■J i ^3 F 234 . J3 S83 Copy 2 Souvenir, Guide Mwtxakh ffofortcaf Mdc§ — of Jamestown TKAilliameburg n* jjjorktown ffi? 3. Klatv Spencer, fiD. ®. preface p£2>4 /mm' HIS little guide book lias been designed for the purpose of giving to those ^^ visitors to "The Jamestown Exposition" who are fortunate enough to enjoy seeing Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown, an authentic souvenir of the places of interest found at these quaint historic villages, and with an idea of freshening certain important historical events associated with the Virginia Peninsula, "The Cradle of the Republic." In presenting this little summary we beg leave to call your attention to the fact that we are confining ourselves ex- clusively to Jamestown, the first Permanent English Settlement in America; Williamsburg, it's successor; and Yorktown, the birth-place of American Independence. Here I wish to acknowledge my thanks to Rev. W. A. R. Goodwin, Pres Lyon G. Tyler, and Mr. Samuel Yonge for the use of their works "Bruton Church," "The Cradle of the Republic," and "The Site of ( lid James-Towne", which were used as references in the com- pilation (if data herein contained. J. B. S. Jamestown XZbc Settlement of 3amestovpn II EE E were two companies orgarj ized in England in 1606, for the purpose of settling and improving Virginia, which was designated by James [, as thai territory lying be- tween degrees ■". I and !.">, or be- tween Cape Fear River, North Car- olina, and Nova Scotia. One was designated as "The Virginia ( !om pany of London," commonly termed "The London Company;" the other, "The Plymouth Company." King James chartered both companies, giving to the former the right to plant a colony between that part of Virginia lying between the Cape Fear River, North Carolina, and the month of the Potomac River; and to the latter the right to colonize that part of Virginia between the mouth of the Hudson River and Nova Scotia. Both companies were allowed the privilege of set- tling tic intervening territory 50 long as they re- mained fifty miles from each other. On December 19, 1606, the Sarah Constant, the God-speed, and the Discovery, three small vessels, containing one hundred and five emigrants, anchor and sailed down the Thames, hound for Vir- ginia. After almost intolerable hard-hip- they sighted land. Spring was at its height when the little fleet, under the command of 1 aptain Christopher Newport, passed through the Capes and entered Hampton Roads. To these Capes they gave the names of Henry and Charles in honor of the two sons of James I. The Colonists first landed on Virginia shores on April 26th. They continued their voyage up the broad river that empties into Hampton Roads, for thirty-two miles, and with joyous hearts landed on May L3, 1607, naming the river and their first settlement James and Jamestown, respectively, in 3amcstown honor of their Sovereign, James I. Kiiii; of England. The colonists began at once to build log cabins and a fort; and a little later to till the soil and plant wheat, potatoes, fruit trees, etc.; and elected Wing- field, President of the Council. The Rev. Robert Hunt had daily services from the Prayer Book of the ( Ihurch of England, and on Sun- day he preached two sermons to his charge from a crude board nailed between two trees and sheltered with canvas. In September, L610, Wingfiel'3 was succeeded by John Ratcliffe, as President of the ( louneil. The colonic- al first were elated with hope. The balmy air, flowers of many colors and massive forests encouraged their home-sick hearts: but soon sickness, discord, frequent attacks by the Indians, and lack of supplies reduced the little band of one hundred and four to forty. In the early winter of 1608 a supply of provisions was received from England, bnl a few day- later fire swept almost the entire settlement. During the fall following the fire, Captain Smith was elected President of the Council, the colony now numbering abont four hundred; but again James- town was the victim of another pestilence, and the number of colonists was reduced to sixty. In 1609 Captain George Percy succeeded Smith as President for a term of eight month.