PITTS-- INESS ENTERS TCAGO tfDUNAPOLIS DETROIT C CLEVELAND YORK PHILADELPHIA Baltimore: PITTSBURGH Focused by Pittsburgh Industrial Development Commission Fisq Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/wherebusinesscenOOpitt ^Bt/^ ^S P^° Where Business Centers Commercial strength — not force of arms — establishes national prestige. National commercial strength is dependent upon that of communities comprising the nation. Commercial strength of any community is measured by its Financial Position Industrial Development Density of Population Distributing Facilities The Pittsburgh Industrial Development Commission has already analized the Financial Position of Pittsburgh. It proved that Pittsburgh is: The strongest banking city in America in relation of capital and surplus to gross deposits; The Second City in capital and undivided profits; The Third City in deposits. What then is the position of Pittsburgh in relation to Industrial Development ^^ Density of Population f Distributing Facilities • After weeks of careful, authorative analysis the Industrial Development Commission herein demonstrates Pittsburgh to be FIRST IN INDUSTRY FIRST AS A NATIONAL DISTRIBUTING CENTER FIFTH IN POPULATION THE PITTSBURGH INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION President H. P. BOPE Vice-President F. F. NICOLA Treasurer - - - - - W. H. DONNER Secretary W. C. DOUGLAS Advtg. Mgr. J. J. NORDMAN *& COMMISSION H. P. BOPE Vice-President and General Manager of Sales Carnegie Steel Company. F. F. NICOLA W. H. DONNER D. P. BLACK President, Real Estate Trust Co. JAMES C. CHAPLIN Vice-President, Colonial Trust Co. MORRIS BAER President, Kaufmann & Baer Co W. C. COFFIN Structural Engineer, Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. ROBERT FINNEY General Agent, B. & O. R. R. Company. ROBERT GARLAND President, Garland Nut & Rivet Company. JAMES F. KEENAN President, Haugh & Keenan Storage and Transfer Co. R. L. O'DONNELL General Superintendent, Pennsylvania Lines. J. M. SCHOONMAKER Vice-President, P. & L. E. R. R Co. PITTSBURGH First In Industry Fifth In Population and half the nation within 450 miles. When we started to accumulate the evidence we were full of enthusiasm. Of course we had a good case — Pittsburgh — but no one really knew what a wonderful case it was until the evidence was all pieced together. The whole purpose was to collect the testimony, put it into succinct form and let those who were on the outside know just what we insiders had — in Pittsburgh. — and it wasn't all born of vanity. Pittsburgh — the whole Pittsburgh district — is endowed by Nature's Horn of Plenty. It was somebody's job to proclaim the story — to present our Nature-endowed opportunities to all — to give the outsider an insight. So we undertook the job. We knew we had a community of which we might right- fully boast — but boasts never made a case. We wanted facts — and we wanted all the facts. No one person had all the facts — on Pittsburgh's greatness. Every person should have them. So we plunged right in to fish them out. That was our job. Corporate lines are imaginary — especially in Pittsburgh. Few — mighty few — Pittsburgher's can define the city limits. Some thirty boroughs are so closely knitted together — with each other — and with Pittsburgh — that the official surveyors alone can define the lines. Scores of streets are divided by two municipalities. You can pass in and out of a dozen boroughs in a half hour trolley ride. — and do so unconsciously. There is no open territory between them. Pittsburgh has "mills for miles" — but only a meagre few are in the city — the corporate city. Each time a great enterprise was launched forth — in Pittsburgh — a new community was founded on the outskirts of the city. Recently a large steel manufactory required more capacity — a new branch. So it built additional mills and erected a new town — built an addition to Pittsburgh — established houses — houses for 25, 000 people! It would have required an enormous city to house the great industries of Pittsburgh. They built around the city. The city grew out to them. And an enormous city now houses them. A city of more than a