Bill .v.. (Jass_\ Book i 1 PRESENTED BY ! THE PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST; RECORDER AND DELINEATOR OF THE CHARACTER AND TALENTS As marked by A COMPENDIUM PHRENO-ORGAN1C SCIENCE. BY O. S. FOWLER, PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST, LECTURER, FORMER EDITOR OP " AMERICAN PHRENOLOGICAL JOURN AND AUTHOR OF " FOWLER ON PHRENOLOGY," " FOWLER ON PHYSIOLOGY, " " SELF-CULTURB ' "MEMORY," "RELIGION," "MATRIMONY," "HEREDITARY DESCENT," "LOVE AND PAJtENTAGE," "MATERNITY," " AMATIVENESS," "SELF INSTRUCTOR," "flOUt FOR ALL," "ANSWER TO HAMILTON," " Y1NDEX," ETC., ETC., ETC BOSTON: O. S. FOWLER. 514 TREMONT STREET. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by 0. S. FOWLEB, to the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the District of Maiwaeha GIFT BERTRAM SMITH :- *<.' •• f£i RIVERSIDE, CAJCBRTTCE " S?XRE0TTPED AND PEISTBt fl S U. 0. HOUGHTOX ASTO COMPANi. NAMES, NUMBERING, AND DEFINITIONS OF TIIE FACULTIES. Amativeness. — Sexual love, fondness, passion. Conjugality. — The pairing instinct, one love. Parental Love. — Care for offspring, and young. Friendship. — Sociability, clinging to friends. Inhabitivenkss. — Love of home, patriotism. Continuiti . — Application, finishing, continuing. Vitati veness. — Clinging to life, resisting disease. Combativeness. — Defense, courage, force, etc. Destructiveness. — Executiveness, severity. Alimentiveness. — Appetite, relish, greediness. Acquisitiveness. — Frugality, saving, industry. Secretiveness. — Self-control, policy, art, tact. Cautiousness. — Quardedness, safety, pruder ce. Approbati veness. — Pride of character, honor. Selp-Ksteem. — Self-respect, dignity, authority. Firmness. — Stability, perseverance, willfulness. Conscientiousness. — Duty, right, truth, justice. Hope. — Expectation, anticipation, enterprise. Spirituality. — Intuition, prescience, faith. Vbneratio* — Worship, adoration, obedience. »k\e'('i;.k>or — Sviupathy, kirt'Jntuw goodness Constrccttveness. — Ingenuity, invention. Ideality.— Taste, love of beauty, poetry Sublimity. — Love of grandeur, vastness, etc Imitation. — Copying, aptitude, miniickry. Mirth. — Fun, wit, ridicule, facetiousne«« Individuality. — Observation, desire to see. Form. — Memory of shape, looks, persons. Size. — Measurement of quantity, distance Weight. — Control of motion, balancing. Color. — Discernment and love of colors. Order. — Method, system, doing by rule. Calculation. — Mental arithmetic, reckoning Locality. — Memory of pice, position, etc. Eventuality. — Memory of "acts, events, etc. Time. — Telling when, time of day, date**, etc Tune. — Musical love, ecstiV", and talent Language. — Expression jy words, acts, etc. Causality. — Planning, thinking, reason, sens* Comparison. — Analysis, inferring, critic. Human Nature. — Perception of character. Suavity ~ Pleasantness blaudness. blamar BUSINESS ADAPTATIONS IN A SCAL? FROM 1 TO 7. Artistical. Retail Dealer. ^Reporter. Shipbuilder. Architect. Wholesale do. *7 Teacher / Writer. Upholsterer. Designer. Dealer in — Manufacturer of— Engraver. Boots, shoes. Boots, shoes. Musician. Leather. Mechanical. Fancy Articles. Music Teacher. Cattle, horses. Baker. Furniture. Painter, Orna- Coal, lumber. Blacksmith. Trunks, harness. mental. / Dry-goods. Boss Workman. Useful Articles. do., Portra . Fancy Articles. Builder. Photographc*. Grain, groceries Carpenter. Scientific. Hardware. Chandler. Anatomist. - ^Commercial. Implements. Compositor. Captain. / Accountant. Jewelry. Contractor. Chemist. Agent. Marketing. Cooper. Commander. Appraiser. Useful Articles. Dairyman. Engineer. Auctioneer. Dentist. Geologist. Banker. Professional. Dressmaker. Manager R. R. Bookseller. Actor. Farmer. do., of Workmen. Broker. Author. Finisher. Miner. Business Corres. Bishop. Gardener. Naturalist. Cashier. Clergyman. Gunsmith. Phrenologist. Collector. Conveyancer. Gas Fitter. Physician. Commis. Mer. Correspondent. Inventor. Representative. Conductor. Editor. Laborer. Secretary. ^ / Druggist. | Expressman. Elocutionist. Locksmith. Surgeon. Governor. Machinist. Surveyor. Importer. Governess. Mason. Statesman. Insurance. Historian. Miller. Landlord. Judge. Milliner. Miscellaneous. Merchant. Lawyer. Paperer. Fisherman. Principal. Lecturer. Plumber. Housekeeper. Publisher Literature. Printer. Livery Keeper. Salesman. Linguist. Tailor. Matron. Shipping Clerk. Officer. Tanner. Nurse. Speculator. Poet. Tinsmith. Restaurant. do., Real Estate. Politician. Turner. Teamster. Superintendent. Professor. Seamstress. Waiter. Trader. Proof-reader. Stonecutter. Watchman. Complexion Marry one In Size e# Height \f CONDITIONS, ^y 7 Very Large. 6 Large. 5 Full. 4 Aver- age. 3 Moder- ate. 2 ^ i Small. ; Culti- vate. Re- strain. Many one having Size of Brain, *■$ Organic Quality Health PAGE 6 16 7 7 7 V 8 8 V 17 17 17 17 17 17 IS 22 21 21 25 21 26 N 21 22 22 ^22 <> Vital Power, Breathing Power Circulatory Power. . . . Digestive Power Motive Power, Mental Power, Activity 25 28 ^26 26 26 29 N 32 27 (a 28 29 29 29 29 c 30 30 31 30 ^ 30 30 1 31 31 — • — 34 31 31 N. 31 31 32 i 33 ■ 35 m 36 36 37 38 38 39 V 40 46 41 41 41 41 ! | 37 47 47 47 X 46 46 46 46 47 Excitability 47 V 48 48 48 48 48 4S 48 Domestic Group. 1. Amativeness 2. Conjugality 3. Parental Love 4. Friendship 66 6e . m 66 ™9 66 65 67 68 72 69 70 70 ik 71 71 72 72 72 ^ 73 73 - 7S 73 c 74 74 ^75 85 75 75 76 76 76 79 80 77 71 --T 8 78 78' 78 78 5. Inhabitiveness 6. Continuity 79 ^79 80 80 J 80 80 82 — ,.ll 80 82 81 ^81 81 81! 83' 84 ~7t 82 Selfish Group. 7. Vitativeness 8. Combativeness 9. Destructiveness 10. Alimentiveness 11 Acquisitiveness 12. Secretiveness 13- Cautiousness 14. Approbativeness 15. Self -Esteem 82 ^83 83 88 83 84 88 ^84 84 84 84 84 84 87 v. 85 85 86 86 87 89 87 88 88 ^89 89 89 90 90 91 O 1 91 91 91 91 92 92 94 «^ 94 95 95 95 95 96 96 97 99 97 97 101 98 ^98 98' 1 «v" 99 ^100 101 101 10! 102 102 ^102 103 103 103 104 104 104 104 105 105 106 106 106 Xip7. .107 107 16. Firmness 108 ^J08 109 109 109 109 : 109 109 Moral Group. nof •NJ10 110 111 111 111 111 111 CONDITIONS. 7 Very Large. 6 Large. 5 Full. 4 Aver- age. 3 Moder- ate. *j 1 Small. Culti- vate. Re- strain. Marry one having 17. Conscientious 18 Hope 112 112 113 113 114 114 114 114 115 ^115 116 116 116 117 117 in 119 I 19. Spirituality 20. Veneration 117 118 118 118 121 V 18 118 i ^118 119 ^120 121 121 121 1 121 121 21. Benevolence Self-Perfectives . 22. Constructiveness 23. Ideality 122 ^123 123 123 124 123 1 123 123 124 125 ■ 124 ^124 124 124 125 1 1 125 125 127 125 12C 126 128 126 H 126 127 c 127 128 128 128 | 129 129 24. Sublimity 12S 129 130 130 130 130* | 130 130 25. Imitation 130 131 132 13 r 132 132 132 1£2 26. Mirthfulness Intellectuals. Perceptives. 27. Individuality 28. Form 133 133 134 <13-» 134 134 1 «sJ34 134 135 135 . 135 135 135 137 135 135 130 — 13G v 137 v 13u 138 136 137 137, « 137 138 140 139 139 139 139 129 - 130 139 140 140 140 140 29. Size ^141 141 141 141 142 141 14l' 1 141 . 142 30. Weight 31. Color 142 143 X 142 142 143 143 14S 144 143 143 v 144 144 144 144 144 32. Order 144 ^145 145 145 145 145- 146 14G 33. Calculation 146 v 147 147 147 147 147i 147 147 — 34. Locality 147 147 148 148 148 149 1 148 1 148 148 Literary Faculties. 143 ^148 149 149 149' 149 151 149 149 ^ 149 150 150 150 151 151 33. Time 151 151 > 151 151 152 152 152 152 37. Tune 152 152 ^152 153 153 4 155; 153 153 33. Language 153 . 154 154 155 155 155 156 Reflectives. 39. Causality 156 156 156 156 156 156, 156 156 15: 157 159 ^158 15S 15S 158 i:8 159 40. Comparison 159 160 160 160 160 1 1 160 160 162 41. Human Nature 131 >161 161 161 151 101 1 161 [42. Agreeableness 162 162 162 162 1<*2 162 ! 162 162 PREFACE. To teach learners those organic conditions which indicate character, is th« first object of this manual. And to render it accessible to all, it condenses facts and conditions, rather than elaborates arguments, — because to expound Phrenology is its highest proof, — states laws and results, and leaves them upon their naked merits; embodies recent discoveries, and crowds into the fewest words and pages just what learners most need to know, and hence requires to be studied rather than merely read. " Short, yet clear," is its motto. Its anal- ysis of the faculties and numerous engravings embody the results of observation and experience. To record character is its second object. In doing this, it describes those organic conditions which affect and indicate character in seven degrees of power — very large, large, full, average, moderate, small, and very small — in- dicated by the seven numerals 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1. Those organs and conditions marked 7, or very large, are sovereign in their influence over character and conduct, and, combining with those marked large, direct and control the feelings and actions. Those marked 6, or large, have a powerful and almost controlling influence, both singly, and especially in com- bination, and press the smaller ones into their service. Those marked 5, or full, play subordinate parts, yet their influence is considerable, though more potential than apparent. Those marked 4, or average, have only a medium influence, and mainly in combination with larger ones. Those marked 3, or moderate, are below par in fact, and still more so in appearance; exert but a subordinate in- fluence; and leave character defective in these respects. Those marked 2, or small, are so deficient as easily to be perceived ; leave their possessor weak and faulty in these respects, and should be assiduously cultivated; while those marked 1 are very small, and render their possessor almost idiotic in these respects. Those who have their physiological and phrenological conditions correctly marked in the accompanying table, are referred in it to those paragraphs in this and the Author's other works which both describe themselves, and also contain specific directions how to perfect their characters, and improve children. Its plan for recording character is seen at a glance in the following — EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES. The examiner will mark the power, absolute and relative, of each function and faculty, by placing a figure, dot, or dash on a line with the name of the organ taarked, and in the column headed "large " or "small," according to the size of the organ marked, while the printed figure in the square thus marked refers tc •hose pages in this book where, under the head "large," "small," etc., will be IV PREFACE. found a description of the character of the one examined in respect to that faculty, and at the end of this description, in the book, another figure will be found, which refers to Fowler's " Phrenology," a standard work, in which will be found an extended description of those shadings of character caused by various combi- nations of faculties, while in the two right-hand columns but #ne, in the columns headed "cultivate" and "restrain," are figures referring to pages in this work where directions for cultivating and restraining may be found; and at the cVfoe of these sentences are figures which refer the reader to the numbered paragraph* in three books, entitled "Physiology," "Self-culture," and "Memory," called, when bound together, " Education Complete," where will be found extended directions for self-improvement and the management of children. For example; Conditions. 15. Conscientious- ness 16. Hope 7 Very Large. PAGE — llkS 6 Large. 5 Full. 4 Aver- age. 3 Moder- ate. . 114 Small. Culti- vate. Re- strain Marry one having 112 113 113 114 . 114 — 117 . 115 115 116 116 — 116 117 — 114 . 117 — 6 ! This section of the table presupposes that two persons, A and B, have been matked upon it, A with a dash, B with a dot, and shows that A's Conscien- tiousness is very large, ai.d that his character is described on page 112, under the head " very large," and that it should be restrained, which he is told how to do in "Education," numbered paragraph 268, under the head "restrain," but that Hope is moderate, which is described under " moderate " on page 116, and requires to be cultivated, which he is told how to do in "Education," num- bered paragraph* 272, under "cultivate;" but that B's Conscientiousness is moderate, and is described on page 114, under " moderate," and to be cultiva- ted, and is shown how under " cultivate," in paragraph 268 of "Education," but that B's Hope is very large, and is described on page 115, under " very large," and is to be restrained, see "Education," paragraph 273, under " re- strain," and must marry one having Hope large The right-hand column, headed " marry one having " shows to what tempera- ments and phrenological developments the one marked is best adapted. See the Author's work on " The Family." The points left unmarked are less material, concerning which choose according to your own tastes. Several persons can be marked on one table by using a dot for one, and dashes^ horizontal, perpendicular, slanting to the right, left, etc., or different colored pencils, for each of the others, so that all the members of a family, or a group of friends, can thus be marked on one table, or all transferred from each table to that of all the other tables, so that each can have the records and descriptions of all the others, and all of each other. When an organ is about half-way between two sizes, it is represented by two dashes or dots, as 5 to 6, or 3 to 4, etc., which is equivalent to 5£ or 3£. In these cases both sentences referred to may be read, and a medium between the two will be appropriate. The sign +,plus, signifies about one third of a degree more, and — , minus, one third of a degree less, than the marks indicate, thus giving virtually a seal* of twenty-one degrees. THE PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST, ETC. DEFINITION AND PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. Phrenology — derived from the two Greek words, <£p7^, mind, andAo'yos, discourse — points out certain cause and effect relations existing between particular forms or developments and conditions of the brain, and their accompanying manifes- tations of the mind, and predicates the respective peculiari- ties of the character and talents of different persons frmn the forms, sizes, and other organic conditions of their brains. It must, of necessity, be either true or false. If true, it constitutes a distinctive department of Nature, and must, therefore, harmonize with all her other departments ; but, if false, it must needs conflict with her laws and facts. Surely, then, it need not be difficult to ascertain whether it thus agrees or conflicts with Nature. Its distinctive doctrines are that : — I. The mind is composed of different primary powers or forces, called faculties, each of which manifests a specific class of the mental functions. Thus the feeling of sympathy is the product of one mental faculty, called Benevolence, and memory of facts is put forth by another called Eventuality ; while reasoning by induction is exercised by another, called Comparison, and thus that there exist as many primary mental capacities as man can experience different kinds of mental functions. That the mind consists of several elemental faculties, and not of one single power, is evinced by — 1. The different inherent traits and instincts of different persons and animals. The duck u takes to" water, and eagle to craprs: the lion to flesh, and horse to grain; one man to tetters an! anuthvr to me- 2 THE PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST, ETC. chanics ; one to philanthropy and another to money, etc., becauso impelled thereto by strong innate proclivities. " Poets are born, not educated." 2. Monomania is consequent en the derangement of one mental fac- ulty, while all the other faculties are sane. If it consisted in only ono element, all its functions must needs be deranged or sane together, ac- cording as this one was sane or insane. 3. If all kinds of talent originated from this one element, it must be equally strong or weak in everything, whereas, instead, one man is often great in one or two respects yet deficient in others, like Blind Tom, a musical and a mimicking prodigy, though a natural fool — Borne remembering some things but forgetting others : some great me- © © © © ' © chanics but poor speakers. And thus of most men in a greater or less degree, 4. If the mind consisted of but one element, it could do but one thing at the same instant, and must, of course, stop all previous func- tions the instant it commenced any and every new one ; must stop remembering the instant it began to think, and stop thinking the in- stant it began to remember, and suspend both and all its other func- tions the instant it began to talk. Yet, in that case, how could it talk at all, for how could it remember what it would say, or say anything while it remembered ? This doctrine of the oneness of the mental faculty is contradicted, while that of its plurality is proved, by every single mental fact and phenomenon bearing on this point. Therefore the mind must necessarily be composed of just as many separate faculties as it can put forth distinct classes of operations — a primary faculty for each class. And these " special geniuses " are caused by one faculty being strong, whilst another is weak — that is, by their different degrees of power, in different persons and modes of action. A mental faculty is : — 1. That which puts forth a distinct class or kind of mental function. 2. That which appears or disappears earlier or later in life than others. 3. That which can act or rest, be healthy or diseased, strong or weak, independently of the others. 4. That which is propagated separately, and in different degrees of power. These faculties, so embodied that they act collectively, are the only instrumentalities of all we feel, do, and are, and collectively constitute uur consciousness, selfhood, personality, and life-entity. PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. 3 II. Each faculty is exercised by means of a particular por- tion of the brain, called its organ. Proofs : — 1. All functions whatsoever, are always put forth by means of or- gans, never without them. Not one function anywhere in Nature but is exercised through some organ. That is, organism is Nature's only means of functionism. 2. Every class of functions is manifested only through its own spe- cific organ, created expressly therefor. Thus, who can ever see except through eyes, or hear without ears, or move without muscles, or fulfill any function whatsoever, except in and by Nature's specific or- gans, expressly adapted thereto ? And she always employs one, fifty, or five hundred organs, whenever she has one, fifty, or five hundred functions — its own particular organ for each class of functions. In- deed, what is Nature's sole rationale and end of all matter, throughout all its forms, but to furnish the organisms requisite for executing her respective functions ? Of course this organic institute of Nature, so indispensable through- out all her other departments, is equally useful and necessary in each Df her mental functions. Each faculty of the mind must, therefore, Lave its own specific organ, through which alone it can be exercised. III. The Brain is the organ of the mind. This doctrine is universally admitted. Its proofs are : — 1. It was not made for nought, but was created to execute some function. 2. Its structure, and everything appertaining to it, show that it ful- fills altogether the most important function of man, which is, of course, the mental. 3. Anatomy proves that it exercises a part and therefore all of the mental operations. 4. Every natural fact which bears on this point proves it. Not one militates against it. IV. The Brain is a cluster of organs, each expressing i>ne faculty only. 1. Anatomy proves that different parts of the brain perform differ- ent mental functions: that sight is executed by one portion, and hear- ing, tasting, etc., each by others ; therefore every other mental power must have its own specific cerebral organ. 4 PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. 2. Insanity is caused by inflammation of the brain. This is proved by those mental derangements consequent on many fevers ; by deliri- um tremens; by certain injuries of the brain, impairing specific mental powers ; by a softening of the brain, weakening the mentality ; and many similar ranges of facts. 3. Monomania, or insanity on one subject, coexisting with sanity on all others — the usual form of mental derangement — is obviously caused by disorder in one of these cerebral organs, whilst the others are sound. 4. Injuries of the Brain furnish still more demonstrative proof. If Phrenology is true, to inflame Tune, for example, would create a singing disposition ; Veneration, a praying desire ; Cautiousness, groundless fears ; and so of all the other organs. And thus it is. Nor can this class of facts be evaded. They abound in all phrenological works, especially periodicals, and drive and clench the nail of proof. V. Particular characteristics are always accompanied and indicated each by its own specific form. 1. Nature classifies all her productions into orders, genera, species, etc., and annexes specific forms to each, so that the same forms always accompany and indicate the same traits of character. Thus one form of tree and leaf always accompanies and indicates oak characteristic, another peach, and thus of the shape of every tree, vegetable, and thing that grows. Botany is based on this principle, and consists in its vari- ous ramifications. 2. Every branch of Natural History furnishes infinite ranges of illus- trations of this same law. Every kind of fish, fowl, and creeping thing, from the beginning of time, always has kept, and will keep, its own specific configuration, to which each individual of every class, genius, and species, conform. Thus all dogs have one general form, all cats another, all bovines still another, and thus of all elephants, all humans, all that lives. So, too, all bull-dogs have one variation of this canine form, all grey- hounds another, all spaniels still another, and thus of all other varie- ties of dogs, cats, fish, fowls, insects, races of men — everything. 3. Any anatomist too, can predicate, with infallible certainty, just from the mere shape of the smallest bone of any unknown animal or human being, its natural history, and all about its detailed characterise tics and instincts. Then since the size and shape of every leaf, scale s feather, bone, etc., of every living creature, vegetable, mineral, and SIZE A MEASURE OF POWER. 5 thing, tell us infallibly all about its specific characteristics, of course all the various forms of the head must also indicate and accompany, each its own specific mental traits. Shall universal form proclaim uni versal character, and shall not specific head-shapes also proclaim partic- ulai mental dispositions and talents ? 4. In and by the very nature and constitution of things, specific forms are linked each to its particular mental speciality. Therefore, every distinct form of the brain and head indicates some particular proclivity or passion. This is but one phase of a universal ordinance of all things. VI. Size, other things being equal, indicates the power of function. That this proposition expresses a general law, is evinced by the gen- eral fact that the larger the pieces of wood, iron, etc., are, the stronger they are ; that larger horses, persons, etc., are proportionally more powerful than smaller, and thus of everything else. Though some- times smaller men, horses, etc., are stronger, can lift, draw, and endure more than others that are larger, because they are different in organic quality, health, etc., yet where the quality is the same, whichever is largest is proportionally the most powerful. And this undisputed law of things is equally true of the brain, and that mental power put forth thereby. All really great men have great heads — merely smart ones, or those great only in certain faculties or specialities of character, not always. The brains of Cuvier, Byron, and Spurzheim were among the very heaviest ever weighed. True, Byron's hat was small, doubtless because his brain was conical, and most developed in its base ; but its great weight establishes its great liize. So does that of Bonaparte. Besides, he wore a very large hat — one which passed clear over the head of Colonel Lehmenouski,one of his body-guard, whose head measured 23^ inches, so that Bonaparte's head must have measured nearly or quite 24 inches. Webster's head was massive, measuring over 24 inches, and Clay's 23J; and this is about Van Buren's size. Chief Justice Gibson's, the greatest jurist of Penn- sylvania, was 24^ ; and Hamilton's hat passed over the head of a man whose head measured 23^. Burke's head was immense, so was Jeffer- jon's, while Franklin's hat passed over the ears of a 24 inch head. Judge McLean's head exceeded 23J inches. The heads of Washing- ton, Adams, and a thousand other celebrities, were also very large. Bright, apt, smart, literary, knowing, even eloquent men, etc., often 6 LARGE BRAINS AS AFFECTING MIND. nave onlv average, even moderate-sized heads, because endowed with the very highest organic quality, yet such are more admired than com- manding ; more brilliant than powerful ; more acute than profound. Though they may show off well in an ordinary sphere, yet they are not the men for great occasions ; nor have they that giant force of intel- lect which molds and sways nations and ages. The phrenological law is, that size, other things being equal, is a measure of power ; yet these other conditions, such as activity, power, motive, health, physiological habits, etc., increase or diminish the mentality even more than size. Quality is more important than quantity, but true greatness require* both cerebral quantity and quality. Still, those again who have very large heads, are sometimes dull, almost foolish, because their organic quality is lew. As far, then, as concerns Phrenology itself, this doctrine of size appertains to the dif- ferent organs in the same head, rather than to different heads. Still this doctrine, that size is the measure of power, is no more a special doctrine of Phrenology than of every other department of nature. And those who object to this science on this ground are objecting to a known law of things. If size were the only condition of power, their cavils mijrht be worthy of notice ; as it is, they are not. Though tape measurements, taken around the head, from Individ- uality to Philoprogenitiveness or Parental Love, give some idea of the size of the brain; the fact that some heads are round and others long, some low and others high, etc., so modifies these measurements that they do not convey any very correct idea of the actual quantity of brain. Yet these measurements range somewhat as follows in adults : — 7, or Very Large, 23J inches, and upward ; 6, or Large, from 22| to 23f ; 5, or Full, from 22 to 22| ; 4, or Average, from 21 J to 22 ; 3, or Moderate, from 20| to 21 J ; 2, or Small, from 20 to 201 ; 1, Below 20. Female heads are half an inch to an inch below these measure- ments. Those whose heads are — 7, or Very Large. — With quality good, are naturally great ; with quality and activity 6 or 7, and the intellectual organs 6 or 7, are a natural genius, a mental giant ; even without education, will surmount all disadvantages, learn with wonderful facility, sway mind, and be- come preeminent ; with the organs of practical intellect and the pro- pelling powers 6 or 7, will possess natural abilities of the first order; manifest a clearness and force of intellect which will astonish man- kind, and a power of feeling which will carry all before them ; and, with proper cultivation, become bright stars in the firmament of : ntel- LARGE BRAINS AS AFFECTING MIND. -7 lectuai greatness, upon which coming ages will gaze with delight and astonishment. With quality and activity 5 or 4, are great on great occasions, and, when thoroughly roused, manifest splendid talents, and naturally take the lead among men, otherwise not ; with activity or quality deficient, must cultivate much in order to become much. Large. — With activity and quality 6 or 7, combine great power of mind with great activity, exercise a commanding influence over other minds to sway and persuade, and enjoy and suffer in the ex- treme ; with perceptives 6, can conduct a large business or under- taking successfully, rise to eminence, if not preeminence, and evince great originality and power of intellect, strong native sense, superior •judgment, great force, of character and feeling, and make a conspic- uous and enduring mark on the intellectual or business world, or in whatever direction those superior capacities are put forth. With activity and quality 5, are endowed with superior natural talents, yet require strong incentives to call them out ; undeveloped by circum- ■ stances, may pass through life without accomplishing much, or attract- ing notice, or evincing more than ordinary parts ; but with the per- ceptive and forcible organs also 6, and talents disciplined and called out, manifest a vigor and energy far above mediocrity ; are adequate to carry forward great undertakings, demanding originality and force of mind and character, yet are rather indolent. With activity only average, possess considerable energy of intellect and feeling, yet sel- dom manifest it, unless brought out by some powerful stimulus, and are rather too indolent to exert, especially intellect. Full. — With quality or activity 6 or 7, and the organs of practical intellect and of the propelling powers large, or very large, although not really great in intellect, or deep, are very clever ; have consider- able talent, and that so distributed that it shows to be even more or better than it really is ; are capable of being a good scholar, doing a line business, and, with advantages and application, of becoming dis- tinguished somewhat, yet inadequate to great undertakings ; cannot /way an extensive influence, nor become really great, yet have excel- lent natural capacities ; with activity 4 or 5, will do tolerably well. ;nd manifest a common share of talent; with activity only S, wiu neither be nor do much worthy of notice. . Average. — With activity 6, manifest a quick, clear, sprightly mind, and off-hand talents; and are capable of doing a fair business, especially if the stamina is good ; with activity 7, and the organs of the propelling powers and of practical intellect 6 or 7, are capable o 6 PROOFS OP PHRENOLOGY. doing a good business, and possess fair talent, yet are not original or profound; are quick of perception; have a good practical understand- ing ; will do well in an ordinary business or sphere, yet never manifest greatness, and out of this sphere are commonplace; with activity only 4, discover only an ordinary amount of intellect; are indisposed and inadequate to any important undertaking; yet, in a common sphere, or one that requires only a mechanical routine of business, can do well; with moderate or small activity, will hardly accomplish or enjoy any- thing worthy of note. Moderate. — With quality, activity, and the propelling and per- ceptive faculties 6 or 7, possess an excellent intellect, yet are more showy than sound; with others to plan and direct, can execute to ad- vantage, yet are unable to do much alone ; have a very active mind, and are quick of perception, yet, after all, have a contracted intellect; possess only a fair mental calibre, and lack momentum, both of mind and character; with activity only 4, have but a moderate amount of intellect, and even this too sluggish for action, so as neither to suffer nor enjoy much; with activity 3 or 2, are dull, and hardly compos mentis. Small. — Are weak in character and inferior in intellect — indeed, simple or idiotic. This doctrine, that " size is a measure of power," is equally true of different groups of organs, and regions of the brain. Those who have a large forehead, with a deficient back and side-head, if of good tem- perament, will be deep, original thinkers, but lack force and energy of character; while those who have heavy base and back-head, with a smaller forehead, will possess energy, courage, passion, sociability, and vim, but lack intellectual capacity. But this point will be, eliminated hereafter. VII. Phrenology was discovered and established BY INDUCTION. 1. This is proved by the entire history of this science as a whole, and of each particular organ and faculty. No part of it rests on theory. In all its parts and details it is wholly a matter-of-fact science. And any one, by learning the locations and different forms of one or more of its organs, together with their phrenological func- tions, can test its truth — ascertain for himselt whether those noted for special mental gifts or proclivities have or have not the corre- sponding phrenological developments. ESTABLISHED BY INDUCTION". 9 2. All men and animals, as compared with one another, prove that Phrenology expresses a natural ordinance and fact. Man and animals are fashioned upon the same general principles, analogous functions in each being performed by similar organs. Thus all men and all ani- mals see by means of eyes and light, resupply nutrition by means of one common organism, the digestive, all move by muscles, etc. There- fore, if Phrenology is true of any, it must of course be true of all. And *beir respective Phrenologies, contrasted with one another, and taken in connection with their respective instincts, must needs show tihather all were or were not constructed upon phrenological princi- ples. What, then, are the facts ? Phrenology locates the animal propensities at the sides of the head, between and around the ears ; the social affections in its back and lower portion ; the aspiring faculties in its CROWN ; the moral on its top, and the intellectual in the forehead ; the perceptives, which relate us to matter, over the eyes ; and the reflectives, in the upper part of the forehead. (See cut No. 102.) Now, since brutes possess at least only weak moral and reflective faculties, they should, if Phrenology were true, have little top-head, and thus it. is. Not one of all the following drawings of animals have much brain in either the reflective or moral region. Almost all their mentality consists of the animal propensities, and nearly all their brain is found between and around their ears, just where, ac- cording to Phrenology, it should be. Yet the skulls of all human be- ings rise high above the eyes and ears, and are long on top, that is, have full intellectual and moral organs, as we know they possess these No 102. — Grouping of Organs. No. 103. — Human Skull. 