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N" ^' .A \' .\....v., ". -^ .■^- .*<. ^'<' ^^. . ^ .^ J*^''^^ ", - A-^ ^ .' ,% -1 I>EPAliTME>"T OF THE INTEIllOll BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1^ No. 19 7 SERIES F, GEOGRAPHY, 32 THE ORIGIN OF CERTAIN PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES.— Gannett WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1902 DETARTMENT OF THE INT Eli I OK BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUKVET T No. 197 8EKIE»^ 1\ €iEO<;KAPIl\, 32 WASHINGTON () () V E K N M K N T PRINTING O J' F 1 C E 1902 UNITP:D states (JEOLCXilCAL SURVEY CHARLKS 1). WALCOT'I', DIRECTOR 4^ THE OEIGIN OF CERTAIN PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES BY HENRY C^AISnSTETT WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1902 MAR J?. J§8§ / t(^ CONTENTS Letter of transmittal 7 Introduction 9 Acknowledgments 9 Authorities 12 The names and their origin 17 5 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Department of the Interior, ITnitet> States Geological Survey, WasJungton, D. C., May 23, 1902 . Sir: I transmit herewith, for pul)lication as a bulletin, a compila- tion giving- the origin of some ten thousand place names in the United States. These have been compiled from various sources, printed and manuscript, as set forth in the introduction. The pu})lieation is recom- mended, not only for purposes of information, but to induce criticism and additions, with a view to olitaining in the future all possible information on this subject. I think this work will be of great inter- est as embodying much local and general liistory. Very respectfully, yours, Henry Gannett, Qeograpliev. Hon. Charles D. Walcott, Director United States Geological Sw'vey. 7 THE ORIGIN OF CERTAIN PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. B}" Henry Gannett. IIVTRODTTCTION. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. During- the compilation of this work, a hirg-e correspondence was carried on witli State and h)cal historical societies. State, county, and township officers, and individuals in all parts of the country for the purposes of obtaining information concerning the subject in hand. The greatest interest was shown and much work done I)}' correspond- ents, who have thus contributed very largely to the work. Much val- uabk> material was collected in this way which otherwise would have 1)een unavailal^le. Among my correspondents, special thanks are due to the following- persons and organizations: Thomas M. Owen, De]iartment of iVrchives and History, Montgom- ery, Alabama, for valual)le I'eferences. C. M. Drake, of Eureka, California, for information concerning" names in Monterey and Humlioldt counties. The Bureau of American Ethnology, to which I am especially indebted, not only for much information concerning Indian names, but for g-uidance, advice, and suggestions in ol)taining sources of informa- tion. Indeed, most of the information concerning the meaning of Indian names is derived, either directl}' or indirectly, from this source. William N. Byers. of Denvei , Colorado, for additions and correc- tions to count}' names. Otis Ashmore, Georgia Historical Society. Savannah, Georg-ia, for revising list of counties. C. J. Bassett, Secretary of State, Boise, Idaho, for revising and adding to list of counties. J. P. Dunn, Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis. Indiana, for additions and corrections to list of counties. George W. Martin, Kansas State Historical Society, for much val- uable material concerning the place names of his State. In addition 9 10 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. to the list of counties he also sent a great deal of material concerning town names, in which was included information furnished by Mrs. N. R. Calver, of Hagerstown, Mar3dand. Charles Evans, Chicago Historical Society, who sent a compre- hensive list end)racing most of the important names in his State. M. W. Davis, State Historical Society, Iowa City, Iowa, for much valualde information about his State. All of the information concern- ing tow.n names in this State was received from him. Mrs. Jennie i). Morton, Kentuck}' Historical Society, Frankfort, Kentucky, for additions to and revisions of names of counties. William Beer, Howard Memorial Lilu-ary, New Orleans, Louisiana, for helpful references and suggestions. Grace King, Louisiana Historical Society, New Orleans, Louisiana, for additions and corrections to parish names. Francis E. Sparks, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, Mary- land, for valuable information regarding names of counties. Samuel A. Green, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massa- chusetts, for references which proved of great assistance in compiling information concerning the State. C. M. Burton, Michigan Historical Society, Detroit, Michigan, for assistance in collecting information. Mr. Burton went to much trouble to get information concerning the names of towns in his State, which resulted in adding much matei'ial to that branch of the work. Franklin L. Riley, Mississippi Historical Society, University, Mis- sissippi, for information concerning town names in his State. Marjor}' Dawson, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Missouri, for nearly all of the information here presented concerning her State. Mrs. Laura E. Howey, Montana Historical Library, Helena, Mon- tana, for data concerning county and town names in the State . Eugene Howell, l)y A. W. Morris, Deputy, Department of State, Carson City, Nevada, for correcting list of names of counties. William Nelson, New Jersey Historical Society, Paterson, New eler- se}^, for references, for revision of names of counties and a valuable list of town names. E. Tuttle, Long Island Historical Society, Brooklyn, New York, for list of town names. Julius Schoonmaker, Kingston, New York, great assistance cdnccrn- ing town names. F. J. H. Merrill, Historical and Art Society, Albany, New York, for names of towns in the State. Robert H. Kelly, New York Historical Society, for additions and corrections to list of counties. J. AV. Raynolds, Secretary of New Mexico, for corrections and addi- tions to list of counties. GANNETT] ACKIiTOWLEDGMENTS. . 11 N. F. Carter, New Hampshire Historical Societ3% for valuable references, Kemp P. Battle, Department of History', Chapel Hill, North Caro- lina, for complete list of town names. E. F. Porter, Secretary of State, Bismarck, North Dakota, for man 3^ additions to list of counties. Nearly all the information concerning county names in this State was furnished b}" him. John W. Jordan, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for much valuable aid. Names of counties, town, and natural features were sent by him. Clarence S. Brigham, Rhode Island Historical Society, for numerous refej-ences concerning- names in his State. A. S. Salley, South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, South Carolina, for much material of value in connection with the State names. Complete lists of county and town names were sent by him, and information not otherwise availal>le was added to that concerning his State. Doane Robinson, Department of History, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, for names of counties and man}" town names. Charles P. Garrison, Texas Historical Societ3% Austin, Texas, for list of town names. Joseph A. De Boer, Vermont Historical Society, Montpelier, Ver- mont, for list of county and town names. John M. Comstock, Chelsea, Vermont, list of town names in Orange County. Virginia Historical Society, corrected list of names of counties. Edward N. Fuller, Washington Historical Society, Tacoma, Wasn- ington, for references and other assistance. J. P. Hale, Historical and Anticpiarian Society, Charleston, West Virginia, for material in the shape of count}^ and town lists. R. G. Thwaites, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, for much material, valuable suggestions, and references, especially in the way of putting me into communication with other sources of information. Mrs. E. W. Parker, for county names in Texas. Through her cour- tesy and kindness were olitained the origins of nearly all the county names of that State. In addition to the above, man}^ courteous and useful letters have been received from county clerks, treasurers, and other State and count}^ officials, all of whom have shown interest and have furnished all the material in their power. A large amount of material has been drawn from manuscript books compiled by Mr. Watkins, of Beaver, Pennsylvania. 12 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. AUTHORITIES. Information was obtained from the following books, two and three authorities l)eing' quoted in cases where differing* opinions exist con- cerning origins: INDIAN NAMES. The Aboriginal Races of North America, by Samuel G. Drake; fifteenth edition, revised by Prof. H. L. Williams. Tilie American Indian, by Elijah M. Haines, 1888. Eeague of the Iroquois, by L. II. Morgan, 1857. Indian Local Names, with their Interpretations, by S. G. Boyd, 1885. Algonquin Series, by W. W. Tooker. The Story of the Indian, by George Bird Grinnell. The Siouan Tribes of the East, by James Mooney: Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 22. Indian Linguistic Families of America North of Mexico, by J. W. Powell: Seventh Annual Report Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 1-142. The Ghost-dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890, by James Mooney: Foiu'teenth Annual Report Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 641-1110. Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians, by James Mooney: Seventeenth Annual Rejiort Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 129-445. Tribes of the Extreme Northwest, by W. H. Dall: Contributions to North Ameri- can Ethnology, Vol. I. Vocabularies of Tribes of the Extreme Northwest, by W. H. Dall: Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. I, pp. 121-153. Cherokee Nation of Indians, by Charles C. Royce: Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 121-378. The Menomini Indians, by W. J. Hoffman: Fourteenth Annual Report Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 3-328. Klamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon, by All)ert Samuel Gatschet: Contribu- tions to North American Ethnology, Vol. II, 1890. The Seminole Indians of Florida, 1)y Clay MacCauley: Fifth Annual Report Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 469-531. Tribes of California, by Stephen Powers: Contriliutions to American Ethnology, Vol. III. Dakota-English Dictionary, by Stephen R. Riggs: Contriltution.s to American Eth- nology, Vol. VII. Pamunkey Indians of Virginia, by John Garland Pollard: Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 17. Tribes of Western Washington, by (Tcorge Gibbs: Contributions to North Ameri- can Ethnology, Vol. I, pp.*157-241. ^ INDIVIDUAL STATES. ALABAMA. History of Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi, by Albert James Pickett. ARKANSAS. A Journal of Travels into the Arkansas Territory, by Thomas Nuttall, 1821. Some Old French Place Names in the State of Arkansas, by John C. Brauner. f^(X//^^f^Juru GANNETT.] AUTHOEITIES. 13 CALIFORNIA. History of the State of California, by John Frost. History of the State of California, l)y Miguel Venegas. Report of Exploring Expedition to Oregon and California, 1843-44, ))y John Charles Fremont: Senate Doc., Twenty-eighth Congress, second session. History of Oregon and California, by Robert Greenhow, 1845. CONNECTKTT. Gazetteer of Connecticut and Rhode Island, ])y J. C. Pease and J. M. Niles, 1819. Indian Names of Places in Connecticut, by J. H. Truml)ull. Connecticut Historical Collections, by J. W. Barber, 1849. Gazetteer of Florida, by Adiel Sherwood. Handbook of Florida, by Charles Ledyard Norton, 1890. Gazetteer of Georgia, liy Adiel Sh(u-\vo(xl, 1829. History of Georgia, by William Bacon Stevens. History of Alabama, Georgia, and INIississijiiii, by Albert James Pickett. Indiana Gazetteer or Topographical Dictionary, published l)y K. Cliamberlain, 1849. History of Indiana to 1856, l)y John B. Dillon, 1859. Indiana, by J. P. Dunn. KENTUCKY. Historical Sketches of Kentucky, by Lewis Collins, 1848. LOUISIANA. A description of Louisiana, by Father Louis Hennepin, translated from the edition of 1683, and compiled with Nouvelle Decijuverte, the La Salle Docvmients, and other contemj)oraneous papers, by John Gilmary Shea, 1880. History of Maine to 1842, ])y George J. Varney, 1873. Gazetteer of jNIaine, by N. P]. Hayward. History of Maine, 1602-1820, by \V. D. Williamson, 1832. Collections of the Elaine Historical Society, 1847-1859. (In seven volumes.) MASS.VCllUSETTS. Gazetteer of the State of Massachusetts, by Rev. Elias Nason, 1874. Historical Collections relating to every town in Massachusetts, l)y John \Varner Barber, 1846. Gazetteer of Massachusetts, l)y J. Hayward, L847. Tlie Indian Names of Boston and Their Meaning, by P>ben Norton Hosford: New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. XL, 1886, pp. 94-103. Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, Vol. XII, 1873. .MICHIGAN. Gazetteer of Michigan, by John T. Blois, 1840. Memorials of a Half Century in Michigan and the Lake Region, by Bela Hubbard. 14 PLACE NAMKS IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. MISSISSIPPI. A history of Mississipj)! from the Discovery of the Great River by Hernando de Soto, inchiding the Earliest Settlements made by the French under Iberville to the Death of Jefferson, by Robert Lowry and William H. McCardle. Mississippi River, by Henry R. Schoolcraft. History of Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi, by Albert James Pickett. NEW JEKSEY. Gazetteer of New Jersey, by Thomas F. Gordon, 1834. Historical Collections of New Jersey, by J. W. Barber and H. Howe. Indian Names in New Jersey, by T. Gordon: Historical Collections of the State of New Jersey, 1844, p. 512. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Gazetteer of New Hampshire, by Alonzo J. Fogg. New Hampshire State Papers. New Hami)shire Town Papers. Manual of the Court of New Hampshire. Gazetteer of New Hampshire, by J. Hayward, 1849. Gazetteer of New Hampshire, by J. Farmer and J. B. Moore, 1823. NEW MEXICO. Historical Sketches\)f New Mexico, by Le Baron Bradford Prince, 1883. Doniphan's Exijedition, by John T. Hughes, 1849. NEW YORK. History of the State of New York, 1609-1664, by John Romeyn Brodhead. Gazetteer of New York, by Thomas F. Gordon, 1836. Gazetteer of New York, by Horatio Gates Spafford, 1813. New York State Register, by Orville Luther Holley, 1843. History of Lewis County, 1860. History of St. Lawrence and Franklin counties, ))y Franklin B. Hough. New York State Register, ])y John Disturnell, 1858. Historical Collections of New York, 1524-1845, by J. W. Barljer and H. Howe, 1845. History of the Late Province of New York to 1732, by W. Smith, 1757. Gazetteer of Ohio, by John Kilbourn, 1821. Pioneer History of Ohio, by S. P. Hildreth. Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the Early Pioneer Settlers of Oliio, by . P. Hildreth. Historical Collections of Ohio, by Henry Howe. 3 volumes in 2. 1889, 1891. Ohio Gazetteer, by Warren Jenkins, 1837. History of Oregon, by Hubert Howe Bancroft, 1886. Report of the P^xploring Expedition to Oregon and North California, 1843-44, l)y John Charles Fremont: Senate Doc, Twenty-eighth Congress, second session. History of Oregon and California, by Robert Greenhow, 1845. Oregon; the Struggle for Possession, by William Barrows, 1884. Mountains of Oregon, by W. G. Steel. Tril)es of Western Washington and Northwestern Oregon, by George Gibbs: Con- tributions to American Ethnology, Vol. 1, 1877, pp. 157-241. AUTHORITIES. ' 15 PENNSYLVANIA. Historical Collections of Pennsylvania ( lOSO-1778), ])y S. Day, 1843. History of Pennsylvania to 1770, l)y Thomas F. Gordon, 1829. KHODE ISLAND. Gazetteer of Rhode Island, by Pease and Niles. Rhode Island Historical Society Proceedings, 1886-87, pp. 42-ol. Indian Names of Places in Rhode Island, Iw U. Parsons, 18(;i. Gazetteer of Connecticut and Rliode Island, by .J. C. Pease and J. ]M. Niles, 1819. Son'II CAROLINA. Historical Collections of South Carolina, by I^ R. CarixiU, 18o(). Documents Connected with the History of South Carolina, liy P. C. J. Weston. Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society, Vols. 1-V, 1857-1897. VEKMONT. Vermont Historical Gazetteer, by A. B. Hemenway, 18(>7-1871. VlKtilNlA. Hi.storical Collections of Virginia ( Virginia Historical Society jjublications). History of Virginia to 1754, liy W. II. Prockenljrougli. (In History of Virginia, by Joseph Martin, 1835.) TENNESSEE. History of Tennessee; the Rlaking of a State, by James Phelan. Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, by Howard Stansbury: Senate Ex. Doc. No. 3, sjiecial session, March, 1851. WASHINfiTON. Tril)es of Western Washington and Xorthwestern Oregon, ])y George Gibbs: Con- tribution to American Ethnology, Vol. I, 1877, pp. 157-241. History of Washington, by Elwood Evans. MISCELLANEOUS. Canoe Voyage up the Minnay Sotor, Ijy George William Featlicrstonehaugh. Astoria, by Washington Irving. Henry-Thompson Journals, by Elliot C-ones. The Exiieditions ot Zebulon Montgomery Pike, by Elliot Cones. 3 volumes. 1895. History of the Expedition under Lewis and Clarke, by Elliot Coues (Philadeipiiia American Philosophical Society, pp. 17-33), 1893. Account of an Expedition from Pittsburg to the Rocky Mountains under the Com- mand of Maj. Stephen H. Long. Compiled by Edwin James, 3 volumes, 1823. Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peters River, Lake Winnepcek, Lake of the Woods, etc., under the Command of Stephen H. Long, l)y William IL Keating, 2 volumes, 1825. The Adventures of Captain Bonneville, or Scenes beyond the Rocky Mountains and the Far West, by Washington Irving, 1850. 16 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Yellowstoiu' Park, by H. M. Chittenden. Geographic Names as Monuments of History: Tran.saetionsdf the Oneida His- torical Society, No. 5, 1889-1892. Report of Reconnaissance of Northwestern Wyoming, including the Yellowstone Park, in 187.S, by William A. Jones, 1875. Exploration of the Colorado River of the West, by J. W. Powell, 1875. Report upon the Colorado River of the West, by Joseph C. Ives: Thirty-sixth Congress, Senate document. Excursion to the Grand Canon of the Colorado, l)y W. M. Davis. Colorado Exploring Expedition, by Joseph C^. Ives: War Department, Office Explorations and Surveys, pp. 31-42, 1859. THE I^AMES AJ^D THEIE OEIGIIT. Aaronsburg; town in Center County, Pennsylvania, named for Aaron Levy, who laid it out in 1786. Abahtacook; creek in Maine, branch of the ^latamiscontis River. An Indian word, meaning " a stream that runs parallel with a big river." Abajo; mountains in Utah. A Spanish word, meaning "low." Abanaka; village in Van Wert County, Ohio, named from an Indian tribe. The word means "the east land." Abaquage; pond near the source of Little River, Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "flaggy meadow." Abbeville; county and town in same county. South Carolina, settled and named by immigrants from France, for the French town of that name. Abbot; town in Piscataquis County, Maine, named for Prof. John Abbot, treasurer of Bowdoin College. Abbotsford; village in St. Clair County, Michigan, named from the home of Sir Walter Scott. Abbott; village in Arapahoe County, Colorado, named for Albert F. Abbott, who platted it. Abbottstown; town in Adams County, Pennsylvania, named for John Abbott, who laid it out in 1753. Aberdeen; town in Moore County, North Carolina, city in Monroe County, Mis- sissippi, and numerous other places, named from the city in Scotland. Abert; lake in Oregon, named for Col. J. J. Abert, of the topographical enj^ineers, LTnited States Army. Abiatbar; peak in Yellowstone Park, named for Charles Abiathar White, of the United States Geological Survey. Abilene; city in Dickinson County, Kansas, and village in Charlotte County, Vir- ginia, named from the province of ancient Syria. The word means "a grassy plain." Abilene; city in Taylor County, Texas, named from the city in Kansas. Abingdon; city in Knox County, Illinois, town in Washington County, Virginia, and several other places, named from a borough in Berkshire, England. Abington; town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, and several other places, named from a parish of Caml)ridgeshire, England. Ableman; village in Sauk County, Wisconsin, named for Col. S. V. R. Ableman, who settled there in 1851. Abocadneticook; creek in Maine, branch of the Penobscot River. An Indian word, meaning "a stream narrowed by the mountains." Aboljackarmegas; creek in Maine, branch of the Penobscot River, at the foot of Mount Katahdin. An Indian word, meaning "bare or bold." Abrigada; hill in Waterbury, Connecticut, having on its side a deep cavern-like cliff called the "Indian House," whence the name, which is an Indian word, meaning "shelter or hiding place." Bull. 197—02 2 17 18 PLAGE "NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Absaroka; range of inountain.s in Wyoming, named from the native name of the Crow Indian.s. Grinnell says the word refers to some kind of a bird, possibly crows. Absecon; 1)ay and town in Atlantic County, New Jersey. The name is derived from the Indian words wabis.se, "swan," and ong, "a place," and was given because of the numbers of swans which resorted there. Acabonack; harbor in Long Island. An Indian word, meaning "root place," applied to the harbor from the meadows near, where the Indians found roots wliich they prized. Acadia; parish in Louisiana, and villages in Aroostook County, Maine, and Lee County, Virginia, named from the original name of Nova Scotia. Acadians emigrated to Louisiana and gave the name to the parish. The word is the French form of the Indian word kadi, meaning "the region," "the land." Acampo; village in San Joaquin County, California. A Spanish word, meaning "a portion of common given to herds for pasture." Accomac; county and village in same county, in Virginia. An Indian word, the meaning of which is given by some authorities as "on the other side," by others, "the limit of the woodland." Acequia; village in Douglas County, Colorado. A Spanish word, meaning "canal or channel." Aceyedan; creek in Iowa. An Indian word, meaning "the place of weeping." The name was given by the Indians upon the occasion of the death of some relatives. Achor; village in Columbiana County, Ohio, named from the valley of the Scrip- tures. Ackerman; town in Choctaw County, Mississippi, named for a landowner. Ackley; town in Hardin County, Iowa, laid out in 1857 '^.V J- W. Ackley. Acme; village in Grand Traverse County, Michigan. A Greek word, meaning "a point." Acquackanonk; township in Passaic County, New Jersey. An Indian word, mean- ing " where gum l;)locks were made, or procured, for pounding corn." Acquehadongonock; point in Maine. Indian word, said to mean "Smoked Fish Toint." Acton; town in York County, ]\Iaine, named from Acton, Massachusetts, in honor of the citizens of that town, originally a part of Concord, who took part in the battle of Concord. Acton; town in Middlesex County, jNIassachusetts, named from the town in Middle- sex County, England. Acton; town in Meeker County, Minnesota. An Indian word, meaning "more tiian." Acush.net; town and river in Bristol County, Massachusetts. The name of the Indian village which stood upon the spot where New Bedford now stands. Acworth; town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, namedv in honor of Lord Acworth. Ada; county in Idaho, named for the eldest daughter of H. C. Riggs. Ada; town in Kent County, Michigan, named for the daughter of Sidney Smith. r Adair; counties in Iowa, Kentucky, and Missouri; < Adairville; town in Logan County, Kentucky. Named for Gen. John Adair, gov- I ernor of Kentucky. Adams; counties in Iowa, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, and Washington, peak of the White ^lountains in New Hampshire, mountain in Washington, and jioint at the mouth of the Columbia River in Oregon, village in Herkimer County and town in Jefferson County, New York, named for President John Adams. Adams; counties in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, named for President John Quincy Adams. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 19 Adams; town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, named for Samuel Adams. Adams; village in Gage County, Nebraska, named for an early settler, J. O. Adams. Adams; town in Robertson County, Tennessee, named for the owner of the town site, Reulien Adams. Adams, J. Q,. ; peak in New Hampshire, named for President John Quincy Adams. Adamsboro; village in Cass County, Indiana, named for George E. Adams, its founder. IAdamsburg; Ijorough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania; Adamstown; borough in Lancaster County, T'ennsylvania. Said to have been named for President John Adams. Addison; town in Steuben County, New York, county and town in Vermont, town in Washington County, Maine, and township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, named for the celebrated English writer, Joseph Addison. Addison; town in Webster County, West Virginia, named for Addison McLaugh- lin, a prominent lawyer. Adel; town in Dallas County, Iowa. So named froni its situation on a dell of North Raccoon River; formerly written Adell. Adena; town in Jefferson County, Ohio, named for the home or country seat of the late Governor Worthington, of Oliio, which was in Ross County. The word means ' ' paradise. ' ' Adirondack; mountains in New York and village in Warren County, of the same State. Indian word compounded from doran, " a people who eat bark," and dak, "trees," with the French particle la prefixed. Admiralty; inlet in Washington named by Vancouver, the English explorer, for incumbent in the Admiralty. Adrian; city in Lenawee County, INIichigan, named for the Roman Emperor lla. Alliance; town in Stark County, Ohio, because it was thought that two systems of railroads would form an alliance. Alligator; river and swamp in North Carolina, so called from the number of alli- gators found there. Alloway; township and creek in New Jersey, named for an Indian chief who resided upon it. Allum; pond in Connecticut, named for a Quinebaug captain, called by the Pequot Indians "the fox." The Indian word allum meaus " fox, or foxpond." Alma; town in Park County, Colorado, named by Mr. James, a merchant, for his wife. Alma; city in 'Wabaunsee Couuty, Kansas, uamed by Germans who settled it, from the city and battle of Alma, Germany. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 23 Alma; city in Harlan County, Nebraska, named for the daughter of one of the first settlers. Almaden; township in Santa Clara County, California, containing mines of mercury. These mines are named after the quicksilver mines in Spain. Almont; village in Laj)eer County, Michigan, named for the Mexican general, Almonte. Alpena; county and city in Michigan, and village in Jerauld County, South Dakota. An Indian word, derived from penaise, "a bird." Alpine; county in California, so named because of its mountainous surface, lieing traversed by the Sierra Nevada. Many places in the United States l)ear this name in reference to their elevation. Alta; town in Buena Yista County, Iowa, situated upon the highest point between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. A Latin word, meaning "high." Many other places bear this name in reference to their elevation. [Altamaha; river and post-office in Tattnall County, Georgia; ] Altamahaw; post-office in Alamance County, North Carolina. An Indian word, *■ meaning "place of the village." Altamont; town in Effingham County, Illinois, situated on the highest point l)etween St. Louis and Terre Haute. Altamont; post-office in Garrett County, ^Maryland, on the extreme summit of tlie AUeghenies. A Spanish word meaning " high mountains." Many cither places bear the same name. Alta Vista; village in Wabaunsee County, Kansas, so named by Rock Island Rail- road officials because that road crosses the watershed between the Kansas and Neosho rivers at this point. Alton; village in Humboldt County, California, named from the city in Illinois. Many other places are named from the same. Alton; city in Madison County, Illinois, named by Rufus Easton, the founder, for his son. Alton; town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, named from a place in England. Altoona; city in Wilson County, Kansas, named from the city in Pennsylvania. Altoona; city in Blair County, Pennsylvania, so named because of its high situation in the Allegheny Mountains, and town in Polk County, Iowa, situated on the highest point between the Des Moines and .Mississippi rivers. A derivative of the Latin word altus, "high." Alturas; town in Modoc County, California, so named from its mountains. A Span- ish word, meaning "summits of mountains." Alum; creek in Yellowstone Park. Characteristic, as the water is a strong solution of alum. Alvarado; town in Alameda County, California, named for Juan B. Alvarado, ]\Iexican governor of California. Alvord; lake in Oregon, named for Gen. Benjamin Franklin Alvord, who was sta- tioned there at one time. Amador; county, town, and valley in California, named for Jose M. Amador, for- merly manager of the property of the mission of San Jose. Amakalli, tributary of Flint River, Mississippi. An Indian word, meaning "tum- bling water." Amalthea; village in Franklin County, Ohio, named for the nurse of Jupiter. Amargosa; river in California. A Spanish word, meaning " bitter water." Ambajeejus; lake, and falls in the Penobscot River, Maine.' An Indian word, referring to the two large, round rocks in the lake, one on top of the other. Ambajemackomas; fall in the Penobscot River, Maine. An Indian word, meaning "little cross pond." Ambler; borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, named for the Ambler family, of which Joseph Amlilcr, w ho !-ettled there in 172P), was a member. 24 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull- 197- Amboy; towns in Lee County, Illinois, and Miami County, Indiana, and many other places. Indian word, meaning " hollow inside, like a bowl." Amelia; county and town in Virginia, named for the Princess Amelia, youngest daughter of George II of England. Amenia; town in Dutchess County, New York, named by an early scholar of the State, who also named the State of Vermont. A Latin word, meaning ' ' pleasant, delightful, lovely." America; the Western Hemisphere, named for Amerigo Vespucci, sometimes spelled ' Americus Vespucius, who touched the South American coast somewhere near Surinam in 1499. The name was first used in 1509, and first appeared on a map made in Frankfort, Germany, in 1520. American; river in California, so called by the Spanish, Rio de los Americanos, because most of the Americans entering California at the time the Spaniards ruled there, came down that river. Ames; city in Story County, Iowa, named for Oakes Ames. Ames; post-ofRce in Montgomery County, New York, named for Fisher Ames. Amesbury; town in Essex County, Massachusetts, named from an English town. Amethyst; mountain in Yellowstone Park, so named by United States Geological Survey, from the crystalline amethysts formerly abundant on its broad summit. Amethyst; creek in Yellowstone Park, so named by the United States Geological Survey because it flows from Amethyst Mountain. Amherst; town in Hancock County, Maine, named from the town in New Hamp- shire. Amherst; county in Virginia, and towns in Hillsboro County, New Hampshire, and Hampshire County, Massachusetts, named for Lord Jeffrey Amherst. Amicalola; town in Dawson County, Georgia. An Indian word, meaning "tum- bling or rolling water." Amite; town in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, named from a neighboring stream. Amite; county and river in Mississippi. The French named the river in commem- oration of the friendly manner in which they were received by the Indians. Amity; town in Yamhill County, Oregon, so named as a result of the settlement of a neighborhood contention regarding the location of a schoolhouse in 1849. The schoolhouse was named first and the town took its name from the former. Ammonoosuc; river in New Hampshire. An Indian word, interpreted by some to mean "stony iish jjlace;" by others, "fish story river." Amo; towns in Hendricks County, Indiana, El Paso County, Colorado, and Cotton- wood County, Minnesota. An Indian word, meaning "bee." Amphitheater; creek in Yellowstone Park, named by the United States Geological Survey, from the form of a valley near its mouth. Amsterdam; city in Montgomery County, New York, named by Emanuel E. De Graff, a Hollander and early settler, from the city in Holland. Several places in the United States are named from the city in New York. Anacostia; village in the District of Columbia, named from an Indian tribe called Nacostines. « Anam.osa; city in Jones County, Iowa. Some authorities say it was named for the daughter of Nasinus, an Indian chief. Haines gives the meaning "you walk fromme." Another theory derives it from anamoosh, "dog," or "species of fox." Anastasia; island off the coast of Florida, named by the early Spanish explorers, St. Anastasia, for one of the numerous saints in the Catholic Church. Ancona; town in Livingston County, Illinois, named from the city in Italy. Andalusia; town in Covington County, Alabama; village in Rock Island County, Illinois, and post-offices in Bucks C-ounty, Pennsylvania, and Randolph County, Georgia, named from the ancient name of a province in Spain. Anderson; city in Madison County, Indiana, named for the English name of a Delaware chief. GANNETT] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 25 Anderson; county in Kansas, named for Joseph C. Anderson, member of the first Territorial legislature of Kansas. Anderson; county in Kentucky, named for Richard C Anderson, a former member of Congress. Anderson; county and city in South Carolina, named for Col. Robert Anderson, Revohitionary soldier. Anderson; county in Texas, named for Kenneth L. iinderson, vice-president of the Republic of Texas. Anderson; island in Puget Sound, Washington, named for the surgeon of the ship Ri'soli(tio)i, who died just before its discovery. Andersonburg-; village in Perry County, Pennsylvania, named for the original owner. Andersonville ; village in Sumter County, Georgia, named for the original proprietor. Andes; town in Delaw^are County, New York, named from the mountains of South America, because of its mountainous character. Andover; towns in Essex County, Massachusetts, and Windsor C'Ounty, A'^ermont, named from the town in England. Andrew; county in Missouri, named for Andrew S. Hughes, of Clay County, who first ]>ublicly proposed the " Platte purchase." Andrews; county in Texas, named for the only man killed in a two days' skirmish with the Mexicans near San Antonio, in 1835. Androscoggin; river in Maine and New Hampshire, and county in Maine. An Indian word first given to the river, from the tribe Amasaguiiticook, that for- merly lived on its banks. The authorities give the meaning "a fishing place for alewives," or "fish spearing." Angel; island in San Francisco Bay, California, named for a j^iioneer miner. Angelica; town in Allegany County, New York, named for Mrs. Angelica C^hurch, daughter of Gen. Philip Schuyler. Angel Island; post-office in Marin County, California, named from the island on which it is situated. Angels; town in Calaveras County, California, named for Henry Angel, who dis- covered gold in that vicinity in 1848. Anglesea; borough in Cape May County, New Jersey, named from the town in Wales. Aniwa; village in Shawano County, Wisconsin. Coiruption of an Indian word, aniwi, meaning "those," a Chippewa prefix signifying superiority. Ann; cape, eastern extremity of Essex County, Massachusetts, named for Queen Anne, wife of James I of England. Anna; city in Union County, Illinois, named for Mrs. Anna Davis, wife of the owner of the land. Annapolis; city in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, named in honor of (^ueen Anne, wife of James 1 of England. Ann Arbor; city in Washtenaw County, Michigan. The first part of the name was given in honor of the wives of the two early settlers, Allen and Rumsey; the latter part refers to the grovelike ajipearance of the site. Annawan; town in Henry County, Illinois, named from the Indian; probably from a wan, "fog." Anne Arundel; county in Maryland, named in honor of Lady Anne Arundel, wife of Cecilius Calvert, second Lord Baltimore. Annisquam; lake, bay, and river in New Hampshire, and village in Essex County, Massachusetts. Indian word, meaning "rock summit," or "j)oint of rock." Annsville; town in Oneida County, New York, named for the wife of J. W. Bloom- field, first settler. Anoka; county and city in Minnesota, and villages in Cass County, Indiana, and Broome County, New York. An Indian word, meaning "on both sides." Anson; county in North Carolina, named for Admiral Anson, British navy, who purchased land in the State. 26 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Anson; town in Jones Connty, Texas, named for Anson Jones, first president of the Texas Reiniblic. Ansonia; city in New Haven County, Connecticut, named for Anson G. Phelps, senior partner of the firm of Phelps, Dodge & Co., which established the place. Ansonville; town in Anson County, North Carolina, named for Admiral Anson of the British navy, who built the town. Ansted; town in Fayette County, West Virginia, named for Professor Ansted, the Eng- lish geologist, who rei^orted on a tract of coal land there and had an interest in it. Antelope; county in Nebraska, named at the suggestion of Mr. Leander Gerrard, in commemoration of the killing and eating of an antelope during the pursuit of some Indians. There are many places in various parts of the country which bear this name, generally in reference to the former presence of that animal. Antero; mount in the Sawatch Range, Colorado, named for a prominent Ute Indian. Anthony; city in Harper County, Kansas, named for Governor George T. Anthony. Anthony's Nose; promontory on the Hudson River, New York, said by Irving to have been named so in reference to Anthony Van Corl ear's nose; Lossing says, "Anthony de Hooges, secretary of Rensselaerwick, had an enormous nose, and the promontory was named in honor of that feature. ' ' Antioch; town in Contra Costa County, California, village in Lake County, Illinois, as well as many other places, named from the city in Syria. Antrim; county in Michigan, and town in Guernsey County, Ohio, named by early Irish settlers from the town in Ireland. Many other places are named from the same. Antwerp; town in Jefferson County, New York, built by a company which was formed in Holland, who named the new place from the city in Belgium. Vil- lage in Paulding Covmty, Ohio, named from the same. Apache; county and pass in Arizona, town in Caddo County, Oklahoma, and village in Huerfano Covmty, Colorado, named for a tribe of Indians. Some authorities give the meaning, "the men, the people." Grinnell interprets it as meaning ' ' enemies. ' ' Apalachee; river, and post-oftice in Morgan County, Georgia. Indian word, sup- posed to be derived from apalatchiokli, ' ' those on the other side, " or " the people on the other side." Apalachicola; river, and city in Franklin County, Florida. An Indian word, variously interpreted. Gatchet translates it, "people on the other side." Brin- ton supposed the name to be derived from Apalache, "those by the sea," and the Choctaw suffix, okla, or uklah, "nation, or town." De Vera gives the meaning, "town of low cottages on the river." Apex; village in AVake County, North Carolina, so named because it is the highest point between Raleigh and Deep rivers. Apollo; borough in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, named for the classical god. Apopka; town in Orange County, Florida. Name derived from the Indian word tsalopopkohatchee, meaning " catfish editing creek." Apostles; group of islands in Lake Superior, so called by the early Jesuits, under the impression that they numbered twelve. Appalachia; village in Wise County, Virginia. Name derived from Appalachian. Appalachian; general appellation of the mountain system in the southeastern part of North America, extending under various names from Maine southwestward to the northern part of Alabama. The name was given by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it irom the neighboring Indians. Heckewelder supposed this name to be derived from the Carib word, apaliche, " man." Brinton holds its radical to be the Muscogee apala, " the great sea, or the great ocean," and that apalache is a compound of this word with the Muscogee personal participle "chi," and means "those by the sea." GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IlSr THE UNITED STATES. 