Class JtfT^ Gi2IYRIGHT DEPOSm OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK A COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL OF INSTRUCTION FOR THOSE WISHING FEDERAL OFFICE By WILBUR G. MILLER, LL. B. Copyrishted 1913. All ristits reseired. i<^ ( j 3, 2i S* M. C fHE VICE-PRESIDENT'S CHAMBER. WASHINGTON. At Utioa, New Yori, October 18, 1909^ Mr. Wilbur G. Miller, Jfational Press Club, Washington » D» C. My dear Mr. Miller: Your courteous favor of October 15, is received. You certainly can refer anybody you desire to me, for an expression of my opinion as to your work^ My answer to any one who saw fit to use a reference, would be that I had known you for many years, and always found you a perfect gentleman, courteous in the ex*«^em, absolutely reliable and in my judgement exceedingly prdsfic- ient in your calling. PREFACE AND- AN APPRECIATION Although th'is is a government of the people, for tlie people, by the people, and notwithstanding the fact that ^ Vast army of an ever changing personnel is employed in the service of Uncle Sam. there has Been up to this time no authority upon the sub- ject of Federal office-seeking and office-getting. There is no reason why this work shall not be recognized as such an authority for it is the thoughtfully considered and carefully wrought out result of many years of close and observant study of governmental operation, ten of these years hav- ing been spent in the active field of the Washington newspaper correspondent, as the representative at the White House, and in the Senate for that great newsgathering press association, the United Press. This book is dedicated to the work of inspiring in the hearts of honest, capable men the des'ire for office holding, and' also dedicated to the host of real' newspaper men — the loyal, untiring, energetic, and unsmirched body of workers of wham the former President, Mr. Taft, said in part in a recent speech in Chicago "Speaking from a Washington standpoint, the standard of newspaper correspondents at the National capital, representing all the great (papers and all the great press assocliations. is on the whole a high one. Such men, when they have established the right to have it, as most have done, share the confidence of Sen- ators, of the Cabinet, of the leaders of Con- gress, and even of the President. And these newspaper men are most careful to observe the lines which are laid down in these confi- dences restraiiming the extent of their publica- tion. The amount of information that news- ipaper correspondents have which they do not give to the public would surprise most men not familiar with affairs lim the Nation's capital. This book does not pretend to say that every man who follows its precepts shall secure a Fed- eral oflSce, but it can in accuracy be declared that the one who faithfully follows the advice laid down here has an extraordinary advantage in oflBee seek- ing over the applicant for oflice who does not do so. CONTENTS DIVISION OF FEDERAL OFFICES Page Definition of the Gifts that Uncle Sam Has to Bestow 9 Federal Classification of Offices and Positions According to the Civil Service Coimmission 11 SECTION ONE. OFFICES BY FAVORITISM Page Patronage Urectly at the Disposal of the President ....... 13 Large Variety of Positions at the Exclusive Disposal of Senators and Representatives 19 Enormous Advantage to One Familiar with the Procedure 22 What "Official Approval" Actually Means . . 23 Why Presiiidents Recognize "Congressional Prerogative" 23 The First Essential 23 Other Essentials 25 Value of Political Influence .... 26 Blunders that Prove Costly .... 27 Rules of Procedure Summarized ... 30 Concrete Instances Showing the Value of Con- gressional Endorsement 31 What tlie Electioa of a Demoersttie Presidient Means to the Southern States ... 35 How Ever-Changing Vacaheies in Offiee? a^fe Created 37 How th« Senate System Has Been Changed SECTION TWO. OFFICES BY PARTIAL FAVORITISM CONSULAR SERVICE. Page How Appointments Have Been Removed from Control of the Sipoilman 4Q Purpose and Scope of the Examination — R^ quisites for Admission to Examination . . 40 Sample List of Questions Submitted to Can- didates 45 How the Alert Spoilsman is Still Able to Find an Occasiional Loophole 50 Milk in the Examination — Cocoanut Whereby Political Favoritism Can Still Get a Hearing 51 J'OURTH-CLASS POSTMASTERS. Page Establishment of a Merit System . . . 52 Persons Not Eligiible to Office .... 53 Two Grades of Examinations S© Form of Examination, Ratings, etc. ... 57 Wh€n a Postmaster Can be Removed . . 58 Regulations for Examinations Issued Under the Order of President Taft 59 SECTION THEBE. OFFICES BY THE MERIT SYSTEM CLASSIFIED SERVICE. Page The President, the Alpha and Omega of the Civil Service ........ 63 Policies of McKinley and Roosevelt Contrasted 64 A Supreme Court Decision, Defining the Presi- dent's Absolute Power of Appointment and Removal 65 How the Law Has Provided for an Army of Workers 67 Desirability of Employment and Salary in De- partmental Service in Washington ... 68 Those Debarred from Admission to Examina- tions 70 Exact Text of Rigid Regulatiions Governing Examinations 72 Clerk's Examination is the Basic Test . . .76 Sample List of Subjects and Questions Pre- scribed in a Clerk's Examination . . 77 High Court Rulings Against Property Right in Office 82 How Well Defined Rulings Give Comfort to Spoilsmen 83 Term— "Efficiency"— as Key to Removals . 85 One Method of Beating the Oivil Service Rule That is Considered Perfectly Proper . . .87 PATRONAGE SECTION SOME OFFICES AT THE DISPOSAL OF THE PRESIDENT. Page State Department . . . . . . . 90 Information for Applicants . . ... 9& Regulations Governing Procedure of Diiplomatic Agents 97 Treasury Department 9& Department of Justice 109 United States District Attorneys and Dates of Appointments 11& United States Marshals and Dates of Appoint- ments , 119 War Department . . 122 Post Office Department ... .... 124 Navy Department 125 Interior Department . . . . . ; . 125 Agricultural Department . . . . . 12& Department of Commerce and Labor— Terri- tories and Interstate Commerce Commission 135 Miscellaneous . . 13$ United States Senate ...... 130 House of Representatives 139 Library of Congress . 142 District of Columbia ....... 144 Names of Ambassadors, Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary, Consuls Gen- eral, Consuls, etc., and Dates of Appoint- ments . . 148 Popular Vote for President 1912 ... .163 DIVISION OF FEDERAL OFFICES A change of party administration in tlie Federal government means that upwards of 10,000 big oflSces at. lucrative salaries are at the immediate or ultimate disposal of the new PRESIDENT. In addition to these offi€es there are nearly 223,000 positions in the classified service, including the 28,000 (persons employed in Panama canal work. While these positions are supposed to he absolutely protected from the spoilsman many are, neverthe- less, open to the manipulation of the wise and powerful office seeker and his /Senator or his Con- gressman. In addition to these there are some 100,000 gov- ernment positions in the unclassified service and open to favoritism but most of them are below PRESIDENTIAL size, yet subject to executive in- fluence, if the PRESIDENT cares to exercise it, but more properly belonging to the members of congress. The positions under the class-ified service are within the jurisdiction of the PRESIDENT. He Can extend the service; he can permit it to remain as it is; And he can, if he sees fit, remove as much of the classified protection as he desires. To do the latter necessarily subjects the PRESIDENT to criticism, on the ground that he is not thoroughly in sympathy wiitih civil service reform. The Democratic party has been in the minority since the end of Grover 'Cleveland's administration. and the work of filling government oflS^es witii Democrats, whiichi was undertaken then with such great stubbornness as to almost ruin the administra- tion, will unquestionably be revived now that the Democratic party is again in control of the White House and both hranches of Congress, but it is ex- pected that the work of "filling vacancies" will be done with greater tact than in those other years. There is a slight difference of opinion as to just how many federal ofiices are at the disposal of the President and how many are under the prO' tecting wing of the classified service. The civil service commission should be a sufii- ciently conservative authority to satisfy the most exacting reformer. The figures of the commission in their entirety are given on the following page. To better enable the unitiated to thoroughly un- derstand and satisfactorily analyze the complexi- ties surrounding the general subject of federal cfilces this treatise is divided into three general divisions. They are: OFFICES BY FAVO-RITISiM. OFFICES BY PARTIAL FAVOmTISM. OFFICES AND POSITIONS UNDER THE MERIT SYSTiEtM, OR THE iCLASiSIFIED SER- VICE. FEDERAL OFFICES, CLASSIFIED (Prepared in the olBBce of the Civil Service Commission.) Department and Subdivision Competi- tive Po- sitions Excepted and Ncn- Competi- tive Unclas- sified Totals June 1,191? Presi- dential Total ^ould like to secure — nice, easy places, at minor capitals in various foreign countries, where living is not outrageously expen- sive. Up to President Roosevelt's term, the consular service was open to spoilsman. It held some of the most lucrative jobs in the government service. Now appointments in this service follow examina- tions, the appointee going to the lowest grade, sub- sequent promotion to depend upon efficiency. President Taft made the regulations slill stronger for civil service. 16 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. The power of influence here, as in the Classified Civil Service, is not entirely without its potency, however, for here, as in all other branches of the government where civil service regulations are im- posed, preferences are given that defeat the strict letter of the civil service law. Later will be explained just what means are required to legitimately enter the Consular and Classified Services, and concrete instances will be given to show how the civil service regula- tions are defeated when the head of the bureau or department in which you wish to get a posi- tion is anxious that you shall -get it. There are now fifty-seven consuls general draw- ins from $3,000 to $12,000 a year and 341 consuls at $2,000 to $8,000. The heads of bureaus in the department at Wash- ington, some hundreds in number, with salaries ranging from $3,500 to $6,000, are appointees of the President. Furthermore he appoints about 7,0'00 postmasters of the first, second and third classes, who get all the way from $1,000 to $8,000 a year. Many of the lucrative government places are in the treasury department. There are no fewer than 125 collectors of customs, not one receiving less than $3,000 a year. The New York city collector- ship pays $1,000 a montih. At many points there is no salary but the collectors are allowed to pay themselves up to $3,000 a year. There are forty-seven surveyors of customs, who get from $8,000 to $350 a year, plus fees enougH to bring up the pay to $3,000. The seven "naval officers" of customs get $5,000 apiece. There are nine general appraisers at $7,000 and sixteen more with salaries running from $2,000 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 17 to $8,000 and twenty-nine assistant appraisers at salaries ranging from $2,000 to i$4,000. There are sixty-six collectors of internal revenue drawing from a little over $3,000 to $4,500. Five superintendents of mints reoeive from $3,500 to $4,500 and twenty-eight minor jobs in mints and assay offices pay from $2,000 to $3,000 a year. There are other splendid positions in the Treas- ury department that the President can give to who- ever and whenever he pleases. There are three assistant secretaries at $5,000 and twentynfive other highly attractive positions: treasurer, deputy audi- tors, nine assistant treasurers in as many cities at from $4,000 to $5,000 and a treasurer for Porto Rico. The President also appoints surveyors and receiv- ers of the General Land Office, agents in the Indian service. United States marshals, assistant marshals. District Attorneys and Assistant District Attorneys and, of course. Federal Judges. There are sixty-four minor diplomatic appoint- ments of secretaries and attaches at foreign courts. They are distinctly ornamental, no work worth mentioning being required. Their chief duty is that of attending receptions and balls and making calls. It is almost an invariable rule that these positions go to young men of fashionable, if not rich, fami- lies, who secure them through the exercise of social influence. Under recent regulations, an attempt will 'be made to have vacancies in the position of secretary filled from the consular service by exami- nations. Positions much sought after are those in the Becret service, the military cadet at West Point, and the midshipman at Annapolis. 18 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. The Congressman makes his selection for cadet and midshipman, but the appointee must undergo a rigid mental and physical examination before he can enter the military or naval school. The cadets and midshipmen "at large" are those apportioned to each state and looked upon as the special prop- erty of the (Senators. Positions within the secret service are under the jurisdiction of the chief of that service. All appli- cations must be addressed "Secret Service, Treas- ury .Department." There are offices of United States commissioner, chaplains in army and navy and hundreds of other ones. Sufficiently extensive in scope is the list to please tihe most exacting. 2? CHAPTER II. Large Variety and Splendid Character of Positions That Senators and Representatives Have Under Their Control. There are many offices and positions at lucra- tive salaries under the exclusive control of Con- gress in the U. S. Senate, in the House of Rep- representatives and in the Library of Congress, in addition to the foregoing offices of Presiden- tial size. The President appoints the Librarian of Con- gress, but has nothing to .do with any other position in that institution , except as he may desire to exercise it by some expression of his •wants. There is almost an army of workers there, with individual salaries ranging from three to four thousand dollars to positions paying $720. In the Senate there will be a new order of tilings under the recent election, as the Demo- crats have secured control of the organization of the upper branch. Senatorial courtesy at all times prevails, but not since the Cleveland administration has the Democracy 'been in control of the Senate, hence the members of the latter party have been in the minority and they have 'had to look to the Republican leaders for special favors. In recent years a custom obtained whereby (19) 20 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. ■the Republican organization, after placing its own "party anembers as comimittee c'hairman, turn the list of vacancies over to the Demo- cratic leaders, so that the latter could fill these positions as they saw fit. That is as much as the Democrats got. There are upwards of three score or more Senate committee chairtnanships. Same of them are so important that they require two secretaries, one at $3,000 and the other at $2,000, and several messengers at $1,200 and $900. All committee chairmen are entitled to one secretary and most of them a messenger. The more "courtesy" shown the Senate majority by a Senator, the better treatment he gets in committee assistants. The method of selection of chairmen has been for the majority party to appoint a Com- mittee on Committees which shall arrange the chairmanships and, through the Sergeant-at- Arms, assign committee rooms. Under a reorganization, the majority party selects its secretary, who holds a princely posi- tion in palatial quarters and his vast retinue of clerks and other clerical help; the Disburs- ing Ofiicer; Sergeant-at-Arms, and his office force; Librarian; Superintendent of Documents; Superintendent of the folding room and a num- ber of other excellent -positions. Each one of these officials has a large force of clerks, book- keepers, etc. Then there is the chief of the capital police and his force of men, appor- tioned to the Sergeant-at-Arms office. The proper procedure to secure one of these OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 