10 PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. mental elements. Compare the accompanying human skull with those of brutes. Those of snakes, frogs, turtles, alligators, etc., slope straight back from the nose ; that is, have almost no moral or intelleo No. 104. — Snake. No. 105. — Turtle. tual organs ; tigers, dogs, lions, etc., have a little more, yet how insig- nificant compared with man, while monkeys are between them in both these organs and their faculties. Here, then, is inductive proof of Phrenology as extensive as the whole brute creation on the one hand, contrasted with the entire human family on the other. Again, Destructiveness is located by Phrenology over the ears, so as to render the head wide in proportion as this organ is developed. Ac- DESTRUCTIVENESS LARGE. No. 106. — Hyena — side view. No. 107. — Hyena — back view. cordingly, all carnivorous animals should be wide-headed at the ears all herbivorous, narrow. And thus they are, as seen in tigers, hyenas, bears, cats, foxes, ichneumons, etc., compared with rabbits, sheep, etc. Contrast cuts 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, and 119, with 110, 111, and 120. No. 109. — back view No. 108. — Beak — top view. ESTABLISHED BY INDUCTION. DESTRUCTIVENESS SMALL. 11 No. 110.— Sheep — top view. No. 111.— Rabbit — side view- To large Destructiveness, cats, foxes, ichneumons, etc., add large Secretiveness, both in character and head. SECRETIVENESS AND DESTRUCTITENESS BOTH LARGE. No. 1U.— Do.-- BACK VIEW. So. 112. — Fox — side view. No. 113. — Ichneumon — SIDE VIEW. No. 115. — Cat — BACK VIEW. No. 116. — Cat — SIDE VIEW. No. 117. — Tiger — top view. ' Fowls correspond perfectly in head and character with phrenology cal requisitions. Thus, owls, hawks, eagles, etc., have very wide heads No. 118. — Owl. No. 119.— Hawk. No. 120. — Hkn. No. 121. — Crow 12 PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. and ferocious dispositions ; while hens, turkeys, etc., have narrow heads, and little Destructiveness in character. (Cuts 118, 119, 120, and 121.) The crow (cut 121) has very large Secretiveness and Cautiousness in the head, as it is known to have in character. Monkeys, too, bear additional testimony to the truth of phrenological Bcience. They possess in character, strong perceptive powers, but weak refleetives, powerful propensities, and feeble moral elements. Accord- ingly, they are full over the eyes, but slope straight back at the reason- ing and moral organs, while the propensities engross most of their brain. The orang-outang has more forehead — larger intellectual organs, both perceptive and reflective — than any other animal, with some of the moral sentiments, and accordingly is called the "half rea- soning man," its phrenology corresponding perfectly n ' _ with its character. No. 122. — Intelli- gent Monkey. No. 123 — Orang-Outang. PERCEPTIVES LARGER THAN REFLECTIVES. The various races also accord with phrenological science. Thus Africans generally have full perceptives, and large Tune and Lan guage, but retiring Causality, and accordingly possess less reasoning capacity, yet have excellent memories and lingual and musical powers Indians possess extraordinary strength of propensities and perceptives but moderate moral or inventive power ; and, hence, have very wide round, conical and rather low heads, but are large over the eyes. ESTABLISHED BY INDUCTION. 13 Indian skulls can always be selected. from Caucasian, just by these de- velopments ; whiie the Caucasian race is superior in reasoning power and moral elevation to all the other races, and accordingly, has a higher and bolder forehead, and a more elevated and elongated top head. No. 124. — African. No. 125. — Indian Chief. • Finally, contrast the massive foreheads of all giant-minded men — Bacons, Franklins, Miltons, etc., with the low, retiring foreheads of idiots. In short, every human, every brutal head, is constructed LARGE AND SMALL INTELLECTUAL REGION. No. 1 26. — Bacon. No. 127. — Idiot. throughout strictly on phrenological principles. Ransack air, earth, and water, and not one palpable exception ever has been, ever can be, adduced. This wholesale view of this science precludes the possi- bility of mistake. Phrenology is therefore a PART and parcel of tfATURE —A UNIVEFSAL FACT. 14 PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. VIII. The states of all organs and functions are in recip- rocal rapport. In the very nature and fitness of things the correspondence between all organs and their functions must be and is complete. That is, the states of all organs and of their respective functions must be reciprocal. What means it that the stomach is the organ of digestion, but that all the states of this organ correspond with those of its functions ? How could the eye be the organ of vision unless all the changing states of this eye similarly affect the sight? How could poor eyes execute good functions, or good eyes poor functions ? And thus of all the other organic and functional states. Thus, whenever Nature would put forth power of function, she does so by means of power in the organ which puts it forth. And so of quickness, and all other func- tional conditions. Thus the office of wood is to rear aloft that stupen- dous tree-top, and hold it there in spite of all the surgings of powerful winds upon its vast canvas of trunk, limbs, leaves, and fruit. Now this requires an immense amount of power, especially considering the great mechanical disadvantage involved. This power Nature supplies, not by bulk, because this, by consuming her material and space, would prevent her making many trees, whereas her entire policy is to form all the trees she can ; but by rendering the organic texture of wood as solid and powerful as its function is potential. And the more solid its structure, the more powerful its function, as seen in comparing oak with pine, and lignum vitas with poplar. But, letting this single ex- ample suffice to illustrate this law, which obtains throughout the entire vegetable kingdom, let us apply it to the animal. The elephant, one of the very strongest of beasts, is so powerful in dermis, muscle, bone, and entire structure, that bullet after bullet shot at him, flatten, and fall, harmless at his feet. The lion, too, is as strong in texture as in function. Only those who know from observation can form any adequate idea of the wiry toughness of those muscles and tendons which bind his head to his body, or of the solidity of his bones ; corresponding with the fact that, seizing a bullock in his monster jaw, he dashes with him through jungle and over ravine, as a cat would handle a squirrel. And when h^ roars, a city trembles. The struc- tures of the white and grizzly bear, of the tiger, hyena, and all pow- erful animals, and, indeed, of all weak ones, in like manner correspond equally with their functions. All quickness of function is put forth Dy quick-acting organs, all slowness by the slow ; and thus of all or ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS IN RAPPORT. 15 gans and functions throughout every phase and department of universal Sfe and nature. Indeed, in and by the very nature of things this correspondence must exist. For how could weak organs possibly put forth powerful functions, or slow organs quick functions ? In short, this correspondence between organic conditions and functions is fixed and absolute — is necessary, not incidental, — is universal, not par- tial, — is a relation of cause and effect, and governs every organ and function throughout universal life and nature. Governs you and I, reader. And in all our functions. If, in the plenitude of Divine Wisdom, man had been created a purely mental being, he would have needed no body, and could not have used one ; whereas, instead, he has been created a compound being, composed of both body and mind. Nor are those seemingly opposite entities strangers to each other. Instead, they are inter-related by ties of the most perfect reciprocity — so perfect that every conceivable condition of either reciprocally affects the other. How can weak muscles put forth strength, or a sluggish brain manifest mental activity ? Hence, to become great, one must first become strong — and in the special organs in whose functions he would excel. Would you become great mentally, then first become strong cerebrally. Or, would you render that darling boy a great man, first make him a powerful animal. Not that all powerful animals are great men, but that all great men are, and must needs be, powerful animals. Our animal nature is the basis of all our mental and moral functions. It so is in the very consti- tution of things, that mind can be put forth only in and by its material organism, and is strong or weak, quick or sluggish, as its organism is either. HEREDITARY ORGANISM AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. Hereditary organic quality is the first, basilar, and all-potent con- dition of all power of function, all happiness, all everything. This is congenital — is imparted by the parentage along with life itself, of which it is the paramount condition and instrumentality. It depends mainly on the original nature of the parents, yet partly also on their existing states of body, mind, and health, their mutual love or want of it, and on other like primal life-conditions and causes. It lies behind and below, and is infinitely more potential than education and all associations and surrounding circumstances, — is, in short, what ren- ders the grain cereal, the oak oaken, fish fishy, fox foxy, swine swin- «sh, tiger tigerish, and man human. See this whole subject fully dis- cussed in the author's new work entitled " The Family." ORGANIC CONDITIONS Each creature much resembles a galvanic battery, and its life-force depends mainly on how that battery works. And this on those con- genital conditions which establish life — a subject infinitely important, and generally overlooked, but treated fully in " Supplement to ' the family' " or " Offspring and their Hereditary Endowment." These organic conditions cannot well be described, hardly engraved, Vmt are easily perceived by a practiced eye. They are quite analogous to temperament, on which little has yet been written, but lie behind and below all temperaments — are, indeed, their determining cause. Some Df their signs are coarseness and fineness of hair, skin, color, form, notion, general tone of action and mental operation, etc. A com- parison of the following engravings of Fanny Forester with the idiot Emerson will give some outline idea of this point. A still better is found in comparing man with animal. In fact, the main differ- ences between vegetables and animals, as compared among one another, and all as compared with man, and different men as com- pared with each other, as well as the entire style and cast of char- acter and sentiment, everything, is consequent on these organic conditions — in short, is what we call "bottom" in the horse, " the blood " in those high and nobly No. 128. — Fanny Forester. ►iced" in full-blooded animals, and born. Those marked 1 7. — Are preeminently tine-grained, pure-minded, ethereal, senti- mental, refined, high-toned, intense in emotion, full of human nature, most exquisitely susceptible to impressions of all kinds, most poetic in temperament, lofty in aspiration, and endowed with wonderful intui- tion as to truth, what is right, best, etc.; are unusually developed in the interior, or spirit-life, and far above most of those with whom they come in contact, and hence find few congenial spirits, and are neither understood nor appreciated ; when sick, suffer inexpressibly, and if children, are precocious — too smart, too good to live, and absolutely must be treated physiologically, or die early. 1 Hereafter, the words * those marked" will be omitted, and the description Degin "7 --Are," etc. AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 17 6. — Are like 7, only less so; are finely organized^ delicate, suscep- tible, emotional, pure-minded, intellectual, particular, and aspiring after a high state of excellence; full of human nature, and true to its intuitions and instincts; have a decided predominance of the mental over the physical; are able and inclined to lead excellent human lives, and capable of manifesting a high order of the human virtues. 5. — Are more pre-inclined to the good than bad, to ascend than de- scend in the human scale; can, by culture, make excellent men ani wom^n, but require it; and should .^pf^^k avoid those habits which clog or deprave the mental manifestations, and, to attain superiority, must u strive for it." 4. — Are simply fair in organic tone; are good under good sur- roundings, but can be misled; must avoid all deteriorating habits and causes, spirits and tobacco, bad associates, etc.; assiduously cultivate the pure and good, and study to discipline intellect, as well as purify the passions, and rely the more on culture and a right physi- ological life, because the hereditary endowment is simply fair. 3. — Are rather 'lacking in or- No " 129—Emekson, an Idiot. ganic quality, and better adapted to labor than study; rather sluggish mentally, and given to this world's pleasures; had but a commonplace parentage; need to be strictly temperate in all things, and avoid all forms of temptation, vulgar associates in particular, and make up by the more assiduous cultivation what has been withheld by nature. 2. — Are coarse grained in structure and sentiment, and both vulgar and non-intellectual; had poor parental conditions; are low, grovel- ing, and carnal, as well as obtuse in feeling and intellect ; are poorly organized, and incapable of high attainments; hence restrain the pas- sions, and cultivate intellect and the virtues as much as possible, and especially avoid alcoholic liquors, tobacco, and low associates. 1. — Are really foolish, and non compos mentis. To Cultivate. — First, guard against all perversion of the facul ties, all forms of intemperance, tobacco, over-eating, pork, rich pastry, 2 18 ORGANIC CONDITIONS especial!)' late suppers ; be much of the time in th« open air ; work and exercise abundantly; bathe daily, and keep the body in just as good condition as possible; mingle with the high and good; exercise all the faculties assiduously, in the best possible manner, and in strict accordance with their natural functions; cultivate a love of nature, art, beauties, and perfections — in short, encourage the good, true, and right, and avoid the bad. To Restrain. — Cultivate a love of the terrestrial — of this world, its pleasures and luxuries, — for you require annualizing. You live too much in the ideal. Live more with the actual and tangible. Cal- lous yourself against much that now abrades your finer sentiments, and shrink not from contact with those not quite up to your standard. You are adapted to a more advanced state Of humanity, but should come down to the present and material. Above all, do not be too fastidious, qualmish, or whimmy, but make the best of what is ; cling to life, and enamor yourself of its objects and pleasures. Closely related to these organic conditions is — HEALTH — ITS VALUE, CONDITIONS, AND RESTORATION. Health consists in the normal and vigorous exercise of all the phys ical functions, and disease in their abnormal action. Health is pleas urable, disease painful. Health is life, for life consists in the normal action of those same functions in which health consists. And to im- prove health is to increase life itself, and all its pleasures. Some writer has appropriately defined health thus: — Planting your foot upon the green sward, looking around, and yield- ing yourself to whatever feelings naturally arise, health is proportion- ate to that buoyant, jubilant, exhilarating, ecstatic feeling which super- venes. It is to all our functions what motive power is to machinery — sets them off with a rush and a bound. It both makes us happy, and causes everything else to increase that happiness. But disease renders us miserable, and turns everything around us into occasion of misery. It both weakens and perverts our mental be- ing. Indeed, health is the quintessence of every earthly good— dis- ease of every terrestrial evil. Poor indeed is he, however rich in money, in honors, in office, in everything else whatsoever, whose health is poor ; for how can he enjoy his dollars and honors ? But rich in- deed is he who is healthy, however poor in money, for he enjoys what- soever he has or is. A rich man may, indeed, purchase a luxuriant dinner, but without health does not, cannot relish it ; whereas a poor man, with health, enjoys even a dry crust. AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 19 The rich need health to enjoy their riches ; the poor doubly, in *rder to prevent becoming poorer. But to be poor and sickly is the uttermost of human evil. Nor can the poor afford to be sick ; for their health is their a//, to themselves and families. Nor should they allow any thing whatsoever to impair it, but make health paramount. Even the very talents of men depend mainly on health. Is not the brain confessedly the organ of the mind ? Now, what means it, that the brain is the organ of the mind, but that all its conditions similarly affect the mentality ? And since all the states of the body and brain act reciprocally — consequent on that vast network of nerves which ramify throughout every part and parcel of the body, and terminate in the brain, — of course all existing conditions of the body similarly affect these nerves, and thereby the brain, and therefore the mind, rendering all the states of either body or mind reciprocal with those of the other. Is the body sick, or weak, or exhausted, or inflamed, or sleepy, or ex- hilarated, is not the mind equally so ? Then to originate great thoughts, or to conceive pure and exalted sentiments, must not the brain be in a vigorous state ? And in order to acquire cerebral vigor, must not all the bodily functions be equally vigorous ? And to this end, must not those health-laws which cause this vigor be observed ? Of what avail the learning of the sickly scholar, the talents of the invalid, or the goodness of the pious dyspeptic ? They can do nothing, can enjoy nothing — are but burdens to themselves and friends. Can we think, or remember, or study without that energy furnished by the body ? No more than move machinery without motive power. How, then, can that boy become a great or learned man without possessing physi- cal vigor ? Or that delicate and beautiful girl a capable or good woman, wife, or mother without possessing animal vigor? Let it be forever and everywhere remembered, that both judgment and memory, reason and poetry, eloquence and philosophy, even morality and relig- ion, all the virtues and all the vices — in short, one and all of the hu- man functions, are carried forward by animal power. Even the very sensual pleasures of the debauchee are exercised by this very animal force, and grow weak when and because it declines. And as physical power depends on the observance of certain physical laws, the viola- te.! of which weakens both body and mind, of course the first duty of *Y2ry human being to himself and Creator — of parents to their chil- dren, of ministers to people, writer to reader, and one to all — is to ~- 20 ORGANIC CONDITIONS LEARN AXD OBEY THE HEALTH LAWS. And on this point is just where our whole educational system — cot legiate especially — is radically defective. It eclipses more genius by weakening the body than it eliminates by study. Children are always smarter and better relatively than adults, because injured by that false educational system which impairs mind, memory, and morals by break- ing down good physical constitutions. The Romans appropriately named their schools " gymnasia," from those muscular exercises which both formed their leading feature, and secured a strong mind, by strengthening the body. Our schools and colleges are, and will con tinue to be, fundamentally defective, till remodeled upon the basis of health as a means of scholarship and talents. Nor intellect merely, but our very morals and piety, depend on health. Can we even pray or worship without vitality ? And what is more, the very vices of mankind are consequent mainly on the infringe- ment of the physical laws. Hereditary conditions in parents cause depravity in their children ; yet even they do it by deranging the body. It is what men eat and drink, it is how they live, sleep, etc., it is their physiological conditions and habits, that cause nine-tenths of human depravity. Are not both children and adults depraved when cross, and cross because sick ; that is, rendered sinful by being unwell ? Who does not know that drunk- enness engenders depravity — makes the best men bad V But why, and how ? By disordering the body. And since by alcohol, why not by tobacco, gluttony, and every other wrong physical state? Are not drunkenness and debauchery concomitants ? Are not dyspeptics al- ways irritable ? The truth is, that all abnormal physical action causes abnormal mental action, which is sin. To become good and answer the end of their being, men must live right, must learn to eat right, and sleep, exercise, bathe, breathe, etc., in accordance with nature's requi- sitions. And nine-tenths of the sinfulness of mankind has this purely physical origin, and can be cured by physical means. Health is the natural state of man, animal, vegetable, all that lives — is the ultimate of life. Like all else in nature, it has its laws ; and these laws obeyed, will render it perfect from birth to death. It even requires immense violation of these laws seriously to impair it. Bird and beast are rarely unhealthy, except when rendered sickly by man Has our benevolent Creator granted this greatest of boons to beasts, but denied it to man ? No. None need ever be sick, for there are AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 21 health laws, which, if obeyed, guarantee the very perfection of health To become sickly is foolish ; for it cuts off every pleasure, and induces every ill — is even wicked, for it is consequent only on a violation of the laws of our being, and all violation of law is sin. And the health laws are as much laws of God — written by his finger on our very con- stitution — as the Decalogue. In short, none have any right to be sick. Jt is alike the privilege, as it is the sacred duty of one and all to be and keep well ; that is, to observe the health laws. And of parent? to keep their children well. EXISTING STATES OF HEALTH, AND ITS IMPROVEMENT. While this condition has a most important influence on both the quantity and quality of all the mental manifestations, yet to mark it correctly, without aid from those examined, is exceedingly difficult. It may seem good, when actually poor, because its functions may be ex- hilarated by inflammation, which both perverts and weakens ; or it may seem much poorer than it really is, because of merely temporary debil- ity, while the heart's core remains sound. But its serious impairment leaves all the functions, phrenological included, proportionally less vigo- rous than the sizes of their organs indicate. Those who have health — 7. — Are full to overflowing with life, buoyancy, light-heartedness, and ecstasy ; are strong and lively ; enjoy food, sleep, action, nature, all the physical functions, to the highest degree; rarely ever have a pain or ache, or become tired ; can do and endure almost any and every- thing ; withstand miasma and disease remarkably; recuperate readily; experience a certain gush, glow, vivacity, and briskness in the action of all the faculties ; as well as the highest and most perfect flow and exercise of each of the life-functions. 6. — Are healthy and happy ; exercise all the organs with vigor and power; turn everything into pleasure, and dash off trouble as if a mere trifle, and yet can endure any amount of pain and exposure ; feel jubi- lant and joyous year in and year out ; and do everything easily, all the functions being condensed and hearty, and the whole being full of snap and life. 5. — Have a good, full share of life-force, vigor, and vivacity — of health, happiness, desire and ability to perform, enjoy, and accomplish ; can stand a good deal, but must not go too far, and have sufficient stamina for all practical purposes, but none to spare or waste foolishly. 4. — Have fair, average health, if it is well cared for, yet are some- times subject to ailments ; are in the main healthy and happy, but "Z ORGANIC CONDITIONS must live regularly ; experience rather a tame, mechanical action of ail the faculties, instead of that zest and rapture imparted by perfect health ; can accomplish and enjoy much, but must take things leisure- ly ; if careful, can live and wear on a long while yet, but if careless, are liable to break down suddenly and finally ; and become irritable, dissatisfied, dull, forgetful, and easily fatigued, and must cherish what health remains. 3. — Are deficient in animation and recuperative power, and feel tired and good for nothing most of the time ; with activity 6 or 7 are constantly overdoing, and working up in mental or physical action those energies which ought to go to the restoration of health, not to labor ; need abundance of rest and recreation, and give out at once if deprived of sleep ; must stop all unnecessary vital drains, such as chewing, smoking, drinking, late hours, and all forms of dissipation, and should manufacture all the vitality possible, but expend the least. 2. — Are weakly, sickly, and inert ; feeble in desire and effort ; ca- pable of enduring and enjoying but little ; live a monotonous, listless, care-for-nothing, half-dead-and-alive life, and must either restore health or give up, and enjoy comparatively nothing. 1. — Have barely life enough to keep soul and body together ; are just alive, and have almost lost life's pleasures, powers, desires, and aspirations. To Cultivate. — First ascertain what causes your disease or de- bility ; if heart, lungs, muscles, stomach, etc., are marked low, apply special culture to the weak organs — see the cultivation of each, — and assiduously study the health laws, and conscientiously fulfill them, making everything else subservient thereto. Especially take extra pains to supply vitality, but waste none in any form of excess. 1 Restrain You Need Not. — Health cannot be too good. When, however, you find a surplus of animal vigor, work it up in one or another of life's ends and efforts. The Temper aments. This term has long been employed to designate certain physical con* stitutions as indicative of certain mental characteristics. The idea expressed in our definition of " hereditary organism " is quite like that of the temperaments. They were formerly classified thus : The ner- 1 For a complete and detailed view of health-culture, see the Author's new work, entitled — "Health: its Value, Natural Laws, Conditions, Preservation, and ileotoration ; including the Organism, the Temperaments " etc. AS AFFECTING MENTALITY 23 vous, indicated by light complexion, large brain, and smaller stature, And indicating superior talents, refinement, and scholarship ; the bil- ious, indicated by dark complexion, large bones, powerful muscles, prominent features, and a large and spare form, and indicating a supposed surplus of bile, irritability, violence of passion, and melan- choly, along with strength of character ; the sanguine, indicated by a florid complexion, sandy hair, blue eyes, fullness of person, and abun- dance of blood, and indicating warmth, ardor, impulsiveness, and lia- bility to passional excesses ; and the lymphatic, indicated by full, ple- thoric habit, distended abdomen, excessive adipose deposit, and indi- cating a good, cosy, lax, enjoying disposition, with a stronger proclivity to sensuous pleasures, rather than intellect or action of any kind. But this classification is practically discarded, without its place having been supplied. The doctrine of the temperaments in full remains unwritten. Meanwhile we propound the following CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITIONS. Man is composed physically of three great classes of organs, the pre- dominance or deficiency of each of which is called a predominant or deficient temperament, each giving a particular form to the body — - shape being its index, — and likewise a particular set of phrenological developments, and consequent traits of character. That is, given forms of body indicate and accompany special talents, dispositions, and mental proclivities ; and the art in delineating phrenological character depends in a great degree on reading correctly the temperaments and organic conditions, and their controlling iniluences on character ; for they exert, as it were, the ground-swell as to the direction and action of the phrenological manifestations. Thus Causality, with the vital temperament predominant, takes on the phase of planning, of common sense, of reasoning on matter, of adapting ways and means to ends, etc. But with the nervous or mental predominant, the same sized Causality manifests itself in logic, metaphysics, investigation, the origination of ideas, in intellectual clearness and power, etc. And it requires the sharpest eye and clearest head in the examiner to discern the bearings and influences of these temperamental and organic conditions on the intellectual and moral manifestations. And the mistakes of amateurs, of connoisseurs even, are more temperamental than phrenological. Still they are sometimes consequent on health conditions. Thus the same person in one state of health is irritable, violent, passional, per- haps even sensual and wicked, who in another physical condition is 24 ORGANIC CONDITIONS amiable, even-tempered, moral, and good. A given amount of ideal- ity is much more ideal, of language much more expressive, of the af- fections more affectional, and moral tone more lofty, in combination with the mental temperament than vital. But our proposed limits dc not allow us to extend our observations. Still, the following descrip- tions give the outline, and put inquirers on the track of further obser- vations. The Vital Temperament. This embraces the heart, lungs, stomach, liver, bowels, and that entire system of internal organs which creates life-force. It is very lame in William G. Hall. No. 130. — William G. Hall. The large end of a good egg is warmer than its other parts, because its vitality resides there ; but, this cold, life is extinct. Incubate it a short time, and break the shell at this end, and you will find the heart palpitating and blood-vessels formed — the yolk furnishing the required nutrition. The vital apparatus forms first, and deposits the material for forming the other portions ; is more active during juvenility than AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 25 the other parts ; sustains the whole animal economy: is the source of all power and energy; creates animal heat ; resists cold and heat, dis- ease and death ; and resupplies muscle, brain, and nerve with that life power expended by their every exertion. It is to the man what fire, fuel, water, and steam are to machinery — the vis animce, the primum mobile — the first great prerequisite of life itself and all ts functions. Its ^decided predominance is accompanied by a rouad head, well developed at the base, large Ainativeness, Acquisitiveness, Alimentive- ness, Benevolence, and Language ; large organs of the animal propen- sities generally ; a rapid widening of the head from the corners of the eyes to the tips of the ears ; side-head spherical and well filled out ; forehead generally full or square, and broad rather than high ; percep- tive organs large, and all the organs short and broad rather than long or pointed. 7. — Are fleshy ; short and broad built ; stocky ; deep and large chested ; broad and round shouldered ; impetuous ; impulsive : enthu- siastic ; hearty ; good livers ; fond of meats, condiments, stimulants, and animal pleasures ; have a strong, steady pulse ; large lungs and nostrils ; a full habit ; florid complexion ; flushed face ; light or sandy hair or whiskers ; sound and well-set teeth; great endurance of fatigue, privation, and exposure; great love of fresh air, out-of-door exercise, and physical action, but not of hard work ; a restlessness which can not endure in-door confinement, but must be abroad, and constantly doing something ; great zeal, ardor of desire, and more practical com- mon sense than book-learning; more general knowledge of men and things than accurate scientific attainment ; more shrewdness and off- hand talent than depth ; more availability than profundity ; and love of pleasure than power of thought. 6. — Are like 7, though not in as great extremes ; generally fleshy and of good size and height, if not large; well-proportioned; broad- shouldered ; muscular; prominent and strongly-marked in features ; coarse and homely ; stern and harsh ; strong, but often awkward, and seldom polished; best adapted to some laborious occupation, and enjoy bard work more than books or literary pursuits ; have great power of feeling, and thus require much self-government; possess more talent than they can exhibit to others ; manifest mind more in business, in creating resources and managing matters, than in literary pursuits, or mind as such ; prefer some light, stirring, active business, but dislike drudgery; turn everything, especially bargains, to good account; look out for self; get a full share of what is to be had; feel and act out. 26 ORGANIC CONDITIONS "every man for himself," and are selfish enough, yet abound in good feeling; incline to become agents, overseers, captains, hotel keepers, butchers, traders, speculators, politicians, public officers, aldermen, contractors, etc., rather than anything requiring steady or hard work* and are usually healthy, yet very sick when attacked, brought at oncu to the crisis, and predisposed to gout, fevers, apoplexy, congestion of the brain, etc. 5. — Have a good share of life-force, yet none to spare ; withstand a good deal, yet must not waste vitality, and should live in a way ta improve it. 4. — Have sufficient vitality to sustain life, and impart a fair share of energy to the functions, but by no means sufficient to put forth their full power, and should make its culture a first life-object. 