million! The Fifth City. METROPOLITAN PITTSBURGH 1,042,855 Population The Fifth City '•It is a familiar fact that in some cases the municipal boundaries give only an inadequate idea of the population grouped about one urban center. In the case of many cities there are surburban districts with a dense population out- side of the city limits which, in a certain sense, are as truly a part of the city as the districts which run in the municipal government. These suburbs are bound to the cities by a network of transportation lines. Many of the residents in these suburbs have their business or employ- ment in the city, and to a certain extent per- sons who reside in the city are employed in the suburbs. It seems desirable, therefore, to show the magnitude of these population centers taken as a whole." WILLIAM C. HUNT, Chief Population Statistician, Government Census Bureau. For decades census taker had spent as much time counting noses on the outskirts of the corporate lines of Pittsburgh as they had within the city itself. The Pittsburgh Industrial Development Commission was anxious to learn the real population of the real Pittsburgh. The authoritative source was the Census Bureau. The Census Bureau responded to an appeal for the facts. Here are the facts: METROPOLITAN NEW YORK - - The First City. METROPOLITAN CHICAGO - - The Second City. METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA - The Third City. METROPOLITAN BOSTON - - - - The Fourth City. METROPOLITAN PITTSBURGH - - The Fifth City. Subsequent rotation is as follows: Fifth— Pittsburgh - 1,042,855 Sixth— St. Louis -----.-- 828,733 Seventh — San Francisco - 686,873 Eighth— Baltimore - - - - - - - 658,715 Ninth— Cleveland -------- 613,270 The Pittsburgh Metropolitan District covers a radius of approximately ten miles. Density of population within this ten-mile radius is further indicated by the following extensive list of distinct communities included in this comparatively small radius: Aspinwall Aval on Bellevue Ben Avon Braddock Bridgeville Carnegie Carrick Cheswick Clairton Coraopolis Crafton Dormont Dravosburg Duquesne East McKeesport East Pittsburgh Edgewood Edgeworth Elizabeth Emsworth Etna Finleyville Glassport Glenfield Greentree Haysville Heidelberg Homestead Ingram Knoxville Leetsdale McKees Rocks Millvale Mt. Oliver Munhall North Braddock Oakdale Oakmont Osborne Pitcairn Port Vue Rankin St. Clair Sewickley Sharpsburg Spring Garden Springdale Swissvale Tarentum Thornburg Turtle Creek Verona Versailles Wall Warrendale West Elizabeth West Homestead Westview Wexford Whitaker Wilkinsburg Wilmerding Other important communities — important in population and manufacturing — fringe the ten-mile circle. Woodlawn, Ambridge, Aliquippa, Monessen, Donora, Beaver Falls, Rochester, New Brighton, New Kensington and a score of other communities are part and parcel of the Pittsburgh Metropolitan district, but outside the ten-mile radius. Such a dense population is huddled about Pittsburgh that curiosity asserted itself to learn Pittsburgh's relative position as a national distributing center. Every Pittsburgher knows that he can reach more important cities in a one night ride than can be reached from any other center. How many consumers can the Pittsburgh manufacturer and jobber reach in that "one-night-ride-radius" (450 miles)? How many consumers can be reached within a similar radius of other large communities? We wanted to know. Every jobber and manufacturer ought to know. So we tackled this job too. And it was a job. It meant that population had to be computed in parts and parcels of states, counties and townships — just as the circles sliced off segments. But it was worth the effort. It presented a most complete analysis of all the great American distributing centers. It had never been done before and it proved that PITTSBURGH IS THE GREATEST DISTRIBUTING CENTER OF THEM ALL. PITTSBURGH Nearly half the nation^more than Forty-Two and One Half Million people live within 450 miles of Pittsburgh. No other American community presents such distributing facilities within a similar area. Pittsburghers can ship to both New York and Chicago and cover no more ground