Qass. 
 Book. 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
The Dog 
 
 AND HOW TO BREED 
 TRAIN AND KEEP HIM 
 
 WALNUT PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 BOSTON 
 
 PRICE, TWENTY-FIVE CENTS 
 
npHE Best Dog Food on this market. 
 So pronounced by some of the 
 largest and oldest kennels in the 
 country. 
 
 For sale by Grocers, Sporting 
 Goods Dealers and Druggists. 
 
 AUSTIN & GRAVES 
 
 ii6 Commercial Street 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
THE DOG 
 
 AND Hr)\V TO 
 
 O 
 
 3REED, TRAIN AND KEEF^ HIM 
 
 Containing articles on the Breeding, Training and 
 
 i\.eeping of tJie Dog, as welt as ttie History, Description, 
 
 and Pecutiarities of tJie ' different breeds 
 
 by noted fanciers, and atso a 
 
 Cliahter upon Disease 
 
 ILLUSTRATED WITH MANY ENGRAVINGS FROM LIFE 
 
 BOSTON, MASS. 
 Published and Copyrighted by the 
 Walnut Publishing Co. 
 1894 
 
 n ^3d'-^ f 
 
 Aj . 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 5 F't- 
 
 .J3 
 
 Page 
 
 Bassett Hounds 28 
 
 Beagles 24 
 
 Black and Tan Terriers 51 
 
 Bloodhounds 17 
 
 Boston Terriers 45 
 
 Breeding, How to Breed a Dog ... 3 
 
 Bull Dogs 44 
 
 Bull Terriers 43 
 
 Chesapeake Bays 29 
 
 Choice of Breeds 14 
 
 Clumber Spaniels 37 
 
 Clydesdale Terriers 57 
 
 Cocker Spaniels 39 
 
 Collies, Rough and Smooth 42 
 
 Dachshunds 27 
 
 Deerhounds 22 
 
 Dandie Dinmont Terriers 53 
 
 Diseases of the Dog 8 
 
 Asthma 8 
 
 Blotch 12 
 
 Canker of the Ear 8 
 
 Colds 8 
 
 Constipation 9 
 
 Diarrhoea 8 
 
 Distemper 8 
 
 Eczema 11 
 
 Jaundice 11 
 
 Kennel Lameness or Chest P'ounder . 9 
 
 Mange 11 
 
 Paralysis or Loss of Power in the Hinder 
 
 Extremities 9 
 
 Surfeit 12 
 
 Worms 9 
 
 Page 
 
 English Setters 36 
 
 Field Spaniels 39 
 
 Fox Hounds 26 
 
 Fox Terriers, Smooth 49 
 
 Fox Terriers, Wire Haired 47 
 
 Gordon Setters 32 
 
 Great Danes 19 
 
 Greyhounds 23 
 
 Irish Setters 35 
 
 Irish Terriers 50 
 
 Irish Water Spaniels 65 
 
 Japanese Spaniels 59 
 
 King Charles Spaniels 61 
 
 Lodging, Keeping, and Feeding .... 6 
 
 Management of the Female and Litter 4 
 
 Mastiffs 15 
 
 Newfoundlands 20 
 
 Old English Sheep Dogs 42 
 
 Origin and History of the Dog ... 3 
 
 Pointers 30 
 
 Poodles 40 
 
 Prince Charles Spaniels 61 
 
 Ruby Spaniels 61 
 
 Pugs 63 
 
 Russian Wolfhounds 21 
 
 St. Bernards, Rough and Smooth ... 16 
 
 ScornsH Terriers 54 
 
 schipperke 64 
 
 Skye Terriers 50 
 
 Toy Black and Tan Terriers 65 
 
 Training, How to Train A Dog . ... 12 
 
 Yorkshire Terriers 58 
 

 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 IN this little work it is intended to give, for the ordinary dog owner and fancier, a 
 short description of the more popular breeds, their peculiarities and characteristics, 
 written by well-known fanciers, and also articles upon the breeding, training and 
 keeping of the dog, giving such information as he would like to know, whether keeping 
 dogs for profit or for pleasure. The articles have been purposely shorn of all techni- 
 calities, the illustrations have been taken from hfe, and it is sincerely hoped that the 
 little monograph will make the keeping and breeding of a good dog as popular as it 
 should be. 
 
 THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE DOG. 
 
 The dog has been the faithful and constant companion of man from the very earliest 
 times. He is supposed to have been the first of the animal kingdom domesticated, and 
 when the greater proportion of the earth's population subsisted from the fruits of the 
 chase, his instincts, as a hunter, were relied upon almost entirely to furnish food. The 
 dog is mentioned by Homer in his poems, and is pictured upon the Egyptian monu- 
 ments which have been standing for over five thousand years. Thus, for centuries, the 
 dog has been the well-tried assistant of man, in guarding the flocks and herds, and even 
 the master himself has relied upon the prowess of his friend. His sagacity, fidelity and 
 usefulness are too well known to every one to be repeated, though it may be said that 
 he surpasses, in intellectual qualities, even the semi-human elephant. 
 
 A great many pages have been written upon the origin of the dog, but many facts 
 remain so in obscurity that no definite conclusions can be drawn from them. It is 
 supposed, however, that all breeds had a common origin which fashion and environment 
 have so shaped that there are now, probably, over two hundred varieties of dogs. The 
 dog is well adapted to hunting, for he has a good sight, strong powers of scent, and 
 almost human sagacity. His courage and fierceness, in defense of his master or a 
 charge, make him one of the most valuable adjuncts to man. 
 
 The dog belongs to the division I'crtebrata, class Mammalia, order Ferae, family 
 Felidae, sub-family Canina, the species known as Cauis familiaris. The sub-family, 
 Canina, includes the dog, wolf, jackal and fox. This sub-family is distinguished by 
 having two tubercular teeth behind its canine teeth in the upper jaw. The dog has the 
 pupils of the eye round, while in the fox they are like those of the cat, perpendicular 
 slits, and in the wolf oblique ones. While the dog is chiefly the inhabitant of cold and 
 temperate climates, it is only in the temperate zone that he reaches the highest perfec- 
 tion. Naturally living upon meat, the dog when domesticated will live upon vegetable 
 matter, but thrives best upon a mixed diet of vegetable and animal substances. Almost 
 everyone has his particular fancy for a variety ; each breed presents its peculiar char- 
 acteristics, but whatever one is selected, there is no servant of man who does his work 
 so cheerfully as the dog, or that has his sweet disposition and forgiving nature. 
 
 HOW TO BREED A DOG. 
 
 A physician once said that to bring up a perfect child, you must begin with his 
 great grandfather, and to breed a good dog you must commence even further back. 
 You must make the breed you have selected a thorough and exhaustive study, learn all 
 its characteristics, its peculiarities, and, above all, study its defects and flaws. The most 
 
 3 
 
4 THE DOG. 
 
 important point in the breeding of dogs is the careful selection of the parents. Ascer- 
 tain conclusively the results of a dog to which you desire to breed, as oftentimes a dog 
 will be perfect in points, but will not breed well. Fashion your type, and do not expect, 
 because you have paid a large price for your bitch, that sending her to the highest-price 
 dog will necessarily produce perfect j)U])pies. The dog may lack just the points the 
 female wants, and so the defect becomes glaring. A careful selection should build up 
 the weak points and bring the puppies truer to the standard. The frame and general 
 characteristics of the male, it is held by prominent breeders, is inherited by the puppies, 
 while their nervous disposition comes from the female ; however, both furnish their part 
 towards the original germ, but the female perhaps, suckling the young ones, may have 
 more influence. It is true that where a thoroughbred is put to a mongrel the former 
 will imj^ress more of the offspring than the latter. Acquired or accidental variation as 
 well as natural conformation is transmitted by both parents. Defects of former genera- 
 tions will croj) out whether crosses of types or varieties. The first impregnation seems 
 to have more influence than the others, and the writer has had an experience of this 
 kind which is well-worth (juoting. A thoroughbred black and tan collie, while in heat, 
 broke loose and ran with a mongrel dog having a distinctive white collar, the ]jroduce of 
 this mating being four puppies which had the collar and three being black and tan. 
 The bitch in her next season visited a thoroughbred black and tan collie dog, and of the 
 produce two had a well-marked white collar, two rudiments, and the balance were black 
 and tan. The third season her visit was to a black and tan collie, and in this litter, three 
 of the dogs had white markings. A daughter, the result of the third mating, had two' 
 puppies, with white collars, in her first litter. I'his experience shows conclusively the 
 impress of each sire upon a female and her offspring. Great care should be shown in 
 the selection of parents. If you have a valuable female and desire to breed, get the best 
 sire that you can afford, for you will be paid many times over by the extra money the 
 puppies will bring. Dogs should never be bred until they reach maturity, which of 
 course varies with different breeds, small dogs maturing first, oftentimes in one year, 
 while older dogs do not do so for two years or more. 
 
 " Stonehenge," the eminent English authority, says "that the best time to breed 
 dogs is from April to September, inasmuch as in the cold of winter the puppies are apt 
 to become chilled whereby their growth is stopped, and some disease very often de- 
 veloped." A breeder generally has to suit himself to circumstances, his bitches coming 
 in at odd times, and if he has warm kennels or accommodations he can breed at almost 
 any time. A female dog is "in heat" about twice a year, generally from every five to 
 seven months, occurring at equal lengths of time. The heat lasts usually three weeks, 
 and it is during the latter j^art of the middle week, or just after the blee<iing ceases, that 
 she should be allowed with the male. The length of time elapsing between the first and 
 second seasons will generally give the breeder opportunity to calculate the length of the 
 periods, and to arrange for any subsequent breeding. Of course if one does not intend 
 to breed his female, she should be carefully kept from the males during the season. 
 
 MA.\A(ii:.Mi:.\l' OF THE FEMALK AND THE LriTEK. 
 
 The female should have sufficient exercise, l)ut not too much, while great care should 
 be taken that she does not have too violent exercise, avoiding running hard and jumping. 
 Where a valuable dog is bred it is well to have a foster mother who can divide the trials 
 of maternity, giving the best dogs to the mother and the poorest ones to the foster 
 mother ; it is also a good idea to have a foster mother ready in case the matron is weak 
 or has a large number of puppies. The mother should not be allowed to grow too fat 
 before jjarturition, while her bowels should be kept in a healthy condition by mild 
 aperients, warm, comfortable quarters being provided for her. 
 
 A quiet spot, removed from noisy surroundings, should be selected and arranged 
 for maternity. 'J'he bitch will be more contented in a place where she has been accus- 
 
MANAGEMliXT OF THE FEMALE AND LFrTER. 
 
 5 
 
 tomed than if brought to a new spot. A piece of old carpet for the mother to lie on 
 is recommended as better than straw or anything else. In nearly all cases nature is the 
 best doctor and the matron should be left to herself, the puppies appearing from twenty 
 minutes to half an hour apart. 
 
 Many breeders give the bitch a little warm milk to slake the thirst during maternity, 
 and it does not harm. Liquid food should be fed the matron after parturition every two 
 or three hours. After two or three days the bitch should be treated to a good, generous 
 diet, as the puppies demand all the resources of her system. If necessary to destroy 
 puppies, they should be taken away as soon after birth as possible, leaving one or two 
 for the bitch to suckle, then she, not having become attached to them, does not miss 
 them. The bitch should be encouraged to leave the puppies for exercise at least an 
 hour or two every day, and at first it will be necessary to take her out one's self, but 
 after the second or third week she will leave the nest of her own accord and will take 
 the exercise necessary for her well-being. " Stonehenge " recommends as follows : 
 " The best food for a suckling female is strong broth, with a fair proportion of bread and 
 flesh, or bread and milk, according to previous habits." About the fifth or sixth week it 
 is a good plan to begin to wean the puppies, a very good method being to stick their 
 noses into a pan of milk, and they will lick this milk off their muzzles, and very soon 
 will commence to lap of their own accord. In my experience I have found that pup- 
 pies in the same Htter that have begun to drink milk, grow very much more rapidly 
 than those that cling to the mother. Some breeders recommend teaching puppies to 
 lap milk as early as three weeks. It is a very good plan to scald the milk and slightly 
 sweeten it, so it will contain as large an amount of sugar as is found in the milk of the 
 bitch ; it is also well to warm the milk, that it may be more like that of the mother. All 
 puppies are subject, more or less, to stomach worms, which seem to thrive very rapidly 
 and well upon the nursing diet, and when they are weaned this trouble seems to 
 diminish, so that it is a good plan, perhaps, to wean as early as possible not only on 
 account of the bitch, but also from the fact that it kills the latter trouble to a 
 great extent. 
 
