garaarcQSttSQgQKmsasraccora | LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. $ I Chap. „ti&_3-$2-J - f : /S^i? $ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. | BILLS OF MORTALITY, 1810-1849, CITY OF BOSTON. AN ESSAY VITAL STATISTICS OF BOSTON FROM 1810 TO 1841. LEMUEL SHATTUCK. BOSTON: PRINTED FOR THE REGISTRY DEPARTMENT. 18 9 3. & ** ■ r 3 ■fc 1 — i r INTKODUCTION. Among the papers preserved in the City Registrar's office, is a volume prepared by Samuel A. Hewes, Superintendent of Burial Grounds. It contains copies of the annual returns of deaths in Boston from 1810 to 1849, at which later date the Registrar's de- partment was established, and the system of more extended annual reports began. As these old Bills of Mortality are practically inaccessible, being originally published merely as broad-sides, copied for a day into the newspapers, it has seemed desirable to reprint them, on the supposition that statistics of -this kind have a value increased by their continuity over considerable periods. As the volume here printed was the only official copy, though evidently compiled after 1849, it seemed proper to follow its figures despite obvious small errors. The tables have however been collated with the printed copies annually issued and correc- tions made in the tables of diseases. For more exact comparison reference may be had to the following named publications. These tables are printed in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical society as follows : for 1816 in 2nd Series Vol. VII. pp. 134-5. Total 904. Note that 10 of the deaths from malignant fever occurred at the Hospital, Rainsford island. for 1817 in 2nd Series, Vol. VIII. pp. 40-41. Total 907. Note, there were 5 deaths at Rainsford island, and 173 at the Alms House. for 1818 in 3rd Series, Vol. I. pp. 278-9. " 1819 k ' do do p. 280. Note, Total 789, to which are added those buried from the Alms House and the town's poor 192 still born 89 In all 1070 iv Introduction. for 1820 in 3rd Series, Vol. I. p. 281. '• 1821 " do do pp. 282-3. Note, total 1420, of which at Rainsford's island were 9 of yellow fever and 2 of chronic diarrhoea. » 1822 in 3rd Series, Vol. I. pp. 283-4. " 1823 " u J324 » " 1825 " » 1826 tk » 1827 " " 1828 " •« 1829 " " 1830 " " 1831 " « 1832 " '• 1833 " " 1834 « " 1835 k ' " 1836 " " 1837 •• For the years 1821, 1825, 1836, and 1839-1848 inclusive, copies of the annual broad-side are preserved in this office. June 25, 1849, the office of City Registrar was created by or- dinance and Artemas Simonds was appointed on July 12th. His first report gives the statistics for 1849 ; and they have been con- tinued for each year since, excepting for the years 1860 and 1861. For those years the records show the following figures — 1860, 5895 births ; 2530 marriages ; 4390 deaths 1861,5824 « ; 2172 " ; 3965 " 1862, 5345 lt ; 2141 " ; 4120 " do do pp. 284-5. do do pp. , 285-6. do Vol. IV. p. 323. do do p. 324. do do p. 325. do do p. 326. do do p. 327. do do p. 328. do do p. 329. do do p. 330. do Vol. V. p. 288. do do p. 289. do do p. 290. do Vol. VI, , p. 285 do Vol. VTI . p. 284 It should be noted that the figures for 1862 do not agree with the printed report, as births and marriages both continue to be received, recorded and numbered for every year, after the begin- ning of the next year. The statistics of all the printed reports of this department seem to require this very essential correction. An examination of the State Reports on Registration shows various discrepancies in regard to figures relating to Boston. Perhaps accuracy is not essential in such matters, but the inaccuracies are not svstematic. Introduction. v No comments have been made by me on these Bills of Mortality. Fortunately a very full discussion of the subject was made in 1841 by Lemuel Shattuck, a gentleman of conspicuous ability, whose ' Report to the City Council on the Census of Boston,' in 1845, placed him at the head of our local statisticians. As his pamphlet on the Bills of Mortality, covering the period from 1811 to 1841, is seldom obtainable, it has seemed that its reproduction would greatly increase the value of the present volume. Of course in a literal reprint of Mr. Shattuck's work, there was no room for corrections. But it may be proper to state that since he wrote, in 1841, his comments on the condition of our records, much labor has been expended on the old books. Mr. Apollonio, for so many years City Registrar, caused indexes to be prepared of all the records in his charge. He also did much towards the preservation and arrangement of the old papers which remained in the office. The present Registrar has been directed to prepare con- solidated and classified indexes of Boston Births, Marriages and Deaths, and the work is half completed. Moreover the Record Commissioners, since 1875, have collected transcripts of the records of all the Protestant churches in Boston, established before 1800, and these volumes are now in the Regis- trar's office. It will be seen that the City of Boston has been ready to avail of all sources to fill up the deplorable gaps in its records of vital statistics. Much remains to be done, and it is hoped that some law will be enacted, authorizing the copying of family records of undoubted authenticity. It seems reasonable to think that the census, taken every five years alternately by the national and state governments, might be utilized so as to allow an official record to be made of all families residing in the cit} T , at least in respect to the births of all persons living here. I feel it my duty to repeat on every occasion that the births in Boston between 1744 and 1849 are practically lacking. If the persons now living, who were born here prior to 1849, will have the kindness to bring in the evidences before it is too late, the} 7 will confer a favor on this office. W. H. WHITMORE, City Registrar. Bostox, Oct. 1, 1893. BILLS OF MORTALITY, 1810-1849, CITY OF BOSTON. THE VITAL STATISTICS OF BOSTON; CONTAINING AN ABSTRACT OF THE BILLS OF MORTALITY FOR THE LAST TWENTY-NINE YEARS, A GENERAL VIEW OF THE POPULATION AND HEALTH OF THE CITY AT OTHER PERIODS OF ITS HISTORY. LEMUEL SHATTUCK Extracted from the American Journal of the Medical Sciences, April, 1841. PHILADELPHIA : LEA & BLANCHARD. 1841. ON THE VITAL STATISTICS OF BOSTON. The oldest book of records of births in Boston was commenced in 1639, and contains some of the marriages, births, and deaths of the previous years, as early as 1630, and of the subsequent years, as late as 1663. This book also contains the births in several towns in Middlesex county, previous to its or- ganization in 1647, and of Suffolk county, then including the present county of Norfolk, until 1663. Another volume embracing the period from 1663 to 1689, appears to have been lost ; but a volume containing the records of births only from the earliest entries until 1689, copied from the oldest book, and the one supposed to have been lost, is still preserved. The next volume of records of births extends from 1689 to 1744, the next from 1744 to 1819. The last comprises but few pages. The records appear to have been very irregularly and imperfectly kept after about 1750, and some whole years have recently occurred in which very few records of this kind were made. During the quarter ending Dec. 31, 1838, one birth only was recorded. In some instances the births of one year are placed together in alphabetical order, in others those of several years are placed together in the same manner. The marriages prior to 1663, were recorded in the oldest book with the births and deaths. From that time to 1689, the records of marriages are lost. Since then they are contained in five volumes. The 1st extends from 1689 to 1720 ; the 2d from 1720 to 1751 ; the 3d from 1761 to 1807 ; the 4th from 1807 to 1828 ; and the 5th from 1828 to the present time, though not in consecutive, annual order. No records are preserved of the marriages from 1663 to 1689, or from 1751 to 1761, and it is believed that very many 1 xii Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. occurred in nearly all the years which have not been recorded. Great care- lessness and negligence prevails with some clergymen and magistrates in keeping the records, and in making the returns. The " intentions of mar- riage " are preserved in twelve volumes, extending from 1707 to the present time. Those from 1818 to 1823, are lost. The records of death* are made with the births and marriages prior to 1663. From that time until 1689 they are lost. From 1689 to 1719 they are pre- served in a separate volume ; and from that time till 1810 very few deaths are recorded, and such as ai*e, appear in the volume with the births. None of these volumes of records, either of births, marriages, or deaths, are provided with indexes; and a search for a fact concerning the personal history of an individual — the only object for which they are valuable — is attended with great labor, and is often fruitless even when the desired fact is- recorded. The records are so imperfect, that no general results of any value in statistics, to determine the law of population, or of mortality, could be drawn from any abstract which we could make. It is much to be regretted that our system of registration is such, that we cannot present, in any period of our history, an accurate account of the number of births and marriages. We hope to see a system of registration soon adopted, which will supply all existing deficiencies.* From 1701 to 177-1, the keepers of the several burying-grounds made returns once a week of the number of deaths in Boston, specifying the whites and blacks separately, but not their ages. The number of baptisms was also returned by the several clergymen. Both were published in the newspapers from 1731 to 1774. From these returns an annual statement was compiled and published. We have collected these annual statements, and arranged them with that of the population, in a table, {see Table I,) which exhibits some important information in regard to the health and con- dition of the town during that period. These returns may be relied on with considerable confidence, as being very nearly correct. The population of Boston was estimated at the beginning of the last century to have been about 6,750, and the annual deaths to be 230 — one in 19.3, or 3.4 per cent. The deaths from 1705 to 1714, inclusive, were 3,341, and from 1715 to 1724, 4,350, giving an annual average of about 1 in 24, or 4.09 per cent. I have estimated the population in the period from 1725 to 1734, according to two enumerations, one taken in 1722, the other in 1735. The census was taken in 1742, in 1752, and in 1765, which forms the basis of the estimation in the other periods mentioned. It will be perceived that * The author of this article has obtained a knowledge of the different systems of regis- tration of births, deaths, and marriages in use in Europe, and lie has prepared one which, seemed to him best adapted to the institutions of our own country. He has been solicited to bring it before the state legislatures for adoption. Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston, Boston contained more population from 1740 to 1745, than at any other period before the revolution. Table I, showing the progress of the population in Boston, for the fifty years from 1724 to 1774 divided into periods of 10 years each. In regard to 1725-1734 1735-1744 1745-1754 1755-1764 1765-1774 14672 Population. — White . 11900 14750 14190 14390 Black . 1100 1250 1541 1241 848 Total . 13000 16000 15731 15631 15520 Average annual Baptisms 528 578 474 413 443 Population to 1 baptism 24 28 33 38 35 Deaths to 100 baptisms . 77 82 123 107 104 Average annual Deaths. — Whites . 407 479 585 444 462 Blacks . 95 91 86 70 59 Both 502 570 671 514 521 White population to 1 death 29 30 24 36 31 Deaths in 100 white popula- tion 3.42 2.99 4.12 3.08 3.16 Black population to 1 death 12 14 IS 18 14 Deaths in ] 00 black popula- tion 8.68 7.28 5.58 5.64 6.95 Whole population to 1 death 26 28 23 34 30 Deaths to 100 whole popula- tion 3.86 3.56 4.26 3.28 3.35 Baptisms to 100 deaths . 129 120 81 93 95 It was customary, at that early period, to baptize nearly all the infants, "but toward the last part of the time, embraced in the table, the practice began to be neglected. The returns of baptisms should not, therefore, be taken as a complete return of the births. We made an attempt to obtain the number of marriages, but the records are so imperfect it was abandoned. It will be perceived, by comparing this table with others directly to be presented, that the mortality in Boston was much higher then than at the present time. The lowest mortality was in 1755 to 1764, being 514 — one in 34, or 3.24 per cent, of the population, annually; the highest was in 1745 to 1754, being 671 — one in 23, or 4.26 per cent. This is just double the mortality, which prevailed in 1826 to 1835, being then only 2.13 per cent. The lowest mortality in any single year was 407, or 1 in 38, in 1763 ; the highest 909, or 1 in 14, in 1730, and 1009, or 1 in 15, in 1752. The mortality of the black, was much greater than that of the white population. In the first period mentioned in the table, it was as low as at any time. One in 18, or 5.64 per cent, of the black population, died, show- ing a difference of 2.56 per cent., as compared with the mortality of the whites. The highest mortality among the blacks was in 1725 to 1734, being 1 in 12, or 8.64 per cent. These are very striking facts, but are accounted for, in some measure, by the prevalence of the small-pox and other epidemics, which often visited the town at that time, and which seem to have been peculiarly fatal to the black population. xiv Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. The Small- Pox prevailed in Boston as an epidemic in 1649, 1666, 1678,. 1690, and 1702. It is said to have been very fatal in 1678, but we have no particular account of the number of its victims. In 1702, 302 died of this dis- ease, being about 44 per 1000 of the inhabitants. In 1721, the disease broke out with great violence ; and 5759 persons (more than half the inhabitants,) had it the natural way, of whom 844, or 1 in 7 died. Inoculation was then, for the first time, introduced, but not without great opposition. Two hundred and forty-seven were inoculated, of whom 6, or 1 in 42 died. Mather, who wrote an account of the epidemic at that time, says that " Cats had a regu- lar small-pox, and died of it ; " and that " pigeons and dunghill fowls did not lay nor hatch " during the prevalence of the disorder ! In 1730, it has been estimated that 4,000 cases occurred, of which about one-tenth were by inoc- ulation. Of these about 500 died. In 1752, the disease appeared again in Boston, and became very fatal. The town then contained 15,684 inhabitants ; of these 5,998 were supposed to have had the disease. One thousand eight hundred and forty-three re- moved out of town. All the remainder, except 174, had the disease by inoculation, or the natural way. We have compiled the following statement, to illustrate the prevalence of the disease at this period : — Persons. Natural. Inoculated. Cases. Deaths. Ratio per 1000. Cases. Deaths. Ratio'per 1000 12 43 14 Whites . Black . Both 5060 485 5545 470 69 539 92 142 97 1985 139 2124 24 6 30 It appears from this statement, that the liability to death by this disease among the blacks, was about 50 per cent, greater than among the whites, when taken in the natural way ; and more than three times as great, when taken by inoculation. The deaths took place in the different months of the year, as follows : — Month. Natural. Inoculated. Total. Whites. Blacks. Whites. Blacks. January February March April May June July August September Total 1 2 2 20 205 203 31 5 1 1 39 20 8 1 20 4 6 1 2 2 47 248 223 39 <; l 470 69 24 6 5(19 Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. In the twenty days, beginning May 19, there were 220 deaths, averaging 10 per day. On the 1st June, 25 took place. This disease occurred again in 1764, in 1776, in 1778, and in 1792. The following statement exhibits its ravages in the last named period. The town then contained about 18,000 inhabitants, of whom 10,655 were supposed to have had the disease, 262 removed out of town, and 221 only remained un- affected, liable to the disease. The rest had it. The cases by the natural way, and by inoculation, were as follow : — Persons. White Black Both Natural. Inoculated. Cases. Deaths. Ratio per 1000. Cases. Deaths. Ratio per 1000 214 18 232 27 6 33 125 333 141 SNlU 348 9152 157 7 165 17 20 18 The following table exhibits a view of the disease at every period of its appearance in Boston, after 1720 : — Deaths Ratio per 1000 of the population. Natural. Inoculated. Year. Cases. Sick. Died. Cases. Deaths. Ratio per 1000 Cases. Deaths. Ratio per 1000 1721 1730 1752 1764 1776 1778 1792 6006 4000 7669 5646 5292 2243 8346 850 500 569 170 57 61 198 546 266 489 364 441 166 460 77 33 36 11 10 4 10 5759 3600 5545 669 304 122 232 844 488 539 124 29 42 33 148 135 97 185 95 344 142 247 400 2124 4977 4988 2121 8114 6 12 30 46 18 29 165 24 30 17 9 5 9 18 Measles prevailed in 1713, 1729, 1759, and 1772, and was the cause of many deaths. In 1745, an epidemic fever occurred of a very fatal character. The Scarlet fever was first introduced into Boston in 1735, and during that and the next year was very j>revalent, About 4000 persons were sick with it, of whom 1 in 35 died. At this time it spread generally through the New England towns, carrying off in some instances whole families. In Kingston, where the usual annual mortality was not above 9 or 10, it rose in 1735 to 102, and this great increase of mortality was not unusual in other places. It is somewhat singular, that after the lapse of just about a cen- tury, it should have prevailed again as one of the most fatal diseases of New England. A new system of registration for the deaths only went into operation in Oct. 1810, and has since been continued with some slight modifications. These records are all preserved. At first the town was divided into three districts, the north, middle, and south, and a separate register kept for each, 2 xvi Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. under the direction of the Board of Health. The particulars recorded wei'e, 1st, The date of death and burial ; 2d, The age and sex; 3d, To what family belonging; 4th, The disease, or cause of death; 5th, The number or name of the tomb where interred, designating the burial ground, and whether a citizen or stranger ; and 6th, Remarks. The district system was given up in 1822, at the incorporation of the city, and the office of superintendent of burial grounds was created. This office has since been filled by Mr. Samuel H. Hewes, and he has kept the records of the deaths of the whole city. A " General Abstract of the Bill of Mortality " has been printed an- nually since 1811, sj)ecifying the number of deaths each month in the year, distinguishing the males from the females, and the age under 1 ; 1 to 2 ; 2 to 5 ; 5 to 10 ; 10 to 20, and each decennial period afterwards to 100. These abstracts specify also the number of deaths by each disease, but not the age, sex, season, and other particulars, which ought to have been noticed. Heavy penalties were imposed for burying without permission; and it is presumed that all, or very nearly all, the deaths that have taken place in the city are recorded. And the " bills," as far as they go, contain a faithful abstract of the records, and may be generally relied on as correct. Table IT, shoiving the distribution of the population of Boston according to age, sex, and colour, at seven different enumerations. Ages. Under 16 . . 16 and upwards Whites . . . Coloured Total . . . Under 10 . . 10 to 16 . . . 16 to 26 . . . 26 to 45 . . . 45 and upwards Whites . . . Coloured Total . . Under 10 . 10 to 16 . . 16 to 26 . . 26 to 45 . . 45 and upwards Whites. . . . Coloured . . Total . . . 4109 2941 7050 531 3057 1406 2478 2999 1334 11274 5283 2416 3564 7345 1500 1765. Males, i Females. Differ V. 7581 7939 20108 809 20917 4010 3612 +99 -671 7622 —572 317 +14 -558 8119 6553 14672 848 15520 1800. 3083 1499 2998 3110 1799 11489 —26 —93 —520 —111 6140 2905 5476 6109 465 3133 ■1215 23763 1174 11274 12489 —1215 24937 1820. 5399 2965 4544 5973 2569 21450 931 22381 — 116 —549 —980 + 1372 — 1069 10682 5381 8108 13318 4069 -1342 41558 -122 1740 1464 4329S 1 1790. 4391 1860 357S 4165 1346 15340 15:i4(i 16446 4349 2081 3989 4140 L887 —541 16446 +42 —221 —411 +25 -1106 1825. 6206 630I» 3001 7622 8458 2560 27907 974 2SSS1 3616 7589 7739 3204 —103 —555 +33 +719 — 664 28453 —550 943 +31 29396 —515 Males. Females. Difference. Total. 3376 4325 7701 9576 —1875 17277 761 7701 9576 — 1875 18038 1810. 8740 3941 7567 8305 3233 31786 1464 1106 33250 12515 6677 15211 16197 5764 56364 1917 5828 Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xvu 1830. Ages. Males. Females. Dift'iice. Total. Proportion of females to Km males. Propor- tion each age. Surviv'g Propor- tion sur- viving. Proportion surviving each age that are in next age Under 5 38 IS 4004 —186 7822 104.87 13.14 59517 100.— 13.14 5 to 10 2941 2978 —37 5919 101.25 9.95 51695 86.86 11.44 10 to 20 5634 6391 —757 12025 113.43 20.20 45776 76.91 26.26 20 to 30 7729 7958 —229 15687 102.96 26.36 33751 56.71 46.47 30 to 40 4132 4661 —529 8793 112.80 14.78 18064 30.35 48.67 40 to 50 2168 2698 —530 4866 124.44 8.18 9271 15.57 52.48 50 to 60 1077 L413 —336 2490 131.19 4.18 4405 7.39 56.52 60 to 70 475 801 —326 1276 168.63 2.14 1915 3.21 66.63 70 to 80 164 325 —161 489 198.17 .82 639 1.07 76.52 80 to 90 31 105 — 74 136 338.70 23 150 .25 90.66 90 to 100 Whites 2 12 —10 14 600.00 2 14 .02 100.— 28171 31346 —3175 59517 111.26 100.00 Colored Total 865 1.010 —145 1875 116.76 29036 32.356 —3320 61392 111.43 Tables of an improved form might have been prepared from the exist- ing records, but to render them as perfect as they ought to be, some modi- fication in the system of keeping the records is necessary. We have compiled from the series of printed abstracts, now before us, several tables, containing important facts and deductions in relation to the vital statistics of Boston. Some others might have been presented had we gone back to the original records, but they would hardly have paid the great labour required for compilation. To render these tables more clearly understood, the condition of the population should be known. We have, therefore, com- piled several tables from the different censuses, to illustrate this point. We have already given an account of the population of Boston previous to 1775. Table II presents the particulars of the population according to the several different enumerations from 1765 to 1830. From this table we have compiled the following abstract, to exhibit the increase of the popula- tion : — Table III, showing the increase of the population at eight enumerations, from 1790 to 1837. Actual Increase. Increase per cent. Square Years. Population. One in y'rds to each. Total. Annual. Total. Annual. 