Class Z&TVUQ 
 
 BookJH& 
 
 Gopyriglit^N?_ 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 A Study in Psychology 
 
 BY 
 THOMAS KIRBY DAVIS, D.D. 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 SHERMAN, FRENCH & COMPANY 
 
 1914 
 
^ 
 
 
 Copyright, 1914 
 Sherman^ French & Company 
 
 AUG-/ 1314 
 ©CI.A379055 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Mr. Lincoln knew what he was talking about 
 when he said that the Lord must love the com- 
 mon people — he made so many of them. I be- 
 lieve thoroughly in them, and. in the common 
 sense of mankind. When our Lord was on the 
 earth " the common people heard him gladly." 
 This showed their good sense. The educated, 
 the opulent, and the eminent hated and per- 
 secuted him. This showed how perverted they 
 had become. The preservation, extension, and 
 final triumph of spiritual Christianity will, I 
 verily believe, depend upon the simple faith and 
 true devotion of the common people far more 
 than upon the profound scholarship and learned 
 and abstruse dissertations of educated men. 
 
 I believe in good and accurate scholarship, 
 and I have a profound respect for the learning 
 and wisdom of men who are humble believers in 
 the blessed Savior of mankind. But there are 
 some men, I believe, in theologrcaT~seminaries 
 and large universities who have been educated, 
 or are now educating themselves, away from the 
 Christ of the Bible — from him who is " the 
 Light of the World," " The Life of Men," and 
 
PREFACE 
 
 " the Desire of all Nations." They know far 
 more than is for their own good, or for the good 
 of any one else. In other words, they " know 
 too much that isn't so." They must experience 
 a change in their idea of education. Instead 
 of trying to cram their students with a vast deal 
 of mind-stuff that is worthless, if not untrue, 
 they must labor to dram out of the student what 
 God has put in him. They must give to the 
 development of personal character, to the reli- 
 gious instinct in human nature, and to the 
 spiritual and moral qualities insisted upon by 
 the Great Teacher, a higher place in education 
 than is given to s the acquirement of multifa- 
 rious information, and to smartness, that beset- 
 ting sin of Americans. Education must become 
 more practical, intelligible, usable, and espe- 
 cially more spiritual and moral, or the people, it 
 seems to me, will have to leave the teachers who 
 are above the ordinary comprehension ; and tak- 
 ing the Word of God for their guide, and a few 
 elementary books on the arts and sciences to 
 help them, will have to take the teaching of their 
 children into their own hands. 
 
 The leading thought in the following treatise 
 is, that Mentality, which man shares with many 
 of the animals, is not his most important endow- 
 ment. The religious instinct which manifests 
 itself in every human being is more important, 
 and especially the spirituality which is imparted 
 
PREFACE 
 
 to every one who has heard the Gospel, believed 
 it, and received the Savior into his heart. The 
 mind being inferior to the spirit, the object in 
 all education should be to enable the spirit to 
 dominate the mind. In the treatise the first sec- 
 tion is designed to show the special reason I 
 have for having a firm faith in the truth taught 
 in Scripture. The second section, on Revela- 
 tion, is intended to give my reasons for receiving 
 the Bible just as it is, as containing the truth 
 we most need, and which we never could have 
 known without a special revelation. The 
 largest section sets forth the true psychology of 
 man as taught in the New Testament, and the 
 tremendous mistakes which have been made in 
 preaching, in philosophy, and in education, 
 through the prevalence of a false psychology. 
 Then follows the section on the new birth and 
 the new life rendered necessary by man's fallen 
 condition, and insisted on by our Lord and his 
 apostles. The last section, on the Holy Spirit 
 of Promise, is intended to show how each be- 
 liever in Jesus may become a strong character 
 and a real power in the world and how the 
 church is to gain the glorious victory foretold 
 in prophecy. 
 
 According to the Scriptures, God loves every 
 person, but he hates the ways of some people, 
 and he will punish them for their doings. He 
 loves the rich, the cultured, and the famous just 
 
PREFACE 
 
 as he loves the poor and obscure. He would 
 be glad to save them from their sins and miseries 
 if they would let him. But great wealth, noisy 
 fame, and the love of worldly pleasure in most 
 cases prevent the salvation of those who enjoy 
 them. Indeed, according to the Scriptures, 
 such things are always a peril. 
 
 That God may bless this little book to the 
 temporal and eternal happiness of those who 
 read it is the writer's earnest prayer. 
 
 Wooster, Ohio. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER PAGE 
 
 I A Personal Reminiscence .... 1 
 
 II Revelation . 6 
 
 III The True Psychology 24 
 
 IV The Second Birth and the New Life 75 
 
 V The Holy Spirit of Promise . . .88 
 
 Addenda 100 
 
CHAPTER I 
 A PERSONAL REMINISCENCE 
 
 I believe that a Christian ought to be ready 
 to testify for Christ on every favorable occasion. 
 For that reason I embrace this opportunity to 
 tell a bit of my experience. When a lad of six- 
 teen I entered Yale College. After a few- 
 months I was awakened and brought to a de- 
 cision on the subject of personal religion 
 through the efforts of Henry Day, an older 
 classmate. For a couple of years I was an 
 active and earnest Christian, endeavoring to be 
 faithful in every duty, and I was a happy boy. 
 During my senior year, when passing through 
 that period of foolhood which, in some cases, 
 comes between childhood and manhood, I read 
 some of the writings of Dr. Channing, the father 
 of New England Unitarianism. I was so much 
 influenced by his flings at evangelical Christian- 
 ity that in an evil hour I made up my mind that 
 I had made a great mistake ; that I had been de- 
 priving myself of many liberties and pleasures 
 unnecessarily, and so I turned my back upon 
 the communion-table and prayer-meetings. I 
 began associating with those of my class who 
 
% MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 paid but little if any attention to religion and 
 spent much of their time in search of what 
 they considered pleasure. This was the state 
 of affairs when I was graduated. After a 
 time I took charge of an academy in Pennsyl- 
 vania. During that year things changed. I 
 failed to find the pleasure I had anticipated in 
 keeping company with young men who had no 
 interest in religion, and in attending the 
 " balls " and dancing-parties which they seemed 
 to enjoy. I began to wonder what life meant 
 anyhow. I could not see that either I or any- 
 body else was living to any purpose. Life had 
 lost all the sweetness and charm it had always 
 possessed for me, both before and after my con- 
 version. Nothing could possibly be more dull, 
 blank, and unsatisfying than life now became to 
 me. I seemed to be like one at sea, without 
 compass and chart; the heavens were overcast 
 with clouds, and I was at my wits' end. 
 
 I became unspeakably wretched, and never 
 once imagined the cause of it. I was in good 
 health. And yet in looking back to> that experi- 
 ence I have often thought that if anyone ever 
 was in hell, I was at that time. 
 
 All at once it dawned upon me for the first 
 time that the trouble with me was connected 
 with religion. I had denied my Lord and Mas- 
 ter, and I had grieved and banished the Holy 
 Spirit. This feeling became such that I threw 
 
A PERSONAL REMINISCENCE 3 
 
 myself on my knees before God, confessing my 
 sins and begging for forgiveness. I prayed 
 that for Christ's sake I might be received back 
 to the favor of God, and again have the peace 
 and comfort I once had enjoyed. The Lord 
 in his infinite mercy answered my prayers, and 
 in a short time I was on the Rock of Ages 
 again, with a new song of gratitude and praise 
 in my mouth. At the close of the year of 
 teaching I hastened to the Theological Semi- 
 nary at Princeton. 
 
 Now see how the Lord Jesus Christ has been 
 treating me after all my mean and selfish treat- 
 ment of him. He has used me in preaching 
 " the glorious gospel of the blessed God " for 
 nearly sixty-five years. I am now in my eighty- 
 ninth year. I feel younger and am happier 
 than at fifty or at twenty-five. Life is sweeter 
 and has more of the charm it had when I was 
 young. The world is more beautiful and at- 
 tractive; people are more interesting; friends 
 are dearer and friendships sweeter than ever be- 
 fore. And I owe all this to my personal rela- 
 tions to our Lord and Savior. I am sure that 
 it is in answer to my prayers, and owing to his 
 blessing on the care I have taken of myself, that 
 I am so strong, and feel so well, and am so 
 happy. 
 
 Which would be better for me, to remain here 
 in the body or to go to the other world, I do not 
 
MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 know. I have wanted to stay here because I 
 have not thought that my work was done. But 
 if I believed that my work was done, how grand, 
 how glorious it would be to fall asleep in Jesus 
 and awake in the presence of the Lord, to be 
 with many loved ones gone before, and to under- 
 stand some things which now to me are often 
 so hard to understand. 
 
 And another thing. If all the learned pro- 
 fessors in the land were to lose their faith in 
 the Bible, and to deny the Lord that bought 
 them, and to reject the truth about the Holy 
 Spirit and the second birth and the new life, 
 I would not and could not go with them. I 
 would preach God's truth, and insist upon it 
 until death that they were all wrong; that they 
 had become rationalists (that is, unbelievers) 
 through pride of intellect, trusting for informa- 
 tion about spiritual things to their own natural 
 powers rather than receiving as little children 
 the unique, sublime, and gracious revelation our 
 Heavenly Father has made through patriarchs, 
 prophets, and apostles, and his only Son, our 
 Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. 
 
 My own dismal experience when I had grieved 
 and banished the Holy Spirit, the Comforter, 
 and my happy experience since the Lord gra- 
 ciously drew me back to himself, have satisfied 
 me and given me the confidence I have to-day, 
 and the joy I have in growing old and drawing 
 
A PERSONAL REMINISCENCE 5 
 
 near to the World of Wonders and Delights. 
 Having had this sad experience, and having 
 through a very long life tested its reality, and 
 the truth and reality of the religion revealed 
 in the Bible, it has occurred to me that I might 
 without impropriety give to the public some of 
 my thoughts upon the subject of religion. 
 Such are the assaults made, even at this day, 
 upon the integrity and value of the Holy Scrip- 
 tures and upon the Person and Work of our 
 Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, that anyone 
 who has a word of testimony in favor of the 
 grand old Book and of the great and glorious 
 Person who is our authority for receiving it as 
 from God, may well be excused for wishing to 
 give that testimony to the church and to the 
 world. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 REVELATION 
 
 The inadequacy of human reason to discover 
 spiritual truth, and moral duty as based upon 
 spiritual truth, rendered necessary a revelation 
 from the great Creator of the heavens and the 
 earth. We may be perfectly sure that the mind 
 of man is not equal to the task, from the fact 
 that from an early age philosophers have been 
 endeavoring to discover, by the exercise of 
 their natural powers, what is the truth concern- 
 ing God and man; in other words, to explain 
 God, man, and the universe ; and they have but 
 seldom agreed with each other. Generally each 
 one has busied himself with efforts to confute 
 his predecessor. More than this, it is utterly 
 incredible that a wise and benevolent Being 
 would have created the heavens and the earth, 
 and man to dwell upon the earth, and left him 
 in ignorance of his origin and of the origin 
 of the universe, and of the purpose and will 
 of the Almighty Creator in ordering things as 
 they are. Hence, from the beginning God be- 
 gan holding communication from time to time 
 6 
 
REVELATION 7 
 
 with men. This communication was more or 
 less guarded and veiled, of course, so as not to 
 interfere too much with the free intelligence 
 of men. Through the patriarchs of the race, 
 through the prophets of Israel, and especially 
 through the mission and teachings of his own 
 Son and his apostles, this revelation has been 
 made. He ordered it so that a record was 
 made, at different times, and in various ways, 
 of what he wished to make known, and the rec- 
 ords gathered into a volume. This Volume has 
 been preserved in its integrity until this day. 
 It is not written in the stilted and pedantic 
 style of a law book, or a medical work, or a 
 philosophical treatise. It is a quaint, old-fash- 
 ioned book, made up of bits of history, bio- 
 graphical sketches, poems, proverbs, prophecies, 
 parables, and letters — just the kind of read- 
 ing that would most attract and interest com- 
 mon people. These various writings make up 
 The Bible, It is the only authentic and reli- 
 able source of information we have concerning 
 God, his nature and character, and concerning 
 the origin, nature, duty, and destiny of man. 
 What we learn from the manifold works of the 
 Creator, and from the processes of nature, con- 
 firms what he has been pleased to reveal. The 
 Bible is a spiritual book. It contains, and was 
 evidently intended to convey, a revelation of 
 spiritual truth and moral duty. We need not 
 
8 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 go to it for information about any branch of 
 natural science, or any scheme of economics. 
 Our Maker, having given to man the splendid 
 faculty of reason, has not revealed in Scripture 
 anything which man could find out in the exer- 
 cise of his natural faculties. Reason is alto- 
 gether adequate and reliable when exercised 
 within the sphere of human affairs. But it is 
 wholly inadequate and unreliable when applied 
 to the discovery of things beyond our sphere, 
 things of which we can have no knowledge, the 
 deep things of God. The Divine Being has, 
 therefore, very mercifully and very wisely re- 
 vealed " what man is to believe concerning God, 
 and what duty God requires of man." The 
 unique, most wonderful and life-giving Book 
 in the world — the perennial source of light 
 and life for those who will study it — had for 
 its author the Spirit of God, working in common 
 men, informing, guiding, restraining them, with- 
 out interfering in the slightest degree with the 
 free use of their natural faculties or of informa- 
 tion they had received in the ordinary way, 
 or with their natural peculiarities. 
 
 "What is our authority in religion? " is a 
 question hotly discussed in this " Age of Doubt." 
 Sabatier, an able French rationalist, says: 
 "It is not the Church, and it is not the Bible ; 
 but it is the Spirit in man." Many are fol- 
 lowing Sabatier. And giving up the Bible as 
 
REVELATION 9 
 
 authority in religion is the secret of the great 
 apostasy from " the faith once delivered to the 
 saints " which is spreading over our Christian 
 countries. The true answer to the question is : 
 The authority in religion is God himself, speak- 
 ing to mankind in and through the truth re- 
 vealed in the Holy Scriptures. 
 
 I receive the Bible as containing the word 
 and truth of God, just as I receive and enjoy 
 the light and warmth of the sun, and the light 
 of the moon and stars by night. It required 
 no scientific proofs to satisfy me that they were 
 intended for my use and benefit, and that they 
 would be most helpful to me. I would be a 
 fool to cavil about the spots on the sun or about 
 the clouds that sometimes hide the moon. And 
 he is most foolish who refuses to use the Bible 
 and to profit by its sublime revelations and 
 to perform the duties it inculcates, because he 
 has heard that there are a few inaccuracies in 
 the sacred volume, or because some one has 
 thrown dust in his eyes and caused a cloud to 
 come between him and the heavenly light that 
 shines from the Word. If there are inaccu- 
 racies in the Bible they may either be explained 
 by well-informed persons ; or they do not touch 
 or affect in the least the spiritual truth re- 
 vealed or the moral duties enjoined. Wher- 
 ever you go you find the Bible — a volume which 
 purports to be from the one true wid living 
 
10 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 God. It has been in use for ages, and has 
 been of incalculable benefit to individuals, fam- 
 ilies, communities, and nations. Why should 
 you hesitate to use such a book ? Why wait for 
 learned men to bring forward their arguments 
 in favor of or against it? Try it for yourself. 
 It is wise to prove all things. Millions upon 
 millions have tried the Bible, and found it true 
 in their happy experience. They have tested 
 it by believing its truths and keeping its com- 
 mandments. They have found peace in believ- 
 ing, and joy in doing, what it bids us believe 
 and do. Nearly three hundred years ago a 
 large number of men assembled in Westminster, 
 in the city of London. They were among the 
 most able and excellent men then living, and 
 just as able thinkers and as morally upright as 
 are any of the leading men at this day, although 
 at that time they did not have all the conven- 
 iences and comforts that our leading men en- 
 joy to-day. This is what they said about the 
 Bible: 
 
 " The authority of the Holy Scripture, for 
 which it ought to be believed and obeyed, de- 
 pendeth not upon the testimony of any man 
 or church, but wholly upon God (who is truth 
 itself) the author thereof; and therefore it is 
 to be received, because it is the Word of God. 
 
 " We may be moved and induced by the tes- 
 timony of the Church to an high and reverent 
 
REVELATION 11 
 
 esteem of the Holy Scripture; and the heaven- 
 liness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, 
 the majesty of the style, the consent of all the 
 parts, the scope of the whole (which is to give 
 all glory to God), the full discovery it makes 
 of the only way of man's salvation, the many 
 other incomparable excellencies, and the entire 
 perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it 
 doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word 
 of God; yet notwithstanding, our full persua- 
 sion and assurance of the infallible truth, and 
 divine authority thereof, is from the inward 
 work of the Holy Spirit bearing witness by and 
 with the Word in our hearts." 
 
 The Rev. R. C. Caffin, in his " Introduction 
 to II Peter," in the "Pulpit Commentary," 
 expresses the same truth in this way : " The 
 books of Holy Scripture and human composi- 
 tions lie in different planes; they do not bear 
 comparison. There is an indescribable some- 
 thing in the Word of God which appeals to the 
 human nature which God created, to the con- 
 science which bears witness of him — something 
 which tells us that the message comes from 
 God." 
 
 Every man has a belief or creed, and enter- 
 tains a hope of some kind for the future life. 
 He either believes the truth which God has re- 
 vealed in the Scriptures, or he believes that the 
 Scriptures are unreliable and not from God. 
 
12 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 He either enjoys the Christian's glorious hope, 
 which is based upon the Word of God; or he 
 has a hope, not based upon any solid ground, 
 that it will go well with him when he leaves the 
 body and appears before the Judge of all the 
 earth. 
 
 The great question is : Shall I be dependent 
 for my present peace of mind, and my hope 
 for the future life upon the mere opinions of 
 men, or upon the Word of the living and true 
 God? For myself I am altogether unwilling to 
 stake my eternal welfare upon the speculations 
 and conclusions of men. They are too easily 
 biased. They fail to agree among themselves. 
 I want the very Word of God as the foundation 
 on which to build for time and eternity. 
 
 It is a great thing to have a standard of 
 truth and morals. I can think of nothing that 
 is more desirable, or more necessary, in human 
 life. This we have in the Word of God. When 
 men ignore or reject the Scriptures, they have 
 endless disputes as to what is to be believed 
 and as to what constitutes true morality. But 
 when the Word of God is generally and prac- 
 tically accepted, we have a standard both of 
 truth and morals that is inspired, authorita- 
 tive, infallible, and unchangeable. 
 