than New Yorkers do in shipping to Chicago — and visa versa. The moral is clear. Here are the figures defining Pittsburgh's superior distributing facilities: Pennsylvania Ohio New Jersey West Virginia Maryland District of Columbia Delaware Virginia New York Vermont Massachusetts Connecticut North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Kentucky Indiana Illinois Michigan Total 7,665,111 4,767,121 2,537,167 1,221,119 1,295,346 331,069 202,322 2,061,612 9,019,667 48,310 399,955 948,683 2,206,287 183,663 483,138 1,740,521 2,489,861 2,514,584 2,391,659 42,597,198 NEW YORK In itself the Great American Metropolis, New York, suffers an insurmountable handicap as a distributing center. A glance at the map indicates that practically half the 450-mile circle is ocean. Thus shipments are restricted to three points of the compass. Population withm the area is as follows: Marne New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Ohio West Virginia Virginia North Carolina Rhode Island Total 561,371 430,572 355,956 3,366,416 1,114,756 9,113,614 2,537,167 7,665,111 202,322 1,295,346 331,069 953,424 915,837 1,718,010 367,714 542,610 31,571,295 DETROIT Detroit can supply 31 ,193,706 people within a 450-mile radius. Again we have the presentation of a comparatively central city somewhat limited by the Canadian frontier and the Lakes. Population available for distribution is 1 1 ,000,000 less than that in the Pittsburgh district. The figures are compiled as follows: Ohio Indiana West Virginia Michigan New York Pennsylvania Maryland District of Columbia Virginia North Carolina Tennessee Kentucky Illinois Iowa Wisconsin Total 4,767,121 2,700,876 1,221,119 2,810,173 2,137,590 5,336,255 1,012,279 331,069 1,123,431 203,942 425,551 1,935,364 4,838,771 396,935 1,953,230 11,193,706 h\r~ Gree it U se \ Sa OltuuTw J KpoTTiht, St. Louis* (Mi Cajl-oN pills Cleveland # « ' AC cVfaPdL Chicago, _, (jicveiii"" w i. • . i^-^^^k-nesv;/;^ ^ , l'corui! rSiiri!)gri('/rJ_ ir£*. — r "T-T- — l:t-,T ^ •"Columbus c,,,tlM,lttU ci^ib6t2 'Louisville.^ Nashville < CHICAGO Chicago adds a comparatively small population to itself in describing a 450-mile radius. Territory in the western half of the circle is sparsely populated. The total population figures 13,000,000 less than that surrounding Pittsburgh within the same area. Here are the figures: Illinois Indiana Wisconsin Michigan Ohio Kentucky Pennsylvania Minnesota Iowa Missouri Arkansas Tennessee West Virginia Total 5,638,591 2,700,876 2,333,860 2,810,173 4,767,121 2,289,905 1,637,998 1,187,397 1,924,284 2,497,543 23,690 1,728,822 394,090 29,934,350 BOSTON The irresistable ocean, plus the Canadian border, operate against Boston. Thus Boston is seventh in the list of great distributing centers as computed on the basis of available population. Analysis of the population, founded on the census report, is as follows: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Total 742,371 430,572 355,956 3,366,416 542,610 1,114,756 9,008,488 5,153,697 2,537,167 202,322 1,212,830 331,069 24,998,254 NOTE: There are several cities north of Pittsburgh, such as Cleveland and Buffalo, which enjoy a large population within a radius of 450 miles, because of their relative geographical location. But they do not have as large a population as Pittsburgh within any radius, due largely to the proximity ot the Great Lakes and Canada. FIRST IN INDUSTRY PITTSBURGH Long world-famous for its industrial supremacy, no accurate measure had ever been taken of Pittsburgh's greatness. Government statisticians followed the policy confining the industrial census to the corporate lines of cities and states. The scores of great industries that fringe the outskirts of corporate Pittsburgh swelled the industrial figures of Pennsylvania. No comprehensive census of the real Pittsburgh had been compiled. The Pittsburgh Industrial Development Commission ad- dressed itself to the encouragement of a real industrial census of the Pittsburgh Metropolitan district — just as it had to secure a census of population of the same district. The assistance of the government Census Bureau was enlisted. After many weeks of labor the following impressive tabulation was compiled: NOTE: It must be remembered that the figures here presented, demonstrating Pittsburgh's industrial supremacy, relate only to manufactories. Payrolls, value of product, etc., relating to wholesalers, jobbers, public service corporations, railroads and all other business activities other than manufacturers are not included. v -»^a: jj^-rfotf Cincinnati ■ . '■■v^,;-,,^ i ';^"^;: : : , ; ,;^'p|rp| St. louis -"-..