3. — Are rather weakly and feeble ; often half prostrated by a feel- ing of languor and lassitude; can keep doing about all the time if slow, and careful not to overdo, the liability to which is great when Activity is 6 or 7; need much rest; cannot half work, or enjoy either body or mind; suffer much from fatigue and exhaustion, and would be glad to do, but hardly feel able. 2. — Are too weak and low to be able either to do, enjoy, or accom- plish much; should both give the vital organs every possible facility for action, and also husband every item of vitality; be extremely careful not to overwork, and spend much time in listless, luxuriating ease, while nature restores the wanting vitality. 1. — Are almost dead from sheer inanition. To Cultivate. — Ascertain which of the vital organs is deficient, and take all possible pains to improve its action; see directions for in- creasing the action of the heart, lungs, stomach, etc. ; alternate with rest and exercise; " away with melancholy," banish sadness, trouble, and all gloomy associations, and cul^vate buoyancy and light-heart- edness; enjoy the present, and make fife a glorious holiday instead of a weary drudgery ; if engaged in any confining business, break up this monotony by taking a long leave of absence — a trip to Lake Superior, California, or Europe, a long journey, by horticulture, or parties, or frolicking with children; by going into young and lively society, and exercising the affections; bringing about as great a change cis possible in all your habits and associations. Especially cultivate % love of everything beautiful and lovely in nature, as well as study her philosophies ; bear patiently what you must, but enjoy all you can ; keep doing all you are able, but other things than formerly, and what AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 2" interests you. You should watch and follow your intuitions or instincts and if you feel a special craving for any kind of food or pleasure, in flulge it. Especially be regular in sleep, exercise, eating, and all the vital functions, as well as be temperate in all things. Above all keep your mind toned up to sustain the body. Aid your weak organs by will-power, that is, bring a strong will to aid digestion, breathing, etc., and keep yourself up thereby. Determine that you wonH give up to weakness or death, but will live on and keep doing in spite of debility and disease. Fight life's battles like a true hero, and keep the head cool by temperance; the feet warm by exercise; the pores and evacuations open by ablution and laxative food; and heart warm by cherishing a love of life and its pleasures. And don't fail to keep up a gentle pounding and frequent brisk rubbing of chest, abdomen, and feet, so as to start the mechanical action of the visceral organs. Nothing equals this for revivifying dormant or exhausted vitality, and none are too poor or too much occupied to avail themselves of it. To Restrain. — Those who manufacture vitality faster than they expend it, are large in the abdomen ; too corpulent ; even obese ; often oppressed for breath; surcharged with organic material; too sluggish to expend vitality as fast as it accumulates, and hence should work, work, work, early and late, and with all their might, and as much as possible with their muscles and out-of-doors ; should eat sparingly, and of simple food; avoid rich gravies, butter, sweets, fat, and pastry, but live much on fruits; sleep little; keep all the excre- tory organs free and open by an aperient diet, and especially the skin by frequent ablutions, the hot bath, etc.; breathe abundantly, so as to burn up the surplus carbon; sit little, but walk much; never yield to indolence; work up energy by hands and head, business and pleas- ure, any way, every way, but ksep consuming vitality as fast as pos- sible. Some fleshy persons, esp2cialJy females, give up to indolence, and inanity; get "the blues," aid lounge on rocking-chair and bed. What is wanted is to do, not to oiter around. Inertia is your bane, and action your cure. If flush 3d, feverish, nervous, etc., be careful not to overdo, and rely on air, warm bath, and gentle but continued exercise, active or passive, but not on medicines. THE LUNGS — BREATHING. All that lives, down even tc vegetables and trees, breathes ; must wreathe in order to live; live in proportion as they breathe ; begin life's firet function with breathing, and end its last with their last 28 ORGANIC CONDITIONS breattiu And breathing is th<, most inqr.rtant f'u ction c. life from first to list, because the grand stimulrtor jmd sustalner of ai*. Would you ge'; and keep warm when cold, breathe copiously, for this increases that eaibonic consumption all through the system which creates all animal warmth. Would you cool off and keep cool in hot weather, deep, copious breathing will burst open all those myriads of pores, each of which, by converting the water in the system into perspira- tion, casts out heat, and refreshes mind and body. Would you labor long and hard, v'^h intellect or muscle, without exhaustion or injury, breathe abundantly ; for breath is the great reinvigorator of life and all its functions. Would you keep well, breath is your great preven- tive of fevers, of consumption, of " all the ills that flesh is heir to." Would you break up fevers, or colds, or unload the system of morbid matter, or save both your constitution and doctor's fee, cover up warm, drink soft water — cold, if you have a robust constitution, suf- ficient to produce a reaction ; if not, use hot water — then breathe, breathe, breathe, just as fast and as much as possible of fresh air, and in a few hours you can " forestall and prevent " the worst attack of disease you ever can have; for this will both unload disease at every pore of skin and lungs, and infuse into the system that vis animoc which will both grapple with and expel disease in all its forms, and restore health, strength, and life. Nature has no panacea like it. Try the experiment, and it will revolutionize your condition. And the longer you try, the more it will regenerate your body and your mind. Even if you have the blues, deep breathing will soon dispel them, especially if you add vigorous exercise. Would you even put forth your greatest mental exertions in speaking or writing, keep your lungs clear up to their fullest, liveliest action. Would you even breathe forth your highest, holiest orisons of thanksgiving and worship deepening your inspiration of fresh air will likewise deepen and quicken your divine inspiration. Nor can even bodily pleasures be fully enjoyed except in and by copious breathing. In short, deep, copious breathing is the alpha and omega of all physical, and thereby of all mental and moral function and enjoyment. 7 and 6. — Have either a full, broad, round c^iest, or a deep one, or both ; breathe freely, but rat jer slcH r; fiU 'V lungs clear up full at every inspiration, tx «d empf > them tred out at ^very expiration; are warm, even to the extremities; red-faced; elastic; buoyant; rarely ever subject to colds, and cast them off readily; feel buoyant and ani- mated, and are thus capable of great vigor in all the functions, physical and mental. AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 29 5 and 4. — Are neither pale nor flushed, neither ardent nor cold v Dut a little above medium in these respects, and somewhat liable to colds. 3. — Breathe little, and mainly with the top of the lungs ; move the chest but little in breathing, and the abdomen less, perhaps none at all; are often pale, yet sometimes flushed because feverish; fre- quently do and should draw in long breaths ; are quite liable to colds and coughs, which should be broken up at once, or they may induce consumption; often have blue veins and goose-flesh, and are frequently tired, listless, and sleepy, and should take particular pains to increase lung action. 2. — Are strongly predisposed to lung diseases ; have blue veins and sallow complexion, and are very subject to coughs and colds; are often dull, and always tired; frequently catch a long breath, which should be encouraged by making all the breaths long and frequent; are predisposed to consumptive diseases, but can stave them off, pro- vided proper means are adopted; break up colds as soon as they ap- pear, and take particularly good care of health. 1. — Have barely lung action enough to live, and every function of body or mind is poorly performed. To Cultivate. — First and mainly breathe deeply and rapidly; that is, draw long and full breaths; fill your lungs clear up full at every inspiration, and empty them out completely at every expira- tion ; not only heave the chest in breathing, but work the abdomen. To do this, dress loosely and sit erect, so that the diaphragm can have full play ; begin and keep up any extra exertion with extra lung ac* tion; often try how many deep and full breaths you can take ; venti- late your rooms, especially sleeping apartments, well, and be much of the time in the open air; take walks in brisk weather, with special reference to copious respiration; and everywhere try to cultivate full and frequent lung inflation, by breathing clear out, clear in, and low down ; that is, make all your breathing as when taking a long breath. THE CIRCULATION. " For the blood thereof is the life thereof." The blood is the great porter of the system; carries all the material with which to build up and repair every part, and hurries off all the waste material, which it expels through lungs and skin. And the heart is one circulatory instrumentality. Without heart, 3ven lungs would be of no account, nor heart without lungs. They SO ORGANIC CONDITIONS are twin brothers, are co-workers at the very fountain-head of life and all its energies. Even diseased organs are unloaded of morbid matter, reanimated, and rebuilt mainly by blood. Blood good or poor, the whole system, brain and mind included, is in a good or poor con- dition; but blood wanting, all is wanting; heart poor, all is poor; heart improved, all is improved. 7 and 6. — Have an excellent and uniform circulation, and warm hands, feet, and skin ; never feel chilly ; withstand cold and heat well ; perspire freely ; have a slow, strong, steady pulse, and are not liable to sickness. 5 and 4. — Have a fair, yet not remarkably good, circulation, and generally, though not always, warm hands and feet ; are not much pinched by cold ; perspire tolerably freely, yet better if more ; and need to promote circulation, at least not impede it. 3. — Have but poor circulation, along with uneasiness and palpita- tion of the heart ; are subject to cold hands and feet, headache, and a dry or clammy skin ; find the heart to beat quicker and stronger when drawing than expiring breath ; are chilled by cold, and overcome by hot, weather ; are subject to palpitation of the heart on any extra ex- ertion, walking fast or up stairs, or a sudden startle, etc., and very much need to equalize and promote the circulation. 2. — Have weak circulatory functions, and either a fluttering pulse, very fast and very irregular, or it is weak and feeble ; suffer from chilliness, even in summer ; are very much affected by changes in the weather ; very cold in the extremities, and suffer much from headache, and heat and pressure on the brain ; are subject to brain fever, and often a wild, incoherent action of the brain, because the blood which should go to the extremities is confined mainly to the head and vital organs; feel a sudden pain in the head when startled or beginning to put forth any special exertion, and suffer very much mentally and physically from heart affections and their consequences. 1. — Have scarcely any pulse, and that little is on a flutter; are cold, and " more dead than alive." To Cultivate. — Immerse hands and feet semi-weekly in water as hot as can be borne, ten minutes, then dash on or dip into cold water, and rub briskly, and heat by the fire till warm, and follow with active exercise, breathing at the same time according to directions just given ; if there is heat or pain about the heart, lay on a cloth, wrung out of cold water at night ; rub and pat or strike the chest on its up- per and left side, and restrain appetite if it is craving, and cultivate AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 31 calmness and quiet. If sufficient vitality remains to secure reaction, putting the feet in ice-cold water will be of great service. To Restrain is not necessary, except when excessive circulation is consequent on disease, in which case remove the cause. A healthy circulation cannot be too great. ALIMENTATION. By that truly wonderful process, digestion, food and drink are mado to subserve intellect and moral sentiment — converted into thought and emotion. Then, must not different kinds of food produce different mental and moral traits ? A vast variety of facts answer affirmatively. Rollin says that pugilists, while training for the bloody arena, were fed exclusively on raw meat. Does not the food of lion, tiger, shark, eagle, etc., re-increase their ferocity, and that of deer, dove, and sheep re- double their docility ? Does not this principle explain the ferocity of the Indian, force of the Anglo-Saxon, and subserviency of the Hin- doo ? Since alcoholic drinks excite the animal passions more than the intellectual and moral faculties, why not also meat, condiments, and all stimulating food as well ? And why not vegetables and the cereals, by keeping the system cool, promote mental quiet, intellectual clearness, and moral elevation ? At all events, less meats and more vegetables, grains, and fruits would render men less sensual, and more talented and good. And those who would become either, must mind what and how they eat. Stomach. — 7. — Can eat anything with impunity, and digest it perfectly ; can live on little, or eat much, and need not be very partic- ular as to diet. 6. — Have excellent digestion ; both relish and dispose of food to perfection ; are not liable to dyspepsia ; have good blood and plenty of it, and a natural hearty appetite, but prefer the substantials to knick- nacks ; hate a scanty meal, and have plenty of energy and good flesh. 5. — Have good, but not first-rate digestion, and it will continue good till bad eating impairs it, still must not invite dyspepsia, by bad living. 4. — Have only fair digestive vigor — too little to be abused — and need to promote it. 3. — Have a weak digestive apparatus, and variable appetite — very pood, or else very poor ; are a good deal pre-inclined to dyspepsia often feel a goneness and sinking at the stomach, and a general lassi- tude and inertia ; sleep poorly, and feel tired and qualmish in the 32 ORGANIC CONDITIONS morning ; have either a longing, hankering, pining, hungry feeling, or a loathing, dainty, dormant appetite ; are displeased and dissatisfied with everything; irritable and peevish, dispirited, discouraged, gloomy, and miserable ; feel as if forsaken and neglected - are easily agitated, and oppressed with an indefinable sense of dread, as if some impending calamity awaited; and should make the improvement of digestion the first business of life. 2 and 1. — Are like 3, only more so. Eveiything eaten gives pain, and life is but a burden. To Cultivate. — Eat simple, plain, dry food, of winch unbolted wheaten bread, and especially crackers made thereof, are best ; and but little at that, especially if the appetite is ravenous ; and masticate and salivate thoroughly; eat in a cheerful, lively, pleasant spirit, talk- ing and laughing at meals; consult appetite, or eat sparingly and leisurely that which relishes ; boiled wheat, or puddings made of wheaten flour, or grits, or oatmeal, or rye flour, eaten with cream and sugar, being the best staple article — say a teacupful of wheat or Gra- ham flour per day, thoroughly boiled; should eat little after 5 p. M., and if hurried in business, before or after, but not during business hours, nor in a hurried, anxious state of mind, but as if determined to enjoy it ; above all, should cast off care, grief, business anxieties, troubles, and all painful remembrances and forebodings, and just lux- uriate in the passing moment. Dyspepsia, now so alarmingly prevalent, is more a mental than corporeal disease — is consequent more on a worried, feverish, un happy state of mind, than stomachic disorder merely. It is usually brought on by eating very fast right after working very hard, and thei» working very hard right after eating too fast and too much, which allows so little energy to go to the stomach, that its contents ferment instead of being digested, which inflames the whole system, and causes morbid action in both the mental and physical functions. This inflam- mation creates a craving, hankering appetite, as well as a general irritable state of mind. But the more food is eaten the more it re-in- flames the stomach, and thereby re- increases these morbid hankerings; while denying appetite diminishes this inflammation and consequent hungering and irritability. Sometimes eating gives temporary relief right before what has just been eaten ferments, but only re-increases the pain soon afterward. Starvation is the cure in all cases of a cra- ving appetite, but a poor appetite needs pampering, by providing any iainties that may relish. Or, perhaps the system is pining for want AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 33 of some special aliment. If so, the appetite will hanker after it, and Bhould be gratified, however seemingly unnatural, provided it be an alimentary article. (See Alimentiveness.) Above all, avoid alcohol and tobacco in all their forms, and also tea and coffee, using instead, a coffee made by browning wheat, rye, peas, corn, sweet potatoes, bread, etc., and prepared the same as Java. Next, rub and pat, or lightly pound the stomach, liver, and bowels. While in college, a graduate came around advertising a specific panacea for dyspepsia, but requiring secrecy. It consisted simply in rubbing and kneading the abdomen. This supplies that mechanical action which restores them to functional action. Those manual exercises which call the abdominal muscles into special action, are preeminently useful, such as lowing, chopping wood, hoeing, and various gymnastic exercises. 1 If the stomach is sore or painful, lay on at night a wet cloth, with a dry one over it, folded several thicknesses. If the bowels are torpid, induce an action of them at a given hour daily, and live much on boiled wheat, unbolted wheaten bread, and puddings, figs, and fruits, if the stomach will bear them. Observe all the health laws with scrupulous fidelity, relying more on nature, but little on medicines, and remit no efforts and spare no exertions to restore digestion ; for, till you do, you can only half think, study, remember, feel, transact business, or do or enjoy anything. To Restrain it, make less a god of the appetite, direct, or work up in other respects those energies now consumed by the stomach, and 44 be temperate in all things." The Abdominal Viscera complete the digestive functions. The stomach may solve its food, yet dormant liver, intestines, and mesen- tery glands fail to appropriate it. Or the latter may be good, and former poor. 7 and 6. — Are very fleshy, round-favored, and fat, and eliminate food material faster than it is consumed, besides sleeping well, and en- joying ease and comfort, and do only what must be done. 5 and 4. — Have a good, fair share of flesh and abdominal fullness, and appropriate about as much food as the system requires. 3. — Are rather slim, poor in flesh, and gaunt; may digest food well, but sluggish bowels and mesenteries fail to take up and empty into the circulation enough to fully sustain the life-functions, and have hence strong tendencies to constipation. 1 See the author's new work on Physiology for the fullest exposition cf thi# 4nd all the other physical functions. 34 ORGANIC CONDITIONS 2. — Are very slim, poor, dormant, weak, and dyspeptic. To Restrain. — Breathe deeply, work hard, sleep little, and eat lightly. The Motive or Muscular Temperament. Motion is a necessary and an integral part and parcel of life itself. What could man do, what be, without it ? How walk, work, or move ? How even breathe, digest, or circulate blood ? — for what are these, in- deed what all the physical functions, but action in its various phases ? And this action is effected by means of bones and muscles or fibres, the fleshy portions of the system. These bones constitute the founda* tion on which the muscular superstructure is built, are articulated at their ends by joints, and firmly bound together by ligaments which allow free motion. Toward the middle of these bones the muscles are firmly attached, so that when they contract they give motion to the end of the bone opposite the belly of the muscle. These muscles, of which there are some 527 in the human body, constitute the lean meat or red flesh of all animals, and are rendered red by the immense num- ber of minute blood-vessels which are ramified upon every fibre of every muscle, in order to resupply that vital power which is expended by its exercise. The contractile power of these muscles is truly aston- ishing, as is evident from the wonderful feats of strength and agility of which man is capable; and that, too, though these muscles act under a great mechanical disadvantage. These bones and muscles collectively constitute the frame-work of the system — give it its build and form — are to the man what the timbers, ropes, and pulleys are to the ship, and constitute the Motive Temperament. Its predominance confers power of constitution, and strength of character and feeling. 7. — Are lean, spare; of good size and height, and athletic; have strongly marked features ; a large, Roman nose; high and large cheek- bones; large and broad front-teeth; all the bones of the body project- ing; a deep, grum, bass voice; distinctly marked muscles and blood- vessels; large joints; hard flesh; great muscular power or physical strength; ease of action, and love of physical labor, of lifting, work- ing, etc.; dark, and often coarse, stiff, abundant, and perhaps bushy hair; if a man, a black and heavy beard ; dark skin and eyes; a harsh, expressive visage; strong, but coarse and harsh feelings — the movements like those of the draught-horse, slow, but powerful and efficient ; tough ; thorough-going ; forcible; strongly marked, if not AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 35 idiosyncratic ; determined, motive, j>r muscular temperament. and impressive both phys- icaily and mentally; and stamp their character on all they touch, of whom Alex- ander Campbell furnishes a good example. The motive, 7, mental, 6, and vital, 5, are capable of powerful and sustained mental effort, and great power in any depart- ment, especially that of mind as mind, of swaying a com- manding influence over mankind, taking the lead in a large business, etc. This temperament is always ac- companied by prodigious coronal and perceptive re- gions, Firmness, and Com- bativeness, and large I)e- structiveness — its natural No. 131.— Alexander Campbell. accompaniment — the very organs required to re-increase its force and efficiency, and indispensable to its exercise. 6. — Are like 7, except less in degree ; are tough, hardy, and strong constitutioned ; evince power, efficiency, and force in whatever is undertaken; use strong expressions; are stout, limber-jointed, and both need and can endure a world of action and fatigue ; are like a fire made of anthracite coal, making a slow but powerful and contin- uous heat, and will make a decided mark in the business world, or in whatever other department these energies may be exercised. With the vital 6 or 7, and the mental 3 or 4, are broad and prominent in form ; large, tall, well proportioned, broad-shouldered, and muscular; usually coarse-featured, homely, stern, and awkward ; enjoy hard work more than books or literary pursuits ; have great power of feeling, and thus require much self-government ; are endowed with good sense, but have a poor way of showing it ; are strong-minded, but possess more talents than power to exhibit them ; manifest talents more in managing machinery, creating resources, and directing large operations than in mind as such; improve with age, growing better and more intellectual 36 ORGANIC CONDITIONS VITAL MOTIVE. accomplish wonders; are hard to beat, indomitable, and usually useful citizens, but endowed with strong passions when once roused; and capable of being deeply depraved, especially if given to drink. 5. — Have a good share of the hearty, enduring, efficient, and po- tential; move right forward, with determination and vigor, irrespective of hindrances; bring a good deal to pass; and are like 6, only less so. 4. — Are not deficient in motive power, yet more would be better; wrought up by special circumstances, can put forth unwonted strength; but it will be spasmodic, and liable to overstrain; can work hard, but are loth to ; prefer the sedentary to the active, and business to labor; with the vital 6 or 7 are indolent phys- ically, and do only what can- not be avoided, and need to cultivate muscular power. 3. — Dislike work; prefer sitting to moving, and riding to labor ; may be quick and flashy, but are not powerful ; lack strength and weight of character ; need much more exercise than they love to take ; and first of all should cultivate both muscular action and strength of character. With the vital 6, and mental 6 or 7, are rather small-boned, but plump, well formed, light complexioned, and often handsome ; have usually auburn or flaxen hair ; are most exquisitely organized, most pathetic and sympathetic, sentimental, ex- alted, and spiritual ; have redoubled glow and fervor of feeling, derived from both the vital and mental, which they are hardly able to contain; easily receive and communicate impressions ; are quite too much in- fluenced by first impressions, and intuitive likes and dislikes; have hobbies; are most enthusiastic; throw a great amount of feeling into everything; use strong and hyperbolical expressions ; are fond of com- pany, if not forward in it; have a quick, clear, sharp, keen, active mind, and good business talents * a ready flow of ideas and a taleni No. 132. — Phixeas Stevexs. AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 37 for communicating them, either on motive 3, mental 7, vital 4. paper or in social conversation; show- taste, refinement, and delicacy in everything ; have an under-current of pure, virtuous feeling, which will prevent the grosser manifestation of animal passion, and give the intel- lectual and moral the ascendency ; sin cnly under some sudden and pow- erful excitement ; are passionately fond of poetry, novels, tales, light and sentimental reading, belles-let- tres, newspapers, etc., and inclined to attempt this kind of composition; Xo. 133. — Fanny Forester. have a retentive memory, shrewdness, smartness, and enough of selfish- ness to take good care of self, yet not sufficient momentum or power to become great, but are rather effeminate. This temperament is found much oftener and more perfect in females than males, and is admirably illustrated by Fanny Forester. Children thus organized are precocious, and liable to die prematurely, and their physical cul- ture would save to their parents and the world those brightest stars, which now generally set while rising, to shine no more on earth. Mental 7, vital 5, and motive 3, may be smart, but cannot be great ; may be brilliant, but are flashy, meteoric, vapid, too emotional, imag- inative, and impulsive, and like a fire made of pine wood or shavings, intense, but momentary. 2 and 1. — Work, walk, move, and use muscles only when obliged to ; pre -incline much more to the emotional and vapid than potential, and should cultivate the muscles assiduously. Muscular Exercise is indispensable to greatness and happi- ness. By a law of things, all parts must be exercised in about equal proportions. When the brain is worked more than the muscles, it becomes partially congested, loses its snap, leaves the mind dull, memory indefinite, and thought obtuse, which exercise remedies. None need ever think of becoming great intellectually, however splendid their heads or temperaments, without much vigorous exer- iise and real hard work, even. All eminent men have laid the foundations of their superiority by working hard during their minor- ity, and continuing to exercise daily through life ; while those students brought up without labor rarely take a high intellectual stand, except 38 ORGANIC CONDITIONS. in parrot-like scholarship. They always lack vim and pll;h, and close, hard thought. And this deficiency grows on them. Mm Quincy Adams always rose before the sun to take his exercise, and as he became old took much of it in swimming, which he said gave the required exercise without heating his blood. Benton took a great amount of exercise. Jefferson always worked " like a Trojan." Webster would have his seasons of hunting, fishing, and rowing, be- sides taking a daily walk. Washington was a robust, hard-working farmer and soldier. Physical exercise is as indispensable to great* ness as the intellectual organs themselves. And one principal reason why so many men, having all the phrenological indications of great- ness, do not distinguish themselves, is a want of physical exercise. To Cultivate. — Take all the muscular exercise you can well endure, but only gentle; make yourself comfortably tired every day; choose those kinds of exercise most agreeable, but practice some kind assiduously ; dance more and sit less ; if a child, should be allowed to run and pla} , to skate and slide down hill, romp and race, wrestle, practice gymnastics, climb and tear round all it likes, and furnished with playmates to encourage this out-of-door life. Fear neither exposure nor dirt, clothes or shoes, bad associates, or any- thing else which furnishes this great desideratum. To Restrain. — Use the muscles less and brain more. 7. — The Mental TEMrERAMENT. This embraces the brain and nerves, or that portion of the system sailed into exercise in the production of mind as such, or thought, feeling, sensation, memory, etc. The brain consists at first of a mere ganglion of nervous matter, formed at the top of the spinal column. To this additions are made upward and forward, forming, successively, the brains of various ani- mals, from that of the fish and toad, through that of the dog and monkey, up to the perfectly developed brain of the human adult. Let it be observed that the base of the brain, or the animal organs, which alone can be exercised by infants, are developed first, while Benevolence, Amativeness, Veneration, Constructiveness, and some others which cannot be exercised by them, are not developed till some years after birth. The construction of the brain is most interesting. Its internal portion is fibrous, while its outer is soft and gelatinous. It is folded up into layers or furrows, called convolutions, which are expanded. THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 39 by dropsy of the brain, into a nervous sheet or web. These convc* iutions allow a great amount of nervous matter to be packed up in a small compass, and their depth and size are proportionate to the amount of mind and talent. Thus in animals and idiots they are small and shallow ; in men of ordinary talents much deeper ; while the dissectors of the brains of Cuvier, Lord Byron, and other great men, remark with astonishment upon their size and depth. Some writers say five times as much blood is sent to the brain in proportion to its volume as is sent to any other portion of the system, some say eight times, others fifteen, and one twenty ; but all agree that it consumes many times more blood relatively, than any other part. The difference between them is doubtless owing to the differ- ence in the talents of those experimented upon, intellectual subjects having the most. The distinctness and protrusion of the veins in the heads of great men, as also the immediate filling up of these veins when one laughs or becomes excited, have the same cause. Through the medium of the spinal column, and by means of the nerves which go off from the spinal marrow through the joints of the back-bone, the brain holds intercourse with every part of the body, the nerves being ramified upon every portion of its surface, so that not even the point of a needle can penetrate any portion of it without lacerating them, and thus producing pain. This spinal marrow is composed of four principal columns, the two anterior ones exercising voluntary motion, the two posterior ones sensation. Let the nerves which go off from the two posterior columns be severed at their root, and the parts on which they are ramified will be destitute of sensa- tion, not feeling anything, though able to move ; but on severing the nerves which go off from the two anterior columns, though the patient will feel the prick of the needle, he will be unable to move the limb to which the nerve goes. Now, observe that these two anterior or motor columns are in direct connection with the frontal portion of the brain, in which the intellectual organs are located, so that each can communicate freely with the other, while the two posterior columns, or those of sensation, are in connection with the back part of the brain, in which the organs of the feelings are located. They are most abundant on the outer surface of the body, and accordingly the skin and adjacent flesh is the seat of much more intense pain from wounds than the internal portions. 