ADVERTISMENTS. 224 S. NINTH ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA . Manufacturers of the Celebrated "ACME TRUSS," Patented. AND EVERY DESCRIPTION AND STYLE OF TRUSS, INCLUDING HARD RUBBER. SHOULDER BRACES. UTERO-ABDOMINAL SUPPORTERS, ELASTIC BELTS, KNEE CAPS, STOCKINGS ANKLETS, SUSPENSORIES, ETC., ETC. Sup]>ortcr w \\\\ Cup attached. REPAIRING promptly and ace ecuted. Kcti'overbion. Ante\ei"biun. Supporter wlien applied lor Retroversion. Lady Atten OFFICE H( From 7 A. M. ur LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. TRUSSES FITTED, adjusted scientifically, sed on an experience of over 40 years. Shelf ...i^.i:q UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ;CIAL TRUSSES made to order. R'S HeHDElVlf '%)t DH56I8C( 1127 CHESTNUT STREET, Near Twelfth, Philadelplua. J'a. Season of l.s8.") now opeu daily autl nightly for the reception of pupils. Alemher of the New York and Paris Society of ]'rofes--ors of Danciny. AH the late fashionable fiances emanating from the societies are taught at this academy. CorusE of Instiiui'tion — Persons joining for one Quarter or Season, will receive private iustructiou individually, eo as to aid and advance tlieir class lessons. Classes— In all my classes I observe the strictest order and disciiiline, so that pupils may le.'irn rapidly and well. >Iy instructions in every case will be found to be of the hightest and most iinet]ualled standard. 1 superintend each pupil individually; gently correcting the mistakes ol one, and assisting another hy words of en- couragement. Lawn 'ienr.is, Schoftische, Highland (^luadrille. New Lanciers and New German Figures, Glide, Side Glide, Hoston and h'acquet. Society V\'altzes a specialty. Taught |)rivately or in class. Skjiinauies : — Ogoutz Dancing Class, York Station : Kurtz School Dancing Class, West Walnut street; Chestnut Hill Dancing Class ; Chelton Hills and many others. Days of Tiition— Class for Ladies and Gentlemen, Monday and AVednesday evenings; Friday evening for scholars" practicing. Class for Gentlemen, Tuesdays and Saturday evenings, e.xclusively for gentlemen; every pujjil receives private lessons. Class for Children, Wednesday and Saturday afternoons. Class for Ladies, afternoons; and special afternoons for Ladies" Matinee. Private classes for Children, afternoons to suit convenience of tliose forming Clubs and Family Classes. Private Lessons Exclusive, every morning for Ladies, Gentle- men or Children. Time to suit the pupil. For terms, etc., call at any time, or address CONSTANTINE CAKl'ENTER, 1127 Chestnut St., near Twelfth, Philadelphia. IG i^S5 ADVERTISEMENTS. BOHEMI AN CL EANSER, lE^^A very useful article for every household, and a saving of money to every purchaser. For Cleaning ali Kinds of Fabrics, IT HAS NO EQUAL. J^^Those who use it can testify to its merits as a cleanser. ^I will guarantee that stains once removed will not return again. V \| The gloss frequently seen on worn garments is removed by ,^y^^ the application of the cleanser (Ladies' wearing apparel included.) LRDIES' DESIRING R CLERNSER FOR REMOVING Grease, paint, Oil, Etc., FROM ALL SILK OR WOOLEN GOODS AND KID CLOVES, Should Ask for Loyd's Bohemian Magic Cleanser. DIRKCTIONS— For removing srease, liar2.,OC>(D^OOO. 316, 318 and 320 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Is jn'cpart'il to ri-nt Safes in its Fire and Suiujlar Proof Vaults, (which are protected by Six Hall Double Chronometer Time Locks, with non-lockout attachment) with Combination and Permutation Locks, that can only be ojcned by the renter, at from f9 to $125 per year. Alloir Iiitrrrsf on Itejiosits of ^lo>ieif ; Art as E.rrrntor. Administrator, Oaardir~' . M, , V > ^1 \ Containing all the Historical, Noted Events, and Interesting Incidents Connected with the Settlement of the United States since its First Discovery. UP TO the Present Time. CLASSIFIED AND ARRANGED UJ\DER ^APPROPRIATE HEADINGS, published I!V J. RIPPEY & CO., 177 W. B.^ltimore St. BALTIMORE, MD. Copyrighted January 7th, 1885, by Ioseph Rippey. ADVERTISEMENTS. THE « UNION «i> TRUST t& CQ,. 611 and 613 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. AVTll01iIZi:i> CLriTAL. rAID-Ur CAPITAL. ------- fil.OOO.OOO Acts as Executor, Administrator, Assignee, Receiver, Guardian, Attorney, Agent, Trustee and Committee, alone or in connection with an individual appointee. Takes cbarge of Property, collects and remits interest and imcome promptly, and discharges faithfully the duties of every trust known to the law. All Trust Assets kept separate from those of the Company. Burglar-proof safes and boxes (having chrome steel doors), to rent at !?5 to $50 per annum in their new and elegant chrome steel VAl'1,1 FIREgBURSLAR-PROOF VAULTS, PROTESTED BY IMPROYED TIME LOSKS Wills kept in vaults without charge. Bonds and Stocks, Plate and alf valuables securely kept under guarantee at moderate charges. Paintings, Statuary, Bronzes, etc., kept in fire-proof vaults. 3Ioney received on deposit at interest. JAMES LONG, President. JOHN G. READING. Vice-President. MAHLON S. STOKES, Treas. and Sec'y. D. R. PATTERSON, Trust Officer. James Lono;, Dr. Chas. P. Turner, W. J. Nead, D. Hayes Agnew, M. D Theodore CrEngel, Edward L. Perkins, Glen Riddle, Pa Alfred S. Gillett, NYilliam S. Price, Thomas R. Patton, Joseph I. Kcefe, Jacob Navlor. Joseph Wright, John T. Monroe, James S. Martin, liobert Patterson, Thomas G. Hood, John G. Reading, AV. Rcily M. D., Harrisburg: J. Simpson, Samuel Riddle, Glen Riddle, Pa. ; Geo. , Africa, Huntingdon: Henry S. Eckert, Reading: Edmund S. Doty, Mitiliutown; Hon. W. W. H. Davis, Doylestown: R. E. Monaghan, West Chester: Charles W. Cooper, Allentown. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Accidents — Miscellaneous 261 Adventures and Exploits 192 Acts of the Colonies Resisting Op- pression 44 Agricultural Events 125 America Discovered, Incidents, etc. 17 Arctic Expeditions 218 Army and Navy 165 Atmospherical and Physical Phe- nomenons 197 Battles of the War 1S12 70 Rattles during the Rebellion 130 Biography of Distinguished Persons 309 British Oppression of the Colonies.. 39 Census Returns 215 Centennial Celebrations, &c 266 Colonial Grants and Charters 84 Commanders-in-Chief of the U. S. Army 367 Commanders-in-Chief of the U. S. Xa\ y 368 Continental Congress 32 Conventions 290 Crimes, Trials and Punishment. . . . 232 Cyclones, Storms, &c 197 Declaration of Independence 347 Destructive Disasters 197 Duels 177 Early Conquests, Invasions and Set- tlements 22 Epidemics and Pestilenc-es 230 Expeditions and Discoveries. . 19 Fenians 289 Fictitious names of States, Cities Noted Persons 295 Fillibusters 217 Foreign Troubles 293 F"oreign X'isitors of Note 264 Frauds, Defalcations, &c 242 Frencli and Indian Wars 68 Gold, Silver, Petroleum, &c 85 Great Fires 204 Holidays 266 Incidents of the Revolution 56 Important Inventions 270 Insurance Companies 289 Indian Wars 62 Insurrections, Riots and Mobs 221 Internal Improvements 182 International Arbitration & Awards. 292 Invasions, Raids, Expeditions, &c., during the Rebellion 151 Labor Strikes 2S6 Manufacturers and Arts 1S4 Marine Disasters, &c 250 Mexican War Battles 106 Minerals and INIines 85 Miscellaneous Items of the Rebel- lion 161 Monetary and Financial Events 92 National Capitol 46 Page. Naval Engagements and Incidents of the Revolution 52 Naval Engagements during 1812. ... 73 Naval Engagements, &c., during the Rebellion 157 Naval Engagements — Miscellaneous 73 Newspapers and Printing Presses. . . 87 Noted Events Commencing with the Christian Era 351 Notable Events in general 278 Party Organizations and Political Strife 100 Peace Measures of the Revolution. . 61 Philanthropic Enterprises, &c 189 Pirates and Piracies 180 Political Action of the Colonies 29 Popular Delusions 220 Post Office Department 210 Presidential Elections and Conven- tions 167 Publications 87 Public Institutions 291 Printing Presses, Publications, &c... 87 Raids, Expeditions, Invasions and Massacres, during the Revolution. 50 Reconstruction 164 Religious Sects, Intolerance, &c. . . 76 Revolutionary "War 47 Schools and Colleges 97 Scientific and other Discoveries. . . . 292 Secret Societies 291 Sectional and Political Strife 100 Social and Matrimonial Events 213 Slavery and Anti-Slavery no Sporting Events 255 States Seceding 129 Steam and Locomotive Navigation. 121 Surrenders, Captures. Places Occu- pied, Evacuated and Besieged du- ring the Rebellion 151 during the War of 1812 72 during" the Revolution 54 Tariff and Taxes 118 Telegraph 268 Temperance Movements 246 Territorial Acquisitions S3 Texas Revolution 61 Theatre and Drama 184 Trade and Commerce 194 Treaties with Foreign Powers, &c... 89 Lhiion and Confederate Officers .... 163 United States Government ^5 Witclicraft, Delusion, Superstition. . 220 War of 181 2 70 MISCELLANEOUS. Business and Legal forms 372 Exemption Laws 38S Commercial Travelers License Laws 399 ADVERTISEMENTS. l^)£ne£ MOUSE, 107 Mrin Street. Bradford, Fr. CAL ROBINSON, .... Proprietor. The new process STERM LnUNDRY. Fine Shirts, Collars and Cuffs, FAMILY LAUNDRY WORK, ifotpl anti g_Estaurant ^ork. A SPECL\L ff ASHIXG MACHINE FOR EACH CLASS. Office 55 Main Street- y^ ^X^^ BHADFonn. ri. i^ SEeOJMD STREET, Wy\RF^EJV, P/\. G. B WILLI^AMS, Pf^OP. DINNERS, PARTIES AND WEDDINGS, SEKA"EI> IX THK MOST SKILLFUL MANNKR. DIAMOND BLOCK, WATER STREET, ATsr ^^ 1=1 lER. E isr , '^.^^. YOU CAK GET FIXE WORIv OX SHORT XOTICK. MANUFACTURERS OF Umm ROLLER SKATES AND rillLHREXS' WAGONS AND SLEOS. Roiagh and Planed. Ltiniber, Flooring, Etc.. WATERFORD, ERIE CO., PA. Wood Toys of all Descriptions, Bit Brace Handles an i Knobs, White Wash Brush Handles, Feather Duster Handles, Button Hook Handles, Scythe Snath Handles. Curr\ Comb Handles. Pipe Bowls and Stems, Druggists Bo.ves, Skate Bo toms. Dumb Bells, Spools. Bungs. Top's. Balls. Wheels, Ball Bats. Indian Clubs. Skate Rollers. Biueing Bo.xes, Paint Brush Handles, Lather Brush Handles. Stencil Brush Handles, Ornaments of all Kinds, Telegraph and Telephone Pins, Croquet Mallets and Stakes, Hulis and Spokes for Baby Carriages and Carts. MANUFACTURER OF ^ PINE AND HEMLOCK SHINGLES. ALSO DEALER IN HEMLOCK LUMBER. TTI JID I O XJTTE, IF* ^^ . ADVERTISEMENTS. CORRY STEAM LAUNDRY, Cor. Wright and Congress Sts., Corry, Pa. C. E. WEEKS, - - - Proprietor. n^EBTOJfBI^ILITT ^f^yX' DIB'PJ.T OJ-S. Office TTT-itli. ""^Tv^ilsoxi tlxe laiatter, 13 NORTH CENTRE STREET, Agejnts in all Towns in the Viqinity. Sioecial attention give a to Gents' Work and the accommo- dation of the traveling public. OUR WORK IS OUR RECOMMENDATION. fi^-G-OODS DELIVERED TO ANY PART OF THE CITY. TiTusviLLE Elastic (5hair Go, (LIMITED.) MANUFACTURERS OF FOR LAWN OR VERANDA, OPERA HOUSES, HALLS, DINING ROOMS. OFFICES, CARS, &c., TITUSVILLE, PA. Estimates furnished for Seating Chm^hes, Halls. Opera Houses. School Rooms, &c., with the Elastic Fabric for Folding or Reversible Seat and Back. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Academies. The Stewart Academy. Reading, Pa 78 Afri'iPiiltni'itl Iniplenients. Beidler Charles, Allentown, Pa., opposite page.. 31 Bishop Wm R., Burlington, X. J 57 Architect. Marshall J. H., Altoona, Pa 55 Attorneys at Law. Allen & Higgins. Warren, Pa., opposite page 23 Badges, Medals. Etc. Dobbins James H., Philadelphia, Pa 35 IJakers. Hunter J., Norristown, Pa 120 Murphey T. A., Wilkesbarre, Pa 90 New York Pie Baking Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. .. . 23 Schwab Frederick, Pottstown, Pa 3 Schwab George, Pottstown, Pa 3 Boiler Manufacturers. Connelly Brothers. Bradford, Pa., opposite page 23 Boating and Ice Cream. Wright W., Trenton, N. J 63 Book Publishers. Currey's Complete Compendium for Commercial Collcsres, Harrisbiirg. Pa. .opposite page 18 RussellR. R., Philadelphia, Pa 40 Boots and Shoes. Berg tfc Reside, York, Pa 95 Brown Charles O, Camden, N. ] 17 Hofflinger H. S.. Camden. N. J 17 Parker J. K., Mount Holly, N. J... 59 Sherman's, ( Bainhridge's old stand). Mount Hol- ly, New Jersey 82 Sprague Thomas H., Futlington, N. J 58 Vansant Isaiah, Trenton, N J '. 61 Wilson Wm. D., Camden, N. J 120 Brass and Iron Foundries, Buckley & Guest, Pottstown, Pa 93 Byar & Tiro., Pottstown, Pa 136 Brewers. Lieberman Joseph & Co., Allentown, Pa 91 The Lebanon Brewing Co.. Lebanon, Pa 131 Brick 3Iaimfacturers. McGlone P. , Germantown, Pa 71 Bricklayer and Builder. AUibone George W., Philadelphia. Pa 24 Bricklayers and Plasterers' Tools. Favinger Samuel, Philadelphia, Pa 71 Bridge Builders and Boiler Makers. Denithorne Capt. John & Son. Phcenixville, Pa.. 3 Business College. Clark's Business College, Erie, Pa., opp. page... 22 Business and Financial Brokers. Riggs & Company, Philadelphia, Pa 177 Cabinet Makers and Upholsterers. Whinery Bros . Philadelphia, Pa 23 Carpenters and ISuilders. Corson George S. Philadelphia, Pa 70 Dodd Wm. S.. Philadelphia, Pa 30 Focht L. H., Hirdsboro. Pa 35 Harmi Charles, West Bethlehem, Pa 209 Johnson Benjamin, Philadelphia, Pa 70 Jorden & Jeffries. Philadelphia, Pa 28 Kernan P. J.. Philadelphia, Pa 22 Rea \Vm. W. & Son. Philadelphia, Pa, opp. page 18 Schult/ Henry G., Philadelphia, Pa 28 Severns J. T. & Sons, Burlington, N. J eg Weigle N., York, Pa 102 Zebley A. P., Philadelphia. Pa 32 Carpet Manufacturers. York Carpet M ills, York, Pa 103 Carriages, Wagons, Etc. Black S. W., Bristol Pa 30 Cassel I. U., Norristown, Pa 38 Fischer A. G., Philadelphia, Pa 70 Higgins John G., Piri<.tol, Pa 30 Moreland Hugh, Philadelphia, Pa 24 Murphy & Wild, Philadelphia. Pa 21 Petzelt. Keyser & Hance, Philadelphia, Pa 92 South Erie Carriage Works, opposite page 22 Spangler Alex., York, Pa loi Vosburgh Bros., Wilkesbarre, Pa 90 Caterers. Closson F. S.. Trenton, N. J 128 Comott Wm. L., Philadelphia, Pa 89 Chair 3Ianufacturers. Banks & ]\Iathias, AUentown, Pa iCo Homer W & Co., Warren, Pa 118 China, Glass and Oueensware. Laubach C. D., Bethlehem. Pa 79 Chiropodist. Jester Prof F. C, Philadelphia, Pa 93 Cigars and Tobacco. Berger Gusta\e E.. Pittsbu'-g, Pa 209 P.rennan Edward. Philadelphia 83 Crippen J. B., Trenton, N. J 62 Fisher John E.. Trenton, N. J 120 Kelly H F.. Bristol, Pa 16 Lehmann M. I., Trenton. N. T 86 McDonald M". Philadelphia, "Pa 56 Mars John, Trenton, N J 128 Mines C. [.. Jr., Camden, N. J 219 O'Neil Thomas. Philadelphia. Pa 82 Rceder Edward. Phdadelphia, Pa .... 19 Rowley C. B., Trenton, N. J 93 Cleaning Material. Loyd's Bohemian Cleanser, Norristown, Pa 3 Cloaks— Importers and Jobbers. Baker Wm. & Son, Trenton, N. J 95 Clothing. Brown Israel, Trenton. N. J 129 Roe, J. D. & Son, Trenton. N. J 97 Clothes Line (Patent.) Weston & Co., Philadelphia, Pa 37 Clothes "Wringers, &c. Knorr Edward, Frankfort, Philadelphia 71 Coal and "Wood. Dan ah Alfred. Trenton. N. J 81 Derry A. C, Trenton, N. J 129 Gasaway S., Trenton. N. J 60 MilnorTnomas He Son, Burlington, N. J 85 Coins, Books, &c. Jenkins J. H., Philadelphia, Pa 31 Confectionery. Dymond A. T., Scrantion, Pa 184 Compressed Yeast. Fleischmann & Co.. Trenton, N.J 72 Coopers. Cook George, Trenton, N. J 81 Reister Fred, Trenton. N. J 128 Cornice AVorks. Lehigh Yalley Cornice Works, Bethlehem, Pa., opposite page 30 Copying Artists. Harpham Copying Co., Altoona, Pa 54 Dancing Academy. Carpenter Constantine Philadelphia, Pa., inside front cover INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. II Dentists. Basset A. J. Philadelphia, Pa 26 Burchell Dr.. Philadelphia, Pa 38 Chapman's Dental Rooms, Philadelphia, Pa 87 Gledhill Thom,as, Philadelphia, Pa 36 Jones Victor S., Bethlehem, Pa 79 Schlosser W. W., H.arrisburg, Pa 43 Druggists. Roche Wm. F., Philadelphia, Pa 89 Dry Goods. Baker Wm. & Son. Trenton, N. J. 61 and 97 Dye Works. HechtWm. H., Allentown, Pa 162 Robertson W. D., New Castle, Pa 92 Elastic Chairs. Titusville Elastic Chair Co., Titus ville, Pa 9 Electro-Plater. Irland Edward, Lebanon, Pa 137 Electro-Tlierapeiitic Institution. Cramer Mrs. Prof. L. P., Trenton, N. J 158 Engine (Vertical) Manufacturers. Snell & Meharg, Reading, Pa 136 Fancy Goods. Cowperlhwait S. S. E., Camden. N. J 33 King .Mrs. J. M., Phillipsburg, N. J 209 Fire Apparatus. Reading Fire Apparatus Works, Reading, Pa... 187 Fire Bricks and Eartlien-nare. Becker C. A., Wilkesbarre, Pa 90 Florist. Greendale Conservatory, Meadville, Pa 15 Flour, Feed and Grain, Candler T. B., Philadelphia, Pa , 82 Furniture. Barber John. Philadelphia, Pa 6g Burt Bros., Philadelphia, Pa 22 Ewing A. B., Carlisle, Pa 132 Miller James, Conshohocken, Pa 56 Walp W., Bethlehem, Pa 155 Gilder and Mouldings. Walton George C, Philadelphia. Pa 74 Glass Manufactory. Belgian Glass Co. (Limited), Meadville, Pa 76 Glass Cutter's Tools. Andress, Thomas J. Philadelphia, Pa 16 Groceries and Provisions. Bauer & Toms, Pottstown, Pa 3 Gilbert Harry, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa 58 Gerrow T D., Beaver Falls, Pa 158 Tohnson Walter J., South Chester, Pa 23 McLaughlin H., Philadelphia, Pa 89 Mathews S. H., Trenton. N. 1 63 Miller Jehu H., Phieni.xviUe, "Pa 3 Polen Thomas B., Scranton, P;> 184 Robinson Charles H., Philadelphia, Pa 69 Smallwood J. B., Germantown, Pa 69 Stuber George F.. Philadelphia, Pa 69 Watson & Roys, Beaver Falls, Pa 158 Williamson Brothers. Waterford, Pa., opp. page 22 Zimmer Wm. M., Erie, Pa., opposite page 22 Guns, Kevolvers, &c. Cone A. M., Warren, Pa 216 Handle Manufacturers. Corry Handle Factory. Corry, Pa 96 Kelly & Royer. Waterford, Pa 10 HardAvare. Raynor William, Philadelphia, Pa , 24 Harness and .Saddles. McCann J. S., Philadelphia, Pa 1S4 Hatters. Hoyt Charles R., Philadelphia, Pa 16 Staiger Charles. Trenton, N. J 6i Hauling and Draying. McGinnis James, Norristown, Pa 96 Heaters, Ranges, &c. Rockett T, T., Philadelphia, Pa 28 Hides and Tallow. Heintz George M., Warren, Pa 118 Horse Collars. Ennis Robert M., Wilkesbarre, Pa 53 Horse .Shoers. McNally Thomas J., Philadelphia, Pa 83 Hotels. American House, Kendall Creek, Pa., opp. page. 23 American Hotel, liethlehem. Pa 152 Arandale House. Bedford, Pa 210 Barr & Warner, Union City, Pa., opp. page 23 Bristol House, Wilkesbarre, Pa 68 Carver House, Warren. Pa., opposite page 23 Central Hotel, Eldred, Pa 158 Courtright House, Wilkesbarre. la 68 E.vchange Hotel, Wilkesbarre, Pa 90 Franklin House, Bethlehem. Pa 153 First Ward Hotel, Allentown, Pa 163 Fulton House, Chester, Pa 21 Grand Centra! Hotel. Reading, Pa 189 Merchants' Hotel, Allentown, Pa 163 Merchants' Hotel, Reading, Pa 190 Morrison House, Birdsboro, Pa., opp. page 30 Pennsylvania Hotel, Allentown, Pa 164 Pennsylvania House, York, Pa ico Pierce House, Bradford, Pa...., 8 St. Bernard Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa 21 The Budd House, Meadville, Pa 120 Washington House, Bethlehem, Pa 91 Whistler House, Mercer, Pa 15 Injectors for Steam Boilers. Rue Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia, Pa 16 Installment House. Garety Thomas, Philadelphia, Pa 68 Insurance Companies. Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Reading, Pa., opposite page 30 Penn Mutual Line Insurance Co., of Philadel- phia, Pa . 18 Iron AV'orks. Enterprise Iron Works, Norristown, Pa 3 Etna iron Works, New Castle, Pa 74 Wilkesbarre Iron Fence and Screen Manufactur- ing Co., Wilkesbarre, Pa 53 Junk Dealer. Cornish David, Philadelphia, Pa 68 Ladies' and Misses' Shoes. Hofflinger H. S.. Camden, N. J 17 Vansant Isaiah. Trenton , N. J 61 Wilson Wm. D., Camden, N.J..,. 120 Laundries. Corry Steam Laundry, Corry, Pa .,... q Pennsylvania Laundry, Philadelphia. Pa. 65 The New Process Steam Laundrv' Bradford, Pa. 8 Warren Star Laundry, Warren, Pa .,, 8 Leather and .Shoe Findings. Vogeler O. T., Newark. N J 209 Livery .Stables. Affanstranger S. J., Meadville, Pa 75 -Ahrens H. M , Reading, Pa 191 Boyers H. F. and J. F., Reading, Pa 191 Everich J. W., Burlington, N. J 89 Hill J. S. & Co., Reading, Pa 192 Hoch Peter, Reading, Pa 192 McCort John, Titusville, Pa 96 McGuigan & Stubler, Oil City, Pa 77 Perry Williams & Co., Norristown, Pa 3 Reidnauer Z., Reading, Pa 192 Locksmith and Bell-Hanger. Kauffmann Chas., Philadelphia, Pa 65 Lumber and Building Material. Allen &: Lance, Reading, Pa 192 Philp & Perry, Oil City, Pa 77 INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Medical Institute. Erie Medical and Surgical Institute, Erie, Pa... 39 ■>Iacliinists. Kelley J. L., Machine Works, Erie, Pa., oppo- site page 22 Knauss & Wintersteen, Fethlehem, Pa 79 Knauss Geo L. ^c Co., AUeiitown, Pa i6^ Robertson \Vm. & Son. Bradford, Pa., opp. page 23 Spangle Charles, Al entown. Pa 164 Marble Works. Beatty & Son, Harrislnirg, Pa 48 Daugherty J. E., Lebanon, Pa 130 Stratford ^ Steiner. Lewistown, Pa 67 Meat Market. Lawrence R.. Philadelphia, Pa 83 3Iilk and Produce. Douglass T., Philadelphia, Pa 65 Monson John. Philadelphia, Pa 65 Musical Boxes, Clocks, &c. Gacond Henri. Philadelphia, Pa 83 Musician. Hall Harry, Philadelphia, Pa 64 Newspapers. The Carbon Advocate. Lehighton, Pa 146 The Saturday Morning, Philadelphia, Fa 22 Odorless Excavator. Johnson Henry, Trenton, N.J 81 Oil Cups. Lonegran J. E. & Co., Philadelphia, Pa 16 Paints, Oils and A'arnishes. JNIalone A. J., Philadelphia, Pa., opp. page 18 Painters. Biddle George W., Jr., Philadelphia, Pa 88 Blown M. , Erie, Pa., opposite page 22 Eisenberg D. G., Philadelphia, Pa 64 Goth H J. & Bro.. Bethlehem. Pa 153 Haley Samuel, Philadelphia, Pa 64 Lynn & Moyer, Bethlehem, I'a 154 Patterson T D., Eldrcd, Pa 96 Rodney Samuel, Philadelphia, Pa 64 Paper IJags. Fageley Warren, Philadelphia, Pa., opp. page... 18 Patent Medicine Dealer. Totten William T., Philadelphia, Pa 176 Patent, Pension and Claim Agents. Reeves Lemuel C, Burlington, N. J .... 57 Webb J.Bruce, Washington. D. C 78 Pattern and Model Maker. Cooper Frank P., Philadelph'ta, Pa 24 Photographers. Eggert, portraits, Bethlehem, Pa 79 Hauer E. E.. Lebanon, Pa 131 Somiesky , Artist, Potistown. Pa 3 The Wertz Gallery, T. E. Coartnpy, AUentown, Pa 165 Pianos. Organs, Arc. Kelly H. F.. Bristol, Pa 16 Kurzenknabe J. H. is: Son<, Harrisburg, Pa... . 50 Lehman R. F., Camden. N. J 96 Ruhlman JohnS., Trenton, N.J 60 Planing ^lills. Cottage Planing Mill Co., Huntingdon, Pa 211 Northampton Saw and Planing ^Slill, South Bethlehem, Pa 156 Plumljevs and Gas Fitters. Baker lohn S., Philadelphia, Pa 30 Farreirv>: Maher. Phiiadelyhia, Pa 28 Lawler's Sewer Gas Trap, Scranton, Pa., oppo- site page 19 Kafer (George W., Trenton, N.J 62 Kramer John A., Harrisburg, Pa 36 Pork Packers and Provisions. Horn John H., Bridgeport, Pa 58 Pottery and Terra Cotta AVorks. Allentonn Pottery and Terra Cotta Works 165 Power Mills. Mills for grinding wet, green and dry bones, Eas- ton, Pa., opposite page 31 Printers and Stati«)ners. Calland W. C„ Philadelphia. Pa 55 Cleaver, Charles W.. Bedford. Pa 210 Coleman Printing House. Reading, Pa., opp. page 30 Conklin Brothers, Philadelphia, Pa 55 Fisher & Bro., Camden. N. J 34 Gould H. D , Philadelphia, Pa 35 j Horter Edward J,, Philadelphia, Pa 19 Keighton Printing House, Philadelphia, Fa 78 Mirror Printing House, Altoona. Pa 84 Norris Printing Works-R. G. Clyde — Philadel- phia- Pa 5-; Rice Harry Sine, AUentown, Pa 66 V'oight and Ash, Philadelphia, Pa 184 Proprietary 3Iedicines. Belz George A., Erie, Pa., opposite page 22 Burkhardt's Keliable Remedies, Camden, N. J . . 34 Cadwell's Herb Bitters, Harrisburg, Pa 39 Cancerous Diseases Cured Philadelphia, Pa.... 29 Coates.P.of. I. H., Philadelphia, Pa 73 Harvey Mrs. -AL M., Philadelphia, Pa. 61 Pumps, Hydrants, &c. Tyler Isaac & Son, Wilkesbarre, Pa 53 Pure AA'ater Supply. Watson's Deep Well System, Bradford, Pa 15 Real Kstate Krokers. Phillips & Co.. Philadelphia, Pa 25 Reeves Lemuel C , Burlington, N.J 57 Rogers Henry W., Baltimore, Md 78 Restaurants. Brown David S., Gloucester City, N.J 58 Continental Lodging House and Restaurant, Trenton, N. J 62 Crusen iNIrs. T. D., Trenton, N. T 86 Dexter W. P., Phil.idelphia, Pa 70 Kirkpatrick Charles, Philadelphia Pa 21 Rennig, C. W , South Bethlehem, Pa 157 Roofers. Ilerzog G. & Co., AUentown, Pa 66 Weber J. Alfred. South Bethlehem, Pa.. , .,... 157 Rubber Goods. Mumpoting John F., Philadelphia, Fa., opp. page 23 Saloons and Restaurants. Ackerman Edward, Philadelphia, Pa 91 Smith Frank H., Philadelphia, Pa 56 Siegle Jacob, New Caslle. Pa 76 Thomas E., Philadelphia, Pa 80 Welch Jack, Philadelphia, Pa 80 Sculptors. Hepding & Walker, Philadelphia. Pa 80 Seeds and Fertilizers. Bishop William R., Burlington, N.J 57 ' Sewijig 3Iacliines. McEhvain T. A., Me.idviHe, Pa 75 I Slater. Bower A. H., Lebanon, Pa 31 Spool Heads, &c. Phillips J. E., Philadelphia, Pa 16 Staves and Shingles. Ross .M.,Tidioute,Pa & Stoves and Tinware. Borden John A: Bro.. Philadelphia, Pa 27 Colgrove G. W. ifc Son. Eldred, Pa., opp. page.. 23 Dewitt -A... Birdsboro, Pa., opp. page 31 Industry Stove Works. Camden, N.J 33 Kaighn Point Stove Works, Camden, N. J 33 Tailors. Hamilton, W. H., Beaver Falls, Pa 136 Healey J.. Philadelphia. Pa 80 INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 13 Tailors — Continued. Mooney M., Philadelphia, Pa.... Roe J. D. & Son, Trenton, N. J , Siemon Adam, Pittsburg, Pa Smvth James, Trenton, N.J... Walker A. J., Trenton, N. J 19 97 211 178 74 Teas and Coftees. Corbett & Hayes, Trenton, N. J 81 Thread Manufactory. Burlington Thread Co., Burlington, N. J 57 Tool Manufacturer. Favinger S., Philadelphia, Pa 71 Toy ^lanufaoturer. Kelly and Rover, Waterford, Pa 8 Truss 3Ianufaturers, Hastings and Garson, Philadelphia, Pa., Front Past-up. Trust and Safe Deposit C'o's. Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company, of Philadelphia, Pa 4 Union Trust Company, of Philadelphia, Pa 6 l Turkish and Russian Baths. 1 Rhinehart, Wm. A., Bradford, Pa 158 j Turner in Ivory, 'Wood, &c. Dowdell A. W., Philadelphia, Pa 17 Undertakers. SchnellerS. S., Bethlehem, Pa 154 Sweeney, James I., Philadelphia, Pa 91 Walp W., Bethlehem, Pa 155 U l>h o 1 s te re r s . Keely Thom.is Jr., West Philadelphia, Pa 16 Variety Bazaar. Valentine John S , Burlington. N J 85 Veterinary College. Corbyn Prof. T. N., Philadelphia, Pa 14 Veterinary Surgeons. Bosley E. J., New Castle, Pa 15 Gable A. E., Greenville, Pa 66 Hart John R., Philadelphia. Pa 39 Phillips, W. S., Reading, Pa 35 StuU John, Trenton, N. J 60 Veterinary 'Works. Mayer S. & Co., Philadelphia, Pa 216 AVashing Machines. Baughman N. C, York, Pa ; 94 Mumpoting John F., Philadelphia, Pa., opp. page 23 "Watchmaker and Jeiveler. Higgins S. L., Camden, N.J 17 "Wines and I..iquors. Callahan F J., Philadelphia, Pa 23 Cottman L. A.. Philadelphia, Pa , opp. page.... 18 Dunn Michael F , Philadelphia, Pa 27 Eagau James W., Philadelphia. Pa 56 Gallagher Mrs. J. JM., Philadelphia, Pa 27 McClelland Robert J., Philadelphia, Pa 33 Westenbur^er J., Trenton. N. J 63 Williams R. T., Philadelphia, Pa 19 Wood Carver. Brown James, Philadelphia, Pa 71 Yarns. Crowe Geo. W., German town, Pa 20 INDEX TO TOWNS AND CITIES. Allentown, Pa 157 Annville, Pa 135 Atlantic City, N. J 202 Bedford, Pa 151 Bethlehem, Pa 152 Bradford. Pa loS Bridgeport, Pa 107 Bristol, Pa 113 Burlington, N. J 179 Camden, N. J 217 Cape May, N. J 203 Carlisle, Pa 132 Catasaqua, Pa 141 Chambersburg, Pa 125 Chester, Pa 138 Clayton, N. J 205 Coatsville, Pa 148 Columbia, Pa 121 Darby, Pa 137 Downington, Pa 148 Doy 1 esto wn , Pa 114 Duncannon, Pa 147 Eldred, Pa 112 Gettysburg, Pa 122 Glassboro', N. J 204 Gloucester, Pa 216 Greencastle, Pa 124 Greenville, Pa 142 Hamburg, Pa 199 Hanover, Pa 122 Harrisburg, Pa 41 Huntingdon, Pa 150 Kendall Creek, Pa 117 Kennett Square, Pa 214 Lancaster, Pa 207 Lebanon, Pa 127 Lehighton, Pa 146 Lewistown, Pa 349 Mauch Chunk, Pa 143 Mechanicsburg, Pa 119 Media, Pa 137 Middletown, Pa iii Millersville, Pa 124 Millville, N.J 205 Mt. Holly, N. J iSi Newport, Pa 147 Newtown, Pa 116 Newville, Pa 126 Norristo wn , Pa 103 Oxford, Pa 214 Phcenexville, Pa 107 Pottstown, Pa 105 Pottsville, Pa 200 Quakertown, Pa 216 Reading, Pa 1S2 Shenango, Pa 142 Shippensburg, Pa 106 Slatington, Pa 145 South Bethlehem, Pa 155 Steelton, Pa 135 Trenton, N. T 166 Upland, Pa 13S Vineland. N, J 205 Warren, Pa ., 117 Waynesboro, Pa 126 Wri'ghtsville, Pa 122 York, Pa 94 14 ADVERTISEMENTS. THIS DEPARTMENT IS UNDER THE fluspiees of a^i^testern University, Students are Received at all Periods OF THE YEAR. Erribraces Lectures, Recitations |Clii]ical li)structioi]s, GEADUATIOH WHEN COMPETENT. We have locations for over Two Hundred Veterinarv Physicians on our books. For Particulars, Address, Prof.T.N.CORBYN,M.D.Pli.D.andD.Y.S., 1847 North Ninth Street, PHILADELPHIA. PA. 1 '^^ IIIIIIIXIIV^ \ ^_ ' OFFICE- The most approved Works and Remedies furnished the profession in all parts of the Countrs^ at nominal rates; Advice and Diaimosis given in the most obscure and critical cases of Equine diseases by PROF. CORBYN. ADVERTISEMENTS. 