-. In the spring of 1610, Governor Gates arrived with supplies, bu1 finding the deplorable state of a Hairs and the disheartened condition of the remain- ing settlers, in consultation with the council, he de- cided to abandon Jamestown. On the night of June Tib. they jmbarked down the river, but on the follow- ing day to their great disappointment they received orders from Lord Delaware, who had arrived at Old Point Comfort with his fleet, to return to Jamestown. On June 10, 1610, Lord Delaware, who bad re- ceived his commission as Lord Governor of the col- ony, landed ;it .lame-town, and immediately began work to rebuild the fort and repair the deserted houses- The Old Tower at Jamestown, showing foundation in foreground 3amesto\vn Sir Thomas Dale arrived in May, L611, with his commission as Deputy Governor, and in consultation with hi- Council decided to repair the church and store-house, and build several new houses. In August of the same year Sir Thomas Gates arrived with many immigrants and succeeded Dale as chief of the colony. Mil' 1 , with a majority of the settlers, was sent to build a town at the falls, this settlement to lie called "Henrico" in honor of Prince Henry. In May. 1616, Captain George Yeardley became Deputy Governor for Lord Delaware, and began at ence to plant tobacco, which caused him to lie re- moved after serving only one year. He was suc- ceeded by Captain Samuel Argall, and he in turn was succeeded by Nathaniel Powell, who served two years, and was removed to he succeeded by Yeardley. who was again put in charge of the colony, with full title of "Governor of Virginia." He found Jamestown, as well as all other settle- ments, in a -fate of decay, hut, again the settlers with new energy began to improve their surroundings. The year, L619, marked a new era in Virginia- Martial law, which had hitherto reigned, was abol- ished; each old settler was given one hundred acres of land: the settlers were allowed to elect their first legislal ive body ; the plans of a new school ami college were discussed : and the first cargo of negro slaves to arrive in Virginia were landed. Immigration to Virginia became much greater than ever hefore. In 1024 Yeardley was succeeded by Sir Francis Wyatt, and once more all seemed well for the settlers, hut again malaria and Indian massacres reduced the number of colonists from several thousand to nine hundred. In 1624 the King of England withdrew the char- ter from the London Company and himself took charge of Virginia with Sir Francis Wyatt as Gov- ernor. I he Jamestown < lomc Jamestown te The Jamestown Baptismal Kc In 1626 Sir George Yeardley again became Gov- ernor of Virginia. He died in 1627, and was succeeded by Captain Francis West, as acting Governor, elected by the Council. Dr. John Pott, likewise elected by the Council, succeeded West in 1629. The period between 1024 and L630 marked an era of prosperity in Virginia, but in .May. 1630, Sir John Harvey arrived as Governor, and again tyrannical rule began. His cruelty to the settlers, combined with his be- trayal of territorial interests to Lord Baltimore, caused him to be arrested for treason by the Council and returned to England, Captain John Wesl being elected in his slead. Harvey was reinstated as Governor in 1637 by Charles 1, but was re ved in 1639. Sir Francis Wyatt was then sent as Governor, and acted until 164i\ when he was succeeded by Sir Wil- liam Berkeley. 3amesto\vn lu Kill! the second Indian massacre occurred, the Indians killing aboul three hundred whites. For several years the Indians remained hostile, during which time they were repeatedly defeated and dis- persed. Their chief, Opechancanoiigh, was captured and died while in prison at Jamestown in 1646. In the same year as the Indian massacre, Berkeley sailed for England, being succeeded by Richard Kempe. In 1645 he (Berkeley) returned and again assumed the governorship. In L652 the Governor and settlers surrendered Virginia to Parliament under the conditions that they were not to be taxed nor subjected to any laws not meeting with the approval of the General As- sembly. In April, 1652, Richard Bennett was elected Gov- ernor, and three years later Edward Diggs succeeded him. Tn 1658 Samuel Matthews was elected Governor. In March, L660, Charles I, having been de- throned eleven years before, and there being no recog- nized power in England, the General Assembly re- called Sir William Berkeley. In 1660 King Charles II was proclaimed with great ceremonies at Jamestown, and he subsequently designated Virginia as his "Fifth Kingdom."' Another effort was made to rebuild Jamestown in L665, and owing to the frequent tire-, brick houses were recommended by the General Assembly. In 16Y6 civil strife began, and in the same year + Jamestown was burned by Nathaniel Bacon, who had been rebellious to the oppressive laws of Berke- ley. Bacon died in October of the same year. Berkeley left Virginia in 1677 and was succeeded by Colonel Herberl Jeffryes, who died in 1678, and was succeeded by Sir Henry Chickley. II,. was succeeded by Nicholas Spencer, Pn of the Council, who acted as Governor for or I,, [684, Francis, Lord Howard of Effingham, was 3amc8to\vn ejected Governor, who after serving four years, was succeeded by Nathaniel It: n, Sr. Sir Francis Nicholson was elected Lieutenant- Governor in 1690, served two years and was suc- ceeded by Edmond Andros. in 1698, Sir Francis