7. — Have a small stature ; light build ; small bones and muscles ; ft slim, tall, spare, sprightly person ; quickness of motion ; great phy» 40 ORGANIC CONDITIONS. ical activity, too much for strength ; sharp features and plirenolop ical organs ; thin lips ; small, pointed nose ; and sharp teeth, liabL? to premature decay. [See Fanny Forester, cut 133.] Are charac- terized mentally by a predominance of mind over body, so that its states affect the body more than the body does the mind ; are in the highest degree susceptible to the influence of stimuli, and of all ex- citing causes; are refined and delicate in feeling and expression, and easily disgusted with anything coarse, vulgar, or out of taste ; enjoy and suffer in the highest degree ; are subject to extremes of feeling; have the disgusts, sympathies, and prepossessions easily excited ; experience a vividness and intensity of emotion, and a clearness, pointedness, and rapidity of thought, perception, and conception, and a love of mental exercise imparted by no other temperament ; have a deep flow of pure and virtuous feeling, which will effectually resist vicious inclinations ; intense desires, and put forth correspondingly vigorous efforts to gratify them ; are eager in pursuits, and feel that their ends are of the utmost importance, and must be answered now ; are thus liable to overdo, and prematurely exhaust the physical powers, which are poor at best ; are very fond of reading and study, of thinking and reasoning, of books and literary pursuits, of conver- sation, and all kinds of information, and apt to lie awake at night, thinking, or feeling, or reading ; incline to some profession, or light mentalr occupation, such as a clerk, merchant, teacher, or if a me- chanic, should be a goldsmith, or architect, or something requiring light action, but not hard lifting, or more head work than hand work ; should avoid close application ; take much pleasurable recreation and exercise ; avoid all kinds of stimulants, wines, tobacco, tea and coffee included ; endeavor to enjoy existence ; and avoid being worried. 6. — Are like 7 in character, only less in degree ; more given to intellectual and moral than animal pleasures, and action than rest ; cannot endure slow or stupid employees ; with the motive 6, are of good size ; rather tall, slim, lean, and raw-boned, if not homely and awkward ; have prominent bones and features, particularly front teeth and nose ; a firm and distinct muscle ; a tough, wiry, excellent physical organization ; a firm, straightforward, rapid, energetic walk; great ease and efficiency of action, with little fatigue ; a keen, pene- trating eye; large joints, hands, feet, etc. ; a long face and head, and a high head and forehead ; a brain developed more from the nose over to the occiput than around the ears ; large intellectua 1 and mora] THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 41 organs ; strong desires, and great power of will and energy of char- acter ; vigorous passions ; a natural love of hard work, and capaciti for carrying forward and managing great undertakings ; that thoi- ough-going spirit which takes right hold of great projects with both hands, and drives into and through thick and thin, in spite of obstacles and opposition, however great, and thus accomplishes wonders ; supe- rior business talents ; unusual strength and vigor of intellect ; strong common sense ; good general judgment ; with a large intellectual lobe, and a cool, clear, long, calculating head ; a reflective, planning, discriminating cast of mind, and talents more solid than brilliant ; are more fond of the natural sciences than literature ; of philosoph) than history ; of the deep, solid branches than belles-lettres ; of a professional and mental than laborious vocation ; of mental than bodily action ; and the moral than sensual. 5. — Have good, fair muscles ; are quite prominent-featured, ea^y of motion, enduring, tough, hardy, clear-headed, and fond of intel- lectual pursuits ; have good ideas, and excellent native sense and judgment; talk, speak, and write to the purpose, if at all; We ac- tion and exercise, and walk and work easily ; are efficient, and capa- ble of doing up a good life labor, but not a genius. With the vital 6, are sprightly, lively, vivacious, and happy ; and with the motive 3, are not adapted to a life of labor, but should choose some office busi- ness, yet exercise a great deal — no matter how much. 4. — Have fair mental action, if circumstances fully call it forth ; if not, are commonplace ; must depend for talents more on culture and plodding studiousness than natural genius ; with culture, can do well, without it little ; with the motive and vital 6 or 7, are far bet- ter adapted to farming or manual pursuits than literary, and should cultivate intellect and memory. 3. — Have little love of literary pursuits ; are rather dull, and fall asleep over books and sermons ; and cannot marshal ideas for speak- ing or writing. 2. — Are exceedingly dull of comprehension; slow of perception; poor in judgment and memory ; hate books ; must be told what and how to do ; and should seek the direction of superior minds. 1. — Are almost senseless and idiotic. A WELL-BALANCED TEMPERAMENT is by far the best, that most favorable to true greatness and general 42 ORGANIC CONDITIONS. A WELL-BALANCED TEMPERAMENT. genius, to strength of character, along with perfection, and to har- mony and consistency through- out, is one in which each is strongly marked, and all about equally developed. Excessive motive with defi- cient mental gives power with sluggishness, so that the talents lie dormant. Excessive vital gives physical power and enjoy- ment, but too little of the mental and moral, along with coarseness and animality. Excessive mental confers too much mind for body, too much sentimentalism and exquisiteness, along with green- house precocity. Whereas their equal balance gives an abundant supply of vital energy, physical stamina, and mental power and susceptibility. They may be No. 134. — Washington. compared to the several parts of a steamboat and its appurtenances. The vital is the steam-power ; the motive, the hulk or frame-work ; the mental, the freight and pas- sengers. The vital predominant generates more animal energy than can well be worked off, which causes restlessness, excessive passion, and a pressure which endangers outbursts and overt actions ; pre- dominant motive gives too much frame or hulk ; moves slowly, and with weak mental, is too light freighted to secure the great ends of life ; predominant mental overloads, and endangers sinking ; but all equally balanced and powerful, carry great loads rapidly and well, and accomplish wonders. Such persons unite cool judgment with intense and well-governed feelings ; great force of character and in- tellect with perfect consistency ; scholarship with sound common sense ; far-seeing sagacity with brilliancy ; and have the highest order of both physiology and mentality. Such a temperament had .he immortal Washington, and his character corresponded. Most diseases, too, are consequent on this predominance or defi- ciency of one or another of these temperaments, and when either FORM INDICATES CHARACTER. 48 fail, all fail. Hence the infinite importance of cultivating those that are weak. A well-balanced phrenology is equally important, and itf absence unfavorable. 7 or 6. — Are uniform, consistent, harmonious in character, even- tempered, popular, and generally liked; not remarkable for any specialties of talents or character, nor for any deficiencies, and " maintain the even tenor of their way " among men. 5 or 4. — Are in the main consistent, and in harmony with them- selves, but more or less affected by circumstances ; show general uniformity of life and doctrine, but different circumstances chang? their characters. 3. — Have uneven heads and characters ; are singular in expres- sion, looks, and doctrine, and variable in conduct ; often inconsistent, and with excitability 6 or 7, the creatures of circumstances : take one-sided views of things ; are poor counselors ; need and should take advice ; are easily warped in judgment ; propound strange ideas, and run after novelties ; and need to cultivate unity and homoge- neousness of opinion and conduct. 2. — Are like 3, only more so ; are nondescripts ; idiosyncratic in everything ; just like themselves, but unlike anybody else ; and nei- ther like, nor are liked by, others. To Cultivate. — Exercise the weaker and restrain the stronger faculties and temperaments according to directions in this work. HOMOGENEOUSNESS, OR ONENESS OF STRUCTURE. Every part of everything bears an exact correspondence to every other part of it. Thus, tall-bodied trees have long branches ond leaves; short-bodied trees, short branches and roots; and creep yig vines, as the grape, honeysuckle, etc., long, slim roots that run under ground as extensively as their tops do above. The Rhode Island Greening, a large, well-proportioned apple, grows on a tree large in trunk, limb, leaf, and root, and symmetrical, while the gillefleur is conical, and its tree long-limbed, and runs up high to a peak at the !»p, while flat and broad-topped trees bear wide, flat, sunken-eyed apples. Very thrifty growing trees, as the Baldwin, Fall Pippin, Bartlett, Black Tartarian, etc., generally bear large fruit ; while small fruit, as the Seckel pear, Lady Apple, Belle de Choisy cherry, etc., grow slowly and have many small twigs and branches. Trees that bear red fruit, as the Baldwin, etc., have red inner bark ; while yel- low and green -colored fruits grow on trees the inner rind of who&e 44 THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS. limbs is yellow or green. Peach-trees that bear early peaches have deeply-notched leaves, and the converse of late ones ; so that, by these and other physiognomical signs, experienced nurserymen can tell what a given tree bears at first sight. Correspondingly, long-handed persons have long fingers, toes, arms, legs, bodies, heads, and phrenological organs ; while short and broad- shouldered persons are short and broad-handed, fingered, faced, nosed, and limbed, and wide and low bodied. When the bones on the hand are prominent, all the bones, nose included, are equally so, and thus of all other characteristics of the hand, and every other portion of all bodies. Hence, ever) hand proclaims the general char- acter of its owner, because if it is large or small, hard or soft, strong or weak, firm or flabby, coarse-grained or fine-textured, even or prom- inent, rough or smooth, small-boned or large-boned, or whatever else, the whole body is built upon the same principle, with which the brain and mentality also correspond. Hence, also, small-nosed persons have little soul, and large-nosed a great deal of character of some kind. Bonaparte chose large-nosed men for his generals, and the opinion prevails that large noses indicate long heads and strong minds, not because great noses cause great minds, but because the motive or powerful temperament causes both. Flat noses indicate flatness of mind and character, by indicating a poor, low, organic structure. Broad noses indicate large passage-ways to the lungs, and therefore laroe lun^s and vital organs, and this, great strength of constitution, and hearty animal passions, along with selfishness ; for broad noses, broad shoulders, broad heads, and lar«;e animal organs £0 together. But when the nose is narrow at the base, the nostrils are small, be- cause the lungs are small, and need but small avenues for air, which indicates a predisposition to consumptive complaints, along with an active brain and nervous system, and a passionate fondness for lit- erary pursuits. Sharp noses indicate a quick, clear, penetrating, searching, knowing, sagacious mind, and also a scold ; indicate warmth of love, hate, generosity, moral sentiment — indeed, positive- ness in everything, while blunt noses indicate and accompany obtuse intellects and perceptions, sluggish feelings, and a soulless character. The Roman nose indicates a martial spirit, love of debate, resistance, and strong passions, while straight, finely-formed Grecian noses indi- cate harmonious characters. Seek their acquaintance. We have chosen our illustrations from the nose, because it is easily seen and THE FOUR FORMS. 45 described, and renders observations on the character easy and cor- rect. But the principle here exemplified applies to all the other organs and portions of the face and body. And the general forms of the head correspond with those of the body and nose. Where the nose is sharp, all the bones and phren- ological organs, and of course mental characteristics, are equally sharp — the whole person being built on the sharp principle, and thus of breadth, prominence, length, etc. Tall persons have high heads, and are aspiring, aim high, and seek D>nspicuosity, while short ones have flat heads, and seek the lower forms of worldly pleasures. Tall persons are rarely mean, though often grasping; but very penurious persons are often broad-built. Small persons generally have exquisite mentalities, yet less power — the more precious the article the smaller the package in which it is done up — while great men are rarely dwarfs, though great size often £oexists with sluggishness. To particularize — there are four leading forms which indicate generic characteristics, all existing in every one, yet in different degrees. They are — 1. — PROMINENCE INDICATES POWER. " A lean horse for a long pull " is an observation as true as trite. This corresponds with the motive temperament, which it indicates. 2. — BREADTH AS INDICATING ANIMALITY. Spherical forms are naturally self-protecting. Roundness protects its possessor. So all round-built animals, as Indian pony, bull-dog, elephant, etc., are strong-constitutioned, tough, enduring, and very hardy, but less active and sprightly in body and mind. And this applies equally to human beings. Broad-built persons may be indus- trious, plodding, good-feeling, and the like, but love their ease, are not brilliant, and take good care of self. Yet they wear like iron, and unless health has been abused, can live to a great age. This form corresponds with the vital temperament. 3. — ACTIVITY INDICATED BY LENGTH. In and by the nature of things length of form facilitates ease of action. Thus, deer, gazelle, greyhound, giraffe, tiger, weasel, ermine, eel, and all long and slim animals, are quick-motioned, lively, sprightly, nimble, and agile. The same principle applies equally to persons. Thus, those very long-favored, or in whom this form is 16 THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS. 7. — Are as quick as a flash to perceive and do ; agile ; light-mo- tioned, limber-jointed; nimble; always in motion; restless as the wind ; talk too rapidly to be emphatic ; have no lazy bones in their bodies ; are always moving head, hands, feet, something ; are natural scholars ; quick to learn and understand ; remarkably smart and knowing ; loving action for its own sake ; wide awake ; eager, uncom- monly quick to think and feel ; sprightly in conversation ; versatile in talent ; flexible ; suggestive ; abounding in idea ; apt at most things ; predisposed to consumption, because action exceeds strength ; early ripe ; brilliant ; liable to premature exhaustion and disease, because the mentality predominates over the vitality, of which the late Captain Knight, who had a world-wide reputation for activity, enterprise, daring, impetuosity, promptness, judgment, earnesftiess, long, sHARr, and active. executiveness, affability, and sprighl- liness, furnishes a good example. 6. — Are active, restless, brisk, stirring, lively, anything but lazy, with a good organism ; are quick- spoken ; clear-headed ; understand matters and things at the first glance ; see right into and through business, and all they touch, readily ; are real workers with head or hands, but prefer head-work ; positive ; the one thing or the other; and are strongly pre-inclined to the intellec- tual and moral. Their characters, unless perverted, like their persons, ascend instead of descending ; and they are better adapted to law, mer- chandise, banking, or business than to farming, or heavy mechanical work. Yet, if mechanics, should choose those kinds requiring more sprightliness than strength, and mind than muscle. 5 or 4. — Have a fair, but only fair, share of natural activity and sprightliness ; do what they well can, and with tolerable ease, but do liot love action for its own sake. 3. — Are rather inactive ; do only what they must, and that grudg- No. 135. — Captain E. Knight. SHARPNESS INDICATES EXCITABILITY. 47 ingly ; love to be waited on, but not to wait ; and get along with the fewest steps possible ; seek a sedentary life, and are as loth to exer- cise mind as body. 2 and 1. — Are downright slothful, lazy, and good for nothing to themselves or others. To Cultivate. — Keep doing, doing, doing all the time, and in as lively and sprightly a manner as possible ; and live more on foot than seated. To Restrain. — Sit down and rest when tired, and let the world jog on while you enjoy it. Do only half you think you must, and be content to let the rest go undone. Try to be lazy. Work as few hours as possible, and get along with the least outlay of strength pos- sible. Do sit down, and enjoy what you have already got, instead of trying to get so much more. Live on your laurels. Don't tear and fret if all is not exactly to your liking, but cultivate contentment. 4. EXCITABILITY INDICATED BY SHARPNESS. All sharp things are, in and by the very nature of their form, pen- etrating, of which the needle furnishes an example. And this law applies equally to human beings. From time immemorial a sharp nose has been considered indicative of a scolding disposition : yet it is equally so of intensity in the other feelings, as well as temper. 7. — Are extremely susceptible to impressions of all kinds ; intensely excited by trifles ; apt to magnify good, bad, everything, far beyond the reality ; a creature of impulse and mere feeling ; subject to ex- treme ups and downs of emotion ; one hour in the garret, the next in the cellar ; extremely liable to neuralgia and nervous affections ; with quality and activity 6 or 7, have ardent desires ; intense feelings ; keen susceptibilities ; enjoy and suffer in the extreme ; are whole- souled ; sensitive ; positive in likes and dislikes ; cordial ; enthusi- astic ; impulsive ; have hobbies ; abound in good-feeling, yet are quick-tempered ; excitable ; liable to extremes ; have a great deal of soul or passion, and warmth of feeling ; are brilliant writers or speakers, but too refined and sensitive for the mass of mankind ; eleam in the career of genius, but burn out the vital powers on the altar of nervous excitability, and like Pollok, Henry Kirke White, Macdonald Clarke, and Leggett, fall victims to premature death, and should keep clear from all false excitements and stimulants, mental *nd physical, such as tea, coffee, tobacco, drugs, and alcoholic drinks, and cool off and keep cool. 48 THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS. 6. — Are like 7, only less so ; warm-hearted, impetuous, impulsive, full of soul, and too susceptible to external influences ; swayed too much by feeling ; and need much self-government and coolness. 5. — Are sufficiently sensitive and susceptible to exciting causes, ye^t not passional, nor impulsive ; and easily roused, yet not easily carried away by excitements. With activity 6 or 7, are very quick, but perfectly cool ; decide and act instantly, yet knowingly ; do noth- ing without thinking, but think and do instantaneously ; are never flustered, but combine great rapidity with perfect self-possession. 4. — Are like the placid lake — no waves, no noise, and evince the game quiet spirit under all circumstances. 3. — Are rather phlegmatic ; slow to perceive and feel ; rather cold and passionless ; rarely ever elated or depressed ; neither love nor hate, enjoy nor suffer, much ; are enthusiastic in nothing, and throw little life or soul into expressions or actions. 2. — Are torpid, soulless, listless, spiritless, half asleep about every- thing, and monotonous and mechanical in everything. 1 . — Are really stupid, and about as dead and hard as sole-leather — having the texture of humanity, but lacking its life and glow, and enjoy and suffer very little. To Cultivate. — Yield yourself up to the effects or influences of persons and things operating on you ; seek amusements and ex- citements ; and try to feel more than comes natural to you. To Restrain. — First, fulfill all the health conditions, so as thereby to allay all false excitement, and secure a quiet state of the body. Eat freely of lettuce, but avoid spices and condiments. Air, exercise, water, and sleep, and avoiding stimulants, constitute your great physical opiates. Second, avoid all unpleasant mental excite- ments, and by mere force of will cultivate a calm, qui^t, luxurious, to-day-enjoying frame of mind. If in trouble, banish it, and make yourself as happy as possible. Take lessons of Quakers. These primary forms and characteristics usually combine in dif- ferent degrees, producing, of course, corresponding differences in the talents and characteristics. Thus, eloquence accompanies breadth combined with sharpness. They create that gushing sympathy, that spontaneous overflowing of soul, that high- wrought, impassioned ec- stasy and intensity of emotion in which true eloquence consists, and transmit it less by words than look, gesture, and those touching, melting, soul-stirring, thrilling intonations which storm the citadel of the soul. Hence it can never be written, but must be seen, heard. AS AFFECTING THE MENTALITY. 49: and felt. This sharpness and breadth produce it first by giving great lungs to exhilarate the speaker, and send the blood frothing and foaming to the brain, and secondly, by conferring the utmost excitability and intensity of emotion ; and it is in this exhilaration that real eloquence mainly consists. This sharp and broad form pre- dominates in Bascom, whom Clay pronounced the greatest natural orator he ever heard ; in Chapin and Beecher, to-day confessedly our finest speakers in the pulpit or the rostrum ; in Everett ; in '• the old man eloquent," indeed, both the Adamses ; in Dr. Bethune and a host of others. Still, in Patrick Henry, Pitt, and John B. Gough, each unequaled in his day and sphere, the sharp combines with the long. This gives activity united with excitability. Yet this form gives also the poetic more than the oratorical — gives the impas- sioned, which is the soul of both. Authorship, again, is usually accompanied by the long, prominent, and sharp. Reference is not now had to flippant scribblers of exciting newspaper squibs, or even of dashing editorials, or highfalutin pro- ductions, nor to mere compilers, but to the authors of deep, sound, original, philosophical, clear-headed, labored productions. It pre- dominates in Revs. Jonathan Edwards, Wilbur Fiske, N. Taylor, Dr. E. A. Parke, Leonard Bacon, Albert Barnes, Oberlin, Pres. Day, Drs. Parish and Rush, Pres. Hitchcock, Hugh L. White, Dr. Caldwell, Elias Hicks, Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, Chief-Justice Marshall, Calhoun, John Q. Adams, Percival, Noah Webster, George Combe, Lucretia Mott, Catherine Waterman, Mrs. Sigourney, and nearly every distinguished author and scholar. THE POETIC, OR LONG AND SHARP FORM. Foetry inheres in various forms. Some distinguished poets are broad and sharp, others long and sharp, but all sharp. Those who evolve the highest, finest, and most fervid style and cast of sentiment, have more'of the long, with less of the prominent, yet with the long predominating over the sharp, and are often quite tall. Wm. C. Bry- ant furnishes an excellent illustration of this shape, as his character does of its accompanying mentality. Those who poetize the passions are, like orators, broad and sharp, of whom Byron furnishes an ex- ample in poetry and configuration. The best combination of forms for writers and scholars is the sharp predominant, long: next, proini nent next, and all conspicuous. The best form for contractors, build- 4 60 ORGANIC CONDITIONS. THE MENTAL-MOTIVE TEMPERAMX3& No. 136.— William Cullen Bryant. ers, managers of men and large mechanical operations, is the broad and prominent combined. (Cut 132.) But they should not be slim. A farmer may have any form but a spindling one, yet a horticulturist or nurseryman may be slim. RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN MEN AND ANIMALS. That certain men " look like " one or another species of animals is an ancient observation. And when in looks, also in character. That is, some have both the lion, or bull-dog, or eagle, or squirrel expres- sion of face, and likewise traits of character. Thus, Daniel Webster was called the " Lion of the North," from his general resemblance in form, heavy shoulders, hair, and general expression to that king of beasts ; and a lion he indeed was, in his sluggishness when at his ease, but power when roused ; in his magnanimity to opponents, and the power of his passions. He had a distinguished contemporary, whose color, expression of -ountenance, manners, everything, resembled those of the fox, and was he not foxy in character as well as looks ? And did he not introduce into the political machinery of our country that wire-work- THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 51 ing, double-game policy and chicanery, which has done more to cor- rupt our ever-glorious institutions than everything else combined, even endangering their very existence? Freemen, vote only for open-handed, honest men ; never for tricksters. No. 137. — Daniel Webster. — The Lion Face. Those who resemble the bull-dog are broad-built, round favored square-faced, round-headed, having a forehead square, and perhapt pjominent, but low ; mouth rendered square by the projection of the eye or canine teeth, and smallness of those in front ; corners of the mouth drawn down ; and voice deep, guttural, growling, and snarl- ing. Such, if fed, will bark and bite for you, but, if provoked, will lay right hold of you, and hold on till you or they perish in the desperate struggle. And when this form is found on female shoulders, u the Lord deliver you." Tristam Burges, called in Congress the " Bald Eagle," from bis having the aquiline or eagle-bill nose, a projection in the upper 52 ORGANIC CONDITIONS. lip, falling into an indentation in the lower, his eagle-shaped eyea and eye-brows, as seen in the accompanying engraving, was eagle- like in character, and the most sarcastic, tearing, and soaring man of his day, John Randolph excepted. And whoever has a long, hooked, hawk- bill, or Roman nose, wide mouth, spare form, prominence at the lower and middle part of the forehead, is very fierce when as- sailed, high-tempered, vindictive, efficient, No. 138. — Tristam Burges. — The Eagle. and aspiring, and will fly higher and farther than others. Tigers are always spare, muscular, long, full over the eyes, large- mouthed, and have eyes slanting downward from their outer to inner angles ; and human beings thus physiognomically characterized, are fierce, domineering, revengeful, most enterprising, not over humane, a terror to enemies, and conspicuous somewhere. Swine — fat, loggy, lazy, good-dispositioned, flat and hollow-nosed — have their cousins in large-abdomened, pug-nosed, double-chinned, talkative, story-enjoying, beer-loving, good-feeling and feeding, yes- yes humans, who love some easy business, but hate hard work. Horses, oxen, sheep, owls, doves, snakes, and even frogs, etc., also have their men and women cousins, with their accompanying char- acters. These resemblances are more easily seen than described ; but the voice, forms of mouth, nose, and chin are the best bases for obser- vation. BEAUTIFUL, HOMELY, AND OTHER FORMS. In accordance with this general law, that shape is as character, trell-proportioned persons have harmony of features and well-bal- THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 53 anced minds ; whereas those, some of whose features stand right out, and others fall far in, have uneven, ill-balanced characters, so that homely, disjointed exteriors indicate corresponding interiors, while evenly-balanced and exquisitely formed men and women have well- balanced and susceptible mentalities. Hence, woman, more beautiful than man, has finer feelings and greater perfection of character, yet is less powerful — and the more beautifully formed the more exquis- ite and perfect the mentality. Nature never deceives — never clothes that in a beautiful, attractive exterior which is intrinsically bad or re- pellant. True, the handsomest women sometimes make the greatest scolds, just as the sweetest things when soured become correspond- ingly sour. The finest things, when perverted, become the worst. Those naturally beautiful and exquisitely organized, when perverted become proportionally bad, and those naturally ugly-formed are nat- urally bad-dispositioned. Yet homely persons are often excellent tempered, benevolent, tal- ented, etc., because they have a few powerful traits, and also fea- tures — the very thing we are describing — that is, they have ex- tremes alike of face and character. Thus it is that every diversity of character has its correspondence in both the physiognomical form and organic texture. IXTOXATIOXS AS EXPRESSING CHARACTER. Whatever makes a noise, from the deafening roar of sea, cataract, and whirlwind's mighty crash, through all forms of animal life, to the sweet and gentle voice of woman, makes a sound which agrees per- fectly with the maker's character. Thus the terrific roar of the lion, and the soft cooing of the dove, correspond exactly with their re- spective dispositions ; while the rough and powerful bellow of the bull, the fierce yell of the tiger, the coarse, guttural moan of the hyena, the swinish grunt, the sweet warblings of birds, in contrast with the raven's croak: and owl's hoot, all correspond perfectly with their respective characteristics. And this law holds equally true of man. Hence human intonations are as superior to brute as human character exceeds animal. Accordingly, the peculiarities of all liu- nan beings are expressed in their voices and mode of speaking. Coarse-grained and powerful animal organizations have a coarse, jiarsh, and grating voice, while in exact proportion as persons become refined and elevated mentally, will their tones of voice become cor« ►esptmdingly refined and perfected. We little realize how much 54 ORGANIC CONDITIONS character we infer from this source. Thus, some female friends are visiting me transiently. A male friend, staying with me, enters the room, is seen by my female company, and his walk, dress, manners, etc., closely scrutinized, yet he says nothing, and retires, leaving a comparatively indistinct impression as to his character upon my female visitors, whereas, if he simply said yes or no, the mere sound of his voice communicates to their minds much of his character, and serves to fix distinctly upon their minds clear and correct general ideas of his mentality. The barbarous races use the guttural sounds more than the civilized. Thus Indians talk more down the throat than white men, and thus of all, whether lower or higher in the human scale. Those whose voices are clear and distinct have clear minds, while those who only half form their words, or are heard indistinctly, say by deaf persons, are mentally obtuse. Those who have sharp, shrill intonations have cor- respondingly intense feelings and equal sharpness both of anger and kindness, as is exemplified by every scold in the world; whereas those with smooth or sweet voices have corresponding evenness and goodness of character. Yet, contradictory as it may seem, these same persons not unfrequently combine both sharpness and softness of voice, and such always combine them in character. There are also the intellectual, the moral, the animal, the selfish, the benignant, the mirthful, the devout, the loving, and many other intonations, each accompanying corresponding peculiarities of characters. In short, every individual is compelled, by every word uttered, to manifest something of the true character — a sign of character as diversified as correct. COLOR AND TEXTURE OF HAIR, SKIN, BEARD, ETC. Everything in nature is colored, inside and out ; and the color always corresponds with the character. Nature paints her coarse productions in coarse drab, but adorns all her finer, more exquisite productions with her most beautiful colors. Thus, highly-colored fruits are always highly-flavored, and birds of the highest quality are arrayed in the most gorgeous tints and hues. So, also, particular colors signify particular qualities. Thus, throughout all nature black signifies power, or a great amount of its characteristics ; red, the ardent, loving, intense, concentrated, posi- tive ; green, immaturity ; yellow, ripeness, richness, etc. Hence all black animals are powerful, of which the bear, Morgar Aorse, black AS INDICATING MENTALITY. 