15 CfREENDALE CONSERVATORY, ShoiGGst Plants for fiangicg Baskets and Vases, ALL KINDS OF BEDDING PLANTS. FLOWER DESIGNS FOR WEDDINGS, FUNERALS, And All Occasions Lower th: AIGUST KliUEGER, - Proprietor Furnished on Short Notice at Prices Lower than they can be procurep elsewhere. JIZE3D 1847'- PURELY MUTUA L ASSETS $9, 800, 000 'I he Policy Contracts of this Company leave rothirg to be desired- embracirg all liberal featur«< Thev become INCONTESTABLE three years from d.Tte. ""They are abfohuelv KONFORFEITABLE, the entire ■reserve" at lapse being applied either to the EXTENSION of the 01 iginal sum in'=ured, or to the purchase of PAID-UP insur.ince, at the option of the mimber. SAMUEL C EDWARD M. NEEDLES, Vice President. HORATIO S. STEPHENS, 2nd Vice President HUEY, President. HENRY C. BROWN, fecrttary. JESSE J. B.-\RKER, Actuary. land," and reported at home that codfish were so abundant as to impede the pro- gress of his ships, which originated the great fisheries on its banks. Sir Hum- phrey Gilbert sailed in 1583 with 5 vessels and 260 men. Landing on New Found- land he erected royal arms and pro- claimed government. Unsuccessful in searching for gold they resolved to return to England. The vessel in which Gilbert took passage foundered during a gale and he was lost. Anteflcus Yefi2)ucius, a Florentine merchant, accompanied Alonzo de Oj- eda in a voyage of discovery in 1499 as navigator and geographer. They fol- lowed the charts of Columbus and reach- ed the Gulf of Paria. Finding an Indian town built on piles over the water they named it Venezuela or Little "Venice. Vespucius gave to Europe the first pub- lished account of the "Western World, in Atahuallpa, Inca of PevUf was made captive by the Spaniards under Pizarro, November 16, 1532. He offered to fill the room in which he was confined, 22 feet by 17 feet, 9 feet high with gold, and another room twice full of silver as a ransom. The offer was accepted, but be- fore they were quite filled the soldiers clamored for a division. After deduct- ing the royal fifth the gold melted down produced ^15,500,000, beside the silver. Then the Spaniards executed Atahuallpa upon the pretext that he was secretly in- stigating a rebellion. •Jacques Cavtier^ a noted French sailor, sailed from St. Malo, France, April 20, 1534, with two 60 ton vessels and 122 men for a voyage of exploration to the New World, and after wintering on the St. Lawrence, and losing 25 men by scurvy, he sailed again for France March ADVERTISEMENTS. ilURREY'S iOMPLE-TD ®OmPD.ND[UM FOR COMMERCIAL COLLEGES. Divideji into four parts as follows : 1st.— Theory of Book Keeping. 2d.— Business Series. Sd.— Arithmetical Bxercisss. 4th.— Correspondence, Commercial Law, &c. SUBSTANTIALLY ^OUND IN CLOTH- PRICE, $l.50. S 1= E O Z .A. Ij . , Fi''«.T-Auy young mau coutemplating a course iu any buaiuesa college will save .-.0 ncrcent l,v tamihanzmg himself with tho coutents of the compeiitliiim ^ ■ -^ Seconi).--U is the only work that treats the subject of accounts as a science studeX"' "' "''''*""^™^"* '' °''*'"'^' and logical, and will be readily understood by the PouRTH.-lt contains information never thought of bv any previous author J iFTii.- rhe tact that most of our public and private schobls have lately opened commercial courses tully demonstrates the lact that a practical course is not onlv annreeiated but demnnH^ri at Vh ,? „ ; lime. The compendium fully meets all these requirement- ''P>"'""«^^'' '^"^ demanded at the present welUlowVtWu"""'"" *''''* ''"'^"'''''''''''''^•''"""^■'"^ should ouy this book is because they cannot SEND FDR CIRCULARS AND SPECIMEN PAEES, J. N. CURREY, Professional Accountant, 330 Market Street, Harrisburg^, Pa. WARREN FAGELEY MANUFACTURER OF PAPER BAGS And Wholesale Dealer in No.^07 North Eighth Street, Philadelphia, Pa TraTcOTTMnN, DEALER IN FIKE WIWBS, MeUOHS AMM CIGAHS, 1650 RIDGE AVENUE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. N. B.-Families supplied with Wines an d Liquors for Medical and Family use at Lowest Prices. WN/[. W. REA & SON, SHOP. 1815 FRANCIS ST., RESIDENCE, Sis'pERKIOMEN S-T^ PHILADELPHIA, PA. ToToToirLg- prorcLptl37- attend-ed. to. A. J. MAL.ONE, Manufactursr and Wholesale Dealer iq PAINTS, OILS, ?ilRNlSflEg &g Buy the -'Excelsior" Natural Wood Stains ' For Staining Unpainted or Painted Wood, such as the Inside Wood Work of Houses. Floor- or Furniture it has no equal Put up m K Pints. }i Pints, Pints and Quart Bottles Waluut, Maple, ChesMu.t. Cherry, 3IallT,i.anv ami Oak Nos. 1403-04 NORTH TENTH ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. ADVERTISEMENTS. DEATH TO DIPHTHERIA, MALARIA, -^sAnd other Contagious Diseases. ^^ AGREATSMITARYIIVEIfTIOIf ShoH-ing Trap Connecled to a Hath Tub. ) ff/ioninff Trap Votwected to a tVash Jia^tln. L FOR ^tatioaarj Ball Tiilis, ^Vasii Basils, ^^asl Tnlis, B\ih, itc, A POSITIVE SEAL AGAINST SEWER-GAS! The only practical Bath-Tub Trap in the World. Endorsed by the leading Sanitarians of this country. Cheap, Durable and Effective. Manufactured and for sale by the Inventor. JAMES J. LAWLER, PlumlDinp^ Expert, Cor. Wyoming Ave. and Linden Street, Scranton, Pa. And Sold by all first class Plumbers and Dealer in Plumbers Supplies. BTo Bath Tub or liVash Basin Is Complete without it. EXPEDITIONS AND DISCOVERIES. 19 6, 1536, taking with him 10 Indian chiefs as captives. Montreal. — Cartier having sailed through the Guh'and River St. Lawrence arrived at the Indian village of Hoche- laga, Oct. 2, 1535. He climbed a mountain back of the village and called it Mount Royale, which afterward was corrupted into the present name of Montreal, and is applied not only to the island but also to the great city. Santa Fe de Bogota, in the U. S. of Columbia, S. A., was founded in 1538 by Gonzalo Ximenes de Ouesada, who erected 12 houses in honor of the 12 apostles. Sable Islaiuf, off Nova Scotia, was colonized in 159S by 40 criminals brought from France by Marquis de la Roche. He was driven off in a gale and they were not visited for five years. Only 12 sur- vived. R. T. WILLIAMS, Dealer in Choice Wines &. Liquors, ALE, PORTER and LAGER BEER, 409 South Sixth St., PHILADELPHIA. M. IVIOONEY, PRACTICAL MERCHANT TAILOR, 830 SOTJTH STR,EEX, PHILADELPHIA. EDWARD J. HORTER, EDW. ROEDER, Manufacturer of Mantua Printing House, FINE CIGARS 3704 LANCASTER AVE., PHIL.A.DELPHIA, PA. book: Sc job n^nsTTEi^- Wholesale and RetaiL No. 3928 Lancaster Ave., WEST PHILADELPHIA. EXPEDITIONS AND DISCOVERIES. (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED.) ^A^mazon Hii-ev was navigated in 1616 by two monks in a canoe, who had fled from tlieir missions in Peru because of Indian persecutions. They finally reached Para. American Voyaqe round the world was first completed in 1790 by Captain Gray, of Boston, in the "Columbia." She left Sept. 30, 1787, for China, via the Pacific coast, and returned via Cape of Good Hope. Block Isla n d was named by Adreain tJlock, who in 1614 e.xplored Long Island Sound, Naragansett Bay, sailing through Hellgate, a rocky channel in the East River. His trip was made in the "Un- rest," a vessel ^2% feet long, 11% feet wide and 16 tons burden, built at Man- hattan. Brazil was visited in 1502 by Ameri- cus Yespucius. He discovered the Bay of All Saints and returned to Spain with a cargo of Brazil wood. Canada Exjyloi'ed by Champlain in 1603. De Chastes, Governor of Dieppe, France, under a patent for colonizing Canada, sent two vessels of 12 and 15 tons, under Champlain, for preliminary explorations. They reached and as- cended the St. Lawrence to Montreal, then returned to France. Cape St. Augustine was discovered Jan. 28, 1500, by Vincent Yanez Pinzon. He also discovered the Amazon River» and was the first to cross the Equator in the Western Atlantic. Cape Cod and Martha's Vinej'ard were discovered in 1602 by Bartholomew Gosnold. He built a fort upon Cutty- hunk, one of the Elizabeth islands, and then returned to England. Cape Horn was discovered by Gar- cia Jofre de Loaya, a Spanish comman- der, in 1525. Columbia Hit'cr discovered May 8, 1792, by Captain Robert Gray, in the Boston vessel "Columbia Redivivia." Lewis and Clark broke up their winter camp upon the Missouri River April 7, 1805, and started up the river and cross- ed the mountain ridge on horseback, amid great obstacles. They reached the mouth of the Columbia River Nov. 15, 1805, and began their return trip up the Columbia River March 23, 1806. They arrived at St. Louis September 23, 1807, having been gone on their great explor- ing trip 28 months. Florida was discovered by De Leon April 2, 1512, and was so named because of the luxuriant vegetation. He found neither gold nor fountains, and returned to Porti Rico. The Gulf stream was first noticed by Alaminos, a pilot on this ex- pedition. Fremont, John C. commenced an 20 EXPEDITIONS AND DISCOVERIES. exploration of the Rocky IMoiintains on May 2, 1842, by order of the U. S. gov- ernment. He planted the American Hag on the summit of a peak 13,570 feet high, which has since been known as Fremont's peak. Fremont's second ex- pedition to tire Rocky Mountains started in May, 1S43. His party explored the Great Salt Lake in Utah, thence north to the Columbia River, following it to its mouth. Tiiey returned over the Sierra Nevadas into the Sacramento Val- ley, through deep snows, and reached Kansas in Jul}', 1844. Col. Fremont's exploring party suffered terribly in the Rocky Mountains in 1854. They fed on mule meat for 45 days, and would have perished but for relief from another party. Hat/ti was discovered December 6, 1492, and named by Columbus "Hispan- iola," or Little Spain. the United States. Col. Clark put Capt. Helm in command. In August, 1778, the Virginia Assembly, by an act, named the whole region "Illinois County." Japan.— U. S. expedition to Japan, under Commodore Perry, son of the hero of Lake Erie, sailed in 1852. He arrived at Japan July 14, 1S53, and delivered the letter from the President of the United States to the care of the Imperial Com- missioners. Lake Champlahi was discovered July, 1609, by Champlain, wiio had ac- companied a war party against the Iro- quois, who dwelt in Central New York. Louisiana was the name given to the entire region on the banks of the Mississippi by La Salle, who arrived at the Gulf of Mexico April 9, 1682, and took formal possession of the mouth of the river in the name of Louis XIV., King of France. GEO. W. CROWE, MANUFACTURER OF COTTON, & WOOLEN SPINNING YARNS, WATSONS TWISTED YARNS, EITHER IN COTTON OR LONG WOOL A SPECIALTY. PRICE STRKKT. GERMANTOWN, PA. 12 Hudson Hil'cr was discovered Sept. 1609, by Sir Henry Hudson, who sailed in the "Half-Moon" to where Albany now stands. He called it the Great North River. He was in Dutch service, whose claims in North America were based on his discoveries. Illinois Hirer. — The exploration of the Illinois river was made by a party from Fort Crevecceur, in February, 1680. Illinois, Indiann and Kenfurhf/. In 1779 Col. Geo. Rogers Clark marched with a force against the French settle- ments in Illinois, his object being to ex- tend the autiiority of Virginia over the scattered settlements of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. He occupied Kaskaskia without bloodshed. He became so pop- ular there that the French priest influ- enced the iniiabitants of Vincennes, in the absence of the British governor at Detroit, to change their allegiance to Lotver California was explored by two expeditions sent out in 1532-3 by Cortez. 3Iaine — ]\Iartin Pring's Explorations in 1603. The "Speedwell" and "Dis- coverer" were sent by Bristol merchants to follow up Gosnold's discoveries. Un- der Pring's command they explored the coast of Maine and Massachusetts — searching for sassafras root — as far as Martha's Vineyard, and then returned to England. The coast of Maine was again explored in 1604 by Champlain. He named Mt. Desert, visited the Penob- scot and returned to St. Croix. 3Tississip2)i Hirer. — Tliis great river was discovered by De Soto in May, 1541. Allouez and Dablon left Green Bay, Wisconsin, in 1670, to visit some Indian towns on Lake Winnebago. They were told much about the great Mississippi. During 1763 Jacques Marquette, a Jesuit EXPEDITIONS AND DISCOVERIES. 21 missionary, and Louis Joliet, a Quebec trader, having heard of a "Great West- ern River," set out from the Straits of Mackinaw, in birch bark canoes, to find it. They were guided by Indians to the Wisconsin river, where their guides lei't them. Descending the Wisconsin tliey entered the Mississippi on the 17th of June, down which they floated past the Des Moines, Illinois, ^lissouri and Ohio rivers to the mouth of the Arkansas on July 17th, whence they decided to re- turn lest falling into the hands of Span- iards they should lose the fruits of their discoveries. They reached Green Bay in September, and Joliet went at once to Quebec to report. La Salle set out Aug. 10, 16S0, with 25 men, to explore the Mississippi, and to relieve Tonti and his companions, who were waiting at Creve- cceur for their leader. Most of the gar- rison had deserted and gone to Michilli- this company set out for Lake Erie. Their course from there is not certainly known, but it is claimed that they dis- covered the Ohio and Mississippi before Marquette reached the last river. Pacific Ocetdi Discovevetl. — Bal- boa started Sept. i, 1513, with 190 men and Indian guides, to search for the great sea, said to lie at the South. After a difficult march through the wilderness he discovered the Pacific ocean September 26, 1513, from the summit of a moun- tain. Proceeding to the coast he waded into the water with a royal standard and took possession of it in the name of Spain. He called it the South Sea. Dur- ing the expedition he learned of the rich kingdom of Peru at the South. The name Pacific Ocean was given November 28, 1520, by Magellan, who had just com- pleted the boisterous passage through the straits which bear his name. FULTON HOUSE, ROBERT SCHOFIELD, Proprietor, Cor. Front and Fulton Streets, Fine Rcoms From 50 cents to $1.00 per day. MURPHY 8l wild. WAGON BUILDERS, No. 908 Snyder Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA. ST. BERNARD HOTEL, 912 VINE STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Miss E. Johnson. FroprietreaS. CHARLES KIRKPATRICK, S. E. Ccr. 17tli aad Titan Streets, PHILADELPHIA, PA Ladies' k Gents' Oysters Ice Cream Saloon. Fresh and Salt Water Oysters and Clams all the Year Round. Family Trade a Specialty. LADIES' SALOON BACK. mackinac, committing depredations on their route. He arrived at the ruins of the fort in December, but found no traces of Tonti and his few faithful companions, who had gone to Green Bay to avoid the hardships they were subjected to in con- sequence of a war having broken out be- tween the lUinois and Iroquois Indians. La Salle and his company then started for the Mississippi, Dec. 21, i6Si,by way of the Chicago river, and reached the Mississippi Feb. 2, 16S2, and amid float- ing jce started down its stream. Xew Me.rico. — In 1581 Augustin Ruyz, with two other priests and eight soldiers, started to e.xplore the seven cities of Cibola. One priest was killed by Indians and the soldiers returned, leaving the two priests, whose fate is unknown, Ohio and Jlississijipi Rivet's — Expedition of La Salle. July 6, 1669, Pearl Islands. — Margarita and Cu- bagua, noted for pearl fisheries, were discovered by Columbus in 149S. - He obtained a quantity to be sent to Spam. Salt Springs in Illinois were known to the French and Indians in 1720. South America discovered August I, 1498, by Columbus, while cruising along the southern shore of Trinidad. He entered the Gulf of Pariaand landed upon what he supposed to be another island, but which was the continent. He procured large strings of pearls from the natives. Ill health and scarcity of pro- visions compelled his return to Hayti. Wheeler S 11 r re i/s, from Pueblo, Col- orado, July 15, 1S74, of unexplored terri- tory west of one hundredth meridian, by 9 parties, including eminent scientists. Tliorough explorations were made. Jf'ilkes' K.rplorinfi Expedition to the South Sea sailed April, 1S38. 22 EARLY SETTLEMENTS. EARLY CONQUESTS, INVASIONS AND SETTLEMENTS, (SEE ALSO, EXPEDITIONS.) Arnrlia. — Expeditions of De Monts and Ponlgiave sailed in April, 1604, from Havre-de-Grace to Nova Scotia. De Monts entered the Bay of Fundy and dis- covered Annapolis Harbor, which Pou- trincourt begged for himself and named it Port Royal. Pontgrave, after sailing to the St. Lawrence to trade retnrned to France. De Monts proceeded around the Bay of Fundy and out into Passama- quoddy Bay. An island was selected for the colony and named St. Croix, upon which 79 men were left. The severity of the winter and scurvy killed 35. In 1604 De Monts undertook to colonize this re- gion, under a grant embracing the terri- tory now between Philadelphia and Lake St. Peter, in the St. Lawrence river. Champlain and Baron de Poutrincourt Boston. — Its present site was settled upon in 1623 by William Blackstone, who sold out and removed to Rhode Island upon the coming of the Puritans. He was said to be a slaveholder. The first house was built in Boston in July, and the town was organized Sept. 17, 1630. Cast in e, 3Iaine, was settled by the English in 1760. Cfinadfi. — The expeditions against Montreal and Quebec in 1690 by land un- der Winthrop resulted in a most miserable failure. Phipjjs had no better success, although his equipment con- sisted of 32 vessels and 2,000 men. He found Quebec prepared, and after a slight demonstration returned to Boston. Can- ada was again invaded Aug. 10, 171 1, by W B[SI llDV[f!TiSINE MfDIOM BELOW Wm STBEET Is " The Saturd.w Morning." Distributed Gratuitiously Everv Friday to the Residents of Southern Philadelphia. Circulation Honest. Dis- tribution Thorough. Advertising Rates Low. H. A. BRAINAjRD, Editor and Proprietor, iioS South Sth Street, Philadetphia, Pa. P. J. KERNAN, Carpenter and Builder, No. 471 York Ave. above Noble St. PHILADELPHIA. N. B— JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. A.G BliRT. C. H. BUKT, H. H. liUKT, L. C. BURT, FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS. 2000 to 200!', Sdutli ;)th Street, philadelphia, pa. Marble and Wood Top Chamber Suits a Specialty. accompanied the expedition, which in- cluded both Catholics and Hugenots. On July 27, 1606, Poutrincourt returned to Annapolis harbor with supplies. He found but 2 Frenchmen, the others hav- ing built boats and gone in search of game and fruits. They were found and brought back. Poutrincourt and Cham- plain explored the southern coast for a good site for a colony, but made no selec- tion. The succeeding winter was mild, and only 4 men died of scurvy. Alabama. — In 1702 the first settle- ment was made on Mobile river by the transfer of a French fleet from Biloxi. Astorio, Oi'cf/on, was founded in 1811 by the Pacific Fur Company. It was named after John Jacob Astor, and was the depot for the fur trade west of the Rocky Mountains. Jiethlehcin, l*a., was settled in 1741 by the Moravians or "United Brethren.*' a fleet of 15 ships and 40 transports with 7,000 men, which sailed from Boston to capture Quebec. Admiral Hoveuden Walker's obstinacy in sailing up the St. Lawrence on a dark and stormy night caused the loss of 8 ships and 1,000 men. Discouraged, he abandoned the enter- prise and sailed for England. An army of 4,000 men that had been assembled at Albany for an attack on ISIontreal, turned back upon receiving news of the failure of the naval expedition. Carolina' teas invaded by French and Spaniards in 1706, who were de- feated. Charle.*itoivn, 3Iass.. was founded July 4, 1629, by a company of Puritans from Salem. Charleston, S. C, was abandoned in 1680, and the present city was founded, which became the capital of the province. Chicago. — In the records of a great EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 23 council of French and Indians, held in 1671, at the foot of Lake Superior, this name first appeared in 1671. Chicago ap- peared as"Chicagon" upon a map pub- lished in Quebec, Canada, in 1683. Fort Dearborn was built by the U. S. upon the present site of Chicago in 1804. Chi- cargo was laid out and building lots sold in 1829. Cincinnati, O.. was settled Dec. 24, 1788, by emigrants from Springfield, N. 1 Mathias Den man bought the site at 5 shillings per acre, continental currency. Delaivai'e and I*ennsiflvania were settled by Swedes and Fins in 1627. "^Villiam Penn landed at New Castle, on the Delaware, Oct. 27, 16S2. Detroit was founded July 24, 1701, by De la Motte Cadilliac, who named the post Fort Ponchartrain. Dismal Swamp was surveyed in 1728 by Col. William Byrd. It lies partly in head of Appalachee Bay, where they re- mained for tlie winter. De Soto's expe- dition pushed forward in 1540 m the country northwest of the present limits of Florida. They were resisted by the Indians and lost 18 men and all their bag- gage. Vhey camped for the winter in Northern ^Iississippi. Florida Colonization.— In 1558 an expedition of 1,500 soldiers sailed from Vera Cruz, Mexico, under Tristan de Luna to explore and colonize Florida. A great storm broke up their ships after they landed. For lack of supplies the colony dwindled away and the survivors were taken home in a year or two by a vessel sent from Mexico. Hngenots Settle in Florida.— Two vessels left Havre Feb. 18, 1562, un- der command of Jean Ribaut with a com- pany of emigrants. They landed at St. John's River May i, 1562. Called it the WALTER J. JOHNSON, Dealer in NEW YORK ^ • n T^ • • Pi^ Baking; Company, Groceries & Provisions, ^ ^ Cor. FIFTH & LAMOKIN STS.. SOUTH CHESTER, PA. WHINERY BROS. 75^5 SOUTH NINTH ST. PHILADELPHIA. F. J. CALLAHAN, Cabinet Makers & Upholsterers, wiNES & LIQUORS, 1440 Noilh Teiitli St., Philadelphia. ^^ ^ iladelpl FINE PARLOR FURNITURE. Upholstering in .t11 il? branches. Prices moderate. 6". IV. Cor. Si.vtii and Tasker Sts. PHILADELPHIA. the religious views of Mrs. his sister-in-law, upon land the Indians at the falls of Virginia and partly in North Carolina. Exeter, X. H., was founded in 1683 by Rev. Mr. Wheelwright, who was ban- ished from Massachusetts for his sym- pathy with Hutchinson bought by Swamscot. Florida. — In 1528 Pamphilo de Nar- vaez landed with 300 men, 80 of them horsemen, with the intention of con- quest. They wandered Soo miles and reached the Bay of Pensacola. They made boats, embarked, and were lost. Four only of the expedition survived to reach Mexico in 1536. Hernando de Soto, former governor of Cuba, made an expedition to Florida, and reached Tampa Bay May 30, 1539, with 9 vessels, 600 men, a herd of swine and ample supplies. They toiled west- ward across the country and reached the river of May, erected a stone pillar bear- ing the arms of France, then sailed north- ward. French Colony, in three vessels, settled on the River of May in 1564 and began a fort which they named "Caro- line." Scarcity of food led some of them to turn pirates. Pedro I\Ienendez de Aviles, a Spaniard, fitted out an expedi- tion to destroy the French colony, ar- rived on the coast of Florida Sept. 8, 1565- Fort Caroline received ample sup- plies and reinforcements of 300 men Aug. 24, 1565, by Jean Ribaut. Massacre at Fort Caroline, Sept. 20, 1565. — Menendez marched across from St. Augustine, fell upon the French at Fort Caroline and murdered them. Ribaut had, meantime, sailed to attack St. Augustine, but was shipwrecked on 24 EARLY SETTLEMENTS. the coast. Menendez murdered the most of them in cold blood. Gcoi'ffid. — New Inverness, Ga., was settled in 1736 by a colony of Scotch Highlanders. Jlai'tf'orresent(ttire Assetnhly was held in Maryland in 1636. Lord Baltimore nor and assistants, and to send them sealed up by the hand of their deputies. Connecticut, in a convention of the towns, Jan, 14, 1639, adopted a written constitution based on that of Massachu- setts, except that residents of accepta- ble character might be admitted freemen though not church members. Legisla- tive power was vested in a governor and assistants, with a house of deputies, who were to sit by themselves, chosen by the towns, constituting a general court. ^'ew Haven Colony held an assem- bly in Mr. Robert Newman's barn June 4, 1639, to complete their political or- ganization. 3Iaiyland Statutes were enacted and a "House of Assembly" established at a third general assembly held in Feb. 1639, Lord Baltimore having yielded the disputed point of the initiative. Depu- ties were to be elected by the people. A JOHN S. BAKER, 35.58 Oermantown Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. Sas Fiztures FumisJied and Kenewed. Drain Pipe Laid, Jobbing and orders by mail promptly attended to. WM. S. DODD, CARPENTER AND JOINER SSOP, MODEL AND PATTERN MAKING, 148 BREAD Street, tslow Eace, and atove Second, PH1LADEF,PHIA, PA. All Jobs promptly attended to, and orders by mail will receive prompt attention, S. W. BLACK, CARR AG[ & WAGOI eU [0[R, No. 16 Otto Street, JOHN C. HICCINS, CARRIAGE ^^ WAGON Painter, 15 Otto Street, BRISTOL, PA. declared the laws enacted void, claiming the right to himself initiate legislation. Two years later he withdrew this claim. -Massaclnifiett.s^ Town Goverii- nients were made legal and their pow- ers defined by an act passed March 3, T636, by the general court of the prov- ince. Jiifjht to Tax.— In 1636 the Plymouth colony declared that no taxes should be levied but by the consent of the freemen of the colony in public assembly. Code of La trs.— Oct. 4, 1636, Ply- mouth colony chose a committee to codify its statutes, of which there were about 60. Local Elections in 3rassacJii!- seffs. — In 1637 a law was passed by the general court dispensing with the attend- ance of all the freemen at the Court of Elections, and allowing them to give their votes in their own towns for gover- water mill was provided for at public ex- pense, and for every acre of tobacco planters were required to plant two acres of corn, ''Body ofUherties." a curious code prepared chiefly by Rev. Nathaniel Ward, of Ipswich, Mass., was adopted as its constitution by the colony of Rlas- sachusetts in Dec. 1641. There were 100 enactments, some of which may now be found embodied in the U. S. constitu- tion. It forbade husbands to whip their wives, cruelty to animals, decreed capi- tal punishment for idolatry, witchcraft and blasphemy, prohibited slavery ex- cept upon certain conditions, and pro- vided that there should be no monopo- lies but of new inventions, and that for a short time only. Colonial Leag^ie was formed May 19, 1643, by ]\Iassachusetts Bay, Ply- mouth, New Haven and Connecticut ADVERTISEMENTS. Telephone Connections. ISAAC C. STEINROCK, Prop. Livery and Exchange in Rear. MAIN STKKKT, BIRDSBORO, PA COLEMAN PRINTING HOUSE, 30 NORTf^ SIXTH STREET, Opposite Court House, Telephone Connections. READING, PA. Mutual Fire Insurance Co., of Reading, Pa INCORPORATED, April 14th, 1870. Purely Mutual, no Contested Claims or Assessments since Incorporated G. I>. STITZEt, President. L. J. SMITH, W. I. CLOUS, A. MBLLERT, G. jr. WILtSON, Treasurer. DIRECTORS. C. H. SCHAEPFER, L. C^UIER, JAS. T. REBER, M, MENGLE. P. M. ERMKNTBOUT, Secretary. D. SIIAABER, D. F. REINERT, J. JAMESON, BOS CovLrt St., I^eaaing-, ^>a,. Lehigh Valley Cornice Works. GALVANIZED IRON CORNICE Ooor @ Wiodow Caps. TIN AND IKON ROOFING A SPECIALTY Work Done in any part of tlie United States. Satisfaction Guaranteed. JAS. P. KING, Prop. BROAD, COR. NEW ST., BETHLEHEM, PA ADVERTISEMENTS. A. DeWITT, Manufactnrer of and Dealer in Stoves, Tin and Sheet Iron Ware, HOT-AIR FURNACES, • REaiSTERS, DAMPERS, Sec. Parlor DouUe Heaters, Stoves and Ranges, TURNEO, PLAIN Q, E^NAIVIELED HOLLO\V=W' ARK Stove Repairs always on Hand. Dairy Fixtuvers, Plain and Japanned Tin- ware, Sausage Meat Cutters, Lard Presses, &c. Pumps and Puinp Trimmings, lianterns, Liamps, L.amp Bi-ackets, Liamp Fittings, &c. Also, Liead and Terra Cotta Water Pipe. Plumbing; Tin-Roofing, Spouting and Job Work, Promptly attended to in Town or Country. CHURCH. COR. PLUMB ALLEY. BIRDSBORO, PA- CHARLES BEIDLER, Manufacturer of Agricultural Implements, Mowers and Eeapers, Plows and Cultivators, &c. WASHINO MACHINES No. and Date of Patents. 