 The unity and solidarity of mankind is an 
 exceedingly important fact revealed in Scrip- 
 ture. If ever the Kingdom of God is to prevail 
 
REVELATION 13 
 
 on the earth, men must be agreed among them- 
 selves as to what they shall believe concerning 
 God, and what shall be their behavior toward 
 him and toward each other. There must be a 
 rule of conduct binding upon all. Without this 
 agreement there must, of course, be discord and 
 contention. The Bible alone furnishes a uni- 
 versal standard, and it only requires universal 
 faith in its spiritual truths and universal obe- 
 dience to its moral requirements, to usher in the 
 Millennium and bring about the reign of justice 
 and righteousness, of peace and harmony, of 
 brotherly love and joy, which believers in Christ 
 have always longed for. 
 
 Is the Bible a revelation? Or does the sacred 
 volume contain a revelation from God? I think 
 we should say, it contains such a revelation. 
 This special and unique revelation of truth and 
 morals is the most precious possession man has. 
 It is an infinitely great blessing for us to know 
 exactly what is the will of God concerning us. 
 And we know this to an absolute certainty, if 
 we have truly accepted Christ, and have been 
 regenerated in so doing. To be well acquainted 
 with the truth concerning God and the duties re- 
 quired of man is an all-sufficient defense against 
 and protection from all the insidious errors 
 which are rife in the world. Those errors were 
 never more numerous or dangerous than at the 
 present day. For they now generally include 
 
14 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 some of the more attractive and popular fea- 
 tures of Christianity, and so make an easy prey 
 of weak and unestablished Christians. But if 
 we are wise, and " rooted and grounded " in the 
 faith, we shall be safe. " For the weapons of 
 our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through 
 God to the pulling down of strongholds; cast- 
 ing down imaginations, and every high thing 
 that exalteth itself against the knowledge of 
 God, and bringing into captivity every thought 
 to the obedience of Christ." 
 
 In the conflict with error, God's great gift 
 of reason bestowed upon man will help us. 
 When the Apostle Paul came to Thessalonica, 
 we are told in Acts 17 : 2 that, " as his manner 
 was," he went into the synagogue, and reasoned 
 with the Jews assembled there " out of the 
 Scriptures." Notice (1) that he reasoned with 
 them. He used his reasoning power, and he 
 appealed to their reason; (2) that it was his 
 custom to do this wherever he went. We learn 
 from this (1) that we may and must use our 
 reason in religious matters, as in all others, 
 and (2) that when we find that it is reasonable 
 to receive the Scriptures as from God, then we 
 must reason out of the Scriptures in our ef- 
 forts to win others to Christ, and not reason 
 contrary to the Scriptures, or without reference 
 to them. It is not rational to receive a revela- 
 tion from the Infinite Intelligence, and then cavil 
 
REVELATION 15 
 
 about some things contained in it because they 
 are mysterious to us. We must use our reason 
 in ascertaining whether the Scriptures contain a 
 revelation from God, and then we must use our 
 reason in the effort to ascertain the right inter- 
 pretation of Scripture. But when we are satis- 
 fied that here we have a revelation, and that 
 our interpretation is correct, when we can no 
 longer doubt the meaning of a Scriptural state- 
 ment, then we would be foolishly inconsistent — 
 it would not be rational — to reject the truth 
 thus communicated to us. 
 
 It is an interesting and important point con- 
 cerning the Scriptures that, coming as they do 
 from God, they constitute a vast field of spirit- 
 ual and moral truth, which is spread out before 
 us just as the field of nature is spread out be- 
 fore the scientist. We are bidden by the Mas- 
 ter himself to " search the Scriptures." We 
 are to seek as for hid treasures and gems of 
 truth. No earnest seeker knows just when he 
 may make a discovery which will be an important 
 addition to the knowledge possessed by the 
 church and the world. Under the gospel, that 
 is, under the reign of Christ, we need not look 
 for commands and prohibitions. Ours is the 
 religion of love. If we are humble and teach- 
 able, we shall find hints and suggestions every- 
 where to help us in coming to a more perfect 
 knowledge of the truth. The Lord leaves much 
 
16 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 to our free choice. He wants us to do his will 
 freely and out of love to him, and to our fel- 
 low-Christians and fellow-men. 
 
 Every one has read of John Robinson, the 
 father of the Pilgrims of the Mayflower, and 
 of his famous saying that much light would yet 
 break forth from the Word of God. Daniel 
 Webster once wrote in his Bible these words: 
 " There is more valuable truth yet to be gleaned 
 from the Sacred Writings, that has thus far 
 escaped the attention of commentators, than 
 from all other sources of human knowledge 
 combined." And Bishop Butler, in his " Anal- 
 ogy of Natural and Revealed Religion," says: 
 " It is not at all incredible that a book which 
 has been so long in the possession of mankind 
 should contain many truths as yet undiscovered. 
 As it is owned, the whole scheme of Scripture 
 is not yet understood, so if it ever comes to be 
 understood before the restitution of all things, 
 and without miraculous interpositions, it must 
 be in the same way as natural knowledge is come 
 at, by the continuance and progress of learning 
 and liberty, and by particular persons attend- 
 ing to, comparing and pursuing intimations 
 scattered up and down in it, and which are 
 overlooked and disregarded by the generality 
 of the world." 
 
 If this be a correct view — and who can doubt 
 it ? — what an infinite pity it is that in so many 
 
REVELATION 17 
 
 Christian homes the Bible has thus far been 
 a neglected book, and that there are in our col- 
 leges bright and gifted young men who imagine 
 that if they were to become ministers of the 
 Word, they would not have field or scope for 
 their intellectual powers! And what a happy 
 thing it is that a prediction made as long ago 
 as in the year 1838 by Archibald Alexander, one 
 of the most sagacious men I ever knew, is in the 
 way of fulfillment this blessed year of grace, 
 1914! His words of wisdom and truth are 
 worthy of being repeated and pondered well: 
 " There is, undoubtedly, among Christians, too 
 great a disposition to acquiesce, without exam- 
 ination, in the religion of their forefathers. 
 There is too great an aversion to that kind of 
 research which requires time and labor; so that 
 many who are fully competent to examine the 
 foundation on which their religion rests, never 
 take the pains to enter on the investigation ; 
 and it is to be regretted that many who are 
 much occupied with speculations on abstruse 
 points of theology, waste the energies of their 
 minds on subjects which can yield them no 
 manner of profit, while they neglect entirely, or 
 but superficially attend to, points of fundamen- 
 tal importance. 
 
 " The two great questions most deserving the 
 attention of all men are: first, whether the 
 Bible and all that it contains is from God; 
 
18 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 second, what those truths are which the Bible 
 was intended to teach us. These two grand in- 
 quiries are sufficient to give occupation and 
 vigorous exercise to intellectual faculties of the 
 highest order; and they are not removed en- 
 tirely out of the reach of plain, uneducated 
 Christians. From the fountain of divine truth 
 every one may draw according to his capacity. 
 But these inquiries are neglected, not so much 
 for want of time and capacity, as because we 
 take no pleasure in searching for and contem- 
 plating divine truth. Just in proportion as 
 men love the truth and value the Bible, they 
 will take an interest in all inquiries which re- 
 late to the authenticity, canonical authority, 
 and correct interpretation of the sacred books. 
 The time will come, I doubt not, when these 
 studies will occupy the minds of thousands 
 where they now engage the attention of one. 
 The Bible will grow into importance in the es- 
 timation of men just in the same proportion 
 as true religion flourishes. It will not only be 
 the fashion to associate for printing and cir- 
 culating the Holy Scriptures; but it will be- 
 come customary for men of the highest literary 
 attainments, as well as others, to study the 
 sacred pages with unceasing assiduity and 
 prayer. And in proportion as the Bible is 
 understood in its simplicity and momentous im- 
 port, the mere doctrines of men will disappear; 
 
REVELATION 19 
 
 and the dogmas of the schools and the alliance 
 with philosophy being renounced, there will be 
 among sincere inquirers after truth an increas- 
 ing tendency to unity of sentiment as well as 
 unity of spirit. The pride of learning and of 
 intellect being sacrificed, and all distinctions 
 counted but loss for the excellency of the knowl- 
 edge of Christ, a thousand knotty questions 
 which now cause divisions and gender strifes will 
 be forgotten, and the wonder of our more en- 
 lightened posterity will be how good men could 
 have wasted their time and their talents in such 
 unprofitable speculations, and, more especially, 
 how they could have permitted themselves to 
 engage in fierce and unbrotherly contentions 
 about matters of little importance. 
 
 " Then, also, men will noi more neglect and 
 undervalue the Scriptures on pretence of pos- 
 sessing a brighter light within them than that 
 which emanates from the divine word." 
 
 What a wonderful amount of prophetic 
 knowledge and wisdom is packed in those few 
 sentences of Archibald Alexander ! 
 
 Before proceeding to the main part of my 
 treatise, I would strengthen this, the founda- 
 tion, by giving the testimony of several other 
 " witnesses " for Jesus. 
 
 Francis Bowen, Professor of Natural Religion 
 and Moral Philosophy in Harvard University, 
 in the preface to his work on " Modern Phi- 
 
£0 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 losophy from Descartes to Schopenhauer and 
 Hartman," gave this testimony : " I have 
 faithfully studied most of what the philosophy 
 of these modern times and the science of our 
 own day assume to teach. And the result is 
 that I am now more firmly convinced than ever 
 that what has been justly called ' the dirt 
 philosophy ' of materialism and fatalism is base- 
 less and false. I accept with unhesitating con- 
 viction and belief the doctrine of the being of 
 one Personal God, the Creator and Governor of 
 the world, and of one Lord Jesus Christ, in 
 whom ' dwelleth all the fulness of the God- 
 head bodily ' ; and I have found nothing what- 
 ever in the literature of modern infidelity which 
 to my mind casts even the slightest doubt upon 
 that belief. Not being a clergyman, I am not 
 exposed to the cruel imputation, which unbe- 
 lievers have too long been permitted to fling 
 against the clergy, of being induced by pruden- 
 tial motives to profess what they do not believe. 
 Let me be permitted also to repeat the opinion, 
 which I ventured to express as far back as 1849, 
 that i the time seems to have arrived for a more 
 practical and immediate verification than the 
 world has ever yet witnessed of the great truth 
 that the civilization which is not based upon 
 Christianity is big with the elements of its own 
 destruction.' " 
 
 The Rev. Dr. A. H. Strong, a scholarly and 
 
REVELATION 21 
 
 learned theologian, in introducing a new edition 
 of his " Systematic Theology," gives his testi- 
 mony as follows : " I make no doubt that the 
 vast majority of Christians still hold the faith 
 once for all delivered to the saints, and 
 that they will sooner or later separate them- 
 selves from those who deny the Lord who bought 
 them. When the enemy comes in like a flood, 
 the Spirit of the Lord will raise up a standard 
 against him. I would do my part in raising 
 up such a standard. I would lead others to 
 avow anew, as I do now, in spite of the super- 
 cilious assumptions of modern infidelity, my firm 
 belief, only confirmed by the experience and re- 
 flection of a half-century, in the old doctrines 
 of holiness as the fundamental attribute of God, 
 of an original transgression and sin of the 
 whole human race; in a divine preparation in 
 Hebrew history for man's redemption ; in the 
 deity, pre-existence, virgin birth, vicarious 
 atonement and bodily resurrection of Jesus 
 Christ our Lord; and in his future coming to 
 judge the quick and the dead. I believe that 
 these are truths of science as well as truths of 
 revelation; that the supernatural will yet be 
 seen to be most truly natural ; and that not the 
 open-minded theologian but the narrow-minded 
 scientist will be obliged to hide his head at 
 Christ's coming." 
 
 Theodore Woolsey, one of my instructors at 
 
22 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 Yale, a great scholar and a wise and good man, 
 afterwards for twenty-five years president of 
 the college, on retiring from that office handed 
 over the chart and seal of the college to the 
 custody of the newly-elected president, Dr. 
 Porter, and said : " And there is one thing 
 which I hope will always be present here, with 
 the consideration of which I will close this brief 
 address. I hope that as long as the college 
 lasts it will be the abode of religion ; of teachers 
 who believe in Christ and lead a religious life; 
 and of scholars who feel that a noble character 
 is something infinitely more precious than learn- 
 ing." 
 
 Let me close with the testimony of a great 
 man of affairs, John Pierpont Morgan. That 
 he had a clear head and sound judgment his 
 position in the financial world was sufficient evi- 
 dence. One might have supposed that he was 
 engrossed with business cares. But far from 
 it. Like our noble president, vice-president, 
 and secretary of state, amid the multifarious 
 duties of their high positions at Washington, 
 Mr. Morgan took time to study his Bible, to 
 worship God in his Sanctuary, and to sit at the 
 feet of Jesus to learn of him. The first ar- 
 ticle of his will was in these words : " I com- 
 mit my soul into the hands of my Savior, in 
 full confidence that, having redeemed and 
 washed it in his most precious blood, he will 
 
REVELATION 23 
 
 present it faultless before the throne of my 
 Heavenly Father; and I entreat my children to 
 maintain and defend at all hazards and at any 
 cost of personal sacrifice, the blessed doctrine 
 of the complete atonement for sin through the 
 blood of Jesus Christ once offered, and through 
 that alone." 
 
 What a joy it is that for our eternal salva- 
 tion and our present peace and comfort we 
 are dependent, not upon the opinions of any 
 man or any set of men, living or dead, but upon 
 the great atonement and present intercession 
 of our Lord Jesus Christ ! 
 
 O that our careworn, anxious business men, to 
 whose labors we owe much of our comfort, 
 would imitate Mr. Morgan and others like him, 
 and take time for Biblical study, for religious 
 worship in the family and at church, and for 
 sitting at the feet of Jesus, casting their cares 
 and anxieties upon him, and as eager disciples 
 learning from him the true wisdom, whose ways 
 are pleasantness, and all whose paths are peace. 
 
CHAPTER III 
 THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 
 
 The special revelation which God has merci- 
 fully made to mankind in the Scriptures is one 
 concerning himself and man. 1. It is a reveal- 
 ing of the truth concerning the nature and char- 
 acter of the Divine Being, and of his purpose 
 in creation, providence, and redemption. 2. It 
 is a revealing of the truth concerning the origin, 
 nature and character of man, his duty and des- 
 tiny. S. It reveals the relation existing be- 
 tween God and man. It describes the sin and 
 
 misery into which man fell by disobedience 
 
 thus falling away from God and holiness and 
 happiness. And it makes known " the great 
 salvation " — the peace, righteousness, holiness, 
 love, and joy man may have by believing the 
 truth revealed, and accepting, loving, and obey- 
 ing the Divine Redeemer — God's eternal Son. 
 
 I wish to speak in this treatise mainly of what 
 has been revealed concerning the nature of man. 
 He has been generally regarded as made up of 
 body and soul. But in the New Testament, the 
 Christian — the new man — is described as 
 24, 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 25 
 
 made up of body, mmd and spirit — soma, 
 psyche, and pnewma. This suggests the true 
 psychology of man in his normal state, — that 
 is, as he came from the hand of his Creator; 
 and his true psychology, also, when he is re- 
 stored to the divine image by regeneration and 
 sanctineation. I have noticed that those per- 
 sons who accept this psychology and make a 
 practical use of it, appreciate it very highly. 
 They testify that it is a great help to them in 
 understanding some of the most important 
 truths of spiritual Christianity. 
 
 The word psyche is used in several different 
 senses in the New Testament, as it is in Greek 
 literature generally, as meaning breath, life, 
 soul, etc. But when Paul prayed for his Thes- 
 salonian converts that they might be preserved 
 blameless in soma, psyche, and pneuma, I believe 
 that he meant in body, mind, and spirit. One 
 meaning of psyche is " the mind, affections, 
 and passions common to men and animals." 
 Calvin's definition of it was " the natural powers 
 of man," — that is, as he explained it, of man 
 before he is regenerated by the Holy Spirit. In 
 this, his natural condition, he is in the New Tes- 
 tament called the psychical man, man having 
 only the psyche, man with the animal intelli- 
 gence, affections, and passions. When he is 
 begotten of God and born from above, he is 
 called the pneumatical man, — man endowed 
 
26 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 with the pneuma, or spirit. James, in his Epis- 
 tle, speaking of carnal or worldly wisdom, says, 
 " This wisdom descendeth not from above, but 
 is earthly, psychical, demoniacal." Jude, 
 speaking of scoffers who mock at religion and 
 walk after their own ungodly lusts, says: 
 " These are they who make separations, are psy- 
 chical, not having the spirit." And in Hebrews 
 4 :12 we have a statement which seems to teach 
 that one use of the Scriptures is to make known 
 to all men the distinction between that which is 
 merely mental, or natural, and that which is 
 truly spiritual. The words are, " For the 
 Word of God is quick and powerful, and sharper 
 than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the 
 dividing asunder " — separating, or distinguish- 
 ing between, psyche and pneuma, mmd and 
 spirit. So that in whatever different senses the 
 word psyche may be used in the New Testa- 
 ment, it is evident that in all such passages as 
 I have been quoting it is used to denote the 
 natural powers of man. And the word mind is 
 the most convenient and suitable one to express 
 that idea in English. It is the right one, I 
 think, to take the place of psyche in such pas- 
 sages. 
 
 It is of first importance, let me here remark, 
 that we discriminate properly in the use of 
 words. An indiscriminate use of words is a 
 chief cause of misunderstanding and wrangling. 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY rt 
 
 It indicates confusion of thought in the person 
 who is speaking or writing. It creates confu- 
 sion of thought in the hearer or reader. This 
 leads to error, error leads to sin, and sin leads 
 to misery. " Words are living powers," as 
 Trench says. And he quotes Dr. Shedd as say- 
 ing that " the success and enduring influence of 
 any systematic construction of truth, be it sec- 
 ular or sacred, depends as much upon an exact 
 terminology as upon close and deep thinking 
 itself. Indeed, unless the results to which the 
 human mind arrives are plainly stated and 
 firmly fixed in an exact phraseology, its think- 
 ing is to very little purpose in the end." " The 
 words that I speak unto you, they are spirit 
 and they are life," said He who spake " as one 
 having authority." Cardinal Newman, a mas- 
 ter in the use of words, said : " We need not 
 dispute ; we need not to prove : we need but to 
 define." My old teacher, Dr. Charles Hodge, 
 used to say, " Different things should be desig- 
 nated by different words." And someone has 
 said : " Half the disputes in the world are 
 verbal ones." 
 