21 positions is for the applicant to secure the recognition of the Senator of his state. The Senator has entire say as to who shall be his secretaries, messengers and stenographer. The other officers are apportioned in accordance to the respective influence of the individual Sena- tors, acting as an organized body. The "good" minority Senator always has the advantage over the '^partisan" minority Senator In such dis- tribution. In the House of Representatives the Speaker used to be all powerful, having the right to se- lect the committees, but when the Insurrection started under Speaker Cannon this power was broken before Speaker Clark was elected and a Committee on Committees now exercises that function of selection. In view of the fact that the Democrats gained control of the House two years ago, the recent ascendancy of the Democ- racy will not be marked by many changes in the House organization, although many new Congressmen will be given places on commit- tees and will be accorded certain patronage. Both Senate and House have at their dis- posal, tihrough the Sergeant-at-Arms, scores of positions of pages, at $2,50 per day. CHAPTER III. The Enormous Advantage in Office Seeking to One Who Knows the Proper Method of Procedure. In seeking a federal office, that is considered patronage of the President of the United States, Senator or Congressman, there is a pro'per and well defined method of procedure — a know hov/. It is beyond question that if a careful inquiry- could be made into the reasons for selection, and likewise the reasons why certain selections were not made, in the federal appointments of the last decade, It would be found that the victor knew or blundered into the proper method, while the van- quished, either not knowing of, or indifferent to, the prccedure, violated certain principles which have become almost a necessary part of the distribution of federal patronage. Our government institutions, ibeing conducted wholly upon a political foundation, seem to neces- sarily require "politics" in the filling of federal positions, whether they be for a vacancy on the Supreme Court,in the Diplomatic Service, or a va- cancy in some subordinate position in one of the departments. Knowledge of the necessary procedure in office getting has frequently overbalanced many disad- vantageous qualifications of an office seeker; ignor- ance of the same procedure has frequently over- (22) OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 23 thrown some seeker for office who appeared to have every advantage. Official approval is an absolute essential to the securing of a federal office. This rule should never be forgotten. It should have no limitation in its application, no matter how great the exigencies of a political struggle. This principal of such wondrous potency is known as "iCongressional Prerogative." A President of the United States, being the ex- ecutive head cf an enormous business corporation and necessarily having to depend upon the legisla- tive branch of the Government for the general suc- cess of his policy, as well as for the country's pros- perity, has by long established custom practically given over to 'Senators and Congressmen the right of recommendation for appointment. In very few instances has a President made an appointment without such indorsement. The ex- ceptions have become historical and merely prove the rule, for such an act usually means a conflict with the particular Senator or Representative who has been, ignored and legislative friction follows. Thus it is that this "Congressional Prerogative," having been so thoroughly established as a politi- cal principal, is the one essential above all others in office seeking and office getting. Even President-elect Woodrow Wilson, one month after his election, while discussing in a general way with newspaper men at Trenton, N. J., the subject of office g'ving made it evident that those who ex- pect to get political appointments from him had better not try to manifest their ambition to him in person or app^y directly to him in any way. 24 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. He added that he, of course, expected to take advice about patronage and would be guided "in a great many appointments" by the recommendations of members of Congress. CHAPTER IV. The Essentials in Successful Office Seeking That Are a Part of Recognition of Con- gressional Prerogative." With this broad principle of "Congressional Prerogative" firmly fixed in the office seekers mind, let us point out the other essentials, in order to make easier the difficult work of securing the in- dorsement of a Senator or a Congressman to the application of the office seeker for one of the federal offices or positions previously named or to be found in extenso later on under a separate section. The office seeker should first select the office he desires, if possible. At least he should have a pretty general idea of the kind of government work that he is fitted for or that he desires. It is only occasionally that mem'bers of Congress will initiate the seeking of an office for an applicant; but they have been known to become very aggressive for an applicant who sought some specific office. Every public man wants to get his friends in office, if they are the kind that strengthen him politi- cally. Having made the selection, the office seeker's next step should be to get in touch with his con- gressman. This is most advantageously done by the services of a mutual friend, preferably of (25) 26 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. some -political standing, in his Congressional dis- trict. Political influence is necessary to secure Con- gressional indorsement. It might be well considered the second essential 'Of office getting. It fructifies hope and ambition into realization. It not only greases the official machinery, but furnishes, as well, the motive power. Public men are essentially human and positively politic. The more popular they are, the greater the lat- ter characteristic. They are prompted in their actions much the same as would be the man in private business, only more so. They favor their friends — when it does not in- volve too great a personal sacrifice. But as a rule the battle is to the strong. If but one constitutent wanted an office the problem of appointments could be easily solved. Oftimes, however, dozens of a Congressman's friends or political workers become involved in an aggressive and sometimes acrimonious struggle for one office. Bearing in mind the facts that the future success of a Congressman largely depends upon how successful he is in distributing fed- eral offices with the least friction, it should readily be observed by the office seeker that a very necessary essential in the matter of office getting is to avoid an open contest. It is the man who works quietly but determined- ly, intelligently and cautiously, who pushes to the forefront in a contest. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 27 The grea,test blunder that an office seeker can commit is to begin or join In an open fight. The more bitterness in a contest, the more cer- tainly are reduced the chances of those who in- cite the bitterness. The wisest method of seeking an office is for a man to secure, through some powerful friend, a personal interview with his Congressman. He can then give notice that he is an applicant for a certain position and that toe will take pleasure from time to time, in informing the Congressman of the support that his candidacy is receiving. He should express the hope that he would have the full endorsement of the Congressman. Then he should get busy in diplomatically se- curing that indorsement by securing others. The Congressman will inform the applicant, if the office sought is one in which the Senator also has a voice, or whether it is one where the Congressman has the full say. The opening interview may be largely perfunc- tory upon the part of the Congressman and what is said may have very little effect upon future de- velopments outside of forming an impression. Results depend upon the tact of the office seeker who, observing the rules just laid down, sets about to quietly secure all the influential indorsement of the people of his district tlhat he can. He may feel assured, having once notified the Congressman through Influential channels that he is a candidate for a certain office, that the Con- gressman would not think of disposing of the office in question until the applicant had been fully ad- vised. Many an office seeker, after advising his Con- 28 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. gressman of his desires permits himself against his own hest judgment to engage in a public con- troversy or contest over the office. Tihis same ill-advised judgment prompts him to send letters and indorsements direct to the par- ticular department in Washington which has jur- isdiction over the oflace he seeks. (Such action is a grievous error. A Congressman finds no records of appointments closed against him at Washington. No appointment is made until the particular cabinet oflacer calls upon the Congressman or 'Sen- ators for their indorsement. That being the case no letter or message, however confidential, can be filed in connec- tion with any application for office without the Senators and Congressmen being fully advised in regard to the matter. You can better understand now "wTiy unlooked for results in federal appointments frequently oc- cur — why the candidate that seemed to be the leading one in an open contest does not get the ofilce, and why a candidate who outwardly had given no indication of strength, got the "plum" that was so desirable. In the contest for appointment the filing of petitions counts for little. The personal indorse- ment of influential friends of the Congressman and the filing of letters of indorsement from other influential friends is the strongest method that should be taken. It is the positive influence at home that counts in the appointment of a candidate, as a rule, and not the display of strength that lie OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 29 makes openly, or tlie frequency of his visits to the Congressman. As a general thing federal appointments are not railroaded through. It is more than likely that the strongest appli- cant for an office does not file all his papers until shortly before the Congressman decides to take up the appointment for action. There is a decided advantage in an applicant keeping the source of Jils influence under cover as long as possible, ex- cept from his Congressman. The reason is too obvious to need elaboration- J4r RULES OF PROCEDURE SUMMARIZED. The general rules of procedure in seeking fed- eral office can thus be summarized: Carefully select the office that you want. Get influence guardedly; use it intelligently. Confer early with your Congressman. Avoid the circulation of petitions. Press your claims firmly and diligently but tactfully. Remember that you must have Congressional indorsemenit to secure appointment and govern yourself accordingly from first until last. Avald the rupture of fnlendly relations with all opponents. Don't harrass your "influence" with needless conferences. Avoid figuring too prominently in public as the principal in a local contest for office. Don't be driven into unwise and precipitate actions by the activity of an opponent. Endeavor to conduct your campaign so that you may get the support of an opponent in case of his withdrawal. Avoid any "brass band" methods. The man who makes ,the biggest open fight for office fs usually the fellow who defeats him- self by the antagonisms he has aroused. (30) CHAPTER V. Two Striking Concrete Cases Illustrating the Abso- lute Power of Congressional Indorsement. (Hundreds of concrete cases might be given therein an applicant for office met defeat solely beoause he didn't realize what "Congressional pre- rogative" was and failed to secure the necessary Congressional indorsement. Two instances will be cited, they not only carrying the general principle hut embodying it to a marked extent: A young man of good standing and prominence in his locality, aspired to be postmaster. He not only had a warm personal acquaintance v/)th the President, but stood in the enviable posi- tion of being the son of a man who in earlier years had hesn responsible for the election of the then President to Congress at an extremely critical time in the career to the Congressman. This fact had been frequently commented upon to the young man by the Representative, when he was in Congress and long before he became Presi- dent The aspirant for the Postoffice secured splendid indorsements for the position and filed them with his Congressman in Pennsylvania. Later it de- veloped that this Congressman had entered intO' a hard and fast agreement with a Republican organization, stipulating that the organization (31) 32 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. should have the absolute tdiistribution of federal patronage coming under (his jurisdiction in return for the support 'by that organization of the Con- gressman's candidacy. The aspirant for office visited Washington and was given an audience by the President, The mis- sion was explained and the President declared that it would give him ipleasure to appoint to office the son of a man to whom he had been under such great obligations earlier in life. He asked: "Have you seen your Congressman?" He was told no. This is the direction that he then gave the young man: "Call upon your Congressman and tell him that it would give me great pleasure to appoint you to this office." The interview ended. The young man failed to realize the significance of the advice. The Republican organization in question learned of his mission to Washington. Before he was aware of it the Congressman had gone to a watering resort and remained there for many weeks. Another man was appointed then, the candidate of the Republican organization, the man indorsed by the Congressman. In after years the young man, becoming fully conversant with the procedure of office giving, realized that if he had sought the Congressman out directly after the Washington visit and had informed the Congressman of the President's wishes, nothing would have stood in the way of the young man's appointment, for under ordinary usage such a suggestion from a Presi- dent of the United States is accepted by Sena- OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK, 33 tors and Congressmen of the dominant party as "an executive order" that could not with propriety be ignored. But a wise President will not violate the principle of congressional prerogative. -He is a politician too, remember. Take another instance: A man held the office of postmaster. He had been a warm personal friend of President Mc- Kinley. The end of his term of office came in the following administration. Under the direction of the then President, the Postmaster General (the postmaster's personal friend, by the way), was in- structed to reappoint all postmasters who had handled the affairs of their offices with distinction. This particular postmaster was so advised and after filing his application for reappointment he "stood pat," not supposing that the endorsement of Ms Congressman was necessary before he could be reappointed. The Congressman had other plans in view. He also felt piqued over the indifference of the incumbent. The case was heU up for almost a year following the expiration of the postmaster's term of office. Then came the appointment of the Congressman's candidate. The postmaster was astounded and so were his friends. This is the way it happened: A few nights earlier in Washington, following a pretty stiff poker game, the Congressman of the district in which this office was located related some of his official troubles to a High Official of the House of Representatives. He told the official that he was in an embarrassing position; that the 34 OFFICE SEEKERS ' BLUE BOOK. widow of the former President liad been exerting her influence to have certain men appointed to office. He said that in the one Ohio town in question, the postmaster had ignored him and was depending upon the widow's endorsement for re- appointment and explained that if he were turned down, it would humiliate him and weaken him be- fore his constituents. The high official of the House of Representatives informed! him that he need not worry; that he should file his endorsement for the