27 Appanoose; county in Iowa, and a villaore of Douglas County, Kansas. An Indian word, meaning " a chief when a child." The name of a chief of the Sacs and Fi)xes. Applebachville; village in Bucks County, Peinisylvania, named for Gen. Paul Applebach and his brother Henry. Appleg-ate; town in Jackson County, Oregon, named for an early settler. Appleton; town in Knox County, Maine, named for Nathaniel Appleton, one of the original proprietors. Appleton; village in Cape Girardeau County, ^lipsouri, situated on Apple Creek; lu'uce the name. Appleton; city in Outagamie County, Wisc(insin, named for Sanniel Appleton, one of the founders of Lawrence University, located at that place. Appling; county, and town in Colund:)ia County, Georgia, named for Col. Dan Appling. Appomattox; river, and county in Virginia. An Indian word, meaning "a tobacco plant country." Aptakisic; village in Lake County, Illinois. An Indian word, meaning "half day," or "sun at meridian." Apukwa; lake in Wisconsin. An Indian word, meaning "rice." Apulia; village in Onondaga County, New York, named from the ancient province of southern Italy. Aquaschicola; creek, and village in Carbon County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning " where we fish with the bush net." Aquebog-ue; village in Suffolk County, New York. An Indian word, meaning "at the end of a small pond." Aransas; county in Texas, named from the river which flows into Aransas Harbor, through the county. Arapahoe; county in Colorado, towns in Furnas County, Nebraska, and Custer County, Oklahoma, and post-office in Pandieo County, North Carohna. Named from an Indian tribe. The word means "pricked," or "tattooed." Arbuckle; town in Colusa County, California. Named for the founder of the town. Arbuckle; mountains in Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory. Named from Fort Arbuckle, which was named for Brevet Brig. Gen. Matthew Arbuckle, who fouglit in the Mexican war. Areata; town in Humboldt County, California. An Indian woj-d, meaning "sunny spot." Archdale; town in Randolph C-ounty, North Carolina, named for John Archdale, a lord proprietor and governor of Carolina. I Archer; county in Texas; Archer City; village in above county. Named for Dr. Branch T. Archer, promi- nent in the early days of the State. Archuleta; county in Colorado, named for J. M. Archuleta, head of one of the old Sj)anish families of New Mexico. Arden; town in Bimcombe County, North Carolina, nameounded in the vicinity. His home there was called "Ashland." Ashland; counties in Ohio and Wisconsin; cities in Clark County, Kansas, and Jackson County, Oregon; towns in jMiddlesex County, Massachusetts, Benton County, Mississippi, and Greene County, New York; borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, and villages in Saunders County, Nebraska, and Ashland County, Ohio; named for the home of Henry Clay. There are many other places named from the same, generally by the founders, who thus expressed their admiration for Henry Clay. Ashley; county in Arkansas, named for Senator Chester Ashley. Ashley; city in Washington County, Illinois, named for Colonel Ashley, of the Illinois Central Railroad. Ashley; village in Gratiot County, ^lichigan, named for II. W. Ashley, general manager of the Ann Arbor Railroad, which passes through the village. Ashley; town in Pike County, Missouri, named for General Ashley, of Arkansas. Ashley; river in South Carolina which unites with the Cooper, both named for the Earl of Shaftesbury, Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, one of the original proprietors. Ashley; lake in Utah, named for its discoverer, W. H. Ashley, a St. Louis fur trader. 30 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Asho'wngh; iwland off the coast of Connecticut, near New London. An Indian word, meaning "halfway place," or "the place between." Ashtabula; county, river, and city in Ohio, and village in Barnes County, North Dakota, An Indian word, meaning "fish river." Ashuelot; river and village in Cheshire County, New Hauii)shire. An Indian word, meaning "collection of many waters." Aspen; town in Pitkin County, Colorado, which takes its name from a near-by mountain. Quaking Asp. Aspetuc; river and hill of New Milford, Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "a height." Asproom; mountain in Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "high, lofty." Assaria; city in Saline County, Kansas, named from a church which was built by Swedish Lutherans previous to the incorporation of the place. The word means "In God is our help." Assawa; lake near the sources of the Mississippi. An Indian word, meaning "perch lake." Assawampset; pond in Middleboro, Massachusetts. An Indian word, meaning "a white stone." Assawog-; river in Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "place between," or " the halfway place." Assinniboine; fort and military reservation in Choteau County, Montana, named from a tribe of Indians. The name was given to them either on account of the stony nature of their country, or because of the singular manner they have of boiling their meat by dropping heated stones into the water in which the meat is placed until it is cooked. This custom is said to have given them the name, which means "stone roasters." In Lewis and Clarke's journal of their expedi- tion it is said that the name was borrowed from the Chippewas, who called them Assinniboan, "stone Sioux," hence the name "stone Indian," which is some- times applied to them. Assiscunk; creek in Burlington County, New Jersey. An Indian word, meaning "nuiddy," or "dirty." Assumption; parish in Louisiana, named in honor of the festival of the assumption of the Virgin Mary. Astoria; town in Fulton County, Illinois; villages in Wright County, Missouri, Queens County, New York, and Deuel County, South Dakota, named for the Astor family, of New York. Astoria; city in Clatsop County, Oregon, named for the founder, John Jacob Astor, who estal>lished a fur-trading station there in early days. Aswaguscawadic ; branch of the Mattawamkeag River, Maine. An Indian word, meaning "a place where one is compelled to drag his canoe through a stream." Atacosa; county and village in Bexar County, Texas. Spanish word, meaning "boggy" or "miry." Atalla; town in Etowah County, Alabama; named for Atala, the heroine of an Indian romance, by Chateaubriand. Atchafalaya; bayou of Eed River, Louisiana. An Indian word, meaning "long river." Atchison; county and city in Kansas, and county in Missouri, named for David R. Atchison, United States Senator from Missouri. Aten; village in Cedar County, Nebraska, named for John Aten, a State senator. Athens; county in Ohio, cities in Clarke County, Georgia, and Menard County, Illinois; villages in Claiborne County, Louisiana, Greene County, New York, and many other places, named for the celebrated city in Greece. Athol; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, said to have been named for James Murray, second Duke of Athol. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 31 Atisowil; cn-ek in \Vaialdwin, early settler. Baldwinsville; village in Onondaga County, New York, named for Dr. Jonas C. Baldwin, its founder. Bull. 197—02 3 34 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 107. Baldwyn; town iu Lee County, Mississip])i, named f()r a landowner. Balize; pilot town at the northeast pass at the mouth of the ^lississippi in Pla(|ue- mines Parish, Louisiana, the name of which comes from the French word balize, " a stake," " a beacon," the most of the houses being built on piles. Ballard; county in Kentucky, named for Capt. Bland Ballard, an officer in the war of 1812. Ballena; town in SanL>iego County, California. A Spanish word, meaning " wliale." fBallston; town in Saratoga County, New York; |Ballston Spa; village in Saratoga County, New York. Named for Rev. Elijilialet 1 Ball, an early settler, the "spa" being added in reference to the medicinal I sj)rings, from the celebrated watering place in Belgium. Baltimore; county and city in ^Maryland, and town in Windsor County, Vermont, named for the proprietor of a large tract of land in Maryland, Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, who settled the province in 1635. Bamberg; county and town in South Carolina, named for a family i)rominent in recent history of the State. Bandera; county in Texas, named from a 2)ass in the State. Tlie word is Spanish, meaning " flag." Bangor; city iu Pen(>l)scot County, Elaine, named ))y the Rev. Seth Noble, its rep- resentative in legislature, from an old i)salm tune. Bangor; boi'ough in Northanijiton County, Pennsylvania, and village in La Crosse County, AVisconsin, named from the town in Wales because of the Welsh set- tlers in these places. Bangs; mount in Arizona, namefor the man who for a long time managed the affairs of the Russian-American Comi)any. Barataria; bay, and post-office in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. The name is derived from an old French word, meaning "deceit." Barber; creek in Humboldt County, California, named for a settler. Barber; county in Kansas, named for Thomas W. Barber, Free State martyr. Barbour; county in Alabama, named for James Barbour, governor of Virginia, and Secretary of War under John Quincy Adams. [Barbour; county in West Virginia; Barboursville ; ttjwn in Cabell County, West Virginia, and several other towns in the Southern States. Named for Philii) P. Barbour, early governor of Virginia. (iANNETT.l PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 35 Bardstown; city in Nelson Oouiity, Kentucky, named fur l);iviri,<,''inal projirietoiv. Bardwell; village in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, nanie(l lor the I'.ardwell fauiily, early and prominent resideuts. Bargersville; village in Johnsou County, Indiana, named for Jefferson Barger. Bar Harbor; village in Hancock County, Mount Desert Island, Maine, so named from a sandy bar, visible oidy at low tide. Baring; town in Washington County, Maine, said to be named for the I)aring family, celebrated bankers of London, England. Barker; town in Broome County, New York, named for .Tohn i'.arker, tlu' first settler. Barlow; town in Clackamas County, Ort'gou, uain('arre, the friend of America in the British Parliament. Barre; towns in Orleans County, New York, and Washington County, \"ermont, named for the town in Massachusetts. Barren; islaneatty, cme of the first settlers. Beaufort; county and town in Carteret County, North Carolina, named for the Duke of Beaufort, a lord proprietor. Beaufort; county and town in South Carolina, said l)y some authorities to be named for the Duke of Beaufort, but other authorities claim that the name was given by the French Protestants, who took refuge there from Lord Berkeley, giving the name of the town in Anjou, France. Beauregard; town in Copiah County, Mississippi, named for (icn. Pieire (nistave Toutant Beauregard, Confederate army. Beaver; counties in Oklahoma and Utah, county and liorougli in Pennsylvania, twenty post-offices, and numerous creeks, lakes, and other natural features in the United States. It was adopted l>y the Indians as a personal as well as tribal name, because of the widespread presence of the animal. Beaver; lake in Indiana, called l)y the Indians, Sagayiganuhnickyug, "the lake of beavers." Beaverdam; city in Dodge County, Wisconsin, creek in Yellowstone Park, and numerous post-offices, so called from an obstacle placed in streams ])y beavers. Beaverhead; county in Montana, named from a rock in the coimty shaped like a beaver's head. Bechler; creek in Yellowstone Park, named by the United Stat(\s Geological Sur- vey for (justavus R. P>echler, topographer, with th(> Hayden survey. Bechtelsville; borough in Berks County, Pennsylvania, named for the family of which Judge O. P. Bechtel is a prominent member. Becker; county and town in Minnesota, named lor (jeorge L. Becker, who was one of the leading men of the State at the time. Beckley; village in Raleigh County, West Virginia, named for (ien. Alfred Beckley, early settler. Beckwith; butte and town in Plumas County, California, and mountain in Colo- rado, named for Lieutenant Beckwith, of the Pacific Railroad Exploring Expedi- tion. Bedford; town in INIiddlesex County, jMassachusetts, named for Wriothesley Russell, Duke of Bedford. Bedford; town in Westcriester County, New York, named for Bedfordshire, England. Bedford; county and ])orough in Pennsylvania, said l)y some to be named for the county in England; by others it is thought that Uie name was given in honor of the Dukes of Bedford. Bedford; county in Tennessee, and village in county, named for Thomas Bedford. Bedford; county and town in Virginia, named for Edward, Duke of Bedford. Bedloe; island in New York Harbor, named for Isaac Bedlow, its first proprietor. Bee; county in Texas, named for Bernard E. Bee, minister to Mexico in l.SoO. Beebe; town in White County, Arkansas, said to have been named for Roswell Beebe, an early settler. OANNETT] PLACE NAMES TN THE UNITED STATES. 89 Beech; this word, with various siillixes, forms the uaiue of numerous f(!atures. There are six post-otiices named ]>eech in the country and thirty-six with various suffixes, tlie name bein^ appHed because of the occurrence of this tree in the vicinity. Beech Creek; creek and borougli of Clinton County, Pennsylvania. A translation of the Indian name Schauvveminsch-kanna. Beecher City; village in Effingham County, Illinois, named for (Charles A. P>eeeher, railway solicitor. Beechy; cape in Alaska, named for Capt. F. W. Beechy, the navigator. Beekman; village in Dutchess County, New York, named for Henry ]>(H'kman, who owned a grant there in 1701!. Beekmanton; town in Clinton County, New York, named for William Beekman, one of the original grantees. Bekuennesee ; rapids in the Menominee River, AVisconsin. An Indian word, mean- ing " smoky falls." Belair ; town in Harford County, Maryland, and post-offices in Richmond County, Georgia, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, and Lancaster C-ounty, South Carolina. A French name meaning " fine air, good climate." Belchertown ; town in Hampshire County, INIassachusetts, named for Jonathan Belcher, one of the original grantees and one time governor of IVIassachnsetts. Belen; town in Quitman County, Mississipiii, named from the l)attle ground upon which Col. John A. Quitman fought during the Mexican war. Belew; town in Jefferson County, Missouri, named for Silas Px'lcw, who owned property in the vicinity. Belfast; city in Waldo County, Maine, named by James Miller, early settler, for his native city in Ireland. Numerous other places in the country bear this name. Belknap ; county in New Hampshire. The origin of this name is in doubt, but by some the county is thought to have been named for Jeremy Belknaii, who wrote a history of the State. Belknap; mount in Utah, named for the Secretary of AVar under Tresident Crant, William AVorth Belknap. Bell; county in Kentucky, named for Josh Bell. Bell; county in Texas, named for P. H. Bell, governor of the State in 1849-1857. Belle; a French word meaning "beautiful," of frequent occurrence in the country with various suffixes, there being seventy-eight post-offices which liave this name in combination with descriptive suffixes. Belleville; city in Republic County, Kansas, named for Arabelle, wife of A. B. Tutton, president of the town-site company. Belleville; village in Dane C'ounty, Wisconsin, named by the lirst settler, John Frederick, for his native village in Canada; a village in Jefferson County, New York, named for the same. Belling-ham; town in Norfolk County, ^lassachusetts, named for (iovcrnor Richard F»eliinghani. Belling-ham; bay in Washington, named by Vancouver, the explorer, probably for Sir Henry Bellingham, who was knighted in 1796. Bellmont; village in Franklin County, New York, named for William Bell, an early proi)rietor. Bellows Falls; village in AVindham County, A^ermont, named for (Vd. Benjamin Bellows, an early settler and founder of AA^alpole. Bell Spring; mountain in Humboldt County, California, so named l)y an early explorer, who found a cow bell in a sj)ring on the mountain. Bellwood; village in Butler County, Nebraska, named for D. J. I'.ell, its j.roprietor and patron. 40 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. |bulu 197. Belmont; town in Mississipin County, Mi.ssouri, and town in Beikn:i[( County, New Hanii^shire, named for August Belmont, of New York. Belmont; county and village in Ohio, named for an early settler. Howe says it is named in reference to its hilly surface; French, " fine mountain." Belmont; village in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, named for three mounds within its limits which the early French travelers called " Belles Montes." Beloit; city in Rock County, Wisconsin. A coined name, selected liy a connnittee, to whom it was suggested l)y the name Detroit. Beloit; city in IMitchcll County, Kansas, named for the above. Belpre; town in Washington County, Ohio, named from the French, meaning "beautiful prairie," from its situation on a prairie. Belton; town in Anderson County, South Carolina, named for a prominent family. Belton; city in Bell County, Texas, named for Governor P. H. Bell. Beltrami; county and village in same county, Minnesota, named for Count C. C. Beltrami, an Italian, with Major Long's exploring expedition into the Northwest country. Belvidere; town in Boone County, Illinois, and villagt^ in Allegany County, New York, as well us many other places, named for the Italian word, meaning "beautiful sight." Belzoni; town in Washington County, Mississipi>i, named for an Italian, (iianibattuta Belzoni, a celebrated archaeologist. Bemis Heights; village in Saratoga County, New York, named for .lonathan Bemis, innkeeper there during the Revolution. Benedicta; town in Aroostook County, ]\Iaine, named for Bishoi> P>enedicta Fen- wick, who was an early projjrietor. Benicia; city in Solano County, California, named ))y General Vallejo for his wife. Ben Lomond; post-ofhces in Sevier County, Arkansas; Santa Cruz County, Cali- fornia; Issaquena County, Mississip])i, and Mason County, West Virginia; named for the beautiful lake in Scotland. Bennett; town in Cedar County, Iowa, named for diet Bennett, a railroad man. Bennett; point in Maryland, named for Richard Bennett. Bennett; town in Lancaster County, Nebraska, named for a resident. Bennett Creek; village in Nansemond County, A^irginia, named for Richard Bennett, governor in 1652-1656. Bennettsville ; town in Marlboro County, South Carolina, named for a family prominent in the State. Bennetts Wells; two shallow dug wells in Death Valley, Inyo County, California, named for the survivor of an emigrant party which entered the valley in 1850. Bennington; town in Hillsboro County, New Hampshire, and county, township, and town in Vermont, named for Governor Benning Wentworth, of New Hampshire. Benson; town in Johnston County, North Carolina, named for a prominent citizen. Benson; county in North Dakota, named for Hon. B. W. Benson, member of the State legislature and l)anker, of Valley City, North Dakota. Benson; town in Rutland'County, Vermont, said by some to have ])een named for Judge Egbert Benson, one of the original i)roprLetors. The Vermont Historical Society says that it was named by James Meacham, a i)roprietf>r, for a Revolu- tionary officer. Bent; county in Colorado, named for Williaui lient, first United States governor of New Mexico. Benton; counties in Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Oregon, Tennessee; village in Marshall County, Kentucky; town in Bossier Parish, Louisiana; village in Minnesota; town in Grafton County, New Hamp- shire; named for Senator Thomas H. Benton, of Missouri. Thirty-one other places in the country l)ear this name; ahnost all of tiicm wer<' named for the same man. GANNETT.] PLACK NAMES IN THK UNITED STATES. 41 Benton; tow ii in VatcH Gouiity, New York, nauR^d fur Levi Benton, the tirwt settler. Bentonia; town in Yazoo County, Mississippi, nanaed for the Ciiristian name of ]Mrs. Hal Green, a resident. Ben"wood; city in Marshall ('onnty, West A'irginia, nanu'd for iU'njamin l.atrohc, ertfrineer on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Benzie; county in Michitran. Prol)ably named fi'oni the town of l>enzonia, which was founded and nanuMl before the county. There art' some, however, w iiotinnk the name a corruption from Betsie Kiver and I'oint, whicii were orii^'inally called Aux Bees 8cies, meaning "at the snout of the sawlish." Benzonia; village in Benzie Comity, Michigan, named from the llebi'ew, meaning "sons of light," by the Rev. J. B. Walker, member of a company formed to found a college where poor students could be educaU'd, wliich was built u])on the spot where the village now stands. Beowawe; i)ost-ofiice in Eureka County, Nevada, so named from the peculiar shape of the hills at this point, which gives the effect of an open gateway up the valley to the canyon be^yond. An Indian word meaning "gate." Berea; towns in Adair County, Iowa; Madison County, Kentucky, and Cuyahoga Ccjunty, (^hio, named from the ancient city in Macedonia. Berenda; town in Madera County, California. A Spanish word meaning "ante- lope," given in this case because the country in the vicinity of the town was cov- ered with antelope in early days. Beresford; lake in Florida, named for an early English proprietor. Berg-en; county in New Jersey, which received its name from Bergen Point, which in turn was named by colonists from Bergen, Norway. Berg-holtz; village in Niagara County, New York, named for the town in Prussia. Bering; several geograjjhical ])oints between Asia and America, named for the cele- brated Dutch navigator, Vitus Bering. Berkeley; county in South Carolina, named for .lohn, Lord Berkeley, one of the original proprietors. I Berkeley; county in West Virginia; j Berkeley Springs; town in Morgan County, West Mrginia. Named for William I Berkeley, governor of Virginia in 1642. Berkley; town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, probably named for Dean JU>rk- ley, Bishop of Cloyne, though some authorities say for James and William Berkley, members of the Privy Council. Berkley; town in Norfolk County, Virginia, named for Norborne Berkeley, Lord Botetourt. Berks; county in Pennsylvania, nameil for the county of Berks in England. Berkshire; county in Massachusetts, named for Berkshire, England. Several towns in the country are named from the same. Berlin; thirty-seven post otiices in the United States bear the name of the city in Germany. Bermuda; villages in C'onecuh County, Alabama; Gwinnett County, Georgia; Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana; Marion County, South Carolina, and Knox County, Tennessee; named from the group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, which were named for the Spanish discoverer, Juan Bermudez. I Bern; towns in Adams County, Indiana, and Albany County, New York; Bernville; borough in Berks County, Pennsylvania. Named for tlu' town of Bern in Switzerland. Bernardstown; town in Franklin County, ^Massachusetts, named for the British governor. Sir Francis Bernard. Berrien; county and town in (Georgia and county and town in Michigan, named for John McPherson Berrien, Attorney-General of the United States in 1829. Berry; creek in Idaho, named by Captain Clarke, the explorer, because he subsisted entirely on berries at that place. 42 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Berry; village in llarriaon County, Kentucky, named for a nian who had a station there called Berry's station. Berryville; town in Carroll County, Arkansas, named for James H. Berry, governor of the State. Berthoud; village in Larimer County, Colorado, named for ¥j. L. Berthoud, cliief engineer of the Union Pacific Railroad. Bertie; county in North Carolina, named for James and Henry Bertie, in whom the jiroprietary rights of the Earl of Clarendon rested. Berwick; town in York County, Maine, named from the city in England, Berwick- upon-Tweed. Bessemer; town in Jefferson County, Alabama; city in Gogebic County, Michigan; town in Gaston County, North Carolina, and several other places; named for Sir Henry Bessemer, who invented the process of reducing iron ore. Bethany; seventeen post-offices in the country, named from the village in Palestine. Bethel; thirty-two post-offices in the United States, named for the town in Palestine. Bethesda; several places in the country, named for the pool of Jerusalem. Bethlehem; thirteen post-offices bear the name of the town in Palestine. Betsie; river, point, and town in Michigan, named for the corruption of a French name given to the river in early days, Aux Bees Scies, meaning "at the snout of the sawfish." Beulah; twenty-two post-offices in the United States bear this Scriptural name. Beverly; the name of nineteen places in the United States, probably derived from the Yorkshire Beverley. Beverly; town in Randolph County, West Virginia, doubtless named for William }>everly, the original grantee of Beverly Manor. Bevier; village in Muhlenberg C'ounty, Kentucky, and city in INIacon County, Mis- souri, named for Col. Robert Bevier, of Kentucky. Bexar; county and village in Texas, and villages in Marion County, Alabama; Ful- ton County, Arkansas, and Ijauderdale C'ounty, Tennessee; named for the Duke of Bexar, a Spanish nobleman. Bibb; counties in Alabama and Georgia, named for Dr. William Wyatt Bibb, mem- l>er of Congress from Georgia. Bicknell; village in Knox County, Indiana, named for John Bicknell. Biddeford; city in York County, ]\Iaine, named from the place in England whence some of the^^^arly settlers emigrated. Bienville; parish and town in Louisiana, named for Governor Jean Baptiste Lemoine Bienville, son of the French explorer who accompanied La Salle on his expedition. Big Blackfoot; river in the Rocky Mountains, Montana, the name of which is ilerived from the Blackfeet Indian tribe. Big Blue; creek in Missouri, which was formerly called Bluewater Creek, the name being derived from its French name. Riviere de I'P'au Bleue. Bigbone; village in Boone County, Kentucky, so named from the numbers of bones of mastodons discovered in the vicinity. Big Dry; creek in Montana, so named by Lewis and Clarke, because it was dry when they reached it. Big Gravois; creek in Missouri, a French name, meaning "rubbish." Bighorn; river in INIontana, tributary to the Yellowstone River, so named from the Rocky Mountain sheep, frequently called "big horn." Its Indian (Dakota) name was Papatunkau, meaning "big head." Bighorn; county in Wyoming, named from the range of mountains, which took their name from the sheep which were found in them. The Indian (Absaroka) name of the mountains was Ahsahta, meaning "big head." Bigler; lake in California, named for John Bigler, governor of the State. Big Muddy; creek in Missouri, the name derived from that given it by the early French, Grande Riviere Vaseuse, "great muddy river." GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IlSr THE UNITED STATES. 4o Big Rapids; cilv in Mecosta ('oimty, Michigan, so naiiicd l'n>in rai)iils in tlH> Miis- kfi^oii Rivei'. Big" Sioux; river in MiiiiU'f^uta ami South Dakota, named Irom the lii(Uan tril)e. Big Spring; town in Meade County, Kentucky, .so named from a sprint;; which rises near the middle of the town. There are fifteen other places in tlie coimtiy tiiat hear this name l)ecause of the ]>resence of sprintrs. Bigstone; county in Minnesota, wliich takes its name fi-ou: a river, wliicli was doubtless named descriptively. Bigtooth; creek in Center County, Pennsylvania, named from the Indian name of the creek, ^Vlan^ipisink, " the place where hi^ teeth are found." Big Tree; village in Erie County, New York, so called from tiie Indian \illage which formerly occui)ied the site, Deonundaga, "a big tree." Big Trees; village in Calaveras County, California, so named from a grove of about ninety enormous trees of the genus Se(jnovi. Bigwood; river in Idaho, the name of which is derived from the name given l)y the early French traders, Boise or Boisee, "woody;" so called because of its wootletl banks. Bijou; hills in South Dakota, named for an early French hunter. Bijou Hills; village in Brule County, South Dakota, named from the hills. Billerica; town in ^liddlesex County, Massachusetts, named from a town in Essex, England. Billings; ci7-dsall. Birdsboro; borough in Berks County, Pennsylvania, named for William Bird, who in 1740 l)onglit the tract on which the town now stands. Birmingham; twelve places in the country, named from the mannfactiu-ing to\\ n in England. Bismarck; city in St. Francois County, Missouri, city in Burleigh County, North Dakota (capital of State), and many other places, named for Prince Otto von Bismarck of Germany. Bison; peaks in (Colorado, and Yellowstone Park, named for their shaj^e. Bitterwater; branch of Grand Kiver, Utah, so named from the character of the water. 44 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [Bn.L. 197. Blackbird; town in Holt C'ounty, Nebraska, named for tlie sreat warrior and chief of the Omaha Indians, Washingasahba, "Blackbird." Black Creek; town in Wilson Count}', North (!arolina, named from a creek of dark water. Black Diamond; town in Contra Costa County, California, so named from its coal mines. -Blackfeet; Indian agency in Montana, named from an Indian tribe. According to tradition, the name originated in this way: A nameless chief was unsuccessful in the chas(Mmtil Ids fathei- blackened his feet with diarcoal and named him Satsiaqua, "black feet." Blackfoot; peak, and village in Bingham CVmnty, Idaho, named frreacher. Boardman; township and village in Mahoning County, Ohio, named for the origi- nal proprietor, Frederick Boardman. Boca; ixist-office in Nevada County, California, at the mouth of the Truckee River. A Spanish word, meaning "mouth." Bodie; island in North Carolina, named for Hon. N. W. Boddie, of Nashville, North Carolina. Bodock; creek in .\rkansas, corrupted from the French, l)ois d'arc, a sjjecies of wood. Boerne; village in Kendall County, Texas, named f(jr the (ierman writer, Louis Boerne. Bogota; borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, named for the South American Bogue Chitto; town and creek in Lincoln County, ]\Iississii)pi. An Indian name, meaning "big creek." Bohemia; villages in Escambia County, Florida; Suffolk County, New York; and Douglas County, Oregon, named from the province in Austria-Hungary. Bois Brule; township in Perry County, Missouri. A French name, meaning "Imrnt wood." Bois d'Arc; village in Greene County, Missouri, named from a tree from which the Indians procured wood for their bows. A French name, meaning "bow wood." Bois des Sioux; tributary' of the Red River, North Dakota. A French name, mean- ing "the wood of the Sioux." Boise; county and city in Idaho, situated on Boise River. A French word, meaning "woody," given by the early French traders because of the trees upon the l)anks of the river. Bolinas; l)ay, and town in Marin County, California. A Spanish word, meaning " whale." Bolivar; county and village in Mississippi; city in Polk County, Missouri; town in iVllegany County, New York; town in Hardeman County, Tennessee; and live other places, named for G(m. Simon Bolivar. Bollinger; county in Missouri, named for Mag. George F. Bollinger, an early settler. GANNKTT.] PLACE NAMKS IN THE UNITED STATES. 47 Bolton; town iii Worcester County, Ahi.syachusettH, iiuuumI lor ("liarles I'owiet, third Duke of Bolton. Bolton; town in Hinds County, Mississippi, named for a man interested in building a railroad from Vicksburg to Jackson. Bombay; town in Franklin County, New York, named by Mr. Ilogaii, an eaily settler, whose wife had lived in Bombay, India. Bonair; towns in Howard County, Iowa, White County, Tennessee, and village in Chesterlield County, Virginia. A French word, meaning "good air." Bonanza; village in Klamath County, Oregon, and seven other places in the country. .V Spanish word meaning "prosperity." Bonaparte; town in Van Buren County, Iowa, and village in l^ewis County, New York, named for Napoleon Bonaparte. Bonaqua; town in Hickman County, Tennessee, so called lu-causeit is situated near nuneral springs. Latin name, meaning "good water." Bond; county in Illinois, named for Shadrack Bond, tirst governor of tiie State, 1 SI 8-1822. Bondurant; town in Polk County, Iowa, named for A. C. Bonduraut. Bonham; town in Fannin County, Texas, named for Col. J. B. Bonham, who died in the Alamo in 1838. Bonhomme; coimty in South Dakota, named for Jacques Bon Honune, the French- man's "LTncle Sam." Tliis name was given by the early Frencii traders to an island in the Missouri River, in the above State, and afterwards the name was transferred to the county. Bonita; point in California, and a village in Ottertail County, Minnesota. A Span- ish word, meaning "pretty, graceful." Bonner Springs; city in Wyandotte County, Kansas, named foi- Robert I'xmner, horseman, and editor of the New York Ledger. Bonneterre; town in St. Francois county, Missouri. A Freni'h word, meaning "good earth," having been given l»y early French settlers to a mine which con- tained lead. Bonneville; mounts in Nevada and Wyoming, and a village in Multnomah County, ( )regon, named for Capt. B. L. E. Bonneville, early explorer in the Northwest. Bonpas; creek and town in Rii-hland County, Illinois, named from the prairie which is now called Bom]>are, Ijut which was named by the early French, Bon Pas, meaning "good walk." Bonpland; mount in Nevada an\\ n in Warrick (.'ouuty, Indiana. Sonit' authorities say tluit it received its name in lionor of Daniel Boone, while Conklin says it was named for Ratliffe Boone, second governor of tlie State, who laid it out. Boonville; villatre in Oneida County, New York, named for (ierrit J'xxjn, ai,'ent of the Holland Land Company, who made the first settlement. Boonville; town in Yadkin County, North Carolina, named for Daniel Boone. Boothbay; town in Lincoln County, Maine, named for the town in England. Borax; lake in California, the waters of which are a solution of borax. Bordeaux; town in Abbeville County, South Carolina, named from the city in France. Borden; county anoscawen. Boscobel; city in (irant County, Wisconsin, named for a place in Slirop.shire, Eng- land. Bosque; county and river in Texas. A French and rortuguese word, meaning "a wood, a forest," a]>plied to the country because of the forests of live oak, io, "arms of (iod." The Mexicans confused the two rivers and called the Colorado the Brazos, and vice versa, and so the names stand to-day. Breakabeen; village in Schoharie County, New Yovk, named from the German word for the ruslies which grew upon the hanks of the creek at tliis point. Breathitt; county in Kentucky, named for John Breatl)itt, former governor of the State. Breckenridg-e ; town in Sununit County, Colorado, and city in Caldwell County, Missouri, named lor John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President of the United Stat(>s. Breckenridg-e; county in Kentucky, named for John Breckenridge, a Kentucky statesman. Breedsville; village in Van Buren County, ^lichigan, named for Silas Breed, an early settler. Breese; village in Clinton County, Illinois, named for Lieutenant-(;overnor Sidney Breese. Bremer; county in Iowa, named f(jr Fredrika Bremer, the Swedish autlioress, who spent some time in this region in 1850. Brentwood; town in Rockingham County, Xew Hampsliire, incorporated as Brint- wood; proltably named from a place in F^ngland. Brevard; county in Florida, named for Dr. Brevard, autlior of the Mecklenl)urg Declaration of Independence. Brevard; town in Transylvania County, North Carolina, named for Ephraim J. Brevard, a Revolutionary patriot. Brewer; mount in California, named for Pi'of. AV. H. Brewer. Brewer; city in Penobscot County, Maine, named for Col. John Brewer, first settler. Brewer; strait of Staten Island, New York, discovered by Brewer in 1643. Brewster; a town in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, named for Elder William P)rewster, one of the first settlers in Plymouth colony. Brewster; village in Putnam County, New York, probably named after James and Walter F. Brewster, who at one time owned the tract of land comprising the village. Brewster; county in Texas, named for 11. I*. Brewster, i)rivate secretary to Samuel Houston. Briceland; village in Humboldt County, California, named for a resident. Bridal Veil; falls in Yosemite Valley, California, and falls on a branch of the Columbia River, Oregon. A descriptive name. Bridal Veil; village in ^lultnomah County, Cregon, named for falls. Bridge; creek in Yellowstone Park, named from a natural l)ridgeof trachyte over it. Bridgeport; city in Connecticut, also of munerous other places, usually so called from al)ridge in or near the j)lace. The sutiixes "ton," "town," "water," and " ville" are also used frequently. Bridg^er; peak, village in Carbon County, and river in Montana, lake in Yellow- stone Park, and pass in the Rocky Mountains, named for Maj. James Bridger, a noted guide. 52 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Bridgewater; town in riynioutli Coaiity, ^NlassachuHettH, named for tlie Duke of Bridgewater. Nasoii .says the name wan derived from a town in Somerset- shire, England. Bridgton; town in (hunherlaiid (lounty, Maine, named for an early settler, Moody Bridges. Briensburg-; village in iMarsliall County, Kentucky, named for James Brien, niem- 1»er of the legislature. Brigham; city in Boxelder Cf tlie Inrnier pres- ence ■•£ that animal. BuUards Bar; town in Ynl)a (^mnty, Calitnrnia, namcil \nv an old settler. I Bullitt; county in Kentucky; Bullittsville; town in Booiu' County. Kentucky. Named for Alexander Scott I I'.ullitt. |Bullocli; comity in (reorunce, of the county. Buncombe; county in North Carolina and several places in the Southern States, named for Col. Edward Buni-ombe, of the Continental Army. Bunker Hill; city in Macoupin County, Illinois, and eleven other places, named for the famous battle of the Revoluti(^n. Bunsen; peak in Yellowstone Park, named by the United States (Teoloijical Survey for the eminent chemist and physicist, Robert Wilhelin Bunsen. Burden; city in Cowley County, Kansas, named for Robert E. F>urden, leading member of the town company. Bureau; county and town in Illinois, named for a French trader, i'ierre de Beuro, who established a trading post upon a creek which first bore his name. Burgaw; village in Pender County, North C'arolina, named for a resident family. Burke; county in Georgia, town in Franklin County, New York, and town in Caledonia County, Yermont, named for Edmund Burke, the English statesman. Burke; county in North Carolina, named for Thomas Burke, governor of North Carolina in 1781-82. ■ Burleigh; county and creek in North Dakota, named for Walter A. Burleigh, early settler, and Delegate to Congress. Burleson; county and village in Johnson County, Texas, named for Edward Burleson, Indian fighter, and vice-j>resident under Houston in 1S41. Burling-ame; city in Osage County, Kansas, named for Anson Burlingame, minister to China. Burlington; town in Coffey County, Kansas, city in Des Moines County, Iowa, and village in Calhoun County, iSlicliigan, named from the city in Yermont. Burlington; county and city in New Jersey, named from Brilington, conunonly pronounced Burlington, p]ngland. Burlington; city in Chittenden County, Yermont, namecl for the Burling family, of New York. Burnet; county and town in Texas, named for David (I. Burnet, twice governor of the State. Burnett; town in Anteloi)e County, Nebraska, named for the (irst sni)erinten(lentof the Sioux City and Pacific Railroad. Burnett; county in ^Yi.sconsin, named for Thomas P. Burnett, an early legislator of the State. Burnside; river and island in Georgia, named for an early settler. Burnsville; village in Bartholomew County, Indiana, named for Price Burns, its founder. Burnsville; town in Yancey County, North Carolina, nanu»d for Otway Burns, ca])- tain of the privateer Snapdracion . Burr; creek in Humboldt County, California, named for early settlers. Burrillville; town in Proviurr, vice-president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. Burt; town in Kossuth County, Iowa, nameil for the jiresideut of the I^'nion Pacilic Kailroad. Burt; county in >('el)raska, named for Francis Burt, governor of the Territory in 1854. Bushkill; two creeks, and a village in Pike County, Peinisylvania. A Dutch word, meaning "bushy stream." Bushy; creek in western Pennsylvania. A translation of the Indian name Achemek. Buskirk Bridge; \illage in Washington County, New York, named for oMartin Van lUiskirk. Busti; town in Chautauqua County, New York, named for Paul Busti, of the Hol- land Land Comimny. Butler; county in Alabama, named for Capt. William Butlei-, of that State. Butler; county in Iowa, and city in Bates County, INIissouri, named for \Mlliani O. P>utler, of Kentucky, general in the Mexican war. Butler; county in Kansas, named for Andrew P. Butler, United States Senator from South Carolina in 1846-1857. Butler; counties in Kentucky, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, named for Gen. Richard Butler, who fell at St. Clair's defeat. Butler; county in Nebraska, named for David Butler. Butte; county in California, named from Marysville Buttes. French, meaning "a small knoll or hill." Butte; city in Silverl)ow Coimty, Montana, named from a bare l)utte overlooking the place. Butte; county in South Dakota, so named from Imttes, i)rominent features in the cd for Miss C'abot, a descendant of Sebastian Cabot. Cache; many streams, county, village, and valley in iiortheastern Utah. A French word, meaning "hiding place," probably applied because of certain things hav- ing l)een hidden there by early explorers and travelers. Cache la Poudre; creek in Colorado, named from the French, meaning "powder hiding place." Caddo; town in Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory; jjarish and lake in Louisiana; village in Stephens County, Texas, and several small i)lact>s named from the Indian tri])e who called themselves Ascena, "timl)er Indians," probably because of their residence in a wooded country. The name is derived from ka-ede, "chief." Cadillac; city in Wexford County, ^Michigan, named for La Motte (or La Mothe) Cadillac, who established a fort on the Detroit River in 1701. Cadiz; town in Harrison County, Ohio, named from the city in Spain. Six other small jilaces in the country are so called. Cadott; village in Chippewa County, Wisconsin, named for an half-hreed Indian, r>aptiste Cadotte, who lived near the falls which first boi'e his name. Caernarvon; townships in Pennsylvania, named from the town in Wales. Cahokia; creek and town in Illin(jis, named from an extinct Indian tribe. The name was spelled Kahokia or Kohokia, meaning "he is extremely lean." Cahto; creek, and village in ^Mendocino County, California. Indian word, meaning "fish." Cahuilla; valley, and village in Riverside County, California, named from an Indian tribe. The word means "master." Caillou; lake and bayou in Louisiana. A French word, meaning "pebbU'or Hint." Ca Ira; town in Cund)erland County, N'irginia. A French expression used in a famous revolutionary song, meaning "it shall go on." Cairo; fourteen places in the country bear the name of the caiiital of Egyjit. Calais; city in Washington County, Maine, and town in Washington Comity, Ver- mont, named for the French city. Calamine; town in Sharp County, Arkansas, named from the zinc mines, calamina meaning the native siliceous oxide of zinc. Calapooya; mountains in Oregon, named from an Indian tribe. Calaveras; river and county in California, so called from the numbers of skulls found there, supposed to be the remains of a bloody battle among the Indians. The word is Spanish, meaning "skull." Calcasieu; jiarish and village in Louisiana, named from an Indi'i.; tribe Kal- kousiouk. 