232.232 Sept. 14th, 1880. 279.261 June 19th, 1883. Plows, 261.986 Aug. 1882. REFER TO FILES PATENT OFFICE, 2S6 E. i3:.A-iviini.a?oisr ex., -A^LLETsTTO-wnsr, jpj^. Grind Your Own Bone Meal, Oyster SUells »iid Corn in the $5 Hantl Mill (F. Wilson's I'at.) Circulars Free. Address, WILSON BROS., Easton, Pa. POWER MILLS For Urindiiiii ^Vct. (irccn, (ircas.v or Dry Bones, Fisll, &C. I'rites $fi0.00 to $.-$50.00 E-A-SXOTsT, I^-A.. POLITICAL ACTION OF THE COLONIES. 31^ colonies, under the name of "The United Colonies of New England," for mutual protection against the Dutch and Indians. Runaway slaves and criminals were to be surrendered, an assembly composed of two commissioners from each colony was to be held. Two Legislatii'e Branches of the General Court were instituted in Massa- chusetts in 1644. Stray swine had occa- sioned lawsuits and difficulties of several years standing, which finally culminated in this important political change, which was made in order that each branch might possess a negative vote on the other. Religions Tolerance, — In May, 1647, the Providence Colony was organized under its charter. The government was declared to be "democratical." Free- dom of faith and worship was assured to all — the first formal and legal establish- ment of religious liberty ever made. Pro2>et'tif Onalification for Vo- ters was established in Connecticut in 1683. Each voter must possess an es- tate worth ;^2o, beside certain personal property, "'Charter of Liberties" was adopted by a representative assembly called in 1663 by the Governor of New York. It gave the right of suffrage and of trial by jury, but the king annulled it. New Haven and Connecticut were united into one colony in 1665. Naturalization Act. — Maryland passed the first act in 1666 for the natu- ralization of aliens, the first of the kind in the colonies. Revolution in Netv Yorlx. — In June» 1689, a militia captain, Jacob Leisler, took advantage of the situation, pro- claimed the new king, and, by aid of the troops, seized the government of the city, which he held for 18 months. The city being weakly garrisoned was taken by the Dutch July 30, 1673. American Conf/ress. — The first ever called was by Gov. Leisler at New York in May, 1690, to unite in a defence of the colonies. It was determined to attempt the conquest of Canada and Acadia. J- H- JENKINS, DEALEK IN AMERICANi FOREIGN COINS POSTAGE STAMPS, INDIAN RELICS, Old Books, Oil Paintings, and other Works of Art. Parties having valuable Collections in our line for disposal will do well to apply to us, and we will take them at fair rates or on commission. 832 WALNUT STREET, PHILADELPHrA. PA. A. H. BOVv^ER, ROOFING SL^TE OF 4LL COLORS CONSTpTLY ON HpD. WORK DONE IN ANY PART OF THE STATE. Black-Boards, Tinned Nails, Rooting Felt, Carpet Lining, and Building Papers. Slating Nails of Copper, Brass, Tinned, Lead and Plain Iron, etc. Slate Putty in Small or Large Quantities. The Above Furnished or Work Done on Short Notice. All Work Guaranteed. 119 South Fifth Street, LEBANON, PA 32 CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. F'irsf CoiiffnenfffJ Congress assem- bled Sept. 5, 1774, in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia. There were 53 delegates from all the colonies except Georgia. Peyton Randolph, of Virginia, was elected President, and Charles Thomp- son, of Philadelphia, Secretary. Patrick Henry made the opening speech. Second Couthietttal Cont/ress met at Philadelphia May 10, 1775, ^r"i voted to raise 20,000 men. The formation of a federal nnion was initiated, also steps taken to organize an army and navy. A petition to "the king was prepared. 3Iassa eh u setts Prorineial Con- gress was first organized Oct. 5, 1774. by members of the General Court, which Gov. Gage had convened, anri then dis- solved for fear of its patriotic action. political connection between them and the state of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved; that it is expedi- ent forthwith to take the most effectual measures for forming foreign alliances; that a plan of confederation be prepared and transmitted to the respective colo- nies for their consideration and approba- tion." They were seconded by John Adams, of Massachusetts. Hichard Henry Lee's Hesotn- tfons were passed in Congress July 2, 1776, by the vote of 12 colonies, New York delegates not voting. Deelaratioti of Indeitendenee adopted by Congress July 4, 1776. Thos. Jefferson was its author and John Adams its champion. Its passage was welcomed by ringing the State house bell and the enthusiastic joy of the citizens. A. P. ZEBLEY, Contractor, Carpenter & Builder. ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO 801 NOBLE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. A Declaration of Tiiqhts was pass- ed by Congress Oct. 14, 1774. l^eclaration. <>/' Independence by Rhode Island. May 4, 1776, the Assem- bly passed an act declaring the province free from the crown of Great Britain. The First Conf/ress Adjourned October 26, 1774, to meet May 10, 1775. It had adopted an "Address to the peo- ple of Great Britain," a "Petition to the King," besides other papers. iieonje Wastiinffton Ejected Comma nder-in-Chief of the Ameri- can forces by Continental Congress June 15. 1775- Fantoifs Hesolntions of Bidtard Hen r If Lee. of X'lrg'in'ia, were read in Congress Jime 7, 1776. They were "That these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegi- ance to the British crown, and that all Homestead Act. — Sept. 16, 1776, Congress promised grants of land to those who remained in the army until the end of the war. Congress Adjourned to Balti- more December 12, 1776, because of the approach of the two armies across New Jersey, Beorganization of the Arm g was entrusted to Washington December 27, 1776, by Congress. The funds being nearly e.xhausted Robert Morris, of Philadelphia, sent 410 Spanish dollars to Washington. Declaration of Indejtendencehg Vermont was made in convention Jan. 15. 1777- The authority of New York and of any other power or government was denied. Stars and Stripes. — ^June 14, 1777, Congress resolved "That the flag of the 13 United States be 13 stripes, allcrnate UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 33 red and white; that tlie Union be 13 stars, white on a blue field, representing a new constellation." The stars formed a circle at first, but the great increase of states compelled a change. Paul Jones first unfurled this flag on the "Ranger." Congress Ailjoiirned to Lancaster and thence to York, Pa. , Sep. 30, 1777, af- ter Howe entered Philadelphia. Contin- ued to meet at York til! Howe left Phila. Continental Congress in 1777 re- turned from Baltimore to Philadelphia. Congress Created a, Board of TTVri" October, 1777, making Gen. Gates President. He was popular because of Burgoyne's surrender Washington wrote to Patrick Henry: "If the cause be advanced, it is indifferent to me when or in what quarter it happens." Artietes of Confederation lor a closer union between the colonies were adopted by Congress on November 15, 1777. A national union was a neces- sity, but the jealousies of the difierent states made them cautious in entrusting power to a central government. These "articles" merely established a league of states, without essential power. Con- gress could not raise taxes, and the national credit immediately declined. Tlie provincial assemblies ratified the articles, some of them after much delay. England Attempts to Treat for 'Peace, June 4, 1778. Lord North's 3 Peace Commissioners arrived in Phila- delphia. Having no authority to recog- nize the independence of the United States, or to order the removal of the army from America, Congress refused to hold any intercourse with them till these things were agreed upon. Continental Congress Elected John Jay, LL. D., President, Dec. 10, 1778, vice Henry Laurens, resigned. INDUSTRY STOVE WORKS. D. H. ERDMAN, 30 Market Street, Camden, N. J. If you want a first-class Heater, try our GIANT. It is the most powerful, durable and economical Heater in the market — over one thousand in use. We also have it arranged especially for Church Basements, with a patent Safety Base. ROBT. J. McClelland, 1701 N. Front St., Philadelphia. — ALSO OF — The Ocean Hall, Atlantic City, N. J. Foreign and Domestic Wines and Liquors of the Finest Brands. KAIOHiy*S POINT STOVE ^VORKS. KLOSTERMANN BROS.. TIN ROOFERS, Manufacturers of and Dealers in STOVES, HEATERS AND RANGES, No. 122 Zaighn's Avenue, CamdeB, N. J. Spouting, Steamboat and Mill Work. Refrig- erators and Bath Tubs Relined. Galvanized Iron Awnings put up at Short Notice. Jobbing Promptly Attended to. Telephone No. 194. S. S. E. COWPERTHWAn\ L.A.nDIES' ■FAJSICD'^ O-OOXJS, 221 Federal Street, Oamder, N- J. New Home Sewing Machines, Berlin Zephyr Worsted, R. J. Roberts' Scissors, Machine Needles, Cotton and Oil. Humphrey's Homeopathic Specifics, Methodist Hymnals, etc. Full Assortment of Mrae. Demorest's Reliable Patterns. UNITED STATES Federal TJnion Consummated on March i, 1781, by the ratification of the articles of confederation by Maryland. Up to this time Congress had governed through its committees. Project to Make Washington King, by the aid of the army, was crushed by his peremptory refusal, May, 1782. Great Seal of the United States Adopted June 20, 1782. It was de- signed by Sir John Prestwitch, an Eng- lish antiquary, and consists of " a spread eagle bearing on its breast our national shield, in its beak a scroll with the words E. Pluribus Unum; in its right talon an olive branch, a symbol of peace; in its left a bundle of 13 arrows, a sym- bol of the United States and of war; the crest, a glory breaking through a cloud GOVERNMENT. and surrounding a cluster of stars, form- ing a constellation." Congress Elected Tliomas Mifflin of Pennsylvania, President, to succeed Elias Boudinot, Nov. 3, 1783. Congress Elected as its Presi- dent Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, November 30, 1784, to succeed Thomas Mifflin. Algiers Declared War iritJi the TT. S., 1 785. — Congress advised build- ing five 40-gun war vessels, but had no power, hence the depredations contin- ued. Congress Elected, as its Presi- dent June 6, 1786, Nathaniel Gorham, of Massachusetts, in place of John Hancock, who had been elected to suc- ceed Richard Henry Lee, but was pre- vented by illness from serving. Daniel 34 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. Ramsey, of S. C, was elected pro tem. Annapolis Conrention, held Sept, 17S6, Delegates from New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Vir- ginia assembled to devise plans for uni- formity in the commercial relations of the states. They voted to advise Con- gress to call a convenrion to revise the Articles of Confederation. Constififtioiiffl Con rent ion met at Independence Hall, Philadelphia, May 34, 1787, to revise the "Articles of Con federation." All the states but Rhode Island were represented. Geo. Washing- ton was president and William Jackson, secretary. Congress Elected Arthur St. Clair as its president February 2, 1787, to succeed Nathaniel Gorham. Congress called a convention Feb. 12, 1787, to revise the "Articles of Con- federation." 17SS; Connecticut, January 9, 1788; Mas- sachusetts, Feb. 7, 1788. ^iaryland, April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, June 21, 178S; Virginia, June 26, 1788; New York, July 26, 1788; North Carolina, Nov. 21, 1789; Rhode Ist land, May 29, 1790. Congress Elected Cyrus Griffin, of Virginia, its president, to succeed Arthur St. Clair, June 22, 1788, Congress Decided. July 14, 1788, to carry the new government into effect over those states that had not ratified the constitution. The new Congress was to open its session March 4, 1789, in New York. The choice of electors was to be made the first Wednesday in January, and the electors were to vote ior Presi- dent and Vice-President on the first Wednesday in February, 1789. Presidential Electors were first chosen Jan., 1789, by state legislatures. BURKHARDT'S RELIABLE REMEDIES. "Burkhardt's Dime Cough Syrup.'' — Guaranteed to be the best Cough Syrup in the market. "Burkhardt's Dime Pills" (for dyspepsia). — Warranted to be equal to any, and supe- rior to many 25 cent pills. "Burkhardt's Circus Oil" — The great rubbing stuff for man or beast. 25 cts. a bottle. "Burkhardt's Castoria," for Diarrho-a, &c. 25 cents a bottle. W.IK. & C. D. FISHER, sole Wholesale Agents, 1212 Locust Street, Camden, N.J. The above remedies are A, No. i, and will be sent post paid to any address on receipt of price The money will be refunded if they do not give satisfaction. We offer e.xtra inducements to Druggists' and Grocers. Wholesale price list mailed on application. FISHER &, BRO. book: jf^isTJD JOB i»misrTEi^s, 252 Kaighn's Avenue, Camden, N. J. Our prices are always as low as are consistent with good work. Constitutional conrention placed all plans for revising the "Articles of Confederation" in tlie hands of a com- mittee composed of Madison, Hamilton, King; Johnson and Gov. Morris, Sept. 10, 1787. Constitution oft^ie Vnited States framed by the committee was adopted and signed by all but 16 members Sept. 17, 1787. It was agreed, in estimating the basis of representation, to count 500 slaves equal to 300 whites, which is the famous "three-fifths rule." The conven- tion voted that Congress should have power to abolish slavery 20 years after the adoption of the constitution. New Constitution was sent out by Congress to the states for ratification Sept. 28, 1787, which was done by them in the following order: Delaware, Dec. 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, Dec. 12, 1787; New Jersey, Dec. 18, 17S7; Georgia, January 2, The First Electoral College met and voted for President and Vice-Presi* dent February, 1789. Each elector voted for two persons, and the one receiving the highest vote of all was pronounced President, and the one receiving the next higliest vote Vice-President. Si.xty- nine votes were cast for Washington, he being the unanimous choice for the high- est office. John Adams received 34 votes and was elected Vice-President, the re- maining 35 votes having been cast for Jay, Hancock and others. Presidential Cabinet.— The first was formed in 17S9, composed of Alex- ander Hamilton, of New York, Secretary of the Treasury; General Henry Knox, of Massachusetts, Secretary of War- both Federalists— and; Thomas Jeffer- son, of Virginia. Secretary of State — a Democrat-Republican. The Xew Congress did not open UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 35 until April 6, 1789, no quorum of mem- bers having before arrived. Frederick A. Muhlenburg, of New York, was elected Speaker. Jiuiuy a ration of Georqe Woslt- higton, April 30, 1789, as President of the United States, in Federal Hall, New York. The oath of office was adminis- tered by Robert R. Livingston. Inaugu- ration day was one of great jubilee. State De2>ftrtiifrnt was organized July 27, 1789, with Thomas Jefferson as Secretary, under the name of Depart- ment of Foreign Affairs. Jf'ar Department was established August 7, 1789, with General Henry Knox, of Massachusetts, as secretary. It covered Army, Navy and Indian Af- fairs. Tveaaiiry Dejiarfment was estab- lished September 2, 1789, with Alexan- der Hamilton as Secretary. Ainettfftnenfs to the Constltvtton of U. S. — Congress declared ten amend- ments, which had been proposed the previous year, in force December 15, 1791. North Carolina and Rhode Island had refused to ratify as the constitution stood. KeutiicJtif was the fifteenth accession to the United States, June i, 1792. Fngitivesaud C'rimhials, in what- ever state found, were required to be surrendered by act of Congress February 12, 1793. This was applied to fugitive slaves, although there was trouble in ex- ecuting it. Stars and Sfi^rpes. — In 1794 Con- gress voted that the United States flag should consist of 15 stripes, alternate red and white, and 15 white stars on a blue field. A star and stripe were to be added for each new state. Embarf/o on American Ports was L. H. FOCHT, Contractor and Builder. Estimates, Drawing and Specifications furnished on application. Heavy and light work taken by con- tract or by the day. Best of workmen only employed. Book, Pamphlet, Fine Card and Job Printing. HOWARD D. COULD, No. 919 Lombard St., Philadelphia. Estimates cheerfully given. Moderate prices charged. W.S.PHILLIPS, Veleri^iary Surgeon, Office, Fourth Cor. Cherry Sts. Graduate of Boston Veter- inary School, i860. Em- ployed in Cavalry Bureau, Washington, D. 'C, 1864. ' 25 years constant practice. Good stabling for sick horses or cattle. READING, PA. SOCIETY, CLUB and FIREMEN'S BADGES AND MEDALS. Hotel, Baggage and Key Checks, and Metal Checks of all kinds.'' JAS. H. DOBBINS, No. 813 Arch St., Philadelphia. Judiciary of the U. S. was estab- lished by Congress September 24, 17S9. John Jay was appointed Chief Justice and Edmund Randolph Attorney Gen- eral. Capital of the TT. S. — ^July lo, 1790, Congress passed a bill making Philadel- phia the capital until 1800. After that date the President was authorized to se- lect some place on the Potomac. Naturalization Liaw passed March 24, 1790. Patent Hifjht Law. — The first in the United States passed April 15, 1790. Vermont was the fourteenth state to take its place in the Union, ]\Iarch 4th, 1791. Internal Retfenue. — Congress taxed domestic distilled spirits in 1791. It aroused immediate opposition in certain quarters, and was the origin of the "Whisky War" in Pennsylvania in 1794. voted INIarch 26, 1794, for 60 days, in or- der to prevent the British in the West Indies from securing provisions. This was in retaliation for their "Order in Council," authorizing the seizure of ves- sels laden with supplies for French colo- nies. Tennessee was admitted to the Union June I, 1796, being the sixteenth state. "A'. Y. Z." 3Iission.— Oct., 1797, C. C. Pinckney, John Marshal and Elbridge Berry were sent to France to negotiate peace. It was fruitless, as the French government demanded large sums of money as a condition of reception. The letters containing suggestions concern- ing these bribes were signed "X. Y. Z.," hence the name was applied to the mis- sion. To them Pinckney replied "Mil- lions for defence, but not one cent for tribute." Eleventh Amendment to the U. S, 36 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. Constitution was declared in force Jan- uary 8, 1798. It makes it impossible for a suit to be brougiit against a state in the United States court, which enables states to repudiate debts. Alien, (did Sedif ion, La ws passed by Congress July, 1798. The first em- powered the President to arrest and send any foreigner out of the country, and the latter imposed fines and imprisonment upon any who should aid or abet resist- ance to the United States government. These laws were unpopular and led to the final overthrow of the Federalists. Coiiff ressional Tiihrnrii. — An ap- propriation of $5,000 was made for it April 24, 1800. Sedition Laiv expired by limitation and the Alien law was modified in 1801. Presidential 3Iessafj€ from Presi- dent Jefferson to Congress in Dec, 1801, was the first written message, his prede- Jjonisiann was the eighteenth state admitted into the Union April 30, 1812. Indiana was the nineteenth state to be received into the Union, December II, 1816. Stai's and Stripes. — April 4, 1818, Congress enacted that the stripes on the United States flag sliould be permanently reduced to 13, and that a new star should be added to the field whenever a state was admitted to the Union. > Illinois was tlie twenty-first state ad- mitted to the Union December 3, 1818. Alabama was the twenty-second state admitted into the Union Decemb«;r 14, 1819. Maine was the twenty-third state ad- mitted to the American Union March 15, 1S20. Roger Urook Taney, of Maryland, was confirmed as Chief Justice of the United States by Congress, March, 1836. DR. THOMAS CLEDHILL, 632 North 10th Street, Philadelphia. Fine Artificial Teeth inserted on Gold, Silver, Rubber and Celluloid. Filling and treating Teeth a specialty. Gas carefully administered for the painless extraction of Teeth. All work warranted. Charges moderate. Dr. THOMAS GLEDHILL, 632 N. Tenth Street, Philadelphia. cessors having delivered theirs in person. Tivelfth Constitutional Amend- ment declared in force September 25, 1804. By it the votes are cast for Presi- dent and Vice-President respectively. English Vessels of war were or- dered, July 2, 1807, by proclamation of the President, to leave all waters and ports of the United States until satisfac- tion was given for the outrage on the Chesapeake. Enibai'fio Sill passed Congress on Dec'r 27, 1807. It detained all vessels, American and foreign, in our ports, and ordered American vessels home imme- diately that the seaman might be trained for war. Emhargo Hepealed March 4, 1809, except as to France and England, with the hitter of whom no intercourse was to be permitted until her obnoxious decrees were repealed. Arkansas was the twenty-fifth state admitted into the Union June 15, 1836. Patent Itight Com missioner was created under a law of Congress passed July, 1836. Michigan was the twenty-sixth state admitted to the Union January 26, 1837. Depat'tment of Agriculture. — In 1839 Congress appropriated $1,000 for the collation of agricultural statistics. It was led to this by the large importation of breadstufis into the United States. Yearly and increasing appropriations followed until the above department was organized in 1862 and $60,000 was appro- priated. Sub-Treasury of XT. S. instituted by law. July 4, 1840. By this act an inde- pendent treasury was established for pub- lic funds, thus keeping them out of banks. Right of Petition. — In 1842 a fierce contest occurred in the United Stat.es UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 37 House of Representatives over the pre- sentation of petitions by Joiin Ouincy Adams. For several years petitions re- lating to slavery had been excluded. "The Old Man Eloquent" contended, in the face of a hostile House, almost sin- gle-handed, for the right to petition, for eleven days, and finally conquered. Texas was the twenty-eighth state admitted to the Union, December 29, 1S45. It added 247,356 square miles of territory and 17,500,000 of debt to the United States. loivd was the twenty-ninth state ad- mitted to the Union December 28, 1S46. Wisconsin was the thirtieth state ad- mitted to the Union May 29, 1848. Interior Ueparfinent was organ- ized March 3, 1849, by Congress. Thos. Ewing, of Ohio, was appointed Secre- tary. Indian affairs were transferred to this from the War Department. ing the Lecompton pro-slavery constitu- tion by a vote of the people. JlrtiHesofa was the thirty-second state admitted to the Union, May 11, 1858. Oreffon, the thirty-third state, was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859. Kansas was admitted to the Union January 29, 1861, as the thirty-fourth state. Senators Expelled. — United States Senate e.xpelled ten of its members July II, 1861, and on the 13th the House ex- pelled John B. Clark, of Missouri. Iron Clad Oafli.—ln July, 1S62, Congress adopted the oath to be taken by all officers of the United States gov- ernment. ff'est Virf/inia was admitted into Union June 20th, 1863, as the thirty-fifth state. AGENTS WANTED. JLTEMT yi^OTliES Limb C I^JiMFi XHE BEST insr THE lvr-A-I^K:ET_ NO KNOTXINO OR TYINO. The Longest Line Adjusted in two Minutes. THE BEST SELLING HOUSEHOLD ARTICLE ON THE MARKET. FULIv SET, 50 CENTS. Send for Circular Giving- Full Particulars of Our Fast Selling- Specialties. WESTON & CO., SIS AA7-.A.iL]NrTJT ST., :e>i3:il.a.3deli=I3:i-a., :e*j^. Fugitive Slave Lata was enacted by Congress September, 1850. This was the most obnoxious feature to the north- ern states in Henry Clay's "Omnibus bill." It also provided for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, the admission of California as a free state, the future formation of four new states out of Texas, with or without slavery, and the orj^anization of New Mexico and Utah into territories. California was admitted to the Union as the thirty-first state September 9, 1850. House of Hepresenta fives expelled four of its members February. 19, 1S57, for corupt conduct. They were from New York and Connecticut. Kansas. — Congress by vote April 30, 1858, ofTered to admit Kansas to the Union and donate to it valuable public lands, upon the condition of its adopt- Importaat Acts of Congress. — At the session ending July 2, 1864;^ the Fugitive Slave Law was repealed, an in- come tax of 5% on incomes over |;6oo enacted, also an internal revenue law and a national bank law. Tlie Thirteenth Amendment to the constitution passed Congress Jan- uary 31, 1865. It forbade slavery on any soil of the United States. This amend- ment being ratified by three-fourths of the states was officially declared by Sec- retary Stewart to be part of the Consti- tution of the United .States December 18, 1865. Civil Mights Bill was passed by Congress April 9, 1866, over President Johnson's veto. It made freedmen citi- zens of the United States and gave them powers of legal resort if their rights were infringed. Fourteenth Amendment, incorpo- 38 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. rating the Civil Rights Rill into the Con- stitution of the United States was passed by Congress June 13th, 1866, in opposi- tion to the President. It was ratified by the necessary number of states and be- came part of the Constitution Julv aSth, 1868. Xehrasha was admitted as the 37th state into the Union March i, 1867. The '"'3111 itfiry Govcminent" and " Tenure-of-Office " bills were passed by Congress over President Johnson's vetos, ]\Iarch 2, 1S67. National Oblif/afions to be paid in coin, in accordance with an act of Congress passed March, 1869. Unifefl States Weather Sureaa in the signal service was established by Congress, February 9, 1870. General Albert J. Myer, popularly known as "Old Probabilities," was made its chief. Fifteen til. Amendment passed by Congress February 26, 1869, was ratified by three-fourths of the states and de- clared part of the Constitution of the U. S. March 30, 1870. It guaranteed right of suffrage to all citizens of the United States regardless of race, color, or pre- vious condition of servitude. This amendment was officially declared to have been ratified Maich 30, 1870. lyepat'tment of J'nstiee, with the United States Attorney General at the head, who also became a member of the President's cabinet, was established by Congress June 22, 1870. Income Tax was repealed by Con- gress January 26, 1871, Ku-Kluoc Bill. — A bill for the en- forcement of the Sixteenth Amendment was passed April 20, 1871, by Congress, which was popularly known by this title. Weather Bureau of U. S. was au- thorized by act of Congress June 10, 1872, to increase its stations and publish reports for the special benefit of the commercial and agri^ ^Itural interests of the country. Bankrupt Law was repealed by the United States House of Representa- tives December 16, 1873. Petisions. — An appropriation of $29,- 533,500 was made by Congress January 14, 1876. Colorado was, on August i, 1876, admitted as the thirty-eighth state into the Union. Besumption of Specie Paytnent by the United States upon first January, 1879, was provided for by Senator Sher- man's bill passed by Congress and signed by the President in December, 1874. TEETH! TEETH! Full Sets from S3 up. STANDARD SETS, $5. Temporary Sets Free, Teeth G-iven On Trial, Easy Payments, Repairing, Filling, &c. DR. BURCHELL, 334 SOUTH FIFTH and 835 SOUTH THIRD ST., Philadelphia. Physicians in attendance. Advice Free. I. U. CASSBL, -u.±lcl. ►^WHEELWRIGHT IN GENERALr^ REPAIRING PROMPTLY AND NEATLY EXECUTED. 346 East Main Street NORRISTOWN, PA. BRITISH OPPRESSION OF THE COLONIES 39 BRITISH OPPRESSION OF THE COLONIES. J'ainestoim Ruled 6?