56 cnakc, etc., furnish examples. So black fruits, as blackberry, black raspberry, whortleberry, black tartarian cherry, etc., are highly flavored and full of rich juices. So, also, the dark races, as Indian and African, are strong, muscular, and very tough. All red fruits are acid, as the strawberry ; but the darker they are the sweeter, as the bald win, gillifleur, etc. ; while striped apples blend the sweet with the sour. Whatever is growing, or still immature, is green ; but all grasses, grains, fruits, etc., pass, while ripening, from the green to the yellow, and sometimes through the red. Fruits red and yellow are always delicious. Other primary colors signify other characteristics. Now, since coarseness and fineness of texture indicate coarse and fine-grained feelings and characters, and since black signifies power, and red ardor, therefore coarse black hair and skin signify great power of character of some kind, along with considerable ten- dency to the sensual ; yet fine black hair and skin indicate strength of character, along with purity and goodness. Dark-skinned nations are always behind the light-skinned in all the improvements of the age, as well as in the higher and finer manifestations of humanity. So, too, dark-haired persons, like Webster, sometimes called " Black Dan," possess great power of intellect and propensity, yet lack the finer and more delicate shadings of sensibility and purity. Coarse black hair and skin, and coarse red hair and whiskers, indicate pow- erful animal passions, together with corresponding strength of char- acter ; while fine, light, and auburn hair indicate quick susceptibilities together with refinement and good taste. Fine dark or brown hair indicates the combination of exquisite susceptibilities with great strength of character, while auburn hair and a florid countenance, indicate the highest order of sentiment and intensity of feeling, along with corresponding purity of character, combined with the high- est capacities for enjoyment and suffering. And the intermedi- ate colors and textures indicate intermediate mentalities. Curly hair and beard indicate a crisp, excitable, and variable dis- position, with much diversity of character — now blowing hot^ now cold — along with intense love and hate, gushing, glowing emo- tions, brilliancy, and variety of talent. So look out for ringlets; they betoken April weather. Treat them gently, lovingly, and you will have the brightest, clearest sunshine, and the sweetest, balmiest reezes ; but ruffle them, and you raise a storm, a very hurricane, changeable, now so very hot, now so cold. Better not ruffle them. And this is doubly true of auburn curls ; though auburn ringleti 56 ORGANIC CONDITIONS need hut a little right, kind, fond treatment to render them all as fail and delightful as the brightest spring morning. Straight, even, smooth, and glossy hair indicates strength, harmony, and evenness of character, and hearty, whole-souled affections, as well as a clear head and superior talents ; while stiff, straight, black hair and beard indicate a coarse, strong, rigid, straightforward char- acter. Abundance of hair and beard signifies virility and a great amount of character. Coarse-haired persons should never turn dentists or clerks, but seek some out-door employment , and would be better contented with rough, hard work than a light or sedentary occupation, although mental and sprightly occupations would serve to refine and improve them ; while dark and fine-haired persons may choose purely intel- lectual occupations, and become lecturers or writers with fair prospects of success. Red-haired persons should seek out-door employment, for they require a great amount of air and exercise ; while those who have light, fine hair should choose occupations involving taste and mental acumen, yet take bodily exercise enough to tone up and invig- orate their system. Generally, when either skin, hair, or features are fine or coarse, the others are equally so. Yet some inherit fineness from one parent, and coarseness from the other, while the color of the eye generally corresponds with that of the skin, and expresses character. Ligh eyes indicate warmth of feeling, and dark eyes power. The mere expression of the eye conveys precise ideas of the exist- ing and predominant states of the mentality and physiology. As long as the constitution remains unimpaired, the eye is clear and bright, but becomes languid and soulless in proportion as the brain has been enfeebled. Wild, erratic persons have a half crazed expres- sion of eye, while calmness, benignancy, intelligence, purity, sweet- ness, love, sensuality, anger, and all the other mental affections, express themselves quite as distinctly by the eye as voice, or any other mode. REDNESS AND PALENESS OF FACE. Thus far our remarks have appertained to the constant colors of the face, yet those colors are often diversified or changed for the time being. Thus, at one time the whole countenance will be pale, at another rcry red ; each of which indicates the existing states of body and AS INDICATING MENTALITY. 51 mind. Or thus : when the system is in a perfectly healthy state, the whole face will be suffused with the glow of health and beauty, and have a red, but never an inflamed aspect ; but any permanent injury of health, which prostrates the bodily energies, will change this florid complexion into dullness of countenance, indicating that but little blood comes to the surface or flows to the head, and a corresponding stagnation of the physical and mental powers. Yet, after a time, this dullness frequently gives way to a fiery redness ; not the floridness oi health, but the redness- of inflammation or false excitement, which indicates a corresponding depreciation of the mental faculties. Dark or livid red faces, so far from signifying the most health, frequently betoken the most disease, and correspondingly more animal and sensual characters ; because physiological inflammation irritates the propensities more, relatively, than the moral and intellectual faculties, though it increases the latter also. When the moral and intellectual faculties greatly predominate over the animal, redness may not cause coarse animality, because, while it heightens the animal nature, it also increases the intellectual and moral, which, being the larger, hold them in check ; but when the animal about equals or exceeds the moral and intellectual, this inflammation evinces a greater increase of animality than intellectuality and morality. Gross sensualists and depraved sinners generally have a fiery red countenance. Stand aloof from them, for their passions are all on fire, ready to ignite and explode on provocations so slight that a healthy physiology would scarcely notice them. This point can hardly be made fully intelligi- ble ; but let readers note the difference between a healthy floridness of face and the fiery redness* of drunkards, debauchees, etc. Xor does an inflamed physiology increase the animal nature, merely ; it also gives it a far more depraved and sensual cast, thereby doubly increasing the depraved tendencies. PHRENOLOGICAL SIGXS OF CHARACTER AND TALEXTS. All truth bears upon its front unmistakable evidence of its divine origin, in its philosophical beauty, fitness, and consistency; whereas, all untruth is grossly and palpably deformed. Any truth, also, har- monizes with all other truth, and conflicts with all error, so that, to ascertain what is true, and detect what is false, is perfectly easy. Apply this test, intellectual reader, to one after another of the doc- trines taught by Phrenology. The brain is both the organ of the mind, the dome of thought, the 58 THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS palace of the soul, and equally the organ of the body, over which it ex- erts an all-potent influence for good or ill, to weaken or stimulate, to kill or make alive. In short, the brain is the organ of the body in general, and of each of its organs in particular. As the stomach has its cerebral organ in Alimentiveness, and the muscular system its in [Muscularity, so undoubtedly the lungs, liver, pancreas, bowels, etc., have each its yet undiscovered cerebral organ located in the under side of the brain. It sends forth those nervous energies which keep muscles, liver, bowels, and all the other bodily organs in a high 01 low state of action ; and, more than all other causes, invites or repels disease, prolongs or shortens life, and treats the body as its galley- slave. Hence, healthy cerebral action is indispensable to bodily health, while a longing, pining, dissatisfied, fretful, or troubled state of mind is most destructive of health, and productive of disease. So is violence in any and all the passions. Indeed, the state of the mind is mainly controlled by that of the health. Even dyspepsia is more a mental than physical condition, and to be cured first and mainly by banishing that agitated, flashy, eager, craving state of mind, and securing instead a calm, quiet, let-the-wor Id-slide state ; nor will any physical appliances avail much without this mental restorative. Hence, too, we walk or work so much more easily and efficiently when we take an interest in what we do. Therefore, those who would be happy or talented must first and mainly keep their brain vigorous and healthy. The brain is subdivided into two hemispheres, the right and left, by the falciform process of the dura mater — a membrane which dips down one to two inches into the brain, and runs from the root of the nose over to the nape of the neck. This arrangement renders all the phrenological organs double. Thus, as there are two eyes, ears, etc., in order that when one is diseased, the other can carry forward the function, so there are two lobes to each phrenological organ, one on each side. The brain is divided thus. The feelings occupy that portion com* K only covered by hair, while the forehead is occupied by the intel- lectual organs. These greater divisions are subdivided into the ani- mal brain, located between and around the ears ; the aspiring facul- ties, which occupy the crown of the head ; the moral and religioud sentiments, which occupy its top ; the physico-perceptives, located over the eyes ; and the reflectives, in the upper portion of the fore head. The predominance of each of these respective groups produces AS INDICATING MENTALITY. 59 Doth particular shapes of head, and corresponding traits of character. Thus, a head projecting far back behind the ears, and hanging over and downward in the occipital region, indicates very strong domestie ties and social affections, a love of home, its relations and endear- rnei ts, and a corresponding capacity of being happy in the family, and miking family happy. The social affections are located in the * bark part of the head ; and, accordingly, woman being more loving than man, when not under the influence of the other faculties, usually inclines her head backward ; and when she kisses children, and those she loves, always turns the head directly backward, and rolls it from side to side, on the back of the neck. Wide and round heads, on the contrary, indicate strong animal and selfish propensities, while thin, narrow heads indicate a corresponding want of selfishness and ani- mal ity. A head projecting far up at the crown indicates an aspiring, self- elevating disposition, pride of character, and a desire to be and to do something great ; while a flattened crown indicates a want of am- bition, energy, and aspiration. A head high, long, and wide upon the top, but narrow between the ears, indicates Causality, moral virtue, much practical goodness, and a corresponding elevation of character ; while a low and narrow top-head indicates a corresponding deficiency of these humane and religious susceptibilities. A head wide at the upper part of the temples indicates a corresponding desire for per- sonal perfection, together with a love of the beautiful and refined, while narrowness in this region evinces a want of taste, with much coarseness of feeling. Fullness over the eyes indicates excellent prac- tical judgment of matters and things appertaining to property, science, and nature in general ; while narrow, straight eyebrows indicate poor practical judgment of matter, things, their qualities, relations, and uses. Fullness from the root of the nose upward indicates great prac- tical talent, love of knowledge, desire to see, and ability to say and do the right thing at the right time, and in the best way, together with sprightliness of mind ; while a hollow in the middle of the fore- head indicates want of memory, and inability to show off to advan- tage. A bold, high forehead indicates strong reasoning capabilities, while a retiring forehead indicates less soundness, but more availa- bility of talent. And thus of other cerebral developments. Phrenology teaches that every faculty, when active, moves head and body in the direction of the acting organ. Thus, intellect, in the fore part of the head, moves it directly forward, and produces a forward -langing motion of the head. Hence, intellectual men never carry GO THE ORGANIC CONDITJONS their heads backward and upward, but always forward ; and logical speakers move their heads in a straight line, usually forward, toward their audience ; while vain speakers hold their heads backward. Hence it is a poor sign to stand so straight as to lean backward, for it shows that the brain is in the wrong place — more in the animal than intellectual region. Perceptive intellect, when active, throws out the chin and lower portions of the face ; while reflective intellect causes No. 139. — Washington Irving. the upper portion of the forehead to hang forward, and draws in the chin, as in Franklin, Webster, and other great thinkers. A coxcomb once asking a philosopher, " What makes you hang your head down so ? why don't you hold it up as I do ? " was answered : " Look at that field of wheat ! The heads that are well filled bend downward, bu* those that stand up straight are empty." Benevolence throws the bead and body slightly forward, leaning toward the object which ex- cites its sympathy ; while Veneration causes a low bow, which, the world over, is a token of respect ; yet, when Veneration is exercised AS INDICATING MENTALITY. 61 toward the Deity, as in devout prayer, it throws the head upward; and, as we use intellect at the saine time, the head is generally di- rected forward. He who meets you with a long, low bow thinks more of you than of himself; but he who greets you with a short, quick bow — who makes half a bow forward, but a bow and a half backward — thinks one of you, and one and a half of himself. Ideality throws the head slightly forward and to one side, as in Irving, a man as gifted in taste and im- agination as any other writer ; and, in his portraits, his finger rests upon this faculty, while Sterne's finger rests upon Mirthfulnesg. Very firm men stand straight up and down, inclining not a hair'a breadth forward or backward, or to the right or left ; hence the ex- pression, " He is an up-and-down man." And this organ is located exactly on a line with the body. Self-esteem, located in the back and upper portion of the head, throws the head and body upward and backward. Large feeling, pompous persons walk in a very dignified, majestic manner, throwing their heads in the direction of Self-esteem ; while approbative persons throw their heads backward, but to one side. The difference be- tween the natural lan- guage of these two or- gans is so slight that on- ly the practical phrenolo- gist can perfectly distin- guish them. The natural language of Money-loving, carries the head forward and to one side, as if in ardent pur- suit of something, and ready to grasp it with outstretched arms ; while Alimentiveness, situated lower, hugs itself down to the dainty dish with the greediness of an epicure, better seen than described. The shake of the head is the natural language of Combativeness, and means 'No, I resist you." Those who are combating earnestly shake the head more or less violently, according to the power of the com- uative feeling, but always shake it slightly inclining backward ; while No. 140. — A Conceited Simpleton. 62 THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. Destructiveness, inclining forward, causes a shaking of the hea6 slightly forward, and turning to one side. When a person who threatens you shakes his head violently, and holds it partially back- ward, and to one side, never fear — he is only barking; but who- ever inclines his head to one side, and shakes it violently, will bite, whether possessed of two legs or four. Thus it is that each of the various postures assumed by individuals express the relative activity, present or permanent, of their respective faculties. THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES, THEIR ANALYSIS AND CLASSL FICATION. But the highest, most conclusive evidence that Phrenology is true, is : Whatever is true bears indisputable evidence of its divine origin in its infinite perfection ; while whatever is human is imperfect. If, therefore, Phrenology is true, every part and parcel of it will be per- fection itself — in its facts, its philosophies, its teachings. And that proposed analysis of the phrenological faculties to which we now pro- ceed will so expound its internal workings as to show whether it is or is not thus perfect or imperfect — true or false. Its perfection is seen especially in these three aspects : — First. In its grouping and location of its organs. Throughout all nature, the location of every organ serves to facilitate its function. Thus, foot, eye, heart, each bone and organ, can fulfill its office bet- ter placed where it is, than if placed anywhere else. Then if Phre- nology is true, each of the phrenological organs will be so located, both absolutely and as regards the others, that their positions shall aid the ends they subserve. And their being thus placed furnishes additional proof that Phrenology is divine. Though the phrenological organs were discovered, some in one cen- tury and continent, and others in another, yet on casting the analyti- cal eye over them all, we find them seZ/^classified by their topograph- ical position in the head. Beginning at the lowest posterior organs they are numbered in accordance with their topographical position upward and forward. And what is more, all those organs are in groups whose faculties oerform analogous functions. Thus, all the social affections are grouped in one portion of the head — the back and lower ; and their position is beneath and below all, just as their function is basilar, yet comparatively unseen. Neither do these organs obtrude themselves THEIR ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION. 6S on our vision ; nor do we stand on the corners of the streets to pro- claim how much we love husband, wife, children, or friends. So the animal organs are placed at the top of the spinal column and base of the brain, or just where the nerves from the various portions of the body ramify on the brain. Now the office of these organs is to carry forward the various bodily wants. This nature fulfills, by placing them right at the head of those nerves which enable them to commu- nicate with the body in the most perfect manner possible. So the organs in the top of the head, being highest of all, fulfill the most exalted functions of all. By a law of structure, as we rise from the sole of the foot to the crown of the head, at every inch of our as- cending progress we meet with functions more and still more impor- tant as their organs are located higher up. Feet, located lowest of all, perform the menial services of all ; while the organs in the lower part of the body proper, higher in position, are also higher in func- tion ; for whereas we can live without feet, convenient though they be, yet we cannot live long without the visceral organs. Yet longer and better without these than without heart or lungs, which, located highest of all in the body proper, fulfill its most important functions, their suspension causing simultaneous death. But even these per- form functions less elevated than the head, which, located highest of all, fulfills the crowning function of all — mind ; that for which the entire body, as well as universal nature, was created. And we might therefore infer that the various parts of this brain would fulfill functions more important, according to their position upward from the base to the top. And so it is. For while the animal and social or- gans are to man what foundations are to houses — absolutely indis- pensable — yet that there is a higher quality or grade to man's moral faculties than to his animal, to those which ally him to angels and to God than to matter, to immortality than mortality, is but the com- mon sentiment of mankind. Is not the good man higher in the hu- man scale than those who have only powerful animal functions ? Are not those great intellectually greater than those great animally ? The talented above the rich ? Reason above Acquisitiveness ? Does not the philosophy involved in this position of these various organs, both absolutely and as regards each other, evince a divine hand in its construction ? . Secondly. Equally philosophical and perfect is the analysis of the phrenological faculties, considered both in reference to man's neces- lary life-requisitions, and as regards universal nature. Man having 16 i THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. a material department to his nature, must needs be linked to matter, acd possessed of all its properties. He is so. Then might we not expect some department of his nature to inter-relate him to each prop- erty of matter ? These phrenological faculties furnish that relation. It so is that each phrenological faculty is adapted and adapts man to some great element in matter and arrangement in nature, and also to some special want or requisition of his being. Thus Appetite relates him to his need of food, and to that department of nature which sup- plies this food, or to her dietetic productions. Causality adapts him to nature's arrangements of cause and effect ; Comparison, to her classifi nations ; Form, to her configurations ; Ideality, to the beauti- ful ; and in like manner each of the other faculties adapts him to some institute of Nature. And to point out this adaptation furnishes the finest explanation of the faculties to be found, as well as the strongest proof that " the hand that formed them is divine." That is, Parental Love is adapted, and adapts man to, the infantile and parental rela- tions. Nature must needs provide for the rearing of every individual child; and this she effects by creating in all parents — vegetable, animal, human — the parental sentiment, or love of their own young, particularly as infants, thus specifying just what adult shall care for each particular child, and absolutely providing for the rearing of all. Hence, whatever involves the relations of parents to their chil- dren comes under this faculty ; and its correct analysis unfolds what- ever concerns parents and their children. So Constructiveness adapts man to his need of clothes, houses, and materials for creature comforts, and is adapted to nature's mechanical institutes. And each of the other phrenological organs has a like adaptation to some great fact or provision in the economy of things. And what is more yet, each phrenological faculty is found to run throughout all animal, all vegetable life, and to be an inherent prop- erty of things — of nature, of matter. Thus, the phrenological fac- ulty of Firmness expresses a principle which runs throughout every phase of nature, as seen in the stability of all her operations — the perpetual return of her seasons, the immutability of her laws, the sta- bility of her mountains, the uniformity and reliability or firmness of all her operations. Time, too, expresses a natural institute. For it not only appertains to man and all his habits — the natural period of his life included — but all plants are timed, observe each its own times and seasons. Each seed, fruit, animal, everything has its time. Some thingr begin and end their lives, as it were, in a day — others a year; THEIR ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION. 65 while the cedars of Lebanon or California live through many cen- turies. But even they have their germination, adolescence, maturity, decline, death, and decay. Given fruits ripen each at its given season ; and even flowers and vegetables, transplanted from a southern to a northern latitude, keep up their periodical function in spite of opp<* site seasons. Has not every rock, even, its age, that is, a time cle- ment ? Periodicity appertains to the earth, and to every one of its productions and their functions, as well as to every star — indeed, is a universal institute of nature. So is Order. For are not eye, foot, heart, spine, always in their respective places ? And so of bark, root, limb, fruit, every organ of every animal and vegetable. That is, method is quite as much an element of universal nature as of man. Color is equally universal. So is Form. And is not Conscientious- ness in nature's arrangement that, all her laws obeyed, reward — vio- lated, punish ? A tree injured inflicts punishment by withholding its fruit. And every wrong done to man, animal, or thing becomes its own avenger, while every right embodies its own reward, showing that the entity we call Conscientiousness is a universal institute, not of man alone, but of every phase of life and function of Nature. And so of all the other faculties. Thirdly, Phrenology teaches the true philosophy of life. It unfolds the original constitution of man. That constitution was created just as perfect as its divine Author could render it. And in pointing out the original constitution of humanity, Phrenology shows who departs therefrom, and wherein. That is, by giving a beau ideal of human perfection, it teaches one and all, individuals and communities, wherein and how far they conform to, and depart from, this perfect human type, and thereby becomes the great reformer. And as far as individuals and communities live in accordance with its requisitions, they live perfect lives. That is, each of its faculties has a normal action which fulfilled is perfection, and also an abnormal, which is imperfection. And in teaching us both their normal and abnormal, it thereby teaches us just how to live, even in details ; and thereby settles all questions in morals, in ethics, in all transactions between man and man, in every possible phase and aspect of life, down to its minutest details and requisitions, thereby becoming the great law- giver cf humanity. But to follow out these grand first principles would unduly enlarge our volume. Having stated them, the reader, curious to follow them up, will find in O. S. Fowler's " Phrenological Journal," and in hia 5 06 ANALYSIS OP THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. works on Phrenology, these and kindred ideas amplified. Mean- while, to proceed with the phrenological organs, their groups, and in- dividual functions. The Social Group, or Family Affections. These occupy the back and lower portion of the head, causing it to project behind the ears, and create most of the family affections and virtues. 7. — Are preeminently attached to family and home, and enjoy them more than any of the other pleasures of life ; love companion and children with passionate fondness, and will do and sacrifice any- thing for them ; and must have a home and home joys, and pine with- out them. 6. — Love family, home, country, and the fireside relations devot- edly, and regard family as the centre of most of life's pleasures or pains ; are eminently social and companionable, and strive to make home pleasant and family happy ; and sacrifice often and much on the domestic altar. 5. — Love and enjoy the domestic relations well, but not as life's highest good ; and seek other things and pleasures first, though home pleasures much. 4. — Have fair, average, commonplace family ties, and do much but not over much, for companion, children, and friends. 3. — Are rather indifferent in and to the family, and take a little, though no great pleasure in them ; and need to cultivate the domes- tic virtues. 2. — Care little for home, its inmates, or pleasures, and are barren of its virtues. 1. — Have scarcely any social ties, and they weak. 1. AMATIVENESS. The Creator. — Sexuality ; gender ; the love element ; that which attracts the opposite sex, and is attracted to it, admires and awakens admiration, creates and endows offspring, desires to love, be loved, and marry ; the conjugal instinct and talent ; gallantry ; mdyism ; masculinity in man, and womanliness in woman ; passion. Adapted to Nature's male, female, sexual blending, affiliating, and creative ordinances. AMATIVENESS. 67 Everything in nature is sexed — male or female. And this sexual institute embodies those means employed by the Author of all life lor its inception — for the perpetuity and multiplication of all forms of life. It creates in each sex admiration and love of the other ; renders woman winning, persuasive, urbane, affectionate, loving, and lovely, and develops all the feminine charms and graces ; makes man noble in feeling and bearing ; elevated in aspiration ; gallant, tender, and bland in manner ; affectionate toward woman ; highly sus- ceptible to female charms ; and clothes him with that dignity, power, and persuasiveness which accompanies the masculine. VERY LARGE. No. 141.— Aaron Burr. No. 142.— Infant. Perverted, it occasions grossness and vulgarity in expression and action ; licentiousness in all its forms ; a feverish state of mind ; de- praves all the other propensities ; treats the other sex merely as a minister to passion — now caressing, and now abusing ; and renders the love-feeling every way gross and animal. Very Large. — Are admirably sexed, or well-nigh perfect as a male or female ; literally idolize the opposite sex ; love almost to in- sanity ; treat them with the utmost consideration ; cherish for them the most exalted feelings of regard and esteem, as if they were supe- rior beings ; have the instincts and true spirit and tone of the male or female in a preeminent degree ; must love and be beloved ; love w?th inexpressible tenderness ; are sure to elicit a return of love ; are in- tuitively winning, attractive to, and attracted by, the other sex, in behavior, in conversation, in all they say and do ; almost worship parents, brothers, or sisters, and children of the opposite sex ; with 68 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. organic quality 6, and the other social organs large, have the conjugal intuition in a preeminent degree ; assimilate and conform to those loved, and become perfectly united; and with Conjugality large, man- ifest the most clinging fondness and utmost devotion, and are made or unmade for life by the state of the affections. For other combina- tions, see Large. Large. — Are well sexed, or very much of a man or woman ; that is, have the form, carriage, spirit, manners, and mind of the true male or female in a high degree ; are eminently loving and lovely, or full of love, and with Conjugality large, of the real conjugal sentiment and intuition ; strongly attract, and are strongly attracted by, the op- posite sex ; admire and love their beauty and excellences ; easily win their affectionate regards, and enkindle their love ; have many warm friends and admirers among them ; love young and most intensely, and are powerfully influenced by the love element for good or evil, according as it is well or ill placed; with Adhesiveness and Conju- gality large, will mingle pure friendship with devoted love ; cannot flourish alone, but must have a matrimonial mate, with whom to be- come perfectly identified, and whom to invest with almost superhu- man perfections, by magnifying their charms and overlooking their defects ; in the sunshine of whose love to be perfectly happy, but pro- portionally miserable without it ; with large Ideality and the mental temperament added, will experience a fervor and intensity of love, amounting almost to ecstasy or romance ; can marry those only who combine refinement of manners with correspondingly strong attach- ments ; with Parental Love and Benevolence also large, are eminently qualified to enjoy the domestic relations, and be happy in home, as well as to render home happy ; with Inhabitiveness also large, will set a high value on house and place ; long to return home when absent, and consider family and children as the greatest of life's treasures ; with large Conscientiousness added, will keep the marriage relations inviolate, and regard unfaithfulness as the greatest of sins ; with Com- bativeness large, will defend the object of love with great spirit, and resent powerfully any indignity offered them ; with Alimentiveness large, will enjoy eating with loved one and family dearly ; with Ap» probativeness large, cannot endure to be blamed by those beloved ; with Cautiousness and Secretiveness large, will express love guard- edly, and much less than is experienced ; but with Secretiveness small, will show in every look and action the full, unveiled feelings of the soul; with Firmness, Self-esteem, and Conjugality large, will sustain AMATIVENESS. 