 Now is it not a surprising thing that little 
 or no discrimination is used by any one in the 
 use of such words as soul, spirit, mind, moral, 
 spiritual, and kindred words, which indeed are 
 among the most significant and important in 
 the language ? Would it not be a great change 
 
28 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 for the better if the word soul were always used 
 to denote the invisible, intangible, immaterial 
 part of a human being which is the living in- 
 habitant of the body? It is one's self. It is 
 the ego, I; the tu, thou. When we speak of 
 saving a man's soul, do we not mean saving the 
 man himself? When we speak of a person los- 
 ing his soul, do we not mean that he is ruining 
 himself? 
 
 The soul may act mentally or it may act 
 spiritually. It has an intellectual side and a 
 spiritual side. When the soul is thinking, it is 
 acting mentally or intellectually. When it is 
 conscious of God, and aspiring Godward and 
 heavenward, it is acting spiritually. It is ex- 
 ceedingly important that every person should 
 be taught early in life to distinguish between 
 the lower and worldly side of his nature, which 
 is the mental and physical, and the higher side 
 of it, which is the spiritual and moral. 
 
 That the Scriptures do very clearly make the 
 distinction between the intellectual and the 
 spiritual may be seen in I Cor. 14:14?, 15: 
 " For if I pray in an unknown tongue, my 
 spirit prayeth, but my understanding is un- 
 fruitful. What is it then? I will pray with 
 the spirit, and I will pray with the understand- 
 ing also: I will sing with the spirit, and I will 
 sing with the understanding also." 
 
 That the mind or understanding is referred 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY £9 
 
 to in very many places in Scripture everyone 
 knows. But not everyone has noticed that in 
 many places the spirit is spoken of when it can- 
 not be the same thing with mind. For example : 
 " That which is born of the Spirit is spirit." 
 " He that ruleth his spirit is better than he 
 that taketh a city." " The spirit of man will 
 sustain his infirmity." " The spirit of man is 
 the candle of the Lord, searching all his inner- 
 most parts." " He that hath no rule over his 
 own spirit is like a city that is broken down, 
 and without walls." "Be not hasty in thy 
 spirit to be angry." " As a woman forsaken, 
 and grieved in spirit." " And I went in bitter- 
 ness, in the heat of my spirit." " Every spirit 
 shall faint." Nebuchadnezzar's " spirit was 
 troubled." " An excellent spirit " was found in 
 Daniel, " and understanding." Jesus " groaned 
 in spirit." Paul's " spirit was stirred in him." 
 Apollos was " fervent in spirit." 
 
 Mind, intellect, understanding, reason, are 
 different words to express different acts of the 
 soul when it is thinking. It is convenient to 
 have them all, as there are shades of difference 
 between them. When we speak of the soul 
 merely as thinking, we call it the mind; as gain- 
 ing and possessing knowledge, we call it the in- 
 telligence or intellect; as apprehending the 
 meaning of a proposition, or of a subject, we 
 call it the understanding. When it enters upon 
 
30 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 a logical process for the ascertaining of truth, 
 we call it the reason, or reasoning power. 
 
 The words spirit and heart have different 
 shades of meaning. They both, of course, be- 
 long to the spiritual part of human nature. 
 But when the soul is holding communion with 
 the Father of spirits, it is properly called the 
 spirit. When exercising affection toward God 
 or man we call it the heart. And as love is 
 " the greatest thing in the world," the word 
 heart is in constant use, and could not well be 
 dispensed with. 
 
 It is a surprising thing that writers of good 
 repute will use the words moral, spiritual, and 
 intellectual, interchangeably. Why do they not 
 remember that the word moral etymologically 
 and properly relates only to conduct or behav- 
 ior, and should never be confused with things 
 spiritual or with things intellectual? " Different 
 things should be expressed by different words." 
 
 The mind thinks; the spirit feels. Everyone 
 knows the difference between feeling and think- 
 ing; and perhaps there is no one who cannot 
 recall times when he would have been wiser, and 
 would have done better to have heeded a deep 
 feeling that he had, rather than to have followed 
 the judgment which his thinking arrived at. 
 The natural man has provisionally a spiritual 
 side in his nature, made up of conscience, will, 
 affections, and emotions. True, it is as nothing 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 31 
 
 when compared with the spirit of the man who 
 has experienced the second birth and been 
 ushered into the spiritual realm. But still it 
 is a very important fact that the natural man 
 has feeling as well as the spiritual man. It is 
 that part of his nature which the Divine Spirit 
 and Christian friends may reach in their en- 
 deavors to win him to Christ. E. C. Sted- 
 man therefore spoke with truth when he said, 
 " Feeling is deeper than all thought." Dr. 
 Schofield, in his " Unconscious Mind," says, 
 " The driving impulse by which men are moved 
 to act comes from feeling rather than from 
 reason." Frances Power Cobbe says, in her 
 " Duties of Women " : " Never think — you who 
 are young, and glorying perhaps in the grand 
 new fields of intellectual culture- opened before 
 you — that the intellect is nobler than the 
 heart, that knowledge is greater than love. 
 Not so ! A thousand times, no ! " Sir Walter 
 Scott, so well acquainted with human nature and 
 human history, left his testimony on record in 
 these words : " We shall never learn to feel and 
 respect our real calling and destiny unless we 
 have taught ourselves to consider everything as 
 moonshine compared with the education of 
 the heart." And, wonderful to say, Herbert 
 Spencer, so wrong on many points, was right 
 on this. He said: "Ideas do not govern the 
 world: the world is governed by feelings, to 
 
32 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 which ideas serve only as guides. The social 
 mechanism does not rest finally upon opinions, 
 but almost wholly upon character." Character 
 belongs not to the intellectual but to the spirit- 
 ual part of human nature, as every thoughtful 
 and observant person knows. Sir William 
 Hamilton once said : " There is nothing great 
 in the world but man, and nothing great in man 
 but mind," and college boys are fond of quoting 
 it. But the second part of his saying is not 
 true, and so the boys are misled by the philoso^ 
 pher. If he had said there is nothing great in 
 man but spirit, or nothing great in him 
 but character, it would have been nearer the 
 truth ; and yet not exactly true, for the mind is 
 also great, though not so great as the spirit, or 
 character. Ruskin said : " The basest thought 
 possible concerning man is that he has no spirit- 
 ual nature." 
 
 The trend of thought in our day is toward 
 the acceptance of the threefold view of human 
 nature, and that for several reasons. One is 
 that more use is made of the Bible than in for- 
 mer times. It is being studied more intel- 
 ligently, prayerfully, and earnestly by a greater 
 number of people than ever before. Another is 
 that the attention of the Christian people has 
 for many years been directed specially and per- 
 sistently to the work of the Holy Spirit in the 
 regeneration of men, in the sanctification of be- 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 33 
 
 lievers, and to the prophecies and promises 
 which the Bible contains in reference to the 
 special presence and almighty influence of the 
 Spirit in Gospel times. And still another 
 reason is that physiological research is giving 
 scientists a leaning toward this view of human 
 nature. The late Sir William Dawson, eminent 
 in science, wrote as follows : 
 
 " We are drawn more closely to that middle 
 ground occupied by the New Testament writers 
 which gives ... a fair valuation to all the parts 
 of the composite nature of man. . . . The New 
 Testament has undoubtedly pointed to solutions of 
 the mysteries of our nature at which science and 
 philosophy are beginning to arrive by their own 
 paths; just as, in another department, the Bible 
 has shadowed forth the great principles and proc- 
 esses of creation in advance of the discoveries of 
 geology." 
 
 I am not opposing what theologians call 
 dichotomy, nor am I defending trichotomy. So 
 far as I know I am not a trichotomist. Trichot- 
 omy is the doctrine that man consists of three 
 distinct substances — body, mind, and spirit. 
 Our teacher, Dr. Charles Hodge, used to argue 
 against it on that ground. I would agree with 
 him on that point, and I do not receive as truth 
 all that has been written by trichotomists. I 
 think that they had sight of a very important 
 truth, revealed in Scripture ; and in the heat of 
 
34 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 battling for it they, as often occurs in such 
 cases, allowed some erroneous statements to 
 escape from them. 
 
 With this frank avowal, I give it as my belief 
 that it would be a very great gain to the cause 
 of truth if Christians would recognize and adopt 
 the three-fold distinction of body, mind, and 
 spirit without adopting the division of man into 
 three distinct and separate substances. 
 
 Man is a unit. But the manifestations of his 
 life may properly be distinguished one from 
 another. He is not cut up or divided when the 
 manifestations of his life are thus distinguished. 
 He is an organism, just as is an animal or a 
 plant. The plant is one; but what variety 
 there is in it! What distinctions we find it 
 necessary to make between root, stalk, leaf, and 
 blossom. So man is one ; but he has body, and 
 mind, and spirit. 
 
 Distinctions are necessary and useful. We 
 distinguish between intellect and judgment 
 without cutting up the human mind. We make 
 a distinction between memory and the imagina- 
 tion without impairing the unity of the mind. 
 In religion we make a distinction, clear and 
 strong, between the Father, the Son, and the 
 Holy Spirit without dividing the Deity into 
 three substances. " To us there is but one God," 
 as the apostle declares. Yet the Father is God, 
 the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God. 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 35 
 
 Making distinctions is not the same thing with 
 making divisions. We need not wonder that 
 the God who made us is a triune being, since we 
 find that man himself is triune — three in one. 
 
 So the Scriptures distinguish between the 
 mental or rational in man and the spiritual. 
 When once the spiritual is enthroned in the soul 
 by an act of God, the intellectual and the 
 spiritual become interfused. They cannot be 
 separated, while they still remain distinct. 
 
 The mind is spiritualized. " Spiritually- 
 minded " is an expression in common use. 
 Every faculty and aspect of the mind is influ- 
 enced. The spirit becomes more and more dom- 
 inant. The entire man is spiritualized. He is 
 sanctified in body, mind, and spirit. What 
 Joseph Cook used to call " the solar light " 
 often shines through the eyes ; and under favor- 
 able circumstances, as after earnest prayer, the 
 whole face of a sincere believer is illumined. 
 
 The connection between mind and spirit is, of 
 course, mysterious, for whatever is immaterial 
 and invisible is to us full of mystery. There is 
 a profound mystery as to the connection be- 
 tween soul and body. But no one thinks of 
 denying, because it is mysterious, that there is 
 a very close connection, and yet a real distinc- 
 tion, between them. I rejoice in the mystery 
 connected with the constitution of our nature 
 and with the being and works of God generally. 
 
36 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 For mystery is absolutely necessary to our hap- 
 piness. If we knew everything, the pleasure of 
 seeking and acquiring knowledge would be at an 
 end. And constituted as we are, we cannot con- 
 ceive of our being happy if such a state of 
 things existed. But God is infinite, and man is 
 finite. " Canst thou by searching find out 
 God? Canst thou find out the Almighty unto 
 perfection? It is high as heaven; what canst 
 thou do ? Deeper than Sheol ; what canst thou 
 know? " And yet, " if thou criest after knowl- 
 edge, and liftest up thy voice for understand- 
 ing: if thou seekest her as silver and searchest 
 for her as for hid treasures, then shalt thou 
 understand the fear of the Lord, and find the 
 knowledge of God. For the Lord giveth wis- 
 dom: out of his mouth cometh knowledge and 
 understanding." 
 
 Let us now see how the Scriptures speak of 
 human wisdom, or of man's reasoning powers, as 
 applied to spiritual things. We shall see that 
 they everywhere represent the intellect of man 
 as unreliable when it comes to' penetrating the 
 deep things of God. " Trust in the Lord with 
 all thine heart, and lean not unto thine own un- 
 derstanding." " Woe unto them that are wise 
 in their own eyes." " If any man thinketh that 
 he knoweth any thing he knoweth nothing yet 
 as he ought to know." " Thy wisdom and thy 
 knowledge it hath perverted thee." " Thou 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 37 
 
 hast said in thine heart, I am, and none else be- 
 side me. Therefore shall evil come upon thee." 
 " Thus saith the Lord, Let not the wise man 
 glory in his wisdom, . . . but let him that 
 glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and 
 knoweth me, that I am the Lord, who exerciseth 
 loving-kindness, justice, and righteousness on 
 the earth: for in these things do I delight, saith 
 the Lord." " The wise men are ashamed ; they 
 are dismayed and taken: lo, they have rejected 
 the word of the Lord, and what wisdom is in 
 them? " " Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear 
 the Lord and depart from evil." " Be not 
 righteous overmuch; neither make thyself over- 
 wise: why shouldst thou destroy thyself? " 
 " For the wisdom of their wise men shall perish, 
 and the understanding of their prudent shall be 
 hid." 
 
 If some one suggests that all these statements, 
 so derogatory to human reason and wisdom, are 
 taken from the Old Testament; but that surely 
 the New Testament, containing the greater light 
 and glory of the revelation made by the Son of 
 God, contains no such disparagement of the in- 
 tellect of man, let us see. 
 
 The Apostle Paul, in writing to the Corinth- 
 ians, quotes and endorses these declarations of 
 the Old Testament. He says : " The preach- 
 ing of the cross is to them that perish foolish- 
 ness ; but unto us who are saved it is the power 
 
38 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 of God. For it is written, I will destroy the 
 wisdom of the wise, and will bring to nothing the 
 understanding of the prudent. Where is the 
 wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the dis- 
 puter of this world? Hath not God made fool- 
 ish the wisdom of this world? For after that 
 in the wisdom of God the world by (its) wisdom 
 knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness 
 of preaching to save them that believe." " Be- 
 cause the foolishness of God is wiser than men ; 
 and the weakness of God is stronger than men." 
 " God hath chosen the foolish things of the 
 world to confound the wise; and God hath 
 chosen the weak things of the world to confound 
 the things which are mighty." " And I, 
 brethren, when I came to you, came not with ex- 
 cellency of speech or of wisdom." " And my 
 speech and my preaching was not with enticing 
 words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of 
 the Spirit and of power : that your faith should 
 not stand in the wisdom of men, but in the 
 power of God." " The natural man receiveth 
 not the things of the Spirit of God : for they are 
 foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, 
 because they are spiritually discerned." " For 
 the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. 
 For it is written, He taketh the wise in their own 
 craftiness. And again, The Lord knoweth the 
 thoughts of the wise, that they are vain. 
 Therefore let no man glory in men." 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 39 
 
 How clearly the New Testament also shows 
 that human reason is incapable of discovering 
 the deep things of God; and, if left to itself, of 
 understanding and appreciating them when they 
 are revealed. The blessed Master himself said : 
 " I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and 
 earth, because thou hast hid these things from 
 the wise and understanding, and hast revealed 
 them unto babes. Even so, Father: for so it 
 seemed good in thy sight." 
 
 And what a blessed thing it is, these things 
 being so, that whosoever will believe the simple 
 Word of God, and act accordingly, will be a 
 wonderful gainer thereby, both for the life that 
 now is and for the life that is to come ! 
 
 The inadequacy and unreliability of the 
 human intellect in regard to the deep things of 
 God and to the soul of man, is illustrated in 
 the history of philosophy. Philosophy is an 
 innocent and harmless word. Indeed it is a 
 very good word. It means the love of wisdom, 
 as leading to a search for it. As a study of 
 general principles, that is, of the laws and causes 
 which afford a rational explanation of facts and 
 occurrences, it is a proper and useful branch 
 of study. This must be done, of course, with 
 a due regard to the fundamental truth revealed 
 in Scripture. Dr. Adolph Vinet, eminent as a 
 philosopher as well as a theologian, said: 
 " Philosophy is only a higher degree of good 
 
40 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 sense, which, not pretending to know all things, 
 desires to have a thorough knowledge of those 
 objects the knowledge of which has been placed 
 within our reach." But when it undertakes to 
 explain God, man, and the universe on rational 
 principles and without any reference to the lim- 
 itations of the human mind and the revelation 
 made to mankind in the Hebrew and Christian 
 Scriptures, philosophy becomes an unsatisfying, 
 worthless, and harmful study. In this latter 
 sense it began with the Greek philosophers, long 
 before the advent of Christ. They made mis- 
 takes, of course; but on the whole they did re- 
 markably well, considering that they knew noth- 
 ing of the revelation which had already been 
 made to the Israelites. Even while the apostles 
 lived, the lately-formed churches were troubled 
 by this false philosophy under the name of 
 gnosticism. Some of the leaders of the churches 
 were disposed to tamper with and to yield more 
 or less to the influence of rationalism under the 
 guise of philosophy. Philosophy of that kind 
 is false and misleading. It has been harbored 
 in the church ever since, and has served to 
 weaken the faith of Christians, and thereby to 
 debilitate the church of Christ in all the cen- 
 turies. Especially since the rise of English 
 Deism, and the publication of John Locke's 
 " Human Understanding," has philosophy been 
 crippling the church and hindering the coming 
 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 41 
 
 of the Kingdom of our Lord. Locke was a 
 professed Christian, but, like many at the pres- 
 ent day, he wanted to rationalize Christianity. 
 His speculations about the human mind were 
 taken up at once by many. Bishop Berkeley 
 worked them out into a very foolish system of 
 idealism. Hume, an infidel, carried the ideas of 
 Locke much farther than the latter would have 
 been willing to go. The new ideas were eagerly 
 grasped by the French infidels, and worked out 
 practically into the horrors of the French Revo- 
 lution. The German dreamers received them 
 gladly, and John Stuart Mill, Huxley, Herbert 
 Spencer, and many other Englishmen adopted 
 the sensational theory of Locke and applied it 
 in their own way. We know the result. The 
 alarm and distress of the church, and the 
 cackling and crowing of the skeptics for the last 
 fifty years, have been owing to this philosophy, 
 applied, as it was at once, to the alleged discov- 
 eries of Darwin. I remember well when all the 
 world appeared to be looking up to Herbert 
 Spencer as a great and wonderful thinker and 
 leader of thought for other men. To-day 
 Borden P. Bowne, in his " Kant and Spencer," 
 says that Spencer's philosophy " is finally dis- 
 credited, having become obsolete even before its 
 author's death." 
 