1790 18.038 — 201 1800 24.937 6899 689.9 38.24 3.82 26 145 1810 33.250 8313 831.3 33.33 3.33 30 109 1820 43.298 10048 1004.8 30.22 3.02 33 83 1825 58.281 14983 2996.6 34.60 6.92 14 64 1830 61.392 3111 622.2 5.33 1.06 94 62 1835 78.603 17211 3442.2 28.03 5.60 17 49 1837 80.325 1722 861.0 2.19 1.09 91 49 From this statement it appears that the greatest increase of the population was from 1820 to 1825, being 14,983, equal to an annual increase of 6.92 Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. per cent., or 1 in 14. The least increase was in 1825 to 1830, being only 1.06 per cent, annually. The whole increase from 1790 to 1837, was 445.3 per cent., or doubling the first mentioned number about 4£ times. In 1796, Boston, exclusive of South Boston, was estimated to contain 750 acres, or 3,630,000 square yards, including the streets. This may not have been strictly correct, but was an approximation to the truth ; and proba- bly the inhabited parts do not now contain more than that quantity of terri- tory. This would give 201 square yards to each inhabitant in 1790, and 49 in 1837, being an increased density of 5 to 1. Table IV, showing the population living at each age of the different sexes. Age. Under 10 10 to 16 16 to 26 26 to 45 45 and upwards Total. Proportion of females to 100 males. Proportior of populat ion living it each age. 1800 1810 1820 1825 1800 25.84 12.23 23.04 25.71 13.18 100.00 1810 27.50 12.40 23.80 26.13 10.17 100.00 1820 25.74 12.97 19.51 31.99 9.79 100.00 1825 100.85 106.61 120.98 103.70 134.81 99.04 111.88 111.48 99.39 140.19 102.19 122.72 127.49 81.32 171.33 101.65 111.59 99.56 91.49 125.11 22.20 11.84 26.99 28.74 10.23 100 00 110.77 107.30 102.10 101.96 The proportion of living males to living females deserves consideration. There have been in Boston more females than males. The proportion of the aggregate number of each sex of all ages was in 1790, as 100 males to 104.72 females, and in 1800, as 100 to 110.77. The proportion, however, became more equal in 1825, when it was reduced, and was as 100 to 101.96. In 1830, it was as 100 to 111.43. These facts will appear from Table IV, which also shows the census of 1830, and the proportion of each sex living at the different ages. In 1810 there were less females than males living under 10 years. At all other periods under 26 years, excepting 1825, there were more females than males. In the ages 26 to 45, there were more males than females at each enumeration excepting 1800. Above 45 there were from 25 to 70 per cent, more females than males. The most striking difference was in 1820. The proportion of the sexes then changes in the ages 26 to 45; to the ages 45 and upwards, from 81.52 to 171.33 per cent., a difference of 90 per cent. This shows the changeable nature of our popu- lation. The ages of 24 to 45 embrace the transient inhabitants — persons in single life, who come here to reside a few years, and afterwards remove. The proportion of population living at all ages will also appear from this table. In the census for 1830, we have exhibited the proportion of males to females, and the proportion of both, living at each age ; the number sur- viving, and the proportion per cent, of the surviving at each age ; and the proportion of the number surviving each age, that do not attain the next higher age. These deductions are important, as showing the laws of lon- gevity. Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xix The proportion of white to coloured population has been about the same at each of the enumerations, excepting the last two, when the whites had increased, as will appear from the following statement : Proportion. In 1790. In 1800. In 1810. In 1820. In 1825. In 1830. Of whites, 95.78 95.30 95.60 95.98 96.71 96.95 Of coloured, 4.22 4.70 4.40 4.02 3.29 3.05 100.00 100.00 loo. oo 100.00 100.00 100.00 This shows that in 1790, of the whole population, 95.78 per cent, were white, and the remainder, 4.22, were coloured. In 1830, the proportion of whites had increased, and the coloured decreased, 1.17 per cent. Table V, shoiving the influences of the different years on the number of the deaths, dis- tinguishing the males from the females, and the stillborn, and the proportion to the popu- lation. Years. Population. Deaths. Proportion to population. Males. Females Diff' nee Total. Still born. Total. One in Percent 1811 34.255 373 375 —2 748 46 794 45 2.18 1812 35.260 286 347 —61 633 48 681 55 1.85 1813 36.264 416 334 +82 750 36 786 48 2.06 1814 37.269 367 328 +39 695 32 727 53 1.86 1815 38.274 407 433 —16 830 21 851 46 2.16 1816 39.279 440 433 +7 873 31 904 45 2.22 1817 40.284 453 422 +31 875 33 908 46 2.17 1818 41.288 486 439 +47 927 46 971 44 2.23 1819 42.293 423 366 +57 789 89 878 53 1.86 1820 43.298 505 509 —4 1014 89 1103 42 2.31 Mean. 415.6 397.6 + 180 813.2 47.1 860.3 47 2.09 1821 46.295 678 643 +35 1321 99 1420 35 2.85 1822 49.291 570 518 +52 1088 115 1203 45 2.20 1823 52.288 531 514 +17 1045 109 1154 50 1.99 1824 55.284 623 585 +38 1208 89 1297 45 2.18 1825 58.281 692 670 +22 1362 88 1450 42 2.33 1826 58.903 623 544 +79 1167 87 1254 50 1.98 1827 59.525 495 444 +51 939 83 1022 63 1.57 1828 60.147 603 556 +47 1159 74 1233 51 1.92 1829 60.769 600 556 +44 1156 65 1221 52 1.90 1830 61.392 532 493 552.3 +39 1025 100 1125 59 1.66 Mean. 594.7 +424 1147.0 90.9 1237.9 49 2.05 1831 64.834 676 677 — 1 1353 71 1424 47 2.08 1832 68.276 840 835 +5 1675 86 1761 40 2.45 1833 71.780 679 695 —16 1374 102 1476 52 1.91 1834 75.160 765 675 — 10 1440 114 1554 52 1.91 1835 78.603 991 828 +163 1819 95 1914 43 2.31 1836 79.464 831 817 +14 1648 122 1770 48 2.07 1837 80.325 875 868 +7 1743 100 1843 46 2.16 1838 81.186 937 862 + 75 1799 121 1920 45 2.21 1839 82.215 863 859 +241 1722 141 1863 44 2.23 Mean. 745.7 711.6 +241 1457.3 95.2 1552.5 45 2.14 xx Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. The preceding- table, (Table V,) being the first compiled from the printed bills of mortality, presents a general view of the number of deaths each year, from 1811 to 1839, distinguishing the males from the females. The still-born, having never lived, are excluded from the number of deaths in all correct bills of mortality, and are here placed in a separate column. The population at the different enumerations, and the estimated population for the intervening years, and the ratio which the deaths bear to the popula- tion, are given. The least mortality in one year was in 1827, being 939, one in 63, or 1.57 per cent., and the greatest in 1821, being 1,321, one in 35, or 2.85 per cent. The average annual deaths were 813, from 1811 to 1830 — one in 47, or 2.09 per cent., 1147 from 1821 to 1830 — one in 49, or 2.05 per cent., and 1,552 from 1831 to 1839 — one in 46, or 2.14 per cent., showing a small increase in the force of mortality. Mortality of different Ages. — The number of deaths varies very much in the different ages, being in some much greater than in others. We have presented in table VI the number who have died under 1, between 1 and 2, 2 and 5, 5 and 10, and at each subsequent decennial period of life. This has been done for the different sexes, and in the different periods of time — the 10 years, 1811 to 1820, and 1821 to 1830, and the 9 years, 1831 to 1839, that we might institute a comparison between the different periods, to ascertain whether the proportion of deaths was the same in each, and also for the whole 29 years. The greatest number of deaths in any one period mentioned, is under one year, in the period 1831 to 1839, being 2861. The next greatest is between 20 and 30 of the same period, being 1843. The least number is between 90 and 100. Table VI, showing the influences on the number of deaths in different ages, distinguishing the males from the females, in three different periods of time. Age. 181 1-1820 1821-1830. 1831-1S39. 1811-1839. Males Females Total. Males Females Total. Males Fem'Is Total. 2861 Males Fem'Is Total. Under 1 765 610 1375 1129 833 1962 1596 1265 3490 2708 6198 1 to 2 435 397 832 580 640 1220 848 933 17S1 1863 1970 3833 2 to 5 267 224 491 428 365 793 849 749 1598 1544 1338 2882 5 to lu 151 133 284 233 173 406 344 275 619 728 581 1309 10 to 20 194 236 430 1133 234 671 299 733 533 1404 272 871 463 972 735 1843 700 2090 998 2290 1698 4380 20 to BU 548 585 30 to 40 509 471 980 750 642 1392 913 738 1651 ! 2172 1851 4023 40 to 50 497 374 871 623 466 1089 651 505 1156 1771 L345 3116 50 to 60 300 260 560 389 331 720 456 365 821 1145 956 2101 60 to 70 201 255 456 233 287 520 303 343 646 737 885 1622 70 to 80 160 226 386 1S1 m* 429 198 298 496 539 772 1311 80 to 90 74 119 193 89 137 22G 85 140 225 248 396 644 90 to too 5 24 29 11 26 37 15 36 51 31 86 117 Sum 4106 3914 8020 5551 5180 10731 7401 70S2 144S3 17058 16176 :;:;j:i4 Unknown 50 62 112 396 343 737 56 34 90 502 439 941 34175 Total 4156 3976 8132 5947 5523 11470 7457 7116 14573 17560 16615 Sbattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. s § > ft,.© ft, IS 3 «u „ V CO •^s ft. 05 CO CO 1 CO CO •aSs jxau aqi a.iojaq aip oqA\ sSv pauoijaaiu js.iy aqi aAiA.ms oq<\\. asoqi jo -juao .iad uop.iodojj 0~ cOt-NOOiONN° vi t>- d 12 OJ -* O 1C ■* 1-1 S -* W CO CO w ■* 00 2 baa a '_> ** > S ~B CO a . *i •J a OHTftOCOCOWCOWOlO OffiOlOX^ffNCOOCO ' oocN'i^-*coiocri>0'-i OlOlO^CONH 1 .2 S 0.= S a coco-*ffitsioo:ao(N®-- CO •* CI CO M< C5 CO - N N lO -t(NOIOCON-*N« ^COl>CfilOMNri 3 a> « H 2 a « CD ra •j cc •-T3 O 3 a . *» '•3 a t. CD O O O c. n a co « t- © fuo us ONOt--*050^^"OW COirt.lONHt^lO'^COrH 1 (T> J^ — 0) O ,Q OCilOCOrtOHCOIOH -Cr,cOtLOlON-TaN10 woMatCHootoirN O i-H H H CO CO d CO CO 7 oq CO •agBlxaa aqiajc panoiiaara as.it; asoqi jo 'laao a )jaq aip oqAv age aqjaAiAans oqAv 3d noiyodojd ■H-ooiwo-^Hoan? oocoHcoqcoafflO)^ 1-^ co x -*' 00 to n e>i i-J 10 S CO NCOCOCOtCOCO° li a> w>a n 02 a . *> ■-S a X. tOCOlO'OC^CCJ'^CO-'J'OS- co'wco-*o6-*^c *■ CD bita a !E'a p. -J HNcoviooi^cecs xxii Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Bostoyi. In table VII we have given the aggregate number of deaths, and calcu- lated the proportion per cent, of the deaths at each specified interval of age. It appears that 2698, or 33.64 per cent., of the whole deaths in 1811 to 1820 were under 5 years of age, and that 14.13 per cent., the next greatest pro- portion, was between the ages of 20 and 30. In the next column of this table we have presented the number who survive each specified age, and . in the fourth column the proportion per cent, of the surviving. It appears from this table that 5322, or 66.36 per cent., of the deaths in 1811 to 1820 survived the age of 5 years; 1624, or 20.25 per cent., survived the age of 50 years; and 222, or 2.77 per cent., survived the age of 80 years. In the fifth column we have presented the law of mortality calculated from the deaths alone, and given the proportion percent, of the number of those who were alive at the beginning of each specified age, and who died before the next specified age. Of the whole deaths, 33.64 per cent, were under 5 years ; of those who survived 5 years, 5.33 per cent, died before they at- tained 10 years ; of those who survived 10 years, 8.53 per cent, died before they attained 20 years ; and so on for each successive period, as appears in the table. We have presented these four different kinds of facts concerning the other periods, 1821 to 1830, and 1831 to 1839. A comparison of these facts presents some very important considerations. It has been repeatedly said that the great improvements in the science of medicine — in the nature and treatment of disease, and other causes, have increased the average longevity of mankind ; that life is more valuable now than it formerly was ; and that these improvements are constantly going on. The value of life is estimated by the number of years we live. A long life is more valuable than a short one. It is said to be improved in value, when the various circumstances, which surround us, add to the number of years of existence, as compared with other causes, which have existed in other places or periods of time. No correct conclusion can be made in regard to such comparison, except by a careful examination of the facts. A sufficient number of these is not, however, as yet attainable in this country to enable us to investigate the subject so fully and satisfactorily as could be desired. We can present some important ones in relation to Boston. By table I we are enabled to compare the ratio of mortality in Boston to the population, during a portion of the last century, with that prevailing at the present time, after an interval of nearly 100 years. There was then 1 death to about 30 or 35, or 3 per cent., of the population. Now according to table IV there is 1 in about 45, or 2.10 per cent., of the population. This shows a very great improvement in the relative value of life. A comparison of other facts in the two tables will also present some very striking consid- erations. In consequence of the ages of the deaths not being then given, we are unable to estimate the comparative value of life at the different ages. To estimate accurately the value of life in any place, two important ele- ments are necessaiy to be known : first, the number of the living at each age, Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. and, secondly, the number of deaths at the same age. That we might make a calculation approximating to the truth in regard to Boston, we have taken the population of 1830, according to table II, and have distributed the 1875 blacks among the whites of the different ages according to their respective proportions. From the bills of mortality we have ascertained the number of deaths for the 10 years, 182G to 1835, five years before and five years after the census was taken, and have distributed the whole, including 126 deaths whose ages were unknown, in the same manner in regard to age as the living. One-tenth of these is the annual average, and consequently the number of deaths for 1830. By dividing one by the other, the annual pro- portion of the deaths to the living at each age will appear, as in the following statement. We have added the results of a similar calculation made by Mr. Milne, in his valuable treatise on life insurance, respecting the value of life in Carlisle, in England, which is there considered a favourable specimen of healthy life. Statement showing the population of Boston for 1830, the deaths for 10 years, 1826 to 1835, and the proportion of the annual deaths to 100 con- stantly living in Boston and Carlisle. Age. Population in 1830. Deaths 1826-183;"). Centesimal proportion of deaths to the living. In Boston. In Carlisle. Difference. Under 5 7822 5176 6.48 8.22 —1.74 5 to 10 5919 515 .85 1.02 —.17 10 to 20 12025 659 .54 .58 —.04 20 to 30 15687 1719 1.07 .75 +.32 30 to 40 8793 1656 1.84 1.05 +.79 40 to 50 486G 1130 2.27 1.43 + 84 50 to 60 2490 775 3.05 1.82 +1.23 60 to 70 1276 607 4.63 4.12 +.51 70 to 80 489 465 9.12 8.29 +.83 80 to 90 136 235 16.94 17.56 —.52 90 to 100 14 44 30.76 28.44 +2.32 59517 12981 Mean 2. 13 2.50 Total Blk's 1875 Unk'n 126 61392 13107 By this statement it appears that the proportion of deaths to the living is greater in Carlisle than in Boston under the age of 20, and between the ages of 80 and 90. At the other ages it is greater in Boston. Between the ages of 50 and 60, and 90 and 100, there is the greatest difference, being in the former 1.23, and in the latter 2.32. The mean of all ages is 2.13 per cent, in Boston and 2.50 per cent, in Carlisle, showing a difference of .37 in favour of the former. This presents the law of mortality in Boston, as accurately as it could be done from any data at present existing. It is, however, difficult, if not impossible, to determine it with perfect precision by any general statement concerning a population so changeable as that of our city. We have arranged the tables including the deaths from 1811 to 1839 in such form, that we can institute a comparison between the relative mortality XXIV Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. of the different periods, 1811 to 1820, 1821 to 1830, and 1831 to 1839.. This comparison presents some very striking facts, and shows that, although the average value of life is greater now than during the last century, it is not so great as it was twenty years ago ; that it was at its maximum in 1811 to 1820, and that it has since somewhat decreased. It appears that 33.64 per cent, of the deaths in 1811 to 1820 were under 5 years of age, 37.04 per cent, in 1821 to 1830, and that 43.09 per cent, in 1831 to 1839, show- ing a gradual increase of the relative mortality under that age, and between the first and the last given period, a difference of 9.45 per cent, or a propor- tional increase of mortality of 28 per cent. ! It is a melancholy fact, and one which should arrest the attention of all, that 43 per cent, or nearly half of all the deaths which have taken place in Boston during the last nine years, are of persons under 5 years of age ; and the proportional mortality of this age has been increasing. A comparison may be made between other ages by table VII in two ways, one by taking the difference between the proportions per cent, of the dying each age in the different periods, or by subtracting the second columns of each period from each other ; and the other by taking the difference between the proportion per cent, of those who survive the first mentioned age, and die before they attain the next age, or by subtracting the fifth columns of each period from each other. The first method is not so correct as the second ; for, if a greater proportion die under 5 years of age, there must of course be a less propor- tion die at each of the other ages, even if the number proportional to the living at that age be the same. It is not so in regard to the other method. The mortality of one age is not dependent on any other, and the table shows the projiortion of the whole number of. deaths, who attain the age of 5, 10, 20, or any other given period, who die before they attain the next given period. This calculation shows the law of mortality for a place as accurately as can be shown from any calculation from records of deaths alone. We have given below the difference between the proportion per cent, of the deaths at each period. The sign plus shows that the mortality is greater, and minus that it was less in the last period than the first. Difference Difference Difference between 1811 to 1820 between IS 121 to 1830 between 1811 to 1820 and 1821 to 1830. and 1831 to 1839. and 1831 to 1839. AGE 2d column. bth column. 2d column. 5th column. 2d column. bth column, Under 5 + 3.40 + 3.40 + 6.05 + 6.05 + 9.45 + 9.45 5 to 10 + .25 + .67 + .48 + 1.50 + .73 + 2.17 10 to 20 — .39 — .14 — .11 + 1.25 — .28 + 1.11 20 to 30 — 1.05 — .45 — .35 + 2.62 — 1.40 + 2.17 30 to 40 + .75 + 5.65 — 1.57 — 1.12 — .82 + 4.53 40 to 50 — .71 + 1.14 — 2.17 — 1.99 — 2.88 — .85 50 to 60 — .28 + 2.83 — 1.04 — .65 — 1.32 + 2.18 60 to 70 — .84 + .05 — .38 + 2.65 — 1.22 + 2.70 70 to 80 — .81 — 1.49 — .58 + 2.25 — 1.39 + .76 80 to 90 — .24 — 1.05 — .62 — 4.71 — .86 — 5.7a 90 to 100 — .02 + .01 — .01 Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xxv It appears from this table that the value of life has slightly improved between the ages 30 and 60 and over 80, the chances being somewhat greater than they were twenty years ago, that a person of these ages will live to the next higher age. Under 30 the mortality has increased; the greatest how- ever is under 5. The mortality for 1838 was greater than in any other year, being 47.65 wanting but 2.35 per cent, of half the whole deaths, show- ing in that year a greater mortality under 5, than the average eight previous years, of 4.68 per cent., and that of the first ten years of 14.51 per cent. The causes of this increasing and alarming mortality should be investi- gated, and, if jjossible, removed. We have endeavoured to ascertain some of these causes. Allowance should, we suppose, be made for the customs of the times. More luxury and effeminacy in both sexes prevail now than formerly ; and this may have had some influence in producing constitutional debility, and the consequent feeble health of children. The nursing and feeding of children with improper food is another cause. The influence of bad air in confined, badly located, and filthy houses, is another and perhaps the greatest. Epidemic diseases which are particularly prevalent among children have increased. It will hereafter be shown that scarlet fever has prevailed very much the last nine years, and has increased the mortality. In the period 1811 to 1820, this disease produced 13 per 1000 ot the whole deaths. In 1831 to 1838, it produced 489. Other infantile diseases have also increased. These considerations would, perhaps, sufficiently ac- count for the increased mortality under 5 years of age. We had supposed that a greater mortality prevailed in certain localities, and in certain classes of our population than in others, and we have en- deavoured to ascertain how far the supposition is founded on fact. Though the records do not specify, as they ought, the place of residence of those whose deaths are recorded, they do give, in all cases, the places of burial. We have compiled the following statement from a list of all those, who were buried from Boston in the South Boston and Charlestown Roman Catho- lic burial grounds. Of the 1987 Catholic burials during the six years, 1833 to 1838, com- prising 1028 males and 958 females, 61.39 per cent, were under 5 years. The still-born during the same time, and in the same religious denomination,, not included in the above, were 125, or 5.77 per cent, of the whole burials; 112, or about 5£ per cent, only, lived to see 50 years of age, and 30, or less than 2 per cent, lived to 70. During the year 1838 there were 439 burials; of whom 303, or 171 males and 132 females, were under 5 ; and 136, or 57~ males and 79 females, were over 5. This is a mortality of 75 per cent, of the whole male deaths, and 60 per cent, of the whole female deaths under 5 ;, leaving 25 per cent, only of the males and 40 per cent, of the females, or 31 per cent, of both sexes, to survive that early age- This shows a great increase in mortality, and will account for the increase of the deaths under 5 years of age. The influx of unacclimated foreign emigrants, and the great number of xxvi Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. families crowded into the houses in Broad street, Ann street, and other densely populated parts of the city, render the air very impure, and expose the lives of infants, who are compelled to breathe it, to almost inevitable death. The influences of such circumstances are not confined to the places where they exist, but are extended to the population in the neighbourhood, and epidemics are generated, which are no doubt injurious to the general health of the city. Mortality of different Sexes. — The difference in the mortality of the two sexes is given in tables V and VI, from which it appears that there were ISO more female than male deaths in 1811 to 1820; 424 in 1821 to 1830, and 341 in 1813 to 1839. There were four yeai's in the first period, and three in the last only, when there were more male than female deaths. The pro- portion of the different sexes will appear from the following statement. Deaths. Average. Proportion. Males 4156 415 51.11 as 100 or 104.59 Females 397G 397 48.89 to 95.66 100. Total, 8132 813 100.00 } < Males 5947 594 51.85 as loo or 107.67 c Females 5523 553 1147 48.15 to 92.87 100. Total, 11470 100.00 ^ Males 7457 828 51.17 as 100 or 104.79 c Females 7116 790 48.83 to 95.42 100. 1811 to 1820 1821 to 1830 1831 to 1839 Total, 14573 1618 100.00 The proportion of male and female deaths to the population in the years when the census was taken, was as follows : One in Excess. Proportion per cent. Excess. 1820 Males 41 Females 44 3 Males 2.41 Females 2.27 14 1825 " 41 " 43 2 " 2.32 " 2.27 5 1830 " 54 " 65 11 " 1.83 " 1.52 31 1835 " 39 " 48 9 " 2.54 " 2.07 47 This statement shows that the agents of death are uniformly more active with male than female life. In the following table we have given the number of deaths of each sex for the different intervals of age, as in table V, and the proportion of each sex for the period 1811 to 1838. Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xxvn Age. Under 1 1 to 2 2 to 5 to 10 to 20 to 30 to 40 to 50 to 60 to 70 to 80 to 90 to 100 Observed. Calculated. Males. Females. Males. Females. 3315 2572 56.31 43.69 1756 1861 48.54 51.46 1426 1232 53.65 46.35 675 537 55.69 44.31 669 942 41.34 58.66 2009 2159 48.20 51.80 2071 1775 53.84 46.16 1693 1278 56.99 43.01 1099 915 54.56 45.44 700 849 45.19 54.81 521 741 41.28 58.72 241 376 39.06 60.94 31 83 27.18 72.82 It appears from this statement, that at the ages under 10 years, and between 30 and 60, more males than females die, the proportion rising in 40 to 50, as 56.99 to 43.01 per cent. At the other periods specified there are less male than female deaths ; the difference after the age of 60 continu- ally increasing, until 90 to 100, when it was as 27.18 to 72.82 per cent. By table II it appears that there were a greater number of males than females at any age among the living population. A comparison of these with the deaths will show that at certain ages a greater proportional mortality prevails among males, and at other ages among females. Mortality of the Different Seasons of the Year. — In table VIII we have arranged the deaths in each period according to the months in which they occurred, distinguishing the males from the females, and placing before the numbers the sign minus, when it was less, and the sign plus, when it was greater than the mean. In the third column we have given the proportion, which the total of each month bears to 12000, or 1000 per month, and in the fourth column, the number, indicating the order of the month in regard to mortality — the highest being numbered 1. It appears from this statement, that the months of August, September, and October, have the highest mor- tality. December is number 4 in each period ; November 5 in the last, and 6 in the others. June has uniformly the least mortality. If the proportions are arranged according to the seasons of the year, they will be as follows : 1811-1820. 