 
 
 zone." 
 
 "The highest centers probably contain nothing but 
 arrangements for representing impressions and move- 
 ments and other arrangements for coupling the 
 activity of these arrangements together. Currents 
 pouring in from the sense organs first excite some ar- 
 rangements, which in turn excite others, until at last a 
 discharge downwards of some sort occurs. When this 
 is once grasped there remains little ground for asking 
 whether the motor zone is exclusively motor, or sensa- 
 tion as well."— James. 
 
 It is a mere glance, but what has been given 
 concerning the brain will probably suffice for the 
 purposes of this work. 
 
 Cardinal Features of 
 the Nervous System. 
 
 The nervous system in all 
 vertebrated animals consists of two distinct por- 
 tions — viz. : the cerebrospinal and the sympathetic 
 or ganglionic. 
 
FEATURES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 75 
 
 The cerebro-spinal system includes the brain 
 and spinal cord and the cranial and spinal 
 nerves. 
 
 The sympathetic system consists of a chain of 
 ganglia connected by nervous cords, extending 
 from the cranium to the pelvis, along each side 
 of the vertebral column, and from which nerves 
 with large ganglionic masses proceed to the 
 viscera and blood-vessels in the cavity of the 
 chest, abdomen and pelvis. It has been called 
 the nervous system of organic life, since it regu- 
 lates, under the power of unconscious will, the 
 due performance of the functions of organic life. 
 
 The only sympathetic nerve that I shall men- 
 tion, and the most important, is the great 
 sphlanchnic. It arises from the fifth, sixth, 
 seventh, eighth and ninth thoracic ganglia, the 
 roots forming a large round cord passing down- 
 wards and fonvards, piercing the diaphragm 
 and ending in the semilunar ganglion. The 
 semilunar ganglia, with the nerves entering and 
 emerging from them, combine to form the solar 
 plexus, which, because of the mass of nervous 
 matter that it embraces, has been called the 
 abdominal brain. 
 
 The nervous matter of various parts, like that 
 of the brain, takes on two distinct forms, the vesi- 
 cular and the fibrous. The vesicular matter is 
 gray in color and granular in texture, is well 
 supplied with blood and contains nucleated nerve 
 cells. This gray matter is immediately asso- 
 ciated with nervous action and is the seat -in 
 which the force manifested in nervous action 
 originates. It is found only in the nervous 
 centers. In the brain it lies on the surface of 
 the convolutions; but in the spinal cord it lies 
 
76 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 upon the inside, being covered by fibrous matter. 
 In the ganglia the gray matter and the fibrous 
 matter are more or less uniformly associated. 
 
 It will be remembered that the impulses which 
 the nerves of the body are fitted to convey may 
 be either afferent or efferent: that is to say, they 
 may be excited by stimulating the terminals or 
 may be generated within the larger centers. 
 
 Physiological Functions 
 of Cerebral Center. 
 
 In assuming the existence of 
 a dual mind, it is presumed that the objective 
 mind has charge of all the voluntary movements, 
 while to the subjective are given over all involun- 
 tary action, including the organic functions. 
 
 Concerning this division there will be no ob- 
 jection by any one, even the most materialistic. 
 But the objection will be raised by many in ac- 
 crediting to either mind certain alleged occult 
 powers, such as thought-transferrence and clair- 
 voyance. 
 
 I shall not at this time take up a discussion of 
 telepathy, though it be a subject which lies very 
 near the heart of every believer in psychic heal- 
 ing, whether he be christian scientist or a mere 
 believer in psycho-therapeutics. The subject is 
 discussed at some length in the chapters on 
 "Telepathy" and "The Question of Absent 
 Treatment." 
 
 Clairvoyance is a topic entirely foreign to our 
 present purpose and will not be touched upon. 
 
 That the subjective mind, or at any rate the 
 subconscious phase of mind, is the side of us 
 open toward the Universal, not many will feel 
 disposed to question. 
 
CONTROL OF SUBJECTIVE ACTION. 77 
 
 Objective Control of 
 Subjective Action. 
 
 Few are inclined to doubt the 
 control over the human organism exercised by 
 the subjective mind, while, on the other hand, 
 relatively few are prepared to admit that the 
 subjective mind is amenable to direction and 
 education. Indeed, it is commonly believed 
 that man has little or no control over the so- 
 called involuntary muscles and the organic func- 
 tions. It is just here that the battle must be 
 fought, for upon the hypothesis of pronounced 
 amenability of the subconscious mind to the con- 
 scious will, rests the foundation of the new 
 methods. 
 
 According to Prof. Schmidt the unconscious 
 mind is exemplified in plants. To some the 
 thought that plants possess mind may be start- 
 ling, and yet a study of cell life appears to dem- 
 onstrate that they do. They furnish conspicuous 
 evidences of real intelligence. A single example 
 may not be superfluous. In plants with large 
 and broad leaves, as in the instance of the rub- 
 ber plant, too rapid and extensive evaporation is 
 prevented by a glaze given the leaf which pre- 
 vents free exit of moisture. It may be said that 
 this is a mere natural adaptation of means to 
 ends and does not indicate a localization of mind 
 in the organism itself. The contention is not 
 that the action indicates conscious action any 
 more than does the free opening of sweat ducts 
 in the human organism on a hot day. It is 
 evident, however, that the restriction of perspira- 
 tion in the one and the promotion of it in the 
 other are phenomena originating in the subcon- 
 sciousness of each and that they do represent 
 
78 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 intelligence. In very dry climates the large 
 leaves escape the withering effect of the sun by 
 turning their edges to its rays. In either in- 
 stance the drying effect produced by rapid ab- 
 straction of moisture would probably be fatal. 
 
 That plants are susceptible to suggestion is 
 evidenced by the satisfactory response they give 
 to the care bestowed by one who loves them. 
 It has become axiomatic that the lover of plants 
 succeeds far better with them than do those who 
 give them equal attention under the impulse of 
 mere duty. It would appear that the fig tree 
 really felt so powerfully the curse pronounced 
 upon it by Jesus, because of its sterility, that it 
 immediately withered. 
 
 Certain flowers fold their petals just as 
 promptly at midday as at evening, if enshrouded 
 in darkness; and on restoration of the light they 
 open again. The horticulturist and the flori- 
 culturist have learned various methods of 
 plant deception by means of which they are able 
 to influence the development of the organisms in 
 which they are interested. 
 
 You have but to consult experienced men in 
 this line to learn many wonderful things clearly 
 evidencing the power of suggestion over plant 
 life. 
 
 I quote from an excellent article that recently 
 came under my notice: 
 
 u The forcing process is assisted by a peculiar and in- 
 genious method, the lilac plants being put under the in- 
 fluence of an anaesthetic to make them bloom more 
 quickly. For this purpose they are placed in an airti'ght 
 wooden box, with an uncorked bottle of ether and are 
 exposed to the fumes of the drug for about forty-eight 
 hours. Then they are taken out and being restored to 
 the greenhouse at once proceed to bloom, from ten 
 
 
CONTROL OF SUBJECTIVE ACTION. 79 
 
 days to two weeks being gained in the time of their 
 flowering. 
 
 " It is a most curious phenomenon and seems to be ex- 
 plained by the fact that the plants, before bearing flow- 
 ers, require a period of rest. In nature this period is the 
 winter, but, by putting the lilacs to sleep for a few days 
 artificially, the florist is able to cheat them into the be- 
 lief that they have had their repose, and, on waking up 
 again, they decide that it is time to bring forth their 
 flowers." 
 
 The subconscious mind of man, being far 
 more intelligent, more readily accepts what the 
 objective may offer. It is through it that en- 
 vironment acquires so profound control over us. 
 The circumstances of daily life, the weather, the 
 atmospheric pressure, the thought currents in 
 which we are immersed, and a thousand other 
 things are thus doing their work upon us either 
 for good or ill. There is no room for doubt con- 
 cerning this. We are being continually acted 
 upon in many ways, and, in the absence of par- 
 ticular direction, our subjective minds are con- 
 trolled in great measure by those suggestions 
 which most powerfully impress. 
 
 Our standard of ethics, our varying moods, 
 our physical states, our impulses and our intu- 
 itions thus often find their ultimate sources in 
 extraneous influences. 
 
 IN GRANTING THE POWER OF ENVIRONMENT WE 
 SHOULD OWN OUR HELPLESSNESS AND UTTER SUB- 
 JECTIVITY DID NOT THE POWER RESIDE WITHIN US 
 TO INHIBIT, TO MODIFY AND TO DIRECT. 
 
 All carefully noted observation and experi- 
 ence go to show that the subjective mind — the 
 
 GREAT REGULATOR AND CONTROLLER OF VITAL AC- 
 TIVITIES— IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO EDUCATION, BOTH FROM 
 WITHIN AND WITHOUT; BY OURSELVES AND BY 
 
80 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 others. It is of the utmost importance that 
 this conviction take possession of us, since with- 
 out it no progress in the new methods can be 
 made. 
 
 To him who does accept this as a profound 
 truth, possibilities of usefulness and happiness 
 open up to which others are entire strangers. 
 
VII. 
 
 New Methods in Detail 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (81) 
 
1 Where the normal man, with normal inclinations, 
 will And pleasure, the abnormal man. with abnormal in- 
 clinations, will encounter pain, and vice versa. Pleasure 
 and pain follow tendency, as the shadow follows the 
 body."— T. H. Ribot. 
 
 Our ego is the permanent nexus, which is never itself in a 
 state of consciousness, but which holds states of conscious- 
 ness together."— Herbert Spencer. 
 
 I hold that the enigma of hypnotism has no single answer 
 which solves it. * * * I hold emphatically that hypnotic 
 changes are primarily physiological, rather than patho- 
 logical—supernormal, rather than abnormal." 
 
 -F. W. H. Myers. 
 
 («2) 
 
 . 
 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL- Continued. 
 
 Suggestibility. 
 
 Effective mental healing is de- 
 pendent upon certain conditions, one of which is 
 receptivity on the part of the patient. His es- 
 sential co-operation with the healer is analogous 
 to that subsisting between pupil and teacher 
 The cure is effected by rousing into normal 
 activity soul powers lying dormant within, and 
 not through the arbitrary imposition of any 
 influence from without. The patient is not de- 
 ceived — truth alone is presented to his mind, 
 and when this reaches the plane of soul con- 
 sciousness it is immediately recognized, ac- 
 cepted and applied. All genuine healing, 
 therefore, in the last analysis, is ^^-healing. 
 A sick person is one lacking in self-knowledge ; 
 yet this quality inheres in the soul, and the 
 simple office of the healer is to bring it above 
 the threshold of consciousness — to render the 
 potential actual. 
 
 HEALTH 
 
 «*•*- 
 
 Figure 5. A Diagrammatic Representation of Suggestive Action. 
 
 At the same time it should be understood that 
 failure of the subject to unhesitatingly accept 
 
 (83) 
 
84 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 the suggestion does not prove an effectual bar. 
 Reiteration of the suggestion under auspicious 
 conditions may at last break down prejudice 
 and give full effect to our efforts. This is 
 wrought, it may be, not by direct conviction of 
 the reason, but by gradual and unconscious ac- 
 ceptance on the part of the subconscious faculty. 
 Though stoutly opposed by the objective thought, 
 it is taken up, little by little, into the uncon- 
 scious and worked out to a conclusion. A new 
 thought or a new custom appeals more forcibly 
 and more effectually to the subconscious. 
 
 It is common observation that, when we have 
 been studying hard upon something new, with but 
 little apparent progress, if we lay it by for a few 
 days or weeks, without conscious thought upon 
 it, on resuming our study we find that better 
 progress is made. The suggestions have 
 had time to do their work and there has been a 
 clarification of the mental turbidity. 
 
 Thus it is also that our opinions and prejudices 
 undergo change by a process of unconscious 
 rumination and unremembered reasoning. The 
 subjective has been busy with its propositions, 
 and, without our knowledge, our own deeper 
 selves have been conducting our education. 
 
 The Hypnotic State. 
 
 The state most favorable for 
 the reception of suggestion is that of hypnosis. 
 In that state the mind of the subject is most en 
 rapport with that of the operator, and the im- 
 pression is correspondingly profound. 
 
 Hypnosis has its advantages and its disad- 
 vantages from the physician's point of view. 
 
 Mr. F. W. H. Myers, for many years con- 
 
THE HYPNOTIC STATE. 85 
 
 spicuous as a scientific investigator of psychic 
 phenomena, well illustrates the value and action 
 of hypnotism in the following words: 
 
 "In waking consciousness I am like the proprietor 
 of a factory whose machinery I do not understand. My 
 foreman — my subliminal self — weaves for me so many 
 yards of broadcloth per diem (my ordinary vital proc- 
 esses as a matter of course). If I want any pattern 
 more complex I have to shout my orders in the din of 
 the factory, where only two or three inferior workmen 
 hear me, and shift their looms in a small and scattered 
 way. Such are the confused and capricious results of 
 the first, the more familiar stages of hypnotic sugges- 
 tion. At certain intervals, indeed, the foreman steps 
 most of the looms, and uses the freed power to stoke 
 the engine and to oil the machinery. This, in my 
 metaphor, is sleep, and it will be effective hypnotic 
 trance if I can get tne foreman to stop still more of the 
 looms, come out of his private room, and attend to my 
 orders — my self-suggestions — for their repair and re- 
 arrangement. The question for us proprietors then is 
 how we can best get at our potent but secluded fore- 
 men; in what way we can make to our subliminal selves 
 effective suggestions. And here I think we are for the 
 present at the end of theory. We must look for 
 guidance to actual experience, not to hypnotism alone, 
 but to all forms of self-suggestion which are practically 
 found to remove and soothe the pains and weariness of 
 large masses of common men." 
 
 As a therapeutic measure in a large variety of 
 ailments, hypnotism is entitled to much confi- 
 dence and no fear of obloquy should deter one 
 from its use. "Be physicians and not hypno- 
 tizers, " says Dr. T. Lloyd Tuckey of Aberdeen, 
 ' ' but learn to apply hypnotism and be ready to 
 use it in suitable cases." 
 
 "With all the resources of latter day scientific re- 
 search at his disposal, there still remains a large field of 
 disease which is the despair of the physician. A large 
 section of it consists of disease caused by the imagi- 
 
86 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 nation or by causes which have had their first effect on the 
 imagination. These, as is truly pointed out, are any- 
 thing but imaginary diseases. It is in these cases that 
 the method of treatment by suggestion strikes at the 
 root of the evil in a manner that no other kind of treat- 
 ment can approach." 
 
 Professor H. H. Goddard, who has investi- 
 gated the subject of mental healing very thor- 
 oughly, publishes a table compiled from 414 
 cases treated by hypnotism by Drs. Van Rhen- 
 terghem and Van Eeden. Of these, 71 were 
 absolute failures, 92 were slightly or temporarily 
 helped, 98 were permanently or decidedly 
 ameliorated, 100 were cured, and 53 had results 
 unknown. The investigation shows (1) that the 
 deeper the hypnosis the larger the percentage of 
 cures; (2) that not all cases are cured; (3) that 
 some diseases are less amenable than others 
 to cure by hypnotism. 
 
 Dr. J. Milne Bramwell of London recently 
 reported 76 cases of dipsomania and chronic 
 alcoholism treated by him by hypnotic sugges- 
 tion. Twenty-eight were completely cured, 36 
 were improved and 12 were not helped. Only 
 those who had remained abstainers for three years 
 were reckoned as cured. 
 
 As a means of changing an evil or disagreeable 
 bent of mind, in either children or adults, it is to 
 be commended. 
 
 r One need not hesitate to employ hypnotism in 
 /any case of chronic disease when there is no sat- 
 isfactory response to other forms of treatment. 
 The limit of its power for good in the hands of 
 well-meaning physicians has not yet been deter- 
 mined. 
 
 Concerning the alleged ill-effects of repeated 
 hypnosis all I need to say is that it is the uniform 
 
HYPNOSIS NOT ESSENTIAL. 87 
 
 testimony of all who have used it extensively, in- 
 cluding Forel, Liebault, Bernheim, Wetterstrand, 
 Van Eeden, De Jong and Moll, that in no in- 
 stance have they witnessed either mental or 
 physical disturbance fairly attributable to it. 
 
 Like any other therapeutic measure, this also, 
 in the hands of the unskillful and designing, may 
 become an instrument of evil. 
 
 Hypnosis Not Essential 
 to Effective Suggestion. 
 
 But the power of suggestion 
 is not conditioned by hypnosis. It can be prac- 
 ticed with conspicuous success in any state 
 wherein the physician can command the pa- 
 tient's attention. 
 
 To succeed to our liking we must, in any case, 
 acquire control of the patient 's present thought, 
 so as to turn it whither we wilL The various 
 methods of doing this will be considered in their 
 proper places, it being the design of this chapter 
 to discuss only theories. 
 
 Mesmerism. 
 
 In recent years Braid's interpretation 
 of the phenomena to which he gave the name 
 "hypnotism" has been generally accepted. 
 What was formerly termed Mesmerism has been 
 included, against the protests of a few. 
 
 Thomas J. Hudson, in his Law of Mental 
 Medicine, has disputed at length, and with a 
 show of reason, the justice and wisdom of such 
 a classification. He says: 
 
 " I have already pointed out the fallacy of this belief so 
 far as material remedies are concerned. Elsewhere I 
 have pointed out the fact that Braid's experiments 
 demonstrated that adults could be hypnotized by his 
 
88 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 method when suggestion in any form was out of the 
 question; and the records of Mesmerism are overflowing 
 with evidence of the fact that many of its most im- 
 portant phenomena are produced under circumstances 
 that exclude oral suggestion, or its equivalents, as a 
 factor in the case. For instance, the fact that some 
 animals can be Mesmerized and others hypnotized 
 demonstrates the absence, in both cases, of either oral 
 suggestion or any form of larvated suggestion that 
 appeals to the intelligence of the subject. Moreover, 
 the fact that young children can be successfully treated 
 by Mesmeric methods, and not by the processes of hyp- 
 notism proper, is demonstrative of the fact, not only 
 that oral suggestion or its equivalent does not enter as 
 a factor in either case, but that the effects of Mesmerism 
 and hypnotism are due to radically and essentially dif- 
 ferent proximate causes. Again, what is of equal or of 
 greater interest and importance, it demonstrates the 
 vastly wider range of usefulness of Mesmerism over 
 hypnotism. ... It may be safely assumed that, 
 broadly speaking, physical contact is the one essential 
 feature of Mesmeric practice that distinguishes it from 
 that of hypnotism. At least it is the only visible, tangible 
 difference; and it is tacitly assumed to be the only differ- 
 ence by the enemies of Mesmerism who have sought to 
 show that physical contact is unnecessary. " 
 
 Hudson proceeds to put forth a hypothesis to 
 the effect that the clinical differences observed 
 are due essentially to the greater facility of 
 volitional action by virtue of contact, the action of 
 the neurons by which consecutive contact of fila- 
 ments is obtained being thus projected from one 
 nerve terminal in the operator to another nerve 
 terminal in the subject, thus bridging the abyss 
 otherwise existing between operator and patient. 
 
 From my own experience I am led to believe 
 that suggestion is much augmented in effect by 
 "the laying on of hands, " though the explana- 
 tory theory put forth by Hudson is not con- 
 vincing. 
 
VIII. 
 
 New Methods in Detail 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (89) 
 
"The ether fairly teems with the vibrating thoughts of by- 
 gone ages, and all that is necessary to become possessed of 
 this store of universal knowledge is to become sensitive to 
 ether vibrations and learn how to translate them into or- 
 dinary language. 1 ' 
 
 "The conscious mind is the balance wheel : it is the regula- 
 tor which determines the rapidity and character of vital 
 action. 
 
 "The subconscious is able to do many marvelous things and 
 does them even when the conscious is poorly calculated to 
 give wise direction; but its action is not uniform and 
 balanced and persistent."- Leavitt. 
 
 "We speak of the action of will. The muscles are said to 
 contract in response to it ; but to make a muscle act we do 
 not issue an order and then strenuously and anxiously 
 await its execution. Not at all. We merely move the part. 
 There is no effort. Just so must it be in the affairs of the 
 unseen realm. We will and act; ask and receive; seek 
 and find, all being accomplished in one related and un- 
 divided movement. There is no interval. We merely let 
 come what we desire. Our volition opens the gates and 
 the supply pours forth."— Leavitt. 
 
 "Anybody may go into the business of building his own 
 mind. The thinking organ undergoes perpetual changes 
 in cell structure and is never finished. 
 
 "Even in old age it is not too late. 
 Let the esoteric mind-builder systematically devote an 
 hour each day in calling up pleasant ideas and memories. 
 Let him summon the finer feelings of benevolence and un- 
 selfishness which are called up only now and then. Let 
 him make this a regular practice, like swinging dumb bells. 
 Let him gradually increase the time devoted to these psych- 
 ical gymnastics, giving them sixty or ninety minutes per 
 diem. 
 
 At the end of a month he will find the change in himself 
 surprising. The alteration will be apparent in his actions 
 and thoughts. 
 
 It will have been registered in the cell structure of his 
 brain. Cells useful for good thinking will have been well 
 developed, while others productive of evil will have shrunk. 
 Morally speaking, the man will be a great improvement on 
 his former self."— Elmer Gates. 
 
 (90) 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL— Continued. 
 
 The Theory of Auto-Suggestion. 
 
 The power of sugges- 
 tion which proves so effectual when employed by 
 another in one's behalf can be used with even 
 greater effect upon one's self. This may sound 
 like an extravagance, but it is not. It seems in- 
 credible to some that one may talk to one's self 
 with pronounced effect; and yet it is true. This 
 is one of the evidences of our duality of mind. 
 
 " An affirmation made even perfunctorily at first," says 
 Dr. M. Woodbury Sawyer, "if one can do no more, does 
 tend to unite with feeling and to become a thing of life. 
 A genuine willingness to try the experiment is all that is 
 necessary to prove the truth. If one persistently and 
 cheerfully 'whistles to keep up courage' there comes a 
 time when the bugle call to arms becomes a pean of joy 
 for an accomplished fact. But the affirmation without 
 expectancy, or, worse still, positively fearing the op- 
 posite, is building with one hand and tearing down with 
 the other, or starting the engine forward and immediate- 
 ly reversing it." 
 
 But there is force in method and it is of con- 
 siderable importance to observe the proper form- 
 ula. For the necessary instruction of the phy- 
 sician himself, and, through him, of his patients, 
 reference is made to Part II. 
 
 The reader will understand that the votaries of 
 psychic healing believe most emphatically that all 
 
 CURES ARE ESSENTIALLY SELF CURES. No matter 
 
 what the particular formula set, the real process 
 
 (91) 
 
92 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 of restoration is effected by the subconscious fac- 
 ulties of the patient. In all suggestion the appeal 
 is to the subjective. At the same time it will be 
 understood that the subconscious is approached 
 most commonly and most easily through the 
 conscious, as will be shown in the succeeding 
 chapter on "The Vehicles of Suggestion." 
 
 The subject of auto-suggestion has been intro- 
 duced for two specific reasons, the force of which 
 cannot fail of recognition. 
 
 First: That it is needed by the physician in 
 order that he may develop in himself the health, 
 the self-control, the strength, the poise, the en- 
 ergy, the wisdom, the courage, the persistency, 
 the faith, the altruism and the constancy re- 
 quired in one who seeks to become an efficient 
 physician and surgeon — a true healer. 
 
 Second: In order that the essential factors 
 involved in cure may be faithfully applied. One 
 cannot well be a good teacher without first pass- 
 ing through the curriculum. 
 
 The more we have of the same qualities that 
 in our patients are recognized as conducive to 
 mental and physical health, the more efficient we 
 become in the work, which, to be of the right 
 quality, must be to us a vocation rather than a 
 mere avocation. 
 
 One ship sails east and another sails west, 
 
 In the very same winds that blow; 
 'Tis the set of the sails, and not the gales, 
 That determines the way they shall go. 
 
IX 
 
 New Methods in Detail 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (93) 
 
'Washington IrviDg conld write well, bnt he could not make 
 a speech. Patrick Henry could make a speech that would 
 carry men off their feet by its eloquence, but he could not 
 write a creditable report."— Leavitt. 
 
 It is to be reckoned a piece of good fortune for a bright and 
 talented youth to fall under the dominating influence of a 
 master mind. In endeavoring to walk in the footsteps of 
 an intellectual giant, to comprehend his theories and specu- 
 lations and to carry the burden of his thought, unexpected 
 strength and power are developed, and when the day of 
 emancipation comes— as it always does come in the case of 
 gifted youth— the learner will find that he has entered a 
 higher sphere of intellectual activity and will henceforth 
 rank among the world's productive thinkers."— yathan C. 
 Schaeffer, " Thinking and Learning to Think.' 1 
 
 "Pluck wins ! It always wins ! 
 Though days be slow 
 And nights be dark 'twist days that come and go. 
 Still pluck will win ; its average is sure ; 
 He gains the prize who can the most endure— 
 Who faces issues, he who never shirks— 
 Who waits and watches, and who always works." 
 
 (94) 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL— Continued 
 THE VEHICLES OF SUGGESTION. 
 
 " Thought is feeling," says Carpenter. It is a 
 sensory product. To produce feeling there must 
 be either actual or recalled contact. All thought 
 springs from stimuli. These stimuli at one time 
 find entrance through the auditory canal, at 
 other times through the eye, often through the 
 touch and so on. Even taste exercises a similar 
 thought-creative influence. Besides the recog- 
 nized five senses it is quite probable that there 
 are occult senses — unknown and unclassified. 
 
 Patients no doubt differ in their receptivity, 
 owing in great measure to the difference in per- 
 meability of their thought channels. 
 
 In passing it may be said that a corresponding 
 inequality is found in healers, arising from the 
 difference in degree of their powers of thought 
 concentration and ideality. An imperfectly 
 formed and wavering concept cannot be driven 
 home with precision and penetration. 
 
 The principal vehicles of suggestion are the 
 voice and the touch. To these may be added 
 the physical expression of the operator and his 
 written thought. The suggestion itself is, of 
 course, a thought. 
 
 Nor ought I to omit mention of the atmos- 
 pheric ether, by means of which it is claimed 
 that the thoughts themselves can be conveyed 
 bodily from one to another, as in ' ' thought-trans- 
 
 (95) 
 
96 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 ferrence. " It is the accepted vehicle which 
 makes possible so-called "absent treatment." 
 
 Inasmuch as I discuss in another chapter the 
 essential qualifications of the operator I shall 
 now merely say that the vehicle, whether it be 
 voice, touch, physical expression or anything 
 else, must have something definite to carry, and it 
 must be projected in a way to make the recipient 
 feel that there is a "man behind the gun." 
 
 The Voice. 
 