 John Calvin had perhaps the best mind of all 
 the men on earth in his day. I say this because 
 
42 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 the product of his thinking and the greatness of 
 his influence are felt and acknowledged to this 
 day in the spheres of theology, government, and 
 education. Would you have his opinion of the 
 philosophy of the schools ? Here it is : " No 
 one under the guidance of mere nature ever 
 made such proficiency as to know God. Should 
 anyone bring forward the philosophers as ex- 
 ceptions, I answer that in them more especially 
 there is presented a signal token of this one 
 weakness. For there will not be found one of 
 them that has not from that first principle of 
 knowledge which I have mentioned straightway 
 turned aside into extravagant and erroneous 
 speculations, and for the most part they betray 
 a silliness worse than that of old wives." 
 
 One of our religious papers says that Eucken, 
 of Jena, and Bergson, of Paris, are " leading the 
 thought of the world to-day." These two 
 philosophers are unbelievers. They are mfldels 
 in the true Christian sense. If they are lead- 
 ing the thought of the world, God pity the 
 world! And so far as they are leading the 
 thought of Christians in high places in the 
 church, woe to the church! Jesus Christ, who 
 was sent into the world to reveal unto us poor 
 mortals the infinite, eternal, incomprehensible 
 One as a Father, and to redeem us from our sins 
 and miseries, must be a great thinker. I would 
 judge so from his words and discourses recorded 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 43 
 
 in the four Gospels. Yet we have Christian 
 leaders who are accepting the thoughts of two 
 infidel philosophers in preference to those of the 
 Son of God. If we men of the twentieth century 
 were Christians of the genuine stamp, we would 
 be following the lead of the greatest thinker 
 who ever walked the earth. Those men in the 
 church who are following the philosophers and 
 are ready to accept the latest " fad " in " Mod- 
 ern Thought," imagine that all who read and 
 think must think as they do. No, sirs ! No, 
 sirs ! There are millions of us, thank God ! who 
 have no confidence in the flesh, — that is, in the 
 thinking of talented unbelievers. We prefer, 
 and we ever shall prefer, to follow the lead of 
 our Lord, the Great Teacher, in adopting a 
 " philosophy of life and existence." 
 
 I have found life too short to spend much of 
 it in reading what unbelievers have to say about 
 our holy religion. But as Eucken, the philoso^ 
 pher, appears to be the idol of the rationalists, 
 I have been reading one of his books to see 
 what he thinks. I find that he is a very shrewd 
 writer. He is well aware of what Christianity 
 has accomplished in the world, even in the de- 
 fective and often distorted form in which it has 
 been presented by the church, and of the mighty 
 hold it has at the present day upon the vast 
 majority of thoughtful persons. It suits his 
 purpose, therefore, to use the Christian termin- 
 
44 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 ology, and to borrow the most beautiful and 
 attractive parts of the Christian faith, in set- 
 ting forth his views of the philosophy which the 
 world, in his opinion, so badly needs. He 
 agrees with Christians that our civilization is 
 in a very bad condition. 
 
 The President of the University of Chicago 
 was reported, some time ago, to have said before 
 a Baptist Convention that " the present age is 
 the most decadent in history, with the exception 
 of the days just before the fall of the Roman 
 Empire and before the French Revolution." 
 He said that " nothing can save this nation but 
 a great social and political regeneration." A 
 religious weekly, commenting on President Jud- 
 son's remarks, was not sure that his statement 
 was not a piece of rhetoric arising from the fear 
 engendered by the many disclosures of immoral 
 and criminal acts that were being everywhere 
 made. " Yet," it went on to say, " the evil and 
 the decadence is something awful. Sometimes 
 it does look as if he were right — that the age 
 had sunk into a quagmire of greed, and graft, 
 and immoral life and thought, and the madness 
 of national jealousies and racial hatreds. Pub- 
 lic officers are falling as before a scythe. We 
 have a divorce mill at Reno where anyone can 
 get divorced for a few dollars; so free-love is 
 made easy, and is being widely availed of. Im- 
 moral plays claim many of our theaters. Our 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 45 
 
 journalism is decadent and devoted to the gos- 
 sip of crime. Our great cities are more and 
 more given over to gluttony and drinking. We 
 have a great crowd of idle rich and idle poor, 
 both holding the respect of law very loosely. 
 We have the spectacle of Germany and England 
 arming to the teeth, and starving their people 
 to do it." 
 
 Now Eucken is aware of this being as true, on 
 the whole, in Europe as it is in America. He 
 has, he says, " a strong and painful conviction 
 of the inadequacy and indeed the emptiness of 
 modern civilization, in spite of all its outer os- 
 tentation." 
 
 Speaking of the great improvements brought 
 about by discoveries in science, and by the en- 
 ergetic spirit of the age, he says : " All these 
 achievements do not help us to attain a joyous 
 and assured sense of life : a pessimistic tone has 
 become very widespread, and continually ex- 
 tends further. How is it that with us work 
 and happiness refuse to associate?" "All 
 technical achievements do not preserve us from 
 inner emptiness." " Thus with regard to the 
 problem of truth we now find ourselves in an ex- 
 tremely uncertain and confused position." 
 After the hard study and laborious efforts of 
 many " great thinkers " for twenty-five hundred 
 years, the leading philosopher of the twentieth 
 century says : " Philosophy is uncertain of 
 
46 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 itself ; its work is dislocated, is divided into dif- 
 ferent schools, each one of which, in order to 
 maintain itself, thinks it necessary to refute all 
 the others. This conflict threatens to remain 
 unsettled and without result; it seems in the 
 course of the centuries to grow rather than to 
 diminish. The strife of the philosophers with 
 one another has turned out to be so unsatisfac- 
 tory and fruitless." " Philosophy is not only 
 full of problems, but philosophy itself as a 
 whole is and remains a problem." All this from 
 the leading philosopher of the twentieth century 
 ought to satisfy anyone that the tallow-candle 
 of this world's philosophy has almost burnt out, 
 and that there is nothing left of it but a little 
 flicker. " The re-emergence of a philosophy of 
 life and existence becomes an urgent require- 
 ment in the complication and confusion of the 
 present situation." You might suppose that a 
 man who sees all this clearly would feel con- 
 strained to accept the Christian remedy for this 
 confusion of thought and for all the evils and 
 miseries in the world. But far from it. He 
 goes on to show the insufficiency of all the phi- 
 losophy which the " great thinkers " have 
 thought out up to this time; and he does this 
 to clear the way for the remedy which he thinks 
 he has discovered. He says : " Christianity has 
 torn man away from the coherences of the world 
 which encompassed him in antiquity, and the 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 47 
 
 increased independence of the soul forbids a 
 simple return. But he is no longer certain even 
 of the Deity; in any case his relation to 
 the Deity no longer controls the whole of 
 life. In this situation where can he now turn 
 to find truth, and what meaning can this 
 conception still retain? In accordance with 
 the experiences which we have described, man 
 can seek truth nowhere else but in himself, his 
 own life must possess the depth which ever for 
 himself at first lies, a dim and distant back- 
 ground: with the full appropriation of this 
 depth, however, he may hope to discover a world 
 in himself; or rather he may himself grow into 
 a world." " The reason which is immanent in 
 the human race must now take the place of the 
 universe and the Deity." There you have it! 
 The great philosopher's remedy for all the evils 
 that afflict humanity is to be found in man him- 
 self. No need for God, of whom the wise and 
 good have always felt the need. No need for 
 Jesus Christ as a Savior, nor for the great 
 salvation which he died to secure for men! 
 Sabatier, a French rationalist, published a large 
 volume a few years ago in which he endeavored 
 to show that authority in religion is not in the 
 church and not in the Bible — but that it is in 
 Christian consciousness. That amounts to the 
 same thing with Eucken's teaching. Man is his 
 own authority for what he believes and for what 
 
48 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 he does. This falls in with the spirit of the age 
 and the trend of thought. Here in America, 
 especially, men are lovers and worshipers ofj 
 money, and admirers and worshipers of " great 
 men." It amounts to a deification of humanity, 
 and is leading to a new sort of religion which has 
 been called Humanism. This will explain some 
 things. It shows, for instance, why boys and 
 girls are taught that the human intellect is some- 
 thing gigantic in the case of a favored few ; and 
 why they are taught to look up to and admire 
 " great men " as so many " wonders of the 
 world " ; why modest yet studious young people 
 are kept back and discouraged because they 
 think their own minds are poor and weak and 
 that great minds are confined to a privileged few ; 
 why modest ministers of the gospel, who are fully 
 conscious that many things are wrong in the 
 churches and in the preaching of the day, are 
 waiting for some " great leader " to appear to 
 bring about the desired change. How much bet- 
 ter it would be if they would follow their true 
 leader, Jesus Christ, and do each one his " level 
 best," in the power of the Holy Spirit, to ad- 
 vance the kingdom of truth and righteousness 
 upon earth ! 
 
 In view of the immense and harmful influence 
 philosophy has ever had in the Christian church, 
 and of the singular attractions it has had for 
 talented and ambitious " clergymen," how neces- 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 49 
 
 sary and important is that warning given by the 
 apostle Paul in writing to the church at Colosse, 
 in which a false philosophy had already begun its 
 deadly work, and which warning is more needed 
 now in the twentieth century than it was in the 
 first, " Take heed lest there shall be anyone that 
 maketh spoil of you through his philosophy and 
 vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the 
 rudiments of the world, and not after Christ." 
 
 There is another notable illustration in the 
 rise and fall of Darwinism, of the weakness of 
 the human intellect when trying to explain God, 
 man, and the universe, while ignoring the divine 
 revelation. " The Origin of Species " was pub- 
 lished in 1859, and at once created a great stir 
 in the world. Darwin, who was an admirable 
 naturalist and a most amiable man, was religious 
 in his early life. But he gave up all interest in 
 religion, and in some other things that he had 
 loved — music for instance — that he might 
 give himself wholly to the study of nature. He 
 will be remembered with honor in the scientific 
 world on account of his services to natural sci- 
 ence. But he made the stupendous blunder of 
 believing that his theory of natural selection — 
 struggle for existence, and survival of the fit- 
 test — accounted for everything in the animated 
 world. He believed that he had upset Christian- 
 ity by his speculations. That did not trouble 
 him in the least. On the other hand, he was de- 
 
50 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 lighted with the reception his theory met with 
 in Germany, where it was gulped down at once, 
 and then in other countries. The way this the- 
 ory " took " with the scientific world was one of 
 the most extraordinary things in all history, and 
 it is most instructive as to the limitations of the 
 human intellect. Men in all professions and 
 pursuits, especially all who did not like religion, 
 as soon as they heard that a great man of science 
 had made a wonderful discovery unfavorable to 
 Christianity, accepted it, whether they under- 
 stood it or not. Many ministers of the gospel, 
 especially those who wanted to be considered 
 intellectual and abreast of the times in their 
 knowledge, accepted the new theory. It was so 
 scientific and it was so popular that it must be 
 true. I well remember the effect upon the 
 churches and upon the preaching of many. It 
 was noised abroad that the supernatural had dis- 
 appeared; that the spiritual was gone forever; 
 that miracles were impossible; and that such a 
 thing as design was not to be found in all nature. 
 And, oh ! the distress that all this gave to those 
 who retained their common sense and their piety. 
 Learned theologians in Germany who had 
 adopted the Darwinian theory set themselves to 
 work to reconstruct the Bible to make it har- 
 monize with the great discovery of Darwin. 
 They availed themselves of the idea which had 
 been advanced by a French physician named 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 51 
 
 Astruc (1684-1766), and originated what they 
 called " the Higher Criticism of the Bible." 
 Thus originated what is known as " the New 
 Theology." It is based upon Darwinism and the 
 Higher Criticism. And all this foolish talk in the 
 magazines and newspapers about the " New 
 Thought," " Modern Thought," and " the as- 
 sured results of modern scholarship," may 
 be traced back to Darwinism. And thus 
 began and still continues the most wide- 
 spread and lamentable apostasy from " the 
 faith once delivered to the saints " with 
 which the church has had to contend. Out- 
 side of the churches great numbers of people 
 seem to have lost their faith in Christianity be- 
 cause they have learned that even some ministers 
 are in doubt about the truth of the Bible and 
 whether Jesus Christ was really what he claimed 
 to be. And while Christians and the people of 
 the world are discussing these questions, a per- 
 fect carnival of vice and crime prevails in Chris- 
 tian countries. 
 
 While the world is running riot in its wicked- 
 ness, and the " better classes " (as they call 
 themselves) are wild with greed for money and 
 the pleasures which money will buy, what has 
 been going on among men of science? 
 
 There were some scientists, like Sedgwick in 
 England and Agassiz in America, who protested 
 vigorously from the first against Darwin's the- 
 
m MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 ory. But their voice was not heeded amid the 
 clamor of the world. Professor Sedgwick had 
 been the instructor of Darwin at Cambridge, 
 and was his warm personal friend. He wrote to 
 him on the publication of his book : " I have 
 read your book with more pain than pleasure. 
 Parts of it I admired greatly, parts I laughed at 
 till my sides were almost sore; other parts I 
 read with absolute sorrow, because I think them 
 utterly false and grievously mischievous." In 
 an article written later, and published in the 
 Spectator, Professor Sedgwick expressed himself 
 thus : " I cannot conclude without expressing 
 my detestation of the theory because of its un- 
 flinching materialism, because it utterly repudi- 
 ates final causes, and thereby indicates a de- 
 moralized understanding on the part of its ad- 
 vocates. ... I think it untrue because opposed 
 to the obvious course of nature, and the very 
 opposite of inductive truth. And I think it in- 
 tensely mischievous." 
 
 A few years passed, and they were years of 
 conflict and of sad discouragement in the church 
 of Christ. But in April, 1888, an eminent 
 writer in the Edinburgh Review said : " Pure 
 Darwinism has had its day: it is becoming old- 
 fashioned, and, like every other heresy, has given 
 birth to children destined to be its destroyer." 
 This prediction has been fulfilled. Sir Thistle- 
 ton Dyer, F. R. S., the eminent botanist, said in 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 53 
 
 Nature for July 30, 1896: "The Darwinian 
 theory of Organic Evolution seems hardly to 
 have a convinced supporter left, except Mr. Al- 
 fred R. Wallace and myself." And William 
 Hanna Thompson, M. D., a distinguished sci- 
 entist and writer, of New York City, in his 
 "What is Physical Life? " quotes from fifteen 
 prominent writers on scientific subjects, chiefly 
 biological, — some in Europe, some in America, 
 — who have no faith in Darwin's strange and 
 atheistic theory. He says : " It is but the sim- 
 ple truth to say that at present the opinion of 
 such experts in all the different fields of biolog- 
 ical research is preponderately adverse to the 
 claims of the Darwinian theory, and is steadily 
 growing more so." He says that Professor 
 Oscar Hertwig, of Berlin, in his ponderous vol- 
 ume on " Epigenesis," does not conceal his con- 
 tempt for the Darwinian theory of natural se- 
 lection ; also that Professor Von Hartmann says 
 that in the first decade of the twentieth century it 
 has become apparent that the " days of Darwin- 
 ism are numbered." Among its latest opponents, 
 besides many others, are such savants as Eimer, 
 Professor of Zoology in the University of Tubin- 
 gen; Gustave Wolff; De Vries, Professor of 
 Botany in the University of Amsterdam ; Hooche 
 and Fleischmann. Professor Fleischmann, of 
 \he University of Erlangen, maintains that the 
 Darwinian theory of descent has not a single 
 
54 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 fact to confirm it in the realm of nature; that 
 it is " not the result of scientific research, but 
 purely the product of the imagination." Pro- 
 fessor G. Henslow, F. R. S., says in Nineteenth 
 Century and After, for November, 1906: " It 
 is now half a century since Darwin's work on 
 " The Origin of Species by Natural Descent " 
 has been published. Up to the present day it is 
 an indisputable fact that not a single variety or 
 species of any wild animal or plant has ever been 
 proved to have had its origin by means of natural 
 selection." " Among American biologists the 
 opponents of the theory of natural selection are 
 no less numerous." For instance, Professor V. 
 L. Kellogg, of the Leland Stanford University 
 of California, in his elaborate work entitled 
 " Darwinism To-day," says : " Men using or 
 rather testing these theories every day in their 
 work in field and laboratory find selection insuffi- 
 cient to explain the conditions that their observ- 
 ation and experiments reveal to them. These 
 men are students in all the lines of biological 
 work whether zoologists, botanists, paleontolo- 
 gists, or animal and plant breeders. From all 
 these lines of work come increasing complaints. 
 * Selection cannot explain for me what I see to 
 exist.' From some the cry is more bitter : ' Se- 
 lection is a delusion and false guide. I reject it 
 utterly.' For me, I repeat, this is an objection 
 of much significance and importance, that the 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 55 
 
 biological experimentalists, the students of vari- 
 ation and heredity, of life mechanics, are finding 
 the rigid theory of selection's control of all proc- 
 esses and phenomena a rack on which they will 
 no longer be bound." Professor H. F. Osborn, 
 of Columbia University, at a meeting held on the 
 centenary of Darwin's birth, said: "There is 
 no denying that there is to-day a wide reaction 
 against the central feature of Darwin's 
 thought," while he went on to eulogize Darwin as 
 a naturalist. 
 
 " These criticisms of Darwinism," says Dr. 
 Thomson, " do not come from amateurs, but 
 from qualified experts. It is to be regretted that 
 some of them, especially in Germany, show that 
 there can be as acrid an odium scientificwm as 
 ever there was an odium theologicum, for one 
 professor intimates that there can be no Dar- 
 winian except he be afflicted with a congenital in- 
 ability to think clearly ; while another says that 
 a believer in natural selection must have soften- 
 ing of the brain." 
 
 Now in contrast with the view now taken of 
 Darwin and his dream, let us go back for a mo- 
 ment to the time when it was first published to 
 the world. Sir Robert Ball, an eminent astron- 
 omer, was delighted with this infidel and atheistic 
 way of accounting for all things. He goes off 
 in the most " highf alutin " style: "The life- 
 less earth is the canvas on which has been drawn 
 
56 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 the noblest picture that modern science has pro- 
 duced. It is Darwin who has drawn this pic- 
 ture. He has taken up the history of the earth 
 where the astronomer left it, and he has made 
 discoveries which have influenced thought and 
 opinion more than any other discoveries that 
 have been made for centuries. . . . The method 
 Darwin adopts is of the most captivating sim- 
 plicity. When the history of science in our 
 century comes to be written, the interest will 
 culminate in the supreme discovery of natural 
 selection." He goes on in the same style; and 
 guesses that very little is needed now to suppose 
 that life had a spontaneous origin from matter. 
 " We have but little more to demand of the the- 
 ory of spontaneous generation. The more we 
 study the nature of matter, the less improbable 
 will it seem that organic beings should have so 
 originated." 
 