1821-1830. 1831-1839 Winter, 2.801 2.775 3.000 Spring, 2.842 2.825 2.622 Summer, 2.807 2.996 2.800 Autumn, 3.550 4.434 4.578 12,000 12,000 12,000 XXV111 Shattuck 07i the Vital Statistics of Boston. > pq COH«OCOiHNlo-* tSNOO^M-tOaO^NO o o o o © o o COCO — SNSOffll^OO^Mffl l^XCOOXiO^rHrtMCOX — ©— '©CiC5©-*»0-*COCO +++++ oiCi>o-* | -fcc* ococ^cs^cci-^co-^oooo O— ' CO --f -* C: CO CC © CC t- CO C5COCT. CSCJl^© — CO — ©C5 ©o©o©©© — — ^©d (NCOOlOOCO^CO-rOC-l^ ©I— COd©^©"— ' N - ' © © I I I I I I I + ++ I I NOW •ON — leMco-^ioccTt^co©© <;; Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xxix In table IX, we have endeavoured to arrange the facts for one period, 1821-1830, to ascertain what influence the seasons have upon the mortality of different ages. We have given the whole deaths during the time, the mean or average of each month at each age, and the difference from this mean, placing the sign minus, when the mortality of the month at any age was less, and plus when it was greater, than this mean. Table IX, showing the influence of the different months of the year on the number of deaths, in the different ages, for the years 1821-1830, inclusive. Age. Whole leaths. Ja nuary. Diff'ce from February. "3 [arch. Diff'ce from April. April. Average or monthly mean. ,g Diff'ce from , OS Diff'ce from Diff'ce from 1962 Q mean. A meau. <0 mean. mean. Q mean. Under 1 163.50 151 —12.60 121 —42.50 140 —23.50 140 —23.50 123 —40.50 1 to 2 1220 101.67 68 —33.67 46 — 55.67 65 —36.67 Sll —21.67 7:; —28.67 2 to 5 793 66.08 64 —2. OS 47 —19.08 65 —1.08 62 — 4.0S 69 +2.92 5 to 10 406 33.83 33 —.S3 21 —12.83 23 +10.83 41 —7.17 29 —4.83 10 to 20 533 44.42 46 +1.58 40 —4 42 40 —4.42 31 —13.42 52 +7.58 20 to 30 1404 117.— li4 — 3.— 106 —11.— 114 — 3. — 123 +6— 122 +5. 30 to 40 1392 116.— 112 — 4.— 98 —18.— 126 +10.- 123 ■K-- 123 +7— 40 to 50 1089 90.75 88 —2.75 88 —2.75 93 +2.25 89 —1.75 105 —14.25 50 to 60 720 60.— 76 +16.- 51 — 9. - 58 — 2. — 54 —6— 65 +5— 60 to 70 520 43.34 42 —1.34 49 +5.66 51 +7.66 53 +9.66 35 —8.34 70 to 80 4'29 35.75 36 +.25 50 +14.25 38 —2.25 :',;', —2.75 35 —.75 80 to 90 226 18.83 31 +12.17 23 +4.17 18 —.S3 22 +3.17 13 —5.83 90 tolOO Total 37 3.08 8 + 1.92 3 —.08 3 —.08 1 —2.08 3 —.08 —47.25 10731 894.25 869 — 25.75 743 —151.25 S34 —60.26 852 —42.25 847 Under 1 11.-. June. —48.5 July. A ugust. September. 0( 192 :tober. +2S.50 November. December. 158 —5.50 241 —77.50 293 +130.50 145 —18.50 144 —19.50 1 to 2 64 —37.65 102 +.33 170 +68.33 224 +122.33 157 +55.33 101 — .67 70 —31.67 2 to 5 72 +4.92 47 —19.03 72 +5.92 78 +11.92 77 +10.92 70 +3.92 72 +5.92 5 to 10 42 +8.17 25 —8.83 46 +12.17 39 +5.17 36 +2.17 34 +.17 37 +3.17 10 to 20 40 —4.42 49 +4.58 42 —2.42 55 +10.58 47 +2.58 46 +1.5S 45 +.58 20 to 30 75 —42.— 122 +5.- 129 +12.- 125 +8.- 149 +32— 100 —17— 125 +8. 30 to 40 101 —15.— 139 +23.- 100 —16.— 125 +9.- 124 +8. 124 +8— 97 —19— 40 to 50 60 —30.75 101 +10.25 89 —1.75 95 +4.25 103 +12.25 94 +3.25 83 —7.75 50 to 60 60 — 0.— 58 — 2. — 55 — 5. 53 —7. 54 —6— 56 —4— 80 +20. 60 to 70 32 —11.34 38 —5.34 48 —4.66 41 —2.34 51 +7.66 :;s —5.34 42 —1.34 70 to 80 29 — 6.75 29 —6.75 33 —2.75 26 —9.75 28 —7.75 50 +14.25 42 +6.25 80 to 90 13 —5. S3 10 —8.83 23 +4.17 13 —5.83 18 —.83 20 +1.17 22 +3.17 90 to 100 —3.08 5 +1.92 —3.08 —3.08 +272.75 4 1040 +.92 3 —.OS 7 +3.92 —28.25 Total 702 —192.08 883 —11.25 1048 +153.75 1167 +145.75 ssl —13.25 866 From this table the following abstract in relation to the seasons has been compiled. Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, Under 20 years. — 205.50 + 5G.50 + 366.50 — 222.50 20 to 60. + 43.75 + 62.75 + 70.75 — 35.75 60 and upwards. + 3. — 49 +-10 + 52 From this statement it appears that the seasons have the greatest influence on the mortality of persons under the age of 20 and over that of 60 — the summer and autumn being most fatal with the former, and winter with the latter. This is the only general law we can deduce from the tables. If we examine and compare particular months and ages a striking difference will appear in the mortality, but not enough to deduce any general law from it. The Stillborn. — The number and proportion of the stillborn burials will appear from the following statement: s. Shattuek on the Vital Statistics of Boston. 1811-1820 1821-1830 1831-1839 Number. Proportion. Number. Proportion. Number. Proportion. Deaths, 8,132 = 95.52 11,470 = 92.66 14,573 = 93.87 Stillborn, 471 = ."..48 909 = 7.34 952 = 6.13 Total burials, 8,603 100.00 12,379 100.00 15,525 100.00 The proportion of the stillborn to the whole burials was 1.82 per cent, in the second, and .65 per cent, in the third period, more than in the first. By table VIII it appears that the month producing the highest projiortion was August, and that March was the next highest. There appears, however, to be less variation, in regard to the seasons, in these than in the other deaths. Diseases. — In compiling an abstract of the diseases, or causes of death, we have confined ourselves to the printed bills of mortality, as we have done in preparing the other tables, and have not gone back to the original records. If this had been done, nothing of great importance, in addition, would have been obtained, unless an entire new set of tables had been formed, which should distinguish each case with respect to age and sex. The records in this respect are not full, and probably they are not always correct in regard to the cause of death inseited. The bills, however, contain the amount of all the deaths in the city, and it is presumed that they also contain a faithful abstract of the records concerning the diseases. There has been considerable difficulty, and great care and labour has been expended, in arranging the diseases from the different annual bills themselves. The nomenclature has been several times altered, and a disease is often returned one year under a name differing from that of the same disease contained in the return of another year, and even in the same year, one and the same disease often ap- pears under two synonymous names, sometimes under the popular, and sometimes under the scientific name, or under both popular names. Another feature of the bills is the indefinite idea conveyed by the names often given to the diseases. It appears from table XI, that of the whole deaths 111.6, 167.1, and 85.8 per 1000, in the respective period, were re- turned as occurring from unknown causes, and that 267.6, 160.5, and 158.4, per 1000, from diseases whose seat or character was undetermined. These two classes amount on the average to about one-third of the whole deaths. There are also many cases returned under the name of "Rupture," "De- bility," "Tumour," "Infantile Diseases," "Complication of Disorders," &c. ; and another class under the general name of " Complaint," " Disease of the Heart," or "Disease of the Lungs," &c, without specifying the par- ticular kind or type of the disease. This is a great defect in our records and tables ; and it should arrest the attention of the medical profession, whose reputation with that of the city, is in some resjjects involved in it. These imperfections in bills of mortality, however, are not peculiar to Boston. The same defect, to a greater or less extent, has existed in those published in other places in this country, and until recently in Great Britain. It is to be attributed to the imperfections of our system of registration, to the Siiattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston, xxxi ignorance, carelessness, or entire neglect, of those whose duty it is to make the returns, and to the want of proper forms and classification of our printed tables. In 1836 a nomenclature, revised and considerably improved, was printed by the city ; but it is believed that some further modification is necessary to make it as perfect as it should be. Some names might be omitted, and others substituted, and the whole arranged in two forms, one in alphabetical and numerical order, the other classed in groups according to the seat of, or parts affected by, the disease. In this way the nomenclature might be ren- dered more simple and exact ; and when made, a form of a return should be prepared and every person concerned should not be requested merely, but required to conform to it in all respects to the extent of his power, and no burial should be permitted until the return is first obtained. In 1836 a cir- cular was addressed by the city authorities to the members of the medical profession, and to the funeral undertakers, requesting them to conform to the new nomenclature, but from the fault of one party or the other, the returns relative to the cause of death are still defective. From these remarks some of the difficulties, which have presented them- selves in preparing the following tables, will be perceived. The tables will, however, imperfect as they are, convey much important information, and suggest how much more valuable tables of this kind would have been, if the original returns, from which they were compiled, had been made full and uniformly correct ; and the annual printed abstracts themselves prejiared in a different form, and on the principles of accurate classification. It has been considered sufficient by many writers on this subject to pre- pare the tables, so as to exhibit the number of the deaths by each disease for certain definite periods of time given. But this information appears to fall short of the result which ought to be presented in such tables. To render them useful, a comparison should be made between the number of deaths by each disease, and the whole number of deaths in a certain given period, and this result should be again compared with a similar result concerning other pe- riods. In this way the prevalence of any particular disease compai'ed with that of other diseases at the same period, and with same diseases at different periods, may be at once seen, and a judgment formed from the per centage what proportion of deaths that particular disease occasions, and whether it be on the increase or decrease. The sex, age, and place of nativity of the diseased, and the season of the year in which the deaths occurred, are not stated in connection with the diseases in our printed tables, but they should be. The fatality of disease depends much on the age of the patients, and it is not the same in chilhood, manhood, and old age, nor with the different sexes, and in the different months of the year. It is very important to know all such facts in relation to each disease, and the danger that man has to encounter in all ages, and under all circumstances. It would also be im- portant, if practicable, to know the number of deaths by each disease in *3 xxxii Skattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. proportion to the population, distinguishing them according to their ages. When facts like these are known they Avill lead to inquiries into the causes, which have produced an increase or diminution of disease, under different circumstances, and lead to the adoption of the proper remedies. The following tables have been arranged on the basis of the nomenclature contained in the valuable Report of the Registrar-General of Births, Deaths, and Marriages in England, with such alterations as seemed necessary to render them more simple, and better adapted to our circumstances. Causes of death of a similar character, though entered under different names in dif- ferent years, have been classed together, so as to show, as far as practicable, the prevalence of the same disease during the whole period. Table X con- tains the number of deaths by each disease in every year from 1811 to 1839 inclusive. They are divided into three periods, the first from 1811 to 1820, the second from 1820 to 1830, and the third from 1830 to 1839 inclusive, and the amount of each given in a sejiarale column. By comparing these numbers together the relative mortality produced by each different disease, and whether it increases or diminishes, may be seen. It is necessary, how- ever, to bear in mind that a greater number does not always indicate an in- crease of mortality. The increase of the population, and consequent relative increased number of deaths, must always be taken into view. The deaths, exclusive of the stillborn, from October 1810 to 1820, were 8,469, and from 1821 to 1830 they were 11,470, being an increase of 3001, or nearly 3.54 per cent, annually. During the nine last years, from 1831 to 1839, the deaths were 14,573, being an increase of 3,103, or 3 per cent, annually. This shows a little increase in the force of mortality as compared with the increase of population, as has already been shown. Table XI shows the comparison in regard to the several classes of diseases. First Division. — Endemic, Epidemic, and Contagious Diseases. — This class of diseases is the great index to the state of health of a people, and determines more than any other its character in different locations, ami in different periods. We have subdivided this class into fevers, eruptive fevers, and others not classified. (See table X.) Fevers. — A variety of opinions prevails in regard to the nomenclature and arrangement of the different kinds of fevers. We have adopted, as far as circumstance will }:>ermit, the division contained in the American edition of Marshall Hall's Practical Medicine, though it does not agree with the Reports of the Registrar-General of Births and Deaths in England, nor with the Sup- plement to the Encyclopedia of Practical Medicine. There are many cases, found in the Boston tables, returned as " fever "only, without any specification of kind or type. A great variety of names is also given, some of which have been regarded as synonymous. Under Synochus are included all of a mixed character, or not clearly defined, which appear in the printed tables, such as "fever," "anomalous fever," "bilious," "catarrhal," "country," "iso- lated," "miliary," " acute synochus," &c. The term "typhoid" does not Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xxxiii appear in the bills until 1837, and is therefore omitted. Under Typhus are included such as "brain," congestive," "continued," "inflammatory," "jail," "malignant," "nervous," "putrid," "typhoid," &c. We have arranged cases, which appeared in the printed tables as " lung fever," and " pleurisy fever," under Pneumonia, or inflammation of the lungs ; " worm fever," under Worms; "rheumatic fever," under Rheumatism; "scarlet fever," under Scarlatina; "puerperal" and "child-bed fever," under Dis- eases of Child-bed. The deaths by fevers of all kinds were 749, 604, and 721, or 88.4, 52.7, and 49.5 per 1000 of the whole deaths in the respective periods, showing a decrease of 35.7 in the second, and 3.2 in the third. By looking at the different fevers in the tables it will be perceived, that typhus has produced the greatest number of deaths, but still it has very much de- creased ;. being 623, 458, and 611, or 73.5, 39.9 and 41.9 per 1000, showing the last eight years a small increase on the previous 10, but not more than half the proportion of the period 1811 to 1820. The greatest number in one year was 119, in 1818. Ten cases of yellow fever occurred in 1816. 2. Eruptive Fevers. — The diseases of this class occur very irregularly. They have, however, increased. There occurred 64, 402, and 1402, or 7.5, 35.1, and 96.2 per 1000 in the respective periods, the last period showing more than 13 times the mortality of the first. Each of the diseases except- ing thrush, shows an increased mortality. Erysipelas has increased from 1, in the first, to 65 in the last period. Measles was very fatal in 1821, 1825, 1829, 1832, and particularly in 1835, when 188 died of this disease : 28, 332, and 340, or 3.3, 28.9, and 23.1 per 1000 of the whole deaths oc- curred from this disease in the respective periods. Under Scarlatina are included the cases in the bills entered as "scarlet fever," "putrid sore throat," " cynanche maligna," " ulcerated sore throat," " throat distemper," "canker rash," &c, being considered nearly synonymous. Cases of this kind have increased since 1821 to 1830, from 13 to 489 ! It has become one of the most fatal of the eruptive fevers. The suddenness of its attack, the irregular mode of its operation, and its generally fatal termination, has ren- dered it one of the diseases most to be dreaded. The greatest number in one year was in 1839, when 222 died. The next greatest was 200 in 1832. To the prevalence of this disease may be attributed, in some measure, the increased mortality of children under five years of age. The recorded cases of Small pox have been principally at the quarantine establishment at Rains- ford Island. It never prevailed in the city, as an epidemic, during the period under review, until the autumn of 1839. It then spread generally through the city, and produced 60 deaths before the close of the year. 3. Not classified. We have adopted this term to designate such endemic, epidemic, or contagious diseases as ai ; e not included in either of the forego- ing classes. Under Cholera are included cholera morbus, and also 78, 89, and 251 cases in the respective periods which are entered as " cholera infantum," and also 78 cases of Asiatic or spasmodic cholera, which occur- red in 1832. Croup includes the cases of "hives," and "cynanche tra- 14.4 149 12.9 407 27.9 5. 245 21.3 376 25.9 13.5 429 37.4 372 . 25.5 9.2 184 16.0 256 17.5 xxxiv Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. ehealis." This disease resembles quinsy, subsequently classified under the diseases of the organs of respiration ; and the cases may not all be correctly entered in their respective subdivisions. It was thought best, however, to preserve a separate classification. Under Dysentery are included the cases of "diarrhoea," having so close a resemblance as to be here classed toge- ther. The number of deaths by each disease of this class, excepting Hydro- phobia and Syphilis, have increased, though dysentery has not produced so great a proportion in the nine last years, as it did in the previous ten. The following statement will show the comparative prevalence of each of the principal diseases : 1811—1820. 1821—1830. 1831—1839. Diseases. Number. Ratio per 1000. Number. Ratio per 1000. Number. Ratio per 1000. Cholera, 122 Croup, 43 Dysentery, 115 Hoooping Cough, 78 The total of this class of diseases was 380, 1031, and 1499, or 44.9, 89.9, and 102.9 per 1000 in the respective periods. Second Division. — Sporadic Diseases. 1. Of the Nervous System and Senses. — Brain, Spinal Marrow, Nerves, Eyes, Ears. — Under Convulsions we include cases entered as "fits," " spasms,' 1 &c, which are no doubt sometimes erroneously considered as synonymous terms; under Hydrocephalus cases of "dropsy in the head," " effusion of the brain," " hydrocephalus internus," &c, under Phrenilis cases of "brain fever," " inflammation of the brain," &c. It appears from the tables that the whole of the diseases of this class have been 562, 980, and 1515, or 66.4, 85.4, and 104 per 1000 in the different periods, showing a slight increase. The entries under each class, excepting epilepsy, insanity, and tetanus, also show an increase. Insanity has not appeared to increase, though some allowance should be made for the patients afflicted with this disease, who go to the Lunatic Asylums at Worcester and Charlestown, and sometimes die there. If these were considered in our reports they would probably show a different result, and a slight increase of the disease. The following statement shows the proportional prevalence of the three principal diseases of this class. 1811—1820. 1821—1830. 1831—1839. Diseases. Number. Ratio per 1000. Number. Ratio per 1000. Number. Ratio per 1000. Apoplexy, 109 12.8 107 9.3 162 11.1 Convulsions, 229 27. 309 26.9 419 28.7 Hydrocephalus, 86 10.1 270 23.6 498 34.1 2. Of the Organs of Respiration — Larynx, Windpipe, Air-tubes, Lungs, and Pleura. We have included under Pletirisy " pleurisy fever," " pleu- ritis," and " inflammation of the pleura; " under Phthisis, " phthisis pulmo- nalis," and "consumption," also 29 cases in 1820 to 1830, and 18 in 1830 Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xxxv to 1839, returned as " decline," under Pneumonia, "lung fever," "pulmo- nic fever," and "inflammation of the lungs," under Quinsy " eynanche." In the different periods und r consideration, 2460, 2802, and 3214 deaths,, or 290.5, 244.8, and 220.5 per 1000, were caused by this class of diseases. This indicates a decrease of 70 per 1000 from the first to the last period. The following table will show the comparative prevalence of the principal diseases : 1811- -1820. 1821- -1830. 1831- -1839. Number cases. Ratio per 1000. Number cases. Ratio per 1000. Number cases. Ratio per 1000. Pleurisy, 35 4.1 40 3.4 83 5.7 Phthisis, 1891 223.3 2054 179. 2066 141.7 Pneumonia, 436 51.4 580 50.5 937 64.2 The leading disease of this class, and indeed of all classes, is phthisis, or consumption. From these tables it appears to have decreased over one- third from the first to the last period. Entire reliance, however, should not be placed on this statement. There is so much indefiniteness in the applica- tion of the term, consumption, as well as many other terms in our bills, that it should be regarded only as an approximation to the truth. The more accurate diagnosis recently observed has probably given a different classifi- cation to many cases, from that assigned to them in the first period. Con- sumption is, however, a most formidable disease, not in Boston peculiarly, but in all cities and country towns. Sufficient facts are known to show, that from one-fourth to one-seventh of all the deaths in the Northern and Middle states, and perhaps throughout the whole Union, and the civilized world, are caused by consumption. This frightful mortality is to be arrested, if at all, by means of prevention, rather than the cure of the disease after it has once become seated. Were a competent individual to write a popular treatise explaining the various causes of the disease, and the proper precautionary measures to be taken to prevent its attacks, to be read and observed by the people, its mortality might be greatly reduced. 3. Of the Organs of Circulation — Heart, Arteries, Feins, Lymphatics. — Under Disease are embraced 9 cases of " dropsy of the heart," in 1836, and several cases of " angina pectoris " in different years. These diseases have increased, being 22, 81, and 191, or 2.5, 7. and 13.1 per 1000. Of the whole of this class, 24, 90, and 200, or 2.9, 7.9, and 13.7 per 1000 occurred in the different periods. It is supposed as the science of medicine progresses, and the diagnosis of disease becomes more perfect, that diseases of the heart will be found to be the cause of more deaths than at present supposed. 4. Of the Digestive Organs. — Mouth, Q3sox>hagus, Stomach, &c. — Dys- pepsia, as a cause of death, appears less frequently in the two last periods than the first. Under Gastritis are included 3 cases of " gastric fever " in 1837 ; under Disease the cases of " aphthae," " canker," " bowel complaints," and " piles." Canker has sometimes been considered synonymous with scarlatina or quinsy, and some cases should probably have been classed xxxvi Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. among those diseases. The following statement will show the comparative prevalence of some of the principal diseases of this class : 1811- -1820. 1821- -1830. 1831- -1839. N umber cases. Ratio per 1000. Number cases. Ratio per 1000. Number cases. Ratio per 1000. Enteritis, 6 .7 162 14.1 320 21.9 Teething, 39 4.6 83 7.2 247 16.9 Worms, 21 2.5 26 2.2 51 3.5 Most of the other diseases specified have decreased, excepting those of the liver, and the other organs mentioned under the general head, and included under Disease. These have greatly increased. The whole number of cases were 231, 644, and 1K»7, or 27.3, 56.1, and 76, in the different periods. 5. Of the Urinary Organs. — Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra. — Under Stone are included all who died of stone or gravel. In the first period there died of this disease 1 in 1411 of all diseases, in the second 1 in 546, and in the third 1 in 2082. Of all the diseases of this class 9, 30, and 22, or 1.1, 2.6, and 1.5 per 1000 occurred in the respective periods. 6. Of the Organs of Generation. — Under childbed are included cases of " puerperal fever, 1 ' 63, 121, and 175, or 7.4, 10.5, and 12. per 1000, in the respective periods, occurred by this disease; and 64, 132, and 192, or 7.6, 11.5, and 13.2 per 1000 of the Avhole deaths of this class. 