 To make an efficient vehicle of the 
 voice there must be attention given to it: it must 
 be used in the right way. An energetic and 
 well-formed concept is often spoiled by seeming 
 indifference or by deficient energy in its delivery. 
 Did you never listen to an address of superb 
 character, full of helpful and interesting thought, 
 without being impressed, and mentally ejacu- 
 lated: "Oh, what an effect could have been 
 made by the same address had it been delivered 
 by a true orator!" 
 
 I am not unreasonable enough to maintain 
 that every physician who would successfully em- 
 ploy psychic therapeutics must become an elo- 
 cutionist. No, but I would have him cultivate 
 that part of true oratory which represents gen- 
 uine feeling — true sentiment. When the patient 
 is assured that there is a "balm in Gilead" for 
 her lesions, it should be in tones that carry con- 
 viction. 
 
 Personal magnetism consists chiefly of genuine 
 earnestness in what is said and done. To be 
 magnetic one must not only be attentive to the 
 thing in hand, but, like a good actor, he must 
 throw into it much of himself. It may be called 
 
VEHICLES OF SUGGESTION. 
 
 97 
 
 D.'Uii 
 
 Diagrammatic Representation of the Vehicles of Suggestion. 
 The continnons lines represent the objective, and the interrupted lines the 
 
 subjective. 
 4 
 
98 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 mental concentration — a genuine focusing of 
 power upon the one object. Such thought burns 
 its way. It is like the electric spark, full of 
 light and heat. 
 
 Men of power are always after this type. 
 Some of them are so by nature, while many 
 others have coveted and acquired the power. 
 All can develop a large measure of it, if they will, 
 and become successful in whatever they under- 
 take. 
 
 The Touch. 
 
 What I have said with respect to the 
 Voice is equally true of the Expression and the 
 Touch. The magnetic touch has behind it a 
 tremendous energy, representing faith in one's 
 self and in the outcome of one's effort, repre- 
 senting also pointed concentration of all the 
 thought at one's command. 
 
 It deserves also to be said that the five senses 
 represent nothing more than specialized, or differ- 
 entiated, feeling, or sensation. 
 
 The Need of Sincerity. 
 
 Bear in mind, also, that the 
 thought itself requires genuine conviction behind 
 it. To effect the designed result faith must 
 match faith. While I am convinced that the 
 doubter — the faithless — who can muster good 
 mental concentration will achieve far better re- 
 sults than the most genuine believer who is un- 
 able to command his own thought, I am of the 
 opinion that no true success is possible upon a 
 basis of deceit. 
 
THE NEED OF SINCERITY. 99 
 
 To Do Our Very Best 
 We Must Be Genuine. 
 
 The vibrations of insincerity are 
 cognizable by a sensitive subject. Some years ago 
 I knew a clergyman of much talent and energy 
 who was not giving the best satisfaction in the 
 society to which he preached. He was making a 
 fair endeavor and was exceedingly anxious to 
 please. Learning thatmany criticised the character 
 of his preaching, in desperation he declared that, 
 if the officials of the church would only intimate 
 to him the kind of preaching they wanted, he 
 would guarantee it to them. But this very offer 
 was his undoing, because it demonstrated, what 
 had long been felt, that he lacked the sincerity 
 which must characterize all truly successful effort. 
 
 L.ofC. 
 
Is life a failure ? Look within thy soul 
 And let thy Higher Self point out the goal 
 Of thy desire, which thou wilt never reach 
 Unless thou hearest what thy Seer can teach. 
 Have perfect faith in thine own power to do 
 The thing thou wishest, then be firmly true 
 To thine Ideal, until the world shall see 
 Success inherent in thy work and thee. 
 
 —Helen Chauncey. 
 
 (100) 
 
X. 
 
 New Methods in Detail 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (101) 
 
'The evidence for telepathy is both good and abundant." 
 
 —Frank Podmore. 
 
 'The philosopher is no longer regarded as the highest type 
 of humanity. The age demands that thought shall pass 
 into volition, and that volition shall find expression in 
 action," 
 
 'The conscious side of thought is sensation. It must be 
 because we remember it. There was contact and hence 
 memory. 
 
 'Is it not possible that we are bathed in a sea of motion 
 (thought), and that we feel what we invite— that is to say, 
 we feel what, by our development and volition, we attract? 
 In that case thoughts are things. They pass, and in pass- 
 ing leave their impress. 
 
 'Will is merely an adjustments turning of attention) The 
 next step is connecting sensation with consciousness. In 
 consciousness we perceive what we have continually, but 
 unconsciously, felt. We open our minds, or close them, in 
 willing, and thought does the rest. 
 
 'The thoughts themselves are evidently vibrations. If not, 
 how can thought be transferred from one mind to another, 
 as in telepathy?"— Leavitt. 
 
 'Men mark when they hit, and never mark when they miss." 
 
 —Bacon. 
 
 (MB) 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL— Continued. 
 TELEPATHY. 
 
 Concerning the question of the universal ether 
 as a bearer of thought I may now be indulged in 
 a few observations. 
 
 In these days of telegraphy and telephony 
 people are talking a great deal about telepathy 
 or thought-transferrence. The same phenom- 
 enon has also been called "mind reading." 
 
 Among people of all classes we find many who 
 have no faith whatever in the alleged phenomena 
 and many others who have unbounded confi- 
 dence in them. 
 
 The Psychic Research Society has done a 
 good deal to elucidate the phenomena ascribed 
 to telepathy, concerning which elucidation the 
 following summing up by a member of the so- 
 ciety, based upon undoubted phenomena, ought 
 to set the question at rest. That the atmos- 
 pheric ether, or something akin to it, as yet un- 
 recognized, does act as a vehicle of thought, 
 under conditions, the laws determining which are 
 not yet clear, appears to be a fact. 
 
 The results of investigations undertaken by the 
 Psychic Research Society are thus given by 
 Edward T. Bennett, who was for many years 
 one of the society's secretaries. He says: 
 "The conclusion seems to be irresistible, that the five 
 senses do not exhaust the means by which knowledge may 
 
 (103) 
 
104 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 enter the mind. In other words, the investigator seems 
 to be driven to the conclusion that Thought-Trans- 
 ferrence or Telepathy must now be included among 
 scientifically proved facts. The interpretation of the 
 facts, the means by which knowledge is thus conveyed, 
 the mode of its transmission, belong to a different 
 branch of the inquiry." 
 
 Experiments thus far made have translated 
 impressions in the terms of physical sense. To 
 learn what mind can really do in the direction of 
 sending out its thoughts, something more than 
 this is required. 
 
 ''It does not follow," says Leibnitz, "because 
 we do not perceive thought that it does not ex- 
 ist. It is a great source of error to believe there 
 is no perception in the mind but that of which it 
 is conscious.' ' That there is both an inner and 
 an outer sense of feeling finds color in a physi- 
 ological study of phenomena. Sensations are 
 produced and their effects follow without our 
 realizing either the perception or its effects. A 
 multitude of impressions are continually pelting 
 us, though we are conscious of but few of them. 
 Moreover, we should remember that the im- 
 pressions we do not recognize are not only there 
 just as much as those we do recognize, but that 
 they are sometimes more profound. 
 
 The nervous system is a harp with a thousand 
 strings, upon which the whole world of thought 
 and action is playing. Put your ear to the 
 sounding board of a piano and you will hear the 
 vibrations of wind and wave, of passing wagons 
 and trains, of footsteps and the lower hum of 
 cosmic motion. Just so do external forces 
 awaken harmonies or create discords within us. 
 We are elated or depressed, inspired, animated 
 and enlightened, or are discouraged and over- 
 
TELEPATHY. 105 
 
 come, but we know not why. Go deeply enough 
 and we shall find the cause. Sensations are only 
 the effects of vibrations. 
 
 Now here is the important consideration : from 
 
 OUT THIS MASS OF DIVERSIFIED VIBRATIONS WE CAN 
 LEARN TO ADMIT ONLY THOSE THAT MINISTER TO 
 
 comfort and profit. To all the others we may 
 become insensate. They reach us, to be sure, 
 but our minds may be so under control that they 
 shall be refused thought space, and accordingly 
 pass unnoticed and without pronounced effect. 
 
 F. W. H. Myers himself, after taking every 
 precaution against possible sources of error, wit- 
 nessed the effect of one mind upon another 
 through the power of hypnotism exercised at a 
 distance by a Dr. Gilbert. The doctor strongly 
 willed a woman more than a half-mile away to 
 come at once to his office. To be sure he had 
 frequently hypnotized her, but in this instance 
 the possibility of collusion or of post-hypnotic 
 suggestion was cautiously ruled out. 
 
 The woman came, in a state of hypnosis, and 
 remained under its power until released by the 
 doctor. 
 
 From a scientific work by Prof. Nathan C. 
 Schaeffer, entitled Cl Thinking and Learning to 
 Think," recently published, I take the following: 
 "The stimulating influences which go forth from a live 
 teacher are partly conscious and partly unconscious. 
 The latter are the more effective. Minds gifted with 
 quickening power create about themselves an 'intellect- 
 ual atmosphere' that is like the invigorating atmos- 
 phere of the mountains or the tonic breezes which 
 blow from the sea. The woman who touched the hem 
 of the Savior's garment felt at once the vivifying influ- 
 ences which were all the time going forth from the Great 
 Teacher. Here we stand face to face with the greatest mys- 
 tery of the teacher's art." 
 
106 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 Says Peter C. Austin: 
 
 " Particles of vibrations strike our nerve points in one 
 way and we see light or color; in another way and 
 we feel heat. Our nerves and brain transmute the mo- 
 tions into forms of sensation. The brain is the trans- 
 lator of motion into images; of sensations into ideas. 
 There is no reason why there should he any limit to the 
 modes of molecular or ethereal motion; hut our senses, as we 
 call our translators, are but few in number whence we recognise 
 but few of them ." 
 
 Our physical senses comprehend a certain 
 range of vibrations. All outside the range thus 
 far set for us is a blank: there is no conscious 
 recognition of anything. Animal life gives con- 
 clusive evidence of perception beyond the range 
 of human consciousness, and may we not fairly 
 conclude that there are many vibrations repre- 
 senting things beyond our present conscious ken ? 
 
 Moreover, since much of our life is hidden in 
 unconsciousness, have we not a right to assume 
 that the subconsciousness has senses of its own 
 that play an important part in determining con- 
 scious action and feeling? 
 
 Says Prof. Wm. James: 
 
 "Vibrations are, generally speaking, aerial waves. 
 When the waves are non-periodic the result is a noise; 
 when periodic it is a note or tone. Loudness depends 
 on force of waves. The timbre of the sound depends on 
 the form of the waves. The pitch of C is due to 132 vi- 
 brations a second; that of the octave C to twice as many 
 — 264. The highest pitched audible note is due to 38,- 
 016. Very low and very high vibrations are inaudible" 
 
 Says Prof. John D. Quackenbos: 
 "The time has indeed come, as Maeterlinck predicted 
 it would, when souls may know of each other without 
 the intermediary of the senses." 
 
 Says Clark Bell: 
 "Telepathy, as it is regarded by scientists who accept 
 
TELEPATHY. 107 
 
 it as a fact, is some unknown sense or power of the hu- 
 man body by which as a physical process communica- 
 tion is held between brain and brain of the human or- 
 ganism — some means by which the perceptions are 
 reached in some manner analogous to the known and 
 well-defined transmission of the electric current or the 
 action of gravitation which we know exists. But we 
 are as yet unable to comprehend how it acts or to know 
 its methods." 
 
 Prof. Hyslop and many other students of 
 spiritistic phenomena declare that either so- 
 called spiritualism or telepathy of a most lucid 
 character is true — the one or the other. Here 
 are the horns of the dilemma. Let doubters 
 take their choice. Since Hyslop, as I am in- 
 formed, is Professor of Logic in Columbia 
 University, such a conclusion should be allowed 
 unusual weight. 
 
 The evidence herein adduced gives the ques- 
 tion of " absent treatment" a standing before a 
 medical tribunal, and I am sure there will be no 
 adverse criticism of the author in giving it serious 
 consideration. 
 
 Says Prof. Crooks: 
 " If we accept the theory that the brain is composed of 
 separate elements — nerve cells — then we must presume 
 that each of these components, like every other bit of 
 matter, has its movements of vibration, and will, under 
 suitable conditions, be affected; as, for instance, the 
 nerve cells of the retina by vibration in the ether. If 
 another neuron, situated not far away, should acquire 
 the same movement of vibration, there seems no good 
 reason why they should not materially affect each other 
 through the ether." 
 
 "The earth does move, " said Galileo, and so it 
 does. The scientific men of his day were theo- 
 logical bigots — and bigotry is always cruel. A 
 few years ago we all were ready to commit those 
 who avowed faith in "absent treatment" to the 
 
108 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 insane asylum, and most physicians are still 
 ready to do so. The authorities are today about 
 to put on trial for fraud a " mental scientist" 
 because she claims to be able to cure ailments by 
 means of health-thoughts sent to her patients 
 through the ether. History repeats itself, not in 
 identical, but in analogous, experiences. 
 
 CON3C/OUSNESS 
 
 Figure 7. Telepathic Lines of Communication. A, line of conscious 
 thought transference ; B, B, lines of unconscious transference. 
 
 We boast our twentieth-century toleration; 
 but mankind is nearly as bigoted as ever. 
 
 There is no disputing the fact that those who 
 have given the subject of telepathy attentive 
 thought and patient investigation have become 
 convinced of its truth and practicability. My 
 own experience has given me unwavering con- 
 victions. / know that in some way thought can 
 be transmitted from one conscious mind to another; 
 and I have good reason to believe that it can be 
 transmitted still more forcibly and fully to the un- 
 conscious mind of the percipient. 
 
 Having become convinced, one finds ' ' absent 
 treatments" on practically the same footing as 
 suggestion in general. In one instance vibra- 
 tions carry the thought in plain language to the 
 patient — access to the mind being had through 
 the auditory nerve — while in the other, vibrations 
 
TELEPATHY. 109 
 
 bear the thought in graphic images. It is much 
 like the difference existing between wire and 
 aerial telegraphy. 
 
 Formerly I laughed in derision at the sugges- 
 tion of curing by suggestion, and I laughed again 
 at the claim that suggestions could be made to 
 jump great chasms of space to do their work. 
 Now I am not only willing to admit the scientific 
 possibility of both, but am a hearty believer i7i 
 their practicability. 
 
 One of the evidences of senility is inability, or, 
 oftener, refusal, to accept new ideas. The old 
 physician is apt to cling to his well-practiced 
 routine. His mind has been accustomed to run 
 in certain channels, and its stream of conscious- 
 ness is so viscid that it does not readily wear new 
 channels. 
 
 Happy is he who can keep his mental powers 
 in a state of plasticity and his thoughts limpid. 
 
 The Sage of Concord says: 
 11 God offers to every mind its choice between truth and 
 repose. Take which you please — you can never have 
 both. Between these, as a pendulum, man oscillates. 
 He in whom the love of repose predominates will ac- 
 cept the first creed, the first philosophy, the first po- 
 litical party he meets — most likely his father's. He gets 
 rest, commodity and reputation; but he shuts the door 
 of truth. He in whom the love of truth predominates 
 will keep himself aloof from all moorings and float. He 
 will abstain from dogmatism and recognise all the opposite 
 negations between which, as walls, his being is swung. He 
 submits to the inconvenience of suspense and imperfect 
 opinion, but he is a candidate for truth, as the other is 
 not, and respects the highest law of his being." 
 
 "Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?" 
 we have been asking — and always with an im- 
 plied negative. To be sure it is a long step for 
 medical men to take, this admitting even the 
 
110 
 
 possibility of efficient suggestion by absent 
 treatment. The testimony herein adduced will 
 not be convincing to all. I neither expect nor 
 desire such an effect. If it awakens in a few an 
 honest endeavor to know the truth it will serve a 
 useful purpose. 
 
 WE CAN BE TOLERANT WITHOUT BEING CREDULOUS. 
 WE CAN BE SINCERE WITHOUT BEING SEVERE. 
 
 Says Carlyle: 
 " I will allow a thing to struggle for itself in the world, 
 with any sword or tongue or implement it has or can lay 
 hold of. We will let it preach and pamphleteer and 
 fight, and to the uttermost bestir itself, and do, beak 
 and claws, whatsoever is in it; very sure that it will, in 
 the long run, conquer nothing which does not deserve to he 
 conquered** 
 
XI. 
 
 New Methods in Detail 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (ill) 
 
'Great men are they who see that spiritual force is stronger 
 than material force ; that thought rules the world." 
 
 —Emerson. 
 
 'Two medical students were engaged in dissection: one 
 playfully passed the handle of his scalpel across the finger 
 of his friend, who started, shrieked and then confessed 
 that he felt the pain of the blade cutting through to the 
 bone."— Gratiolet. 
 
 'The conclusion is not to be resisted that all the functions 
 of the central nervous system, and all manifestations of 
 life and mental activity, fall under the conception of reflex 
 action. No ganglionic cell is functional without a suf- 
 ficient reason, which is called the stimulus, in the language 
 of physiology ; no volition without motive, in the language 
 of psychology."— Ed. v. Hartmann. 
 
 'How strange that such a therapeutic agent should have 
 been so ignored, that by none of our leading surgeons 
 and physicians do we see the influence of the human mind 
 over the human body really seriously dealt with. One may 
 find here and there an honorable exception, it is true, 
 distinguished alike by his rarity and by the obloquy he 
 incurs.' '—Schofield. 
 
 (112) 
 
CHAPTER XL 
 
 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL— Continued. 
 THE CONDITIONS OF EFFECTIVE SUGGESTION. 
 
 Faith. 
 
 Dr. Edwin W. Pyle very aptly observes: 
 ' ' Faith from childhood to age is more or less a 
 panacea for human ills; and, however reposed, 
 should never be rudely shaken. Whether it be 
 in prayer or in the plainest doctor it is the same 
 precious commodity, without which we can do 
 nothing and with which we, too, can work 
 wonders." 
 
 When Jesus was in a certain region preaching 
 his gospel of hope and good will he found him- 
 self unable to do many wonders because of the 
 unbelief of the people who presented themselves. 
 We do not know that he tried and failed, in any 
 instance, as, indeed, he probably did not, for 
 there is a subtle and convincing sense of rapport 
 between individuals when there is vibratory har- 
 mony, and an equally convincing sense of its ab- 
 sence when it does not exist. 
 
 Every physician has experienced the par- 
 alyzing effect of skepticism in certain of his 
 patients, or their friends, and has longed to be 
 rid of the case that he may have had in hand. 
 Under such conditions even drug remedies fail 
 to exhibit their customary effects. 
 
 An indispensable condition of cure under any 
 form of treatment is the existence of a spirit — a 
 breath — an atmosphere of faith. The patient 
 
 (113) 
 
114 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 himself, in a rational state, and the physician, 
 must be in the confident — the expectant — frame 
 of mind. There must be a settling back of the 
 mind upon a sense of approaching aid; there 
 must be a hushed, but quickened, mentality. 
 
 " Whenever self-consciousness is subdued," very justly 
 observes Prof. Barrett, "when the known and claimant 
 ' me ' retires to the background, then an opportunity is 
 afforded for the emergence of the * other me ' of that 
 large and unrecognized part of our personality which 
 lies below the threshold of our consciousness." 
 
 1 'Then, " some one asks, ' 'do you regard a state 
 of doubt, or of positive disbelief, an effectual bar 
 to curative action?" 
 
 I certainly do consider it a bar to immediate 
 effects. But, as I have elsewhere taken occasion 
 to point out, iteration and reiteration of affirm- 
 ations of the right character are capable ulti- 
 mately of so changing the most obdurate mind 
 (probably by first convincing the subjective) that 
 the conditions essential to cure may become es- 
 tablished. The most scornful opponent of a 
 measure may thus be made over into a believer 
 and supporter. 
 
 And, again, despite the bluster and avowed un- 
 belief of some patients, there is a subconscious 
 acceptance of the proposed tenets, and cure 
 may become established in the very face of out- 
 ward opposition. 
 
 But the truth remains that, as a condition of 
 cure — the most essential — there must exist a 
 substratum of faith. 
 
 The importance of this element of cure can- 
 not be overstated. Floyd B. Wilson sets it forth 
 none too emphatically when he says: 
 "The path to the end is through the gateway of faith. 
 If the faith be absolute, the result will come — note 
 
FAITH. 115 
 
 carefully, please — if the faith he absolute the result will come, 
 whether it be a blind or an intelligent faith." 
 
 Again some one asks: 
 ' 'Faith in what? In the truth of the particular 
 theories proposed? " 
 
 No. 
 "In the physician himself?" 
 
 Not necessarily. 
 "In Divine interposition through the machinery 
 involved?" 
 
 No. 
 "Well, then, faith in what?" 
 
 JUST FAITH THAT THE THING IS ABOUT TO BE DONE. 
 
 One may be unable to accept the tenets pre- 
 sented; one may be unable, either from ignorance 
 or lack of settled conviction, to feel a sense of 
 faith in any particular theory of cure, yet con- 
 viction may seize upon the subject and he be 
 able to say in all truth: "I believe." 
 
 Of course it is far better for one's faith to have 
 a distinct basis. All ought to be able to give ' ' a 
 reason for the hope " that is in them. 
 
 Moreover, the more exalted the object of faith, 
 the more energetic the action. If one accepts the 
 proffered cure as coming direct from the hands 
 of an all-wise and all-powerful God the effect 
 is apt to be deeper and the action more pro- 
 nounced. And yet it is possible for a patient of 
 intelligence to accept the theory of individual 
 godhood — the theory that we ourselves are the 
 expressions of the Divine mind — so fully and ex- 
 actly that an equally pronounced result shall be 
 obtained. 
 
 The curative formula must embrace a faith hi 
 power, somezvhere resident and ready to be put 
 forth in behalf of the physical needs. 
 
116 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 "The signs following" are always according to 
 the measure of faith which characterizes the 
 conditions. There is no cure without it in the 
 metaphysical field, and I seriously question that 
 there is cttre zvithout it in any field. Indeed, it 
 is the one grand condition of achievement in any 
 phase of human endeavor. 
 
 But again some one asks: 
 "If faith is a pre-requisite, how can a psychic 
 foothold be obtained in the instances of infants 
 and the unconscious ? " 
 
 Have I not just quoted from Prof. Barrett a 
 sufficient answer to this question ? ' ' Whenever 
 self -consciousness is subdued, " he says, 
 ' ' then an opportunity is afforded for the emer- 
 gence of the ' other me. ' ; And we should bear 
 in mind that it is the "other me" who does the 
 curative work. 
 
 The healer (who should always be an edu- 
 cated physician by preference, but who has 
 thus far been a layman, owing to the inane de- 
 nunciation of psychic methods by the profession) 
 — the healer, I say, in such a case has almost 
 unimpeded access to the fountains of subjective 
 thought. No matter what the state of objective 
 consciousness, the subjective is supposed always 
 to be amenable to impression. 
 
 It is evident that silence is a contributing factor 
 to potent impression. It is only under the spell 
 of perfect quiet that attention, both objective 
 and subjective — both supraliminal and subliminal 
 — can best be commanded. To secure silence 
 and attention in the patient should, then, consti- 
 tute an early feature of every attempt to prac- 
 tice suggestive therapy. 
 
FAITH. 117 
 
 Faith Is More Effective That 
 Has a Rational Basis. 
 
 Another condition of con- 
 spicuous success in psychic healing is the afford- 
 ing of a rational basis for belief in the measures 
 proposed. One should seek to rest his faith on 
 a stable foundation. While the inexact inves- 
 tigator may be misled by the startling postulates 
 of enthusiasts concerning the powers of thought, 
 the more thorough student will find enough clear- 
 cut and rational statements of principles arranged 
 by those as capable of sifting evidence and putting 
 it into logical and exact form as are observers in 
 other departments of scientific research. 
 
 // is manifestly unfair as well as tmwise to 
 suppose that both the psychic healer and his pa- 
 tients are laboring under the power of a delusio?i 
 which a logically-constructed syllogism would 
 quickly dissipate. 
 
 Energy of the Suggestion. 
 
 The depth and power of the 
 impression is determined, in large measure, by 
 the energy with which the suggestion is put forth. 
 Though it is contrary to the rules of rhetoric 
 to indulge freely in the use of italics and capitals 
 with a view to emphasis, he who would produce 
 the best effect on the average reader should 
 freely use them. A monotone is not impressive. 
 To excite and hold the attention of another it is 
 advisable occasionally to raise the voice and 
 pound with the fist. Write i?nporta?it thoughts 
 in LARGE LETTERS if you would make 
 deaf minds hear. Prick and slap the listener if 
 you zvould secure his best attention to what you 
 have in mind. 
 
118 NEW METHODS IN DETAIL. 
 
 One of the essentials, then, of effective sug- 
 gestion, and one that the healer should make 
 conspicuous among the rules governing his meth- 
 ods, is that the suggestion be launched with 
 energy. By the term " energy' ' I do not neces- 
 sarily mean loudness of tone, though in some in- 
 stances, and in treating certain people, this is re- 
 quired. But the suggestion should be uttered in 
 tones replete with nervous tension. 
 
 It is not the blatant orator who makes the 
 best impressions on all people. We often turn 
 with disgust from one who declaims in loud 
 tones, under the feeling that he endeavors to 
 make up in volume of voice what he lacks in 
 quality of thought. Among some, it is true, but 
 chiefly among the ignorant and coarse, , such a 
 speaker may take well. 
 
 What I mean is that the suggestion, whatever 
 its nature, ought to be uttered in a voice full of 
 earnestness and deep feeling. A mere whisper 
 of this character may be more effective than 
 louder tones. 
 
 The thought that is being driven home must be 
 clothed in a garb of suitable words and carry 
 with it a conscious purpose to impress. It must 
 come from the mind hot and vibratory if we ex- 
 pect it to have the designed effect. 
 
 Duration of the Suggestion. 
 
 In the same connection it 
 should be remembered that the potency of the 
 suggestion is determined in large measure not 
 alone by the energy of the stimulus, but also by 
 the duration of it. Accordingly, a weak drug 
 action or a weak volitionary movement is rela- 
 
HISTIONIC SUGGESTION. 119 
 
 tively inefficient but may still accomplish good if 
 long continued. 
 
 Another important factor in the production of 
 curative phenomena is found in the selective — 
 the differential — action of the stimulus, of which 
 the carefully-selected remedy is the best ex- 
 ample. 
 
 Histionic Suggestion. 
 
 The term "Histionic Sugges- 
 tion " has been given by Hudson to that form of 
 suggestion which is made in connection with 
 physical contact. Concerning it he says: 
 " Histionic suggestion combines all that is valuable in 
 all other forms of suggestion, and, moreover, it renders 
 hypnotism unnecessary in any case." 
 