 A variety of methods of feeding puppies is prevalent among fanciers, and perhaps 
 quotations from the opinions of the leading ones would be valuable in this work. 
 Stonehenge recommends, that " puppies should be fed every four hours upon a thickened 
 broth made from sheep's head and thickened milk alternately " ; he says further, " that 
 their food must be given them somewhat stronger and of somewhat different nature after 
 a time." He says that " this food will be required for any kind of a dog, but a single 
 puppy is very easily reared upon thickened milk, with scraps of the house in addition, 
 including bones, which it will greedily pick, and any odds and ends left upon plates." 
 He says, " that regularity in feeding puppies is of the utmost importance, and in his 
 experience, he found that where two puppies were equally well reared in other respects 
 — one fed at regular hours, while the other was only supplied at the caprice of the 
 servants — the former will greatly excel the latter in size and health, as well as symmetrical 
 development of the body." 
 
 Another breeder recommends "a little soup thickened with stale bread, twice a- 
 day, this being gradually substituted for the milk, doing away with the latter entirely at 
 two months." He says, " well boiled vegetables of all kinds, except potatoes, which are 
 too hard for a dog to digest, should be gradually introduced into the diet. There is no 
 question but what a dog requires very nutritious food during puppyhood, as all parts of 
 his body are growing, and it is necessary to supply the ever-increasing wants of his 
 rapidly growing system. The puppy should never be allowed, however, to gorge himself, 
 for it will disorder his digestion, as well as bring on a host of other diseases. For the 
 first three months after he is weaned he should be fed four times a day ; after five or six 
 months, three times a day is enough, until the age of one year is reached, when twice a 
 day is enough — a light meal in the morning and the principal meal in the evening." 
 
 Puppies should have a sufficient enclosure to run and play in, as the little fellows 
 
6 THE DOG. 
 
 are all activity and enjoy their running and tumbling about very much ; while if confined, 
 they are apt to grow logy and fat, which interferes with a proper development. Besides 
 milk, a porridge of Indian meal is sometimes employed in feeding puppies, and it should 
 be mixed with water or broth while cold and then boiled for at least an hour, making 
 sure that it has not been burned. Oatmeal porridge can also be given the puppies, the 
 meal being stirred up with cold water to a thick paste, then mixed with some broth, 
 stirring till it thickens in the kettle ; then let it set, when it can be cut and is quite solid. 
 I believe that the proper time for boiling oatmeal, is to count from the moment of boil- 
 ing at least twenty-five minutes, and 1 do not think that oatmeal should be fed to dogs 
 that has not been allowed to cook at least that time. Great care should be used in se- 
 lecting meats for puppies, that they are in a perfect condition, as stale meat is apt to 
 contain germs of disease, which not only give diarrhoea, but also is apt to sicken dogs 
 in other ways. I have always thought it a good plan to keep a few bones in the puppy 
 yard, that they might try their teeth upon them. There is really nothing they take so 
 much pleasure in as sharpening their little teeth on a hard bone. The kennel should be 
 kept scrupulously clean, and I have found that lime-washing walls is the best preventive 
 for vermin. In the summer time no straw is necessary for a bed, but in the winter time 
 a good, clean bed of straw is a great comfort for a dog, and it is advisable to change it 
 frequently, and burn it, thus destroying any insects which may have found refuge in it. 
 A general habit of obedience should be gradually inculcated in the mind of the little 
 dog. His name should be taught to him, and it will be a very easy thing to make him 
 follow at your heel. 
 
 If the dog is at all costive, or his coat is in a rough condition, a small dose of castor 
 oil is a very good thing to give him. If the dog's tail is to be cropped, or ears cut, it 
 should be done by an experienced person at about the fourth month. 
 
 Gordon Stables, the celebrated English authority, in speaking of feeding puppies, 
 says : " They must be fed with a litUe at a time and often ; six or eight times a day is 
 not too often at first, and non-stimulating food will do, such as bread and milk, boiled 
 rice and milk, oatmeal porridge and milk. Try to make them happy and comfortable ; 
 give them a large bone to gnaw on which cannot be swallowed, and they will find it an 
 excellent treat. Never handle much, and if necessary, lift them by the nape of the 
 neck. Do not put any restraint on them ; give them all the libertv they want. Keep 
 them clean, giving them a good, clean bed, and they will soon learn that it is their own 
 duty to keep their quarters nice and sweet." 
 
 LODGING, KEEPING AND FEEDING. 
 
 In this article I shall not go into the kennel management of dogs, but shall bear 
 more stress upon the care of one or two dogs. A dog always likes a clean place to sleep 
 in ; he likes a regular place to sleep in, and he will keep that place clean if he has been 
 taught cleanly habits. If he has a kennel it should be thoroughly whitewashed once or 
 twice a year, and in the whitewash bucket should be poured a small percentage of 
 carbolic acid. This latter keeps the quarters clean and nice, also acting as a good 
 insecticide. A dog that is chained all the time is not himself; his disposition becomes 
 sour ; he is more apt to bite and snarl and bark at everything that passes by. A dog 
 that is not wholly chained and is allowed to take reasonable exercise, will, to my mind, 
 prove a much better watch dog, discriminating somewhat between those people at whom 
 he is to bark, and those who are to pass unnoticed. Dogs ought to have a run of an 
 hour every morning at least, and if it is possible, a trip out in the evening. Exercise 
 keeps a dog's bowels in much better condition than if he is allowed to lie round chained 
 all day. In muddy or wet weather, the dog's legs should be washed and the feather 
 combed out after he returns from a walk, and rubbed down with a coarse towel. Cleanli- 
 ness is absolutely necessary where dogs are kept in any numbers, and if the kennels are 
 not well washed, or are made of hard wood or woods, they should be washed thoroughly 
 
LODGING. KEEPING, AND FEEDING. 7 
 
 at least once a fortnight with a little carbolic acid or other disinfectant in the pail. All 
 lon^-haired do^s, like the Skye Terrier, or other pet dogs, should have a thorough wash- 
 ing'everv morning, being well rubbed down dry with a coarse towel, and then given a 
 run, to Restore the circulation. Long-haired dogs should have a thorough combnig 
 every day or two, this latter precaution preventing their hair from becommg matted. 
 
 'Be sure to have your kennel water-tight, as rheumatism, colds and other diseases, 
 follow dampness and exposure. A basket lined with flannel, with a soft cushion at the 
 bottom, is very much appreciated by toy and pet dogs. They readily learn to he in the 
 place that is reserved for them, and will not use the soft chairs or cushions in the best 
 parlors when they have this place provided for them. If the lining and cushion in their 
 basket is made removable and of a material than can be washed, it will do a great deal 
 towards preventing insects from being harbored in them. In severe weather toy terriers 
 and Italian greyhounds need some covering when they go out of doors. To me it is a 
 pitiful sight^to see one of these tender dogs shivering and trembling on the street m 
 cold weather ; and when one thinks that a small sum of money would procure a warm 
 cloth or hood that will prevent this, we cannot see why it is not done. 
 
 Doers should not run much during the intense heat of the day, and should always 
 have access to fresh water. This animal does not perspire through the skin at all, but 
 does it wholly through the tongue. Some writers recommend, in feeding a watch dog, 
 to give him his food only in the morning, as it makes him more wakeful and fresh at 
 nic^ht when he is hungry. Where an animal is not doing well, a change of diet is often 
 belieficial, and I believe a dog should have access to grass at all times. Close observa- 
 tion has shown me that dogs will eat certain kinds of grass and at certain times to purge 
 themselves voluntarily. There is no question but what grass acts as a mild physic. 
 Frequent washing of dogs is not absolutely necessary, as it renders the hair harsh and 
 rough increasing the liability to catch the dirt. A good grooming with a comb and 
 brush regularly every morning will prove more beneficial than soapsuds and water, ex- 
 cept however, in the coldest weather an occasional wash is good, the chill being taken 
 off the water, and the yolk of an egg being used instead of soap. In most kennels it is 
 the habit to feed the dogs only once a day, but many breeders consider it too long tor 
 the do^ to go without food ; it is, however, a matter of dispute among breeders, and per- 
 haps a heavy meal at night and a light meal in the morning is more to the taste of many. 
 For the general feeding of dogs a well-known breeder recommends as follows : Broth 
 made from beaf-heads, necks, flanks and bones put into a large pot and thoroughly 
 boiled the bones being taken out and a quantity of vegetables added, all of which are 
 boiled to shreds, the whole being thickened with a coarse grade of wheat flour being 
 stirred in slowly. This broth should be allowed to cool, then poured into a pan, each 
 dog getting his share. Two or three times a week a large bone is given to the dog, and 
 thit serves to keep the teeth clean, and the small particles gnawed off contribute towards 
 supplying nutrition in the animal's bony structure. During the hunting season dogs at 
 work get, besides this, a liberal allowance of raw meat. In many kennels nothing is fed 
 to dogs but biscuit, the directions for using which are as follows : — . , , , 
 
 - Doo- biscuits can be used as a constant and staple food. It is claimed for them 
 that they "clean the dog's teeth, harden his gums, healthy gums meaning health, and 
 eaten dry the dog has to knaw them as he would a bone, thus inducing a healthy flow 
 of saliva which is Nature's digestive fluid. In some cases it is necessary to use perse- 
 verence to induce a dog to eat biscuit, especially if he has been fed on soft food, and 
 it is sometimes necessary to starve them into eating them, but very seldom, ^^hould 
 however, the animal refuse, break the biscuit, pour soup over them, feed cold, and 
 aradually reduce the quantity of soup until the dog eats them dry. It is said that an 
 Sverfed fat dog may be star^'ed three or four days without injury. As a general rule 
 St Bernards, Mastiffs and Great Danes will eat from five to eight biscuits a day Point- 
 ers, Setters and Spaniels from three to five biscuits per day, while Terriers and other 
 small dogs will eat from one to three biscuits per day." 
 
THE DOG. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE DOG. 
 
 In describing the diseases of the dog and some simple remedies, only the principal 
 ailments will be given, and these that are ordinarily met with. It is never well, how- 
 ever, if the trouble is obscure or not understood, or the difficulty is severe, to trust to 
 one's own judgment, especially where the dog is valuable. The services of a good 
 veterinary should be secured, and many a valuable dog's life has been saved by prompt 
 action. 
 
 ASTHilA. 
 
 Old dogs are usually the worst sufferers from this disease, the wheezing and spas- 
 modic breathing being very painful, not only for themselves but for their master's feel- 
 ings. Over-feeding, sweet and unsuitable food, is very often the cause in other dogs. 
 A dose of from ten to forty drops, according to the size of the dog, of spirit of sulphuric 
 ether, given in milk, gives immediate relief. As the blood is loaded up with impurities, 
 causing the lungs to do work for which they are incapable, immediate reduction of diet 
 is necessary, exercise and a purge to regulate the bowels every few days will take off 
 superfluous weight, and eventually restore the animal to health. Asthma is prevalant 
 among dogs which have been kept as pets, overfed and without enough proper exercise. 
 
 The usual cause of colds and coughs is exposure to cold and wet, as well as damp, 
 unwholesome quarters. The symptoms are running of the nose and eyes and neglect 
 of food. The urine is quite scanty and high colored, while there is considerable fever, 
 the bowels being very costive. The dog should be removed to a warm, dry place, 
 where he can also obtain rest and quiet, and a dose of physic given him to open the 
 bowels. Good, wholesome liquid food and ni few doses of a tried cough mixture will 
 usually restore the patient to health. All dogs are susceptible to coughs and colds at 
 every stage of their career, more especially pet dogs and those confined to the house, 
 the sudden transition from the hot, confined air of the dwelling-place to out-of-doors 
 being often the cause. 
 