post of post- master in question and that he, (the high official), would lay the matter before the President in its true light. He did and the appointment of the Congress- man's candidate immediately followed. The high official of the House knew the principle; even the new Congressman had not yet learned his strength. The action was in accordance with the well established custom that the selection of such a federal office holder was one of the official prero- gatives of the Congressman, and must be so recog- nized, notwithstanding the personal wishes of other high officials, when the issue was fully raised. The rules laid down for the office seeker should never be deviated from, no matter what the pro- vocation — ■no matter how great seems the necessity. Let him make them his political Bible. , He may not get an office by following these rules. He can't get an office unless he observes most of them. CHAPTER VI. How the Election of a Democratic President Has Given Southern Senators and Representatives Their Full Patronage Powers. It bas been the established custom, where a President is of one political faith and a Con- gressman of another that a federal oflace in the Congressman's district was taken in charge iby the Senator of the State, working through the county or Congressional committee of his tparty. Then again it frequently happens that the Senator of a State is of a different political complexion than the President. In such cases oflBces which ;by custom are the property of ithe Senator become the perquisite of a Con- gressman or a number of Congressman, accord- ing to the importance of the office to be filled. Under Republican administration federal offi- ces in the South have been disposed of by what is known as the "referee system." Where there was a Republican Congressman in the South they were given wider latitude than ac- corded a Northern Congressman. The inauguration of President Wilson will again bring fthe South into its own. The tSouthern Senator and Congressman of the Democratic faith has now assumed the full political potency that under many administra- tions has only been the fortune of a Republican, (35) 36 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. This means for four years at least tlie elimination of the negro as a political element in the South. During the administration of a Democratic President the office seeker South of Mason and Dixon's line will set about to secure a federal office in identically the same way as the office seeker in the North. The inauguration of a Democratic President means to the Southerner that the rules here- with given for successful office seeking apply as much to him as to any other applicant for a (place on Uncle Sam's payroll. CHAPTER VII. How the Election of a New Congressman or a Sen- ator Brings About Vacancies. We have considered at some lengtli the matter of federal offices filled by a change in the PRESI- DENCY. But the filling of places does not en- tirely depend on a change in President. Every two years a new Congress comes into existence. The appearance of a new face in tlie House of Representatives means other new faces in his com- mittee force and in federal offices and positions outside of the Capital. The number of these de- pends upon the political strength of the new Con- gressman. But his appearance in the House means private life for some of those who have been en- joying their pay from Uncle Sam. Political changes in Washington ♦in and about the Capitol (particularly are almost kaledioscopic in character now. Up to recent times there were few new faces, political lines having been cast pretty evenly. The election of a Democratic Congress two years ago carried to private life not only Re- publican Congressmen but hundreds of House and Capitol employees who had been on the rolls for many years. By reason of its short life the House of Repre- sentatives has ibecome accustomed to new faces among employees in committees and elsewhere. With the Senate it is different. Up to the time (37) 38 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. of the growth of the Progressive theory the United States Senate was, as has been aptly said, a mil- lionaires' club. The most of the Senators had entered the upper body after long service in the House. They were familiar with the parliamentary procedure of the Senate, which differs from that of any other organized body. For this reason they recognize the full value of an efficient employe to whom long service has given a veritable store- house of official knowleidge. The Senate up to the time stated disliked changes among the more important employees much in the same degree as Nature is said to abhor a vacuum. In those days about the only changes in the Senate force were clerks and messengers brought in by newly elected Senators. The old order of things in the Senate has passed Senatorial courtesy, once known, and once so potent in legislation, has almost disappeared. The Sen- ate of to-day in many respects is similar to the House of Representatives. For this reason there will be for years to come more changes in its employees than at any other time in its history. Younger men are getting into the Senate and they are not so dependent upon certain subordinates as were the older men. So here it is that the Capitol, also with its House of Represen'tatives, each body having hundreds of good (positions at their disposal, will ever be a fruitful field for the man who wishes to secure a little of the Washington atmosphere and will be satisfied with pay ranging from $900 as a messenger, to $1,500 to $2,000 as a clerk of a standing com- mittee or from the latter salary to upwards of OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 39 $5,000 a year for pleasing but exacting but not ex- tremely difficult work as one of the clerks of the organization of the House or Senate. When it is remembered that these .salaries are paid to many people who do not really work over six hours a day for five days a week and for only 12 weeks in the short session and approximately 28 weeks in the long session of Congress, it can be readily understood why there is such an over- whelming demand for positions at the Capitol. Of course in the closing days of a session one or both branches may hold long day and maybe night session, but including the long hours in addi- tion to the number of those stated, it can be said that the payment of a good year's salary to a man who has only 'to work at the duties a few months and the man so employed being permitted to engage in other pursuits when Congress is not in session, makes the good positions in House and Senate of unparalleled attractiveness. #^ SECTION TWO OFFICES BY PARTIAL FAVORITISM CONSULAR OFFICES. CHAPTER I. How This Class of Offices Has Been Partially Re- moved From the Control of the Spoilsman. Consuls and Consular officials present a list of offices that has a money value in isalaries of over $1,037,000. Previously filled wholly through the exercise of influence by members of Congress, these offices have been partially protected by the erection of a barrier in the form of examinations conducted under regulations drawn in accordance with provisions of executive order, which did not result in the elimination of Influence, but did aim to remove many of the objectionable features of incompetency and to elevate the personnel of the service. This test for the admission of persons into the service is conducted by a competent board com- posed of officials of the State department in con- junction with the chief examiner of the civil service commission, which holds sessions periodically for the purpose of acting upon those idesignated ifor examination by the President. With a view of impartially ascertaining the fit- (40) OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 41 ness and eligibility of the applicants and simplify- ing the work, it has been provided that the ex- aminations shall be the same for all grades, ir- respective of that for which the candidate may have been designated, and without regard to any particular office for which he may have been slated. The examinations are both written and oral and they count equally. The im^portance of this to the patronage seeker will -di'splay itself later. The object of the oral examination is to de- termine the candidate's business ability, in which his previous application will be given due weight, as well as to determine his alertness, genial contemporary, information, and natural fitness for tiie service.. Moral, mental and physical qualifications, character, address, and general contemporary information, and natural English, will be fully consideired. The written examination will include: French, German or Spanish, or at least one modern language other than English. Natural, industrial and commercial resources and the commerce of the United States, especially with reference to possibilities of increasing and extend- ing the foreign trade of the United States. Political economy. Elements of international, commercial and mari- time law. American history, government and institutions. Political and commercial geography^ Arithmetic, as used in commercial statistics, tariff calculations, exchange, accounts, etc. Modern history, since 1850, of Europe, Latin America and the Far East, with particular atten- 42 OFFICE SEP]KERS' BLUE BOOK. tion to political, commercial anid economic ten- dencies. Composition, grammar, punctuation, spelling and writing will be taken into consideration. The regulations require that vacancies in the oflBce of Consul-General and in the office of Consul above Class 8, shall be filled by promotion from the lower grades of the consular service, based upon ability and efficiency as shown in the service. Vacancies in the office of Consul of Class 8 and of Consul of Class 9, shall be filled as follows: (a) By promotion on the basis of ability and efficiency as shown in the service, of Consular assistants, and of Vice Consuls, Deputy Consuls. Consular agents, student interpreters and inter- preters in the Consular or diplomatic service, who shall have been appointed to such office upon ex- amination. (b) By new appointments of candidates who have passed a satisfactory examination. The requisites for examination for appointment are these: Must be 21 and not over 50 years of age. Must be a citizen of the United States. Must be of good habits and character. Must be physically and mentally qualified. Must be specially designated. These requirements must be fully met in filling out the comprehensive form for application for examination. As the statement is taken into con- sideration in connection with the examination it has been deemed advisable to give the questions just as they must be answered. They are as follows: Name in full. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 43 Present permanent postoffice address. Date and place of birth. Married or single. Immediate family, if any. Name of State of which you are a legal resi- dent and the length of legal residence therein. If a naturalized citizen, how and when was citizenship acquired. Describe your present physical condition and state where you have any physical defect or infirmity. Right reserved to require a medical examination. At what institution educated? State time spent in eacli and general course of study pursued. What is your knowledge of foreign languages? Were you ever in the public service of the U. S. military, naval or civil, municipal. State or national? Name offices and period of services in each. Did you resign voluntarily, or were you dis- charged from any of the positions you have held? State fully every kind of occupation you have followed, including when amd where you were employed; the addresses of the different em- ployers; the length of time employed by each; salary paid in each instance and the nature of the work performed; if an indepentdent busi- ness man, the nature of your business; wheth- er engaged in export trade; how long en- gaged in business; average annual profits. Name the competent and responsible per- sons who have vouched for you in writing. 44 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. In order that due weight may be given these recommendations, the persons who vouch for the applicant's qualification as set forth above should fully state the facts which enable them to do so. To become eligible for appointment, except as student interpreter, in a country where the United States exercises entra territorial jurisdiction, the applicant must pass the examination outlined above, but supplemented by questions to determine his knowledge of the fundamental principles of common law, the rules of evidence and the trial of civil and criminal cases. Student interpreters take the same course as other consular officers, but they must be between 19 and 26 inclusive, and unmarried, and must sign an agreement upon appointment that they shall continue in the service for five years, if they are wanted that long by the government. An average of at least 80 must be attained to iave the name certifieid to the Secretary of State. Names will be kept on the eligible roll for two years, unless 'the candidate has in the meantime been appointed or has withdrawn. At the end of that period names will be dropped and the candi- dates will not be eligible for appointment unless upon fresh application, designation and the suc- cessful passing of the second examination. CHAPTER II. Character of Questions Put to Candidates For Appointment, at Recent Examinations. An excellent idea of tlie difficulties to be over- come in entering the Consular Service can be gained by a close inspection of the questions sub- mitted at a recent examination. They form a general basis for study. The ex- aminations are aimed to ascertain the knowledge of the candidate upon the various subjects and nowhere in any of the examinations thus far beld has there been discovered the "catch questions" so often met with elsewhere. First in importance is placed American com- merce and resources, then commercial and political geography, laws, political economy, etc., in the order named. U. S. NATURAL, INDUSTRIAL AND COiVI- MERCIAL RESOURCES AND COIVIIVIERCE. I— (a) What is the rank of the United States in agriculture, mining, manufacture and merchant marine? (b) Give the three States which lead in the production of each of the following: Canned fish, canned vegetables, cotton seed products, silk man- ufacture. (45) 46 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 2^State some of the requirements for the de- velopment of a large foreign commerce. 3 — iWhat countries are our chief competitors for foreign trade? 4— (Name the principal articles of export from Honduras, Belgium, Germany, Russia and Japan, and in whose favor is the balance of trade. 5 — ^Discuss the wood-pulp making industry; give various classes of goods. POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY. 1 — Under what sovereignty are the following: Sicily, Celebes, New Caledonia, Angola, Ladrones, Calcutta, Veracruz, Tangier? 2 — Name four countries bordering on Austria- Hungary, (b) Name two seas bordering on Germany. 3 — Through what bodies of water would a ship pass going by the shortest route from New Orleans to St. Petersburg? 4 — What is the principal export of Brazil, Argen- tine Republic and China? (b) Name an export a ship would carry from Bombay, India, to Dover; England. 5 — What is the greatest copper-producing coun- try next to the United States? (b) Coal (c) Tin (d) Wheat? INTERNATIONAL, COMMERCIAL AND MARITIME LAW. 1 — Dintinguish between a defacto and a dejure government, (b) Between Public and Private In- ternational Law. OFFICE SEEKERS^ BLUE BOOK. 47^ 2 — ^What is meant by the Common baw of Nations? ; 3 — Define citizenship and domicile, (b) Discuss the nationality of married women. 4 — ^State the Rules of the Declaration of Paris. 5 — What is the Hague Tribunal and in what cases has it jurisdiction? 6 — Discuss the principles involveil in the Alabama Claims, (b) Define Allegiance, Treaty, Bottomry, Salvage, Foreign Bill of Exchange, Insurance. T^Briefiy discuss the liability of principal and agent. 8 — ^What courses of action are open to the local authorities if a person accused of crime seeks shelter in the hotel of a diplomatic agent? 