 The essence of histionic suggestion lies in 
 spinal massage in connection with suitable as- 
 surance of relief. "The essential thing to be 
 observed in all cases," he says, "is that the 
 mind must be concentrated upon the work in 
 hand; otherwise the work is purely mechanical, 
 depending for its efficiency upon mechanical 
 stimulation of the nerves, the same as in ordinary 
 massage. It is, however, more efficient than or- 
 dinary massage, because the effect is more di- 
 rect upon the nerves involved." 
 
 Those of much experience with massage have 
 observed a wide difference between operators in 
 the matter of salutary effect on the patient. I 
 am satisfied that the difference finds its chief 
 cause in the degree of mental concentration and 
 faith of the operator. 
 
• The man who is perpetually hesitating which of two things 
 he will do first will do neither. The man who resolves, but 
 suffers his resolution to be changed by the first counter- 
 suggestion of a friend —who fluctuates from opinion to 
 opinion, from plan to plan, and veers like a weather-cock 
 to every point of the compass, with every breath of caprice 
 that blows— can never accomplish anything real or useful. 
 It is only the man who carries into his pursuits that great 
 quality which Lucan ascribes to Caesar, nescia virttis stare 
 toco— who first consults wisely, then resolves firmly, and 
 then executes his purpose with inflexible perseverance, 
 undismayed by those petty difficulties which daunt a weaker 
 spirit— that can advance to eminence in any line.'" 
 
 ■—William Wirt. 
 
 (120) 
 
XII 
 
 THE 
 
 Question of Adoption of Psycho- 
 Therapeutics by the Profession 
 
 (121) 
 
"Stand close to all, but lean on none, 
 And if the crowd desert you, 
 Stand just as fearlessly alone 
 
 As if the throng begirt you ; 
 And learn, what long the wise have known, 
 Self-flight alone can hurt you." 
 
 — William S. Shuttle f. 
 
 'The things that are really for thee, gravitate to thee. 
 . Oh believe, as thou livest, that every sound that is 
 spoken over the round world which thou oughtest to hear, 
 will vibrate on thine ear. Every proverb, every book, 
 every by-word that belongs to thee for aid or comfort, 
 shall surely come home through open or winding passages.' 
 
 — Emerson. 
 
 'He only is the growing man who gives himself repeated op- 
 portunity to change even his most sacred convictions." 
 
 —Dresser. 
 
 'A truth is a truth no matter by whom discovered." 
 
 —Leavitt. 
 
 'By their fruits, and not by their roots, we shall know 
 them." 
 
 "Helpfulness stands like a maid at your gate ; 
 
 Why should you think you will find her by roving? 
 Never was greater mistake than to hate — 
 Try loving." 
 
 
 .(122) 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 THE QUESTION OF ADOPTION OF PSYCHO-THERA- 
 PEUTICS BY THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
 
 It Belongs to the Profession. 
 
 It belongs to the med- 
 ical profession and can be better utilized by the 
 trained physician and surgeon than by any one 
 else — provided always, however, that he give it 
 the place it rightly claims by virtue of its supe- 
 rior nature and high possibilities. It is a child of 
 noble parentage and fine organization, quite un- 
 like the gross helps hitherto our hope and stay. 
 But it is a thing of energy — a mighty engine of 
 power. 
 
 Best of all y it comes not to supplant, but to take 
 the materials in which a certain degree of potency 
 has been demonstrated to reside and make of them, 
 by virtue of an alchemy all its own, things effect- 
 ual for good. 
 
 Says Dr. A. T. Schofield: 
 "It may be asked, Why was not an attempt made 
 sooner to give these unconscious faculties their proper 
 place? It was made determinedly years ago in Ger- 
 many and since then in England by men who, to their 
 honor, undeterred by ridicule and contempt, made noble 
 and partially successful efforts to establish the truth. 
 But it is only now that the pendulum — so long swayed 
 over to the materialistic side of the world's clock, under 
 the pressure of Huxley, Tyndall and others whose great 
 works on this side (England) led all men for a time to 
 forget almost that there was another — has begun to 
 swing back and men's ears are now open to hear and 
 their hearts to believe spirit truths, especially when 
 
 (123) 
 
124 THE QUESTION OF ADOPTION. 
 
 they are supported, as they now are, from the other 
 side by the best physiologists." 
 
 The leaven of truth has been at work and I ver- 
 ily believe that the time is now ripe for incorpo- 
 rating psycho-therapeutics into legitimate med- 
 ical practice. It is all a process of evolution, the 
 characteristic course of which is from the lower 
 to the higher. 
 
 Says Hartmarm in his ' ' Philosophy of the 
 Unconscious": 
 
 "What Schopenhauer calls * unconscious rumination ' 
 regularly happens to me when I have read a work 
 which presents new points of view essentially opposed 
 to my previous opinions. . * . . After days, 
 weeks or months we find, to our astonishment, that the 
 old opinions that we had held up to that moment have 
 been entirely rearranged and that new ones have been 
 already lodged there. This unconscious mental process 
 of digestion and assimilation I have several times ex- 
 perienced in my own case." 
 
 Even yet the advocate of psychic measures 
 for human ills must expect to suffer more or less 
 obloquy; but it is to be hoped that a spirit of 
 tolerance has become strongly implanted in the 
 professional mind that the world has not been 
 accustomed to witness. After all, he who is de- 
 terred from embracing a truth by fear of what 
 others may think or say is a craven. 
 
 ' ' They say. 
 
 ' ' What do they say ? 
 
 " Let them say." 
 
 The Success of Charlatanry. 
 
 Here and there great 
 masters in medicine have admitted the enormous 
 value of mental therapeutics, but the subject has 
 not been followed up save for the sake of filthy 
 lucre by quackery. 
 
CONSERVATISM. 125 
 
 Speaking of mental therapy, Dr. Maudsley, in 
 his splendid work entitled "Mind and Body," 
 says: 
 
 "Quackery seems to have got hold of a truth which 
 legitimate medicine fails to appreciate or use ad- 
 equately." 
 
 If any additional evidence were required to es- 
 tablish the value of the means in question it 
 could easily be adduced from the remarkable 
 success which has attended the practice of irreg- 
 ular practitioners. 
 
 When we reflect that the giant thing in the 
 curative field today {psycho-therapeutics), known 
 by different titles because seen fro7n different 
 angles and in varied light, has attained its pres- 
 ent proportions in the face of unmasked derision 
 and open opposition, there is just cause for as- 
 tonishment. Schofield is quite right when he 
 says: 
 
 " Quackery would soon come to an end and fade away 
 before the spread of knowledge and the decay of super- 
 stition, under the fostering care of the School Board 
 and the higher educational system, but for one thing. It 
 can show real cures, both undeniable and numerous, in 
 spite of the vast number that may not bear scrutiny." 
 
 Conservatism. 
 
 Conservatism is a commendable 
 trait. I reckon myself a conservative in my 
 attitude toward everything which has a pro- 
 nounced bearing on life's methods. 
 
 But conservatism which shuts its eyes to 
 truth, presenting from any point of the compass, 
 is reprehensible. 
 
 Be not the first by whom the new is tried; 
 Nor yet the last to lay the old aside. 
 " A full recognition of mental causation for all outward 
 phenomena will necessitate a re-examination of systems 
 
126 THE QUESTION OF ADOPTION. 
 
 which are dignified by hoary antiquity and eminent re- 
 spectability. Institutions which have exercised unques- 
 tioned authority, that are intrenched behind barriers of 
 intellectual scholasticism and that possess social and 
 financial supremacy, instinctively feel that their infall- 
 ibility is called into question. Piles of ponderous, dusty 
 tomes thereby become relics of bygone speculation. 
 
 " But mental causation for physical conditions is in 
 substantial harmony with the highest and best thought 
 of the seers and philosophers, from Plato down to the 
 present time. 
 
 "A new development is commonly introduced through 
 much friction and misapprehension, until at last it finds 
 its true place. We can delay a truth by opposition; but 
 we can never prevent its finding, at the last, its appro- 
 priate place. But what there is usually occupies all the 
 available space and the intruder is told that ' there 
 is no room in the inn.' " — Wood. 
 
 To me it is cause for astonishment that there 
 is so strong a prejudice against the open admis- 
 sion of the psychic element into a system of cure. 
 I suppose there is a feeling that, were occult 
 forces allowed to play a recognized part in a 
 drama of physical cure, the profession might 
 soon be at sea and the whole science drifting, a 
 prey to every wind of doctrine. Such an ob- 
 jection would have had force a decade or more 
 ago, but now the most scientific minds are giv- 
 ing deep study to psychology and many have 
 already given standing to certain features of psy- 
 chic manifestation — more particularly those per- 
 taining to the cure of physical and mental dis- 
 orders. 
 
 But the prejudice of the medical mind against 
 any suggestions proceeding from an extraneous 
 source, whether they concern occult forces or 
 not, is characteristic. Scientists were fifty years 
 in bringing their minds to accept Harvey's the- 
 
CONSERVATISM. 127 
 
 ory of blood circulation. Hypnotism was de- 
 nounced by the medical profession until recently 
 as a humbug and its phenomena declared unreal. 
 Even now there are many who believe it en- 
 titled to no credence. 
 
 "Students listen with rapt attention," says a recent 
 medical writer, " to an account of the merits of various 
 drug remedies and feel their fingers itching with desire 
 to prescribe them for sufferers, while the subject of 
 mental therapeutics is mentioned only in ridicule and all 
 who advocate their use are dubbed either 'quacks' or 
 * Christian Scientists.' Why are these things so when 
 many reputable and competent men and women have 
 demonstrated that the psychic factor more than counter- 
 balances all other drug remedies?" 
 
 Let us beware. Jenner was denounced and 
 so was Hahnemann. Those who in early days 
 declared red curtains and coverlets valuable pre- 
 ventives of pitting in variola were called char- 
 latans and pretenders. Our established conser- 
 vatism and distrust of new methods are liable to 
 carry us too far. It is worthy of notice that 
 Niels Finsen of Copenhagen, learning by exper- 
 iment that red glass protects patients from the 
 actinic rays and prevents pitting in the very same 
 disease, has finally been hailed as a great reformer. 
 Jenner's idea has been universally adopted and 
 Hahnemann has been recognized as a genuine 
 contributor to scientific research. 
 
 A degree of conservatism is to be encouraged, 
 lest we fall under the power of shams. ' ' The 
 fact is," says Canon Wilberforce, "that there is 
 always a fringe of peril around the skirts of every 
 truth. Truth sets free, and when slaves are 
 first emancipated some of them will turn liberty 
 into license." 
 
 The trouble is we do not listen to new propo- 
 
128 THE QUESTION OF ADOPTION. 
 
 sitions with receptive faculties; we listen with 
 our prejudices. We are today the slaves of pre- 
 conceived opinion. Our prejudices environ us as 
 the walls of a prison. 
 
 I take it that the chief objection raised by the 
 medical mind against accepting psychic remedies 
 lies in the fact that they represent unseen forces 
 whose modes of action are beyond the ken of 
 man in his present state of development. But 
 such a prejudice has no standing before the 
 tribunal of reason. We use drug remedies freely, 
 but who has the temerity to allege that he under- 
 stands the basis of the selective affinity of certain 
 drugs for certain organs and tissues, or even why 
 chemical action follows a prescribed and invari- 
 able course ? 
 
 The power in either case is inscrutible, esoteric, 
 and, in a sense, spiritual. The only essential dif- 
 ference is that in one case the physical sense 
 perceives the material embodiment or expression 
 of the energy and in the other the psychic sense 
 is the only percipient; but can one say that the 
 latter is not just as reliable as the former ? 
 
 Some are slow to learn because of present con- 
 tentment with their meager attainments. Many 
 people come to the threshold of knowledge with 
 much the feeling of the boy who, when asked 
 by a visiting official why he came to school, re- 
 plied that he came there to sit and wait for 
 school to let out. 
 
 Too Much Fractional 
 Teaching and Practice. 
 
 There is altogether too much 
 fractional teaching in all departments of learning. 
 One finds in the observance of certain dietary 
 
 
THE RATIONAL ATTITUDE. 129 
 
 rules great relief of one's particular ailment which 
 may have been due to imperfect alimentation. 
 The rules adopted, because well suited to that 
 particular case, effect a cure, and the subject at 
 once jumps to the conclusion that the same thing 
 is a cure for undifferentiated ailments. Another 
 finds in mental culture what he converts into a 
 panacea. 
 
 There is a woeful lack of discrimination in our 
 ranks as well as outside them. Cases ought to 
 be more carefully scrutinized and a systematic 
 course of treatment then adopted. 
 
 The Rational Attitude. 
 
 The owl is like some men, 
 
 He's rated wise, but not 
 For things he ever did, 
 
 Or thoughts he ever thought. 
 
 And, like some men I know, 
 
 And men that you know, too, 
 
 The owl just sits and hoots 
 At things that others do. 
 
 We must expect to run across many human 
 owls, but the rational attitude toward psycho- 
 therapeutics ought to be assumed by the pro- 
 fession without regard to them. That attitude is 
 (1) one of willingness to be convinced and (2) 
 one of purpose to utilize when convinced. It 
 requires unusual courage to face the abnormal 
 prejudice against the possibility of cure of phys- 
 ical ills by psychic means that nils the average 
 medical mind, since one knows that by advocat- 
 ing psychic claims he subjects himself to the 
 contumely of the general body of the medical 
 
130 THE QUESTION OF ADOPTION. 
 
 profession. But this consideration ought not to 
 deter us. 
 
 Buxton wisely says: 
 "The longer I live the more I am certain that the great 
 difference between men, between the feeble and the 
 powerful, the great and the insignificant, is energy — in- 
 vincible determination; a purpose once fixed, and, then, 
 death or victory. That quality will do anything which 
 can be done in this world; and no talents or circum- 
 stances — no opportunities — will make a two-legged 
 creature a Man without it." 
 
 Certain Concessions. 
 
 There are many, in all the 
 schools of medical practice, who concede to 
 psychic measures a degree of curative influence. 
 Some have gone so far as to commend psycho- 
 therapeutics to certain patients possessed of im- 
 aginary ailments, under the conviction that it 
 will cure "when there is nothing the matter." 
 Few, very few, are willing to concede more. 
 
 To all such I commend a perusal of the fol- 
 lowing from the pen of Edward T. Bennett, who 
 was for many years Assistant Secretary of the 
 Psychic Research Society of Great Britain. 
 What he says is based on the scientific inquiries 
 made by the society into the question of cure of 
 disease by mental therapeutics: 
 "An attempt has been made to draw a line between 
 nervous cases, or cases due more or less to the imagina- 
 tion, and actual physical or organic cases. It has been 
 alleged that only the former class are amenable to psy- 
 chic treatment. But experience does not justify this conclu- 
 sion. Physical and organic effects, even diseases, can be 
 caused simply by mental impression. It seems, there- 
 fore, unreasonable to reject the idea that mental treat- 
 ment may be efficacious as a remedial agent, not only 
 in nervous disorders and in what may be called imagi- 
 nary ailments, but also in cases of organic disease, even 
 
 
NOT SUITED TO ALL. 131 
 
 in cases which under ordinary circumstances require 
 surgical treatment." 
 
 It may be worth while also to consider the fol- 
 lowing: 
 
 Bosanquet believes that tumor-formation may 
 be ascribed to the breaking loose of certain cells 
 from their nervous control. It is well established 
 that glandular activity, and probably the nutri- 
 ment of many other forms of cells, are under the 
 control of the nervous system. Should this con- 
 trol be lost, it is conceivable that, instead of at- 
 rophy, excessive growth may result, limited in 
 extent only by the amount of nutriment sup- 
 plied the cells. 
 
 My own observation in a number of cases con- 
 firms the growing conviction that the scope of 
 psycho-therapy is not limited to neuroses. 
 
 Prof. James thinks that the dividing line be- 
 tween troubles classified as ' ' nervous " and those 
 known as ' 'organic," is an arbitrary one, as the 
 nerves control the entire economy. Hence on 
 the whole he is " inclined to think that the heal- 
 ing action, like the morbid one, springs from the 
 plane of the normally unconscious mind." 
 
 Psycho-Therapeutics in Its 
 Purity Not Suited to All. 
 
 There is a large body of 
 people in every community whose intellectual 
 senses are so dull and whose powers of reasoning- 
 are so deficient that they can comprehend the 
 action of naught but the gross and materialistic. 
 The only way to reach their minds and produce. 
 an effect is through their physical senses. A 
 concept of energy that transcends the physical, 
 and that is by far the most potential, is out of 
 
132 THE QUESTION OF ADOPTION. 
 
 their power. Such people must be given faith 
 props. They cannot walk without crutches. 
 They can be healed only through the interven- 
 tion of media, such as drugs, instruments, appli- 
 cations, etc. This difference was clearly exem- 
 plified in the blind man whose sight was restored 
 by the Great Physician and the Centurion 
 whose servant was healed. In the first instance 
 Jesus applied wet clay and required the man to 
 go and wash in the pool, while in the other he 
 merely spoke the healing word. 
 
 To my mind it is as legitimate to exhibit the 
 drug in such cases of mental dullness, or to re- 
 sort to any artifice with a view to impressing, as 
 it is to administer a stimulant to one in a state of 
 physical depression. We can in no case add to 
 the potential energy of the patient ; we can only 
 stir into renewed activity the powers that he al- 
 ready possesses. 
 
 It is among the ignorant that we are oftenest 
 put to our wits ends to fix upon the most effect- 
 ual course. Speak to such a one of esoteric 
 power, or even undertake to secure the co-opera- 
 tion of his mental energies in the curative effort, 
 and the attempt would be regarded as an offense. 
 Subterfuge is in such cases a legitimate resource. 
 
 At the same time one who accepts the tenets 
 pertaining to mental medicine need not despair 
 of ultimate triumph of the truth even among the 
 ignorant. But in order to succeed he will have to 
 study pedagogy in the hard school of experience. 
 The mission of the medical man embraces the 
 teaching of a knowledge of both the prevention 
 and the cure of disease. 
 
 It must then be understood that the ultimate 
 aim in all cases should be to bring one's clientele 
 
NOT SUITED TO ALL. 133 
 
 to a point of development where curative meas- 
 ures will rarely be required. 
 
 This means, surely enough, a curtailment of 
 business and a great reduction in the relative num- 
 ber of medical practitioners. It means for many 
 a dwindling practice and a necessity for change 
 of avocation. At the same time it means an 
 ushering in of a Millennial Dawn. The idea 
 may be Utopian, and yet, from the present trend 
 of events, we are justified in looking for a consum- 
 mation so devoutly to be desired by humanity. 
 
 Inasmuch as such a result cannot be expected 
 in our day, we must face the problem of cure as 
 it now presents. All treatment, to effect the 
 best purpose, must therefore at present be of a 
 mixed type. We require all possible aid from 
 the action of laws operating on the physical plane. 
 
 SURGERY AND DRUGS AND MASSAGE AND ELECTRIC- 
 ITY AND A HUNDRED OTHER ELEMENTS MUST EN- 
 TER INTO OUR METHODS, BUT THEY SHOULD NOT, AS 
 IN THE PAST, CONSTITUTE OUR ONLY MEANS OF CURE. 
 
 We should enlist the valuable aid of the forces 
 resident on the planes above, which truly in 
 great measure give the forces of the physical 
 plane their power. 
 
 Above all else, and by means of every measure 
 employed, we should endeavor to awaken our 
 patients to a realization of the unlimited powers 
 residing within themselves. 
 
 Irrational Claims of Certain 
 Advocates of Esoteric Methods. 
 
 The most egregious 
 error of those who advocate psychic healing is 
 found in their fanatical claims of the all-efficiency 
 of their measures and their attitude of defiance of 
 
134 THE QUESTION OF ADOPTION. 
 
 well-recognized rules for sanitary living. They 
 often frantically fly in the face of the Almighty 
 and question the good effect of many well-deter- 
 mined natural laws. 
 
 This is a characteristic of faith not guided by 
 reason. The eternal laws never conflict and we 
 should seek to work through them and not 
 against them. But enthusiasts are apt to be 
 carried off their feet by startling truths. "If 
 mind is superior to matter," say they, "we 
 should ignore the laws which are supposed to 
 govern it and thereby bring it into perfect sub- 
 jection, " evidently forgetting that we live on 
 three planes — the spiritual, the mental and the 
 physical. The laws of the superior planes do ex- 
 ercise a tremendous influence over the lower plane, 
 but the control is not absolute and unequivocal. Each 
 plane has its laws and even the admittedly supe- 
 rior cannot be said to usurp all authority. 
 
 SPIRITUAL 
 
 MENTAL 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^PHYSICAL^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 Figure 8. The Three Planes of Life. 
 
 Interaction Between 
 Mind and Body. 
 
 "It is all a matter of mind, " says 
 Eugene Sandow. "If you concentrate your 
 mind upon a single muscle or set of muscles for 
 three minutes each day and say : * Do this, ' and 
 make them respond to contraction, there will be 
 immediate noticeable improvement. The whole 
 secret of my system lies in the knowledge of hu- 
 
IS PSYCHO-THERAPY EFFECTUAL ? 135 
 
 man anatomy — in knowing just where one is 
 weak, and going straight to work bringing that par- 
 ticular part up to the standard of one's best feature. 
 As a chain is as strong only as its weakest link, 
 so is the body as strong only as its weakest 
 member. There is nothing that will make a man 
 strong save his own concentration of thought ." 
 
 In this same connection I am constrained to 
 quote from Prof. James concerning the inter- 
 action of mind and body. He says: 
 "All mental states, no matter what their character as 
 regards utility, should be followed by bodily activity of 
 some sort, for all states of mind are motor in consequences. 
 The immediate condition of a state of consciousness is an 
 activity of some sort in the cerebral hemispheres." 
 
 SPIRITUAL 
 
 MENTAL 
 
 ■PHYSICAL 
 Figure 9. The Planes of Life with Lines of Communication. 
 
 Is Psycho-Therapy Effectual? 
 
 Doctors have fallen into 
 a way of casting doubt on the claims made by 
 mental healers. ' 'Imaginary ailme7its! " * ' Wrong 
 diagnosis! " ' 'Not yet cured! " ' ■ Self -deceived! " 
 '* Wait and see! " "/knew a case in which they 
 failed! " These are some of the greetings that 
 we have been accustomed to give to reports of 
 alleged cures. Are mental cures never wrought ? 
 Do we not know many cases wherein a cure has 
 been apparently made ? Are we absolutely sure 
 that our methods have been often curative ? 
 
 I mention no particular cult, as I am fully con- 
 vinced that the basic principle of cure is the 
 
136 THE QUESTION OF ADOPTION. 
 
 same among them all though each would deny 
 the assertion. 
 
 "All these modes of producing or removing disease 
 have so thorough a prima facie resemblance that we may 
 be reasonably confident of actual community between 
 them in some underlying law of nature." — Prof. Coe. 
 
 As for myself I do not rely upon the testimony 
 of others, though much of a reliable nature can 
 be cited, but upon my own experience, i can 
 
 BUT BELIEVE WHAT MY EYES HAVE SEEN. Remarkable 
 
 cures are daily wrought by psychic means: of this 
 I have.no doubt 
 
 "If there ever was a day," says Prof. Coe in his 
 " Spiritual Life," "when the evidence thus offered could 
 properly be put aside with a sneer at human credulity, 
 that day has gone. These things are not done in a cor- 
 ner. On every hand we are invited to come and see, 
 and any disposition which may be shown to ignore the facts 
 thus open to observation, while at the same time wholly con- 
 demning the beliefs in the name of which they are wrought, 
 leads to a just charge of prejudice and lack of scientific 
 method. In fact, the evidence of most remarkable cures of 
 healing under all these systems of belief is so abundant that I 
 shall not hesitate to assume without argument that we are here 
 dealing with one or more genuine curative agencies" 
 
 
 
PART TWO. 
 
 THE 
 PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 " To speak with authority from experience — not to 
 argue, but to demonstrate — to do, and to be — these are 
 1 methods ' that can be understood by the most skep- 
 tical." 
 
 (137) 
 

I. 
 
 Preliminary Observations 
 
 (139) 
 
We have to meet people on many and varied planes of 
 development, and we should learn so to accommodate our 
 methods to their individual needs that all who apply to us 
 for aid may receive the very best that can be given to them 
 in their particular environment." 
 
 Thought is the most potent of all occult forces. When 
 utilized in concentrated and persistent effort it becomes 
 the world's most dangerous or most beneficial weapon. We 
 should beware how we use it." 
 
 Mental therapeutics may be applied (1) by indirect action 
 of the uncouscious mind through the influence of sanitary 
 and cheerful surroundings, (2) by awakening faith in vari- 
 ous means which appeal directly to the objective sense, (3) 
 by direct action of the objective mind on the subjective 
 through the use of reiterated affirmations, and (4) by the 
 direct effect of the objective mind of the physician upon 
 the subjective mind of the patient."— Leavitt. 
 
 (140) 
 
 
THE INCLINED PLANE 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 Thus far in our study of Mental Therapeutics 
 I have attempted to establish its value as a 
 means of cure by adducing rational evidence in 
 its behalf. It now becomes my duty to point 
 out the manner of its use best suited to legiti- 
 mate practice. 
 
 Thought Runs in 
 Customary Grooves. 
 
 Generally speaking, the interpre- 
 tation put upon an impression is the customary 
 one: it is the interpretation usually made by the 
 subjective mind when experiencing an identical 
 impression or one which simulates it. If the 
 finger be pricked by accident, the pain is inter- 
 preted to mean that our hand is in the path of 
 harm, and, without conscious thought, we jerk it 
 away. Should we deliberately prick the finger, 
 there would be experienced a strong impulse to 
 withdraw it, and, if self-control be poor, we 
 should scarcely be able to hold it still. The 
 mind has become so accustomed to certain inter- 
 pretations that it is at first reluctant to accept 
 new interpretations of the sensation experienced. 
 Now repeat the voluntary infliction of pain from 
 hour to hour or from day to day and ultimately 
 the subjective will acquire so great facility for 
 traversing the new channels that self-control will 
 become an easy thing. Any one can train him- 
 
 (141) 
 
142 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 self to bear voluntarily inflicted pain without 
 flinching. What is more, the painful interpreta- 
 tions of stimuli may be brought under such com- 
 plete control that the sensation of pain itself can 
 be inhibited at will. Like Lord Nelson in the 
 battle of Copenhagen, we can learn to turn our 
 blind eye to it and say: "I do not see it." 
 