Nicholson was again elected Lieutenant-Governor, and served until 1705. The State House at Jamestown was destroyed by fire in 1698, which marked the end of Jamestown as the scat of governmenl of Virginia ; the capital being removed to Middle Plantation (afterwards Williams- burg) in 1699. Cbc Church at "jfamcstowti To reiterate, as soon as the settlers landed, on May L3, L607, they began immediately to build a crude church, which was described by John Smith as fol- lows: "When 1 went first to Virginia, I well remem- ber we did hang an awning to three or four trees to shadow us Prom the sun; our walls were rails of wood, our seats unhewed trees till we cut planks, our pulpit a bar of wood nailed to two neighboring trees." A little later this temporary structure was improved upon, and this, Smith describes as follows: "We built a homely thing like a barn se1 upon crochetts, covered with rafts, sedge and earth, so was also the walls." This structure was burned in January, 1608. The church was restored by Captain Newport in the same year and repaired from time to time until Lord Delaware's arrival in 1610, by whom it was renovated and beautified. In this church the mar- riage ceremony was performed for the first time in Virginia, by the Rev. Robert Hunt, when Anne Bur ras became the bride of John Laydon. In 1614 Pocahontas, the daughter of the Indian chieftain, Powhatan, married John Rolfe, who afterwards be- came a member of the Council, '^li- marriage formed an alliance between the settlers and the In- dians which lasted until the death of Pocahontas, in Kimland. in lfilT 10 Jamestown During 1 1 ii-' period between Gates's arrival in L610, and Argall's arrival in 1617, the church had become very much dilapidated and the storehouse was used in its siead. A new church was built by * laptain Angall si line time during Ids administration, 1(1 17-1 (il'.i, and this structure was used for a number of years. In 1639 the work was begun on a brick church, which was located where the old tower stands to-day. It was not completed for several years, and was burned by Nathaniel Bacon, in L676. The church was soon restored, supposedly on its original walls, and was in continuous use for many years after- wards. The tower of this church is now standing, "Lone relic of the past; old mouldering pile, Where twines the ivy round its ruins gray." H "Cour to "Jamestown The tourist visiting Jamestown will at first find it very difficult to realize that these old ruins repre- 11 sent the birthplace of English speaking people in America, yet there is that indescribable something present, that impresses him and stimulates research. The principal places of historic interest, other than Jamestown Island and the noble James River, are the tower and foundations of the old church, the churchyard, numerous relics picked up on the island from time to time, the sites of the old State house, the three houses of Philip Ludwell, ami the Country house. The old tower lent opp. page I i i ailed "Eng- lish bond," and is eighteen feel square and originally ,1m. ,it forty feet high. The walls vary from three feet to eighteen inches in thickness, and contain numerous joist and loop holes. • The foundations of the last two churches east from the tower for fifty-six feet ; are wide, and very thick and substantial. In 1901, "'1 be Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiqui- ties," in its never-tiring search for historical relief, was fortunate enough to procure the services Jamestown of Mr. John Tyler, Jr., to excavate around and be- tween the foundations. Mr. Tyler found smaller foundations about twenty feet wide and of relatively small thickness. In his, "Site of Old James-Towne," Mr. Yonge writes: "The slenderness of these foundations indicates that their superstructure was of timber." These foundations probably belonged to the third church, built during Argall's administration. This work also disclosed a tiled chancel, five and a half by twenty-two feet, and the bones of a number of un- t- known dead. The Jamestown Baptismal Font (cut on page 8) is now at Bruton Church, Williamsburg, Virginia, having been removed there in 1699. The Jamestown Communion Service (cut opp. page 6) is also at Bruton Church, having been re- moved there about the same time as the Font, This is a very handsome service and bears the fol- lowing inscription: "Mixe not holy thinges with pro- 12 fane." Ex dono Francise Morrison, Arrnigeri, Anno l><> mi, 1661. The churchyard probabbj dales back to 1617, al- though the oldest tomb ever found bore the date of L6S2. Then are a number of stones that evidently weie placed prior to this, but the inscriptions are illegible, and therefore of uncertain date. Relic hunters and sailors, prior to the time that "The As sociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiqui- ties" became owners of the church, removed a greal many gravestones, much to the distress of every one. Among the grave-stones, interesting to the sighl seer, may be mentioned those that mark the graves of The Honorable Philip Ludwell and bis wife, Han- nah Ludwell ; Jacobus Blair and his wife, Lady Sarah Blair; Benjamin Harrison, Edwards, and Jaequlin. Sir George Yeardley is also supposed to be buried here, and his grave-stone is supposed to be in the aisle of the church, but this is not warranted by proof. Just here it is interesting to note that the 3amcsto\vn spot where the English are supposed to have landed hrst is just about one hundred yards west of the tower. Numerous interesting relies have been found at Jamestown during recenl years by Mr. Leal, of ■•The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities." Among those to be seen new are coffin-plates and nails, parts of armor, stirrups, hits and spurs; scis- sors, canon shells, bullets, halburts, Indian pipes, arrow heads, spears, and pottery. In 1903, Mr. Yonge discovered the foundations of the old State Eouse, Philip Ludwell's three houses and Summer House. "The Association for the Pre- servation of Virginia Antiquities" had them un- earthed, built up, and protected hy cement. These houses were probably built about 1664 or 1665 land used at that time by the General Assem- bly). Collectively these foundations are two hun- dred and forty t'eei long, the walls verj heavy, and range from twenty-four to forty-six feet in width. Much credit is due "The Association for the Pre- servation of Virginia Antiquities" and its agents, Air. Leal, .Mr. John Tyler, dr.. and .Mr. Samuel II. Vonge. for their untiring effort in preserving this. the oldest Landmark of the English in America, and discovering what would have probably otherwi caped attention. The United States Government has just compb I d a sea wall around the western end of the island to protect it from the encroaching tides, whose ceas :less inflow has washed away no little pari of this historic landmark. A very handsome monument is under construction now, given by the United States Government; and the Colonial Dames of America are building a chapel over the old foundations. 13 Milliamsburo Location ILLIAMSBURG is located .»„ the backbone of tbe Virginia Penin- sula, lying between the York and .Tames Rivers, and is 100 feel above the leve] of the sea. Tt is on the main line of the < ihesapeake and ( )hio Railroad, which makes it very accessible to tourists from North, Sonth, East, and West. Williamsburg is 7 miles from the historic James- town, 12 miles from Ybrktown, and :!."> miles from < )hl Point. It is 27 miles from Newport News, 39 from Norfolk and the Exposition Grounds; L60 miles from Washington, 17l' miles from Baltimore, and 325 miles fn m New Y< rk. historical In L632 the settlers becoming somewhat dissatis- fied with the unhealthfulness of Jamestown, began tn migrate to parts where malaria and the mosquito were less prevalent. A portion went up the river and settled along its shores, and pari came inland and settled "Middle Plantation" (subsequently called Williamsburg). Here a parish Was established, and it is supposed a temporary church was built, presumably where Bra ton < 'hiuvh now stands. However, ii i- an established fact, that there was a ehnreh in Middle Plantation in L665. Little is known of Williamsburg during the years between 1632 and 1(174, the court records having been destroyed during the late war. The Parish Register of Bruton Church goes back as far a- 1674, and contains many interest inn- entries. Williams- burg contains more places of historic interest than does any village in America. 14- Duke of Gloucester Street looking west. Colonial Capitol and Clerk's Office in foreground Milliamgburo H Crip to dtlliamsburg Duke of Gloucester Street, (cuts opp. pages 14 and 39 i the main thoroughfare of the town, run- easl and west, as also do Francis and Nicholson Streets. These thoroughfares are intersected, by numerous cross streets, which running from east to west, boar the names respectively of Botetourt, Queen, England King, Nassau, Henry, and Boundary. Most of the places of historic interest are located on, or can be seen from Duke of Gloucester Street. To facilitate matters, tourists should go to the Court Green of Colonial Inn, which is situated in the center of the town, and there begin their journey. At the inn the visitor may see an unusual collec- tion of antique furniture, china, silver and brass. Continuing up (West) Duke of Gloucester Street, the Court Green is on the right. Here athletic con- tests have been engaged in for over a hundred years. Located on this Green is the Old Court House (cut opp. page 26), said by some to have