 How grand and glorious is true science — the 
 science of Newton, Galileo, the Herschells, Pro- 
 fessor Henry, Asa Gray, and a host of others, 
 who have studied nature and made discoveries 
 for the glory of God and the uplift of man! 
 But the science whose aim is to discredit the rev- 
 elation made in Holy Writ, the revelation which 
 teaches us that the eternal God is our Father, 
 and that Jesus Christ is our Savior from sin and 
 misery — what is that but science gone mad, or, 
 as Lawson would say, " frenzied " science? 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 57 
 
 There is nothing formidable in the word evo^ 
 lution. It only means development ; and it was 
 known and written about long before Darwin was 
 born. It is generally accepted as a principle 
 or law in the processes of nature and of life. 
 When there is anything to develop, or evolve, 
 there will always be development or evolution. 
 Evolution, in the true and proper sense of the 
 term, requires a Creator to produce the material 
 to be evolved. The law of evolution demands a 
 Lawgiver to establish the law. He who is in all 
 and over all, whose prerogative it is to bring 
 good out of evil, order out of confusion, and 
 light out of darkness, will bring good out of the 
 evil wrought by Darwin's mischievous mistake. 
 The subject of evolution will be better under- 
 stood. The preparation of the earth for man's 
 abode, carried on gradually during long ages, is 
 clearly seen to be the truth, and takes the place, 
 in the sum of our knowledge, of the former idea 
 of an instantaneous creation. The immanence 
 of the Divine Creator in all his creatures and 
 works is an old Bible truth ; but the theistic evo- 
 lutionists have made much of it, as though it 
 had originated with them. The divine imma- 
 nence taught in the Scriptures is neither pan- 
 theism nor monism. It differs from the imma- 
 nence of theistic evolution as far as light differs 
 from darkness. 
 
 There is a bare possibility that man is 
 
58 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 ascended from the animals, so far as his body 
 and mentality are concerned. I do not believe 
 that it can ever be demonstrated. But even if 
 it should eventually prove to be true, it would 
 only render the more necessary and the more 
 glorious the revealed truth that every human be- 
 ing needs to be born anew — to be born of the 
 Spirit, and thus to be endowed with spiritual 
 life. 
 
 Let no one fail to notice that Mr. Darwin, 
 who spent his time and used his splendid gifts in 
 trying to prove that we do not need God, or his 
 Son Jesus Christ, and who occasioned the great 
 falling away from the faith during the latter half 
 of the nineteenth century, became a very restless 
 and unhappy man when he was not much more 
 than seventy. He wrote : " I am rather de- 
 spondent about myself. ... I have not the 
 heart or strength to begin any investigation last- 
 ing years, which is the only thing I enjoy, and 
 I have no little job which I can do. Everything 
 tires me, even seeing scenery. . . . What I shall 
 do with my few remaining years of life, I can 
 hardly tell. I have everything to make me 
 happy and contented, but life has become very 
 wearisome to me." He had wealth, fame, troops 
 of friends, and a loving family, but he was rest- 
 less and unhappy. The poor man did not know 
 what ailed him. But every true Christian 
 knows. 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 59 
 
 Oh, how gloriously different it is with the 
 sincere Christian who is laying down the work 
 of life and approaching the Celestial City! 
 Blessed is the man who as he grows old is sus- 
 tained, day by day, by a faith, a love, a hope, 
 an anticipation, that make it an unceasing and 
 increasing joy to live. Life here is a joy, for he 
 can help many ; and to die is gain, for to depart 
 and be with Christ, whom he has long loved and 
 longed to see — this is " far better." 
 
 Ignorance of the fact that there is in hu- 
 man nature a spiritual as well as an intellectual 
 side has been a tremendous mistake on the part 
 of preachers of the Gospel. It has made the 
 work of the pastor and the experience of the 
 people, in very many cases, defective and un- 
 satisfactory. The pastor has, as a rule, de- 
 pended on influencing his hearer through his 
 intellect, whereas the regenerated portion of his 
 people must be reached through the spirit, and 
 a lost sinner can be arrested in his course, con- 
 victed of his sins, and made to feel his need of 
 a divine Savior, only through his conscience. 
 The minister needs to be well acquainted with 
 the distinction between mind and spirit for his 
 own personal benefit as well as for that of his 
 people. 
 
 Doctor Thomas H. Skinner, an able and suc- 
 cessful theological professor, in his " Aids to 
 Preaching and Hearing," spoke in these terms : 
 
60 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 " There should be maintained a discipline of 
 sentiment and feeling, as well as of intellect, 
 with reference to power in speaking. There 
 are certain spiritual affections and habitudes 
 of mind which should receive at least equal cul- 
 tivation with the intellectual powers called into 
 requisition. It was the frame of his soul, as 
 much as his doctrine, which caused it to be said 
 of Jesus Christ, ' Never man spake like this 
 man.' His doctrine was not superior to that 
 of the apostles ; it was the purity of feeling, 
 the love of truth, the deep sense of eternal 
 things, the benevolence for men, the zeal for 
 God, which filled the soul of our Savior, that 
 imparts such resistless power to his utterances. 
 It was this that made his doctrine itself so re- 
 markable. Whitefield, the greatest of modern 
 preachers, used to prepare himself for the 
 pulpit, not so much by arranging his thoughts 
 and studying his expressions and his actions, 
 for which he was so remarkable, as by bathing 
 his spirit in heavenly influences. It was the 
 agony of prayer more than the agony of 
 thought that made his eloquence the wonder of 
 his time. This is a matter of the deepest mo- 
 ment to the interests of religion, and the day 
 is coming when it will be so esteemed by the 
 ministry. The universal spread of the Gospel 
 will be preceded by the labors of a ministry 
 not less learned nor less given to study and 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 61 
 
 elaborate writing than their predecessors, but 
 more like the apostles in the business of disci- 
 plining the heart with direct reference to the 
 exercises of addressing assemblies of men in 
 the name of Heaven. 
 
 " A minister who appears in the pulpit, not 
 to meet a professional call, but to speak to his 
 fellow-creatures on the infinite affairs of eter- 
 nity, impressed more by the divine presence 
 than by that of the assembly; so subdued and 
 pervaded by the powers of his subject that he 
 can have no concern about the opinions of men ; 
 jealous, not for his own reputation, but for the 
 cause of truth and of human salvation ; relying, 
 not on himself, however well prepared for his 
 work, but on the secret influences of the Holy 
 Spirit ; and assured that his message, however 
 received, will not be a vain one, nor return 
 void to him by whom he was commissioned to 
 deliver it — a minister who preaches with his 
 soul exercised by such sentiments and emotions, 
 will, without fail, preach with the purest elo- 
 quence and with irresistible power. 
 
 " There are too many preachers who are care- 
 ful to make all that preparation for the pulpit 
 which will secure them against a loss of reputa- 
 tion for intellect and knowledge, who yet leave 
 this more important part of the preparatory 
 work greatly neglected. Hence, doubtless, 
 more than from every cause besides, the differ- 
 
62 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 ence in result between modern and apostolical 
 preaching. We have no account of an em- 
 inently successful preacher in any age who did 
 not give his chief concern, in preparing for the 
 pulpit, to the preparation of his heart. Let 
 those who would understand well the elements of 
 pulpit-power, examine into the matter in the 
 light which the biographies of such men as 
 Flavel, Baxter, and Whitefield reflect upon it. 
 Luther remarked, after having nearly finished 
 his great course of service, " I am now an old 
 man, and have been a long time employed in the 
 business of preaching; but I never ascend the 
 pulpit without trembling." 
 
 I have given this as a specimen of the way 
 in which earnest and spiritually-minded min- 
 isters have always addressed young men pre- 
 paring for the ministry. I submit it as a self- 
 evident proposition that if every minister and 
 every candidate for the ministry knew that he 
 had a spirit as well as an intellect, and that 
 the spirit is the higher and nobler and more im- 
 portant part of human nature, the effect would 
 be most happy upon the ministry, upon preach- 
 ing, and upon those who hear the Gospel. 
 
 That this distinction between mind and spirit 
 has not been generally made by preachers of 
 the Gospel I know from the fact that in my long 
 experience I cannot recall an instance of hav- 
 ing heard it made. Reading recently " Some 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 63 
 
 By-Products of Missions," by the Rev. I. T. 
 Headland, Ph. D., 'an eminent missionary to 
 China, and an able preacher and lecturer here 
 at home, I met with a confirmation of my state- 
 ment. Chapters X and XI of the book were 
 of special interest to me, treating as they do 
 of this very subject of mind and spirit. Dr. 
 Headland tells of his meeting with a scientist — 
 a physiological psychologist — when their con- 
 versation turned upon the subject of education. 
 The scientist remarked that " so far as a 
 thorough education is concerned our educational 
 system (in the U. S.) is very incomplete. 
 Most of the schools," he said, " pay no attention 
 to the moral and spiritual development of the 
 students, though these, or either of them, is of 
 more importance than the education of the in- 
 tellect, while both of them are totally disre- 
 garded by the schools." Dr. Headland re- 
 plied : " I have always thought of the intellec- 
 tual development as being the most important 
 of all." " So have most people," added the 
 scientist, " and that is where the trouble lies. 
 But is our relation to things as important as 
 our relation to our fellow-men? . . . You 
 know of young men who spend four years of 
 study in the university trying to understand 
 and be able to manipulate the laws of electricity 
 and become electrical engineers. But did you 
 ever hear of a man going into college and spend- 
 
64 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 ing four years in an effort to understand and 
 be able to operate the moral laws? What we 
 want as a result of our college work is a greater 
 number of moral engineers! Our moral na- 
 ture is higher than our intellectual nature, and 
 more difficult to develop; and hence we have 
 scarcely begun upon it, not to say anything of 
 our spiritual nature." 
 
 I will quote further from the remarks of this 
 scientist, because he seems to be so near the 
 truth as to the constitution of human nature. 
 " In my judgment," he went on to say, " we 
 are a race of reasoning or thinking monstrosi- 
 ties, and of moral and spiritual pigmies. We 
 think, think, think ; there is no problem too 
 big for us to undertake. We are ready to 
 spend our lives boring down to a last little 
 analysis of some problem in chemistry or 
 physics, or rooting out some new element, or 
 ferreting out some new power of nature; but 
 how much of the time spent in our education 
 is put on the development of a conscience that 
 is sensitive to the slightest variation from the 
 laws of rectitude and the rules of honesty? If 
 there were as much time and effort spent on 
 the development of a sensitive conscience as 
 there is on the manufacture of a sensitive ther- 
 mometer, the world would be better than it is 
 to-day. Who by searching, thinking, reason- 
 ing, can find out God? Spiritual problems 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 65 
 
 must be solved by spiritual faculties. No man 
 could solve a problem in Euclid by faith. Nor 
 could anyone solve a spiritual problem by rea- 
 son. Reason links the thinking man with 
 things. Conscience links the moral man with 
 his fellow-men. Faith links the religious man 
 with God." 
 
 " According to this, then," said Dr. Head- 
 land, " we are only one-third developed." 
 
 " Quite right," replied the scientist, " and 
 that the lowest third." 
 
 Dr. Headland was so far profited by this con- 
 versation that when he afterwards visited one 
 of our state universities and was conversing 
 with one of the leading professors, he had an 
 opportunity, which he embraced, of opening 
 the eyes of the professor to the fact that the 
 so-called education of the day is exceedingly 
 defective and imperfect. 
 
 This talk of Dr. Headland and the scientist 
 reminds me of the fact that Bergson, the 
 French idol of the day, has in some way dis- 
 covered the same truth about the human mind. 
 Mr. Joseph McCabe, the English rationalist, 
 in criticizing Bergson in the Literary Guide 
 (London), says: "The original and pro- 
 foundly revolutionary feature of the new 
 thinkers' campaign is that, from Plato to 
 Bradley and Bosanquet, all the philosophers of 
 all ages have been using an instrument of 
 
66 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 thought that was never intended for the use of 
 philosophers at all, but of engineers and such 
 lower folk. In a word, he says that reason, in- 
 tellect, or logic is the wrong spiritual eye to 
 use in the search for truth. Its proper object 
 is material reality ; its distinctive quality is that 
 it is essentially superficial; its proper purpose 
 is to be used in practical matters, like making 
 bridges. 
 
 " In this fundamental and most prominent 
 feature of the Bergsonian creed, which is at- 
 tracting attention the world over, we have a 
 revolution in philosophy quite parallel to the 
 French Revolution in politics. He says flatly, 
 repeatedly, emphatically, that intellect is essen- 
 tially superficial, not profound ; is fitted only to 
 deal with practical, not speculative matters, and 
 must be discarded in the investigation of such 
 subjects as the nature, origin, and destiny of 
 the human mind. This is not a deduction from 
 Bergsonism, but the essence and first message 
 of it." 
 
 This admission on the part of a philosopher 
 and a scientist that reason is wholly inadequate 
 to deal with spiritual things will be of great 
 use to the friends of revealed religion if they are 
 wide enough awake to make use of it. 
 
 So that there is in human nature a spiritual 
 as well as an intellectual part, and the intellect, 
 while indispensable in all human affairs, is not 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 67 
 
 so great and grand as the spirit which links 
 man with God and eternity. 
 
 To educate youth in state universities and 
 in the public schools of some of our cities with- 
 out any reference to the living God, or to the 
 Lord Jesus Christ, or to the Book of books, is 
 to mislead and defraud them: it is to rob them 
 of the grandest inheritance God ever prepared 
 for and set before the youth of any nation — 
 I refer to the unlimited resources of our vast 
 and beautiful country and to the religion re- 
 vealed in the Bible — a religion which gave us 
 our free institutions, and which is the only 
 guarantee we have for their stability and per- 
 manence. If we become a more truly Chris- 
 tian people, the ever-increasing wealth of the 
 country will be a blessing. If we continue to 
 deteriorate religiously and morally as we have 
 been doing, our wealth will, according to the 
 teachings of history and the Scriptures, prove 
 an awful curse, and will surely cause the down- 
 fall of the Republic. 
 
 Both church and state are suffering. Our 
 greatest troubles and perils, in our churches 
 and in our public affairs, are owing to the fact 
 that our young people, the great mass of them, 
 are passing through their educational period 
 without receiving any true education, and are 
 going out into life wholly unprepared for what 
 is before them. Need we be surprised that 
 
68 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 when the spiritual is ignored and the merely 
 mental is emphasized and extolled in schools and 
 colleges, young people are issuing from them, 
 each year, who depend upon their wits for a 
 living and for their happiness ; and who, when 
 disappointment and trouble come to them in 
 some wholly unexpected form, have no strength 
 of character, no fear of God, no Christian faith 
 to sustain them, but are ready at once, like 
 poor, ignorant, reckless fools as they are, to 
 resort to suicide? 
 
 Nowadays a young fellow who cannot get the 
 girl whom he fancies for his wife, or who is 
 tired of the frivolous creature whom he has 
 married, takes a revolver and murders her, and 
 then turns and kills himself. No one need be 
 surprised that this is becoming almost a daily 
 occurrence. For such a youth has no proper 
 conception of who or what God is, or of who or 
 what the Lord Jesus Christ was and why he 
 came into our world, or of what it is to rush 
 by self-murder into the presence of God and 
 into the scenes and realities of the eternal 
 world. Who are most to be blamed for this 
 shocking state of things — the ignorant and 
 reckless youth, or the parents and the teachers 
 who permitted him to grow up without any 
 knowledge of what true religion is, and of the 
 morality which is based upon religious faith, 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 69 
 
 and of the tremendous realities of a future life 
 and judgment? 
 
 Ought we to be surprised that young men 
 are issuing in great numbers from state uni- 
 versities and professional schools in which our 
 Lord and the spiritual side of human nature 
 are ignored, who soon show that when the mental 
 side only has been developed and trained, the 
 result is, in so many cases, an educated selfish- 
 ness and an expert rascality? 
 
 How frequently is the remark heard : " The 
 man is smart enough, but he has no heart ; " 
 or, " He is very sharp, but he is of a low, mean 
 spirit ; " or, " The man's intellect is as sharp 
 and keen as a razor, but his character is bad." 
 Ah! my dear reader, a great heart, a noble 
 spirit, a pure and well-rounded character — 
 this, which is the result of developing and cul- 
 tivating the spiritual in man, is far, far better 
 and infinitely more to be desired than a bright, 
 keen intellect without the pure heart, the noble 
 spirit, the Christian character. 
 
 Does some one ask, " Is it not the function 
 of the church and of the Bible School to attend 
 to the spiritual interests of the people? " 
 Yes, it is ; but not theirs alone. Alas ! alas ! 
 what can the perfunctory and lifeless preach- 
 ing which is so often heard, and the half-hour 
 or three-quarters of an hour once in a week 
 
70 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 spent in going over a Bible lesson, often unin- 
 telligently — what can this effect as an offset 
 to the powerful and controlling influence of 
 five or six days in the week spent in the earnest 
 study of books, and in listening to accomplished 
 and admired teachers that have nothing what- 
 ever to say about the most interesting and im- 
 portant things of life? 
 