9 — The United States having declared its neutral- ity in a given case, may an American citizen build» equip and sell a war vessel to either belligerent? , 10 — Presuming that you are an American Consul in a foreign country, what action would you take upon hearing that an American citizen had heen arrested ? AMERICAN HISTORY, GOVERNMENT AND INSTITUTIONS, 1 — ^How is the President of the United States chosen, ani what are the constitutional require- ments if or eligibility for the office? 2 — On what occasion does the Chief Justice o| the United States preside over the Senate? (b) How and for what terms are United States Senators chosen? (c) Who are citizens under the constitution |' 48 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. (d) What power is given to Congress by the so-called "elastic clause" of tbe constitution? 3 — Where, under the constitution, is the ipower lodged to (a) iDispose of public lands? (b) Originate bills of revenue? (c) Ratify treaties? (d) Make treaties? 4 — What is meant by (a) Western Reserve? tain the name of . citizen. (b) "Who is not at least twenty-one ye'^.rs of age; except those women who are eighteen years or over in the State's fixing their legal age at eighteen. (cX Who does not actually reside within M OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. the territory supplied, except where there is not a sufficient number of applicants; but no person not residing within the delivery of the office at the time of the examination shall be eligible for appointment so, long as the register contains the name of a person residing within the delivery. (d) Who would not personally conduct the office if appointed. (e) Who is physically or mentally dis- qualified for the position. (f) Who is addicted to the habitual use of intoxicating beverages to excess. (g) Who has been dismissed from the serv- ice of the government for delinquency or mis- conduct. (h) Who has been discharged from the military or naval service for desertion, (i) Who has been guilty of crime or in- famous or notoriously disgraceful conduct, (j) Who has intentionally made a false • statement as to any material fact or has practiced deceit or fraud in any manner in connection with his application or examination, (k) Who has within approximately one year passed the examination. An applicant must 'be vouched for by three per- sons who are citizens, at least 21, owners of real estate and patrons of the post office named in the application, and where application is made for appointment at a proposed postoffice the per- sons signing the vouchers must indicate that tLey live within the territory to be supplied and tl^at they intend to patronize the office. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 55 The signers of the vouchers must also show their occupatioms and the estimated value of real estate owned toy them. The applicant must furnish a map or sketch the location of the principal stores or business places of the village or town and the present lo- xjation of the postofRce (if any) ; he must also sihow the distance and direction from the present office, if he proposes a change in location, and ihe should state the estimated number of families who will patronize the office. Political and religious affiliations of applicai^ts, or political indorsements, will not be received or <;ontsidered, but it is 'declared that qualifications \and the good of the service ishall alone fgure in the appointment and the applicant who attempts to exercise political influence may have ihis appll- ication canceled. After an application has been reviewed the Com- mission may, in its discretion, require a statement of isuch number of taxpayers who are patrons of the office as it deems necessary in any particular •case, certifying that the applicant is suitable 'for appointment and that the place he desires to locate the office will be perfectly satisfactory to them. Each qualified person may sign such a statement for as many of the applicants as he helieves to be suitable. • No application shall be received by the Commis- sion until the examination is announced, at which time full information shall be furnished relative to the method of securing blanks and filing appli- «cations. CHAPTER II. How, When and Where Examinations Are to be Held and the Qualifications Demanded. Examinations shall be held only when eliglTDles are needed to fill existing or contemplated va- cancies; 'Shall be practical in character and so far as may be shall relate to those matters which will fairly test the relative capacity and fitness of the applicant; and be held at the most convenient point in each county, and be conductedi by the local examining boards, except where no such body is located, in which case a postmaster or other government official may be called to act as examiner. Two grades of examinations are provided as follows: (1) For offices in w'hich the compensation amounts to $500 or more. (2) For offices in which the compensation amounts to less than $500, Under the first grade the examination shall be of an educational oharacter, consideration being also given to the facilities to be furnished by the applicant to transact postal businesis. Under the second grade the examinations shall be of a more simple character than required for the first grade, the relative standing of those eligible ratings to be determined by an investiga- tion of a postoffice inspector and based upon the (56) OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 57 suitability of the eligi'bles with regard to facilities to be provided for transacting postal business. A report 'setting forth the relative standing and the basis upon which the determination is made shall be filed; with the papers of the eligibles. The rating of papers shall be made in the office of the Commi'ssion and a report thereon be mailed each comipetitor as soon as possible. An average percentage of at least 70 shall be required for eligibility except in the case of vet- erans who have been honorably discharged for injuries or sickness incurred in the naval or military service. For such the average .shall be only 65 and their names shall be placed at the head of the register below the names of other veterans, if such there be. The period of eligibility shall be one year from the date of entering the name on the register, unless in the meantime it is removed either by certification or for some other cause. The eligibility of no person shall be extended for a longer time, without re-examination, unless it appears that the interest of the service demands extension of the entire register. Certification shall be made from a register as it exists on the day that the necessity for the certi- fication arises; certification shall be 'made without regard to the sex unless sex is specified in the requisition, and the person's name that stands at the head of the register shall be selected for the first appointment, the next highest for the next, etc. When a vacancy occurs at a post office the sureties of the former postmaster shall be responsi- ble for the proper performance of the duties of 58 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. the office until the vacancy is filled in accordance with the regulations. Whien the compensation at an office less than $500 becomes more than that amount and the post- master becomes subject to examination, ^ the in- cumbent sihall be given all the rights and privi- leges resulting from that examination. An important exception to the form of examina- tion for the second grade of offices is made in the States of New York, Massachusetts. Ohio and Illinois, with a view of testing the practicability of the two methods for that grade. In those States where a vacancy has occurred a postoffice inspector shall visit the community and select for recommendation from among the persons making applications a name for appoint- ment. This report, which must t)e in duplicate, must include the names of all applicants upon simple forms, and when the Post Office Depart- ment has approved the report the action with the papers shall be transmitted to the Civil Service Commission. The Post Office Department is given discretion to remove and appoint, by permission to direct an inspector to make a selection in cases where no vacancy exists but in which one is thought likely to occur. "Regard to the suitability of the applicant and his ability to provide proper facilities for transact- ing the postal business" shall be the basis for selection of these postmasters whose compensa- tion amounts to less than $500, and whose offices are located in the four States specified. A provision of the deepest significance is the OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 59 regulaton applying to the three classes of examina- tions covering the postmasters now under Civil service. It permits the filing of evidence show- ing the unsuita'bleness of an applicant or an eligible for appointment. Whenever patrons of an office who are property taxpayers submit to the Commission and the Post Office Department in duplicate such charges in the form of a sworn statement, over their signa- tures, and giving specific reasons, the Co^mmis- sion is empowered to investigate and if the charges are sustained it 'Shall cancel the applica- tion, or strike the name from the eligible roll, as tlie case may be. The receipt of the statement is an autTiorization to the Post Office Department to hold up the ap- pointment until the inquiry is made. The regulations governing the appointment of postmasters of the Fourth Class, as given by the Civil Service Commission, and as approved Novem- ber 25, 1912, are as follows: All positions of postmaster of the Fourth Class, except in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, Porto Rico and Samoa, having been by the Executive Order of Oc- tober 15, 1912, placed in the competitive classified service and made subject to the Civil service laws and rules, the following regulations shall govern appointments to such positions: 1, Appointments to offices having an annual compensation of as much as $500 shall be made in the same manner as provided by the Civil service law and rules for other positions in the competi- tive Classified service, except as may hereinafter be provided. €0 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK/ 2. Appointment to offices having an annual com- pensation of less than $500 shall be made in the following manner: When a vacancy has occurred or is about to occur in any such office, the Post- master General shall direct a post office inspector to visit the locality and make selection and recom* mendation for appointment from among the per- sons filing applicatio^ns, such selection and recom- mendation to be based* solely upon the suitability to provide proper facilities for transacting the business of the office. The inspector shall make his report in duplicate and accompany each duplicate with a list of all applicants. Such re- port shall include a statement of the qualifications of each applicant and of the reasons for the selec- tion and recommendation. The Post Office De- partment shall transmit to the Civil Service Com- mission one copy of such report showing its action thereon. 3. Whenever 'persons who are property tax- payers and patrons of a post office having an an- nual compensation of less than $500 submit to the Civil Service Commission and to the Post Office Department sworn statements in duplilate, over their own signatures, that an applicant, an eligible, or an appointee is unsuitable for office, giving specific reasons therefor, the commission may in- vestigate the matter; and if upon the evidence it is shown to the satisfaction of the commission that, in the case of an applicant or an eligible, he is unsuitable for appointment, he shall not be further considered for appointment; and if in like matter, it is shown to the satisfaction of the commission that an a-ppointee is unsuitable for OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 61 office, he shall be removed after due procedure re- quired by law; and the Post Office Department shall, upon receipt of such sworn statements from patrons, suspend appointment in the case of an applicant or eligible to which such sworn state- ments may relate until said investigation is made by the Civil Service Commission ani reported. 4. In all cases selection for appointment shall be 'made with sole reference to merit and fitness and without regard to political or religious con- siderations. No inquiry shall be made as to the political or religious affiliations of any applicant or eligible, and in conformity with section 10 of the Civil service act no recommendation in any way based thereon shall be received or considered by any officer concerned in making selections or appointments^ The attention of the writer of any such recommendation shall be invited to the pur- port of this order and attention hereto shall be similarly directed in connection with any verbal recommendation. Where it is found that there has been a violation of these provisions by any officer concerned in making selections or appointments, such fact shall be cause for the immediate re- m.oval of such officer from the service, and the Civil Service Commission shall make prompt report of any such case for appropriate action to the Postmaster General or, as to presidential ap- pointee to the President. The appointment of the Fourth Class postmaster concerned, if effected, shall be canceled. Persons employed as post- masters, of the Pour Class, while retaining the right to vote as they please and to express their opinions privately on all political subjects, shall 62 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. take no active part in political .maniagement or m political campaigns. Any such postmaster taking such part shall be removed from the service or otherwise 'disciplined, recommendation as to the penalty to be imposed in each case to be made by the Civil Service Commission. This section shall apply to all offices of the Fourth Class of whatever compensation. 5. A postmaster of the Fourth Class having an annual compensation of less than $500 shall not be eligible to transfer to any other position in the competitive Classified service. A postmaster of the Fourth Class having an annual compensation of as much as $500 may, in accordance with law and the Civil service rules, be transferred to a posi- tion of rural carrier at the same post office after having passed the examination prescribed for original appointment as rural carrier or its equivai lent; and he may be transferred under like restric- tions to any other position in the competitive Classified service after having served three years in S'Uoh service. 6. When the annual compensation of an office is ixicreased to as much as $500 the incumbent of such office shall be given all the rights and privileges of persons appointed) to offices with an- nual compensation of as much as $500. SECTION THREE OFFICES BY THE MERIT SYSTEM THE CLASSIFIED SERVICE CHAPTER The President, the Alpha and Omega of the Civil Service Regulations, and Why. The President of tlie United States is in reality the Civil Service system. There are rules that are laid down but he can destroy them if he wishes. He should possibly not be held responsible for the frequent violations. But the head of this na- tion could, if he willed, make the system exactly what its adherents desired — an absolute merit sys- tem. The regulations are exactly what are eligible for appointment at a grade of 65, while all others are obi ged to obtain a grade of 70, and are certified to appointing officers before all others. Subject to the other conditions of the rules, a veteran of the iRebellion.or of the war with Spain, or the widow of any such person, or any army nurse of either war, may be reinstated without re- gard to the length of t-me he or she has been separated from the serv ce. Further advantage is given in the matter of a re- duction of force. The law requires that in such cases "there must be retained those veterans who may be equally qualified; or widows or orphans of the deceased." The applications for examinations under this favored class should state sufficient of the military or naval record to comply With the three require- ments, honorable discharge, and for injuries or sicliness received in the service. The Commission will attend to the rest. The line between classified and unclassified laborers is very clear.. Laborers who will be required to read and write or to ex- ercise skill not possessed by an ordinary day la- borer, must not be appointed without examination under the rules. The salaries for such positions range from $720 to $4,000. They are located in the various depart- ments and in many cases have much responsibility of a pleasing character attached. Washington workers, of high or low degree, have OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 69 short hours with observance of all holidays of the outside world and many others. The work-day is from 9:30 a. m. to 4:30 p. m., w^th half an ihour for lunch. They also have Saturday half-holidays during the summer, thirty days annual leave at full pay, permitted full cbservancs of all holidays, and in oase of actual illness are allowed not to exceed thirty days with pay— each year — but the latter absence stands to the disadvantage of the clerk in figuring up promotions. Age is no barrier, once inside the fold, if a slight degree cf efficiency remains, and there is no powerful influence demanding a vacancy. The Census bureau, figuring accurately on the compensation of 185,000 employes, gives this result: Males (Females Less than $720 28,812 6,519 Between that and $840 20,331 1,491 Between that and $900 10,299 242 •Between that and $1,000 42,486 1,304 Between that and $1,200 32,696 l,i31 Between that and $1,400 16,814 1,457 Between that and $1,600 .... 