58 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. Ibull. 197. Calcutta; villasjes in Columbiiuui County, Ohio, and I'k'asuntt< CVmnty, West Vir- ginia, named from the city in India. Caldwell; city in Sumner County, Kansas, nanuMl for Alexander Caldwell, of Leavenworth, United States Senator. Caldwell; comities in Kentucky and Missouri, named for (Jen. John Caldwell, formerly lieutenant-governor of Kentucky. Caldwell; parish in Louisiana, named for Matthew ('aid well, of North Carolina, a noted frontiersman. Caldwell; borough in Essex County, New Jersey, named for Rev. James Caldwell, a patriotic clergyman of the Revolution. Caldwell; town in Warren County, New York, named for (len. James Caldwell, patentee. Caldwell; county in North Carolina, named for Dr. Josc]>h Caldwell, lirst president of the State University. Caldw^ell; village in Noble County, Ohio, named foi' Joseph and Samuel Caldwell, to whom the land belonged. Caldwell; county and town in Burleson County, Texas, named for JNIatthew Cald- well, old settler and colonel of Texas regiment in 1841. Caledonia; county in Vermont, village in Livingston County, New York, and 16 other places in the country, named from the ancient name of Scotland. Calfee; creek in Yellowstone Park, named for II. B. Calfee, a photographer of note. Calhoun; counties in Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, (Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Michi- gan, Mississippi, Texas, and West Virginia, also many small places, named for John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, Vice-President in 1825-1833. Calhoun; town in McLean County, Kentucky, named for Judge John Calhoun. Calhoun; village in Washington County, Nebraska, so named because situated on the site of Fort Calhoun. Calhoun Falls ; town in Abbeville County, South Carolina, named from a promi- nent family. California; one of the States of the Union. This name was applied by Cortez to the bay and country, which he supposed to be an island. The name is that of an island in an old Spanish romance, where a great abundance of jirecious stones were found. Eight post-ottices liear this name. Callahan; county in Texas; named for James M. Callahan, survivor of the massacre of lSo(i. Callaway; county and village in Missouri, and several other jilaces; named for Cai)t. James Callaway, grandson of Daniel Boone. Callensburg; borough in Clarion County, Pennsylvania; named for Hugh Callen, its fonnd(>r. Callicoon; town in Sullivan County, New York. The word is said to signify " turkey " in both Dutch and Indian languages. The Dutch word for " turkey," however, is-spelleil kalkoen. Calloway; comity in Kentui-ky; nameasHes througli the town. Canavaral; eai)e, and viiiatie in IJrevard County, Florida. A Si)anish wonl, mean- in^'' "a eane plantation." Canby; eity in Claekanias County, Oreijon, named for (Ten. Kdwaro Caidiy, who was killed by the JNIodoe Indian.s in northern California. Candelaria; iwst-ofiices in Ksnieralda County, Nevada, and Presidio County, Texas. A Spanish woi'd, meaninir "tallow and wax chandler's shop." Candia; town in R(iekinghaiii County, New Hampshire, named froin tho island in the INIediterranean where (iovernor Wentworth was onee a prisont-r. Caneadea; town in Allegany County, New York. An Indian word, meaning "where the heavens rest upon the earth." Caney; city in Montgomery County, Kansas, villages in ]\Iorgan County, Kentucky, Vernon Parish, T^ouisiana, and Matagorda County, Texas, bi'sides several other small places. This word is frequently used alone and with thesuttixes "branch," "sjmng," and "ville," in the Southern States, and refers to the cane which covers vast tracts of country in the alluvial bottoms. Canfield; village in IMahoning County, Ohio, named for one of the original propri- etors, Jonathan (^anfield. Canisteo; river, and town in Sti'uben County, New York. An Indian word, mean- ing "lioard on, or in, the water." Cankapoja; lake at the head of Vermilion Kiver, South Dakota. An Indian word, meaning "light wood." Cannelburg-; town in Daviess County, Indiana, named for the iiuckeye Cannel Coal Company. Cannelton; city in Perry County, Indiana, village in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, and town in Kanawha County, West Virginia, named from the beds of cannel coal in the vicinity. Cannon; I'iver in Minnesota. The name is a corruption of the name given by the early French, Riviere aux Canots, river of the "canoes." Cannon; county in Tennessee, named for Newton Cannon, governor of the State in 1835-39. Cannonball; river in North Dakota, translation of the French name, Le Poulet. Cannon Falls; village in Goodhue County, Minnesota, named from the river. Cannonsburg; town in Kent County, ^lichigan, named for Le Grand Cannon, of Troy, New Y'ork. Cannonsville ; village in Delaware County, New York, named for Benjamin Can- non, early owner. Canoeridge; village in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, so named because it is situ- ated on the highest point on the west branch of the Susquehanna to which a canoe could be pushed. Canoga; village in vSeneca County, New Y^ork, named from a large spring which affords permanent motive power for two mills. An Indian word meaning "oil floating on the water." Canon; a name given In' the Spaniards to narrow mountain gorges or deep ravines. Sometimes spelled canon, others canyon, from their proximity to gorges; such as Canyonville, Oregon, and Cancan City, Colorado. A Sjiianish word meaning "a tube, a funnel." Canon de Ugalde; ]iass in Texas named for a Mexican general. Canonicut; island in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, named for Canonicus, an Indian cliief of the Narragansett tribe, a friend of Roger Williams. 62 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Canonsburg'; town in Washington County, Pennsylvania, laid out l)y and named for Col. John Cannon. Canooch.ee; river, and village in Emanuel County, Cxeorgia. An Indian word, said to be derived from Ikanodshi, "the graves are there." Canterbury; town in ^Vindham County, Connectieut, and villages in Kent county, Delaware, Merrimack County, New Hampshire, and Mingo County, West Vir- ginia, named from the p]nglish town. Canton; numerous places in the country, which deri\e their name, either directly (jr indirectly, from the city in China. Capac; town in St. Clair County, Michigan, nanieil for ]Manco Capac, the first emperor or chief of the Peruvian empire. The word, manco, is said to mean "chief." Cape Elizabeth; town in Cuml)erland C(junty, Maine, named from the cape, wliicli was named for Queen Elizal)eth of England. Cape Girardeau; county and city in Missouri, named for Sieur Girardot, of Kas- kaskia. Capell; mountain and fort in California, named for an officer. Cape May; county and city in New Jersey, named from the cape named for Cor- nclis .Jacohse ^lay, a navigator in the employ of the Dutch West Indian Company. Cape Vincent; town in Jefferson County, New York, named for Vincent, son of Le Kay de Chaumont. Capitol; peak in Colorado, so nameil from its form. Carancahua; village in Jackson County, Texas, named for an Indian tribe. Carbon; a name of frequent occurrence in the country, given to indicate tlie pres- ence of coal deposits. Counties in ]Montana, Pennsylvania, Utah, and Wyoming are so called. Various sutiixes, such as "dale," "hill," etc., are also used. Cardiff; villages in Jefferson County, Alaljama; Garfield County, Colorado, and Onondaga County, New York, named from the city in AVales. Cardwell; village in Dunklin County, Missouri, named for Frank Cardwell, of Para- gould, Arkansas. Carencro; town in Lafayette Pai'ish, Louisiana, so named because large flocks of buzzards roosted in the cypress trees common in that neighborhood. A Creole word, meaning "buzzard." Carlinville; city in Macou})in County, Illinois, named for Thomas Carlin, governor of the State in 1834-42. Carlisle; county in Kentucky, named for John C Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury under President Cleveland. Carlisle; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, named, according to W^hitmore, for Charles Lloward, Earl of Carlisle. Other authorities say for the town in Scotland. Carlisle; borough in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, named for the town in England. Carlisle; town in Union County, South Carolina, named for a prominent family. Carlstadt; borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, named by early German settlers for the town in Croatia. Carlton; county and village in Minnesota, named for one of tlie first representatives in the legislature of the district, which was afterwards formed into Carlton County. Carmel; town in Penobscot County, ]Maine, and several other small i)laces, named from the mountain in Palestine. Carnegie; borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, named for Andrew Carnegie. Carnesville; town in Franklin County, (Georgia, named for Col. T. P. Carnes, sr. GANNKTT] PLACE NAMES TN THE UNITED STATES. 03 Caro; villaina t'ounty, North Dakota, named for Charles Cavalier, one of the old settlers in tiie Lower Red River Valley. Caw^anesque; branch of the Chemung River, New York. An Indian word, mean- ing "at the long island." Caw^anshanock; creek in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. Indian, derived from Gawunschhanne, "green briar stream." Cawker; city in Mitchell County, Kansas, named for E. H. Cawker. Bull. 197—02 5 66 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Cayuga; county, village, and lake in New York. Indian word, the derivation of which is in dispute. The generally accepted theory is that it means ' ' long lake, ' ' having been originally applied to the lake, which is 38 miles long and from 1 to Similes wide. Morgan derives it from Gweugweh, "the mucky land," while others say that it signifies "canoes pulled out of the water. " One of the six nations of Indians was so called. Six small places in the country Ijear this name. Cayuse; village in ITmatilla County, Oregon, named from the Indian ponies, which are numerous in the country. Cazenovia; lake and town in Madison County, New York, named by its founder, Col. John Linklaen, for Theophilus Cazenove, general agent of the Holland Land Company. Cazenovia; township in Woodford County, Illinois, and villages in Pipestone County, Minnesota, and Richland County, "Wisconsin, are named for the above. 1 Cecil; county in Maryland; Cecilton; town in Cecil County, Maryland. Named for Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore. Cedar; this word, with various suffixes, forms the name of numerous features throughout the country. Counties in Iowa, Missouri, and Nebraska, 153 post- offices, with or without suffixes, and numberless rivers, creeks, etc., bear the name, referring to the presence of the tree in the vicinity. Cedar Keys; town in Levy County, Florida, named from a group of islands in the harbor. Celeron; island near Detroit, Michigan, named for Sieur Celeron, commandant at Detroit in early days. Center; town in Sharp County, Arkansas, and county in Pennsylvania, so named because of their geographical situation in county or State. One hundred and fifty places in the country bear this name, alone or with various prefixes. Center Harbor; town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, named for one of the first settlers. Col. Joseph Senter. Central; town in Pickens County, South Carolina, so named because of its geograph- ical situation in county or State. Twenty-eight other places, with and without suffixes, are so called. Central City; town in Huntington County, West Virginia, so named l^ecause it is nearly halfway between Guyandotte and Catlettsburg. Central Lake; village in Antrim County, Michigan, situated on a lake which is in the center of a chain of lakes and rivers in the county. Ceredo; village in Wayne County, West Virginia, named by its founder because of the bountiful harvest of corn upon its site. The name is derived from Ceres, the goddess of corn and harvests. Cerrillos; town in Santa Fe County, New Mexico. A Spanish woi'd meaning "little eminences, or hills." Cerro Colorado; a conical hill of reddish color in Colorado. The name was given l)y the Mexicans, and means "red hill." Cerro Gordo; village in Piatt County, Illinois; county in Iowa; and village in Columbus County, North Carolina, named from the Mexican Imttlefield. The words mean "large (around) hill." Ceylon; village in Erie County, Ohio, and five other jilaces, named from the island off the coast of India. Chadbourn; town in Columbus County, North Carolina, named for a prominent business man of Wilmington, North Carolina. Chadds Ford; village in Chester County, Pennsylvania, named for the ])ro])rietor, Francis Chadsej'. Chadron; city in Dawes County, Nebraska, named for an old French squawman. Chaffee; county in Colorado, named for Jerome I>, C^haffee. United States Senator. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 67 Chaffin; bluff in Virginia, named for tlie family who owned it. Chagrin; river in Ohio. Two different theories obtain in regard to tliis name, one being that a party of surveyorw under Harvey Rice, fenjamiii Chand)ers. Champaig-n; counties in Illinois and Ohio, and city in tlie former State, so called from the general character of the country. A French word, meaning " a flat, open country." Champion; town in Jefferson County, New York, named for (ien. Henry Cham- pion, an early proprietor. Champlain; lake and town in Clinton County, New York, named for the discov- erer of the lake, Samuel de Champlain, a French naval othcer, who explored that country in 1609. Chancellorsville; village in Spottsylvania County, Virginia, nameil for a family in the neighborhood. Chandeleur; bay and islands on the coast of Louisiana, so named })ecause they were discovered on Candlemas or Chandeleur day. Chandlerville; village in Cass County, Illinois, named for Dr. Charles C -handler, founder. Chaney; creek in Mississippi, named for Robert Chaney, an early settler in Perry County. Chanhassan; river in Minnesota and North Dakota. Indian name, "pale bark wood, sugar tree." Chanhassen; village in Carver County, INlinnesota. Indian word, meaning "tire- stone." Chankie; creek in South Dakota. Cones says it is clii)ped from Tschehkana- kasahtapah, "breech clout." Haines gives chanka, " tirestone,"^ so named from a very hard rock of vitritied sandstone found near its moutli. Chanlers; purchase in Coos County, New Hampshire, named for Jeremiah Chanler, early owner. Chanopa; lake in Minnesota. Indian word, meaning "two wood." Chanshayapi; river in Minnesota. Indian word, meaning "red wood, or a post painted red." Chanute; city in Neosho County, Kansas, named for O. Cliamite, civil engineer with the Leavenworth, Lawrence and (ialveston Railroad. Chapa; river in Minnesota. Indian word, meaning "beaver." Chapel Hill; town in Orange County, North Carolina, named from a colonial chapel of the Church of England, built on a hill. Chapin; town in Lexington County, South Carolina, named for a family of that name. Chapman; borough in Snyder County, Pennsylvania, named feen built on the site of four houses occupieil by the wives of an Osage chief. Chewaukan; marsh in Oregon. Indian word, meaning " water potato." Cheyenne; counties in Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska, mountain in Colorado, rivers in Nebraska and South Dakota, city in Laramie County, Wyoming, and several small places, named for the Indian tribe. The word is probably a corruption of the French, chien, " dog," applied by some neighboring tribes to those at present known as Cheyennes. It was the custom for Indians to call themselves by the name which signified "men," and to call neighboring tribes by some opprobrious epithet. The word was doubtless introduced by the early French traders. Chicacomico ; creek on the eastern shore of Maryland. An Indian word, meaning "the place where turkeys are plenty." Chicago; city and river in Illinois. The origin of the word is from the Indian, being a derivation by elision and French annotation from the word Chi-kaug-ong. Col. Samuel A. Starrow used the name in a letter to Gen. Jacob Brown, in 1816, asfollows: "The river Chicago (orin the English, "Wild Onion River)." School- craft in 1820 said: " Its banks * * * stated to produce abundantly * * * the wild sjjecies of cepa or leek." Bishop Baraga gives: "From Chicag, or Sikag, "skunk," a kind of wild cat." John Turner defines skunk as she-gahg; onion, she-gau-ga-winzhe, "skunk weed." When the word first appeared the country was inhabited by a tribe of Miamis, in whose dialect the word for skunk was "se-kaw-kwaw." It is said that the wild cat, or skunk, was named from the plant. Chicamauga; creek and town in Walker County, Georgia, named from an Indian tribe. The word by some is said to mean "sluggish or dead water," or "ttie river of death; " by others it is thought to signify " boiling pot," so called from a whirlpool in the river. Chichester; town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, and village in Ulster County, New York, named from the city in England. Chickahominy; river in Virginia, \vhich according to De Vere is named from the Indian word, Checahaminend, " land of much grain," so called because it flows through fertile lowlands. Heckewelder, however, says that it is corrupted from Tschikene-mahoni, "a lick frequented by turkeys." Chickasaw; county and township in Iowa, county in Mississippi, and nation in Indian Territory, named from the Indian tribe. According to Edward Fon- taine, the tribe divided on account of a feud, and one part took the name of one brother, Chickasaw, and the other took the name of the other brother, Choctaw. The word is said to mean "rebels," or "renegades." Chickasha; town in Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory. The name is derived from the word Chickasaw. Chickies; creek and village in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Name derived from the Indian Chikiswalungo, " Place of crabs." Heckewelder says the mean- ing is " the place of crawfish." 72 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [buix. 197. Chickisalung'a; creek in Pennsylvania. Indian word, derived from Chickiswalunga, "the place of crawfish," or "the place of cra})s or crab fish." Chickomuxen; creek in Maryland. An Indian word, meaning " fishing place at a weir." Chickwolnepy; creek in New Hampshire. Indian word, meaning "near great pond." Chico; city in Butte County, C'alifornia, situated on Chicfi Creek. A Spanisli word, meaning " little." Chicoriiico; creek in Connecticut. An Indian derivation from she, orche, "great," and komuk, or comaco, "house," or "inclosed place." Chicopee; river, city, and falls in Massachusetts. An Indian word, meaning "cedar tree," or "birch-l)ark place." Chicora; town in Berkeley County, South Carolina. From an Indian word, Ynchi- kere, meaning " Yuchi are there," or " Yuchi over there." Chicot; county in Arkansas; creek in New York. French word, meaning "wood;" a term also applied to a stub or broken piece of wood. Childress; county and town in Texas, named for George C. Childress, author of the Texas declaration of independence. Chilhowee; mountain ridge in Tennessee and village in Johnson County, Missouri. Indian word, meaning "deer mountain," or by some thought to mean "tire deer," an allusion to the custom of the Indians hunting by fire, by which the deer were blinded and easily killed. Chillicothe; cities in Ohio and Illinois, and towns in Wapello County, Iowa, and Livingston County, Missouri, named from an Indian tribe. The word is said to mean "town," or "city." Chillisquaque ; creek and village in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning "the place of snowbirds." Chilmark; town in Dukes Ceunty, Massachusetts, named from the town in England. Chilson; lake and village in Essex County, New York, named for a family of early settlers. Chilton; county and village in Clarke County, Alabama, named for William P. Chilton, of that. State. Chilton; city in Calumet County, Wisconsin, named Chillington, the home of an early settler, for Chillington Hall, England, but the county clerk in recording the name, omitted the second syllable, hence Chilton. Chimney Rock; town in Rutherford County, North Carolina, named from nearby cliffs, which bear a likeness to coUossal chimneys. Chinook; village in Pacific County, Washington, named from a tribe of Indians. Chinquapin; town in Duplin County, North Carolina. The name is the Indian name for "nut," or "small chestnut." Chippewa; river in Michigan and counties in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, named from~an Indian tribe. The word, according to some authorities, means "puckered moccasins." Other explanations are "he overcomes," or "he sur- mounts obstacles." Chisag-o; county in Minnesota. An Indian word, po.ssibly from the same source as Chicago. Chissesessick; rivers in Virginia and Georgia. An Indian word, meaning "the place of blue birds." Chittenango; creek and village in Madison County, New York. Morgan says it is an Indian word, meaning "where the sun shines out;" other autiiorities trans- late it "waters divide and run into." Chittenden; county in Vermont, named for Thomas Chittenden, governor of the State in 1790-97. Chittenden; peak in Yellowstone Park, named for George B. Chittenden. GANNETT] PLACE NAMES TN THE UNITED STATES. 73 Chivington ; villaijo in Kiowa County, Colorado, near the l)attle ^jronnd wliere General Chivington defeated the Cheyenne Indians. Chocoma; peak in the White M()untain8, New Hampshire, said to be named for a prophet-chief of the Sosokis Indians, who, being pursued to this lofty peak l)y a white hunter, leaped over the precipice and was dashed to pieces. Choctaw; counties in Alabama and Mississippi, and nation in Indian Territory, also several small places, named for an Indian ti-ibe. (latsi'liet says the word means "Hat head." Dromenech gives "charming voice," because of the aj)titude of the tribe for singing and music. ChoctaAvhatchee ; l)ay and river in Floi-ida. Indian word, meaning "river of the Choctaws." Chohwajica; lake in Minnesota. Indian word, meaning "willow." Chokin; lake in Minnesota. Indian word, meaning "place of roasting," the lake probably having been so named because the Dakota Indians roasted the teep- winna root, which they used for food, on the shore of the lake. Chokio; village in Stevens County, Minnesota. Indian word, meaning "the middle." Chokoloskee; town in Lee County, Florida. The named is derived from the Indian word, chokoliska, meaning "the red houses." Choteau; county and township in Teton County, Montana, and county in South Dakota, named for the Chouteau family, two brothers of which, Auguste and Pierre, founded St. Louis. Chouptyatanka; lake in Minnesota. Indian word, meaning "big dry wood." Chowan; river and county in North Carolina, named from the Chowanoke Indian tribe. The word is thought to be equivalent to Shawnee, " southern people." One authority derives the word from sowan-ohke, "south country." Christian; county in Kentucky, named for Col. "William Christian, an officer of the Revolution. Christian; counties in Illinois and Missouri, named from the county in Kentucky. Christiana; creek and village in Delaware, and borough in Lancaster County, Penn- sylvania, named for the King and Queen of Sweden, Christian and Christiana. Chuctanunda; stream in Montg. Cloquet; town in Carlton County, Minnesota, so named from the mills there. A French word, meaning "sound of the mill." Cloud; county in Kansas, named for William F. Cloud, colonel Second Regiment of Kansas. Clymer; village in Cass County, Indiana, named for George Clymer, its founder. Clymer; town in Chautauqua County, New York, named lor George Clymer, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Coahoma; county and town m Mississippi. An Indian word, meaning "red pan- ther." Coast; range of mountains in Oregon, so named because lying parallel with the Pacific coast. Coatesville; borough in Chester County, Pennsylvania, named for Moses Coates, one of the early settlers. GANNETT.! PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 77 Cobalt; villajro in ^liddlesex County, Coimecticut, so nanu>(l from mines of cobalt there. Cobb; county in Georjjia, named for Thomas W. Cobb, United States Senator from that State. Cobbosseecontee; river and lake in Maine. An Indian word, meaning " i)la('e where sturjreim are taken." Cobden; village in Union County, Illinois, named for Richard Colulen. Cobleskill; creek and town in Schoharie County, New York, named for C'obel, an early mill owner. Cobscook; arm of Passamaquoddy Bay, Maine. Hubbard derives it from the name of the Indian tribe, Passamaquoddy, which he says signifies "falls or rough water." Other derivations are Kabassak-hige, "sturgeon-catching place," and "a small, muddy stream." Cocalico; creek in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Corrupted from Achgookwalico, "where snakes gather together in holes." Cochecalechee; tributary of the Chattahooi-hee, in Georgia. An Indian word meaning "broken arrow." Cocheco; river in New Hampshire. An Indian word meaning "rapid or violent." Cochecton; town in Sullivan County, New York. An Indian word meaning, according to Haines, "low ground;" others say "finished small harbor." Cochituate; village in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. An Indian word meaning "land on, or near, rapid streams or falls." Cochran; county in Texas, named for a man who fell at the Alamo. Cocke ; county in Tennessee, named for Gen. William Cocke, United States Senator from that State in 1796-97 and 1799-1805. Cock Robin; island in California, settled by a man named Robin, who, because of his bragging of his fighting qualities, was nicknamed "C'ock Robin." Coconino; county in Arizona, named fronx a band of A pache Indiaii s. Cocoosing-; creeks in Connecticut an^ Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning "where owls are." Cod; cape in Massachusetts, which received its name from Bartholomew Gosnold, who caught many codfish there. Codington; county in South Dakota, named for Rev. R. B. Codington, legislator in 1875. Codornices; creek in California. Derived from the Spanish, codorniz, "quail." Codorus; creek in York County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, said to mean ' ' rapid water. ' ' Coeur d'Alene; lake and town in Kootenai County, Idaho; named from a tribe of Indians. French name, meaning "needle hearts" or "awl hearts." Some authorities say that this name was given to these Indians because the expres- sion was used by a chief of the tribe to denote his opinion of the Canadian trap- pers' meanness. Rev. M. Eells says that the name was given to the tribe by members of the Hudson Bay Company, because of their sharpness in trade. Coeyman; town in Albany County, New York, named for the patenteee, Barent Peterse Coeymans. (Coffee; counties in Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee; Coffeeville; town in Yalobusha County, Mississippi. Named for Gen. John Coffee, I noted Indian tighter. CoflFee; creek in Humboldt County, California, so named from tlie occasion of a sack of coffee having been spilled into it. ICoflFey; county in Kansas; Coffeyville; city in Montgomery County, Kansas. Named for A. M. Coffey, mem- ber of the first Kansas territorial legislature. Cohasset; town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts. An Indian word, said l)y some to mean " a fishing promontory," "a place of pines," or " young pine trees." 78 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Cohocton; town in Steuben County, New York. From an Indian word, cohocta, "uteani rising in a black alder swamp with overhanging trees," or "trees in water." echoes; city in Albany County, New York, named from Cohoes falls. An Indian word, meaning "shipwrecked canoe;" also said to signify "great bendings." Cokato; village in Wright County, Minnesota. An Indian word, meaning "at the middle." Coke; county and village in Wood County, Texas, named for Richard t'oke, gov- ernor and United States Senator from Texas. Cokesbury; town in Greenwood County, South Carolina. The name is formed by the combination of the names of two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Thomas Coke and Francis AsVjury. Colbert; county in Alabama, named for George and Levi Colbert. Colby; city in Thomas County, Kansas, named for J. R. Colby, one of the old settlers. Colby; city in C'lark and Marathon counties, Wisconsin, named for Charles Colby, president of the Wisconsin Central Railroaaltimore and Ohio Railroad. Coweta; county in Georgia, named for Gen. William Mcintosh, head chief of the Coweta towns, a half-breed Indian. Cowhocton; river in New York. Indian word meaning "login the water." Cowles; town in Webster County, Nebraska, named for W. D. Cowles, railroad man. Cowley; county in Kansas, named for Matthew Cowley, first lieutenant Company I, Ninth Kansas. Cowlitz; county and river in Washington, named from the Indian tribe Coweliske. Cowpens; village in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, made famous by a battle fought there during the Revolution. It received its name from a herd of cattle kept there in early days. Cox; bar in California, named for an old settler. Cox; creek in Florida, named for a man who lived on its banks. Coxsackie; town in Greene County, New York. The name is derived from the Indian kuk, "to cut," and auke, "earth," descriptive of the ridge cut and tumbled in by the waters of the Hudson pressing hard on the shore. Another theory derives the name from an Indian word meaning " liooting of owls." Coyote; village in Santa Clara County, California, and town in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. The word, in the dialect of the Cushina and other tribes inhabit- ing the upper portions of Sacramento Valley, means a species of dog. It is also derived from the Mexican coyotl, "prairie wolf." Cozad; town in Dawson County, Nebraska, named for the original owner of the site, John J. Cozad. Crab Grass; creek in Florida, so called from a species of grass jilentiful along its l)ariks. Crabtree; town yi Linn County, Oregon, named for John J. Crabtree, early settler. Craftsbury; town in Orleans County, Vermont, named for Ebenezer Crafts, one of the original grantees. Craig; village in Routt County, Colorado, named for Rev. Bayard Craig, of Denver. Craig; county and creek in Virginia, which took their name from a prominent family of Augusta C(junty. Craig; pass in Yellowstone Park, named for Mrs. Ida Craig Wilcox, the first tourist to cross the pass. Craighead; county in Arkansas, named for Thomas B. Craighead, of the State senate. Cranberry; islands in Hancock County, Maine, named so from a marsh of cran- berries on the largest island. Cranberry Isles; town in Hancock County, Maine, named from the islands. Crane; county in Texas, named for William Carey Crane, Baptist minister. Cranesville; xiliage in Erie County, Pennsylvania, named for its founder. Fowler C'rane. Cranston; town in Providence County, Rhode Island, named for Samuel Cranston, governor of the State for nearly thirty years. OANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE TTNITED STATES. 85 Crater; buttes in Llalio, so iiaiiu'd from tlieir volcanic origin. Crater; iais:e in Oregon, so named lu'canse it, occupies tliecrater of a former volcano. Craven; county in North C-arolina, named for William, Earl of Craven, a lord proprietor. Crawford; county in Kansas, named for Sanuiel J. Crawford, colonel Second Kansas Regiment, and governor in 1865-69. Crawford; counties in Indiana, Mi0 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Cuyahoga; river and county in Ohio; Cuyahoga Falls; village in Summit County, Ohio, situated at falls on al)ove river. The name is derived by some from Cayahaga, "crooked," but Atwater derives it from Cuyahogan-uk, " lake river." Cynthiana; city in Harrison County, Kentucky, named for the two daughters of the original projirietors, Cynthia and Anna Harris. Cypress; island in Washington; so named by Vancouver's party, from the alxin- dance of that species of tree found there. Cyr; plantation in Aroostook County, Maine, named for a family numerous in that section. Dade; county and city in Pasco County, Florida, and counties in Georgia and Missouri; ] Dadeville; town in Tallapoosa County, Alabama. Named for Maj. Francis L. Dade, [ of the Seminole war. Dagget; pond in Maine, named for an early settler. Daggett; village in Owen County, Indiana, named for Charles Daggett, a prominent resident. Dagsboro; town in Sussex County, Delaware, named for Sir John Dagworthy. Dahlonega; towns in Lumpkin County, Georgia, and Wapello County, Iowa. An Indian name, meaning "yellow dollar," or "place of gold." Dakota; two States — North and South Dakota — counties in Nebraska and Minne- sota, and several small jilaces, named for the Indian tribe. The name was origi- nallj' spelled Lahkota or Dacorta, which means "friend," "ally," " leagued or united people," or "allied nation," the common name of the confederate Sioux tribes. Dale; county in Alabama, named for Gen. Samuel Dale of that State. Dallam; county in Texas, named for James W. Dallam, lawyer who made the first anes fn)ni ^Milwaukee, AVisconsin. Dannemora; town in Clinton County, New York, named from the celebrated iron region in Sweden. Dansville; village in Ingham County, Michigan, named for Daniel L. Grossman, a resident. Dansville; town in Steuben County, and village in Livingston County, New York, named for Daniel P. Faulkner, who laid the village out. Danube; town in Herkimer County, New York, named from the river in Austria. Danvers; town in Essex County, Massachusetts, said to have received its name from the Eai-1 D'Anvers, but Nasou says it is said to have received its name in honor of Sir Danvers Osborn, governor of New York in 1753. Danville; town in Hendricks County, Indiana, named for Daniel Bales, proprietor. Danville; city in Boyle County, Kentucky, named for its founder. Walker Daniel. Danville; village in Montgomery County, Mis.«ouri, built on land whicli formerly belonged to Daniel M. Boone, son of Daniel Boone. Danville; borough in Montour County, Pennsylvania, names Duane, proprietor and lirst settler. Duanesburg; town in Schenectady County, New York. French says that it was named for James Duane, principal proprietor. Cordon says it was named for Judge Duane. Dublin; city in Laurens County, Georgia, named from the city in Ireland. Several other places are named from the same. Dubois; county in Indiana, named for Toussaint Du)j(jis, who had charge of the guides and spies in the Tippecanoe campaign. Dubois; borough in Pennsylvania, named for its founder, John Dubois. Dubuque; county and city in Iowa, named for a French trader, Julien Dubucjue. Duck Hill; town in Montgomery County, Mississippi, named from a hill near the town where ducks were plentiful in early days. Dudley; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, named f(jr two Ijrothers, Paul and William Dudley, who were among the first proprietors. Dufur; village in Wasco County, Oregon, named for an old settler. Dukes; county in Massachusetts, so named because it was under the govermuent of the Duke of York, afterwards James II. Duluth; city in Minnesota, named for Sieur Daniel Graysplied to the town. Dunkirk; city in Chautauqua County, New York, named indirectly from the town in France. Dunklin; county in Missouri, named for Daniel Dunklin, governor of Missouri in 1832-1836. Dunlap; town in Harrison County, Iowa, named for llie superintendent of the Chi- cago and Northwestern Railway. Dunlap; city in Morris County, Kansas, named for Joseph Dunlap, a trader among the Indians and founder of the town. Dunlapsville ; town in Union County, Indiana, laid out ))y John Duidap, one of the first settlers. Dunmore; lake in Vermont, named by the Karl of DuuniDre. who waded into it and formally christened it for himself. Dunmore; town in Pocahontas County, West Virginia, named for John (Lord) Dun- more, governor of Virginia, 1772-1776. Dunn; town in Harnett County, North Carolina, named for a resident. Dunn; county in Wisconsin, named for Charles Duiui, first chief justice of the Territory. Dunnsville; town in Albany County, New York, named for Christopher Dunn, original owner. Dunraven; peak in Yellowstone Park, named for the lilarl of Dunraven. Dunstable; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. The history of the town states that it was named for the mother of one of the i)etitioners, Mary Tyng, but there is no record of her maiden name or birthplace. There is, however, record of a large family by the name of Long, who came fnjm Dunstable, Eng- land, in 1635. This fact gives a direct connection, and it is probable that the town took its name from the English town. Dupag-e; county in Illinois, named for a river which tiows through the county. The origin of the name of the river is unknown. Duplin; county in North Carolina, named for Lord l)ui)lin, or I)ui)plin, of the board of trade. Duquesne; l)orough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, named from old Fort Du(juesne, which was named for a distinguished French officer. Duquoin; city in Perry County, Illinois, said to have been named for an Indian chief of the Kaskaskia tri])e. Durand; village in Shiawassee County, INIichigan, named for George H. Durand, of Flint, Michigan, member of Congress. Durand; city in Pepin County, Wisconsin, named ior Miles Durand Prindle, an early settler. Durant; town in C'edar County, Iowa, named for Thomas Durant. Durants; neck of land in Peniuimans County, North Carolina, granted to George Durant in 1662. Durham; town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, named from the town in England. Durham; town in Androscoggin County, Maine, named from the former residence of the royal family, early settlers. Durham; county and town in North Carolina, named for Dr. Durham, owner of the town site of Durham. Dushore; borough in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, named for its founder, the name l)eing a corruption of Dupetit-Thouars. Duston; island in New Haini)shire, named for an early settler. Dutchess; county in New York, named for Mary of Modena, Duchess of York. Previous to the appearance of Johnson's Dictionary the title of the wife of a, duke Avas spelled with a "t;" hence the name of the county is so spelled, GANNETT.] TLACE NAMES IN" THE UNITED STATES. 99 Dutton; mount, in Utali, named ])y Powell for Maj. (■. Vj. l)uttiiii. Duval; (.■omity in Florida, named for William P. Duval, Tcnitniial i^nvcrnor in 1822-1 8;?4." Duval; county in Texas, named fi>r the Duval family, prominent in the State. One member, Burr 11. Duval, fell in Faimin's mas,sacr(>. Duwamish; river in Washington, named from an Indian trilie. Duxbury; town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, settled l»y ^Nliles Standish. It is said to have received its name from the seat of the Standish family in England, Duxlmry Hall. Dvright; village in Hampshire County. Massachusetts, named for the Dwight fannly, prominent early settlers. Dycusburg; village in Crittenden C-ounty, Kentucky, named for William K. Dycus, its founder. I Dyer; county in Tennessee; Dyersburg; city in Tennessee. Named for Col. Henry Dyer, who fell at tlie battle of New Orleans. Dyersville; town in Dubuqiie County, Iowa, named for a former owner, James Dyer. Dyerville; town in Humboldt County, C-alifornia, named for a settler. Dysart; town in Tama County, Iowa, named for a tanind for J. P. Kddy, who established a po8t there at an early ilay. Eddyville; city in Lyon County, Kentucky, so named for (lie large eddies in the Cumberland River at this point. Eden; town in Hancock County, Maine, named pro])ably for llicliard Eden, an early English author. Eden; town in Concho County, Texas, named for Fred Ede, who owne(l the land. Edenton; town in Chowan County, North Carolina, named for Charles Eden, gov- ernor of the State in 1714-1722. Edg-ar; county in Illinois, named for (len. John Edgar, an early and distinguished ]noneer of the State. Edgecomb; town in Lincoln County, Maine, named for Lord Ivlgecombe, a friend of the American colonies. Edgecombe; county in North Carolina, named for Richard, I'.aron of Mount Edge- combe, of the board of trade. Edgefield; town and county in South Carolina, named, as Sinuns supposes, because of the geographical situation at the edge of the State. There is also a supposi- tion that the county derives its name from the fact that it l)orders on an older county. Edgerton; city in Johnson County, Kansas, named for Edgerton, the chief engineer of tlie Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. Edgerton; village in Williams County, Ohio, named for Alfred P. Edgerton. Edgerton; city in Rock County, Wisconsin, probal)ly named for E. W. Edgerton, an early settler. Edina; city in Knox County, Missouri. A poetical name given to Pxlinburgh. Edinburg; nine post-offices in the United States are named for the Scottish town. Edison; village in INIorrow County, Ohio, named for Thomas A. Edison. Edisto; river and island in South Carolina, named from an Indian tribe; the tribe was also known as "Crista." Edmeston; town in Otsego County, New York, named for Robert Edmeston, an early pioneer. Edmonson; county of Kentucky, named for Capt. Jack Edmonson, who fell at the l)attle of Raisin River. Edmunds; county in South Dakota, named in honor of Newton Edmunds, gov- ernor in 1863. Edna; city in Labette County, Kansas, named for a child, EdnaGragery, in 187C. Edwards; county in Illinois, named for Ninian Edwards, governor of Illinois Ter- ritory in 1809. Edwards; county in Kansas, named for W. C. Edwards, of Ilutcliinson, first set- tler, who took active part in its organization. Edwards; town in Hinds County, Mississippi, named for Dick Edwards, owner and proprietor of the Edwards House, Jackson, Mississippi. Edwards; town in St. Lawrence County, New York, named for Edward McCor- mack, brother of the founder. 