7. Of the Organs of Locomotion. — Under Rheumatism cases of " liieu- matic fever," 20, 40, and 40, have been caused by this disease ; and by the whole class 26, 61, and 68, or 3.1, 5.3, and 4.7 per 1000 of the whole deaths. 8. Of the Integumentary System. — Skin, Cellular Tissue. — The deaths by this class were 3, 17, and 26, or .3, 1.5, and 1.8 per 1000 in the respective periods ; Ulcers produced the most deaths in this class. " Scurvy" was the cause of 1 death in 1833, and 1 in 1835. 9. Of Uncertain serct. — The registered deaths by "Infantile Diseases'''' have been 1587, 883, and 867, or 187.4, 77.9, and 59.4 per 1000 in the re- spective periods. The " Sudden" Deaths have been 153, 83, and 70, or 18.0, 7.2, and 4.6 per 1000, showing apparently a large decrease in both of these causes of death. A better acquaintance with morbid anatomy, moi'e accurate medical observation, and greater care in making the returns and rec- ords, have given more definite character to the causes of death, and assigned more of them to their proper place. Many cases, which would have been entered in the first period under these names, have in the last been entered under the other and more specific diseases of infancy, or under apojilexy, dis- eases of the heart, and other causes of "sudden" death. This has appar- ently decreased the number of cases of infantile diseases and sudden deaths, and increased the number of cases of other diseases in the tables. These facts are to be considered in estimating the comparative mortality of the dif- ferent diseases. The registered deaths by Intemjjcrancelv&ve increased, being 65, 257, and 310, or 7, 22.4 and 21.2 per 1000 in the respective periods. Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xxxvii We are inclined to think, however, that the number of deaths by intemper- ance has not increased so much as the above statement might indicate, but that a different name may have been sometimes given to this cause of death. The cause of the disease, and not the disease itself, may have been entered. An inspection of the table will show great inequalities in the number of entries under different years from other causes. This is especially the case with Atrophy, under which are included the entries by "debility," "decline," "cachexia," "emaciation," " marasmus," &c. Since the laws of spoi'adic diseases are such, as to produce about the same proportion of deaths in the same population, in specific periods of time, it is certain that these entries cannot be relied on as being accurate causes of death. The whole number by all this class of diseases was 2266, 1841, and 2163, or 267.6, 160.5, and 148.4 per 1000 of the whole deaths, showing considerable improvement in diagnosis, but showing also that much is yet to be done before the tables can be made as accurate as they should be. 10. Old Age. — The entries under the very indefinite term " Old age' 1 '' were 379, 420, and 581, or 44.8, 36.6, and 39.9 per 1000 in the respective periods. It is worthy of consideration whether many of these cases might not have been entered under some specific disease. 11. Deaths by Violence. — The greatest number from any single cause of death under this class is by Drowning, the pixmortion of which has varied, but not increased. The next greatest is inserted under the very inde- finite name of Casualties, including all who die from accidental causes. The next are by Burns and Scalds. The deaths by Suicide have stood 29, 50, and 95, or 3.4, 4.3, and 6.5 per 1000 in the respective periods, showing a small increase. Murders have decreased. The whole number by this class are 305, 499, and 611, or 36.0, 43.5, 41.9 per 1000 in the different periods, showing but little variation. 12. Unknown Causes. — The tables state the number of deaths, of which the causes are unknown, to have been 945, 1917, and 1251, or 111.6, 167.1, and 85.8 per 1000 in the different periods. This number has varied, and is- now considerably decreased in proportion to the whole deaths, but it is still very much greater than it should be. Greater care on the part of the medi- cal profession, and in making the records would reduce it. From this view of the causes of death in Boston it appears that 1193, 2037, and 3622 cases, or 140.8, 177.7, and 248.6 per 1000 of all the deaths were from epidemic, endemic, and contagious diseases ; and that 7275, 9433, and 10,951 cases, or 859.2, 822.3, and 751.4 per 1000 of all the deaths were from sporadic diseases. This shows an increase of the first, and a decrease of the second division of diseases, in the respective periods. If, as has been stated, the great criterion of health is the comparative prevalence of one or the other of these two great divisions of diseases, it follows that Boston is not now quite as healthy as it was twenty or thirty years ago. This fact, I think, may be inferred also from other investigations given in this article. Sbattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. Table X, showing the number of deaths in Boston ■ 1811 1812 1813 1814 181S lMt 1817 ISIS 1 1819 1 82U 1 1 Total ( Intermittent 2 V 1 Synochus 12 4 6 6 2 10 12 7 42 9 110 a | Spotted 1 1 £ 1. Fevers. [ Typhus 63 23 42 80 51 23 59 119 112 51 623 Q 1 Yellow 10 - 1 1 1 13 p o L Total 75 27 48 86 53 43 71 12* 155 63 15" - f Erysipelas _ - 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 Measles - - - - 21 6 - 1 - - 28 D „ „ . . Scarlatina 1 _ _ 1 _ 3 1 1 12 10 29 ~ - Z™Pt™* \ Small-Pox Fevers. Thnlgh 2 - - - 4 - - 6 - I Total 3 - 1 1 25 9 1 2 12 10 64 0) — 1 f Cholera 63 2 5 3 1 5 8 3 18 14 122 H 1 Croup 1 1 1 2 6 4 11 5 9 3 43 Dysentery 29 2 5 4 12 6 23 4 13 17 115 •- s 1) — 3. Not Classi- fied. 1 Hydrophobia J Hooping-Cough 14 _ 1 1 5 2 9 19 1 3 24 1 7S Influenza - - - - 1 - - — 2 2 5 1 Syphilis 12 4 16 L Total 119 5 12 15 22 24 61 13 45 64 380 r f Apoplexy 13 15 15 3 3 18 17 9 6 10 109 Convulsions 40 12 21 15 23 18 42 29 20 19 229 1. Of the Ner- Delirium Tremens vous System Epilepsy and Senses. Hydrocephalus 33 6 2 3 3 12 - 4 23 - 86 ', iDsanity 1 2 - 2 2 2 - - 3 2 14 Brain, Spinal Paralysis 12 6 6 9 11 8 6 6 - 16 80 Marrow, Phrenitis - I - 1 3 1 6 2 1 7 22 Nerves, Eyes, Tetanus 2 1 - 2 - 1 1 - - - 7 Ears. Disease Total 101 43 1 45 1 36 2 47 1 61 72 60 53 54 5 562 2. Of the Or- 'Asthma _ 2 1 3 gans of Res- Bronchitis - - - - piration. Hydrothorax - - 2 - - - - - - - 2 Pleurisy 8 2 V 3 2 1 4 3 8 2 35 Larynx, Phthisis 221 190 193 153 190 180 231 138 175 220 1891 Windpipe, ] Pneumonia 46 40 41 ■2f, 67 61 47 36 46 26 436 Air tubes, Quinsy 15 17 8 10 7 16 6 4 4 6 93 - C3 Lungs, Pleura. Disease Total 290 - 251 252 192 266 258 288 181 ■>■!* 254 2460 i ! 3. Of the Or- gans of Cir- Aneurism 1 - - - - - - 1 - - 2 culation. Pericarditis i i < Disease 1 1 1 _ - 1 2 5 3 8 22 r 1 Heart, Arte- _ ries, Veins, Total 2 1 1 - - 1 2 6 3 8 24 Lymphatics. (. i Ascites Colic Constipation 2 2 2 I - - - - - 1 5 4. Of the Di- Dyspepsia 15 2 16 - 1 18 12 12 2 11 89 gestive Or- \ Enteritis 1 5 6 gans. Gastritis Hernia 1 3 1 3 1 8 1 Mouth, (Eso- phagus, Sto- J mach, Small Peritonitis Tabes Mesenterica Teething Worms 15 11 1 10 2 1 2 1 2 - 7 7 3 3 3 39 21 Colon, Rectum, Pancreas, Liv- er, (jail. Blad- der, Spleen. Disease 1 Hepatitis 10 4 5 3 2 3 1 2 3 " 5 6 1 6 1 25 30 Disease of the Liver - - - _ 1 _ _ 1 Disease of the Spleen - 1 i 1 Total 58 20 25 6 7 25 15 1 18 24 33 1 231 Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. by d isease in each year, from 1811 to 1839. 1821 1822 18231824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 Total 1831 1832 is: ',3 is:u 1835, 1836 1837 183S 1839| Total _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 2 1 1 5 2 1 _ _ 4 2 3 1 13 18 10 - 19 12 22 9 21 8 14 133 15 5 20 8 23 13 _ 3 9 96 - - - 1 1 2 1 1 45 34 43 62 54 50 46 46 4.", 33 458 43 60 73 70 101 68 93 43 60 611 - 2 1 1 - 1 - - 1 - 6 - - - - - - - c,:; 46 44 83 68 73 55 69 55 48 604 61 66 93 78 12S 83 96 46 70 721 _ _ _ _ 1 _ 8 3 _ _ 12 2 4 4 12 9 3 6 17 8 65 149 3 - 2 77 10 - - 78 13 332 2 70 2 1 188 31 23 20 3 340 4 1 1 - 4 16 8 3 4 5 40 84 200 90 39 73 31 50 106 ?:?.?. 895 - - - 1 1 - 3 2 - 1 8 4 2 - 4 7 6 13 3 60 99 - - - 1 - - - 1 1 1 4 - - - - 3 - - - - 3 153 4 1 4 83 26 19 9 83 20 402 92 276 96 56 2S0 71 92 146 293 1402 15 5 15 IS 24 17 8 26 1 20 149 21 93 20 30 30 30 80 61 42 407 11 10 13 30 30 24 25 25 35 42 245 53 40 43 43 32 31 44 44 46 376 73 40 37 69 60 48 27 31 21 23 429 29 24 41 48 45 38 45 65 37 372 26 5 17 13 27 23 6 40 11 16 184 26 22 28 38 44 17 19 28 34 256- - - - - 7 - - - - - 7 22 24 1 4 2 2 15 2 _ 72 1 126 '2 62 1 83 3 133 3 151 1 113 1 67 3 125 1 69 1 102 17 1031 151 4 207 133 3 166 2 155 118 4 207 2 202 1 162 16 1499 7 6 11 9 12 10 10 18 12 12 107 11 15 19 9 19 19 31 19 20 162 22 11 22 36 48 53 29 32 28 28 309 34 41 39 50 51 50 52 60 42 419 5 - 7 4 7 5 1 7 - 2 38 6 10 3 1 4 5 11 10 8 5S 1 2 1 _ 1 3 - 2 - 12 - 1 1 1 2 _ _ 2 2 9 6 1 11 33 38 29 24 38 42 48 270 51 44 52 53 48 68 59 67 56 498 4 2 - 2 - 1 5 1 3 4 22 1 - - 1 10 4 _ _ 3 19 22 10 5 12 14 9 6 10 11 14 113 11 19 12 13 19 11 13 7 14 119 15 17 16 - 3 3 7 5 7 - 73 - - 11 10 - 5 23 25 11 85 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 1 1 - 6 - 1 - 1 1 2 _ 1 6 82 1 51 1 74 ion 1 123 6 118 6 91 112 7 113 8 116 30 15 129 19 180 7 144 10 149 8 162 15 179 31 220 23 213 12 160 140 980 1515 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 - 1 13 2 1 1 3 4 1 - 4 2 1 2 1 8 1 25 6 2 _ 5 14 3 9 6 1 4 3 47 4 6 7 1 _ 6 9 5 3 41 _ 4 7 6 7 3 2 4 2 40 4 3 8 11 13 14 18 10 2 83 216 166 1S4 246 220 231 17S 217 203 193 2054 203 246 240 246 20S 233 212 256 222 2066 31 41 38 77 67 41 36 89 90 68 580 97 106 77 90 141 99 114 113 100 937 5 7 5 11 - 5 2 1 3 4 43 5 6 2 3 6 5 - _ 3 30 - - - 15 - 2 - 2 6 - 25 - - 3 5 1 3 8 2 4 26 255 221 237 372 298 296 229 313 310 271 2802 316 368 340 361 369 364 364 3S9 343 3214 - 1 7 - - 1 - - - 1 8 - - - - - 1 3 2 o - 4 5 5 3 8 4 10 14 7 7 10 13 81 15 13 16 25 14 23 27 28 30 191 5 3 9 11 10 14 8 7 10 13 90 15 13 16 25 14 24 32 31 30 200 3 1 2 4 3 7 4 2 3 3 2 24 3 15 4 4 4 1 - - 10 1 5 30 3 _ 3 _ 1 1 _ 1 _ _ 1 _ 2 3 3 1 _ 1 11 10 5 15 13 15 24 12 33 21 14 162 18 31 23 38 30 35 41 54 50 320 _ _ -. 4 _ 1 _ 2 - 2 9 - - 1 - - - 3 6 _ 10 : 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 - 1 1 1 12 4 1 1 1 3 - 5 1 - - 2 10 15 8 23 13 12 83 10 21 30 36 24 5 22 30 29 247 4 3 3 3 4 4 1 3 1 26 3 7 7 5 6 7 4 3 9 51 i - - 22 41 25 39 20 18 16 182 28 38 31 29 44 7 10 33 310 3 7 3 - 16 10 1 5 3 2 1 1 - 18 34 1 3 5 2 1 1 1 4 3 21 5 _ 6 _ _ 11 7 10 14 17 70 11 9 12 8 25 14 8 5 9 101 1 1 - 2 1 23 20 35 57 119 86 91 72 76 65 644 77 114 113 121 133 195 99 117 139 1107 ' xl Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. Table X, showing the number of deaths in Boston - a -. I — O — ■J} 5. Of the, Urin- ary Organs. Kidneys, Ure-' ters, Bladder, Urethra. 6. Of the Or- gans of Gen- eration. 7. Of the n,-' gans of Lo- comotion. Joints, Bones, Ligaments, Tendons, Mus- cles, j 8. Of the In- fi gumentary System. , Skin, Cellular Tissue. 9. Of unci rtain scat. 10. OfoldAge.- 11. Death* by Violence. f" Diabetes Cystitis Nephritis Stone Disease Total Childbed Diseases Total Rheumatism Disease Total Carbuncle Fistula Ulcer Disease Total 'Abscess Atrophy Cancer Debility Dropsy Gout Haemorrhage Infantile Diseases Inflammation , Intemperance Malformation Mortification Scrofula Sudden Deaths Tumor Total -Old Age. ' Burns and Scalds Casualties Drinking Cold Water Drowned Fracture Frozen Hanged Murdered Poisoned Suffocation Suicide Total I'nknown Causes 1811 14 14 1 2 3 «2 20 5 28 21 3 4 2 11 25 lsi- 1 1 5 5 16 1 133 12 4 24 190 35 2 6 10 1 Z 22 32 1813 1 1 5 5 1 1 17 1 1 206 7 11 245 48 2 9 15 1 1 28 39 1814 6 6 1 1 1 17 2 208 8 1 14 251 39 5 3 10 1 19 43 1815 4 4 1 1 1 6 14 1 222 6 1 11 262 44 5 4 12 1 1 6 29 71 1816 12 12 3 1 4 1 1 1 37 2 12 1 195 3 13 21 286 37 5 5 12 2 4 28 84 1817 3 3 3 3 7 7 3 11 36 3 157 3 9 1 13 236 50 9 7 13 1 3 33 32 IMS 1 1 •j 4 4 1 1 5 3 2 23 1 4 156 3 4 2 12 2 1819 2 2 6 6 1 1 3 9 23 5 147 11 'l 13 212 29 3 8 2 13 1 1 1 4 33 178 lS'.'O ■2 2 S 1 9 3 1 4 1 1 4 14 4 4 163 31 7 8 9 246 39 3 12 1 9 1 4 2 3 6 41 187 Total 2 6 1 9 63 1 64 20 6 26 1 2 3 13 58 32 44 193 12 23 1587 65 69 14 153 3 12 2 1 1 1 6 ; 6 2 3 1 21 3 1 1 7 j 2 4 2 2 4 2266 379 42 84 7 119 2 5 6 6 5 29 3 4 s 3 : 23 i 7 305 945 Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xli by disease in each year, from- 1811 to 1839. — continued. 1821 1822 1823 1S24 lszo 1026 1S27 1 1828 1 1829 1830 1 Total. 1831 1832 is:;; 1834 1 1835 1S36 1 18: ',7 2 ls:;s 1 1839 Total. 5 3 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 4 2 1 2 2 21 1 1 1 3 1 7 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 4 3 2 2 1 4 5 2 3 1 1 3 5 1 1 5 2 4 1 2 1 10 30 22 7 9 5 13 17 12 11 L4 17 16 121 14 14 17 14 29 23 19 27 18 175 2 9 9 5 4 17 17 12 1 12 2 16 2 19 16 11 14 1 15 17 14 1 30 2 25 5 24 7 34 1 19 17 192 132 6 2 2 9 6 4 4 2 3 2 40 4 3 4 c 4 7 3 6 4 40 2 8 1 3 2 4 3 12 2 8 2 6 1 5 1 3 3 6 4 6 21 61 2 6 3 6 5 9 2 7 3 7 4 11 3 5 11 4 8 28 68 1 1 2 'l 3 1 1 3 7 1 1 • • 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 9 1 3 20 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 2 3 2 1 5 1 5 1 3 1 1 2 2 11 1 3 5 17 26 3 5 4 9 2 fi 2 2 1 3 37 4 8 4 4 3 5 5 5 38 1 1 9 13 12 36 2 10 31 23 32 54 34 186 3 12 3 9 7 6 4 5 3 6 58 5 12 15 9 6 14 12 8 86 8 4 6 16 18 6 6 10 8 82 20 15 12 13 29 11 1 5 11 117 32 43 18 12 28 32 25 20 12 1ft 237 28 38 24 27 38 35 42 1 23 28 283 1 2 2 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 3 1 2 7 10 3 4 5 12 153 244 184 32 44 40 35 55 55 41 883 56 70 100 95 111 176 59 112 88 867 a 3 4 4 11 1 26 3 3 1 2 1 4 20 1 35 31 25 10 22 23 38 25 34 30 19 257 38 44 40 39 37 41 17 24 1 30 1 310 2 8 8 4 12 8 9 9 7 8 4 77 9 9 4 9 10 6 11 3 61 2 4 3 4 1 2 5 4 ft 3ft 2 3 5 8 13 9 13 5 7 65 6 9 5 7 35 3 2 7 9 83 5 9 4 12 12 13 10 70 1 2 1 2 3 3 12 5 2 2 2 7 1 1 3 5 28 252 356 249 142 165 156 118 140 142 121 1S41 175 206 211 22S 299 325 202 284 233 2163 31 36 39 33 3S 40 37 54 65 47 420 67 62 57 54 72 82 69 65 53 581 14 4 3 15 5 13 8 ft 10 S6 16 10 11 5 11 10 12 20 15 110 18 17 24 2 2 11 6 14 14 14 12 8 134 10 14 1 18 19 22 1 25 1 32 14 22 3 16 182 6 19 21 16 2 IS 21 1 22 'l 1 21 16 2 19 1 15 2 18S ft 4 1 15 1 1 22 10 2 2ft 1 16 7 17 1 2 23 19 1 30 2 177 7 2 9 1 6 1 8 1 3 1 5 1 1 1 2 1 6 1 3 1 4 1 10 1 2 1 1 1 1 7 2 2 2 2 8 2 55 5 55 3 48 5 43 4 51 5 57 4 49 9 54 5 44 8 43 50 12 63 8 60 14 68 11 69 9 70 13 80 10 59 8 77 1 75 95 499 611 241 218 211 197 227 161 153 180 160 152 1917 1S2 126 85 105 88 85 269 18'J 129 1251 xlii Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. Table XI, showing the number of deaths, and the ratio per 1000 />>/ each class of diseases, in the three periods, 1811-1820. 1821-1830, and 1831-1839. Diseases. 1811- 1820. 1821- 1830. 1831- 1839. Number Huti" Numher Ratio Number of deaths. per WOO. of deaths. rer 1000. of deaths. per 1000. Fevers, 749 88.4 604 52.7 721 49.5 Eruptive Fevers, ... - 64 7.5 402 35.1 1402 96.2 Not classified, - Total Epidemic, Endemic, &c. diseases, Nervous system, - 380 44.9 1031 89.9 1499 102.9 1193 140.8 2037 177.7 3622 248.6 562 66.4 980 85.4 1515 104.0 Organs of Respiration. 2460 290.5 2802 244.3 3214 220.5 Organs of Circulation, - 25 2.9 90 7.9 200 13.7 Digestive Organs, ... 231 27.3 644 56.1 1107 76.0 Urinary Organs, .... 9 1.1 30 2.6 22 1.5 Organs of Generation, 64 7.6 132 11.5 192 13.2 Organs of Locomotion, - 26 3.1 61 5.3 68 4.7 Integumentary Svstem, 3 .3 17 1.5 26 1.8 Uncertain seat, .... 2266 267.6 1841 160.5 2163 148.4 Old Age, 379 44.8 420 36.6 581 39.9 Deaths by violence, ... 305 36.0 499 43.5 611 41.9 Unknown causes, ... Total Sporadic diseases, - General Total, - - - - 945 111.6 1917 167.1 1251 85.8 7275 859.2 9433 822.3 10951 751.4 846S 1000.0 11470 1000.0 14573 1000.0 This article has already extended so far that the author is induced to omit all comparisons between Boston and other places, in regard to the pre- valence of particular diseases, or the general mortality. He has a series of the bills of mortality of the principal cities in the United States, and a great mass of similar facts from Europe, which he reserves for a future con- sideration. Since the foregoing article was in the hands of the printer the population of Boston, and the bill of mortality for 1840 have been obtained ; and it is deemed expedient to annex the following abstract of these documents. A census was taken by authority of the state, on the first day of May, for the purpose of an apportionment of the representatives in the legislature, which excluded some classes of the inhabitants. According to the census of the United States the whole population was 93,470, whites 91,188, or 97.55 per cent., and coloured 2321, or 2.55 per cent. Of these 10,805 were returned as engaged in navigation, a large portion of whom, being constantly absent, should not be embraced in the comparative estimates of the deaths to the living. The white population, among whom the recorded deaths occur, may be estimated at 84,311, and the coloured at 2321. The deaths in 1840, exclusive of the stillborn, were 1841 whites, or 1 in 47, or 2.10 per cent, and 64 coloured, or 1 in 36, or 2.75 per cent, being about the average for the Shattuck on the Vital Statistics of Boston. xliii previous years. The whites were distributed according to ages, as in the following table. The male deaths were 951, and the female 890. There were 45 more males than females died under five years of age. Age. Population in 1840. Deaths in 1840. Number in each age. Number surviving each age. Proport'n in each age. Proport'n surviving each age. Number in each age. Number surviving each age. Proport'n in each age. Proport'n surviving each age. Proport'n to living each age. Under 5 11393 84.311 13.51 100. 784 1777 44.12 100.00 6.88 5 to 10 8725 79.918 10.35 86.49 70 993 3.94 55.88 .80 10 to 20 15809 64.193 18.75 76.14 100 923 5.63 51.94 .63 20 to 30 22337 48.384 26.49 57.39 200 823 11.26 46.31 .99 30 to 40 13666 26.047 16.21 30 90 226 623 12.72 35.05 1.65 40 to 50 6546 12.381 7.77 14.69 133 597 7.48 22.33 2.03 50 to 60 3404 5.835 4.04 6.92 110 464 6.19 14.85 3.23 60 to 70 1561 2.431 1.85 2.88 69 154 3.88 8.66 4.42 70 to 80 641 .870 .76 1.03 47 85 2.64 4.78 7.33 80 to 90 202 .229 .24 .27 33 38 1.86 2.14 15.95 Over 90 27 .027 .03 .03 5 5 .28 .28 18.55 84311 100.00 1777 100.00 2.10 Disease. — Of 533 deaths caused by endemic, epidemic, [and contagious diseases, 97 were from fevers, 202 from eruptive fevers, and'234 from others not classified. Of these 89 were by typhus fever, 76 by scarlatina, 116 by small pox, 55 by cholera, 58 by dysentery, and 70 by whooping cough, showing, by comparing it with Table X, an increased prevalence of some diseases, and a decrease of others. Of the 1308 deaths caused by sporadic diseases, 200 were by diseases of the nervous system, 402 of the organs of respiration, 18 of the organs of cir- culation, 126 of the organs of digestion, 1 of the urinary organs, 24 of the organs of generation, 8 of the organs of locomotion, 5 of the integumentary system, 295 of uncertain seat, 64 of old age, 79 by violence, and 86 by unknown causes. The stillborn were 131 . This shows no peculiar'feature in the prevalence of these diseases, when compared with the prevalence of the same diseases for the previous nine years. Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. K X T-l H x C ft P H H Q t^ iO ■o t^ •s^ox CN -nT o -M a fa o o o o S3 S o o o o P Ci© * 1 ° o O 1 o S3 ! o o - H ! ^ d &" H !M O CO 80-9 S 1 — ' T— 1 O !M d fa* o GM T-( 1 CO d s 1 1— 1 C<« O CO d d CD fa 1—1 i—l i-H CO s i-H i-H CO >o d CO d fa 1— 1 U s-i fa ^ | H fl!>> CO 'O ■* | GM PrH as -- © i-H 00 •H CO CO * Si £i co Si O O CO > o s o CO Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 00 >-~ X CO -M co o Ci © OS © rH t^ | l« .- CO ** >o CO t- 00 t^ CO i-H ■SIBJOX L^ a \ fa c O r r - o o o o © © © © a • o o © O © o o o © © © o — P 1 S §§ fa* o o o o o o o c © © © © © s o o © o o o - o © © CO 1-1 i-H © U* rH o CM o T— 1 "-' o o — © © © ■o o ao s " o ° CM o o • i-H = © CM © •— t- o fa T— 1 ~ i-H i-H CM -* CO rH — ' CM CM © CM • o © CO o o 1—1 1—1 1—1 CM © (M © © ° S i-H d d CD fa CO CM CM i-H " o CM rt CM CM CM co i-H CM s i-H o -' CM i-H CM CM o ■— ' ,-H CM i-H OS i-H , 1—1 o (M ,_H CM CM *o ^H i-H CM i-H © CO fa CM s o CM CO CM i—l i—i CO CM 1—1 CO rH 1-H © IO CM CM o o fa co d . o CM 1— 1 GO Tf CO i— i o CO CO CO IO 00 * s i-H - 1—1 oo o r- 1 (M co rr rH CO co CM rH co d fa •* <* o CM t- co "tf Tti - •* i-h o CM co l^ t- ■^ d fa iO CO . CO CO CM >o -* i— i CO iO rH 1-H iQ 00 t- CM s ^ # o CM i—i T— 1 CO © o i-H CM © CO © CO d fa r-{ « . o o T— 1 o l> co rH ^ © fa rH ^ est CM i-H 1-H CO CO o H 1— 1 rH ,-H OS CO CM s i-H ■* HO co -H o ** CO rH t- © CO CM CO 00 u H fa — ■ i-H ^H i-H C5 t3 a> a >> . *tf o t> CO CO rH CM 00 © © CM "* CO ^ s i-H i-H © fh • 1-H X) 1-H >> >. CD CD rQ CD X2 a CT, •-3 ft £1 p <»1 >-> CD a r^ CO OB < y as CD 32 CD "o o O g CD O a CD CD CD Q Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. Diseases and Causes op Death in Boston in 1811. Abscess 1 Aneurism 1 Apoplexy 13 Burns 6 Cancer 5 Casualties 15 Child- bed ...... 14 Cholera-morbus .... 6 Colic 2 Consumption 221 Convulsions 36 Cramp in stomach ... 2 Croup 1 Debility 28 Decay 20 Drinking cold water . . 2 Dropsy 21 Dropsy in head .... 33 Drowned 13 Dysentery 14 Dyspepsia 15 Fever, bilious .... 7 " inflammatory . . 24 " pulmonic .... 46 " putrid 6 " typhus .... 33 Flux, infantile . . . . 57 Gout ....... 3 Hemorrhage 4 Hernia or rupture ... 3 Indigestion 15 Inflammation, bowels . . 1 " stomach . . 1 Insanity 1 Intemperance 2 Jaundice 10 Killed by lightning ... 1 Lock-jaw 2 Mortification 11 Old age 26 Palsy 12 Pleurisy 8 Quinsy 15 Rheumatism 1 Rupture of blood-vessel . 1 Small-pox 2 Sore throat 1 Spasms 2 Still-born 49 Sudden 25 Suicide 1 Syphilis 12 Teething 15 Unknown diseases ... 48 White swelling .... 2 Whooping-cough . 14 Worms 11 * Total . 941 * This tabulation evidently includes also the deaths in the last three months of 181U, recorded in page 1. — W. H. W. Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. TO -M C5 o 1^ CO co co i— i l> ■<* © __ ■srmoi CO ** ■>* >o l^ iO o -* 'O CO CO CO CO §1 fa 1 - o o o o *~ rt o o o o CM 1 o SS i ~ o o O o © o o o o o - 6 S3 fa 1° I— 1 1—1 o 1—1 o o o o o o © I CO O 00 s 1° 1— 1 I—l CM H o i— l I X us s 1 i— 1 , 1 °° i—i "* t~ co «# CO iC CM CM CM r— 1 1 O I o fa 1 ~ T 6 1 1 . CO CO t> "* cm — i CO Tj< CO i— 1 CM 'M 1 >- «* a 1 CO . o o -* CM »o CO o •o CM ■N CO co 1 CM o fa 1 ^ 6 . -* CO CO CM CO CO t- 1_l O CO «o 5o CM -* CO CO CO CO co CM l> CO 1 c o fa 1 l ^ s — »o CO CM t^ CO CO CM Tjl CO -^ CO CM ^_ w s "* 1 o "* tH o o rH 1—1 T* Ofl "<* (N CO 1 t^ o fa "M CQ 6 . (N CM O) o o i— I 1— 1 o 1— 1 CO W5 CO 1 o 1 & CM . o o O CO T— 1 CM o o o o co 1—1 1 CO o fa — iH * ° o O 1—1 o O o CM o o CM CM t^ o 1—1 1— 1 o cs CO ,— , ,_ CO 1—1 CO i—l 1 c- fa 1—1 ■o CM CM & i— 1 . tH > CO o r>» CO OS S 1—i i— 1 1—1 1—1 1—1 o 1—1 N H a© Sri •_ ^n >> >> hQ •~ 03 03 c3 a •-a e3 p < Pi SB 03 ^ s be < H 03 03 03 o +3 03 o a 03 o a 03 O 03 A 1 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. Diseases and Causes ok Death in Boston in 1812. Angina pectoris 1 Apoplexy . 15 Asthma 2 Burns . 2 Casualty . 6 Cholera-moibus 2 Colic . . . 2 Consumption . 190 Convulsions . * 12 Croup . 1 Dropsy . 16 " in head 6 Drowned . 10 Dysentery . 2 Fever, bilious 4 " pleurisy 2 " puerperal 5 " pulmonic . 40 " putrid . 1 ' ' typhus 22 Frost . . . 1 Hemorrhage . 1 Indigestion 2 Infantile diseases . . . 133 Inflammation of brain . . 1 Insanity 2 Intemperance 12 Jaundice 4 Lock-jaw 1 Mortification 4 Nephrisis 1 Old age 35 Palsy 6 Psoas abscess .... 1 Quinsy 17 Small-pox 1 Still-born 48 Sudden 24 Suffocation 3 Tabies 1 Teething 10 Unknown 32 Vomica 1 Total 682 Death Eettjkns from 1810 to 1850. l^ O l- — 00 o — cc 1^ i~ CM ■*H -^ •SIT310X * C^ L^ CO CO CO O -* l~ L- «o L^ CO 1 © fa o o GM r-l o o o o ^ o o o "* go C5>iH s" o o O ~* O o o 3 O o o o rH o 9 fa CO CO ~ ~ CM o © rt o o o rH cs o 00 s 1-1 o © © "- 1 o r-t o " rH o rH CO © CO fa rH ■* co o O CM o CM CO GM CM CO CM CM o s — •<* o o rH CO -" o CM rH CO CO OS rH © fa* CO CO -T CO CM CO co CM CO '"' - « CO • CM CO rH T— | CO rH i— i CM CM CM o X* CM co S CM •"* -^ GM ^* GM CM rH rH o ■* CO n< r-i o fa CO CO 6 . CO CO CO rH CM CO CM ■«* CM CM CM rH rH US s CO . CO »o CO CO CO GM rH CM rH •"* o o ci o fa CM US © . ■* os 'O TTl GO -* «o "* CO r— -* 00 as <# s *o lO •<* UO 'O OS CO «* rH CM iO CO co os o 6 fa ** 1— ( o CO o L— co r~i O CO CM >o ^ o s o >o -* CO CO CM >o o CO o O CO CM o o fa TjH eo 6 . rH GM o CO CO CO CO «o CO CO ■* CM o CM s 1-1 >o r- ( CM GM o CO I— 1 CO o o rH rH CO c^ o fa «-H CSJ d . T— 1 o CT c o CM CO rH rH CO o o "* rH s 1-1 r-l GM CM o CO r-( CO o o i — i rH CO rH d fa 1—1 * tf5 a o CO o o CM CO rH rH CO © ° 2 * , ^ I— ( CO r-l rH O — 1 rH ■«* o CM 1— 1 OS fa " H ■e est . o I— 1 rH -r »JO CO o CM TH rH o rH GM s GM o © GM CM CM I— 1 rH rH a CM rH T—f CM fa rH CO rH . o ■* CO ■^ rH >o CO CO © OS iO iO GM s rH O eo rH CO CM o o CM ■"# 00 [>• CM iO fr- fa CC . 