8,760 * 486 Between that and $1,800 3,186 152 Between that and $2,000 2,911 35 Between that and $2,500 2,305 9 $2,500 and over 1,872 2 Those persons seeking to be examined must file application blanks. Blanks for the Departmental service at Wash'ngton, Railway Mail service, In- dian School service, and for the service in the Philippines, Porto Rico and Hawaii should be re- quested directly of the Civil Service Commission. Blanks for Customs, Postal and Internal Revenue services should 'be requested of the Civil Service TO OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. l)oard of examiners at the oflEice where service in sought. It is essential to dispatch and accuracy to always make the request direct; never to neglect to clearly specify what examination it is that is desired; to see that the proper postoffice address is given; to be sure that the signature is attached and that all communications have sufficient postage. It is not necessary to enclose stamp for reply. At first thought these suggestions appear trivial, but when it is known that they are prompeted by years of experience of the Commission in dealing by correspondence with 50,000 or more applicants annually and that thousands of communications bearing upon the subject are delayed or lost through the carelessness of the sender, their importance can be easily recognized. As a first aid, it should he understood just what is meant by ill health, character and disqualifica- tions in examinations. While the Commission is given a wide discretion in the rejection of appli- cations on these grounds the following defects will absolutely debar persons from an examination: Insanity, tuberculosis, paralysis, epilepsy, blind- ness, total deafness, loss of speech, loss of an arm or leg, badly crippled hand, foot, arm or leg, heart disease, locomotor ataxia, cancer, Bright's disease and diabetes. No person is eligible to an examination: Who is not a citizen of the United States. Who is on the date of examination below the minimum or more than one year over the maximum age limitation prescribed for the ex- amination for which he applies. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 71 Who is addicted to the habitual use of in- toxicating 'beverages to excess. Who has within approximately one year passed an examination for the same or similar position covered by the examination. Who is enlisted in the United States army or navy and has not secured permission from the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy. Who has been dismissed from the public ser- vice for delinquency or misconduct within one year preceding the date of application. Who has failed after probation to receive appointment to the position for which he again applies within one year from the date of the ex- piration of his probationary service. Who has made a false statement in his appli- cation, or has been guilty of fraud or deceit in any manner in connection with his application or examination. Who has been guilty of crime or infamous or notoriously disgraceful conduct. ^ Who has been discharged from the military ot naval service for desertion. CHAPTER III. The Rigid Regulations Governing the Examination For Admittance Into the Classified Service. The 'basic test is the Clerks' Examination. The Instructions to coimpetitors and the list of questions recently given at an exam'nation, and never be- fore permitted to become public, are therewith re- produced as illustrative of exactly the scope of in- formation, one must have to get their names on the eligible rolls, if the position is not one requir- ing technical knowledge, such as bookkeeping, en- gineering, farming, etc. In such cases, examina- tion upon those subjects is demanded. The rigid regulations governing the examinations are considered a test in themselves. The instruc- tions to competitors are as follows: Five consecutive hours are allowed for this ex- amination, which comprises this preliminary sheet, 4 numbered siheets, and the "Last Sheet" or sheet of Personal Questions Time consumed in filling Personal Questions will not be considered. Be certain that all the sheets are issued to you. Do not write on this sheet, except to note the in- formation required In the above blanks, or soil it in any way. At the close of the examination It should be given to the examiner. 1. Your examination number will he found on (72) OFFICE SEEKE1<;J' BLUE BOOK. 7S the upper right.liand corner of the declaration sheet which will be given you. Write this number in its appropriate place on this sheet for use on each sheet of the examination. 2. See that each sheet received by you per tains to the kind of examination which you are taking, and take care that you do not omit any of the sheets. Competitors are held responsible for errors and ommissions. 3. Note in the proper blank spaces the name of the examination, tlie place and date of the examin- ation, the examination number, and the time of commencing and completing each examination sheet. 4_ You are not limited in time on any sheet, but you should gauge your work so as to complete the examination within the prescribed limit of time. Tim^e is reckoned from the moment of re- ceiving the first examination sheet. No allowance will be made for time lost in or out of the ex- amination room. 5. Do not leave the room, if possible to avoid it. with a sheet before you unfinished, for if you do the sheet will be taken up and will not be re- turned to you. A competitor in an examination of five hours or less is not allowed to leave the room until he has finished his examination, except in case of extreme necessity. No competitor shall leave the room at any time without the permis- sion of the examiner. 6. 'Read carefully the printed instructions on each sheet before commencing work thereon. 7. If necessary, the back of a sheet may be used to complete your work, unless directions to the contrary are printed on the sheet. 74 OFFICE SEEKERS ' BLUE BOOK. 8. An examination sheet spoiled hj you cannot be exchanged for another of the same kind. 9. Perform all work on each examination sheet with ink. 10. Pencil and scratch paper may he used in preliminary work, except in the spelling exercises, which must be written with ink directly on the examination sheet from the dictation of the ex- aminer. 11. Use no scratch paper except that furnished by the examiner in charge and, on completing an examination sheet, hand him the scratch paper pertaining to that sheet. Have all your work com- plete on the examination sheet, 'however, as the scratch paper is collected, not for consideration in the marking, but for destruction. 12. No helps of any kind are allowed. Before the examination is commenced, hand to the ex- aminer any written or printed matter that you may have which might, if used, aid you in your work. Do not make a copy of any of the questions to be taken from the examination room. 13. All conversation or communication between the competitors during the examination is strictly prohibited. 14. CAUTION— Every competitor Is cautioned not to attempt to copy from the work of any other competitor nor to permit any competitor to copy from his work op look over the sheets in his pos- sessiion All work, as soon as written, should be carefully covered with a blotter or turned over as the sheets are completed. Evidences of copying or collusion in an examination may result in the can- cellation of the examination papers and in debarring those guilty from all future examinations. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 75 15. All necessary explanations will be made to the whole class. Examiners are forbidden to ex_ plain the meaning of any question or to make any remarks or suggestions that may assist in its so- lution. 16. No unnecessary delay will occur in marking your papers, and you will be notified of your stand- ing, wthether you pass or fail, as soon as your papers are marked. You are requested not to in- crease the labors of the Commission by making inquiries in regard to your standing. 17. In rating the element of time a credit of 70 will be given if the examination is completed in the maximum of 5 hours allowed. !For each interval of 5 minutes less than the maximum time a credit of 1 in addition to 70 will be given. For completing the examiaiation in 2i^ hours or less the maximum rating of 100 will be given^ No credit will be given for time unless the average percentage on the remaining subjects is at least 70. a CHAPTER IV. The Basic Test For Admission to tiie Service is the "Clerks' Examination." The form of examinat-ons has been at. timrs sharply critioized. There is an 'ini'pression that the Commission has gone somewhat far afield in preparing educational tests for admission to the end that they tended to (xcluda deserv'ng persons from the service by demanding a rigid high school or colleg.ate qualifications in one whose duties would require knowledge much less technical. This has been the general compla'nt of a class of people outside of the class of spoilsmen but not entirely disinterested from the political viewpoint. Be that as it may, the general scholastic sub- jects of ma^y examinat'ons, such as spelling, arith- metic, letter- writing and copy ng, are cf three grades or degrees of dfficulty, known as First, Sec- ond and Third s-r"de?^ — the First being the most difficult aTid the Third grade the least d fficult The subjec'-s are gven relative weights accord- ing to their importance, in each examination. These weights represent the value of each subject in the whole examination. First Grade subj^'cts — Spelling: Twenty words of more than average difficulty. Arithmetic: Fundamental rules, fractions, per- (76) OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 77 centage, interest, discount, analysis and statement of simple accounts. Penmanship: : Marked on legibility, rapidity, neatness and general appearance. LeLter-wrxting: Test in tha use of tlie English language for business •correpondence. Copying from Rough Draft: Test in copying from draft of manuscript, with interlineations, erasures, misspelled words, errors in syntax, etc., of which a smooth, corrected copy is to be made. Second Grade — Spelling: Twenty words of average difficulty in common use. Arithmetic: Embraces addition, subtraction, mul- tiplication and division of whole numbers and com- mon and decimal fractions. Letter-writing and Penmanship, as in First Grade. Copying from (Plain Copy: An exact copy of a few printed lines, in candidates handwriting. Third Grade — Spelling: Twenty simple words in ordinary use- Arithmetic: Embraces addition, subtraction, mul- tiplication and division of whole numbers and of United States money. •Letter-writing and Penmanship, as in First Grade; Copying, as in Second Grade. SAMPLE QUESTIONS. First Subject — Spelling. D-ctated by the examiner; words written in the proper b!ank spaces; must be commenced with capital letters. The examiner pronounces each v\^ord and gives the d finition, but the competitor is only required to write the word pronounced. 78 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK Cylinder — A long, round body. iPromisEory — Containing a promise, (Essential — ^Necessary or ind-spensable. Discernible — Apparent or visible. Opportunity — ^A fit or convenient time. Deceitful — False or tricky. Deference — ^Respect or regard. Insertion — ^^The act of placing in. iFacilitate — To facilitate business- Schenectady— A city of the United 'States. Adjacent — Lying near or bordering on_ Souvenir — ^A token of remembrance. Conceding — Yielding or giving up a point. (Lineage—Line of descent or ancestry, as of T-oyal lineage. Deleterious — Harmful or injurious, as deleterious to health. Horizontal — On a level. Patrimony — ^An estate inherited from one's father. Certificate — ^A written testimony, as a marriage certificate. Reservoir — ^A place of storage, as, a water reser- voir. Privilege — ^A right, as the privilege of voting. Second Subject — Arithmetic. N. B. — In solving problems the processes should be not merely Indicated, but ALL THE FIGURES necessary in solving each problem should be GIVEN IN FULL on this sheet- The answer to each prob- lem should be indicated by writing "Ans." after it. If more space is required use back of this sheet, numberting work to correspond with number of question. Question 1. Add the following numbers across. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 79 placing the totals in the spaces provided, and find the grand total: Totals. $98,765 I $8,642 I $975 | $ 7,327 J 8,631 | 6,622 | 86,429 I 3,326 | 735 | 3,172 I 79,107 I 46,353 | 43,538 I 6,355 | 45,974 | 19,828 I 8,562 | 8,754 | " 469 i 260 1 185 I 34,489 I 8,235 I 35,625 | i)3,156 j 775 I 82,2i80 | 7,876 I 6,534 | 36,857 | 6,890 I 47,379 | 618 | 90,264 I 9,257 \ 4,268 | Grand total | $ Question 3_ It is desired to complete a certain T^ork in 51 days. If 60 men complete 2-5 of the work in 24 days, how many additional men must be employed to complete the rest of the work in the remaining 27 days? Question 4. The taxable property in a certain town amounts to $2,250',000.. Ten per cent of the taxes can not be collected and the cost of collect- ing is 2% of the amount collected. What per cent must be levied so that $3,969 net may be realized from the taxation? Question 5. During the month of February, 1904, Jones & Co. had the following transactions with John iMott: Feb. 1, they owed Mott on account $419.76. Feb. 2, they gave him their note due in 6 mo- for $800, receiving credit for its face value less a discount of $24. Feb. 4, he sold them 2,648 lb. pork at 12 1/^ ct. per pound. Feb. 5, they bought 80 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. of him 216 bu. wheat at 97 1^ ct. per bushel. Feb. 12, he sold them 65,850 tricks at 80 ct. per hun- dred. !Feb. 16, they transferred to him by indorse- ment a note given them by John Dun, face of note $?,800; accrued interest to date, $84. Feb. 23, he bought of them 5,450 lb. pork at l'2i/^ ct. per pound, agreeing to pay freight also at 8 ct. per 100 lb., the freight to be prepaid by Jones & Co^ Make in the form below an itemized statement of the above account as it should appear taken from the books of Mott; make a proper heading; close the account; and bring down the balance as it should 'have appeared Mar. 1, 1904. Third Subject — Penmanship. N. B. — ^^The mark on penmanship will be deter- mined by legibility, rapidity, neatness, and general appearance, and by correctness and uniformity in the formation of words, letters, and punctuation marks in the exercise on this sheet. Fourth Subject-^Letter-Writing. Write in the space below a letter of not less than 150 words, giving your opinion and your reas- ons therefor, on one (and cnly one) of the follow- ing subjects: 1. Whether a government may be justified in the payment of a ransom for persons captured for the purpo~e of extorting such payment. 2. Whether the higher education of women tends to destroy their desire for home life. TO THE COMPETITOR.— The letter must be dated at the place where the examination is held, and be addressed to the "United States Civil Ser- vice Commission, Washington." The competitor must avoid allus'on to ' his polit'cal or religious Opinions or affiliations. The examination number. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 81 and not the name of the competitor, must be used for a signature to the letter. This exercise is designed chiefly to test the com- petitor's skJl in simple English composition. In marking Hhe letter, its errors in form and address, in spelling, capitalization, punctuation, syntax, and style, and its adherence to th3 subject, will be considered. One of the valuable publications issued by the Commission for the benefit of those desiring to en- ter the Classified Service is a "Manual of Examina- tions." It is for free distribution and has been pre- pared with especial reference to furnishing all the information bearing upon the subject. It is revised semi-annually to January 1 and July 1. The former contains among other things the schedule of Spring examinations and that for July those to be held in the Fall. It presents a minute explanation of all details essential to those desiring admission to the Class fied Service in the regular way, no matter what the character of the position sought, lit should be made a part of this treatise on how to get employment under Uncle Sam. J^ CHAPTER V. The Law as Interpreted by the Courts in Certain Actions Gives No Property Rights in Office. What the Classified Service is, and the steps necessary to become enrolled on the Eligible List, -has been set forth accurately and at great detail. Unless an applicant be given temporary em- ployment of a month or two, which the law per- mits, the only regular way of securing a position inside of the Classified Service is by the competi' tive examination method. The great violations of the Civil service law come after the applicant is placed upon the rolls for selection. The opportunities for the practice of favoritism are greater where one takes the ex- aminations "understandingly." At stated intervals examinations are held in various portions of the United States, in Federal buildings under Civil service authority and super- vision. A certain grade 'must be reached before one can even get upon the EligiTjle List. This list is one used from which selections are made. It is in the hands of the Civil Service Com- mission. When a bureau chief at Washington, for in- stance, -desires to fill a vacancy in the Classified Service, or fill a position newly created by Congress in the same service, he calls upon the Civil Serv- (82) OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 83 Ice Cammission to supply his need. The com- mission selects three names on the Eligible List standing highest, under the qualifications re- quired in the position to be filled. The bureau chief can select any one he prefers. He can reject the entire list and call for three more names from which to make a selection. It is in this method of selection, and in the requirements demanded by the bureau chief, that makes evasions of the civil service law possible. Evasions of the civil service law, with a view of pushing favorites into the Classified Service, and advancing them contrary to the principle of merit upon which the Classified Service is found- ed, can be better understood when it is remembered that distribution of Federal patronage is considered necessary by Congressmen and Senators for their political existence. The only evasion of the law that cannot be ac- complished with direct certainty is the immediate selection by a Congressman or Senator of the one he has chosen to fill a certain position in the Classified Service. This placing of a favorite requires some manipu- latton, depending largely upon the importance of the position. A civil service enthusiast looks upon these evasions as violations of law. The Senators and Congressmen and bureau chiefs as a rule are practical politicians. They consider the Civil Service Commission somewhat in the light of an ofiicial hindrance to good government, as they view it. Openly, public officials praise the merit system 84: OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. but in practice they admire it only so far as it keeps away undesirables and permits the placing of these chosen by official linfluence for a place. There is a continual conflict between the Civil Service Commission and Congress over the filling of positions in the Classified Service. The more determined a merit man on the Civil Service board, the more difficult it is for the violation of the regulations; and contrawise, the more lenient the Civil Service Commission is in its interpretations of the regulations the easier it is for evasions to be practiced successfully. Even Cabinet officers have been known to vio- late well-defined regulations. This is because the courts have repeatedly held that there is no property right in such a position. Just as a Preident can call for the resignation of an officer whom he has appointed, so can a bureau chief declare a place in the Classified Service under his jurisdiction vacant if he complies with the practice provided in such cases, which demands serving of notices, etc. The decision of the Supreme Court in the case or Morgan vs. Dunn, referred to elsewhere, estab- lished the legal right of removal from office. Ther& have been repeated decisions since by the Attorney General and by the Civil Service Commission itself. This is the milk in the Civil Service cocoanut: "No law or rule requires an appointing officer to appoint or retain in the service a person who is lacking in the character and fitness that the service requires." — Civil Service Commission. "The power of removal is absolutely in the OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 85 discretion of a head of a department, with the exception of a restriction against such removal because of failure to perform political •services or pay assessments. No notices are required as a condition precedent to the ex- ercise but the case shall be stated in writing and filed." — Civil Service Commission. "He (the appointing oflBcer) is the sole judge of the qualification of his subordinates, and the question whether such cause exists as re- quires removal for the efficiency of the service is for him to determine. The Commission has no power to review his findings in this respect •save to see that the procedure required by the rule lis carried out, that removals are not made for political or religious reasons, and that like penalties are imposed for like offenses." — Civil Service Commission. The right to promote can properly be considered but an incident of the power to appoint and re- move. The same absolute power must exist to decide upon qualifications for advancement, as to determine the qualifications necessary for ap- pointment or removal. The term "efficiency of the service" may cover a multitude of spoils ideas, and to correctly para- phrase the Commission, language, it "has no power to review" the finding^ 1 Frankly stated, the only hope for "a square deal" by the government clerk in the Classified Service is almost entirely dependent upon the justness of his superior; in case, his position is assailed by Congressional power. The fact that thousands 86 OFFICE SEEKERS^ BLUE BOOK. of persons have held their positions for a decade or more affects this only in demonstrating that the superior officer was just or that the attack- ing influence lacked the requisite power. President Roosevelt's Attorney General held: "An appointee's fitness, capacity and atten- tion to his duties are questions of discretion and judgment, to be determined by the su- perior officers, and such questions are beyond the jurisdiction of any court." Preident Roosevelt's Attorney General held: — ^Attorney General Bonoparte, September, 1907. sr CHAPTER VI. One Method For Defeating the Civil Service Regu- lations That Works to Perfection. It is little wonder that with the courts deciding that there is no property right in Federal offices, and many men in Congress striving to break down certaiin of the Civil service barriers, that subordi- nate officials in the service both in Washington and outside of the National Capital, yield to certain blandishments of political influence that placed them in office and from time to time are able to successfully outwit the vigilance of the Civil Service Commission. There are many ways in which the regulations are temporarily evaded. Favored ones outside of the service are placed upon temporary rolls. Some times an order is secured covering them into the Civil service. Often other methods have to be resorted to. One of the most successful methods for securing a good position for one whose name is enrolled on the eligible list is through the "special qualifica- tion" provision of the Civil service examinations. Almost overy applicant for an examination is asked to note any special qualification he or she may have at the time of taking the examinations. The wise candidate fills out this -provision with (87) 88 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. scrupulous regard to noting what he is capable of doing, or what special knowledge he possesses aside from the requirements of the examination that he is taking. For instance, one taking what is known as the "clerk's examination" might be able to record that he could write French, or German, or Spanish, or some other language; that he understood telegraphy; that he was a stenographer or expert typewriter; that he understood bookkeeping, or bookbinding, or was an engrosser, or had a knowl- edge of botany, or had any one or more of a number of special accomplishments. These qualifications become a matter of recora in a card index system maintained by the Civil Service Commission. Maybe the individual having one or more of them was far down on the eligible list and under ordi- nary procedure might not be called to a position for a year, or maybe longer. But the "special qualification" has laid the groundwork for evasion of the Civil service regula- tions, although under the guise of a strict observ- ance of them. To illustrate: Suppose that James Smoothboy has taken the clerk's examination and passed. One of his special qualifications was that of being an expert draughtsman. He stands far down on the list. Soon comes a. call from a bureau chief for a clerk who is an expert draughtsman. The chance.«? are that James Smoothboy is one of the three names sent by the Civil Service Commission to the bureau chief, according to regulations, from which to onake his selection. If James has undeiv OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 8^ stood his lessons well he will record a special qualification that is not an ordinary one, thus de- creasing the possibility of sharp competition. Under the regulations the bureau chief is per- mitted to reject the first three names and call for a second list, in case he is not satisfied. If you have followed this closely you will have observed that if the competitor at a Civil service examination takes full advantage of the possibility given him by the Commission, and lays the proper basis he can then get busy after his name is placed on the eligible list and by securing Uie proper influence he may in reasonably short time be drawing a goodly stipend from Uncle Sam. This method of evading the Civil service regu- lations is looked upon as very satisfactory and liighly respectable for it seemingly conforms strictly ta all the regulations. sr PATRONAGE SECTION OFFICES AT DISPOSAL OF THE PRESIDENT. STATE DEPARTMENT. Secretary of State, $12,000. First Assistant Secretary, $5,000. Second Assistant Secretary, $5,000. Third Assistant Secretary, $5,000. Assistant Solicitors, two, $3,000 each. Dispatch Agents, New York and London, $2,000 each. U. S. and IVIexican Water Boundary Commissioner, $3,000; consulting engineer, $3,600. U. S. Court for China, Judge, $8,000, district at- torney, $4,000; clerk, $3,000; marshal, $3,000. DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. Ambassadors, $17,500 each:— Vienna, Rio de Jandjiro, Paris, Berlin, St. Peters- burg, London, Rome, Tokio, City of Meixco, Con- stantinople. Envoys Extraordinary, Etc: — At $12,000 each:— The Hague, Luxembourg; Netherlands, Buenos Ayres, Brussels, Madrid, Pekin, Havana. At $10,000 each:— Copenhagen, Santo Domingo, (Also Con. Gen).; Quito, Ecuador, Athens, Greece, Guatemala, Port au Prince, Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Athens, Montene- gro; Tangier, Morocco; La Paz, Bolivia; Caracas, (90) OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 91 Venezuela; Monte Vildeo, Uruaguay; Stockholm, Berne, Switzerland; Bankkok, Siam; Bucharest, Bulgaria; (Also Dip. Agt.); Bogota, Columbia; San Jose, Costa Rica; Managua, Nicarague; Chris^ tina, Norway; Panama, Monte Video,> Paraguay; Lima, Peru; Bucharest, Roumania; Bucharest, Servia; Teheran, Persia; Lisbon, Portugal; San Salvador. At $5,000: — Monrov^ia, Llbeiphis, Tenn., $5,000; surveyor, Nashville, Tenn., $5,000; collector, Brownsville, Tex., $2,500; collector, Corpus Christi, Tex., $2,500; collector, Eagle Pass., Tex., $2,500; cellector. El Paso, T Grand Haven, Mich., $2,000; local inspector of boilers. Grand Haven, Mich., $2,000. Ninth District — Supervising inspector, Cleveland, Ohio, $3,000; local inspector of hulls, Cleveland, Ohio, $2,000; local inspector of boilers, Cleveland, Ohio, $2,000 local inspector of hullis, Buffalo, N. Y., $2,250; local inspector of boilers, Buffalo, N. Y., $2,250. Tenth District — Supervising inspector, New Or- leans, La., $3,000 local inspector of hulls. New Orleans, La., $2,250; local inspector of boilers. New Orleans, La., $2,250. Bureau of Fisheries — Commissioner, $5,000; deputy commissioner, $3,000; chief clerk, $2,400; assistant in charge $2,700; assistant in charge, $2,700; assistant in charge, $2,500; accountant, $2,100; archltest and engineer, $2,200; scientific assistant, $2,500; agent, salmon fisheries, Alaska, $2,500; assistant agent, salmon fisheries, Alaska, $2,000. Bureau of Navigation — Comm'ssioner $4,000; deputy commissioner, $2,400; chief clerk, $2,000; shiping commissioner. New York, N. Y., $5,000; shipping commissioner, San Francisco ,Cal., $4,000; shipping commissioner, Philadelphia, Pa., $2,900; shipping commissioner. Port Townsend, Wash., $2750; shipping commis- sioner, Honolulu, Hawaii, $2,500; shipping commis- sioner, New Orleans, La., $2,500; shipping commis- sioner, Boston, Mass., $2,500; shipping cimmlsslon- er, Baltimore, Md., $2,500; shipping commissioner, Bath, Me., $2,500; shipping commissioner Portland, Me., $2 500; shipping commissioner, Pascagoula, Miss., $2,000; shipping commissioner, Norfolk, Va., $2,000; shipping commissioner, Belfast, Me., $2,000; shipping commissioner, Newport, News, Va., $2,000; shipping commissioner, Providence, R. I., $2,000; shipping commissioner, Castine, Me., $2,000; ship- ping commssioner, New Bedford, Mass , $2,000; OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 135 shfppincf Gommlssionep, Gloucester, Mass., $2,000; chipping commissioner, Pensacola, Fla., $2,000; hipping commissoiner, Rockland, Me., $2,000. Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization — Commissioner-general, $5,000; assistant commis- sioner-general, $3,000; chief of division, $3,500; chief of division, $3,500; assistant chief of divi- sion, $2,500; assistant chief of division, $2,500; special immigrant inspector, $2,500; special im- migrant inspector, $2,500; statistician and steno- grapher, $2,000; immigrant inspector, $2,000; Chi- nese inspector, p. d.^ $6. Immigration Service at Larger Commtssionep Baltimore, Md., $4,000; immigrant inspector, Baltimore, Md., $2,500;; immigrant in- spector, Blaine, Wash., $2,000; commissioner, Bos- ton, Mass., $4,000; immigrant inspector, Boston, Mass., $2,500; immigrant inspector, Boston, $2,000; Chinese inspector, Boston Mass., $2,000; Chinese inpector, Buffalo, N. Y., p. d. $5; chief Immigrant inpector Chicago, III., p. d-, $685; Chinese inspector, Chicago, III., p. d. $6; immigrant inspector, Cleveland, Ohio, p^ d. $6; (immigrant in- spector, Denver, Colo., p. d. $6; immigrant inspector, Detroit, Mich, $2,000; Chinese inspector, Detroit, Mich., p. d. $6; commisisioner, Ellis Island, N. Y., $6,500; assistant commissioner, Ellis Island, N. Y., $4,500; chief clerk, Ellis Island, N. Y., $2,400; civil engineer, Ellis Island, N, Y., $2,000; immi- grant inspector, Ellis Island, N.Y., $2,000; superin- tendent, Ellis Island, N. Y., p. d. $8; immigrant in- spector, Ellis Island, N. Y., ten, $2,000 each; immi- grant inspector, Ellis Island, N. Y., p. d.