/ Martial i«*r. May lo, 1611. Sir Thomas Dale arrived with suppHes, assuming charge of the colony, administering both church and state by his severe rule. Exports of Tobacco and other colo- nial productions to any foreign port, "un- til they were first landed in England and the customs paid," wereforbiden by de- cree of the English government in 1621. Parliament in 1650 declared Virgi- nia and the West India colonies, which refused to acknowledge the Common- wealth, in rebellion, prohibited trade with them and sent an armed force against them. Tfufiikfiflness for Iffnoranre. — In 1670 Governor Sir William Berkeley, of Virginia, in his report to the commis- sioners of the colony, wrote: "I thank emnize marriage, that the episcopacy should be established, and that no print- ing press should be used. IVilliain. of Orange having landed in England in 1689, the colonists seized and imprisoned Andros and in July sent him a prisoner to England. Francis Nirholsou was appointed Governor of Virginia in 1690. Governorship of New York. — William III. having, in 1691, appointed Colonel Henry Sloughter to this posi- tion, there was a conflict of authority between him and the incumbent Leisler. Leislerand his son-in-law Milhorne were arrested, tried and executed for treason. Governor Sloughter was drunk when he signed their death warrant. "3Iast Trees.'' — The new charter of New England of 1692 imposed a fine of Erie Medical ui Surgical Institute. DR, CADWJIL'S BEKB B1IIER5. Ladies are provided with the comforts of home during continement. Strictly private. Gentlemen are boarded (in separate homse), treated and cured of all private diseases. Strictly private. Address Dr. J. EASTON, President, Erie Medical and Surgical Institute. ERIE, PA. JOHN R. HART, V. S- Veterinary Medicines Constantly on Hand 2573 AMBER STREET. Old Number 2373 Above Frankford Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. The cars of the Second and Third White and Green Line pass and repass every few minutes. Cures Dyspepsia, Impurities of the Blood, Liver and Kidney Diseases, Fever and Ague. George Winters Sole Manufacturer and Proprietor, also Wholesale Dealer in Liquors. 109 South Second Street, HARRISBURG, PA. JOHN A. KRAMER, Sanitary Plumber and G-as Fitter. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Plumber's Sup- plies, Gas Fixtures, Hydraulic Rams, Hydrants, Terra Cotta Drain and Sewer Pipe Wholesale and Retail. Hotel Sanitary Plumbing a Specialty. Everything Appertaining to the Trade Constantly on Hand. All Work Promptly Attended to. 712 N. Third St., HARRISBURG, PA. God there are no free schools nor print- ing, and I hope we shall not have these hundred years, for learning has brought disobedience into the world, and print- ing has divulged them and libels against the best governments. God keep us from both." Taoc Collectors. — In 1679 Edward Randolph was made collector and sur- veyor of all New England by the Kmg, with power to appoint deputies. They were persistently opposed, Randolph being at one time imprisoned by the colonies, and finally ceased to comply strictly with the laws, which gradually fell into disuse, until after the French and Indian wars, when their revival caused the revolution. Andros Arrived (tt 'Boston Dec. 19, 1686, and created immediate trouble by taxation, by ordering that only a Church of England minister should sol- ^100 for cutting pine trees in the forests which were more than two feet in diame- ter at a foot above ground, they being reserved for masts for the royal navy. A " Surveyor General of the King's Woods" was appointed to stamp a broad arrow upon them. It enraged the lumbermen, who had built up a trade in spars with the French and Spanish islands, to find the "broad arrow" stamped on their best trees, and shook their belief in the justice of the King's prerogative. Board of Trade was established in England in 1696. It was to have a general oversight of colonial affairs and to enforce the laws of trade and the Navigation arts. This Board's acts helped to bring on the revolution. The Independent Spirit of the Colonies was made the subject of a mem- orial to the English government in 1703 40 BRITISH OPPRESSION OF THE COLONIES. by Quarry, who recommended that it be "checked in time." Lord Coi'ubiii'y was Governor of New York from 1702 to 1708. He was a profligate, and sometimes appeared in pubhc dressed as a woman. ShigiiUir Subject for a Sermon. — In 1719 Dr. Coleman preached a sermon upon the "reasons for a market in Bos- ton." The press was under censorship, and a license was required for every pamphlet issued. Therefore the pulpit was the only place left for the free ex- pression of views on public matters. Forest Tree Strife still continued in New Eng-land in 1722. Government had for thirty years confiscated the best trees, for which the colonists vainly de- manded compensation. They were for- bidden to sell timber to Spain and Por- tugal. Royal authority was losing its power in New England. Freedom of the Press Vindi- cated in New York November 17, 1734) by the acquittal of John Peter Zenger, publisher of the " New York Weekly Journal," after a long trial and imprisonment for defending popular rights against the crown, caused great rejoicing and inspired the colonists with a fresh spirit of opposition to parlia- mentary restrictions. Impressment in Hoston. — In Nov. 1747, Commodore Knowles, comman- der of the English squadron in the har- bor, seized several men for his fleet. A mob of several thousands demanded re-, dress from the Governor. The excite- ment increased for two or three days, when, fearing the consequences, the men were released. American Iron 3Iann factories, such as rolling mills, plating forges and furnaces, were declared ".com- DOMESTIC PRA.CTTCE, THE GREAT BOOK OF THE AGE. The only Work Published in America on the Origin, Cure and Destruction of Disease Germs. It should be read by everybody for instruction. By fathers and mothers on the origin of life, and by the afflicted for relief. It has elaborate articles on all diseases, and contains 500 Recipes never before published which are of great value. It is a large volume of 912 pages. Price $4.00. No extra charge for postage. Can be had only of R. R. RUSSELL, 134 N. Seventh St, Philadelphia, Pa. American Comiyetition with Eng- lish manufactures was the subject of a report of the Board of Trade to the House of Commons in 1731. In it men- tion was made of the Massachusetts paper mill, which it was "feared would inter- fere with the profit made by British mer- chants on foreign paper sent thither," They were also alarmed by the shoe- makers who went Irom house to house making foot-wear for families. Exportation of hats from the Am- erican Colonies was forbidden by act of parliament in 1732. Neither could they be carried from one province to another. '' Molasses Act."' — In 1734, in order to compel the colonists to purchase their sugar, molasses and rum in the British West Indies, instead of from the British and Dutch West Indies, Parliament imposed a duty that was virtually pro- hibitory. mon nuisances," and a fine of $1,000 was imposed upon every one built in excess of those already in occupation, by an act of the British Parliament in 1750- Fennsf/Iraiiia Protests against British restrictions. — In February, 1757, Benjamin Franklin was appointed to " represent in England the unhappy state of that province, ' ' consequent upon the persistent etilbrts of the English gov- ernment to restrict popular rights. Urifish House of Commons, in 1.757' by formal resolution, denied the rights of tiie colonists to raise and ap- propriate money by their own acts alone. Writs of Assistance, or warrants, to search when and where they pleased for smuggled goods, were issued by the English government in 1761, in order to a more strict enforcement of the acts BRITISH OPPRESSION OF THE COLONIES. 41 of trade. They were so unpopular as to be seldom used. Massachusetts first resisted the enforcement of these acts, in a stirring speech delivered by James Otis. Writs of Assistance were war- rants issued by the Supreme Court, au- thorizing deputy collectors to search any place or building for the discovery of smuggled goods. It was conceded that the government had the right to issue a writ for the searching of a special build- ing named in the writ, but it was denied that writs could be lawfully issued to enable an officer of the law to search wherever he pleased. Writs were finally issued, but seldom, if ever, used. This was one of the first kicks of the colo- nies against British tyranny. Ta mpetHU g tvith th e Judiciary.— On December 9, 1761, the colonial gover- nors were forbid to issue judicial com- missions, e.xcept at the pleasure of the ment and signed by the King June 29th, 1767. This measure greatly excited the colonists, who had been quieted by the repeal of the stamp act. British Troops were ordered to Boston June 8th, 1768. The Boston pa- triots were deeply excited. The Gover- nor had dissolved the Legislature and refused to call another. The Ship of War Ronineif seizea the sloop Liberty, owned by John Han- cock, oii the loth of June, 1768, for an alleged violation of the revenue law. A great mass meeting was held at Fanieul Hall, and then at the Old South Church, where James Otis and others made elo- quent speeches. The agitation was in- tensified by the impressment of men for sailors and the bringing of soldiers to Boston by the officers of the Romney. British War Vessels on the Ameri- can coast were, in 1770, ordered to ren- HARRISBURG, PA. Architects. D. R. MILT^ER, Architect, Plans, Estimates and Specifications of all kinds of Buildings, including Cemetery work. 626 RACE STREET, HARRISBURG, PA. Aldermen. ALDERMAN, Justice of I he Peace &. Conveyancer, 135 SHORT ST., HARRISBURG, PA. ARCHITECTS. TRUST BUILDING, Room 22. Harrisburg, Pa. Attorneys at Law. JOHN A. SHEAEEE, Manager. G. W. VAN rOSSEN, Attorney, Mercantile Detective & Collecting As.so'n. TRUST BUILDING, Harrisburg, Pa. J. M. WIESTLING, ATTO R N EY- AT-LA W. 207 Walnut Street, Harrisburg, Pa. Barbers. Patton, Walter E., 945 Penna. Ave. Bakers and Confectioners. Hursh, Frank J., 213 Chestnut St. Morris, Samuel, 1116 Ridge St. Rhine Bros., 226 South St. King. This was considered an attempt to make judges subservient to the will of the King. Stdmp Act. — The famous stamp act was signed by the King March 22, 1765. It required all legal documents to be written o« stamped paper, to be bought only of the tax collectors — (the stamps cost from 3 cents to £6) — that every newspaper and pamphlet must bear a stamp costing one-half penny to four pence, and that each advertisement should pay two shillings duty. i Stamp Act BepealeO.—ln 1766 the stamp act was repealed, but Parliament claimed the right to exercise unlimited power over the colonies. In order to quarter troops in American cities the mutiny act was applied to America. A Duty on. glass, paper, painter's colors and tea imported into America was imposed by a bill passed by Parlia- dezvous in Boston harbor. Castle Wil- liam was ordered strengthened, greatly exciting the people. Libertij Bole Cut Botvu by British soldiers in New York, January 17, 1770. Great indignation meeting of citizens, who affirmed the riglits of the people in speeches and resolutions. Another lib- erty pole was speedily erected in another place. British Soldiers murdered a young man named Snider, in a quarrel with citizens in Boston, February 22, 1770. Gray's Bope Walk, Boston, vvas the scene of a fight between a soldier and a workman. The soldier and his fellows were beaten oft' by citizens, Mar. 2, 1770. Boston 3Iassacre, March 5th, 1770, a quarrel arose between soldiers and citizens near the old State House. The guard being called out to quiet the dis- 42 BRITISH OPPRESSION OF THE COLONIES. turbance fired, killing three and wound- ing eight. Crispur Attucks, a mulatto, was the first man killed. Captain Pres- ton and several soldiers were impris- oned, tried, and all acquitted but 2, who were convicted of manslaughter. Funeral Obsequies of four victims of Boston massacre held with great par- ade, March 8, 1770, amid tolling of bells and suspension of business. Ta.r on Tea of 3 per cent, was ad- hered to, all other taxes on imports to the colonies being repealed by Parlia- ment April 12, 1770. Lea U en Statue of Georfje III. set up in Bowling Green, New York, Aug., 1770. It had been ordered four years before, in honor of the repeal of the stamp act A marble statue of William Pitt was also set up in New York. -" Tea, Amounthtg to 17.000.000 pounds, was shut up in the East India Harrisburg, 'S^.— Contimied. Benefit Association. White, Harold -J., Supt., 7 N. Third St. Book Binders and Blank Book Manf rs. HARRY J. BERRIER, Book Binding, Buling and Blank Book Manufacturer, CUMBERLAND & FRONT STS., Harrisburg. Pa. F. L. H UTTER, Book Binder, Job Ruler, and Blank Book Manufac- turer. Blanks and books for country offices a specialty. Cor. THIRD & MARKET STS., Harrisburg, Pa. Book and Job Printer. Foucbt, M. A., Third, cor. Cumberland St obeyed. In New York a similar meet- ing was held with like results. In Charleston, S. C, tea was landed, but rotted in the cellars where it had been stored. Postmaster General Benjamin Franklin was depo.sed from his office, which he had held since 1753, by the English government Jan. 30, 1774. The Quebec Act, wliich was de- signed to prevent that province from joining with the other colonies, guaran- teed to the Roman Catholic Church the possession of its ample property and the free exercise of its religion, ap- proved by the King in 1774. Boston Port Bill passed March 7, 1774, ordering the port of Boston to be closed against all commercial transac- tions whatever, and the removal of the custom house, courts of justice and other public offices to Salem. Boots and Shoes. (Custom Work a Specialty.'' Bowman, Ileur}', 814 Market St. Groflf, W. K., 209 N. Second Street. Brooms, Whisks, &c., Manufacturers. Burkholdcr Bro., Fourth, cor. Sayford St. Reber, J. K., Ag't, Oor. Broad & Fulton St Carriage and Wagon Builders. OLIVER ATTICK. Carriage and Wagon Builder. All kinds of Jobbing and Carriage Smithing promptly done. Full satisfaction given. Eleventh Street, near Market, Harrisburg, Pa. -A.. B. Boisria:or.TZEi?,, Manufacturer of Carriages, Buggies, Market, Milk, and Baker's Wagons. Repairing a specialty. South Secoad and Indian Ave. Har:isburg, Pa. Company's warehouses because the Am- ericans would not buy. The British government decreed that it might be shipped to America without paying an export duty. They hoped that the low price at which it could now be sold would induce the colonists to pay the import duty, thus surrendering the prin- ciples for which they contended. Dur- ing the summer of 1775 several cargoes were shipped. Boston Tea Parti/.— December 16, 1773, after a mass-meeting in Fanieul Hall, about 50 men disguised as Indians boarded three tea vessels in the harbor, broke open the hatches and dumped 342 chests of tea into the water. Perfect order was maintained. The actors have never io a certainty been known. A Tea S/tip at Philadelphia was ordered to depart by a mass-meeting held December 26, 1773. The order was Charter of 3Iassachusetts violated by act of Parliament March 28, 1774. This bill gave to the crown the appoint- ment of counselors and judges of the Supreme Court. The appointment of all other officers, military, executive and judicial, was bestowed on the Governor independently of any approval by the council. Jurors could be* selected only by sheriffs. Town meetings were pro- hibited. Gen. Gar/e Appointed Governor. vice Hutchinson, removed, landed at Boston May 17, 1774. Troops were or- dered to follow him. He was instructed to arrest and send principal patriots to England. '' The Murder Act'' received the King's signature May 20, 1774. It pro- vided for the trial in England of all per- sons charged witii murders committed in support of the government. BRITISH OPPRESSION OF THE COLONIES. 43 Hoafoti Port Sill went into effect June I, 1774. The day was observed by a solemn fast. In depend en CO of the U. S. — Brit- ish Parliament passed a bill July, 1782, enabling the King to acknowledge the independence of the United State. Ameflc Salt and Syrup. Farmers' Produce a specialty. 439 BROAD ST., Harrisburg. Pa. "Caesar had hi.s Brutus, Charles the First his Cromwell, and George the Third—" "Treason! Treason!" shouted Mr. Speaker Robinson, and the cry was re-echoed from all parts of the House. Mr. Henry, undismayed, took advantage of a hush to add, "May profit by their example. If that be treason make the mos* ' 'f it!" The resolutions were adopted. The last one was, however, reconsidered and rejected in Mr. Hen- ry's absence the ne.xt day. Tliey were, however, published as originally offered, and their effect was potential in uniting the colonies. An American Congress o( twenty- seven delegates from nine of the tliir- teen colonies, met at New York, Oct'r 7th, 1765.. A Declaration of Rights, a Petition to the King, and a Memorial to Parliament was drawn up. Timothy Ruggles. of Massachusetts, the Presi- Wear no imported clothes and to encour- age home manufactures. The Governor of Xew YorJx, in June, 1768, requested the Assembly to vote supplies for troops then on their way to tliat city, which was refused. ^1 Massacltnsetts Coitrention, at which 96 towns were represented, met September 22d, 176S, and held a six days session. It defined provincial rights more clearly. Local self-government was the basis of the patriot cause, and the right of Parliament to make any laws for the colonies began to be denied. A Union sentiment was growing. The British government was more exasper- ated, and Lord North said: "Whatever prudence or policy miglit hereafter in- duce us to repeal the late paper and glass act, I hope we shall never think of it until we see America prostrate at our feet." ACTS OF THE COLONIES RESISTING «)PPRESSION. 45 tTnnies Otis was chosen moderator of a mass meeting held in Fanieul Hall, September, 1768. It was resolved that "The mhabitants of Boston will, at the utmost peril of their lives and fortunes, maintain and defend their rights, liber- ties, privileges and immunities." Seven II ntulred Svitish Soldiers commanded by Colonel Dalrymple, were brought from Castle William, Boston Harbor, and encamped on the common, Oct. I, 176S. Others were also lodged in the city during the two months fol- lowing. The town refused to furnish quarters, and the officers were compelled to prepare them at government expense. EfiTorts to obtaid the removal of these troops culminated in the Boston massa- cre two years later. North Carolina Heqvlators was the name assumed, in 1771, by people who had banded together in that state sisting British oppression, was elected first in March, 1773, by the Virginia As- sembly. Tea Meetinffs, OcVr l!i, 1773.— In New York a meeting was held to con- sider the question and patriotic resolu- tions adopted. At a similar meeting in Philadelphia, held October 16, 1773, res- olutions were passed declaring the send- ing of tea to be an attack on the liber- ties of America. A meeting was held under the Liberty tree, Boston, Novem- ber 3, 1773, and a ccmmittee appointed to request the consignees not to sell the tea w len it arrived. The request was denied. Frequent other meetings were held and constant pressure was brought to bear on the authorities to procure the rejection of the tea. Virginia Provincial Assemhli/ was originated in Raleigh Tavern, Wil- liamsburg, Va., May 25, 1774, by mem- Harrisburg, "S^.— Groceries and Provis- iofis Continued. Mackenson. J. S., Baumann Hotel, Race and Indian Ave. N. STUDEBAKER. Grocer, Choice Imported Swiss and Limberger Cheese, American and European Delicacies ; Holland Herring, Russian Sardines. STATE and SECOND STS., Harrisburg, Pa. Soltoxi. Hoiise, T. H. Heist, Proprietor, Harrisburg, Pa. Also of "Maple Park Springs Summer Resort," Ebensburg, Cambria Co., Pa. Rates $2 to fo. I=iOBT. ■v-A.xjGmnsT, Groceries, Provisions and Family Supplies. China, Glass and Queensware. Canned Goods a Specialty. SECOND, cor. MULBERRY AVE., Harrisburg, Pa. BREITINGERS European Hotel and Restaurant, Chas. F. Hessenbergek, Proprietor. 309 MARKET STREET, HARRISBURG, PA. Hotels and Restaurants. ClLestanvLt Street Hovise, Mrs. John P. Deiker, Proprietress. TRANSIENT AND PERMANENT BOARDERS. 404 Chestnut Street, Harrisburg, Pa. W. H. Butler, Proprietor. Good accommodations. Charges reasonable. 13 COWDEN ST., Harrisburg, Pa. to resist the extortions of the provincial tax collectors. The Battle at Alamance Creek was fought May 16, 1771, between the "North Carolina Regulators" and a mili- tia force under Governor Tryon. A num- ber on both sides were killed. Many "Regulators" were made prisoners, of whom six were hung by Tryon. ''B01/S of Phjinouth" was a juven- ile military organization in a school kept by Alex. Scammel and Peleg Wads- worth, in 1771, both afterwards distin- guished army officers. Elkanah Watson, in his "Men and Times of the Revolu- tion," says: "We were taught military evolution by either Scammel or Wads- worth, and marched over hills, through swamps, often in the rain, in perform- ance of these embryo military duties." Coniniittee of Correspondence, to induce co-operation of provinces in re- bers of the House of Burgesses, which Governor Dunmore dissolved on account of their positive action. They voted in favor of a general Congress, according to the recommendation of New York. Last Colonial Assemblfi of Massa- chusetts met at Salem June 7, 1774. The time and place for a Continental Con- gress were determined, delegates elect- ed and patriotic resolutions passed. Gov. Gage undertook to dissolve them, but the doors were locked against his secre- tary until business was done. Aid for Boston, June, 1774. The following were among the gifts that came pouring in: From South Carolina, 200 barrels of rice; Windham, Conn., 250 sheep; Schoharie, N. Y., 550 bushels of wheat; Georgia, 63 barrels of rice and I720 in specie. '' "Powder Alarm" was caused by the seizure, September i, 1774, of 250 46 NATIONAL CAPITOL. half-barrels of powder at Charleston and two field pieces at Cambridge, belong- ing to the province, and the fortification of Boston Neck by General Gage, who was alarmed at the spirit of the colo- nists. Great excitement ensued in Bos- ton, and the report spread through New England that war had actually begun, which caused thirty thousand patriots to pour toward Boston to take part in the conflict. Tea Ship Burnt. — On October 15, 1774, at Annapolis, Maryland, the tea boat "Peggy Stewart" was burnt by its owner to allay the excitement of the pop- ulace, who would not permit her cargo to land. "3Ihiute 3IenJ"— November, 1774, Massachusstts' Provincial Assembly or- dered the organization of 12,000 minute men; also made provision for military stores and ammunition, 3Iifiiffious of Jr«r having been for- bidden by the King to be exported to America, in Dec, 1774, the citizens of Providence, R. I., seized 40 cannon from a fort near Newport. One hundred bar- rels of powder, some small arms and cannon were seized from a fort in the harbor of Plymouth, N. H., which was dismantled. Harrisburg, Pa. — Hotels and Restaurants Continued. DINING HALL, Basement of U. S. Hotel, 0pp. the P. & R. Depot. HARRISBURG, PA. -Meals served at all Hours — Regular Meals 35 Cents. W. J. ADORE, Proprietor. ZDo3:i.iri.o3rer lEaioTJ-se, Oor. Third and Mulberry 3"s-, Harriaburg, Pa- 1. W, DfiNMOYER, Proprietor. Choice lot of Wines, Liquors and Cigars constantly on hand. Lodging by Night or Week. E-A-G-LE HOTJSE, 635 RACE St., HARRISBURG, PA. THEODORE DUFFNER. - - Proprietor, Good Boarding at reasonable rates. The best Wines and Liquors constantly on hand. EUROPEAN HOTEL, p. RUSS, Proprietor. Centrally located. Good accommodations Market St. A Pfiuia. R. R.. Harris1nu-g, Pa. Russ, N. , Proprietor Gross House, 233 Walnut St. WM. T. SOLLERS, Hotel De Paris and Restaurant. Meals at all hours. Game in Season. Domestic Wines a Specialty. II and 13 N. Market Square, Harrisburg, Pa. JONES HOUSE, ED. A. TINKER, . . . ♦ . Proprietor. A. E. 3IILLER, with Jones House. Cor. M arket and Market Square, Harrisburg, Pa. KAPPHAN'S HOTEL, CHAS. L,. KAFPHA^f, Proprietor. Centrally Located. Good Accommodations Charges Keasonable. 334 BROAD St., HARRISBURG, PA. Lancaster House, Mrs. B. Meyer, Proprie- tress, 21 Sixth St. McDonell House, S. L. McDonell, Pro- prietor, 501 East State St. Mitchell House, James Mitchell, Proprie- tor, 629 East State St. National Capitol and District of Columbia. Ma villa utl.— On December 22, 17S8, Maryland ceded the county of Washing- ton, containing 64 square miles, to the United States, to become part of the national capitol. f'ir i777i Cornwallis attempted retaliation for the British loss at Trenton. With a fine army 7,000 strong he penned the American force between the Delaware river and Assanpink creek. The mud \vas so deep that flight seemed impossi- ble. Early in the night a freezing wind made it solid. Leaving pickets to build fires, Washington silently marched to Princeton, where he encountered three British regiments, fought and defeated them, inflicting a loss of about 300. The sound of his cannon was the first intima- tion Cornwallis had that he was outgen- eralled. These exploits added to Wash- ington's fame. Frederick the Great de- clared them unexcelled. The Americans took fresh courage and organized armed bands, who constantly harrassed the in- vaders. Trenton. — The battle of Trenton was fought Dec. 26, 1776, Washington had assisted by a crowd of citizens, led by Isaac Sears. The English war vessel "Asia" sent some sailorsashore to resist the removal and fired upon the battery. One sailor was killed and others wound-: ed. The cannon were wanted for the de- fence of the Hudson. RAIDS, INVASIONS, ETC., DURING THE REVOLUTION. Gen. Gaffe ordered the Queen's Guard, of 100 men, under Capt. Bal- four, to Marshfield, Mass., Jan. 23, 1775, to protect a "Loyal Association" against the patriots. The "Guard" was there until April 18. Capt. Belfour visited Ply- mouth intending its future occupation, but public feeling was so great he con- cluded not to risk it. Raid on Islands in Boston Har- 1 hor. May 27, 1775. An all-day fight oc- curred on Hog and Noddle islands. 70 Harrislsurg, "£9..— Continued. Pianos and Organs. Publishers. J. H. KURZENKNABE k SONS, DEALERS IN PIANOS, ORGANS, SHEET MUSIC, Ard All Kinds of Musical Merchandise. No. 1302 North Third St., Harrisburg, Pa. Largest Discount to Teachers. THE PENNSYLVANIA PUBLISHING CO. Office 103 N. Second St.. Hanisburg:, Pa. Agents Wanted for our Choicest. Books, Bibles and Albums. Rail Eoad Employees. Casner, E. L.. 435 Walnut St. STARR ORGAN CO., JAMES H.SMITH, - - Manager. KEP.^IKING & TUNING SPECIALTIES. 1115 Montgomery St., Harrislmrg, Pa. Heal Estate and Insurance .Agents. Golden, W. A., 7 K ThirdfSt. J. M. KREITER, GENERAL BUSINESS and KEAL ESTATE AGENT, No. 25 N.ISecond St., Harrisburg, Pa. retreated across the Delaware with all the boats he could find. On a cold stormy night he recrossed and surprised the en- emy. After a short, sharp fight he cap- tured 1,000 Hessians, 1,200 small arms, 6 cannon and all the standards. James Monroe, afterward President of the U. S. was slightly injured in this attack, and two soldiers received slight wounds. WaaJuiu, Creek, S. C— May 29, 1780, Col. Buford's Virginia regiment was mer- cilessly cut to pieces by Tarleton's Brit- ish Cavalry. Andrew Jackson, then 13 years old, was made prisoner. WJtite Plains, Oct. 38, 1776, an at- tempt of the British to surround the American camp, brought on a battle in which they lost 229 and the Americans 100. Cannon at the Sattery, in New York was successfully removed in 1775, by a military company under Capt. Lamb, British were killed and wounded, and 4 Americans slightly wounded. The Am- ericans captured 12 swivels, 4 four pound cannon, some sheep and other supplies. Benedict Arnold's E;r2>edition against Canada, across the wilderness of Maine, began Sept. 13, 1775. The force consisted of 1,100 men. On Oct. 3 they left the last white settlements at Norrid- gewock, and were six weeks in reaching the St. Lawrence; and, after terrible pri- vations, Arnold's fierce determination carried it through. Arnold returned with, his troops and crossed the St. Lawrence Nov. 13, 1775. Climbing to the plains of Abraham, he demanded the surrender of Quebec unsuccessfully. Monff/omerf/ and Arnold joineil forces near Quebec Dec. 3, 1775. The two armies numbered less than 1,000. With this combined force they assaulted Quebec Dec. 31, 1775. The troops were REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 51 equally divided, and were to approach from opposite directions, and together assault the town. Montgomery was killed and Arnold wounded at the outset. Mor- gan took command, but after several hours hard fighting surrendered with 400 men. This virtually ended the attempted conquest of Canada. Norfolk Burned by British troops under Governor Dunmore January i, 1776. Its population was 6,000. The loss was |i, 500, 000. Gen. Howe Arrived at Sandy Hook, New York, July i, 1776, where he was joined by Admiral Howe, from England. Their united force was 32,000 men in over 400 vessels. Stony Point Stormed.