00 CO CO O t~ _ CO t>- «o 00 O CO CO 3 '""' rH rH rH rH rH rH rH cc 1-H QO !h •_, - rH o> 03 ►» ^ 3 rO t_, x> rO r; 03 3 -3 o -a >M CD >-, 3 CD 05 C CD > a o 03 *0 1) 2-< cS ►-3 »-8 3 < CD 72 o O O 5 CJ Q Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1813. Abscess 1 Angina pectoris .... 1 Apoplexy 15 Ascites 2 Asthma 1 Burns 2 Cancer 1 Casualty 9 Cholera 3 Cholera-infantum ... 2 Consumption 193 Convulsions 11 Croup 1 Dropsy 17 Drowned 15 Dysentery 5 Dyspepsia 16 Erysipelas 1 Fever, bilious .... 6 " inflammatory . . 3 " pleurisy .... 7 w ' puerperal ... 5 " pulmonic .... 41 Fever, putrid . '* typhus Fits .... Gout Hemorrhage . Hooping-cough Hydrocephalus Hydrops pectoris Infantile diseases Jaundice . Mortification Nephrisis . Neurosis . Old age Palsy . Poisou . Quinsy Still-born . Sudden Suffocation Unknown . 1 38 10 1 1 1 2 2 206 5 7 1 1 48 6 1 8 36 11 1 41 Total 786 Death Keturxs from 1810 to 1850. CO CO iO CO -n o co en rH o CO 00 t~ 'SfBlOX CO iO CO >Q ** tJH CO 1> >o o 1-1 CO -* TO fa O o o o o o © o i-H o o o 1— 1 go o~ S 1 o o o o o o o o o o o o © en o 00 fa CO o CO I— 1 o o o o o o o -* co s ! o rt o CO o o i— 4 " - 1 rH o OS o" 00 6 fa CO CO CO CO o CO CO "<* CO CO tH CO co s 1 r ~ l o GO -* r ~' o o o r •-' CO - 1 o © fa* I— 1 I— 1 i-H o o o o CO ^H "* GO o co d c© 1—1 S o I— 1 r— CO o 1— I 1-1 CO o i-H CO o CO . T— 1 1—1 I— 1 CO CO 1—1 t— 1 o 1— 1 CO o o CO © fa 1-H CO d . T-( CO cc CO -* 1—1 1—1 o o o 1— ( CO L^ >o s 1-1 GO "<# CO CO CO o 1—1 CO o tH o CO -* o fa CO «9 d . CO o tH CO 1— I CO co CO 1— 1 TfH CO o CO «* 3 CO 'O © CO CO T— 1 1—1 t> ^ o CO >o co CO o fa tJ4 "7 d . (M I— 1 TJ4 iO GO TJ4 ■«# CO CO t>. ^ CO >o CO s ^ "O CO CO >o co CO IQ t> iO CO i-H ">* — d fa i-H iO CO d . CO id yH uO — ■"* t~ ■* iO ■^ 00 CO o CM s o . r- 1 CO CO O CO CO o 1— 1 1—1 ■*# o o CO d fa »-H ea . O CO GO CO o 1—1 co 1—1 1—1 o Tf4 CO OS rH s 1—1 -# o i—l o o o o o o rH rH CO OS O i-l UO fa ' . CO CO CO o 1—1 1— 1 ">* 1—1 o CO o (M OS s 1-1 i— ( I— 1 o »o 1— 1 1— 1 o iO rH *tf CO CO •^ fa CO os . co CO CM CO CO CO o CO rH CO CO o s CO i— i I— 1 GO o CO 1—1 1—1 c~ ■* IO CO rH t^ fa CO est . -* CO "* CO CO CO «5 "* ** CO CO CO OS * rH "* . CO t^ CO CO CO rH CO rH t>- m CO ■<* 00 U U * CO tH t-'rH a rH '"■' rH i-H T~l o ■h5 i— i QO ;_ r» ■ ci ►"9 co E*4 <5 ■3* CO r"J 3 bo -3 CO Xi s ST 1 02 s "o -4-J o o CO 3 03 o CO rQ a CO o CO Q Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1814. Anasarca . Apoplexy . Burns .... Casualty Cholera Cholera- morbus . Consumption . Convulsions . Cramps Croup .... Debility . . . Disorders unknown Drowned . Dysentery . Fever, bilious " inflammatory ki pleurisy . " puerperal . " pulmonic . " typhus Fits Gout .... Hepatitis . . . . 17 . . . 3 5 . . . 3 . . . 1 . . . 2 . . . 153 . . . 1 . . . 2 . . . 2 . . . 1 . . . 43 . . . 10 . . . 4 . . . 6 . . 3 . . . 3 . . . 6 . . . 26 . . . 77 . . . 11 . . . 2 . . . 3 *Cynauche Trachealis. — W. H. W Hooping-cough .... 5 Hydrocephalus interims . 3 Hydrophobia 1 Infantile disoasrs . . . 20S Insanity 2 Jaundice 2 Mortification 8 Neurosis 1 Old age 39 Paratisis 9 Phrenitis 1 Quinsy 10 Scrofula 1 Spasms 1 Still-born ...... 32 Sudden 14 Suicide * Synanchia trancialis . Teething Tetanus White swelling . Total 1 1 1 2 1 727 10 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. — l^ CO O © co — co co rH 5£ rH i-H •smox iC '-O CO CO' o o i — X o - I- CO id CO §§ fa I— I o o o o © O o o o o ° i-H s o © o o o o O © o o o ° o © fa T-< CO 1— 1 o co 1—1 ^ — ' I—" CO uO o id CO © GO s o o © 1—1 o o © — o 1— 1 o o CO o 00 d fa CO 1-H •"" rH 1— 1 ^ 1-1 CO CM CM t^ CO CO CO • r-l (M o CM o o - 1—1 i-H CO 1-H r-l CM 1- i-H © d fa* 1-1 ,_l CO 1-H GO GO »o CM O CO CC K CO CO s o GO '-' CO i—l 1-1 o o 30 rH >- ° rl CO I— 1 CO o CO r-l — 1 CM CM _H tfi — H o fa CM CO d . CO i-H 1—1 , — CO CO i—l o CM CO CO -T o US s CO rH CO o i—l ^H i—l o cc CM CO rH •- i-H o fa CO d . eo rH rH CO rH CM CO CO >o CO CO o CM * s rH CO CO rH CM CO CO o *C rH » CO i-H CO ? d fa ^H rH . CM CO CO CO CO rH L^ rH t>- CO l>> co OS eo s iO iO r-l CO CO iO >o rH co co rH © o CO o fa iO eo d . (M CO CO rH CO CO id CO co os CM iO CM CM s >o GO CO CO r-l ,— 1 CO CO o CO CM o o OS . (j- CO U3 . i— 1 i— 1 CO »o !— | i— 1 o Tj< CO CM CM CO •c s CO CO CO r|i r- 1 FH CO CO CO OS CO i-H rH CO fa rH CO . o co CO CO CO CO o co CO CO "O CO CO s rH co tr- -* 00 >o CO CO o t> rH CO CO C35 fa i-H CO £>* . rH ee l» OS CO iO os CO CO o CO rH rH ->rH S '■*' i-H i-H OS *a i—i 00 rH s- r H a a o3 1-3 s rQ CO O < >> CO a 3 •-3 +3 CO faD < g CO CO co rQ o o O CO Xi a CO r* o 523 CO a CO o CO Q Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 11 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1815. Apoplexy . . . . Burns . Cancer Casualty . Cholera-morbus . Consumption . Cramp Croup Diseases unknown . Dropsy . Drowned . Dysentery Dyspepsy . . Fever, bilious " inflammatory " malignant " pleurisy . " puerperal " pulmonic . " putrid . " typhus Fits Fungus nematodes . Gout Hepatisis . Hooping-cough . Hydrocephalus 3 Infantile diseases . 222 2 Inflammation of bra in 2 5 Influenza . 1 4 Insanit}' 2 1 Jaundice . 1 90 Lethargy . 1 2 Marasmus . 1 2 Measles 21 72 Mortification . 6 14 Murdered . 1 12 Neurosis . 1 12 Old age 44 1 Palsy .... 11 2 Phrenitis . 1 2 Poison .... 1 4 Quinsy .... 7 2 Scales .... 3 4 Scrofula 1 67 Small-pox . 4 11 Spasms 2 34 Still-born . . . 21 17 Sudden . . . . 11 1 Suicide . 6 1 * Synanchia tranciali s 4 3 Tabies 2 2 3 White swelling . 1 Total .... 851 * Cynanehe Trachealis. 12 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. , ,_, oo co i^ co CO r-i o* -r o o T-> -* 1 •siinoi C5 -. 00 00 to • - CO l> l> co -- o CO s§ fa o o o o o o © o 1-1 o "~ l l S o o o o o o o o o o o l o co" • o -+ CM r 1-^ 1 o fa 1— 1 d 00 S 1—1 c o o o o o '""' o o ,-i * , iC d 00 6 fa GO iO I— 1 *-' 1-1 CO CO r ~' 1— 1 """ ' CO 10 1 CO -M s SO iO o 1—1 1-1 o o CO o o CO -* 1 T— 1 © fa CO CM o ^ -* 1— t CO CO X* CO CO CO | co d CO s -M CO CM CO CO 1—1 CO o 1—1 1-^ ' ' " C5 CO GO CO o Tjl 1— 1 GO "* o CO ">* rji c d CO d fa ec CO i—l CM ■<* CO CO CO CO 1—1 X* 1—1 GO to 3 CO to CO CO 1— < CM 1— t CO CO 1—1 CO ~* o d d fa CO CO to CO co C5 o »o 1—1 iO l> X* 00 00 s o CO co "* iO CO iO o* CO >o o* GO CO o d d CO fa iO -* 00 CO os ~# o* CO 1—1 CO CO i—i 00 rH * 7-1 CO' »o IQ to CO rii CO CO C5 o to »o Th to d d fa 1— 1 1—1 t^ id ■>* CO ~# i—i lO *0 00 l> ■^1 1—1 .c o * i— I GO . -* (M CO CO »o CO tH o o 1-1 1—1 o o fa 04 "* CO ,_, 1—1 1— 1 1—1 CO T-H GO iO ■ 1—1 CO iO r-1 s o i— 1 © o CO o 1—1 CO GO o 1— t ^H 1—1 d fa 1—1 ■* i— ( CO 1—1 ,— o co 1—1 o 1— 1 1—1 CO 00 s i-H i *o CO CO co _ o o GO 1—1 CO CO -^ Ci fa CO to 1 ** CO co CO CO 1—1 ■<* © o GO 1—1 CO o s CO CO ■^ CO o 1—1 ~* o 00 o CO CO »c fa CO ca >o CO "* CO o o 1— I CO CO -CH CO CO CO s CO CS ~* o iO ■>* CO CO 00 GO to OS » £ - in <»o3 fa 1— 1 i— 1 1-1 C7S O •- t^ CM o ■^ — 00 OS o t^ 00 •sunoj, L- CD l> CO CO CO CO i— 1 OS as iO ■* o os d© l-Hi-H fc o O O o o o o o o o o i-H l-H s - o o o c o o o o o o O o fa © o - CM o o o o o o "- 1 ° CO sl s o o o o o o c o o o o ° ° • • ,_-, o 1— I o •^ o o 1—1 o o CM 1-H o o OS © 00 u. l-H s o 1—1 1— 1 o 1-1 T— 1 o (M CO 1-1 CM ^ CO - • o o o CM (M 1-H T* o CM CM • ,_! * l>- -* _ -* »o ■* CM CO CO 1-H CO o fa iO T ,_| CO co iO co Th co CO ,— I o -* TH CM s * ^# ■^ T_| 1—1 iO CM CO 1—1 n ^H i-H CM C3S o fa CM N o CM o © o i— 1 CM T* i—l H o l-H o . CO (M o © O iO fa CM U9 . >o ■* ■^ CO CO •<# CO CO CO tJ< CM l-H os s CO . >o CM rH ^H CM CO CM CM OS co iO ■^ *o fa !-H i-H CO 09 i-H . -ch CO CM CM . CO CO CO CM ■>* t~ as CO o CO CO o fa 1-H 1-H — ' 00 T3 a> . CO o ** >o CO 'cH !>• CO CO 00 CO CO CO s 1—1 rH 1—1 L ^ r> i-^ ^ >1 83 3 fa -a p eS < >> S3 a >? ^ -*H» CD 3 < Ctf 3 02 o o o 3 S eg > O s g o p Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 15 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1817. Angina pectoris . 2 Apoplexy ... . . 17 Cancer 11 Casualty 7 Cholera-infantum 2 " morbus . G Consumption .... 231 Convulsions .... 1 3 Croup 1 1 Cvnanche tracialis . 1 Diseases unknown . 33 36 Drowned 13 •73 19 Fever, bilious . 12 " inflammatory 2 " pleurisy . 4 " puerperal . 3 " pulmonic . 47 " rheumatic 7 Fever, typhus .... 57 Fits 35 Hanged 1 Hemorrhage 3 Hooping-cough .... 19 Infantile diseases . . . 157 Intoxication 3 Jaundice 3 Mortification 9 Old age 50 Palsy 6 Phrenitis 6 Quinsy G Rickets 1 Scalds 9 Spasms 3 Still-born 33 Stone or gravel .... 3 Sudden. ...... 13 Suicide 3 Tetanus 1 Total 908 1(5 Death Returns prom 1810 to 1850. I— 1 o ^H OS X CO >0 1^ GO ** C~j CO -H co OS L^ o GO L^ l^ GO o GO L^ l> •Sp3101 ^H 05 81 fa ~ - 1 o O o o o O o o o o C^l s o o o 1-1 o 3 1-1 o o o o o -M © as 6 00 fa CO o o o — GM o 1-1 o o CO 1—1 s s i—i o ~ o CM O 1—1 o o CM CM o C5 © 00 6 fa ^* CM o ^ -* CM CO T— 1 1— 1 :-. CO o CM s CO i—i - 1 "* CO GM o ,— | -* iO CO CM iO i<0 CO C5 o fa "cH up d »o CO CO t>- CO CO ^ CO CO UO Th iO o * * cu ** CO CO t> t- CO O CO -* -* CM «s CO o fa • ; 1* d iQ CO -<# L^ CO o tH -* CO GO •O CO l^ eo s iO CO CO ■* ,_, CO ■* CO ■* i.O o l->. uO CM o fa ^ uO eo o . CO CO «<* o o KO »o t— -* co C^ eo O est s iO o o GM 1— 1 ■** CM CO o T— 1 1—1 CO o l> o fa ^ 04 d . o o CO 1—1 1— 1 1—1 -* UO CO CM CO CO CO rH * (M o o o o GM CM GM 1—1 CM CO T— 1 iO CO d fa 1—1 U0 § 1—1 rH o o ■"* CO o T— 1 CM CM eo ^H GO — | o GM CO ^ CO CM os "O CO CO os s ->* "* CO -* o >0 CO o 35 t^ GO "cH C5 os fa 1—1 tH X . ■«# CO iO 00 CO >o o- 00 CO CO CO I> CO w 1—1 CO G© i-H QO -_ t. s CP o cu 3 ^ H s "-8 fa O <5 o3 a ■"8 1-8 03 bp < S CD s o O s CP > o Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 17 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1818. Abscess •"» Accidental 1 Aneurism 1 Angina pectoris .... 5 Apoplexy '•' Burns 2 Cancer ;1 > Casualty 10 Cholera ; > Consumption 138 Cramp ■ • 1 Croup 5 Cynanche maligne ... 1 Debility 2 Diseases unknown . . . 237 Drinking cold water . . 2 Dropsy 23 Drowned 12 Drunkenness 1 Dysentery 4 Dyspepsy 12 Dysury 1 Fever, bilious .... 7 " inflammatory . 5 •' intermittent ... 1 " nervous .... 2 " puerperal ... 4 " pulmonic .... 36 " putrid 1 Fever, typhus . . . .112 Kits 24 Gout 1 Gravel 1 Hemorrhagia 4 Hepatitis ") Hernia 1 Hooping-cough .... 1 Hydrocephalus .... 4 Infantile diseases . . . 15(5 Inflammation of brain . . 1 Intemperance .... 2 Measles 1 Mortification 4 01<1 age 32 Palsy <5 Phrenitis 1 Pleurisy 3 Quinsy 4 Rickets 2 Scalds 3 Scrofula 2 Spasms 4 Still-born 40 Sudden 12 Suicide 4 Ulcers 1 Total . 971 18 Death Returns fkom 1*10 to 1850. t^ GM >c — co — Ol -c — CO X CO' r. | >o >Q o i^ co i^j OS ^H CO l^ co x •sp3iox ! 1-1 l ^ 1 90- 100. M. F. © o o O o o © © © © © © © © ~ c o o © ~ © . © © © © © S ^ 1 1— 1 CO o — " o © — © CM CO © © cc -08 o o o — © © © © © CM © © co CM CC 70-80.| M. F.j CO CM I— 1 o — © ^ CO CO •""' CM CM o o — ~ '- , 1—1 © CM Tf> CM © © fa GM — CO — © CO GM © o ° '*" ' ~ Ol co S eo CO r-1 o CM © CM © CM © CM T ' — o fa CO CO CM " •"" © i— 1 x* '"" L-- eo CO OS CM 6 S GM GM GM *■" CM CM 1—1 "* CM CM CM 5M © CM o CO — CM CM CO CO "* >o CM CM CO d fa «. £ H "* co ■"3" CM ** -r co "* "* CO CO CO CO o ,_ CO CM © ifS • O "* CO eo cc o fa CO T O GM o L^ CM CO Ol l^ t- CO © © CO eo s - u - 1 -* ■* •^1 CM co •** ^* CO l~- 1—1 cc eo •X o fa -H uO °? "3" CM cc QO co r- >o co X >o -* -* l> (M s ^ CO ,_, ,_H -* CO , — o -t CO CO 1—1 T— 1 CO O fa CM CO l CM © o T— 1 CM i—l "# CM 1—1 -* 1— • — 1 i-* i-H s CM GM 1—1 CM ■<* CO CM CM © TT cc CO - d fa CM • U5 O i-l CM ,— 1 CM © © — > I— — © © L^ s 1— I CM o CM © © © © CO CM CM CM -* fa U3 o O CM ,— ( CM i— 1 i— I CM CO tH co © "^ I S CM T-H CO CM ,— ! CM © i—i t~ © T(< t~ t» OS fa w est i— ( _ CM ** CO CM CM © t* GO -* ■* CM s 1—1 i« . ■* © CO ,_, CO o "* © l> © -* "* CO fa 'O QO CO o CO >o © rJH t- CO © eo CO r- ^ s 1—1 L ^ os V* QO u it . i— I >> >> > 00 5b b O o O S O e o en P i Dkath Returns from 1810 to 1850. L9 Diseases and Causes ok Death in Boston in I8J9. Apoplexy . Burns . Cancers Casualty . Cholera morbus u infantum Consumption . Croup . . . Cynanclie tracial Debility . . Diarrhoea . Diseases of heart " unknown Drinking cold water Dropsy . Drowned . Dysentery . Dyspepsy . . Fever, bilious " malignant tw nervous ' ' pleurisy " puerperal " pulmonic " rheumatic " scarlatina " typhus . ' ' worm " yellow . *The items add 1,081, which Tabulated Buried from the Aim: 6 3 3 8 11 7 174 92 2 23 13 12 2 Id 32 4 3 •) 4i; G 2 08 Fits Hepatitis . Hemoirhagia . Hernia .... Hooping-cough . Hydrocephalus Infantile diseases Influenza ... Insanity . Intemperance . Jaundice Killed in a duel . Old age Phthisis Poison .... Quinsy .... Rickets Scarlatina anginosa Scorbutic . Spasms Still-born . Sudden .... Suffocation Suicide .... Teething . Tetanus If) G 5 1 2:; 47 2 1 1 1 1 2!) 1 1 4 t S!) Total Not sfiven. laiue 1 in the printed report as follows Town poor, aijes and diseases unknown . 192 89 1,070 ■20 Death Returns fkom lsio to 1850. •SITJ101 1 CO o L— l> 1- 1 - X IT- © CO CI ^'l OS 35 C5 1 S s fa 1 s 1 * CM CI "M -r '- CO CM ~ X it; »o s CO CM CM -r CO ^ CM co t^ :: »o o 1 ° •uiog -TTOS 1 OT 1 so 'O l> •o CO © r. 2 © X 1- - X 1 C5.-I fa l w 1-1 c O o © © © 1-1 © © © "* S 1 r o - o c © © ~ © o © © 2 1 © fa l w CO — < c CM CM ,-1 CM 1— 1 — © — o 1 00 s 1 <* o 1-1 o o CO © ° — c r -' 7-1 1° d 00 © fa s CO -f © T CM © — ' >-l CO CO CO • CO CM s o - 1 CM — © — ' ~ — c ° z d fa i - o co CM — "* o cc CO cc § s CO -tf x iO — CM X co SC X CM >c 3 d fa CO — l^ CO '~ CM CO iO CO ■* -M ^r - o s CM — • - -# •~ ^r L^ >o «o •o o iO d CO fa co ^h o CO >C Oi ^ CM © X © CM cc o s "* CO 00 "41 -* CM ■c l^ "C X X X £ d CQ d fa* cm 1—1 -p iO o SC -M ■M I- CM - X co s ~ CM o CO *-* 1-1 'O " c-1 CO © - — d fa " o r "' CM © CM CM "— ' cc " — -T i« s © o 1-1 1 1 ' 1-1 " —l — © rH 1 ' CI CO CQ fa r-l 1— 1 o ^ -41 CM © ■^ CM co >o co CI co © co s CO CO CO o 1—1 r ~ < CO CM I-H -t ^h K * <-< fa ** T * H ~ CO o © "~ X co CO cc X ■* CO CO ' CO CO o ■* uO CM 71 co fa iO CO X co T 1-1 CO ^H CM CJS l> I — co -<* X E o I— 1 X 00 co CO 1 - cc CO OS X ~ co © X >^ S « cj C* 03 ^ P £ fl "S ^ ^ ^ -^ ^ ^ ^ -^ £ q ^ - Death Returns fkom 1810 to L850. 21 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1820. Abscess Accidental Apoplexy . Bilious colic . Burns .... Calculus . Cancer .... Canceratecl uterus Casualty . Cholera infantum morbus . Consumption . Cramp .... Croup .... Debility . . . Diarrhoea . Disease of heart Disease unknown Distorted spine . Drinking cold watet Dropsy Drowned . Dysentery Dyspepsia . Enteritis . Fever .... " bilious . •' inflammatory •' intermittent k ' nervous kt pneumonia " puerperal . " putrid . " rheumatic " scarlet . " spotted " typhus . -» 1 5 26 3 9 1 43 1 7 10 1 1 | 1 1 1 5 8 6 220 3 3 4 3 7 187 1 1 14 9 11 11 Fits Fracture .... Gout * Haimeptua [ ?] . Hanging .... Hemorrhagia . Hepatitis .... Hernia .... Infantile diseases Inflammation of brain Influenza .... Insanity .... Intemperance . Jaundice .... Mortification . Murdered .... Old age Paralysis . Pleurisy Poison Quinsy .... Rickets Scald .... Scrofula Siphilis Spasms Still-born . Strangled . Strangulated hernia Sudden Suicide Teething . Throat distemper Whooping-cough Worms .... 15 1 4 1 4 4 6 •> [63 7 2 2 31 1 7 2 39 16 2 3 6 1 2 7 4 1 89 1 1 9 6 3 1 24 3 Total 1,10; * In printed report, Hempptisia •* 22 Death Returns from 1810 to 1*50. 1 CI co cc s; CM o C5 © -* — iO CM © — co o 3". • — r-H CO CO CO CI 1— < CI CI *■• r " i — i ~ ' rt ■■* .—I " ' — rH ■* - a fa CM GM CO '- »c >C •o — — CO »c 35 , C5 CO FT CM CI ec -r CI VT © CI o 1- -if CM 1 CI P ■uzb — — — ■— 1 00 35 CI CI •O 1- x CI © © vr © » 1 r. "I ms — < ^* *"■ ' 1 as ■ d 05 fa — ~ o o © = I— 1 © © © © — 1 ct S3 1 fa - © o o © © — © © © ~ 1 ^ 1 >c 3 CM "<* 1-^ ^ © © CO © Tl 1-1 70-80. 80- rH O o CO © © © © — ■ © " 1 " >o GM -* — ■ ■o © © (M 1-1 •" «C CM , X CI s CM O CO 1— I © GM J cc O CO CO CO 35 l^- CO th -tf »o CM co © C-» -* -^ CI © m "* d fa JO CM 'O o J CM 1* -f -f cc co CM co s 35 CO oo co CI 1— 1 CO -* co -* CO © CM >* —i CO d fa 'O CO l» - l>- CM o ■ c -^i 35 35 2 l~- s o GM cc 00 CO CI l> L^ o CO © CO 00 CO '-' >c d M d fa l^ CO 35 ■* 00 CM Cl oo l-» "0 CI oo •o © CO 1— 1 cc ,_ -r '* c» © oo S* 1-1 "~" "^ - CM GM o ■o -H 00 C5 l^ v— 1 © 35 35 fa 1-H ^^ 1-1 i — 35 01 »-< s -* CO CO CM ■* eo !>• 00 T: CO CO CM 3 O o CO •-r CO © 'C 00 ~2 CO CO rf — ss fa — ■— — ' — 00 er . l~ 00 co «o CO 00 — — 35 L» CO 00 - s ~" ""■ ^ — ^ N © » 3 (^1 ;_, 5» 03 co 5J g' 5 CJ — >1 cu GO 5c 2 o © g £2 S3 1-3 3 f Death in Boston in 1821. Abscess Accidental Angina pectoris . Apoplexy . Asthma Burns .... Cancer .... Cancerated uterus Casualty Cholera infantum " morbus . Chronic diarrhoea Consumption . Croup .... Cvnanche tracialis Debility . . . Delirium tremens Disease of the heart Diseased scapula Diseases unknown Dropsy . . Drowned . Drunkenness . Dysentery . Dyspepsia . Enteritis Epilepsy . Fever '■ bilious . inflammatory k - nervous puerperal '• pulmonic rheumatic " scarlatina typhus . Fits 2 1 1 7 1 13 3 1 17 6 9 9 192 11 3 8 5 4 1 243 Gravel Hemorrhagia . Hooping-cough . Hydrocephalus interim.' I Hydrothorax . Infantile diseases J Insanity .... | Intemperance . ! Jaundice .... Lumbar abscess . Marasmus .... Measles .... Mortification . Murdered .... 19 1 62 3 10 1 8 10 2 1 7 31 6 1 42 19 Old age Paralysis Phthisis Quinsy Scald Scirrhous liver Scrophula Spasms Spina-bifida Spleen Still-born Sudden Suffocation Suicide Syphilis Tuberculated phthisis . Ulcerated stricture of in- testine Uterus White swelling . . . . 1 1 26 6 2 1 53 4 30 3 1 1 14!) 8 1 31 22 15 o 1 5 5 3 1 1 116 6 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Total 1,420 24 Death Returns fkom'1810 to 1850. 1 »o -M — -<# L- t> © — co © "* >o .. CO GO o ~ l^ t- CO s CM CC CM - ~~ ■ — i — ^- , ^H •— i CM r^ fl fa | t^ -+ CO CC »o CO — L^ l^ X l^ ~ — a fc3 CO s 1 L^ CO C5 cc iC -M "«* IO L^. ** — 2 i CC cc ■uioa 35 co -M X- ■c Ol CM X -* CM -M i— i i >o -i ias *"• ■" H r* ■— < i— l »- < i i Li.' 1 — - ~* o o C 3 - = - ~ ° 1 -M s 1 O - - c c ~ C o © — © r 1 - 1 o fa 1 — "M c o CM CM 1 '-. 05 o 00 s © o """ o " CO ^_ © CO K © Ol r - ^ 1 L^ d u - o CM CO — — M 00 I M 00 M M o s rt -M ~~ — M " — -M — —' « 1 l^ d CD Em — 1-1 -T M M "M - •M M 7-1 CO CO CO S CC o CM ■"" rt *— T-l (M ~ M — ' CO X d CD fa co © ~ ~* "* cc "" - -f OJ © ■* — cc s -* — -M o '- 'C l^ Ttl — M ^* ■* CM ira tH o fa* CC CC "O CM © " ■o IO ^> I- CM CO o — o OS l^ CO CO t*t © L^ -T 35 ^ y 1— 1 CC d d fa* CD CO co CM iO CD •c T ^ ^H -^ -* © t~ CO -* l>- co I> CO •^ CO X CO CO © y 1^ d fa co co l> ^* T}< co CO cz X CO X UO co cc © cc • -M I> -T ~ r~ CO -M co o -* CM M s CC ,_ CM ■M CO — © — i . co C5 co X CM — fa — « o ^-1 x* cc 'M CM — t^ ■* X X wO U5> s ^^ U0 ■* CO ~+ TJ" r- C CO •o ■<4> l~^ — , ■o l» M Sh u fa 1-1 I— ( 1 I- | TS CD S3 S>> I CO co © co -* CO Ol I- l^ C35 o — -M t=^, s ""■ 1-1 *"* © 0> ! ^> » J H '*'. Si o ,_, >~> 0) t^, 4-> — E5o CU 4^ O 53 S 53 Q s O Asthma 2 Burns 1 Cancer 8 Hanging Ilemorrhagia . Hooping-cough . Hydrocephalus . * Elystertis [ ?] . Infantile diseases Casualty 1 ."> Inflammation of bowels 2 2 5 1 1 244 5 Cholera morbus . Cholic, bilious ( Sonsnmptioii .... Cram]) Croup Cynanche traclalis . Debility Diarrhoea -9 Disease of heart .... 3 I) scase unknow n . . .218 Dropsy 43 Drowned 21 Dysentery .">1 1 6(5 2 10 1 4 Epilepsy . Fits Fever, bilious " inflammatory " lung . '' nervous . 2 8 10 6 11 1 " " brain Insanity .... Intemperance Jaundice .... Leprosy .... Marasmus .... Measles .... Mortification . Murdered .... Old age .... Palsy Quinsy Scalds Scirrhus .... Scrofula .... Spasms Still-born .... Strangulated hernia . Sudden pleurisy .... 5 Suffocated 4 36 10 7 Q O 4 2 1 I If) 1 1) •) puerperal putrid . rheu malic typhus vellow . Gout Gravel 24 L 1 3 Suicide . Syphilis Tetanus White swelling Worms . Total 1,203 * In printed report, Hysteria. 26 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. l^ x l> X cc CM t- >o >o CO Ol -+ 1 -f •spnoj C5 l> O GO ». t- CO Ci co Th 1— 1 X 1 1 UTS 1— t S3 Lu , l~ 1—1 -r -r Ol X •* ~ CO l~ I- (N 1 X r* ' p S 1 1 '- --T :* C5 "* o x -T '« CO — CM " 1 co - ■uiog 1 ■0 -M co .- X CO -f C5 ■o (N c; O 1 C35 -ims 1 rt "~ — -i — . © t_l o © o O r o o O o O o O 1 go s 1 1-1 o o o o o - 1 c o o = - 1 CO © ' fa 1 CM r1 o r-l — 1 Tl r-| CM tH o -M — 1 CO o «-. oo S 1 © Ci! 1 r— 1 CO o o o o -' O = CM - 1 CM ° 1 Ci o 1— I ■* CM r— r-l r-i CM CM CO CO CO 1 CM °? 1 CM 6 B re CM CM CM CM CO ~ tH o CM "- 1 ^ 1 o CM © i t- u - o •V ** ~ ^ o CM ^ X* • C5 '-' ^ i co CM 6 • cm O CM Tf CM r— 1 O CM CM CM ^H Tl | o co si 1 CM d CO fa -* ■o 1-1 »o ^ — o CO Tl CO CM -.- 1 co o US S -* 1-1 CM ° co co CM " '-' iO -* -* 1 co co d fa ■* CM CM -* co co co UO ■«* t» L->. co 1 CO • "O L— L^ 1— 1 »c co CO CO X -+ CO co 1 CO «h 1 --: d fa uO CO cs :C CO CO "-■ tea X L>- CO CO | CJ5 . r CO X i- CO r- 1 CO >C o Vv| ■<* !>• CM 1 X co S — 1 «0 d CO fa CO ^ "* X x ■o •o "O CO Oi L^ •-- 1 l — • o» r-l «o •c "M fM »C0 co CO X co CO 1 o o fa — ■«* CQ CM o CO co CM O o CO o »o CM r-l Oi s -H '""' rH eo TO CO I- Ol CO Tp r— GO -* t- - ^ ss fa rt CO i— -r •>* — 1 — o 1- CO — i - i—l X co f-. s I— 1 — r— 1 " — OS *? *J . cao — 1 — •_, tH cu ^ 93 +3 -^ s "S rQ « o — >~> 0) >^ 5b 4J "o r? o 1 c3 ci — < cS fl r^ r^ ^ CJ O r5 cu Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 27 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1823. Abscess Accidental Aneurism . Angina pectoris . Apoplexy . Asthma Atrophy Burns .... Cancer .... Carbuncle Casualty . Cholera infantum " morbus . Colic, bilious . Consumption . Croup .... Cynanche trachialis Debility . . . Delirium tremens Diarrhoea . Disease of heart Disease unknown Dropsy .... Drowned . Dysentery . Dyspepsia . Effusion of brain Epilepsy . Fever, inflammatory " intermittent " nervous . " pleurisy . " puerperal pulmonic " rheumatic '• typhus ' w yellow Fits 4 1G 1 1 11 1 1 •) 4 13 2 I 183 13 1 6 7 12 7 212 18 16 25 12 1 4 5 38 1 27 1 19 Fractures Gout Gravel Hernia, strangled Hydrocephalus .... Hydrothorax .... Infantile diseases Inflammation of the bowels, "• " brain, Intemperance .... Jaundice Marasmus Mortification Old age Organic disease of the brain Palsy Phthisis Quinsy Rheumatism .... Scald Scirrhous liver .... Scrofula Spasms Sphacelus Still-born Stricture urethra Sudden Suicide Syphilis Teething White swelling .... Whooping-cough Worms Wounds 2 2 2 2 9 5 184 15 16 10 1 5 1 5 1 1 6 4 3 1 109 3 5 3 1 2 1 17 Total 1,154 28 Death Returns from INK) to L850. ■SIBJOX ■ujog -iros S fa s — OS — co o OS d fa a fa —1 - Tl O — o C CO CI ri "~ o CO 6 00 — o c T— 1 Ol — ' o o © o •""' ~- 1*- d ■M - -M ~ -* 7-1 1 — 10 CO 1-1 -* ■M IS o s i— 1 - CM 7-1 — CM o OI — "~ CM :C 1- d i- fe >o — 1 ■^ CM i— i -M o -M CO CM CC cc 1 "~ 1 CO o CO s 1—1 - — "M CO o T— 1 — 1— 1 i—l co «* CI d fa -M CO ^ 7-1 "M CO -r CI — i—i CO o 1 - 1 CO © 'O co co oo — ■o "M ■o CM -M ■O '■' >o 1 - ■^ 1 ^ 1 -H • ~ !£ 35 CO CO CO ~ I— ( CO ■O IS CO I— O >o — CO 1 - L^ ^^ .- 1 ^ fa s fa s* 00 X -M I- * CI CM CM CO co co CO o T o CO 1 CO s -M CO ^H " .: CM at co 7M © CO 1 ~* 1 -M 1 fa ct -^ — I to I - r. "~> ~ c3 ® ,2 - T fe <«5 "S >-., 2 o x o 5 to I CO in . 1 fa CM CO -f "M X CO O ** CM ■O o ^h 1 o 1- cw as -M CI — 1-1 ^H -h i—l CO CO •ft o — 1 4' 1 « fa -f — co K 1—1 O ->* 1 - — . 35 co CO 1 ift ( co i-H s ' " i-H -* r— ( CM -M CO CO CM — < i— i GO -# 1 -* 1 ^ ■ft o Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 29 Diseases and Causes ov Death in Boston in L824. Abscess Accidental Apoplexy Asthma Atrophy Bilious colic Bleeding at lungs Burns Cancerous humor ('anker Canker in bowels Carbuncle Chicken-pox Cholera morbus .... Cholera infantum Complaint of heart . Strangury Sudden Complication of diseases . Complaint of bowels Consumption Croup Debility I >ecay of nature .... Decline Delirium tremens Diarrhoea Diseases unknown . " infantile Disorder of the mesenteric glands Diseases of the kidneys Drinking cold water Dropsy Dropsy in head .... Suicide Suffocation Dropsy of chest .... Drowned Dysentery Enlarged spine .... Epilepsy Fever of the lungs . nervous .... inflammatory . 18 2 I 1 7 11 4 1 7 2 2 242 30 11 5 9 4 24 195 32 4 1 2 12 1 14 18 15 1 2 .") 