 The rationalism prevailing in our " great " 
 universities is one of our greatest perils. From 
 the universities it passes into the theological 
 seminaries. There it corrupts theology, and 
 weakens and disables those who are going out 
 to be ministers. It infects and taints our cur- 
 rent literature. It has nearly destroyed poetry. 
 Fiction has nearly exhausted its resources. It 
 threatens to destroy the sweetness, the charm, 
 the romance of life. The great city dailies, 
 which are read everywhere, are nearly all in- 
 fected and permeated by it, so far as their edi- 
 torials are concerned. The magazines all seem 
 to welcome it. In all these ways the dry rot 
 of rationalism is endeavoring to eat the life out 
 of the church of the living God. If the truth 
 revealed in Scripture were not divinely guarded 
 and preserved, it would have disappeared long 
 ere this, so many are its enemies. Rationalists 
 regard it as " foolishness " ; they absolutely hate 
 it. Rationalism is not only corrupting and 
 disabling the church, but it is thereby under- 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 71 
 
 mining our free institutions. The " thinkers " 
 who are hard at work in ethics and sociology 
 are always talking of the serious problems which 
 confront them. We are tired of hearing about 
 their " problems." We look for problems in 
 mathematics, but there ought not to be any 
 in social science. Accept the truth God has 
 given in the Bible, follow the directions given — 
 or rather obey the orders of Him who made 
 us all — and problems will disappear. There 
 is a true philosophy, a true psychology, a true 
 ethics, and a true sociology. Each true science 
 comes from the exercise of human reason in 
 reverent submission to the revealed will of God. 
 He has made known the general principles on 
 which we are to act in society and under gov- 
 ernment. Obedience to his will, as made known 
 to all men, will guide us in the way of wisdom 
 and safety, and protect us all from error and 
 confusion. Truth is simple, and easily appre- 
 hended by any earnest student. But all this 
 confused and conflicting ratiocination, carried 
 on apart from any standard of truth and right- 
 eousness, is misleading and harmful. It is mere 
 mind-stuff, and bears about the same relation 
 to the truth revealed that moonshine does to 
 the noonday effulgence of the sun. No wonder 
 that the student is perplexed, bewildered, and 
 misled. He is often tormented in trying to 
 understand the books to which he is referred, 
 
72 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 and life becomes a weariness to him. I have 
 heard it said that Dr. McCosh, the Christian 
 philosopher of Princeton, was one day reading 
 Hegel. He became impatient, and angrily 
 threw the volume across the room, exclaiming: 
 " I do not understand him, and I don't believe 
 he understood himself." How often the in- 
 genuous student, thirsting for knowledge, might 
 say the same thing of the book he has been ad- 
 vised to read. He would be wise if he followed 
 the example of Dr. McCosh, and threw the 
 book aside in disgust. 
 
 The study and apprehension of truth; the 
 learning how to harmonize the discoveries of 
 science with the statements of Scripture; the 
 wonder and delight of making new discoveries, 
 of having ever enlarging views, ever widening 
 areas of knowledge — this ought to make a 
 student's life an unceasing and ever-increasing 
 pleasure and joy. But between wrong ideals 
 and wrong methods how few students find this 
 enjoyment. Some of them try to find pleasure 
 and joy in forbidden paths. Of course that 
 soon makes life worse to them than it was be- 
 fore. 
 
 I have been looking through the last annual 
 catalogues of the richly-endowed and largely- 
 attended universities of our country. They 
 all have a long story to tell of the wonderful 
 variety of studies, the endless list of 'ologies 
 
THE TRUE PSYCHOLOGY 73 
 
 of which the prospective student may acquire 
 a knowledge by coming to them. But I did 
 not find one that, from cover to cover, recog- 
 nized even the existence of the living God, or 
 had a word to say about Jesus Christ, the Great 
 Master, the Divine Teacher — I suppose they 
 are all aping Harvard, because it is the oldest 
 of them, and very rich and largely attended. 
 Dr. Berle, an eminent minister of Boston, has 
 this to say of Harvard in the Bibliotheca Sacra: 
 " Religion, forming so large a part of the life 
 of mankind, has held a very small, and in some 
 respects despicable place at Harvard, not be- 
 cause there was no religion, but because but 
 few of the commanding figures in the University 
 manifested any interest in it." 
 
 One of the greater lights of Harvard issued 
 a pronunciamento not long since for the en- 
 lightenment of the American people. It ap- 
 peared to be the climax of the wisdom he had 
 gained by a life of laborious study and reflec- 
 tion. The substance of it was that the thing 
 needed by the people of this country is to drink 
 more beer! 
 
 In the catalogue of a small college in the 
 Central West I find a statement which forms 
 a delightful contrast to the agnosticism of those 
 rich and pampered universities to which I have 
 referred. The statement is : " — College does 
 not seek to develop the mind alone, but 
 
74 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 believing that education consists of more than 
 mere intellectual training, strives to bring to 
 the highest possible state of development the 
 threefold nature of man — spirit, mind, and 
 body; and believing that spiritual interests are 
 always paramount, the institution carefully sur- 
 rounds her students with Christian influences." 
 Now I do not hesitate to declare that it is my 
 profound conviction that that little Indiana 
 College, if true to its published principles, will 
 render a greater and better service to the re- 
 public, to the church of the living God, and to 
 mankind, than all those universities put to- 
 gether, the poisonous nature of some of whose 
 teachings was exposed by Herman Bolce in the 
 Cosmopolitan Magazine. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 THE SECOND BIRTH AND THE NEW 
 LIFE 
 
 The doctrine of the New Birth is one of the 
 vital and essential truths of Christianity. It 
 was taught most clearly and emphatically by 
 our Lord himself in his conversation with 
 Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews. " Verily, 
 verily, I say unto thee, except one be born anew, 
 he cannot see the kingdom of God. . . . That 
 which is born of the flesh is flesh ; and that which 
 is born of the Spirit is spirit. Marvel not that 
 I said unto thee, Ye must be born anew." John 
 S :3, 6, 7. In the Scriptures the true Christian 
 is called a new man. The new man is put in 
 opposition to the old man; the spiritual man 
 to the natural man. We read of the first man 
 and of the second man. Paul says, " That is 
 not first which is spiritual, but that which is. 
 natural ; then that which is spiritual. The first 
 man is of the earth, earthy: the second man is 
 of heaven." John speaks of it thus : " Who- 
 soever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born 
 of God." And again, " We know that whoso- 
 
 75 
 
76 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 ever is born of God sinneth not ; but he that is 
 begotten of God keepeth himself, and that 
 wicked one toucheth him not." And again, 
 " Whatsoever is begotten of God overcometh 
 the world." In the Scriptures it is not all men 
 who are called the children of God, but only 
 those who have been begotten of God and been 
 born a second time. 
 
 When God created man, he created him in his 
 own image, after his own likeness. Now that 
 must refer to the spirit which he gave to him, 
 or breathed into him, for the human body does 
 not reflect the image of God, who is a spirit and 
 has not a body like man. Nor does the mind 
 or mere intelligence, in which the more sagacious 
 of the animals share, reflect the image and like- 
 ness of God. The mind of man reflects the 
 image of Deity very partially, if at all. We 
 cannot think of the intellect of a man being 
 like that of his Maker. The Divine Being does 
 not think or reason as a man does. In our rea- 
 soning process we proceed slowly. We have first 
 to gather our facts ; we draw our conclusions 
 afterwards. We ascend from particulars to 
 generals. We abstract some ideas. We as- 
 sociate others. We eliminate errors, if there 
 be any. And thus we endeavor to arrive at the 
 truth of a proposition. But the mental acts 
 by which we do this cannot be attributed to the 
 Infinite Intelligence which is in us and around 
 
SECOND BIRTH AND NEW LIFE 77 
 
 us, and throughout, and over, and above the 
 created universe. To the mind of God all 
 things, all truths, all events are present. All 
 of the past, all of the present, and all of the 
 future is before the mind of God at once. 
 With him there is an eternal Now. So that 
 if man was created like God, it must have 
 been in spirit. If he becomes like God again, 
 it must be in spirit. Man as a thinking, rea- 
 soning being is the creature of God, not his off- 
 spring. In the Scriptures God is called, not 
 the " Father of intellects," but the " Father of 
 spirits." It is as a spirit that the regenerated 
 man, begotten of God and born from above, be- 
 comes the child of God and grows to become 
 like him. 
 
 When our first parents sinned, they fell away 
 from God. Falling into sin they fell away from 
 holiness, peace, and happiness. In the fall the 
 spirit was that part of human nature which was 
 directly affected, for it was the connecting link 
 between God and man; and through the en- 
 trance of sin it received a terrible shock, and was 
 paralyzed. And ever since that great catas- 
 trophe, in the natural man, and that is in every 
 person born into this world except Jesus of 
 Nazareth, the spirit has been dead — dead in 
 a Scriptural sense of that word. Our Lord 
 sent a message through his servant John to the 
 church of Sardis, in which he pronounced it a 
 
78 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 dead church. But it is evident that there was 
 some life left in it. For he said, " Remember, 
 and hold fast, and repent. . . . Thou hast a 
 few names even in Sardis which have not defiled 
 their garments." So it is with the spirit in 
 man, which was deadened by the entrance of 
 sin. It was not utterly destroyed. What re- 
 mains of the spirit is called the conscience. In 
 the natural man this conscience, with the will, 
 the affections, and emotions, is what may be re- 
 garded provisionally as the spiritual part of his 
 nature. But it must not be lost sight of that 
 the Scriptures represent the natural man as 
 without the spirit, and the regenerated person 
 as possessed of the spirit. 
 
 Those who remain in their unregenerate, 
 psychical state are, in the scriptural sense, un- 
 acquainted with God. They may be very in- 
 tellectual, very moral, very esthetic, and highly 
 cultivated. But their intelligence and sensi- 
 bilities are the same in kind with those of the 
 more intelligent animals, only differing in de- 
 gree in that they are far more highly developed. 
 They are destitute of the pnewna save in the 
 rudimentary form of conscience. It is forever 
 true, as the apostle Paul emphatically declared 
 in writing to the Corinthians : " The psychical 
 man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of 
 God, for they are foolishness unto him, neither 
 
SECOND BIRTH AND NEW LIFE 79 
 
 can he know them, because they are pneumatic- 
 ally discerned." 
 
 Men who are ignorant of the true character 
 of God because they have not been renewed by 1 
 his Spirit, and have no spiritual union with 
 Christ and consequently have no adequate sym- 
 pathy with him in his stupendous work, may in 
 some instances be more acute and powerful in 
 intellect, acquainted with a larger number of 
 facts in history, science, and art ; may be more 
 refined in manners, than many — it may be, than 
 most — of the true children of God. But they 
 do not, and cannot, apprehend spiritual things ; 
 they do not — and cannot — appreciate the 
 unique and marvelous personality of Jesus 
 Christ ; they cannot be uplifted into sweet and 
 holy fellowship with saints and angels and with 
 God himself, until they have been born into the 
 spiritual realm by the effectual working of the 
 Holy Spirit. 
 
 And are there not many excellent people out 
 of the church, and out of Christ, so morally good 
 that Jesus would love them, but yet would have 
 to say to each one of them what he said to the 
 rich young man who was morally good and 
 personally lovable: " One thing thou lackest " ? 
 If all of this large class of people were in- 
 formed, clearly and tenderly, of just what they 
 lack, and why they lack it, and how they may 
 obtain it, I have not a doubt that the general 
 

 80 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 revival of religious interest for which all earn- 
 est Christians are praying would be greatly 
 hastened in its coming. 
 
 The " great salvation," purchased for us by 
 Christ upon the cross, is applied to man as a 
 guilty sinner first of all, and mainly by means 
 of the conscience. The preacher of the 
 Gospel, to do any real spiritual good to his 
 hearers, must reach their consciences. He 
 may appeal to their intelligence for a lifetime, 
 and not bring one of them to repentance and to 
 Christ. He may persuade many of them to 
 join the church. He can prove to them that 
 it will be to their advantage to be in the church. 
 But he cannot convert one of them spiritually, 
 that is, in the Bible sense, unless he can reach, 
 ^awaken, and alarm his conscience. When a 
 sinner's conscience has been awakened, quick- 
 ened, and enlightened, and he, in his distress, 
 looks to the Lord Jesus Christ as a Divine 
 Savior; when he surrenders himself unre- 
 servedly and gladly receives Christ, offering 
 himself freely to the penitent sinner — in that 
 act of the sinner, produced by the work of 
 the Spirit of God, the spirit is rehabilitated 
 within him. This change, called the new birth, 
 or the change of heart, is the one most urgent 
 need of our fallen humanity. It is the great- 
 est desideratum in human life and experience. 
 When a human spirit is, by divine grace and 
 
SECOND BIRTH AND NEW LIFE 81 
 
 by an act of the Holy Spirit, resuscitated and 
 re-established, the person thus regenerated be- 
 comes, what our first parents were before they 
 fell, a son or a daughter of the Lord Almighty. 
 The image and likeness of God which man pos- 
 sessed before the fall is restored by the new 
 birth — but not by the new birth alone, but 
 by it and the new life and growth which fol- 
 low. This grand change is not and cannot be 
 brought about by religious instruction merely, 
 or by moral training merely, or by the finest 
 educational advantages merely. The change of 
 heart is a radical one. It is a change of dis- 
 position, a change of inclination, so that to 
 choose and prefer the highest and best things 
 becomes a " second nature." To love the 
 persons and the things we did not love be- 
 fore becomes a pleasure and a joy. And 
 this wondrous change is the work of Almighty 
 God, working by his Holy Spirit upon a hu- 
 man spirit which thus far has been dormant 
 and virtually dead. As Henry Drummond, so 
 gifted both as a Christian and as a scientist, 
 said : " Spiritual life is the gift of the living 
 Spirit. The spiritual man is no mere develop- 
 ment of the natural man. He is a new crea- 
 tion from above." 
 
 When once the spirit has been enshrined in 
 the soul by an act of God, the intellectual and 
 the spiritual become interfused. Henceforth 
 
82 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 they cannot be separated. The mind is spirit- 
 ualized. Every faculty or function of it is in- 
 fluenced more or less. The person becomes 
 spiritually-minded. And there is thenceforth 
 a conflict between the merely intellectual and 
 the truly spiritual as to which shall dominate 
 the soul. Everyone who has been born anew 
 knows what that conflict is. The Christian 
 business man knows what it is. His mind or 
 intelligence says to him : "If you do so and 
 so, you will gain a great advantage over your 
 competitors, and you will make a great deal 
 of money." But a still, small voice whispers: 
 " Better not do it ; better not. You will re- 
 gret it if you do. God sees you, and will be 
 displeased with you if you yield to the tempta- 
 tion." The young man and young woman, 
 glowing with youthful life and love, know what 
 this conflict is between their intelligence and 
 their conscience, that is, their spirit, which has 
 become an active factor in their inner life. 
 The spiritual life becomes more and more dom- 
 inant just in proportion as the means of grace 
 and of growth in a pure and holy life are 
 faithfully used. 
 
 So, you see, Christianity is a spiritual re- 
 ligion. That unique and wonderful Book in 
 which we find our religion, reveals a spiritual 
 world. It is a realm more grand and sublime 
 than this in which we are living. It is full 
 
SECOND BIRTH AND NEW LIFE 88 
 
 of wonders and delights. It is more satisfy- 
 ing and inspiring, and will — unlike the pres- 
 ent shifting, changeful and passing world — 
 be abiding and permanent. That Book makes 
 known the way by which one is introduced 
 into that realm. It is by being born anew. 
 The spiritual truth contained in the Bible is 
 the means employed by the Holy Spirit in 
 regenerating us and so causing us to enter 
 upon the spiritual life. The Bible describes 
 the way of living by which we may be prepared 
 to dwell blissfully in that realm forever. 
 The study of the Book endows us with spiritual 
 discernment. It teaches us how to live in the 
 Spirit. It qualifies us for worshiping God 
 in spirit and in truth. It qualifies us for liv- 
 ing the happiest and most useful life in this 
 world, and it sooner or later brings faithful 
 Christians to dwell among the " spirits of just 
 men made perfect." 
 
 Our religion is preeminently a spiritual one, 
 because we live under the dispensation of the 
 Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is the efficient 
 agent in carrying out the great redemptive 
 work of the Son of God. All life begins with 
 birth: natural life with a natural birth: spirit- 
 ual life with a spiritual birth. By the first 
 birth we are children of Adam; by the second 
 birth we are children of God. The church, 
 with its ordinances, has been established and 
 
84 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 preserved by the Lord for the culture of the 
 new life. New hopes, new affections, new 
 joys, spring up. In a scriptural sense " old 
 things pass away and all things become new." 
 There is an expulsive power in the new affec- 
 tion for Christ which fills and warms the heart. 
 And there is a mighty uplifting force in the 
 new motives which stir the soul and rouse the 
 believer to action. The child of God loves God 
 and whatever God loves, and hates whatever 
 God hates. He loves his word, his day, his 
 house, his worship, his people. He hates 
 sin, and he hates error which leads to sin. The 
 extension over the earth of the kingdom of 
 Christ, which is a kingdom of righteousness, 
 peace and love, depends on the special pres- 
 ence and effectual working of the Holy Spirit, 
 and the spiritual attainments and active ef- 
 forts of believers in Jesus. There has been, 
 from an early period, a large section of the 
 church which has been content with outward 
 ceremonies and priestly performances. At 
 the present time there is a tendency, even in 
 Protestant churches, to introduce something to 
 please the eye and tickle the senses ; something 
 to draw and entertain audiences; something to 
 fill vacant souls with pleasurable sensations. 
 Sensational programs are announced — with 
 pulpit oratory, operatic music, and the like. 
 This is far from a wholesome tendency. Spec- 
 
SECOND BIRTH AND NEW LIFE 85 
 
 tacular religion is not the genuine article. 
 " The Kingdom of God is not meat and drink, 
 but righteousness, and peace, and joy in the 
 Holy Spirit." 
 
 Does the reader ask : " How is this great- 
 est blessing in life, this change of heart, this 
 resuscitation of the spirit, to be obtained?" 
 The Bible makes known very clearly when and 
 how the change ordinarily occurs. For ex- 
 ample, in John 1 :13 we are told that it is in 
 the act of receiving Christ as our Divine Re- 
 deemer and gracious Lord and Master that one 
 is born anew and becomes a child of God. We 
 are there told that as many as receive Christ, 
 even to them that believe on his name, is the 
 privilege given to become the children of God, 
 who are born, not of blood, nor of the flesh, 
 nor of the will of man, but of God. It is in 
 the act of breaking away from the world and 
 sin, and surrendering one's self wholly to Christ 
 as the only Savior, that one is regenerated. 
 As the inspired Paul said in writing to the 
 Galatians : " Ye are all children of God 
 through faith in Christ Jesus," and as the in- 
 spired John said in his first epistle : " Who- 
 soever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born 
 of God." 
 
 Or is the question : " How am I to know 
 whether I have been born again or not? " The 
 answer is, in the words of the Master himself: 
 
86 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 " By their fruits ye shall know them." What 
 are these fruits? The Apostle Paul in 
 Galatians 5 :22, says : " The fruit of the 
 Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kind- 
 ness, goodness, faith, meekness, self-control.'* 
 If you are daily watching yourself, and with 
 earnest prayer and diligent effort endeavoring 
 to exhibit all these various Christ-like qualities, 
 you have experienced the second birth, and are 
 living the new life. " They that are Christ's 
 have crucified the flesh with the affections and 
 lusts. If we live in the Spirit, letus also walk 
 in the Spirit." " For he that soweth to his 
 flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he 
 that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit 
 reap eternal life. And let us not be weary in 
 well-doing, for in due season we shall reap if 
 we faint not. As we have therefore oppor- 
 tunity, let us do good unto all, especially unto 
 them who are of the household of faith." 
 