69 interrupted love with fortitude, yet suffer much damage of mind and health therefrom ; but with Self-esteem moderate, will feel crushed and broken down by disappointment ; with the moral faculties pre- dominant, can love those only whose moral tone is pure and elevated; with predominant Ideality, and only average intellectual faculties, will prefer those who are showy and gay to those who are sensible, yet less beautiful ; but with Ideality less than the intellectual and moral organs, will prefer those who are substantial and valuable ralber than showy; with Mirthfulness, Time, and Tune, will love dancing, lively company, etc. : p. 57. Full. — Possess quite strong susceptibilities of love for a congenial spirit ; are capable of much purity, intensity, and cordiality of love, if its object is about right ; with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, will be kind and affectionate in the family ; with Secretiveness large, will manifest less love than is felt, and show little in promiscuous society ; with a highly susceptible temperament, will experience great intensity of love, and evince a good degree of masculine or feminine excellence, etc. : p. 59. Average. — Are capable of fair conjugal attachments, and calcu- lated to feel and exhibit a good degree of love, provided it is properly placed and fully called out, but not otherwise ; experience a greater or less degree of love in proportion to its activity ; as a man, are quite attached to mother, daughters, and sisters, and fond of female society, and endowed with a fair share of the masculine element, yet not re- markable for its perfection ; as a woman, quite winning and attract- ive, yet not particularly susceptible to love ; as a daughter, fond of father and brothers, and desirous of the society of men, yet not es- pecially so ; and capable of a fair share of conjugal devotedness under favorable circumstances ; combined with an ardent temperament, and large Adhesiveness and Ideality, have a pure and platonic cast of love, yet cannot assimilate with a coarse temperament, or a dissimilar phrenology ; are refined and faithful, yet have more friendship than passion ; can love those only who are just to the liking ; with Cau* tiousnBss and Secretiveness large, will express less love than is felt, and that equivocally, and by piecemeal, nor then till the loved one is fully comaiitted ; with Cautiousness, Approbativeness, and Venera- tion large, and Self-esteem small, are diffident in promiscuous soci- ety, yet enjoy the company of a select few of the opposite sex; with Adhesiveness, Benevolence, and Conscientiousness large, and Self- esteem small, are kind and affectionate in the family, yet not particu- 70 ANALYSIS OF TFIE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. larly fond of caressing or being caressed ; and do much to make family happy, yet will manifest no great fondness and tenderness ; with Order, Approbativeness, and Ideality large, seek in a companion personal neatness and polish of manners ; with full intellectual and moral faculties, base their conjugal attachments in the higher quali- ties of the affections, rather than their personal attractiveness or strength of passion m K but with a commonplace temperament, and not so full moral and intellectual faculties, are indifferent toward the op- posite sex, and rather cool toward them in manners and conversation ; neither attract nor are attracted much, are rather tame in love and marriage, and can live tolerably comfortable without loving or being beloved, etc. : p. 56. Moderate. — Are rather deficient, though not palpably so, in the love element, and averse to the other sex ; and love their mental ex- cellences more than personal charms ; show little desire to caress or be caressed ; and find it difficult to sympathize with a conjugal part- ner, unless the natural harmony between both is well-nigh perfect; care l«ss for marriage, and can live unmarried without inconvenience ; with Conjugality large, can love but once, and should marry the first love, because the love-principle will not be sufficiently strong to over- come the difficulties incident to its transfer, or the want of congen- iality, and find more pleasure in other things than in the matrimonial relations ; with an excitable temperament, will experience greater warmth and ardor than depth and uniformity of love ; with Ideality arge and organic quality 6, are fastidious and over-modest, and terri- bly shocked by allusions to love ; pronounce love a silly farce, only fit for crack-brained poets ; with Approbativeness large, will soon be- come alienated by rebukes and fault-finding ; with Adhesiveness and the moral and intellectual faculties large, can become strongly at- tached to those who are highly moral and intellectual, yet experience no affinity for any other, and to be happy in marriage, must base it in the higher faculties : p. 59. Small. — Dislike the opposite sex, and distrust and refuse to as- similate with them ; feel little sexual love, or desire to marry ; are cold, coy, distant, and reserved toward the other sex ; experience but little of the beautifying and elevating influence of love, and should not marry, because incapable of appreciating its. relations, and making a companion happy : p. 59. Very Small. — Are passively continent, and almost destitute of *>ve : p. 60. AMATIVENESS. 71 To Cultivate. — Mingle much in the society of the other sex ; observe and appreciate their excellences, and overlook their faults ; be as gallant, as gentlemanly or lady-like, as inviting, as prepossess- ing, as lively and entertaining in their society as you know how to be, and always on the alert to please them ; say as many compliment- ary and pretty, and as few disagreeable things as possible ; that is, try to cultivate and play the agreeable ; if not married, contemplate its advantages and pleasures, and be preparing to enjoy them ; if mar- ried, get up a second and an improved edition of courtship ; reenamor both yourself and conjugal partner, by becoming just as courteous, loving, and lovely as possible ; luxuriate in the company and conver-* sation of those well sexed, and imbibe their inspiriting influence ; be less fastidious, and more free and communicative ; establish a warm, cordial intimacy and friendship for them, and feast yourself on their masculine or feminine excellences ; if not married, marry, and cul- tivate the feelings, as well as live the life of a right and a hearty sex- uality. To Restrain. — Simply direct this love element more to the men- tal, and less to the personal qualities of the other sex ; admire and love them more for their minds than bodies, more for their moral pu- rity and conversational powers than as instruments of passion ; seek the society of the virtuous and good, but avoid that of the vulgar ; should mingle in their society to derive moral elevation and inspira- tion therefrom, and be made better, not to feed the fires of passion ; and yield to their moulding influences for good ; should be content to commune with their spirits , should sanctify and elevate the cast and tone of love, and banish its baser forms ; especially should lead a right physiological life — avoid tea and meats, and abstain wholly from coffee, tobacco, and all forms and degrees of alcoholic drinks, wines and beer included ; exercise much in the open air ; abstain wholly from carnal indulgence ; work off your vital force on othei functions as a relief of this ; bathe daily ; eat sparingly ; study and commune with nature ; cultivate the pure, intellectual, and moral as the best means of rising above the passional ; and put yourself on a high human plane throughout. Remember these two things — first, that you require its purification, elevation, and right direction rather than restraint, because it is more perverted than excessive — it can- not be too great if rightly exercised — and secondly, that the inflamed state of the body irritates and perverts this passion, of which a cool- lug regimen is a specific antidote : p. 218. 72 AN\*,YSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 2. CONJUGALITY. Fidelity. — Constancy in lo\e, monogamy; union for life ; first love ; the pairing instinct ; attachment to one conjugal partner; duality and exclusiveness of love. Perverted action — a broken heart ; jealousy ; envy toward love rivals. Located between Amativeness and Adhesiveness, and adapted to parents living with and educating all their own children together in the same family. Some birds, such as doves, eagles, geese, robins, etc., pair, and remain true to their connubial attachment ; while hens, turkeys, sheep, horses, and neat cattle associate promiscuously, which shows this to be a faculty distinct from Amativeness and Adhesiveness. Very Large. — Will select some one of the opposite sex as the sole object of love ; concentrate the whole soul on this single one beloved, magnifying excellences and overlooking faults ; long to be always with that one ; are exclusive, and require a like exclusive- ness ; are true and faithful in wedlock, if married in spirit ; possess the element of conjugal union, and flowing together of soul, in the highest degree, and with Continuity 6, become broken-hearted when disappointed, and comparatively worthless ; seek death rather than life ; regard this union as the gem of life, and its loss as worse than death ; and should manifest the utmost care to bestow itself only where it can be reciprocated for life. Large. — Seek one, and but one, sexual mate ; experience keen disappointment when love is interrupted ; are restless until the affec- tions are anchored ; are perfectly satisfied with the society of that one ; and should exert every faculty to win the heart and hand of the one beloved ; nor allow anything to alienate the affections. Fuel. — Can love cordially, yet are capable of changing the ob- ject, especially if Continuity is moderate ; will love for life, provided circumstances are favorable, yet will not bear everything from a lover or companion, and if one love is interrupted can form another. Average. — Are disposed to love but one for life, yet capable of changing their object, and, with Secretiveness and Approbativeness large, are capable of coquetry, especially if Amativeness is large, and Adhesiveness only full. Such should cultivate this faculty, by not blowing their other faculties to break their first love. PARENTAL LOVE. a 73 Moderate. -^ Are somewhat disposed to love only one; yet allow dther stronger faculties to interrupt that love, and, with Amativeness large, can form one attachment after another with comparative ease, yet are not true as a lover, nor faithful to the connubial union. Small. -^ Have but little conjugal love.,-and seek the promiscuous society, and affection of the opposite sex, rather than a single partner for life. Very Small. — Manifest none of this faculty, and experience little. To CtJLTivATE. — Never allow new faces to awaken new loves, i ut cling to tne first one, and cherish its associations and reminis- cences ; do not allow the affectionsto wander, but be much in the com- pany of the one already beloved, and both open your heart to love the iharnis, and keep up those thousand little attentions calculated to •evive "and -perpetuate conjugal love : p. 230. To RestrXix. — Seal up and bury the volume of your first affec- lion. Another will then take its place ; try to appreciate the excel- lences of others than the first love, remembering that " there are as -good fish in the sea as ever were caught ; " if a first love.:dies or is blighted, by no means allow yourself to. pore over the bereavement, but transfer affection just as soon as a suitable object can be found, and be industrious in finding one, by making yourself just as accept- able and charming as possible. Above all, do not allow a pining, sad feeling to crush you, nor allow hatred toward the other sex: p. 230. 3. PARENTAL LOVE. The Nurse. — Attachment to own offspring; love of chil- dren, the young, and pets ; playfulness with them. Adapted to that infantile condition in which man enters the World, and to children's need of parental care and education This faculty renders children the richest treasure of their parents; casts into the shade all the toil and expense they cause; and lacerates them with bitter pangs when death or dis- tance tears them asunder. It is much larger in woman than in man ; and nature requires mothers to take the principal care of /nfants. Perverted, it spoils children by excessive indulgence, pampering, and humoring. 74 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. Vkry Large. — Love their own children with the greatest possi- ble intensity and pathos; almost idolize their own children, grieve VERY LARGE. DEFICIENT. No. 143. — The Devoted Mother. No. 144. — Tr k Unmotherlt . immeasurably over their loss, and with large Continuity, refuse to be comforted ; with very large Benevolence, and only moderate Destruc- tiveness, cannot bear to see them punished, and with only moderate Causality, are liable to spoil them by over-indulgence ; with large Approbativeness added, indulge parental vanity and conceit ; with large Cautiousness and disordered nerves, caution them continually, and feel a world of groundless apprehensions about them ; with Ac- quisitiveness moderate, make them many presents, and lavish money upon them ; but with large Acquisitiveness, lay up fortunes for them . with large moral and intellectual organs, are indulgent, yet love them too well to spoil them ; and do their utmost to cultivate their higher faculties, etc. : p. 63. Large. — Love their own children devotedly ; value them above all price ; cheerfully endure toil and watching for their sake ; forbear with their faults; win their love; delight to play with them, and cheerfully sacrifice to promote their interests ; with Continuity large, mourn long and incessantly over their loss ; with Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-esteem large, are kindj yet insist on being obeyed ; with Self-esteem and Destructiveness moderate, are familiar with, and liable to be ruled by them ; with Firmness only average, manage them with an uneven hand ; with Cautiousness large, suffer extreme anxiety if they are sick or in danger ; with large moral and PARENTAL LOVE. 75 intellectual organs, and less Combativeness and Destructiveness, gov- ern them more by moral suasion than physical force — by reason than fear ; are neither too strict nor over-indulgent ; with Approbative- ness large, value their moral character as of the utmost importance ; with Veneration and Conscientiousness large, are particularly inter- ested in their moral improvement ; with large excitability, Combat- iveness, and Destructiveness, and only average Firmness, will be, by turns, too indulgent, then over-provoked — pet them one minute, but punish them the next ; with larger Approbaiiveness and Ideality than intellect, educate them more for show than usefulness — more fashionably than substantially — and dress them off in the extreme of fashion ; with a large and active brain, large moral and intellec- tual faculties, and Firmness,, and only full Combativeness, Destruc- tiveness, and Self-esteem, are well calculated to teach and manage the young. It renders farmers fond of stock, dogs, etc., and women of birds, lap-dogs, etc. ; girls of dolls, and boys of being among horses and cattle ; and love the young, weak, and petite : p. 62. Full. — Love their own children well, yet not passionately — do much for them, yet not more than necessary — and with large Com- bativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-esteem, are too severe, and make too little allowance for their faults \, but with Benevolence, Ad- hesiveness, and Conscientiousness large, do and sacrifice much to supply their wants and render them happy. Its character, however, will be mainly determined by its combinations : p. 63. Average. — Love their own children tolerably well, yet care but little for those of others ; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, like them better as they grow older, yet do and care little for infants ; are not duly tender to them, or forbearing toward their faults, and should cultivate parental fondness, especially if Combativeness, De- structiveness and Self-esteem are large: p. 61. Moderate. — Are not fond enough of children ; will not bear much from them ; fail to please or take good care of them, particu- larly of infants ; cannot endure to hear them cry, or make a noise, or disturb things ; and with an excitable temperament, and large Com- bativeness, are liable to punish them for trifling offenses, find much fault with them, and be sometimes cruel ; yet, with Benevolence and Adhesiveness large, do what is necessary for their comfort : p. 64. Small. — Care little for their own children, and still less for tliose af others; and with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, are liable to treat them unkindly and harshly, and are utterly unqualified to have charge of them : p. 64. 76 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. Very Small. — Have little or no parental love or regard for chil- dren, but conduct toward them as the other faculties dictate : p. 64. To Cultivate. — Play with and make much of children ; try to appreciate their loveliness and innocence, and be patient, tender, and indulgent toward them ; and if destitute of own children, adopt some, or provide something to, pet and fondle : 221. To Hkstrain. — Should set judgment over against affection; rear them intellectually ; feel less anxiety about them, and if a child dies, by all means turn from that loss by seeking some powerful di- version, and a change of associations, removing clothes and all re- membrances, and not talk or think about them 4. FRIENDSHIP. The Confidant. — Sociability; love of society; desire to congregate, associate, visit, make and entertain friends, etc. When perverted it forms attachments for the unworthy, and seeks bad company. It is adapted to man's requisition for con- cert of action, copartnership, combination, and community of feeling and interest, and is a leading element in his social rela- tions. Very Large. — Love friends with the utmost tenderness and in- tensity, and will sacrifice almost anything for their sake ; with Ama- tiveness large, are susceptible of the highest order of conjugal love, yet base that love primarily in friendship ; with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, defend friends with great spirit, and resent and retaliate their injuries ; with Self-esteem moderate, take character from associates ; with Acquisitiveness moderate, allow friends free use of purse; but with Acquisitiveness large, will do more than give ; with Benevolence and Approbativeness moderate, and Acquis- itiveness only full, will spend money freely for social gratification ; with Self-esteem and Combativeness large, must be first or nothing; but with only average Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-es- teem, large Approbativeness, Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Ideal- ity, and reasoning organs, make many friends, and few enemies; are amiable and universally beloved ; with large Eventuality and Lan- guage, recount with vivid emotions, by-gone scenes of social cheer and friendly converse ; with laroe reasoning organs, give good advice to friends, and lay excellent plans for them ; with smaller Secretive* FRIENDSHIP. 77 ness and large moral organs, believe no ill of them, and dread the interruption of friendship as the greatest of calamities ; willingly make any sacrifice required by friendship, and evince a perpetual flow of that commingling of soul, and desire to become one with others, which this faculty inspires : p. 65. Large. — Are warm, cordial, and ardent in friendship; readily form acquaintances, and attract friendly regards in return ■; must have society of some kind ; with Benevolence large, are hospitable and de- light to entertain friends ; with Alimentiveness large, love the social banquet, and set the best before friends ; with Approbativeness large, prize their commendation, but are terribly cut by their rebukes ; with the moral faculties large, seek the society of the moral and elevated, and can enjoy. the friendship of no others ; with the intellectual facul- ties large, seek the society of the intelligent ; with Language large, and Secretiveness small, talk freely in company ; and with Mirthful- ness and Ideality also large, are full of lun, and give a lively, jocose turn to conversation, yet are elevated and refined ; with Self-esteem large, lead off in company, and give tone and character to others ; but with Self-esteem small, receive character from friends, and with Imitation large, are liable to copy their faults as well as virtues ; with Cautiousness, Secretiveness, and Approbativeness large, are apt to be jealous of regards bestowed upon others, and exclusive in the choice of friends — having a few select, rather than many commonplace; with large Causality and Comparison, love philosophical conversa- tion, literary societies, etc., and are every way sociable and compan- ionable : p. Go. Full. — Make a sociable, companionable, warm-hearted friend, sacrifice much on the altar of friendship, yet offer up friendship on the altar of the stronger passions ; with large or very large Combat- iveness, Destructiveness, Self-esteem, Approbativeness, and Acquis- itiveness, serve self first, and friends afterward ; form attachments, and break them when they conflict with the stronger faculties ; with large Secretiveness and moderate Conscientiousness, are double-faced, and profess more friendship than is felt ; with Benevolence large, cheerfully aid friends, yet more from sympathy than affection ; have a few warm friends, yet only few, but perhaps many speaking acquaint ances ; and with the higher faculties generally large, are true, good friends, yet by no means enthusiastic. Many of the combinations ug- lier Adhesiveness large, apply to it when full, allowance being m.M>H for its diminished power : p. 66. 78 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. Average. — Are capable of quite strong friendships, yet theif character is determined by the larger faculties ; enjoy present friends, yet sustain their absence ; with large Acquisitiveness, place business before friends, and sacrifice them whenever they conflict with money making ; with Benevolence large, are more kind than affectionate, relish friends, yet sacrifice no great for their sake ; with Amativeness large, love the person of the other sex more than their minds, and experience less conjugal love than animal passion ; with Approba- tiveness large, break friendship when ridiculed or rebuked, and with Secretiveness large, and Conscientiousness only average, cannot be trusted in friendships : p. 64. Moderate. — Love society somewhat, and form a few, but only few, attachments, and these only partial ; may have many speaking acquaintances, but make few intimate friends ; with large Combat- iveness and Destructiveness, are easily offended with friends, and sel- dom retain them long ; with large Benevolence, bestow services, and with moderate Acquisitiveness, money more readily than affection ; but with the selfish faculties strong, take care of self first, and make friendship subservient to interest: p. 67. Small. — Think and care little for friends ; dislike copartnership, are cold-hearted, unsocial, and selfish ; take little delight in company ; prefer to be alone ; have few friends, and with large selfish faculties, many enemies, and manifest too little of this faculty to exert a per- ceptible influence upon character : p. 6 7. Very Small. — Are perfect strangers to friendship : p. 67. To Cultivate. — Go more into society; associate freely with those around you ; open your heart; be less exclusive and distant; keep your room less, but go more to parties, and strive to be as com- panionable and familiar as you well can ; nor refuse to affiliate with those not exactly to your liking, but like what you can, and overlook faults: 226. To Restrain. • — Go abroad less, and be more select in choosing friends ; besides guarding yourself against those persuasions and in- fluences friends are apt to exercise over you, and trust friends less, an well as properly direct friendship by intellect : 227. INHABITIVEXESS. 79 5. INHABITIVENESS. No. 145. — Clay, the Patriot. The Patriot. — Love of domicil, and country ; of home, house, and the place where one lives and has lived. The home feeling ; love of house, the place where one was born or has lived, and of home associations. Adapted to man's need of an abiding place, in which to exercise the family feelings ; patriotism. Perversion — homesickness when away from home, and needless pining after it Very Large. — Are liable to homesickness when away from home, especially for the first time, and the more so if Parental Love and Adhesiveness are large; will suffer almost any inconvenience, and forego bright prospects rather than leave home ; and remain in an inferior house or place of business rather than change. For com- binations, see Inhabitiveness large : p. 68. Large. — Have a strong desire to locate young, and have a home or room exclusively ; leave home with great reluctance, and return with extreme delight ; soon become attached to house, sleeping-room, garden, fields, furniture, etc., and highly prize domestic associations ; are not satisfied without a place on which to expend this home in- stinct ; with Parental Love, Adhesiveness, Individuality, and Local- ity large, will love to travel, yet be too fond of home to stay away long at a time ; may be a cosmopolite in early life, and love to see the world, but will afterward settle down ; with Approbativeness and Combativeness large, will defend national honor, praise own country, government, etc., and defend both country and fireside with great spirit; with Ideality large, will beautify home ; with Friendship large, will delight to see friends at home rather than abroad ; with Alimen- tiveness large, will better enjoy food at home than elsewhere, etc. . p. 68. Full, — Prefer to live in one place, yet willingly change it when 80" ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. interest or the other faculties require ; and with large Parental Love, Adhesiveness, and Amativeness, will think more of family and friends than of the domicile : p. 69. Average. — Love home tolerably well, yet with no great fervcr, and .change the place of abode as the other faculties may dictate; fake some, but no great interest in house or place, as such, or pleas- ure in their improvement, and are satisfied with ordinary home comforts ; with Acquisitiveness large, spend reluctantly for its im- provement ; with Constructiveriess moderate, take little pleasure in building additions to home ; with Individuality and Locality large, love travelling more than staying in one place, and are satisfied with inferior home accommodations : p. 63. Moderate or Small. — Care little for home ; leave it without much regret; contemplate it with little delight; take little pains with it ; and with Acquisitiveness large, spend reluctantly for its improve- ment : p. 69. Very Small. — Feel little, and show less, love of domicile, as such. To Cultivate. — Stay more at home, and cherish a love of it and its associations and joys, and also love of country : 232. To Restrain. — Go from home, and banish that feeling of home- sickness experienced away from home, by diversions : 233. 6. CONTINUITY. The Finisher. — Consecutiveness ; connectedness; poring over one thing till it is done ; prolixity ; unity. Dwelling patiently upon one thing till it is done ; consecu- tiveness and connectedness of thought and feeling. Adapted to man's need of doing one thing at a time. Perversion — prolixity, repetition, and excessive amplification. Very Large. — Fix the mind upon objects slowly, yet cannot leave them unfinished ; have great application, yet lack intensity or point; are tedious, prolix, and thorough in a few things, rather than an amateur in many : p. 70. Large. — - Give the whole mind to the one thing in hand till it is finished ; complete at the time ; keep up one common train of thought, or current of feeling, for a long time; are disconcerted if attention is directed to a second object, and cannot duly consider either ; with Adhesiveness large, pore sadly over the loss of friends for montha CONTINUITY. 81 CONTINUITY LARGE. No. 146. — Rev. Dr. Bush. and years ; with the moral facul- ties large, are uniform and con- sistent in religious exercises and character ; with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, re- tain grudges and dislikes for a long time ; with Ideality, Compar- ison, and Language large, am- plify and sustain figures of speech ; with the intellectual faculties large, con and pore over one sub- ject of thought or study, and im- part a unity and completeness to intellectual investigations ; be- come thorough in whatever is commenced, and rather postpone until sure of completing : p. 70. Full. — Dwell continuously upon subjects, unless especially called to others ; prefer to finish up matters in hand, yet can, though with difficulty, give attention to other things ; with the business or- gans large, make final settlements ; with the feelings strong, continue their action, yet are not monotonous, etc. : p. 71. Average. — Can dwell upon one thing, or divert attention to sev- eral, as occasion requires ; are not confused by interruption, yet prefer one thing at a time; with the intellectual organs large, are not smatterers, nor yet profound ; with the mental temperament, are clear in style, and consecutive in idea, yet never tedious ; with Compari- son large, manufacture expressions and ideas consecutively and con-, nectedly, and always to the point, yet never dwell unduly : p. 70. Moderate. — Love and indulge variety and change of thought, feeling, occupation, etc. ; are not confused by them ; rather lack ap- plication ; with a good intellectual lobe and an active temperament, learn and do a little about a good many things, rather than much about any one thing ; think clearly, and have unity and intensity of thought and feeling, yet lack connectedness ; with large Language and small Secretiveness, talk easily, but not long at a time upon any one thing ; do better on the spur of the moment than by previous preparation ; and should cultivate consistency of character and fixed- ness of mind, by finishing all begun : p. 71. Small. — With Activity great, commence many things, yet finish 82 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. few ; crave novelty and variety ; thrust many irons in the fire ; lac-* application; jump rapidly from premise to conclusion, and fail tc connect and carry out ideas ; lack steadiness and consistency of char- acter ; may be brilliant, yet cannot be profound ; humming-bird like, dy rapidly from thing to thing, but do not stay long ; have many good thoughts, yet they are scattered ; and talk on a great variety of sub- jects in a short time, but fail sadly in consecutiveness of feeling, thought and action. An illustrative anecdote : An old and faithful servant to a passionate, petulant master finally told him he could en- dure his testiness no longer, and must leave, though with extreme re- luctance. " But," replied the master, " you know I am no sooner angry than pleased again." " Aye, but," replied the servant, " you are no sooner pleased than angry again : " p. 71. Very Small. — Are restless, and given to perpetual change ; with Activity great, are composed of gusts and counter-gusts of pas- sion, and never one thing more than an instant at a time : p. 72. To CuLTivate. — Dwell on, and pore over, till you complete the thing in hand ; make thorough work ; and never allow your thoughts to wander, or attention to be distracted, or indulge diversity or vari- ety in anything : p. 284. To Restrain. — Engage in what will compel you to attend to a great many different things in quick succession, and break up that, prolix, long-winded monotony caused by its excess : p. 234. Selfish Propensities. These provide for man's bodily wants ; create our animal de- sires and instincts, and supply those wants which relate more especially to his physical necessities. Very Large. — Experience great intensity of the animal im- pulses ; enjoy personal existence and pleasures with the keenest rel- ish ; and with great excitability or a fevered state of body, are strong- ly predisposed to sensual gratifications and passional desires ; yet if properly directed, and sanctified by the higher faculties, have tremen- dous force of character and energy of mind. Large. — Have strong animal desires ; and that selfishness which takes good care of number one ; are strongly attached to this world and its pleasures ; and with activity great, use vigorous exertions to accomplish worldly and personal ends ; with the moral organs less SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 83 than the selfish, connected with bodily disease, are liable to their de« praved and sensual manifestation ; but with the moral and intellec- tual large, and a healthy organization, have great force, energy, de- termination, and that efficiency which accomplishes wonders. Full. — Have a good share of energy and physical force, yet no more than is necessary to cope with surrounding difficulties ; and with large moral and intellectual faculties, manifest more mental than physical power. Average. — Have a fair share of animal force, yet hardly enough to grapple with life's troubles and wrongs ; with large moral and in- tellectual faculties, have more goodness than efficiency, and enjoy quiet more than conflict with men ; and fail to manifest what good- ness and talent are possessed. Moderate. — Rather lack efficiency; yield to difficulties; nee^ more fortitude and determination ; fail to assert and maintain rights • and with large moral organs, are good-hearted, moral, etc., yet border on tameness. Small. — Accomplish little ; lack courage and force, and with large intellectual organs, are talented, yet utterly fail to manifest that talent; and with large moral organs, are so good as to be good for nothing. To Cultivate. — Keep a sharp eye on your own interests ; look out well for number one ; fend off* imposition ; harden up ; don't be so good ; and in general cultivate a burly, driving, self-caring, phys- ical, worldly spirit ; especially increase the physical energies by ob- serving the health laws, as this will reincrease these animal desires. To Restrain. — First and most, obviate all causes of physical inflammation and false excitement ; abstain from spirituous liquors, wines, tobacco, mustards, spices, all heavy and rich foods ; eat lightly, and of farinaceous rather than of flesh diet, for meat is directly calculated to excite the animal passions; avoid temptation and in- centives to anger and sensuality ; especially associate only with the good, never with those who are vulgar or vicious ; but most of all, cultivate the higher, purer moral faculties, and aspire to the high and £ood ; also cultivate love of Nature's beauties and works, as the very best means of restraining the animal passions. 