102 PLACE NAMES IN THK UNITED STATES. lbui.l. 197. Edwards; town in Beaufort County, North Carolina, named for a jiroininent family of the neighhorhood. Edwards; Cdunty in Texas, named for Harden Edwards, who estaVjlished, under grant from the Mexican Government, a colony at Nacogdoches in 1825. Edwardsport; village in Knox County, Indiana, named for Edwards AVilkins. Edwardsville; city in Madison County, Illinois, named for Ninian Edwards, Terri- torial governor in 1809. Edwardsville; village in St. Lawrence County, New York, named for Jonathan S. Edwards, the first postmaster. Eel; river iia California, named fi'om the Indian word Wisliosk, "eel river," so called ])ecause of its crookedness. Eel; river in Indiana, called l)y the Indians Shoamaque, "slippery fish." The Indiana State Historical Geology, 1882, gives the Indian name as Ke-wa-be- gwinn-maig, and the meaning "snake-fish-river." Effingham; county in Georgia, named for Lord Effingham. Effing-ham; county and city in Illinois. The city was named for the county which, in tui'n, was named for Gen. Edward Effingham. Effingham; city in Atchison County, Kansas, named for Effingham Nichols, of Boston, a promoter of the Central Branch, Union Pacific Railroad. Egbertsville; village in Richmond County, New York, named for James Egberts- ville, a former resident. Egg Harbor; township anil city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, bordering on the ocean and Great Egg Harboi- Bay. It was so called because of the number of gull's eggs found near the bay. Egremont; town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, supposed to have received its name from Charles AVyndham, Earl of Egremont, ^vlio was secretarj- of state in 1671. Egypt; fourteen places of the Ignited States are named for the ancient country in Africa. Ehrenberg; town in Yuma County, Arizona, founded in 1856 by Herman Ehren- 1 )erg. Ehrhardt; town in Bamberg County, South Carolina, named for a ]>rominent family. Elba; there are 16 places of this name in the United States, most of which were named for the island in the ]\Iediterranean. Elbert; county and peak in Colorado, named for Samuel W. Elbert, governor of the Territory in 1873-74. f Elbert; county in Cieorgia; I Elberton; city in the above county. Named for Samuel ElViert, formerly a governor [ of the State. Elbow; lake in Maine, so called l)ecause of its sliape. Elbridge; town in Onondaga County, New York, prol)ably named after Elbridge Gerry, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. El Capitan; cliff in the Yosemite Yalley, California. The name is Spanish, meaning "the captain." (Eldora; city in Hardin County, Iowa. A corruption of the Sjtanish word El Dorado, I meaning " the golden or gilded land." I Eldorado; city in Butler County, Kansas, and the first county in California in which I gold was discovered. See Eldora. Electric; peak in Yellowstone Park, named by Mr. Henry Gannett, United States geographer, on account of a severe electrical storm encountered there. Eleven Mile; creek in Genesee County, New York, so called because it crosses the Buffalo roa.d 11 miles from Buffalo. Elgin; city in Kane County, Illinois, named for the Earl of Elgin. fiANNETT.l PLACE NAMKS IN THK UNITED STATES. 108 Elizabeth; caite iu ■Maine, and u'i'"iii> of inlandi^ in ^Mafisachusetts, nanitnl in honor of (^lu'cn I]li/,al)t'tli of Enjiland. Tiiis word, either aloneth of I'Ingland. Elizabethtown; town in Dartholomew County, Indiana, named for Elizabeth Dranham, the wife of the founder. Elizabethtown; town in lUaden C-ounty, North Carolina, named for the wife of Lord Carteret, Elizabeth. Elk; this word, either alone or as a prefix, forms the name of (v! places in the United States, niostof them doulitless j^nven on account of the nmneT'onselk which made their home there. Elk Falls; town in Elk County, Kansas, receives its name from a waterfall in Elk Iviver, near the site of the town. Elk Garden; town in Mineral County, West Virg'inia, so named by Senator Davis, Ijecause of the former abundance of elk. Elkhart; county ami city in Indiana, which take their name from tiie river. Elkhart; village in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, nametl from the lake, which at this point reseml)les an elk's heart. Elkhorn; village in Douglas County, Nebraska, named for the river. Elkhorn; city in Walworth County, Wisconsin. This city is named fi-om the prairie, Elkhorn, which was name. Elkins. Elko; county in Nevada. The origin of this name is not certain, for according to some it is an Indian word, and according to others was so named on account of the abundance of elk found there. Elk Park; village in ]\Iitchell County, North Carolina, so named because of the number of elk killed there. Elkton; village in Huron County, Michigan, named by an early settler, Martin Baker, who saw two large elk there when the iirst building was erected. Ellen; mountain in Utah, named by J. W. Powell, United States Geological Survey, fismarck. Emory; town in Washington County, Virginia, named from Emory and Henry College, which is situated there and which received i)art of its name from Bishoj) Emory. Empire; city in Cherokee County, Kansas, so named by the founder, S. L. Cheney, on account of the town topping a ridge. I Emporia; city in Lyon County, Kansas; Emporium; borough in Cameron County, Pennsylvania. A Latii. word, meaning "center of trade." Emuckfaw; village in Tallapoosa County, Alal)ama. An Indian word, meaning "horseshoe bend." Enfield; town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, named, according to Dr. J. G. Holland, for Robert Field. Enfield; towns in Grafton County, New Hampshire, and in Halifax County, North Carolina, named from the birthplace of John Wesley in England. Eng-elmann; canyon and peak in Colorado, named for the botanist. Englewood; city in Bergen County, New Jersey, named from the English "wood ingle," a woody nook or corner. Englund; village in Marshall County, Minnesota, named for its first postmaster. Enno; town in Wake County, North Carolina, named for an Indian tribe. Enon; village in Clark County, Ohio, named for the place in Palestine where John was baptized. Enoree; river in South Carolina, named for an Indian tribe. Enosburg; town in Franklin County, Vermont, named for Roger Enos, to whom the land was originally granted. Enterprise; this name is given to about 25 places in the United States to denote their policy. Enterprise; city in Dickinson County, Kansas, named by the son of one of the proprietors. IEphrata; town in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania; Ephratah; town in Fulton County, New York. Named for the ancient city of Palestine. Eppes; creek and island in the James River, Charles City County, Virginia, named for Dr. Ep23es, the owner. Epping; town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, named from the town in Essex, England. Epsom; village in Daviess County, Indiana, so named because of a well near by which contains water much resembling epsom salts in taste. Epsom; town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, named for the town in Surrey, England. Epworth; town in Dubuque C'ounty, Iowa, named from, the town in Lincolnshire, England. Equinunk; villages in Delaware County, New York, and Wayne County, Pennsyl- vania. An Indian word, meaning "place where clothing is distri))uted." Erath; county in Texas, named for an early settler and Indian fighter, George B. Erath. 106 PLACK NAMES IN THP: UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Erie; one of the Great Lakes, drained by the St. Lawrence, is an Indian word, which, in the form of "Erige" or "Erilke," was tlie name of a now extinct Lidian tribe of the Ilurons, exterminated by the Iroquois, tlie word signifying "cat" or " wild-cat; " anotlier authority gives the meaning as "mad." Erie; city in Neosho County, Kansas, named from a small lake near l)y, of that name. JErie; counties in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, and city in Pennsylvania; (Erieville; village in Madison County, New York. Named from the lake Erin; the name of numerous towns and villages in the United States, named from the ancient name of Ireland. Errol; town in Coos County, New Hampshire, named for a imrish in Scotland. Erskine; village in Passaic. County, New Jersey, named for a parish in Scotland. Erving; town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, named for the man who owned "Krvings Grant," in early days. Erwin; town in Steuben County, New York, named for Col. Arthur Erwin of Penn- sylvania. Escambia; county and river in Alabama, and county and river in Florida, the coun- ties having been named from the rivers, which are suj^posed to be named from the Spanish word, cambiar, meaning "barter or exchange." Escanaba; river and city in Delta County, Michigan, the city taking its name from the river. According to Haines, an Indian word meaning "flat rock," l)ut according to other authorities, means a "young male quadruped." Eschsch.oltz ; inlet of Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, named for J. F. Eschscholtz, the naturalist. Escoheag; town in Kent County, Rhode Island. An Indian word, supposed to • mean "origin of three rivers." Escondido; city in San Diego County, California. A Spanish word meaning "hid- . Farwell,an ofticer of the old Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad. Faulk; county in South Dakota, named for Andrew J. Faulk, governor from ISdf) to 1.S6!). Faulkner; county and village in Arkansas, named for Sandy Faulkner, the real " Arkansas Traveller." [Fauquier; county in Virginia; (Fauquier Springs; village in above county. Named for Francis Fauquier, governor of the State. Fausse Riviere; village in Louisiana, so called because it is situated on what was formerly the bed of the Mississippi River. Many years ago the river wore through an isthmus and left its former bed dry for a distance of atjout 30 miles. A French name, meaning "false river." Faustburg; village in South Carolina, named for the Urst settler. Fayette; counties in Alalxima, Georgia, Illinois, IndLina, Iowa, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia, and many places through- out the country, named for the Marquis de la Fayette. The name is also seen with suffixes, such as " ville" and "corner." Fear; cape and river in North Carolina. Sir Richard (irenville narrowly escaped being wrecked near the cape, in consequence of whicli he so named it. Feather; river in California. A translation of the early Spanish name, Plumas. February; village in Washington County, Tennessee, named for a resident of the place. Federal; name given to several places in the country, in reference to the national form of governinent. Federalsburg; village in Caroline County, Maryland, so named because settled l)y persons from the Northern States. Felix; townships in Grundy counties, Illinois and Iowa, named for Felix Grundy, Senator from Tennessee. Fells; point in Maryland named for the purchaser, a ship carpenter, William Fell. Felts Mills; village in Jefferson County, New York, named for 'John Felt, early proprietor. Fence; rivers in Wisconsin and Michigan. A translation of the Indian word, mitch- igan, a wooden fence constructed near its lianks l)y the Indians for catching deer. Fenner; town in Madison County, New York, named for Governor Fenner, of Rhode Island. Fennimore; village in Grant County, Wisconsin, named for a 'settler who disap- peared during the Black Hawk war. Fennville; village in Allegan County, Michigan, named for a hnnberman, Elam Fenner, who founded the village. Fenton; village in Genesee County, Michigan, named for Colonel Fenton, who owned a large tract of land on the present site. Fentonville; village in Chautaucjua County, New York, named for Reuben Eaton Fenton, governor of the State in 1865-1869. Fentress; county in Tennessee, named for James Fentress, mend)erof a conmiission appointed to fix upon a place for the seat of justice for Shelt)y County. Fergus; county in Montana, named for James Fergus, a i)iont«r of the State. Fergusonville; village in Delaware County, New York, named for the Ferguson brothers, who were largely engaged in business there. Fermanagh; township in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, named for a county in Ireland. 110 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Fern; name nseil with various suftixes, generally given ])ecau8e of the presence of the i)lant. Eighteen places bear this name, some with suffixes, such as "dale," "bank," and "ridge." Fernandina; city in Nassau County, Florida, named for a Spaniard, Fernandez. Ferrisburg; town in Addison County, Vermont, named for Benjamin Ferris, wl?o applied for a charter in 1762. Ferry; county in Washington, named for Elisha P. Ferry, governor of the Territory. Fetterman; town in Taylor County, AVest Virginia, named for a resident of Pitts- burg, Pennsylvania, who owned the land. Fever; river in Illinois, named by the early French, La Riviere de Feve, " the river of the bean," because of the immense quantity of wild beans upon its l)anks. The name was corrupted to Fievre, "fever," which gave rise to the impression that the place was unhealthy. Fidalgo; island and village in Skagit County, Washington, and harbor in Alaska, named for the Spanish explorer. Fields Landing; village in Humboldt County, California, named for a settler. Fifty Eight; village in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, named so because it is 58 miles from Charleston. Fillmore; mount in California, named for a naval officer. Fillmore; counties in ^linnesota and Nebraska, and many places in the country named for Millard Fillmore, President of the United States. Fillmore; station in Wyoming, named for a superintendent of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Fincastle; town in P>otetourt County, Virginia, and several other places directly or indirectly named for (Governor Lord Dunmore and his son George, Lord Fin- castle. Findlay; city in Hancock County, Ohio, named from Fort Findlay, built by Col. James Findlay, of Cincinnati. Findley; township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, named for William Pindley, governor of tiie State in 1817-1820. Fine; town in St. Lawrence County, New York, named for John Fine, the principal proprietor. Finney; county in Kansas, named for Uavid AV. Finney, lieutenant-governor in 1881-1885. Fire; hill in Humboldt County, California, so named because in early days it was used as a station from which to signal with fire. Fire; creek in Missouri, originally called Fire-prairie Creek, l)ecause of the fires that swept over the prairies. Firehole; river in Yellowstone Park. The word "hole" was used l)y the early explorers to designate depressions among the mountains, while the first part of the name refers to the remarkable geyser region from which the river flows. Fisher; county and village in Texas, named for S. Rhodes Fisher, secretary of the navy in Houston's cabinet. Fishkill; town, village, creek, plains, and mountains in Dutchess County, New Y'ork, named by the early Dutch settlers, Vischkill, "fish creek." Fitchburg; city iii Worcester County, Massachusetts, named for John Fitch, one of the committee that procured the act of incorporation. Fithian; village in Vermilion County, Illinois, named for Dr. William Fithian. Fitzwilliam; town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, named for the Earl of Fitzwilliam. Five Corners; village in Miami County, Indiana, so named because it is at the junc- tion of several roads. Flackville; village in St. Lawrence County, New York, named for John P. Flack, first postmaster. fiANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. Ill Flagstaff; tnwii in Coconino County, Arizona, nanu'd from u pole set l>y a party of t'lnigrantn who camped near and celebrated the Fourtli of July. Flambeau; lakes, town, and river in Wisconsin. The lakes wcn^ so called on account of the torches used to catch tish at night. Flatbush; ])art of Brooklyn, New York, so named from wood^^ that tifcw £ Wisroiisiii. Fort Edward; town in Washington County, New York, named frf)ni an old fort l)nilt in 1709, named in honor of Edward, Dnke of York. Fort Fairfield; town in Aroontook County, Maine, named for an old fort which took its name from John Fairlield, who was governor of Maine for many years. Fort Fetterman; village in Albany County, Wyoming, named for Lieut. Col. W. J. Fetterman, killed by the Indians in 1SH(). Fort Gaines; town in Clay County, Georgia, named forCien. E. P. (laines. Fort Hall; part of an Indian reservation in Bingham County, Idaho, named from a foi't which was built by Caj)t. N. J. Wyeth and named for one of his partners. Fort Hamilton; village in Kings County, now a part of New York City, named for Alexander Hamilton. Fort Kent: town in Aroostook County, ]\Iaine, named from a fort which was named for (Jovernor Edward Kent, of ]Maine. Fort Keogh.; village in Custer County, ^Montana, named from a fort which took its name from Captain Keogh, who fell with General Custer. Fort Klamath; town in Klamath County, Oregon, named from an Indian tribe. Fort Leavenworth; town in Leavenworth County, Kansas, named for (ien. Henry Leavenworth, who erected the fort. Fort Lupton; town in Weld County, Colorado, named for an early settler on .\dobe Creek in 1840. Fort Madison; city in Lee County, Iowa, named for James Madison, President of tlie United States. Fort Morgan; town in Morgan County, Colorado, named for Col. C. A. Morgan. Fort Motte; town in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, named so because situ- ated upon the site of Motte's house, which was fortified l)y the British during the Revolution. Fort Myers; town in Lee County, Florida, tirst a military post, named for Capt. Abraham C. Myers. Fort Pierre; village in Stanley County, South Dakota, named for Pierre Choteau. Fort Plain; village in Montgomery County, New York, named from an old fortress erected on a plain at the junction of the Mohawk and Osquaga rivers. Fort Recovery; village in Mercer C'ounty, Ohio, named from an old fort built by (Jeneral Wayne. Fort Scott; city in Kansas, named for Gen. Winfield Scott. Fort Sheridan; village in Lake County, Illinois, named from the military post near, which was named for Gen. P. H. Sheridan. Fort Smith; town in Sebastian County, Arkansas, named for a fort built under the direction of General Smith, for whom it was named. Fort Wayne; city in Indiana, named from a fort built ])y Lieutenant-Colonel Ham- tramck in 1794, named for Gen. Anthony Wayne. Fort "Worth; city in Tarrant County, Texas, named for Genei'al Worth, prominent in the ^Mexican war. Fortyfort; thorough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, named from the old fort of Revolutionary days. Foster; county in North Dakota, named for Hon. George I. Foster, a pioneer, prominent in the' territorial legislature. Foster; town in Providence County, Rhode Island, named for Theodore Foster, United States Senator from that State. Fostoria; city in Seneca County, Ohio, named for Governor Charles Foster. Fountain; name given to many places, mostly because of spriixgs. Fountain; county in Indiana, named for Major Fountain, of Kentucky, killed at the battle of Maumee in 1790. , Bull. 197—02 8 114 PLACE NAMES JN THE UNITED STATES. [hull. 197. Four Oaks; town in Johnston C'onnty, North Carolina, named from four great oaks near. Fowler; village in Clinton County, IVIichigan, named for John N. Fowler. Fowler; town in 8t. Lawrence County, New York, named for Theodocius Fowler, former proprietor. Fowlerville; village in Living,st(jn County, INliehigan, named for Ralph Fowler, the first settler. Fowlerville; village in Livingston ('oimty, New York, mimed for AVells Fowler, iirst settler. Foxburg; village in Clarion C(junty, Pennsylvania, named for the original pro- prietor, H. M. Fox. Foxcroft; town in Piscataquis County, Maine, jiamed for Col. Joseph E. Foxcroft, of New Gloucester, an early proprietor. Fox Lake; village in Dodge County, Wisconsin, named from the Indian name of the Lake, Ilosh a rac ah ta-h, "fox." Frackville; borougli in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, named for Daniel Frack, one of the original settlers. Framboise; island in the Missouri Kiver. A French word, meaning "raspberry." Framingham; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. The name is evidently a corruption of Framlingham, Suffolk County, England. Francestown; town in llillsboro County, New Hiimpshire, named for the wife of (Governor Benning Wentworth, wdiose maiden name was Frances Deering. Franceville ; town in El Paso County, Colorado, named for Hon. Matt France, of Colorado Springs. Franceway; creek in Grant County, Arkansas. The name is a corruption of the name Francois, given by the early French. Francis; creek in lUunboldt County, California, named for a settler. Franconia; town in Grafton County, New Hamifthire, named from the duchy in Gei'many. Frank; island in Yellowstone Park, nametl for the l^rother of Henry W. Elliott, of the Hayden expedition. Frankfort; city in Marshall County, Kansas, named for Frank Si-hmidt, of Marya- ville, owner of the town site. Frankfort; village in Herkimer County, New York, named for Lawrence Frank, an early settler. Franklin; counties in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, county and town in Heard C'Ounty, Georgia, counties in Illinois and Indiana, county and town in Lee C!ounty, Iowa, county in Kansas, county and city in Kentucky, parish in Loui- siana, county and town in Hancock County, Maine, county and town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, counties in Mississippi and Missouri, county and town in Nebraska, county and village in Delaware County, New York, county and town in Macon County, North Carolina, county in Ohio, county and boroughs in Caml)ria and Venango counties, Pennsylvania, counties in Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington, and mountain in New Hampshire, named for Benja- min Franklin. Many other places throughout the country bear his name. Franklin; town in Delaware County, New York, named for Temple Franklin. Franklin; county in Texas, named for B. C. Franklin, first judge of the district court of the republic. Frankstown; village in Blair County, Pennsylvania, named for Stephen Franks, a German trader. Franktown; town in Douglas County, Colorado, named for Hon. J. Frank Gard- ner, early resident. Fi»aser; village in Macomb County, Michigan, nametl for a lawyer from Detroit, Michigan. GANNETT] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 115 Frazer; crffk in Iliiiiiltoldt County, California, nanu'd for an t'arly seltk-r. Frazer; village in Dc'lawarc County, New York, named for lluijli Frazer, an early patentee. Frederic; town in Crawford C'ounty, ]\[iclii.ij;an, nanieottsylvania County, Virginia, nameil f(jr Frederick, Prince of Wales. Fredericktown; city in JNIadison County, Missouri, named for (ieorge Frederick BoUingei-, a former member of the State legislature. Fredonia; city in Wilson County, Kansas, named for Fredonia, New York. Fredonia; village in Chautauqua County, New York. The name was devised to signify " land of freedom," and proposed as a name for the United States. Freeborn; county and township in Minnesota, named -for William Freeborn, mem- ber of the council in 1855. Freehold; town in ^Monmouth County, New Jersey, originally a freehold. Freelandsville; village in Knox County, Indiana, named for Dr. John F. Freeland. Freeman; town in Franklin County, jNIaine, named for Sanmel Freeman, of Port- land, Maine. Freemansburg; Ijorough in Nortiiamjjton Comity, I'ennsylvania, named for Jacob Freeman. Freeo; creek in Arkansas, a corruption of the S})anish word frio, " cold." Freeport; town in Cumberland County, Maine, so named because it was intended that it should be a free port. The name is found frequently in the country, gen- erally having been given in the spirit of liberty. Freetown; town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, called by the original settlers Freeman's Land. Fremont; county and pass in Colorado, counties in Idaho and Iowa, town in Rock- ingham County, New Hampshire, town in Steuben County, New York, island in Utah, and county and peak in Wyoming, besides numerous small places in the country, named for Gen. John C. Fremont. French; river in Massachusetts, so named from a settlement of French Protestants in the town of Oxford. French Broad; river in North Carolina, so named because the country west of the Blue Ridge was held by the French, according to some authorities. Others hold that the river was named by a party of hunters for their captain, whose name was French. The latter ])art of the name is used descriptively. Frenchburg-; town in Menifee County, Kentucky, named for Judge Richard French, prominent politician. French Camp; town in Choctaw County, Mississiiijn, so named from an old settle- ment made by French. Frenchman; bay on the coast of Maine, so named because a settlement was made here by Frenchmen. Frenchs Mills; village in Alban; County, New York, named for A])el French, who owned a factory there. Fresno; county, river, and city in C'alifornia, no named inmi a si)ecies of ash. Friar Point; town in Coahoma County, ISIississippi, named for an old woodchopper, early settler there. Frio; county and town in Texas, named from the Rio Frio. A Spanish word meaning "cold." 116 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Frontier; county in NebraHkii, so named because it was on the frontier at the time of its naming. Frostburg; town in Allegany County, Maryland, named for a family who owned the land. Fruita; town in Mesa County, Colorado, situated in a large fruit-growing district. Frustum; mount in Colorado,, named from its shape. Fryburg; town in North Dakota, named for General Fry, United States Army. Fryeburg; town in Oxford County, Maine, named for its founder. Gen. Joseph Frye, a veteran r)fficer of the French wars, who received a grant of land in ]\Iaine as a reward for his services. Fulford; village in Eagle County, Colorado, named for A. H. Fulford, a pioneer. Fullerton; city in Nance County, Nebraska, named for Randall Fuller, early stockman. Fulton; county in Arkansas, named for "William Savin Fulton, governor of the Territory. Fulton; counties in Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky; county and villages in ^Montgomery and Oswego counties, New York, and county in Pennsylvania, named for Robert Fulton. His name has been given to numerous places tiiroughout the country. Fulton; city in Bourbon Cbunty, Kansas, named from Fulton, Illinois. Funk; town in Phelps County, Nebraska, named for P. C. Funk. Funkstown; town in Washington County, Maryland, named for Jacob Funk, original jtroprietor. Furnas; county in Neliraska, named for Robert W. Furnas, governor in 1873-75. Gabilan; mountain ridge, spur of the coast range in California. A Spanish word, meaning "sjiarrow hawk." Gadsden; county in Florida antl town in Etowah County, Alabama, named for James (Tadsden, American statesman. Gaflfhey; city in Cherokee County, South C-arolina, named for a family in the State. Gagetown; village in Tuscola County, Michigan, named for James Gage, the first settler. Gaines; town in Orleans County, New York, named for Gen. E. P. Gaines. Gaines; county in Texas, named for James Gaines, who fought in the war for Texan independence. Gainesville; town in Hall County, Georgia; city in Alachua County, Florida, and town in Wyoming C-ounty, New York, named for (len. E. P. Gaines. Galen; town in Wayne County, New York, named by the State land ])oartl for Claudius Galenus, an illustrious physician of antiquity. Galena; city in Illinois and mount in Colorado, named from the lead ore found in the vicinity. Galesbtirg; city in Knox County, Illinois, named for Rev. George W. Gale, the founder. Galesburg; village in Kalamazoo County, Michigan, named for Gen. L. Gale, early settler. Galesville; village in Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, named for Hon. George Gale, who laid it out. Gallatin; counties in Illinois and Kentucky; county and river in Montana; town in Columbia County, New York, and town in Copiah County, Mississippi, named for Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury under Thomas Jefferson. Gallaway; town in Fayette Coiuity, Tennessee, named for Governor Gallaway. Gallia; coimty in Ohio, settled in 1790 by a colony of Frenchmen, and named Ijy them from the Latin appellation of France. Gallinas; river in New Mexico. A Spanish word, gallina, "hen," used figuratively to denote a coward. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 117 Gallipolis; city in tJallia County, Ohio, so named Vjecause settled l)y French. Gallitzin; borough in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, named for its founder, rrinee Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin. Gallman; town in Copiah County, Mississippi, named for a leading citizen. Galloo; islands in Lake Ontario, Jefferson County, New York, named foi- an old resident. Galva; city in INIcPherson County, Kansas, named by ]\Irs. J. K. Doyle for lua- old home in Illinois. Galveston; county and city in Texas, named for Don Jose Galvez, Spanish viceroy of Texas; in 1797 proclaimed king by the people of Mexi(;o. Galway; village in Saratoga County, New York, named from tlie county in Ireland. Gambler; village in Knox County, Ohio, named for Lord James (iand)ier, a Lritish admiral, who was a benefactor of Kenyon College, located at this place. Gannett; station on the Union Pacific Railroad in Nebraska, named for J. W. ( lan- nett, auditor of the road. Gans; town in Humboldt County, California, named for a settler. Gansevoort; village in Saratoga County, New York, named for C'ol. Peter (ians- voort, who located there soon after the war. Garberville; town in Humboldt County, California, named for J. C. (Jarber. Garden; thirty places in the country bear this name, used descriptively, either with or without suflixes. Garden of the Gods; locality near Pikes Peak, Colorado. Lewis N. Tappan and three others went from Denver to select a site for a town. They stood upon a rocky prominence and exclaimed, "A fit garden for the gods," hence the name.. Gardiner; city in Kennebec County, Maine, named for Sylvester Gardiner, one of the proprietors of the old Plymouth patent. Gardiner; town in Ulster County, New York, named for Addison (iardiner, formerly lieutenant-governor. Gardiner; river in Yellowstone Park, probably named for an old trap])er who was a companion of Joseph Meek. Gardiners; island lying east of Long Island, named for the first settler, Lyon (iar- diner, a Scotchman. Gardner; city in Johnson County, Kansas, named for Henry J. Gardner, governor of Ma.ssachu.setts in 1855. Gardner; town in Worcester County, IVIassachusetts, named for Col. Thos. Gardner, who fell at the battle of Bunker Hill. Garfield; county and mountain in Colorado; mountain in Idaho; town in Lasaile County, Illinois; town in Pawnee County, Kansas; plantation in Aroostook County, Maine; county in Nebraska; borough in New Jersey; town in Mahoning County, Ohio; county in Oklahoma; town in Clackamas County, Oregon, ann. John Gil)l)on, United States Army. Gibraltar; several towns in the country are named from the city in Spain. Gibson; county in Indiana, named for John Gibson, secretary and acting governor of Indiana Territory in 1S11-LS13. Gibson; county and town in Tennessee, named for Col. Thomas Gibson. Gibsonville; town in (iuilford County, North Carolina, named for a i)rominent resident. Gila; county in Arizona and river of Arizona and Nt>w Mexico. The name is said to be of Spanish origin, but the meaning is lost. Gilberton; borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, named for John Gilbert, who ownetl coal mines there. Gilboa; town in Schoharie County, New York, ami Putnam County, Ohio, named from the mountain in Palestine. Gildehouse; village in Franklin County, ^Missouri, named for a family who ilrst settled there. Gilead; town in Oxford County, Elaine, named from the large Balm of Gilead tree standing in the middle of the town. Giles; village in Brown County, Ne1)raska, nameil for the first postmaster, Giles ]\Iead. Giles; county in Virginia, named for William Branch Ciiles, governor of the State in 1.S27-1S;!0. The county in Tennessee was probably named for the same. Gilford; town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, named for S. S. Gilman, wlio made the first settlements there. 120 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITJID STATER. rnui.i,. 197. Gill; town in Franklin C'ountv, Massai'luiHette, nanieil for AFoses (Jill, one tinu' lion- tenant-gt)vernor of the State. Gillespie; county in Texas, nametl for Robert A. Gillespie, who fell at the battle of INIonterey. Gilliam; village in Saline County, Missouri, named for a farmer residing in tlie neighborhood. Gilliam; county in Oregon, named for Col. Cornelius ( iilliam, member of the volun- teers of Willamette Vallej'. Gilman; town in Eagle County, Colorado, namt'd for IT. INI. (Jilman, a prominent resident. Gilman; town in INIarshall County, Iowa, named for a railroad C(Mitractor. Gilman; town in Hamilton County, New York, named for John INI. (iilman, early settler, from New Hampshire. Gilmanton; town in TU'lknap County, New IIam])shire, named for the former owners of the site. Gilmer; county in (ieorgia, named for George P. Gilmer, governor of the State in 1830. Gilmer; county in West Virginia, named for Thomas W. (iilmer, member of Con- gress from Virginia. Gilpin; county and mountain in Colorado, named for William (Tilpin, first Territorial governor. Gilsum; town in Cheshiiv County, New Hampshire, named for the first proprietors, (iilbert and Sumner. Girard; city in Crawford County, Kansas, named for the borough in Pennsylvania. Girard; borough in Erie County, Pennsylvania; Girardville; borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, and several other towns and villages. Named for Stephen Girard, at one time the wealthiest man in the LTnited States. Gladstone; city in Delta County, Michigan, and town in Stark County, North Dakota, named for the English statesman. Gladwin; county and city in Michigan, named for JNIaj. Henry Gladwin, in com- mand at Detroit at the time of Pontiac's cons2)iracy. Glasco; cit}' in Cloud County, Kansas, named from the city in Scotland, and si^elled by the first postmaster "Glasco." Glascock; county in Georgia, named for Thomas Glascock, an officer of the War of 1812. Glasgow; city in Barren County, Kentucky, and several other places, named from the city in Scotland. Glassboro; town in Gloucester County, New Jersey, named from its glass factories. Glasscock; county in Texas, named for George W. Glasscock, who took part in the storuung of San Antonio. Glastonbury; town in Hartford County, Connecticut, named from the town in England. Glazypool; mountain and creek in Arkansas. A corruption of the French name, Glaise a Paul, "Paul's clay pit." Glen; two hundred and fifty-six places in the country bear this name alone or with suffixes. In the majority of cases the word is used descriptively, though in a few cases it is a proper name. Glen; town in Montgomery County, New York, named for Jacob Glen, a ]irominenl citizen. Glenn; county in California, named for Hugh J. Glenn, a jirominent resident of the county. Glenn Springs; town in Spartanburg, Comity, South Carolina, named from a famous sjiring owned l)y the Glenn family. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 121 Glens Falls: villa.ixe in \\'arri'ii County, New York, iiamcil hy Jolin (ilciui I'oi' liim- solf. Glenville; town in Schenectady ('ounty, New York, named from the manor of Sandir Leenderste Glen, which formerly occui)ied tlie site. Glidden; town in Carroll Connty, Iowa, named for a manufacture)- of barbed wire. Gloucester; city in Essex County, Massachusetts, county and cit_\- in New Jersey, and county in Yirginia, as well as several other places; named for Gloucester- shire, England. Glover; town in Orleans County, Vermont, named for ( Jen. .Tolui Glover, of ]Marble- heail, a principal jiroprietor. Gloversville; city in Fulton County, New York, named from its glove factories. Glynn; county in Georgia, named for John(ilynn, an English lawyer and warm friend of the American colonies. Gnadenhutten; town in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, settled by ]\Ioravian mission- aries. A German word, meaning "tents of grace." Goddard; city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, named for J. F. Goddard, general manager of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. Godfrey; village in Madison County, Illinois, named for Capt. Benjamin Godfrey. Goff; city in Nemaha County, Kansas, named for Edward II. (xoff of the Union Pacific Railroad. Goffstown; town in Hillsboro County, New Hampshire, named for Col. John Goffe. Gog-ebic; county and lake in Michigan. An Indian word. According to some auth- orities, a contraction of Agojebic, "rocky," or "rocky shore;" others say it is from Gogebing, "dividing lake." Golconda; city in Pope County, Illinois, and town in Humboldt County, Nevada, named from the city in India. Gold; a name of frequent occurrence througliout the country. It ajipears with numerous sutiixes and in most cases was given to denote the presence of the metal. Golden Gate; bay in California, named by Colonel Fremont, before the discovery of gold in the country, l)ecause of the Ijrilliant effect of the setting sun on the cliffs and hills. Gold Point; town in Martin County, North Carolina, named from tiie gold leaf tobacco. Goldsboro; city in Wayne County, North Carolina, named for M. T. Goldsboro, of Maryland. Goldthwaite ; town in Mills Connty, Texas, namepi, named for the first president of the Mississippi Central Railroad. Goose; river in Maine, named from a pond at the source, so called l)y an early settler fi'om a wild-goose nest which he found on a rock on the bank of the ])ond. Gooski; lake in Florida, named for an old settler, a Pole. Gordon; county in (:leorgia, named for William W. Ciordon, first president of the Central Railroad. Gore; pass in Colorado, named for a gunsmith of Denver. 122 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Gorham; tdwn in Cumberland County, Maine. Some authorities say it was named for Col. Shubael Gorham, one of the original proprietors, but Whitmore says that it was named for Capt. John Gorham, one of the early proprietors. Gorham; town in Coos County, New Hampshire, named for Captain Gorham, who was in the Narragansett fight. Gorham; town in Ontario County, New York, named for Nathaniel Gorham. Gorman; township in Ottertail County, Minnesota, named for Willis A. Gorman, former governor of the State. Goshen; city in Elkhart County, Indiana, and village in Orange County, New York, named from the "Land of Goshen." The name is found in many parts of the country, ai)plied as a synonym of fruitfulness and fertility. Gosiute; peak and lake in Nevada, named for an Indian tribe. Gosnold; town in Dukes County, Massachusetts, settled by Bartholomew Gosnold. Gosper; county in Nebraska, named for John J. Gosper, secretary of state. Gothic; mountains in the Adirondaeks, New York, and Elk INIountains, Colorado, so named because of pinnacles resembling Gothic architecture. Gouldsboro; town in Hancock County, Maine, named for Robert Gould, one of the original proprietors. Gouverneur; town in St. Law^rence County, New York, named for Gouverneur Morris, an American statesman. Govan; town in Bamberg County, South Carolina, named for a family prominent in South Carolina history. Gove; county and city in Kansas, named for Grenville L. Gove, captain in the Eleventh Kansas Regiment. Governors; island in Boston Harbor, Massacliusetts, named for Governor Winthroii, to whose descendants it still l)elongs. Governors; island in New York Harbor, named for Governor Van Twiller, who owned it at an early date. Gowanda; village in Cattaraugus County, New York. An Indian word, meaning "a town among the hills by the water side." Grafton; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, named for Charles Fitz-Roy, Duke of ( irafton. Grafton; county and town in New Hampshire, named for Augustus Henry Fitz-Roy, Duke of Grafton. Grafton; city in Taylor County, West Virginia, named by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, because they grafted a branch from this point to Wheeling. Graham; county in Kansas, named for John L. Graham, captain of the Eighth Kansas Regiment. Graham; county, and town in Alamance County, North Carolina, named for Senator William A. Graham, Secretary of the Navy under President Fillmore. Graham; city in Young County, Texas, named for one of two brothers, who owned salt works near where the town was built. Grahamsville; village in Sullivan County, New York, named for Lieutenant (ira- ham, who was killed by Indians near the present site of the village. Grahamton; town in Meade County, Kentucky, named for an early pioneer. Grahamville; town in Beaufort County, South Carolina, nameil for the founder. Grainger; county in Tennessee, named for Mary Grainger. Granby; town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, said to have been named for John, Marquis of (iranby. Granby; town in Essex County, Vermont, named for Earl Granby in 17G1. Grand; county in Colorado, named from Grand Lake, the source of Grand River. Grand Coteau; town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, so named because of its posi- tion. A French name, meaning "great hilL" .iANM-.TT.l PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 128 Grand Forks; county and city in North Dakota, wliicth take their nanic from tiie junction of tiie lied River of the North with Red Lake River. Grand Haven; city in Ottawa County, INIichigan, no named becau^ie it in situated on tlie best Iiar1)()r on the eastern shore of Lake Michij^an. Grand Island; city in Ne])raska on Rlatte River, which is dividearl of Granville. Grass; river in St. Lawrence County, New York, from the name given it b}' the early French, LaGrasse Riviere, meaning "the fertile river." Grass Valley; city in Nevada County, California, named from a \alley covered with grass. Gratiot; county in Michigan, named for Capt. Charles Gratiot, United States Army, who constructed Fort Gratiot in 1814. Gratiot; village in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, named for Col. Henry (iratiot, an Indian agent. Grattan; townshii) in Kent County, Michigan, named for the Irish orator. Gratz; borough in Daui)hin County, Pennsylvania, named from the Prussian town. Graves; county in Kentucky, namero- visional government. Grimesland; town in Pitt County, North (Carolina, named for Gen. Bryan Grimes.. Grinnell; city in Poweshiek County, Iowa, named for Hon. W. H. Grinnell, a citizen. Griswold; town in New Lontlon County, Connecticut, named for Roger Griswold, governor of the State in 1811. Grizzly; i)eak in Colorado, named by a party of scientists from an adventure with a grizzly bear. Gross; point in Maine on the Penoljscot River, named for the first settler, Zachariah < i ross. Grosse Isle; village in Wayne County, Michigan, which takes its name from an island in Detroit River, which was called by the early French Grosse Isle, "great isle." Grossepoint; town in Wayne County, Michigan, so named from a large i>oint which projects into Lake St. Clair, named by the French, Grosse Pointe, "great or large point." Grosvenor; mount in Arizona, named for H. C. (Trosvenor, who was killed there in l.S(U. Groton; town in ]\nd(llesex County, Massachusetts, named from the place in P^ng- land owned by the family of Deane Winthrop, whose name headed the petition for the grant. Groton; village in Tompkins County, New York, named from the above. Grover; village in Cleveland County, North Carolina, and town in Dorchester County, South Carolina, named for (Trover Cleveland. Grubbs; village in Newcastle County, Delaware, named for the early owner, John Grubbs. I Grundy; counties in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee; Grundy Center; town in Grundy County, Iowa. Named for Felix (jrundy, United States Senator from Tennessee. Guadalupe; county in New Mexico and river and town in Victoria County, Texas, named for Don Felix Victoria, first president of Mexico, known as "Guadalupe Victoria." Guernsey; county in Ohio, named Ijy enugrants from the island of Guernsey in the Knglish channel. Guero; mount in Colorado, named for a Ute Indian. Guilford; borough in New Haven County, Connecticut, nametl from a town in England. Guilford; county in North Carolina, named for the Earl of (Tuilford, father of Lord North. Gulfport; town in Harrison C(»unty, Mississipi)i, named ))y W. II. Hardy, because of its situation. Gulpha; creek in Hot Springs, Arkansas. The name is a corruption of Calfat, a proper name, probably belonging to an early settler. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 127 Gunnison; county, town, nionnliiin, and rivi-r in Colorado, and island in (irvat Salt Lake, Utah, named for Capt. J. W. (iunnison, an early explorer. Gurnet; point at the entrance to riyniouth Harbor, Massachusetts, named from the gurnet, a sea fish. Guthrie; creek in Humboldt County, California, named for an early settler. Guthrie; county in Iowa, named for Capt. Edwin B. Guthrie. Gvithrie; town in Callaway County, Missouri, named for Cuthrie brothers, early settlers. Guthrie Center; town in ( iuthrie County, Iowa, named for Capt. Edwin B. Guthrie. Guttenburg; city in Clayton County, Iowa, and town in Hudson County, New Jersey, named for the inventor of i>rinting. Guyandot; town in Cabell County, West Virginia, and river in same State. The French form of Wyandotte, the tribe of Indians. Guyot; mounts in Colorado, New Hampshire, and Tennessee, named for Arnold Guyot, the geograiiher. Gwinnett; county in Georgia, nameil for Rution (iwinnett, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Habana; city in Mason County, Illinois, named for the city in Cuba. The word is Spanish, meaning " harbor." Habersham; county in Georgia, named for Col. Joseph Habersham, speaker of the general assembly of (Georgia in 1785. Hackensack; town in Bergen County, New Jersey. An Indian word. Authorities differ as to the meaning of this word, the many different versions jjeing " hook mouth," "a stream that unites with another on low ground," "on low ground," "the land of the Vng snake." Hackettstown; town in Warren County, New Jersey, named for Samuel Ilackett, a large landowner. Hackneyville; town in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, named from the sul)urb in London. Haddam; city in Washington County, Kansas, named for the town in Connecticut, Haddonfield; borough in Camden County, New Jersey, named for Elizabeth Haddon. Hadley; peak in Humboldt County, California, named for an early settler. Hadley; town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, named from the itarish in Essex, England. Hadlyme; town in New London County, Connecticut. The name is formed of a combination of the names of the two townshii)s in which it is located — Haddam and Lyme. Hag-erstown; city in Washington County, Maryland, named for a German named Hager, one of the original projirietors. Hag-ue; several towns and villages in the United States are named for the city in Holland. Hague; peak in Colorado, named for Arnold Hague of the United States CJeological Survey. (Hahn; peak in Colorado; Hahn Peak; village in Routt County, Colorado. Named for Joe Hahn, an early settler. Hainesville; village in Plolt (bounty, Nebraska, named for S. S. Haines, early settler. Halcott; town in Greene County, New York, named for (leorge W. Halcott, sheriff. Hale; county in Alabama, named for Stephen F. Hale, prominent in the State. Hale; village in Carroll County, Missouri, named for John P. Hale, of Carrollton. Hale, county in Texas, named for Lieut. J. C. Hale, of the Confederate army. Hale Eddy; village in Delaware County, New York, named for a family of early settlers. Half Dome; mountain of granite in California, on the walls of the Yosemite Valley, so named because it has the appearance of a half dome. 128 PLACE NAMP:S in the united states. (bull. 197. Halfmoon; l)ay in California, so named from its cresc'ent shape. Halfmoon; town in Sarato^'a County, New York, so named from a crescent-shaped piece of land hetvveen the Hudson and the Mohawk. Halibut; island off the coast of Alaska, so named on account of the large number of halibut found there. Halifax; counties in North Carolina and Virginia, and towns in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, and Windham County, Vermont, named fv (ien. Wade llam|>tun. Hamptonburg; town in ( )range County, New York, named from the hi rtli place — Wolverhampton — of William F)ull, first settler. Hancock; counties in (ieorgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Kentucky, county and town in ^Maine, town iu Berkshire County, Massachusetts, county in Mississippi, mountain iu New Hampshire, town in Delaware County, New York, and coun- ties in Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia, named for John Hancock, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Many other places in the United States are named for the same man. Hancock; mount in Yellowstone Park, named for Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock. Hand; county in South Dakota, named for George A. Hand, Territorial secretary in ISSO. Handsboro; town in Harrison County, Mississippi, named for a Northern man who estal)lished a foundry there before the civil war. Hanging Rock; village in Lawrence County, Ohio, named from the presence of a t'liff at the back of the town. Hangmans; creek in Washington, tributary of the Spokane River, so named because some Indians were hanged on its bank. Hanna; reef and island in Texas, |)robably named fur Captain Hanna, t'aptain of the Lconidds, in 1837. Hannacrois; creek in New York, said to have been named by the Dutch, " hanne- ki'aai,"' meaning "cock-crowing creek," from the legend that a rooster came floating down this creek on a cake of ice. Hannibal; town in Oswego Ccjunty, New York, named by the State land board, Ijeing situated in the military t act given to the surviving soldiers of the Revolution ; Hannibal; city in Clarion County, Misscniri. Named for the Carthaginian general. Hanover; many places in the United States are named for the Duke of Hanover, who became George I of P^ngland, or from the Prussian city and province belonging to him. Among these are a town in Plymouth County, Massachu- setts, city in Washington County, Kansas, and a county in Virginia. Hansford; county in Texas, named for John M. Hansford, who was a judge and lawyer there during the days of the republic. Hanson; county in South Dakota, named fur Joseph R. Hanson, clerk of the first legislature. Haralson; county and village in Georgia, nauied for Gen. Hugh A. Haralson, former Congressman fr(jm that State. Harbeson; village in Sussex County, Delaware, named for Harheson Hickman, a large landowner. Harbine; village in Thayer County, Nebraska, named for Col. John Harbine. Hardeman; county in Texa.s, named for two brothers, Bailey and T. J. Hardeman, prominent citizens in tlu^ days of the Republic; and a county in Tennessee, named fur one of the brothers. Col. T. J. Hardeman. Hardenburg; town in Ulster County, New York, named for Johainies Ilardenburg, an early patentee in Delaware and Sullivan counties. Hardin; several places in the United States have received this name, among them a nundaer of counties, most of which were named for Cc^l. J(jhn Hardin. Among these are the counties in Illinois, Iowa, Ohio, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Bull. 197 -02 y 130 PLACE JSAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Hardin; city in Kay County, Mi^isouri, nauicd t'nr (Jovernor ("liarles U. Hardin, 1875-1877. Hardin; county in Texas^, named fur tlic family of ^^"illiam Hardin, of Liberty. Hardin Factory; town in (iaston County, North Carolina, named for the builder of the factory. Hardinsburg; town in Breckinridge County, Kentucky, named for Capt. William Hardin, a pioneer. Hardwick; town in Worcester County, ^lansachusettt^, named foi- Pliili]) Yorke, Lord Hardwicke, a member of the privy council. Hardy; town in Sharp County, Arkansas, named for a railroad dtticial. Hardy; county in West Virginia, named for Samuel Hardy, a member of Congress fi-om Virginia in 1784. Hardy Station; town in Grenada County, Mississippi, nameil l)y the railroad com- l)any for Kichard Hardy, the owner of the land ujion which the dei)ot was Ijuilt. Harford; county and village in Maryland, named for Henry Harford, the natural son of Lord Baltimore, the sixth, and proprietor at the time of tlie Revolution. Harlan; city in Shelby County, Iowa, named for Senator Harlan. Harlan; village in Smith County, Kansas, named for John C. Harlan, one of the first settlers. Harlan; county and town in Kentucky, named for Maj. Silas Harlan. Harlan; county in Nebraska, named for James Harlan, Secretary of the Interior 1865-66. Harlem; part of New York City and the channel which extends northward from Hell Gate, connecting with the Hudson, named for the town in Holland. Harleyville; town in Dorchester County, South Carolina, named for a resident family. Harman; village in Arapaiioe County, Col(jradi), named for L. B. Harman, its founder. Harmer; townshi}) and village in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, named for the Hon. Harmer Denny. Harmony; borough in Butler County, Pennsylvania, nametl by a colony of Ger- mans to indicate the 2)rinciple of its organization. Harnett; county of North Carolina, named for Cornelius Harnett, an American statesman. Harney; county, city, and lake in Oregon, named tor General Harney. Harper; county in Kansas, named for INlarion Harper, lirst sergeant Conijiany E, Second Kansas Regiment. Harpers Ferry; town in Jeffe)'son County, West Virginia, named for Rcibert Har- per, who settled there in 1734 and established a ferry. Harpersfield; town in Delaware County, New York, named for Jr G. W. Harper, an uld resident. Harpswell; town in Cumberland County, Maine, i)robably named for the town in England. Harrellsville; town in Hertford County, North Carolina, nameil for a former resi- dent. Harriet; lake in ^Minnesota, named for the wife of Colonel Leavenworth. Harrietstown; town in I'ranklin County, New York, named for the wife of James Duane. Harrietta; village in Wexford County, Michigan, a combination of the names of the manager of the Ann Arbor Railroad, Harry, and that of his wife, Henrietta. Harrington; town in Kent County, Delaware, named for the Hon. Sanmel M. Har- rington, at one time chancellor of the State. Harris; town in Humboldt County, California, named for an early settler. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 131 Harris; foiinty in (loori,'i;i, nanicd I'oi' CliarU'S Harris, a jiroiniiicrit lawyer and judge. Harris; county in Texas, named for .Inhn U. Harris, wiio elected tlie tirst steam sawmill in Texas (1S29). Harrisburg; town in Lewis County, New York, named for l\ichard Harrison, of New York. Harrisburg; the cajntal of Pennsylvania, named for .lolm Harris, llie oritiinal pro- prietor. Harrison; twenty places in tlie I'nited States bear this name, amonii- them l)einj^ the counties of Indiana, Iowa, IVIississippi, and Ohio, and a town in.( iloncestcr County, New Jersey, namt-d for William Henry Harrison, former President of the United States. Harrison; counties in Kentucky and West Virginia, named for C(j1. Benjamin Har- rison, father of William Henry Harrison. Harrison; town in Cumberland County, INIaine, named for Harrison (iray Otis, of Boston. Harrison; town in Tallahatchie County, Mississii>pi, named for James T. Harrison, jirominent lawyer. Harrison; county in ^Missouri, named for Albert G. Iliirri.son, of Callaway County. Harrison; town in Westchester County, New Y^ork, named for John Harrison. Harrison; county in Texas, named for an early jiioneer. Harrisonburg; village in Catahoula Parish, Louisiana, and town in Pockingham County, ^'irginia, named for the Harrisons of Virginia. Harrisville; town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, named for ]Milau Harris, who estaljlished a mill there. Harrisville; town in Lewis County, New York, named after Fosket Harris, tirst settler. Harrisville; village in Meigs County, Ohio, named for Joseph Harris, a pioneer. Harrisville; town in Ritchie County, West Virginia, named for Thomas Harris. Harrodsburg; city in Mercer County, Kentucky, named for Col. James Harrod, who l)uilt the first cabin there. Hart; county in Georgia, named for Nancy Hart, the celebrated Georgia heroine of the He volution. Hart; county in Kentucky, named for Nathaniel Hart, an officer of the war of 1812. Hart; river and lake in Yelhnvstone Park, named for Hart Hunney, an old hunter. Others say it was named "Heart," from its shape. Hartford; name transferred from England to many places in the Unitellis County, Kansas, named forCen. William Hays, Cniteil States Army. Hays; county in Texas, named lor John C. Hays, colonel in the Texan service in the war hetween i\h"xico ami the Tnited States. Haywood; county in North Carolina, named for John Haywood, State treasurer. Haywood; county in TennessecN named for Jud.tie John Haywood, author of a liis- tory of Tennessee. Hazardville; village in 1 lartfonl County, Connecticut, named for Colonel Hazard, owner of powder works. Hazelton; city in I'arber County, Kansas, nameil for its founder, Rev. J. H. Haz- elton. Hazlerigg; village in Boone County, Indiana, nam<>d for 1 1 . (t. I hizlerigg, its founder. Hazleton; city in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, so named from the great abund- ance of hazel bushes. Healdsburg; city in Sonoma County, California, named for Col. Harmon Hi-ald, an eai-ly settler. Healing Springs; village in Bath County, Virginia, mimed for the thermal nnneral springs situated then'. Heard; county in Ceorgia, named for Stephen Heard, an ofTicer of the American Revolution. Heath; town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, named for Gen. William "SI. Heath. Heath Springs; town in Lan(!aster County, South Carolina, named after a firm of capitalists, Heath & Springs. Heber; city in Wasatch County, Ctah, named for Ileber C Kindiall, a leader of the ■Mormons. Hebron; twenty-tive cities in tlie United States bear the name of this ancient city in Palestine. Heceta; village in Lane County, Oregon, probably named for the early ex]>loi-er, Capt. Bruno de Heceta. Hector; town in Schuyler County, New York, named for the character in the Iliad. Hedges; peak in Yellowstone Park, named for Cornelius Hedges. Hedrick; town in Keokuk County, Iowa, named for General Iledrick. Heidelberg; name of several places in the United States settled by colonists from that city in Germany. Helderberg; plateau in New York, so named becaust' of the line i)rospect from it. A Dutch word meaning " clear mountain." Helena; city in Lewis and Clarke County, Montana. Opinions differ as to the origin of the name, for by some it is supposed to be named for Helen of Troy, but according to the Helena Historical Directory of 1879 was named by John Som- erville, of Minnesota, St. Helena, from the resemblance in its location to that of the original St. Helena. It was then voted to drop the i)refix Saint, and that was done. Helena; village in St. Lawrence County, New York, nameickins(in Cnunty, Kans.-is, named for M. D. Ilerington, its f(innrman, conductor on th(» Omaha and Northwestern Railroad. Hermann; town in (iasconade County, Missouri, settled hy Cermans, ami named by them for their countryman, who fought so bravely at the time of the I'oman invasion. Hermitage; town in Hickory County, Missouri, name(l for the residence of .Vndrew Jackson. Harmon; village in St. Lawrence Comity, New York, named for the mountain in Syria. Hernando; county in Florida and city in De Soto County, .Mississippi, named for Hernando De Soto, discoverer of the Mississippi River. Hersey; village in Nobles County, INIinnesota, named for(ieiu'ral Hersey, of !\raini>, largely interested in the Territoiy. Hertford; county, and a town in I'eniuimans C'ounty, North Carolina, named for Conway, ^Nianjuis of Hertford. Heuvelton; villagi' in St. Lawrence County, New York, named for Jacob \'an Heuvel. Hewes; point in Penobscot Bay, Maine, named for its first settler, Paola Hewes. Hiawatha; city in Brown County, Kansas, named for the hero of Longfellow's poem . Hibernia; .several places in the Cnited States bear this name of ancient Ireland. Hickman; county and city in Fulton County, Kentucky, named for ('apt. Paschal Hickman. Hickman; county in Tennessee, named for Fdnuuid Hickman. Hickory; this name, either alone or with suffixes, is borne l)y 4H places in the I'nited States. When alone, as in the cases of the county in Missouri, and the towns in Newton Connty, Mississippi, and Catawba County, North Carolina, the places were named for Andrew Jackson — "Old Hickory." Hickory Flats; town in Benton County, Mississijipi, named for a near-by hickory grove. Hicks; island at entrance to Napeagne Bay, Long Island, New York, named lor the owner. Hicksville; \illage in (Queens Comity, New Y'ork, named for Charles Hicks, the (.Quaker reformer. Hicksville; village in Defiance Connty, Ohio, named for Henry W. Hicks, who was one of the founders. Hidalgo; county in Texas, said to be named for Hidalgo y Costilla, a priest, and leader in ^Mexican war of independence. Higganum; village in Middlesex County, Connecticut. A coi'ruption of the Indian word, Tomhegan-ompakut, meaning "at the toinahaw'k rock." Higginsport; village in Brown County, Ohio, named for Col. Robert Higgins, who laiil it out. Highbridge; borough in Ihiuterdon County, New Jersey, named for its remarkable railroad liridge. 186 PLACE NAMP:S in the united states. [Mill. 1i»7. Highg-ate; town in Franklin Gonnty, Vermont, named from the chapelry in Mid- dlesex, England. Highland; eonnties in Ohio and Virginia, and city in Donipluui County, Kansas, so named on account of the high location. Highlands; borough in Monmontli County, New Jersey, adjacent to the Atlantic Highlands, and taking its name therefrom. Highlands; l)roken hills on the Hudson River, New York. Derived from the name of Hogeland, or Hoogland, meaning "highland," originally given them hy the Dutcli. Highlands; town in Mason County, North Carolina, so named because it is the highest village east of the Mississippi. High Point; village in Guilfonl County, North C'arolina, so named because it is the highest point on the North Carolina Railroad. Hightower; village in Forsyth County, Georgia, on the Etowah River. The name is a corruption of the name of the river. Hightstown; borough in Mercer County, New Jersey, named for the Hight family. Hildebran; village in Burke County, North Carolina, named for Pope (Jregory VII. Hilgard; mountain in Utah, named for J. E. Hilgard, formerly suj)erintendent I'nited States Coast and Geodetic Survey. Hill; city in Graham County, Kansas, named for W. R. Hill, who located the town. Hill; town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, named for Isaac Hill, governor i,s;!r)-i8:!9. Hill; county in Texas, named for George W. Hill. Hillburn; town in Rocklan'l C'ounty, New York, originally named Woodlnirn, changed in 1882 to Hilll)urn in order not to conflict with a post-office of same name in that State. Both names are descriptive. Hillers; mountain in Utah, named for John H. Hillers, photographer. Hillsboro; counties in Florida and New Hampshire, and town in Orange County, North Carolina, named for the Earl of Hillsborough. Hillsboro; city in Marion County, Kansas, named for a former mayor, John (i. Hill. Hillsboro; village in Vernon County, Wisconsin, nanie change in the course of the river at this ])oint. Hockendaqua; stream in Nortliampton County, Pennsylvania. Inchan word, meaning "searching for hind." Hockessin; village in Newcastle County, Delaware. An Indian word, meaning "good bark;" applied to this locality on account of the good (|uality ( f white oak found there. Hocking; river and county in Ohio. Derived from tlie Indian word Hockhock, "a gourd" or "a bottle," and ing, meaning "a place;" so called because at this jioint the river suddenly assumes tlie shape of a bottle. Hodg-don; town in Aroostook County, Maine, named foi- the i)ro]>rietor, John Hodgdon. Hodgeman; county in Kansas, named for Amos Hodtreman, ca]>tain ('ompany H, Seventh Kansas. Hodgensville; town in Larue County, Kentucky, named for Kobert Hodgen. Hodges; ledge of rock in Massachusetts, named for Isaac Hodges. Hodges; town in Greenwood County, South Carolina, named for a resident family. Hoffman; mount in California, named for Charles F. Hoffman, State geological survey. Hoffman; village in Richmond Comity, North Carolina, named for a resident family. Hoffmans Ferry; village in Schenectady County, New York, named for John Hoff- man, owner of a ferry there. Hog Creek; village in Allen County, Ohio, named for a stream with the Indian name Koskosepe, meaning "hog river." Hohenlinden; village in Chickasaw County, ^lissouri, named for the village in Bavaria. Hohokus; town in Bergen County, New Jersey, said to be derived from the Indian word Ho-hokes, meaning "a shout," or " some kind of a ])ark of a tree." Hoisington; city in Barton County, Kansas, named for A. J. Hoisington, of (ireat Bend. Hokah; village in Houston County, Minnesota, named from the river. An Indian word, meaning "a horn." Hokaman; name of several lakes in INIinnesota. An Indian word, meaning "where herons set." Holbrook; town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, named for Elisha Ilolbrook, a prominent citizen. Holden; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, named for the Hon. Samuel Holden, one of the directors of the Bank of England. Holderness; town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, named after the district in Yorkshire, England. Holdridge; town in Pheljis County, Nebraska, named for G. W. ILjldridge, sui)er- intendent Burlington and Missouri River Railway. 13B- PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bui.i.. 197. Holland; village in Duboin County, Indiana, and city in Ottawa County, ]Michigan, named by early j^ettlers for the country of Europe. Hollandale ; town in WaHhington County, Missis^sippi, named for Dr. Holland, whose plantation the town site now occupies. Holland Patent; village in Oneida County, New York, named for Henry, Lord Holland, i)atentee. Holley; village in Orleans County, New York, named for ]\[yron Ilolley, one of tiie first canal commissioners. Holliday; town in John.son County, Kansas, named for Cyrus K. Holliday, of Topeka. Holliday; village in ^Monroe County, Missouri, named for Samuel Holliday, of St. i.ouis. Hollidaysburg; borough in Blair County, Pennsylvania, named for William and Adam Holliday, the first settlers. Hollis; town in Hillsboro C'ounty, New Hampshire, named for Thomas Hoi lis, a Ijenefactor of Harvard College; or, according to Togg, for the Duke of Newcastle. HoUister; town in San Benito County, California, named for Col. W. \V. Hollister, an early settler. Hollister; town in Middlesex County, INIassachusetts, named for Thomas Hollis, of London, a patron of Harvard College. Holly Beach; borough in Cape May County, New Jersey, named for a beach within its i)recincts where holly is supposed to have been found abundantly. Holly Springs; city in Marshall County, Mississippi, and village in Wake County, North Carolina, so named on account of the prevalence of these two features. Holmes; county in Mississippi, named for David Holmes, governor of the Territory and State, 1809-1817. Holmes; county in Ohio, named for Major Holmes, an rown County, Kansas, named for Chief Justice A. H. Horton. Hortonville; village in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, named for its founder. Hosensack; creek in Pennsylvania. A German word, meaning "breeches pocket," and so called by a hunter who became bewildered in its valley. Hosensack; village in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, named for the creek. Hospital Creek; stream in Vermont, so nameil because of the hospital built upon its banks, by General Gates. Hot Springs; county in Arkansas, so named for the famous sj)rings formerly within its limits. Houghton; county in Michigan, named for Douglas Houghton, formerly State gCdlogist. Houlton; town in Aroostook Covmty, Maine, i>anied for an early settler, Joseph Houltoii. Hounsfield; town in Jefferson County, New York, named for Ezra Hounsfield, early proprietor. Housatonic; river of Massachusetts and Connecticut. From the Indian words wussi, "beyond," and adene, "mountain," meaning "beyond the mountains." .Vccording to other authorities from the Indian words wassa, "])roud," aton, "stream," and ick, from azhubic, meaning "rocks," the whole meaning "proud river flowing through the rocks." Housatonic; village in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, named from the river. Houseville; village^ in Lewis County, New York, named for its founder, Eleazer House. Houston; this name is borne by many places in the United States, generally given in honor of Gen. Samuel Houston, among them being counties in Minnesota, Tennessee, and Texas; city in Chickasaw County, Mississippi, and the city in Texas County, Missouri; named for Gen. Samuel Houston. Houston; village in Kent County, Delaware, named for John W. Houston. Houstonia; village in Pettis County, Missouri, named for Gen. Samuel Houston. Houstoun; county in Georgia, named for John Houstoun, an early governor. Houtzdale; borough in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, named for Dr. Houtz, who owned the land upon which the town is built. Hovenweep; creek in .Mineral County, Colorado. An Indian word meaning "deserted valley." Ho'ward; c(>unty in Arkansas, named for James Howard, State senator. HoAvard; counties in Indiaria and Iowa, named for Gen. T. A. Howard, of Indiana. Howard; city in p]lk County, Kansas, named for Gen. O. O. Howard. Howard; county in Maryland, named for Gen. John Eager Howard, of Revolution- ary fame. Howard; county in Missouri, named for Gen. Benjamin Howard, an early governor. Howard; county in Texas, named for Volney Howard, United States Congressman. Howe; creek in Humboldt County, California, named for an early settler. Howell; town in Vanderburg County, Indiana, named for Capt. Lee Howell, local railroad man. Howell; county in Missouri, named for an early settler. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 141 Howell; town in JVIoiiiuoutli (\ninty, New Jersey, probahly named U>\- IJieliard Howell, an early governor. Howell; town in ]\Iarion County, Oregon, named for an early settler. Hoxie; eity in Sheridan County, Kansaw, named for H. M. Hoxie, genenil manager of the .Missouri Pacific Railroad. Hoyt; mount in Wyoming, named for Hon. Joim ^V. Hoyt, foruK-rly governor of W VI lining. Hubbard; county in .Minnesota, named for Luciu.s P. Hubbard, former governur. Hubbard; village in Dakota County, Nebraska, named forjudge A. W. l!u)il)ard. IHubbardston; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts; Hubbardton; town in Rutland County, Vermont. Named for Thomas Hubbard of Roston, one of its charter citizens. Hudson; town in Middlesex County, Massachu.setts, nameil for the Hon. Charles Hudson. Hudson; county in New Jersey, river, and city in C'olumliia County, New York, named for Henry Hudson, the discoverer. Hudson; village in Sununit County, Ohio, named for David Hudson, an early settler. Huerfano; county, town, river, and canyon in Colorado, named from an isolateil mountain in the river valley. A Spanish word, meaning "orphan." Hughes; county in South Dakota, named in honor of Alexander Hughes, legislator, 1S7:5. Hughesville; town in (dliiin County, Colorado, named for Patrick Hughes, ui)on whose ranch the town is located. Hugoton; city in Stevens County, Kansas, name authority gives it as a coml)ination of the Indian word Illini, meaning " men," and tiie French sutii.x ois, meaning " trihe," " band of men." Illyria; village in Fayette County, Iowa, nameil for the ancient Kingdom of Austria. Imlay City; village in Lapeer County, Michigan, named for Judge Imlay, of New York, w ho owned a mill in the townshij). Independence; name borne by 27 ]ilaces in the L^nited States, given them in com- memoration of the Declaration of Independence, aifiong them being a county, and the city in Montgomery County, Kansas. Indiana; State of the United States, so named because a comjiany of traders bought this tract of land lying along the Ohio from the Indians. Indiana; county in Pennsylvania, named from the general ai)])ellation of the Indian tribes. Indian Cattle; village in Herkimer County, New York, named from the Indian fort, part of a chain of defenses which guarded the api)roach to Canada. Industry; town in Franklin County, Maine, so named on account of the industrious character of the people. Ingalls; town in Payne County, Oklahoma, named for the Senator from Kansas. Ing-ham; county in Michigan, named for Samuel D. Ingham, Secretary of the Treas- ury under Jackson. Ingold; village in Sampson County, North Carolina, named for a resident family. Inkpa; tributary of the Minnesota River. An Indian word. Eenk-pa, or Piali, meaning "end" or "point." Inman; city in McPherson County, Kansas, named for Maj. Heni-y Inman. Inman; station in Holt County, Nebraska, named for W. H. Inman, an early settler. Inman; town in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, named for a resident family. Interlaken; city in Putnam County, Florida, so named on account of the surround- ing lakes. From Interlachen, meaning "among the lakes." Inverness; township in Cheboygan County, Michigan, named for the city in Scotland. Inverury; village in Sevier County, Utah, named for the town in Scotland. Inyankara; town in Crook County, Wyoming. From an Indian word, Isanyati, meaning "rocky hills." Ida; city in Allen County, Kansas, named for the wife of J. F. Collwrn. Ionia; name transferred from Greece to many places in the United States, among them being the county in Michigan. Iosco; county in Michigan. An Indian word, meaning "water of light," or "shin- ing water." Iowa; State of the United States, county in that State, and a county in Wisconsin. The name is derived from an Indian word, meaning "sleepy ones," or "the drowsy ones." Iowa Falls; city in Hardin County, Iowa, named for the falls in the river. Ipswich; town in Essex County, Massachusetts, named for the capital of Suffolk, England. I Ira; town in Rutland County, Vermont; Irasburg-; town in Orleans County, Vermont. Probably named for Ira Allen, a grantee. 144 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Iredell; roimty in North Carolina, named fur James Iredell, jnd<4e of the Supreme Court. Irion; county in Texas, named for an early settler. Iron; counties in Michigan, Missouri, Utah, and Wisc(in.sin, so named on account of the great amount of this ore found within th<^ir limits. Irondequoit; town in Monroe County, New York. iVn Indian word, which, accord- ing to some authorities, means "the i^lace where the waves gasp anT— 02 10 146 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 1'J7. Jamestuwu; city in CliautaiKjua County, New York, named for James Penderjiast, an early settler. Jamestown; town in Newport County, Rhode Island, named for the Duke of York and All)any, later James II of P^ngland. Jamestown; town in James City County, Virginia, named for King James I, and the first English settlement in America. Jamesville; village in Onondaga County, New York, named for James De Witt. Jamesville; town in Martin County, North Carolina, named for a prominent citizen. Janesville; town in Lassen Colmty, California, and city in Rock County, Wiscon- sin, named for Henry F. Janes. Janesville; town in Bremer County, Iowa, named for tlie wife of John T. Barrick, its founder. Jara; creek in Colorado. A Spanish word, literally "rock rose," Imt in connection with the creek meaning "willow brush." Jarrolds; vilhige in West Virginia, named for a resident family. Jasonville; village in (Greene County, Indiana, named for Jason Rogers, one of its founders. Jasper; many counties, towns, and villages in the United States bear the name of Sergeant Jasper, of Fort Moultrie (S. C. ) fame, who was killed in the siege of Savannah, among these being counties in Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Mis- sissippi, Missouri, Texas, and towns in Pickens County, Georgia, and Steuben County, New Y''ork. Java; town in Wyoming County, New Yoik, named for the island in the Malav Archipelago. Jay; county in Indiana; towns in Franklin County, Maine; Essex County, New York, and Orleans County, Vermont, named for Hon. John Jay, an eminent statesman, proprietor, and early governor of New Y''ork. Jeddo; village in Orleans County, New York, and borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, named for the capital of Japan, the old name of Tokyo. Jeff Davis; county in Texas, named for Jefferson Davis. Jefferson; many places in the United States have been named for Thomas Jeffer- son, third President, among them being counties in Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Y'ork, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, a parish in Louisiana, town in Coos County, New Hampshire, mount in Oregon, and a peak in the White Mountains of New Ilampsliire. Jefferson; town in Ashe County, North Carolina, named for a i)rominent citizen. Jefferson; county in Texas, named for Jefferson Beaumont, an early settler and prominent citizen. Jekyl; island in Georgia, named for Sir Joseph Jekyl. Jenkintown; borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, named for William Jenkins, early settler. Jennings; county in Indiana, named for Jonathan Jennings, tirst governor of the State. Jenny; lake in YelloWvStone Park, named for the Shoshone wife of Richard Leigh. Jenny Lind; town in Calaveras County, California, named for the Swedish songstress. Jerauld; county in South Dakota, named for H. J. Jerauld, legislator. Jericho; town in Chittenden ('ounty, Vermont, named for the ancient city in Palestine. Jerome; town in Bladen County, North Carolina, named for a ]irominent citizen. Jeromeville; village in Ashland County, Ohio, named for John Baptiste Jerome, a French trader. Jersey; county in Illinois, named from the State of New Jersey. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 147 Jersey City; city in Hudson County, New Jcryoy, originally called the "city of JiTsey," named lrrook near Walden, Vermont, named for Captain Joe, a friendly I ndian of the St. Francis tribe. John Day; river in Oregon, and town in Crant County of the same State, named for a mendx'r of Hunt's Astoria overland expedition. Johns; creek in Huml)oldt County, California, named for an early settler. Johnsburg; town in Warren County, New York, named for John Thnrman, an early settler. Johnson; county in Arkansas, named forjudge Benjamin Johnson. Johnson; county in (ieorgia, named f(jr Covernor H. V. Johnson. Johnson; county in Indiana, nameil for John J((hnson, judge of the supreme court (t( the State. Johnson; counties in Illinois, Kentucky, ^Missouri, and Nebraska, named for Richard Johnson, Vice-President of the United States. Johnson; county in Iowa, named for Andrew" Johnson. Johnson; county in Kansas, named for Rev. Thomas Johnson, nnssionary to the Shawnees. Johnson; city in Stanton County, Kansas, named for Col. Alexander S. Johnson, of Topeka. Johnson; village in Nemaha County, Nebraska, named for Julius A. Johnson, large landowner. Johnson; county in Tennessee, named for Samuel Jolinson. Johnson; county in Texas, named for M. C. Johnson, memljer of Texas congress. Johnson; town in Lamoille County, Vermont, named for the ])roprietor, William S. Johnson. Johnsons; creek in New York, named for Sir William Johnson, who eiu'amped on its banks when on his way to Fort Niagara. Johnsonville; town in Humphreys County, Tennessee, nameil for .\ndn'w Johnson. Johnston; town in Rhode Islaml, named for Augustus J. .Tohnston, attorney-general of the colony. Johnston; j)ass in ITtah, named for Oen. A. S. .lohnston. Johnstons; county in North Carolina, named for Gabriel Johnston, governor. Johnsto^wn; city in Fulton County, New York, named for its founder, Sir W^illiani Jrietors. Jonesboro; town in Washington County, Tennessee, named for William Jones, a North Carolinian statesman. Jonesport; town in Washington County, Maine, named f(.)r John C. Jones, one of the original proprietors. Jonesville; town in Bartholomew County, Indiana, named for Benjamin Jones, its founder. Jonesville; town in Union County, South Carolina, named for a resident family. Joplin; city in Jasper County, Missouri, named from Joplin Creek, whicli was named for Rev. II. G. Joplin, who lived on its banks. Joppa; name which is l)orne by 11 places in the United States, and which was transferred from the ancient city in Palestine. Jordan; this name, either alone or with suffixes, is borne by 27 places in the United . States, and was transferred from the river of Palestine. Among these places are villages in New London County, Connecticut, Onondaga County, New York, and a stream in Utah. Joseph; peak in Yellowstone Park, named for the famous Nez Perce, Chief Joseph. Josephine; county in Oregon, named for Josephine Rollins, the daughter of the discoverer of the first g(;)ld found in that county. Juab; county in Utah, named for a friendly Indian of the region. Juan de Fuca; strait separating Washington from A'ancouver Island, named for a Greek navigator in the Spanish service, who explored it. Judith; river in Montana, named for Miss Hancock, of Fincastle, Virginia. Judsonia; town in White County, Arkansas, named for Rev. Adoniram Judson, a Baptist missionary. Juhelville; village in Jefferson County, New York, named for Madame Juhel, rela- tive of the Le Ray family. Julesburg; town in Sedgwick County, Colorado, said to be named for Jules Benard, a frontiersman. Julien; township in Dubuque County, Iowa, named for Julien Dubuque, the French trader for whom the county was named. Jump-ofif-Joe; stream in southern Oregon, so named because a trai)per, Joe McLoughlin, fell from the bluff of the stream and was badly injured. Junction; city in Geary County, Kansas, so named because it is near the junction of the Republican and Smoky Hill rivers. Junction; borough in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, so named l)ecause it is situ- ated at the junction of two railroads. Junction; butte in Yellowstone Park, so named because it is at the junction of the Yellowstone and Lamar rivers. GANNETT] PLACE NAMES TN THE UNITED STATES. 14V) Juneau; county and city in Dodjic Covnity. Wisconsin, named for the founder of ^Milwaukee. Juniata; county, river, Imroufili, and a to\vnslii]> in Terry County, IVnnsylvania; Juniataville; village in Fayt'tte County, rennsylvania. Fi-om Indian word whicli means "they stay long," or, according to another derivation, "lieyond the great l)end." Junius; town in Seneca County, New York, named l)y the State land hoard for Junius, of the classics. Kahoka; city in Clark County, ^lissouri. See CahoJcid. Kaibab; ])lateau in Arizona. An Indian word meaning "mountain lyingth)wn." Kalama; town in Cowlitz County, Washington, i)rol)al)ly named from the Indian, Okala kalama. meaning "a goose." Kalamazoo; city, river, and county in ^lichigan. According to one authority derived from tlie Indian word Negikaiiamazo, meaning "otter tail;" '^beautiful watt'r" and "boiling water" are other versions. Kalispel; city in Flatheatl County, IMontana, named for an Indian tribe. Kamas; town in Sunnnit County, Utah. The Indian name for root, which is used as food by the Indians of the Pacific coast. Kamrar; town in Hamilton County, Iowa, named for Senator Kamrar. Kanab; town, creek, and jilateau in Kane County, Ftah. Indian word, meaning " willow." Kanabec: county in Minnesota. An Indian word, meaning "snake." Kanawha; river in North Carolina, river and county in West Virginia. DtM-ived from an Indian word, meaning " river of the Avoods." Kandiyohi; town and county in Minnesota. From the Indian kandi, "buffalo fiesh," and lyohl, "to reach me." Kane; county in Illinois, named for Elias Kent Kane. (Kane; county in Utah; wa, named for an Indian chief, the word meaning "running, or watchful fox."" Keosauqua; town in Van I'uren county, Iowa. An Indian word, meaning "the great hend," so named for a hend in the Des Moines River. Keota; town in Keokuk County, Iowa. .