been planned by Sir Christopher Wren, and built in 1709. This old building, which is in a perfect state of preservation, has been the scene of many interesting legal bailies and public assemblages. One square up, to the right you will see the "Palace Green," at the north end of which is the Matthew Whaley School (cut page 3:j), which was built on the site of the Colonial Palace. Leaving Duke of Gloucester Street, turning to the right down Dunmore Street, for a square to Nichol- son Street, one may find the site of "the First Theatre in America"; built, 1716. In this theatre Miss Johnston's character "Audrey" is supposed to have played "Tamerlane." Across Palace Green, from the site of the first theatre, on Tyler Street you will see the Home nf George Wythe (cut page 35 ), the great jurist. This was also the headquarters of Genera] Washington in 1781. The tourists will i ie next lo Bruton Church (cuts opp. pages 16-18.) This ancient house of worship succeeded tiie church at Jamestown, and is most probably the oldest church standing in America. It was organized 16 A Colonial Scene, from a painting of Bruton Church, now in Metropolitan Museum of Ar Tidlilliamsburo in L632, ami a church was built some time between 1032 ami L665, the exact date being unknown. The present brick church was built in 1715, dur- ing the ministry of Rev. James Blair, and adminis- tration of Governor Alexander Spottswood, who drew the plan-. The Genera] Assembly appropriated two hundred pounds, and each inhabitant was to pay a levy of thirty-one pounds of tobacco for the erection of this, the new church. Tin' wall- of tin- church an- still standing in their original state, the interior ami roof having been re- paired from time to time. In 1829 the <>ld pews were cut down, and in 1839 hi- interior of the church was changed materially. A partition was placed cutting off one end of the cross, the tiled floor removed, ami the wall- decorat id. In May, L905, work v a- begun to restore the old church In its original form as near a- pi ssible. This has been done, the work having been completed in ■Inlv, 1906. The church is built in the form of a Greek cross, with the chancel in the east, ami lower in the vest. On the walls may be seen a number of interesting memorial tablets, and in the tiled aisle numerous tombstones over a century "hi. Here may !><• seen three Communion Services, the Jamestown Service (cut opp. page 6, described en page 12), the George ill Service, presented to the church li\ George 111 of England, bearing the motto "Hnni Soit qui inn! y pense." ami the ser- ^ vice presented by Lady Gooeh which bears the date of H'iSi;. These Communion Services, in addition to being • iiit ique, arc v\i milch handsome. The bell bear- the date of 1761 .ami the parish register has for the 'lair of it- grsl entry 1674. Tin' church yard (cut page .11 ) contains) the tombstones of numbers of men prominent in the early history of Virginia. The date of the oldest tomb to be seen now is 1678. The inscriptions on some of the tombs are more than v.i l-t 1 1 one's while to nolo. 18 Bruton Church viewed from Duke of Gloucester Street Milliamslnmi Leaving Brutbn Church and continuing up the right side of Duke of Gloucester Streel for a square and a half, the visitor will sec the 'Home of John' Blair,' member of the General Assembly and judge of the Supreme Courl of the United States, ap pointed l>\ Washington. At the west end of Duke- of Gloucester Streel stands William and Muni < 'ollege i cut opp. page 20), the second oldesl institution of learning in America. In L69] there having been for a number of years an efforl made by the inhabitants of Virginia to es tablish a college, the General Assembly senl Rev. -Tames Blair to England, to solicil funds and obtain 11 charter. The plan was to educate ministers so that the Christian religion mighl be propagated among the Indians, and to educate the youth of Virginia. The plan mel with the approval of King William and Queen .Mary, and the charter was readih granted. The Rev. .lames Blair, who bad been un- tiring in his effort to establish the college, was elected lirsi president. The college was endowed, received a granl of Land, and was allowed representation in the General As- sembly. The college building was planned and Imili some time between 1 < '. '. > i_' and L700, but was destroyed by tiie in 1705. li was, however, rebuilt upon the original site and completed in 1723. The college was again the victim of flames in L859, and again in L862, but each time w a- i ebui ll mi its original walls. In the library a number of interesting portraits, books, am! relies may be seen. ruder the college are buried the bodies of Sir John Randolph and his two sons, Peyton and John Randolph, Lord Botetourt, Bishop Madison, and ( lhancellor