71 1 Fever, brain 1,1 pleurisy . . . . " typhus . . . . " bilious . " puerperal . . . . " putrid " spotted Syphilis Teething Fits . Fungus Gout Gravel Hepatico gastritis Hooping-cough . Hydro-thorax . Inflammation " of the bowels . " " " lungs " " " stomach, k ' " heart . Insanity Intemperance . . . . Marasmus Measles Tetanus White swelling . Mortification . Old age Ossification Palsy Phthisis pulmonalis . Pneumonia Quinsy Rheumatism Rupture Salt-rheum Scirrhus Scrofula Spasms Still-born Strangulated hernia, Worms Wounds 46 1 1 13 1 1 3 10 27 2 2 1 I 13 14 3 13 2 3 7 2 22 1 2 2 1 12 33 1 12 2 4 11 9 2 1 9 89 1 Total 1,2!»; 30 Drath Returns prom IS If) to l.s. r ><). -^ — _ __ O 0-1 "C co — - 1 O 1 •spjox Os ~ X r(* ca CI M ft fa ■ o -r C-l iC 1 - cs — 1 - 1^ -T o - 1 -o • ■- K 'O l^ -M cc — '0 CO t- = "~ 1 CTS P s 1 >o •uaoa OS ~ ■* 'O 1- — •0 l~ CI Ifl X z j X X -ims = C 1 si fa - X ~ c "" o o o — ~ ~ l~ S o o ~ c = o © o - o CI - 1 *" ' © a fa ;m -r — — 1 = o - CI — 'C 6 00 B * CO 1-" r_! o l^ 'O ~ co -f '- -T s S CD co UO cc Z — c-. 1- -t ^< — " 0^ 1-- d fa oo CO O t^ '— ' t-» f. CI X t- 1- " o • iC 00 CO co >Q "t Ol 1^ CI 00 r— -f kO m — — X d CO © 35 fa (M co 'O fa r— 1 i—i ^^ — X cxt co CO CO CO OS t^ tr- o o iO ^H CO >c * 7-1 ^ H 7—1 X 1 > CO l>- JO OO — r>\ 1—1 Ol o CO CI "* p^ s 1-1 "CI CI ~" CI ^^ — »ffl ©5 • • oo f-l fH . l-H j-"5 4J s cu CP o g 0) ^2 ci a 9 :S S-> cu >> Ei» CD +3 O cu S3 eg |-"< X •- ■^ — CM CO X X CT 1- 1 — < •srBjoi — X o — - - - CC CM i — ~ o, CM CC — — fa CM o tN CC 1 — i ~ - cr CM O • — ■' —i __ 1— 1 ,_ — ■* CM i — CM S3 S •njog -iros M 1- - I- O rH -o •o c I~ -r T— 1 r. X -f si fa '- C: = ~ o o 1-1 o — - - CM 7 1 CM s o ~ C c ~ c 3 = — ' CM CM © 00 fa -* — CC - , — 3 — "M ~ ~ o 00 S T— 1 o o 1—1 - — 1 — — ~ © fa ^ l~ CM — o - ~ CC CM CC T— 1 'J"- o s TH 1—1 i— 1 — 1 CM ■M — 1—i CM d fa CM >t CC -M 'cH CM CM -t- CM ~^ ~ CC CT 6 s r—. ■<* "* "CH CM (N ~ o — 1 I- CM ^. X CM d cs 6 U3 fa "* iO ■<* <* CO "— (M -* CC CM — X CC fa '" 1— 1 T— 1 o CO CC '-' CC ;- ■* d "* .c — -# -M '- CC CC rH i^ — 3 d <* s "* -* id -* l>- CO OS — l^ ■o — l~ d fa CO CO »o 3S L— uc 00 o ^H 1- l^ CO -M • ■^ >o CM t~ 00 r o e» X l- OS ~ "O co S — rt 1—1 -• d fa CO CM b- CM CO o iO — ■ ~ — I— 1 '- I- CM o s L^ CO '- CO X CO 00 X l> >~ 'O ■M d fa t— 1 — CC — CM -* CM CM "'• CC ^" co d cc — CM CM — - i— I 1—1 ■^ CC CI CM c CM •"* 1—1 CM cm CM CO O CO CM 1—1 cz: C^: ~ d fa „ S3 CM o CM -* CO CM " tc CC >c c _ CM cil fa -* — 1 -* CC "O CM 1—1 CC CM "^ tH co CC s CD CM CM T_l •o *-* CO CM •- CM CM CC cc •~ ■* CM ..- l^ — ->* CM CM i- X CM i- tic *"* — « - . CC cm co X -^ O CM CO Tji ■* 1^ <— 1 s T— 1 '• CO 00 E- X — CO i—( CC CO •o CM iO l-H nder year " F 1-1 I— 1 rt 05 l^ CM co ,_, -f* c •o O r— CO C75 CC ^ e i— 1 -H ^* ! 1— 1 CM 1— 1 co cc ?» 1—1 >1 o> o> Qj >> e8 — f>> CO +3 5d Z -i-3 O ^3 s o h"J en o3 - CM o . O (M o 3 I— 1 — CM I— 1 o o vn | — ♦ i (N CM O ^^ i-h I— ( C T— ( — O o l-H co P S 1 1—1 ■n-iog 1 -iros t- O CD CC as l>- •o I— O c T >o CO X §§ fa | c o - 3 o o o o o o o ^ 1 l-H S3 1 - o O o o o o c o o o ° 1 o © 03 fa | CO 1— 1 - CM 7-1 *- 7-1 o ^ 1—1 »— i c iO o 00 s 1 - 1 - - 1 ^ o o "- 1 tH '- , o 1-1 ° 1 - d op d fa ! o I— I CM CO 7-1 —' 1—1 CM CM '-* •^ .co | "■ s ! — 71 71 ^ 7-1 — 71 1-1 -■ T-H CO o co l-H d fa | S 1 ^ CD — -74 C o CM - 1 o T— 1 CM CO co — ,_l _ CC CM 71 o -* CO CO o ^H :: CO co 1 CM d 6 d o fa | '0 O iO CM «o ^ T— 1 — "* CO rH « o CO S 1 fa co H o CD co X C L- «-< 1—1 CO * 71 — 71 — CO CO ■* CM as co CO ■^H iO ^ CD — s >o X Til CM — *tf ^H CO X o to CC <*< — . CO i fa 1 CO "* »o ** i- CO i- l^ X ■* t- • »C0 1 CO 1 s 1 o CM l~ _ CO t> co "O 71 o t> o tH CO — -i co d fa 1 CO ■<* CD CO "* CD CO uO CO 'O co ^ co CO d s -* ** CO ■~ CO 'CO rh CO "* 1^- as iO 1- 71 ,— , _ o 1—1 ,-H CM ^h CM co CM CM l-H o fa CM esj . 1 rH iO CO 1— 1 CO T— I CO CO CM 1— I CM CO CO l-H s 7-1 # o T— 1 !-H r (M ,-H ~ CC O CM r- t— 1 CM d l-H fa l-H # ~ O ~r 71 7-1 I— 1 ,— | CC ,— 1 © CC o I- s ^ CM CO >o ■* i— I CC CM r— i CM o o l-H "* fa CM •o . l-H 71 '7 tH CO o CO co !— 1 1 — 1 'CO "<* CM s CO rH T— 1 CO c 71 71 -* o as CM 70 CO o fa T-H ^* N . CM O 71 7-1 CO »<0 >o 1* 70 r— i CM CO CM s CO 70 71 CC as CO rH «o 1— < CM o CD co iO !h Jh fa l^ > . 35 X CM as MO L- ICO CO *tf CO «* -* ^ !=-, s i— 1 — r— ( as t^ • C* - 1-3 3 3 fa -3 P 03 0> t-3 3 bf) 0) CD C/3 CD "o o O > o g Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. .10 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1827. Hooping cough .... G Heart disease .... (3 Hip disease 1 Head, diseases of 2 Infantile diseases . . . 35 Insanity 5 Intemperance 25 Inflammation .... Abscess 2 Accidental . 13 Apoplexy . . 10 Asthma 2 Bloody flux 1 Bowel complaint . . 19 Brain, diseases of . 3 Burns .... 8 Cancer .... . 4 Canker .... . 18 Canker rash . 1 Child-bed diseases . 11 Cholera infantum 3 Cholera morbus . 5 Colic, bilious . 2 Consumption . . 178 Convulsions . . 23 Croup .... . 25 Diseases unknown If) 2 Debility . . . 6 Delirium tremens 1 Diarrhea . 3 Dyspepsia . 1 Drowned . 21 Dropsy 25 " of chest . 6 " of brain 24 Dysentery 23 Diabetes . 1 Epilepsy . 3 Erysipelas . 8 Fistula .... 1 | Fever, unknown kin a 4 " nervous . 1 " typhus 24 " lung . 36 ' ' scarlet 1 " bilious . . 3 i 41 inflammatory 2 " brain . 19 " putrid . 2 Gravel Hanged . 2 1 of heart . " bowels . u brain . " lungs . Jaundice 4 1 12 1 2 3 Lethargy 1 Liver complaint . Mortification .... '' of bowels . Old age Palpitation of heart Palsy Paralitic affection . Poison Prolapsus uteri . Pleurisy 3 Quinsy Rheumatism Scrofula Suicide . Spasm i 9 2 37 1 6 6 1 1 .... 2 .... 4 2 .... 4 .... 6 Small-pox 3 Syphilis 1 Suffocation 1 Still-born 83 Sudden 3 Throat distemper ... 6 Tumor ...... 3 Teething 23 Ulcer 1 Worms 4 Wounds 1 Total 1,022 36 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. ec CM co ■ O eo CO CO l> o CO os CO CO •smox o L- 00 o o i— i OS OS (N iO i-H CO os CO CM i-H s* fa o c o c: — o o ^h o i-H i-H o ** M fl s r- 1 o _ o — ,_l ^H CI o rH CM T— 1 r-l & 1-H •ujog -M CO cc c- CO CO CM i—l -h> CO CO -<* l^ -IIT1S si fa ■M c c c o o c C - o o i-H CO s O o ^H o - o o o © o o O i-H © OS 6 oo fa" o ■- 1 CM T-l © o o o o *■" ^ -* l-H S CO o ^ ° 1-1 1—1 CM o i—l o CM r - Tl d oo fa CO o 1-1 CO CM o CO co " CM CO i—l CM CM • o CM o 1-H CM CM CM CM 1—1 o 1—1 CM iO s i-H d fa ■^ CO CO 1—1 *-* CO CO -* ■o 1— t i-H CO CM CO s 1—1 o ,_, CO r— I iO © CM CM I-H CO i-H ~ CO d © CM . ■<* I— 1 iO ,— 1 CM CO CO "<* — CM CM CO ■* Uh CO s Tji CM CO o X o CM CM c uO 3C »o ■^ lO 1—1 ■* 40-50. M. F. co CO CO ■<* o ^f CO -* -* ^* ^H CM CO ■* T|1 CM -* CO iO "* CM os tH CO »C UO »o >o B CO CO '- ** CD l^ os © •^i cc t^ iO ■* o fa 1—1 t> , CO o o CO C^ l^ CO iO CM OS OS CO co o 3 "- 1 CO t- uO OS X CO co i—i t» OS CO -* CO CO d fa ^H i-H CO CO CO CO iO X os !>• O- CO CO co o CO d fa CO « B r _, o T-i CM -M 1— t CM CM Th CM 1— 1 CM r> i-H s CM fa *# CM © »o i— t co c o CM o r-l — os O l-t IO •^ s - 1 CM " CM CM .-* 1-H CM i—l T— 1 "* CM CO CM . co CM CO L^ i—l CO 1—1 ,_| •o o < — 1 ■^ i-H fa CO . ■^ O co •O CM CM i—l 1—1 iO i-H 1-H TH os s CM CO -M -+ >o CO CO CO CO CO ,— I CO CO fa ^* CSJ B Tf CO o 1 i iO © CM CO ^ xH r(H CM o ri o CO os ^h Lb a> oS 1 ^ ^H •- 1 i—l '-' CM 1-1 i-H o a>> . CI 1 — CO ,_! -h CO ,— i ~ ^ ~ co co co ^ s ^H T— ( 1—1 1-H i—l i—i CM i-H 1—1 co ^H X 00 p>» P-> cu a; ^2 c3 s a at c5 ^3 >> a 1-3 05 S3 <1 fa CP Cv o o o > o a P Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 37 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in IS 28. Abscess " lumbar . Apoplexy . Accidental Asthma Burns .... Bleeding in lungs " k ' stomach Bowel complaints Consumption . Child-bed disease Croup .... Convulsions . Canker Cholera morbus . " infantum Chicken pox . Cancer .... Colic, bilious . Dysentery . Dropsy .... " of chest . " " brain . Diseases unknown Delirium tremens Drowned . ind Debility . . . Diabetes . Diarrhea . Drinking cold water Erysipelas Fever, unknown k " typhus " bilious " lung " brain . " hectic . . " malignant " inflammatory " scarlet " nervous . " intermittent 1 1 18 14 1 9 2 1 2 217 14 25 31 13 7 19 1 4 29 20 1 38 178 7 1G G 1 2 2 3 5 31 1G 81 12 3 1 2 2 1 2 Fracture 2 Gravel 1 Heart, disease of G Hooping-cough .... 40 Inflammation of larynx . 1 lt general . . 4 " of bowels . 33 "' " stomach . 2 " " brain . . 5 " tl lungs . . 5 Infantile diseases . . . 55 Intemperance .... 34 Insanity 1 Jaundice 2 Liver complaint .... 10 Lockjaw 1 Mortification 7 " of bowels . . 4 Matrix, disease of . . . 1 Mesentery, disease of . . 1 Old age 54 Pleurisy - Poison 2 Palsy 10 Piles 1 Quinsy 1 Rupture 1 Rheumatism 2 Scrofula 5 Suicide 9 Spasms 1 Small- pox 2 Sudden 2 Scirrhous 1 Still-born 74 Throat distemper ... 1 Ulcers 3 Venereal 3 White swelling .... 1 Worms 1 Total 1,233 38 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 1 >o eo cm CO OS os 1^ l^ CM CO' CO CO T-H •spnox o o o r-t © OS t» os os CM © © © CM T-H •tuojj no t>- OS ** t~ l> CO 1— I GM 1— 1 l^- GM >o -UPS 1-1 CO fa* o o o o o © o O © -' 1—1 © GM S o o o 1-1 o o ~~ .—I © © 1— i - , '- i d | fa — o o o T-H o o O © rt — ' r -<* Cfti— 1 * : S o ~ o o - - © o o © © © © T-H © fr" co CM 1— 1 CM o cm o — > © T-H GM T-H • - CS y—t O • 1— 1 CM o o GM o o CM rH r _| © _ © 00 2= tH O 00 fa GM CO - H ^ o CO •"" — © CO CM co OS CM o s ^- , "* o -M I— 1 GM o o GM 1—1 '- , — < O O 1 fa nO ■* cm CO T ~ l CM eo ""* © ~ CM o 1-- ! o h CD 5 l— 1 CM GM -.-. CM CO •M CM GM GM CO GM © ■M o CO fa GM CM GM © o ^ CO CM T-H CO ^ CM © g a CO CM i> "-" CM "* CM CM GM ' - "-■ UO GM CO d fa -* GM Tjn co os CO IE "* CO GM uO — ' OS -r • .- en l^ "* - — CO CO CO CO -+ GM i— i § nO d d CO fa © ** X os tH CO co CO -f © © — i— 1 a © no t- CO ** ■^ . T-H 1-- >o CO CM -* © *— ' — ' CO _- _■ co CO GO GM t-h CM CO 1^ ^ »o ■* uO "O ? d Un — tH t- • >o t> l> no no co CM t> co o CO T-H CM 3 — ' — * CO o ,_| o ■^ GM CO co -H I- © i— I T-H GM d fa CO 2 CO H CO CM CO ^H CO © CM © -* GM t- a CM o CM o CO 1—1 o o © CO © GM CO »- d fa T-H "«* o GM GM o >— I o GM CM ■rH GM — i UO 10 * CM | CO nO >o CM t— 1 CM ** •O >o t- CO o '- fa UO 1.M CO !>• "* CO -* t- GM CM iO X — no a © os zo CO CO CO «o i—l GM HO © v: CO GM fa t-h T-H r-H CO CO ■c "-* CO 1—1 o O CO CO CM CO -* -+ T—l 1—1 r— I © l> CO -* GM t~ CM nO »0 CO © i— i O © ss fa ,_l i—l i— i t^ ,«£ . o o GM os CO co CO •* GM CO o T-H i— I ^T- S3 1—1 1— 1 1-H GM T-H CM T-H Cs c>* OD >> CJ co »— >. *a •_, ^ _2 a C3 '-3 83 p CD J3 p 83 < d a i-s >-9 00 bO < g S 72 03 pQ -^ O o rH CU > o 3 o Q Death Returns from 1810 TO 1850, 39 Diseases and Causes Apoplexy • Accidental Abscess "• of lungs " " brain Burns ... Brain, disease of Consumption Convulsions . Croup . Child-bed diseases Canker . Carcinoma uteri Colic . • .- Cholera morbus Chlorosis . Cancer Diseases unknow Dropsy . " of brain " " chest Dysentery . . Drowned . Debility • • Diarrhea . Disease of bowels chest Epilepsy . . Fever, typhus " lung . " brain . " bilious " putrid . tl unknown kind " intermittent . " scarlet " inflammatory " malignant " nervous Fistula . Fracture Gravel . Gout . . Hemorrhage of lungs " " bowels Hooping-cough . . of Death in Boston in 1829. 12 12 1 1 2 4 2 203 28 35 17 7 1 3 1 1 3 160 12 42 4 20 19 10 1 10 4 2 28 80 14 6 Hip disease Heart, disease of Inflammation of bladde Infantile diseases Inflammation 11 of lungs " of bowels " of brain Insanity Intemperance Jaundice . Lock-jaw . Liver, diseases of Lethargy . Mortification tl of bowel Measles Nervous affectiou Old age Palsy . . Pleurisy Piles . . Poison . Quinsy . Rheumatism Rupture " blood-vessel Sudden Still-born , Suffocation Spleen, disease Salt rheum Scrofula Suicide . Scald . Scurvy . Spasms Spine, disease of Stomach, disease of Teething . . • Throat distemper Venereal . Worms . Total . • • 1 55 1 1 10 7 3 30 1 1 14 1 s 1 72 1 65 11 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 7 05 1 1 1 4 5 1 1 2 1 2 13 3 1 3 1,221 40 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. ■spnoi i^ z © -* 1-1 O CO o •ajog -IIF»S I I o oo *§ I I o i I - i I o I o f>l i o L° ^1 i— I ^H CO I GO I 50 ^- , ■^1 1-H i— I I 'N PM | - " 1 fa ' -* CO L^ CO !>• l> "* -v 1 ° 1 o s fa o s CO "* -*T co • t- -* -^ »o r. t^ CO *- CO CO © fa tH '"" ' CO 1-1 ■** CM o © CO >» H £ p ft, c3 3 3 »-3 »-3 3 bC 3 < f: — O o O S CM OS 00 ■O CO CO * •niog ' — ' OS >o 1- 1- o CM CM CO CO CO OS r— 1 rH -ims 1— 1 1— 1 t^ a fa i— 1 o i-l o o i— 1 o o © © © — -* S o o o © o o o o © -" © ^ ?a .© fc o CM •- 1 1— I '- o o o - 1 © © 1—1 i^> S© ^T s c o 1—1 © c o — ' o © *^ © "- 1 d 6 00 © 00 fa 1—1 -M -M © 1-1 CO — o c rH ~ -t ■o s I— 1 -M i— 1 1-1 o 1-1 - © o :t ~2 CO -cH s ^* -* CM "* CM -H tJ( Ol CM co tj( © »o lO — I ■* d fa I © 1— t CM CM co O 1-1 "* ■* »o L^ 1-1 CO © . • 1 CO lO CO cc o >fl CO CO • ~ co •o © '~ § £ — < ■-Z d © fa CM 00 OS CO CO •c "* ■<* CO ^ CO CO CM. CO • o iO «— i ■*• UO ^H l^ C5 © C5 CO CO CO e5 ^H i— 1 — ■• 1—1 - — • • 00 iO CO 1—1 >~ -# l^ CO >~ L^ >o © CO Uh T-l 1—1 L^ s o ^H co os ,— 1 CO O L^ K - -* CM 00 « — i-H — X -*H CM -* rH 1# l> <~ (N CO CO CO >o cc o fa ^ es . i-H o o CM 1— ( o co i— ( rH © CO CN T 1 rH ■ ^^ CO I-H CO CM T— 1 'O ^ rH ,— 1 •o co l> OS d fa co . CM © •— 1 rH o rH CM CM iO >o o CO t^ s CM >o ^H o •># —4 ~* CO t^ CO CO iC (M OS fa 1—1 i— 1 CO «5 . iQ iO CO 1— 1 »o HO -h t> CO CO l^ CO 1— 1 s 1—1 l> ■* CM CM -* CM CO co co © os CO CM iO fa i-H 1— 1 >—i t> est . ■«* CM i-H ■* CM iQ O CT5 CO o OS rH 00 s -H >o . ^* OS CO os CO en CO — © 1— 1 © iO rH J-l ^ <»o3 fa - -1 . 00 00 00 00 iO O X co oo i-H OS os TO i">rH a i— 1 rH 1— 1 1-1 CM CO CO GO — ;_, i-* >^ cu CU >-> oS 3 S3 eS »-8 s3 V TZ >~> cu co bb g OJ 33 o ? CJ < o3 ►o Hj C3 GO o O 6 cu G Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 43 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1831 Apoplexy . Asthma Abscess Accidental Brain, disease of Bowel, " Bleeding . Burns . Child-bed diseases Catarrh Consumption . Cholera infantum " morbus Convulsions Croup . . . Canker . Carbuncle . Cancer Colic . . . " bilious . Dropsy k ' of brain " " chest Diseases unknown " of spine Dysentery Drinking cold water Diarrhoea . Drowned . Delirium tremens Debility . . . Erysipelas Fever, unknown . 1 ' intermittent " nervous . " lung . " inflammatory " typhus tw brain . " scarlet " bilious spotted Frozen 11 2 4 11 11 13 5 13 14 1 203 7 14 29 53 14 1 5 1 3 28 51 4 182 3 28 1 1 15 6 20 2 11 2 2 81 2 21 18 58 4 1 1 Fracture 1 Hooping-cough .... 26 Heart, diseases of . . . 8 Hip complaint .... 2 Inflammation 3 " of bowels . 18 " " lungs. . 16 Infantile diseases . . . 56 Intemperance 38 Insanity 1 Influenza 22 Jaundice 1 Liver complaint . . . . 11 Measles 2 Mortification 9 Old age 67 Poison 1 Pleurisy 4 Palsy 11 Quinsy 5 Rheumatism 4 Rupture of blood-vessel . 2 Rupture 1 Still-born 71 Scald 3 ( Scrofula 2 Sudden 5 Skin, disease of ... 1 Small pox 4 Stomach, disease of 1 Suicide 12 Spleen 1 Spasms 5 Suffocation 2 Tumor 5 Tic doloioux 1 Throat distemper ... 26 Teething 10 Ulcers 3 Wounds 3 Worms 3 Total 1,424 44 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. •SIT2101 -HHCMCO'O'OGOOOO'OO^fco i-cM-^COCOCOCMOiOOOCO-* co •moa -row r-eowt-ooi-cococococst- CO a fa OOOOt-Ht-hOt-hOOOOICO s t-hOO-hOOOOt-hOOOI-* 81 fa CMOOOOOOOOt-hO-h|CO S* OOOOOOOOOOOOIO 80-90. M.IF. fMCMOOt-i-HO-HC-fCOO|-* CMOOOOt-hOOtHt-iOt-HICO © • I iO -* 1 t— »0 <—i rji i— 1 •"* i— i CM CO CO 1 O fa 1 1 -* o • 1 t-h ■*£ t-H t-I -<* O O CM CM CO — «D 1 iO SI 1 CM © d •1-^ CM CM CD -T CM t-I ■** t- ^ iO CO 1 I— •|iO t-h -* 1 O CM O CO CO CO CO CO CO I CO Si 1 cc d d ■ 1 CO CO CM CM CM CM O CM -h CO >0 ■* 1 C J 1 IN CO 00 ~H CO ^# CO t-h CO »o O 001 — S 1 T-H | IQ d d d d CO ,* 1 © "O -* ■* CM O i-H tJi CO GO t^ -<# | t-h fa 1 — 1 T-H 1 1- ^T I I- -* t- C5 fc» >0 CM ^ Oi ** I- CO i GO SI -i 1 I- fa rJ5-*iQC500CO00 00COC5'O'*|0C 1 • lOOiOiOCMTHOOt^CMCSOCft ^ 1 GO d CO d . 1 CM CO O CM CO O 00 "O CO O CO O i i>- rv. I ,—<,—( >— i ^h i— ii— I 1 O *** | | T-H s iOl^00>OiOC0COCM0iC0Ol~|O T^ ^H 1 00 1 d o .• 1 iO CO "O CM *0 CM -"^ CO CO CO O CM 1 t— i fa I 1 >o • | -H f» ,-h ^ CO CO "<* CO Tj< -^ -* rl 1 T)( S I co d .••I'M CO -* >0 O -* •"* -H ""* t-H CM "* 1 CS fa | | CO •|t^ -^1 CO t>- -^ 00 t-h CO i— I CM O O 1 Tf SI 1 *o . 1 Oi CS t> C- O O l> 0O iO 00 CM TflCO rv. | .— — i>- CO t-h CT5 CO 00 ■**> O t-h CM COI—H r_" i— 1 T— It— 1 T— 1 i— 1 i— 1 1 >-H •-H j | ^ • ICO IO t> OS iO CO iQ CO OS O CO OI-h g I t-i t-h tH 1 C5 !5* S=rH .ICM 00 t- t~ CO CO CO CO © "■# t» CMl'O • icot— ico^cMcot>-T— it^-^cot^ §•'—' — t-H -H t-Ht-Ht-h^ CO O '} 5 D * 111? i a i. 1 I 1 1 i Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 45 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1832. Apoplexy . Abscess Accidental Brain, diseases of Bowels, '• t- Bleeding . Burns .... Chicken-pox . Child-bed diseases Catarrh Consumption . Cholera infantum "■ morbus . " malignant Convulsions . Croup . . . . Canker .... Canker rash . Cancer .... Colic .... " bilious . Dropsy .... " of brain . lt of chest . Diseases unknown Dysentery . Diarrhea Dyspepsia . Drowned . Delirium tremens Debility Epilepsy . Erysipelas . Fever, intermittent " unknown . " nervous "■ lung . " inflammatory ' ' typhus " brain . " scarlet " bilious " rheumatic Gravel 15 8 12 17 27 6 8 1 14 1 246 78 35 40 1 4 1 3 38 44 6 126 21 3 1 22 10 15 1 4 1 4 1 87 1 45 13 149 1 2 1 Gland, diseases of . . . 1 Hooping cough . . . . 22 Heart, disease of 7 Hip, " " ... 3 Inflammation 3 " of bowels . 31 " of lungs . . 19 " of stomach . 3 Infantile diseases ... 70 Intemperance 44 Influenza 24 Jaundice 3 Lock-jaw 1 Liver complaint . . .9 Lethargy 1 Measles 70 Mortification 9 Old age 62 Pleurisy 3 Palsy 19 Quinsy 6 Rheumatism 1 Still-born 86 Scald 2 Scurvy 1 Scrofula 3 Scirrhus 1 Sudden 9 Small-pox 1 Suicide 8 Spasms 6 Spine, disease of ... 1 Syphilis 4 Strangulation 1 Suffocation 2 Throat distemper ... 50 Tumor 2 Teething 21 Ulcer 2 Uterus, disease of . . . 1 Worms 7 Wounds ...... 6 Total 1,761 ii; Death Returns prom 1810 to 1850. i- oo o 00 co — CO co co 00 C7i >o CO •Sl'ElOI i— i i— 1 o i-H CJ5 00 O o 00 C-l CO co I- rH •n.iog CO rH 1—1 CM i— 1 cc l-~ Th — co CO o Ol -IITiS 1—1 —"' rH i-H 1-H o 3 i u> O O GO o o r-i c o o o -H o ^ o o o o o o o o o o o ^ - 8| d OS 6 oo fa o o ~ o o o o ~ i-H o o o - s fa o o =■ '— o i-H o © ~ o rH c CO — 1-1 o 1—1 i-H GM TH r-H eo o •- 1 CO i-H B GO o o 1— 1 " o rt o i — o 1-H o " s fa co CO "* CO GM "- 1 i— I CM -* o -^ '-' 00 CI o S CO CO 1—1 CO CO o CO co ^H CO CO o CO 1> CO d 6 CO fa (M iO ■>* CO -* o uo »o CO CO CO >o 5 S CO CO — '-' i—( i-H CM o CM GM tH co CD GO d CO d fa CO CO 3 "O CO CC eo ^ ^CH — ' = CO as CO S CO «o CO CO CO -D ^H -* r-, CO CO iO CO IO CO d fa '-' CO iO CO CM '- , 1-1 CM "<* CO CO CO o CO o • o GO CO ■<# CM «c iO o o »c o iO iO rH &; i-H 1-H i-H 1 CD •O 00 rH t- CO iO •D rH GM -* CO >o c ^ -H i-H 1-H oc O • - o oo CO CO CO co a rH I— 00 CI CO CO 1— « i-H - Oi eo CD CO 1— 1 OS >o i-H CO l^ 00 i-H CD d eo 6 fa rH 1—1 1—1 *""' i-H ■-H rH 1 — 1 • co ■<# Cft co co CO tH ■-o C5 CO "-D so l> CM g i-H 1— 1 ^ - 1 - • eo CO CO CO _ rH CM o co o CO -f CD o MM -- GM GO CO CO CO 1— 1 i— 1 r- ■* rH iO GO X rH B GO GO O GO GO i-H CO CO o -* o i-H T— 1 OC d fa 1— o i— ( O 1-H i-H CO CO CO co CO CO o 1 CO B 1 » 1- CO CO mO CO CM ** co -* CO iO r*- '- fa M0 est co T-l 1—1 -># 00 I- I- ^H uO CO CC o 1 GO B 1-1 i— 1 r— 1* . - t- CO UO CO "0 t- 1— t i-H -* GO rH 1 -H fa i-H CO •— ' - est 1 GM I> S i-H i-H iO -* GO CM CM >o iO T— 1 rH co GM GO o X fc^ fa i— ( ^ i— 1 1-1 CM CO 1-1 1-1 —" rr OS r- 1 o rH l> OS OS rti rH t* t- CO t^ ^rH B — ' 1— 1 i-H CO i-H 1-H CO l-H CO CO 00 5h %-< 1 ^ >1 l-S) Sh Cj Sh rQ CO o — c OS co 3 1-5 r-5 +2 03 bJD < a CD -J ft CO CB rQ o o O a o CO rO g co o co Q Death Returns from l Erysipelas 3 Epilepsy . 1 Fever, unknown . . 11 " nervous . 4 " lung . 59 " slow 4 " typhus . 62 " brain . 7 " scarlet . 61 ' ' bilious 5 '• rheumatic . 3 " worm . . 3 Fracture . 2 Gout .... 1 of 28 13 1 23 18 1 11 1 00 40 1 5 1 12 1 2 2 4 57 8 12 2 1 1 02 1 1 4 1 5 3 4 14 2 2 23 3 30 2 4 4 1 Total 1,476 48 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. •SIB101 CO — >c co CO o -M o co CO ■>* CM CO 1—1 •ujog -UPS o I> t^ o I— 1 1—1 CO © 00 fa" * CM o CO CO o fa* CO o i— i T— ( ^ o -M l-H *" H 1-1 O ^* - o iO CM >C CO ■^ co CM -* CO • 1 CM o o t> CM CO o CO CO CO CM :t CO co S CO d CD fa 1 CO !— 1 «o co t^ ^ CO CO »o rH CO lC os — '. 1 I— 1 o CO iO OS cm o iO l^ o 1—1 co os io S 1—1 iO d fa 1 «o o CO ■>* ■^ ** CM -* o 00 os CO 1- o s 1* t> co 00 L^ >o os t^ 0C CO CM CM l^- • CD t>- CO o OS CO CO CM 00 '- CO CO CO o . ^ d eo u* — t^ . OS ,__, CO CO iO os o ■* 00 CO ' CO 00 os S 1-1 1-1 »— 1 i— 1 1—1 *— ' — fa* CO OS "* ■* OS CO o o CO 1—1 iO OS CO o eo 1— I 1— 1 1—1 1— 1 os . CO -tf © r^ o •* o iO t- >o o r- CM « s I— 1 ^ ^H 1—1 ^^ 1— ( 1— 1 1—1 • iO >o >o CM CO iO CO CO 00 CM iO H CO o » IO d 1-1 S o CO o CO (M o ■^ CO »o iO CO co CO co s "* CO CO CO C~ 1— 1 o tJ* OS »o t^ CO o CO fa ^^ 1—1 CM ' —l o US , T— ( OS CM OS "O cm 00 os CM 1— 1 -* 00 o s ""* ^ CM CM rt CO . iO CO o >o CO CO CO os ■^ i—l m CM r— 1 fa •— > CM CM o T* -* ■* »o CO i— 1 O >o o a ^ CM rM CM ^^ ■^ r> o 1—1 00 CM CO t^ t> CM Tf CM 1—1 ■>* fa T— 1 — CM CM 1-1 CM 1-1 tJH t3 o> t> CM o CO ri OS 1— 1 «0 "* CO OS CM OS 1—1 CM -M CM 1-1 CM os ui CO GO ^H — . »■ H d a S3 1-5 o3 3 S-c X> CD a S3 < 8 CD 1-3 >> "3 -4-3 CO d be d a CP HI CA3 X2 o o O s cu O S CU o cu Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 51 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1835. Hip, disease of ... 3 Hanged 7 Insanity ...... 10 111 2 2 30 2 37 1 23 1 1 31 25 19 9 Bowels, diseases of . 32 Bursting blood vessel . 8 208 9 11 32 Child-bed diseases . . . 29 Cholera morbus . 9 lk infantum 21 1 Diseases unknown . 88 " of brain 7 " of heart 6 Drinking cold water 1 38 " of brain . . 48 " " chest . . . 1 45 16 Debility 99 Delirium tremens 4 . 3 Disease of glands . . 1 " " spine 1 9 2 Fevers, unknown . 5 ' ' intermittent 4 " bilious . . 18 " brain . 23 " scarlet . . 46 " typhus . . 73 " inflammatory . 2 , 141 " nervous . . 3 1 Hooping cough . . 44 Infantile diseases Influenza Inflammation, general . " of bowels " " bladder Intemperance .... Jaundice Liver, disease of Lethargy Lock jaw Marasmus Mortification 10 Measles 188 Old age 72 Pleurisy 13 Poison 1 Palsy 19 Quinsy 6 Rheumatism 4 Rickets 1 Ring worm 3 Still born 95 Scurvy 2 Suicide 9 Scrofula 12 Sudden 12 Spasms 6 Syphilis 2 Scald 2 Small-pox 6 Throat distemper ... 25 Tumor 7 Teething 24 Ulcers 9 Ulcerated sore throat . . 2 Worms 6 Total 1,914 52 Death Returns feom 1810 to 1850. 1 eo 00 f— 1 eo t^ eo »o "* eo ,-H 00 cc 1 ° •srsioi 1 «o 1- GM "* cs eo eo o •* eo •niog 1 *° iO 1—1 Ci eo o OS -* i— i eo 00 CO 1 ™ 1 GM -iws 1 pi fa 1 ° o GM C o o O ~ o — o o 1^ s 1 ° o o C o GM o O o O o o 1 GM 8)H fa 1 ° o o rr o o o o o o C' 1— 1 I GM S 1 ' — ' o o o o © rH o o o - 1 o 1 '" . ,_ ,_, © ,— 1 o o CN T- GM CO 1 "* O u. 1 i-i 6 00 S 1 r ~ l o '-' 1-1 r GM rt o *"" ^* *" ' GM in • 1 ^ ■* eo GM CO ■«# GM CO r— co CO ' »C5 I °° © fa 1 *"" ' i-H ~~eo — 1 CO © CO - 1 o o CO o "M f— 1 ■* 1 ^ 1 GM . 1 CO -* GM CO GM (N ,_| 1 -'. © fa 1 eo ^ "* "tf GM »o 1-1 ^ CO O eo eo 15 6 ITS s l eo CO >o i— i GM "* ^ »o o 00 00 00 15 © fa 1 CM o t> GM eo CM CO ^ eo OZ ■* eo 1 CO 1 o d • 1 ^ oo •o CO »o t- »a 00 t> CO o iC I GM fes 1— 1 "" 1 00 i • OS c» no ■«* I> no eo CO GM o b- 1 "^ T d eo u- 1 '- • ^ H 1—1 1 00 s I gm ■^1 OS uO eo 00 1—1 id 00 ^ *o eo 1 s 1 ° eo 00 o 00 T— | Oi C5 o >o cc L~- i c» d fa rt r_l rt "^ 7—1 1 — 1 °* eo t- o c^ iO 00 ^t< l>- "0 ~ 00 1 l~ « s rt 1-1 1 d CQ fa eo eo T— 1 iO GM " GM ^ o ** kO b- 1 iO 1 ■* o I-H S 1 "° ^ ^ co GM CO o ^* GM -* CM GM 1 ^ 1 CO d fa "* "— ' 1—1 " —l GM GM CO 1—1 CM CO T T 1 ^ 1 GM 1 s 1 eo CO 1-1 eo C 00 CO I> i-H IS 1 "* o *_, r-4 CO »o id CM CM rf o »o eo i-H fa '~ H 1-1 GM T ~ { O s CO CO eo GM eo GM ■* - eo o c- *<* OS o t ^. CO CJS i— i 00 GM i—l T* i— i ^^ 1—1 co fa GM 1-1 , ~ l CO CO GM ^^ *"* 00 rH C72 . CO rH gm o C5 — 35 o o C5 X t- *r* ■ ~ 1-1 •~ 1-1 1-1 GN eo *"* 00 CO 90 GO t-i ^. •^ ^ ( 03 c3 >-> S3 © S3 ^ 03 1-5 00 be 3 ^2 CO 01 o o O ca CO o X2 s a; o a> Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 53 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1836. Apoplexy . Accidental Aneurism of Aorta Amputation Abscess Asthma Blood, disease of Bleeding at lungs Burns .... Brain, diseases of Chicken-pox . Consumption . Child- bed . . . Convulsions . Croup .... Cancer .... Canker .... kt rash . Cholera morbus . " infantum Dropsy " of brain . Delirium tremens Debility . . . Drowned . Decline Dropsy in chest . '• " heart . Diarrhea . Dysentery . Dyspepsia . Diabetes Erysipelas . Fevers, unknown nervous . ' ' intermitted " inflammatory 1 ' rheumatic " lung . . " bilious { ; scarlet . " typhus " brain . Fracture of skull Gravel .... Glands, disease of Gout .... Hooping cough . Heart disease . Hanged 19 31 1 1 3 4 11 3 8 11 1 233 23 42 28 6 i 23 35 68 5 11 17 12 6 9 6 32 3 1 3 6 3 2 1 7 81 7 16 47 17 1 2 1 1 17 13 2 Hives 3 Hip, disease of ... I Infantile diseases . . .176 Insanity 4 Intemperance 41 Inflammation .... of lungs . " bowels lt throat . ' ' brain . " bladder 1 18 3-i 1 5 1 2 1 1 13 Influenza Jaundice Kidney, disease of . Liver " « . . Lock jaw 2 Measles 31 Murdered 3 Marasmus 11 Mortification Old age Pleurisv Palsy . . Piles . . . . 