7. VITATIVENESS. The Doctor. — Love and tenacity of life ; resistance to Si ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. disease and death; dread of annihilation ; clinging tenaciously to existence, for its own sake ; toughness ; constitution. Ve:ry Large. — Shrink from death, and cling to life with desper- ation : struggle with the utmost determination against disease and death ; never give up to die till the very last, and then only by inches ; with Cautiousness very large, and Hope moderate, shudder at the very thought of dying, or being dead ; but with Hope large, ex- pect to live against hope. The combinations are like those undei Large, allowance being, made for the increase of this faculty, p. Large. — Struggle resolutely through fits of sickness, and will not give up to die till absolutely compelled to do so. With large animal organs, cling to life on account of this world's gratifications; with large moral organs, to do good — to promote human happiness, etc. ; with large social faculties, love life both for its own bake and to bless family ; with very large Cautiousness, dread to change the present mode of existence, and with large and perverted Veneration and Con- scientiousness, and small Hope, have an indescribable dread of enter- ing upon an untried future state ; but with Hope large, and a culti^ vated intellect, expect to exist hereafter, etc. Full. — Love life, and cling tenaciously to it, yet not extrava- gantly ; are loth to die, and yield to disease and death, though reluc- tantly. Aver ag k. — Enjoy life, and cling to it with a fair degree of ear- nestness, yet by no means with passionate fondness ; and with a given constitution and health, will die easier and sooner than with this organ large. Moderate or Small. — Like to live, yet care no great about, existence for its own sake ; with large animal or domestic organs, may wish to live on account of family, or business, or worldly pleas- ures, yet care less about it for its own sake, and yield it up with little reluctance or dread. , Very Small. — Have no desire to live merely for the sake of living, but only to gratify other faculties. To Cultivate. — Think on the value of life, and plan things to be done and pleasure to be enjoyed worthy to live for: 236. To Restrain. — Guard against a morbid love of life, and dread of* death, but regard death as much as possible as a natural institution, *nd this life as the pupilage for a better state of being : 237. C0MBAT1VENESS. 85 8. COMBATIVENESS The Bkfender. — Courage persistence ; boldness ; resist- ance ; defense ; self-protection ; spirit; desire to encounter; love of opposition ; defiance ; determination ; presence of mind ; get-oUt-of-my-way ; let- me-and-mine-alone. Adapted to man's requisition for over- coming obstacles, contending for rights, etc. Perversion — No. 147. — Yery Large. wrath; contrariety; fault-find- ing; contention ; ill-nature ; and fighting. Yery Large. — Show always and everywhere the utmost hero- ism, boldness, and courage ; can face the cannon's mouth coolly, and look death in the face without flinching ; put forth remarkable efforts in order to carry measures ; grapple right in with difficulties with a real relish, and dash through them as if mere trifles ; love pioneer life and adventurous, even hazardous expeditions ; shrink from no danger ; are appalled by no hardships ; prefer a rough and daring life — one of struggle and hair-breadth escapes — to a quiet, mo- notonous business ; are determined never to be conquered, even by superior odds, but incline to do battle single-handed against an army ; with Cautiousness only full, show more valor than discretion, are often fool-hardy, and always in hot water ; with smaller Secretive- ness and Approbativeness, are most unamiable, if not hateful ; with drinking habits and bad associates, have a most violent, ungoverna- ble temper ; are desperate, most bitter, and hateful, and should nevei be provoked. For additional combinations see large, allowing fo'i difference in size : p. «77. Large. — Are bold, resolute, fearless, determined, disposed to grapple with and remove obstacles, and drive whatever is under- taken; love debate and opposition; are perfectly cool and intrepid ; lave great presence of mind in times of danger, and nerve to encoun- ter it ; with large Parental Love, take the part of children ; with large Inhabitiveness, defend country ; with activity large and vitality nio .• care of self; fly to others for protection; can do little, and feel like ^/ing to do stillless^fail to realize or put forth strength ; and wto !arge Cautiousness added, see lions where there are none, and maV> moun- tains of mole-hills J; and with small Hope added, are literacy g&xl for nothing; but with large Hope and Firmness, and full Sfli-^s'.ejmand Combativeness, accomplish considerable, yet in a quie^t *^ay, and by perseverance more than force — by siege rather thai? Y/ stern — and with large intellectual and moral facilities added, rr*> good, though not tame ; exert a good influence, and that always ? .esl'liifal, and are mournedrnore when dead than prized while living. TUe combinations under this organ large, reversed, apply to it when vrDderate : p. ?-4. Small. — "With large moral faculties, possess V/O tender a sor] to enjoy our world as it is, or to endure hardships of bad treatment; can neither endure nor cause suffering, anger being s * little as to pro- oke only ridicule, and need hardness and force : p. &2. Very Small. — Experience little, and manifo&t none of thi fac- ulty. 90 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES, To Cultivate. — Destroy anything and everything in your way. Killing weeds, blasting rocks, felling trees, using edge-tools, tearing up roots, plowing new ground, cultivating new farms, hunting, exer- cising indignation when wronged, and against public wrongs ; espous- ing the cause of the oppressed ; fighting public evils, such as intem- perance and the like, are all calculated to cultivate and strengthen this faculty. Still, care should be taken to exercise it under the con- trol of the higher faculties, and then no matter how great that exer- cise : 242. To Restrain. — Kill nothing; and offset Destructiveness by Be- nevolence ; never indulge a rough, harsh spirit, but cultivate instead a mild and forgiving temper ; never brood over injuries or indulge re- vengeful thoughts or desires, or aggravate yourself by thinking over wrongs ; cultivate good manners ; and when occasion requires you to reprove, do it in a bland, gentle manner rather than roughly ; never tease, even children, or scourge animals, but be kind to both, and offset by Benevolence and the higher faculties : 243, 10. ALIMENTIVENESS. No. 150. — Very Large. No. 151. — Small. King Louis XIV. A great Banqueter. A poor Feeder. The Feeder. — Appetite; the feeding instinct; relish for food ; hunger. Adapted to man's need of food, and of an eating instinct. Perverted, it produces gormandizing and gluttony, and causes dyspepsia with all its evils. ALIMENTIVENESS. 91 Very Large. — Often eat more than is requisite ; enjoy food exceedingly well ; and hence are liable to clog body and mind by overeating ; should restrain appetite ; will feel better by going with- out an occasional meal, and are liable to dyspepsia. This faculty is liable to take on a diseased action, and crave a much greater amount of food than nature requires, and hence is the great cause of dyspep- sia. Its diseased action may be known by a craving, hankering, gone sensation before eating ; by heart-burn, pain in the stomach, eructa- tions, a dull, heavy, or painful sensation in the head, and a desire to be always nibbling at something : lives to eat, instead of eating to live, and should at once be eradicated by omitting one meal daily, and, in its stead, drinking abundantly of cold water. Large. — Have a hearty relish for food : set a hi-h value upon table enjoyments, and solid, hearty food ; with Acquisitiveness large, lay up abundance of too 1 for future use — perhaps keep so much on hand that some spoi s ; with Ideality large, must eat from a clean plate, and have food nicely cooked; with large Language and intel- lect, enjoy table-talk exceedingly, and participate in it : with large social faculties, must eat with others; can cook well, if practiced in culinary arts; and with larger Approbativeness and Ideality than Causality, are apt to be ceremonious and over-polite at table, etc. Such should restrain this faculty by eating less, more slowly, and sel- dom : p. 86. Full. — With a healthy stomach, eat freely what is offered, asking no questions ; enjoy it, but not extravagantly ; rarely overeat, except when the stomach is disordered, and then experience that hankering above described, which a right diet alone can cure. For combina- tions, see Large : p. 87. Average. — Enjoy food well, and eat with a fair relish ; yet rarely overeat, except when rendered craving by dyspeptic com- plaints: p. 86. Moderate. — Rather lack appetite; eat with little relish, and hence require to pamper and cultivate appetite by dainties, and en- joying rich flavors ; can relish food only when other circumstances are favorable ; feel little hunger, and eat to live, instead of living to eat; with Eventuality small, cannot remember from one meal to an- other what was eaten at the last : p. 87. Small. — Eat " with long teeth," and little relish ; hardly know or care what or when they eat ; and should pay more attention ta duly feeding the body : p. 88. Very Small. — Are almost wholly destitute of appetite. 92 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. This faculty is more liable to perversion than any other, and excess- ive and fast eating occasions more sickness, and depraves the animal passions more than all other causes combined. Properly to feed the body is of the utmost importance. Whenever this faculty becomes diseased, the first object should be to restore its natural function by right eating. Medicines rarely do it. To Cultivate. — Consider before you provide or order your meals what would relish best, and as far as possible provide what seems to you will taste good ; pamper appetite ; eat leisurely, and as if determined to extract from your food all the rich flavors it may con- tain, and in eating be governed more by flavor than quantity ; en- deavor to get up an appetite, even when you feel none, by eating some dainty, as if to see if it were not good ; do by food and drinks as wine connoisseurs do in testing viands : taste things with a view of ascertaining their relative flavors ; in short, exercise and indulge appetite ; also, do as directed in order to cultivate digestion : 245. To Restrain. — Eat but seldom — for by keeping away from table this faculty remains comparatively quiet ; and when you eat, eat slowly, leisurely, quietly, pleasurably, as if determined to enjoy eat- ing, for this satisfies appetite with much less food than to eat vora- ciously; mingle pleasant conversation with meals; direct attention more to how good your food than how much you eat ; always leave the table with a good appetite, and stop the moment you have to resort to condiments or desserts to keep up appetite ; eat like the epicure, but not like the gourmand — as if you would enjoy a little rather than devour so much ; eat sparingly, for the more you eat the more you re- inflame the stomach, and thereby reincrease that hankering you need to restrain : 246. F. BIBATIVENESS OR AQUATIVENESS. (Located in front of Alimentiveness.) TnE Drinker, and the Swimmer. — Love of liquids ; fondness for water, washing, bathing, swimming, sailing, stimulants, etc. Adapted to the existence and utility of water. Perversion — drinking in excessive quantities ; drunkenness ; and unquenchable thirst. Very Large. — Are excessively fond of water, whether applied internally or externally, and a natural swimmer ; and with Individu- ality and Locality, a natural seaman ; with large Adhesiveness and ACQUISITIVENESS. 93 Apprbhativeness, ano small Self-esteem and Acquisitiveness, should avoid the social glass, for fear of being overcome by it. Large. — Love to drink freely and frequently; experience much thirst ; enjoy washing, swimming, bathing, etc., exceedingly, and are benefited by them ; with Ideality large, love water prospects. Full. — Enjoy water well, but not extravagantly ; drink freely when the stomach is in a fevered state, and are benefited by its judi- cious external application. Average. — Like to drink at times, after working freely or per- spiring copiously, yet ordinarily care little about it. Moderate. — Partake of little water, except occasionally, and are not particularly benefited by its external application, further than is necessary for cleanliness ; dislike shower or plunge-baths, and rather dread than enjoy sailing, swimming, etc., especially when Cautious- ness is large. Small. — Care little for liquids in any of their forms, or for any soups, and, with large Cautiousness, dread to be on or near the water ; with Alimentiveness large, prefer solid, hard food to puddings or broth, etc. Very Small. — Have an unqualified aversion to water and aD fluids. 1L ACQUISITIVENESS. LARGE. S T o. 152. - Wm. Teller, Tjhef and mukdfrer. No. 153. — Mr. Gosse— gave aw. two Fortunes. The Merchant. — Economy; frugality; the acquiring laving, and laying-up instinct; laying up a surplus, and allow- 94 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. nig nothing to be wasted; desire to possess and own; the niine-and-lhine feeling; claiming of one's own things; love of trading and amassing property. Adapted to man's need of lay- ing up the necessaries and comforts of life against future needs. Perversion — a miserly, grasping, close-fisted penuriousness. Very Large. — Hasten to be rich; are too eager after wealth ; too industrious ; too close in making bargains ; too small in dealing ; with moderate Hope and large Cautiousness, are penny wise but pound foolish ; hold the sixpence too close to the eye to see the dollar farther off*, and give entire energies to amassing property ; with smaller Secretiveness and large Conscientiousness, are close, yet honest ; will have dues, yet want no more, and never employ deception ; but, with large Secretiveness and but average Conscientiousness, make money anyhow; palm off inferior articles for good ones, or at least over- praise those on sale, but run down in buying ; and with large Parental Love and perceptives added, can make a finished horse-jockey ; with small Self-esteem, are small and mean in deal, and stick for the half cent ; with very large Hope and only full Cautiousness, embark too deeply in business, and are liable to fail ; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, will do for friends more than give, and had rather circulate the subscription-paper than sign it ; with large Hope and Secretiveness, and only average Cautiousness, buy more than can be paid for, pay more in promises than money, should adopt a cash busi- ness, and check the manifestations of this faculty by being less penu- rious and industrious, and more liberal : p. 92. Large. — Save for future use what is not wanted for present ; allow nothing to go to waste; turn everything to a good account; buy closely and make the most of everything ; are industrious, econom- ical, and vigorously employ all means to accumulate property ; desire to own and possess much ; with large social organs, industriously acquire property for domestic purposes, yet are saving in the family ; with very large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, are industrious in making money, yet spend it too freely upon friends ; with large I lope added, are too apt to indorse for them ; with small Secretive- ntss, and activity greater than power, are liable to overdo, and take on too much work in order to save, so much as often to incur sickness, and thus lose more than gain ; with large Approbativeness and small Secretiveness, boast of wealth, but with large Secretiveness, keep pecuniary affairs secret ; with large Constructiveness, incline to make noney by engaging in some mechanical branch of business ; with ACQUISITIVENESS. 95 large Cautiousness, are provident ; with large Ideality, keep things very nice, and are tormented by whatever mars beauty ; with large intellectual organs, love to accumulate books, and whatever facilitates intellectual progress ; with large Veneration and Self-esteem, set great store by antique and rare coins, and specimens, etc. : p. 89. Full. — Take good care of possessions, and use vigorous exer (ions to enhance them ; value property for itself and its uses ; artf industrious, yet not grasping ; and saving, without being close ; with large Benevolence, are too ready to help friends ; and with larg$ Hope added, too liable to indorse ; and with an active temperament, too industrious to come to want ; yet too generous ever to be rich . p. 93. Average. — Love property ; yet the other faculties spend quite as fast as this faculty accumulates ; with Cautiousness large or very large, love property in order to be safe against future want ; with large Approbativeness, desire it to keep up appearances ; with large Conscientiousness, to pay debts ; with large intellectual organs, will pay freely for intellectual attainments ; yet the kind of property and objects sought in its acquisition depends upon other and larger faculties : p. 89. Moderate. — Value and make property more for its uses than itself; seek it as a means rather than an end ; with Cautiousness large, may evince economy from tear of coming to want, or with other large organs, to secure other ends, yet care little for property on its own account ; are rather wasteful ; do not excel in bargaining, or like it ; have no great natural pecuniary tact, or money-making capability, and are in danger of living quite up to income ; with Ideality large, must have nice things, no matter how costly, yet do not take first- rate care of them ; disregard small expenses ; purchase to consume as soon as to keep ; prefer to enjoy earnings now to laying them up ; with large domestic organ, spend freely for family ; with strong Ap- pvobativeness and moderate Cautiousness, are extravagant, and con- tract debts to make a display ; with Hope large, run deeply in debt, and spend money before it is earned : p. 94. Small. — Hold money loosely ; spend it often without getting its value ; care little how money goes ; with Hope very large, enjoy money to-day without saving for to-morrow ; and with large Appro- bativeness and Ideality added, and only average Causality, are prodi- gal, and spend money to poor advantage ; contract debts without pro- viding for their payment, etc. : p. 95. 96 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. Very Small. — Neither heed nor know the value of money; are wasteful ; spend all they can get ; lack industry, and will be always in want : p. 95. The back part of this organ, called Acquisition, accumulates prop- erty ; the fore part, called Accumulation, saves ; the former large and latter small, encompass sea and land to make a dollar, and then throw it away, which is an American characteristic ; and get many things, but allow them to go to waste. Properly to spend money im- plies a high order of wisdom. Every dollar should be made an in- strument of the highest happiness. To Cultivate. — Try to estimate the value of money intellectu- ally, and save up as a philosophy ; economize time and means ; culti- vate industry ; engage in some mercenary business ; determine to get rich, and use the means for so doing, and be what you consider even small in expenditures ; lay by a given sum at stated times, without thinking to use it except in extreme want ; and when enough is laid by, make a first payment on real estate, or launch into business, thus compelling yourself both to save the driblets, and earn what you can in order to save yourself, and do by intellect what you are not dis- posed to do by intuition : p. 249. To Restrain. — Think less of dollars ; study means for enjoying your property ; often quit business for recreation ; attend more rela- tively to other life ends, less to mere money-getting ; that is, cultivate the other faculties, and be more generous : p. 250. 12. SECRETIVENESS. No. 155. — * Small. No. 154. — Large. The Concealer. — Tact; self government ; ability to re btrain feelings ; policy ; management ; reserve ; evasion ; dis SECRETIVENESS. 97 cretion ; cunning; double-dealing; adapted to man's requisi- tion for self-control. Perverted, it causes duplicity, double- dealing, lying, deception, and all kinds of false pretensions. It is located in the centre of the animal group, doubtless because we require to restrain our passions most. Very Large. — Are non-committal and cunning in the extreme, and with only average Conscientiousness, deceptive, tricky, foxy, double-dealing, and unworthy to be trusted ; with large Acquisitive- ness added, will both cheat and lie ; with large Cautiousness, are un- fathomable even by acknowledged friends ; with very large moral organs, and only average or full propensities, are not dangerous, and have a good moral basis, yet instinctively employ many stratagems calculated to cover up the real motives ; and should cultivate open- ness and sincerity : p. 98. Large. — Throw a veil over countenance, expression, and conduct; appear to aim at one thing, while accomplishing another ; love to sur- prise others ; are enigmatical, mysterious, guarded, politic, shrewd, managing, employ humbug, and are hard to be found out ; with Cau- tiousness large, take extra pains to escape detection ; with Conscien- tiousness also large, will not tell a lie, yet will not always tell the truth ; evade the direct question, and are equivocal, and though hon- est in purpose, yet resort to many little cunning devices ; with large intellectual organs and Cautiousness, express ideas so guardedly as to lack distinctness and directness, and hence to be often misunderstood ; with large Approbativeness, take many ways to secure notoriety, and hoist some false colors ; with large Acquisitiveness, employ too much cunning in pecuniary transactions, and unless checked by still larger Conscientiousness, are not always strictly truthful or honest ; with large social organs, form few friendships, and those only after years of acquaintance, nor evince half the attachment felt ; are distant in society, and communicate even with friends only by piecemeal ; divulge very few plans or business matters to acquaintances, or even to friends ; lack communicativeness, and have little or no fresh- hearted expression of feeling, but leave an impression of uncertainty as to character and intention : p. 96. Full. — Evince much self-government ; yet, if the temperament is active, when the feelings do break forth, manifest them with unusual intensity; with large Acquisitiveness and Cautiousness, 'ommunicate but little respecting pecuniary affairs ; with large Approbativeness, 7 98 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. take the popular side of subjects, and sail only with the current o* « public opinion ; with Conscientiousness large, are upright in motive, and tell the truth, but not always the whole truth ; and though never ' hoist false colors, yet do not always show true ones : p. 99. Average. — Maintain a fair share of self-government, except when under excitement, and then let the whole mind out fully ; with large Combativeness and an active temperament, though generally able to control resentment, yet, when once provoked, show the full extent of their anger ; with large Cautiousness, see that there is no danger before allowing the feelings to burst forth ; but with an ex- citable temperament, and especially a deranged stomach, show a gen- eral want of policy and self-government, because the feelings are too strong to be kept in cheek ; but if this faculty is manifested in con- nection with stronger faculties, it evinces considerable power, yet is wanting when placed in opposition to them : p. 96. Moderate. — Express feelings with considerable fullness ; pursue an open, direct course ; are sincere and true ; employ but little policy, and generallv £;ive full vent to thoughts and feelings ; with Cautious- ness large, evince prudence in deeds, but imprudence in words ; ex- press opinions unguardedly, yet are safe and circumspect in conduct ; with large Acquisitiveness and Conscientiousness, are honest, and think others equally so ; are too easily victimized by the confidence man ; prefer the one-price system in dealing, and cannot bear to banter ; with large Adhesiveness, are sincere and open-hearted in friendship, and communicate with perfect freedom ; with large Conscientious- ness and Combativeness added, are truthful, and speak the whole mind too bluntly ; with fine feelings, and a good moral organization, man- ifest the higher, finer feelings without restraint or reserve, so as to be the more attractive ; are full of goodness, and show all that goodness without any intervening veil ; manifest in looks and actions what is passing within ; express all mental operations with fullness, freedom, and force ; choose direct and unequivocal modes of expression ; disclose faults as freely as virtues, and leave none at a loss as to the real char- acter ; but with the harsher elements predominant, appear more hating and hateful than they really are, because all is blown right out : p. 100. Small. — Are perfectly transparent; seem to be just what, and all they really are ; disdain concealment in all forms ; are no hypocrites, but positive and unequivoca 1 *n all said and done ; carry the soul in the hands and face, and make way directly to the feelings of others, because expressing them so unequivocally ; are too spontaneous ; with CAUTIOUSNESS. 99 *arge Cautiousness, are guarded in action, but unguarded in expres- sion ; free the mind regardless of consequences, yet show much pru- lence in other respects ; with Conscientiousness large, love the truth wherever it exists, and open the mind freely to evidence and convic tion ; are open and aboveboard in everything, and allow all the men tal operations to come right out, unveiled and uriestrained, so thai their full force is seen and felt : p. 101. Very Small. — Conceal nothing, but disclose everything : p. To Cultivate. — Supply by intellect that guardedness and pol- icy lacked by instinct; try to "lie low, and keep dark," and suppress jour natural outgushings of feeling and intellect; cultivate self-control by subjecting all you say and do to judgment, instead of allowing mo- mentary impulses to rule conduct ; do not tell all you know or intend to do, and occasionally pursue a roundabout course ; be guarded, pol- itic, and wary in everything; do not make acquaintances or confide in people as much as is natural, but treat everybody as if they needed watching : 252. To Kestraix. — Cultivate a direct, straightforward, aboveboard, and open way, and pursue a course just the opposite from the one sug- gested for its cultivation : 253. 13. CAUTIOUSNESS. The Sentinel. — Carefulness ; prudence ; solicitude ; anx ;ety ; watchfulness ; apprehension ; security ; protection : pro- vision against want and danger ; foreseeing and avoiding pro- spective evils; the watchman ; discretion ; care; vigilance. Adapted to ward off surrounding clangers, and make those provisions necessary for future happiness. Perversion — irres olution ; timidity ; procrastination ; indecision ; fright ; panic. Very Largf. — Are over-anxious; always on the lookout ; wor- ried about trifles ; afraid of shadows ; forever getting ready, because fo many provisions to make ; are careful in business ; often revise de- cisions, because afraid to trust the issue ; live in perpetual fear of evils mid accidents; take extra pains with everything; lack promptness and lecision, and run no large risks; put off' till to-morrow what ought to be done to-day; with excitability large, live in a constant panic; procrastinate ; are easily frightened ; see mountains of evil where •iiere are only mole-hills ; are often unnerved by fright, and overcomes 100 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. by false afarms ; with only average or full Combativeness, Self-esteem and Hope, and large Approbativeness, accomplish literally nothing, No. 156. — Deacon Terry. No. 157. — Charles XII. of Sweden. but should always act under others ; with large Acquisitiveness, pre* fer bonds and mortgages to traffic, small but sure gains to large but more risky ones, and safe investments to active business: p. 105. Large. — Are always on the lookout; take ample time to get ready; provide against prospective dangers; make everything safe; guard against losses and evils ; incur no risks ; sure bind that they may sure find ; with large Combativeness, Hope, and an active tem- perament, drive, Jehu-like, whatever is undertaken, yet drive cau- tiously; lay on the lash, yet hold a tight rein, so as not to upset plans ; with large Approbativeness, are doubly cautious as to charac- ter ; with large Approbativeness and small Acquisitiveness, are extra careful of character, but not of money ; with large Acquisitiveness and email Approbativeness, take special care of all money matters, but not of reputation ; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, experience the greatest solicitude for the welfare of friends ; with large Consci- entiousness, are careful to do nothing wrong; with large Causality, ay safe plans, and are judicious ; with large Combativeness and Hope, combine j udgment with energy and enterprise, and often seem reck- less, yet are prudent; with large intellectual organs and Firmness, are cauticus in coming to conclusions, and canvass well all sides of alj •juestions, yet, once settled, are unmoved ; with small Self-esteem, CAUTIOUSNESS. 101 rely too much on the judgment of others, and too little on^lf; witfc large Parental Love and disordered nerves, experience unnecessary solicitude for children, and take extra care of them, often killing them with kindness, etc.: p. 104. Full. — Show a good share of prudence and carefulness, except when the other faculties are powerfully excited ; with large Combat- iveness and very large Hope, have too little prudence for energy; aio tolerably safe, except when under considerable excitement; with large Acquisitiveness, are very careful whenever money or property are concerned; yet, with only average Causality, evince but little general prudence, and lay plans for the present rather than future, etc. : p. 105. Average. — Have a good share of prudence, whenever this fac- ulty works in connection with the larger organs, yet evince but little in the direction of the smaller; with large Combativeness and Hope, and an excitable temperament, are practically imprudent, yet some- what less so than appearances indicate ; with large Causality and only average Hope and Combativeness, and a temperament more strong than excitable, evince good general judgment, and meet with but few accidents ; but with an excitable temperament, large Combat- iveness and Hope, and only average or full Causality, are always in hot water, fail to mature plans, begin before ready, and are luckless and unfortunate in everything, etc. : p. 103. Moderate. — With excitability great, act upon the spur of the moment, without due deliberation ; meet with many accidents caused by imprudence ; with large Combativeness, are often at variance with neighbors, and make many enemies ; with large Approbativeness, seek praise, yet often incur criticism ; with average Causality and large Hope, are always doing imprudent things, and require a guard- ian ; with small Acquisitiveness, keep money loosely, and are easily over-persuaded to buy more than can be paid for ; with large Paren- tal Love, play with children, yet often hurt them ; with large Lan* guage and small Secretiveness, say many very imprudent tilings, etc. : p. 106. Small. — Are rash, reckless, luckless ; and with large Hope, al- ways in trouble ; with large Combativeness, plunge headlong into difficulties in full sight, and should assiduously cultivate this faculty : p. 106. Very Small. — Have so little of this faculty, that its influence on •onduct is rarely ever perceived : p. 107. 102 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. To Cultivate. — Count the advantages against, but not for look out for breakers ; think how much indiscretion and carelessness have injured you, and be careful and watehful in every tiling. Im- prudence is your fault. Be judicious; and remember that danger is always much greater than you anticipate ; so keep aloof from every appearance of it : 2oo. T > Restrain. — Offset its workings by intellect ; remember that you perpetually magnify dangers ; let intellect tell Cautiousness to keep quiet ; offset it by cultivating a bold, combative, daring spirit ; encourage a don't-care feeling, and a let-things-take-their-course — wLy-worry-about-them ? do not indulge so much anxiety when chil- dren or friends do not return as expected ; never allow a frightened, panic-stricken state of mind, but face apprehended evils, instead of quailing before them ; and remember that you magnify every appear- ance of evil : 2jG. 14 14. APPRO BATIVENESS TnE Aristocrat. — Ambition ; re- gard for character, appearances, etc. ; love of praise, popularity, fashion, and fame ; desire to excel and be esteemed ; affabil- ity ; politeness ; love of display and show ; i sense of honor ; desire for a good name, for notoriety, eminence, distinction, and ' to be thought well of; pride of character; sensitiveness to the speeches of people. Adapted to the reputable and disgrace- ful. Perversion — vanity ; affectation ; ceremoniousness ; aris- tocracy ; pomposity ; eagerness for popularity, gaudy display, etc. Very Large. — Set everything by the good opinion of others ; are ostentatious, if not vain and ambitious ; love praise, and are mor- tified by censure inordinately ; with moderate Self-esteem and Firm- ness, cannot breast public opinion, but are over-fond of popularity ; with only average Conscientiousness, seek popularity without regard to merit ; but with large Consck tiousness, seek praise mainly for vir- aous doings ; with large Ideality, and only average Causality, see> 158. — The Proud Youth. APPROBATIVENESS. 