\n Indian word, meanint: eitlier "gone to visit" or "the fire is gone out.'" Kern; county, city, and river in California, named for three brothers. Kernersville; town in Forsyth County, North Carolina, named for a prominent citizen. Kerr; county and town in Texas, named for James Kerr, prominent early settler. Kershaw; county and town in Lancaster County, South Cai-olina, named for the Kershaw family, early settlers. Keshena; town in Shawano County. "Wisconsin, named for an Indian chief, the word meaning "swift flying." Ketten Chow; valley in California. An Indian word meaning "canunas valley." Kewaskuni; village in Washington, named for an old Indian chief, the word mean- ing "returning track." Kewaunee; county, city, and river in Wisconsin. An Indian word, meaning "prairie hen or wild duck," or according to another authority, "to go round." Keweenaw; county in ^Michigan; the vicinity so named l)y the Indians because of the point of land which projects into Lake Superior; the word meaning* "canoe carried back," "carrying place," hence a portage. Keyapaha; county aninisylvania, named from the river, which doubtless received this Indian name, signifyinir "they gobble," on account of the wild turkeys which fre(|uent its banks. Kiowa; counties in Colorado and Kansas, anlace." Kossuth; cotinty in Iowa, plantation in Washington Comity, Maine, town in Alcorn County, Mississippi, and village in Auglaize C'onnty, Ohio, named for Louis Kossuth, the Polish patriot. Kotzebue; sound of Alaska, named for its discoverer, the Russian navigator. Otto von Kotzebue. Kreischerville; village in Richmond County, New York, named for B. Kreischer. Krenitzin; five islands in tlie Aleutian Archipelago, named for the navigator who first discovered them. Kubbakwana; lake at the sources of the Mississippi. An Indian word, meaning "rest in the path." Kutztown; borough in Rerks County, Pennsylvania, named for George Kutz, who laid out the town. K^wicMuak; an arm of the Yukon River in Alaska. An Indian word, meaning "crooked river." La Bajada; town in New ^Mexico, on the road from Santa Fe, which at this point makes a rapid descent. It was named by the Spanish on this account La P>ajashin>. Laflin; borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, probably named for Latiin, of the lirm of Lntlin tt Rand, powder manufacturers. Lafourche; parish in Louisiana, Jiamed for the Bayou La Fourche, winch intersects it; the name, a French one, meaning "the fork." L'Ag-les; stream in Bradley County, Arkansas, named from the French word I'aigle, "eagle." Lagrange; county in Indiana, and towns in Dutchess County, New York, and Lenoir County, North Carolina, named for the home of Lafayette, near Paris. Lagrue; stream in Arkansas; a French w'ord, meaning "the crane." Laingsburg; village in Shiawas.see County, ]Michigan, named for Dr. Laing, early settler and founder of the village. Lairdsville; village in Oneida County, New York, named for Samuel Laird, early settU-r. La Junta; town in Otero County, Colorado, at the junction of two railroads; a Spanish name, meaning "junction" or "meeting." Lake; a name given to 11 counties in the United States because of the presence of such ])odies of water either within or near them. These are in the States of California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, and Tennessee. Lake; city in Columbia County, Florida, see. Larue; county in Kentut'ky, named for John La Kue, an early settler. Lasalle; counties in Illinois and Texas; city in Lasalle County, Illinois, and village in Niagara Cf>unty, New York, named for Rene Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle. Las Animas; county in Colorado, and town in Bent County in the same State. A contraction of the name originally given the river by the Spaniards, Kl Rio de las Animas Perditas, "tlie river of lost souls," because traditionally a Spanish regiment on its way to Florida was lost here. Lassecks; peak in Huiul)oldt County, California, named for an Indian chief. Lassen; county and peak in California, named for Peter Lassen, an early explorer. Las Vegas; city in San Miguel County, New Mexico. A Sjianish name, meaning "the plains," or the "meadows," and given this city on account <>( its situation in the midst of a fertile meadow. Latrobe; borougli in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, named for Benjamin II. Latrobe, jr. Latta; town in Marion County, South Carolina, named for a jirominent family. Lattimore; town in Cleveland County, N(jrth Carolina, named for a prominent resident. Latty; village in Paulding County, Ohio, named for the tirst settler. Judge A. S. Latty. Lauderdale; counties in Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee, and town in Lauder- dale County, Mississippi, named for Col. James Lauderdale. Laughery; river and town in Ohio County, Indiana, so named from the massacre of Captain Laughery's company by the Indians. Laughing Fish. Pond; point in Schoolcraft County, IMichigan, so named from the Indian name, Stikameg bapid, meaning " laughing white tisli." 158 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Laura; village in Knott Connty, Nebraska, named for the wife of the first settler, whose name was Estep or p]stop. Laurel; county in Kentucky and town in Jones County, Mississippi, so named on account of the dense laurel thickets growing within their limits. Laurens; county in Georgia, named for Col. John Laurens, of Soutli Carolina, the Bayard of the American Revolution; Laurens; county in South Carolina and town in same county, named for Col. Henry Laurens and his son, John. Lausanne; township in Carbon County, Peinisylvania, named from the town in Switzerland. Lavaca; river, county, and l>ay in Texas. A corruption of the name, Les Vaches, given the river by the Spanish explorer. La Salle, on account of the number of buffalo found there; Les Vaches meaning " the cows." Lavallette; city in Ocean County, New Jersey, named for a resident family. Lawrence; many places in the United States bear the name of James Lawrence, caj)tain in the memorable battle with the British on I^ake Erie. Among these are counties in Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. Lawrence; creek in Hund)oldt County, California, nanied for an early settler. Lawrence; city in Douglas County, KaiL'^as, named f(jr Amos Lawrence, of Boston. Lawrence; city in Essex County, Massachusetts, named for Hon. Abbott Lawrence, of Boston. Lawrence; county in South Dakota, named for John Lawrence, former member of State legislature. Lawrenceburg; city in Dearborn County, Indiana, named for the wife of Captain Vance, whose maiden name was Lawrence. I Lawrenceburg; town in Lawrence County, Tennessee; Lawrenceville; town in Gwinnett County, Georgia, and city in Lawrence County, Illinois. Named for Capt. James Lawrence. Lawson; village in Clear Creek County, Colorado, named /or Alexander Lawson, keeper of a wayside inn. Lawton; village in Van Buren County, Michigan, named for Nathaniel Lawton, who donated the right of way to the Michigan Central Railroad. Leadbetter; point in Shoalwater Bay, Washington, named for Lieutenant Leadbetter, United States Army. Lead; city in Lawrence C'ounty, South Dakota; Lead Hill; town in Davidson County, North Carolina; Leadville; city in Lake County, Colorado. So named on a-ccount of the species of ore found within their limits. Leake; county in Mississippi; Leakesville; town in Greene County, Mississippi. Named for the Hon. Walter Leake, an early governor of the State. Leaksville; village in Rockingham County, North Carolina, named for a prominent resident. Leakton; village in Newton County, (ieorgia, named for the man who kept the village store in early times. Leavenworth; town in Crawford County, Indiana, nan)ed for the proprietors, S. M. and Z. Leavenworth. Leavenworth; city and connty in Kansas, named for Gen. Henry Leavenworth, for whom Fort Leavenworth is named. Lebanon. This name, either alone or with the suliixe.s "Church," "Junction," "Lake," or "Spring," forms the name of 33 places in the United States, named either directly or indirectly from the mountain of Palestine; Lebanon County in Pennsylvania and city in the same county being of these. OANNETT.I PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 159 Lebo; rity in Coffey County, Kansas, muned for an early settler. Leboeuf; townshii) in Erie Connty, I'ennsylvania, named from tlie creek wliich wa&i so named by the French on account of the number of Imffalo found upon its Ijanks. Le Claire; town in Scott County, Iowa, nanu>d for Antoine I.e Clair, French founder of Davenport. Lecompton; city in Douirlas County, Kansas, named for .Indite D. S. I.ecompte, chief justice of tlie Territory. Leconte; mountain in Tennessee, named for Joseph Leconte, a geologist. Ledyard; town in New London County, Connecticut, named for Col. William Fed- yard, of the State militia. Ledyard; town in (Cayuga County, New Yoik, named for Fenjamin Ledyard, agent for tlie dis])osai of tlie lands of the military tract. Lee; caina, Arkansas, Florida, Kentui-ky, INlississippi, and Texas, named for Robert F. Lee, commander of the armies of the Confederacy. Lee; counties in < ieorgia aneitcli. Leland; village in La Salle County, Illinois, named for Edwin S. Leland. Le Mars; city in Plymouth County, Iowa. The name is com])Osed of the initials of the ladies who accompanied its founder on his first visit to the spot, 1(30 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Lienape; villages in Leaven\V(jrtli County, Kan.^as, and Chester County, Pennsylva- nia. The name is the original name of the Delaware Indians, and means "origi- nal or tirst people." Lenoir; comity, and town in Caldwell County, North Carolina, named for Gen. William Lenoir, Revolutionary ofticer. Lenora; eity in Norton County, Kansas, named for Mrs. Lenora Hauser. Lenox; town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, the family name of the Duke of Kic'hmond, Avho was secretary of state at the time. Leominster; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, named for the town in I lertfordshire, England. Leon; c(jmity in Florida, and city in Butler County, Kansas, named for Ponce de Leon. Leon; county in Texas, nameold, King of the Belgians. Leoti; city in Wichita County, Kansas, named for a white girl captured hy the Indians, the name meaning " ])rairie flower." Le Ray; town in Jefferson County, New York, named for Mr. J^e Ray Chaumont. Le Raysville; l)orough in Bradford County, Pemisylvania, named for Vincent Le Kay, the son of a large landowner. Lc Roy; town in Osceola County, Michigan, named for an Indian ciiief who lived near tiie tow n. Leroy; t(j\vn in Oenesee County, New York, name\vn in AValdn County, Maine. Named for Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, I an otticerof the Kevolution. Lincolnville ; town in Berkeley County, South ( 'arolina, named fui- Pre.'^ident Abra- ham Lincoln. Lindley; town in Steuben County, New York, named for Col. Eleazar Lindley. Lindsay; creek in Humboldt C'onnty, California, named for an early settler. Lindsborg-; city in McPherson County, Kansas, so named because the first syllable of the names of many of the early settlers was "linds," the "Ixjrg" being added, which in Swedish means "castle." liine Port; town in Stewart County, Tennessee, so named because it is situated l)Oth upon the Cumberland River and on the lines between the States of Kentucky and Tennessee. Liinn; counties in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Oregon; village in Osage County, Missouri, and mountain in CaUfornia; Linneus; city in Linn County, Missouri. Named for Hon. J^ewis F. Linn, United States Senator from Missouri. liinton; city in ( ireene County, Indiana, named for a resilace in New Jersey, taking its name from a branch of South Shrewsbury River. Long Island; island on the Atlantic coast, part of the State of New York. An angli- cization of the Dutch name Lange Eylandt. 164 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [buij,. 197. Xiong'ineado'w; town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, so named on account of the jiresence of a long meadow within the township. liOngmont; town in Boulder County, Colorado. A combination of the name of the discoverer of Longs Peak and the French mont, "mountain." liOngton; city in Elk County, Kansas, named for the town in England. Long-s; peak in Colorado, named for Capt. Stephen 1). Long. liOng Tom; stream in the Willamette Valley; the name a corrujition of the Indian name, Lung-tum-ler. lionoke; county in Arkansas. Said by one authority to have been named for the Indian tribe, the word meaning "the people," but according to another au- thority it was so named on account of the present-e of a lone oak tree which stood near its present site. Lonsdale; village in Providence County, Rhode Island, named for tiie division in England. Liookout; capes in North Carolina and Oregon, so named because of the dangers of navigation at these points. Lookout; mountain in Tennessee; so named on account of the extensive prospect from its summit. Loretto; ]>orough in Cand)ria County, Pennsylvania, named from the city in Italy. Los Angeles; county and city in California. A Spanisli name meaning "the angels." Los Gatos; city in Santa Clara County, California. A Spanish name meaning "the cats," and doubtless applied to the city because of the presence of wild-cats in tlie country. Los Pinos; river in Colcjrado. A Sjjanish name meaning "the pines." Lost; river in Washington County, Indiana, which for several miles is lost in a sul)terranean channel. Lost River; stream in Virginia, so called because of its abrupt disapi)earance at the foot of a mountain. Lott; town in Falls County, Texas, named for a prominent citizen. Loudon; town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, named for the Earl of Loudon. Loudon; county in Tennessee, named for Fort Loudon. Loudoun; county in A^irginia, named for the Earl of Loudon. Louisa; county in Iowa, named for Louisa Massey. Louisa; county and town in same county, in Virginia, named for the daughter of George II. Louisburg; town in Franklin County, North Carolina, named for the fortress. Louisiana; State in the Union, named for Louis XIV of France. Louisiana; city in Pike County, Missouri, named for Louisiana Territory, of which it was a part when founded. Louisville; city in Pottawatomie County, Kansas, named for Louis Wilson, the son of the original preemptor of the town site. Louisville; city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, named for Louis XVI of France. Louisville; town in Winston County, Mississippi, named for Col. Louis Winston, a prominent early settler. Loup; county in Nebraska, named f(jr the tribe of Pawnee Loui>s. Love; town in De Soto County, INIississippi, named for Colonel Love. Loveland; village in Larimer County, Colorado, named for Hon. W. A. H. Love- land. Lovell; town in Oxford County, Maine. Lovevrell; mountain and pond in New Hampshire, named for Capt. John Lovewell, the hero of a fight with the Indians. Loving; county in Texas, named for Oliver Loving, an early pioneer. Lowell; military post in Arizona, named for (ien. C. R. Lowell. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATEt^. 165 Lowell; town in IVnobai'ut County, Maine, named for Ivowell llayden, the first person born within its limits. Lowell, city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts; plantation in Franklin County, Maine; town in (Jaston County, North Carolina, and villairc in Kent County, Michigan, named for Francis ('aljot Lowell, of Boston. Low Freight; stream in Clark County, Arkansas; the name a corrujition of the oiiginal French name, I'eau froid, meaning "cold water." Lowndes; counties in Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi, named for William Jones Lowndes, member of Congress from South C^arolina. Lowndesville; town in Abbeville County, South Carolina, named for tiie Lowndes family, prominent in that State. Lowville; town in Lewis County, New York, named for Nicholas Low. Loy alhanna ; stream and township in Pennsylvania. The name a corrnptioii of the Indian word Laweel-hanna, meaning "the middle stream." Loyalsock; branch of the Su.squehanna River and a township in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. A corruption of the Indian Lawi-sacpiik, meaning "the middle creek." Loydsville; town in Belmont County, Ohio, named for a Welsh family. Lubbock; county in Texas, named for Tom Lubbo(;k, a colonel in the civil war. Lucas; county and town in same county in Iowa, and ciounty in Ohio, named for Robert Lucas, governor of Ohio and first governor of lovva Territory. Luce; county in Michigan, named for Governor Cyrus G. Luce. /Lucerne; town in Columbiana County, Ohio; 1 Lucerne villa; village in Knox County, Ohio. Named for the lake in Switzerland. Ludington; city in ^Ia.son County, Michigan, named for James Ludington, of Milwaukee. Ludlow; town in Kentim County, Kentucky, named for Israel Ludlow, a j)r(jminent pioneer. Ludlow; town in llami)den County, Massachusetts, namehio, named for the city of Spain. Malcom; town in Poweshiek County, Iowa, named for an early Scotch settler. Maiden; city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, named for the town in England. Malheur; river and county in Oregon. A French word, meaning "misfortune." Malmaison; village in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, named for a chateau in France. Malta; towns in Morgan County, Ohio, and Saratoga County, New York, named for the island in the Mediterranean Sea. Malvern; several towns in the United States have been named for the watering })lace in England. Mamajuda; island in the Detroit River, Michigan, named for an Indian squaw. Mamakating; town in Sullivan County, New York, named for an Indian chief. Mamaroneck; town in Westchester County, New York, named for an Indian chief. Mammoth; cave in Kentucky, so named on account of its great size. Manada; stream in Daujjhin County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning "an island." Manahan; stream in York County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning "where liquor has been drunk." Manahawkin; town in Ocean County, New Jersey, and a creek in the same state. An Indian name, meaning "good corn land," and applied to this section on account of the productiveness of the land. Manalapan; river in New Jersey. An Indian word, meaning "good bread or good country." Manan; islands on the coast of Maine. The Indian word for island. Manasquan; village in Monmouth County, New Jersey. An Indian word, said to mean "an island with an inclosure for squaws." Manatawny; branch of the Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania. Derived from the Indian word, menhaltanink, "here we drank" (liquor). 170 fLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [kuu.. 197. Manatee; county, town, ami river in Florida, so nameil bceanpe the yea cow is found . on the coast. Manaticut; river in Massachusetts, named from the Indian and i)ro])a1;)ly meaning "a place of observation." Manato-Kike'we ; stream in Wisconsin. An Indian word, meaning "stooping spirit river." Mancebona; village in Antrim County, Michigan, named for the youngest daughter of the first settler, Mancebona Andrews. Manchester; cities in Chesterfield County, Virginia, Essex County, Massachusetts, and Hillsboro County, New Hampshire, and village in Ontario C(junty, New York, named for the city in England. Mandan; city in Morton County, North D.ikota, named for the Indian tribe. Mandarin; town in Duval County, Elorida, so named because its chief orange crop is radie ^Mitchell, governor of the Statt> in early days. Mitchell; county and town in Iowa, named for John Mitchell, the Irish ])atriot. Mitchell; county in Kansas, named for Gen. William I). Mitchi'll. Mitchell; county in North Carolina, named for Elisha JMitchell. Mitchell; town in Wheeler County, Oregon, named for Senator John II. Mitchell. Mitchell; county in Texas, nanietague. Montana; State in the Union. A Latin word, meaning "mountainous region," and applicable to this State on account of the nature of its topography. GANNETT] PLACE NAMP:s IT^ the ITNITEJ) STATES. 183 Montauk; licaillaiid at the cxlrciiic eastern |Miiiit ni l.ont;- Island, New \'()rk. A corniiitinn '>i tlie Indian, Minnawtawkit. iiieaiiiim "island |)lare,'" or ''in the island cduntiy." Montcalm; (•(Hinty in Mii-hifjan, luiined lor (ieneral Montcalm. Montclair; town in Kswx Conntv, New .Tersi'v, named from "('leai' Monntain." Monte Diablo; monntain in California. A S[)anisli name, nieam'nL;' "monntain of the anish word, meaning "wild horse of the prairie," herds of wild hor.ses having been abundant in Texas at an early date. Muttonville; village in Ontario County, New York, so named l)ecause of the estab- lishment of a tallow chandlery there. Myerstown; village in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, named for its founder, Isaac Myers. Myrtle; village in Union County, Mississippi, so called because of the abun^dance of myrtle trees in the vicinity. Mystic; river and village in New London County, Connecticut, and river in Massa- chusetts. From the Indian, missi, "great," and tuk, "tidal river;" hence "the great river." Nacooche; town and valley in White County, Georgia. An Indian name, meaning "evening star." Nahant; town and watering place in Essex County, Massachusetts. According to different authorities an Indian word, meaning "at the point," or "two things united," the latter jneaning given because the town is formed of two islands con- nected by a beach. Nahma; town in Delta County, Michigan, on Sturgeon River. The Indian name for sturgeon. Naiwa; tributary of the Mississippi. An Indian word, meaning "copper snake river." Namekagon; lake in Wisconsin. Derived from the Indian, nania, "sturgeon," signifying "a place where sturgeons are plenty." Nameoki; town in Madison County, Illinois. An Indian word, meaning "fishing place," or "place of tish." Nance; county in Nebraska, named for All)inus Nance. Nansemond; river and county in Virginia. Said to l)e derived from the Indian, Neunschimend, "whence we fled," or " whence we were driven off." Nantahala; rivers in Georgia, and Macon County, North Carolina. An Indian word, meaning " maiden's bosom." Nanticoke; town in Broome County, New York, borough in Luzerne County, Penn- sylvania, and mountain in the same State, and river in Delaware, named for the Indian tribe, the w'ord meaning "tidewater people." Nantucket; island and county in Massachusetts. This name appeared upon the maps in 1630 as Natocko, and some authorities state that it is derived from an Indian word, meaning "far away;" others say that its present form is a direct derivation of the Indian, Nantnck, which means that the sandy, sterile soil tempted no one. 188 PLACE NAMES IKL THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Napa; county, and city in same county, in California. Said to be an Indian word, meaning "city," or "liouse." Narka; city in Kepublican County, Kansas, named for the dauo:hter of a railroad otiicial; the name of Indian derivation. Narragansett; summer resort in Washington County, Rhode I.sland. An angliciza- tion of the Indian name of a tribe, which in their language means, " peoj»le of the point." Nash; county in North Carolina, named for General Francis Nash. Nashota; town in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. An Indian word which, in the Algonquin and Dakota languages, means, respectively, "the twins," or "kicks np smoke." Nashua; city in Hillsboro County, New Hampshire, and town in Chickasaw County, Iowa. An Indian word, meaning "the land between." Nashville; town in Nash County, North Carolina, a number of towns and a city in Davidson County, Tennessee, named for Gen. Francis Nash. Nashville; town in Holmes County, Ohio, probably named for Judge Simon Nash. Nassau; counties in Florida and New York and several towns in different States> named for tlie Duchy of Nassau in Germany. Natchaug; rivei' in Connecticut. Derived from an Indian word, meaning "land between," or "in the middle." Natchez; city in Adams County, Mississipisi, named for the Indian tribe, the word meaning "hurrying men," or "one running to war." Natick; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. An Indian word, meaning "the j)lace of hills." Natrona; county in Wyoming. Derived from the Spanish, natron, meaning "native carlumate of soda," and given this county because of the sin-ings within its limits. Naubue; town in Hartford County, Connecticut. Said to be a corruption of the Indian, upauk, "Hooded," or "overtiowed." Naugatuck; i-iver and borough in New Haven County, Connecticut. Authorities differ as to the meaning of its Indian origin, giving l)oth "one tree," and "fork of the river." Nauvoo; city in Hancock County, Illinois, named in obedience to a "revelation" made to Joseph Smith, one of its Mormon founders. Navajo; county, and town in Apache County, Arizona, named for the Indian tribe, who are said to have been so named l)y the Spaniards, the word meaning a kind of clasj) knife, and as applied to the tribe signifying "a knife-whetting people." Navarre; village in Stark County, Ohio, named for the province in Spain. Navarro; county in Texas, named for Jose Antonio Navarro, a Mexican by birth, but a ])rominent Texas citizen. Navesink; village in Monmouth County, New Jersey. An Indian word, meaning "high land between waters." Navidad; village in Jackson County, Texas. Spanish word, meaning "Christmas Day." Nayattpoint; village in Bristol County, Rhode Island. Probably a corruption of tlie Indian, nayaug, meaning a "point" or "corner." Nazareth; borough in Northamjiton County, Pennsylvania, named for the Ijirth- place of Jesus Christ. Nebo; several towns and villages in the United States and a mountain in the Wasatch Range, IT tab, named for the mount in Palestine. Nebo; town in Hopkins County, Kentucky. An Indian word, meaning "dead." Nebraska; State and river in the United States. An Indian word, meaning "shal- low, or broad water." Necedah; village in Juneau County, Wisconsin. A corru}»tion of the Chippewa Indian, nissida, "let there be three of us." GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IlSr THE UNITED STATES. 189 Needham; town in Norfolk Connty, Massachusetts, named for the town in Pjigland. Needles; peaks of the Mojave Mountains in Cahfornia, so named on account of their pecuHarly sliarp and slender outlines. A station on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad in California. Negaunee; city in Marquette County, Michigan. An Indian word, meaning "first," "ahead," "he goes before;" an effort to translate the English word "pioneer." Neillsville; city in Clark County, Wisconsin, named for a family of early settlers. Nelig-h; city in Antelojie County, Nebraska, named for Hon. John D. Neligh. Nelson; counties in Kentucky and Virginia, named for Thomas Nelson, governor of Virginia in 1781. Nelson; village in Nuckolls County, Nebraska, named for ('. Nelson Wheeler, who owned the town site. Nelson; county in North Dakota, named for Hon. N. E. Nelson, a jirominent pioneer settler. Nelsonville; town in rutnani County, New York, named for Elislia Nelson, who built the lirst house in the village. Nennescah; river in Kansas. An Indian word, meaning "good river." Neodesha; city in Wilson County, Kansas, at the junction of the Fall and \'erdigris rivers, and for this reason given the Indian name, which means "meeting of the waters." Neoga; village in Cuml)erland County, Illinois. An Indian word, meaning "the place of the Deit}'." I Neosho; river and county in Kansas and city in Newton County, Mi.ssouri; Neosho Falls; city in Woodson County, Kansas. An Indian word, meaning " clear cold water." Nepaug; small stream in Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning " waters," or "fresh pond." Nephi; city in Jual) Connty, Utah, named for the youngest son of Lelii, a character of the Book of Mormon. Neponset; village in Bureau County, Illinois. An Indian word, meaning " he walks in his sleep." Neptune City; borough in Monmouth Connty, New Jersey, so named because of its location on the seaside. Nesbitt; town in De Soto County, Mississippi, named for early settlers. Nescopeck; creek and borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning "deep and still water." Neshaminy; stream in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning "a stream formed by the confluence of two branches." (Neshannock; stream and a village in Mercer County, Pennsylvania; •^ Neshannock Falls; village in I^awrence County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, I meaning " both streams," or "the streams making one by flowing together." Neshoba; county in ]Missi.«sippi. An Indian word, meaning "grey wolf." Nesowadnehunk; stream and mountains in Maine. An Indian name, meaning "stream among the mountains." Nesquehoning; stream and village in Carbon C'ounty, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning "black lick." Ness; county, and city in same county, in Kansas, named for Corpl. Noah V. Ness, of the Seventh Kansas Cavalry. Nesselroad; village in Jackson County, West Virginia, named for the flrst post- master. Nettle Carrier; creek and village in Overton County, Tennessee, named for a Chero- kee Indian of local note. Nettleton; towns in Caldwell County, Missouri, and Lee Connty, Mississippi, named for a former vice-president of the Kansas City, Memphis and Birming- ham Railroad. 190 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Nevada; State of the Union, counties in Arkansas and California and mountains of tlie western coast. A Spanish word, meaning "snow clad, snowy land," originally applied to the snow-capped mountains. New; village in Oconto County, Wisconsin, named for Hon. John C. New, of Indianapolis. New Almaden; the most productive quicksilver mine in the United States, named for the mine in Spain. Newark; cities in Essex County, New Jersey, and Licking County, Ohio, and town in Newcastle County, Delaware, named for the town in England. Newaygo; county and village in same county in Michigan, named for an Indian chief. The name said to mean " much water." New Bedford; city in Bristol County, Massachusetts. The name of the owner of the town site being Russell, the family name of the Duke of Bedford. Newbern; city in Craven County, North Carolina, named for the town in Switzer- land. Newberry; mountain in California, named for Captain Newberry. Newberry; village in Luce County, Michigan, named for John A. Newberry, stock- holder in the Detroit, Mackinac and Marquette Railroad. Newberry; county and town in same county in South Carolina, said to have been named for a i^rominent resident family, or, according to another authority, for a cajitain in Sumter's State troops. New Braunfels; city in Comal County, Texas, named for. the town in Prussia. New Bremen; village in Auglaize County, Ohifi, named for the Duchy in Germany. New Brunswick; city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, incorporated in the time of and named for King George the Second, of the House of Brunswick. Newburg; city in Orange County, New York, named for the town in Scotland. I Newbury; town in Essex County, Massachusetts; Newburyport; city in Essex County, Massachusetts, originally a part of Newbury. Named for the town in England. Newcastle; several places in the United States, among them a town in Lincoln County, Maine, named for the town in England or for the Duke of Newcastle. New Egypt; village in Ocean County, New Jersey. The place so named because a great deal of corn was raised and ground at tlie mill there. Newfane; town in Windham County, Vermont, said to have been named for Thomas Fane, one of the "men of Kent." New Florence; city in Montgomery County, Missouri, named for the daughter of E. A. Lewis, an early settler, and given the prefix to distinguish it from another town of the same name in the State. New Geneva; village in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, named for the principal city of Switzerland. New Hamburg; village in Scott County, Missouri, named for the city in Germany. New Hampshire; one of the States of the Union, named for the county in England. New Hanover; county in North Carolina, named for tlie Duchy of Germany. New Harmony; town in Posey County, Indiana, settled by the "Harmonists," and named for their sect. New Haven; county, and town in same county, in Connecticut, settled by parties from Boston, who called it a "new haven." New Haven; town in Addison County, Vermont, named for town in Connecticut. New Iberia; town in Iberia Parish, Louisiana, given the ancient name of Spain Newicargut; river in Alaska. An Indian word, meaning "frog river." New Jersey; one of the States of the Union; originally a grant to Sir George Car- teret, who named it for his home on the Isle of Jersey, off the coast of England. New Kent; county in Virginia, and island in Chesapeake Bay, named forthe county in England. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES TN THE UNITED STATES. 191 New London; city and county in Connecticut, and town in Stanly (\)unty, North Carolina, named for the city in England. New Madrid: county and city in same county in Missouri, the land originally a grant to ( ieii. < ieorge Morgan from Spain and named by him for its i)rincipal city. New Marlboro; town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, named for the town in I\hissachusetts, which in turn was named for tlie county in England. New Mexico; Territory in the Union, natned for the country of INIexico. (Newman; city in Coweta County, (Georgia; JNewmanville; village in Alachua ('ounty, Florida. Named for (ien. Daniel New- man, an otiicer in the Seminole war. New Orleans; city in Orleans Varish, Louisiana, named for the city in France. Newport; county in Khode Island, and towns in C'arteret C-ounty, North Carolina, and Herkimer County, New York, named for the city of Newport, Rhode Island. Newport; city in Newport County, Rhode Island, so named by a ])arty of settlers from rortsmouth, who called it "a new port." Newport News; city in Warwick County, Virginia, named for ("apt. Christopher Newjiort and Ca])tain (or Sir William) Newce. New Rochelle; city in Westchester County, New York, named for the city in Fratice. New^ry; several places in the United States, among them the town in Oxford County, Maine, named for the town in Ireland. New Smyrna; town in Orange County, Florida, named for the native ])lace of the wife of Dr. Andrew TurnbuU, a colonist. Newton; county in Arkansas, named for Isaac Newton, who s])oke in opposition to secession at the meeting in Little Rock, iii 1861. Newton; counties in Georgia, Indiana, Missouri, and Texas, and town in Baker County, Georgia, named for Sergt. John Newton, a Revolutionary officer. Newton; city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, originally a part of Cand)ridge, and when separated called "new town," afterward contracted to "Newton." Newton; county in INIississippi, named for Sir Isaac Newton. New^ York; one of the States of the Union and a county in same State, nameil for the Duke of York, wIkj was the original grantee. Nez Perce; county in Idaho, town in same county, and river in Yellowstone Bark, named for a tribe of Indians, who were so named l)y the French settlers, the phra.«e meaning "pierced nose." Niagara; county in New York and river between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. An Indian word, meaning " across the neck or strait," or " at the neck." Niagara Falls; city in Niagara County, New York, named for the celebrated falls on the Niagara River. Niantic; river, village, and l)ay in New London County, Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "at the point of land on a tidal river." Nicholas; county in Kentucky, named for Col. George Nicholas, a Revoluti(jnary officer. Nicholas; county in West Virginia, named for an early governor, ^^'. C. Nicholas. Nicholasville; city in Jessamine County, Kentucky, named for C'ol. George Nich- olas, a Revolutionary officer. Nicholai; village in Wasco County, Oregon, named for an early settler. Nicholville; village in St. Lawrence County, New York, named for E. S. Nichols, an agent of the proprietor. Nickajack; a cave in Alabama, said to have been the headquarters of the leader of a band of negroes, who was called " Nigger Jack," of which the ])resent name is a corruption. Nickerson; city in Nickerson County, Kansas, nauied for Thomas Nickerson, an officer of the Atchison, To])eka and Santa Fe Railroad. 192 PLACE NAMES FN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Nicollet; cuuntv and village in same ruunty in Minnesota, named for. Jean Nicholas Nicollet, a French explorer. Nicomanchee; very dark stream in Washington. An Indian word, meaning "shadowy water." Nigger Baby Hill; mining camp in Dolores County, Colorado, so named because of the large amount of black oxide of manganese found in the outcrop. Nilaks; mountain in Oregon. Derived from the Indian word, nilakshi, meaning " daybreak." Ninety-six; town in Greenwood County, South Carolina, S(j nameil because it was 96 miles from the Cherokee Indian trading town of Keowee. Nineveh; several towns and villages in the United States, named for the ancient Assyrian capital. Niobrara; river and a village in Knox County, Nebraska. An Indian word, mean- ing " broad or large water," or " running water." Nippenose; creek and valley in Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning "like summer," or "where cold does not penetrate." Nishnabotna; river in Iowa, and village in Atchison County, Missouri. An Inchan word, meaning "canoe making river." Niskayuna; town in Schenectady County, New York. An Indian word, meaning "extensive corn flats." Niwot; village in Boulder County, Colorado. The Indian name for Left Hand Creek. Noank; village in New London County, Connecticut. Derived from the Indian word, nayang, "point of land." Noble; county in Indiana, named for Noah Noble, an early governor. Noble; county in Ohio, named for James Noble, an early settler. Noble; county in Oklahoma, named for Secretary of Interior John Noble. Nobles; county in Minnesota, named for'a prominent politician, William H. Nobles. Noblesboro; town in Lincoln County, ]\Iaine, named for James Noble, an early settler. Noblesville; city in Noble County, Indiana, named for Noah Noljle, an early governor. Nockamixon; village and township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, an Indian word, meaning " where there are three houses." Nodaway; county and river in Missouri. An Indian word witli a much disputed meaning, the following versions being among those given: "jump over river," "a kind of adder," or "a very venomous reptile." Nogales; town in Santa Cruz County, New Mexico. Derived from the Spanish word, nogal, meaning "conunon walnut tree." Nokomis; city in Montgomery County, Illinois, named for the mother of Wenonah in Longfellow's " Hiawatha," the Indian word meaning "grandmother." Nolan; county in Texas, named for Philip Nolan, a trader and Indian tighter in the early days of Texas. NordhoflF; town in Ventura County, California, named for Charles Nordhoff. Norfolk; counties in Massachusetts and Virginia, and cities in Madison County, Nebraska, and Norfolk County, Virginia, named for the county in England. Normal; town in McLean County, Illinois, so named because it is the seat of the State Normal School. Normans Kill; stream in New York, named for All^ert Andriessen Bradt de Nor- man, an early settler. Norridgewock; town in Somerset County, Maine. An Indian word, meaning "place of deer," or, according to another authority, "smooth water between falls." Norris; town within the corporate limits of Detroit, settled by and named for Coi. P. W. Norris. GANNETT} PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 193 Norris; mountain in Yellowstone Park, named for Philetus W. Norris, the second superintendent of the park. Norristown; borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, named for Isaac Nor- ris, who jiurchased the land from William Penn. North; town in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, named for John F. Xoi-tli, its founder. Nor fchampton; counties in Pennsylvania and Virginia, anarl of Northamiiton. North Anna; river in Virginia, named for Anne, tineen of England. North Bend; city in Dodge County, Nebraska, so called because it is situated in the north bend of the Platte River. North Bend; village in Ohio, named for the l>cnd in the Ohio River at this point. North Carolina; one of the States of the Union, named for King Charles II of England. North Dansville; town in Livingston C'ounty, New York, named for Daniel P. Faulkner, an early settler. Northeast; town in Dutchess County, New York, so name t)ecause of its geographical jxisition in the county. Northfield; town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, so called because of its north- ern situation in the county. North Hero; town in (irand Isle County, Vermont, nauied lor one of the two islands which were called "Two Heroes" and granted to lithan Allen, the intention being that they should be owned by only brave men warndy disposed toward the Revolution. Northport; characteristic name given to many places in the Uniteil States. Northumberland; many [places in the United States named for the county iu Eng- land, among them being the couuties in Pennsylvania and Virginia. North Webster; village in Kosciusko County, Indiana, named for Daniel Wel)ster. Norton; county and city in same county in Kansas, nauied for Capt. Orloff Norton, of the Fifteenth Kansas Cavalry. Norton; town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, named for the town in England. Norton Sound; an inlet of Bering Sea on the coast of Alaska, named for Sir Fletcher Norton. Nortonville; city in Jefferson County, Kansas, named for E. Norton, jr., of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Comiiany. Norwalk; city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, said to have been so nametl because when purchased from tlie Indians the northern boundary was to extend north- ward from the sea one day's walk, according to the Indian marking of the dis- tance. According to another authority it is derived from nayang, "a point of land." Norwalk; town in Warren County, Iowa, and city in Huron ('ounty, Ohio, nauied from the above. Norway; towns in Herkimer County, New York, and Orangeburg County, South Carolina, named for the country in Europe. Norwich; city in New London County, Connecticut, and village in Chenango County, New York, named for the city in England. Norwich; village in Kingman County, Kansas, and town iu Hampshire County, ^Massachusetts, named for the aliove. Norwood; several places in the United States, named for the town in England. Nottoway; river and county in N'^irginia, named for the Indian tribe, the word meaning "snake" — that is, an enemy. Novato; village and township iu INIarin County, California. A Spanish wonl, meaning "new," "commencing in anything." Bull. I'JT— 02 ly 194 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Novo-Arkhang'elsk; seajvu-t of Alaska, namegsiasil)i, meaning "little i)ickerel river." Ogontz; towns in Montgomery C-ounty, Pennsylvania; Erie County, Ohio, and Delta County, Michigan, named for the Indiaji chief Ogontz, who wasa missionary among his own people. Ogreeta; village in Cherokee County, Nortli Carolina. An Indian word, meaning "lieautiful wild llower." Ohio; State in the Union, river and counties in Indiana, Kentucky, and West Vir- ginia. An Indian word, meaning "the beautiful river." Ohiopyle; falls on tlie Youghiogheny River and town in Fayftte County, Pennsyl- vania. An Indian word, meaning "white froth upon the water." Ojai; valley in California, inclosed by a rim of mountains. An Indian word, mean- ing " the nest." Ojo Caliente; village in Taos County, New Mexico. A Spanish word, meaning "spring and hot," and given this place on account of its numerous hot springs. Okabena; lake in Minnesota. An Indian word, meaning "heron rookery." Okahumka; town in Lake County, Florida. Derived from the Indian word okiliumkee, meaning "bad water." Okauchee; town in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. An Indian word, meaning " very long." 196 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Okauvillee; vi'llage in WaHliiiigtoii County, Illinois. From an Indian word, kaug, meaning "porcupine." Okechobee; lake in Southern Florida. An Indian word, meaning "big river," or ' ' large water. ' ' Okee; town in Columbia C'ounty, Wisconnin. An Indian word, meaning "evil spirit," or if from auke, "earth," or "jilace." Oketo; city in Marshall County, Kansas, named for an Indian chief, Arkatetah, the same being shortened by the settlers. Oklahoma; a territory, county and city in same territory, in the United States. An Indian word, meaning "home for all Indians." Oklokonee; river in Georgia. An Indian word, meaning " yellow water." Okmulgee; river in Georgia. An Indian word, meaning "boiling water." Okolona; town in Chickasaw County, Mississippi. An Indian word, meaning "much bent." Okomi; river in Georgia. An Indian word, n^eaning "great, large water." Oktibbeha; county in Mississippi. An Indian word, meaning "ice there in creek," or, according to another authority, "l)loody water," because of the battles fought there lietween Chickasaws and Choctaws. Olathe; city in Johnson County, Kansas. An Indian word of the Shawnee dialect, meaning "beautiful." Oldham; county in Texas, named for Williamson S. Oldham, a prominent lawyer and politician after the annexation. Old Orchard Beach; town and Ijeach in York County, Maine, so named because of the extensive orchard set out by its first settler. Old Point Comfort; town in Elizabeth County, Virginia, so named by Capt. Chris- topher Newport, because he found it a safe haven after a severe storm; the " Old" added to distinguish it from New Point Comfort, a few miles away. Oldtown; city in Penobscot County, Maine, so named because it has been a town site from aboriginal times. Olean; city, town, and creek in Cattaraugus County, New York, the name given with reference to the oil springs in the region. Oleona; village in Potter County, Pennsylvania, colonized by the violinist Ole Bull and taking its name from the first part of his. Oliver; county in North Dakota, named for Hon. H. S. Oliver. Olmsted; county in Minnesota, named for Hon. S. B. Olmstead. Olokikana; lake in Florida. An Indian word, meaning "sjiotted lake," so named because dotted with green islands. Olymipia; city in Washington, named from the ancient mountain of Greece. Omaha; city in Douglas County, Nebraska. An Indian word, meaning "upstream;" also the- name of a tribe, designated as "upstream people." Omar; village in Jefferson County, New York, named for a character in one o{ Johnson's allegories. Onancock; town and bay in Accomac C'ounty, A'irginia. An Indian name, meaning "foggy place." O'Neals; village in Madera C-ounty, ('alifornia, named for Charles O'Neal, an early settler. Oneco; village in Windham County, Connecticut, named for the son of Uncas, the Mohegan sachem. Oneida; counties in Idaho, New York, and Wisconsin, city in Knox County, Illi- nois, A'illage and lake in New York; Oneida Castle; village in Oneida County, New York. Named for one of the tribes of the Six Nations, the word meaning "granite people," or "people of the beacon stone." O'Neil; city in Holt County, Nebraska, named for Gen. John O'Neil, an early settler. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 107 Onekama; village in Manistee Comity, Micliigan. An Indian word, meaning "a ])ortage." Ong; village in Burlington County, New Jersey, iianunl for an t>arly settler. Onida; town in Sully County, South Dakota. An Indian word, meaning "hunted, looked for." Onion; creek in North Dakota, so named on ac<'onntof tiie (|uantities of wild onions growing on its banks. Onondaga; county, and town in same county, and a lake in New York, named from the Indian tril)e, tlie word meaning "peojile of tlie liiils." Onslow; coimty in North Carolina, named for Arthur Onslow, speaker in the Uritish House of Conunons. Ontario; one of the (ireat Lakes, comity in New York, and a village in Vernon County, Wisconsin. An Indian word, said by one autiiority to mean " beautiful lake;" by another, "beautiful jirospect of rocks, hills, and water." Onteora; village in the Catskills in Ulster County, New York. An Indian word, meaning "hills of the sky." Ontonagon; county and river in Michigan. An Indian word, meaning "a fishing place," or, according to another autiiority, so named because an Indian maiden lost a dish in tlie stream and exclaimele trees. Ord; city in Valley County, Nebraska, named for Gen. E. O. C. Ord. Ordway; town in Otero County, Colorado, named for George N. Ordway, of the Denver board of sujiervisors. Oreana; village in Humboldt County, Nevada. Latin word, meaning "town of gold." Oregon; State of the Union, and a county in Missouri. The name said to have been derived from Origanum, a species of wild sage found aloiig the coast in the State, but another authority states that it is derived from the Spanish Oregones, which name was given the Indian tribes inhabiting that region, by a Jesuit priest, the word meaning " big-eared men." 198 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Orejas Del Oso; iiiouiitaiii in Utah. A Spanish phrase, meaning "l>ears' ears." Organ; monntains in New Mexico, so called because of their resemblance to the ])ipes of an organ. Orion; village in Oakland County, Michigan, named for the constellation. (Oriskany; creek and village in Oneida County, New York; Oriskany ^alls; village in Oneida County, New York. An Indian word, meaning I " place of nettles." Orland; town in Hancock County, Maine, said to have been so named because of the finding of an oar upon the shore l)y its first settler. Orleans; town in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, named for the Duke of Orleans. Orleans; counties in New York and N^rginia, and a parish in Louisiana, named for the city in France. Ormsby; county in Nevada, named fur INhijur Ormsby. Orneville; town in riscataxiuis Cuunty, New York, naineil for the Hon. Henry ( )rn(', of Boston. Orofino; creek in Idaho, antis, an early settler. Otisville; village in Orange Comity, New York, named for Isaac* )tis, its first settler. Otoe; county in Nebraska, named for the Indian Iriln'. Otseg'o; counties in Michigan and New York, town and lake in New York, and vil- lage in INIichigan. An Indian word, meaning "welcome water," or "]>lace where meetings are held." Otselic; town in Chenango and creek in JNIadisou counties. New York. An Indian word, meaning "plum creek." Otsquago; creek in Montgomery County, New York. An Indian wurd, signifying "under the )>ridge." Ottawa; counties in Kansas, Mit'higan, and ()hio, a reservation in Indian Teriitory, city in Lasalle Comity, Illinois, and village in Lesueur County, INIimiesota, named for the Indian tribe, the name meaning "traders." Otter; creek in IMissouri. The jiresent name a translation of the original French name of " Loutre." Otter Lake; village in the Lapeer County, ^Michigan, so named becanse of the abundance of otter in adjacent lakes. [otter Tail; lake in Minnesota; lOttertail; county and town in Minnesota. Bo named because of a ]ieninsula of the I lake called by the Indians, Ptansinta, "otter tail." Otto; town in Cattaraugus County, New York, named for .facob S. Ottd, of the Hol- land Land Company. Ottumwa; city in Wapello County, Iowa. An Indian word said to mean "i)lace of the lone chief," but more probably meaning, " i-aj)ids," (ir "tumbling water. ' ' Ouachita; county and river in Arkansas, parish in Louisiana, named for a now extinct Indian tribe, the word meaning " male deer." Ouray; county, city, and mountain in Colorado, named for a friendly chief of the Ute Indians. Outagamie; county in Wisconsin, named for the Outagainies, or " Fox" Indians. Ovid; village in Clinton County, Michigan, and town in Seneca County, New York, named foi' the Roman poet. Owaneco; village in Christian County, Illinois. An Indian word, in somtMlialects meaning " (iod." Owasco; lake, town, and creek in Cayuga County, New York. An Indian word meaning " the bridge," or " lake of the floating bridge." Owassa; town in Hardin Comity, Iowa, derived from Owass(», Indian word lor "bear." Owatonna; river and city in Steele County, Minnesota. An Indian word meaning "straight river." 200 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. I Owen; counties in Indiana and Kentucky; Owensboro; city in Daviess County, Kentucky. Named for Col. Abraham Oweni of Kentucky, killed at Tippecanoe. Owensburg; village in Greene County, Indiana, named for its founder. Owingsville; city in Bath County, Kentucky, named for Col. T. D. O wings. Owobopta; tributary of the Minnesota River. An Indian word meaning " where they dig roots." Owosso; city in Shiawassee County, Michigan, named for the principal chief of the Chij)pewas in that country, the word meaning " he is afar off." Owsley; county in Kentucky, named for Judge William Owsley, a former governor. Oxbow; village in Jefferson County, New York, on the Oswegatchie River, so named because of a bend in the river at this point in the form of an ox bow. Oxford; county and town in same county in Maine, town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, and borough in Pennsylvania, named for the university in England. Oxford; city in Lafayette County, Mississippi, so named from the university city in England because it is the location of the State University. Ozan; town and stream in Hempstead County, Arkansas. A corrniition of the French, prairie d'ane, " ])rairie of the donkeys." Ozark; county and city in Christian County, Missouri, and village in Dale County, Ala])ama. A corruption of the French name, aux arcs, meaning " with bows," a term descri])tive of the Indians who inhabited the country. Ozaukee; county in Wisconsin. An Indian word meaning "yellow clay." Pacheco; town in Contra Costa County, California, named for an early Spanish settler. Pachuta; town in Clarke County, Mississippi. A Choctaw Indian word meaning "possum creek." Pacific; an ocean, the largest division of water on the globe, so named byTNIagellan, its discoverer, liecause of the fair weather encountered there after experiencing heavy gales in the straits. Pacific; county in Washington; city in Franklin County, Missouri; and creek in Yellowstone Park, named for the ocean. Pactolus; town in Pitt County, North Carolina, named for the ancient river in Asia I\Iinor. Paddock; village in Holt County, Nebraska, named for A. S. Paddock, United States Senator from that State. Paducah; city in McCracken County, Kentucky, named for a celebrated Indian chief who formerly lived in the vicinity and was buried on the banks of Ten- nessee River, now within the city limits. Page; county in Iowa, named for Colo lel Page, of Palo Alto fame. Page; county in Virginia, named for James Page, an early governor of the State. Pahaquarry; township in Warren County, New Jersey. An Indian word meaning " termination of two mountains." Pahcupog; pond near Westerly, Connecticut. Name derived from the Indian word, Pahke-paug, meaning "pure water pond." Painesville; village in Lake County Ohio, named for Gen. E. Paine, an early settler. Paint; creek in Ohio. From the Indian word Olomon sepung, "paint stream." Painted Post; village in Steuben County, New York, so named because of the erec- tion of a painted monument by the Indians over the grave of their chief, Cai^tain Montour. Paint Rock; town in Concho County, Texas, so named because situated near a ledge of rock, profusely decorated with Indian hieroglyphics. Pajaro; river in California, so named by the Spanish 1)ecause of the number of wild geese or ducks found there, the word meaning " bird." GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES TN THE UNITED STATESJ. 201 Palarm; town and strciuu in Faulkner County, Arkansan. A coiruptiiin of the Frencli, "place dess alarnies." Palatine; several places in the United States, named from the division of (Termany. Palatka; city in Putnam County, Florida. An Indian word said by Sf)nie to mean "spilled," and by others, "cow ford." Palisades Park; borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, so named because of its location on the Palisades. Palmer; town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, named for Chief .Tustice Thomas Palmer. Palmer; village in ManjUette County, Michigan, named for Waterman Palmer, of Pittsburg, its founder. Palmer Lake; town and creek in El Paso County, C'oloi-ado, named for General Palmer, an oflicial of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. Palmers; creek in C'hariton County, Missouri, named for Martin Palmer. Palmyra; town in Wayne County, New York, named from the ancient Syrian town. Palo; town in Linn County, Iowa, and village in Ionia County, Michigan. A Span- ish word meaning "stick." Palo Alto; town in Santa ('lara County, California. A Spanish |ihrase meaning "high stick." Palo Alto; county in Iowa and borough in Schuylkill ( 'ounty, Peimsylvania, named for the famous battlefield in Texas. Palo Pinto; county and river in Texas. A Sj)anish |)liiase meaning "spotted stake, or timber." Pamelia; town in Jefferson ("ounty. New York, named for the wife of (ien. .lacob P>rown. Pamlico; county, sound, and river in North Carolina, named for the ancient Indian village of Pomeick on the southern shores of the river. Pamunkey; river and town in Orange County, Virginia. Said to have been derived , from the Indian, Pihmunga, meaning "where lie sweat." K/Ct ^ Pana; city in Christian County, Illinois. Probably from the Indian word ]iena, / "partridge." / Panasoffkee; town in Sumter County, Florida. From the Indian word panasofkeo, "deep valley." Panola; counties in Mississippi and Texas. An Indian word meaning "cotton." Panton; town in Addison County, Vermont, named for Lord Panton, a liritish nobleman. Paola; city in Miami County, Kansas, named for Baptiste Peoria, the town name being the Indian pronunciation. Papillion; village and creek in Sarpy County, Nebraska, given the French name because many butterflies were seen upon the banks of the stream. Papinsville; village in Bates County, Mis-sonri, named for Pierre Mellecourt Papin. Paragould; city in Greene County, Arkansas. A compound of the names of two railroad men, W. J. Paramore and Jay Gould. Pardeeville; village in Columbia County, Wisconsin, named for John S. Pardee, the founder. Paris; town in Oxford County, Maine, named for the city in France. Paris; a town in Oneida County, New York, named for Isaac Paris, a merchant of Fort Plain. (Parish; town in Oswego and village in Erie County, New York; I Parishville ; town in St. Lawrence County, New York. Named for David Parish, an y extensive landowner. Parita; village in Bexar County, Texas. A Spanish word, meaning "grapevine." Park; county in Colorado, so named because it includes.a large area of South Park, 202 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Park; county in Montana, so named because it is close to Yellowstone Park. Parke; county in Indiana, named for Benjamin Parke, a prominent State politician. Parker; city in Linn County, Kansas, named for J. W. Parker, former o.vnerof the town site. Parker; county in Texas, named for the family of Parker's Fort, who in 1836 were captured and killed by the Indians. Parkerville; city in Morris County, named for C. G. Parker, former owner of the tow n siti'. Parkersburg; town in Sampson County, North Carolina, named for a i)rominent citizen. Parkersbiirg; city in Wood (onnty, West Virsj:inia, named for Alexander Parker, of Pennsylvania. Parkers Landing; city in Armstrong C(junty, Pennsylvania, named for tlie former liroj)rietors. Parkersville; villatre in Lyon County, Kentucky, named for Thomas Parker, a wealthy citizen. Parkman; town in l*iscata(|uis C'liunty, Maine, named for its early prr)prietor, Sam- uel Parkman, of Boston. Parkman; town in Sheridan County, W^yoining, named for Francis Parkman. Parkville; village in Platte County, Missouri, named for (Jeorge S. Park, its founder. Parksville; town in Edgetield County, South Carolina, named for a prominent family of the county. Parniele; town in Martin County, North Canjlina, named for a prominent resident. Parmer; county in Texas, named for Martin Parmer, prominent politician in the early days of Texas. Parramore; beach and island in Accomac County, Virginia, named for the family who were its former owners. Parrott; town in La Plata County, Colorado, named for a California capitali.st. Parry; peak in the Front Range, ('olorado, named for the botanist. Parsons; city in Labette County, Kansas, named for Judge Levi Parsons, a promi- nent railroad ollii'ial. Parsons; town in Tucker County, West Virginia, named for a former resident. Parsonsfield; town in York County, Maine, named for Thomas Parsons, an early proprietor. Pasadena; city in Los Angeles County, California. An Indian word, meaning "crown of the valley." Pascagoula; river and town in Jackson County, Mississipi>i, named for an Indian tribe, the name meaning "bread nation." Pasco; county in Florida, named for Senator Pasco. Pascoag; village in Providence County, Rhode Island. An Indian word, meaning "the dividing place," and so named because it is situated at the forks of the Blackstone River. Paso Robles; city in San Luis Obispo County, California. A Spanish word, mean- ing "pass of the oak trees." Pasquotank; county in North Carolina. An Indian word, meaning "divided tidal river," and given this county because a river forms one of its boundaries. Passaconaway ; mountain in New Hampshire, named for a sachem of the Merri- mack tribe of Indians. Passadumkeag; town in Penobscot County, Maine, situated at the mouth of a river of the same name, by reason of which it was given this Indian name, which means "falls running over a gravel bed." Passaic; county, city, and river in New Jersey; derived either from the Indian word Passaic or Passajeek, "avalley," or from the Indian ecjuivalent of "peace." GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 203 Passamaquoddy; bay on the coast of Maine. An Indian word, ineaninv derived from the Indian word Pan-sha-okla, meaning "hair people." Pentwater; river and lake in IMichigan, from which a village also is named, being so named because of the supposition that the river had no outlet. Peoria; county and city in Illinois and nation in Indian Territory. An Indian word, meaning "])lace where there are fat beasts." Peosta; village in Dubuque County, Iowa. An Indian word, meaning "gorge in the rocks." Peotone; town in Will County, Illinois. Derived from the Indian word petone, meaning "bring," "bring here," or "bring to this place." Pepin; lake between Wisconsin and Minnesota, and a county in Wisconsin, named for Pepin le Bref. Pepperell; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, named for Sir William Pep- perell, a member of the Massachusetts council. Pepperville; township in Butler County, Nebraska, named for IIubl)el Peppei-, an early settler. Pequabuclc; river in Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "clear or open pond." Pequanac; village in INIorris County, New Jersey. An Indian word, meaning "cleared land." Pequannock; village in Hartford C-otmty, Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "land naturally clear and open." Pequots; town in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, named for a tribe of Indians, the word meaning "destroyers," "enemies," or "gray foxes," according to different authorities. Perdido; rivers in Alabama and Florida, and a bay into whicli these empty, which was so named by the Spanish, the word meaning "lost," because a Spanish ship was destroyed there. Pare Marquette; town in INIason County, INIichigan, named for Father Marquette. Perham; town in Aroostook County, Maine, named for Hon. Sidney Perham, a governor of the State. Perham; town in Ottertail County, Mimiesota, nameil for Josiali Perham, an ollicial of the Northern Pacific Kailroad, 20r) PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Perkins; i)Uuitation in Fnuiklin C'minty, IMaiiie, named for Dr. Perkins, of Farm- ington. Perkins; county in Nebraska, nameil for C. E. Perkins, an official of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad. Perkiomen; branch of the Schuylkill River in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning " where there are cranberries." Perinton; town in Monroe County, New York, named for Glover Perrin, the first permanent settler. Perry; counties in Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee; town in Wyoming County, New York, named for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry. Perry; city in Jefferson County, Kansas, named for John D. Perry, a railroad official. Perrysburg; town in Cattaraugus County, New York, and village in Wood County, Ohio, named for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry. Perrys Mills; village in Clinton County, New York, named ior (ieorge Perry, former proprietor. Perryville; city in Perry County, Missouri, named for Connno^lore Oliver Hazard Perry. Person; county in North Carolina, named for Oen. Thomas Person, an officer of the Revolution. Perth; town in Fulton County, New York, named for the town in Scotland. Perth Amboy; city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, the name a combination of the name of the Earl of Perth and a corruption of the original Indian name of the town, Ompage. Peru; towns in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and Clinton County, New York, named for the country in South America. Pescadero; village in San Mateo County, California. A Spanish word, meaning "fishmonger." Pescongamoc; lake in Maine near the Penobscot River. An Indian word, meaning "divided lake." Peshtigo; river in Oconto County and town in ]\Iarinette County, Wisconsin. An Indian word, meaning "wild goose river." Peterboro; town in llillsboro County, New Hampshire, named for the city in England. Peterboro; village in Madison County, New York, named for Peter Smith. Petersburg-; town in Arapahoe County, Colorado, named for Peter Magnes, its founder. Petersburg; village in Kent County, Delaware, named for the descendants of Peter Fanks to catch men and animals. Pitcairn; island in the Patdtic, named for its discoverer. Major Pitcairn. Pitcairn; town in St. Lawrence County, New York, named for Joseph Pitcairn, the original proprietor. Pitcher; creek in Hundjoldt County, California, named for an early settler. Pitcher; town in Chenango County, New York, named for Nathaniel Pitcher, lieu- tenant-governor of the State. Pithole City; village in Venango County, Pennsylvania, named from a creek which had a deep hole in the rocks upon its banks. Pitkin; county in Colorado and village in Gunnison County, Colorado, named for F. AN'. Pitkin, an early governor of the State. Pitt; c(junty in North Carolina, and mountain in Oregon, named for Sir William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. Pittsboro; town in Calhoun (bunty, Mississippi, named for an early settler. [Pittsboro; town in Chatham County, North Carolina; J Pittsburg; city in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Named for Sir William Pitt, j Earl of Chatham. Pittsfield; town in Somerset County, Maine, named for William Pitts, of Boston. Pittsfield; city in Berkshire County, Massachusetts; Pittston; town in Kennebec County, Maine; Pittsylvania; t'ounty in Virginia. Named for Sir William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, the celebrated English statesman. Bull. iOT— 01^ 14 210 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Piute; county in T'tah, named furen. Point a la Hache; town in Pla(]ueniines Parish, Louisiana. A French word, luean- ing " hatchet or ax, point." Point Allerton; point near ]>osten or broken up." Poquonoc; river and hill in Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "cleared land." Porcupine; islands of Mount Desert, Maine, so called because at a distance they resemble a porcupine. Portage; counties in Ohio and Wisconsin and town in Livingston County, New York, so named because they are situated between water counses. Portage des Sioux; town in St. Charles C'Ounty, ]\Iissouri, so named liecause at this p.oint on the INIississippi the Indians carried their canoes across the peninsula to the Missouri. Port Angeles; town in Clallam County, Washington, named by Don Francisco Elisa, a Mexican. Port Austin; village in Huron County, Michigan, named for the first man to estab- lish a business there. Port Crane; village in Broome County, New York, named for one of the engineers of the Chenango Canal. Port Deposit; town in Cecil County, Maryland, so named because it is one of the principal depots for the pine lumber rafted down the river. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 218 Port Dickinson; town in Broome County, New York, named in honor of Daniel S. Dickinson, United States Senator, lieutenant governor, and attornej^-general of New York. Port Discovery; village in Jefferson County, AVashington, named for a ship in the fleet of Vancouver, the explorer. Porter; county m Indiana, named for Commodore David l*orter. Porter; town in Oxford County, Maine, named for Dr. Aaron Porter, an early proprietor. Porter; town in Niagara County, New York, named for Judge Augustus Porter. Port Gamble; village in Kitsap County, Washington, named for a ITnited States naval officer. Port Gibson; town in Clail)orne County, Mississij^pi, named for David (Jihson, the former owner of the town site. Port Jervis; village in Orange Count}', New York, named for .hihn 1'.. Jervis, engineer of the Hudson and Delaware Canal. Portland; cities in Cund)erland County, Maine, and Multnomah County, Oregon, and borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, named, indirectly, for the town in England. Port Leyden; town in Lewis County, New York, named after i>eydcn, Netherlands. Port Morris; village in Westchester County, New York, nametl for (iouverneur Morris. Port Orchard; town and harbor in Kitsap County, Washington, nauied for its dis- coverer. Port Orford; cape and town in Curry County, (Jregon, named for George, Earl of Orford. Port Penn; town in Newcastle County, Delaware, named for William Penn. Port Royal; river and a town in Beaufort County, South Carolina, so named "because of the fairness and bigness thereof." Portsmouth; city in Eockingham County, New Hampshire, first named Strawberry Banke, but later changed to its present name because situated at the river mouth and a good harbor. Portsmouth; city in Norfolk County, Virginia, named for the town in England. Port Tobacco; town in Charles County, Maryland, and an inlet on the Potomac in the same State; the name having no connection with the plant, but 1)eing a cor- ruption of the Indian word pautai)ang, meaning "a bulging out, a bay, or a cove.'' Port Townsend; harl)orand village in Jefferson County, Washington, named for Manpiis of Townsend. Portville; town in Cattaraugus County, New York, so named because it was, at an early date, a prominent point for the shipment of lumber, shingles, etc. I Posey; county in Indiana; Poseyville; town in Posey County, Indiana. Named for(ien. Thomas Posey, an early governor of the State. Possession; sound in Washington, so named by A^aneouver because he lanany County, New York, named for the lirst family of settlers. Prestonville; town in Carroll County, Kentucky, named for James P. Preston, an early governor of Virginia. Presumpscot; village in Cumberland County, INIaine. Indian word, meaning "rongli place in the river." Preuss; mountain in Idaho, named for a topographer of the Fremont exploring party. Pribilof; islands of Alaska, named for the Kussian navigator wlio discovereil them. Price; creek in Humboldt County, California, named for an early settler. Price; county in Wisconsin, named for Congressman William T. Price. Primg-h.ar; town in O'Brien County, Iowa, named by combining the initials of the ])i'rsons present at the laying of the corner stone. Prince Edward; county in Virginia, named for Edward of F^ngland, son of Ferdinand. Prince George; counties in Maryland and Virginia, named for Prince George of Denmark, afterwards King of England. Princess Anne; county in Virginia, named for Princess, afterwards (^ueen, Anne ,H' in Windsor County, Vermont, named for the fatlier of Sen- ator Proctor. Promised Land; village in Suffolk County, New York, !eninsula on Lac Traverse and the IMiiniesota liiver. An Indian word, meaning " otter tail." Puckaway; lake in Green Lake County, Wisconsin. An Inine-tree lick." Queens; county in New York, named for Catherine of l^>raganza, wife of Charles II, of England. Quemahoning; stream in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Derivation same as Queen Mahon. Quenemo; village in Osage County, Kansas, named for an Ottawa Indian, who lived among the Sacs and I'oxes, near Melvern. Queponco; creek in Maryland. An Indian word, meaning "ashes of i)ine woods." Quiccoane; branch of the Missouri River. An Indian wcurity there. An Indian word, meaning "peace." 230 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Salero; liill in Arizona, said to have been so named because a saltcellar of ore, from the hill, was made by the padres of St. Jose^^h for the table of their bishop. A Spanish word, meaning "saltcellar." Salida; city in Cliaffee County, Colorado, at the junction of the Arkan.sas River with its large branch from the south. A Spanish word, meaning " point of depar- ture." Salina; town in Onondaga County, New York; Salinas; ilver and city in INIonterey, County, California; Saline, counties in Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska, and river in Arkansas. So named on account of salt springs or salt deposits within their limits. Salisbury; town in Litchlield County, Connecticut, named for a resident. Salisbury; town in Essex County, Massachusetts, named for the town in England. Salisbury; city in Chariton County, Missouri, named for Lucius Salisbury, of the county. Salisbury; town in Herkimer County, New York, named for the town in Connec- ticut. Sallis; town in Attala County, INIississippi, named for Dr. James Sallis, the former owner of the land. Sallisaw; stream and town in Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory. Supposed to have been derived from the French name, Bayou Salaison, "meat-eating bayou." Sallys; town in Aiken County, South Carolina, named for the Salley family, i)romi- nent residents of the State. Salmon; river in Washington, so named on account of the shoals of salmfin that ascend the river in the summer. Salmon Falls; river and village in Strafford County, New Hampshire, named for the falls in the river, where the salmon stop in their upward course. Salt; creek in Colorado, so named on account of the character of the mineral deposits. Saltillo; borough in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, named for the town in Mexico. A Spanish word, meaning "salted river." Salt Liake; county, and city in same county, in Utah, named for the famous lake of that State. Saluda; river, county, and town in same county, in South Carolina, and town in Polk County, North Carolina. An Indian word, meaning "corn river." Salunga; village in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, derived from the Indian word Chickiswalunga, meaning "the place of the crawfish." Salyersville ; town in Magoffin County, Kentucky, named for Samuel Salyer, a meml)er of the State legislature. Samoa; village in Humboldt County, California, named for an Indian chief. Sampson; county in North Carolina, named for Col. Jolin Sampson, officer of the Revolution. Samsonville; village in Ulster County, New York, named for Gen. Henry A. Samjison. Samuel Adams; mountain in New Hampshire, named for a revolutionary patriot. San Antonio; city in Bexar County, Texas, named for the Roman Catholic mission, San Antonio de Velero, otherwise the Alamo. San Bernardino; county, and city in same county, in California, named for an old Spani.sh mission. Sanborn; county in South Dakota and town in O'Brien County, Iowa, named for Oeorge W. Sanborn, division superintendent of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad. Sanbornton; town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, named for a family of early settlers. Sanders; town in Carroll County, Kentucky, named for an old settler. San Diego; county, and city in same county, in California. A corruption of St. lago, the patron saint of Spain, for wliom they were named. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 231 Sandisfield; town in Berkshire County, JMiih^.suchusetts, luuncd for Lord Sandys, lirst lord of trade and the plaiitationH. Sand Lake; town in Kent County, Michigan, so named because a sand bar extends across the center of a near-by lake. Sandusky; town in Illinois, county, river, and city in Oliio, whose name by some authorities is said to be derived from the Indian word Outsandouke, "there is i)ure water here;" or Sa-anduste, "large bodies or pools of water." vVnother author- ity states that it was named for Jonathan Sandousky, a Polisli trader of the vicinity. Sandwich; town in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, named for the town in England. San Fernando; town in Los Angeles County, California, named for an iild Spanish Catholic mission. Sanford; city in Orange County, Florida, named for Gen. 11. S. Sanfoi'd, ITnited States minister to Belgium. Sanford; town and township in York County, Maine, nametl for I'elcg Sanford, an early in'oi>rietor. Sanford; town in Moore County, North Carolina, named for l^ords Say ami IJrook. Sayre; borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, prolial)iy named for U. S. Sayre, chief engineer of the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Scammon; city in Cherokee County, Kansas, named for four l)r(ith(>rs, early settlers from Illinois. Scandia; city in Republic County, Kansas, named fur tiie Scandinavian agricultural society, by whom it was colonized. Scandinavia; village in Waupaca Ctmnty, Wisconsin, named for the peo]jle by whom it was settle. Schleis- inger Weil, its founder. Schley; county in (leorgia, named for William Schley, a former governor. Schodack; town in Rensselaer County, New York. An Indian word, meaning " meadow or Are plain," .so called because it was in ancient times the seat of the council fires of the Mohegans. Schoharie; creek, county, and town in same coimty in New York. An Indian word, meaning " flood wood or drift wood." Schonbrunn; town in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. A < lerman word, meaning "beau- tiful fountain." Schoodic; river and ciiain of lakes in Maine. An Indian word to whic^h many mean- ings are credited, am'ong tiiem, "trout place," "burnt la/^ds," "a ]>lace where water rushes," and "where fish live all the year." Schoolcraft; county and village in Kalamazoo County, Michigan, named for Henry R. Schoolcraft, distinguisher " white «Ut roeks." Shawano; eounty and city in same cdunty in Wisconsin. Derived from the Chip- pewa Indian word jawanong, meaning "on tiie south." fShawnee; county in Kansas an, associate justice of tlie Supreme Court. Sheridan; counties in Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming, town in ]\Iadison County, Montana, and mountain in Yellowstone Park, named for (len. Philip II. Sheri- dan. Sherlock; township in Finney Comity, Kansas, named for a cax)italist connected with the Santa Fe Railroad. 238 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Sherman; counties in Kansas, Nebraska, and Oregon, village in Wexford County, Michigan, and mountain in Idaiio, named for Gen. W. T. Sherman. Sherman; county, and city in Grayson County, Texas, named for Sidney Sherman, general of the Texas army, and the one who raised the cry of "Remember the Alamo" at the battle of San Jacinto. Sherman; village in Chautauqua County, New York, named for Roger Sherman, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Sherwood; village in Branch County, Michigan, named for the forest in England. Sheshequin; village in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. An Indian Avord, meaning "mysterious rattle." Shetucket; river in Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "land between the rivers," or, according to another authority, "confluence of rivers." Shiawassee; county and river in INIichigan. An Indian word, meaning "straight- running river." Shickshinny; borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, protected l)y a cordon of hills of five summits. An Indian word, ineaning "five mountains." Shields; river in Montana, named for a member of the Lewis and Clarke expedition. Shinnecock; village in Suffolk County, New York, named for an Indian tribe. Shinnston; town in Harrison County, West A'irginia, named for the owners of the land upon which it was built. Shintaka; several marshes in Minnesota. An Indian word, meaning "tamarack." Shippensburg; borough in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, named for an early jiroprietor. Shippenville; borough in Clarion County, Pennsylvania, named for Judge Shippen, of INIcadville. Shirley; town in Piscataquis County, Maine, named for the town in England, f Shirley; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts; ■I Shirley sburg; borough in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. Named for (ien. l William Shirley, an early governor of Massachusetts. Shivwits; plateau in Arizona. An Indian word, meaning "people of the springs." Shobonier; town in Fayette County, Illinois, named for an Indian chief. Shocco; creek in North Carolina, named for the Indian tribe Shoccoree. Shohokin; stream in Wayne County, Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning " where there is glue." rShohola; stream in I*ike County, Pennsylvania; utler County, Pennsylvania. Derived from the Indian word " Wesch-ach-ach-apochka, meaning "slipperyrock." oANNKTT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 241 Sloansville; villairi' i" Sclioharic County, New Yciik, iiaiued for Jolui R. Sloan, an early settler. Slocums; island in .Michigan, nanu'd for its owner. Slough; ereek in Yellowstone Park, wliieli was erroneously so (le.scrihed ))y its dis- eoverer; it being, in faet, a swift running stream. Smackover; stream in Tnion County Arkansas. Derived from the Frencii clieniin convert, "covert'd road." Sniethport; Ixirough in MeKean County, Pennsylvania, named for Theodore Sniethe, a friend of the original i)r()])rietor. Smitli; county in Kansas, named for J. Nelson Smith. Smith; county in Mississippi, named for Maj. David Smitli. Smith; river in ^Montana, named for Robert Smith, former Secretary of the Navy. Sm.ith; river in Nevada, named for Lieut. Kirby Smith. Sm.ith; county in Tennessee, named for Gen. Daniel Smith, a patriot and early set- tler of the State. Smith; county in Texas, named for Jolm W. Smith, killed at tlie Alamo. Smith Center; city in center of Smith County, Kansas, named for J. Nelson Smith, of the Second Colorado Regiment. Smithfield; town in Dutcliess County, New York, named for I'etcr Snuth. Smithfield; town in Johnson County, North Carolina, named for.Iohn Smith, State senator. Smiths Ferry; village in I>eaver County, Pennsylvania, named for Jesse Smith, the man who established the fei-ry. Smithto'wn; town in Suffolk County, New York, named for Richard Smith, an early i:)roprietor. Smithville; village in Jefferson County, New Y''ork, nameunty. West Virginia, named for the former owner of the land. Smithville; town in <-'lay Comity, Missouri, named for Humphrey Smith, th(^ first settler. Smokes; creek in Erie County, New Yi>rk, named for an Indian who resided near its mouth. Smyrna; many places in the United States, named for the anc-ient city of Syria, among them the village in Chenango County, New York. Smyth; county in Virginia, named for (ien. Alexander Sn'iyth, member of Congress from that State. Snake; river in Idaho and Washington and Y'ellowstone i)ark. The name is said to l)e a translation of the name of an Indian tril)e, the Shoshones. Snapeene; stream in Montana. An Indian word, meaning "crooked mouth." Snelling; military post in Hennepin County, Minnesota, named for Colonel Josiah Snelling, under whose direction it was built. Snohomish; river and town in Washington, named for an Indian tribe. Snoqualmie; river in Washington, named for an Indian tribe. Snowden; township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, named for Judge Snowden, of Pittsburg. Snowmass; mountain in Colorado, so named because of the snow tield under its summit. f Snyder; county in Pennsylvania; Snydertown; borough in Northumlierlaml County, Penns^ylvania. Named for ' Governor Simon Snyder of the Stat^'. Socatean; stream in Maine, named for Standing Atean, a warrior of an Indian tribe, or from an Ine the Indian pro- nunciation of the Spanish word "senora." Sopris; peak of the Elk Mountains in western Colorado, named for Capt. I>ick Sojjris, one of the early settlers of the State. Souderton; borougii in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, named for a family of early settlers. Souheg-an; river in New Hampshire. An Indian word meaning " worn-out lands." Souneunk; stream in Maine. An Indian word meaning "that runs between mountains." Southampton; county in Virginia, and towns in Hampshire County, Massachu-- setts, and Suffolk County, New York, named for the town in England. South Anna; river in Virginia, said to have been named for Anne, Queen of Eng- land. Southboro; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, so named because formed of the south part of Marlboro. South Carolina; one of the thirteen original States, llnst named for Charles IX of France, and later for Charles II of England. South Hero; town in Grand Isle County, Vermont, named for one of the two islands which were called Two Heroes, granted to Ethan Allen. It was intended that they should be owned by only brave men warmly disposed toward the Revolution. Southport; city in Brunswick County, North Carolina, so named because it is situ- ated in the southern part of the State. South River; borough in Middlesex County, New Jer.