- w"^ N £:MJ§ik^M^ Copyrighted 1912 Pittsburgh Industrial Development Commission. ^wm-- ■•'■'"■ ne;w, * iYorkt: >i umi ADELPHb ALTIMORE HARRISBURG "■■il&' ; .'.ni:ij. , .? : ; PHILADELPHIA WASHINGTON 5 ->*«-"-;:.". -^5 — *rr- *£? DECORATION] Br W 5 WASHBURN DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR BUREAU OF THE CENSUS THE CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES IN METROPOLITAN Num- ber INDUSTRIES Es f ab . Capital lish- ments District Total 2,369 $642,527,046 Awnings, tents and sails 7 44,000 Baskets, and rattan, and willow ware 5 38,833 Brass and bronze products 15 4,273,850 Bread and other bakery products 391 6,601,004 Brick and tile 41 2,002,934 Carriages and wagons, and materials 40 1,910,883 Cars and general shop construction and re- pairs by steam railroad companies 16 8,684,822 Cars and general shop construction and re- pairs by street railroad companies 3 252,277 Clothing, men's, including shirts 24 1,237,435 Clothing, women's 5 104,408 Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding 4 310,795 Confectionery 20 1,538,001 Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified 17 477,176 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 59 3,925,925 Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified. . . 20 3,565,921 Electrical machinery, apparatus and supplies 18 48,184,808 Electroplating. _ 7 18,933 Enameling and japanning 3 691,090 Engraving, wood 3 16,566 Flavoring extracts 7 31,360 Flour mill and gristmill products. 13 226,991 Food preparations 16 672,554 Foundry and machine-shop products 218 70,585,128 Fur goods. 6 181,413 Furniture and refrigerators 11 826,412 Galvanizing 3 157,792 Glass 27 20,795,023 Glass, cutting, staining, and ornamenting. . . 24 389,086 Grease and tallow 6 441,963 Ice, manufactured 31 4,024,177 Iron and steel, blast furnaces 13 100,116,105 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. 54 234,689,014 Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers and riv- ets, not made in steel works or rolling mills 9 2,653,885 Iron and steel forgings 8 1,592,457 Iron and steel pipe, wrought 4 7,353,477 Jewelry 6 88,697 Leather goods 12 318,223 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 6 1,552,676 Liquors, distilled 8 2,074,435 Liquors, malt 28 24,111,550 Looking-glass, and picture frames 3 34,023 Lumber and timber products 86 3,560,889 Wage- Earners (Aver- Employ- N um- ber) 0,692 139.285 13 37 44 102 704 569 2,327 61 813 47 554 9,438 936 454 16 866 102 6 60 42 27 121 833 197 21 1,720 143 109 1,391 2,826 8,030 2 21 41 202 2 18 4 '8 7 17 46 205 3,553 18,454 5 29 46 315 13 67 374 6,942 42 311 15 56 104 315 909 5,565 4,165 51,156 98 954 57 531 155 1,550 10 77 17 124 27 244 38 142 235 1,354 2 14 142 1,187 TABULATED FEBRUARY 9, 1912 COMPARED FEBRUARY 11, 1912 MANUFACTURES: 1909 DISTRICT BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES Total Total Paid in Cost of Miscellaneous Value of Primary Wages Materials Expenses Products Horse- power $90,115,842 $366,892,433 37,878,296 $578,815,493 791,047 15,340 18.171 46,064 8,448 105,419 40 24,328 76,210 4,762 113,010 146,622 424,736 2,468,600 166,707 3,397,537 2,850 539,854 1,244,127 5,403,082 1,028,571 9,568,400 2,490 63,123 384,936 269,966 130,089 908,346 5,769 50,549 369,519 442,679 57,214 1,031,239 1,873 779,132 6,605,681 9,164,034 256,032 16,804,878 15,094 18.827 290,787 237,349 13,615 560,578 2,809 87,777 342,412 1,121,773 173,143 1,949,728 340 6,444 24,014 79,569 7,079 134,270 13 36,270 14,443 612,460 89,011 810,657 226 106,063 261,872 1,549,247 158,832 2,284,087 724 22,727 108,784 411,717 19,002 656,831 159 177,858 946,072 2,119,639 282,006 5,254,789 4,076 160,712 738,757 1,550.084 159,092 3,086,268 3,769 3,240,797 