 CANKER OF THE EAR. 
 
 The causes of canker of the ear are exposure, lack of cleanliness, an injury to the 
 ear, and lastly, and perhaps a good second to the other causes, an impure state of the 
 blood. The first three produce an inflammation of the membrane of the ear. This 
 makes the dog continually scratch at his ear, shake his head, and upon examination a 
 red, inflamed appearance of the ears, which has a hot, feverish feeling, is found. There 
 is in advanced stages a dark brown discharge of blood or pus, foul-smelling and offen- 
 sive. External canker is an ulcerous sore, which forms on the edge of the ear, which is 
 associated with internal canker, but often is caused by the ears being torn or bruised by 
 brush or twigs, when it exists alone. It is recommended in the latter case to lance the 
 ranker when soft enough, washing clean in all cases with luke-warm water, sponging out 
 the ear well, adding to the water a little disinfectant, and drying with a cloth. A thin 
 cap should be placed over the dog's head to keep him from shaking his ears. Where 
 the system is very much reduced a good tonic should be given, and the dog fed liber- 
 ally with nourishing food, and the bowels regulated with a mild physic. 
 
 DIARRHCEA. 
 
 Diarrhoea is caused by an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bowels, 
 and it often comes on with some change of diet, or by some improper food irritating the 
 canal, or by an epidemic influence in the kennel. Puppies are very liable to it after 
 
DISEASES OE THE DOG. g 
 
 being weaned, and they suffer from it through eating portions of food which have turned 
 sour from being left over from a meal. A dose of castor oil will generally produce a 
 decided evacuation of the bowels and carry away the irritating substance. Feed care- 
 fully for a number of days on boiled rice and milk as a food. If the trouble continues it 
 is, perhaps, a good plan to use a good diarrhoea mixture. 
 
 RHEUiMATISM. 
 
 Rheumatism is more frequent in the spring, and also occurs in the autumn. It is 
 generally due to damp, ill-ventilated kennels where the dog has to lie close to the 
 ground. Where a dog runs all day long in wet, damp grass, or is in the water a great 
 deal, if he is obliged at night to camp in a damp, low place, illy-ventilated, rheumatism 
 will generally result. Rheumatism in the dog is either confined to the muscular system 
 or the columns of the spinal marrow, which sometimes takes on a rheumatic condition 
 to such an extent as to cause paralysis of the hind legs. The dog retires to some corner 
 and refuses to leave it on being called by his owner, shrinking from the approach 
 of the hand as from fear of being hurt. 
 
 KENNEL LAMENESS OR CHEST-FOUNDER. 
 
 After a dog has run all day long, and is worn out by continued exhaustion, and has 
 afterwards to lie in a damp, cold, draughty kennel, he is almost sure to contract kennel 
 lameness or chest-founder. 
 
 PARALYSIS OR LOSS OF POWER IN THE HINDER EXTREMITIES. 
 
 This trouble is of the same character as chest-founder, but it is confined to the 
 hinder limbs instead of the shoulders. The most frequent forms of rheumatism in a 
 dog are lumbago and chest-founder, or kennel lameness. " The former," says Steel, 
 " is characterized by an arched back, tenderness of the loins ; the animal moves as if 
 half paralyzed behind, and is averse to moving ; he screams pitifully when touched, the 
 bowels are likely to be constipated. The latter is rheumatism affecting the animal so 
 that he suffers pain when the shoulders and fore limbs are manipulated. Local treat- 
 ment should comprise warm water applications, followed by stimulative liniment to the 
 warm parts." 
 
 For rheumatism, kennel lameness and paralysis, as described above, the diet should 
 be low, all animal food being taken away, and the dog being fed upon a soup made of 
 rice or meal. " Landseer " recommends the following : Begin by giving a mild purge : 
 after this has acted, give the following pill, or half of it, according to the size of the 
 dog, three times a day until the pain lias abated : " Calomel and powdered opium, of 
 each one grain ; colchicum powder, two grains ; syrup to form a pill. For kennel lame- 
 ness and paralysis of the hind quarters, give one or two tablespoonfuls of the following 
 mixture twice a day : Iodide of potassium, one drachm ; sweet spirits of nitre, two 
 drachms ; nitre, one and one-half drachms ; camphor mixture, six ounces ; mix." 
 Bathing in a warm bath and rubbing in a good liniment is beneficial. 
 
 CONSTIPATION. 
 
 Where dogs are not exercised and fed properly, especially where they are fed upon 
 biscuit without vegetable food, their bowels are apt to become very costive, and a mild 
 dose of physic is necessary. This latter will most always prove effective, and no further 
 treatment is necessary. 
 
 WORMS. 
 
 Probably every dog is more or less subject to worms ; indeed, there are very few 
 which are free from them. They destroy a great many puppies every year, and are a 
 
lO THE DOG. 
 
 source of disease constantly. There are three general kinds of worms — the maw worm, 
 the round worm and the tape-worm. The symptoms of the presence of worms are 
 generally : a depraved appetite, a harsh, unhealthy state of skin, irregularity of the 
 bowels, while the faeces are offensive, slimy and infested with parasites. Irritation of the 
 anus renders the animal fond of licking that part, or dragging it along the ground. 
 Sometimes in young puppies, notwithstanding the immense quantity of food which they 
 consume, they grow thin. The maw worm is from one-half to one inch long, of a milky- 
 white color. The round worm is of a pale-pink color, six or eight inches long, and is 
 either passed in the faeces or is vomited from the stomach in considerable numbers, 
 coiled together in a ball. Steel recommends santonin as the best vermifuge, and to be 
 given in doses of from three to five grains. It should be given with a full dose of castor 
 oil and followed by a tonic. The tape-worm is a flat, tape-like worm, often a great 
 many feet in length, consisting of short joints, making it difificult to eject entirely. The 
 tape-worms of dogs are numerous, and no animal is free from them until the head is 
 passed, for so long as this remains, it will develop fresh egg-producing segments which 
 are passed and prove the means of the diffusion of the parasite. The best agent for 
 ordinary use, to expel the tape-worm, is areca nut, in doses of from half a drachm to 
 two drachms, according to the size of the patient. It should be combined with a 
 cathartic. Oil of turpentine is always available and can be freely utilized with a bland 
 oil of twice or thrice its bulk ; about three fluid drachms being the maximum dose. It 
 acts thoroughly and effectually. 
 
 DISTEMPER. 
 
 Probably distemper kills more dogs in the course of the year than any other form 
 of disease. It is claimed that damp, ill-drained kennels, lack of proper care, and un- 
 suitable food are specific causes ; however, the essence of the disease is probably from 
 some poison admitted from without. The disease is contagious and infectious. It 
 happens more in young animals than in old ones, and it is said that very few dogs are 
 able to pass through life without having it at some period. 
 
 Stonehenge describes an ordinary attack of distemper as follows : " Almost always 
 the first thing noticed is a general appearance of lassitude, together with loss of appetite. 
 In a day or two there is generally a pecuHar husky cough, sounding as if the dog were 
 trying to get a piece of straw out of his throat ; there is also a tendency to sneeze, but 
 not so marked as the husk (or tissuck) which may occur in a common cold or influenza ; 
 but it is then usually more severe, and also more variable in its severity, soon going on 
 to inflammation, or else entirely ceasing in a few days. In distemper the strength and 
 flesh rapidly fail and waste, while in a common cold the cough may continue for days 
 without much alteration in either, and this is one of the chief characteristics of the true 
 disease." The following from Stonehenge well describes the disease : " There is also 
 generally a black, pitchy condition of the faeces, and the urine is scanty and high-colored. 
 The white of the eyes is always more or less reddened, the color being of a bluish -red 
 cast and the vessels being evidently gorged with blood. When the brain is attacked the 
 eyes are more injected than when the bowels or lungs are the seat of complication. 
 The corners of the eyes have a small drop of mucus, and the nose runs more or less, 
 which symptoms, as the disease goes on, are much aggravated, both being glued up by 
 brownish matter, while the teeth also are covered with a blackish-brown fur. Such are 
 the regular symptoms of a severe attack of distemper, gradually increasing in severity 
 until a convalescence is effected or death ensues." On the average the disease has a dura- 
 tion of from three to four weeks according to the severity of the attack. When the head 
 is attacked, there is a running from the nose and eyes. If there is a fit it is a good 
 evidence of brain affection. Sometimes there is a stupor, and the dog becoming insen- 
 sible, dies. A raving madness sometimes comes on, which latter is a fatal complication. 
 The dog, if recovering, is often a victim of palsy for the rest of his life. Should inflamma- 
 tion of the lungs intervene, the danger is very great and is characterized by rapid breath- 
 
DISEASES OF THE DOG. U 
 
 ing, with a cough, running from the nose and eyes, and the expectoration of a thick, 
 filthy mucus ; the ]nirging of a black, offensive matter, sometimes mixed with a white 
 leathery substance ; in some cases a discharge of blood carries off the dog. However, 
 if the skin is attacked, it is considered a very favorable sign, and is followed by a break- 
 ing out of pustules on the thighs and belly. The animal should be kept thoroughly 
 quiet ; there should be no exercise of any kind ; and the diet should be strictly and re- 
 ligiously looked into. Warmth, cleanliness and care will cure more dogs than anything 
 else. Stonehenge recommends, in the early stage, that the bowels be gotten into good 
 order by mild doses of physic, and after the violent symptoms are abated, it is well to 
 give a good tonic. Should a case be very severe and the dog valuable, a good veterinary 
 should be summoned at once. 
 
 JAUNDICE. 
 
 This disease is generally known to sporting and kennel men as "the yellows." The 
 dog appears thirsty, refuses his food, and vomits what is taken. The skin becomes 
 yellow, the bowels are torpid, and the dog becomes reduced in fiesh and his coat rough. 
 The treatment consists, according to Steel, of careful nursing, with light soups. Mild doses 
 of sulphate of soda or sulphate of magnesia are recommended ; gentle exercise, good 
 food and care will generally bring the dog around all right. 
 
 SKIN DISEASES. 
 MANGE, BLOTCH, SURFEIT, ECZEMA, ETC. 
 
 Eczema is distinguishable from parasitic inflammation of the skin only by the use 
 of the microscope. It is sudden in its appearance, and is found in very young dogs 
 after having had the distemper, or in bitches after puppying. It is caused by some 
 digestive derangement, and especially affects sporting dogs after exposure or the sudden 
 cooling of the surface of the body, affecting the top of the head, neck and back ; it 
 appears all over the body. The dog suffers very much from irritation, and does not aid 
 himself by leaving the sores alone, but constantly bites, scratches and tears himself in 
 every possible way. The diet must be attended to, and a laxative dose given him. 
 
 The mange is a parasitic disease and can be communicated from one animal to 
 another, and is also troublesome to get rid of. The skin on the back and neck is gen- 
 erally affected, the disease extending to other parts of the body and bringing on local 
 troubles, when it affects the eyelids, ears and feet. The dog's appetite is good, but from 
 exhaustion, scratching and irritation, which occur especially when the skin is excited by 
 warmth, or after eating or drinking, he becomes very thin. As the dog scratches him- 
 self he conveys the parasites by his claws and paws to other parts of the body, and 
 communicates the disease to other surfaces in this way. The hair drops out, except 
 here and there a patch ; he becomes debilitated and loses his spirit. Various modes of 
 treatment are recommended by different authorities upon this subject. Undoubtedly 
 the cause is filthy surroundings, dirt, damp, and poor living. Dr. Steel recommends 
 that the animal should first be thoroughly washed with soft soap and warm water ; the 
 hair in the immediate neighborhood of the invaded parts cut off very close, as by 
 shaving. The scabs must be removed and the cut thoroughly examined to see that it 
 does not conceal the smallest bit of diseased flesh. The feet and ears should be 
 especially examined. The diet should be thoroughly changed, free exercise given, and 
 the litter frequently destroyed. Hill recommends a dressing consisting of sixteen parts 
 each of sublimed sulphur and whale oil well blended, with one part each of mercurial 
 ointment and oil of turpentine. He suggests daily scalding of the kennel with boiling 
 water, and bedding of plain straw and shavings. He uses oil of turpentine one part, 
 whale oil six parts, ordinary sulphur ointment and benzine or paraffine, in slight cases. 
 