 The mind in most people has been left to put 
 upon impressions such interpretations as it may 
 choose, or such as early training or race tenden- 
 cies may suggest. Awaken a sensation (all 
 thought is based upon sensation) in such a one 
 and the thought will at once start on its custom- 
 ary course. The course may be represented by 
 shallow channels, or the mind may have been 
 deeply plowed by some startling experience or by 
 long use. In any event the channels are there 
 and thought will follow them rather than new 
 ones. A cry of ' 'fire " will thus set one who has 
 at some time, from such a cause, experienced a 
 profound sweep of fear through the mind, into 
 the greatest agitation. The subjective faculties 
 of the horse are so grooved by a runaway that 
 no amount of training can ever wholly obliterate 
 the lines and enable thought to cut more rational 
 channels. 
 
 In the case of a person whose mind has become 
 reticulated by unwholesome lines of thought and 
 his conduct by consequent physical action, there 
 is abundant work for the patient teacher in giv- 
 ing direction and inspiration ; and there is far more 
 work for the awakened ego in insisting upon 
 order and reason in his conscious and unconscious 
 mentation. But the reward is sure, for success 
 is bound to follow patient and persevering en- 
 deavor. 
 
AFFIRMATION. 
 
 143 
 
 Affirmation the Method 
 Conferring: Best Results. 
 
 Let us turn for a moment 
 to a consideration of the modus operandi of sug- 
 gestive curative effects. 
 
 Figure 10. A Diagrammatic Representation of the Curative Effects of 
 Suggestion. 
 
 Let O represent the cerebral center. A is a dead level of the 
 accustomed stimulus, whether it be fear, unwholesome environment, 
 or spontaneous suggestion. B is the affirmation by means of which, 
 through reiteration, we hope to effect a change in the thought; and 
 C the unsteady support given the suggestion by conduct, a is the cus- 
 tomary channel pursued by thought under the power of stimulus, 
 bl, b2 and b3 represent the gradually deflecting lines of thought, 
 approaching nearer and nearer to steadiness, resulting from the 
 repeated affirmation. Lastly, B4 is the completed and steady result. 
 
 The essential features are recognized as (1) an affirmation or a 
 suggestion properly made and (2) the corresponding conduct. 
 
 It is essential that the significance of these be made clear. 
 
 A suggestion, whether given to one's self or to 
 another, is commonly in the form of an affirma- 
 tion. For example, when treating myself I may 
 administer the suggestion in the following words : 
 "I am well. " This I repeat time and again with 
 a view to impress. Now, if I go about with my 
 usual tale of woe, and with pain and anxiety 
 depicted in my countenance, it will be evident 
 that I am not giving voluntary support to the 
 suggestion. 
 
 If, on the contrary, I not only affirm that I am 
 
144 
 
 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 well at the time of the treatment, but also at all 
 other times, and compel my actions, as far as 
 possible, to sustain the affirmation, I am then 
 giving full force to the treatment. 
 
 If I am treating another, and, after solemnly 
 affirming that the essential features of the ail- 
 ment are rapidly subsiding I show by my sub- 
 sequent conduct that the affirmation does not 
 represent my true conviction, I am not giving 
 full value to the treatment. 
 
 It will be seen that the best effect of such 
 treatment can be obtained only by the co-oper- 
 ation of both word and action. 
 
 The suggestion is to be taken by the subjective 
 faculties as literal truth, and we should in no way 
 convey an impression of insincerity. 
 
 At the risk of apparent digression I shall take 
 occasion to correct a seeming incongruity that 
 may otherwise trouble consistent minds. 
 
 The question is asked: 
 
 "Are you not, by such an affirmation, pro- 
 claiming an untruth ? and if so do you seek to 
 justify it on the plea of necessity?" 
 
 In answering the first question the value of 
 the second is destroyed; for my reply is, that 
 there is no untruth in the affirmation. The 
 position taken by the suggester is that, since 
 physical disturbance in its origin may be said to 
 "spring from the plane of the normal uncon- 
 sciousness," the disturbance, in its essence, is 
 nothing more than mere dis-ease, and, therefore, 
 not to be regarded as an entity. 
 
 The subconsciousness is logically exact in its 
 deductive processes, and is profoundly intelligent 
 in all its action ; but it appears to lack inductive 
 power. Its premises are supplied either by 
 
CUE FROM CONDUCT. 145 
 
 environment, by incidental experiences, or by 
 the conscious mind. 
 
 Give it the premise and it will do the rest. 
 
 The Subjective May Take 
 Its Cue from the Conduct. 
 
 Cheerful moods are con- 
 ducive to physical health, and may constitute 
 the only necessary suggestion. A happy man 
 is a well man. This is a rule with few excep- 
 tions. Accordingly it is the part of wisdom to 
 cultivate a flow of joyful emotions. We all seek 
 to do this after our own fashion, but haphazard 
 methods are not often either wise or efficient. 
 
 It is here that affirmation can pave the way to 
 success. If we will persistently declare, what- 
 ever the feeling of the moment, that we really 
 are happy, and follow up the affirmation with 
 corresponding conduct, we shall surely prevail 
 over our morbid emotions. 
 
 The fact that bodily attitudes and cheerful 
 behavior tend to awaken corresponding emo- 
 tions in the mind is not generally appreciated. 
 We may affirm as long as we will, and with as 
 great energy as we can command, but if we do 
 not fit to ourselves conduct becoming to our 
 claims there will be no proper effect. 
 
 "Refuse to express a passion and it dies" is 
 an axiom among scientific observers of mento- 
 physical phenomena. Refuse to live an affirma- 
 tion and it is shorn of power \ is equally true. 
 
 Says Prof. James: 
 " If we wish to conquer undesirable emotional ten- 
 dencies in ourselves we must assiduously, and in the 
 first instance cold-bloodedly, go through the outward 
 movements of those contrary dispositions which we prefer 
 to cultivate. The reward of persistency will infallibly 
 
146 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 comet m the fading out of the sullenness or depression, 
 and the advent of real cheerfulness and kindliness in 
 their stead. Smooth the brow, brighten the eye, con- 
 tract the dorsal, rather than the ventral, aspect of the 
 frame, and speak in a major key, pass the genial com- 
 pliment, and your heart must be frigid indeed if it do 
 not gradually thaw." 
 
 The patient is encouraged to affirm health and 
 strength, but he does not at first dare to affirm 
 them in their fullness of present possession, but 
 as steadily and surely developing. This leaves a 
 loophole through which find entrance many 
 excuses for still acting the part of one not freed 
 from his old aches and pains, his weaknesses and 
 other disabilities. It is like breaking a controlling 
 habit, like that of drink, by degrees ; both usually 
 end in failure. 
 
 If now, instead of such half-way claims, he 
 declares himself well (not actually, but potenti- 
 ally) he finds less excuse for the ways of a sick 
 man, and, with fitting behavior, becomes well. 
 
 To get prompt and efficient results the patient 
 must be encouraged to throw all his zeal and 
 fidelity into both affirmation and action. 
 
 Let me now change figure 10 so as to repre- 
 sent consistent conduct by a straight line and 
 the results of the operating causes by lines show- 
 ing greater steadiness, and we have a good 
 
 Figure 11. A Diagrammatic Representation of the Curative Effects of 
 Suggestion -when Sustained by Consistent Conduct. 
 
EXAMPLES. 147 
 
 schematic representation of the process of 
 psychic healing. 
 
 Examples of Powerful Suggestion. 
 
 I quote two or three 
 examples of the effect of suggestion, not because 
 they are exceptionally marked nor because the 
 cases selected are any better than many wit- 
 nessed in my own practice, but because they are 
 found in a dignified work on Psychology by a 
 Yale professor: 
 
 " Warts have been charmed away by medicines which 
 could have had only a mental effect. Dr. Tuke gives 
 many cases of patients cured of rheumatism by rubbing 
 them with a certain substance declared to possess magic 
 power. The material in some cases was metal; in 
 others, wood; in still others, wax. He also recites the 
 case of a very intelligent officer who had vainly taken 
 powerful remedies to cure cramp in the stomach. Then 
 1 he was told that on the next attack he would be put 
 under a medicine which was generally believed to be 
 most effective, but which was rarely used.' When the 
 cramps came on again, ■ a powder containing four grains 
 of ground biscuit was administered every seven minutes, 
 while the greatest anxiety was expressed (within the 
 hearing of the party) lest too much should be given. 
 Half-drachm doses of bismuth had never procured the 
 same relief in less than three hours. For four succes- 
 sive times did the same kind of attack recur, and four 
 times was it met by the same remedy, and with like 
 success.' 
 
 M A house surgeon in a French hospital experimented 
 with one hundred patients, giving them sugared water. 
 Then, with a great show of fear, he pretended that he 
 had made a mistake and given them an emetic instead 
 of the proper medicine. Dr. Tuke says: 'The result 
 may easily be anticipated by those who can estimate the 
 influence of the imagination. No fewer than eighty — 
 four-fifths — were unmistakably sick.' 
 "We have a well authenticated case of a butcher who, 
 while trying to hang up a heavy piece of meat, slipped 
 
148 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 and was himself caught by the arm upon the hook. 
 When he was taken to a surgeon the butcher said he 
 was suffering so much that he could not endure the 
 removal of his coat; the sleeve must be cut off. When 
 this was done it was found that the hook had passed 
 through his clothing close to the skin, but had not even 
 scratched it." 
 
 There is no longer any doubt in the minds of 
 intelligent students of psychic phenomena that 
 the imagination is not only a fruitful source of 
 physical pain and organic disturbance, but that 
 it can also be turned into a most valuable agent 
 in the recovery of health. 
 
 The problems to be solved are (1) how to com- 
 mand its most efficient aid and (2) to learn its 
 true limitations. 
 
II. 
 
 The Practice of Psycho-Therapy 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (149) 
 
"' We should do the very things that we dislike to do. Why? 
 
 Because of the mental discipline involved. 
 " We should set ourselves hard tasks and then resolutely 
 
 perform them."— Leavitt. 
 
 " Don't worry. Whenever you are tempted to do so, play 
 buffoon, or recall the funniest story you know. Bury your 
 self in humor ; laugh, assert your will ; shout to your soul, 
 *I will not worry. '—Frank C. Haddock. 
 
 " I am confident that I can fix my attention to a part until 
 I have a sensation in that part."— John Hunter. 
 
 (150) 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY— Continued. 
 THE PRACTICE OF AUTO-SUGGESTIOH. 
 
 Suggestion is one and the same process under 
 all circumstances. It matters not whether the 
 suggestion be directed to one's self or to another; 
 the principles of application, and the attendant 
 phenomena, are substantially the same. 
 
 Very much concerning the effectual use of it 
 in the treatment of others has been learned from 
 the phenomena attending its use upon self. 
 
 It is not my purpose to discuss in this place 
 the theories that have been put forth to account 
 for the astonishing effects produced. They are 
 explicable to me only on the hypothesis of men- 
 tal duality, which, under the proper conditions, 
 has shown itself still more clearly in the develop- 
 ment of the evidences of secondary personality. 
 
 For our present purpose it is enough to know 
 that the phenomena associated with suggestion 
 in others, even to the induction of hypnosis, can 
 likewise be produced in self. 
 
 It should be understood at the start that the 
 same variation in the degrees of susceptibility 
 found in practicing suggestion upon others is 
 disclosed in attempting to use it upon self. 
 
 There are sensitives and non-sensitives. One 
 finds it easy to produce effects upon himself, and 
 another finds it exceedingly difficult, or even, for 
 the time, impossible. There is this distinguish- 
 
 (151) 
 
152 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 able difference: the highly- wrought, hypersensi- 
 tive, nervous man or woman, whose fancies and 
 sensations have been long under the dominion of 
 habitual and special environment, finds it impos- 
 sible at first to acquire sufficient self-command to 
 meet the requirements of auto-suggestion. Such 
 a one requires discipline at the hands of another 
 in order to develop the necessary mental grip 
 which conditions the phenomena in question. 
 
 It will be gathered from this that the power to 
 bring one's self under the spell of suggestion is 
 true power. Those who have acquired the high- 
 est degree of self-control are the very individuals 
 who find it the easiest to mold their experiences 
 to their liking. Nor is it the weak in mind who 
 respond most easily to suggestive treatment by 
 others. For this reason it is found peculiarly 
 difficult to bring an idiot or an insane person un- 
 der power of suggestion. It can be done, how- 
 ever, by appeals to the subconscious mind syste- 
 matically and discreetly made. Those who be- 
 come proficient in the practice of this method of 
 cure are always able to demonstrate the truth of 
 what I have postulated. One can easily put the 
 claim to the test in the laboratory of clinical ex- 
 perience. 
 
 (Tn order to acquire the best results in auto- 
 suggestion it is essential that we understand 
 before we begin what experiences are to be ex- 
 pected and the conditions of receptivity involved. 
 The mind is taken up with a great variety of 
 diverting events. Our environment is continu- 
 ally changing, and the ether teems with influ- 
 ences which markedly determine and condition 
 our experiences. It is evident that we must 
 detach ourselves from the immediate influences 
 
AUTO-SUGGESTION. 153 
 
 which thus surround us and put the mind into a 
 state as favorable for reception of the proposed 
 suggestions as possible. To do this a quiet hour 
 and a quiet place should be chosen. I have 
 found the early morning hour preferable, and, 
 in order to obtain all possible benefit from 
 quietude, have for some years risen at five 
 o'clock. Others have found the evening hour, 
 just before retiring, or just before going to sleep, 
 most convenient and satisfactory. There is 
 probably no difference in results traceable to par- 
 ticular hours. Selection is to be determined by 
 the relative freedom from disturbance that such 
 hours may afford. 
 
 Before subjecting one's self to the influence of 
 suggestion one ought to have a distinct purpose 
 in mind. For what are we about to undertake 
 self-treatment? There are many things beside 
 disease that suggestion will cure, and there are 
 many ills beside those of the physical organism 
 from which it can save us. All do not realize 
 the great power of this quiet adjuvant over the 
 human mind in its various fields of activity 
 Through its aid our mental faculties can be given 
 bent and energy most astonishing even to those 
 accustomed to such phenomena. 
 
 Now observe, and I say this in all earnestness 
 and sincerity, by means of auto-suggestion a 
 
 MAN CAN MAKE OF HIMSELF ALMOST WHAT HE WILL. 
 
 Is he ambitionless and dull ? He can acquire the 
 needed fire. Is he harassed by fears? He can 
 become courageous. Is he annoyed by disagree- 
 able circumstances seemingly beyond his power 
 of control? He can either change them or take 
 away their nagging proclivities. Is he under the 
 power of an evil habit? He can break it. I term 
 
154 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 psychic power "the great adjuvant"; for so it 
 is. Through its aid one can carry his mental 
 and physical powers to their highest possible de- 
 gree of development. 
 
 The value of self-training, by means of auto- 
 suggestion, to both physician and patient, is my 
 excuse for the chapter of which this is a part. 
 
 Having chosen the hour and place best calcu- 
 lated to insure quietude, the experimenter should 
 assume an attitude of physical ease, and yet one 
 not ordinarily assumed for sleep. He may sit or 
 lie, as is most convenient. If the recumbent 
 posture be assumed he should be particular to so 
 condition it that it will not be likely to suggest 
 ordinary sleep. For example, those who cannot 
 easily sleep on the back should here assume the 
 dorsal position. 
 
 Whatever hour be chosen it should be faith- 
 fully adhered to. Day after day let that be the 
 silent hour. It is well always to sit in the same 
 chair. 
 
 Then relax the entire body and take all ten- 
 sion off the mind. Go over the several parts in 
 their order and resolutely remove all contraction 
 from them. Having done this, close the eyes 
 and fix the mind on some particular part, prefer- 
 ably the brain or the solar plexus. Picture it in 
 your imagination and give it a luminous appear- 
 ance. Trace its nerve connections, one by one, 
 as best you can. 
 
 During this exercise the mind will be disposed 
 at times to wander and must be resolutely 
 brought back to the point where it jumped the 
 track. The physician who has been the best 
 student will best succeed in this exercise of men- 
 tal concentration. 
 
AUTO-SUGGESTION. 155 
 
 It is to be remembered that the secret of effect- 
 ual suggestion is found in concentration of the 
 mind upon whatever it is directed to by the will. 
 
 Having gone thus far you are in a suitable 
 state to accept a suggestion. Indeed, you have 
 already given the consciousness a short discipline 
 in suggestion. 
 
 Do not for a moment forget that you have a 
 vast field of unexplored mind — the great uncon- 
 scious — and it is this field that you design chiefly 
 to cultivate. It is by far the larger part of you, 
 and you now seek to communicate to that busy 
 ego the character of work most required by that 
 part of you which comes into immediate relations 
 with sensory environment. In doing this it is 
 well, according to the testimony of most observ- 
 ers, to speak to it in familiar terms, as to a friend 
 and helper; or, if need be, at times as to a serv- 
 ant who has been rather derelict; according as 
 may seem necessary or advisable. 
 
 In making suggestions, the more energy and 
 earnestness put into them the better. At times 
 it may even be wise to shout the affirmations, 
 while throwing into them all the intensity of your 
 nature. More than one man has sworn himself 
 out of severe attacks of disease. 
 
 If suffering from pain or illness of any part turn 
 on the white light of your focused thought and 
 flood the part with it. Do this again and again, 
 while you declare your right to health, and order 
 the subjective faculties to see at once to its res- 
 toration. Think of that part, and every part, as 
 in health. Let your imagination show you a 
 healthy liver, a sound heart, a perfectly function- 
 ing kidney, and so on. If the nervous system 
 
156 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 be at sixes and sevens, speak the word of health 
 and peace to it, time and again. 
 
 In giving yourself such a treatment by sug- 
 gestion you have added nothing to your powers — 
 you have merely awakened them to renewed 
 activity. That is all that can be done by any 
 sort of medication. 
 
 DRUGS DO NOT COMMUNICATE ENERGY — THEY 
 
 merely arouse it. This is the whole law of 
 drug action in a sentence. 
 
 Certain teachers of psychology direct us to 
 assume the religious attitude and merely open 
 ourselves to Divine inflow. Do so, if you prefer, 
 but I opine that the method has small advantage. 
 The ego itself is an embodiment of Divinity, 
 and, as such, is entitled to fall back upon its in- 
 herent powers and require the desired action of 
 the physical, learn to trust yourself. Self- 
 reliance is all important, and it exalts us to the 
 very height of our possibilities. "I am captain 
 of my soul, " says Henly. 
 
 This is auto-suggestion in its simplest form. 
 We practice it in an irregular and inconsiderate 
 manner whenever we say: "I can" or "I can't." 
 
 He who, in view of a task to be done, stoutly 
 says: "I can and I will," and then sticks to his 
 resolution, is clothed with a majesty of power. 
 
 He who says: "I will try, but I fear that 
 nothing will avail," may as well surrender at the 
 start ; he is self-shorn of his strength. 
 
 But there is something beyond what I have 
 thus far mentioned, the power of which sfor good 
 or ill is more pronounced. I allude now to self- 
 hypnosis. 
 
 Having observed the conditions just pre- 
 scribed for the simpler form of suggestion, and 
 
AUTO-SUGGESTION. 157 
 
 having repeatedly practiced the exercises men- 
 tioned, one may undertake to put one's self into 
 the hypnotic state. 
 
 There has been a flood of falsehood thrown 
 about the possibilities of hypnotism for good and 
 ill, and unreal dangers have been pointed out in 
 connection with its practice. Those who desire 
 to test its merits may rest assured that in putting 
 themselves into the hypnotic state they do not 
 weaken, but, on the contrary, do really strengthen, 
 their mental powers. One cannot put one's self 
 into hypnotic sleep at all without thereby giving 
 evidence of good self-control. 
 
 We all ought to acquire such power over our 
 forces as shall make them our willing servants. 
 Among people in general we find the senses in 
 full dominion. 
 
 Having reached the suggestive stage, in the 
 manner before described, one may need but to 
 give the suggestion of sleep and hold the thought 
 persistently upon it in order to fall into a state 
 of hypnosis. 
 
 The action will be aided by looking steadily 
 at an object on the ceiling, or at a small object 
 suspended in such a way as to put the levator 
 muscles of the eyes into a state of tension. On 
 this object the eyes should steadily rest until 
 drowsiness ensues, and then they may be closed 
 and the mind be still held to the thought of sleep. 
 
 It is better to give the suggestions that we seek 
 to impress, in an earnest way, before attempting 
 to sleep, and among them should be those of 
 sleep itself and the duration of it. When this is 
 done the ensuing hypnotic sleep will tend to im- 
 press the suggestions more deeply on the sub- 
 
158 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 consciousness. You will awake after sleeping 
 the prescribed time. 
 
 At first you may be unable to recognize the 
 sleep, and can be sure that it has ensued only by 
 consulting your watch. Time has slid by in an 
 unaccountable way. You have certainly slept. 
 You may be able to determine that there has 
 been sleep by the memory of vague images or 
 indefinite fancies that have traversed the mind 
 and left behind mere lines of passing. Failure 
 to have noticed a rap at the door, or the sound 
 of a bell, may be further proof. 
 
 Auto-suggestion should be used in a regular 
 and systematic manner as long as deemed 
 necessary. 
 
 We ought to avail ourselves of its beneficent 
 aid through life. 
 
 Let it be used freely and without fear. 
 
 Suggestions are pouring in upon us from an 
 infinite variety of sources. We are unconsciously 
 accepting many of the most forcible among 
 them, and those which apperception finds most 
 convenient and assimilable. Shall we allow this 
 unregulated process to go on indefinitely in our- 
 selves and others? It is an important — a 
 momentous — question. How shall we answer it ? 
 
 That we can regulate the processes has passed 
 beyond question. 
 
 How to regulate them is the question I am 
 here attempting briefly to answer. 
 
 That many will spurn the thought I have no 
 doubt ; but I am equally sure that to others it 
 will prove a message of joy. 
 
 "We are living in a world of eternal law and order — a 
 world of limitless power. If ignorantly or willfully we 
 misuse this power, we experience the lack of good, or 
 
AUTO-SUGGESTION. 159 
 
 perverted good, which is evil; we experience conflict 
 and sorrow, and we ally ourselves with all conflicting- 
 conditions. There is about us beauty, happiness, love, 
 abundance; limitless good for us to use — and for us to 
 use today — everything to make life a growth of ever 
 unfolding joy, if we intelligently direct this (our) energy. 
 Every new view we obtain through experience, or inspira- 
 tion, points to heights not yet attained, nor even con- 
 ceived, but which the soul knows awaits the earnest, 
 believing climber. 
 
 11 Browning, who studied so deeply into man's nature 
 and possibilities, said: ■ Man is not yet, but is becom- 
 ing.' Then in a moment of sublime realization of 
 achievement and prophecy he exclaimed: ■ I shall 
 arrive.' " — M. Woodbury Sawyer. 
 
'Positive and negative are relative terms. Each thing, eacb 
 person, is negative to all above in pitch, and is positive 
 to all below. Each center with less velocity, is negative to 
 those centers that, in their own sphere, revolve faster. 
 Note the whirlwinds ; when two meet, they become one and 
 take a direction which follows the diagonal represented by 
 the parallelogram of the two forces. So is it with whirl- 
 pools. The one law of nature is that the greater centers of 
 like motion swallow the less ; but the lesser, when thus 
 enfolded, proportionately changes the direction of the 
 greater and lowers its pitch." 
 
 (160) 
 
Ill 
 
 The Practice of Psycho-Therapy 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (161) 
 
Our unconscious influence is the projection of our uncon- 
 scious mind and personality unconsciously over others. 
 This acts unconsciously on their unconscious centers, pro- 
 ducing effects in character and conduct, recognized in con- 
 sciousness. For instance, the entrance of a good man into 
 a room where foul language is used will unconsciously 
 modify and purify the tone of the whole room. Our minds 
 cast shadows of which we are as unconscious as those cast 
 by our bodies, but which affect for good or evil all who un- 
 consciously pass within their range. This is a matter of 
 daily experience, and is common to all, though more notice- 
 able with strong personalities."— Schofield. 
 
 The mind is a magnet. At the core of the soul lies our 
 attracting power. We get what we expect. We see what 
 we look for. Every thought we think images itself in the 
 mind and every image that is persistently held in mind is 
 bound to materialize. This is the law. I cannot tell why it 
 is so, any more than I can tell why from a few seeds sown 
 in fertile soil we reap an abundant crop. I only know that 
 the law of thought-externalization is as definite and as 
 sure in results as are the laws of seed-time and harvest." 
 
 —Jean Porter Rudd. 
 
 (162) 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY— Continued. 
 SUGGESTION TO OTHERS. 
 
 Concerning the Physician Himself. 
 
 It was well to begin 
 with auto-suggestion, as he who expects to do 
 good work for others should be able to do good 
 work for himself. 
 
 I have no faith in the artistic taste of a man 
 who wishes to decorate my house if I find in his 
 own home a most execrable display of artistic 
 ability. He may be a good workman with the 
 brush, but he has not the comprehensive grasp 
 of general artistic concepts that is required prop- 
 erly to choose, to harmonize and to distribute 
 values. 
 
 It is equally true that I have no confidence in 
 the ability of a man to build me up along right 
 lines and to round me out into full mental and 
 physical proportions whose mind is in evident 
 disorder and whose body is under the power of 
 disease. I should certainly say: "Physician 
 heal thyself." 
 
 The physician and the surgeon, of all men, 
 should be free from mental, moral and physical 
 taints. 
 
 Accordingly, he will have abundant occasion 
 to practice upon himself; and he ought to devote 
 his energies to putting himself into a state of 
 mental, moral and physical health before resort- 
 ing to a use of the delicate, yet tremendous, 
 
 (183) 
 
THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY 
 
 forces of mind for the alleviation of others' woes. 
 
 It may be only a vagary, but I conceive that 
 the true healer communicates a certain degree of 
 himself "to his patient and that he finds a patient 
 who long remains under his care disclosing some 
 of his own mental and moral characteristics. I 
 do not aver the truth of this, but I have seen 
 what appear to be clinical evidences upon which 
 to base such an opinion. 
 
 Do not think that I am dwelling at undue 
 length on what may appear to some like unes- 
 sential phases of suggestion. The feeling that 
 a true physician must be a whole man is consist- 
 ent. 
 
 He should not be under the power of evil 
 habits; he should not be a scoffer at good things; 
 he should not be an habitue of disreputable 
 resorts; and he should not carry in his atmos- 
 phere anything that will impress a sensitive per- 
 son unfavorably. 
 
 On the contrary, he should be self-controlled 
 and in every way poised. This is the physician, 
 and there is no other, who can be trusted to ad- 
 minister suggestions to an open and confiding 
 mind. 
 
 Reflex Benefits. 
 
 The physician who gives suggestive 
 treatment cannot escape thinking the thoughts 
 he expresses and sharing the benefits he affirms 
 for his patient. In this way he becomes a par- 
 taker of the good things that he would bring to 
 others. Action and reaction are equal. The 
 reflex from an action, a wish or a suggestion is 
 sure. 
 