6 . . 82 . . 14 . . 11 . . 1 Quinsy 5 Rash 1 Rupture of vessel ... 1 Scald 2 Spasms 8 Spine, disease of 4 Still born 122 Scrofula 9 Sudden 12 Suicide 13 Small pox 5 Stricture 1 Stone 1 Suffocation 2 Stomach, disease of . . 3 Teething 45 . . 1 . . 11 . . 1 . . 1 . . 85 . . 7 . . 1 . . 1 Tumor .... Throat distemper Uterus, disease of Ulcer .... Unknown diseases Worms .... Wounds White swelling . Total 1,770 54 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. eo "># _ Tt* t^ _ CO "* eo — . OS o CO •SI13J0X CD CO *<* >o "# CO -T 1 o C5 ■^r i« ■«* 00 « I ^ O o o CO o O i-H o o o o CO UO M . « 1 M i— i o 1— ( ^ o 00 o 1— I ^H 1— I ^H o -mis 1—1 fa CO o o CO o 1-1 o 1— 1 CO o o o C35 s O -H o o o o o o o o o o 1— 1 d © 00 fa CO o CO ■- 1 "* GO 1—1 H 1—1 o CO CO 00 i-H s y-i 1—1 CO 1—1 1— I CO 1—1 rH o i-H o 1— 1 CO 1—1 d 00 d fa 00 1—1 CO CO CO CO o CO CO CO CO CO eo S «* o ■^ CO 1—1 CO i-H o CO i-H ■- 1 CO CO CO d fa o CO CO CO CO o o rh CO CO ^ ■* iO • CO CO CO "* CO CO 30 00 -# CO UO CO eo § s eo d CO o fa ■<* OS 1—1 ^* K0 ■^ TO CO CO CO CO CO CO s CO KO CO co 00 »o CO CO t> CO CO co "0 d «9 . 00 t- OS OS o ~* -"CH t>. CO CO ■* CO o fa CO • 35 co i—l t» «o K3 ><0 eo NO CO t>- CO 1—1 Tj< S i— I i-H 00 1 co I> o T* «o t~ t^ CO OS co 00 i-H t- d fa 1—1 * co ■<* . 00 00 o C~ OS 00 O 1— I 00 00 l>1 t> — H °> S — H i—i i-H o 1-1 1- Oi 00 1— 1 CO 00 o OS CO o ■5T L^ X o eo i fa 1-1 "- 1 1-1 ""' 1—1 1—1 T— 1 . co t^ iO 00 00 ,— | CO CO CO CO c^ CO 00 09 s 1—1 1—1 ^H 1—1 1-1 o 1—1 d °? fa "* CO TjH ■* 00 CO iO 00 1—1 X) CJS o 3 r o CO CO CO CO CO o CO CO eo co eo eo s eo fa- CO o CO CO 1—1 i—l co o eo 1—1 »o 1—1 -<* o i-i CO s' CO CO CO co CO -* ■<* CO "* T* ^ 1—1 3 . 00 i—i co «o CO CO o o CO C5 00 o ^ . fa ^H i—i 00 CQ , 00 o CO 00 CO eo iO 00 1—1 o o CO OS s 1— 1 1— 1 t~ 00 00 o CO CO CO 00 o -* OS T— 1 OS CO fa CO 1— I 1-1 o i-H s t- "* co CO i— 1 50 CO u0 I— 1 00 1— 1 t^ 00 OJ 00 1— < CO co CO 00 CM CO en 1— i CO o 00 TT fa ^H ■"* '"" , T—i i-H rH CO CO ^H T—( CO a >> 00 eo ■«* t~- C5 fr- o o CO 1— 1 o eo ^H so CO CO 1-1 1-1 1-1 OS 1 t^ CO 00 Sh i_ ^ T— 1 >> ^a cu V >> ^, ^2 ^J e3 a 03 1-5 si Xi p (=5 CO bD s < 2 s o o o g > o a o Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 55 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1837. Accidental Abscess " in brain . " " pleura " " lumbar Aneurism . Angina pectoris Apoplexy . Asthma Braiu, diseases of Burns . Cachexy Cancer . Catarrh Child-bed . . Cholera " infantum Colic Consumption . Convulsions . Croup . Delirium tremens Diabetes . Diarrhea . Diseases unknown Dropsy . l * in head " " chest " " abdomen Drowned . Dysentery . " acute Dyspepsy . . Erysipelas . Feebleness at birth Fever, intermittent " inflammatory " typhus ' ' gastric " puerperal Gangrene . Haemorrhage . " from lungs " " uterus Heart, diseases of Hernia 13 3 1 1 2 3 1 31 2 15 12 15 14 1 18 10 70 10 212 52 44 11 2 11 269 42 59 9 2 23 33 1 1 6 1 3 31 62 3 I 11 3 3 1 24 1 Hooping cough . Infantile diseases Inflammation . • " of brain . " tk heart . " " pericardii! r " " larynx . " " lungs . " " pleura . •' " peritonium '* " stomach " " bowels " " liver " " kidney " kt bladder " " uterus Influenza . Intoxication . Jaundice . Marasmus . Neuralgia . Old age Palsy . . . Rheumatism . Scarletina . Scirrhous of the stomach Measles Scrofula Small pox . Sore throat ' ' ulcerated Spine, disease of Still born . . Suicide . . . Syphilis Teething . . Tumor of brain "■ " glands " " ovarium " " lungs . Ulcer .... Uterus, rupture of Worms .... Wounds 19 59 4 23 2 2 3 114 18 1 4 41 8 1 1 2 15 17 1 17 4 69 13 3 39 1 23 13 13 10 1 9 100 10 4 22 2 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 Total 1,843 56 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. * i— i iO CD CO GO >o as CO l-H o o as ■># •sitJjox ** l> lO CD CO CM ■<# o as GO ^* o as •uiog ** GM O CD o CO as o iO GM CO l> y-( -ims 1-1 i— I i—i 1-1 1— 1 ^ - rt GM a fa o rH O o o o o GM o rH l-H o UO S 1-1 o o rt o o 7-1 i—i ^ l-H GM o X §i fa CM o 1— 1 o o o o o l-H O - 1 o iO s O o o o o o © o o o O o o © OS 6 00 fa rH £S rH c^ rH rn CM rH CD rH co CO rH >o iO d fa T— ( C~ rH iO co ~ rH CO as CO CO CO as rH • CO o *o kO iO rH CO CO o t» OS co CO ^ fe 1 l-H CD d fa CO o rH CO GO rH l-H co r* o r-- l-H i— i 1—1 I-H i— 1 1— ■ i-H as • CO CO OS o CO 1— 1 l-H ** CO CO t>. CM CO S i-H as l-H l-H as as o OS o 1—1 CO as CO l> i-H co CO rH o fa I—I 1—1 i-H l-H l-H i-H l-H CO d *"H o c~ o iO rt< l^ CO as as rH CO l-H GM « s i— i 1—1 1—1 1—1 O i-H CO i-H o> CM o CO uO GM CO "* CO ** o fa I— 1 1— 1 'O 09 (N CM I— ( rH o o CO GM CO l-H CO CO ■<* t-4 s GM d 1 fa CM CO GM CM CO ■""' o GM CO uO CO GM CO GM S rH rH rH rH CM CO CO rH rH 1-1 "# CO O rH *C o ^H GO o co i-H t> CD o "* o GO fa 1— 1 1—1 l-H ^H I -1 OS ua est O as 1— 1 CO t^ o as CO kO GO l> ■^ GM s i— 1 1— 1 1—1 ^ "^ r^ o GM o as 1—1 L^ as »o *o tJ< o OS rH ei fa 1—1 rt '-' *"' GM y^ ^ CO i-H ■<* rn CO l> o CM CO CO CO CO o co KO 3 1— 1 '""' 1— I l-H """ GM CM GM CO I> CO CO 1— ( GM CM GM ^* t^ a: CO »(3 fa i— I 1—1 1— 1 1— 1 '-' CM GM ^ o fl!>> . rn »o iO o rH CO •o as O !>• GM rH GM t^rH S <— i CM * H CM '- , 1—1 rH co CO ^ GM 1—i CO GM QO CO at r» D P t-8 03 -a o FH oS < •-5 3 +3 CO be ■3 CD rO a CD +3 o CD U CD r= o o O 3 o CD rO g CD O CD P ^ ! Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 57 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1838. Accidental Abscess . . Apoplexy . Asthma Brain, diseases of Burns .... Cachexy . Cancer .... " of uterus . " " breast . Catarrh Child-bed . . . Cholera morbus . Cholera infantum Colic .... Consumption . Convulsions . Croup .... Delirium tremens Diabetes . Diseases unknown Drowned . Drinking cold water Dropsy " of head . " " heart . " " chest . " " abdomen " " ovarium Dysentery . Erysipelas Epilepsy . Feebleness at birth Fevers, unknown " inflamitary " typhus 1 ' gastric . " puerperal Fracture ... Gangrene . Gout .... Haemorrhage . " of stomach " '• lungs " " uterus Heart, diseases of . 16 5 19 2 20 19 10 7 3 1 1 19 9 52 2 256 60 44 10 1 182 19 3 22 67 5 5 2 1 65 17 2 5 3 1 42 6 8 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 23 Hernia 3 Hip, disease of . 5 Hooping cough 28 Infantile diseases . 112 Inflammation . . 28 " of brain . 25 U U pericar- dium 3 " " larynx 1 " " lungs . . 113 " 1 oleura 10 " ^ stomach 4 " " bowels . 54 " 1 iver . 5 " " bladder 1 Influenza . 2 Intoxication . 24 Introsusceptio i] 1 Jaundice . 4 Lightning . 1 Marasmus . 44 Malformation 1 Measles 20 Old age . 65 Poison . 4 Palsy . . 7 Rheumatism 6 Scarletina . 91 Scirrhus 5 Scald . 1 Scrofula 5 Small-pox . 3 Sore throat 15 Spine disease 3 Still born . 121 Suicide . . 8 Sudden . 13 Syphilis 2 Teething . 30 Tumor . 3 Ulcer of stomach 1 " " uterus 1 Worms 3 Wounds Total . . 1,920 58 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. i-h OS 00 Tj< 35 co 00 t^ CO t>. CM o eo •SJBJ0X »c *o CO x* CM CM x*l l-~ 00 00 -* *o co X i— i •luog t>. os 00 cc O (M CO O as o OS CO i—i -iros CM 1— I i— 1 a fa | o T-H o o o o O o 1—1 — o o CO s i o CM 1— 1 1—1 CO o o 1— t 1—1 CM o o 3 A® fa o ~ o 1-1 o o o o 1—1 "- 1 o ° CO »S s | o o o o o o o o o o o ° o d OS fa 1 o CM CM CO 1—1 t— I eo ^ eo eo 1— 1 ° o CM 6 00 s 1 o o CM o o o " 1— 1 M o o CM t^ d ao d fa 1 eo © CM CM CM CM — CM UO o CM CM eo s 1 1—1 I— 1 1-1 -M CM 1— 1 i-H " ^* i-H 1— 1 CM CO o d CD fa 1 ■>* CO CO i—l CO ■^ CO "* (M 1—1 tH * co CO s 1 CM "* »o L~ eo 1-i cm -* CM CM ■— i ^ 1 co d 09 fa 1 CQ eo CO id i—i "* CO co CM CM iO -* 1 o . * 1 i— 1 no CO CO i-H CM CM i—i Oi •* -* i-H co •O A 1 -H X* o i fe co •* uO — ■ t- co 00 iO os 00 CO O 5 s "0 t~ X* o ^ »o 00 OS T(H OS os OS s d T d eo fa 00 co 00 ^ CO co "* CO co o eo OS g . O "* 7— 1 00 co CO co l> 00 t^ CO 1— 1 CM S 1—1 1—1 1— t 1— 1 o . 1 OS uO CM OS o o 00 00 co o co CO _ fa 1 1— 1 i—i 1-H CM ^H I-I CO o CQ 1—1 te4 1 c© 00 00 '- iO CO 00 CO co ^-, 00 t- I-I *=* 1 i-H CO . | CO ** "* co co t^ <* CO ■* iO l> eo CO d fa iO CQ d . o CM "* ,—1 o i—l co CM CM ■* CO CM O Tji fa ^H ^ i-H . 1 t^ ■"* iO 1- CM * O CO s 10 . co CO CM o i-H OS OS CO os iO o CO CO fa I-H — h i-H i— t ^H o CQ 1—1 . co 1—1 i—l •^ i—l i> ,-h OS OS CM CM uO 00 s 1—1 1— ( i— i 1— 1 ^H i-H 1-1 i-H , CM - co 00 Os CM o CO CO CO fa i— ( i—l 1— 1 CM 1—t o CQ i-i . o CO t~ "tf t- CO OS 1—1 CO eo OS O L^ a ^H 1—1 ^H i-H o 1—t . i o t~ l-~ co co c^ 00 00 >o _ os CM co I* fa ^H r " 1 ^H ^ " H ^H r* CO . CO CO CM •o CO OS CO _ •-= T— 1 iO O ■ ~ s — * — H ^H i-H i-H eo CM ^H ^H ^H L^ I-H 05 00 GO 1"H >> a , ^2 — S 1-5 S3 keH CS CJ 1-5 CO s 3 s -4-3 Cl, > o a a Q Death Eeturns from 1810 to 1850. 59 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1839. Apoplexy . . . . 20 Fracture of skull 1 Accidental 16 Gravel 1 Abscess . 4 Hooping-cough . 34 " of liver . 1 Heart, diseases of . 29 " " brain 1 Hives 1 " " lumbar . 1 Haemorrhage . 5 Asthma . 8 Inflammation 1 Bowels, disease of . 12 " of lungs . 18 Burns 11 kt " bowels 50 Brain, diseases . 6 " throat . 1 Bleeding at lungs 3 " " brain . 11 Chicken pox . -> " " stomacl i . 11 Consumption . 222 " " larynx. 1 Catarrh . 1 Introsusception . I Child-bed . . . . 17 Infantile diseases 88 Colic 5 Insanity 3 Convulsions . 37 Intemperance . 30 Croup 46 Jaundice . 3 Cancer . 7 Liver, disease of . 8 " of breast . 1 Lock-jaw . 1 Canker .... 7 Measles 3 11 rash 4 Murdered . 1 Cholera morbus . 6 Marasmus . 20 " infantum 36 Mortification . 1 Dropsy .... 28 Old age . . . 53 lt of chest . 3 Pleurisy 2 " " brain . 56 Palsy .... 14 Delirium tremens 8 Poison by paint . 1 Debility . . . 11 Quinsy .... 3 Drowned . 30 Ruptured vessel . 1 Decline 14 Scalded 4 Dyspepsia . 1 Spasms 5 Diarrhea . 7 Spine diseases 5 Dysentery . 30 Still born . . . . 141 Epilepsy 2 Syphilis 1 Erysipelas . 8 Scrofula 7 Fevers, unknown 3 Sudden . 10 ' * puerperal 1 Suicide .... . 10 " nervous . 1 Small-pox . . 58 ' ' intermittent 1 Teething . . . . 29 " inflammatory 3 Tumor .... 5 " rheumatic 4 Throat distemper 6 "• lung . . 82 Uterus, diseases of 1 " bilious 6 Unknown diseases . 129 " scarlet 212 Worms .... 9 " brain . 1 ' typhus . . 10 46 White swelling . 4 Fracture of leg . 1 1,863 60 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. X >- "* CO o as "* l^. co eo 00 co CO ■sinoi OO eo CO CO ■"3" i eo co CO CO CO ■* CO CO as i-H •tuoa eo o so l- o »# "* 1— 1 t> as o r— -nns <-H "" " " — '~ l *^ rH rt rt 1-H CO 1-H 9 fa o o o co o o o o o o o - CO E CO - 1 o o ° — ' o o o •- 1 i-H ° ^ i © fa o o 1—1 o o o o o o o rt - 1 eo S2 IS o o 1— I o o o o o - 1-1 o ° 1 CO © OS 6 fa CO CM CO CO rt o 1—1 CO o o eo IO 00 — • o CO o o CO CO o Tj- 1-H o CO o oo S i-H d op d fa CO 50 1-1 -* rt ~ — CO CO CO "St" CO 1^. CO S CO CO "* GO rH CO "* H CO l-H o eo CO t- co d fa ■* CO »o CO '-' co iO CO o CO t - 2 co s >o "<* eo CO CO CO eo CO o CO CO <* «* eo CO d d fa* ^ iO CO >o co ^ CO 00 -*H tH CO o^ • »o 00 i~ HO co CO iO ** CO 00 t^ -* as fes I— 1 co • >o uo CO CO CO co CO o ** CO CO co d fa «5 • CO eo as co 00 -* CO co *a iO co 00 z? s 1—1 « ,_ c~ o t- 1—1 CO as CO i—i b- as L>- -* d fa T— 1 rt •- 1 ^ 1— 1 ^ ^i o • ^ 1 t> as o as ^H ~^ CO »o o i — i OO o s CO 1-H i-H — h 1—1 ^^ co o r _ l — U0 eo T+l as l^ eo o CO L^ co o eo d fa 1— I "-' 1-1 T—< 1— ( '"" ' i-H • I> — 5 co co l^ t- t>- 1— I •o CO «> CO « S 1—1 as . 00 "* -* CO CO Tfl •>* CO CO CO CO » » o d fa iO s CO >o , ~ l as ">* o CO »o eo CO 00 ^ 5 d i-i fa "* CO CO -* -* CO CO CO CO o as o eo s CO CO CO i—i t^ CO o co o co CO o CO eo o o eo "- 1 co *n 00 ** CO o ^ s fa est co o o oo O l> co 1—1 00 CO »o "> 7* s 1-1 r " ' 1— 1 as 00 1—1 00 co as o 1— I co CO o ■>* L» 00 « fa 1—1 1-1 CO CO ^H GO eo 00 "* t- -* co 00 co 1-H o t^ i-H iO " |H CO eo i-H -H -1 as CO CO t- 1—1 iO ■^ as o *—< co co a* fa J '"*' T— I 1-1 *-■ eo GO i-H i-H -^ _l o as 1-- CO as CO as i-H CO tH Kh s 1— 1 GO CO 1— 1 CO i— i CO 1—1 CO 1—1 CO © ■** Eh 00 >> >> . OJ ^2 s a oS (V -a < cS 1-3 w < ■*-> o o o > o to s o 03 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 61 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1840. Apoplexy . Accidental • • . 26 . 27 Abscess 2 Asthma 4 Bowels, disease of . 26 Burns .... . 13 Brain, disease of . 15 Consumption . . 240 Child-bed . . . . 22 Colic .... 2 Convulsions . . 58 Croup .... . 38 Cancer . 14 " of breast . 3 Canker .... . 16 '• rash . 1 Cholera morbus . . 8 " infantum . 47 Coxalgia . 2 Dropsy Drinking cold watei i* . 38 2 Dropsy of chest . 6 k ' " brain . 56 Delirium tremens 11 Debility Drowned . 15 20 Decline 3 Dyspepsia . Diarrhea . 2 12 Dysentery 58 1 9 Erysipelas Fevers, unknown 4 " nervous . 2 " inflammatory Q o " rheumatic 6 " lung . 107 ' ' bilious 1 " scarlet 57 " brain . 18 " typhus 69 1 70 Hooping cougl l . Heart, disease of ... 15 Hives l Haemorrhage 6 Inflammation of lungs . . 28 k ' lC bowels . 40 "■ " brain . . 13 " k ' stomach . 2 " " larynx . 2 Infantile diseases . . .116 Insanity 1 Intemperance 35 Jaundice 5 Liver, disease of ... 11 Lock-jaw 3 Kidney, disease of . 1 Marasmus 20 Mortification 4 Old age 64 Pleurisy 7 Palsy 13 Poison 6 Quinsy 5 Rupture of vessel ... 3 Spasms 2 Measles 1 Spine, disease of 1 Still born 131 Syphilis 1 Scrofula 7 Scurvy 2 Suicide 11 Small pox 115 Teething 33 Tumor 8 Throat distemper ... 2 Uterus, disease of . . . 2 Unknown diseases ... 86 Ulcers 3 Worms 5 Total 1,972 62 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. CO O o. rH tH o — T- X X CO CD t^ — •si*ac>i CO CO cc X co OS X "* L^ OS — ~ccP •uioh tH CO o CO T-I >o "O CO — CO CO as -ims 1—1 CO a fa o O c o o o o o o o o ° 1 o -a a s '-' o o o 1-1 CO CO 1— ( CO o o ° 1 as fa 1— 1 1—1 o o o o o 1— 1 o o o - 1 -* s o o o o CO o o o = o o ° 1 GO d d fa 1 1— 1 o CO GO CO CO rH o tH rH o ~ 1 CD 1— 1 s T— 1 CO o r- 1 CO o o o o T-| CO CD l^ 00 — © 00 fa 50 1-1 CO CO CO CO CO CO "* iO vO CO OS CO S CO CO 1-^ T— | T— CO — CO T-| CO CO CO CO t- CO d d fa -* — o 1-1 *tf "* CO •a CO co ■«* l ^ CD 8 CO -* o CO c^ CO CO 1— 1 CO Tt< CO -* CO CO CO d d fa ■* CO *o CO ■>* CO CO as CO CO ^ CO CO • CO CO "* 00 CO CO o 1— 1 CO CD -* CO — 1 irs £4 -* d fa X "* CO "* ■* CO CO CO X CO »o ° d • CO CO CO GO CO >c: " CD l> ^ o CO CO «< 1—1 — i-H 1—1 OS d fa CO as co as 30 TJH -o t- co CD * ^ l ol © CO i— *0 i—i co o rH OS t- o X — 30 oo i e — 1— 1 1—1 1— 1 1—1 ■os . 1 X o 00 CO CO o »o 1— 1 X o CO iO CO o CO fa 1-1 '-* 1-1 " H T-* rt " n d 09 a co co CO L-O X co l> t> OS © 1—1 >o * d est d fa* T*H CO CO co CO ■"* o *- H CO X CO CO co . CO CO CO »c -* CO CO CO 1—1 ** ^ CO -* s CO -* CO TH CO o T-| T-| ** T-I 1—1 ■^ iO co d t-i fa Ol GO T— 1 "* CO ■* CO CO CO CO CO "* »o o s ^ e •* CO H o X 35 co OS "O CD CO t» - fa — ^^ 1-H rH o est 1—1 tH CO CJ5 OS OS t> CO o t^ uO X as as s 7-1 TH - 3 t> t^ ** x CD CO X X as 1— 1 co "* o fa r^ 1— 1 T— 1 1— 1 1— 1 — CO 09 1—1 -* cr CO t>. co as o CO i— I OS o o o s rH * H "~ CO CO ^^ ^ 1*1 1—1 CO r- 1 t> (35 CO OS o CO as GO CO X o ss fa i— l " rH r* 1 CO *~* "* o 5^ CO -* T T _l CO T-| CO CO 1—1 —1 »o o CO co CO CO 1— 1 1— 1 CO 1— 1 ** 00 — i. T» - 03 P a 03 1-3 >> c3 s Q T>> 0) 3 T^ 1-5 4J CO 3 <4 a 0) Oh *— o o s cu o cu Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 63 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1841. Apoplexy . Accidental Abscess Brain, disease of Bronchitis Bleeding at lung Burns . Consumption . Child-bed . . Colic, bilious . Convulsions . Croup . Cancer . Catarrh Canker . Cholera morbus " infantum Dropsy " of brain Delirium tremens Debility . . Drowned . Dropsy of chest Dropsy of heart Diarrhea . Dysentery Dyspepsia . Diabetes . Erysipelas . Fevers, unknown " inflammatory kt rheumatic " lung . " bilious " scarlet " typhus " brain . Fracture of thigh " " knee Gout .... Hooping cough Heart, disease of 11 14 3 8 16 6 5 256 20 1 61 61 11 1 18 5 24 39 53 5 30 15 2 4 21 54 2 1 5 13 28 4 84 5 87 45 7 1 1 1 37 28 Hip, disease of . Jaundice . Influenza . Infantile diseases 2 1 2 108 Insanity 2 Intemperance 24 Inflammation 1 22 83 3 11 of lungs . "■ bowels . " l ' throat . " " brain . " bladder 1 " " stomach . 3 Kidney, disease of . 1 Liver, " vi . . . 11 Letharg}- 1 Measles 87 Murdered 1 Marasmus 26 Mortification 3 Old age 55 Pleurisy 7 Palsy 12 Quinsy 3 Rupture of blood vessel . 1 Scalds 2 Spasms 3 Spine, disease of 5 Still-born 136 Scrofula 12 Sudden 10 Suicide 9 Small-pox 57 Teething Tumor Throat distemper Ulcers .... Unknown diseases Worms .... 32 11 2 2 69 Total 1.919 64 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. OS to co CD Oq CM t~ Ol os CD rjH 1 «© •siinox — © © CO i— 1 L^ OS CO — H O L^ CO Ol IM 1 :~ d fa co co o o o OS o t> rH *o rH CO ■^ m ■<* rti rH 1 °o io 1 S 1 d fa CD co •O CO CO CM CM -* CD O CO 1—1 1—1 I iO 1 • © '- 00 OS UO O OS CO © -* !>• CO 1 r - * 1— 1 1--1 1—1 -" 1 os © - 00 CD t- 1>. 1—1 CO 1 CO o fa 1-1 ■""' 1-1 ^ *"• 1 -H CO 1— , OS os 1— I tr» OS cs ^ OS CO — 1 ° w s 1—1 1— 1 1-1 1—1 1 —1 1 -H fa rH rH >o t» © CO t> Tfl CO iO uO CO IS s *c rH CD iO rr 1— 1 CO iO CM "* 1-1 IS . • >o CO CO H CO CD rH CM ■* CO CO L^ I *3 © i-H fa 1—1 1 CO • co t~- iO rH CO t~ 00 ■^i ■* "tfl >o (M | ■o 00 CO 10 00 T(1 CO t^ fa 1—1 i— I (N ■— < 1—1 CO «s l-H . i . r-H T-l »o C~ OS CD GM CO 1—1 CO i-H co 10 t=.- a -m CO' 1-1 1-1 *~ i— 1 CO CO CO *"* (N ^ CO Ol «N r* GO — ■_, i— s a 55 "3 —. >~> 03 >> GQ 5c g S 0) a 03 a 03 03 fa: < S3 >S (-3 ^ CO O 0) Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 65 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1842. Apoplexy . Accidental Abscess Bowels, disease of Burns .... Brain, disease of Bleeding at lungs Chicken-pox . Consumption . Childbed . . Convulsions . Croup . Cancer . Canker " rash Cholera morbus " infantum Dropsy . " of brain Delirium tremens Debility . . Drowned . Decline Drinking cold water Dropsy on chest Diarrhoea . Dysentery . Dyspepsia Erysipelas Epilepsy . . Fever, unknown " nervous " intermittent " rheumatic " lung " bilious " scarlet " typhus " brain . " inflammatory Gravel .... Hooping-cough . Heart, disease of 26 24 4 30 11 17 2 2 307 48 7 55 10 15 9 9 34 42 74 5 39 28 8 3 10 20 17 2 31 2 7 1 2 5 139 7 248 65 11 2 3 23 42 - Hip, disease of . . . Infantile diseases Insanity Intemperance Inflammation " of lungs . " " bowels k- " brain . " " throat . '' " stomach Influenzy Jaundice Kidney, disease of . Knee, " " . . Liver, " " . . Measles Marasmus Mortification .... Old age Pleurisy Palsy Purpura hemorrhagica . Quinsy Rupture of blood-vessel Scald Spasms Spine, disease of Stillborn Scrofula Sudden Suicide Small-pox Stomach, disease of Teething Tic doloreau .... Tumor Throat distemper Uterus, disease of . Ulcer Unknown Worms 1 52 3 34 4 42 61 13 8 1 3 4 1 1 16 23 43 7 64 17 20 1 1 51 2 42 3 66 15 15 5 40 8 54 1 12 16 1 7 63 5 Total 2,426 66 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. CM SO l> co CO X ■* ■<* OS -M -f CO t> •spnoi CO i-O. CO —■' o "* ■os CO CM CM X cs X OS CM •nioq uo CO eo CO 50 uO t> OS l> •- 1 t> iO os X -ims a 1 fa o o O t-> — «-" O C o O o o eo S3 1 S o ° o O o CM o o o o o o CM is fa rH ^ o ~ o ,_H ' o o 1—1 o o o ■^ S o o CM © - 1 O o o o o o o CO d 05 fa - 1 o eo CO o CO T ~' o CO — *-* eo CM o 00 s "- 1 o o ° CM o eo o o CM o CO i—l d 00 fa o OS •o "<* eo -* t- o ~ CO "O ^H • r _l CO co CO CO CM ,-H o co "* o "O CM S CO o 1^ fa "<* rt CO GO CO CO "* I— 1 CO CM CO eo 71 c- s ^H "<* CO "* CO ■*H "* iC CM i—l ■^ L^ co CD "<* d co d . KO co CO CO co OS CM CM CO CO CM eo eo fa 1—1 CO s — eo iO GO uO ~* CO T* UO "* »o CM CO >o ^ • . , 00 i—i 1—1 CO CM t- O CM -* l> o «o co "* fa 1— 1 tH CO • I— «o CO t> '- CM -* ,— | X CO »c "O X 5 — —i i—l X fa CO CO CO "* ,-H o X t~ OS ^H ,— 1 ,— i os o 1— 1 — —i os CO O t~ CO OS CO 1—1 CO iO OS X X ■_: ro s 1-1 7—1 o o os t> CO CM o >o t> o os eo CM -M o eo fa 1—1 1-1 ' H rt 1-1 ,_l 1-1 i— i i— 1 ^H ** CO •o b- X' X o o o os CM co o « s 1—1 1—1 1— 1 i—i os >o CO MO •<* o IT- CO CM tH «o X OS OS d fa CO 0* d r _( o CO CM CO os -* "* "* CO CO 1— 1 1— 1 iH s ^* . . • GO -* eo ^ CM ,— 1 CM CO CO CM ■* CM TO o U-' eo i • eo CO CO CM -CH CO •o eo CO CM o -* O ■o S 1— 1 •o "* CO cs t> X eo co os X CO o "* © fa ■-H " — 1 OS US . CO CO o CM iO "O X CO CO X CO o -* s i—i 1—1 1— 1 1-1 ^H o co t> o ■^ "* o OS o CO iO OS I— ( CO ej fa rt CM CM 1-1 1-1 o OS co CM X CO >o eo X iO o X f>- 1 s I— 1 1-1 1-1 CM ^ ^H CM o eo UO OS "* o o X >o X ^ CO ■* HU fa IN ^H 1—1 CM CO CM T— I GM a> c3 GO 5i»> , eo ,-H OS l^ QS co *-H iO "* o •>* •H UO &^ s T^ r^ rt CM •<# •^ CM 1—1 * S*J m s be 3 CO .a 0) ^2 s B a 08 ►o co O a ^ CJ a B •-3 >> ^ fa 03 cu O -t-3 o O CP > O a CO o CO Q Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 67 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1843. Asthma 3 Accidental . . 11 Apoplexy . . . 16 Abscess 4 •' of brain . 1 Angina pectoris . 1 Bronchitis . 6 Bowels, diseases of 65 Brain, " " 20 Burns .... 8 Chicken-pox . 2 Consumption . 249 Child-bed diseases 42 Convulsions . 50 Croup .... 52 Colic .... 1 " bilious . 4 Canker .... . 23 Cancer .... . 11 " of uterus . 9 " " stomach 1 Cholera infantum 55 " morbus . 2 Debility . . . 36 Diseases unknown 46 Drowned . 26 Delirium tremens 2 Dropsy .... 35 k ' of brain , 85 " " chest . 1 Dysentery . 31 Epilepsy . 2 Erysipelas . 27 Fevers, unknown 3 ' ' typhus . 72 ' ' bilious 4 " brain . 10 " nervous . 2 " lung . 108 ' ' scarlet 42 " rheumatic 6 " inflamrnaton 7 1 Gravel .... 1 Hooping cough . 54 Heart, diseases of . 34 Hemorrhage . 14 Hernia .... 3 Hip, disease of . 4 Inflammation of lungs . . 59 " bowels . 47 " throat . . 4 " " stomach . 5 " " brain . . 9 " lt liver . . 1 Intemperance 21 Influenza 22 Insanity 4 Inanition 1 Intus-susception .... 1 Infantile diseases . . . 142 Jaundice 1 Kidney, disease of . . . 2 Liver, " " . .17 Lock-jaw 1 Marasmus 58 Measles 43 Mortification 2 Neuralgia 1 Old age 75 Purpura hemorrhagica . . 1 Palsy 19 Pleurisy 20 Poison 1 Quinsy 4 Rheumatism 2 Rickets 2 Suffocation 4 Scald 1 Scrofula 14 Spasms 8 Still-born 189 Spine, disease of 6 Small-pox 53 Syphilis 3 Suicide 7 Sudden 11 Scirrhous of stomach . . 1 Throat distemper ... 8 Teething 27 Tumor 14 Ulcers 3 Uterus, diseases of . . . 1 Worms 4 Total 2,197 68 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. to 00 iO H (N os CO CM tc CO' © ~ •siTnox CO CO CO X co l> CO CM co CM OS i- © CM 1 CM •uioa i^. CM T-H © CO T-H CO © >o •* © t^ l> -row *"* * H 1—1 ^^ CM CM '-' l-H '""' '" , ^™ co a &! o o o o o © © © © © © © c M a s o o o ° o © © © © © © 1-1 — ' r><= fa o o o l-H o © © ^ © © © ^ CO •a s o o o o © — ' © © © T-H © © CM d OS fa id CO CM CM CM •^ "- 1 '"' CM 1-1 © CO CO CM • 1— I o _t ,-H CM i—i © T-H CO T-H T-H i-H co 00 I 1 -H d 00 fa CO CO X o t> CM o ■<* T-H "* lO ** ■-- ° so o T— 1 CO T-H l-H © l-H © CO — ^ © CM d fa w co CO CO CM CO o CO »o CO t> rt CM s GO CM CO o >o CO CM o CM CM "* CO T*l co ■^ d CO fa "<* CO CM CM ** CO >o ■<* CO co CO © •H" • 1-H «o o >o "?H o uO CM CO © CO o © § ■^ d fa- « ■rH re »o © CM -* © CM IO CO © s' t~ CO ■<* CO CO CO © © CO !>• iO CO CO ^ i-H l^ CM CO © CO CO © OS "<* CO O o © 1-H o fa 1-H t-H © © T* O •sfl l> o t^ © t^ © CO 1-H iO ^H CO s *"" ' T ~ l l-H CO o "<*1 o © CO CO CO "* © © o © >o o w fa T-H rH © _i •* — cs ^H »o CO © © c © © CM s l-H t-h rH l-H l-H '""' 1—1 ^^ d *tf ■^ © CO Tf CO CM ■^ CM ^H i-H CO © © CO CM © © S s T-H ■-* 1 • •N co CM CO o ■o CM ^ rH »o CM r— ^ O »JH -f lO M ^ »o •«* -CH TH rt co CO ■>* CM t^ C^l CO _ o CM "O CO co co © © ** T— 1 CM — fa T-H T-H i-H i— i CO IO *"' CM CO co as CO rH CO t^ l>- © IO l-H CO s rH 1—1 1-1 CM l-H l-H T— 1 i-H T-H >o 1-H -* (M CO o CO l-H CM T-H © l-H 1-H t^ — H fa rH — t-H 1-1 CM CM ^ "^ T « . •>* l» CO o cs CO r-l © T-H l-H "* © © * -H l-H 1-1 1—1 CO *^ ^~ ■* . _, CO CO cs CM ">* "* © t> T-H CM i-H © s* fa t-H H rt T-1 1-1 CM CM 1-1 ^* CM CO . © t- r—! CO '.- T-H »o CM t^ T-H © © © P.H * r-i T-H 1—1 1-1 *-* ""■ CM CO CM CM ^^ rt © CM HH ~+ 00 !h f_ i-H >~> 0J a > o 0) a CS .a c5 «< CJ -4-3 5b < s » h fa § 03 •< s a X? S 3 1-3 Ha 3 3 ■p o <5 CC O o o 0) - Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 71 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 184"). of Abscess Accidental Apoplexy . Asthma . ... Bladder, disease of Blood-vessel, ruptur Bowels, disease of Brain, diseases of Bronchitis . Burns .... Cancer .... k ' of breast . " " eye Canker .... Childbed, diseases Cholera infantum ' ' morbus . Colic, bilious . Consumption . Convulsions . Croup .... Debility . . . Delirium Delirium tremens Diabetes . Diarrhoea . Disease unknown Dropsy .... " on brain . " " chest . Drowned . Dysentery . Dyspepsia . Epilepsy . Erysipelas . Fever, intermittent " bilious " brain . " inflammatory e of lung- rheumatic scarlet slow typhus unknown . 