12 THE DOG. 
 
 Mayhew applied daily for three times, resin ointment very much thickened with 
 sublimed sulphur and then diluted with oil of juniper. Fleming says, for house dogs, 
 and especially those with fine skins and smooth hair, a very excellent and safe remedy 
 is the balsam of Peru dissolved in alcohol (one part. of balsam to four of alcohol). 
 This is an effective acariicide, and has not an unpleasant odor. 
 
 Folli'ular mange is less contagious, originating in patches, especially about the head 
 and over the cheeks and lips. It invades the whole body, especially the legs, belly and 
 sides, rendering the patient a loathsome object. There is some scratching and loss of 
 hair, as in the true mange. The treatment of follicular mange is the same as for true 
 mange. 
 
 Fl.EAS, LICE AND TICKS. 
 
 Of all the troublesome parasites that prey upon a dog, fleas are found in the largest 
 numbers and are the most irritating. Steel recommends washing the animal in softsoap 
 and water or with carbolic soap ; then, while the animal is yet wet, his coat should 
 be thoroughly cleaned with a small-tooth comb. It is recommended that the dog be 
 allowed to sleep on yellow deal or red pine shavings, and if the skin is carefully gone 
 over once or twice a week with powdered sweet-flag, powdered camphor, or finely pow- 
 dered resin mixed with bran, there need be no further trouble. 
 
 Lice are caused by dirt, and if cleanliness is thoroughly looked after they will 
 disappear. Mayhew suggests a dressing of castor oil for the whole body surface, while 
 Hill prefers the ammonia-chloride of mercury, either as a powder brushed into the 
 body, or as an ointment, left on five or six hours, the animal being muzzled during the 
 time. 
 
 Ticks are frequent in dogs in summer, and injure the animal by sucking his blood. 
 They should be removed by forceps, each individual being cut in two, and the skin 
 dressed with a little turpentine. 
 
 BLOTCH OR SURFEIT 
 
 is not contagious, and usually arises from improper feeding and want of exercise, and is 
 brought out often from over-heating and from unwonted exercise. If the animal is 
 given a mild dose of physic and a little care taken in its diet, with regular exercise, 
 there should be little difficulty in effecting a cure. 
 
 HOW TO TRAIN A DOG. 
 
 The limits of this article necessarily confines the writer to a very superficial dis- 
 cription of the art of training a dog, and I shall give what a dog really can be taught in the 
 hands of the general owner and breeder, rather than the technicalities of breaking a 
 pointer or setter, etc., which in every case is better done and should be left to the pro- 
 fessional handler. The training of a dog under the most successful trainer requires from 
 five to seven months, while the best age to begin the education of the youngster is from 
 nine months to a year old. 
 
 Mr. Bernard Waters, the well known authority, in an article upon training setters, 
 says as follows : " The trainer first gives the pupil a thorough course of yard training, 
 teaching him to ' Drop ' (to lie down to order and signal), to ' Hold up' (to rise to order 
 and signal), to 'Go on ' or ' Hie on,' to walk at heel, to ' Come in ' and to retrieve. To 
 teach the dog to drop, tie a cord about three or four inches long to his collar ; hold the 
 cord in the left hand and a whip in the right. Give the order ' Drop ' and a moderate 
 cut of the whip on the shoulder at the same time ; repeat this till the dog lies down, 
 being particularly careful to avoid hurry and to use the ordinary tone of voice ; after a 
 few moments speak to him kindly and give the order ' Hold up.' Be. carefrl to guard 
 against such noise or violence as will frighten the dog. When done properly no fears 
 
HOir TO T/^.l/iV A DOG. 
 
 13 
 
 are excited. Let the lesson last about fifteen or twenty minutes ; then pet the dog a few- 
 minutes before giving him his liberty, so that his fears, if he have any, will be dissipated. 
 Give two lessons each day, regularly, and regular progress will soon be apparent. ' Hie 
 on ' or ' Go on ' is easily taught when exercising the dog ; the order which frees him from 
 restraint being consonant with his inclinations always, is soon learned. When actual 
 field work begins it is the better way to let the dog have his own way for several days, 
 and, if he be timid or indifferent, several weeks. The dog is gradually brought into sub- 
 jection by regular hunting and skillful use of the check cord and whip, always avoiding 
 such punishment as will destroy the dog's ardor or excite violent fear of his master. As 
 to the manner of roading and pointing, it should be left entirely to the dog ; the effort 
 of the trainer being toward establishing steadiness on the point and ranging to the gun." 
 
 Nearly every one takes a pride in teaching a dog something or showing off his 
 capabilities, but for the ordinary dog the following accomplishments are necessary, "to 
 be clean or house broken," "to charge," "at heel or to follow," "to retrieve or to fetch," 
 "to watch," and to go to his kennel at will. 
 
 A dog should be taught early to be clean, and if a house dog, or one chained up, is 
 allowed out of doors at regular intervals he will accommodate himself easily. If he 
 makes a mess, bringing him immediately to the place and showing him the spot and 
 putting his nose to it, giving him a gentle cuffing and scolding at the same time will 
 show him that the act was wrong. This should be done at once, for if not the dog does 
 not know why he is being punished and the lesson is lost. 
 
 To teach a dog " to come," take him to some quiet place by himself, where he is 
 confined, and when his mind seems at ease, say "come, Roger," or whatever his name 
 is. Usually he will run up at once, then reward him by patting him and giving him a 
 piece of bread. It is best perhaps to give the dog his lessons before feeding. He will 
 soon see that he has done something that you think is right and will be pleased. If he 
 does not come at once, go up to him gently and taking him by the collar bring him to 
 the place where you stood, scolding him a little, but when you reach the spot your man- 
 ner should change, praise him and give him some food. Then let him wander off again, 
 repeating the same method. A lesson should be given three or four times a day, lasting 
 from fifteen to twenty minutes, and after three or four days the dog will be found very 
 obedient. 
 
 In teaching a dog " to charge," call the dog to you and say " Charge," at the same 
 moment pushing him to the ground. He will probably endeavor to rise and struggle, 
 but hold him firmly until, repeating the word "Charge," he is quiet, when say "Hold 
 up," at the same time removing your hands. The pupil will probably rise at once, and 
 as he does so praise him, rewarding him with a piece of bread. At first he will make 
 anything but a respectable appearance as he lies down, but he will soon learn if care is 
 taken to lie on his belly with his hind feet under him, and at first with his head on his 
 forepaws. You can repeat this lesson many times a day, but care should be taken to 
 have some interval between the lessons, so that the dog will not become tired. 
 
 To teach a dog "to heel or to follow," take the pupil out secured by a very short 
 chain, holding him so that his head comes just about your leg. At first he will probably 
 pull and try to get away, but paying no attention to this, walk quietly on. After the dog 
 has gotten over his excitement and is walking quietly along, speak to it, and having got- 
 ten its attention, say "Heel," moving the hand which holds the -chain backwards and 
 behind you, thus bringing the dog just back of you and following at your heel. Not 
 being accustomed to this position he will endeavor to come to your side, but by tapping 
 him with a switch on the nose, at the same time saying " heel," it will make him take the 
 position wanted. i\fter a while he can be freed and allowed a run, then the chain is put 
 on and the same lesson gone over. A dog will learn this lesson in a short time and very 
 readily. 
 
 The natural propensity of the little puppy to carry can be cultivated and the dog 
 be taught to fetch. Some object is thrown out, perhaps a ball or a stone, the young dog 
 
14 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 seizes it and is ready for fun ; he will either bite it or run off with it, oftentimes he will 
 bring it to you, and this must be encouraged, calling out when throwing the ball or object 
 "fetch." Should he naturally fetch the object, you must praise and make much of him. 
 If he should run off with the object, as he has been taught to come, you can call him to 
 you. If he does not bring the object when you call, take him back to the object, put 
 it into his mouth, leading him back to where you stood, calling out a number of times 
 the word " fetch." This must be repeated again and again, but not often enough to 
 tire the little creature, until at last he will bring the object at once. To retrieve in 
 the water, the object should be put in a short distance, just enough to make the pupil wet 
 his feet first, and gradually lengthening the distance until he is obliged to swim for it. 
 
 To teach a dog to "go to bed " or to kennel it is only necessary to give the com- 
 mand and to lead him to the place and tell him to " charge " there ; he will soon learn 
 the meaning of the words and will go to his spot at once. 
 
 A dog can be taught many tricks, which will serve to amuse his master and his 
 friends as well as to be of use in various ways. In the articles which follow will be found 
 the various uses which the different breeds are used for in a special way, but such train- 
 ing needs the experience of a thorough handler. 
 
 CHOICE OF BREEDS. 
 
 In the following articles the intending dog-owner will find the merits of the prin- 
 cipal varieties, their pecularities and characteristics, set forth by gentlemen who have 
 made their particular variety a study. Each breed is illustrated by the engraving of 
 a dog taken from life, which is selected so as to represent the most perfect type 
 of the variety described. Only the principal varieties are given, and those that are 
 bred most in this country. 
 
THE MASTIFF, "INGLESIDE MINTING." 
 
 The Property of Geo. W. Glazier, Ingleside Kennels, Salem, Mais. 
 
 THE MASTIFF. 
 
 BY DR. C. A. LOUGEST. 
 
 THE mastiff occupies a very high position indeed in the canine world, and is a very 
 close competitor, amongst the large sized dogs, with the popular St. Bernards, for 
 favoritism as a pet and companion. The mastiff, owing to his unswerving fidelity, 
 docility, amiability, good-temper, intelligence, and noble appearance, is much sought 
 after as a trusty watch and guard. He is so docile and obedient that he is easily con- 
 trolled by the youngest child, but withal so valorous and courageous in the defense of 
 the life and property of his friends, that death alone can make him acknowledge defeat. 
 He is cleanly in his habits, and is easily trained to perform any of the duties required of 
 a faithful and intelligent guardian. Many very fine specimens of the mastiff are to be 
 seen now at the various bench shows in America, many of the very best specimens being 
 American bred, but there is no doubt, whatever, that the fine strain now existing in 
 America is directly traceable to stock imported from England. The mastiff should have 
 a large and massive head, skull perfectly flat and very wide across, forehead well 
 wrinkled with a deep depression in the centre, a well marked stop, eyes small, set very 
 wide apart, light brown or hazel in color, muzzle short, deep, broad, square and blunt 
 in finish, lips loose, but the flews not so well developed as in the bloodhound, teeth 
 level, ears set on high, small and carried close to the head, neck muscular, but free from 
 throatiness, deep chest, good shoulders, body rather long with large girth, well rounded 
 ribs, wide strong loins, broad muscular thighs, forelegs perfectly straight with immense 
 bone, feet round, close and compact, tapering tail, not too long, carried low. The color 
 most admired is fawn with black muzzle and ears ; the black should commence just below 
 the eye, but although fawn is the popular color, most of the oldest breeds and mastiff 
 authorities agree that brindle was the original and is the true color of the mastiff. A 
 good mastiff should measure at least 3 1 inches at the shoulder ; size in a mastiff is greatly 
 
 IS 
 
i6 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 to be desired, but mere height alone, without proportional increase in bone and size 
 throughout, should not be sought after. The coat should be fine and smooth, not wavy 
 or curled. The general appearance of a mastiff should be a picture of a compact, well 
 knit dog, of immense muscular power and activity, perfectly symmetrical, with a frank, 
 open expression of countenance. 
 
 THE SMOOTH-COATED ST. BERNARD, "ALTON, JR. 
 
 The Property of E. H. Moore, Esq , Melrose, Mass. 
 
 ST. BERNARDS. 
 