 Thus it will be seen that he who solemnly 
 
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT. 165 
 
 avers to his patient that the unseen forces are 
 beneficent; that they can be relied upon to bring 
 us those things that we crave in the line of our 
 requirements; that disease has no proper place 
 in the economy of nature; that we are what we 
 think we are; and that we can make of ourselves 
 what we really will, is building up his own faith 
 and acquiring a more stable foundation for him- 
 self, at the same time that he, by his optimistic 
 suggestion, is steadying another to a better situ- 
 ation and establishing for him a happier mental 
 and physical state. 
 
 Practice Makes Perfect 
 
 In order to acquire a facility 
 of suggestion it is well to pursue a course such 
 as would be undertaken to acquire facility in any 
 other art. The young orator takes for auditors 
 an empty row of benches, the dumb brutes of 
 the stable or the Spirits of the Deep, and seeks 
 to impress these attentive listeners with his 
 strains of eloquence. 
 
 Facility gives confidence. When we know 
 well our part there is no undue fear, and likewise 
 when we have learned well our role we are bet- 
 ter prepared to throw into it the essential spirit. 
 Accordingly, he who would succeed from the 
 start with his attempt at suggestion should prac- 
 tice upon imaginary patients; or, what is far bet- 
 ter, he should go through the details of treating 
 some of his real patients, alone, with dignity and 
 zeal, before he undertakes to do so in their 
 presence. 
 
 I enter thus explicitly into the subject because 
 there are many to whom the whole matter is 
 comparatively new. 
 
166 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 The Essentials of Suc- 
 cess in the Suggester. 
 
 Success in the practice of sug- 
 gestion means such a use of psycho-therapeutics 
 as shall effect the purpose for which it is intended. 
 To acquire it presupposes in the operator certain 
 qualities of mind and certain characteristics of 
 personal demeanor, to some of which I shall now 
 advert. 
 
 Psycho-therapy is coming to the front and 
 will ultimately be the most trusted mode of 
 treatment. For this reason, as well as many 
 others, the demand should be for practitioners of 
 a high type of manhood and womanhood 
 
 In the early days of homeopathy the practice 
 of that system of medicine was adopted by un- 
 educated men and women who thought the sum 
 and substance of medicine was to be found in a 
 tolerable acquaintance with the characteristic 
 symptoms of a few remedies and the possession 
 of a small case of "potencies." Homeopathy 
 outgrew its short clothes, and psychological med- 
 icine will do the same thing. It is to be hoped that 
 the latter will be absorbed into general medicine, 
 in which it will be accorded the chief place of 
 honor. 
 
 The suggester should never forget that his 
 hope of success lies first in making a personal 
 impression. With this thought in mind he will 
 be reserved — i. e. , not overtalkative, and disposed 
 to keep his patients "at arms' length." Famil- 
 iarity breeds contempt and robs one of psychic 
 power. 
 
 His personal appearance should in some way 
 distinguish him from "the common herd." If 
 there be nothing marked in form or face, he 
 
ESSENTIALS OF SUCCESS. 167 
 
 may be pardoned for assuming an appearance 
 that shall distinguish him in a miscellaneous 
 company. 
 
 His methods of promotion should also be 
 characterized by originality and a something 
 which shall cause the public to hold him as sui 
 generis, a distinctly differentiated member of the 
 human family. 
 
 One thing deserving special mention is that, 
 since in the practice of suggestion one is ex- 
 pected to acquire a deep insight into person- 
 ality, the practitioner should seek to bear all his 
 patients, with their mental characteristics, in 
 memory. The deepened effect on patients is 
 well worth the extra effort involved in doing so. 
 
 A personal interest ought to be taken in each 
 patient, and a true friendship will commonly 
 result between the physician and one whose 
 mentality has been deeply impressed by his 
 wholesome thought. 
 
 Now listen attentively to this, for it is worthy 
 to be pondered: / have a conviction that the 
 broad entrance into medicine of the psychic idea will 
 have a powerful tendency to raise the moral status 
 of medical practitioners. 
 
 Having read what immediately precedes, the 
 reader should not pass over the following. It 
 may be said that truth does not need to study 
 methods with so great care and to resort to 
 small tactics in order to make an impression. 
 It would not need to were the masses whom we 
 are called to attend better acquainted with the 
 determining factors in mental and physical ex- 
 perience. 
 
 The truth is that many educated people are 
 densely ignorant of the relation existing between 
 
168 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 mental and physical phenomena. The veriest 
 pretender in medicine, even he who makes the 
 alleged cure of disease a mere commercial enter- 
 prise, and whose bold claims remove him from 
 the arena of ethics, finds many in high places 
 his ready dupes, and sometimes his stanchest 
 
 Figure 12. A Diagrammatic Representation of the Relative Effects of 
 Medicinal and Suggestive Treatment. 
 
 friends. For this reason I say, in order to reach 
 and impress, the practitioner, and particularly he 
 who makes suggestion his principal reliance, is 
 justified in resorting to factitious methods in 
 order to catch the eye of the struggling masses. 
 It should be understood, however, that the justi- 
 fication is found not in the personal emoluments 
 that may ensue, but in the vast good which the 
 newer methods are capable of conferring on 
 suffering humanity, who, but for being drawn 
 out by artificial methods, might suffer on and 
 ultimately perish. 
 
 The uplifting effect of psychic medicine is the 
 bright promise of the day. 
 
 Personal Magnetism, 
 
 "He has no magnetism, " is 
 said of one, and, ' ' He has a wonderful magnetic 
 power, " is said of another. What do these 
 observations signify ? Is there such an element 
 
PERSONAL MAGNETISM. 169 
 
 entering into the creation of what we term 
 success ? 
 
 What we characterize as Personal Magnetism 
 cannot spring from good looks, from fine appear- 
 ance, from gentlemanly demeanor, nor from 
 interested attention, though it cannot be denied 
 that these enter as constituents into the summa 
 summarum of the seemingly inexplicable thing 
 that so impresses all. 
 
 That a power to impress is evinced in some, 
 and an entire lack of it is observed in others, 
 there can be no mistaking. One man possesses 
 power over others, and another possesses none. 
 We look on and say: "What does it mean?" 
 
 The power of personal magnetism is so gentle, 
 and yet so effective, that the person controlled 
 knows nothing of the process; he believes him- 
 self acting from spontaneous motives and im- 
 pulses, and yet he does the very things that the 
 impelling mind of another dictates. 
 
 The chief secret of this so-called Personal 
 Magnetism lies in the positive and consistent 
 nature of its possessor. In some it is inborn and 
 characterizes them from childhood. But it can 
 be developed in all. You ask me how ? I could 
 give a series of exercises, which, faithfully fol- 
 lowed, would make the weakest and most unim- 
 pressive strongly magnetic. But this is not the 
 time and place to do so. Suffice it to say that 
 the general principles of culture best calculated 
 to develop personal magnetism lies in the direc- 
 tion of self -discipline with associated auto-sug- 
 gestion. This means a consentaneous develop- 
 ment of will-power through the setting of hard 
 tasks and the faithful performance of them. 
 
 The men who have moved the world are those 
 
170 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 who have first brought themselves to a point zvhere 
 nothing was rated too hard as a condition of suc- 
 cess. They have always been those in whom 
 habit was the servant rather than the master. 
 They could forego personal ease and pleasure in 
 order to win a coveted prize, and count the 
 involved self-denial a delight. They have always 
 been those who could marshal their forces, could 
 concentrate their energies, could focus their 
 thought, with the accuracy, the energy and the 
 pointedness of a Yogi. They were men of pur- 
 pose, and so must we be to acquire power. 
 
 Let me give some of the most important prin- 
 ciples lying at the root of personal command over 
 others. 
 
 1. Have a purpose in all that you do. Do not 
 waste your energies on meaningless thoughts, 
 words and actions. 
 
 This does not mean that you should never 
 enter into the frivolities of life. It only means 
 that you should "work while you work and play 
 while you play." 
 
 2. Do nothing without conscious thought. Do 
 not so much as touch a patient without thought. 
 When examining, when treating, when operat- 
 ing, let the thought be: "You are under my 
 restorative power." 'T can see your troubles." 
 "I can cure your ailments." "I am doing this 
 for your good." "I expect to make you well," 
 etc. 
 
 3. Do not be found inattentive, no matter what 
 you have in hand. Do not allow yourself to fall 
 into a reverie, save on proper occasions. At all 
 other times have your conscious mind on the 
 thing in hand, even though it be nothing more 
 than eating. 
 
PERSONAL MAGNETISM. 171 
 
 This will be found an exceedingly hard task. 
 The mind will wander and the more it follows its 
 own bent the less obedient will it prove on right- 
 ful occasions. Therefore keep it well in hand. 
 It should be a servant and not a master of the 
 true Ego. 
 
 4. Be strong and of good courage. Suggest to 
 yourself many times a day: 
 
 "I can and I will." 
 
 1 'I am my own master. " 
 
 * * / can compel events. " 
 
 "I am a true healer." 
 
 1 ' The power to awaken curative energy is in 
 me, and I can use it on occasion. " 
 
 Not only think it, but speak it aloud to 
 yourself. If at any time you feel peculiarly weak 
 and irresolute, clinch your fist and stamp your 
 foot while you put all the earnestness into the 
 sentiment at your command. 
 
 5. Always evince confidence in yourself . It is 
 not enough that you feel it. Show it. Let 
 every word and every act disclose self-reliance. 
 
 Egotism is despicable wherever seen. That is 
 quite another thing. Self-reliance impresses. 
 
 " Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that 
 iron string." 
 
 Read what has been said elsewhere concerning 
 faith. Faith is self-reliance; and it is something 
 more: it is assurance of results. 
 
 "Faith, absolute, dogmatic faith, is the only 
 condition of true success." 
 
 6. Sincerity contributes much to personal mag- 
 netism. Without it we cannot grandly achieve. 
 "Be sincere, but don't be serious. The man 
 whom nature has appointed to do great things 
 is, first of all, furnished with that openness of 
 
172 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 nature which renders him incapable of being 
 insincere. " — Carlyle. 
 
 The way to all this is through dogged determi- 
 nation, reinforced, emphasized, made real, by fre- 
 quent auto-suggestion. 
 
 It will be recalled in this connection that auto- 
 suggestion is most effective when given in silence. 
 
 "Let us be silent, for so are the gods." Thus 
 runs an ancient sentiment. 
 
 The Foregoing Neither Unim- 
 portant Nor Too Elementary. 
 
 For some the foregoing 
 may seem better suited to students than to 
 physicians of years and experience. It may be 
 so, but I venture to say that the earnest searcher 
 after truth will not so regard it, even though it 
 expresses nothing not already familiar to him. 
 
 Do not forget that to speak truisms often 
 serves a good purpose. 
 
 It is hoped that these principles will be studied 
 until they become indelibly impressed on the 
 memory and will be practiced until they become 
 ingrained into every-day life. 
 
IV. 
 
 The Practice of Psycho-Therapy 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (173) 
 
'These phenomena (of hypnotism) do not indicate a diseased 
 condition which ought to be feared or suppressed, but 
 should be looked upon as gateways to a higher knowledge, 
 and therefore worthy of investigation and certain to re- 
 ward it."— Edward T. Bennett, P. R. S. 
 
 'The problem of health, then, rests primarily on the regula- 
 tion of mental action. Illness is always a sign of weakness, 
 and, primarily, mental weakness. I have no wish to deny 
 that unconscious action may be modified for good by the 
 toxical action of drugs. It is undoubtedly through such 
 action that curative effects are often produced. The irri- 
 tant drug communicates a suggestion of augmented energy 
 in certain areas, and organs, and nerve tracts, which effects 
 desired results. That drug treatment does often effect 
 cures in this manner cannot be denied. But drugs are un- 
 certain in action and cannot be relied upon in a series of 
 cases, without at the same time, by virtue of collateral 
 irritation, doing possible harm. The great defect of the 
 drug system is found in its unreliability. Uniform effects 
 cannot be obtained. The advantage of mental treatment 
 lies in the fact that it can be directed with precision, while 
 its effects are not scattering and collaterally harmful. It 
 can also be made to reinforce drug action and thus render 
 it efficient. Moreover (and this truth should sink deeply 
 into the memory ) , while in using drugs as a means of modify- 
 ing functional activities we are teaching reliance on arti- 
 ficial stimulation. In mental therapeutics the mind learns 
 to acquire permanent control in its own realm. 1 '— Leavitt. 
 
 •Thought in the mind hath made us. What we are 
 By thought was wrought and built. If a man's mind 
 Hath evil thoughts, pain comes on him as comes 
 The wheel on ox behind. 
 
 All that we are is what we have thought and willed ; 
 Our thoughts shape us and frame. If.one endure 
 In purity of thought, joy follows him 
 As his own shadow— sure." 
 
 —Sir Edwin Arnold. 
 
 (174) 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY— Continued. 
 
 How to Secure the Essentials 
 of Success in the Patient 
 
 Having reviewed at 
 some length the methods of establishing in the 
 physician the conditions of effective suggestion, 
 we shall turn our attention to those equally im- 
 portant in the patient, and indicate as far as 
 possible the means of securing them. 
 
 I have elsewhere dwelt upon faith as the most 
 essential element in the giving and receiving of 
 therapeutic suggestion, and it will be unneces- 
 sary for me to do more than mention it here. 
 
 The means of awakening faith have also been 
 considered, and they will not be recapitulated. 
 
 Importance of Attention. 
 
 Nothing is more important 
 than to gain the attention of the patient about to 
 be treated. I do not say that it is all-important, 
 inasmuch as the subjective mind may be im- 
 pressed while the objective consciousness is 
 turned to other things. But the desired effect is 
 facilitated by capturing and holding the patient's 
 conscious attention. 
 
 Very nervous patients are easily diverted, 
 especially by their sensations, and find it diffi- 
 cult, or even impossible, volitionally to concen- 
 trate on anything. At the same time many of 
 them are suffering the effects of involuntary con- 
 centration. 
 
 (175) 
 
176 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 While treating a nervous patient a few days 
 ago I found her getting more and more agitated, 
 until I feared that inco-ordinate action would 
 throw her from the chair. She finally ejaculated 
 an allusion to the condition, and I explained 
 that she was failing to follow the thought I was 
 laboriously trying to give her. She had been 
 contemplating the very conditions that I wanted 
 her to forget. 
 
 " Listen now," I said. "You are not follow- 
 ing my thought. Think of what I am saying 
 and your jerking will cease. " 
 
 On proceeding with the treatment she speedily 
 quieted, and the suggestions were evidently en- 
 abled to take a better hold. 
 
 "I am getting better, " she said at the con- 
 clusion, and a brighter face and renewed anima- 
 tion betokened what her lips expressed. 
 
 The subjective mind is supposed to note every 
 word and act with most scrupulous care and to 
 preserve it in the memory. 
 
 "Since it is the subjective faculty that works 
 the cure," says one, "why need we be con- 
 cerned regarding the objective thought?" 
 
 It is quite true that the subjective conscious- 
 ness is chiefly involved in every cure; but we 
 may reasonably infer that beneficial results are 
 facilitated by recurrence of the consciousness, 
 again and again, to the suggestion that has 
 found lodgment in its registers. 
 
 Whatever the tenable theory, observation 
 teaches the value, though not the absolute 
 necessity, of securing the objective attention. 
 
 Media of Cure. 
 
 I have spoken of faith as an essential 
 
Good Position for Deep Hypnosis 
 

 MEDIA OF CURE. 177 
 
 element of cure, in both physician and patient. 
 In many people, more particularly the unedu- 
 cated and thoughtless, faith requires a medium, 
 or object, on which to rest. When Jesus healed 
 the blind man he moistened clay with saliva and 
 put it on the man's eyes, after which he bade 
 him go and wash. Why did he thus ? Doubt- 
 less because his power was conditioned by the 
 man's ignorance. To have merely spoken the 
 healing word would have been insufficient. The 
 patient needed to feel the action of the remedy, 
 as many patients now need to taste the drug, in 
 order that his faith might rise to healing pitch. 
 It was quite different, as I have said, with the 
 educated Centurion, who asked Jesus to ' 'speak 
 the word only," under the assurance that his 
 servant, though absent, would be healed. 
 
 It follows that we must discriminate between 
 patients. There are many who can easily accept 
 a propounded hypothesis which appeals to their 
 reason, and in treating such, for simple ailments, 
 no drugs are needed. But, when disease has 
 obtained a firm root, and especially when it pre- 
 sents threatening aspects, we should omit no 
 rational remedy that appears to be suited to the 
 case. 
 
 Well chosen drug remedies have curative power 
 over the human organism and in most cases ought 
 to be exhibited. 
 
 HYPNOSIS. 
 
 We are now brought to a consideration of the 
 condition of the patient most conducive to effec- 
 tive suggestion, originally termed Mesmeric 
 Sleep, but later called by Baird Hypnosis. 
 
 There may be an essential difference between 
 
178 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 mesmerism and hypnotism and yet few recent 
 observers declare their ability to discern it. In 
 the practice of mesmerism, contact with the 
 patient's body is essential, while in the practice 
 of hypnotism there may be contact or there 
 may not. In any case I am convinced that the 
 phenomena represent the effects of suggestion 
 and accordingly we shall here consider them as 
 identical. 
 
 Methods of Inducing: Hypnosis. 
 
 Every physician who 
 employs hypnotism has his own way of inducing 
 the state. There is little emphasis to be put 
 upon methods. In any case the object should 
 be to convince the patient that a state of sleep 
 is to ensue, and then, by suggestion, to take him 
 through the stages of drowsiness and somnolence 
 into deep sleep. 
 
 Charcot, the great French savant, who de- 
 voted much study to the phenomena of hypno- 
 tism, classified its phases into three groups, 
 indicating, as he supposed, three degrees of 
 hypnosis. A few years ago, at Old Salpetriere 
 in Paris, Charcot, Jr., demonstrated to me these 
 three stages in a private seance. But the symp- 
 toms of these various stages are themselves 
 dependent on suggestion for their distinct de- 
 velopment, in a new subject, and, in practice, 
 the classification need not be regarded. 
 
 Most intelligent people are susceptible to hyp- 
 notic influence when properly exercised by those 
 who are en rapport with them. One may not 
 succeed to his liking in inducing the state, in a 
 particular instance, at the first attempt; but, with 
 
SUGGESTION IN ORDINARY SLEEP. 179 
 
 wise persistence and intensification of the ocular 
 fatigue, there will rarely be a total failure. 
 
 Modem practice has demonstrated that all 
 people, at all times % are measurably susceptible to 
 suggestion; that in silence and reverie they are 
 far more so; and that they are most susceptible of 
 all y in the state of deep hypnosis. 
 
 Suggestion in Ordinary Sleep. 
 
 It has also been clearly 
 shown that hypnotic sleep is not essentially dif- 
 ferent from ordinary sleep. In the latter, one is 
 in relation to one's own unguided subconscious 
 mentation, while in the former one is in relation 
 to the mind of the operator. 
 
 It has been found that susceptible subjects, 
 especially children, may sometimes be transferred 
 mentally, during natural sleep, from the self- 
 centered state into distinct relationship with the 
 hypnotizer, followed by the development of ordi- 
 nary hypnotic phenomena. 
 
 It has also been found that ordinary sleep need 
 not be converted into hypnotic sleep in order to 
 obtain a marked degree of suggestive effect. By 
 beginning in a quiet way, so as not to awaken 
 the sleeper, the suggestions can be offered with 
 evident after-effect. 
 
 Suggestion Under Anesthesia. 
 
 I do not know who first 
 demonstrated the possibility of suggestive effect 
 on anesthetized patients. I have practiced it for 
 years and with undoubted results. 
 
 The topic will be pursued at some length in 
 the section on Surgery, to which the reader is 
 referred. 
 
1*0 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 Suggestion During 
 Hysterical Storms. 
 
 A most favorable time also for 
 effective suggestion is during the pseudo-uncon- 
 sciousness of an hysterical seizure when the 
 patient appears to her friends to be oblivious to 
 all about her. At such a time the objective 
 faculties are partially inhibited, but the subject- 
 ive mind is peculiarly acute and able to accept a 
 rational premise for more sensible and orderly 
 behavior. That is a time when the patient will 
 bear a strong impress and there need be no fear 
 to use emphatic measures to secure it. 
 
 How to Induce Hypnosis. 
 
 Certain patients are so sus- 
 ceptible that no particular mode of procedure 
 becomes essential. It may be enough to close 
 the eyes, make a few passes with the hand and 
 speak the emphatic word, " Sleep"! 
 
 But, as we cannot often reckon on obtaining 
 results with so great ease, it is better to follow a 
 routine method at the start After a patient has 
 been put to sleep a few times and the suggestion 
 of easy control has been made, it will be found 
 unnecessary to follow rigid rules. 
 
 There is no doubt that the operator acquires 
 confidence and facility by experience. The 
 oftener one sets his will against another and tri- 
 umphsy the easier success becomes. 
 
 I have seen Voisin put some of his patients to 
 sleep by directing them to gaze steadily at a 
 bright ball suspended about two feet from the 
 eyes and in such a situation as to tire the supe- 
 rior ocular muscles; I have seen him stroke 
 others to sleep ; and I have seen him hypnotize 
 
THE PHENOMENA OF HYPNOTISM. 181 
 
 an insane woman by merely laying his hands 
 over her ears and pressing her face close to his, 
 with a steady look. 
 
 There is no best method, and the operator will 
 be guided by his own experience and the impulse 
 of the moment. The most obdurate can some- 
 times be subdued by employing revolving mir- 
 rors; but these cannot well be used in office prac- 
 tice. I have succeeded in some cases by using 
 heavy prismatic lenses that confuse and tire. 
 Other methods — original, as I believe — are use of 
 the graphophone for suggestion ; and the inhala- 
 tion of ordinary air slightly charged with an odor, 
 through a tube connected with a phantom, or with 
 an empty tank. 
 
 It is all suggestion and the aim should be to 
 catch and hold the attention to the thought of 
 sleep. It is not possible to hypnotize a subject 
 to the point of sleep without, in some way, giving 
 the suggestion of sleep. 
 
 Failure grows out of inability to overcome the 
 objective mental activity. 
 
 A modified degree of hypnosis can often be 
 obtained by startling effects ; but the condition is 
 not so favorable for curative purposes. They are 
 mostly hysterical patients who can be thrown into 
 hypnosis in this manner. Such subjects may 
 resist all other methods. After having been sub- 
 dued a few times, obstinate patients, like frac- 
 tious horses, become thoroughly tractable. 
 
 The simplest methods are usually the best. 
 
 The Phenomena of Hypnotism. 
 
 Let the operator re- 
 member that it is quite possible to put the 
 average patient into an hypnotic state the symp- 
 
182 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 toms of which are largely determined by the 
 suggestions of the operator, or in the absence of 
 these by the preconceived notions of the subject 
 himself. It is for this reason that a satisfactory 
 classification of hypnotic symptoms cannot easily 
 be made. 
 
 The loss of voluntary motion is the simplest 
 phase of hypnosis observed after passing into a 
 state bordering on sleep. You close the patient's 
 eyes and then abruptly say: 
 
 1 ' Ah, you are already asleep. Your eyes are 
 heavy, so heavy that you cannot open them. 
 Try as hard as you like, but you cannot open 
 them. Now, I lay your hand on mine and you 
 cannot remove it. See, it sticks like steel to a 
 magnet. But I have only to speak the word 
 and you are released. Open your eyes. See ? 
 They open easily. Take away your hand. Yes, 
 you readily remove it. You do exactly what I 
 tell you to do. You can't do otherwise — the 
 fact is you do not care to disobey. It is far 
 easier and pleasanter to obey." 
 
 This experience impresses the patient with a 
 sense of necessity, and, so long as you do not 
 ask anything unreasonable, or that does not 
 comport with his sense of right, he will not think 
 of disobeying. A vicious man will do vicious 
 acts under orders; but a conscientious man will not. 
 
 Your patient may have had much pain. Lay 
 your hand on the painful spot and say: 
 
 * 'You have no more pain. The cause of it 
 has been removed, and you are free. You are 
 well, absolutely well r . " 
 
 Repeat this in similar words several times. 
 Say it loudly ; then whisper it into the ear. The 
 suggestion is to be deeply impressed. 
 
POSITION FOR HYPNOSIS. 183 
 
 This is a favorable degree of hypnosis for sug- 
 gestion ; but it is not equal to that of deep sleep. 
 
 To carry the patient into the profound stage 
 merely use suggestion. If in an office chair, put 
 him into a semi-recumbent posture and suggest 
 deep sleep. 
 
 These words will answer the purpose: "You 
 are now fast asleep. Nothing can awaken you 
 but my command. You are wholly oblivious to 
 all but my words. Listen, now, while I speak." 
 
 The patient will nearly always do precisely 
 what you command, and will appear to be in 
 deep sleep — sometimes with the accompanying 
 deep and regular breathing. Nothing will dis- 
 turb him until you give the waking word, pro- 
 vided you remain with him, and provided, also, 
 that you do not insist upon something against 
 which his moral or spiritual nature would rebel. 
 
 It is easy to put one patient into a particular 
 stage of hypnosis with mixed phenomena, while 
 another will not enter it at all, though he will 
 readily enter other stages, until experimented 
 with a number of times. Idiosyncrasies show up 
 very plainly in hypnosis. 
 
 Position for Hypnosis. 
 
 One characteristic of the hyp- 
 notic sleep worthy of early notice is that the 
 patient, being in constant subjective relation 
 with the operator, does not appear to wholly 
 forget physical relations. In this respect the 
 condition resembles certain phases of hysteria 
 wherein the patient, during (to lay observers) an 
 alarming attack of apparent unconsciousness, 
 from which she long refuses to be aroused, sits 
 bolt upright, co-ordination being sufficiently 
 
184 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 maintained to keep her from falling. Likewise, 
 the hypnotic patient does not relax, as in ordi- 
 nary sleep, but the muscles are sometimes, but 
 not always, rigid until softened by suggestion. 
 
 For this reason the question of position is com- 
 paratively immaterial. If the physician be treat- 
 ing at his office, the patient may be seated in his 
 adjustable chair, and for the purpose of deep 
 hypnosis is made to assume an easy semi-recum- 
 bent posture. (See half-tone.) For light hyp- 
 nosis it is more convenient to seat him in an 
 ordinary chair so that the operator may occupy 
 a convenient position behind him. 
 
 When one is not practicing hypnotism in a 
 wholesale way, as I have seen it done abroad, 
 there is no occasion for all the machinery of 
 bright balls, revolving mirrors, etc. The simpler 
 methods and the quiet, easy positions are to be 
 preferred, as they are more likely to please 
 people of intelligence and secure from them the 
 greater confidence. 
 