4,760,067 8,521,905 2,148,067 20,260,163 13,160 2,600 10,879 4,289 4,763 32,343 65 37,743 76,441 391,399 35,304 596,677 436 2,080 14,302 1,843 9,508 31,803 9 2,510 3,514 16,978 3,028 36,889 2 4,952 8,807 170,373 4,265 207,921 530 36,366 82,277 634,283 100,747 968,541 563 4,404,869 12,780,152 24,140,317 4,361,783 52,411,013 41,908 5,401 22,356 62,769 13,350 139,226 3 54,033 187,884 440,447 120,161 900,036 629 15.828 36,172 80,662 18,324 190,748 50 566,917 3,648,952 3,560,783 969,222 8,765,900 13,632 44,311 139,414 229,928 28,042 494,669 65 16,097 31,694 325,993 22,599 429,278 325 119,368 214,422 282,327 245,415 1,370,635 10,136 1,328,843 4,217,097 72,125,803 1,948,926 85,584,235 225,192 5,435,034 35,925,008 158,035,351 9,447,825 237,186,077 357,945 134,445 478,137 1,677,205 147,473 2,662,158 2,302 72,360 308,299 690,021 118,336 1,336,375 2,149 154,548 813,387 5,382,496 96,600 7,168,723 4,700 6,829 54,651 87,962 13,712 182,514 19 10,410 63,722 136,398 19,384 260,419 79 46,455 138,824 913,913 67,848 1,161,603 846 72,322 72,298 732,544 2,516,355 3,649,731 1,260 473,404 1,060,090 1,936,360 2,670,478 8,236,002 11,321 900 9,565 19,311 4,402 41,793 2 155,741 744,708 1,854,023 233,545 3,188,759 5,408 © CO w H a <: D 2 < O CO D en Z w >» 1 M O CO O 0- M O "Nl r- LO CO •D O -H CO T& T-l 00 CO c O CO OC * 5 Si Sf ,o E 5 S O CO COHC Cvl -i— 1 l> "* LO -stl t- L- O CO CO rH CO tH CO O OS LO T-I t— fe-** 1 ' CO c- LO CO CXI O ^f LO OS CXI C<1 i-l CD O c/a H £i Q Cx rH -* tH" ^h" rH co co" CO u CO C- OS O9CO0C co 00 t-OS^t<-#C=^'GOCX| CO CD ^ ,h rH CO IO s COO^f (MOOt- «HK M-*O0>-i , C0C0H C^3 t— OS LO t- cs co Hffi» -* GO LT OS OS CO O-^CDCXI-^t-HCOGO CO O LO ^jh CO GO ^J< E-" C8 OTi t-lfllO T-H O OS CD -* CD ■^CO^HIMIMCOIX) 1—1 os co cxi NHCO c/a a. 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E R a +- r/ a "?" 7: p B < £ p 7J P a •fc c < M bio to "O .5 ffi ra .2 to ~ pq U en" U U o .5 u 3 to £ .-9 6 u oj 2 "§ - U -J3 w U bO U "2 to s s s 'S u B tn X O (N to to OJ to 3 tn be o c a M a >> nj a to to e > ^ !> '-3 h "o u o3 a ^" -a *o wT rt £ rt £ S .2 o « C 2 ~o -a to o .5 be < ' — n "^ rt aj to a aj .2 =2 "O to < to to < m U u o3 aj bo CD en -3 > 'So tn l-c C aj biO > o l-H ■ o +-> wT a tn tn o E '3 3 3 to "2 - to bo •- s -to ~ u qj +j d" c — o ° £ a ►> l-H tif 03 CJ tcl C C rt o3 en to tn T3 Id 03 J3 -Q tn S * to O 13 to c' -H j5 & to _ > a to i? to o to tn a +J CJ ni O CD s * CM' o in 03 o3 — . J2 .5 to ^ % COMPARISONS Pittsburgh's supremacy as a manufacturing center is emphasized by comparing the value of manufactured produces of the Metropolitan District with that of entire slates. Comparisons here given are based on the census figures for Pittsburgh for 1909 and the figures for slates as presented by the World Almanac of 1912. PITTSBURGH METROPOLITAN DISTRICT $578,815,493 State of Missouri 439,548,957 State of Michigan 429,120,060 State of Wisconsin 411,139,681 State of Indiana 393,954,405 State of Connecticut 369,082,091 State of California 367,218,494 State of Minnesota 307,858,073 State of Maryland 243,375,996 State of Rhode Island 202,109,583 State of Kansas 198,244,992 State of Louisiana 186,379,592 State of Iowa 160,572,313 State of Kentucky 159,753,968 State of Nebraska 154,918,220 State of Georgia 151,040,455 State of Texas 150,528,389 State of Virginia 148,856,525 State of North Carolina 142,520,776 State of Tennessee 137,960,476 State of Washington 128,821,667 State of Alabama 109,169 922 DIVERSIFIED PITTSBURGH ■ To the uninitiated Pittsburgh is regarded solely as a manufacturing center of iron and steel and allied products. However, the wonderful distributing facilities of the Pittsburgh District has long since been recognized by long-headed manu- facturers. An analysis of the manufacturing census of 1 909 indicates that by subtracting from the sum total of manufactured products all relating to: car and shop construction for railways; electrical manufacturing in all branches; glass, foundry products, blast furnaces, rolling mills, forgings, tubes, metal work, pipe and all branches of iron, steel and tin plate manufacture — the diversified industries of the Pittsburgh Metropolitan District still