6 53 21 3 1 2 123 11 2 1 13 1 1 31 37 49 11 1 426 48 81 22 6 4 3 7 24 48 115 4 19 13 1 4 14 4 6 17 1 135 7 152 1 97 3 Fractures 2 Gravel 3 Hemorrhage 6 Heart, disease of ... 33 Hernia 2 Hooping-cough .... 63 Infantile diseases . . .152 Inflammation of bowels . 54 " " brain . . 14 " " lungs . . 32 " " stomach . 11 " " throat . . 1 Influenza 3 Insanity 1 Intemperance . . . . 15 Jaundice 7 Kidney, diseases of . . . 4 Liver, " " . . 17 Lock-jaw 1 Marasmus 33 Measles 8 Mortification 3 Murdered 1 Old age 65 Paralysis 25 Pleurisy 8 Quinsy 2 Rheumatism 1 Scald 2 Scrofula 12 Small-pox 31 Spine, disease of ... 2 Stillborn 245 Sudden 15 Suffocation 1 Suicide 6 Syphilis 5 Teething 49 Throat distemper ... 8 Tumor 6 Ulcers 1 Worms 6 Total 2,585 72 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. co © co co -* :- -M CO so CN t-H X OS •SIB^OI — — ■* L^. ■- •o <* co CO CO © X CN ri -M CN --; CN CO "* cc ■N CN T-H CO ■* 1 CO 1 CO o 00 s 1 CN UO ■* (N © ■M c^ CO CO - 1 CN —*. 1 O . • i CN ■^ CO - CO -* CO CO •^ © -* "* 1 ~~ s :- d r- o fa • CO O rf< CO -tf t-H t^ -N "* CO •* CO 1 5M 1 »o • 1 -* iO -* co co Tt< ITS ^ TjH tH iO -* c CO © 1 iO d CO fa | l-^ «o t- CO CO ■* !>• CO co CM ■^ CO 1 «o 1 co d • 1 co o CO © CO © CO o iO CO X OS 1 © -— T— 1 l—l 1 X fa | CO x CO CN OS L^ 00 "* © co OS CO | X © I— 1 T-H 1 X . | co co t> CO CN © © co CO T-H X X 1 © 3 S3 7-1 ~~ "— ' rH 1-1 12 . t- t- o 00 o CO o OS CO -* © 1 CO CO S3 CM - |2 . ur: t> 5C CN X — CO' co X CN CN CN iO d CO fa - T-H . | co CO X "N CO t- o CO CO •sf ^^ © X « s X d fa UO iO l^ CC t3 L^ »# "* co os CO CN | CO ■* __ •o ^H »o O CO CO 05 c^ ■<* OS 1 CM 3 s i 1 CO • i CO >o os T—l X ■^ iO ■* co o T-< CO 1 tJi o WH 1— 1 T-H 1 !>• • iO "* i— o © l>- © CO © co CN CO 1 X o s 1—1 t-H "-H •—I 1 l> 1 UTS o ■<* — r— 1 co 'N ■^ os c^ iO L- 1 t-H . ! fa iH — ' (N — i-l CN 1 2 CO L^ to co -N X as — i cc © !>• CO X " |» 1-1 tH 1-1 CO 1—1 1—1 CN tH ^J OS T-H !>• CN O CO o © co © cc t- CO CN 1 CO fa ^ 1-1 CN ~ ri o CN I— 1 — T-H 1 T-H 1 CN H CN CN t^ ■>* "N — o os »o "* © CN S3 CN "* T-H T-H ^ ^~ -M 'N . i . , ^P X 'M o CN o ^ OS t~ L^ co ■<# 1 CO *- S3 CN CM CN -M CN CM iO CO ■* CN —i t-H I Oj • 1 CO «© ^* GO t-H >> s a OS "-5 r^> co CO CO -3 00 fa el -< >-> S3 co *-3 faC < -1-3 03 03 CO O CO o CO > O .5 o CO p Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 73 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1846. Abscess 7 Accidental 39 Aneurism of aorta ... 1 Apoplexy 22 Asthma ...... 1 Bowels, disease of . 251 Brain 11 Bronchitis 7 Burns 7 Cancer 19 Canker 19 Chicken-pox 2 Child-bed diseases ... 42 Cholera infantum . . . 108 " morbus .... 24 Colic, bilious 2 Consumption 485 Convulsions 64 Croup 77 Chest, disease of ... 1 Debility 20 Delirium tremens ... 8 Diabetes 2 Diarrhoea 80 Diseases unknown . . . 12 Dropsy 52 " of brain . . . .117 " chest .... 6 " " heart .... 1 Drowned 29 Dysentery 52 Epilepsy 1 Erysipelas 15 Fever, bilious 9 " brain 18 " lung 146 " scarlet 106 k ' slow 2 " typhus 133 " nervous Fistula .... Glands, disease of Gravel .... Hemorrhage . Heart, disease of Hernia . Hip, disease of Hooping-cough Infantile diseases Inflammation of bowels " " brain " " lungs " " stomach " " uterus Influenza . Intemperance . Jaundice . Kidney, disease of Liver, " " Lungs, ' " " Lock-jaw . Marasmus . Measles Mortification Neuralgia . Old age Paralysis . Pleurisy Quinsy ._ . Rheumatism Rupture of aorta " " blood-vessel Scalds . Scrofula Small-pox . Spine, disease of Stillborn . Sudden . Suicide . Syphilis Spasms Teething . Throat distemper Tumor . Ulcers . "Worms . 42 3 3 38 198 58 24 88 10 1 3 29 12 5 17 2 1 53 150 7 1 75 30 18 2 6 1 3 7 12 92 6 303 20 14 1 4 51 12 17 5 5 Total 3,389 74 Death Ketukns from 1810 to 1850. — 1 l^ CO _ CO OS o CO ■* >o o -o ■M •spnoi "* co o — h co o x* o OS CM c CI CM CM CM CO CO K3 Tt* «3 iO CO CO Ol — " CC "* »o '- CM t> CO »o CM CM s ^ CM o t> CM rji CM L^ o ■>* co Tjr o fa ^H l>- iO o CC OS o "* 00 ,—1 UO ■* iO iH T— l> ten OS o »o o cs O CO <~ CO o ■* CO -M co t-H t-h T-H T-H OS . CM U3 CO CO -# ,— ( CC CO CO CM OS os co o fa t-H T-H T-H os CO © • to t> iO CM CO o ■<* CM ,-H CM OS i^ CO US 3 hH . CS co *o CO iO (M CC co os X CC co CM o fa T-H T-H T— T-H T-H CC us © — . CS CO •<* ■* l^ CO ■* CO CM ^ CM CO co ^ s CM CM O) *-* OS . T* CS »o CM L^ :- T-H TH iO CS t> l^ CO fa t-H T— < T— 1 T^ oa CM t-H T-H T-H — T-H — 6 ^H CM 'M CO OS — t>- r- CO — iO CC' CC' — w a 1-1 rt 1-1 1-1 CM CM CM CO CM CM 1—1 CM i-C (M . t>- CS CO T_| ,—1 ■* t-h CI T-H ,-H TH os r fa — i-H 1— 1 CM CM CM Ol CM CO CM CM T-H CO CO © Cl . l> o »o L^ ^* CM CO "«* co O CS t^ CO c« s T-H ~^ CM CO CO ^# CO ^ CM o CO CO L^ "* o t> CO iO CM CO t-H CO 'O o fa T-H T-H T-H T-H T— 1 T-H 6 T-H . CO * cs 6 T-H us fa CO . «* CS CM o T-H ■^ L^ Ci CM CO •* CO T-H s *"~ l 1—1 rH t-H T-H T-H T-H CM 00 t> t> CM co ■* ■<* o T-H CC -cr o fa T— I T-H T-H T-H t-H t-H Ol CM CM T-H T— « os US est T-H . CS o en t^ o o o -*" L^ ** L^ CC o s T-H H 7—1 1—1 OJ CM CM CM 7-1 ^ ^ o CJ # CO CO CM o c, t-H O) l> t-H cs o os CM fa co ** T^ T-H — T-H CM i-H CM . CO rH CO -* CO co co CO CS T— co 00 CC s TH *~* 1-1 r_ T_l 1-1 CM iO "<# CM ■"* CM # Th L— cc CO -* »o CJ5 tJH CO CM ,-H o CO fa rt i— 1 rt CM CM ^ CO l> o CM CM CM CO . X — kCJ OS L^ ,-H >o co o »o O co CO (=>,H s O. rH rH 1-1 CM CM CO o iO 00 OJ CM co t^ >> S o g OJ s c3 - 4^ S CO ^ ,3 cu £h -< 03 CJ 1-8 < cT o o o o CJ Q Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 75 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1847. Accidental Asthma Apoplexy . Abscess Bronchitis . Burns .... Blood-vessel, ruptur Bowels, disease of " inflammation of Brain, disease of* " inflammation Bones, disease of Consumption . Convulsions . Croup .... Cancer .... Canker .... Cholera e of of infantum k ' morbus . Childbed . . . Colic .... Cramp .... Diarrhoea . Dysentery . Dropsy .... " on brain . " " chest . Debility . . . Diseases unknown Drowned . Delirium tremens Drinking cold water Diabetes Dyspepsia . Epilepsy . Erysipelas . Fever, typhus " bilious " brain . ' ' nervous . ' ' scarlet " inflammatory ' ' intermittent " lung . " slow . " rheumatic- Gravel .... 25 5 7 6 1 4.33 51 is 16 1 544 64 102 13 28 23 2 36 4 2 92 222 48 130 11 31 6 22 11 1 2 1 1 7 666 3 27 1 59 1 1 153 2 5 3 Glands, disease of Hemorrhage . Hooping-cough . Hernia .... Heart, disease of Hip, disease of . Influenza . Intemperance Infantile diseases Jaundice Kidneys, diseases of Liver, diseases of Lungs, diseases of " inflammation Lock-jaw . Murdered . . Mortification . Marasmus . Measles of Old age Paralysis . Pleurisy Poison . Piles . . . Quinsy . Rheumatism . Rupture Spine disease . Stillborn . Sudden . Suffocation Scalds . Stomach, disease " inflammation of Scrofula Suicide . . Strangury . Strangulation Small-pox . Teething . Tumor . Ulcers . Uterus, disease of Worms . White swelling Total . . of 1 8 36 2 58 4 10 26 248 7 6 14 4 40 2 1 4 104 15 75 23 34 2 1 5 2 2 4 269 3 1 3 o 2 10 10 1 1 23 62 13 7 1 4,122 76 Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. TO so CO CO — 31 co — 3-1 © 30 X 3-1 •spnoi — CO cc CO CO os co rH © 30 © CO l^ CO so CO 3-1 31 31 co ■ - rf CO CO CO rs co •uioq rH CO >o 30 l> TO •_: - rH tH © "* X -TIPS 30 GO CC 30 r " H CO 3-1 r* 30 3-1 GO GO © CO a M a fa o - ° © © © © 1 © © © © — S o © o rH © © © © rH ° © © 30 A<=> fa o o o © © ^ © © © 30 © GO o & rH s rH 1-1 o © © rH © - rH © CO © L^ © fa* o 30 © co 3-1 ^ "~ rH CO CO ,H CO G-l GO o 00 s o rH — — *— 3-1 CO 30 SO 30 GO CO os © 00 fa eo 50 1 - co — ' L^ rH rH t-» CO iC * CO UO • c- 30 30 ,_ < 3-1 © CO CO GO O GO CO co s -.-. d fa CO O t>- 3-1 CC CO CO t- X CO ■^ CO © 1>- 6 • 30 o os iO CO rH © !>• CO iO »o *0 — . co S I— 1 «"H X d fa UTj rH CO CO rH © co 30 OS co co rH os 1— 1 i—i T- 1 l^ s OS o 00 iO rH co iO © t^ X os iO co «s rH X OS r-l CO CO CO CO co <— 1 rH t- os X © d ! fa i— 1 rH rH 1—1 T ~ l rt io >o CO OS CO OS >o CO 30 co L^ rfi © "^ « s '"-' 1-1 r-1 1-1 1—1 3-1 1-1 1—1 rH CO iO rH »o OS CO i-H CO CO OS © -* >o ^^ o fa "f CO rH o os os CO CO CO eo H L-- CO iO w s 3-1 50 "* 1-1 -j 3-1 rH 3-1 GO 30 rH 3-1 30 CO co *d CO t>- OS os rH © i— 1 I— | r-» o d d fa T— I 1-1 rH 3-1 7-1 rH CO 30 30 GO j—i CO 30 . CO -* t>- ,— 1 co © t^ © CO © os X © eo S3 CO CM 30 30 1-1 3-1 r " < 30 3-1 GO rH 30 OS OS os CO OS t^ co X O os ^ti CO co d fa H 1—t © . t> [> CO © o © o © X iO X © r^ ^H s T " H 1-1 rH rH OS d i-H . l> CO iO Tjl os rH OS t> © CO OS CO CO fa r— y—< rH cs M CO "* CO © CO CO o X »o © X l>- © I-H rH X !>• CO os © OS C^ © rH CO rH L-^ X CO fa T— ( — ~ 3-1 i— I T— I GO rH GO c- w H . o so CO -* _l L^ X CO !>• os C^ L^ © S rH rH 1-1 1—1 1-1 1-1 T^ 30 rH ^ H CO i-H GO i-H rn © © ,—1 l^ co CO CO ^H CO t- CO bj rH V— i 1-H 3-1 — r i— 1 3-1 iO CO rH rH CO CO GO OO os CO O rH T— | rH !30 X os t- ^* -* s "- 1 1-1 ,—l 1-1 30 iO 30 f—> *^ rH 3-1 CO iO iO -H t- ■X' CO © rr t- X CO X iO fa CO rH 3-1 1-1 3-1 1-1 iO X "* 1-1 CO GO X co OS Th CO iO © ■co CO © ^H GO CO rH eo s GO ^H 3-1 3-1 CO 30 co os o CO CO oo 30 00 <* >> o3 >i p _ >> ca ±3 CO bfi CP a cu •+5 3 CO o g cu > cu a cu I (V — ^H ^3 < c3 r"q h-j ►""j < o o cu Q Death Returns from 1810 to 1850, 77 Diseases and Causes of Death in Boston in 1848. Accidental .... . 68 Apoplexy . 20 Abscess . 6 Bronchitis 9 Burns ...... . 4 Bowels, disease of . . 375 " inflammation of . 71 Bones, disease of 3 Bladder, disease of . 1 " inflammation of 1 Brain, disease of . 31 " inflammation of 7 Consumption .... . 579 Convulsions .... . 104 Croup . Ill Cancer . 22 Canker 35 Cholera infantum . 59 Cholera morbus . 7 Childbed . 61 Cramp 2 Chest, disease of 3 Diarrhoea 32 Dysentery .... 27 — X — o (M o * CM ^CH CO t- CO CO 'H *0 CO ^* o co CO CM co © r— "O fa o o ^ rt o o O CO —i © © © H S rH rH o CO o o — CO o © © © t» o © o o — ' © o o © © © © ^ OrH g o o o o o ° o rH ° © © © rH 01 rH fa CM rH o —1 — 1 o o o © © rH o l> S o c o ° o ^ rH 1-1 © © © © CO © en © 00 fa CO ifi> CM CM "<* ^ "- 1 CO CM Cm -CH CO — CO S GM 1-1 CM ° — ' — rt CO "* ^ © CM X © 00 fa CO CO O t OS CO >o i-O 00 t> CO "* © o ICO CO f -* CO CO :: co Tjl CO rH iO !>• i- i ei -* . 00 t^ o co uo o t>- 31 CM iO © X i ^ o t- 6 fa C-l 1-1 1-1 rH a o cr> 00 CM o •* 00 »o © o CO CO 31 rH — H i-H t- . fa © t>- co C~ o X) OS 31 r- c © CO -* 31 CO 6 — rH I-H OS . x 31 t>- O rJH X GO CO rH © iO rH CM s — Ol 1—1 1-1 rH CM 31 ">* tJi OS — - CO uO t^ X ** t>. CO fa i—i — — i ^H CN -CH CM X d i-H . [>• CO o Tji 31 o OS rH -* X X © Cm ^ s CM CO CM rH Ol . >o uO t^ CM iO l> CM iO "* CO CO CM © d fa ^^ r^ rH CM ^^ — - CM X cct; rH rH CM © * 01 o . o o r— 3 o •o ■>* CO CO © co «>• = CO g CM ~^ 1—1 co 1-1 "^ CM X iO CM rt 1-1 1 CM CO lr~ CM L^ CO o iO CO o 31 X co © CO fa CM CM CM CM — 1 ^H -M co rft CM CM o o t>. t^. CO CO CO l> CM a rt "-* 1—1 CM 1-1 (N -• o CM CM '"" , CM © 0! d fa CO CO CO X i>" X CM co -H ^H CM © g • o o CO CO' ■* --" uO o • 1 cm T— | 00 1— 1 !>■ CO "0 CM 00 CM CM CO •* 3 & | i-H uO . CO rH o 31 CO o NO o OS L^ X os Cm [i, CM CM T-H rH — rH CM 'O s i-H . 1 (31 co •o CO — l^ CO' CM CO !>• CO © © & I ifl CM X . 1 CM ■«* CO rH 00 31 CM CM © X © X CO fa CO CO ^H CM CM — CM o CM ^* i-H US CO . 00 rH CO __ o — . r- 1 ■* CO © ■o iO CO a CM CO CO CM CO 1—1 CO ■* CM ,— ' 1-1 © CM o X CO c 'N co — ' »o X "O uO © fa rH CM CM CM r^ —i r^ iO •o r^ r^ i-H X est i-i CM . CO 'O t-» 00 X 31 co «o CO t^ © © J o a """ ' CM CM 1— 1 CM rH "" O iO CM CM ~* CM CO o 00 Th 1— CM CM co o uO Ol CM © [>• fa CM CM ■<* ^H UO co CM co CO . O 31 CO (31 »o ■* o o L^ >* OS CO co Kn w CM CO •"CH CO ■M (N rh X (>• CO CM "* os T* •ujoq O co CO CM X rH CO © *o ■<* Cm CO © -iros cm CM "M ;~ ~~ 'M 1—1 CM ~ ~* CM CM CM Ct >> >> -1-3 CO 'CC CD © • CD CD © <* GO 03 7j -5 © .© >> U S-. 2 S +3 o Hi 3 CD o a o 03 - ■spnox t-H OS o as o t«- l^ as Ol CO CO o CO CO GM CO CM CO CM CM CO CO GM GM CO co co 05© fa o o o O o l-H C o o o O o rH Oh s o o o o o © o o o o ° o O CSrH fa o o o rH o 7-1 rH T-H CM CO GM r-l GM i-H i s o i-H o , ~ l '-' o O 1-1 o o ^ o iO d © 00 fa ~ CO co CM CO CM CM CM CO CO GM GM CO s i-H o CO CO rH i— i CM rH CM CO "- 1 © X 6 00 © fa co T T-H CO CO co >o CM CO L^ O >o - s* iO CO co eo ■"# CO rH "# "* ■* GM IO ^ i~ ^* © © fa «<0 T-H i - CO as L^ '" <* uo CO CO GM co X •_: » CO GM T-H CO "0 t> CO GM CO TjH X Th © a ^~< l>- © © © fa '- L-» as -* o H "O CO L-^. o co s GM CO CO ^ -* iO as rH GM "* L^ t» as lO H t- 1 rH as . CO L^ i-H CM as i- t^ t^ "0 r-l as o X © fa ^ rH r-l rH 1—t o US d rH . >o "* rH "* CO T— 1 — CO as CO co as X «* s 1-1 T-H T-H "* *"" ' 1-1 1-1 2 . CO CO co CO •4 rH o CO t> rH i^. t^ o © fa *-< i-H T— 1 T-H t-H T-H CM rH rH t-H rH L^ 1* © T-H . «o CO ■<* rH CO CO o CO •X id rH CO as CO s I-H T-H CM gm CM CM rH T-H t-H rH ^ as T-H . CO cm as CM CO CO CM as as co GM o fc~ © fa rH GM cm CM CM CM i— 1 rH T-H T-H l-H CO ^ eo d . GM lO CO CO -* rH rH CO l^ o CO I>- co X W s GM T-H rH 1—1 CM CM T-H ^ CM GM " l-H GM GM o r-i fa o OS t- >o CO rH — -* CO f- L^ t^ CO s s GM ■^ co CM iO CO "** '- "* GM iO o GM i-H d rH fa CM CO »o CO ict CO CM CM ^ T-H GM CO GM CO s rH CM CO T-H L^ CO - 1 ^ CO o T— 1 CO - co d rH fa CO -* CO o T-H t~ !>> MO CO >o O o CO g s o OS CM rH L^ L^ as t"- X CO co "0 X § fa T-H l> OS as as co CO I>. X CO X as GM UO i-H OS . CO co L^ o as as «tf co co CO X CO GM s T-H t-H rH o tH eo fa CO CM as CO CO -o as as GM iO iO as X X . -H CO as CO CO o CO «<* rH l^ co ^ «o 1 s T-H rt rH 1-1 i— i 2 CM CM CO CO CO ■<* co t>. o ■* CO X © fa CM CO i-H T-H ^^ o est GM as- . co T-H CM CO as rH CO as GM rH GM o w T-H GM CM rH rH H I-H CM CO • GM GM GM eo ! GM . , 1^ CO 1- "* rH as CM CO X O o X GM fa CO co GM CM CM CM ■* CO CO CO co GM i—{ •*)* T— 1 CO CO rH CO CO a. CM "* rH X GM L>- Kh S3 ^ GM "<* CO GM CM CO l^ iO CO CO eo co -<* •ujoq T-H >o CO as O tH t~ CO CM eo GM as CO -ims CM T-H CM CM CM CM CM CM "* GM T-H GM >-, • 3 © ■— } 03 S cu r2 ■_ -Q j=> a t— s 3 a CJ < 8 a ►>8 1-8 2 Si) < GO rQ O o O g cu r* o g CJ o o Q Death Returns from 1810 to 1850. 81 Diseases and Causes of Deaths in Boston in 1850. Accidental . . . Abscess Apoplexy . . . Anemia Asthma . . ; Bronchitis . Burns and Scalds Bowels, disease of " inflammation of Bladder, disease of Brain, disease of " inflammation of " congestion of Consumption . Convulsions . Croup . Cancer . . . Chorea . Cholera " infantum " morbus Canker . Chicken-pox . Cyanosis . Childbirth . . Cramp . Diarrhoea . Dysentery . Debility . • Disease unknown Dropsy " of Brain Drowned . Delirium Tremens Drinking cold water Diabetes . Epilepsy . • Executed . Erysipelas . Exhaustion Fever . . . " typhus . " typhoid " scarlet . " lung " puerperal 36 9 27 4 1 12 20 1 II 62 1 45 31 L5 586 L29 87 29 1 1 36 7 36 1 1 38 2 48 136 22 43 72 157 23 12 1 1 2 1 65 14 16 61 43 69 165 of tion of Fever brain " rheumatic Fractures . Gout Hernia . Hemorrhage . Hooping-cough Heart, disease of Hip, disease of Influenza . Intemperance . Infantile diseases Intusseption . Kidneys, disease Liver, disease of Lungs, congestion of " in flam ma Mortification . Malformation . Marasmus . Measles . . Neuralgia . . Old Age . . Palsy . . • Poison . Peritonitis . Pleurisy Purpura Quinsy ._ . . Rheumatism . Spine, disease of Scrofula . . Suffocation Stomach, disease of " Inflammation Syphilis Suicide . Small-pox . Strangulation Teething . Tumor . Throat, diseases of Ulcer . . Worms . . of Total 3,667 82 Vital Statistics Revised. APPENDIX A. As there may be some value in comparisons based on these statistics, it seems proper to show the exact figures of Boston Births, Marriages, and Deaths, in contrast with those heretofore given out. I submit therefore the following tables from 184U to to 1892, with explanations : Births. The births in Boston were all collected annually in January by persons employed under a contract. These returns were received about March or April, and were sent to the State authorities by May. The City Registrar's reports were prepared from the same data as those printed in the Secretary's report for the whole Com- monwealth, and a close correspondence between them was to be expected. But in every year returns continued to be made, so that the Registrar's books contain now more births than appear in those reports. The true returns give about two per cent, more in many years, but the percentage is not constant. Deaths. As the deaths are necessarily reported and recorded day by day, the agreement between the record and the reports should be very close. Of course one or two returns may come in after January, but it will be seen that the Registrar's printed reports are often exactly l'ight. The Secretary's reports differ slightly, showing the impossibility of perfect uniformity in returns made by different authorities from the same data. Marriages. Under this head the greatest discrepancies will naturally be found. When the license is given out, no time can be set for its return. The parties may defer marriage for months or years, and the minister or justice may be delinquent in returning the certifi- cate after marriage. In many cases the delay has exceeded a year. I cannot explain the reason for the fact that prior to 1879 the Secretary's report usually gives less marriages than the Regis- Vital Statistics Revised. 83 trar's report does. The correct figures are sufficiently larger to make all statistics of very doubtful value. It will be noted that from 187'.) to 1891 the City Registrar's reports give many more marriages than are on the city record or in the Secretary's reports. It is almost beyond doubt that in 1871) the Registrar incorporated into the total of his marriages not only those celebrated in this city, but the return from other cities and towns in this State, where one party belonged in Boston. We have in this office two volumes of such marriages, and the follow- ing facts may be of use. The records of these marriages show as follows : 1854 to 1867 290 1875 . . 230 1867 . . 195 1876 198 1868 . . 164 1877 211 1869 . . 187 1878 234 1870 . . 209 187'.) 262 1871 . . 244 1880 331 1872 . . 280 1881 388 ! i 1873 . . 249 1882 440 1874 . . 244 1883 . 430 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 452 456 551 539 578 594 617 595 681 It seems also that marriages of Bostonians, solemnized out of the Commonwealth, have usually been recorded and numbered among the marriages performed in the city. From one point of view this is incorrect, and yet such data are not only required by law, but are of interest. It is beyond question that most of such marriages are not reported, however, and the penalty inflicted by the present law is very slight. There seems to be no reason why the notice should not be given and the certificate issued in advance in all these cases of intended foreign marriages. W. II. WHITMORE. 84 Vital Statistics Revised. ( Actually recorded . 1849 ; City Registrar's Report ( State Report i Actually recorded . 1850 I City Registrar's Report ( State Report f Actually recorded . 1851 -j City Registrar's Report (_ State Report f Actually recorded . 1852 ■] City Registrar's Report (_ State Report f Actually recorded . 1853 < City Registrar's Report (_ State Report ( Actually recorded . 1854 j City Registrar's Report ( State Report ( Actually recorded . 1855 « City Registrar's Report ( State Report ( Actually recorded . 1856 - City Registrar's Report (_ State Report ( Actually recorded . 1857 -j City Registrar's Report ( State Report f Actually recorded . 1858 -] City Registrar's Report (State Report ( Actually recorded . 1859 - City Registrar's Report (_ State Report Still Born. 250 256 251 •236 221 2-1 3 228 273 271 249 292 Births. 5,090 5,068 4,886 5,298 5,226 5,279 5,366 5,338 5,338 5,339 5,308 5,308 5,633 5,596 5,555 5,721 5,688 5,687 5,845 5,816 5,816 5,971 5,922 5,897 5,295 5,(S8L 5,877 5,671 5,597 5,595 5,969 5,895 5,913 Mar- riages. 765* 1,176 1,187 2,541 2,467 2,467 2,894 2,863 2,863 2,734 2,686 2,686 2,872 2,855 2,853 3,170 3,128 3,128 2,899 2,855 2,855 2,614 2,536 2,528 2,492 2,3*5 2,386 2,233 2,155 2,155 2,530 2,481 2,481 Deaths. 5,329 5,079 5,071 3,667 3,667 3,667 3,855 3,855 3,855 3,736 3,736 3,736 4,286 4,284 4,284 4,443 1,141 4,401 4,085 4,080 4,080 4,258 4,253 4,252 3,959 3,958 3,958 3,841 3,840 3,840 3,738 3,738 3,737 * The official record of marriages begun July 1, 1849. Vital Statistics Revised. 85 f Actually recorded* 1860 -] City Registrar's Report (^ State Report f Actually recorded * . 1861 ■] City Registrar's Report (^ State Report ( Actually recorded . 1862 -j City Registrar's Report ( State Report f Actually recorded . 1863 ] City Registrar's Report ( State Report f Actually recorded . 1864 ] City Registrar's Report (_ State Report 5 Actually recorded . City Registrar's Report State Report {Actually recorded . City Registrar's Report State Report ^ Actually recorded . 1867 < City Registrar's Report ( State Report ( Actually recorded f 1868 ] City Registrar's Report (_ State Report C Actually recorded . 1869 ] City Registrar's Report ( State Report ( Actually recorded j 1870 ■] City Registrar's Report ( State Report Still Born. 3G1 352 373 :',!) 408 •27 504 Births. 5,896 5,765 5,733 5,824 5.789 5,594 5,345 5,258 5,258 5,281 5,255 5,245 5,014 4.992 4,994 5,360 5,275 5,275 5,565 5,543 5,543 5.924 5,893 5,892 7,409 7,102 7,075 7,436 7,405 7,405 8,138 8,092 8,073 Mar- riages. Deaths. 2,530 2,522 2,484 2,172 2,166 2,147 2,141 2,094 2,094 2,363 2,322 2,322 2,801 2,736 2,736 2,772 2,727 2,726 2,872 2,. sir. 2,828 2,937 2,897 2,820 3,253 3,138 3,046 3,390 3,378 3,286 3,527 3,492 3,340 4,390 4,390 4,389 3,965 3,965 3,963 4,125 4,120 4,104 4,701 4,699 4,699 5,115 5,111 5,109 4,551 4,541 4,541 4,382 4,379 4,377 4,422 4,421 4,421 5,520 5,519 5,519 5,524 5,523 5,494 6,100 6,098 6,098 * No City Report issued. f Koxbury first added. X Dorchester first added. 86 Vital Statistics Revised. ( Actually recorded . 1S?1 2 City Registrar's Report (_ State Report ( Actually recorded . is; % ■ City Registrar's Report ( State Report f Actually recorded . 1873 City Registrar's Report (_ State Report 1874 ! Actually recorded * City Registrar's Report Sta State Report I Actually recorded . 1875-1 City Registrar's Report (_ State Report {Actually recorded . City Registrar's Report State Reports . {Actually recorded . City Registrar's Report State Report C Actually recorded . 1878 •] City Registrar's Report (_ State Report ( Actually recorded . 1879 •] City Registrar's Report f (_ State Report C Actually recorded . 1880 - City Registrar's Report (_ State Report ( Actually recorded . 1SS1 City Registrar's Report (_ State Report Still Born. 543 560 ;, i r, 642 511 491 469 41 457 435 5 IS Births. 568 555 518 335 270 244 748 688 (172 773 717 697 120 020 984 866 773 751 609 530 494 271 185 160 356 200 165 741 654 573 634 530 463 Mar- riages. Deaths. 3,767 3,714 3,589 3,857 3,762 3,610 3,941 3,883 3,724 4,088 4,049 3,891 3,487 3,416 3,311 3,007 2,981 2,814 2,914 2,873 2,767 3,069 3,032 2,892 3,238 3,461 3,039 3,672 3,973 3,488 4,073 4,370 3,813 5,892 ;,..snn 5,888 8,091 8,090 8,088 7,869 7,869 7,868 7,813 7,812 7,812 8,958 8,958 8,925 8,203 8,203 8,196 7,284 7,284 7,284 7,677 7,677 7,677 7,435 7,435 7,406 8,612 8,612 8,592 9,097 9,097 9,075 * t Iharlestown, West Roxbury, and Brighton included. t See notes about marriages, ante, p. S3. Vital Statistics Revised. 87 ( Actually recorded . 1882 City Registrar's Report (_ State Report C Actually recorded . 1883 - City Registrar's Report (_ Slate Report ( Actually recorded . 1884 a City Registrar's Report ( State Report f Actually recorded . . 1885 - City Registrar's Report (_ State Report ( Actually recorded . 1886 - City Registrar's Re (_ State Report port ( Actually recorded . 1887 - City Registrar's Report (State Report ( Actually recorded . 1888 •] CitV Registrar's Report ( State Report ( Actually recorded . 1889 -, City Registrar's Report ( State Report ( Actually recorded . 1890 - City Registrar's Report ( State Report f Actually recorded . 1891 - City Registrar's Report ( State Report ( Actually recorded . 1892 ■% City Registrar's Report ( State Report Still Born. 520 509 516 523 557 535 571 608 636 G25 644 Births. 11,112 10,986 10,927 11,400 11,302 11,206 11,591 1 1 ,4 79 11,372 11,589 11,496 11,373 12,079 11,990 11,864 12,306 12,137 12,048 12,803 12,613 12,534 12,993 12,7H7 12,650 13.352 13,145 13,137 14,540 13,957 14,248 15,180 15,154 Mar- riages. 4,236 4,631 4,012 4,338 4,702 4,054 4,197 4,624 3,963 4,276 4,7'7 4,021 4,498 5,009 4,194 4,830 5,347 4,563 4,949 5,517 4,688 5,207 5,774 4,865 5,293 5,831 4,937 5,511 5,929 5,163 5,711 5,670 Deaths. 9, 8. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9, 9. 9. 9, 9. 9. K) 10 10 10, 10. 10, 10, 10, 10. 10 !() K) 10, 10, 10, 11 1 1 ,017 015 999 747 747 716 623 622 605 622 622 608 265 265 240 ,077 ,077 ,030 200 200 190 256 258 239 179 178 126 573 572 536 ,241 ,241 * See notes about marriages, ante, p. S3.