 It is interesting and important to notice that 
 what we call character is inseparably con- 
 nected with what I have been speaking of — 
 the spirit of man. When we speak of a man 
 as having a pure and noble spirit, we mean also 
 that he possesses a pure and noble character. 
 As there is a great deal said nowadays, both 
 in preaching and in books and papers, about 
 character and the superiority of character to 
 everything else that a man can possess, and 
 
SECOND BIRTH AND NEW LIFE 87 
 
 about the importance of each one building up 
 a good character, let it be remembered that 
 this can best be done by obeying the Gospel, 
 accepting Christ, receiving the second birth, 
 and then living the new life. This is the only 
 infallible way of building up a pure and noble 
 character. I do not mean that joining the 
 church will insure such a character, nor that 
 striving to secure a good reputation by imitat- 
 ing good people, who are lauded to the skies 
 and held up as examples, will do so, but that if 
 you intelligently accept Christ and strive to 
 build up a noble character, with the help of the 
 Holy Spirit you will assuredly succeed. Many 
 have the reputation of possessing a good char- 
 acter, and it is an advantage to themselves and 
 to society that it is good. But if they are 
 not in Christ, and their life hid with him in 
 God, their character is ethical, not spiritual. 
 It has been acquired by imitation and not by 
 regeneration. 
 
 Such is the state of things in many churches, 
 and in business circles, in politics, and in " so- 
 ciety," as to create a loud cry for the forma- 
 tion of character in our young people. That 
 is as it should be. But the only character that 
 can stand every test and that will command 
 the admiration and confidence of heaven and 
 earth, comes through the work of the Divine 
 Spirit upon the human spirit, leading to the 
 culture of a pure and holy life. 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 THE HOLY SPIRIT OF PROMISE 
 
 The ascension of our Lord is marked in Holy 
 Writ as an epoch, as the beginning of a new 
 period in the history of the enlightenment of 
 men by the Spirit of God. It introduced 
 " the dispensation of the Spirit." The intro- 
 duction of the Gospel or spiritual dispensation 
 on the Day of Pentecost; the effects of the 
 Spirit's special presence and operations; and 
 the divine promises concerning the Holy Spirit, 
 constitute a prominent and characteristic fea- 
 ture of the New Testament. Prophets had 
 long before uttered many predictions concern- 
 ing the special presence and operations of the 
 Spirit in later times, in consequence of which 
 knowledge of the truth, righteousness and holi- 
 ness, justice, peace, and consolation were to 
 be diffused abroad throughout the world. 
 Our Lord ordained that every Christian should 
 be baptized into the name of the Holy Spirit as 
 well as of the Father and of the Son. He thus 
 indicated that in the new dispensation there 
 
 would be a personal and intimate connection be- 
 
 88 
 
THE HOLY SPIRIT OF PROMISE 89 
 
 tween every believer and the Holy Spirit ; and in 
 those beautiful and tender discourses of the 
 last night our Savior spent with his disciples 
 the internal nature of the Spirit's work under 
 the Gospel, and the promise that he would be 
 sent to take the place of their absent Master, 
 to be their teacher and helper, were fully de- 
 clared. The different relation of the Holy 
 Spirit to believers under the old dispensation 
 and the new was set forth by the apostle Paul 
 under the images of a master's relation to his 
 servant, and of a father's relation to his son, 
 so much closer and more intimate was to be 
 the union, so much higher and more favored the 
 position of a believer in the later stages of the 
 history of redemption than in the earlier. 
 
 Now it is a truth of exceeding interest and 
 of the greatest practical importance that a 
 person may be a believer in Christ, may have 
 been truly regenerated, and yet he may not 
 have received the influence and power of the 
 Holy Spirit as promised in the Scriptures. 
 Of course the common influences of the Spirit 
 are with all men. Certainly none are recon- 
 ciled to God and united to Christ but by the 
 special work of the Spirit upon them. And 
 yet a regenerated person may not have re- 
 ceived the influence of the Spirit in that meas- 
 ure, to that degree, or with that power, prom- 
 ised in the Word. The great promise of the 
 
90 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 New Testament is that the Holy Spirit would 
 be given to believers in Jesus, — that is, as we 
 are taught in the eleventh chapter of Luke, to 
 those persons who ask, and seek, and knock; 
 who are in real earnest to obtain the great 
 blessing. Paul called him " The Holy Spirit 
 of Promise." Dear reader, it is one thing to 
 be convicted of sin and guilt, and to feel one's 
 need of a Savior. It is another thing to 
 realize our need of the Holy Spirit, that he 
 may enlighten our mind in the knowledge of 
 the truth; to purify our heart by dwelling in 
 it; invigorate our weak purpose and feeble 
 will ; sweeten our disposition ; and energize our 
 character. Is it not rather a common oc- 
 currence for persons to rest satisfied when they 
 have obtained peace of mind through faith 
 and hope in Christ? There many seem to 
 stop. They do not manifest the same anxiety 
 to obtain what Paul calls " the fulness of the 
 blessing of the Gospel of Christ," which comes 
 from the Holy Spirit, that they did to obtain 
 an interest and a hope in Christ. The impor- 
 tant truth for us to notice, then, is that each 
 one of us needs the Holy Spirit just as dis- 
 tinctly and just as much as he needs Christ. 
 We need the Spirit, and more and more of the 
 Spirit's influence, that we may grow in grace, 
 that we may have more spiritual life, that we 
 may understand the Scriptures, and that we 
 
THE HOLY SPIRIT OF PROMISE 91 
 
 may become stronger and stronger to do, to 
 dare, and to endure. One may be resting on 
 Christ, and yet be a weak, idle, and fruitless 
 Christian. Yes, one may have a well-founded 
 hope, and yet be greatly troubled by doubts 
 and unbelief, by melancholy feelings and 
 gloomy forebodings. One may have religion, 
 but not enough of it to make him comfortable, 
 happy, and useful. But, oh! it is quite an- 
 other thing to be walking in the light of God, 
 to be of a cheerful spirit and always rejoic- 
 ing in the Lord, to be strong, and brave, and 
 active, and useful, and happy — and that 
 comes by seeking and obtaining more and 
 more of the Holy Spirit of Christ. 
 
 There are illustrations of this truth in the 
 New Testament. The case of the apostles and 
 other disciples who followed Jesus while he was 
 yet on earth is one. They were sincere Chris- 
 tians, and yet they did not receive the Holy 
 Spirit as promised until after the ascension 
 of their Lord. 
 
 In Acts 8:12-17 is another instance. When 
 the people of the city of Samaria heard Philip 
 preaching Christ unto them, they believed and 
 were baptized, both men and women. " Now 
 when the apostles who were at Jerusalem heard 
 that Samaria had received the word of God, 
 they sent unto them Peter and John, who, when 
 they were come down, prayed for them that they 
 
92 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 might receive the Holy Spirit (for as yet 
 he was fallen on none of them: only they were 
 baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus)." 
 That was because they believed in Christ as 
 their Savior: but they needed something more. 
 In Acts 19: 1-7 we read that Paul, coming to 
 Ephesus, became acquainted there with about 
 twelve disciples. He was in their company and 
 observed something in their conversation or 
 conduct which led him to think that they had 
 not yet received the Holy Spirit as promised. 
 He asked them, " Have ye received the Holy 
 Spirit since ye believed?" The reply was: 
 " We have not so much as heard whether there 
 be any Holy Spirit." The apostle then gave 
 them the instruction suited to their case ; they 
 were baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus, 
 and when Paul had laid his hands on them, 
 they received the Holy Spirit. 
 
 There are believing souls in the churches who 
 are in doubt about themselves, and often in 
 darkness and distress. Why is it so? Is it 
 not because they have never received the Holy 
 Spirit as promised since they believed? They 
 have not received any special divine anointing. 
 They have not been endued with power from on 
 high. They have not been baptized with the 
 Holy Spirit and with fire. And there are many 
 church-members who may be sincere believers, 
 who are yet cold in heart, worldly-minded, and 
 
THE HOLY SPIRIT OF PROMISE 93 
 
 indisposed to attend to religious duties. This 
 is to be accounted for by the fact that they 
 have not apprehended the teaching of Scripture 
 concerning the Holy Spirit. They have not 
 realized their need of the Spirit. They think 
 that they did all they could do when they gave 
 themselves to Christ. They have neither de- 
 sired nor prayed for nor received the Holy 
 Spirit since they came to Jesus. They are 
 not yet blessed as were those members of the 
 church of Ephesus to whom Paul wrote an 
 epistle in which, speaking of Christ, he said: 
 " In whom also after that ye believed ye were 
 sealed with that Holy Spirit of promise." 
 
 Every powerful revival of religion affords 
 illustrations of this truth. At such a time 
 many a believer has become sensible of the fact 
 that he lacks something, some divine gift, some 
 spiritual power, which he sees to be working 
 in others around him. And so he has been led 
 to pray earnestly and perseveringly for a 
 heavenly baptism, a divine anointing, for him- 
 self. Have we not all seen instances of the 
 wonderful and pleasing change which comes 
 over a man, when, from being merely a believer 
 in Christ, merely a worshiper of God, he is 
 baptized with the Holy Spirit and with the 
 celestial fire of Christian love and zeal? I 
 knew a young man, the father of a little family, 
 who had been a church-member for some years, 
 
94 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 and was an upright and blameless man morally. 
 But no one had ever heard his voice in prayer, 
 and I suppose that he had not thought it pos- 
 sible that he would ever lead others in prayer 
 or rise in a public assembly to speak on the 
 subject of religion. But during a revival in 
 the congregation to which he belonged he, with 
 a number of others, received the influence of 
 the Holy Spirit as they had never received it 
 before. He immediately set up a family altar 
 and sanctified his home. He began also to 
 lead publicly in prayer, and, after a time, to 
 speak and exhort others to seek the salvation 
 of their souls. It was not long till he was 
 elected an elder in the church, and then the 
 superintendent of a large and flourishing Sun- 
 day School; and I have heard that diffident 
 and timid man addressing his teachers and 
 scholars with eloquence, not that of the cul- 
 tivated orator, but with the eloquence and 
 power of a sincere Christian, of an honest and 
 earnest soul burning with love for Christ and 
 for the salvation of those whom he was address- 
 ing. The church needs a great awakening. 
 How many of God's dear children need to be 
 " filled," like Barnabas, " with the Holy Spirit 
 and with faith " before they can be truly happy 
 or greatly useful! Another Pentecost is what 
 the disciples of to-day sadly need. Blessed be 
 God, we live under the New Covenant, under 
 
THE HOLY SPIRIT OF PROMISE 95 
 
 the dispensation of the Holy Spirit. The 
 spiritual forces of Christianity are not ex- 
 hausted. Oh, no ! They have scarcely been 
 tried yet. The church of Christ has not yet 
 girded herself for the conflict, nor put on her 
 strength. The religion of rites and ceremonies 
 has been tried for more than fifteen centuries, 
 and it has been found wanting. The religion 
 of dogma, — that is, of cold assent to orthodox 
 doctrine, — has been tried for several centuries, 
 and it, too, has been found wanting. There 
 remains to be tried the religion of the Spirit. 
 It is true that this has been known, experienced, 
 and practised by individuals, here and there, 
 ever since the apostolic times. But it remains 
 now for the religion of the Spirit, which is the 
 religion of experience, the religion of love, the 
 religion of mighty power, to be experienced 
 and practised by whole churches, and, as God 
 lives, it will not be found wanting. In the 
 Lord Jesus Christ is an infinite fulness of the 
 Holy Spirit. In that divine source, that per- 
 ennial spring of life and power for the church 
 of God, are infinite and therefore inexhaustible 
 resources, — abundant, fresh, and powerful as 
 on the day of Pentecost. It is not without 
 great significance that ever since the year 1857 
 the evangelical churches throughout the world 
 have been observing, during the first full week 
 of each year, a concert of prayer for the out- 
 
96 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 pouring of the Holy Spirit. Believers begin 
 to be more and more conscious that this is the 
 one great need of a debilitated church and of 
 a spiritually dead world. Joseph Cook, who 
 had the insight which the Spirit gives, said 
 that Christian faith and practice have not yet 
 been lifted into harmony with the tone of the 
 Scriptures, and that the work most needed in 
 the church at large is to Christianize our 
 Christianity. It is greatly encouraging to 
 know that far more is made of the truth con- 
 cerning the Holy Spirit than was the case be- 
 fore the " Great Awakening " in the eighteenth 
 century, before the revival of spiritual religion, 
 and the outpouring of the missionary spirit. 
 Sad as things are yet, earnest Christians are 
 beginning to honor the Spirit, even as they 
 honor the Father and as they honor the Son. 
 
 Mr. Spurgeon, that most admirable preacher 
 of the Gospel, said : " We are not going to be 
 dragging on forever like Pharaoh with the 
 wheels off his chariot. My heart exults and my 
 eyes flash with the thought that very likely I 
 shall live to see the outpouring of the Spirit, 
 when the sons and daughters of God again 
 shall prophesy, and the young men shall see 
 visions, and the old men shall dream dreams." 
 
 Mr. Moody was a mighty force among the 
 men of the nineteenth century. Why? Was 
 it because of his extraordinary natural ability? 
 
THE HOLY SPIRIT OF PROMISE 97 
 
 I think not. I believe there are many men 
 standing in metropolitan pulpits, and address- 
 ing large congregations every Sabbath, who 
 possess finer natural gifts than Mr. Moody, 
 who yet do not stir the souls of men as he did. 
 Was it because of his fine education? Cer- 
 tainly not; for so little of the conventional 
 education had he that it is related of him that 
 when he was converted and began to labor to 
 bring others to Christ, he could not read some 
 of the verses in the New Testament without 
 stopping now and then to spell a word. No, 
 no! It was because from the day of his con- 
 version he apprehended the truth about the 
 Holy Spirit, and he endeavored in all his per- 
 sonal experience, and in all his preaching and 
 work, to honor the Spirit, and the Spirit 
 honored and blessed Mr. Moody's word and 
 work. 
 
 Believer in Jesus, consecrate yourself more 
 entirely, to your Divine Redeemer, who is your 
 Lord and King. That you may do so in 
 reality, be importunate in praying for the 
 Holy Spirit — the Spirit of light and love, the 
 Spirit of understanding and wisdom, the Spirit 
 of power — and see how life will brighten for 
 you, and how the world will be changed to the 
 opened eyes of your understanding. The 
 heavens and the earth will be filled with new 
 wonders. Life will be filled with sweet, bewil- 
 
98 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 dering mysteries, mysteries of providence, 
 grace, and love. To a soul that has been bap- 
 tized with the Holy Spirit and has had a vision 
 of the King in his beauty, all objects and all 
 creatures will seem to speak of him and to 
 praise him. 
 
 Believer in Jesus, do you sometimes feel dis- 
 couraged because of some lack of advantages 
 in your preparation for life's work, or because 
 of some defect in temper or in disposition, 
 which seems to prevent you from being the man 
 or woman you want to be? Then listen: 
 
 Just as freely as Christ is offered in the Gos- 
 pel to every unconverted soul and pressed upon 
 his immediate acceptance, so freely is the Holy 
 Spirit offered to the immediate acceptance of 
 every believing soul. Just as the air is all 
 around you and ever near you, offering itself to 
 you for inspiration as the means of preserving 
 and promoting your physical life, so the Holy 
 Spirit is ever near you, offering himself to your 
 acceptance and ready, when you are ready, — 
 when you realize your need of him, when you 
 really want him, when you are urgent and per- 
 severing, — he is ready to abide with you, to 
 fill and warm your heart, to enlighten your 
 mind, to strengthen your faculties, to sweeten 
 your disposition, to purify and energize your 
 character, to sanctify and beautify your life ; 
 yes, — to make your life and work on earth a 
 
THE HOLY SPIRIT OF PROMISE 99 
 
 wondrous poem to be read in heaven; your 
 words and deeds here to be a melody, constitut- 
 ing a sweet prelude to the glorious concert in 
 heaven. 
 
ADDENDA 
 
 If, after following the line of thought con- 
 tained in the foregoing treatise, your feeling is 
 that it is a very strange thing that Christian- 
 ity, being indeed a divine revelation, being 
 wonderfully well-suited to meet the necessities 
 of man, and being re-enforced with latent forces 
 and resources calculated to ensure its complete 
 and triumphant victory over all opposing 
 forces, has not gained such a victory long ere 
 this, I would here jot down some of the reasons 
 why it has not won the world to Christ : 
 
 1. The fact that Christians generally have 
 thus far, in their mental philosophy, ignored 
 the spirit, and made entirely too much of the 
 intellect, is sufficient of itself to account for it. 
 
 2. The fact that the great majority of 
 Christians thus far have been content to live 
 without the special help of the Holy Spirit, 
 as promised in the Scriptures, is sufficient 
 to account for it, if there were_ no other rea- 
 sons. 
 
 3. The Church of Rome was, from an early 
 
 period until the Reformation in the sixteenth 
 
 century, the representative of Christianity in 
 100 
 
ADDENDA 101 
 
 the world. It soon became corrupted, and it 
 remains to this day a corrupt and misleading 
 church because it is founded, not upon the 
 Word of God alone, but upon Holy Scripture 
 and tradition. Whatever doctrine or practice 
 is contrary to Holy Scripture, or is not sus- 
 tained by it, they defend by reference to tradi- 
 tion. This is what has corrupted it, and would 
 corrupt any church that might adopt it as a 
 fundamental principle. 
 
 4. The Reformation was a wonderful work 
 of Divine grace and power. The Protestant 
 churches started out well, being pure in doc- 
 trine and practice. But not using the truth 
 revealed concerning the Holy Spirit and his 
 place, work, and power under the Gospel, they 
 soon lapsed into a cold and formal profession 
 of orthodox doctrine, and a careless unconcern 
 about the condition and destiny of the outside 
 world. It required the " great awakening " of 
 the eighteenth century to arouse the slumber- 
 ing churches to a sense of their duty to the out- 
 side world. 
 
 5. The Church of Rome, corrupt as it is, has 
 retained some important characteristics of the 
 apostolic church, while the Protestant churches 
 have been gradually losing them: 
 
 (a) One is forbidding the marriage of a be- 
 liever and an unbeliever. This is clearly for- 
 bidden in the New Testament. Its being per- 
 
102 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 mitted is a source of corruption in the Protes- 
 tant churches. 
 