— ]u\y 16, 1776, General Anthony Wayne, with an American detachment, surprised and captured this fort at midnight. Five hundred and forty-three prisoners were one hundred and the British three hun- dred men. Sagg Harbor Maided by Col. R. J. Meigs, with 170 men. May 23, 1777. He crossed from Guilford, Conn., and in 25 hours burned the British shipping and supplies, and captured 90 tories without losing a man. Burgoyiie's Invasion of New York. — June 20, 1777, a splendid British army of 8, 000 men with 40 pieces of artil- lery, left Canada to unite with Howe's army on the Hudson river. Gen . Prescott Made Prisoner July 20, 1777. He commanded the British in Rhode Island. Lieut. Col. William Bar- ton of Providence, with a few men, cap tured him at his headquarters. A strong negro butt in his bed-room door with his head. Prescott was afterward exchanged for Gen. Charles Lee. Barton received a sword, a colonel's commission and a 1 Harrisburg, Pa. — J^ea/ Estate and Insur- \ a nee Agents Continued. Sewing Machines. Rice, Geo. H., 319 Market St. Stoves, Heaters and Banges. FACER & MAEYER, Dealers in Furnaces, Ranges and Stoves, Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware Manufacturers, Galvanized Iron Cornices, Brackets, Windovi' Caps, etc. Metallic Roofing a Specialty. 108 Market St., Harrisburg, Pa. Tin and Sheet Iron Workers. Keepers, Stephen, 331 Cumberland St. Tobacco and Cigars. Bricker, J. K., 1226 N. Third St. Lutz, John S. 812 Market St. JOHN JORDAN, Supt. PEODENTUL INSURANCE 00MPAN7 OF AMEEICA. Home Office Newark, N. J. Branch Office Room 19, Trust Building, Harrisburg, Pa. Sanitary Plumbers and Gas Fitters. Kramer, John A., 912 N. Third St, W. I . POOL E , SANITARY PLUMBER AND GAS FITTER. DEALER IN Globes, Shades and Gas Fi.vtures, 118 s, segaad St., BatrsiibuEg, Pa. Wykoflf, Wm., 209 N. Second St. 1 1 taken. The Americans lost 15 killed and 83 wounded. The cannon and stores were removed and the post abandoned. Capture of Gen. Charles Lee, Dec. 13, 1776, at Baskingridge, by a small British party. Lee was repeatedly or- dered by Washington to bring up his troops, but he lingered in the rear. Thereafter he ceased to aid the patriots efficiently. Winter Quarters were selected by both armies Jan. 6, 1777, Washington at Morristown, N. J., and Cornwallis at Brunswick. Connecticut Raided by Ex-Gov. Tryonof New York, April 25, 1777, at the head of 2,000 British and tories, destroyed 1,600 tents and a large quantity of stores at Danbury. They were bravely resisted by the Americans under Sullivan, Arnold and Wooster. Wooster was killed and Arnold wounded. The Americans lost grant of land in Vermont from Congress. Cornivallis Sailed from Netv York for the South with 18,000 men July 23, 1777. Destination unknown, but it proved to be Philadelphia via Delaware river. Paoli Massacre. — Sept. 20, 1777, Gen. Wayne attempted to surprise Gen. Howe, but being betrayed by tories, was himself surpised and lost 300 men, the British losing only 7. Howe's Strategy.— Dec. 4, 1777, he left Philadelphia in an attempt to draw Washington into battle, but he was fore- warned by Lydia Darrah, at whose house Howe arranged his plan, and the scheme failed. Valley Forge.— Dec. 11, 1777, Wash- ington's army went into Winter quarters here. Many soldiers were barefooted, and but little straw could be obtained for their huts. Their sufferings were ex- 52 REVOLUTIONARY WAR. treme. Howe luxuriated in Philadelphia, and Franklin said, "Howe did not take Philadelphia, so much as Philadelphia took Howe." If't/oni ht(/ Valley 3Iassftcrf'.—]u\y 3, 177S, Col. John Butler, with 1,000 tories and Indians cruelly murdered the de- fenceless inhabitants of this Pennsylvania valley, the able-bodied men being in the patriot army. Suffolk Co., Virahiia was raided May 9, 1779, by 2,500 British tro jps. They captured 3,000 hogsheads of tobacco, burned over 100 vessels, and devastated the region. The damage caused amoun- ted to over $2,000,000. Tpi/oh Again Baided Connecticut July 5, 1779. He destroyed New Haven, East Haven, Fairfield and Norwalk. Major Henrif Lee. Aug. 19, 1779, with an American force, got into the fort service, and was made a iSIajor General of the American army. Col. Williams 0/ Ninety-Si.r, rout- ed a British Garrison of 500 men at Mus- grove's Mills, S. C, Aug. iS, 17S0. Gen. Marion Surprised the Brit- ish guard at Nelson's ferry, on the Santee River, Aug. 20, 17S0, and recaptured 150 prisoners taken at Camden. Virginia Baided.— Benedict Arnold and Cornwallis, with a British force, raided Virginia Jan. 2, 1781, destroying |;i5, 000,000 in property and carrying off 30,000 slaves. Xew London. Conn.. Burned, on Sept 6, 1781, by Benedict Arnold, with a British force. He also captured Fort Griswold and massacred the garrison in cold blood, after its surrender. Last blood shed in the Berolu- fion. Sept. 1782, at Somes Ferry, where Capt. Wilmot was killed. Harrisburg, "2^,.— Continued. Undertaker and Funeral Director. Hawkins, J. D., 1319 K Third St. SAMUEL W. FITZGERALD, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver and Plated Ware. Repairing of Fine Work a Specialty. A Fine Line of Fishing Tackle. «38 Broad Street, Harrisburg;, Pa. Kline, Wm., Agt., 413 IMarket St. Wines and Liquors. Fromm, Joseph G., Race Cor. Hanna Sts. Upholsters and Cabinet Makers. Griest, Frank, 140 South Second St. Watchmakers and Jewelers. HENRY FINK'S KEYSTONE BREWERY, POITEI. All @ LAGEl BEEl. 1 312-318 Forster St., Harrisburg, Pa. CHAS. A. BOAS, DEAI.EK IN Diamonds, Watches, Jevslr; and Sihervare, No. 7 Market Square, Harrisburg. Pa. Winters, Geo., 109 South Second St. at Paulus Hook, (now Jersey City) N. J., through mistake of the sentinel, and cap- tured 159 of the garrison. Wyominq and Cherry Valley Areuf/ed Aug. 29, 1779. Generals Sul- livan and Clinton fought the Indians of Western New York at Chemung, now Elmira. They whipped 800 tories and Indians, and burned numerous villages and stores, scattering their inhabitants. The Indians received a terrible retribu- tion. Washington at Morristown, N. J. in Winter quarters in 1779. The winter was one of the coldest of the century, and the troops suffered more than at Valley Forge. liaron John DeKalh was mortally wounded at the Battle of Camden, Aug. 16, 1780. He was born in Alsace, June 29, 1721. He had been in the French NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS, ETC., OF THE REVOLUTION. The "Gaspee" burnt June 10, 1772.— She was an 8 gun Briti.sh Schoo- ner, under Lieut. Wm. Duddingston,sent into Narragansett Bay to prevent smug- gling. Sixty-four Providence men board- ed and burned her at night. Lieut. Dud- ' dingston was wounded by the only shot fired. The plot originated with John Brown, a Providence merchant. The British government offered /i,ooo for the leader, but could obtain no evidence against him, although the actors were well known in Providence. In 1775, Sir James Wallace blockaded Narragansett Bay and wrote to the then known leader as follows : "You, Abraham Whipple, on the loth of June, 1772, burned his Majes- ty's vessel, the Gaspee, and I will hang you at the -lard arm. James Wallace." To which was replied, "Sir, always catch REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 53 a man before you hang him. Abraham Whipple," First Naval Victor ff for Americans was won in May, 1775. A bold company from New Bedford and Dartmouth, Mass. sailed in a small vessel and retook a ves- sel from the British sloop Falcon ; also 15 prisoners. Schooner ^'Margaretta"' was cap- tured June II, 1775, by some young Maine lumbermen headed by Jeremiah O'Brien. Loss of 20 killed and wounded. Naval Commfsston. — The first one was issued by Washington to Nicholas Br- ^ghton, of Marblehead, Mass., Sept. ' ^775> with orders to cruise upon the rflfgh seas in the Schooner "Hannah.'' United States Navij. — Congress on Oct. 13, 1775, voted to fit out two vessels, one with 10, another with 14 guns, to cap- ture British supply vessels. Within the month two more were authorized, and a over 200 killed and wounded. The Ame- ricans lost 10 killed and 29 wounded. Naval Battle on Lahe Clunn- plain, between Benedict Arnold and Gen. Carleton of Canada, Oct. 11, 1776. This was a desperately contested fight, in which Arnold lost all his vessels and part of his crew. By running his own vessel ashore he escaped with most of his force. Capture of the Hancoch.—A 32 gun vessel under Capt. Manley, was captured June I, 1777, by the British 44 gun frigate Rainbow The Boston, of 24 guns, com- manded by Capt. Hector McNeil, was in company of the Hancock, but before the action she sailed off. Both were subse- quently courtmartialed. Manley wAs ac- quitted and McNeill dismissed the ser- vice. Disastrous Naval Enf/af/ement, occurred March 7, 1778, between the ROBERT M. ENNIS. Wholesale Horse Collar Manufacturer, No. 16O Northampton St , Wilkiesbarre, F*a. Our efforts are honestly directed toward the Manufacture of the Best Horse Collar that can be made. We possess first-class facilities for producing good work cheaply. Our goods and prices will certify_the above statement if you kindly favor us with a trial order. FLE.A-SE SElSriD FOTl I>mCE LIST. ISAAC TYLER & SON, MANUFACTURERS OF Pumps, Hjdrants, Wood Water Pipes, SILOFE I^OILLEIIS, Baltimore Street <>pi)osite L. ami S. Repot, WILKESBARRE, PA. G. A. EDWARDS, T. PARKER, G. S. KIPPARD. Wilkesbarre Iron Fence and Screen Mf^ Co, «<; Xorth (Unial Strrof, If llh'-.shnrrc. Pa. Makers of all kinds of Iron Fences, Fire Escapes, Counter Railings and Window Guards. Also Iron Wire Coal Screens and Edward Pakut Wrought Iron Coal Screens. "Marine Committee" was appointed to execute the orders. Capt, jyianlej/, commanding a 4 gun vessel commissioned by Washington, captured a British supply ship in Nov. 1775. There were 2,000 muskets, 100,000 flints, 30,000 round shot, 30 tons musket balls, II mortar beds, a 13-inch brass mortar, and other stores, all of which were sent to the American forces besieg- ing Boston. JEsek Ilopkins. of Rhode Island, was made commander-in-chief of the Navy Dec. 22, 1775. Battle in Charleston, S. C, Har- bor. June 28, 1776. The fort, now Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island, garrisoned by 400 men under Col. Moultrie, was at- tacked by the combined fleets of Sir Henry Clinton and Admiral Sir Peter Parker. It was so gallantly defended that the shattered fleet departed, after losing "Randolph," an American, and tne "Yarmouth," an English vessel. The "Randolph's" magazine exploded, kill- ing all her crew of 315 men but 4. J^aul Jones' Great Naval Vic- tory, Sept. 23, 1779, over the Serapis and Scarborough, two English men-of- war in charge of a fleet of merchantmen. Commodore Jones had 5 vessels, one of which, the Bon Homme Richard, of 42 guns, he commanded in person, and fought the Serapis, of 50 guns, at close quarters, lashed side by side. During the dreadful conflict Com. Pearson cried out to Jones, "Has your ship struck," who replied, "I hav'nt begun to fight yet." At last Pearson surrendered. During the fight one of Jones' own vessels, the Alli- ance, Capt. Landais, fired a broadside into the stern of the Bon Homme Rich- ard. The Scarborough surrendered to the Pallas, Capt. Cottineau. Com. Pear- 54 REVOLUTIONARY WAR. son was knighted for his bravery. Com. Jone.s remarked, "Well, he deserved it, and if I meet him again I will make a lord of him." SURKKXDERS, CAPTURES, ETC., DIRINC, THE REVOLUTION — ALPHABETICALLV ARRANGED. Etii a II Alien , \v\th a small force, was captured near Montreal October, 1775. He was sent to England in chains and closely confined for three years. Was finally exchanged. AtiffKsta, 0(i,, takenjune 5, 1781, by Americans under Lee and Pickens. Boston Besieffed. April 20, 1775, by tiiC "'INIinute Men," who poured in and immediately invested the city. The news of the battle of Lexington swept through New England like wild fire and twenty thousand men were soon in the intrenchments. Israel Putnam, of Con- goyne surrendered to Gates 5,791 troops, 1,856 prisoners, 42 brass cannon, 4,600 muskets and other supples. The British were to leave the country and not again engage in war against the Americans. Burgoyne was humorously known as "Elbow Room." When entering Bos- ton harbor in 1775, a packet was met coming out. Burgoyne inquired the news. Being told that Boston was sur- rounded by 10, GOO country people, and there were 5,000 regulars in the city, he exclaimed: "What! 10,000 peasants keep 5,000 King's troops shut up! Let us get in and we'll soon find elbow room!" After his surrender he was conveyed to Boston. As he stepped off the Charles- ton ferry boat an old lady perched upon a shed above the crowd called out in a wav shrill voice: "Make way! Make Give the General elbow room!''' Camden Evacuated by the Brit- HARPHAM COPYING CO. India Ink, Water Colors and Albumen Copies from Small Pictures Aficnts If'anted. Satisfaction Guaranteed. CEO. HARPHAM, PROPR. 835 Eight Avenue. Altoona, Pa. //;.v M. yonnis sr. HOXJSE RICHARD C. CLYDE, PRINTER and STA.TIO]SrER, DEALER IN TOBACCO, CIGARS, TOYS, &e. 168 WEST NORRIS STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. necticut, left his plow in the field and rode one hundred miles in eighteen hours. John Stark, of New Hampshire, shut down his saw mill and started for Boston in his shirt sleeves. Baylov's American, LiffJtt-Jiorse were surprised asleep in barns in New Jersey, the night of August 30, 177S, and were bayoneted without mercy by Brit- ish troops under General Grey. Boston, JSi-acuated. Mcivch 17, 1776. General Howe, with the whole British army, accompanied by 1,100 loyalists, sailed for Halifa.x. Several vessels were captured by American privateers. Gen. Washington made a triumphant entry into Boston the day of the evacuation. Congress voted him thanks and a gold medal — the first one in America. Bui'f/oi/ne's Surrender. — October I7> 1777. finding it equally impossible to join Howe and to safely retreat, Bur ish, May 10, 1781. Nelson's Ferry, Fort Motte and Orangeburg surrendered to the Americans immediately afterward. Charleston, S. C, was surrendered I\Iay 12, 17S0, by General Lincoln to a British land and naval force under Gens. Clinton and Cornwallis, after a forty days siege. The city was given up to plunder. Tlie British evacuated Charles- ton December 14, 1782. CJterrif la/tet/, X. Y.. JTassacre. A band of Tories under Walter N. But- ler, and Indians under Brant, devastated the valley with fire and scalping-knife on November 10, 1778. Fortfi Fort, in AVyoming Valley, was taken July 4, 1778, by the British under Col. John Butler. The entire re- gion was burned and desolated. Fort Galniu, Ga., surrendered to Americans, May 21, 1781. Fort Lee evacuated by Gen. Greene, REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 55 Nov. 20, 1776, because the British began to cross the Hudson. Then began the famous retreat through New Jersey, in which the British were constantly on the heels of the Americans. Fort JJ'afilihtgf oil .Harlem Heights, was captured by the British November 16, 1776. They lost 1,000 men. The Americans 100 killed and wounded and 2,500 prisoners, many of whom were confined in loathsome prison ships. The British were aided in taking Fort Wash- ington by a letter from Wm. Demont, a traitor in the American army. Fort Watson, at Wright's Bluff, S. C, was captured from the British April 26, 1781, by Gens. Marion and Lee. Long Island Evacuated. — August 29, 1776, Long Island was evacuated by General Washington and his troops at midnight under cover of a heavy fog. Montreal was Taken November who fled July 19, r7Si, on the approach of Lord Rawdon, but turned and offered battle, which Rawdon refused. Greene captured 48 British dragoons. Fensarola, FlorfP('laration of Jml ependeu re . — This important document was foreshad- IMPORTER AND DEALER IN FIIE WIIES Ali LIQUOIS. Also VitK' OUl It'll ish-it:s mill I'iijiir.s, S. £. Ccr. Ersad and South Sts.. Philadelphia. Baltimore and Woodland Aves., West Philadelphia. N. B. — Fine Bottled Wines and Liquors for Medici- nal and Family use a Specialty. J AME S MILLER'S Fu[nitufe i Dndertakiog [stablisliment, Hector Street Above Poplar, CONSHOHOCKEN, PA. We mean to sell and have fixed prices to Suit purchasers. M. Mcdonald, KNIGHTS OF LABOR And dealer in Cigars and Tobacco, Pipes. &c. Blue Seal Cigars a Specialty. 3664 KENSINGTON AVENUE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. FRANK H. SMITH. SALOON No. 144 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. to see Captain Helm and one private march out of the fort, they being the only troops in the place. Colonel Clark now being separated from the East took immediate steps to recapture Vincennes before the British could reinforce it in the spring. Raising a force, on February 5 he began his march across the country, which was flooded, and his men were in frequent danger of drowning. He finally reached and besieged the fort, which surrendered in a few days. Col. Clark thereby saved the Western country to the United States, which would have been lost but for his remarkable energy. Yorkfoivn. V t HANCKY ST.S. Ti^Eisrxoisr, tvt. j-. COAL AND WOOD COAL OIL and HEAD LIGHT OIL, 318 North Willow Street, Trenton, X. J. FREE DELIVERY OF .M.I. ORDERS. PEACE MEASURES OF THE REVOLUTION. 61 PEACE MEASURES OF THE REVOLUTION Itiflejtendeure of the United States announced by George III. in a speech to the House of Commons, Dec. 5, 1782. If'ffs/ihif/foii liesk/netJ his commis- sion to Congress December 23, 17S3, and refused any compensation save for actual expenses. If'aslthtf/fon's Farewell to his offi- cers December 4, 17S3, at Fraunces tav- ern, corner Broadway and Pearl streets. New York, w\as a touching scene. His farewell orders to the army were issued November 2d, 17S3. Aviuy J)i.sban(Je(J Kor. 3, 17 S3. The entire number of troops furnished by the states was 231,791. The war cost 5130,000,000, exclusive of state and pri- vate losses. Iiidependence of tlie United States acknowledged by Holland, April 9, 17S2; by Russia, July, 17S3; by Sweden, Feb. 5, 1783; by Denmark, Feb. 25, 1783; and by Spain, March 24, 1783. SoldicfS Dischufffed by Congress October 18, 17S3. Cessation of'Hosfiliffes proclaimed by Washington to the army April 19th, 1783, on the eiglith anniversary of Lex- ington and Concord. ISAIAH VANSANT. Wholesale Manufacturer of Ladies^ Misses Shoes, 211 N. WARREN STREET. SECOND FLOOR, C'oi: Jtinih ami Wavrt-ii Stu. , Irentos, N. J. CHARLES STAICER. 7 N. Warren St., Masonic Temple, Trenton, i\. ,). DEALER IK UMBBELLAS. VALISES. CABAS, CANES, &:. AGENT for MILLER'S CELEBRATED HATS. WM. BAKER & SON, Importers and Dealers i)i Dry Goods and Cloaks, LADIES AND CHILDREN'S MUSLIN UNDERWEAR. SUITS, &c. 23 E-A^ST? STT^^rTE ST. TRENTON, N. J. Mrs. Mo M. Hsiir^ey, (Widow of late Joseph Harvey). MANUFACTURER OF HARVEY'S CHbRRY BALSAM, For Coughs. Colds, and Whooping Cough. Also Dr. Harvey's Pile Mixture, warranted to cure. 1017 I'asNiniinih Art:. I'Jtilitfh-l t>)iin, I'n. THE TEXAS REVOLUTION. Itei'olufion in Texas against Mexi- co was organized in 1832. The following 3'ear a Constitutional Convention was held to make laws for the government of the Republic. Jiaffle of Gonzales, Texas, was fought October 2, 1S35, between 600 Tex- ans and 1,000 Mexicans under Santa Anna. The latter was defeated. A Provisional Government was organized in Texas November 12, 1S35, and Henry Smith was selected as Gov- ernor. fndependenee of Mexico was de- clared by Texas March 21, 1836. Fort Alamo 3Iassaere was com- mitted March 6, 1S36. Santa Anna, with 4,000 Mexicans, captured Fort Alamo, and massacred the garrison of 172 per- sons, except one man, a woman and a child. Sixteen hundred Mexicans were slain by the heroic defenders. Constitution of Texas was adopted March 17, 1836. Slavery was established, and David G. Burnett was chosen iirst President of the Republic. Colonel Farmin and 357 Texans. who had surrendered to Santa Anna, were cruelly murdered by his order, on ^larch 27, 1836 Battle of San Jae into was fought April 21, 1836, by Texan volunteers un- der Gen'l Sam Houston and 1,600 regu- lar troops under Santa Anna. The Mexi- cans were routed in a single charge, los- ing 630 killed, beside prisoners. The war cry of the Texans was "Remember the Alamo!" Independenee of Texas was secured by treaty with Santa Anna Apr. 26, 1836, who >vas captured in disguise by General Houston. General Sam Houston inaugurated President of the Republic of Texas Oct. 22, 1836. HejHiblic of Texas applied for ad- mission to the United States in 1837. It was not granted. Santa Fe Expedition. — In 1S42 Texas sent a force of 300 poorly equip- ped men under Gen. McLeod to capture Santa Fe from Mexico, but the Mexi- cans captured them, marched them 2,000 miles barefoot to the City of Mexico. Thirty-five died, four were shot, and the survivors were imprisoned, but Santa Anna finally liberated them upon his birth-day. Austin Jones, in 1S44, served as the last President of the Republic of Texas. 62 INDIAN WARS, INCIDENTS, ETC. INDIAN WARS, JPope Paul III. issued a decree in 1537 declaring native American Indians to be rational beings and entitled to the privileges of Christians. fTiKin, Ortiz, one of Narvaez's men, met De Soto shortly after he left Tampa Bay. He had been captured by the In- dians and lived with them until now — 1539. He proved valuable as a guide and interpreter to the expedition. When first captured chief Ucita, condemned him to be burnt at the stake, but his life was saved by the daughter of the chief, who represented to her father that it would be a great honor to the tribe to possess a white captive. Lord Hofntoke was an Indian chief named JManteo, who was baptized Aug. 13, 15S7, by an English minister, and created a peer with the above title. Tins INCIDENTS, ETC. April I, 1 62 1. It remained unbroken over 50 years. IiidifiH JIassftcre in Virfffnia. — I\Iarch 22, 1622, the Indians suddenly fell upon the white settlements near James- town and killed 347 persons. A con- verted Indian gave warning in time to save Jamestown and a few neighboring plantations. The University estate was abandoned, the glass and iron works de- stroyed, and the colony had no settled peace for 14 years. Peqnod M'tw in 1636-7 resulted in the extermination of the tribe by the Connecticut colony. Massacre of Indians near New Amsterdam was instigated in 1643 by Governor William Kieft. It caused great trouble to the Dutch colonists after ward. Mrs. Hutchinson, who had re- GEO. W^ KAFER, PRACTICAL Plumber, Gas and Steam FITTER, 14 South Warren Street, TRENTON, N J. DEALER IN FINE CIG ARS9 CHOICE BRANDS OF SMOKIXG niKJ CHEniXG TOBACCO, Siiiiff. I'ijtfM. Stotioiirrif, Efr. No. 2(i W. Hanover St.. Trenton. X. .1. .rORHISa I'ROMPTLV .tTTE\OEO TO. LofipE House and Resiaiirail, No. 6 S. Warren St., Trenton, N. J. T. J. AVKST, Proprietor. MEALS AT ALL HOURS. OYSTEKS IX EVEKY STYLE. A GOOD MEAL FOR 25 CENTS. is the solitary English peerage created in America. Poc/ia/toiifas and Captain John Smith. — In December, 1607, the latter was captured by Indians and condemned to die. His life was spared by the chief- tain Powhattan at the solicitation of his favorite daughter, Pochaliontas. This circumstance has been discredited of late years, but the evidence is in favor of its truth. •• ff'elronie Enf/IisJuncn /"was the salutation of the Indian Samoset, who entered the little settlement at Plymouth jSIarch 16, 1621. This was the tirst Indian the settlui-s had seen. Samoset had been acquainted with English fishermen on the coast of Maine, and he gave them valuable information. Indian Fidel it if. — A league was formed between the Plymouth colonists andMassasoit, chief of the Wampanoags, moved into New Netherland, was killed in one of the Indian attacks. Massacre of Indians by the Dutch near Greenwich, Conn., occurred in February, 1644. 500 perished. The Dutch had 15 wounded. Second Indian Massacre in Vir- ginia, April 18, 1644. The Indians, in- stigated by Opechancanaugh, attempted the extermination of the colonists and killed 500 whites, but after a short war were entirely defeated and tiie aged chief captured and shot by a vindictive guard. King J'hilip began war in New Eng- land June 24, 1675, by killing some of tlie citizens of Swansea, who were returning from a meeting. This bloody war ended only with King Phillip's death in 1676. Penn's Treaty with the Indians was made Nov., 16S2, under the old treaty tree at Shakama.xon. A monument has been erected upon the spot. INDIAN WARS, INCIDENTS, ETC. 63 Indian War broke out in Eastern Maine in 1689. JIaior f f ahl ran. who made slaves of 300 Indians in 1676 was hewn in pieces in 16S9 by Indians, who captured him at Dover, N. H., by strategy. Schenertadi/ N. Y., was burned on February 8, 1690, and the inhabitants massacred by the French and Indians during a violent snow storm. Salmon Falls, K. H., was burned by Indians March 27, 1690. HaveHll, 3Lass., was, attacked by Indians in March, 1697, and 40 persons were butchered. Mrs. Hannah Dustan, her nurse and a lad were taken captives. The week old babe of Mrs. Dustan was dashed against a tree. Their cap- tors, 12 in number, took them to an island in the Merrimac, and while asleep at night the 3 prisoners arose and with tomahawks quietly dispatched 10 of the captured their fort and Soo prisoners, who were given to the allies and sold by them into slavery. The remainder of the tribe left their country and went north and were admitted into the confederacy of the Five Nations, thus forming the sixth nation. Indian Leafjae in South Carolina. In 1715 the Yemassees, Catawbas, Chero- kees and Creeks, being enraged by gross provocations from persons trading with them, united in hostilities against the whites. After massacreing over 400 persons they were defeated and driven into Florida by the energy of Governor Charles Craven. The damages inflicted by this war amounted to /ioo,ooo, be- sides a debt incurred in bills of credit for nearly an equal sum. Srnnsirirk, 3Iaine, was burned by the Abenaki Indians in 1722. Thus be- BOATIM and IISE gREAM RESORT. ! 1 341 Fair Street, Trenton, N. J. Below the P. K. K. Bridge. S . H . MATHEWS . DEALEK IN STAPLE AND FpCY GROCERIES, 243 ALLEN STREET. TRENTON, N. J. J. WESTENBURGER'S W NE, L QUOR AND 4GER BEER SALOON, ALSO POOL ROOM, . .-32 t=.. ^vV^^:E=LI=LE!:i>. — An Indian fight oc- curred near this place October 17, 1790. General Harmer, with a poorly equip- ped, undisciplined force was defeated. They, however, crippled .the enemy by burning their villages. Defeat of Gen. St. Clair, Novem- ber 4, 1791. He had succeeded Harmer, and with a force of ^,500 was encamped near the Wabash. He was surprised and routed by " Little Turtle " with a large force of Indians. He lost half his army. county, Alabama, on the 23d of Nov., 1813. Tallapoosa Birei: — General John Floyd, with 900 men, defeated the In- dians November 29, 1813, at Antossi, on the Tallapoosa river, on a .spot the sav- ages deemed "holy ground," upon which no white man could live. Horse-Shoe Bend.