 The more the patient comes to believe in the 
 power of the healer, rather than in the means 
 employed, the more satisfactory the results. 
 But I caution the operator again in behalf of 
 truth and the beneficent results likely to follow the 
 apprehension of it y to aim ultimately to bring the 
 patieyit to understand that the true curative 
 power lies in himself, and that all the physician 
 can do is to arouse it, by varioics means, into 
 renewed activity. 
 
 The most efficient measures of cure are always 
 simple. The chief effort is always to be directed 
 toward establishing the necessary confidence of 
 the patient in the means employed, in the physi- 
 cian, but most of all in himself. 
 
SCOPE OF HYPNOTIC CONTROL. 185 
 
 The Scope of Hypnotic Control. 
 
 As in the instance of 
 other manifestations of nature's hidden forces, 
 the fancies of those unacquainted with the phe- 
 nomena in their details are disposed to run riot. 
 The true power of the hypnotist has been misap- 
 prehended and the effects of hypnotism on the 
 subject have been misinterpreted and exag- 
 gerated. 
 
 The will of the hypnotized person is not under 
 the power of the operator. Let those who think 
 it is experiment on a subject or two and they 
 will become convinced that one cannot be so con- 
 trolled, either in hypnosis or out of it, as to com- 
 mit an act to which his volition had not already 
 given tacit consent. The truth is that our moral 
 principles and impulses lie mainly beneath the 
 floor of consciousness and when one is pressed to 
 do what does not accord therewith there is an 
 emergence of the true nature and one comes to 
 one's waking sense and then the resistance is 
 determined by the ordinary processes of induc- 
 tive reasoning. Press the hypnotized patient to 
 do some grotesque or immoral act too far and he 
 will waken. There is revolt. 
 
 Now this return of a hypnotized subject to 
 normal conditions, against the purpose of the 
 operator, does not prove, as some have sup- 
 posed, that hypnosis is really an objectively con- 
 scious state in which he comprehends his true 
 environment. Would they take this position 
 with respect to normal sleep ? During the latter 
 we are not objectively conscious of what is going 
 on around us, and, in our dreams, we accept 
 most absurd situations without protest. The 
 stealthy burglar may be prowling about and we 
 
186 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 know nothing of his presence, until something 
 occurs sufficiently out of the ordinary to cause 
 our sleepy consciousness to assert itself. The 
 mind in sleep readily adjusts its actions to envir- 
 onment, not only present environment, but 
 prospective as well. Go to bed in a sleeper be- 
 fore it leaves the station and very likely you will 
 not be awakened by departure of the train, 
 though one-half the noise and motion would have 
 started you in fright from your own bed at home. 
 The hypnotized subject gives himself up to be 
 dominated by certain ideas and an attempt to 
 lead him beyond that point of concession will 
 result in waking him. 
 
 As much may also be said concerning post- 
 hypnotic suggestion. It has its bounds set up 
 by the subject's own ideas of consistency and 
 decency. 
 
 Has Hypnotism a Pernicious Ef- 
 fect on the Subject's Mentality? 
 
 The testimony of all 
 practitioners of experience is that no ill effects 
 have been observed. Among those who thus 
 testify I have elsewhere mentioned Forel, Lie- 
 beault, Bernheim, Wetterstrand, Van Eeden, De 
 Jong and Moll. 
 
 The Hypnotic Suggestion. 
 
 The hypnotic suggestion 
 differs in no essential from other suggestion. In 
 giving it one should remember that subconscious 
 mentation is surprisingly logical, and that the 
 suggestion itself, when presented, should have 
 logical order and be a fair inference from what 
 has preceded it. What has been termed apper- 
 
THE HYPNOTIC SUGGESTION. 187 
 
 ception does not pertain alone to the objective 
 mind. The subconsciousness, on receiving knowl- 
 edge, immediately sets to work to associate it 
 with ideas already possessed and prepare it for 
 subsequent use. There is a process of reasoning 
 set up, perhaps, as would appear, not of an in- 
 ductive nature, the result of which is felt upon 
 the sum total of life's action. 
 
 It follows from this that the more rational the 
 suggestion the more likely it is to have the 
 designed effect. Our conclusions are usually 
 arrived at from either a conscious, or an uncon- 
 scious, process of reasoning. Even many of our 
 so-called intuitions have a solid foundation on 
 subconscious mental action, though to us they 
 seem spontaneous. 
 
 In suggesting, then, endeavor to follow some 
 rational order. 
 
 In affirming health give the rationale of the 
 assumption. 
 
 Trace the beginnings of disease back to faulty 
 subconscious mental action, and explain that, in 
 both the hypnotic and the post-hypnotic state, 
 mind is dominant. 
 
 Show how quickly pain leaves on asserting its 
 absence. 
 
 Explain the law of faith and the certain action 
 of it in the relief of ailments. 
 
 All vital action is determined by law and to 
 work with law is to cure our ills. 
 
 Show how the curative action of remedies can 
 be impeded or aided by our attitudes of mind. 
 
 All this is rational, and will be accepted as 
 such by the patient. 
 
 Put the suggestions into the tersest and clear- 
 est language lest they be misunderstood, and 
 
188 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 repeat them again and again, so that memory of 
 sounds may aid in impressing the ideas. 
 
 A suggestion that runs along the lines of pre- 
 conceived notions is more easily accepted, and, 
 for this reason, the physician using it should 
 endeavor to acquaint himself with the mental 
 grasp and peculiarities of his patients. To the 
 religious, there must at first be nothing to un- 
 settle long-established beliefs. Seek to suit the 
 suggestion to the case if you would best succeed. 
 It would be futile to present theories of God's 
 love and care to an atheist, just as it would be 
 unwise to dilate on the action of remedies to one 
 strongly prejudiced against them. To be sure 
 the mind may be gradually changed in its con- 
 victions by a series of treatments, especially if 
 the patient be clever and the arguments well 
 put; but my reference has been chiefly to im- 
 mediate effects. 
 
 Perhaps the point is well enough made by 
 saying that much knowledge and discretion are 
 required to carry out effective suggestive treat- 
 ment. 
 
 Awakening: the Patient. 
 
 A good deal of silly talk has 
 been made over the alleged difficulty of awaken- 
 ing certain subjects. 
 
 The truth is that the operator need never fear 
 such a complication. Most subjects, left to 
 themselves for only a few minutes, will waken, 
 unless a positive order to do otherwise be issued. 
 There may be an occasional hysterical patient 
 who will refuse to respond at once to the waking 
 order; but even she need occasion no anxiety. 
 
 It is well to give a suggestion concerning the 
 
EFFECT DEPENDS ON OPERATOR. 189 
 
 duration of sleep and the mode of waking from 
 it in the early part of the treatment. Tell him 
 that he will remain asleep, no matter what may 
 occur, until he receive the waking command from 
 you. "You will waken when I blow on your 
 eyes, " is a good form of suggestion. 
 
 Always follow the same method of arousing 
 the patient and he will be unable to remain 
 asleep after receiving the usual signal. 
 
 Some patients cannot bear to be aroused sud- 
 denly. The effect appears to be much like that 
 produced by a sudden start from natural sleep. 
 Those thus aroused may complain of an un- 
 pleasant dizziness. Say to the subject: 
 
 1 ' Now I am going to awaken you. I shall 
 blow on your eyes, and then you will slowly re- 
 turn to the wideawake state, feeling fine. Now 
 we are ready. (He blows on the closed eyes.) 
 See, you are coming back. All things have 
 changed and you are feeling, oh, so well." 
 
 There will at first be small movements. Then 
 the eyes will open, at first with a curious ex- 
 pression as though a bit surprised at the environ- 
 ment, and at last the condition will become 
 normal. The phenomena are much those 
 attending an awakening from ordinary sleep. 
 
 The Effect Depends Largely on 
 the Operator and His Methods. 
 
 The methods must be 
 suited to the cases. All cannot be treated alike 
 if we would get the best results. Brusqueness is 
 well suited to certain people; with a few one 
 cannot succeed without it. But in general it is 
 far better to employ gentleness and kindness. 
 
190 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 The Aim Should 
 Be to Educate. 
 
 The physician should never lose 
 sight of the thought that to cure a patient means 
 to educate him. Education means learning how 
 to think. One who is suffering from physical 
 disturbances is disclosing the effects of wrong 
 thinking. He may be conscious of none but the 
 most approved thoughts, for the damaging con- 
 cepts are commonly unconscious thoughts. The 
 subjective has hold of a wrong premise, and is 
 following the reasoning to a logical conclusion. 
 There is where the trouble comes in. 
 
 By means of hypnotism we are enabled to 
 reach the subjective consciousness most effec- 
 tively, and, from time to time, we make an 
 impression upon it. A single treatment does 
 not often avail. It may set things right for the 
 moment, but the vicious action has been so long 
 established that there is no speedy reversing 
 of it. Correction must be made time and again, 
 and new premises must be gradually built, until, 
 at last, even inherited, as well as acquired, ten- 
 dencies to wrong action are wholly overcome. 
 
 The Salient Features 
 of Required Education. 
 
 In giving suggestion, whether 
 of a systematic or of an irregular character, the 
 physician should remember that the average in- 
 dividual needs education that shall look to regu- 
 lation of the emotional nature. Feeling run riot 
 is the bane of both the mental and physical 
 organism. 
 
 Not suppression, but regulation, of one s emo~ 
 tions is the great desideratum. 
 
SALIENT FEATURES OF EDUCATION. 191 
 
 It has been demonstrated that strong emotions 
 of a disquieting nature are always pernicious if 
 allowed to gain ascendency, while those of an 
 opposite kind are clearly beneficial. We are not 
 to infer that our proper course is to suppress the 
 former and revel in the latter. A certain degree 
 of anger, on occasion, though it may generate a 
 toxin not altogether wholesome to the physical 
 organism, is not to be condemned. The system 
 needs some foes to keep its forces in good trim. 
 Perpetual peace in both an individual and a 
 nation is weakening and disintegrating. The 
 internal dissensions which are common to pro- 
 tracted peace quickly disappear in the presence 
 of a foe, for the common interests, at such a time 
 jeoparded, tend to establish solidarity of senti- 
 ment and action. 
 
 But unbridled emotion is always harmful, and 
 it is against this that we ought to caution our 
 patients. 
 
 " Anger, anxiety or fear will poison the secretions of 
 the body," says Dr. Arthur O. Sax; " anger or fright 
 promotes a secretion of poison in the sac of a venomous 
 snake and this is where the snake is ahead of man. We 
 have no organ in which we may store the toxins which 
 we develop for the same purpose perhaps as snakes and 
 consequently w r e poison ourselves with the material 
 which was meant for our enemies." 
 
 It is true that a strong character is impossible 
 without strong emotion. It is an expression of 
 dynamic energy. 
 
 ' ' The ennobling difference between one man 
 and another," says Ruskin, "between one ani- 
 mal and another, is precisely in this, that one 
 feels more than another. " 
 
 It is the difference between the rushing, push- 
 ing, roaring, uncontrolled waste of power ex- 
 
192 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 pressed in the rapids of Niagara, and the silent, 
 but tremendous, effect of the same power har- 
 nessed and made to transmit electric energy great 
 distances for useful purposes. 
 
 Man does not want less feeling, less true emo- 
 tion, but he wants it so controlled that it shall be 
 a minister to mental and physical needs rather 
 than a destroyer of mental and physical vitality. 
 
 There are countless instances of disease, both 
 organic and functional, caused by various disturb- 
 ing emotions. My readers very well know that 
 malignant disease is far more likely to develop 
 under the influence of depressing mental states. 
 
 The people need to be taught the tremendous 
 influence of mental upon physical conditions. 
 
 Women suffer more because their emotional 
 nature is less disciplined than man's. They are 
 ruled by feeling. Mainly from this cause women 
 have become bundles of complaints. A well 
 woman is becoming an exception. Women need 
 to have their weaknesses pointed out and to re- 
 ceive suggestion that shall lift them to a higher 
 mental and physical plane. Once make them 
 believe that their physical redemption lies along 
 the lines of better self-control and they will grad- 
 ually be raised to a healthier and happier state. 
 
 "The part of wisdom as well as of courage," 
 says Prof. James, "is to believe what is in the 
 line of your needs, for only by such belief is the 
 need fulfilled." 
 
 Men are just as sadly in need of education. 
 The sense of restless energy impels the young 
 man to action. He feels an uneasiness that 
 demands expression. Instead of turning that 
 energy into wise and useful channels he lets it 
 run to waste in practices that, for the moment, 
 
POST-HYPNOTIC SUGGESTION. 193 
 
 seem to satisfy. By continuance these customs 
 become fixed habits and the man's moral and 
 physical powers suffer deterioration. 
 
 Our various appetites are doubtless given us for 
 enjoyment as well as service. They need only 
 direction and wise control. We should eat and 
 drink wholesome things and not overindulge even 
 in these. Every function of the body was in- 
 tended to be exercised and when kept under 
 wise regulation by volition such exercise min- 
 isters to health and happiness. But excess de- 
 stroys both and the moral nature — which is built 
 up by volition — falls into ruin, carrying down the 
 physical with it. 
 
 Men need to have their weaknesses pointed 
 out and to be impelled into healthier and happier 
 living by the power of suggestion. 
 
 Of all emotions that work pernicious effects 
 upon the mind and* body fear is the most potent 
 and destructive. There is probably no one who 
 has not, at some time, felt its dominating power. 
 Men and women of all classes and conditions are 
 suffering its effects. Few realize its evil influ- 
 ence, while fewer still know how to rid them- 
 selves of it. Relief lies in the direction of sug- 
 gestion, and nowhere else. 
 
 I find a foeman in the road, called Fear : 
 To doubt is failure ; but to dare, success. 
 
 Post-Hypnotic Suggestion. 
 
 A singular feature of the 
 phenomena of hypnotism is known as Post-Hyp- 
 notic Suggestion. In it we appear to find posi- 
 tive proof of the duality of mind. It is available 
 for curative purposes. 
 
 For example, the patient, while in hypnosis, is 
 
194 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 told that, at a certain time, he will experience a 
 sensation of a certain character, and, at the time 
 appointed, surely enough, without recollection of 
 the prediction, he does experience it. We will 
 suppose he is told that a remedy about to be 
 prescribed for his relief will, on its third repeti- 
 tion, be distinctly felt to assist curative action as 
 indicated in a sensation of warmth extending all 
 through the body, and a sense of revulsion in the 
 affected organ, and that these sensations will be 
 succeeded by a consciousness of positive relief 
 and an assurance of rapidly-returning health. 
 
 Can you not see what an instrument for good 
 such a suggestion may become? 
 
 I give this as a mere illustration. Of course 
 the suggestion will be varied to suit particular 
 cases. 
 
 It will be found that most patients receiving 
 such a suggestion will experience the symptoms 
 mentioned and be correspondingly benefited 
 thereby. 
 
 The possibilities of post-hypnotic suggestion 
 are very great, and he who most wisely avails 
 himself of them will be most successful. 
 
V. 
 
 The Practice of Psycho-Therapy 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (195) 
 
"Tell him tlmt his very longing 
 
 Is itself an answering cry; 
 That his prayer, 'Come, gracious Allah!' 
 
 Is my answer, 'Here am I.' 
 Every inmost aspiration 
 
 Is God's angel undeflled ; 
 And in every 'O my Father !' 
 
 Slumbers deep a 'Here, my child.' " 
 
 •Unconscious education is more powerful and lasting than 
 conscious education. Habit goes farther than precept, and 
 we must ascribe most of our successes with ourselves to the 
 formation of good habits. 
 
 'Accordingly, the way to check a bad habit is to form a good 
 one in its place. Character represents but the sum of one's 
 habits.'"— Leavitt. 
 
 "All being assumes form. Every thought, however'fleeting, 
 tends to unite with feeling ; every emotion, however vague, 
 tends to unite with thought, becoming an idea— a thing of 
 life, and taking form in the cosmic matter which is the 
 matrix or mother principle."— M. Woodbury Sawyer. 
 
 096) 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY— Continued. 
 THE PLACE OF SUGGESTION IH ROUTINE PRACTICE. 
 
 A physician's experience consists largely of a 
 routine of duties that are made bearable by a 
 sense of suffering mitigated and disorders healed. 
 The doctor goes through the daily grind with a 
 degree of cheerfulness and courage incompre- 
 hensible to the lay mind that may see only the 
 melancholy and disagreeable features. 
 
 But the physician who loves his work is never 
 satisfied with following exactly the same course 
 and using exactly the same remedies day after 
 day. To him 
 
 "Every day is a fresh beginning." 
 
 The experience of yesterday must be im- 
 proved upon. He utilizes the lessons of past 
 failures and gathers all his powers for a new 
 and more promising attack on his obstinate foe. 
 He is continually studying and planning. 
 
 Many innovations are suggested; many new 
 remedies are offered. From among them he 
 selects those which to him appear most promis- 
 ing. He finds himself too often worsted to be 
 satisfied with his present equipment. 
 
 A means of cure that fits into the grooves of 
 practice, that does not involve cumbersome 
 apparatus and that can be utilized in the office 
 and at the bedside, must be recognized as a 
 desideratum. 
 
 (197) 
 
198 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 This is precisely what suggestion offers. 
 
 The purpose of the author is to illustrate the 
 value of suggestion, to show how it can be 
 adapted to practice and made useful under the 
 inconstant phases of morbidity. 
 
 USES OF SUGGESTION IN MEDICAL PRACTICE. 
 
 Modern practice has a distinct line of demar- 
 cation running through it and the two grand 
 divisions are termed (1) Medicine and (2) Surgery. 
 
 Demeanor of Physician. 
 
 The physician commonly 
 meets his patients either at his own office or at 
 the bedside. 
 
 The very courtesy with which the patient is 
 greeted has the power of a suggestion in it. 
 There, of course, should be an intimation of per- 
 sonal poise and power in it which cannot fail to 
 impress the patient and to pave the way for the 
 curative suggestion that may follow. To the 
 patient it also bespeaks interest ; and since inter- 
 est in turn implies sympathy, the sufferer hails 
 it as a prophecy of help. 
 
 The Examination. 
 
 Means and methods of investiga- 
 tion play an important role that the charlatan 
 has been quick to recognize and utilize. The 
 average patient is impressed by an array of in- 
 struments and is mystified by their use in diag- 
 nosis. The stethoscope, the speculum, the oph- 
 thalmoscope and the microscope have a utility 
 beyond, if not above, that for which they were 
 designed. 
 
POSITIVE DIAGNOSIS. 199 
 
 On the other hand, there is a suggestive power 
 in a renunciation of all these, and an examination, 
 the penetration of which appears to make all 
 these helps unnecessary. 
 
 We find, upon reflection, that we are daily 
 employing suggestive therapeutics in our routine 
 practice, in most instances without having recog- 
 nized its true character. In the speech, in the 
 expression of countenance, in the bits of civility, 
 or the lack of them, we are preparing the minds 
 of our patients to receive as truth the more direct 
 assurances that may be given. 
 
 Positive Diagnosis. 
 
 Then, when we have examined 
 our patient, the manner of making known our 
 conclusions carries much weight. A spirit of 
 uncertainty chills and paralyzes. During the 
 progress of an examination the patient is usually 
 a keen and wistful observer. He realizes that 
 on the conclusions derived from it much of his 
 weal or woe probably depends. It is a wise 
 physician who remembers these truths and who 
 seeks by word and look to disclose the recogni- 
 tion of a chain of symptoms that mean much to 
 the subject's discriminating vision. 
 
 At the conclusion of an examination only posi- 
 tive opinions carry much force. To express un- 
 certainty in diagnosis or prognosis is always weak- 
 ening. It is far better to be positive and err than 
 to be wavering. You can be forgiven if wrong, for 
 your very assurance will have done the patient a 
 certain amount of good, even though it was only 
 for the time. Clear notes are more pleasing 
 than mere noises, for they are musical. It takes 
 courage and confidence to be positive: anybody 
 
200 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 can be negative. A positive conclusion, after a 
 careful examination, smacks of skill and ability. 
 Says Dr. Carpenter : 
 
 "That the confident expectation of a cure is the most 
 potent means of bringing it about, doing that which no 
 medical treatment can accomplish, may be affirmed as 
 the generalized result of experiences of the most varied 
 kind, extending through a long series of ages." 
 
 When succeeding to a case that has been 
 dragging under the care of others until discour- 
 agement makes a cure under existing circum- 
 stances impossible, the patient must be infused 
 with new courage if one hope to succeed. With- 
 out violating any ethical principles it is possible 
 to do this. The chief study should be fixed upon 
 the best manner of compassing one's purpose. 
 
 Diagnostic and prognostic conclusions that are 
 jumped to will not be likely to impress; and it 
 may not be wise to venture a positive opinion at 
 the first visit. The lawyer prefers to reserve his 
 opinion until he has had time to examine author- 
 ities and reason out a conclusion. If contra- 
 indications do not clearly forbid, the effect of 
 withholding one's opinion may have a good 
 effect. 
 
 The Prescription. 
 
 The prescription should be a 
 finality. All the suggestions ought to lead up to 
 it, so that at the last the patient's mind shall be 
 riveted upon it. Indications of deliberate 
 thought concerning the treatment have a whole- 
 some effect. There is a period of evident un- 
 certainty, during which the physician discloses 
 an effort to differentiate; and then follows the 
 final choice. The patient and friends are im- 
 pressed by the mental action and interaction of 
 
THE PRESCRIPTION. 201 
 
 the process — the play of mental forces — as the 
 physician weighs physical and mental indications. 
 
 Having chosen the remedy, its action is as- 
 sured by giving the patient definite indications 
 of what you expect from it. The remedy itself 
 should not be disclosed. The deeper the air 
 of mystery the profounder the effect. It has 
 been a common practice with certain eminently 
 successful physicians to work up their patients' 
 minds to a high degree of expectation and to 
 create a vivid conception of the promised action 
 of the remedy before administering it. 
 
 Such a practice is founded on psychic princi- 
 ples and is to be commended. Besides, the 
 effect is far more likely to develop what we seek 
 if the remedy be carefully chosen and the sug- 
 gestion correspond to the pathogenetic action of 
 the drug. 
 
 Do not forget that action is always move easily 
 excited along lines of least resistance. 
 
 It is wise to enter into an exegesis to the 
 patient of the expected action of the remedy, 
 and after doing this the effect is intensified by 
 being most explicit concerning the directions for 
 taking it. I have found good effects from hav- 
 ing each dose of the drug put into a glass of hot 
 water and slowly sipped. Patients have reported 
 that they formed a real liking for such a draught 
 because of the marked effect observed. 
 
 Remedies given in any unusual way, as by 
 hypodermic injection, are more pro7iounced in 
 their action^ as I have demonstrated a thousand 
 times. 
 
 Precise directions with respect to the intervals 
 between doses are of much value. I knew an 
 old doctor, now dead, with little knowledge of 
 
202 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 medicine and no general education, whose suc- 
 cess, which was quite wonderful, was due to the 
 very causes just alluded to. His remedies were 
 thought to have magical virtues, and they cer- 
 tainly did appear to work some surprising cures. 
 But the results were almost wholly due to the 
 suggestions made, though I do not suppose that 
 even he was aware of it. 
 
 There is this to be said concerning the reme- 
 dies themselves : None have so pronounced effects 
 as those which the doctor himself dispenses. Drugs 
 that come out of a store where every one can be 
 served, and where the air is redolent with the 
 emanations from them, do not carry the same 
 influence as do those carefully put up by the 
 physician and given out by his own hand, with 
 explicit directions. 
 
 Proprietary remedies, with general directions, 
 are to be discountenanced. 
 
 In connection with the prescription there are a 
 thousand ways of projecting powerful sugges- 
 tions that cannot fail to act with helpful energy. 
 
 When once the principles of psychic impression 
 are recognized, one finds innumerable occasions to 
 avail ones self of their aid. 
 
 Bedside Visits. 
 
 In house visits the opportunity to 
 practice suggestion is equally great. The patient 
 is usually in bed, and expectant. It is, say, the 
 first visit. It may be that you come as a 
 stranger, but more likely you come as one con- 
 cerning whom the patient and friends have 
 heard much. There is alarm in the household, 
 an unfavorable outcome being feared. Agitation, 
 
FREQUENCY OF CALLS. 203 
 
 fear, hope, grief have wrought their full measure 
 of disturbance in the minds of all. 
 
 Under such circumstances every word and act 
 of the physician is full of significance to the 
 patient and friends. How closely they scan his 
 countenance ! Is there a ray of hope to be found 
 in his face? He looks grave and perplexed: this 
 must mean that he sees little chance for the 
 patient. But hold, he has found a new line of 
 symptoms. His countenance brightens. He 
 had smiled before, but with an expression of 
 pity and grief. Now it is plain that the smile 
 carries abundant hope. Then comes assurances. 
 The patient, though very ill, he thinks shows 
 signs of beginning recovery. The hidden forces 
 of nature have evidently acquired new energy. 
 The prescription? Well, there are but a few 
 remedies required — perhaps but one. They will 
 fit into right places and give added power. 
 1 'Courage, now, " he says, "we are in the broad 
 sunlight when we thought we were under the 
 cloud. All is well." 
 
 Under such conditions we nearly always find 
 that Health waits just around the corner. 
 
 How little does the average physician realize 
 the tremendous forces at his command) awaiting 
 only deft manipulation to adapt them to his aid. 
 He who recognizes them and learns the laws con- 
 trolling their utilization becomes a real wonder- 
 worker. THIS IS THE TRUE THAUMATURGY OF 
 MEDICINE. 
 
 Frequency of Calls. 
 
 In carrying out suggestive treat- 
 ment the patient ought to be seen at short inter- 
 vals. The movement begun needs to be sus- 
 
204: THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 tained. There will be a strong disposition on 
 the part of the patient to drop again into the 
 ruts now so deeply worn and he will have to be 
 lifted out time and again and set on smooth 
 ground. To secure co-operation in the attempt 
 at restoration it may be advisable to make what 
 will look to an economical patient like unneces- 
 sary expense. There are many people who think 
 a few office calls or house visits, distributed 
 through much time, ample provision to effect any 
 cure. If the patient be really unable to pay, the 
 physician must do as he has always done : charge 
 his services up to ' 'profit and loss." But a 
 penurious spirit on the patient's part will seri- 
 ously handicap the physician's best efforts to 
 make a cure. 
 
 Be plain. Insist on having your own way in 
 the treatment, and, if refused, decline the case. 
 Your success as a physician at the last depends 
 on your achievements, and you cannot afford to 
 fritter away your energies on those who are 
 determined to restrict your necessary attentions. 
 
VI 
 
 The Practice of Psycho-Therapy 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (205) 
 

 " S'pose success don't come at fust; 
 
 What be you goin' to dew ? 
 Throw up the sponge and kick yourself, 
 
 An 1 go to feelin' blue ? 
 Uv course you ain't ; your goin' to fish, 
 
 An' bait, an' bait agin ; 
 Bimeby success will bite your hook, 
 
 And you will pull him in." 
 