^ey, so named to distinguish it from tlie North River district. Southwick; town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, named for its first settler. Spafford; town in Onondaga County, New York, named for Horatio Gates Spafford, author of the first gazetteer of that State. GANNETT.! PLACE NAMES IN TH K UNITED STATP:S. 243 Spalding; county in (icoriiia, iiaiiied for tlie IIou. Tlioinas S|ianliliiiti. Spartanburg; county, and town in same coiuity, in South Carolina, tresidentof the Arkansas Valley Town and Land CV)mpany. Split Rock; village in Essex County, New York, so named because situated near a curiously formeany which selected this site for its mill. Stillwater; town in Saratoga County, New York, so named because of the "still water" in the Hudson River near the town. Stockbridge; town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, named for the town in England. Stockport; town in Columliia Countj^ New York, and Wayn(^ ('ounty, Pennsyl- vania, nameil for tlie town in England. Stockton; cities in California and ^Missouri and town in Chautauqua County, New York, named for Commodore R. F. Stockton, who toi^k part in the conquest of California. Stockton; borough in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, named for a resident family. Stockville; village in Frontier County, Nebraska, so named because stock raising was an important industry. Stoddard; county in Missouri, named for Amos Stoddard, military officer and author. Stoddard; town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, named for Col. Samson Stod- ilard, one of the original proprietors. Stokes; county in Nortii Carolina, named for Col. John Stokes, a Revolutionary officer. 246 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Stone; county in Arkansas, uhuumI for (Jen. T. J. (iStonewall) Jiu-kson. i Stone; county in Missouri; Stoneham; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. So named because of the sterile soil. Stonewall; county in Texas and town in Pamlico County, North C'arolina, named for Gen. T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson. Storey; county in Nevada, named for Colonel Storey, killed in ])attle with the Pyramid Lake Indians. Story; county in Iowa, named for Judwe Joseph Story, of the Supreme Court. Stoughton; town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, named for William Stoughton, lieutenant-governor and chief justi(;e of the province. Stoughton; city in Dane County, Wisconsin, named for Luke Stoughton, who platted the village. Stoutsville; village in INIonroe County, Missouri, named for Robert P. Stout, of Kentucky. Stow; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, named for the town in England. Stoystown; borougli in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, nameuncombe County, North Carolina. An Indian word, meaning "l)eautiful." Swansboro; town in Onslow County, North Carolina, prol)al)ly so named on account of the swans frequenting the neighborhood. Swansea; town in Bristol Comity, Massachusetts, named for the town in Wales. Swanville; village in Erie C-ounty, Pennsylvania, named for John L. Swan, its first settler. Swarthmore; l)orough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, named for the district in England. Swedesboro; town in Gloucester County, New Jersey, so named because settled by Swedes. Sweet Grass; county in Montana, named from the sweet-grass hills. Sweet Springs; city in Saline County, Missouri, so named because of its neighlior- ing springs. Sweetwater; river in Wyoming, giving name to a county, the river having been so named l)ecause its waters have a sweet taste. Swepsonville; village in Alamance County, North Carolina, named for George W. Swepson, a capitalist. Swift; county in Minnesota, named for an early governor. Swisher; county in Texas, named for James G. Swisher, a signer of the Texas declaration of independence. GANNETT.J PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 249 Switzerland: county in Tmliana, named for tlio country in Europe. Sylva; town in .laclvsou ("duiity, North Carolina, nanuul for a jironiinent resident. Sylvan Grove; city in Lincoln Connty, Kansas, so named because situated near the Twin Groves, on the north hank of the Saline River. Symmes; town in Hamilton County, Ohio, named for John Cleves Synnncs, judge in the Northwest Territory. Syracuse; city in Onondasn County, Ni'w York, named for the ancient city of Sicily. Tabery; village in Oneida County, New York, named for the iron-mining town in Swctlen. Table Rock; village in Pawnee County, Nebraska, so named because situated near a large, flat-topped rock. Tacoma; city in Washington. From the Indian woi'd Tahoma, meaning "the highest," "near heaven." laconic; range of hills in Massachusetts and village in Fairfield County, Connect- icut. An Indian word, meaning "forest," or "wilderness." Taghkanick; creek and village in Columbia County, New York. An Indian word, said to mean "there is water enough." Tahoe; lake in California and Ne'^ada. An Indian word, meaning "big water." Talbot; county in Georgia, named for Matthew Talb(jt, acting governor (if tiie State in 1819. Talbot; county in Maryland, probably named for Sir Robert Talbot, of Ireland, who married Grace, the daughter of Sir George Cab.ert, the first Lord Balti- more, though some authorities state that it was named for the uncle of Lady Talbot. Talbott; village in Jefferson County, Tennessee, named for Col. John Talbott. Talbotton; town in Talbot County, Georgia, named for ]\Iatthew Talbot, acting governor of the State in 1819. Taliaferro; county in Georgia, named for Col. Benjamin Taliaferro. Talladega; city and county in Alabama. An Indian name, meaning "at the end," "on the border," hence a town on the frontier. Tallahassee; city in Florida, so named because it is supposed to have been the site of Indian cornfields in remote times. An Indian word, meaning "old town." Tallahatchie; county in Mississippi, named from the princi])al branch of the Yazoo River in the same State. An Indian word, meaning "river of the rock." Tallapoosa; river in Georgia and Alabama, giving name to a count}' in Alabama and a city in Haralson County, Georgia. An Indian word, meaning "swift cur- rent," or, according to some authorities, "stranger," "newcomer." Talleyville; village in Newcastle County, Delaware, named for the Talley family, early residents. (Tallula; village in Menard County, Illinois; Tallulah Falls; town in Rabun County, Georgia. From an Indian word, meaning I "leaping waters." Tama; county in Iowa. An Indian word, meaning "beautiful," "pleasant," " lovely," or the name of the wife of the Indian chief Poweshiek. Still another authority states that it is named for a chief whose name meant "bear w'hose voice makes the rocks tremble." Tamalpais; village in Marin C'ounty, California. A Spanish word, meaning "region of the Tamal Indians. " Tamanend; village in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, named for an Indian chief, the word meaning "beaver-like," or "amiable." Tamaqua; borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. From an Indian word, meaning " beaver stream." Tampa; bay and city on the West coast of Florida. From the Indian word Itimpi, "close to it, near it." 250 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [buli,. 197. Taney; county in Missouri, named Tor Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States. Tangipahoa; river, town, and parish in Louisiana, named for an Indian tribe, the word meaning "those who gather maize stalks." Tankhanna; creels in Pennsylvania. An Indian word, meaning "the smaller stream." Taopi; village in Mower County, Minnesota, said to be named for an Indian chief who befriended the whites in the Minnesota massacre, the word meaning "wounded." ITappan; town in Harrison County, Ohio; Tappantown; village in Rockland County, New York. From the Indian word Thuphane, meaning "cold stream." Tar; river in North Carolina; Tarboro; town in Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Named from the above, which received its name on account of the tar made upon its banks by early colonial settlers. Wheeler gives the origin of the name of the river as from the Indian word Tau, "river of health." Tarrant; county in Texas, named for an early settler jn'ominent in politics after the annexation. Tarrant; creek in Virginia, named for the family who owned much land along its \Vestern border. Tarry all; peak and stream in Colorado, so named because of the rich placers found along the latter. TarrytoAvn; village in Westchester County, New York. Mortification of its former name of Terwen, "wheat town," given on account of its large crops of that cereal. Tatamy; borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, named for a chief of the Delaware Indians who was i^rominent in the colonial history of the State. Tate; county in Mississippi, named for a prominent family of which T. S. Tate was a member. Tatonka; village in Ellsworth County, Kansas. An Indian word, meaning "l)uffalo." Tattnall; county in Georgia, named for Josiah Tattnall, an early governor. Tatum; town in Marlboro County, South Carolina, named for a resident family. Taunton; river and city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, named for the town in England. Tawas; city in Iosco County, Michigan, a contraction of Tawawa. Tawawa; town in Shelby County, Ohio. Indian word meaning "trader." Taycheedah; village in Fond du I^ac County, AVisconsin, so named because of the Indian camp made upon Lake Winnebago. An Indian word, jneaning "lake camp." Taylor; jieak in Humboldt County, (California, name. 'i'ay- lor, former jud.u'e of the State. Tazewell; county in Illinois, named for (iovernor i>iltleton \V. Tazewell, of Viru:inia. Tazewell; town and county in Viriiinia, and villaj^e in ^hu'ion (\)unty, (Jeortria, named for Senator Henry Tazewell, of Virji;inia. Tchemanahaut; ntream in Tlot Sprin<,'s County, Arkansas. A corruption of the Frencli chemin en haut, " lule, a rela- tive of Earl Temple, of England. Templeton; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, said to have been named for Earl Temple. Tenafly; borough in Bergen County, New Jersey. A Dutch word, meaning "at the meadow." Tenasillihee; island in the Colnndiia River, Oregon. An Indian word, meaning "little land." Tenino; town in Thurston County, Washington, named for an Indian tribe. Tennessee; tributary of the Ohio River which gives name to a State of the Union. Three different derivations are given the name: From Tanase, the name of the most important village of the Cherokee Indians; from an Indian word meaning "a curved spoon;" or from Taensa, an Indian tribe of the Watchesan family. Tensas; parish in Louisiana, named for a now extinct tribe of Indians. Teocalli; mountain in Colorado, so named because shaped like a Mexican pyramid. Terrebonne; parish in Louisiana, named for a ])lace in ('anada. A French word, meaning "good land." Terre Haute; city in Indiana, built upon a bank (iO feet above the river. A P^rench word, meaning "high land." Terrell; county in Georgia, named for Dr. William Terrell, an early member of Congress from that State. Terre Noir; creek in Arkansas. A French word, meaning "black land." Terrill; mountain in Utah, named for the wife of J. II. Renshawe, of the United States (Tcological Survey. Terry; town in Hinds County, Mississippi, named for P>ill Terry, a resident. Terry; county in Texas, named for Frank Terry, conunander of the Texas Rangers in the civil war. Terryville; village in Litchtield ('ounty, Coiuiecticut, named ior a manufacturer of wooden clocks there. 252 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Teton; (county, river, and mountain in Montana; range of mountains in Wyoming; and town in Fremont County, Idaho, named for an Indian tribe whose name • was variously written Teton, Titon, or Titowan. Teutopolis; village in Effingham County, Illinois, originally settled by a colony of Germans from Cincinnati. Tewksbury; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, probably named for the town in England. Texarkana; city in Miller County, Arkansas, near the border between Arkansas and Texas. The name formed of a combination of these two names. Texas; largest of the United States. Said by some to be a Spanish word applied to the republic, but the generally accepted version of the name is that it is an Indian word, used as a token of friendship. A county in Missouri, named for that republic. Thames; river in Connecticut, named for the one in England. Thatchers; island in Massachusetts, named for Anthony Thacher, who was ship- wrecked there in 1635. Thayer; city in Neosho County, Kansas, named for Nathaniel Thayer, of Boston. Thayer; county in Nebraska, named for Governor John jNI. Thayer. Theresa; county in Jefferson County, New York, named for the daughter of James Le Ray de Chaumont. Thibodaux; town in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, named for H. S. Thibodeaux. Thielsen; mountain in Oregon, named for Hans Thielsen, chief engineer of the Oregon and California Railroad. Thomas; county in Georgia, named for Gen. Jett Thomas. Thomas; county in Kansas, named for Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas. Thomas; mountains in Utah, named for Col. L. Thomas. Thomaston; town in Upson county, Georgia, named for Gen. Jett Thomas. Thomaston; town in Knox County, Maine, nameil for Gen. John Thomas, of Mas- sachusetts. Thomasville; town in Thomas County, Georgia, named for Gen. Jett Thomas. Thomasville; town in Davidson County, North Carolina, named for State Senator Thomas. Thorndike; town in Waldo County, Maine, named for Thomas Thorndike, one of tlie original jiroprietors. Thornton; town in Holmes County, Mississippi, named for Dr. C. C. Thornton, a large land owner. Thornton; town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, probably named for three brothers, Thornton, early settlers, but by some credited to Hon. Mathew Thornton. Three Oaks; village in Berrien County, INIichigan; so named on account of three large oaks near the village. Three River; peak in Yellowstone Park; so named because the three rivers, Galla- tin, INIadison, and Gardiner, take their rise on its slopes. Three Rivers; city in Michigan; so named because situated at the junction of the St. Joseph, Portage, and Rocky rivers. Throckmorton; county in Texas, named for Dr. William E. Throckmorton, one of tiie hrst pioneers of northern Texas. Throgs Neck; cape in Westchester County, New York, named for John Throck- morton, an original patentee. Throop; town in Cayuga County, New York, named for Hon. Enos T. Throop, governor. Thurman; town in Warren County, New York, named for John Thurman. Thurston; county in Nebraska, named for Senator John M. Thurston. (5ANNETT.] PLACE NAMES TN THE UNITED STATES. 253 Thurston; town in Stcultcn County, New York, nanicil for William I!. Tliurston, a landholder. Thurston; county in Washington, named foi- Samuel \l. Thurston, delegate to Congress from Oregon Territory. Tibbetts; creek in Westchester County, New York, named for the family who have owned the adjoining land for one hundred and thirty years. Tibee; creek in INIississipiji. For derivation see (>ldilihe}i, "coffin makers." Tombstone; town in Pima County, Arizona, so named by its founder, because when starting out on his prosi^ecting tour he was assured he would "find his tombstone." Tom.e; village in Valencia County, New Mexico. A contraction of Santo Tonuis, Sjianish for St. Thomas. Tom Green; county in Texas, named for Gen. Tom Green, distinguished in the early history of the State, and later in the civil war. Tonioka; river in Florida, named for an Indian tribe. I Tompkins; county and town in Delaware County, New York; Tompkinsville ; village in Richmond County, New York, and Monroe County, Kentucky. Named for Daniel D. Tompkins, governor of New York in 1807. Toms; river in Ocean County, New Jersey, said to have been named for Capt. William Tom, an early English settler. Tonawanda; stream, and town in Erie CViunty, New York. An Indian word meaning, "swift water." Tonganoxie; town in Leavenworth County, Kansas, named for a Delaware Indian who kei)t a stopping place near the present town site. Tonica; village in Lasalle County, Illinois, prol)ably named from the Indian, the word said to mean "a place or country inhabited." Tooele; county in Utah, so named on account of a species of rush which grows in the mountains. Topeka; city in Kansas and village in Mason (-ounty, Illinois. Indian, meaning " a good place to dig potatoes." Topsfield; town in Essex County, Massachusetts, named from the parish in England. Topsham; town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, named for the seaport in England. Toronto; many towns and cities in the United States bear this Indian name, meaning "oak tree rising from the lake," which has been transferred to them from the city in Canada. uANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 255 Torowcap; valley in Arizona. Indian, meaning "a clayey locality." Torrey; }peak in Colorado, named for the hotanii^t. Torrey; town in Yates Connty, New York, named for Henry Torrey. Torring-ton; town in Litehtield Connty, Connecticnt, nauu'd for the town in England. Totowa; borongh in Passaic Connty, New Jersey. From the Indian word tosawei, meaning "to sink, dive, or go under water," as timbers do when carried over a waterfall. Totoganic; river in Wisconsin. Indian, meaning "place of floating l(|gs." Totoket; hill in New Bedford, Connecticnt. Prol>al»ly an Indian word, mei'ning "on the great tidal river." Tottenville; village in Richmond Connty, New York, named for the Tottens, family of early residents. Toulbah; mountain m Maine, in shape resembling a turtle. Indian, meaning "turtle." Towaliga; river in Georgia, so named because the Indians roasted the scalps of the wliites upon its banks. Towelaggie, "roasted scalps." Towauda; village in McLean County, Illinois, and l)orongh in Bradford Connty, Pennsylvania. Indian, meaning " where we bury the dead." Tower City; borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, and town in Cass County, North Dakota, named for Charlemagne Tower, father of the present United States ambassador to Russia. Towner; county in North Dakota, named for ( ). M. Towner, a nannber of the Terri- torial council. Towns; county in (Jeorgia, named for (u'orge W. 1>. Towns, former governor of the State. Townsend; town in Newcastle County, Delaware, named for Sanmel Townsend, a large land owner. [Townsend; town in INIiddlesex County, Massachusetts; . Townshend ; town in Windham County, Vermont. Named for Charles Townshend, who was a member of the ministry during Governor Wentworth's term of office. Towson; town in Baltimore County, Maryland, named for the family of which Gen. Nathan Towson was a member. Tracy; village in Piatt County, Missouri, named for an official of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. Traill; county in North Dakota, named for W. J. S. Trail, a rei)resentative of the Hudson Bay Company. Transylvania; county in North Carolina, so named on account of its geographical position — " beyond the forest." Trappe; borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, so named on account of the high steps which led up to one of the early taverns, designated by the Ger- man settlers as "treppe." Travellers Rest; town in Greenville Ce a I'eau, " mountain which stands in the water." Trenton; city in New Jersey, named for Col. William Trent, speaker of the assembly. Trexlertown; town in Lehigh County, IVnnsylvania, named for John Trexler. Tribune; city in Greeley County, Kansas, named for the Tribune (New York), ( Irceley's newspa^ier. Trident; mesa in Colorado, so named because of the three spurs which rise from it. Trigg; county in Kentucky, named for Col. Stephen Trigg, slain by the Indians at the battle of Blue Licks. Trimble; county in Kentucky, named for the Hon. Robert Trimble. Trinchera; creek in Colorado. iSi)anish word, meaning "cut-bank river." Trinity; county in California, named from the river, so named from the supposition of its first American exj)lorers that it emptied into the Bay of Trinidad, which was entered by its Spanish discoverers on Trinity Sunday. Trinity; town in Randolph County, North Carolina, named from Trinity College, formerly located there. Trinity; river and county in Texas, named for the river, name(l for the Triune God. Tripp; comity in South Dakota, named for Bartlett Tripp, United States minister to Austria in 1893. Troup; county in Georgia, named for Hon. George M. Troup, Senator from that State. Trousdale; county in Tennessee, named for Governor William Trousdale. Troy; cities in Kansas, Mississippi, and New York, named for the ancient Troy of Asia IVIinor. Troy; town in Montgomery County, North Carolina, named for Matthew Troy, a jirominent lawyer. Truckee; river in California, nameoint on Staten Island, New York, named for the man who formerly owned that part of the island. Ward; county in North Dakota, named for lion. Mark Ward, of South Dakota. Ward; county in Texas, named for Thomas W. Ward, the commissioner of the gen- eral land office under the first State governor of Texas. Wards; island in New York, named for Jasper and Bartholomew Ward, former proprietors. Wards; town in Saluda County, South C'arolina, named for the Ward family, prominent residents of the State. Wardsboro; town in Windham County, Vermont, named for William Ward, of Newfane, the principal proprietor. Ware; county in Georgia, named for Nicholas Ware, an early Senator from Georgia. Ware; town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, so named on account of the weirs, or weirers, formerly constructed in the river to catch salmon. Wareham; town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, named for the town in FvUgland. Waresboro; town in Ware County, Georgia, named for Nicholas Ware, an early Senator from that State. Warner; town in IVIerrimack County, New Hampshire, named for Col. Jonathan Warner, of Portsmouth. Warnerville ; village in Schoharie County, New York, named for Capt. George Warner, the first settler. Warramaug; pond in Litchfield County, Connecticut. An Indian word, meaning "good fishing place." Warren; creek in Humboldt County, California, named for a settler. Warren; counties in Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia; borough in Warren County, Pennsylvania; towns in Knox County, Maine; Worcester County, Massachusetts; and Herkimer County, New York; and a fortification in Boston Harbor; named for Joseph Warren, who fell in the battle of Bunker Hill. Warren; county in Indiana, named for Gen. Francis Warren. Warren; city in Trumbull County, Ohio, named for Gen. Moses Warren, of Lyme, Connecticut. Warren; towns in Grafton County, New Hampshire, and Bristol County, Rhode Island, named for Admiral Sir Peter Warren of the royal navy. Warrenton; town in Warren County, North Carolina, named for Gen. Joseph Warren, officer of the Revolution, who fell in the battle of Bunker Hill. Warrick; county in Indiana, named for Capt. JacoVj Warrick, killed in the battle of Tippecanoe. Warsaw; city in Kosciusko County, Indiana, and town in Benton County, Mis- souri, named for the capita! of Poland. Warwick; towns in Franklin County, Massachusetts, and Kent County, Rhode Island, named for the Earl of Warwick. Warwick; county in Virginia, named for the town in England. Wasatch; rangeof mountains and county in Utah. Indian word, meaning " lake of many waters." 266 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Wasco; county in Oregon, .said to ])e named for an Indian tribe, though it may have been derived from wasko, " gi'ass, or grass people." It is also the name of an Indian dish. "Waseca; several small streams in Minnesota and Dakota, probably giving name to the town and county in Minnesota. Indian word, meaning "red earth or paint," or, according to another authority, " a pine tree." Washabaugh; county in South Dakota, named for Frank Washabaugh, prominent State politician. Washburn; town in Aroostook County, Maine, named for Israel Washburn, jr., governor of the State during the civil war. Washburn; mountain in Yellowstone Park, named for Gen. Henry Dane Washburn. Washburn; county in Wisconsin, named for Cadwallader C. Washburn, former governor. Washing-ton; State of the Union, counties in Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Mississijjpi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin; parish in Louisiana; town in Berkshire County, Mas- sachusetts; highest peak of the White Mountains in New Hampshire; and doubtless the counties in Alabama, Colorailo, Florida, Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, and Utah, and many other towns; Washing-ton; city, capital of the United States; Washingtonville ; town in Orange County, New York. Named for Gen. George Washington. Washita; county in Oklalioma and village in Montgomery County, Arkansas. An Indian word, said to mean either "male deer" or "the country of large buffaloes." Washoe; county and city in Nevada, named for a tribe of Indians who formerly lived in the vicinity. Washta; town in Cherokee County, Iowa. Indian word, meaning "good." Washtenaw; county in Michigan, named for the east branch of Grand River; the name said to be derived from the Indian word, washtenong, " river that ia far off." Wasioja; town in Dodge County, Minnesota, so named because of the pine trees growing near. An Indian word meaning "pine grove." Wassaic; village in Dutchess County, New York. Indian word, meaning " difficult, or hard work." Wastedo; town in Goodhue County, Minnesota. An Indian word, meaning "good." Watab; village in Benton County, Minnesota. Indian word meaning " root of pine, or fir, to sew a canoe." Wataga; village in Knox County, Illinois. From the Potawatomi Indian word, meaning, " I heard;" or, if derived from ahweataga, "he has gone to ramble." Watauga; river in Tennessee and county in North Carolina. Indian word, meaning " river of islands." Wateree; river and town in Richland County, South Carolina, named for the Indian tribe — the word meaning "to float on the water." Waterford; town in Marshall County, Mississippi, so named on account of the great volume of water contained in Spring Creek at this point. Waterford; village in Saratoga County, New York, so named on account of a ford over to Haven Island. Waterford; town in Caledonia County, Vermont, so named because o! its situation on the Connecticut River. Waterloo; many places in the United States named for the famous battlefield. Watertown; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, so called because it was "a well-watered place," and the first means of communication between this place and Boston was by water. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES TTSr THE UNITED STATES. 267 Watertovm; town in Jefferson (_"onnty, New York, so named on aoconnt of the extraordinary anionnt of water power there. Water Valley; city in Yalol)Usha C'onnty, Mississippi, so named on acconnt of the perpetnal stream passing there. Waterville; city in Maine, so named becanse situated at Ticonic Falls (m the Ken- nebec Eiver, which furnishes the motive power for its factories. Watervliet; city on the Hudson, in Albany County, New York. From the Dut<;h, meaning " flowing stream." Wathena; city in Doniphan County, Kansas, named for a chief of the Kickapoo Indians. Watkins; village in Schuyler County, New York, named for Dr. Samuel Watkins, of London, one of the first proprietors. Watkinsville; town in Oconee County, Cieorgia, nameie County, Pennsylvania, named for David Watts, an early settler. Waubay; village in Day County, South Dakota. Indian wonl. meaning "place of hatching." Waubeek; towns in Linn County, Iowa, and Dunn County, Wisconsin. Indian word, meaning "metal," or "metallic substance." Waubesa; lake in Wisconsin. Indian word, meaning "swan." Wauconda; village in Lake C'ounty, Illinois. Indian word, meaning "the good spirit," or "master of life." Waukarusa; stream in Kansas. Indian word, meaning "hip deep." * Waukau; town in Winnebago County, Wisconsin. Indian word, meaning "haV)it- ually," or "often." Waukegan; city in Lake County, Illinois. Indian word, meaning "house or fort," "white man's dwelling." Waukesha; city and county in Wisconsin. Indian word, meaning "fox." Waukon; town in Allamakee County, Iowa. Indian word, meaning "moss on trees that is eatable." Waunakee; village in Dane County, Wisconsin. From the Indian word, wanaki, "he lies," or "he lives in peace." Wauneta; village in Chase County, Nebraska. Indian word, meaning "winter camp." Waupaca; county in Wisconsin, nametl for the Menominee Indians, the meaning being "pale water." Wauponsee; town in Grundy County, Illinois. For derivation see Wahaunsee. Waupun; town in Fond du lac County, Wisconsin. Indian word, meaning "early, or early day," or, according to another authority, from waba, meaning "east." Wauregan; village in Windham County, Connecticut. Indian word, meaning "a good thing." Wausau; city in Wisconsin. Corruption of wassa, meaning "faraway." Wausaukee; river in Wisconsin. Indian word, meaning "distant land." Wauseon; village in Fulton County, Ohio, named for an Indian chief. Wauwatosa; city in Wisconsin. Corruption of wewatessi, meaning "firefly." Wauzeka; village in Crawford (bounty, Wisconsin, named for an Indian chief, the name said to mean " pine." 268 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [buu. 197. Waverly; village in Pike County, Ohio, named for Scott's novels. Wawarsing; town in Ulster County, New York. Indian word, meaning "black- bird's nest." Wawayanda; town in Orange County, New York. Said to be the Indian corrup- tion of the English phrase "away over yonder." Waxhaw; creek in North and South Carolina, towns in Union County, North Caro- lina, and Lancaster County, South Carolina, named for an Indian tribe. Wayland; town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, nameeen Wallamet, derived from the same root as Walla Walla and Wallula; when applied to water, meaning "running." Another authority gives its definition as "the long and beautiful river." Willey; peak in the White Mountains, New Hampshire, named for the Willey family, who were killed in an avalanche in 1826. Williams; river and mountain in Arizona, named for one of the guides of the Fre- mont expedition. Williams; creek in Humlioldt County, California, named for an early settler. Williams; town in Colusa County, California, named for its founder. Williams; county in North Dakota, named for Hon. E. A. Williams, one of the Territorial pioneers and prominent in the political life of the State. Williams; county in Ohio, named for David Williams, one of the captors of Major Andre. Williams; river in Vermont, named for the Rev. John Williams. Williamsburg; town in Iowa County, Iowa, named for an early settler. Williamsburg-; town in Piscataquis County, Maine, named for William Dood, of Boston, an early settler. Williamsburg; town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, named for a family resident of the neighborhood. Williamsburg; village in Clermont County, Ohio, named for Gen. \Villiam Lytle, its founder. Williamsburg; county in South Carolina and city in James (!ity County, Virginia, named for William III, of England. Williamson; counties in Illinois and Tennessee, named for General Williamson. Bull. 197—02 18 274 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. Ibull. 197. Williamson; town in Wayne County, New York, named for Charles Williamson, tirA agent of the Pulteney estate. ■Williamson; river in Oregon, named for Lient. R. S. Williamson, an early explorer (if that part of the country. "Williamson; county in Texas, named for Judge Robert Williamson, last of the alcaldes of Texas. Williamsport; city in Indiana, said to be named for James D. Williams, former governor. Williamsport; city in Pennsylvania, named for William Ilepljurn, one of the first associate judges of the county of Lycoming. Williamston; town in Martin County, North Carolina, named for a family numer- ous in the State. Williamston; town in Anderson County, South Carolina, named for the family of Col. James Williams, officer of the Revolution. Williamstown ; town in Grant County, Kentucky, named for William Arnold, probably the first settler. Williamstovrn; town in Orange County, Vermont, named for the town of the same name in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, which was named for Col. Ephraim Williams, the founder of Williams College. Williamsville ; city in Wayne County, Missouri, named for Asa E. Williams, who laid it out. Williamsville; village in Erie County, New York, named for Jonas Williams, early settler. Willimantic; river, and a city in Windham County, Connecticut. Indian word, meaning a "good lookout," or, according to another authority, "good cedar swamps." Willis; city in Brown County, Kansas, named for Martin Cleveland Willis, an early settler. Williston; town in Williams County, North Dakota, named for Associate Justice Lorenzo P. Williston. Williston; town in Barnwell County, South Carolina, named for the Willis family, prominent residents of the vicinity. Williston; town in Chittenden County, Vermont, named for Samuel Willis, one of the grantees. Willoughby; village in Lake County, Ohio, named for Professor Willoughby of New York. Wilmette; village in Cook County, Illinois, named for Quilmette Indian half-breed. Wilmington; city in Delaware, the present name a corruption of the name Wil- lington, given it in honor of Thomas Willing. Wilmington; towns in Middlesex County, Massachusetts; New Hanover County, North ( -arolina, and Windham County, Vermont, named for Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington. Wilmot; town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, named for Dr. Wilmot, an Englishman. Wilna; town in Jefferson County, New York, named for the town in Russia. Wilpiquin; stream in Maryland, so called because the Nanticokes carried the skulls and bones of the dead and buried them in the caverns. Indian word, meaning " the place of interring skulls." Wilson; mountains in Colorado and Utah, named for A. D. Wilson, topographer. Wilson; county and town in Ellsworth County, Kansas, named for Iliero T. Wil- son, merchant of Fort Scott. Wilson; village in Niagara County, New York, named for Reuben Wilson, an early settler. Wilson; county and town in same county in North Carolina, named for Louis D. Wilson, State senator and officer of Mexican war. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 275 Wilson; county in Tennessee, named for Maj. David Wilson. Wilson; county in Texai^;, named for James C. Wilson. Wilson; point in Washington, named for Capt. (ieorge Wilson of the British navy. Wilton; town in llillsboro County, New Hampshire, named for the town in England. Winamac; town in Pulaski County, Indiana. Indian word, meaning "catfish." Winchendon; town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, named for the estate in England to which Governor Francis Bernard was heir. Winchester; city in Frederick County, Virginia, named for the town in England. Wind Gap; borough in North.ampton County, Pennsylvania, which takes "its name from the gap in thi' Blue Mountains, the first l)el(nv the Delaware watergap. Windham; town and county in Connecticut, for which the county of the same name in Vermont and the village in Portage County, Ohio, were named, itself being named for a town in England. Windham Center; town in (linnlierland County, Maine, named for the earls of Egremont. Windom; village in Cottonwood County, Minnesota, and town in McPherson County, Kansas, named for the Hon. William Windom, member of the cabinet (hiring the Harrison Administration. Windsor; many places in the United States have been named, directly or indirectly, for the town in England, among them being a county in Vermont, towms in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, Broome County, New York, and Kennebec County, Maine. Winfield; town in Cowley County, Kansas, named for the Rev. Winfield Scott, of Leavenworth. Winfield; town in Herkimer County, New York, named for (3ien. Winfield Scott. Wingohocking; south branch of Erankford Creek, Pennsylvania. Indian word, meaning "a favorite spot for planting." Winhall; town in Bennington County, Vermont, named for its two proprietors, Winn and Hall. Winkler; county in Texas, named for C. M.Winkler, judge of the State court of appeals. Winn; parish in Louisiana, named for Gen. Ricliard Winn, noted lawyer of the State. Winnebago; counties in Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin, and village in Faribault County, Minnesota, named for a tribe of Indians, the name meaning "people of the dirty waters." Winnebeegosish; lake in Minnesota. Indian word, meaning "very dirty or roily water." Winneconne; village in Winnebago County, Wisconsin. From an Indian word, winikaning, "dirty place." Winnegance; village in Sagadahoc County, Maine, named from a near-by river. Indian word, meaning "beautiful water." Winnemucca; town in Humboldt County, Nevada, mountain peak, lake, and town in same State, named for a chief of the Shoshone Indians. Winnepe; lake in Minnesota. Indian word, meaning "place of dirty water." Winnepesaukee; lake in New Hampshire. Indian word, meaning "good water discharge." Winneshiek; county in Iowa, named for an Indian chief. Winnetka; village in Cook County, Illinois. Indian word, meaning "beautiful place. ' ' Winnsboro; city in Fairfield County, South Carolina, named for Gen. Richard Winn, its founder. Winona; city and county in Minnesota, and town in Montgomery County, Missis- sippi. Indian word, meaning "tirst-l)orn daughter." Winslow; town in Kennebec County, Maine, named for Gen. John Winslow. 276 PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. [bull. 197. Winston; county in Alabama, named for John A. Winston, former governor of the State. Winston; county in Mississippi, named for Col. Louis Winston. Winston; city in Forsyth County, North Carolina, named for Joseph Winston, sol- dier of the Revolution. Winthrop; towns in Kennebec County, Maine, and Suffolk County, Massachusetts, named for the Winthrop family, whose founder in America was John Winthrop, governor of the Massachusetts colony in 1629. Winton; town in Hertford County, North Carolina, named for a member of C( )ngress. Winyah; bay in Georgetown County, South Carolina. Corrupted name of the tribe of Winyaw Indians. Wirt; county in West Virginia, named for William Wirt, Attorney-General of the United States during the Monroe Administration. Wisacky; town in Sumter County, South Carolina. Corruption of the name of the Waxhaw Indians. Wiscasset; town in Lincoln County, Maine. Indian word, meaning "place of the yellow pine." Wisconk; river in New Jersey. Indian word, meaning "the elbow." Wisconsin; State of the Union, and important river. Indian word, meaning "wild, rushing river." Wiscoy; village in Allegany County, and stream in Wyoming County, New York. Indian word, meaning "under the banks," or, according to another authority, "many fall creek." Wise; counties in Virginia and Texas, named for Henry A. Wise, prominent poli- tician of the former State. Wissahickon; creek in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Indian word, mean- ing "catfish stream." Wissinoming-; north branch of Frankford Creek, Pennsylvania. Indian word, mean- ing "where we were frightened." Witakantu; lake in Minnesota. Indian word, meaning " high islands." Withlacoochee; river and town in Hernando County, Florida. Indian word, meaning "little river," or, according to another authority, "long, narrow river." Wiwoka; tributary of the Coosa River, Alabama. Indian word, meaning "roaring water. ' ' Woburn; city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, named for the town in England. Wolcott; town in New Haven County, Connecticut, named for Frederick Wolcott. Wolcott; town in Wayne County, New York; Wolcottville; village in Litchfield County, Connecticut. Named for Oliver Wol- cott, Secretary of the Treasury during the administrations of Washington and Adams. Wolf; river in Kansas. Translation of the French name, riviere de Loup. Wolf; rapids in the Yellowstone, Montana, so named by Clarke because a wolf w^as seen there. Wolf; stream in Pennsylvania. From the Indian word, Tummeink, "where there is a wolf." Wolfe; county in Kentucky, named for Nathaniel Wolfe, member of the State legislature. Wolfeboro; town in Carroll County, New Hampshire, named for General W^olfe, the hero of Ciuebec. Wolhurst; station in Arapahoe County, Colorado, named for Senator Wolcott, who owns real estate there. Wolverton; creek in California, named for a settler. Womelsdorf ; borough in Burks County, Pennsylvania, named for John Wommels- dorf, its founder. GANNETT.] PLACE NAMES IN THE UNITED STATES. 277 Wonakaketuk; stream in Vermont. Indian word, meaning; " river of otters." Wonewoc; village in Juneau County, Wisconsin, ('orruption of the Indian word, wonowag, "they howl," meaning the wolves. Wononsco; lake in Litehtield C'ounty, Connecticut. From an Indian word, mean- ing "bend of the pond land." Wood; county in Ohio, nameil for Col. Eleazer I). Wood, distinguished at the battle ni Niagara. Wood; county in Texas, name f^ ■''^.^ \ >p°^. \^ 'm:.)J^, ''■^j. v^ .^^ .-^^^ ''-> ' * v^ -^^ ^- ©U& ." 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