represent an annual product valued at $ 1 17,1 56,3 1 7. These small, diversified manufacturing products of the Pittsburgh Metropolitan District, compare with the entire product of entire states as follows: PITTSBURGH (Small, diversified industries) $117,156,317 State of Alabama — entire 109,169,922 State of Colorado — entire 100,143,999 State of West Virginia — entire 99,040,676 State of South Carolina — entire 79,373,362 State of Montana — entire 66,415,452 State of Vermont — entire 63,083,611 State of Mississippi — entire 57,451,445 State of Oregon — entire 55,525,123 State of Arkansas — entire 53,864,394 State of Florida — entire 50,298,290 State of Delaware — entire 41,160,276 PROMOTING PROGRESS Natural resources, fuel, and distributing facilities are the dominate forces that wrought Pittsburgh's industrial supremacy. But contributary causes have reinforced the manufacturing advantages of the district. In every American community of size and importance manufacturers suffer the handicap of a heavy personal tax plus the usual property tax. This, in effect, is penalizing enterprise. Not so in Pittsburgh. In 1910 Pittsburgh's levy upon manufacturers for personal taxation was almost nil. In 191 1 it was made nil by the complete removal of the tax on machinery. It is now the only big city in America which offers this encouragement to manufacturers. A comparison of the personal property assessment levied on manufacturers in 1910 bespeaks an eloquent and unmistakable moral: New York $357,923,123 Baltimore 351,148,835 Boston 281,685,014 Chicago 245,971,661 Cleveland 208,000,000 Cincinnati 138,470,940 Detroit 128,900,080 Milwaukee 97,880,085 St. Louis 96,657,070 Newark, N. J 78,014,003 Providence 71,013,420 New Orleans 67,616,207 Louisville 62,200,000 San Francisco 57,335,111 Kansas City 52,095,092 Indianapolis 51,446,360 Minneapolis 47,100,000 District of Columbia 42,274,555 Seattle 35,443,739 Denver 32,320,220 Portland, Ore 30,000,000 Los Angeles 20,408,845 Jersey City 16,906,399 ■ Albany 10,439,980 Rochester 8,305,500 Buffalo 7,200,000 Pittsburgh 3,685,015 APPRECIATION The Pittsburgh Press, under date of March 19, 1912, emphasized the moral to manufacturers, in the following editorial: Pittsburgh's Tax Advantage to Industries The Industrial Development Commission has rendered the community a service by sending broadcast its compilation show- ing that Pittsburgh derives a smaller income from taxes upon personal property than any other manufacturing city in the United States. There are some cities which claim a slightly lower tax on real estate than Pittsburgh, but owners and managers of industries know that the tax on realty does not tell the whole story. In some cities industries have to pay a personal property tax amounting almost to one-half of the total taxation. When — as the commission points out — the Pittsburgh manu- facturer pays the tax on his real estate his obligations to city, county and state are practically met. He is not obliged to pay a high assessment on his machinery and equipment. In this city the personalty tax on industries is virtually nothing. Law in Pennsylvania excludes machinery and industrial equipment to the extent that manufacturers in this district are offered exceptional opportunities. This is more apparent when it is pointed out by the Industrial Commission that Pittsburgh with its total invested capital in manufactures reaching $642,- 527,046 pays a personalty tax of about 1% per cent, that of Cleveland and practically 1 per cent, of the figure levied in the Maryland cities. To be more specific, in Cleveland, with a total assessed valuation of $710,000,000, the personal property tax is $208,000,000. Against this the personalty assessment in Pitts- burgh is only $3,685,015. In Baltimore, which has a total tax- able valuation slightly less than Pittsburgh's, the tax on per- sonal property is $351,148,835, or almost one hundred times the personal property assessment in Pittsburgh. The law of the state of Pennsylvania has long encouraged the establishment of industries here by exempting machinery and industrial equipment from tax burdens. It is a wise and progressive policy, which