 1 The power of mental concentration is a most desirable one, 
 and yet it will prove a source of distress unless properly 
 disciplined. The hysterical patient belongs to the wrongly- 
 concentrating class. She sets her thought upon morbid 
 sensations and unwholesome concepts. The most pro- 
 nounced types of hysteria are oftentimes manifested in 
 those of much mental and physical strength. They are 
 examples of energy going to waste. They are the most 
 obdurate class of patients. Convergent mental strabismus 
 in women of strong volition and developed mind can be 
 relieved only by clever management and oft-repeated sug- 
 gestions of a graded en aracter. These patients can be cured, 
 but much time and effort are required to effect the desired 
 result. ' '—Leavitt. 
 
 Let this be your teaching : " Anticipate nothing but good 
 in the future. Burn all doleful prophecies ; they are lies. 
 Some evil must befall you, but those about which you are 
 certain will never come true. The Devil is no prophet." 
 
 —Frank C. Haddock. 
 
 In a recent number of the British Medical Journal this 
 frank admission is found : " Disease of the body is so much 
 influenced by the mind that in each case we have to un- 
 derstand the patient quite as much as the malady. This is 
 not learnt in hospitals." 
 
 (206) 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY— Continued. 
 
 wow-RouTnra suggestive treatment. 
 
 Thus far we have considered mainly a physi- 
 cian's routine treatment and have pointed out 
 certain features of it peculiarly open to the adap- 
 tation of psychic impression. Now we will turn 
 to more pronounced suggestion and offer certain 
 modes of treatment, the effect of which has been 
 repeatedly verified. 
 
 But before entering upon a detailed relation of 
 these it will be well to refer again to some prin- 
 ciples of treatment that deserve to be empha- 
 sized. 
 
 It has elsewhere been said that a suggestion, 
 to be most effective, should be given with energy 
 and impressiveness. This feature of treatment 
 is all-important. I shall not attempt to do more 
 than lay down general rules of procedure, indi- 
 cating certain features of treatment that have 
 given me good results 
 
 Darkness. 
 
 Mind readers claim they succeed better 
 in their tests when blindfolded than when mov- 
 ing and reading with open eyes. The eyes of 
 the clairvoyant are usually closed when she is 
 4 'reading." Why? Because distracting sights 
 are shut out by darkness. They would probably 
 do better still with the sense of hearing dulled 
 through muffling. 
 
 (207) 
 
208 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 In concentrating the mind we seek to get as 
 far away from the sense vibrations as possible. 
 I often find myself closing my eyes when mak- 
 ing a tactual examination of patients, and even 
 when sitting alone in thought. In shutting the 
 eyes we bar out much of the distracting world 
 of physical phenomena and enter the realm of 
 shadow, which we proceed to people according 
 to our fancy. 
 
 In pursuance of this theory and to insure the 
 banishment of all diverting sights, we may put 
 the patient into a dark room, or we may insist on 
 closed eyes. 
 
 With the avenues of vision in some such way 
 shut off, the mind of the patient has less mate- 
 rial upon which to operate and is more easily 
 concentrated upon the suggestions that may be 
 given. 
 
 The suggestions themselves can be most con- 
 veniently given by word of mouth, the utterance 
 being slow and distinct, bearing to the sense of 
 the patient an impression of sincerity and truth. 
 Since the mind of one who is ill has less than 
 the average amount of stability, attention is 
 easily diverted. Accordingly it will be found 
 advisable to occasionally recall the possibly wan- 
 dering thought by sharp and forcible commands, 
 like, "Listen, " "Now hearken, " ■ 'Notice what I 
 say," etc. It is well to repeat a suggestion in 
 the identical words, time and again, so that the 
 ear may hold, and later reiterate to the subcon- 
 sciousness, what the consciousness does not at 
 the moment fully comprehend. 
 
 The suggestions are given much greater force 
 also by a few introductory remarks in the way of 
 preparation for what is to follow. Dilate, if you 
 
Digital Treatment of Spinal Nerves 
 (Histrionic Suggestion) 
 
DARKNESS. 
 
 209 
 
 please, on the wretchedness of present conditions 
 and give positive assurance of the restoration to 
 ensue. Explain briefly the manner of its com- 
 ing, in relief of pain and an increasing sense of 
 health stealing into every part. Health is to 
 grow out of unwholesome conditions; light is to 
 dispel darkness; faith is to supplant despondency; 
 and the fruits of the Spirit of Life are to become 
 manifest. 
 
 The character of the talk will be determined 
 largely by the intelligence of the subject. The 
 healer's success will depend in great measure on 
 his ability to interpret his patient's character and 
 to supply his peculiar needs. 
 
 While in the darkness, an affirmation may be 
 fastened in the mind by turning focused rays of 
 light upon a slate or chart, whereon, in plain 
 letters, the affirmation appears. One can readily 
 fancy the effect of this when the written or 
 printed suggestion is tersely put. 
 
 Figure 14. Slate with Sample Suggestion. 
 
 Another method of impressing, well adapted 
 to office practice, is the use of the graphophone. 
 
210 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 The physician can make his own records, and, 
 with slight expense, provide records specially 
 suited to individual cases. 
 
 The procedure is made most effective by use 
 of the tubes. The words then come as though 
 spoken loudly into the ears, and the impression 
 is correspondingly strong. 
 
 The same machine can thus be used both to 
 soothe and to excite. It is capable of giving 
 most pronounced suggestive aid to those who 
 are not only confined to the bed, but even those 
 who are objectively unconscious. For certain 
 cases it is serviceable in office practice. 
 
 A helpful suggestion repeated again and again 
 cannot fail to contribute much aid in the cure of 
 disease. 
 
 Close the Patient's Eyes. . 
 
 It is not always either ad- 
 visable or possible to treat patients in a dark 
 room. Fortunately we are able in other ways 
 to shut out diverting and distracting sights. 
 
 For ordinary office treatment I deem it best 
 to seat the patient in a chair with a moderately 
 low back. The physician should then take a 
 position behind the patient and lay his hands 
 upon the forehead and eyes. The position is 
 convenient, modest, and, I may add, command- 
 ing. It is one that the most sensitive woman 
 would not object to. It is the most desirable 
 position for suggestive treatment, whether the 
 intention be to give the suggestions with, or 
 without, hypnosis. 
 
 Suggestion by Manipulation.^ . , . 
 
 One of the most popular 
 
 methods of administering suggestion is that com- 
 
SUGGESTIONS WITH VACUUM TREATMENT. 211 
 
 monly known as Osteopathy. There is a certain 
 amount of benefit to be had from the passive 
 exercise that it affords, just as there is from 
 massage, of which it is really another form. 
 Men are more successful with it than are women, 
 because they have more physical and mental 
 strength. 
 
 Digital pressure on either side of the vertebral 
 bodies throughout the entire length of the spine, 
 accompanied with an explanation of the good to 
 be derived from such massage in the vicinity of 
 the sympathetic ganglia, is sure to be of much 
 service, especially to those who are neurasthenic. 
 
 With regard to such treatment it will be un- 
 derstood that the more stress put upon the sug- 
 gestion of good to ensue, the better the result. 
 There is little room to doubt that the beneficial 
 effects resulting from all forms of manipulative 
 treatment proceed from the psychic impression 
 that they make. 
 
 Suggestion with 
 Vacuum Treatment. 
 
 What has been termed ' 'Va- 
 cuum Treatment," which is the application of 
 cups to a part, most frequently the spine, falls 
 within the same category. It is a mode of treat- 
 ment from which much good may be had in 
 many cases, especially to those with spinal 
 lesions, provided the suggestion of rational 
 effects be properly made. I have a few patients 
 who regard it as a panacea. 
 
 Suggestion with Electricity. 
 
 I had been using elec- 
 tricity a long time before I became convinced 
 
212' THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHOTHERAPY. 
 
 that its true value was to be found in the energy 
 of the suggestion that it gives. I now have no 
 doubt of this. It is one of the best agencies for 
 cure that the physician has at command. Every- 
 thing associated with it has a psychic smack. 
 First of all there is the fear with which many 
 regard it. In school days they may have experi- 
 enced one of its " shocks " with which the teacher 
 loves to illustrate the electric energy, or from 
 some "family battery" they may have taken a 
 dose through the hands, and the sensation has 
 left a memory of rather an unpleasant experi- 
 ence. Then there is the thought that electricity 
 lights our houses, runs our cars, kills our mur- 
 derers, and flashes in the lightning that illum- 
 ines the heavens in the darkness of a thunder- 
 storm. 
 
 The quiet energy of the regulated current, 
 known to be so potent, is impressive. After a 
 first gentle treatment most of my patients ex- 
 press their emotions and testify to the mental 
 effect produced by such an ejaculation, as: 
 "Electricity is a wonderful thing, doctor, 
 isn't it?" 
 
 To those of my readers who have used elec- 
 tricity with benefit, let me say that, if they will 
 now distinctly associate with it the psychic 
 thought, and seek by means of it to augment the 
 power of curative suggestion, they will witness 
 thaumaturgic phenomena such as would have set 
 the old world ablaze with enthusiastic reports of 
 Divine interposition in behalf of ailing humanity. 
 
 Suggestion with 
 the Inverted Plane. 
 
 While I am mentioning some 
 
THE INVERTED PLANE. 
 
 213 
 
 of the many means by which we may deepen 
 curative impression I should not omit the In- 
 verted Plane. Two-thirds of life is spent with 
 the trunk of the body in an erect position. This 
 means that those parts of the body below the 
 cardiac level are all this time being easily sup- 
 plied with the circulatory fluid, while those 
 above the same level are receiving their supply 
 at an expense of greater effort. Not only is this 
 true, but we should remember, in the same con- 
 nection, that the blood on one side is being lifted 
 back to the heart against the force of gravity, 
 while from the other side it is materially aided 
 on its return by gravity. The result cannot fail 
 to be a more or less unbalanced circulation, the 
 results of which can plainly be traced in later life. 
 
 I do not need to stop here to expatiate upon 
 the ill-effects liable to result from such a natural 
 partiality in the sanguineous distribution. My 
 purpose is only to show that the possibility of 
 harmful effects constitutes a basis for an exped- 
 ient that greatly aids in administering curative 
 suggestion. You may deny, if you will, the 
 harmful tendency of the conditions mentioned, 
 at the same time there would be no difficulty in 
 convincing a patient of the possibility of harm 
 resulting therefrom. 
 
 My plan of treatment is to use the adjustable 
 office chair, and, after placing the patient upon 
 it in the dorsal position and lowering the leg 
 support so as to prevent sliding when the head 
 is depressed, give an incline of ten or twenty 
 degrees. 
 
 In this position the patient is allowed to re- 
 main, if reasonably comfortable, for ten or fifteen 
 minutes, during which time the suggestion of 
 
214 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 help from the treatment is being impressed. 
 She is then returned to the horizontal for a few 
 moments before being allowed to assume the 
 upright posture. 
 
 Of course this treatment is not adapted to all 
 cases, and with old people it should be used 
 with much caution, if at all. 
 
 Suggestion Expedi- 
 ents at the Bedside. 
 
 In addition to certain of the ex- 
 pedients already mentioned, in hospital and 
 domiciliary practice, there are others of which 
 the resourceful physician may avail himself. 
 Among them are sponge baths of alcohol or 
 water containing substances that will gently 
 tingle when applied to the skin. A few drops 
 of capsicum or cantharis in a pint of water will 
 serve the purpose. If applied over the seat of 
 the trouble it will better serve the purpose. 
 
 The true effect of these, as of most other 
 applications, including sinapisms, is derived from 
 their psychic action. Anything of the kind holds 
 the attention to the affected region, with the 
 associated thought of cure. The action is much 
 like that of most efficient remedies given inter- 
 nally. The chief difference lies in dependence 
 on the selective power of the latter and the 
 direct application of the other. 
 
 The objective and subjective attention brings 
 about the curative movement. It is an axiom 
 of demonstrable psychology that attention deter- 
 mines action. 
 
 Then there are the colored rays of light, the oft- 
 repeated assurances, the cheerful faces of attend- 
 ants, the suppression of all signs of serious 
 
SUGGESTION EXPEDIENTS. 
 
 215 
 
 anxiety, the hanging of beautiful pictures and 
 cheerful mottoes, the reading of selected stories 
 and humorous bits, together with the thousand- 
 and-one things which will occur to the mind of 
 one who has faith in the curative power of mental 
 suggestion. All these are useful in their several 
 places. 
 
'What would 'st thou? All is thine. 
 The ways are opening for thee, 
 The light of truth doth shine. 
 Then halt not— question not— 
 Be still and assert the I." 
 
 (21 •) 
 
VII 
 
 The Practice of Psycho-Therapy 
 
 (continued) 
 
 (217) 
 
At least ninety-eight per cent, of our mental life is sub- 
 conscious. If you will analyze your mental operations you 
 will find that consciousness — conscious thinking — is never 
 a continuous line of consciousness, but a series of conscious 
 data with great intervals of subccnscious. We sit and try 
 to solve a problem and fail. We rise and walk around, try 
 again and fail. Suddenly an idea dawns that leads to the 
 solution of the problem. The subconscious processes 
 were at work. We do not volitionally create our own 
 thinking. It takes place in us. We are more or less pass- 
 ive recipients. We cannot change the nature of a thought 
 or of a truth, but we can, as it were, guide the ship by the 
 moving of the helm. Our mentation is largely the result of 
 the Cosmic Whole upon us. Annihilate the Cosmos and 
 our thinking would instantly cease." 
 
 —Prof. Elmer Gates in " Mind Building." 
 
 Finally, if beneath a fanaticism and the extravagance of 
 men blindly seeking relief from pain, some glimmering 
 truth makes way, that truth also it must be for science to 
 adopt and to utilize, to clarify and to interpret. By one 
 method or other— and her familiar method of wide- 
 spread cautious experiment should surely be the best — 
 science must subject to her own deliberate purposes that 
 intelligent vital control, that reserve of energy which lies 
 beneath the conscious threshold and works obscurely for 
 the evolution of man."— F. W. H. Myers, 
 
 (218) 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY— Continued. 
 SUGGESTION IN SURGERY. 
 
 Suggestion finds in surgery a rich and produc- 
 tive field, but one wherein its value has thus far 
 remained almost wholly unrecognized, its power 
 but partially utilized. 
 
 Surgery has wrought marvelously during the 
 last generation. Its praises are sung on every 
 side. ' 'Great is Modern Surgery, " we may well 
 cry. It has done much. 
 
 It is customary to ascribe the tremendous 
 advances in this department very largely to im- 
 proved technique, and rightly so, I verily believe. 
 But they have not come alone from innovations 
 along the line of cleanliness. The process has 
 been complex and, in a measure, inexplicable. 
 I know a surgeon who gives little heed to the 
 modern methods of sterilization, who in his pre- 
 cautions is but slightly in advance of the opera- 
 tor of three decades ago, but whose results, while 
 not so free from suppuration, discomforts and 
 deaths as those of the more scrupulous surgeon, 
 are far better than those following in the wake of 
 old-time surgery. 
 
 Suggestion a Factor 
 in Surgical Advances. 
 
 Now, why is this so? It 
 does not prove that modern precautions are 
 
 (219) 
 

 2*20 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 inessential; but, in my opinion, it does prove 
 that other and hitherto unrecognized causes are 
 playing important parts. Public confidence in 
 surgical procedures is at its height. The faith 
 of the surgeon in himself has become established. 
 The atmosphere of the operating room, and, 
 indeed, of the whole hospital, has been relieved 
 of much of its fear-thought. Expectancy with a 
 smile, instead of a tear, stands on tiptoe. 
 
 This, my fellows, is one of the hitherto un- 
 recognized causes of our present success to which 
 I allude and the chief one that will now be 
 pointed out. By recognizing the psychic factor 
 as a distinct and valuable element of success and 
 utilizing it to its full value, surgery may be 
 carried to a still higher plane of utility. 
 
 In an earlier part of this work I have made 
 allusion to certain reprehensible excesses and 
 defects to be found in surgical practice. These, 
 when overcome, will enable it to find the place 
 in disease cure wherein it rightly belongs and 
 which it will be sure to fill with unexampled effi- 
 ciency. 
 
 Suggestion in the 
 Surgical Examination. 
 
 In an earlier part of the book 
 I took occasion to point out, in few words, the 
 essentials of a first surgical interview as seen 
 from a suggestive standpoint. It may be well to 
 refer to that in connection with what here follows. 
 
 Suggestion During 
 the Operation. 
 
 To so important an event the 
 patient comes with mingled feelings of fear and 
 confidence. The mind of a thinking being can- 
 
 
SUGGESTION IN ANESTHESIA. 221 
 
 not well be wholly cleared of fear in the presence 
 of a crisis which strongly menaces physical ex- 
 istence. Happy is the patient who can muster 
 an array of cheerful feelings and who looks for- 
 ward to the outcome with a good degree of 
 assurance. Happy, also, the operator who refuses 
 to see aught but a cure in prospect for the 
 patient upon whom he is distinctly called to 
 operate, and whose demeanor does not belie his 
 feelings. 
 
 Suggestion in Anesthesia, 
 
 Do not be startled when I 
 say that anesthesia is akin to hypnosis; and do 
 not spurn the demand that we demean ourselves 
 with circumspection in the presence of the former 
 as well as the latter, through fear of prejudicial 
 suggestion. 
 
 The meaning of this is that I have a settled 
 conviction that the anesthetic state, while not one 
 of objective conscio?isness } is nevertheless one of 
 suggestibility. 
 
 We are to remember two tilings in this collec- 
 tion: (I) that the subconsciousness is ever alert 
 and (2) that objective consciousness is not essential 
 to effective suggestion. I state this as a theorem, 
 and shall leave the proof to the clinical experi- 
 ence of my readers. 
 
 Suggestion in Giv- 
 ing the Anesthetic 
 
 Before beginning the anesthetic, 
 the anesthetizer, or, better still, the operator, 
 should explain to the patient the course of action 
 that terminates in complete narcosis, and give 
 every assurance of entire safety under the careful 
 
222 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 administration of the anesthetic about to be 
 undertaken. Explain the advisability of yield- 
 ing quietly to the sensations, as they develop, 
 with the knowledge that the feelings, while they 
 may be unpleasant in certain particulars, are 
 harmless. 
 
 Right here let me stop to say that these instruc- 
 tions are practical, as well as theoretical, they 
 having been followed by me for years, and always 
 with decided benefit 
 
 Begin the anesthetic slowly; watch its effects 
 and speak soothing words as you proceed. 
 
 Treat the patient from the start much as you 
 would if hypnotizing him. Declare that drowsi- 
 ness is stealing over him, and that he will soon 
 be fast asleep. Say : 
 
 11 Sleepy, sleepy, sleepy, slee-py, slee-py," 
 drawling and intonating the words with a cadence 
 that indicates drowsiness. 
 
 "Almost asleep; almost asleep." 
 
 And then, when you think deep sleep approach- 
 ing, say, in sharp tones: 
 
 "Fast asleep; fast asleep," at the same time 
 slapping the patient lightly to see if the sugges- 
 tion take effect. 
 
 When evidently fast asleep, say in loud tones : 
 
 1 * You are now fast asleep. We shall do only 
 what is best for yoa, and when you awake it will 
 be to begin a permanent recovery. New life will 
 take possession of you. You are to be a 
 well man/" 
 
 ' ' You will suffer no pain during the operation, 
 and very little afterwards." 
 
 ' ' There will be no nausea and vomiting when 
 you awaken." 
 
 By using suggestion you will save a good deal 
 
SUGGESTION IN ANESTHESIA. 223 
 
 of time. Besides, the patient falls into anesthe- 
 sia much more readily and peacefully. 
 
 It will not be necessary to await full narcosis 
 before laying the patient on the table and doing 
 the preliminary work. Say to him: 
 
 ' ' Listen, now. We are merely going to get you 
 ready. You will not be hurt. Indeed, you are 
 already past the point of feeling. See? That 
 does not hurt you (pinching lightly). Now, let 
 us do just as we want to. We are your friends. " 
 
 Talk thus, and work at the same time. You 
 will usually find the patient perfectly tractable. 
 
 Should he say that he knows what you are 
 doing, tell him you very well know that, but that 
 you are only preparing him so as to save time. 
 This will satisfy. 
 
 Suggestibility of the 
 Patient in Anesthesia. 
 
 It is commonly supposed that 
 one who is objectively unconscious is wholly 
 oblivious to environment. He certainly appears 
 to be. You can pinch, slap and prick him with- 
 out awakening much reflex action. You can cry 
 in his ears and he will neither answer nor give 
 particular sign of hearing. On waking he has 
 no recollection of events. From these facts sur- 
 geons have inferred that an anesthetized patient 
 is for the time beyond the reach of mental im- 
 pression. 
 
 I ask you to recall that hypnosis furnishes a 
 condition in some respects analogous. The 
 patient is made unconscious and anesthetic by 
 oral suggestion instead of toxic influence. In 
 neither case is there conscious memory of occur- 
 rences and experiences; and yet in hypnosis we 
 
224 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 have time and again demonstrated a perfect sub- 
 jective memory. 
 
 The reader need not be surprised when I say 
 that I have often seen just as clear evidence of 
 subconscious memory of events taking place in the 
 anesthetic state. Moreover, this subconscious 
 memory is the secret of much of the good effect 
 following surgical procedure. A profound sub- 
 jective impression is made which ultimates in 
 vast good to the patient. 
 
 It is upon these considerations that I base my 
 advice to the surgeon to be as circumspect in his 
 utterances and actions during the operation as 
 he is with the patient in an objectively conscious 
 state. This is an important suggestion, and I 
 advise you not to spurn it. 
 
 In the course of an operation complications are 
 apt to arise seriously menacing the patient's life. 
 At such a time the effect is far better if we insist 
 upon perfect composure in all and allow no word 
 of discouragement to escape the lips. Evident 
 fright in operator and assistants may turn the 
 scale against the patient's life, this is no jest, and 
 
 HE WHO IGNORES THE ADVICE DOES SO AT HIS PA- 
 TIENT'S PERIL. 
 
 When an operation is undertaken by a consci- 
 entious surgeon it is expected to bring beneficial 
 results, and he is bound to use every endeavor to 
 elevate it to the ideal standard. Confidence 
 should, therefore, be the predominant spirit among 
 those who take part in it. Long faces and 
 doubtful expressions are to be debarred. It 
 should be a determined march straight to suc- 
 cess; and the spirit of triumph ought to charac- 
 terize it. 
 
DURING WAKING. 225 
 
 Suggestion During Wak- 
 ing from the Anesthesia. 
 
 As soon as the patient has 
 been returned to his bed it is well to renew sug- 
 gestive dosing. He cannot swallow drugs, but 
 he can swallow assurances and affirmations. Let 
 consciousness dawn upon his mind in a flood of 
 bright expectancy rather than of gloomy fore- 
 bodings. 
 
 None but an optimistic and cheerful nurse 
 should be allowed with the patient. I have some- 
 times thought that selected nurses ought to be 
 detailed for this particular service. Let the suf- 
 ferer's eyes, when they first open, fall upon a 
 face filled with radiant hope and strong good 
 nature. 
 
 We give altogether too little attention, in our 
 training of nurses, to inculcating the importance 
 of these psychic considerations. They mean 
 much to one who has taken upon herself the care 
 of the sick and suffering, and far more to her 
 patients. There is abroad too much pessimistic 
 thought and feeling. It is too commonly con- 
 ceded that 
 
 The world has so much of sorrow — 
 So much that is hard and bad. 
 
 This is the superficial view. Look deeper and 
 you will find that a large part of the appearance 
 is due to illusion. I often repeat to myself a lit- 
 tle verse learned in childhood : 
 
 This world is not so bad a world 
 As some would like to make it, 
 
 And whether good, or whether bad, 
 Depends on how we take it. 
 
226 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 Suggestion in After Management 
 
 There is small occa- 
 sion for me to say much under this head. The 
 principles of management have been already 
 clearly indicated. The whole atmosphere must 
 be impregnated with confidence and good cheer. 
 There should not be frivolity, but there should 
 be good humor and plenty of it. 
 
 The stage of recovery from an operation is 
 peculiarly suited to the implantation of whole- 
 some concepts and helpful ideas. The reader 
 will recall what has elsewhere been said concern- 
 ing the need among all who are ill of a better con- 
 ception of the important relations between mind 
 and body. You can make it a period of school- 
 ing that shall prove of inestimable value. The 
 surgeon has a reputation for obduracy which he 
 is here given an opportunity greatly to modify 
 by becoming to his convalescent patients a 
 teacher of truths of far more practical utility and 
 worth than those attempted to be inculcated by 
 the average religious instructor. 
 
VIII 
 
 The Practice of Psycho-Therapy 
 
 (concluded) 
 
 (227) 
 
" There are innumerable perceptions of which we do not 
 become conscious, on which all actions performed without 
 deliberation, as well as habits and passions, depend. " 
 
 —Leibnitz. 
 
 " The threshold of consciousness may be compared to the 
 surface of a lake and subconsciousness to the depths be- 
 neath it."— James Ward. 
 
 M You can never tell what your thoughts will do 
 In bringing you hate or love ; 
 For thoughts are things, and their airy wings 
 
 Are swift as a carrier dove. 
 They follow the law of the universe- 
 Each thing must create its kind, 
 And they speed o'er the track to bring you back 
 Whatever went out from your mind." 
 
 — W. V. Nieum. 
 
 '* The subconscious guides me by suggestions which seem 
 spontaneous, but which really arise from convictions of my 
 subconsciousness as to my best course. An analogous action 
 is noted in the subject acting under the force of a long-dis- 
 tance suggestion. He is not conscious that such a power is 
 moving him to action. It seems to be wholly spontaneous." 
 
 —Leavitt. 
 
 " Admiral Farragut wrote his wife on the eve of battle : ' As 
 to being prepared for defeat, I certainly am not. Any man 
 who is prepared for defeat would be half-defeated before 
 he commenced.' " 
 
 " There is a continual play of forces on our mind, only a few 
 of which ever reach conscious recognition." 
 
 (228) 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY— Concluded. 
 THE QUESTION OF ABSENT TREATMENT. 
 
 There is no feature of "Christian Science" 
 that has attracted so much ridicule as that of so- 
 called ' 'Absent Treatment. " It is easy enough 
 to understand that the encouragement afforded 
 one under the power of disease, by another who 
 may pose as a healer, is capable of doing much 
 good so long as the one is near the other; but to 
 expect mere thought to travel great distances to 
 effect its purpose is quite another thing. Can 
 curative concepts be established in the mind of 
 one whom we have seen, but who is now at a 
 distance, by the action of our volition ? 
 
 Should the response to this question be in the 
 affirmative, let us then ask: 
 
 ' * Can curative thought find lodgment in the 
 mind of one whom we have never seen, but who 
 seeks absent aid?" 
 