 BY A P.REEDER OF ST. BERNARUS FOR .MANY YEARS. 
 
 THE origin of the St. Bernard is shrouded in mystery, but they are supposed to have 
 been first bred by the monks at Hospice and Simplon, who had a breed of dogs 
 named after the monk St. Bernard de Menthon. These noble dogs were used by the 
 good monks to succor and rescue pilgrims and travelers who were lost or overcome by 
 the elements in their journeyings across the mountains. Their powerful muscular organ- 
 ization, great frame, and immense staying powers enabled them to breast the most 
 severe storms in search of the lost and bewildered traveler. During a great avalanche 
 all these dogs were killed, so it is said, and the breed was again propagated by the return 
 to the monastery ot a ])air of dogs which had been given away as puppies. Old Barry, 
 descended from the pair originally returned to the monks, is the first dog about which 
 there seems to be any authentic history. He is said to have rescued the lives of forty- 
 two persons. The St. Bernard has two varieties, the rough or long haired, and the 
 
THE ENGLISH BLOODHOUND. 
 
 17 
 
 smooth or short haired, and it is said that the monks preferred the short-haired variety, 
 for the coats of the rough dogs, becoming matted and wet, chilled them, rendering them 
 liable to rheumatism and other diseases. The massive head, the grand frame and 
 beautiful coat of the St. Bernard have given him many admirers, while his affectionate 
 disposition, his utter devotion, and superior qualities as a watch dog have made for him 
 warm friends wherever he has been bred. The general appearance of the St. Bernard 
 should be an animal of large size, powerful and tall, with great muscular development. 
 He should have a massive head and an exceedingly intelligent expression. His nose 
 should be very substantial and broad, with well dilated nostrils and, like the lips, always 
 black. The ears should be medium sized, with the burr strongly developed, which causes 
 them to stand away slightly at the base, and bending suddenly, they should drop without 
 any curl close to the side of the head. His eyes have an intelligent expression and are 
 set moderately deep. The shoulders are broad, muscular and powerful, while the back 
 should be very broad. The tail should be long and very heavy, and in repose it should 
 hang straight down. The color of the St. Bernards, as given by the standard, should be 
 white with red, or red with white, the red in all its various shades ; white with light to 
 dark barred brindle patches, or these colors with white markings. The colors, red, 
 brindle, and tawny, are of equal value. Obligatory markings are white chest, feet, point 
 of tail, and white around the nose and collar. The white spot on the nape of the neck 
 and a blaze are much to be desired. Never self colored or without any white. All 
 other colors are faulty, except the favorite dark shadings in the face markings and on the 
 ears. The height should be 29 J 2 inches for the dogs, while the bitches should be about 
 275^ inches. The long-haired variety are precisely like the other, save the coat, which, 
 according to the standard, ought not to be broken haired, but of medium length, smooth 
 or slightly wavy, but never very wavy, curly or shaggy. 
 
 THE ENGLISH BLOODHOUND. 
 
 BY DR. C. A. LOUGEST. 
 
 ALTHOUGH the English Bloodhound has not as yet been very extensively used in 
 America, for the purpose for which the dog was originally bred, viz. : tracking 
 wounded animals, fugitives and criminals, still his noble proportions, his magnificent 
 head, his graceful movements, and his brilliant coat and color, make him an attractive 
 dog, and a generally admired favorite. Their marvelously developed and keen powers 
 of scent, and their retentive memory admirably qualify them for the purposes for which 
 they were originally used, the tracking of wounded beasts, and the pursuit of criminals. 
 Numerous well authenticated cases are on record, both in Europe and America, where 
 the Bloodhound has successfully tracked criminals through cities, along highways, through 
 forests and even across rivers. The breed cannot be said to be widely popular as yet in 
 America, but it is safe to assume that ere long the Bloodhound will take the place which 
 justly belongs to him, as a popular favorite. 
 
 The subject of the color of the Bloodhound is one over which there has been much 
 difference of opinion ; all fanciers however are agreed, that white occurring to any great 
 extent on the body is a serious blemish, if not indeed an absolute disqualification on the 
 show bench. A great point in color to be desired is, a black saddle on the back ; the 
 rest of the body should be a deep, rich tan. Many erroneous opinions have got abroad 
 as to the temper of the Bloodhound ; he is popularly supposed to be a ferocious, blood- 
 thirsty monster, attacking with fury the victim he has hunted down. Nothing could be 
 more erroneous ; the Bloodhound is amiable, gentle, most intelligent, companionable and 
 
i8 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 affectionate, never attacking any quarry he may track and hunt down, but baying loudly 
 and persistently, when he has found the object of his hunt, until his followers come upon 
 the scene to call him off. A description of the English Bloodhound, as now recognized 
 by authorities of the breed, may be summed up as follows : — 
 
 The skull should be narrow and dome-shaped, very long, with the occipital bone 
 terminating in a high peak at the back \ it should be covered with loose, thin skin, 
 forming numerous folds or wrinkles. The jaws are long and narrow, the flews of the up- 
 per jaw being very long and pendulous, thin in texture and extending below the lower one. 
 — The nose is large and black, with the nostrils well developed, while the eyes are rather 
 small, deeply sunk, light brown color, showing the haw, or inside red lining. The ears 
 
 THE ENGLISH BLOODHOUND " ALCHYMIST.' 
 
 The property of C. A. Lougest. 
 
 must be set or low, the longer and finer in texture the better ; they should at least meet 
 in front of the nose, when pulled forward, and the more they lap over the better. The 
 neck is rather long, with a heavy dewlap, and the shoulders are rather slanting, while the 
 body is moderately wide at chest, with powerful loins. The fore legs are set on straight 
 and very powerful, and the feet round and compact ; crooked pasterns or splayed feet 
 are great and serious blemishes. The stern rather coarse, long and carried gaily. The 
 best and most popular color is a deep tan, with a black saddle on the back. The tan in 
 some specimens varies in deepness, in some the back is flecked with tan, which, although 
 not a disqualification, is undesirable. The coat short and close. The general appear- 
 ance is a magnificently grand appearing dog, intelligent and powerful, not at all ferocious 
 looking, and seeming capable of enduring long and fatiguing work. 
 
THE GREAT DANE "OWL'S NEST TOPSY." 
 
 The Property of R. F. Perkins, Esq., Owl's Nest Farm, Framingham, Mass. 
 
 THE GREAT DANE. 
 
 RY A LOVER OF THE BREED. 
 
 THIS noble breed of dogs, known also as the German Mastiff, German Boarhound and 
 Ulmer Hound, is meeting with great favor in this country, where his good nature 
 and quiet and affectionate disposition are finding him many friends. The Great Dane is 
 very muscular in body, compact, graceful and exceedingly active. Weighing from 1 1 5 
 to 120 lbs., his height is from 29 to 30 inches. He is an excellent watch dog, devoted 
 to his master and exceedingly gentle with children. The standard calls for a dog as fol- 
 lows : the head should be long with arched forehead, broad and square at the muzzle, 
 cheeks full ; eyes deeply set, small and keen ; neck long and free from hanging skin ; 
 chest deep, loins arched, back medium length, hind quarters muscular, sloping shoulders, 
 strong form, straight legs, feet round and very large, with toes set close together. The 
 tail should reach the bend at the hind legs and end upwards in half a circle. The nose 
 and toenails should be black. The colors are the different shades of grey or blue, red, 
 black, pure white, and white with patches of one of the other shades. They generally 
 have a trace of a darker tint along the spine. The nose is often parti-colored or entirely 
 flesh-colored. In the motded kinds the wall or china eye is common, but in the whole- 
 colored specimens is never seen. 
 
 19 
 
THE NEWFOUNDLAND DOG "SAM 556." 
 
 The Property of J. A. Nickerson, Esq., Boston, Mass 
 
 NEWFOUNDLANDS. 
 
 l;V J. A. NICKERSON, ESQ. 
 
 THE pure Newfoundland is rarely met with, though every large black dog is com- 
 monly called by that name. In the island of Newfoundland, of which this breed is 
 indigenous, it is doubtful whether a typical specimen could be found. The characteristics 
 of this dog are, intelligence, kindly disposition, power and buoyancy in the water, love of 
 children and remarkable discretionary powers. Instances of life-saving by these noble 
 animals are numerous, and it is to be regretted that so little has been done to preserve 
 the purity of this breed, which is fast becoming extinct. The head of the Newfoundland 
 is very broad, nearly flat on the top in each direction, exhibiting a well-marked occipital 
 protuberance, and with a considerable brow over the eye. There is a slight furrow down 
 the middle of the top of the head, but nothing approaching to a stop. The nose is wide 
 in all directions, of average length, moderately square at the end, and with open n.ostrils. 
 The whole of the jaws are covered with short hair. The eyes are small, deeply set, and 
 generally brown ; but there should be no display of the haw or third eye-lid. The ears 
 are small, clothed with short hair on all but the edges, which are fringed with longer 
 hair. The throat is clean without a frill, though thickly clothed with hair. The chest is 
 capacious, but the back is often slack and weak, though in some specimens there is a 
 fine development of muscle. The legs should be bony and straight, and the fore and 
 hind legs are thickly feathered, but not to any great length. The feet are large and wide, 
 with thin soles, toes being generally flat, rendering the dog unable to run at a fast pace, 
 as he becomes foot-sore. The height of the dog should be at least 25 inches. Beyond 
 this, however, is a merit rather than a defect. The color should be black, the richer the 
 better, but a rusty stain is so common in the native breed that it should not be penalized. 
 The jet black is, however, so handsome that it should count above the rusty stain in judg- 
 ing two dogs. A white star on the breast is often met with, but the white and black 
 color exhibited in the Landseer type never occurs in a true Newfoundland. The coat 
 of the Newfoundland is shaggy without much under-coat, but it is so thick and oily that 
 it takes some time for the water to reach the skin through it. There is often a natural 
 parting down the back, and the surface is very glossy. The tail is long and gently curled 
 on one side, not carried high, clothed thickly with long hair, which is quite bushy and is 
 often naturally parted down the middle. 
 
RUSSIAN WOLFHOUND CHAMPION " GRUBIAN." 
 
 The property of Charles Stedman Hanks, Esq., Seacroft Kennels, Manchester by the Sea, Mass. 
 
 RUSSIAN ^A/'OLFHOUNDS. 
 
 BY CHARLES STEDMAN HANKS, ESQ. 
 
 THE Russian Wolfhound is a dog new to this country. He is tall and iwble looking, 
 and because of his beauty of form and outline, majestic bearing and carriage, is fast 
 becoming, both in America as well as in England, one of the most popular of dogs. A 
 true wolfhound has the same disposition as a collie, is quite as gentle, and is very fond 
 of children. In general appearance he is strikingly handsome and of the deerhound 
 type, and while he is not quite so powerful in build, he is infinitely more graceful and 
 shows considerably more quality. To look at his intelligent, winning and confiding 
 expression, his long rakish head, so airy in carriage and aristocratic in bearing ; his long, 
 narrow, delicately chiselled skull ; his clearly cut and tapering muzzel ; his gracefully 
 arched neck firmly set into deep shoulders ; his narrow but deep chest, giving him the 
 necessary proportion of heart room, and making him equal to the swiftest greyhound ; 
 his sloping back, elegantly arched loin, and long tail fringed with glossy silk hair : his 
 legs straight and shapely in form ; his feet well arched ; his strong hind-quarters, with 
 muscles evenly distributed ; his body covered with a long silky coat, — all these add 
 greatly to his beauty, and we have a dog which has substantial claims to be considered 
 one of the handsomest varieties of the canine race. Although in general make-up he 
 may be said to be of the greyhound or deerhound type, yet he differs in the following 
 especially noticeable characteristics : First in order to possess the most requisite 
 essential — speed — he can neither be too heavy nor too coarse, hence he must have 
 flat bones and dryness of make-up. He does not therefore have the rounded barrel or 
 the broad loin of the greyhound. This quality of dryness is one of the most marked 
 characteristics of the breed, and by dryness I mean the absence, as far as possible, of all 
 tissue that does not give strength and hardness. For example, the legs should be thin 
 like the ideal race horse and should show little except muscle and sinew between the skin 
 and the bone. Then, too, the muscles of the body should be long and well distributed 
 rather than bunched, and in this respect we find one of the radical distinctions of form 
 from the greyhound. A second important difference is the enormous arch or roach of 
 the back, and this among Russian breeders is thought to be essential to getting speed for 
 a short distance and in getting power in knocking over fleeing game. A third character- 
 
22 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 istic and one which is impossible to describe, and which is found neither in the grey- 
 hound nor any other breed of dog, is the spring at or just prior to the moment of laying 
 hold. As a hunting dog he is not yet well known in this country, but in Russia he is 
 used almost exclusively for hares, foxes and wolves, and is considered to be without an 
 equal for speed and courage. As a companion and pet he is rapidly growing in favor 
 both in this country and in all the European countries. Whether following on foot, 
 horseback or in carriage, he is beautiful and graceful, and is now considered one of the 
 best dogs as a " chien de luxe." 
 