$7; immi- grant inspector, Ellis Island, N. Y., p.d. $6 85; immi- grant inspector, Ellis Island, N. Y., six* $6 each immigrant inspec^^ror, El Paso, Tex., p.d- $6; immigrant inspector, Galveston, Tex., p.d. $6; Immigrant in- spector, GulfpoPi Ms?., $2,000; immigrant inST=-top Halifax, N. S., p.d $6; Chinese inspector, Helena, Mont., p.d. $6; immigrant inspector, Honolulu, Hawaii, $3,000; immigrant in'spector, Honolulu, $2,000; Chinese inspector, Honolulu, Hawaii, $2,000; 154 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUB BOOK. immigrant inspector, Jacksonville, Fla., p.d. $6; immigrant inspector, Ketchikan, Alasl:an relations, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On census, $2,220; messenger, $1,440. 138 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLIIiE; BOOK. On civil service and retrenchment, $2,220; mess- enger, $1,440. On claims, $2,220; assistant, $2,000; assistant, $1,440; messenger, $900. On coast and insular survey, $1,S00; messen- ger, $1,440. On coast defenses, $2,220; assistant, $1,440. On commerce, $2,220; assistant clerk, $1,440; messenger, $1,440. On conference minority of the Senate, $2,220. On corporations organized in D/istrict of Colum- bia, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On Cuban relations, $2,220; assistant, $1,440. On disposition of useless papers in executive de- parts, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On the District of Columbia, $2,220; assistant, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. Special employee on the District of Columbia, $1,800. On education and labor, $2,220; assistant, $1,440. On public health and national quarantine, $2,220; assistant, $1,440. On Public lands, $2,220; assistant, $1,440. On railroads, $2,220; messenger, $1,440. On revision of the laws of the United States, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On Revolutionary claims, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On rules, $2,220; assistant, $1,800. On standards, weiights and measures, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On territories, $2,220; assistant, $1*440; messen- ger, $1,440. On trespass on Indian lands, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On transportation and sale of meat products, $2,220; messenger, $1,440. On transportation routes to the seaboard, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On University of United States, $2,220; messen- ger, $1,440. On ventilation and acoustics, $T,800; messenger, $1;440. On woman suffrage, $2,100; messenger, $1^440. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 13^ On engrossed bills, $2,220; messenger, $1,440. On enrolled bills, $2,220; assistant clerk, $1,440. On examination and disposition of documents, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On committee to examine the several branches of the civil service, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. Clerk and stenographer on finance, $2,500; clerk, $2,500; special employee on finance, p. d., $6; mes- senger, $1,440. On fisheries, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On five civilized tribes of Indians, $2,220; mes- senger, $1,440. Messenger on Revolutionary claims, $1,440. On foreign relatjions, $2,220; assistant, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On forest reservations and protection of game, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On geological survey, $2,220; messenger, $1,440. On immigration, $1,800; assis,tant, $1,440; messen- ger, $1,440. On Indian affairs, $2,220; assistant, $1,440. On Indian depredations, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On industrial expositions, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On interocean'ic canals, $2,220; assistant, $1,440. On interstate commerce, $2,220; assistant, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On irrigation, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On judiciary, $2,220; assistant, $1,800; messengert $1,440. On joint committee on library, $2,220; messenger, $1,440. On manufactures, $1,800; assistant, $1,440. On military affairs, $2,220; assistant, $2,000; as- sistant, $1,440; messenger, $900. On n^ines and mining, $2,100; messenger, $1,440. On Mississippi River and its tributaries, $2,220; messenger, $1,440. On national banks, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. On naval affairs, $2,220; assistant, $1,440. On organization, conduct and expenditures of the executive departments, $2,220; messenger, $1,440. On Pacific Islands and Porto Rico, $2,220; assist- ant, $1,800; messenger, $1,440. 140 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Chaplain, $1,200. Office of the Speaker — Secretary to Speaker, $4,000; clerk to Speaker's table, $3,600; clerk to Speaker, $1,600; messenger to Speaker, $1,440.' Office of the Clerk — Clerk of House, $5,000; chief clerk, $4,000; journal clerk, $4,000; reading clerk, $3,600; reading clerk, $3,600; tally clerk, $3,000; printing and bill clerk, $2,500; disbursing clerk, $2,500; file clerk, $2,750; enrolling clerk, $3,000; additional enrolling clerk, $1,800; distributing clerk, $2,250; assitsant dis- bursing clerk, $2,000; assistant enrolling clerk, $2,000; resolution and petition clerk, $2,000; news- paper clerk, $2,000; index clerk, $2,000; assistant journal clerk, $2,000; assistant to chief clerk, $2,000; docket clerk, $2,000; librarian, $1,800; sta- tionery clerk, $2,000; superintendent, clerk's docu- ment room, $1,800; assistant librarian, $1,600; assistant librarian, $1,600; bookkeeper, $1,600; clerk, $1,600; clerk, $1,600; clerk, $1,600; clerk, $1,600; clerk, $1,600; clerk, $2,000; clerk, $1,600; document and bill clerk, $1,600; assistant index clerk, $1,500; special employee, clerk's document room, $1,500; document clerk, $1,440; assistant, disbursing office, $1,600; assistant, clerk's office, $1,600; locksmith, $1,200; telegraph operator, $1,400; assistant file clerk, $1,500; stenographer to clerk, $1,200; assistant telegraoh operator, $1,400; as- sistant in charge of bathroom $1,000; messenger, file room, $900; assistant, library, $900; assistant, doci'ment room, $900 assistant, stationery room, $9C0; page, $720; laborer, bathroom, $720; laborer, bathroom, $720; laborer, bathroom, $720; laborer, $720; laborer, $720; laborer, $720; page, enrolling room, $720; messenper to chief clerk, $900; jani- tor, Hou^e library, $720; stenographer to journal clerk, $900; messenger, disbursing office, $900; messenger, disbursing office, $900; janitor, file room, $720. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 141 Office of the Postmaster — Postmaster, $3,000; assistant postmaster, $2,000; messenger, twelve, $1,200; laborer, $720. Office of the Sergeant-at-Arms — Sergeant-at-arms, $5,000; deputy Sergeant-at-Arms, $2,500; cashier, $3,000; paying teller, $2,500; book- keeper, $2,500; deputy Sergeant-at-Arms in charge of repairs, $1,600; pair clerk, $1,600; assistant bookkeeper, $1,200; messenger, $1,200; skilled laborer, $840; stenographer and typewriter, $720; cab inspector, $720. Office of Doorkeeper — Doorkeeper, $4,500; assistant doorkeeper, $2,500; department messenger, $2,250; speciial employe, $1,500; special employe, $1,500; clerk, $1,200; jan- itor, $1,200; messenger, twenty-five, $1,100; mes- senger. Speaker's table, $1,100; laborer, fourteen, $720; same, $600; attendant, ladles' retiring room, $720. Document Room — Superintendent, $2,500; assistant, $1,800; clerk, $1,400; assistants, eight, $1,200 each; janitor $840; special employe, $1,900; laborers, ten, $720 each. Folding Room — Superintendent, $2,500; clerk, $2,000; clerk, five, $1,600 each; foreman, $1,800; messenger, $1,200; page, $500; laborer, $720; folders, thirty-two, $800 each; night watchman, $720; night watchman, $720; driver, $600; assistant driver, $600; special employe, $1,500! special messenger, $1,200; special messenger, $1,200; chief page and pair clerk, $1,400; assistant department messenger, $2,000; srecial messenger, $1,200; clerk to the minority, $2,000; assistant clerk to minority, $1,500; special messenger, $1,200; assistant foreman, folding room, p. d. $3 laborer, $840; laborer, $840. So'Hiers a"d Closk Room — Messenger, Soldiers' Roll, fourteen, $1,200 each; chfef nage, two, $1,&00, each; cloak room man, eloht $50 oer month; same, $60 per month; same, $70 pep month. 142 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK". Superintendent of Capitol — Chief engineer, $1,700; assistant engineer, three, $1,200 each; machinist, $1,200; electrician, $1,200; conductor of elevator, six, $1,200 each; laborer, two, $820 each; firemen, five, $900 each; laborer, $1,000; laborer, three, $720 each; attendant. Li- brary Portion of Capital, two, $1,500 each; watch- man, $900. Official Reporters and Stenographers — Official reporter, six, $5,000 each; assistant offi- cial reporter, $1,200; official stenographer, four, $5,000 each; assistant stenographer, $1,600. U. S. Botanic Gardens — Superintendent, $1,800; assistant, $1,200; assist- ant, two, $900. U. S. Capitol Police — • Captain, $1,600; lieutenant, three, $1,200; pri- vate, thirty, $1,100; thirty, $960; watchman, nine, $900. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Librarian, $6,000. Chief assistant, $4,000. Chief clerk, $2,500. Secretary, $1,800. Stenographers, superintendents Stenographers, superintendents, messengers, etc., ranging from $3,000 to $360. Copyright Department — Register, $3,000. Chief clerk, $2,000, Chief of application diversion, $2,000. Scores of clerks and messengers, $1,400 to $720. Library Building and Grounds — Superintendent, $5,000. Chief clerk, $2,000. Clerk, $1,600; clerk, $1,400 and clerk, $1,000. Captain of the watch, $1,400. Lieutenant of the watch, $1,000 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 143 Watchman, painters, messengers, telegraph operar tors, etc., from $800 to $480. Chief cataloque division, $3,000; assistant, five $1,800; assistant, seven, $1,500; assistant, six, $1,400; assistant, twelve, $1,200; assistant, six, $1,000; assistant, fourteen, $900; assistant, four, $800; assistant, thirteen, $720; assistant, three, $600; assistant, ten, $540; assistant, four, $480. IVIessenger, six, $360. Chief or order division, $2,500. Assistant, three, $900; assistant, two, $720; assistant, two, $600. Messenger, two, $360^ Chief of periodical divisios, $2,000. Assistant, $1,500; two, $900; assistant, five, $720; messenger, two, $360. Chief of division of Bibliography, $3,000. Assistant, $1,200; assistant, two, $900; stenogra- pher, $900; assistant, $720; messenger, $360. Chief of maps and charts division, $3,000. Assistant, $1,200; assistant, two, $900; mes- senger, $360. Chief of music division, $2,000. Assistant, $1,400; assistant, $1,000; assistant^ two, $720; messenger, $360. Custodian of Congressional reference library, $1,500. Assistant, $1,200; assistant, $900; assistant, $720; messenger, two, $360, Chief or document division, $3,000. Asdiistant, $1,200; senographer, $900; assistant, $720; messenger, $360. Chief of prints division, $2,000. Assistant, two, $900; messenger, $360. Cutodian Smithonian Deposit,, $1,500. Assistant, $1,200; assistant, $720; messenger^ $360. Chief of manuscript division, $3,000. Assistant, $1,500; assistant, $900; messenger, $360. Assistant of binding division, $1,200; assistant, $900; messenger, $360. 144 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. In charge of mail and supply, $1,500; same» $900; messenger boy, $360; attendant, $720. Attendant of stamping, etc., $720. Cusotdian of Law Library, $2,500. Assistant, $1,500; assistant, two, $1,400; mes- senger, $900. Attendant, two, $480. Check boy, two, $360. Charwoman, forty-five, $240. Chief engineer, $1,500. Electrician, $1,500; assistant, $t,000. Assistant, $1,200; assistant, three, $1,000. Machinist, $1,CC0; $900. Wireman, three, $900. Plumber, $900. Elevator conductor, three, $720. Fireman, nine, $720 Skilled laborer, five, $720 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (The entire enrollment of positions and offices herewith given are alsolutely free from any merit restrictions.) Commissioners, two civilians and one military, $5,000 each. Secretary, $2,160. Asst. secretary, two, $1,200. Distr'xt attorney, $5,000. Assistants, one at $2,300; one at $2,100, and two at $2,000 each. Marshal, $5,000. One deputy, $2,750; one at $2,000. Five Justices of the Peace, $2,500 each. Court of Claims: — Chief Justice, $6,500. Four judges at $6,000 each. Sealer of weights, $2,500; assistants, $1,200 and $900; clerk, $1,000; laborer, $480. Market Master — Two at $1,200 each; one at $900 and one at $600; assistant, $540; laborers, four at from $720 to $240; watchman, $480. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 145 Inspectors — Two at $1,200 each; eleven at from $1,600 to $750; inspector of asphalt, $2,400; assist- ant, $1,500; clerk, $750; skilled laborers, two at $600 each. Stables — Superintendent, $1,950; blacksmith, watchman, drivers, $975 to $630 each. Street extensions — Assistant engineer, $2,200; draftsman, $1,350. Coroner, $1,800; deputy, $650; morgue master, $720; assistant, $480. Insurance — Superintendent, $3,000; examiner, $1,500; statis,tician, $1,400; clerk, $1,000. Plumbing — Inspector, $2,000; assistant, six at $1,000 each; inspector of gas fitting, $1,000; drafts- man, $1,200; examining board, five at $300 each. Assessors Office — Inspector personal tax, $1,200; clerk, $1,000; assistant assessor, $2,000; clerk, $1,200; license clerk, $1,200; clerk, $1,000; drafts- man, $1,200; assistant license inspector, $1,000; clerk, two, at $1,200 each; assessment clerk, $1,700; assessors, $4,000; clerks, four at $1,200 to $900 each; Inspector of license, $1,200; clerks, five, $^400 to $1,200; assistant assessor, $300; messen- ger, $600; inspector of personal tax, $1,200; six, $1,500 to $1,200; assistant assessor, $3,000; clerks, four, $1,400 to $1,200 each; assistant assessor, $3,000; clerk, $1,400; messenger, $600; cler^, $1,000; assistant assessor, two, $3,000 and $2,000; clerks, five, $1,400 to $900; assistant assessor, $3,000; clerk, five, $2,000 to $2.50 per diem each; inspector of personal tax, $1,200. Corporation counsel, $4,000; assistant, $2,000; assistant, three, $3,000 to $1,200 each; law clerk, $1,600; stenographer. Collector of taxes — Collector, $4,000; deputy, $1,800; cashier, $1,800; bookkeeper, $1,600; assist- ant cashier, $1,400; entry clerk, two at $1,400 and two at $1,200: bank messenger, $1,200; coupon/ clerk, two at $900 each; bafllff, $5 per diem, mes- senger, $600. Auditor, $3,600; chief clerk, bookkeeper, $1,800; clerks, one at $1,600; four at $1,400; three at $1,200; four at $1,000; two at $800; messenger, $600. 