— The battle of Horse-Shoe Bend occurred March 27, 1814, between General Jackson and the Creeks, who had assembled in a fortified camp on the Tallapoosa river. Until 600 of their warriors were slain they refused to surrender, then their chief, Weathers- ford, suddenly a]:)peared in Jackson's tent and exclaimed: "I am in your pow- er; do with me wh'at you please. I have done the white people all the harm I could. My warriors are all gone now, and I can clo no more. When there was a chance for success I never asked for 66 INDIAN WARS, INCIDENTS, ETC. peace. There is none now, imd I ask it for tile remnant of my nation." He was spared and humanely treated by Jack- son. This was the death blow to tlie Creeks. Tippecanoe. — General Harrison was attacked early in the morning of Nov. 7, iSrr, at Tippecanoe, by the Indians led by the Prophet. A severe battle lasting until dawn resulted in the repulse of the savages, who were driven off by succes- sive bayonet charges. 3I(issacre at Fort 3Ihtiins, Ala.. August 30. 1813, by Creek Indians under Chief Weatherford. The British had offered $5 for each scalp. 300 persons were slam. Seminole IJ'ai: — In 1817, the Creeks and Seminoles, with bad negroes, made frequent raids upon United States Gov- ernment property, then, after complet- ing their destruction, hid in the Florida were surprised at dinner, murdered and scalped by Osceola, and a band of war- riors. The war thus begun lasted four years. Ci-eek Indians were subdued in 1836 by Gen. Wintield Scott, and many of them removed beyond the INIississippi. liattle between the Senti notes and 500 Georgians under Gen. Call, Nov. 25, 1836, was severe but not decisive, and resulted in continued warfare during the whole winter. Colonel Zaeha vif Tafflov, with 600 troops, defeated a large force of Indians at Macaco Lake, Dec. 25, 1837. CheroKee Indians were removed from Georgia to West of the Mississippi in 1838, by Gen. Scott. They felt greatly agrieved at being violently torn from their homes. Seminole War Ended in 1842 by the complete capture, death and removal HARRY SINE RICE, BOOK AND JOB PRINTER, And Pnlilislicr of Onr National Hope. A sixteen page monthly paper. Devoted to Physi- ology, Hygiene and the Home with special reference of the effects of Alcohol Stimulants and Narcotics upon the Human System. 50 cents per year in advance. Sample copies free. 10 S. ( liitrch St., Allfiifinrii, 1'a. G. HERZOG & CO. SLATE ROOFER, SL.^TE RO()FING done neatly on short notice and reasonable terms. SLATE furnished at the lowest market prices. JOBS executed at any distance. AuuRE.ss, Allentown Lehigh County, Pa. VETERINARY SURGEON, CANAL STREET, Swamps. Gen Gaines commanding a post on Flint river, made several unsuc- cessful efforts to stop them. Gen. Jack- son, in the following year, with 1,000 riflemen from Western Tennessee, over- ran the hostile Indian country and cap- tured St. Marks and Pensacola. He sent the Spanish authorities to Havana, and hung Arbuthnot and Ambrister, two Englishmen, for inciting the savages to depradations. Second Wet r with the Seminoles. The United States government attempt- ed to remove this tribe, West of the Mis- sissippi, in 1835, which they resisted. Gen. Clinch commanded a post in Flor- ida which was threatened by the Indians. Major Dade, with 117 men, was sent to his relief, but on the way his command was ambushed, and all but one man mas- sacred by the Indians. The same day, Dec. 28, Gen. Thompson and five friends of the tribe. It had lasted seven years. One thousand five hundred whites had been slain and ten millions of dollars expended. Massacre of Capt. Gunnison and his party was committed Oct. 26, 1853, by the Utah Indians. His was one of 4 expeditions to explore routes for a rail- way to the Pacific. Sioii.JC W(tr. — In the fall of 1862 bands of .Siou.x Indians commanded by Little Crow, being incited by Confederate em- issaries, committed horrible massacres upon the whites of Minnessota and Da- kota, murdering over 700 of them. Gen. H. H. .Sibley routed Little Crow at Wood Lake and took 500 prisoners, of whom 300 were sentenced to death by court- martial. President Lincoln pardoned all but 39 who were hung at Mankato, Minn., February 28, 1863. Fort Kearney Massacre. — The In- INDIAN WARS, INCIDENTS, ETC, 67 dians massacred one hundred United States troops at Fort Kearney Decem- ber 21, 1866. Indian Oufrfff/cs. — In 1S71 the Apa- che's murdered about 200 whites and de- stroyed much property. Indians Massacred hi/ the Set- tlers. — x\pril 30, 1871, at Camp Grant, Arizona, 100 Apaches, captives, were murdered by settlers who had suffered from their atrocities. Hed Cloud and a delegation of Sioux Indians had a reception June 7, 1872, at Cooper Institute, N. Y. Lee Fain ill/ Mitrtfered. — June 9th, 1872, Comanche Indians murdered the Lee family consisting of 7 persons, near Fort Griffin, Texas. Modoc 3Iassacre, — April 11, 1873, the attempt of the United States govern- ment to remove the Modoc Indians of Oregon to their reservation culminated Lieut. James H. Bradley were killed. Gen. Gibbons, Capt. Williams and Lieut. Coolridge, English and Woodruff were wounded. Cli ief Joseph and his band of Nez Perces Indians surrendered to General Miles on Snake Creek in the Northwest of the United States, Oct. 5, 1877. Sitfinf/ Hull and his Sioux warriors were offered full pardon for past offenses by a United States Commission under Gen. Terry, Oct. 8, 1877, at Fort Walsh, Canada, upon condition of returning to their reservation and future good beiia- vior. The overtures were scornfully re- jected. The British government prom- ised to locate them on Red Deer river in a fine game country, and they remained subjects of Queen Victoria. Indian, Chief Gall, and 150 of Sit- ting Bull's warriors surrendered to Uni- ted States troops May 7, 1878. STRATFORD & STEINER, MANUFACTURERS OF Foreigo ai]d Don^estic jMarble l\Io[)uiT)ei)ts, Tombs, Tablets, Headstones, Mantles, .lU Kiii'ls of' (iraiiitt- Moniiiiifi>t.s- /■^iirii i.sUrrl to Orfh'i: FENi;E FOE CEMETERY LOTS m BUILDINO MATERIAL A SRECIALTV^ in the murder of Gen. Canby and Rev. Dr. Thomas, and the almost killing of the Peace Commissioner Col. A. B. Mea- chem, among the Lava beds, to the strongholds of which they had retreated. A peace council had been arranged with the Indian leader Capt. Jack when the treacherous murders took place. The Indians were finally hunted down and Capt. Jack and others were hung Oct. 3, 1873, at Fort Klamath. Custer 3Iassacre. — Gen. Custer and 300 soldiers were massacred June 25, 1876, by Sitting Bull and his Sioux war- riors on the Little Big Horn river, near Montana territory, in an attempt to cap- ture a large Indian village. They were ambushed by an overwhelming force. Indians of the JS'orth west were beaten in a severe battle July 12, 1877, at the mouth of the Cottonwood by a force under Gen. O. O. Howard. Xez Perces Indians and General Gihhons' Coniniand fought August 9, 1877, on the Big Hole river, M. T. The result was indecisive and loss heavy on both sides. Capt. William Logan ancl CJieijenne Indians were beaten in a fight with LTnited States troops Sept. 27, 1878, 250 miles south of Denver, Col- orado, but shortly afterward they raided Northwest Kansas, committing depre- dations and horrid murders. Sitting Bull returned to UnitedStales territory from the British possessions June 7, 1879, with 800 lodges. Ute Outhrealx. — Sept. 29, 1879, a United States Cavalry escort of a wagon train was attacked by the Utes near Milk river. Major Thornburg, commanding, and II men were killed, the balance were afterward rescued by Gen. Merritt. The Indians also butchered Mr. Meeker, the Indian Agent at White river and carried his wife and daughter into captivity, whence they were restored after suffer- ing horrible outrages. Tlie Apaches Hutchered twenty- one whites at Silver City, New Mexico, Oct. 19, 1879. Siou.r Indians Surrendered Aug. 19 and 20, 1880, to United States troops at Fort Keogh, Montana. They num- bered 800. 68 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS, INCIDENTS, ETC. FRENCH AND INDIAN 3Iaj. SrJiHt/lrr, of Albany, N. Y., de- feated a French force of 800 men, with an English force and 300 Mohawks in 1691. Dccfficlil, Mass, was surprised Mar. I, 1704, by Frencli and indians who mur- dered 47 and carried 147 captives to Canada. Hiirei'hill, 3/ffss. was burned liy French and incHans Aug. 29, 1708. Kitt((nninrf Tteai'hoi-n, situated on the present site of Chicago, waa evacuated August 16, 1812, and the garrison massa- cred by a body of treacherous Indians. Gen, Wni, Henvy Harrison was appointed to command the Northwest- ern army, September 24, 181 2. The Americans captured a British force at St. Regis, Oct. 22, 1S12. Detroit Snrrenf1erei?astctn «i?i^icf, S. W. Cor. Perry & Washington Sts., NEW YOIiK. ^arrorp 5])rpot, 1 9 South Warren Street^ TJREXTOy, \. ./. S. K. SMITH, SALES AGENT. Americans were victors and Tecumseh was slain. This battle ended the West- ern campaign. If ashington^ D. C, captured and burnt, August 24, 1814, by General Ross. The capitol being defenceless, President Madison and his cabinet fled. Mrs. Madison saved a portrait of Washington and the Declaration of Independence. Ross, acting under orders from his supe- riors, burned the White House and all the public buildings, except the Patent Office, together with many residences. The national loss was about jg2, 184,282. SURRENDERS, CAPTURES, ETC., OF THE WAR OF 1812. FJntbarf/o for ifO J}a//s was laid on all British shipping in the United States by Congress, from April 4, 1S12. MachiiKdv Surrendered to the British July 17, 1812. The garrison be- amazement of botii fiiend and foe. The whole country was humiliated at this cowardly surrender. The United States government exchanged 30 prisoners for Hull and then court-martialed him upon charges of treason and cowardice. He was convicted of the last and sentenced to be shot, but was saved by the clem- ency of President Madison. Itussia offered to act as mediator between the United States and Great Britain in 1S13. The former accepted, but the latter refused the offer. York, now Toronto, Canada, was captured by the Americans under Gen'l Zebulon M. Pike, April 17, 1813. The British were driven out of their fort, but exploded the magazine with a slow match, just as the Americans entered, causing great loss among them. Gen. Pike was mortally wounded, but lived long enough to request that he might NAVAL ENGAGEMENS AND EXPLOITS. 73 die with the captured flag under his head. Fort Meigs Besief/ed. May i, 1813, by British and Indians under Proctor and Tecumseh. Gen'l Harrison, com- manding, witlistood the siege success- fully. He was reinforced by 1,200 Ken- tucicians under Gen. Clay, who attacked the enemy, but lost a detachment by im- prudent pursuit. The siege was renewed, but the desertion of his Indian allies compelled Proctor to withdraw to Mai- den. Iitrasion of Norfolk. 17^., was at- tempted by the British, June 22, 1813. 'They were successfully repulsed. Hearer Dam was surrendered by the Americans June 24, 1813. A woman walked 19 miles and informed the Brit- ish commander of the intended capture of this post by 600 Americans. Securing the aid of the Indians he turned the ta- bles against the Americans, and com- pelled them to surrender the post. Neirarh; Canada, burned Dec. 10, 1813, by Americans. This cost Northern New York dearly. The British captured Fort Niagara, and burned Youngstown, Lewistown, Manchester, Black Rock and Buffalo. Foi't Erie. Canada, surrendered to Generals Scott and Ripley, wlio crossed the Niagara river at night, July 3, 1814. Fort Frie iras Hesieged by the British August 4, 1814. On the 15th the British attempted to carry the works by assault, but failed, losing 962 men. The British again besieged the fort on Sept. 17, 1S14, but they were defeated and re- tired to Fort George. On November of the same year the Americans destroyed and abandoned the fort. Peace Negotiathms began in Aug., 1814, but were fruitless. PRICE $L00. PRICE $1.00. i^BNEOi^iwASi^i, She Gi^^eait Indian NEURALGIA POWDER. To those suffering from this cornpiaint, I will send this medicine strictly and chemically pure of my own compounding, and if the medicine is used according to directions, and fails to produce relief, or if these pow- ders do not work a cure, I will cheerfully refund the money. Letters l\y 3Iail to reeeive Medicine One Dollar. Consultation Free. Prof. J. H. COATES, 1619 Tuompson Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Office Hours, 7 to 10 A. M., 3 to 5 P. M. NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS AND EXPLOITS, From 1800 to 181^. terms he sailed to Tripoli. In the har- bor one of his squadron, the Philadel- phia, struck on a rock, and was captured with her crew by the Tripolitans. On the evening of February 15, 1804, Lieut. Decatur, with only 75 men, boarded, re- captured and burnt the frigate Philadel- phia in the harbor of Tripoli without losing a man. Tripoli was bombarded by Com. Preble repeatedly during August, 1S04, with great effect. Fire Ship, laden with powder and iron, sent into Tripoli at night, Sept. 2, 1804, exploded prematurely, annihilat- ing two boats' crews in charge of it. Congress erected a monument to their memory west of the capitol in Washing- ton, D.'C, Gtiadafoiipe. — A naval conflict oc- curred near Guadaloupe, W. I., between the American frigate Constellation, Com. Truxton, and the French frigate La Ven- geance, with 54 guns and 500 men. Af- ter fighting five hours the former was victorious, but owing to the fall of her main mast her enemy escaped. The Americans lost 39 men and the French frigate 150. Naval Engagement between the United States schooner Experiment and a Tripolitan cruiser, August 6, 1801. The latter was captured after 3 hours hard fighting, with a loss of 50 killed and wounded. The Americans lost none. Com. Preble was sent, in 1803, to humble the Algerine pirates. After bringing the Emperor of Morocco to J 74 NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS AND EXPLOITS. Urifisli Shff) Leopar(7.Cnpt. Hum- pliries, attacked the United States frigate Ciiesapeake, Com. Barron, June 22, 1S07. The Leopard fired several broadsides into the Chesapeake, kilHng and wound- ing 20 of her crew. The Ciiesapeake, being unprepared for action, fired but one gun. The cause was an attempt to search for alleged deserters, of whom 4 were afterward taken by the Leopard. Com. ]?arron was tried and suspended for 5 j-ears without pay. yaral Arthm between the United States frigate President and the British sloop Little Belt, olf the coast of Virgi- nia, May 16, 1811. The latter was prey- ing upt>n American merchantmen. Be- ing hailed by the President she replied with a cannon shot, and received a broadside in return, killing and wound- ing 32 of the crew of the Little Belt. She tlien made answer and sailed for Halifax. lenges to American vessels to come out and fight. After mancL'vering awhile the Constitution closed with her antagonist, and at half pistol shot poured in a terri- ble broadside, killing and wounding 68 of the Guerriere's crew. The American loss was 1 ; killed and wounded. Dacres surrendered, and the Guerriere, being unmanageble, was blown up. fifflit at jVif//tti\mong tiie Thousand Islands, occurred July 31, 1812, between two British vessels and two American bt)ats. The latter were successful in taking 6 British schooners at Ogdens- burg, to be converted into American ves- sels of war. U. S. lifff/ Xanfil US was captured by a British squadron July, 1812. Hi'ifLsh I'leet repulsed from Sack- ett's harbor, on Lake Ontario, July 29, 1S12, by the Oneida and an old thirty- two pounder stationed on shore. A. J. WALKEP, n ERCHANT JTTailor, N. W. Cor. Broad and Factory St. Ti=iEisrTo:Nr, zsr. j. ETNA IRON WORKS l.mitkd. MANl'FACTURUlO 1>1 Pig l[oo, l/lefchaot koo and Nails. CEORCE C. WALTON, riiACTK AL IliAMi: GIJAtER. And Manufacturer of MOULDINGS. FIEK Ai:D UANTEL SL ASSES. s. v.. Cor. Sccdiul St. and Susiiiiflianna .\vt'.. PHII.AnELPHIA, PA. j Frames of every desciipiiou n\ade to order. Re- I gilding and Repairing Old frames a Specialty. J^epreddtious hi/ liriffsJt I'essefs were carried on along the New England coast in June, 1S14. Towns and property were destroyed. Huinptoit, I'd., overpowered by Admiral Cockburn, June 25, 1S13, who made his name infamous by permitting atrocities upon the defenceless inhabi- tants. AUwandriti. ^fr.. being threatened by a British fleet, August 27, 1814, was saved from destruction by a ransom of 21 ships, 16,000 barrels of flour and 1,000 hogsheads of tobacco. ('. S. Fritjate Constitution, Cap- tain Isaac Hull, escaped from a British scjuadron, July 19, 1812, after a 60 hours cliase. Captain Hull, commanding the same frigate, captured the British frigate Guerriere, Capt. Dacres, Aug. 19, 181 2, ofl" the coast of Massachusetts. Dacres had been boasting and sending chal- U. S. Frii/dtc I'Jsse.r captured the British brig Alert, August 13, 1S12, ofl' the Banks of Newfoundland, in an eight minutes fight. JJt'Ht. Elliott surprised and captured two British vessels on Lake Erie, Oct'r 8, 181 2, by rowing across the Lake in small boats from Black Rock, near Buf- falo. American Sloop of War Wasp, 18 guns, on iSth October, 1S12, captured the Britisii brig Frolic, oft" the coast of North Carolina, after a severe engage- ment in wliich only 4 out of S4«of the Frolic's crew remained unhurt. The same day tiie Wasp and its prize was captured by the British seventy-foi;r gun ship Poictiers. {'. S. Friijtttc Vnitetl States. Com. Decatur, captured the British frigate Macedonia, October 25, 1S12, after two hours fighting, in which the British loss NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS AND EXPLOITS. 75 was over one hundred and the Ameri- can loss twelve. Com. Bdinhi-iflge, commanding the United States frigate Constitution, cap- tured the British frigate Java, Decem- ber 29, 1812, off San Salvador, Brazil, after two hours hard fighting. Every mast was torn from the British ship, and she was reduced to a wreck before she struck, when she was burned at sea by her captors. CaptcUii Chfiuncey, on November 8, 1812, with 6 armed schooners, block- aded Kingston harbor on Lake Ontario, disabled the British flagship and cap- tured several merchantmen. ZT. S. Sloop JJoriiet, Captain Law- rence, sunk the British brig Peacock, in a 15 minutes fight at the mouth of the Demarara river, Feb. 24, 1813. ''Don't Give Up the Ship." was the famous utterance of Captain Law- sels carrying 63 guns. Perry had never been in a naval battle. Barclay was a veteran. Perry, on the ship Lawrence, led the attack on Barclay's flagship De- troit. They fought for 2 hours, when the Lawrence, being disabled, Perry trans- ferred his flag in an open boat to the Niagara. Li 15 minutes after he won the victory and returned to the Lawrence to receive the surrender. He then sent his famous despatch to Gen'l Harrison: We have met the enemy and they are ours — 2 ships — 2 brigs — i schooner and one sloop." LaJ,e Ontario. — The American fleet on Lake Ontario, under Com. Chauncey, fought the British fleet commanded by Sir James Leo, September 18, 1813, and forced them to retreat to Kingston. Com. liof/ei's, commanding the LTni- ted States frigate President, captured the British brig Highflyer, by stratagem, T. A. McELWAIN, 281 CHESTNUT STREET. MEADVILLE. PA AGENT FOR THE NEW HIGH AEM HOWE SEWIKG MACHINE for Crawfcrd Co. Pa. All kinds of Sewing Machines repaired and wananied. Furni?hirg of jaits Tor okl Machines made a specialty ' ^. j7 AFFA NT R ANGER, LIVERY AND SALE STABLES. ' ■• ■■V'i * V ■ ~~^ — "" '^ . First-class Carriages? aiid-^uggies constantly on hand. Funerals promptly attended to. JOIO WATER STREET, Next door to Budd House, MEADVILIE, PA. rence, commander of the United States frigate Chesapeake, who was mortally wounded in an engagement with the British ship Shannon, June i, 1813, off Boston harbor. The Chesapeake was captured after a furious conflict, in which she lost 146 killed and wounded, the Shannon losing 99. Ti'. S. Brif/ Argus captured by the British brig Pelican, Aug. 14, 1813, after she had taken 20 merchantmen. British Brig Boxer, Capt. Blythe, surrendered to United States brig En- terprise, Lieut Burrows, after a 40 min- utes fight, in Portland harbor, Maine, on September 5, 1S13. Both commanders were slain and buried side by side at Portland. Berry's Great Victorg over Com. Barclay, on Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813. The American fleet was composed of 9 vessels with 54 guns, the British 6 ves- on September 23, 1813. In her cruise the President had captured eleven mer- chantmen and three hundred prisoners. C". S. Frigate Constitution. Capt. Stewart, captured the British brig Picton oft' the coast of Surinam, February 14, 1S14. "Old Ironsides.'' otherwise the U. S. frigate Constitution, Com. Stewart, captured two British brigs, the Cyane, of 36 guns, and the Levant, of 18, on Feb. 20, 1S14, off cape St. Vincent. U. S. Frigate Fsse.c, commanded by Captain Porter, was captured in neu- tral harbor of Valparaiso, Chili, Mar. 28, 1S14, by British frigate Phoebe and sloop of war Cherub. After fighting until he lost 154 men Capt. Porter surrendered. Z''. S. J'essel Beaeoek, Capt. War- rington, commander, captured the Brit- ish ship Epervier and $118,000 in specie April 29, 1814. 76 RELIGIOUS SECTS, INTOLERANCE, ETC. r\ S. I'rssfl If'dsjt captured and burnt British sloop Reindeer on June 28, 1S14. The Wasp also captured the Avon, September i, 1S14, but was compelled to relinquish her prize by the Avon's con voy MrT>ouoiiffh's 1'icfort/ on Lake Champlain, over Downie's British fleet, September 11, 1S14, was complete and glorious The engagement lasted two hours and forty nunutes. Com. Downie and 193 men were killed. American loss 116. U. S. TrssrI Horn ft . Capt. Biddle, captured the British ship Penguin, off Brazil, March 23, 1S15. AUjU'i's. — Com. Decatur, command- ing an American squadron, sent by the United States against the North African powers, captured two Algerine war ves- sels and 600 prisoners in the straits of Gibraltar, June 17, 1815. Witliiu a few days he dictated a treaty to the Dey of Algiers, who was compelled to release all his without ransom, and pledge more aggressions on Ameri- pnsoners no can merchantmen. Decatur next pro- ceeded to Tripoli and Algiers, from whom he exacted similar treaties and large sums for past outrages. Last yaral Kiif/(ff/rnienf with Eng- land occurred June 30, IVS15. Tlie Brit- ish vessel Nautilus was captured by the United States vessel Peacock, in the straits of Sunda. Hearing of peace the prize was relinquished the following day. The Americans had captured one thousand six hundred British merchant- men in three j^ears. The War of 1S12 cost the United States 5180,000,000. A. C. HiioEKOPER, Pres. G. W. Delam.\ter, Se:. and Tres. • Farntm T. Fish, Gen'l Man. BELGmN GLaSS CO.. Limited, ^[^(jLEWd DOUBLE TjiicK WWDOWQLA^^, DfficB and Factory, MEadville, Fa, T A O O R ^ T T-T* O T "F^ -^BEER SALOON AND RESTAURANT,^ FINEST IN THE CITY. Leetonia Beer on Draughit. .-^=rNEW CASTLE, PA.^^-^ RELIGIOUS SECTS, Jii(/nisithtii was established in Ame- rica in 1570 by Philip IL JIass icds l-^iisf Cclcbi'otcd in Cufr/i Cli tirrJi. — In 1628, Rev. Jonas Michaelis — the tirst minister of this church in America — came to New Amsterdam. Conf/i'cf/afionfdfsni was established in Salem, Mass., Aug. 6, 1629, by the or- ganization of a church w ith the counsel and fellowship of delegates from Ply- mouth. Samuel Skelton was apjiointed Pastor, and Mr. Higginson teaclur. Two brothers — John and Samuel Browne — malcontents — instituted a Church of Eng- land service in opposition, and were ac- cordingly .shipped back to England. Jiosfon. — In 1632 the first church was erected near the present corner of State RELIGIOUS SECTS, INTOLERANCE, ETC. 77 and Devonshire streets. It had mud walls and a thatched roof. Erclesiastuufl J uvisfJiction over all the British Colonies was conferred upon the Bisliop of London in 1634. Jioniffn f'dfhoite 3Iis.sion among the Indians of Maryland was established by Andrew White in 1634. JRof/er IJ'iffianis was banished from the Colony of Massachusetts Bay in Oct. 1635, because of his persistent opposition to church and masjistrates. EccIesiastirnJ St/nod convened at Newtown, Massachusetts, August 30th, 1637, before which was laid a list of eighty-two "false and heretical opin- ions," nine "unwholesome expressions" and "divers perversions of Scripture " 3Irs. Anne Hutchinson was ban- ished from Massachusetts Colony and e.\- communicated from the church m 1637, JBaptisfs icei'e Han fsJied from Mas- sachusetts, by law, Nov. 13, 1644. Indian Missionary. — In 1646 Tho- mas Mayhew, Jr. began preaching with great success to the Indians of JIartha's Vineyard. Petition to the General Court of Mas- sachusetts, in 1646, that other English subjects, besides church members, might have civil rights, was adjudged a con tempt, and the petitioners were fined from ^10 to ^250 each. Maryland passed an "Act of Toler ation" in 1649, giving the rights of liberty to all Christian sects. Helif/ions Jntofei'anre in Vir- gin ia.— In 1649 a Puritan Congregational Church of iiS members was obliged to leave the Colony, and most of them loca- ted in Maryland, not far from the present site of Annapolis tTesuits.~\n 1649 Massachusetts passed PHILP & PERRY, Uanufac'.urer: ani Sealer: in all kinis of LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIAL, Also Whcleiile and Retr.il Dealers in COAL, FIRE CLAY, BRICK, LIME AND CEMENT, 205 ISrOIiTH EILIS^ STREET, OIL CIT^ST, F-A.. MCGUIGAN & STUBLEIR ~ IlYERY, i^LD/lND r?EE}D St^BLD. Board.i3n.g- Horses Tla.cro'u.g'ri.ljr Oared. iF'cr. CARAIAGES AT EVERY TRAIN. I«ORTH SEXECA SIREET. KEAK OIL. EXCHAXGF, OIL CITY, PA. for holding and disseminating hetrodo.x opinions. First Baptist Chnrch in America was founded at Providence, R. I. , in 1639, by Roger Williams. Selif/ions Intolerance. — In March, 1643, the Virginia Assembly ordered non- conformists with the Church of England "to depart the Colony with all conveni- ency." This broke up the labors of the three ministers from Massachusetts Bay, for whom 70 Puritan settler, in Mrginia, had sent for in 1642. For Heretical Opinions, the set- tlement ofSamuel Gorton, at what is now Warwick, R. I., was broken up by mili- tary force, sent by Massachusetts magis trates, in 1643. Second liajdist CliiireJi in Amer- ica was founded in 1644, at Newport, R. I. a law against them. Death was the pen- alty for them to return to the State the second time. Seventh Day Haptist Church was established at Newport, R. I. in 1651. Baptist Persecutions in 3Iassa- rJiusetts.— In 1651 John Clarke, Obadiah Holmes and Mr. Crandall were arrested for disseminatmg Baptist doctrines. Be- ing tried and fined, Clarke and Crandall's fines were paid, but Holmes, refusins; to have his paid, received 30 lashes. Two other sympathizers were fined and im prisoned. 3IassacJtu setts passed a law in 1654 requiring each town to support a min- ister. lieligious Troubles in 3Iarf/land. A battle was fought in Maryland Mar. 25, 1655, between the Catholics hnd Protest- ants, for tiie possession of the govern- ment. The former were defeated with 78 RELIGIOUS SECTS, INTOLERANCE, ETC. heavy loss and the Piotestants remained in power. OKdheVfi Pei'srvutctl (tit (7 Tiiipt'f- soiirtf in JBitstfut. — hi July, 1656, Anne Austin and Mary Fisher, two Quakers from Barbadoes, and eight more from England were tried, imprisoned and shipped hack from whence they came. In 1657, two more Quakers named Mary Dyer and Anne Burden arrived in Bos- ton and were imprisoned. The first was sent back to England, the other was taken to Rhode Island by her husband. Mary Clarke, another Quaker went to Boston and was wiiipped. Ottfther's Af/ahi. — In July, 1657, two Quakers arrived in Salem, Mass., and began efforts for the extension of their faith. Qthers arrived and located in dif- ferent Colonies. They were arrested, imprisoned, whipped and banished. They were dreaded as the authors of re- cuted. They were repeatedly whipped afterward, and their persecutions never ceased until royal commands forbade it. While the liarsh treatment of this sect is inexcusable, yet their repeated interrup- tions of Divine Service, and the march- ing of young Quaker women through the streets of Salem, naked, as a testimony against its sinfulness, was an outrage up- on strict Puritan feelings. lirfff/ioits Iittolevttnce in Tirt/i- iiitt. — In 1661 theChurchof England was re-established, and non-conformists were subjected to a penalty. Quakers were not tolerated. Politiful PriviJf'f/es in Massa- cliiisefts. — In 1662 Charles 11 demanded the repeal of tlie law wliich restricted the privilege of voting and tenure of office to church members ; he also de- manded the complete toleration of the Church of England. Books and Newspapers. Presswork for the Trade. Estimates Cheerfully Given. THE STEWART ACADEMY, i.