 (b) Another is claiming every child born of 
 a believing parent as a juvenile member of the 
 church, to be treated as such, and holding the 
 parent responsible for the instruction and 
 training of the child in the Christian life. 
 
 (c) The Church of Rome is not afraid to ex- 
 ercise discipline when it is needed. The Protes- 
 tant churches seem to deem it not expedient to 
 be strict in watching over their juvenile mem- 
 bers and guarding them from evil habits and 
 associations ; or to be strict in the matter of 
 exercising discipline over the older members, if 
 they be rich, or if they have a number of friends 
 in the congregation who might object to it. 
 
 (d) The Roman Church has ever been care- 
 ful not to allow non-Catholics to obtain any 
 power in the church. Protestants have not 
 been careful in this respect, and they frequently 
 give to non-members a vote in important church 
 matters, especially in the matter of calling a 
 pastor. In this way a few men, especially if 
 they are rich, may rule both pastor and con- 
 gregation. They may decide what kind of a 
 minister the church shall have. They may, in 
 many cases, decide what kind of doctrine shall 
 be preached in their pulpit. In such circum- 
 stances purity of doctrine and practice is im- 
 possible. 
 
ADDENDA 103 
 
 6. For a long time past, even in the Protes- 
 tant churches, the Christianity which has been 
 practiced and exhibited to the world has been 
 so defective as to constitute a compromise be- 
 tween what is taught in the Scriptures, and 
 pure worldliness. This has been the case par- 
 ticularly in England. Hannah More was a 
 brilliant member of the coterie which sur- 
 rounded Dr. Johnson, in London, in the latter 
 part of the eighteenth century. It consisted 
 of Garrick, Goldsmith, Burke, Lady Mon- 
 tagu, and many others. In this notable com- 
 pany Hannah More was, on account of her per- 
 sonal attractions and her talents, a great favor- 
 ite. But she came under the influence of evan- 
 gelical religion, experienced a change of heart, 
 and became, like the apostle Paul, henceforth 
 devoted to " one thing " — the service of her 
 Lord and Saviour, the salvation of those around 
 her, and the improvement of their condition. 
 The world did not cease to admire and love her ; 
 but she no longer found her " chief joy " in the 
 circle of wit and gaiety, but, on the contrary, 
 in the homes of the poor and needy, and in 
 writing to show the world the difference between 
 the popular religion and that revealed in the 
 Word of God. About the beginning of the 
 nineteenth century, William Wilberforce, an in- 
 fluential statesman and member of the ruling 
 class in Great Britain, having learned in his 
 
104 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 happy experience the world-wide difference be- 
 tween the prevailing religion and that required 
 by the Scriptures, wrote and published his 
 " Practical View of the Prevailing Religious 
 System of Professed Christians in the Higher 
 and Middle Classes, Contrasted with Real 
 Christianity." Such efforts as these, in con- 
 nection with the Wesleyan movement in Eng- 
 land and the revivals in America, produced a 
 wonderful effect, and up to the middle of the 
 last century spiritual Christianity made great 
 progress, especially in the United States, under 
 such earnest and devoted leaders as Lyman 
 Beecher, Nettleton, Payson, and Finney. But 
 for the last fifty years, while the external activi- 
 ties induced by such influences have continued, 
 there has been a steady decline in deep-seated 
 personal experience and piety. The main 
 cause of this has been given in the foregoing 
 treatise. 
 
 7. The church has been waking up in one 
 respect. Christians have begun to feel and to 
 manifest a deep interest in the lamentable con- 
 dition of their fellowmen, both at home and in 
 foreign lands. This is evidently not so much 
 an anxious concern about their spiritual con- 
 dition as it is a desire to give them more of the 
 blessings of this life than they now enjoy. The 
 result is that in many places a social gospel 
 has taken the place of " the glorious Gospel of 
 
ADDENDA 105 
 
 the blessed God," which is a gospel of salvation 
 for the guilty sinner who will believe on Christ 
 crucified for him and turn from sin unto holi- 
 ness, and from the power of Satan unto God. 
 Our Lord reduced the moral law to two require- 
 ments : (1) To love God with our whole heart, 
 and (£) to love our neighbors — our fellow- 
 men — as we love ourselves. The latter covers 
 the whole ground of sociology. And the Gos- 
 pel of Christ ought to be applied practically 
 to the reformation of existing conditions, so 
 far as they are bad, and the setting forth of all 
 proper methods of reforming and improving 
 those conditions, and to describing the wonder- 
 ful and blessed conditions that will exist when 
 the Gospel shall have been practically applied. 
 But this furnishes no excuse, no reason, for ig- 
 noring or withholding the grand old Gospel of 
 the grace and love of God, which calls upon 
 every individual in the world, who has not al- 
 ready done it, to believe at once on Christ and 
 to turn from sin unto holiness of life. 
 
 8. For Christianity is emasculated, and the 
 church is paralyzed, when ministers and other 
 Christians become silent on the subject of sin 
 and its awful consequences in this life and in the 
 life to come, and on the subject of the great 
 atoning sacrifice on the cross of Calvary as 
 connected with the sins and miseries of man- 
 kind. The moral law, — the law of God, — the 
 
106 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 nature and consequences of sin, the vicarious 
 atonement of Christ, — repentance : these are 
 absolutely necessary in all preaching if there is* 
 to be any proper appreciation of God's un- 
 speakable gift of his own dear Son. These 
 great fundamental truths must be the warp and 
 woof in the web of preaching or another gospel 
 is substituted for the one which was preached 
 by the apostles of Christ. 
 
 9. There is a proverbial expression, heard on 
 every side, which has a wonderful influence in 
 hindering the Gospel and in retarding the com- 
 ing of the Kingdom. It is in these words : " It 
 has always been so, and it will always be so." 
 This is as great a falsehood as the devil ever 
 invented. Our Lord was manifested that he 
 might destroy the works of the devil. The 
 teachings of Christ, if fairly presented, will 
 bring about great changes for the better in the 
 manners and customs of the people. It will 
 revolutionize society. In order to prevent this, 
 the great adversary sees to it that the people 
 are taught to dread any great changes, and to 
 fortify them in their position, he reminds them 
 continually of the old saying, " It has always 
 been so, and it will always be so." Little do 
 they realize what great and glorious changes 
 there will be as we become obedient to the re- 
 quirements of the Lord. 
 
 10. Another thing that hinders the Gospel 
 
ADDENDA 107 
 
 and retards the coming of the Kingdom is over- 
 looking the worth and dignity of the common 
 Christian. Acccording to the Scriptures, every 
 real Christian is a king and a priest. In the 
 Christian church there is no priesthood but that 
 of the saints. Every genuine Christian is a 
 saint, a priest, and a king. And every Chris- 
 tian should be a preacher of the Gospel. When 
 the church of Jerusalem was persecuted, " they 
 that were scattered abroad went everywhere 
 preaching the word." The apostles remained 
 at Jerusalem. In the course of time common 
 Christians have been taught to keep in their 
 place and ministers have been exalted into a pro- 
 fessional class. There are, however, many min- 
 isters and Christians who are conscious that 
 there is something wrong, and they say that 
 they are waiting for some great leader to ap- 
 pear and tell them what to do and to lead them 
 in the doing of it. Ah ! they overlook the fact 
 that the Lord Jesus is the Captain of our sal- 
 vation ; that we are all soldiers in his army ; that 
 he has given us our " marching orders " ; and 
 that all we have to do is to obey, and go for- 
 ward, looking for leadership and victory to him 
 to whom has been given all authority in heaven 
 and on earth. 
 
 11. The Lord's tithe has been withheld, so 
 that the work of the church in propagating the 
 Gospel and saving the people has been hindered 
 
108 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 for lack of means wherewith to carry on the 
 work. We know that under the Gospel we need 
 not look for a specific law or command for 
 everything that needs to be done. Ours is a 
 religion of love, and love does not wait for com- 
 mands, does not expect them. We are to 
 " search the Scriptures " to ascertain the 
 "mind of the Lord," or the "will of God." 
 In searching them to ascertain his will con- 
 cerning the duty and privilege of " giving," we 
 find that the patriarchs practiced the giving of 
 the tenth to the Lord ; that God made it one of 
 the laws binding upon the Israelites; that our 
 Savior spoke approvingly of it ; and that if we 
 Christians are not willing to give the tenth of 
 our income, we are robbing God of his due, and 
 shall suffer leanness and barrenness for it. We 
 modern believers ought certainly to be willing 
 to give as much to the Lord as the ancient be- 
 lievers did. 
 
 12. To the individual Christian the develop- 
 ment of the spiritual life is a great and difficult 
 work. In a very real sense it is against nature ; 
 and it requires time, earnest attention, and a 
 vast deal of prayer. A vast deal of prayer, I 
 say, because without divine guidance and help 
 it is impossible. Absorption in worldly busi- 
 ness interferes with it, — indeed renders it im- 
 possible, — so that the wisdom and goodness of 
 the Lord are manifest in his setting apart one 
 
ADDENDA 109 
 
 whole day every week on which we may give our 
 attention to this necessary and delightful work 
 of promoting our spiritual life, and of getting 
 ready for a higher, holier, and in every way 
 more satisfying and glorious life with the Lord 
 Jesus, with the redeemed, and with the angelic 
 host, in the heavenly places. 
 
 It is becoming rather common in our country 
 for the people, even for professed Christians, to 
 spend the Lord's Day, which is the Christian 
 Sabbath, in riding out for pleasure, in visiting 
 friends, in traveling, and the like. The study 
 of the Scriptures and worship in the house of 
 God are neglected. If reminded of their duty, 
 these people say, " Why, what harm is there in 
 what we are doing? Is there any sin in our 
 seeking a little change and recreation on the 
 only day when the family are all at leisure? " 
 Well, the harm of it is that the families that 
 spend the Sabbath in this way are neglecting 
 the most important thing in life — the culture 
 of the spiritual part of their nature. And the 
 sin of it is that they are disregarding the com- 
 mand of God, which is, " Remember the Sabbath 
 Day to keep it holy." 
 
 13. Another reason why Christianity has not 
 prevailed sooner is that Christians have not 
 given earnest heed to what the Scriptures say 
 concerning the conversion of the Jews, and be- 
 cause they are making so little effort to bring 
 
110 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 them to Christ. See in Romans 9, 10 and 11 
 how deeply interested in this matter Paul was, 
 and how earnestly he desired the conversion of 
 his countrymen : " God hath not cast away his 
 people whom he foreknew." " Through their 
 fall salvation is come unto the Gentiles." " If 
 the fall of them be the riches of the world, and 
 the diminishing of them the riches of the Gen- 
 tiles ; how much more their fulness ! " " If the 
 casting away of them be the reconciling of the 
 world, what shall the receiving of them be, but 
 life from the dead? " " And they also, if they 
 abide not still in unbelief, shall be graffed in: 
 for God is able to graff them in again." " How 
 much more shall these which be the natural 
 branches be graffed into their own olive tree ! " 
 There are many prophecies in Scripture con- 
 cerning the return of the Jews to their own land, 
 to the beauty, sacredness, and importance of 
 Jerusalem, etc. Some of these predictions have 
 reference to their return from the Babylonian 
 captivity; others to their return to their own 
 land from their world-wide dispersion, and to 
 their acceptance of the Lord Jesus as their 
 promised Messiah and Savior. As he is to re- 
 turn to the earth " in like manner as he went," 
 why may we not expect him to come to Mount 
 Olivet, in the immediate neighborhood of Jeru- 
 salem, and establish his earthly throne in the 
 City of the Great King? But for that magnifi- 
 
ADDENDA 111 
 
 cent outcome of events the " way of the Lord " 
 must be " prepared " by the removal of ob- 
 stacles which are now in the way. Our cities 
 must be cleaned up, our civilization Christian- 
 ized, and the Jews, with their strong religious 
 instinct and their great wealth, must be con- 
 verted to the faith of Jesus Christ. 
 
 It was Kant, I believe, who first used the 
 phrase " regulative truths." It is a very sig- 
 nificant and helpful expression. In nature the 
 centrifugal and centripetal forces regulate each 
 other. In life individualism is regulated by so- 
 cialism. In theology Calvinism needs to be 
 regulated by Arminianism. In man, mind and 
 spirit are regulative of each other. He who 
 depends upon his mind or reason alone, without 
 reference to spirit, will make a wreck of him- 
 self religiously. And he who is controlled by 
 spirit alone, without reference to reason, is a re- 
 ligious fanatic. Each is lacking in the proper 
 balance. A striking instance of mutual regula- 
 tion is found in the incessant conflict between 
 the progressive and the conservative parties in 
 countries favored with popular government. 
 All that is true, good, and desirable ought to be 
 conserved ; all that is erroneous, evil, and unde- 
 sirable ought to pass away. Progressives are 
 wrong in their proneness to uproot and destroy 
 
112 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 what is true, good, and desirable. Conserva- 
 tives are wrong in endeavoring to preserve what 
 is erroneous, evil, and undesirable. Conserva- 
 tism must be progressive. Progress must be 
 conservative. Two distinct and rival parties, 
 kept up perpetually, are not necessary. They 
 are harmful. They are no more necessary in 
 the state than Calvinistic andLArminian parties 
 and contentions are necessary in the church. 
 
 It was the bringing forth out of the Word of 
 God of the old neglected truth, " Ye must be 
 born again. . . . Except a man be born again, 
 he cannot enter the Kingdom of God," that pro- 
 duced the " great awakening " of the eighteenth 
 century and ushered in the evangelistic fervor 
 and missionary activity of modern times. And 
 do not the churches need an " awakening " now 
 as much as they did in the time of Edwards, 
 Wesley, and Whitefield ? Verily they do ; for in 
 the days of Darwinian evolution there was a 
 great falling away from the Christian faith, 
 from which men have not fully recovered. For 
 while most of the leading scientists have re- 
 turned to terra firma, and now admit the neces- 
 sary existence of the supernatural or spiritual, 
 there are multitudes of careless and superficial 
 readers and thinkers, who are still at sea and in 
 distressing doubt about the Holy Scriptures 
 and the Lord Jesus Christ. 
 
ADDENDA 113 
 
 This, therefore, is the psychological moment 
 for ministers of the Word and Christian work- 
 ers everywhere to bring forward the doctrine 
 and work of the Holy Spirit and to let the peo- 
 ple hear continually of the Second Birth as the 
 most urgent need of every human being who has 
 not experienced it. The Great Teacher of man- 
 kind said : " Ye must be born anew." " Mar- 
 vel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born 
 anew." " Except a man be born anew, he can- 
 not enter the Kingdom of God." 
 
 The truth concerning the Holy Spirit and the 
 Second Birth is all-important, if we are to have 
 a general revival of religious interest. And 
 what intelligent person can say one word against 
 this revival? For what does it mean but more 
 of the presence of the Holy Spirit, and a great 
 increase of faith and love, of purity and zeal, 
 of courage and power, of happiness and joy, on 
 earth and in heaven? For do not the angels re- 
 joice over every sinner that repents and turns 
 to the Lord? 
 
 And is not a world-wide revival absolutely 
 necessary under existing circumstances? So- 
 cialism in some form or other seems to be com- 
 ing rapidly in Europe and America, in fact in 
 all the civilized world. What kind of socialism 
 will it be? If things remain as they are in the 
 churches, it will in all probability be a wild, in- 
 fidel socialism, mixed with communism and an- 
 
114 MIND AND SPIRIT 
 
 archy; and be revolutionary and bloody in 
 character; and if fully established, our last 
 state will be worse than our first. Individual 
 liberty will be at an end. But let there be 
 throughout the world a general revival of re- 
 ligion, — of faith in God and in his Christ, — a 
 revival of paramount anxiety about spiritual 
 and eternal realities, and let there be such a gen- 
 eral reformation in morals and manners as has 
 always followed a true revival, and the coming 
 socialism will be sane, conservative, and Chris- 
 tian. It will only be a further development of 
 Christian democracy. It will be a government 
 of the people, by the people, and for the people. 
 It will be a wonderful improvement on the ex- 
 isting order of things, and a nearer approach 
 to the prevalence on earth of the kingdom of 
 heaven. 
 
 Truth is mighty and will prevail. For " the 
 word of the Lord endureth forever." " Jesus 
 Christ is the same yesterday, to-day, and for- 
 ever." And " he that soweth to the Spirit shall 
 of the Spirit reap life everlasting." Let us, 
 therefore, " rejoice in the Lord always "; and 
 " whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things 
 are honorable, whatsoever things are just, what- 
 soever things are pure, whatsoever things are 
 lovely, whatsoever things are of good report ; if 
 there be any virtue, and if there be anything 
 
ADDENDA 115 
 
 worthy of praise," let us " think on these 
 things," make them our own, and help to diffuse 
 them throughout the world. 
 
 When I consider the bewilderment of man- 
 kind, the endless vagaries of human opinion, the 
 discordant voices, the interminable disputes, the 
 despairing cry for " more light," the unfinished 
 tasks, the disappointed hopes, the miserable life- 
 failures — and then think that these things 
 ought not to be, and need not be, under Christ ; 
 that all this time we have among us a Book 
 which contains a revelation of truth, grace, and 
 love which, when studied carefully and prayer- 
 fully and with the Holy Spirit for our guide, is 
 full of a wonderful light, flashes conviction upon 
 the sincere seeker after the truth, illuminates 
 the world, brings heaven nearer, glorifies God, 
 and through a once-suffering and now interced- 
 ing Christ and a healing and restoring Spirit, 
 uplifts and glorifies man, I cannot but congratu- 
 late my reader, who has emerged from the dark- 
 ness of nature into the marvellous light of the 
 truth as it is in Jesus, and repeat the words, O 
 believer in Jesus, " rejoice in the Lord always: 
 and again, I say, rejoice." But while rejoic- 
 ing in what the Blessed Lord has done for you, 
 see that you long and labor to give the same 
 light, liberty, and joy to others also. 
 
Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. 
 Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide 
 Treatment Date: April 2005 
 
 PreservationTechnologies 
 
 EWORLD LEADER .N PAPER PRESERVAT.ON 
 
 111 Thomson Park Drive 
 Cranberry Township, PA 16066 
 (724)779-2111 
 
r?K 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 013 919 619 3 
 
 
 k '■•'■■' ^ 
 
 n 
 
 ■HP 
 
 H 
 
 HvM 
 
 sg \ 
 
 iMlil