Nelson. Among the alumni of William and Mary, promi- nent in the early history of this country, maj be mentioned Richard Bland, Dabney Carr, Peyton Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, John Tyler, Edmund Randolph, .lames Monroe, • ,,d John Marshall. I In- College ..I \\ illiam and Ma TXlillinmsbiu'3 In addition to those mentioned, prominent in the making of the Union, William and Mary for a niim- i|; i "i years i tributed her share of senators and representatives and other men prominent in the United States. In the center of the campus may be - ien the Statue of Norbo'rni Berkeley, Baron de Botetourt, and the Spotiswood i 'annon. On the north side of the campus may be situ the President's [louse (cul opp. page 28), which was accidently burned in L7S] by French troops, and rebuilt by Louis XVI, oul of his private exchequer. The Brafferton Building (cut page 29) i- situ- ated "ii the south side of the campus. It was the first Imlian School in America, being; endowed by the estate of Hon. Robert Boyle, after his death, in 1691. Leaving William and Mary College, and continu- ing down i Easi ) Duke of Gloucester to Henry sin t. and thence down Henry I" Francis Street, the visitor will see the Eastern State Hospital, built in 1 758, the oldest hospital for the insane in Amer- ica. On the hospital grounds may be seen the "Six- Chimney Lot," where Washington made love to Martha ( 'ustis. Returning to Duke of Gloucester Street, from the hospital along Nassau Street, continuing down this thoroughfare a square, the visitor will see opposite Bruton Church the "Headquarters of lln Colonists" where quaint relics and brassware are on ex- hibition. A little over a square from "The ( lolonists," on the same side of the street, will he seen The Debtors' Prison (cul page 32), built about L800, and used while the Poor Debtor Law- was in vogue in Virginia. The whipping posl was about fifty yards down the hill from th i prison, in a southeaster ly direction. A square down from the prison, opposite " The Inn." may lie seen the Old Powder Horn, built under Alexander Spotswood's administrate n as Gov- 22 From H>r,,,r-- M.,.,/ i„ - Cuj.j i Colonial Capitol fKIltlliamsbiii'd ernor, in 1714. This old building is octagonal in shape, with a total perimeter of 108 feet, and is aboul 50 feet in height. The Magazine, as it was called, was used for an armory, blacksmith shop, and storeroom for powder. Lord Dunmore, in 1775, had certain powder, which ha I been stored away in the Powder Horn to be used in case of insurrection, etc., moved in the dead of the riighl on board the schooner Magdalen, at that time lying in York River. This caused greal excitement among the inhabitants of Williamsburg, and a number of citizens wer ■o , an- ized into a c pany lead by Patrick Henry. This difficulty between Dunmore and Henry was in .- wav adjusted, bu1 I hmmore sought refuge on board a man- of-war lying al Yorktown and never came back to Virginia. Rev. W. A. R. Goodwin in a recent article lias de- scribed the result of this event as follows: "Thus the "I I Powder Horn was the center of the agitation, which severed the lir-t link in the chain, which through unwise and oppressive taxation, had come i" he a tyrant's bond place, I upon a free ami loyal people." Since the Revolution, this historical old building has been utilized for various purposes, namely, mar- ket house, school, Baptist church, dance hall, Con- federate arsenal ami stable, It has at last fallen into the hands of thai noble lot of workers, "The Associate n I'm' the Preservation of Virginia Antiqui- ties," who have repaired it and converted it into a museum. They at present have numerous relics interesting to tourists, which can lie seen at any time. Leaving the Powder Horn and going down Duke of Gloucester Streel the visitor will note the quaint architectural lines of some of the houses. Reaching tin easl end of this streel where it bifurcates, yen will see the foundations of the old capitol (cut opp. page 22 I, and the clerk's office to the House of Her gesses. hi L699 the capitol was removed frorri Jamestown to Williamsburg ami a very pretentious brick build- 24 The Old Powder Horn Milliamslnua ing was buill in the ifonn of mi Jl. This edifice was called ill- ( 'apitol, the wor I used for the rir-i time in America. The building was burned in 1 7 t6, re- buill mi its oi igina] walls and burned again in L832. The capitol of this State was removed from Wil- liamsburg to Richmond in 1779. This old building unquestionably figured more extensively than any other in the creation of this, the United States of America. Turning to the righl from the ( 'apitol, the visitor "■' to the borne of Peyton Randolph, first Presi- ded .1 the Continental Congress, on Francis Street and a little