-t SOI TH FIFTH STKEKT. Kcadins. Pa. Kelalitusa Pftuiliin Maiti^c ^^ ^JiS'isli Uatheniitical ii? Classical Scliool GOV s-A.]srso]Sd: st., IM\ila above. June ist, iSSj. J'or Koth .S<:>-r.s. For Terms, Address, •lOHN A, STKWAKT, Print-ipal, READING, PA, Co-Partser^hiys and Business Engagements Negotiated. REAL ESTATE and LOAN AGENCY Cor. CHARLES and LEXINGTON ST3,, p. O. BOX 772. B^^nLTIIvIOI^E. ligious contention and ruin to all the Colonies. Dctith to Oiiaher.x was threatened in Massachusetts in Oct. 165S, as a penalty for their return after being once ban- ished. Ttco Otmhcrs treve JIniif/ in Bos- ton Oct. 27, 1659, named William Rob- inson and Marmaduke Steplienson, and in March, 1660, Mary Dyer suffered the same fate. Pii'st Intlifin Churvlt in America was established in i659on Martha's Vine- yard, by Mr. Mayhew. Second Iitdittn C/iiii'ch in America was founded in 1660 at Natick, Mass., by John Eliot. This zealous man was in- strumental in the conversion of 1,100 who were known as "Praying Indians." Oiitiher E.eecitfioit. — William Led- dra, a Quaker, was hung on Boston Com- mon in 1661. He was the last one exe- =1 Saptisf Chiii'ch in Sosfon. — ]May 28, 1664, Thomas Gouland and eight as- sociates secretly organized the first Bap- tist Church in Boston. The leaders were fined and banished by the authorities. ijtuthei's trei'c Otiffatred in Rhode Island in 1665 for refusing to bear arms. Oltl South Chtn'fU was organized in Boston in May, 1669, by tlie separation of a minority from the Boston Church, because of the "Halfway Covenant'' by which tiiose who were not church mem- bers were admitted as a means of grace. In 1729 the biulding known as the Old South Church was erected. Xetr Eitt/Uiitd St/nod was held in 1679. The subjects of its deliberations were "public calamities," and how to "promote reformation of manners" in tiie Colonies. Ktumin ('(ttlttdira were disfran- chised in Maryland in 16S1. RELIGIOUS SECTS, INTOLERANCE, ETC. 79 Oldest Church in Xen^ EntflatuJ. In i6Si, a church styled the "Old Ship" was built and is still used by the Unita- rians of Hingham, Mass., as a place of worship. Catholics Tolerated. — The General Assembly of Pennsylvania met Dec. 4, 1682. It was called by Penn, and lield at Chester. Laws were passed and Roman Catholics tolerated. Friends First "'Yearly 3Ieetiufj" was held in Philadelphia in July, 1683. JPresbf/teriaii Church. — The first founded in America was at Snow Hill, Md., in 1690, by Francis Mackenzie. C/ yiirni-slirtl,- JACK WELCH. Th: WeU-En;Tn Pugilist of Philaielphia. Proprietor POLICE GAZETTE PALACE, 102s liinDG-E j^'VEDN'TJE, PHILAl-ELPHIA. PA. Singing:. Clog Dancing and Glove Contests JSverj" Night. Admission Free. land under the powerful preaching of George Whitetield. ('nfrerfifilism was first preached in America by Dr. George de Benneville, in 1741. 3Ioravfans Expelled from New York in 1746. settled in Nazareth and Bethlehem, Penn. David Zeisberger here began his missionary work among the Indians, which he continued for sixty- two years. He composed an Onandaga grammar and dictionary. United Jirethren in Christ was a sect established in Lancaster county, Pa., by Otterbein, in 1760. Sandeniaiuans. — In 1764 Rev. Rob- ert Sandcman, established a religious colony at Danbury, Conn. They had separated from the Scotch Presbyterian church in Dundee, Scotland, under the name of Glassites. Methodist Congregation. — Philip First American Episcopal Bishop was Rev. Samuel Seaburg.D. D., of Con- necticut, who was ordained at Aberdeen, Scotland, Nov. 14, 17S4, Methodist Episcopal ChnrcJt was first organized at Baltimore, Md., Dt-c'r 24, 1784. Rev. Thomas Cooke, L.L. D., who had been ordained by Wesley, and Frances Asbury, were elected Bishops. First I'nirersalist Con rent ion in the United States was held in 17S5. lioman Catholic HeirarcJttf was first established in the United States by the appointment of John Carroll as Vicar General, in 1786. Snndag School was first organized in Hanover county, Va., in 17S6, by Bish- op F^rances Asbury, of the M. E. Church. •• The Societjf J'or I'ropagating the Gospel among the Indians and oth ers in North America," was founded in Boston in 1787. RELIGIOUS SECTS, INTOLERANCE, ETC. 8i First Bointin Catholic JiisJtoft in the United States, Vicar General John Carroll, was appointed Bishop of Balti- more in 17S9. Sir< ileuhorf/ian Cliiirrhes were organized in 1794 by Rev. William Hill, from England. "Disripfes." — otherwise known as "Christians," "Chnrch of Christ." and "Campbellites." They were organized in 1S09 by Thomas and his son Alexander Campbell, who were originally Presby- terians, but adopted "immersion" as the onlv baptism. They claimed that the Bible was their only creed. SuuiJay Schools. — In 1S09, changes were made by which \olunteers were substitnted for paid teachers, and instead of instructions being confined to the low and ignorant, it began to embrace all classes for continued Bible study. At a the Mormons settled in Kirtland, O. in Jan. 1831, where they lived seven years, liriiflunn Young joined the Mor- mons in 1832. MoriHoiis having been expelled from Missouri, settled at Nauvoo, Ills, in 1S39, and here Joseph Smith announced his pretended revelation instituting polyg- amy. J'tah Scffle(7 bf/ Jlorwons. — Brig- ham Young, with 16.000 Mormons en- tered Deseret, now Utah, in Jan. 1847, and founded Salt Lake City. They were two years crossing the plains. Oneida Coninttiniti/ was founded in 1847, near Syracuse, N. Y., by John H. Noyes. Yotinf/ ]}Ien's Christian Associff- fion. — The first in America was orga- nized at Montreal in 1851. Boman Catholic Chinch held its first plenary council in the United States HEN RY JOHNSON, Odorless Excavator AJfD SIjYK CLEAJSEB, Carpet Shaken ^ Cleaned with Care. All orders will be promptly attend<;('i lo by ad- •dressing a Postal Card to No. 330 E. Allen St., Trenton, N. J. PIANOS MOVED WITH ORRAT CARE GEORGE COOK, Practical Cooper, HIANUFACTURER OF BARRELS, TUBS AND CASKS, 9 1 3 Broad Street, Trenton, N. J. ALFRED DARRAH, DEALER IN Moving and Jobbing of All Kinds PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. OmCE, 5 TliOlSdl^^S ST., ^Between Feeder and Allen Streets,) 1 TRENTON, N. J. gREAT IMPERIAL TEA GO., 166 Broad Street. Trenton, N. J. FINE TEAS AND COFFEES At Wholesale and Retail. Valuable Presents given away with each purchase of Tea and Cott'ee. CORBETT & HAYES. Propr's. later day similar changes were made in England. Bible Sociefij. — The fin t in America was organized at Piiiladelphia in 1808. Oranf/cineii.—ln 1829, "The Loyal Orange Institution" of Protestant Irish- men was introduced into British Amer- ica. 3Iorinonisni. — April 6, 1830, Joseph Smith organized the first INIormon church at Manchester, N. Y. He claimed to have found the Book of Mormon, an ap- pendix to the New Testament, and the Urim and Thummim by which he could translate the unknown tongue in which it was written into English. It has since been proven to be an unpublished manu- script written by Solomon Spaulding, containing a pretended history of Amer- ica from the dispersion of the nations at the tower of Babel. Under Joe Smith, at Baltimore. Md., in May, 1852. Arch- bishop F. P. Kenrick presided. Great Berival of lSo7-S.—Sept. 23, 1857, a noon-prayer meeting for bu- siness men was established in the old Fulton St. Church, New York, by J. C. Lanphier, the City Missionary of the church. After praying alone for half-an- hour five persons came in. A week after- ward twenty were present. In two weeks forty came. A daily noon-meeting was then appointed, which has never been discontinued. About the same time a similar meeting was established in Ply- mouth Church, Brooklyn, and shortly they were held in numerous churches. A powerful revival spread all over the land, resulting in the conversion of thou- sands. Catholics held immense meetings Jan. 6, 1871, in Boston, Mass. and Cleve- 82 RELIGIOUS SECTS, INTOLERANCE, ETC. and. Ohio, to protest against the Italian occupation of Rome. Morinoits. — Chief Justice McKean of Utah decided against Mormons serving as grand jurors in federal Courts Sept. 27, 1S71 Bi'ff/Itain Yontifi was arrested Oct. 2, 187 1, by the United States Marshal for Mormon proclivities. He secured his release and fled from the authorities. He returned to Salt Lake City Jan. 2, 1872, and surrendered to the officers of the law under an indictment for the mur- der of Richard Yates. Mai/or Daniel H. Wells, of Salt Lake City, a Mormon Bishop, was ar- rested Oct. 3, 1S71, for Mormon pro- clivities. "Tools of the De HI. "— The Mor- mons held a special conference Oct. 5, 1871, in their Taiiernacle at Salt Lake 1 organized under Bishop George D. Cum- mings in 1S73. Archbishop McCloshet/ was made a Cardinal at Rome March 15, 1874. E.recation of >T'ohn T>. I^ee, Mor- mon bishop. Mar. 23, 1877, convicted of being the leader in the Mountain Mea- dows massacre in 1857. Tliis massacre was one of the most attrocious fanatical religious murders of the last thousand years. One hundred and fifty men, wo- men and children were assaulted, and all, save seventeen infant children, were murdered. Lee was shot to death by a file of United States soldiers, on the same spot where the massacre was committed. Lee's allies were Mormons and Indians. It is generally believed that Brigham Young was the instigator of this bloody j deed. Jnti-3Iormonism—ln 1S79 thepub- SHKRMAM'S HIG-H STREET, BAINBRIDGE'S OLD STAND, MOUNT HOLLY, N. J. BOOTS, SHOES, RUBBERS, TRUNKS, VALISES CALX, AND EXAMINE OUR STOCK. NO TKOUBLE TO SHOW CiOODS. T. F^. CANDLER, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Flour, Feed, Grain, Hay, Etc., Etc. • SCREENINGS A SPECIALTY. No. 912 Carpenter Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Goods J)el ivpveil to «// pa rt.s of tJi e City free. THOS. O'NEILL, Dealer in Imported and Domestic Smoking and Chewing Tobacco, A\ W. Cor. Sixth arid South Sts., PHILABELPHI.4, PA. City, and denonnced the Federal Autho- rities as "tools of the devil." Mormons CItair/efl with, Mitrder. Oct. 28, 1871, Mayor D. H. Wells, Ex- Attorney-General Hoza Stout and Wil- liam Kimball were arrested on a charge of murder in Salt Lake City. IrchbisJiojt Bailet/ was installed as primate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States, at Baltimore, Oct. 13, 1872. Mennonites. — Aug. 16, 1873, a band of 100 Mennonites from Russia arrived in New York. They are Baptist-Quakers, and were compelled by the Government to choose between giving up their reli- gion or their homes. They chose the latter and became settlers in the Western States of America. Reformed Episcopal Church was lie sentiment against Polygamy began to be strongly manifested. President Hayes issued a message against it, and Elder John Taylor instructed the Mormons to obey "God's law," no matter what the United States Government might do about it. Salvation Arm}/.— March 10, 1S80, an advance guard of S members arrived in New York. The army was organized by a minister in London in 1865, who held open-air meetings for the purpose of con- verting those who attended no place of public worship. Mormon Delegate to Congress was denied a certificate of election Jan. 8, 1881, by Gov. Murray, because he liad never been naturalized and was living in polygamy. A. G. Campbell, the Gentile nominee received the certificate, al- though he had the fewest votes. TERRITORIAL ACQUISITION AND GOVERNMENT. 83 TERRITORIAL ACQUISITION AND GOVERNMENT. Massachusetts purchased the Prov- ince of Maine from the heirs of Gorges, in 1677 for ^1,250. This defeated the King's plan to buy it himself in order to get it out of the jurisdiction of Massa- chusetts. JVeiv Hampshire was made a royal province in 1679, and John Cutts ap- pointed Governor. Xew York and New Jersey were annexed to New England in 1688, with Sir Edmund Andross Governor of the whole territory. The present boundary line between New York and Connecticut was now located. Carolina was Sold to the English Government in 1729 by the proprietors of the province, for ^8,000. North and South Carolina were made separate pro- vinces. Georgia became a Royal Province in the Miami region, because the United States Courts had not yet been set up under the ordinance for governing the Northwest Territory. They were super- ceded in August by the United .States Courts. '' Maxn^ell Code-' was the title given to a body of laws adopted in 1795 by the Governor and judges of the Northwest Territory, for its government, because they were printed at Cincinnati, Ohio, by William Maxwell. General Asseniblt/ of the Northwest Territory first met at Cincinnati, O. Feb. 4, 1799. W. H. Harrison was elected to Congress. A law was passed forbidding the sale of whiskey to Indians. Louisiana Purchased by United States from Napoleon I. for $15,000,000, April 30, 1803. It extended from the Mississippi river to the Rocky Mountains, THOMAS J. MeNALLY, PRACTICAL HORSE SHOER, 1030 Columbia Ave.. Philadelphia, Pa. Special attention paid to Horses Interfering. Stumbling, Overreaching. Quarter Cracks, Corns, Contracted Feet, etc., without the use of a Bar Shoe. TBACS AND ROAD HOESES A SPECIALT?. EDWARD BRENNAN^ Manufacturer of and Dealer in Chewing and Smoking TobaccOi No. 5600 Vine St., West Philadelphia. R. LA^A/'RKNCE. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in ■I" ^ OF ALL KINDS, O^-^T ^iid-gre -A.-ve., I^alls, PHIL,ADEI.PHIA, PA. HENRI CACOND, REPAIRER OF MUSICAL BOXES, Clocks, Musical Birds, Albums, Etc., 8 NORTH SKVF.NTH STREET, [Above MarlCrTJE, -A-X^TOOUNT-A., F.A-. We carry in stock a complete line of Legal Blanks. The reputation of our series of Legal Blanks is well established and when ever used are acknowl- edged to be Superior to any in the market. Blanks to order by the hundred, at list prices. All manner of Printing for the fraternity executed in the highest Style ot the Art at competing prices. Send for Catalogue and Price List. Extra special discount to large buyers. COLONIAL GRANTS AND CHARTERS. Sir Walter lidh'h/Jt obtained a pat- ent from Queen EHzabeth for territory in America in March, 15S2. On the 7th of !\hirch, 1589, he ceded part of his rii;hts, under his \'ir.<;inia patent, to a company of London merchants. Liomlon and J'h/inotit/t Compa- nies were chartered by King James I. of England in 1606. The first was autho- ri/A-il to colonize between the 31st and 38th degrees North latitude, and the lat- ter between the 40th and 45th, e.\tending Westward to the Pacific. No colony had the right to self-government granted, and the Church of England was the only form of religion tolerated. I'ort Koffal .thainloned.-DeMonts patent having been aniuilled, the Colon- ists all returned to France, in 1607. \etr Charter for Jamesfoirn. — In May, 1609, the London Company ob- tained a new charter for this Colony. The local conncil, which was appointed by the King, was abolished, and power was given to the stockholders to elect their own. Lord Delaware was appointed Governor for life, with almost absolute power. Nine vessels and 500 Colonists were sent out. Sheep and swine were also sent. Third Charter for f'iri/inia was granted March 12, 161 2. It empowered the stockholders to manage the affairs of the Colonist instead of the council, and the limits of the Colony were extended 300 leagues from the main land to include the Bermudas. flesaifs. in 1612, obtained from the French King a grant of all North Amer- ica, from the St. Laurence to Florida. Charles Calrert. a Roman Catholic and afterward Lord Baltimore, obtained a grant from King James of Avalon, on the S. E. Coast oJ Newfoundland where, in 1621, he began a little Colony called Ferryland. Marf/laud. — ^June 20, 1622, Lord Bal- timore received a grant of lands West of the Delaware river which he named Ma- ryland in honor Oueen Henrietta INIaria. I'atrooits. — In 1629, the Dutch "West India Comjiany issued a decree called the "Charter of Liberties" authorizing any one to purchase large tracts of laiul in New Netherland, and upon forming a Ct)lony of 50 persons within the same, to govern it. This was the foundation of the feudal tenure which existed so long in New York. "\l*rorideiiee Via ntatioDs." — Un- der this title Roger Williams received a royal charter Mi»rch 14, 1644. The Pro- GOLD, SILVER, PETROLEUM, ETC., WHEN DISCOVERED. 85 videnceand Rhode Island Colonies were separate before, were now united by this charter. The government was a pure Democracy. tfiyhiHt was assigned, in 1673, by Charles II. to Lords Culpepper and Ar- lington for 31 years. The citizens were troubled by this injustice. I*rniisf/fr(fiu(f granted to William Penn, Mar. 4, 16S1, by Charles II. in sat- isfaction of a debt of /"i6,ooo due him as heir of his father !-">lr William Penn, from the English Government. Penn appoint- ed Capt. William Markham Governor. East fJei'sf'ff. — William Penn was one of twelve persons who, in 1682, bought East Jersey, which was sold to pay the debts of .Sir George Cartaret, deceased. Penn thus became one of the owners of the whole province of New Jersey. DcUiirare was deeded by the Duke of York to William Penn in 1682, who re(]uested it that Pennsylvania might have access to the Atlantic ocean. Virffinift again became a royal prov- ince in 1684, by the King's revocation of the grants made to Lords Arlington and Culpepper. Jlass(K-h tisetfs' charter was revoked by the King in 16S4. \<'it> Eiif/faiiff Charter's were all aimulled in 1686 by the King, who ap- pointed Sir Edmond Andross governor of the entire territory. •• C/ufffer of Lihcrffrs " was the title of a new constitution adopted for Pennsylvania in 1701. The qualification for a voter was 50 acres unincumbered land, or personal property worth ^50. A new charter was also given to Phila- delphia. iieorf/ia. — The thirteenth colony was founded by James Edward Oglethorpe and other philanthropists. They ob- tained a charter June 9, 1732, for the ter- ritoiy between the Saviumah and Alta- maha rivers for 21 years, to be held in trust for the poor. Compensation or land for themselves was forbidden. VISIT VALENTINE'S VARIETY BAZAAR. When you come to Burlington, N. J. If you do not sec what you want, ask for it and Valentine will surely show it to you, for he has G:=5=B00TS and shoes, -^::0 for men, boys, women and girls. ALL SORTS OF CLOTHING, NOTIONS AND TRIFLES -AT LESS r'ToxT^s^s TTi-i.A.iT .A.iT-irTX7-iiE:ssE: 331.se:. 318 E.A.SX BI^O-A-ID STIIEET, BXJR,3Li:iSrOTO:iNr, KT. J. °Soi'^°- JOHN S. VALENTINE, ^^?o\^'^- Ksrx n /> /,v n /•; /> / s.i.i. THOMAS MILNOR &. SON, DEALERS IN AND MANUFACTURERS OF Cor. St. Mary and Pearl Streets, Burlington, New Jersey. G-OLD, SIL.VER, PETROLEUM, Etc —When Discovered. Gold wan Disrorered Jan'y, 1494. Alonzo de Ojida, with an explorint;: com- pany sent out liy Columl)us, returned from the interior of the country with specmiens of gold ore and dust. Gold was discovered in the coast range of Veneznla, S. A., in 1540, VojtiK'i' was mined in Cuba in 1515. Mc.icican Silrcf Mines of Zacate cas were discovered in 1532. Silver. — The Potosi .Silver Mines in Bolivia were discovered accidentally in 1545 by an Indian named Hualpa, who, in ciiasing wild goats, ])ul](d a bush up by the roots and uncovered the ore. The mountain containmg the mines rises, cone-like, 16,000 feet above the sea. Five thousand mines have been opened in this cone, and in two hundred and forty-four years after discovery |;i,ooo,- 000,000 was taken out. <>uir/,silr*'i- JMiiU's of Huancavelica. Peru, were discovered in 1564. They yielded largely up to the end of the last century. The mines at Santa I'arbara, Peru, began to be worked in 1566 by Spaniards. Native Peruvians Iiacl worked them before tiie Spauiartls came. (i<»ld was discovered in Brazil in 1699. DnhiHiiu' Lead Mines were discov- ered in 1700 by Le Sueur, but were not worked until i7Silver, Rubber and Celluloid. -VO SETS ALLOWED TO LEAVE OFFICE THAT YOU CANNOT EAT WITH. 15 Years Practice. Filling 50 cts. and Upwards. Extracting 25 cts; with Gas 50 cts. XO CHARGE FOR GAS WHEN SETS ARE ORDERED. 212 South Eighth Street, below Walnut Street, PHILiiDELPHIil, PA. PRINTING PRESSES, PUBLICATIONS, ETC. Pi'inthtff til JMexico. — In 1545 the first book book printed in America was a school manual entitled "The Spiritual Ladder," published under the direction of the Viceroy. Ninetj'-three other books were printed in Mexico during this cen- tury, and seven in Peru. ''Sin and Drntf/er of Self-Love,'" was the title of the first American ser- mon ever printed. It was preached in Plymouth December 12, 1621. Pi'iiitiiif/ Press at Camhridge, 31stini Xcit'S Lt'fff'i'" was estab- lished April 24, 1704. It was in existence forty years before it had 300 subscribers. Pi-hiffnf/ in J.oiusfniKi was intro- duced In- the French in 1704. In Conntrtiriit Thomas Short set up the lirst printing press at New Lon- don in 1709. 27t(' Antrviran ItrcJ^lt/ llrrrtnf/ was issued at Philadeljilua December 22, 1719, by Andrew Bradford and John Capson. " T/te liosfon Ouzetti- " was the second newspaper in the Colonies. It was published December 21, 1719, by James Franklin, a brotlier of Benjamin. 'Uto Xrn' Knfilaml dnirunt w.is established in Boston in 1721 by James The I'h'f/inat Gazette was issued at Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1736. Jirnjontin Vi-<(nhlin. in 1741, pub- lished tiie fust literary niagaznie in Am- erica. It was the "General Alagazine and Historical Chronicle," and lasted only 6 months. Luther's German Jiihfe was re- printed in i743by Christopher Sower, the type-fountler, ai Germantown, I'enna. •• Dhuetians Jhtw tit J>rrss anf/ Connnon Dish'' was the title of the hrst American Cook Book, pul)lished in Boston in 1747. Vitif Dirertori/. — The first in Am- erica was publishcii in IJaltimore in 1752. Ililtle, — In 1752 Kneeland and Green of Boston, published the first in English in America. German J^rintint/ "Press was set lip at Philadelphia in I755by the London Society of Religious Knowledge. GEO. W. BIDDLE, Jr., Ev Jinj)vgIG/^vp/lI/NiEF(, Orqai-qental Paintirjg a Specialty 864 North Tenth Street I^IillL^A.IDELFIil.A., :E»J^. Franklin. He was impriscined because of the free criticism permitteil in its col- unms. It lastetl about six years. Ben- jamin Franklin set type and wrote some articles for it. T/w Xen' I'ork Gazette wi\sef^U\b- lished by William Bradford in New York in 1725.' First ISeu'spaper in M Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Milk. —.■>/« Soiitli Tirriitf/-Sc<'itii(l Strrrt, — Philadelphi.\, Penna. WIVI. L. COMOTT, OATKHKU. oonsr3r'ii!OTnxoisrEi=L'y, No. 1817 Lombard Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Entert.Tinmcnts Kuniisliccl and served on Reasonable Terms. Terrapins. CriKjiietts, Sweet lireads, Boned Turkey, Chicken and Lobster Salads, Jtc. Oysters in Every Style. Fine and Fancy Ponnd and Fruit Cakes, MaranRues, ifcc. .\11 orders attended to at the Shortest Notice. e7. U .KVERICir, Livery, Sale I Exchange StiK-k of lliir.ti'.v )ili)-in/.s f'tir Siitf. East Union Street, BUKLINGTON, IT. J. TREATIES WITH FOREIGN POWERS AND INDIANS. Offlethorpe and the Indians. — By Oglethorpe's invitation a conference was held in Georgia May 29, 1733, v\ith the chiefs of tlie neighboring iribe.s. Mu- tual presents were made and friendly re- lations established. The fame of C)gle- thori^e's humanity spread far and wide among tlie Red men. J'eaee with tlie Indian tribes dwelling between the Ohio and the great lakes was made in 175S. France acknowledged the independ" ence of the United States in a treaty of alliance and conmierce, which was con- clutled between the two nations Feb. 6, 1778. i'oinntissioners of Peace. — Sept., 1782, Congress appointed John Adams, John Jay, Dr. I>^ranklin, ami Meiiry Lau reus to treat with Mr. Oswald, who iiad full power from the British government to negotiate for peace. 90 TREATIES WITH FOREIGN POWERS AND INDIANS. Holland. — Treaty of amity and com- merce was concluded between the Uni- ted States and Holland October 7, 1782. Einjh(n WITHOUT ICE. JHME3 J- 3WEENEY, FUNERAL DIRECTOR, 834 80VT1I EIOHTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. J03EPP IiIEBERMHN ^ C0., LAGER BEER BREWERS, EAGLE BREWERY. Sixth, Cor. [Jnion Sts. ALLENTOWN, PA. gress appropriated 1140,000 to send a spe- cial envoy to China to adjust our trade relations with that Empire. In 1844 Caleb Cushing negotiated a treaty be- tween the United States and China. M^p.r/co.— President Polk asked Con- gress for an appropriation of $3,000,000 August 8, 1846, for the purpose of nego- tiating a treaty with Mexico. Oregon Boirndarf/ Controrersij between Great Britam and the United ' States was definitely settled by treaty 1 June 15, 1846. The forty ninth parallel was established as the international boundary. Every point in the contro- I versy was yielded to England. i Treatjf Between United States and Me.rieo, Feb'y 2, 184S, at Guada- loupe, Hidalgo. New Mexico and Cali- States arrived at San Francisco INIarch 28, i860. It was composed of Nobles of the Empire, and was the first ever sent by that nation to any power. Its errand was to ratify the treaty between the two nations. President Buchanan gave them a reception at the White House in May. San J'nan Boundarf/. — In the con- troversy between Great Britain and the United States, October 21, 1S72, the German Emperor decided in favor of the claim of the United States to several islands between Washington and Van Couver islands, including San Juan. Chinese Treati/ made at Shanghai November 18, 1880, It conceded to the United States the right to control Chi- nese immigration, but not to prohibit it altogether. Opium could not be carried into either country. 92 MONETARY AND FINANCIAL EVENTS MONETARY AND FINANCIAL EVENTS. for coining legal Mint in Mexico. — The first mint on the continent was established in Mexico silver in 1535. it Lima, l*erti. a mint was estab- lished in 1565. It is still in operation Mnshet Jiif/fets were made tender in IMassachnsetts in 1635, in lieu of farthings, in order to keep them in the country in view of anticipated trou- ble over the charter of the colony. Odd Financial Crisis. — In 1641 Indian money, consisting of sea shells strung together and known as "Wam- pum" or "Seawant,"' was the chief cur- rency of New Netherland. The New Amsterdam City Council complained "That a great deal of bad Seawant, nasty rough things imported from other places, was in circulation, while the good, splen- did Manhattan Seawant was out of sis:ht signed by tlie officials, was issued in 16S5 by the Intendant of Quebec. Others is- sued it also, until in 1714 it amounted to 2,000,000 livres and ruined trade. Hills of Credit to the amount of ^40,000 were issued in 1690 by Massa- chusetts. This was the first paper money ever seen in the English colonies Paper Monei/ to the amount of 126,000, was issued by South Carolina in 1702. Pennstflrania issued paper money to the amount of ^45,000 in 1722. Lcffal Tender in Mart/land. — Corn at 20 pence per bushel and tobacco at one penny per pound was legal tender in 1732. Maryland issued paper money in 1733 to her great injury. The Hank of Penitsylrania was PETZELT, KEYSEH El HANCE, MANUFACTURERS OF isr. '9 1925 PINE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. VS^. D. ROBERTSON'S A. O. SMITH, - - Proprietor. DYEING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, Special Attention Given to Fine Fabrics, Such as Silks, Satins, Fine Laces, Ac. or exported, which must cause the ruin of the country." " Wftntpnni" h&c^mQ valueless as currency in 1651 in Massachusetts, in consequence of an order that it should no longer be received in payment of taxes. It continued current in New Netherland for a long time after. Mint at lioston. — June 10, 1652, the general court of IMassachusetts estab- lished the first mint in the English colo- nies, under charge of John Hull, gold- smith. Silver pieces were coined of the value of 3 pence, 6 pence and 12 pence. The largest became known as the "pine tree shilling," from the pine tree stamped upon it. It operated for 30 years. Mint in Mart/land was established by the Legislature of that colony in 1662. Cards for Ciirrencij.nvAdQ of com- nion playmg cards cut in 4 pieces, stamp- ed with the French royal stamp and chartered March i, 1780. It was the first in the United States. The Hank of Xorth America was chartered December 31, 1781. Capital ^400,000. Its bills were payable on de- mand, and were legal tender for all ta.xes and dues to the United States. Robert Morris was its founder. It began busi- ness in Philadelphia January 7, 1782, and aided the government greatly in paying the army. Second Hank in the United States was organized in Massachusetts July 5, 17S4. Capital $300,000. Decimal Coinatfe was adopted by Congress, August, 1786. United States JianJ,-. — Upon the recommendation of Alexander Hamil- ton, Secretary of the Treasury, Congress in February, 1791, incorporated a United States Bank with a capital of |io, 000,000, of which one-fiith was to be subscribed MONETARY AND FINANCIAL EVENTS. 