103 praise for fashionable dress and outside appearances rather than in- ternal merit ; are both vain and fashionable as well as aristocratic ; starve the kitchen to ornament the parlor ; with large Acquisitive- ness, boast of riches; with large Adhesiveness, of friends ; with large Language, are extra forward in conversation, and engross much o* the time, etc. This is the main organ of aristocracy, exclusiveness, fashionableness, so-called pride, and nonsensical outside show : p. 1 1 0. Large. — Love commendation, and are cut by censure; are keenly alive to the smiles and frowns of public opinion ; mind w r hat people say ; strive to show off to advantage, and are affable, courte- ous, and desirous of pleasing ; love to be in company ; stand on eti- quette and ceremony ; aspire to do and become something great ; set much by appearances, and are mortified by reproach ; with large Cautiousness and moderate Self-esteem, are bashful, take the popular side, and fear to face the ridicule of others ; yet, with Conscientious- ness and Combativeness large, stick to the right, though unpopular, knowing that it will ultimately confer honor ; with large Benevolence, seek praise for works of philanthropy and mercy ; with large intellec- tual organs, love literary and intellectual distinctions ; with large Adhesiveness, desire the good opinion of friends, yet care little for that of others ; with large Self-esteem, Combativeness, and excitabil- ity, are very touchy when criticised, seek public life, want all the praise, and hate rivals ; with large perceptives, take a forward part in l»*erary and debating societies ; with large Combativeness, Hope, and activity, will not be outdone, but rather work till completely ex- hausted, and are liable to overdo, in order to eclipse rivals : p. 108. Full. — Value the estimation of others, yet will not go far after it ; seek praise in the direction of the larger organs, yet care little for it in that of the smaller ; are not aristocratic, yet like to make a fair show in the world; with large Adhesiveness, seek the praise and avoid the censure of friends ; with large Conscientiousness, set much by moral character, and wish to be praised for correct motives ; yet, with moderate Acquisitiveness, care little for the name of being rich ; tfith large Benevolence and intellectual organs, desire to be esteemed for evincing talents in doing good, etc. : p. 110. Average. — Show only a respectable share of this faculty, except when it is powerfully wrought upon by praise or reproach ; are mor- tified by censure, yet not extremely so, and call in the other faculties to justify ; are not particularly ambitious, yet by no means deficient, and not insensible to compliments, yet cannot well be inflated by braise : p. 107. 104 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. Moderate. — Feel some, but no great, regard for popularity and evince this faculty only in connection with the larger organs with large Self-esteem and Firmness, are inflexible and austere ; and with large Combativeness and small Agreeableness, lack civility and complaisance to others ; disdain to flatter, and cannot be flattered, and should cultivate a pleasing, winning mode of address : p. 112. Small. — Care little for the opinions of others, even of friends ; are comparatively insensible to praise ; disregard style and fashion ; despise etiquette and formal usages ; never ask what will persons think, and put on no outside appearances for their own sake ; with large Self-esteem, Firmness, and Combativeness, are destitute of po- liteness, devoid of ceremony, and not at all flexible or pleasing in manners ; with large Combativeness and Conscientiousness, go for the right regardless of popularity, and are always making enemies ; say and do things in so graceless a manner as often to displease; with large Acquisitiveness and Self-esteem, though wealthy, make no boast of it, and are as commonplace in conduct as if poor, etc. : p. 112. Very Small. — Care almost nothing for reputation, praise, or censure. To Cultivate. — Remember that you often stand in your own light by caring too little for the speeches of people, for appearance and character ; and cherish a higher regard for public opinion, for your character and standing among men, for a good name, and do nothing in the least to tarnish your reputation, but cultivate a win- ning, politic, pleasant manner toward all, as if you would ingratiate yourself into their good-will : 258. To Restrain. — Remember that you are infinitely too sensitive to reproof; that your feelings are often hurt when there is no occa- sion ; that you often feel neglected or reproved without cause ; that evil speaking breaks no bones, and will ultimately thwart itself; should lay aside that affected, artificial style of manners and speak- ing ; be more natural ; walk, act, feel as if alone, not forever looked at; be less particular about dress, style, appearance, etc., and less mindful of praise and blame ; subject Approbativeness to conscience ; that is, do what is right, and let people say what they like ; be more independent, and less ambitious and sensitive to praise and flattery 259, SELF-ESTEEM. 105 15. SELF-ESTEEM. The I:\irERATOR. — Self-respect, self-reliance, self-apprecia- " >n, self-satisfaction, and complacency ; independence ; dig- r ,y ; nobleness; love of liberty and power; the aspiring, °lf-elevatin^, ruling instinct. Adapted to the superiority, greatness, and exalted dignity of a man nature. Perversion — egotism; hauteur; forwardness; vranny; superciliousness; imperiousness. Very Large. — Have the* highest respect for self; place special tress on the personal pronouns ; carry a high head, and walk so straight as to lean backward ; have a restless, boundless ambition to e and do some great thing ; with only full intellect, have more ego- t ism than talents, and are proud, pompous, supercilious, and imperi- ous, and with Hope large, must operate on a great scale or none, and iaunch out too deeply ; with Approbativeness large, are most aristo- cratic ; and with only fair intellect, are a swell-head and great brag, and put self above everybody else ; with only average Approbative- ness and Agreeableness, take no pains to smooth off the rougher points of character, but are every way repulsive ; with average Paren- tal Love, are very domineering in the family, and insist upon being waited upon, obeyed, etc. ; and should carry the head a little lower, and cultivate humility : p. 116. Large. — Put a high estimate upon own sayings, doings, and capabilities ; fall back upon own unaided resources ; will not take ad- vW *wi* insist upon being: own master ; are high-minded ; will never stoop, or fiemean sell; aim niu;h ; are no* sati^fiW with mod^^tp suc- cess, or a petty business, and comport and speaK with dignity, per- haps majesty; are perfectly self-satisfied; with large Parental Love, pride self in children, yet with Combativeness large, require implicit obedience, and are liable to be stern ; with large Adhesiveness, seek society, yet must lead ; with large Acquisitiveness added, seek part nership, but must be the head of the firm ; with large Firmness and Combativeness, cannot be driven, but insist upon doing own will and pleasure, and are sometimes contrary and headsvrong ; with large Hope, think that anything you do must succeed, because done so well ; with large moral organs, impart a tone, dignity, aspiration, and ^vsr'nr of n hamr*e r wij!<]- • % ~!iiinp*»d universal respect; and with 106 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. large intellectual faculties added, enjoy and are very well calculated for public life ; are a natural leader, but seek moral distinction, and to lead the public mind : with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Firmness, and Approbativeness, love to be captain or general, and speak with that sternness and authority which enforce obedience ; with large Acquisitiveness, aspire to be rich — the richest man in town — partly on account of the power wealth confers ; with large Language, Individuality, Firmness, and Combativeness, seek to be a political leader; with large Constructiveness, Perceptives, Causality, and Combativeness, are well calculated to have the direction of men, and oversee large mechanical establishments ; with only average brain and intellect, and large selfish faculties, are proud, haughty, domi- neering, egotistical, overbearing, greedy of power and dominion, etc. : p. 114. Full. — Evince a good degree of dignity and self-respect, yet are not proud or haughty ; with large Combativeness, Firmness, and Hope, rely fully upon own energies in cases of emergency, yet are willing to hear advice, though seldom take it ; conduct becomingly, and secure respect ; and with large Combativeness and Firmness, and full Destructiveness and Hope, evince much power of this faculty, but little when these faculties are moderate : p. 116. Average. — Show this faculty mainly in combination with those that are larger; with large Approbativeness and Firmness, and a large brain and moral organs, rarely trifle or evince meanness, yet are rarely conceited, and think neither too little nor too much of self, but place a just estimate upon their own capabilities ; with large Ad- hesiveness, both receive and impart character to friends, yet receive most; with large Conscientiousness, pride self more on moral worth than physical qualities, wealth, titles, etc. ; and with large intellect- ual and moral organs, mainly for intellectual and moral excel- lence : p. 112. Moderate. — Rather underrate personal capabilities and worth ; feel somewhat inferior, unworthy, and humble ; lack dignity, and are apt to say and do trifling things, and let self down ; with large intellect- ual and moral organs, lead off well when once placed in a responsible position, yet at first distrust own capabilities ; with large Conscien- tiousness, Combativeness, and activity, often appear self-sufficient and positive, because certain of being right, yet it is founded more on reason than egotism ; with large Approbativeness, love to show off, yet are Aot satisfied with self ; go abroad after praise, rather than feel SELF-ESTEEM. 107 nternally conscious of personal merits; are apt to boast, because more desirous of the estimation of others than conscious of persona worth ; with large moral and intellectual powers, have exalted thoughts and aspirations, and communicate well, yet often detract from them by commonplace phrases and undignified expressions; will be too familiar to be respected in proportion to merit, and should vigorously cultivate this faculty by banishing mean, and cultivating high thoughts of self: p. 116. Small. — Feel diminutive ; lack elevation and dignity of tone and manner ; place too low estimate on self; and, with Approbativeness large, are too anxious to appear well in the eyes of others ; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, show some self-reliance when provoked or placed in responsible positions, yet lack that dignity which commands respect, and leads off in society ; lack self-confidence and weight of character ; shrink from responsible and great under- takings, from a feeling of unworthiness ; underrate self, and are therefore undervalued by others, and feel insignificant, as if in the way, or trespassing upon others, and hence often apologize, and should cultivate this faculty. Very Small. — Feel little, and manifest none of this faculty. To Cultivate. — Say of yourself what Black Hawk said to Jack- son — "I am a man ! " one endowed with the ennobling elements of humanity. Realize how exalted those human endowments conferred on you are, and put a higher estimate on yourself, physically, intel- lectually, morally. Recount your good traits, and cultivate self- valu- ation in view of them. Pride yourself on what you are, but never indulge self-abasement because not dressed, or not as rich or stylish as others. Be less humble toward men, but hold up your head among them, as if good enough for any. Assume the attitude and natural language of self-esteem. Study its phrenological definition, and cul- tivate the self-esteem feeling : 261. To Restrain. — Bear in mind that you esteem yourself much bet- ter than you really are ; that you overrate all your powers, and are loo forward and self-confident; that more modesty would improve yo. ; that you incline too much to be arbitrary and domineering ; that you are more faulty than you suppose, and need humility : 263. 103 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 16. FIRMNESS. The Pillar. — Stability ; decision ; perseverance ; perti* nacity ; fixedness of purpose ; aversion to change ; indomita- bility ; will. Adapted to man's requisition for holding out to the end. Perversion — obstinacy ; willfulness ; mulishness ; stubborn- ness ; unwillingness to change even when reason requires. Vkk Y Lakge. — Are well-nigh obstinate, stubborn, and with large Combativeness and Self-esteem, as unchangeable as the laws of the Medes and Persians, and can neither be persuaded nor driven ; with large activity, power, brain, and intellectual organs, are well calcu- lated to carry forward some great work which requires the utmost de- termination and energy ; with large Causality, can possibly be turned by potent reasons, yet by nothing else. Large. — Are set and willful ; stick to and carry out what is com- menced ; hold on long and hard ; continue to the end, and may be fully relied upon ; with full Self-esteem and large Combativeness, can- not be driven, but the more determined the more driven ; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, add perseverance to stability, and not only hold on, but drive forward determinedly through diffi- culties ; with large Hope, undertake much, and carry all out ; with lar^e Cautiousness and Causality, are careful and judicious in laying plans and forming opinions, yet rare- ly change ; may seem to waver until the mind is fully made up, but are afterward the more unchanging ; with Hope very large, and Cautiousness and Causality only average, decide quickly, even rashly, and refuse to change ; with Adhesiveness and Be- nevolence large, are easily persuaded, v especially by friends, yet cannot be driven ; and with large Cautiousness, Combativeness, Causality, percep- tives, activity, and power, will gen- erally succeed, because wise in plan- ning and persevering in execu- 159. — Da. Caldwell. Very Large. FIRMNESS 103 tion ; with Combativeness and Self-esteem large, a.id Cau°ality onl) average, will not see the force of opposing arguments, but tenaciously adhere to affirmed opinions and purposes ; with large Conscientious- ness and Combativeness, are doubly decided wherever light and justice are concerned, and in such cases will never give one inch, but will stand out in argument, effort, or as juryman, till the last : p. 119. Full. — Like Firmness large, show a great degree of decision when this faculty works with large organs, but not otherwise ; with Combativeness and Conscientiousness large, show great fixedness wheie right and truth are concerned, yet with Acquisitiveness moder- ate, lack perseverance in money matters ; with moderate Combative- ness and Self-esteem, are easily turned ; and w T i f h large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, too easily persuaded, even against better judgment ; with Cautiousness and Approbativeness large, or very large, often evince fickleness, irresolution, and procrastination ; and with an un- even head, and an excitable temperament, often appear deficient in this faculty : p. 131. Average. — When supported by large Combativeness, or Consci- entiousness, or Causality, or Acquisitiveness, etc., show a good degree of this faculty ; but when opposed by large Cautiousness, Approba- tiveness, or Adhesiveness, evince its deficiency, and have not enough for great undertakings ; p. 119. Moderate. — Rather lack perseverance, even when the stronger faculties support it ; but when they do not, evince fickleness, irresolu- tion, indecision, and lack perseverance ; with Adhesiveness large, are too easily persuaded and influenced by friends ; with large Cautious- ness and Approbativeness, and moderate or small Self-esteem, are flexible and fickle, and go with the current : p. 132. Small. — With activity great, and the head uneven, are fitful, im- pulsive, and, like the weather-vane, shift with every changing breeze, and are ruled by the other faculties, and as unstable as water : p. 122. Very Small. — Are changed by the slightest motives, and a per- fect creature of circumstances, and accomplish nothing requiring perseverance: p. 122. To Cultivate. — Have more a mind of your own : make up your mind wisely, and then stand to your purpose; be sure you are light, then hold on ; surmount difficulties, instead of turning aside to avoid them ; resist the persuasions of others ; begin nothing not worthy of finishing, and finish all you begin : 265. ^o Restrain. — Remember that you are too obstinate and per- 110 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES Bistent, often to your own loss ; at least listen to the advice of others, and duly consider it, and govern Firmness by Intellect and Con- science, not allow it to govern them : 266. Moral Sentiments. These render man a moral, accountable, and religious be- ing, humanize, adorn, and elevate his nature ; connect him with the moral nature of things ; create his higher and nobler facul- ties ; beget aspirations after goodness, virtue, purity, and mora) principle, and ally him to angels and to God. Very Large. — Have a most exalted sense and feeling of the moral and religious, a high order of practical goodness, and the strongest aspirations for a higher and holier state, both in this life and that which is to come. Large. — Experience a high regard for things sacred and re- ligious ; have an elevated moral and aspiring cast of feeling and con- duct, along with right intentions, and a strong desire to become good, holy, and moral in feeling and conduct ; and with weak animal feel- ings, are too good for own good. Full. — Have good moral and religious tone, and general correct- ness of motive, so as to render feelings and conduct about right ; but with strong propensities, and only average intellectual faculties, aie No. 160. — Rev. Dr. Tyng. No. 161. — Hagarty, Murderer ■ometimes led into errors of belief and practice ; mean right, yel CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. Ill sometimes do wrong, and should cultivate these faculties, and restrain the propensities. Average. — Surrounded by good influences, will be tolerably moral and religious in feeling, yet not sufficiently so to withstand strong propensities ; with disordered nerves, are quite liable to say ar.d do wrong things, yet afterward repent, and require much moral cultivation. Moderate. — Have a rather weak moral tone ; feel but little re- gard for things sacred and religious ; are easily led into temptation ; feel but little moral restraint ; and, with large propensities, especially if circumstances favor their excitement, are exceedingly liable to say and do what is wrong. Small. — Have weak moral feeling ; lack moral character ; and with large organs of the propensities, are liable to be depraved, and a bad member of society. Very Small. — Feel little, and show no moral tendencies. To Cultivate. — Yield implicit obedience to the higher, better sentiments of your nature ; cultivate a respect for religion ; lead a moral, spotless life ; cultivate all the human virtues ; especially study and contemplate Nature, and yield yourself to those elevating influ- ences kindled thereby ; cultivate adoration and love of the Deity in His works ; obey His natural laws ; study natural religion, and make your life as pure, right, true, and good, as possible. To Restrain. — To avoid becoming morbid in the action of the moral sentiments, and to overrule it when it exists, subject Benevo- lence, justice, Veneration, devotion, and Spirituality, to the guidance of intellect; and be more selfish, or at least less self-sacrificing, sad think more of material things. 17. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. The Jurist. — Integrity ; moral rectitude and principle, love of right and truth ; regard for duty, moral purity, promises, and obligations; penitence; contrition; approval of right; condemnation of wrong ; obedience to laws, rules, etc. Adapt- ed to natural right and wrong, and to the natural laws, and the moral nature and constitution of things. Perverted, it makes one do wrong from conscientious scruples, and torments with undue self-condemnation. 112 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. Very Large. — Place moral excellence at the head of all excel- lence ; make duty everything ; are governed by the highest order of moral principle ; would on no account knowingly do wrong ; are scru- pulously exact in all matters of right ; perfectly honest in motive ; 17 16 17 No. 162. — Very Large. No. 163. — Very Small. always condemning self and repenting, and very forgiving to those who evince penitence, but inexorable without ; with Combativeness large, evince the utmost indignation at the wrong, and pursue the right with great energy ; are censorious, make but little allowance for the faults and follies of mankind, show extraordinary moral courage and fortitude ; and are liable to denounce evil-doers ; with large Friendship, cannot tolerate the least thing wrong in friends, and are liable to reprove them; with large Parental Love, exact too much from children, and with large Combativeness, are too liable to blame them ; with large Cautiousness, are often afraid to do, for fear of do- ing wrong ; with large Veneration, reasoning faculties, and Language, are a natural theologian, and take the highest pleasure in reasoning and conversing upon all things having a moral and religious bearing ; with Veneration average, and Benevolence large or very large, can- not well help being a thorough-going reformer, etc. : p. 129. Large. — Love the right as right, and hate the wrong because wrong ; are honest, faithful, upright in motive ; mean well ; consult duty before expediency ; feel guilty when conscious of having done wrong ; ask forgiveness for the past, and try to do better in future ; with strong propensities, will sometimes do wrong, but be exceedingly sorry therefor ; and, with a wrong education added, are liable to do wrong, thinking it right, because these propensities warp conscience, pet mean well ; with large Cautiousness, are solicitous to know what CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 113 is light, and careful to do it ; with weaker Cautiousness, sometimes dc wrong carelessly or indifferently, yet afterward repent it ; with large Cautiousness and Destructiveness, are severe on wrong-doers, and un- relenting until they evince penitence, but then cordially forgive ; with large Approbativeness, keep the moral character pure and spotless, value others on their morals more than wealth, birth, etc., and make the word the bond ; with large Benevolence, Combativeness, and Destructiveness, feel great indignation and severity against oppress- ors, and those who cause others to suffer by wronging, them : with large Ideality, have strong aspirations after moral purity and excel- lence ; with large reasoning organs, take great pleasure, and show much talent in reasoning upon and investigating moral subjects, etc.: p. 126. Full. — Have good conscientious feelings, and correct general in- tentions, yet are not quite as correct in action as intentions; mean well, yet with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Amativeness, etc., may sometimes yield to these faculties, especially if the system is somewhat inflamed ; with large Acquisitiveness, make very close bar- gains, and will take such advantages as are common in business, yet do not intend to wrong others out of their just dues, still, have more regard for money than justice ; with large intellectual organs, love to reason upon subjects where right and duty are involved, yet too often take the ground of expediency, and fail to allow right its due weight ; and should never allow conscience to be in any way weakened, but cultivate it assiduously : p. 130. Average. — When not tempted by stronger faculties, will do what is about right; generally justify self, and do not feel particularly in- dignant at the wrong, or commendatory of the right ; with large Appro- bativeness and Self-esteem, may do the honorable thing, yet where honor and right clash, will follow honor ; with only average Combat- iveness and Destructiveness, allow many wrong things to pass unre- buked, or even unresented, and show no great moral indignation or force ; with moderate or small Secretiveness and Acquisitiveness, and large Approbativeness, Benevolence, and Ideality, will do as nearly right, and commit as few errors as those with Secretiveness, Acquisi- tiveness, and Conscientiousness all large, and may be trusted, espe- cially on honor, yet will rarely feel guilty, and should never be blamed, because Approbativeness will be mortified before conscience is com victed ; with large propensities, especially Secretiveness and Acquisi- tiveness, and only full Benevolence, are selfish ; should be dealt will 8 114 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. cautiously, and thoroughly bound in writing, because liable to be slip pery, tricky, etc. ; and should cultivate this faculty by never allowing the propensities to overcome it, and by always considering things in the moral aspect: p. 124. Moderate. — Have some regard for duty in feeling, but less in practice; justify self; are neither very penitent nor forgiving; even temporize with principle, and sometimes let interest rule duty : p. 131. Small. — Have few conscientious scruples, and little penitence, gratitude, or regard for moral principle, justice, duty, etc., and are governed mainly by the larger faculties ; with large propensities, and only average Veneration and Spirituality, evince a marked deficiency of moral principle ; with moderate Secretiveness and Acquisitive- ness, and only full Destructiveness and Combativeness, and large Adhesiveness, Approbativeness, Benevolence, Ideality, and intellect, and a fine temperament, may live a tolerably blameless life ; yet, on close scrutiny, will lack the moral in feeling, but may be safely trusted, because true to promises, that is, conscience having less to contend with, its deficiency is less observable. Such should most earnestly cultivate this faculty : p. 132. Very Small. — Are almost wholly destitute of moral feeling, and wholly controlled by the other faculties: p. 133. To Cultivate. — Always ask yourself what is right and wrong, and adhere closely to the former, and studiously avoid the latter; make everything a matter of principle ; do just as nearly right as you know how in everything, and never allow conscience to be borne down by any of the other faculties, but keep it supreme ; maintain the right everywhere and lor everybody ; cultivate a high sense of duty and obligation, and try to reform every error ; in short, " let jus- tice be done, though the heavens fall : " 268. To Restrain. — Remember that you are too exact and exacting in everything ; that you often think you see faults where there are none ; that you carry duty and right to a needless extreme, and so far as to make it wrong ; that you are too condemnatory, and need to cultivate a lenient, forbearing, forgiving spirit ; that you trouble your- self unduly about the wrong-doing of others ; that you often accuse people of meaning worse than they really intend, and look at minor faults as mountains of wrong ; are too censorious ; too apt to throw away the gold on account of dross, to discard the greater good on ac- count of lesser attendant evils ; too liable to feel guilty and unworthy, as if unfit to live, and too conscience-stricken. Extreme Consri« HOPE. 115 entiousness, with 6 or 7 organic quality, and large Combativeness, along with disordered nerves or dyspepsia, makes one of the mos* unpleasant of characters — querulous, eternally grumbling about nothing, magnifying everybody's faults, thus making mischief among neighbors; perpetually accusing everybody, and chiding children for mere trifles ; too rigid in matters of reform, and violent in denouncing opponents, of whom rabid radicals, punctilious religionists, and old maids furnish examples : 270. 18. HOPE. TnE Promisee. — Anticipation of future success and hap- piness; buoyancy; light-heartedness ; that which looks on the bright side, builds fairy castles, magnifies prospects, speculates, makes promises, etc. Adapted to man's relations with the future. Perverted, it be- comes visionary. Vkry Large. — Have unbounded expectations ; build a world of castles in the air ; live in the future ; enjoy things in anticipation more than possession ; with small Continuity, have too many irons in the fire ; with an active temperament added, take on more business than can be worked off properly ; are too much hurried to do things in season ; with large Acquisitiveness, are grasping, count chickens before they are hatched, and often two to the egg at that ; are always rushing on after great piles of money away ahead, without noticing the smaller sums near by ; with only average Cautiousness, are always in hot water ; never stop to enjoy what is possessed, but grasp after more, and would accomplish much more if less were undertaken, and in taking one step forward, often slip two steps back : p. 133. Large. — Expect much from the future ; contemplate with pleas- ure the bright features of life's picture ; never despond ; overrate prospective good, and underrate and overlook obstacles and evils; calculate on more than the nature of the case will warrant ; expect, and hence attempt, a great deal, and are therefore always full of busi- ness ; are sanguine, and rise above present trouble by hoping for bet- ter things in future, and though disappointed, hope on still ; build Borne air-castles, and live in the future more than present ; with large Combativeness, Firmness, and Causality, are enterprising, never give tp the ship, but struggle manfully through difficulties ; and with large 116 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. Approbativeness, and full Self-esteem added, feel adequate to dim* unities, and grapple with them spiritedly; with large Self-esteem, think everything I attempt must succeed, and with large Causality added, consider their plans well-nigh perfect ; with large Acquisitive- ness, lay out money freely in view of future gain ; with large Appro- bativeness and Self-esteem, hope for renown, honor, etc. ; with large Veneration and Spirituality, hope to attain exalted moral excellence* and should check it by acting on only half it promises, and reasoning against it : p. 137. Full. — Expect considerable, but undertake no more than can be accomplished ; are quite sanguine and enterprising, yet with Cau- tiousness large are always on the safe side ; with large Acquisitive- ness added, invest money freely, yet always safely, and belong to the " bears ; " make good bargains, if any, and count all the cost, yet are not afraid of expenses where they will more than pay ; with larger animal organs than moral, will hope more for this worlds goods than for another's, and with larger moral than animal, for happiness in another state of being than in this, etc. : p. 139. Average. — Expect and attempt too little, rather than too much, with large Cautiousness, dwell more on difficulties than encourage- ments ; are contented with the present rather than lay up for the fu- ture ; with large Acquisitiveness added, invest money very safely, if at all, and prefer to put it out securely on interest rather than risk it ? except in a perfectly sure business ; will make money slowly, yet lose liftle ; and with large intellectual organs, in the long run acquire con- siderable wealth: p. 136. Moderate. — With large Cautiousness, make few promises; but with large Conscientiousness, scrupulously fulfill them, because prom- ise only what can be performed ; with small Self-esteem, and large Veneration, Conscientiousness, and Cautiousness, if a professed Chris- tian, will have many fears about future salvation ; with only average propensities, will lack energy, enterprise, and fortitude ; with large Firmness and Cautiousness, are very slow to embark, yet once com- mitted, rarely give up ; with large reasoning faculties, may be sure of success, because see why and how it is to be brought about ; with large Acquisitiveness, will hold on to whatever money is once ac ouired, or at least spend very cautiously, and only where sure to be i eturned with interest ; should cheer up, never despond, count favor- able, but not unfavorable chances, keep up a lively, buoyant state of mind, and " hope on, hope ever : " p. 139. SPIRITUALITY. 117 Small. — Expect an^ undertake very little ; with large Cautious Jiess, put off too long ; are always behind; may embark in projects after everybody el. £.. BANCROFT , His Attributes, Laws, Worship, etc.; Immortality, its Proofs, Conditions, Relations to Time, Rewards, Punish- ments, etc.; The Intellect, Senses, Arts, Sciences, Memory, Letters, Juve- nile and Self Education, Avocation, Mental Discipline, and Philosophy, etc., etc. Muslin, $5.00 ; Leather, $6.00. VOL. III. ---SEXUAL SCIENCE. Including Manhood, Womanhood, and their Mutual Interrelations; Love, its Laws, Power, etc.; Selection, or Mutual Adaptation; Courtship, or Love Making: Married Life made happy; Reproduction, and Progenal Endow- ment, or Paternity, Maternity, Bearing, Nursing, and Rearing Children; Pu- berty, Girlhood, etc.; Sexual Ailments cured, and Female Beauty perpetu- ated and. restored, etc., as taught by Phrenology. Muslin, $5.00*; Leather, $6.00. PROP. O. S. FOWLER, Phrenologist; Lecturer; Former Editor of "The American Phreno- logical Journal;" Author of " Fowler on Phrenology," on " Phys- iology," "Self-Culture," "Memory," "Religion," "Matrimony," " Off-pring, and their Endowment," " Hereditary Descent," " Love and Parentage," k * Maternity," " Amaliveness,"'" Sexual Science," " Health," " Temperance," " The Self-Instructor," " Home for All," " Cheap Cisterns," "Answers to Hamilton, Vindex," etc., etc. Terms. — Vols. I. and TIL can be sent at once, and Vol. II. in October. Price of the entire series, $12.00 muslin; $15.00 leather. P. O. orders preferred. A.gents wanted. Address PROF. 0. S. FOWLER, 514 Tremont St. Boston, Mass, A. L. BANCROFT & CO., San Francisco, Cal. Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: Nov. 2004 PreservationTechnologies A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION 1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township, PA 16066 (724)779-2111 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS m fill if ; ;- ■•■■ ■ \- ■ '] llll V- W llll