 THE SCOTCH DEERHOUND CHAMPION, " CHIEFTAIN ■' (12,192). 
 
 The property of John E. Thayer, Esq., Hillside Kennels, Lancaster, Mass. 
 
 SCOTCH DEERHOUNDS. 
 
 BY JOHN E. THAYER, ESQ. 
 
 THIS species of dog is one of the oldest and purest in existence, and has been used 
 longest for hunting ; yet, strangely enough, is the one least known to sportsmen and 
 naturalists to-day. 
 
 The breed was at one time nearly extinct, but is now comparatively plentiful in 
 both England and Scotland, owing to the care taken by proprietors of large preserves to 
 collect and breed these noble dogs. 
 
 The deerhound has great strength, and is a swift runner and graceful jumper. His 
 frame, although covered with a shaggy coat, is as elegant as that of the greyhound, and 
 
SCOTCH DEERHOUNDS. 23 
 
 his speed nearly as great, but, owing to his superior size, he is unable to make such 
 
 quick turns. .,,,•, 
 
 His head is long and lean, widest behind the ears, and is carried particularly high, 
 giving him a noble appearance. He has a long, arched neck, short ears somewhat pen- 
 dulous at the tips, and very bright, penetrating eyes half hidden by hair. He tapers 
 Gradually toward the powerfully formed loins ; he has exceedingly muscular limbs, round 
 and firmly set feet, and well-developed quarters. His general appearance is strikingly 
 
 aristocratic. 
 
 The height of the dog should be from 29 to 31 inches; his girth about 34 inches; 
 the forearm, below the elbow, should measure 814; inches, and he should weigh from 95 
 to no pounds. The disproportion in size between the sexes is greater than in any 
 other breed of dogs. The female should be 26 inches in height, 29 in girth, and should 
 weigh from 65 to 75 pounds. 
 
 The coat should be coarse and thick, and three or four inches long. 
 The color varies from nearly black through dark brindle, blue, light brindle, gray, 
 fawn and cream of all shades to white. The dark brindle are commonest in this country. 
 Their scent is remarkably keen : these dogs have been known to follow a wounded 
 deer for two successive days. When slipped at a wounded deer they pursue it by scent, 
 the nose lowered as they run ; and when it is brought to bay they utter low, sharp barks, 
 which are continued till the master appears. 
 
 Some breeders made a cross with the bull-dog, thus obtaining more courage, but 
 also the peculiarity of the bull-dog, which is to make the attack at the head. So many 
 valuable dogs were killed by rushing at the stag's head, that this cross was abandoned. 
 
 Dr. Van Hummell, one of the oldest deerhound breeders in this country, in an article 
 about deerhounds, says : " In this animal we have the aristocrat of all the canine race. 
 He is the best guard, the best companion, and is capable of giving us more royal sport 
 than any other breed of sporting dogs. He has stronger attachment for his master or 
 mistress, will fight for him or her quicker and more desperately, will never forget them, 
 and when taken to the field he can run fast enough to catch an antelope, coyote, deer or 
 elk, and can kill either of them alone and unaided." 
 
 THE GREYHOUND. 
 
 FROM DATA FURNISHED BY A BREEDER. 
 
 THE greyhound is one of the oldest varieties of dogs, and is said by Holmshed to 
 have been introduced into England about 25 B.C. In ancient times only the nobility 
 were allowed to keep greyhounds, and so strict were the laws, that the killing of a dog ot 
 this breed was punishable with death. Under the old English game laws no one could 
 course with greyhounds unless they were possessed of property to the value of one hun- 
 dred pounds per annum, and this of necessity restricted the keeping of these dogs to the 
 very wealthy classes, resulting in the breeding of a fine race of animals. Climate seems 
 to make no difference with the breed, they being equally at home in all altitudes. 
 
 The greyhound should have speed, courage, strength, and great endurance. Natur- 
 ally of an affectionate disposition, thev are agreeable companions, while their pertect 
 symmetry and gracefulness make them a pleasure to their owners. The greyhound has 
 been exceedingly popular in this country of late years, and it has been prophesied that 
 they will shortly bring here as much as is sometimes given for them m England, where 
 they sell, for some strains, at fabulous prices. A typical dog has been described as toi- 
 lows : '' The head should be wide behind and larger over the ears than over the eyebrovvs, 
 while the jaw should be lean, with good muscular development on the cheek. e 
 
 teeth should be good (in young dogs free from tartar), and of the whiteness of ivory. 
 
24 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 THE GREYHOUND, "PEDRO." 
 
 The Property of D. F. Hackett, Esq., Roxbury, Mass. 
 
 this latter being a mark of good breeding. The eyes are bright, tolerably full, and may 
 vary in color. The chest and neck should be strong and muscular, as it is here that 
 most of the power required find the staying qualities ; the muscles which compose the 
 back should run well forward towards the shoulder blades, leaving a long ridge of 
 muscle standing up above the ribs on each side of the spine, this latter being an impor- 
 tant point, which almost every good greyhound exhibits. Its absence betokens great 
 weakness and want of endurance, for, though the dog may be fast without it, he is sel- 
 dom able to continue his speed. The fore and hind quarters should be supple and easy 
 of extension, this being a fine point which should be kept well in view. The color 
 varies, — fawn or cream, blue fawn, fawn brindle, blue brindle, etc. The hair may be 
 coarse or fine, but care should be taken not to have it a woolly fur." 
 
 THE BEAGLE HOUND. 
 
 BY H. VERNER JAMIESON, ESQ. 
 
 BEAGLE is a word of Celtic origin, meaning little, small, and as the name implies, this 
 hound is of diminutive size. The standard, as adopted by the American-English Beagle 
 Club in 1884, and by its surviving successor in 1S91, calls for a hound "solid and big for 
 his inches, a miniature foxhound." This last, a miniature foxhound, can only mean the 
 general body characteristic, as the head formation is entirely different, muzzle being 
 shorter, eyes larger and more prominent, with a soft, pleading expression, skull domed 
 at the occiput. In height these hounds should not exceed fifteen inches at the shoulder. 
 
THE BEAGLE HOUND. 
 
 25 
 
 Stonehenge, the English authority, places the standard of height at sixteen inches, and 
 describes them more as a dwarfed harrier. 
 
 These hounds were originally imported from England, and among the prominent 
 breeders of the '70's was Gen. Rowett, whose imported Sam and Dolly were the founda- 
 tion of the " Rowett Strain," and this same Imp. Sam and Imp. Dolly appear in nearly 
 every American bred Beagle of prominence to-day. Another breeder was N. Elmore, 
 of Granby, Conn., who imported Ringwood. His Flute stock proved themselves hunters, 
 and many New England Beagle owners to-day have much of this blood in their kennels. 
 For hunting the hare or rabbit, the Beagle is pre-eminently ahead of any breed; where 
 sport is the end in view, and the size of the bag only considered in proportion to the 
 
 THE BEAGLE HOUND, "BOWMAN 
 
 (13,716). 
 
 The Property of H. Verner Jamieson, Esq., Forest Beagle Kennels, Melrose, Mass. 
 
 pleasure in obtaining it, the Beagle is a most helpful adjunct to the sportsman's outfit. 
 Their size, keenness of scent, and musical note when trailing, the great endurance and 
 staying qualities making them able to cope with the most astute bunny. 
 
 Beagles were allowed to deteriorate in this respect, and although many doubdess 
 were used in the field, nevertheless many bench winners were notoriously deficient m 
 field qualities. This led to two types, the field and bench-show Beagle. The latter 
 sometimes had the former's qualities and vice versa. But the combination of the two 
 in one dog was the marked exception to the rule. 
 
 But the advent of field trials, held under the auspices of the National Beagle Club 
 in 1890, clearly demonstrated the hunting qualities of these litde hounds, and led 
 breeders to pause and think, and finally come to the wise conclusion that the field and 
 bench Beagles might be combined, and this in the near future will be accomplished. 
 
26 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 It certainly looks well for the field Beagle in the future, as one field trial, held under 
 many discouragements and against even the ridicule and satire of some, was so pro- 
 nounced a success in 1890, that this year, 1894, four field trials have every prospect of 
 being held, and the good work still goes on. That these field trials will be held at four 
 widely separated portions of the country shows that the interest is not confined to one 
 locality, but is reaching every section where the Beagle is owned. As a house-dog, the 
 Beagle is received with great favor. His many good quaHties appeal to dog lovers, 
 and those contemplating owning a house-dog could not do better than to adopt this 
 grand little dog. His quiet disposition, willingness to learn any task, diminutive size, 
 and general attractiveness, wins the way to many homes. In future let us hope much of 
 this grand little hound. 
 
 THE AMERICAN FOXHOUND CHAMPION, "FEMUR" (23.371). 
 
 Bred and owned by Dr. H. T. Thurber, Providence, R. ). 
 
 THE AMERICAN FOXHOUND. 
 
 BY DR. H. T. THURBER. 
 
 SAGACITY, endurance, speed, the very highest development of scenting powers, 
 coupled with an indomitable courage and determination are essential in an ideal 
 American foxhound. The small hound will be found to possess much greater endur- 
 ance and a higher general average of speed in long runs than large dogs, while their 
 size and weight renders them less liable to footsoreness. 
 
 The points of a model foxhound, with their respective value, are as follows : the 
 head should be moderately long and narrow, slightly domed, with prominent occipital 
 bone and entirely free from wrinkle ; eye dark brown, full and expressive ; muzzle mod- 
 erately long, well developed and clean cut, without any marked or defined stop ; flews 
 shallow and receding from the nose ; the nose black in color, with open nostrils ; the 
 ear set well back on the head and of good thickness ; their length from tip to tip should 
 
7 'HE DA CHS HUM) . 
 
 27 
 
 correspond with the dog's height at shoulder; neck clean, muscular, and tapering from 
 head to shoulder ; the head and neck have a value of thirty points ; the body and loins 
 have a value of twenty points ; the chest is deep and capacious, with close, well-rounded 
 ribs, while the back ribs are well defined ; the hindquarters and back are strong and 
 muscular; the thighs are well spread, while the shoulders are firm, upright, strong and 
 clean cut ; the fore legs straight with plenty of bone and muscle ; there should be a 
 slight enlargement of bone at the pastern joint to give strength ; the elbows should be 
 well let down to give freedom of motion in running, while the hind legs should spread 
 sufficiently to clear the front legs in running, and the hams should be straight behind ; 
 the feet should be round and compact, well cushioned and haired between the toes, 
 with high, prominent knuckles ; the tail, which has a value of ten points, should be set 
 on moderately high, large at the base and tapering gradually to a point, while showing a 
 decided brush ; the coat should be long, dense, rather harsh to touch, perfectly fiat, and 
 of a wet-resisting nature ; a value of ten points is placed upon the coat. The general ap- 
 pearance, which has a value of ten points, is: the dogs should stand from 19 to 21 
 inches at shoulder, and the bitches from 18 to 20. They should present in appearance 
 a compactly built dog, symmetrical in shape, with the very best of legs and feet, while 
 in formation of head and length of ears they should show plenty of true hound charac- 
 ter. As to color, although by many this is considered a matter of little or no importance, 
 I am partial to black, white and tan, the black predominating, which certainly adds 
 much to the general appearance. 
 