93 by the United States and four-fifths by individuals. Its charter was for twenty years. In July, 1791, stock books opened for subscription to this bank, and in less than one day all was taken. Branches in other cities were soon established. Xational Bank of the ZTnited Sfatest. — Its charter having expired in 181 1 it was not renewed, being defeated by one vote in the House and the cast- ing vote of the Vice-President in the Senate. Financial Panic. — In 1S14 Treas- ury notes were 17 per cent, below par. Peace men in New England induced Bos- ton banks to exact specie from Southern banks in redemption of their notes. They also arranged with Canadian, bankers to buy up American specie. Crisis of 1S21. — A great financial distress prevailed west of the Allegha- nies in 1821. Banks failed, business sus- pended, and farmers were unable to pay their debts. Under the land laws of 1800 large tracts of government land had been sold, and the purchasers were una- ble to pay for them. The debt due the United States at the Western land offices was twenty-two millions of dollars. Re- lief was afforded by Congress permit- ting portions of the land to be returned and the money paid to be applied on the remainder. Land was reduced to one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, and lots of eighty acres were offered for sale. National Debt of the United States was entirely liquidated in 1835, and the surplus in the treasury, some BUCKLEY & GUEST, BRASS AND IRON FOUNDRY, COR. HIGH SND WI^RREN STS., fe* Prof. F. C. JESTER, Oi3:iI=LOI='OXDIST, ~*No. 1431, Passyunk Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. ^ Corns extracted without Pain or Blood, 25 cts. to §1 each. Ingrowing Nails and all other Diseases of the Feet successfully treated. Office Hours : 7 to 9 A. U., and 5 to 7 T. M., Sundays from 12 to 2. O. IB. MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 5inE 6igaris an5 Mcliacca, 309 BI^O-A-ID STREET, TRENTON, N. J. United States Banh. — A second one was chartered April, 1816, for twen- ty-five years. Capital thirty-five mil- lions of dollars, of which the govern- ment was to take seven millions. Philadelphia Savinffs Fund So- cietif. organized November, 1816, was the first savings bank in America. TJie Provident Institution, for savings, was incorporated in Boston on December 13, 1816. Great Financial Crisis in 1819 re- sulted from extravagant speculations, fraud, unlimited credits and excess of imports over exports. Currency de- clined 59 per cent., cotton and bread- stuffs 50 per cent., and the Bank of the United States barely escaped bank- ruptcy. forty millions of dollars, was distribu- ted among the States. Specie Circular. — By direction of President Jackson, the Secretary of the Treasury issued an order in 1836, direct- ing United States land agents to receive nothing but coin for lands, as the country was flooded with the bills of unsound banks. This action precipitated the panic of 1837. Panic of ',57'.— In March and April, 1837, failures in New York and New Orleans amounted to one hundred and fifty millions of dollars. On the loth of May New York banks suspended, and the business of the country was prostrated. Credit was nearly annihi- lated, and finally the United States could not pay the President's salary when due. At the solicitation of business men an 94 MONETARY AND FINANCIAL EVENTS. F extra session of Congress was called. Tlie cause of this panic was over-specu- lation and heavy importations conse- quent upon the low tariff. Ti<(nhs Ilefi limed in 1S39. specie payments lifnt/t of Peunsiflraitia. with a capital of 1:35,000,000. failed in 1S41. This was the successor of the old United States ]>ank The failure was caused by the directors having speculated with the bank's funds. Cafifornia. — A financial panic occur- red in California in February, 1855. ran if- of JTID Xj IE I^ .A- O T O I?< "S" , L. D. PARSONS, Proprietor. CONGRESS STREET. CORRY, PA MANUFACTURER OF TOPS, SPOOLS, BLUEING BOXES, BALLS, WHEELS, FILE HANDLES, BUNGS, BALL BATS, SKATE ROLLERS, WRENCH HANDLES, KNOBS, DUMB BELLS, CURRY COME HANDLES, LATHER BRUSH HANDLES, STENCIL BRUSH HANDLES, HUBS FOR CHILDREN'S CARRIAGES. Prices Sent on Application, and work can be furn ished in any Quantity on Short Notice. JAMES McCINNIS, All kinds of Hauling, Carting and Draying PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. Moi'hifis done hij LoaiJ or Estiiiiiite, yiiruitiiri- I'tiekfd nntl Shij>j><'(i inn/ lUstatwe. I^iaiiON Jio.rt'il or Mort'd irit/i C'tn-i' At Short Notice and on Reasonable Terms. OFFICE— Cor. Lafayette and Green Streets, NORRISTOWN, PA. T, D. PATTKRSON. HOUSE, SIGN AND ORNAMENTAL PAINTER, GILDING, GRAINING, PAPER HANGING. MAIN STREET, ELDRED, PA. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. 97 SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. Henrico College. — In 1620 the Lon- don Company set apart one thousand acres of land on the James river to en- dow a college for settlers and Indians. Harvavd Collef/e.— In 1636 ^400 was voted by the General Court of Mas- sachusetts Bay for a school or college, which finally became known as Harvard college. It was so named after Rev. John Harvard, who willed to it ^800 and all his library in 163S, and the General Court of Massachusetts changed the name of Newtown to Cambridge, in lies a grammar school capable of "fitting youths for the university." Similar laws were afterward passed by Connecticut, Plymouth and New Haven. Collefje Lands were set apart in New Haven Colony in 1654. Legaci/ for Ed neat ion.— In March, 1657, ex-Governor Hopkins, of Connec- ticut, died and left ^i, 000 for grammar schools in Hartford and New Haven, and /"500 for a college, which was given to Harvard. Comjtnlsory Sujrport of Minis- Vim. BAKER Sl son, Importers and Dealers in Dry Goods and Cloaks, Ladies and Children's Muslin Underwear, SUITS, &c. 25 E. STATE ST., TRENTOX, N. J. J. D. ROE Sl SON, 61ot^iEiTs I ^Eiiciiant Mailcr|s, «®=-Toung Men's Custom Suits, our Speoialt7.'=®a JV^os. 43 and 45 EAST STATE STREET, TRENTON, N. J. York, Ta.— Continued. J. R. CLINEDINST, House, Sign, Ornamental and Decorative Painter, Ceiling Decorator and Paper Hanger. 214 GEORGE STREET, YORK, PA. Devers, Chas., Agent, Terra Cotta Drain and Sewer Pipe. Only Agency in the City. 121 North George St. Eyster House, Elias Eyster, Proprietor, West Market Cor . Newberr y St. MARCELLUS FRIED, House Painter and Grainer, Kalsomiiiing, Marbleizuig, Etc. 428 East Mar ket Street, East York Pa. Fulton & Spangler, Clothing and Furnish- ing Goods, 3 South George St. Getz, Henry, Junk Dealer. honor of Cambridge, England. Henry Dunster, an eminent Hebrew scholar, was its first President. First Commencement at Harvard College took place on October 9, 1642, and nine candidates took the degree of A. B. Contributions for Harvard Col- lege. — In 1645 the Commissioners of the Colonial League recommended that every family contribute a peck of corn or a shilling to the support of Harvard College. A general compliance afforded timely aid to this institution. Free and Grammar Schools. — Massachusetts, in 1649, enacted a law that every township should maintain a free school, and every town of 100 fami- ters and Grammar Schools was made legal by the General Court of Plymouth Colony in 1657. William and 3Iar>/ College. — In 1661 Virginia appropriated funds to es- tablish a college which afterward was known by this name. It was founded at Williamsburg, Va., in 1693. Free Scliools were supported by every town in New England in 1665. School in Fennsylvania. — In 1683 Enoch Flower taught "reading, writing and casting accounts " for 8 shillings a year. Public Schools were established by the Quakers of Philadelphia in 1689. Schools and Libraries in Mary- land. — In 1694 it was agreed that each 98 SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES county should have a school and each parish a lilirary. King William's school was opened at Annapolis, where there was a library of 1,100 volumes. YafeCoflef/eongmatedin 1700. Ten Connecticut ministers met and each de- posited several books upon a table, say- ing, "I give these books for the found- ing of a college in Connecticut." This resulted in the establisment of "Yale." It was chartered in 1701, and ^120 per annum granted by the Connecticut As- sembly. It was located at Saybrook. The college was removed to New Haven in 1717. Its name was taken from Elihu Yale, who donated ;^500 to its aid. T/ie Log College was founded in 172S at Neshaming Penna., by William the revolution was at New York in the year 1767. Broirn Uiiirersiti/, under the aus- pices of the Baptists, was chartered in 1764. It was located' at Warren, and af- terward removed to Providence, Rhode Island. Dartmouth College. Hanover, N. H., was chartered in 1769. Eleazar Wheelock, D. D., was its founder and tirst President. Homespun Clothes were worn by the graduating class at Harvard College in 1770. liutger's College (formerly Queen's),, was founded by the Reformed Dutch Church at New Brunswick,. N, J., in 1770. '* Phi Beta iff^>-Ali,3vcEii, [established 1830.] Manufacturer Carriages, Coaches, Buggies and Market Wagons. Repairing of Fine Work A Specialty. 17 N. Beaver St ., York, Pa. PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE, Cor. George and Philadelphia Sts., York, Pa. GEORGE WEHRLY, Proprietor. This House has been refurnished and remodeled by the Proprietor, and is prepared to give F'rst Class Accommodations. Stabling for 100 Horses. Restaurant and Pool Table in Basement. Recker, Frederick, Butcher, East Prince St. B. F. REICH, M. D.. No. 346 West Market Street, York, Pa. DISEASES OF WOMEN A SPECIALTY. DEAI.EK IN BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS, REPAIRING A SPECIALTY. 7 S. Oeovf/e St.. York, P a. Rollman, John, Merchant Tailor, King Cor. Wate r Sts. J A C O^ S E A C R I S T , •KJCONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.!* Sash and Doors, Church. Bank and Office Furniture. Stair Work a Specialty. 224 S. Duke St., York, Pa. Party Organizations, Sectional and Political Strife. Federalists and Deiuocrat-Iie- jmblicans were the names of two great political parties that arose in 1787 out of the ratification of the Constitution of the United States. Ta m m av y Socief;/ of New York was organized on l\Iay 12, 17S9. An Irishman named William JMooney was its founder. Its name was taken from a deceased Delaware chief, who was made its pat- ron saint. The titles of Sachems, Saga- mores and Warriors are applied to its officers and members. It was organized in imitation of the Jacobin clubs of Paris, but for charitable purposes only. It has since become a political engine of great power in the Democratic party. Democratic Clubs were first organ- ized in the United States in 1793, mod- eled from the French Jacobin clubs. — They were violently hostile to the Gov- ernment. Washington denounced them publicly as instigators of tlie whiskey insurrection of 1794. y unification ill KeiitiicJti/. — On November 14, 1799, the Legislature de- clared "that a state may nullify and de- clare void any act of Congress which it thinks unconstitutional. ' ' Beiiioral From Ojfice. — The first removal from office for political reasons was made by President Jefferson in iSoi. Elizur Goodrich, Federalist, was re- moved from the collectorship of the port of New Haven, Conn, Samuel Bishop, Democrat-Republican, was appointed in his place. Party Strife in 1806 reached such a pitch that in Boston a Democrat-Re- publican named Austin attempted to chastise a Federalist named Selfridge, who shot him. DoiiyJifaces was an opprobious epi- thet applied by Randolpli, of Virginia, in 1S20, to the supporters of the Missouri compromise. It has since been applied to Northern men with Southern princi- ciples. • ^loiiroc 'Doctrine. — In December, 1S23, President Monroe sent a vigorous message to Congress, in which he de- clared that for the future the American continents were not to be considered as subjects for colonization by any Euro- pean power. PARTY ORGANIZATIONS, SECTIONAL STRIFE, ETC. TCI Auti-Masoiit'i/. — In 1826 William Morgan published a book revealing the secrets of Masonry, at Batavia, N. Y. He was abducted and believed to have been drowned in the Niagara river by Colonel King and four other Knights Templars. The Anti-Mason party arose from this incident. It controlled 30,000 votes in New York State, and carried Vermont in 1S32. Political Disci'iniinatioiis. — Re- moval from office for political reasons was first extensively practiced by Presi- dent Jackson, who, in 1829, removed five hundred postmasters. ,racksoit^s *' Kitrheti Cabinet." — In 1S31 General Jackson's cabinet was frequently disrupted through dissensions tary power if necessary. He also in- structed the collector of the port of Charleston to use the revenue cutters to enforce the tariff. lienioval of Government Funds. In October, 1833, President Jackson or- dered the Government funds (about |io,- 000,000), deposited in the Bank of the United States, to be distributed among certain designated State banks. His action was denounced by the opposition, of which Webster, Clay and Calhoun were the leaders, as "unwarranted, arbi- trary and dangerous." The Whig party arose from this incident. The Bank's charter expired in 1835 and was not re- newed. President Jackson was censured York, Pa. — Continued. ALEX. SPANGLER , CARR AGE and SLE GH BUILDER, Rear No. 15 South Duke Street, YORK, PA. ALL WORK WARRANTED. BXJC3-C3-IES «Ss m^^EXOKTS. Shetter, George J., Sign Writer, 421 W. Market St. SAMUEL A. SHROFF, Beal Eatat© aad; Gieaera) ia,%uiiaaa@ AND PATENT AGENCY, 345 West Market Street, York, Pa. D . F , STAUF FE R , SXE-A-3VE (;racker, cake and biscuit works, No. 138 S. George St., York, Pa. Sipes, Alexander, Groceries and Notions, 400 Queen St. Sonneman, A., Pure Havana and Domes- tic Cigars, 103 S. George St, Spahn, George, Marble and Granite Works, Nos. 403 and 404 S. Duke St. ' Strack, Charles A., Cabinet Maker and Undertaker, 130 S. George St. Strayer, John, Saddle and Harness Maker, 2U N. George St. among the families of its members, and on account of these domestic troubles it was given the name of " Kitchen Cabi- net." Nullification in South Carolina. In November, 1832, at a State Convention held in South Carolina, it was declared that the tariffs of 1S28 and 1832 were null and void. The State Legislature afterward passed an ordinance of Nulli- fication, to take effect February i, 1833, which declared that force would be used to resist the collection of duties in the port of Charleston. Nullifico<>rs, .Stair AVork, Inside and Outside lilinds, &c. Church, Bank and Otliee Furniture, A SPECIALTY. West Mason Aft-., Yovh, JPa. ALBERT A. WELSH, Dealer in Beef, Lamb, INIutton, Hams, Lard, Sau- sage, Poultry, Canned Fruits, Vegetables and Family Supplies, tfcc. No. ISiyi E. riiiladPlplua St., York. Pa. WESTE^RN NATIONAL* BANK, Cdjiital. .filoO.OOO. .Siirphi.s, $:iO.OOO. Organized July 22, 1375. Chartered 0:t. 8th, 1875. Albert Smyser, Pres. C. E, Lewis, Cashier. YORK, PA. composed of men opposed to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill, and had been called by Major Alvan E. Bovay. It was presided over by Deacon Wil- liam Dunham, and it was proposed to organize a new party based upon the non-extension of slavery. After the bill had passed the Senate a second meeting was held under a call signed by fifty-four citizens, whicli dissolved the Whig and Free-Soil town committees and chose a new committee of five, three of whom were Whigs, one Democrat and one Frec-Soiler. Major Bovay suggested the name of "Republican" for the new party, whicii was adopted. In June the name was adopted by the Michigan .State Con- vention. Thus was a party inaugurated the slavery issue. At an election held in November, 1S54, a pro- slavery dele- gate was elected to Congress, chiefly by bands of "border ruffians" from INIis- souri. The general territorial election was held next year and carried by the same party, and the Legislature thus chosen, assembled at Lecompton, organ- ized a government permitting slavery. The Free-Soil party met at Topeka in convention, declared the election il- legal on account of fraudulent voting, and organized a government exclud- ing slavery. Civil war followed. Con- gress recognized the Lecompton gov- ernment, and President Pierce i.ssued a proclamation to that efifect. The strug- gle continued four years, and until Kan- PARTY ORGANIZATIONS, SECTIONAL STRIFE, ETC. 103 sas was admitted to .'the Union as a free state. N. P. Hauhs, Jt\, was elected Speaker of the iHouse of Representa- tives on February 2, 1S56, after a contest of nine weeks, by a plurality of three votes. *• Know - Nothhiff "' Convention, held February 22, 1856. This secret or- ganization, pledged ;to oppose foreign- ers and "put none but Americans on guard" as office-holders, nominated Millard Fillmore, of3sIew York, forPres- iden-t and Andrew J. Donelson, of Ten ; nessee, for Vice-President. Kcuisas Troubles. — In Jan'y, 1857, the United States troops broke up a meeting of the free State Legislature. giving the right of suffrage to negroes in the District of Columbia. '^ KH-Klna--Kf(ni "' was organized in the South in January, 1868. By May it numbered half a million. General N. B. Forrest was at its head, and his title was "Grand Wizard of the Empire." Its alleged object was to redeem the South "by preventing the negro from voting and being educated, deterring Northern emigration, and securing the domination of the Southern whites." It inaugurated a "reign of terror," and thousands of negroes and poor whites were killed and driven from their homes on account of their political opinions. President Jolni son and Conr/ress in Con/fict. — February 21, 1868, the York, ?a..—Conimued. NORRISTOWN, PA. Wiest, P. C. & Co., Manufacturing Con- fectioners, 13 N. George St. Williams, Wni. T,, Justice of the Peace and Conveyancer, 245 W. Market St. * YORK CARPET MILLS- WM. FRYSINGER, MANUFACTl-REK OF THE Celebrated York Kag and Jute Carpets, LARGEST WORKS IN UNITED STATES. Alker, J. H., Harness Manfg., 221 E. Main St. Amber, H., Boots and Shoes, Cor. Main and Franklin. Baker, W. S., Gent's Furnishing, DeKalb, below Penn. DAVID D. BATH, CARRIAGE BUILDER, Cor, Greene and tafa.yette Streets, NORRISTOWN, PA. Bosch, Laura M., Confectionery, 440 E. Main St. Cassel, I. U., Carriage Builder, 346 E. Main St. Factories: \ '= ^°^'\ Y,^'" S'reet, j 124 vV est Mason Avenue, Ohice. 15 South Water Street. Governor Geary resigned, and Robert J. ! Walker of Mississippi, was his succes- sor. The House of Representatives de- nouaced the acts of the Pro-Slavery Leg- islaliire as "cruel, oppressive, illegal and void." The Ijecompton Constitution Re- jected, August 3, 1858, by the people of Kansas by a heavy majority. Republiean Tirtot't/. — February 1, i860, a bitter contest of eight weeks, in the House of Representatives, ended in the election of William Pennington, of New Jersey, as Speaker. Tlie Itnpedrhnient of President tToItnson was proposed on January 26, 1867, in the House of Representatives, upon the occasion of his veto of the bill President attempted to remove Secre- tary of War Stanton and appoint Gen.' Lorenzo Thomas in his place. Mr. Stanton rufused to surrender the office, and was sustained by the United States Senate. The Tnipeachnient of President Johnson was voted upon by the House of Representatives February 24, 186S, for violating the Tenure-of-Office Act and his bitter denunciation of Congress. The Court of Impeachment was organized by the United States Senate, March 5, rS68, Chief Justice Chase presiding. The trial continued until May i6th. The result was 35 for conviction and 19 for acquit- tal, which was short of the necessary two-thirds majority. I04 PARTY ORGANIZATIONS, SECTIONAL STRIFE, ETC. Fvitidle Stiff roffc. — On January 20, 1871, a motion to strike out the word "male" in the XlVth amendment to the United States Constitution was de- feated in the House of Representatives by 117 to 55. Ai'tuetJ Hands in South dtro- It'iKf were ordered, March 4, 1S71, by proclamation of President Grant, to dis- perse within 24 hours. X('trsp((j>rr Desfroi/ed. — Tlie Ku- Klux-Klan destroyed a Radical newspa- per office in Rutherford, N. C, April 30, 1S71. If'fif of Jf((b(' THE MEXICAN WAR., log to the City of Mexico. This defeat of the Mexicans was the final destruction of an army 30,000 strong by another about one-third its strength in number. Full 4,000 of the Mexicans were killed or wounded, 3,000 made prisoners, and 30 pieces of cannon taken. The Ameri- cans lost in killed and wounded 1,100. Perote, a Strong Castle and town, surrendered, April 22, 1847, to General Worth, with a park of artillery and a vast amount of military stores. Pueblo, the sacred city of the angels, with 80,000 inhabitants, surrendered without resistance May 15, 1847. Here the army rested and opened negotiations for peace, but the stubborn and fool- hardy Mexicans haughtily rejected the overtures. suffered dreadfully. The Mexicans lost about 1,000 dead on the field and the Americans about 800. Cltapaltepec, which was on the site of the Hall of the Montezumas, was car- ried by storm, September 13, 1847. The Americans under General Scott routed the enemy with great slaughter, and un- furled the Stars and Stripes over the shattered castle of Chapultepec. The Mexicans fled to the city, pursued by General Quitman to its very gates. That night Santa Anna and his army, with the officers of government, fled the doomed city. bity of ^Jear/eo.— September 14th, 1847, General Scott took formal posses- sion and the American flag floated over the Halls of the Montezumas. ■ Bradford, "Sz,.— Continued. JONES. DENNIS k BOOTH, COlTlICTOiS AlB BIIILBEIS. Plans and Specifications furnished on Application. 20 Mechanic St., Bradford, Pa. EDGETT& JOHNSON, Real Estate, Lumb.erjj^^ Shingles, 135 Main Street, Bradford, Pa. C . C . K IMBAL L & CO . OIL \VELL SUPPLIES, Scrap Iron, Metals, Brass, Rope, Rubber, Etc. - 3 Davis St., Bradford, Pa. UNIONJ SQUARE RESTAURANT, Open Day and Night. Finest and Cheapest in Bradford, Pa. With expert cooks and best sup- plies we please the hungry public. 51 MAIN ST., E. A. EICHMANN, Laundry, 55 Main St. DEALER IN. FRUITS & CONFECTIONERY, 61 Main Street, Bradford, Pa. JOHnsr T r"F!^^, Manufacturer and Dealer in all Kinds of OIL -^y^SlTJI^ TOOXjS, Ueueral Blaeksmithius;- and Machine Work, 6 Corydon St., Bradford, Pa. Coiitret'os was attacked at sunrise on August 19, 1847, by General Persifer F. Smith and 4,000 troops, and in seven- teen minutes 6,000 Mexicans under Gen. Valencia were utterly routed. Eighty ofiicers and 2,000 private soldiers were made prisoners, and 2,3 pieces of artil- lery were captured. 3Iolhia del liai/ and Casa de Mata, the western defences of Chapultepec, were held by 14,000 Mexicans. General Worth, with 4,000 Americans, stormed and carried these positions, September 8, 1847. The Americans were first re- pulsed with great slaughter, but, return- ing to the attack, they fought desper- ately for an hour, and drove the Mexi- cans from their position. Both armies Hospitals at Pueblo, October 9, 1S47, containing i,8oosick men, in charge of Colonel Childs, were besieged forty days by Santa Anna. General Lane, on his March to Mexico, relieved them and scattered the Mexicans. Atlixco, — October 18, 1847, General Lane defeated a Mexican force at this place. Guat/iiias. a port in the Gulf of Mex- ico, was taken, October 20, 1847, by an American squadron. General Seott issued a proclamation against Mexican guerillas, Dec. 12, 1847 American Army from Mexico ar- rived at New Orleans in June, 184S. Peace between the United States and Mexico was declared July 4, 1S4S. no SLAVERY AND ANTI-SLAVERY. SLAVERY AND Indian Slaves. — In 1494 Columbus sent four ships to Spi\in with gold, met- als, fruits and 500 captives, to be sold into slavery. Queen Isabella ordered them returned immediately, and sent commands that the islanders be treated mercifully. Labrador yatives were kidnapped and sold into slavery by Caspar Corte- real, a Portugese navigator, in 1500. It is thought that the name "Labrador," meaning laborer, was applied as a result of this expedition. SjunusJi Oppression in Hayti. — From 1500 to 1550, two millions of In- dians had been worked to death as slaves by the Spaniards. ANTI-SLAVERY, dians was warranted by the laws of God and man, and that only so could they be converted to the Christian faith." Enffland S/are Trade was inaug- urated by Sir John Hawkins, who, in 1562, enticed some and captured other Guinea negroes on the coast of Africa, three hundred in all, and sold them in Hayti. He had obtained Queen Eliza- beth's sanction to his voyage, upon con- dition that he would take none from their homes save with their own con- sent. Hawkins made another voyage to Guinea for negroes in 1567. Queen Elizabeth was interested in this expedi- tion. Five hundred negroes were se- Bradford, "2^.— Continued. NOVELTY COFFEE HOUSE. L. L. HIGCINS, Propr. 133 Main St., Bradford, Pa. EDWARD MclNTYRE, Old Rope, Scrap Iron, Brass. Copper, Rubber and Belting, Second-Hand Oil Wells and Machinery Bought and Sold. P. O. Box 1761. Bradford. Pa.. PH. NUSBAUM, GROCER, Nos. 3 & 5 Mechanic St., Bradford, Pa. E . R . P E RK IN S , Boarding, Feed and Livery Stables, Also Proprietor B. & K. Street R. R. Rear of IS Alain Street, Kradt'ord, Pa. Price House, Cal Robinson, Propr., 107 Main St. QUICLEY HOUSE. JOHN QUIGLEY, Propr. No. 24 NORTH MECHANIC STREET, BRADFORDi PA. Rhinehart, Wm. A, Turkish and Russian Bath Institute, 25 Pine St. Robertson, W. Y. «fe Son, Blacksmiths, Chestnut, St. Mammoth Clothing ^ Furnishing Emporium Headquarters for Stylish Goods. D. P. Thomas, M. RUSI.ANDER, Manager. S8 Main St., Bradford, Pa. Slavery Sanctioned. — In 1501 an ordinance was pa.ssed permitting Span- ish emigrants to the New World to take with them negro slaves who had been born among Christians. Negro Slavert/ increased so rapidly that in 1503 Ovando, Governor of Hayti, wrote to the Spanish government pray- ing that the importation might cease. Slavery Forbidden. — In 1506 slaves were, by royal degree, forbidden to be exported to the New World, except from .Seville, and then only on condition that they had been taught Christianity. Indian Slavery in the New World was opposed by the Dominican priests, thereupon, in 1513, the Privy Council of Spain decreed that the "bondage of In- cured and were sold in Cartagena, the result of this voyage. Slaves Brought to tfanteston'n. — Aug., 1620, a Dutch Captain brought 20 negroes to Jamestown and sold them for servants for life. Slave I- y began in Netherland in 1626. Xeiv EngUtnd. — Slaves were intro- duced into New England in 163S by a vessel trading between Guinea and the West Indies. Boston. — In 1645 two negroes were brought to Boston who had been kid- napped on the coast of Guinea. The magistrates, upon complaint of Richard Saltonstall, ordered them sent back as "having been procured not honestly by purchase but unlawfully by kidnapping." SLAVERY AND ANTI-SLAVERY. Ill Man -Steal htff was made a capital crime in Massachusetts in 1646. Similar laws were passed by the other New England colonies shortly after. Connectieut. — Slavery in Connecti- cut was made lawful under certain re- strictions in 1650. lihoffe Ifi7