 Those who do not believe that suggestion has 
 curative power under proximate relations will, 
 of course, at once deny that it has power at a 
 distance. 
 
 But what about those who do accept the value 
 of suggestive treatment? Will they deny the 
 possibility of curative action at a distance ? 
 
 Doubtless many will, and it is chiefly to such 
 that I address my observations. Those not 
 already convinced of the value of psycho-therapy 
 
 (229) 
 
230 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 would better pass this chapter, for to them it 
 might seem grossly chimerical. 
 
 The Question Is An- 
 swered by Telepathy. 
 
 I have attempted to show by 
 conclusive evidence, in an earlier chapter, that 
 telepathy is an established fact. The thoughts 
 and feelings of one mind can be communicated 
 to another mind without the aid of physical 
 sense. Just how the thought travels from one 
 mind to the other is not known. We do not yet 
 know even what thought is. But that in some 
 way it leaps the barrier of space and penetrates 
 to the depths of the subconsciousness there ap- 
 pears now to be no doubt. 
 
 // cannot yet be made to do so by all, at will; for 
 the details of the laws of transmission are not 
 known. 
 
 We encounter many people who explain the 
 alleged phenomena of spiritism by saying that it 
 is mere mind reading. They are very willing to 
 admit that another — a clairvoyant or psycho- 
 metrist — can search our minds to the very depths 
 and bring to light many things that had passed 
 out of objective memory, while they stoutly deny 
 the possibility of thought-transferrence between 
 others. Consistency, thou art a jewel! 
 
 Is it not clear that those who admit the value 
 of suggestive treatment in general, and the possi- 
 bility of thought-transferrence under any condi- 
 tions, are in no position to deny the possibility of 
 effective absent treatment ? I can see no alter- 
 native. 
 
 The truth is that no consistent person of thought 
 and observation ca?i today deny the possibility of 
 
THE THEORY DEMONSTRABLE. 231 
 
 the communication of curative thought from one 
 to another without regard to distance. 
 
 My own position is anomalous. A few years 
 ago I did not hesitate to denounce as irrational 
 what now I am forced to admit as possible. 
 Moreover, my own observations have led me to 
 accept as a truth the once-decried absent treat- 
 ment. Be assured that the change has not been 
 wrought in a day, and not at all without clear 
 demonstration of the truth of that for which I 
 now stand. 
 
 Admit the possibility of telepathy and you can- 
 not rationally deny the possibility of absent sug- 
 gestion. If one is possible the other is possible. 
 
 Telepathy and Absent-Sugges- 
 tion Stand or Fall Together. 
 
 I do not hesitate to say 
 that there is no longer a shadow of doubt con- 
 cerning the possibility of thought transferrence. 
 The dynamics of thought now becomes a sub- 
 ject for study. Thought becomes recognized as 
 energy in motion. 
 
 The Theory Demonstrable. 
 
 The phenomena of thought 
 transferrence must not be limited to objective im- 
 pressions, though even these are clearly demon- 
 strable. The thought transferred passes to the 
 subconsciousness and then rises more or less 
 clearly to the threshold of consciousness. 
 
 I have discussed these theories at sufficient 
 length in an earlier chapter on Telepathy and 
 shall not review them here. My present pur- 
 pose is only to remind the reader that telepathy 
 
232 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 rests upon a demonstrable basis. There are the 
 best of scientific reasons for believing in it. 
 
 What Are the Conditions 
 of Thought Transferrence? 
 
 It is doubtless just as essen- 
 tial for us to conform to thought conditions 
 would we successfully impress the mind of an- 
 other at a distance as it is for the telegrapher to 
 conform to electrical conditions who proposes to 
 send a wireless message. In both instances there 
 is a medium of communication. It may be the 
 same medium. It is supposed to be the univer- 
 sal ether. But just what it is no one knows. It 
 may be an electrical atmosphere vibrating with 
 life, upon the waves of which are wafted the pul- 
 sations of thought and feeling, the creations of 
 ideation, as well as the coarser vibrations made 
 by the sending instrument of wireless telegraphy. 
 
 What is already known concerning thought 
 transferrence was learned by experimentation, 
 and learned, be it said to our shame, in the face 
 of ridicule. 
 
 AH, MY BRETHREN, HAS NOT THE 
 TIME COME, IN THIS DAY OF WON- 
 DERS, WHEN WE SHOULD ALL CEASE 
 TO CAST SLUR AND CONTEMPT 
 UPON THE SERIOUS CONVICTIONS OF 
 OTHERS— THE ALLEGED TRUTHS DE- 
 RIVED FROM PROTRACTED STUDY 
 AND EXPERIMENTATION — NO MAT- 
 TER HOW FANTASTICAL THEY MAY 
 AT FIRST APPEAR TO BE? 
 
 It is evident that there are certain persons who, 
 by organization, are peculiarly susceptible to 
 mental impressions. They are veritable sensa- 
 
NEED NOT REACH CONSCIOUSNESS. 233 
 
 tives, receiving and translating with peculiar 
 facility. 
 
 It is said that, by putting his ear to the ground, 
 an Indian can catch the sound of distant feet, 
 fust so these psychometrists appear to be able to 
 turn a mental ear to the great void and hear the 
 sound of distant thought. 
 
 I am acquainted with a few persons peculiarly 
 apt in thought reading. They claim that the 
 faculty is more or less common to all and can be 
 greatly cultivated. In order to become proficient 
 we are told that it is necessary only to connect 
 up the lines between the conscious and sub- 
 conscious faculties. 
 
 ( The subconscious mind is a universal receiver, 
 and, in order to take thought in an objective 
 sense, we have but to open communication between 
 the two minds — to i * search the mind of the spirit. ") 
 
 A Suggestion to Be Effective Need 
 Not Reach the Conscious Mind. 
 
 In order that a sug- 
 gestion become effective it need not reach the 
 conscious mind, though probably it is given more 
 power by reaching it. 
 
 {The subconscious doubtless receives, treasures 
 and acts upon impressions that never rise into 
 consciousness. ) Moreover, many of the thoughts 
 and feelings that appear to spring up spontan- 
 eously within us very likely have an extrinsic 
 origin. They are projections from other minds, 
 coming directly to us, or represent the concrete 
 thought of many. 
 
 {There is no doubt i?t the minds of those who 
 have gone deeply into psychology that we are im- 
 mersed in a pulsating sea of thought. ) 
 
234 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 What I have been leading up to is the essen- 
 tial conditions of thought-transferrence between 
 two minds. In wireless telegraphy the sender 
 and the receiver are required to be so attuned 
 that their vibrations shall harmonize. A similar 
 harmony has to exist between minds in order to 
 put them into communication. It is a species 
 of selective affinity such as is manifested by the 
 various physical structures, each taking on 
 according to its adaptation, and passing onward 
 those substances that do not fall under the power 
 of its attraction. 
 
 Hudson, in his "Law of Psychic Phenomena," 
 annunciated a method of cure through absent 
 treatment, the details of which I do not need 
 here to recount. In his first edition he reported 
 a large number of cures by means of it, without 
 a single failure. 
 
 Eight years subsequently I wrote the author 
 asking if his later experience had confirmed his 
 faith in the efficiency of the method. I quote 
 from his reply: 
 
 "In reply I have to say that ample experiment both 
 before and since * The Law of Psychic Phenomena ' was 
 written demonstrates the correctness of the general 
 principles involved. I find, however, that success de- 
 pends largely upon the healer's ability to come into 
 telepathic rapport with the patient. This is not always 
 possible between two strangers. Nor is it yet known 
 by anybody just what is necessary to secure that con- 
 dition. Sometimes it is perfectly easy to do so : at 
 other times very difficult; and the reasons for success 
 or failure are not yet definitely known. That is the 
 only thing that militates against the system, and that 
 must be overcome in the future by experiment and close 
 observation. I have still undoubted faith in the system 
 where proper conditions can be commanded.' " 
 
 On the part of the sender there appears to be 
 
CONCLUSION. 235 
 
 a consensus of opinion that quiet mental concen- 
 tration, with an earnest desire to heal, are the 
 elements of success. They are substantially those 
 conditions prescribed for effective auto-suggestion, ) 
 ( For the reason that the percipient is more 
 likely to be in a receptive state at the quiet hour 
 of night, that time is to be preferred. ) 
 
 (The more vivid and intense the thought, the 
 more potent.) • 
 
 (The effect is heightened by an oral repetition, 
 again and again, of the suggestion sought to be 
 impressed. 
 
 On the part of the receiver, a state of silent 
 expectancy is all that is required. A will to take 
 and to utilize puts one into the receptive attitude. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 Says Dr. Mclvor Tyndall: 
 
 " As we learn more of electricity we discover the start- 
 ling fact that in its variations and grades it is the basic 
 principle of nearly everything. The character of the 
 electricity or thought-force a person sends out is depend- 
 ent upon both the physical and mental construction. 
 "The reason we have not learned more of what thought 
 is is due to the fact that psychologists have hitherto 
 assumed that the physical senses were the foundation of 
 thought. This, I hold, is wrong. Thought exists as 
 radio-energy and each person reflects only the quality 
 and quantity of thought he is capable of expressing. 
 The senses are our transmitters. 
 
 "In other words, if your ears fail to catch the pianis- 
 simo tones in a musical composition the music is never- 
 theless there. Your transmitter is lacking in acuteness. 
 If your eyes fail to perceive the ultra-violet shades in 
 chromatics, it does not follow that the delicate tints are 
 lacking. It simply proves that you are not so consti- 
 tuted as to perceive these shades. So, like the trained 
 musician, whose sense of harmony is so keen that he 
 
236 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHO-THERAPY. 
 
 can detect the slightest discord or the faintest melody, 
 the person who tries can feel the thought-vibrations of 
 those about him, classifying with unerring accuracy the 
 thought-aura of every one he meets. I have frequently 
 — in years past — been obliged to leave a room where 
 some intense discussion had recently taken place because 
 the waves of discordant thought would strike my brain 
 with the force of a material blow. I have since learned 
 the art of mental self-defense and thereby saved myself 
 from the ' early grave ' to which the physicians unitedly 
 assigned me. 
 ( "Thoughts are material, tangible things — emanations 
 from the brain — which is material. They are expres- 
 sions of the soul, which is both material and spiritual. 
 Mind and soul are not spirit. This is the stumbling 
 block in the way of all students of psychology. They 
 confound spirit with mind. There is the transferrence 
 of thought from mind to mind — which is telepathy — and 
 there is the exchange of knowledge and sympathy be- 
 tween souls — which may be called inspiration. When it 
 comes to spirit, we are one and indivisible. "J 
 
 Says M. Woodbury Sawyer: 
 14 We are living in a world of eternal law and order — a 
 world of limitless power. If ignorantly, or willfully, we 
 misuse this power we experience the lack of good, or 
 perverted good, which is evil; we experience conflict 
 and sorrow and we ally ourselves with all conflicting 
 conditions. There is about us beauty, happiness, love, 
 abundance ; limitless good for us to use — and for us to 
 use today — everything to make life a growth of ever un- 
 folding joy, if we intelligently direct our energy. Every 
 new view we obtain through experience, or inspiration, 
 points to heights not yet attained, nor even conceived, 
 but which the soul knows awaits the earnest, believing 
 climber." 
 
 [THE END] 
 
Ind 
 
 ex 
 
 Absent Treatment and Telepathy 108 
 
 Telepathy Answers Question of 230 
 
 Theory of, Demonstrable 231 
 
 Question of 230 
 
 Adjustment Secret of Life 5^ 
 
 Advances, Medical 34 
 
 Affirmation in Auto-Suggestion 91 
 
 Power of 14:. 
 
 Anesthesia, Suggestion in SSI 
 
 Suggestibility During 893 
 
 Suggestion During Waking from 225 
 
 Anesthetic, Suggestion in Giving 221 
 
 Attention Determines Action 175, 20S 
 
 Attitude, Rational, Toward Psychic Therapeutics 129 
 
 Auto-Suggestion, Theory of 91 
 
 Practice of 151 
 
 Awakening from Hypnosis 1SS 
 
 Bedside Expedients 214 
 
 Beliefs, Old, May Be Questioned 56 
 
 Body, Effect of Mind on 174, 906 
 
 Mind and, Interaction Between 134, 206 
 
 Brain, Cardinal Features of 72 
 
 Cortex, Functions of 67 
 
 Is Sum of Cortical Points 73 
 
 Cells, Intelligence of 71 
 
 Nerve 70 
 
 Cerebellum 73 
 
 Charlatanry, Success of 124 
 
 Claims, Irrational, of Some 133 
 
 Communication Between Nerve Cells 70 
 
 Nervous 70 
 
 Concentration, Power of Mental 206 
 
 Concessions, Certain 130 
 
 Conclusion .... 235 
 
 Conduct May Give Suggestion 14(5 
 
 Must Sustain Affirmation 145 
 
 (239) 
 
240 INDEX. 
 
 Confidence, Drugs Do Not Command 22 
 
 Conscious Mind a Balance Wheel 90 
 
 Consciousness, Suggestion Need Not Reach 219, 221 , 233 
 
 Conservatism 1 25 
 
 Control, Scope of Hypnotic 185 
 
 Corpora Quadrigemina 73. 
 
 Corpus Callosum 70 
 
 Striatum 70 
 
 Crura of Brain 70 
 
 Cure Is by Inherent Power 184 
 
 Media of 176 
 
 Cytod 67 
 
 Darkness Favorable to Suggestion 207 
 
 Deception, Justifiable, in Some Cases 132 
 
 Defeat, Don't Prepare for 228 
 
 Demeanor of Physician 198 
 
 Desire Assures Possession 196 
 
 Diagnosis, but Not Cure. 38 
 
 Positive 199 
 
 Discipline, Self 170 
 
 Disease, Chronic, More Prevalent 35 
 
 Diagnosis of but Not Cure 38 
 
 Functional and Organic, Question Concerning Cure of. . 130 
 
 Modified by Medical Treatment 23 
 
 Origin of, in Mind 27 
 
 Prevention of 34 
 
 Psychic Cure of, Conditions of 80 
 
 Psychic Cure of, by Homeopathy 51 
 
 Psychic Causes of 27, 36, 53, 61, 130, 206 
 
 Psychic Effect Cures 42 
 
 Rational Methods of Cure of 129 
 
 Doctors, Over-Busy 49 
 
 Under-Paid 50 
 
 Doubt a Bar to Cure 113 
 
 Drug Action Mysterious 128 
 
 Drugs Do Possess Curative Value 23 
 
 Like Other Means, Only Arouse Inherent Powers 156 
 
 More Power in Those Dispensed by Prescriber 202 
 
 Ought to Be Used 177 
 
 Theory of Action of 24 
 
 Education, Conscious and Unconscious 193 
 
 Salient Features of 190 
 
INDEX. 241 
 
 Education Through Suggestion 190 
 
 Ego " Holds Consciousness Together " S2 
 
 Egotism Despicable 171 
 
 Electricity Basic Principle of Nearly Everything 235 
 
 Suggestion with 211 
 
 Emotion, Regulation, Not Suppression of 191 
 
 Emotions, Effect of 192 
 
 Enthusiasm in Drug Treatment Sign of Inexperience 22 
 
 Error Should Be Throttled 30 
 
 Erskine's Experience 59 
 
 Essentials in Patient 175 
 
 in Suggester 166 
 
 Evolution, Medical 57 
 
 Examination, Medical 198 
 
 Expect the Best 206 
 
 Eyes, Closed, Favorable to Suggestion 210 
 
 Faith a Panacea 113 
 
 Essential to Cure 113 
 
 In What ? 115 
 
 Is Best That Has Rational Basis 115 
 
 Valueof 167 
 
 Fear, Perniciousness of 191 
 
 Fissure of Rolando 74 
 
 Fractional Teaching and Practice 128 
 
 Ganglia of Sympathetic System 75 
 
 Graphophone for Suggestion 209 
 
 Gynecology Means Gynecological Surgery 41 
 
 Hahnemann, Service of 51 
 
 Was Denounced 127 
 
 Health Determined by Mental Action 172, 206 
 
 Homeopathy, Psychic Effect of Treatment by 52 
 
 Remedies Do Cure 52 
 
 Service of 51 
 
 Why Not Now So Effective 52 
 
 Hypnotic Changes Physiological 62 
 
 Control, Scope of 185 
 
 Experiment Proving Telepathy 105 
 
 Post, Suggestion 193 
 
 Suggestion 186 
 
 Hypnosis 177 
 
 Awakening from 188 
 
 Methods of Inducing 178 
 
242 INDEX. 
 
 Hypnosis Not Essential to Effective Suggestion 87 
 
 Phenomena of 181 
 
 Position for 183 
 
 Hypnotism: Does It Injure ? 186 
 
 and Hypnosis 84 
 
 Phenomena of 181 
 
 Phenomena of, Not Morbid 174 
 
 Was Called a Humbug 127 
 
 Hysterical Storms, Suggestion During 180 
 
 Ideas, New, Need Not Be Feared 110 
 
 Incentives to Study New Methods 58 
 
 Individuality of Organs 63 
 
 Influences, Conscious and Unconscious 106 
 
 Influence, Personal 158 
 
 Intelligence, Central, Various Designations of 68 
 
 Inverted Plane, Suggestion with 212 
 
 Life, Mental, Teleological 72 
 
 What It Is 58 
 
 Luck, What Is 32 
 
 Magnetism, Personal 168 
 
 Manipulation, Suggestion by 210 
 
 Massage, Difference in Operators 119 
 
 Matter and Mind 26 
 
 Nervous 75 
 
 Revulsion from Old Theories Concerning 52 
 
 Media of Cure 174 
 
 Medical Demands 33 
 
 Medicine, Advanced State of 21 
 
 State of, Causes of 21 
 
 Present Status of 21 
 
 Medulla Oblongata 73 
 
 Mental Causes of Disease 27, 36, 53, 61, 130, 206 
 
 Concentration, Power of 206 
 
 Influenced by Physical .99, 143, 145 
 
 Life: Most of It Subconscious 218 
 
 Mento-Therapy, Does It Cure? 135 
 
 Not Suited to All 131 
 
 Psychic Research Society Concerning 130 
 
 Practice of 137 
 
 Principles of Application of 140 
 
 Mesmerism 87 
 
 Clinical Difference Between Hypnotism and 88 
 
INDEX. 243 
 
 Methods, New 57 
 
 All Essentially the Same 136 
 
 New, Principles of 60 
 
 New, Incentives to Study 59 
 
 Too Perfunctory 49 
 
 Rational, of Cure 129 
 
 Unusual, Impressive 20? 
 
 Valuable, Sometimes Rejected 24 
 
 Mind a Magnet 162 
 
 Mind and Body, Interaction Between 134, 21^ 
 
 Building 90 
 
 Division of Work of 76 
 
 Duality of 65 
 
 Education of Subjective .76, 77 
 
 Effect of, on Body 27, 90, 168 
 
 Human, Inlet of Universal 66 
 
 Influenced by Body 142, 145 
 
 Influence of Master 92 
 
 Matter and. 26 
 
 Origin of, Disease in 27 
 
 Relations of Cerebral Structures to 66 
 
 Subjective, Amenable to Objective 77 
 
 Suggestion Need Not Reach Conscious 108 
 
 Various Designations of 63 
 
 Motif, of Nerve Cells 67 
 
 Motor Zone 74 
 
 Nervous System a Harp with a Thousand Strings 104 
 
 System, Cardinal Features of 74 
 
 Structure, Anatomy and Physiology of 67, 69 
 
 Objective Can Control Subjective 35 
 
 Organs, Individuality of 68 
 
 Originality in Work 48 
 
 Operation, Suggestion During 220 
 
 Optic Thalami 73 
 
 Pain Can Be Inhibited 141 
 
 and Pleasure, Generation of 82 
 
 Passion, Unexpressed, Dies • 145 
 
 Patient, Essentials in 175 
 
 Perceptions, Unconscious 200 
 
 Personal Magnetism 168 
 
 Physician, Demeanor of 32, 198 
 
 Himself 163 
 
244 INDEX. 
 
 Physicians, Over-Busy 49 
 
 Under-Paid 50 
 
 Plane, Each, Has Its Laws 134 
 
 Planes, Life on Three 134 
 
 Pleasure and Pain. Generation of 82 
 
 Practice Makes Perfect 165 
 
 Place for Suggestion in Medical . . 197 
 
 Prescription, The 200 
 
 Prevention of Disease 15 
 
 Psychic Era. 56 
 
 Research Society 64 
 
 Research Society, Conclusions of, Concerning Telepathy 103 
 
 Psychology, Doctors Have Feared to Use 30 
 
 We Should Study 29 
 
 Psycho-Therapy Belongs to Profession 123 
 
 Does it Cure ? 135 
 
 Fear of 125 
 
 Not Suited to All 131 
 
 Psychic Research Society Concerning 130 
 
 Practice of 137 
 
 Principles of Application of 137 
 
 Question of Adoption of 121 
 
 Strange That, Has Been So Neglected 11 2 
 
 Plants, Amenable to Suggestion 77 
 
 Intelligence of 77 
 
 Subject, Mind in 77 
 
 Pons Varolii 73 
 
 Position for Hypnosis 183 
 
 Position for Suggestive Treatment 184 
 
 Post-Hypnotic Suggestion 193 
 
 Power, Curative, in One's Self 184 
 
 Principles, Essential 174 
 
 Quackery, Success of 124 
 
 Rational Attitude Toward Psycho-Therapy 129 
 
 Receptivity, Objective, Not Necessary to Suggestion. 84 
 
 Reflex Benefits from Healing 164 
 
 Resolution, Value of 130 
 
 Rolando, Fissure of 74 
 
 Sails, Set of, Determines Course 92 
 
 Science, Physicians Not Often Well Informed In 25 
 
 True 25 
 
 Self-Control, Value of. 145, 150 
 
INDEX. 245 
 
 Self-Discipline Important 169 
 
 Self-Hypnotism 151 
 
 Self-Reliance All-Important 150, 170 
 
 Serfdom, Physical 33 
 
 Silence a Factor in Receptivity 114 
 
 Sincerity, Need of *. . . 98 
 
 Value of 171 
 
 Senility and New Ideas 109 
 
 Serum-Therapy 38 
 
 Sleep, Difference Between Hypnotic and Ordinary 179 
 
 Solar Plexus 75 
 
 Specifies, Drug 38 
 
 Sphlanchnic Nerve 74 
 
 Spine, Pressure of in Suggestion 210 
 
 Spiritism and Telepathy 107 
 
 Step, Add, to Sword's Length 48 
 
 Subconscious Influence 228 
 
 Influenced by Conduct 145 
 
 Mental Life Mostly 218 
 
 Reasons Deductively 145 
 
 Works Cure 168 
 
 Subjective Amenity to Objective 77 
 
 Can Be Controlled 35 
 
 Influenced by Conduct 145 
 
 Reasons Deductively 145 
 
 Works Cure 174 
 
 Success Commanded 205 
 
 Suggester, Essentials in 166 
 
 Reflex Benefits to 164 
 
 Suggestibility During Anesthesia 223 
 
 In Hysterical Seizures 180 
 
 In Ordinary Sleep 179 
 
 Suggestion a Factor in Surgical Advances 219 
 
 Aim of Should Be Educative 190 
 
 Auto- 151 
 
 All Are Subject to 179 
 
 At Bedside 202 
 
 By Graphophone 209 
 
 By Manipulation 210 
 
 Conditions of Effective 113 
 
 Duration of 118 
 
 During Anesthesia 221 
 
246 INDEX. 
 
 Suggestion During Hysterical Storms 180 
 
 During Operation 220 
 
 During Waking from Anesthesia 225 
 
 Energy of 117 
 
 Examples of Powerful 147 
 
 Expedients at Bedside 202 
 
 Favored by Closed Eyes 208 
 
 Favored by Darkness 207 
 
 Histionic 119 
 
 Hypnotic 117 
 
 Hypnosis Not Essential to 87 
 
 In After Management 226 
 
 In Anesthesia 221 
 
 Infinite Sources of 158 
 
 In Giving Anesthetic 221 
 
 In Ordinary Sleep 150 
 
 In Surgery 219 
 
 In Surgical Examination 220 
 
 Need Not Reach Conscious Mind 219, 221, 223 
 
 Objective Conception Not Essential to 221 
 
 Non-Routine 207 
 
 Place for, in Practice. 197 
 
 Post-Hypnotic 193 
 
 Under Anesthesia 221 
 
 Uses of, in Medical Practice 198 
 
 With Electricity 211 
 
 With Inverted Plane 212 
 
 With Prescription 200 
 
 With Vacuum Treatment 211 
 
 Surgeons, Not All Who Cut Are 41 
 
 Surgery, Suggestion a Factor in Advances in 219 
 
 Suggestion in 219 
 
 Too Little Discrimination in 46 
 
 Too Much , 45 
 
 Surgical Examinations 42, 43 
 
 Suggestion in 219 
 
 Idea 41 
 
 Results Often Determined by Psychic Causes 42, 44 
 
 Sympathetic Nervous System 75 
 
 Telepathy 103 
 
 And Absent Treatment 108 
 
 And Spiritism 107 
 
INDEX. 247 
 
 Telepathy Answers Question of Absent Treatment 230 
 
 Conditions of 232 
 
 Hypnotic Experiment Proving 105 
 
 Temperature, Instance of High 28 
 
 Therapy, Serum 38 
 
 Things Belonging to Us Come to Us 122 
 
 Thought, Advanced, Wins Way Slowly 29 
 
 Assumes Form „ 196 
 
 Conscious Side of, Is Sincerity 99 
 
 Do Nothing Without Conscious 170 
 
 Good and Bad Effect of 28 
 
 Is Material, Tangible 235 
 
 Power of 171, 206, 228 
 
 Realm, We Should Investigate 29 
 
 Runs in Grooves 141 
 
 Thought-Transferrence 103 
 
 Conditions of 232 
 
 Touch, Magnetic 98 
 
 Truth ' 'Always Has a Fringe of Peril " 127 
 
 We Need Not Fear 109 
 
 Unconscious Influence 228 
 
 Influenced by Conduct 145 
 
 Mental Life Mostly 145 
 
 Reasons Deductively 144 
 
 Rumination 124 
 
 Works Cure 174 
 
 Unity of All Things 54 
 
 Vacuum Treatment, Suggestion with 211 
 
 Vehicles of Suggestion 95 
 
 Vibrations, Different Effects of 106 
 
 Range of 106 
 
 Vision Is a Man's Measure 32 
 
 Visits, Bedside 202 
 
 Frequency of 203 
 
 Voice, Magnetic 96 
 
 Will, Action of 90 
 
 Worry, Don't 150 
 
 Zone, Motor, of Brain 74 
 

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