 THE DACHSHUND. 
 
 BY EDWARD A. MANICE, ESQ. 
 
 THE Dachshund is wrongfully thought by many to owe its peculiar construction of 
 fore legs to disease, whereas many traces are found of dogs with the same crooked 
 fore legs having existed in Egypt at least 1000 years B.C. In modern times the dachshund 
 seems most popular in Germany ; until of late years little care seems to have been taken 
 in that country in its breeding, and it naturally deteriorated ; so we must turn to England 
 to find it nearest the true type. Though introduced there only of late years, great time 
 and money has been expended by the lovers of this breed, and they have been well re- 
 warded in their efforts, and have established a fine hound type. As to speed, endurance, 
 and grit, the dachshund has been very generally underestimated. Covered, as he should 
 be, with a mass of muscle, deep in the chest, with great strength of jaw, he is no mean 
 antagonist. Some few recognize three distinct types, the toy, the terrier, and the hound ; 
 of these, however, but one is true, and that the hound type, the others being worthless 
 and considered by many to be but little better than curs. The dachshund is used and 
 meant for tracking game, and not baiting the badger and other savage animals. The 
 dachshund should be long and narrow in head, which should be covered with a rather 
 loose skin, so as to wrinkle when " at attention " ; the skull is conical, with the peak well 
 developed ; jaw long and level, and very powerful, with large teeth. The ears are set 
 on low, and should be long, broad, and very soft. There is no stop. The shoulders 
 should be very muscular and large, but pliable, the broad chest hanging well down ; with 
 well developed and prominent breast-bone, and it should take a decided curve as it turns 
 up towards the very short hind ribs. The thighs should be large and covered with well 
 developed muscle. The fore legs very short ; bent in at knees, and there turned outward ; 
 they should be immense in bone and power ; fore feet large, well cushioned and turned 
 out. Hind legs much longer, and lighter in bone than fore legs ; cow-hocks not detri- 
 mental. The tail should be carried low and be fine ; some prefer straight and some a 
 
28 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 curved tail ; the former I believe correct. The skin should be very thick and loose, and 
 the coat of fine, dense texture. The color should be either tan, fawn, black and tan, 
 liver or liver and tan. We sometimes see a solid black, but tan is the most preferred in 
 this country. The weight should be from i6 to 22 lbs. Dachshunds are faulty, as a rule, 
 in weakness of knees, heads too short and broad, and in a tendency to be out at elbows. 
 
 THE DACHSHUND CHAMPION, " JANETT " (23,547). 
 
 The Property of Edward A. Manice, Esq., Wildrush Kennels, Pittsfield, Mass. 
 
 and general unsoundness. As a hunting dog, he is considered to surpass all others in 
 keenness of scent ; showing wonderful intelligence and determination, but is headstrong. 
 As a pet he comes very near perfection, not at all quarrelsome ; clean, affectionate, and 
 withal a very good watch-dog. 
 
 THE BASSET. 
 
 BY EDWARD A. MANICK, ESQ. 
 
 AS this breed is known to me, it differs but little froni the dachshund, except in size 
 and disposition. In France, their native country, about all small hounds are called 
 Bassets; however, it is possible to distinguish three varieties, and these again can be sub- 
 divided. First, there is the Basset with "crooked legs," then the Basset with " half- 
 crooked legs," and the straight-legged Basset ; of these, however, I believe the second to 
 be only a cross between the others. These mentioned classes can be divided again ac- 
 cording to the length of their coats, namely, " smooth-coated," " rough-coated," and 
 
THE CHESAPEAKE BAY DOGS. 29 
 
 a third class, " half rough and half smooth " ; the latter I believe to be about the same as 
 the " half-crooked legs," viz., a cross between the others. This breed is generally spoken 
 of as having immense courage, great intelligence, and very fine hunting <iuahties, and I 
 know several gentlemen who so think, who do not allow a breed to pass into their hands 
 without a severe trial. I have been very unsuccessful with the few I have handled and 
 owned • to me they are sadly lacking in courage and intelligence. The Basset has never 
 been introduced in any numbers into this country, for the pubUc do not seem to fancy 
 what few have been seen here. In France they are used to hunt, and very successfully ; 
 they are the slowest of all hounds,— lam speaking of the -crooked-legged" ones, — but 
 have wonderful powers of scent. They are used much the same as spaniels to hunt 
 covers and drive to gun. Many French peasants use these dogs to hunt, or rather find, 
 truffles at which they are very successful, owing to their wonderful nose. In hunting 
 these dogs in a pack, they will not, as soon as one finds, follow him and trust to him, as 
 ordinary hounds, but seem to put implicit faith in themselves, and each one will work 
 out and follow the trail regardless of the others ; on this account they are not often seen 
 in large packs, but generally hunting in couples. As to characteristics, they differ from 
 the dachshund (in so far as I have seen) only in size, color, bone, and more pronounced 
 style of head. Of all things the Basset must have an immense amount of bone ; m fact 
 I believe no other breed can compare with them in this respect. They must be very 
 low, and have immensely thick, crooked legs, while their fore feet, which turn out, seem 
 to be a mass of joints ; their coat is very thick and dense, and they should be tri-color, 
 black tan and white. Their heads are much more of the bloodhound type than the 
 dachshund ; viz., conical and very high, peaked skull. The ears are exceedingly long and 
 soft and set very low ; eyes of medium size, and exceedingly soft m expression with 
 quite a bit of the haw showing. Their weight should be from 40 to 50 lbs. In the 
 above I have kept to and described the " crooked-legged " Basset, as being the most 
 worthy of attention, and more commonly known in this country. 
 
 THE CHESAPEAKE BAY DOGS. 
 
 BY B. ALTON SMITH, ESQ. 
 
 'THE Chesapeake Bay dogs (duck dogs) are natural land and water retrievers, and are 
 1 used extensively for wild-fowl shooting off the shores of the Chesapeake Bay, Mary- 
 land, from whose shores and waters their origin and name were founded. He should be 
 a strong, powerfully built dog, showing great substance, with no tendency to weakness. 
 His head should be broad at base, tapering to nose, with little or no cheekness fair 
 length of muzzle. Eyes of yellow color, ears small, placed well up on head ^eck 
 strong and muscular. Body rather thick-set. Legs of large size, not at all lengthy, with 
 elbows let well down. Feet large and well webbed. A Chesapeake should measure 
 about 2X inches, not more, over shoulders, and weigh about 65 lbs. A more weighty 
 dog is suggestive of clumsiness. Their color (light sedge) should harmomze with the 
 color of wet sedge grass, in which they are designed to work. The hair should be short 
 on head, ears, flanks, legs and feet, the two hinder being devoid of feathering Un tne 
 back, where it is longest (not over one and one-quarter inches), the hair should be wavy, 
 not curly, extending from over the shoulders to tip of tail ; under all this should be a 
 dense under or otter-coat, making the skin impervious to water. , . , , . , , 
 At this writing, the characteristic working qualities combined with their natural 
 severe-weather resisting propensides, the breed is extending far westward and northeily 
 into the Canadian borders. The founding of this breed dates to the year 1807, when 
 a male and female pup (Newfoundland breed, one a dingy red, the other a black) were 
 
so 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 CHESAPEAKE BAY DOG, " BIGELOW'S ROSE." 
 
 The property of Dr. W. Sturgiss Bigelow, Al De Ber Kennels, North Attleboro, Mass. 
 
 landed on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, by Mr. George Law, called 
 "Sailor" and "Canton" ; and doubdess by subsequent crosses with water spaniels, they 
 have since that distant date become characterized to their field of usefulness. 
 
 THE POINTER, 
 
 ADRIAN C. PICKHARDT, ESQ. 
 
 HTHIS most beautiful and useful breed of dogs is descended from what was known as 
 1 the old Spanish Pointer, some of which were brought to England, and by careful 
 breeding and by a few crosses of foxhound blood, the breed has been brought to its 
 present standard, and the pointer of to-day far excels in beauty, speed, stamina and 
 working ability his lumbering though reliable ancestor. 
 
 Speaking more especially of pointers in America, and in making a little review of 
 what has been done in this country, we find that many years ago some EngUsh gentle- 
 men brought over with them some very excellent dogs, and their blood can be found 
 to-day in the section around Norfolk, Virginia. Some good dogs were also imported and 
 went to different localities in Texas, while several sportsmen living in New York State 
 and on Long Island imported some very excellent dogs for their own use. The first real 
 step toward improving the breed, however, was taken by the St. Louis Kennel Club, 
 when they imported the well-known Faust, Beau Keswick, Drake, Jessamine, Jaunty and 
 others. The Club itself never bred much, but the blood of these dogs figures promi- 
 
THE POINTER. 3 I 
 
 nently in the pedigrees of many of our best dogs of to-day. Faust got several good 
 ones, that grand bitch Belle Faust being his best. Beau got several fair ones ; his best 
 was PJeaufort, a dog that many think was the best |)ointer America has ever seen, lieaufort 
 in the stud did not prove a success, and he has left little if anything of superior quality. 
 The Westminster Kennel Club then went into pointers and imported several, among 
 others, Sensation, Bang-Bang, and Moonstone, the latter in whelp to the celebrated 
 English dog Tory. Sensation left a few good descendants. Bang- Bang, however, proved 
 a far better sire, and his blood is highly valued to-day. From Moonstone's litter by 
 Tory we had the celebrated dogs Tammany, Madstone, and Luckystone, all of whom 
 have done their share to improve the breed. About the time the Westminster Kennel 
 Club imported their dogs, a Mr. A. E. Goddefroy imported Croxteth ; this dog proved a 
 marked success as a stud dog, and I believe that our best field dogs to-day have a larger 
 
 From Harpers Wiekiy. Copyright, 1894, by Harper & Brothers. 
 
 THE POINTER, "PRINCE REGENT" (30,796). 
 
 The Property of the Rinada Pointer Kennels, Adrian C. Pickhardt, Esq., Proprietor. 
 
 percentage of his blood than that of any other dog; while many of our best bench 
 show animals are descended from him. Col. Orgill of Brooklyn was also at this time 
 making quite a reputation with his lemon and whites. Rush and Rose ; these dogs, though 
 very pretty and nice little animals, did not leave any marked impress on the breed in 
 general. 
 
 And now we come to 18S4, the time when the Graphic Kennels imported their 
 crack lot of dogs selected from England's best. It would not be possible in this short 
 article to recite each and every one of the winnings of this kennel ; merely suffice it to 
 say that they won everywhere, and that in ninety per cent of the winning dogs to-day in 
 the field and on the bench, if we look into their pedigrees, we will find a preponderance 
 of the blood of this kennel. Nell of Efford, one of the brood bitches imported, only 
 had one litter in this country before she died, and all of that litter succumbed before 
 they were many weeks old. It may be interesting to some to know that at this writing, 
 Graphic, Bracket, Meally, Lad of Bow, Revel III., Lass of Bow, Bloomo, Nell of Efford, 
 all the original importation of this celebrated kennel barring one, are dead. Graphic, the 
 last one to die, passed away to the happy hunting-grounds on the very day that President 
 
\ 
 
 / 
 
 32 THE DOG. 
 
 Carnot of the French Republic was assassinated. The only surviving member of the 
 Graphic Kennels is Beppo III., a dog that has done as much to improve the breed of 
 pointers as any dog that ever stood in this country. 
 
 Several other gentlemen imported excellent dogs, among which might be mentioned 
 that grand old dog Duke of Hessen and the well-known bitch Woolton Game, Pontiac, 
 Molton Banner, Sandford, Druid, Luck of the Goat, Vandevoort's Don, Osborn Ale, Old 
 Donald, Naso of Kippen, and King Kent, who, when bred to that little imported bitch 
 Hops, produced such good ones as Rip Rap, Barmaid, Maid of Kent, Exile, and others. 
 I might say here in parenthesis that King of Kent is full brother in blood to Beppo III., 
 the dog already mentioned. All of the above-mentioned dogs have done more or less 
 to improve the character and quality of the breed. 
 