has contributed largely to our manu- facturing supremacy. In calling the attention of manufacturers in other parts of the country to the matter, the Industrial Development Commission is offering many of them a substantial reason for bringing their industries to the Pittsburgh district. REAL PROPERTY VALUES Total valuation of property in Allegheny County, Pa., of which Pittsburgh is the seat, as reported for 1 9 1 2 by the County Commissioners to the Secretary of the Commonwealth, was $1,247,094,860 These figures are larger than the total assessed valuation of property in each of the States of Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho (including utilities), Iowa (including utilities), Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina (including utilities), North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia (including utilities), or Wyoming. Here are 36 Sovereign States each with a Lower Assessed Valua- tion than Greater Pittsburgh. PROOF Pittsburgh's stragetic geographical position being more nearly equi-distant to large centers of population than any other American city, establishes its position as the greatest American distributing center. The Western Union Telegraph Company has long since recognized the fact. Seventy-five per cent of all trans-continental business of the Western Union Telegraph Company is distributed through Pittsburgh. No other station on the company's lines excels Pittsburgh as a distributing point. Pittsburgh is the chief distributing center for the Postal Telegraph Company. More messages pass through Pittsburgh on the Postal Telegraph Company lines than through any other American City. More than eighty per cent of the long-distance service of the Bell Telephone System is relayed through Pittsburgh. And there is good reason for this. PITTSBURGH IS THE LOGICAL DISTRIBUTING CENTER FOR AMERICA. CORROBORATION It is next to impossible to prepare a map with any degree of accuracy indicating Pittsburgh's relative position as the distrib- uting center for the telegraph and telephone business of America. The map on the following page indicates the Western Union and Bell Telephone systems. The lines of the Postal Telegraph and Pittsburgh & Allegheny Telephone Companies cannot be represented without creating confusion. Pittsburgh is the center of the greatest web of telegraph and telephone wires in America. All roads lead to Pittsburgh. All roads lead out of Pittsburgh. Few, very few, American communities of importance can communicate with one another without doing so through Pittsburgh. It is not a matter of choice. Natural laws demand it. It is an irresistable demand. And it carries a MORAL. THE MORAL Facts herein presented are intended as an analysis of Pittsburgh — just as a careful manufacturer or distributor would compile the evidence. Success is rarely born of accident. Pittsburgh's industrial success is pre-eminent. There are no ore mines adjacent to Pittsburgh. The steel mills are not built at the coal mines. But the ore and the coal are so accessible — the heavy finished product available to such widespread economical distribution — that Pittsburgh provides the back-bone of the most successful industrial enterprise in the world. Contrast the distribution of prodigous iron and steel tonnage with the dissemination of millions of telegraph and telephone messages, invisably over the wires. Almost unconsciously the greatest conveyors of communica- tion centered upon Pittsburgh as the logical base for distribution. Here lies the moral. Sentiment, hope and patriotism are not endowed by commerce. Ample financial resources — Abundant labor supply — Successful business precedents — Economical location as to source of raw material — Availability of maximum distribution at minimum cost in time and money — These fundamentals underlie business achievement. These fundamentals underlie Pittsburgh's achievement. THE MORAL IS CLEAR. 1913 MacGregor-Cutler Printing Co. Pittsburgh. Pa. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WHEN 9f- BUi STOP PITT IT STOP 014 368 208 | Swing ss" at- URGH CHICAG INDIANAPOLIS ^ DETROIT V CLEVELAND YDR* PHILADELPHIA BALTIMORE PITTSBURGH