further down the same streel Bassetl Hall w ill he seen. This was the home of Eon. Burwell Bassett, and later of John Tyler, Presidenl -I' the United States, in L841. N"oWj if the visitor will retrace his steps i i Duke of Gloucester Street and go up the righl side of tin streel for a square he will see the store of 1.. \V. I.anc This house is buill on the site of the old Raleigh Tavern. Continuing up Duke of Gloucester Streel and turning to the right, the tourist will see on Nicholson Street, immediately behind "The Inn." the home of William Wirt, Chancellor of Virginia. The visitor may now reach Tazewell Hall, the home of Edmund Randolph, by going tip Duke of Gloucester to England Street and down England Street two squares. •'The Virginia Gazette,"founded 1736, by William Parks, was the first newspaper to publish an account of the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. This paper is still in existence, and can be had at news-stands. Fort Magruder is one mile from Williamsburg, on the Yorktown road. Here may be seen some of the fortifications built during the Civil War. IT) I he OKI Court Hon-. Millianisburo Seven miles from Williamsburg is historic "Car ter's Grove," generally considered the mosl perfed type of colonial architecture in Virginia. In additii n to the places of historic interest in this old town the visitor will notice the old brass door- knockers adorning the entrances to a numbei of houses, and numberless pieces of old mahogany, and antique silver and china. President's House. William and \\.u\ > The Brafferton Buildii linn. m Church Yard Dclitor 's Prison Matthew Whaley School, built on site of Colonial Pala Homed Peyton Randolph ROBfe"* " il. V ^BjBMg? W^ ^ •-'• %r tj - -i. -<>. «U jfcj ■-I -HI iLfi im Home of George Wythe Home of John BUi Bassett Hall **7 JJ)orhtown ORKTOWN is beautifully situated \\\ on the York River, just a few miles d^ ' from its mouth. It is twelve miles from Williamsburg, and not fortu- nate enough to have any modern innovations, such as railroads, etc. The most direct, as well as pleasant, route to this historic town is by carriage from Williamburg, al- though it may be reached by steam boat from Baltimore. Yorktown was founded and laid out aboul L705 by Mr. Thomas Nelson. Tun war- have reduced Yorktown to such dilapidation thai only its history, the very handsome monument, and its beautiful < i< v> of York River remain. The most important places of historic interesl to be seen arc the firsl Cusl Blouse, the 'fortifications, and the Moore and Nelson Houses. The old Custom House (cut opp. page 40) is still standing and in a remarkably good state of preservation. Yorktown prior to the Revolution was the largesl port in Virginia, hence it received the first custom house. The Nelson House (cut page 42), the mosl pretentious dwelling in the town, was built by Mr. Thomas Nelson, who was al thai time Governor of V irginia. Tradition has it that when the British army in- vaded Yorktown, General Nelson, fearing that his home would shelter British officers, offered a reward of five guineas to every gunner who would strike it. There i- a i :ave on the shore supposed to be the one thai CornWallis retired to, bul there is nothing authentic to be found aboul it. The monument i cul page 13 I n as < n L882, and is of greal beauty. The field where the surrender of Cornwallis :nrred is aboul a half mile east of Yorktown. 39 JDorhtown I'll-- capitulation papers of surrender were drawn up in the "Moore House," (cut page II) about a mile from Zbrktowni During the Civil War Mc- Clellan's army completed the wreck of this, an al ready ruined town. 40 Ik- Old Custom He rhe Nelson Hon* H ■&■».■-*■■•*♦>»£ u The Moore Hous ftbe Colonial Inn TjAS been enlarged and will be the headquarters for tourists during the Exposition. Repro- * 1 ductions of Colonial Door Knockers and other brass goods, also Souvenir Books of Jamestown, Williamsburg and Yorktown, will be found at the office of the Inn. A macadamized road will be built from the C. & (). depot at Williamsburg to Jamestown Island. A good stage of automobile line will run between these two points, thus en- abling tourists to visit two of the most historic places on the American* continent at a small cost and in a short space of time. The Inn is located in the central part of the city, and overlooks the historic Court Green. Elevation 97feet above tidewater Aver- age temperature as follows: Spring 57°, Summer 77°, Autumn 60°, Winter 41°. Good telegraph, tele- phone, and express service. Six mails daily. The parlors and library are filled with antiques. The dining room is large and airy. Good plain Virginia cooking. Livery connected with Hotel. Bus meets all trains. Open all year. Rates $2.50 and up. For any information desired, apply to 3. 38.