146 OFFICE BEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. Engineer Department — Chief clerk, $1,900, clerk^ $1,800; clerk, $1,600; clerk, $1,400; clerk, $1,330; clerk, $1,200; messenger, two $540; permit clerk, $1,400; assistant, $900; index clerk, $750; superin- tendent of parks, $1,300; assistant, $1,000; foreman, $1,050; foremen, four, $900; clerk, $750; engineer of highways, $3,000; inspector, $7 per diem, engin- eer of bridges, $2,100; superintendent of stleets, $2,000; superintendent of roads, $2,000; assistant engineer, two, $1,800 each, assistant engineer, $1,600; assistant engllneer, two at $5 per diemj clerk, $1,500; inspector, $1,500; assistant engineer, two at $1,500; two at $1,500; clerk, $125 per month; clerk, $1,400; inspectors, three, $4.50 per diem; assistant engineer, $1,350; draftsman, $1,350; drafts- man, $1,350; draftsman, two foremen, eight inspec- tors, $4 per diem; assistant engineer, transitman, clerk, eight foremen, two inspectors, draftsmen, clerk, inspector of streets, two as(?:stant inspectors, transitman and foreman, $1,200 each; sub-foremen, three, $1,050 each; chainman and rodman, $780 each; chainman, $650, bridgekeepers, assistant and clerk, $600 each; messenger, $540; superintendent of sewers, $3,000; assistant engineer, $2,100; assist- ant engineer, $1,800; three assistant engineers, $1,500; inspector, $1,300; general inspector, $1,200; inspector of sewers, $1,500; clerk, $1,500; three clerks, $1,200 each; two clerks, $1,000 each, drafts- man, $1,200 and $1,005 each; three levelers, $1,200 each; five rodmen, $780 each; eleven chainmen, $650 each; steam engineer, one at $1,200 and two at $1,050; three firemen at $875 each; four fore- men at S1,200, and six at $900 each; two messen- gers, $540 each. Water Department — Superintendent, $3,000; as- sistant engineer, $1,800; ch^ef steam engineer, $1,750 clerk, draftsman and foreman, $1,500 each; assistant engineer and clerk, $1,350 each; assist- ant foreman, $1,275; two clerks, assistant foreman, leveler, machinist, nspector, assistant foreman, $1,200 each; steam engineer, two at $1,100 each; steam engineer, blacksmith, and plumber, $1,050 each; clerk, $1,000; machinist, two at $975 each; rodman, timekeeper, storekeeper, janitor and assist- OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 147 ant foreman, $900 each; three assistant steam en- gineers, $875; assistant storekeeper, calker, driver watchman, three oilers and messenger, $700 to $540 each; water registrar, $1,800; clerk, $1,500; clerk, $1,000; two Inspectors, $900; eight inspectors, $900; two tappers at $900; nine inspectors at $800; m.essenger, $600. Surveyors Office — Surveyors, $3,000; asslstant- ant, $1,800; clerk, $1,500; assistant engineer, $1,500; clerk, $1,500; computer, $1,200; inspector, drafts- man and clerk, $975 each; draftsman, $900; rod- man, $825; three chainmen, $700; two chainmen, $650. Inspector of Buildings — Inspector, $2,750; assist- ant, $1,600; computer, two, $1,500 each; four assist- ant inspectors, superintendent of construction, $1,200; assistant inspector, four, $1,000; clerk, three, $900; messenger, $480; three assistant inspectors, $1,000; five at $4 per diem; draftsmen, $1,400; tele- phone operator, two, $600 each; six at $540 each; storekeeper, $875; two laborers, $540 each and two at $400 each. Electrical Department— Electrical engineer, $2,500; inspector, two, $1,800; superintendent, $1,600; inspector, $1,350; electrician, $1,200; elec- trical inspector, two, $1,200, clerk, two, $1,125; clerk, $1,050; clerk $750; draftsman, $1,000; cable splider, $1,200; telegraph operator, three, $1,000; expert repair man, $960; inspector, three, $900; repair man, four, $720 assistant, etc., three, $620. Health Department — Health officer, $3,500; deputy, chief clerk, $2,200 each; deputy chief in- spector, $1,800; chemist, $1,800; poundmaster, $1,500; clerk, $1,400; clerk, five, $1,200 each; clerk, *v.'o, $1,000 and three at $900; laborers, four, $40 per month; messenger, $600. Street Cleaning — Superintendent, $2,500; assist- ant, $1,600; chief clerk, $1,500; clerk, $1,200; clerk, $1,000; chief inspector, $1,200; twelve inspectors, $1,200 each; nine, $1,100 each; superintendent of stables, $1,005; weigh clerk, $950; inspector, $1,100; four, $900; dump foremen, blacksmlith. $900 each; foremen of repairs, $1,000; inspector, $900; mechan- 148 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. Ics helper, $600; messenger, $600; hostler, $550; eight dumpmen, $480 each. Clerk, one at $1,500; one at $1,400; three at ft,200. Veterinary surgeon, jan^itor, $1,200 each. Steam engineer, $900 each. Fireman, three, $480 each. Elevator operator, two, $360. Messenger and two watchmen, $480. Laborer, two, $600 each. Messenger driver, stenographer, $600 each'. Property clerk, $2,000. Deputy, $1,600. Inspector of fuel, $1,500. Clerk, six, $1,200 each. Inspector of material, $1,200. Asst. inspector of fuel, $1,100. Property yard keeper, two, $1,000. Inspector of property, $936. Clerk, six, from $720 to $900 each. Messenger and two clerks, $600 eachw Driver and clerk, $480 each. EXPIRATION OF SERVICE IN DIPLOMAT- IC SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES. Argentina, John W. Garrett, E. E. «& M. P (Md.) ap't'd. Dec. 14, 1911. Austria-Hungary, Richard C. Kerens, Amb. E. & P. (Mo.) ap't'd. Dec. 21, 1909. Belgium, Larz Anderson, E. E. & M. P. (D. C.) ap't'd. Aug. 12, 1911. Bolivia, Horace G. Knowles, E. E. & M. P. (Del.) ap't'd. June 24, 1910. Brazil, Edwin V. Morgan, Amb. E. & P. (N. Y.) ap't'd. Jan. 18, 1912. Bulgaria, John B. Jackson, E. E. & M. P. (N J.) ap't'd. Aug. 1p, 1911. Chile, Henry P. Fletcher, E. E & M. P. (Pa.) ap't'd. Dec. 21, 1909. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK 149 China, William James Calhoun, E E. & M. P. (111.) ap't'd. Dec. 21, 1909. Colombia, James T. DuBois, E. E & M. P. (Pa.) apTd. Aug 21,. 1911. Costa Rica, Lewis Einstein, E E. & M. P. (N. Y.) ap't'd. July 6, 1911. Cuba, Arthur M. Beaupre, E. E. & M. P. (III.) ap't'd. Aug. 12, 1911. Denmark, Maurice Francis Egan, E. E. & M. P. (D. C.) ap't'd. June 10, 1907. Dominican Republic, William W Russell, E. E. & M. P. (D. C.) ap't'd. July 6, 1911. France, Myron T. Herrick, Amb. E. & P (Ohio.) ap't'd. Feb. 15, 1912. German Empire, John G. A. Leishman, Amb. E & P. (Pa.) ap't'd. Aug. 12, 1911. Great Britain, Whitelaw Reid, Amb. E «& P. (N. Y.) ap't'd. March 8, 1905 (dead). Greece, Jacob Gould Schurman, E. E. & M. P. (N Y.) ap't'd. Aug. 16, 1912. Guatemala, R. S. Reynolds HItt, E. E. & M. P. (III.) ap't'd. Sept. 17, 1910. Haiti, Henry W. Furniss, E. E. & M. P. (Ind.) ap't'd. Nov. 23, 1905. Honduras, Charles Dunning White, E. E. & M. P. (N. J.) ap't'd. July 6, 1911. Italy, Thomas J. O Brien, Amb. E. & P. (Mich.) ap't'd. Aug. 12, 1911. Japan, Charles Page Bryan, Amb E. & P. (III.) ap't'd. Aug. 12, (911. Liberia, William D. Crum, Minister Resident & C. G. (S. C.) ap't'd. June 13, 1910. Luxembourgh, Lloyd Bryce, E. E. & M. P. (N. Y ) ap't'd. Aug. 12, 1911. Mexico, Henry Lane Wilson, Amb. E. & P. (Wash.) ap't'd. Dec. 21, 1909. Montenegro, Jacob Gould Schurman, E. E. & M. P. (N. Y.) ap't'd. Aug. 16, 1912 Netherlands, Lloyd Bryce, E E. & M. P. (N. Y.) ap't'd. Aug. 12, 1911. Nicaragua, George T. Weitzel, E. E. «S, IVI. P (Mo.) ap't'd. Dec. 21, 1911. 3:50 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOE. Norway, Laurits S. Swenson, E. E & M. P. (Minn*) ap't'd. April 27, 1911. Panama, H. Percival Dodge, E. E. & M. P. (Mass.) ap't'd. July 6, 1911. Paraguay, Nicolay A. Grevstad, E. E. & M. P. (III.) ap't'd. Juno 30, 1911. Persia, Charles W. Russell, E. E & M. P. (D. C.) ap't'd. Dec. 21, 1909. Peru, H. Clay Howard, E. E. & M. P. (Ky.) ap't'd. Jan. 18, 1911. Portugal, Cyrus E. Woods, E, E. & M. P. (Pa.) apVd. Jan. 25, 1912. Roumania, John B. Jackson, E. E & M. P. (N. J.) ap't'd. Aug. 12, 1911. Russia, Curtis Guild, Amb. E. «S, P (IVlass.) ap't'd. April 24, 1911. Salvador, William Heimke, E. E. & M. P. (Kans.) ap't'd. Aug. 5, 1909. Servia, John B Jackson, E E. & M. P. (N. J.) ap't'd. Aug. 12, 1911. Slam, Fred W. Carpenter, E. E. & M. P (Cal.) Sept. 12, 1912. Spain, Henry Clay Ide, E E. & M P. (Vt.) ap't'd. April 1, 1909. Sweden, Charles H. Graves E. E. & M. P. (Minn,) ap't'd. March 8, 1905. Switzerland, Henry S. Boutell, E. E. & M. P. (III.) ap't'd. April 24, 1911. Turkey, William Woodville Rockhill, Amb. E. & P. (D. C.) ap't'd. April 24, 1911. Egyptf Peter Augustus Jay, Agt. & C. G. (R I.) ap't'd. Dec. 21, 1909. Uruguay, Ni'cholay A. Grevstad, E. E. & M. P. (III.) ap't'd June 30, 1911. Venezuela, Elliott Northcott, E. E. & M P. (W. Va.) ap't'd Dec. 21, 1911. EXPIRATION OF SERVICE IN CONSULAR SERVICE. ARGENTINE. Buenos Aires, Richard M. Bartleman, C. G., (Mass.) ap't'd. J.an. 11, 1909. OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 151 Rosarlo, Robert T. Crane, C^ (Md.) apH'd. Aug. 19, 1911. AUSTRO HUNGARY. Budapest, Hungary, Paul Nash, C. G., (N. Y.) ap't'd. June 1, 1908. Carlsbad, Aurtia, Charles L. Hoover, C, (Mo.) ap't'd. Aug. 22, 1912. Fiume, Hungary, Samuel H. Shank, C, (Ind.) ap't'd. Aug. 20, 1912. Prague, Austria, Joseph I. Brittain, C, (Ohio) ap't'd. March 30, 1907. Reichenberg, Austria, William J. Pike, C, (Pa.) ap't'd. June 24, 1910. Trieste, Austria, Ralph J. Totten, C, (Tenn.) ap't'd. Aug. 23, 1911. Vienna, Austria, Charles Denby, C. G., (Ind.) ap't'd. May 17, 1909. BELGIUM. Antwerp, Henry W. Diederich, C. G., (D. C.) ap't'd. June 22, 1906. Brussels, Ethelbert Watts, C. G., (Pa.) ap't^d. April, 25, 1907. Ghent, Henry Abert Johnson, C, (D. C.) ap't'd. Aug. 19, 1911. Liege, Alexander Heingartner, C, (Ohio) ap't'd. Aug. 19, 1911. BRAZIL. Bahia, David R. Birch, C, (Pa.) ap't'd. Aug. 22, 1912. Para, George H. Plckerell, C, (Ohio) ap't'd. May 29, 1906. Pernambuco, P. Merrill Griffith, C, (Ohio) ap't'd. Jan. 10, 1910. Rio de Janeiro, Julius G. Lay, C. G., (D. C.) ap't'd. May, 2, 1910. Santos, Jay White, C, (Mich.) ap't'd. Aug. 27, 1909. CHILI Inquique, Percival Gassett, C, (D. C.) ap't'd. April 15, 1912. Punta Arenas, Charles L. Latham, C, (N. C.) ap't'd. Aufi. 19, 1911. 152 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK;. Valparaiso, Alfred A. Winslow, C , (Ind.) ap't'd. June 22, 1906. CHINA. Amoy, Lester Maynard, C, (Cal.) ap't'd. Aug. 20, 1912. Antung, Adolph A. Williamson, C, (D. C.) ap't'd, Aug. 19, 1911. Canton, Fleming D. Cheshire, C. G., (N. Y.) ap't'd, Aug. 22, 1912. Chefoo,* Julean H. Arnold, C.C, (Cal.) ap't'd. March 8, 1912. Chunging, E. Carleton Baker, C, (Cal.) ap't'd Aug. 19, 1911. Foochow, John Folwer, C, (Mass.) ap't'd. March 13, 1912. Hankow, Roger S Greene, C. G., (Mass.) ap't'd. Aug. 19, 1911. Harbin, Southard P. Warner, C, (Md.) ap't'd. June 2, 1909. Mukden, Fred D. Fisher, C G., (Oreg.) ap't'd. Aug. 27, 1909. Nanking, Charles D. Tenney, C, (Mass.) ap't'd. March 13, 1912. Newchwang, William P Kent, C, (Va.) ap't'd. May 2, 1910. Shanghai, Amos P. Wilder, C. G., (Wis.) ap't'd. May 17, 1909 1909. Swatow, Charles L. L. Williams, C, (Ohio) ap't'd. June 24, 1910. Tientsin, Samuel S. Knabenshue, C. G., (Ohio) ap't'd. Aug. 27, 1909, COLOMBIA. Barranqu'illa, Isaac A. Manning, C, (Ore.) ap't'd. Aug. 19, 1911. Cartagena, Graham H. Kemper, C, (Ky.) ap't'd. Aug. 19, 1911. COSTA RICA. Port LImon, Chester Donaldson, C, (N. Y ) ap't'd. Nov. 25, 1905. San Jose, Samuel T. Lee, C, (Mich.) ap't'd. May 31, 1909 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. 153 CUBA. Cienfueaos, Max J. Baehr, C, (Nebp.) ap't'd. June 6, 1902. Habana, James Linn Rodgers, C. G., (Ohio) ap't'd. Aplrl 15, 1907. Santiago de Cubg, Ross E. Holaday, C, (Ohio) ap't'd. June 6, 1902. DENMARK AND DOMINION. Copenhagen, Edward D. Winslow, C. G., (III.) ap't'd. Aug. 19, 1911. St. Thomas, West Indies, Christopher H. Payne, C, (W. Va.) ap't'd. May 1, 1903. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Puerto Plata, Charles M. Hathaway, jr, CC. (Pa.) ap't'd. Aug. 19, 1911. Santo Domingo, Charles B. Curtis, C. G., (N. Y.) ap't'd. Feb. 1, 1912. EQUADOR. Guayaquil, Herman R. Dietrich, C. G., (Md.) ap't'd. April 2, 1903. FRANCE AND DOMINIONS. Bordeaux, Alfred K. Moe, C, (N. J.) ap't'd. March 3, 1909. Calais, James B Milner, C, (Ind.) ap't'd. March 1, 1898. Havre, John Ball Osborne, C, (Pa.) ap't'd. Aug. 22, 1912. Lyon, Carl Bailey Hurst, C, (D. C.) ap't'd. Dec. 14, 1910 Marseille, Alphonse Gaulin, C. G., (R. I.) ap't'd. May, 31, 1909. Nantes, Louis Golschmidt, C, (N H.) ap't'd. Oct. 13, 1904. * * Paris, Frank H. Mason, C. G, (Ohio) ap't'd. March 8, 1905. Reims, William Bardee, C. C, (N. Y.) ap't'd- June 10, 1908. GERMAN EMPIRE. Alx la Chapelle, Prussia, Pendleton King, C, (N. C.) ao't'd. Dec. 12, 1905. * Apia, Samog, Mason Mitchell, C, (N. Y.) ap't'd. May 1, 1908. 154 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. Barmen, Prussia, George Eugene Eager, C, (III.) apn'd. March 29, 1906. Berlin, Prussia, Alexander IVI. Tliackara, C. G*, (Pa.) ap't'd. IVI arch 13, 1905. Bremen, William T Fee, C, (Ohio) ap't'd. June 22, 1906. Chemnitz, Saxoney, Thomas H. Norton, C, (Ohio) ap't'd. July 25, 1906. Coburg Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Frank Dillingham, 0. G. (CalJ ap't'd. Jan. 4, 1906. Cologne, Prussia, Hiram J. Dunlap, C, (III.) ap't'd. March 17, 1905. Dresden, Saxony, T. St John Gaffney, C. G., (N. Y.) ap't'd. March, 14, 1905. Frankfort on the Main, Prussia, Heaton W. Harris, C. G., (Ohio) ap't'd. Aug. 22, 1912. Hamburg, Robert P. Skinner, C. G., (Ohio) ap't'd. June 10, 1908. Hanover, Prussi'a, Albert H. Michelson, C, (Mass.) ap't'd. Aug. 22, 1912. Kehl, Baden, Milo A. Jewett, C, (Mass.) ap't'd Dec. 20, 1911. Leipzig, Saxony, Nicholas R. Snyder, C, (Pa.) ap't'd. Aug. 22, 1912. Mannheim, Baden, William C. Teichmann, C, (Mo.) ap't'd. April 9, 1912. Munich, Bavaria, Thomas Willing Peters, C. G , (D. C.) ap't'd. March 30, 1907. Numerberg, Bavaria, George N. Ifft, C, (Idaho) ap't'd. Jan. 21, 1909. Plauen,* Saxony, Robert Brent Mosher, C, (D. C.) ap't'd. Aug. 19, 1911. Stuttgart, Wurttemberg, Edward Higgins, C, (Mass.) ap't'd. April 29, 1907. Tsingtau, China, James C. McNally, C, (Pa.) ap't'd. April 15, 1910. GREAT BRITAIN AND DOMINIONS. Auckland, New Zealand, William A. Prickitt, G G., (N. J.) ap't'd. Nov. 6. 1905. Barbados, West Indies, Chester W. Martin, C, (Mich.) June 10, 1908. Belfast, Ireland, Hunter Sharp, C., Seoul, Edwin L. Neville, ap't'd. Jan. 17, 1912; $1,650. Yokohama, Joseph W. Ballantine, ap't'd. June 11, 1912; $1,650. Teheran, Ralph H. Bader, ap't'd. Feb. 8, 1912; $1,000. Constantinople, Arthur H. Leavitt, ap't'd. Aug. 5, 1912; $2,000. Constantinople, Lewis Heck^ ap't'd. Aug. 26, 1912; $1,500. Cairo, John L. Binda, ap't'd. Aug. 5, 1912; $1,500. Jerusalem, Samuel Edelman, ap't'd. Aug. 26, 1912; $1,5C0. Constantinople, Gabriel Bie Ravndal, C. G., (8. Dak.) ap't'd. Dec. 19, 1910. Harput, William W. Masterson, C, (Ky.) ap't'd. June 10, 1908. Jerusalem, Syria, William Coffin, C, (Ky.) ap't'd. June 24, 1910. Smyrna, George Norton, C. G., (III.) ap't'd. Aug. 19, 1911. 164 OFFICE SEEKERS' BLUE BOOK. POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT, 1912. 1 Dem. Rep. 1 Prog. Soc. Pro. ISoc.L. 1 Total. I Ala. ... 1 82,438 9,732 1 22,680 3,029 1 117,879 Ariz. . . 10,324 3,021 6,949 3,163 '*265 23,722 Ark. . . 68,838 24,467 21,673 8,153 898 ...,. 124,029 Cal. . . . 283,436 3,914 283,610 79,201 23,336 673,497 Colo. . . 114,230 58,380 72,306 16,418 5,063 "475 266,872 Conn. . 84,614 68,099 34,143 10,078 2,068 1,260 200.262 Dela. . . 22,631 15,998 8,886 556 625 48,6c,6 Fla. . . . 36,417 4,279 4,535 4,808 1,854 51,891 Ga 93,076 5,191 21,980 1,028 149 121,424 Idaho . 33,921 32,810 25,530 11,942 104,203 Ill 405,048 253,593 386,478 81,278 15,710 4' 06 6 1,146,173 Ind. . . . 281,890 151,267 162,007 36,931 19,249 3,x03 654,447 Iowa . . 185,376 119,811 161,783 15,914 8,437 491,321 Kan. . . 143,670 74,844 120,123 26,807 365,444 Ky. . . . 219,584 115,512 102,766 11,647 3,233 956 453,698 La. .... 61,035 3,834 9,323 5,249 79,441 Me. . . . 51,113 26,545 48,493 2,541 945 129,637 Md. . . . 112,674 54,956 57,786 3,996 2.244 "322 231,978 Mass. . 173,408 155,948 142,228 12,616 2,754 1,102 488,056 Mich. .. 150,751 152,244 214,584 23.211 5,934 1,252 547,976 Minn. .. 106,426 64,334 125,856 27.505 7,886 2,212 334,219 Miss. .. 57,227 1,597 3,646 2,062 64,532 Mo. ... 330,746 207,821 124,371 28,466 5,380 l',778 698,652 Mon. . . 27,941 18,512 22,456 10,885 79,794 Neb. . . 109,109 54,348 72,776 10,219 3,419 249,871 Nev. . . - 7,980 3,2ia 5,525 3,263 19,978 N. H... 34,724 32.927 17,794 1,981 535 87,961 N. J... 178,289 88,835 145,410 15,901 2,871 1,321 432,627 N. M... 20,437 17,733 8,347 2,859 49,376 9; I::: 655,475 455,428 390,021 63,381 lV,427 4,251 1,587,983 144,507 29,139 69,130 1,025 243,801 N. D... 29,555 23,090 25,726 6,966 1,243 86.580 Ohio .. 423,152 277,066 229,327 89,930 11.459 2',623 1,103,557 *Okla. 119,156 45,393 45,393 42,262 2,185 254,389 Ore. ... 47,064 34,673 37,600 13,343 4,360 137,040 Penn. .. 395,619 273,305 447,426 80,915 19,533 704 1,217,502 R. I.... 30,412 27,703 16,878 2,049 616 236 77.894 S. C... 43,355 536 1,2"3 164 50.348 S. D... 48,942 58.811 4,662 3*916 '.'.'.'.'. 116.325 Tenn. .. 130,349 59,434 53,725 3,484 825 247,817 Tex. . . 221,435 28,913 26,740 25,742 1,738 "IXi 305,010 T^tah .. 36,579 42,100 24,174 9,023 509 112,315 Ver. . . 15,354 23,332 22,132 928 1,095 62,941 Va. . . . 90,332 23,288 21,777 820 709 '■'56 136,976 Wash. 86,846 70,445 113,698 40,134 9,810 1,872 322.799 W. Va. 113,046 56,667 78,977 15,336 4,534 268.560 Wis. .. 164,228 130,695 62,460 33,490 8,586 527 399,986 Wyo. .. 15,310 14,560 9,232 2,760 434 42,296 Tot 6,303,063 3,439,529 4,168,564 898,119 203,319 29,061 157041,655 Plur. .. 2,134,499 *The vote in Oklahoma for g^re-ssive electoral ticket, 90,786, lican and Progressive parties. the joint Republican and Pro- is divided between the Repub- mBk 1915 FEBRUARY 1913 / |R^p\ SUN. MON. TUE . WED. THU. FHI . SAT. m MM 1 it Ml 2 5 4 5 6 7 si «l 9 10 11 m 15 14 15f ^ 16 17 IS 19 20 21 p^gy 1 25 24 25 26 27 28 i fesc :m; 1^ «2jZ3^:^£saKir PENSION OFFICE WASHINGTON. DC INAUGURAL &ALL IS HLLD HERE. 1915 AUGUST SUN. MON.TPE.WED. rnaiiiiiK^ 10 11 re 12 20 14 21 isa 1913 OCTOBER 1913 SUN. MON. TUE. WED. THU. FM . SAT. 12 19 26 15 20 27 14 21 28 _L _8_ 15 22 29 25 50 10 17 24 51 11 18 25 1915 NOVEMBER 1915 SUN. MON. TUE . WED. THU. FRI . SAT. 16 25 50 10 17 24 11 IS 25 12 19 B 15 20 26gii28 14 21 1 a 15 22 29 ■■■ JSS gsc FEB 18 1913