 To-day in America we have just as fine dogs as our English cousins have ; take 
 such dogs as Lad of Kent, Lady Gay Spanker and many others, and it would be dif- 
 ficult for England to show as good, much less better ones. The pointer standard, which 
 in England is the same as ours, calls for a good -sized dog having a nice, clean-cut head, 
 square muzzle, hazel eye, clean neck well set on sloping clean shoulders, a good depth of 
 chest, good straight legs, cat feet, and a stem that must be fine at the point and carried 
 as nearly as possible on the level with the back. The most prominent faults our 
 American bred pointers have are heavy loaded shoulders, feet that are not straight under 
 them but that turn out at the toes, poor pasterns, and too open feet. In closing this 
 short article, I would advise breeders generally throughout this country to breed more 
 for substance than we have been doing ; our dogs are getting too small, too light through- 
 out, especially light in bone. We must have size and substance as well as quality if we 
 wish to keep the pointer in the high position he holds to-day for his usefulness and 
 ability, and every inch of him looks a gendeman. 
 
 THE GORDON SETTER. 
 
 BY A MEMBER OF THE GORDON SETTER CLUB OF AMERICA. 
 
 PROBABLY, if we could overhaul the " fugitive " literature of old times, we would find 
 many references to the different breeds of sporting dogs, which would help us out 
 greatly in our efforts to trace up their origin. But enough has been resurrected to show 
 us that the history of the Gordon setter takes us very far back. Among the " spaniels," 
 as they were called, which were taught to " set " as assistants to throwing the net over 
 birds (how plenty game must have been in those days !) in the fifteenth century, were 
 black and tan or Gordons. And Lee, in his book on dogs, from which I shall often 
 quote, mentions a painting by Albrecht Diirer (who died in 1528), in which, in the 
 corner, is depicted a black, tan and white setter, greatly resembling many of the modern 
 type. About 1655, Gervaise Blackham alludes to black and fallow (tan) dogs and their 
 endurance in the field ; and a writer in 1776, who calls himself " a gentleman of Suffolk, 
 a staunch sportsman," says that, 50 years before he wrote, there were "two distinct 
 tribes of setting dogs, the black tanned, and the orange or lemon and white." Syden- 
 ham Edwards, in 1805, in " Cynographia Britannica," gives an illustration of three setters, 
 one of which is black and tan. This most beautiful of all setters derived his name, 
 some seventy years ago, from a noted strain of black and tans then kept at Gordon Castle 
 by the Duke of Gordon. " There is also a very old strain of Gordons kept pure for 
 eighty years by the Earls of Cawdor, at Cawdor Castle, and valued highly ; handsome 
 dogs and reliable to shoot over. And at Beaufort Castle, Lord Lovat has a similar strain 
 which has been in his family for many generations. In 1S37, after the death of the Duke 
 of Gordon, five and a half brace, a draft from his kennels, sold at Tattersall's, by auction, 
 
THE GORDON SETTER. 
 
 33 
 
 for 417 guineas. Many of the noted kennels seem to have obtained their dogs at one 
 time or another from Gordon Castle. A writer in " The Dogs of Scotland " says, the 
 strain " had spaniel-like ears, excellent legs and feet, with wealth of coat and feather, 
 beautiful heads, and well set on sterns. As workmen they were undeniable ; and when 
 the writer used them on the moors, twenty-five or thirty years ago, they could easily have 
 held their own with any modern cracks. They were not fast, but excellent in staying 
 powers, keeping on steadily from morning until night ; had good noses, and seldom made 
 a false point." Many of the Gordon Castle strain were black and white, but the aim 
 of breeders now is for black and tan only. At some time a cross with the bloodhound 
 may have taken place, as we occasionally see quite a resemblance in the Gordon head, 
 but very seldom do we need any evidence of the collie crop said to have been made at 
 Gordon Castle; for, as a rule, Gordons have square, broad noses. "Idstone's" Kent 
 
 THE GORDON SETTER CHAMPION, "BEAUMONT." 
 
 The Property of James B. Blossom, Esq., Beaumont Kennels, New York. 
 
 and Rex, and several other Gordons, made great names as fielders in England, in their 
 day. Mr. Chapman of Glenboig, Scotland, lets out his Gordons for shooting on the 
 moors there, and he now owns the best and most noted Gordons in Europe. While 
 owning and exhibiting many other dogs, he " considers them equal to any other race of 
 setter he ever used." He has also frequently won the team prize, his brace of Gordons 
 having beaten all comers in that competition in the Enghsh Kennel Club show in June 
 1892, and at Crystal Palace a few months later. He has repeated his wins since. Mr. 
 Van de Putte, Guatemalan consul at Ghent, writes me a very interesting account of the 
 Gordon setter in Belgium, from which I find the breed to have won a good place in the 
 field-trials there, and on the bench. In America, Gordons have been much used and 
 valued highly, in private shooting, for their keenness and delicacy of scent, endurance, 
 and tractable natures, joined to a very retentive memory ; once trained, they recollect 
 it. They have not appeared often in public field -trials, — even less so than Irish setters ; 
 but, with a tithe of the attention in breaking and breeding from pubUc field-trial whining 
 dogs for 20 years past, and lavish use of money, spent upon English setters and pointers, 
 Gordons would doubtless soon take a very high rank. Now that a reaction is setting in 
 against field-trials where speed seems to have been the great requisite and retrieving and 
 thorough breaking actual handicaps, a well- trained Gordon will have a chance to prove 
 his value. I hope that the time is coming when the same qualities will be demanded 
 for winning in public trials as for private hunting, and it will not be necessary to keep a 
 
34 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 dog for each. If it don't come soon, public field-trials are doomed. Undeniably the 
 handsomest dogs of any breed that exists, Gordons, I think, have the finest nose of any 
 of the bird dogs. As the Gordon Setter Club of England says, " a splendid intelligence, 
 fine scenting powers and great endurance are their main characteristics, joined to a lovely 
 color. Among Gordon Setters in America, Champion Beaumont (imported, died in 
 April, '93) was probably the most typical specimen and perhaps the handsomest ever 
 exhibited, except possibly Mr. J. Forman Taylor's champion " Turk " (died in 1886). 
 Beaumont was also stylish and excellent in the field. His long list of prizes won in 
 Great Britain, making him champion there, was confirmed here by so many wins (mak- 
 ing him champion in America also) that it seemed almost unfair to the " rising genera- 
 tion " of Gordons to continue exhibiting him at shows. Bellmont (the "peerless" as 
 she has been called) was imported by Dr. I. H. Meyer of New York, from Great Britain, 
 where she was champion, and soon took the same rank here, winning even over Beau- 
 mont at Baltimore. Champion Heather Bee, also imported by Dr. Meyer, has been pro- 
 nounced by Mr. Taylor, the breeder of champion Turk before alluded to, to be even 
 handsomer. She, with Bellmont and JJeaumont, challenger's Heather York (imported) 
 and Flomont, and several other winners in public field trials and bench shows, made up the 
 present " P3eaumont Kennels," of New York City. Dr. S. G. Dixon, of Philadelphia, owns a 
 noted kennel of Gordons comprising champions Ivanhoe, Duchess of Waverly and 
 several others of great beauty and renown in bench shows. Other fine Gordons are 
 Heather Lad, Ranger B. and Rexmont. There is a promising future before the Gordon, 
 if owners will but spend as much trouble, time and money on breeding for field-trials as 
 they have in making him the handsomest dog in our shows. This remark could also 
 be profitably applied by owners of Irish setters to the advantage of their favorite. Both 
 breeds, as Dr. Wm. Jarvis, the great authority on Irish setters, says, are "as handsome as 
 they can be, and handsome enough. Now let us try to make them as good in the field." 
 The skull should be lighter than in old type, clean cut, occiput well defined ; a decided 
 stop between the eyes, from eye to occiput should be from 5 to 5^ inches in length; 
 muzzle straight from eyes to end of the nose, from corner of eye to end of nose 4 inches 
 in length ; nostrils full and wide, nose black, jaws exactly even in length. Eyes medium 
 size, deep brown, mild and expressive. Ears, set low, lie flat, without tendency to prick, 
 and longer than in other breeds of setters, thin in leather, well coated with fine silky 
 hair with little wave ; neck of good length, clean and racy ; shoulder deep and strong ; 
 chest flat between fore legs, moderately deep and narrow ; back short and straight with 
 loins strong and slightly arched ; fore legs straight, strong in bone, elbows standing close 
 to the chest, but not under it ; the feet round, hard arched and well padded with hair 
 between the toes ; the cat foot should have prominence ; stern set on slightly below the 
 line of back and carried in very nearly a straight line from the body ; the flag fine and 
 straight ; the color should be a rich glossy plum-black with deep senna or dark mahogany, 
 tan markings, clearly defined and without admixture of black, though a little penciling 
 of black on the toes is admissible ; the tan should show on lips, cheek, throat, spot over 
 the eyes, under side of each ear, on front of chest, on feet and legs, also at vent, but 
 must not extend into flag more than three inches ; the tan should show nearly to elbows 
 on inside of hind legs ; the feather should run down to feet on fore legs and to hocks on 
 hind legs, only slightly feathered below the hocks. An American (jordon Setter should 
 not be cast aside or disqualified with a white frill, though white on feet or tail is a 
 blemish. 
 
THE IRISH SETTER CHAMPION, "TIM" (5815). 
 
 The Property of the Seminole Ker\nels, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 IRISH SETTERS. 
 
 BY AN OLD BREEDER. 
 
 THE beauties of this noble dog would fill more pages than allotted me here if I 
 should begin to name them. Suffice to say, imagine an animal superb in shape, 
 intelligent in face, with a magnificent suit of rich, dark, mahogany red. He is full of 
 fire, quick and active, with a sweet disposition, and is the best of companions in the 
 field. The Irish setter has great speed, activity, endurance, and is capable of with- 
 standing severe fatigue, wet and cold. The typical dog is well described as one " whose 
 coat should be coarse for hard work, smooth and not wavy or curly. On the upper 
 parts of the body the hair should ^e of moderate length, the foot half tawny, the tip 
 half deep senna, appearing as if stained with port wine, but never showing black on the 
 ears, head, back and tail. The legs and under parts are deep or pale tawny, while 
 white should not appear anywhere except in the center of the forehead and the center 
 of the breast. The ears should be long, reaching to the end of the hair at the nose, 
 pendulous, and as if lying in a fold, set well back and low on the head. They should 
 never be set high, short in length, or half diamond-shaped, while their feather should 
 be moderate. The eye is of a rich hazel or bright brown, well set, full, kind, sensible 
 and loving, the iris being mahogany color. The nose is mahogany, dark flesh or blackish 
 mahogany, never black or pink. The whiskers red, and the head itself long and nar- 
 row, yet wide in the forehead and arched in the peaked cranium behind. A short 
 bullet head, a wide flat one, or one running to a point at the snout is very common 
 and very bad, the lips deep or moderately so. The chest ribs deep, the loins long 
 and moderately wide, while the belly is well tucked up. The fore legs should be straight, 
 moderately feathered, and the feet close and small. The ham straight, flat and muscu- 
 
 35 
 
36 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 lar, feathered well with buff-colored hair. The tail, carried in a horizontal line with 
 the back, should be well covered with coarse hair, curling along the tip, and hanging 
 moderately though bushy from beneath." 
 
 THE ENGLISH SETTER, "KENT II." 
 
 The Property of the Cohannet Kennels, East Taunton, Mass, 
 
 ENGLISH SETTERS. 
 
 FROM DATA FURNISHED BY A BREEDER. 
 
 THE English Setter is described as follows : " A long, narrow head but high at the 
 forehead ; nose, large and wide, showing an inclination to fall inwards towards the 
 eyes. The jaws are strong, nostrils very moist ; ears six inches long, set on low, hanging 
 close to the head and well feathered with silky hair. He should have a long, thin neck 
 (with slight arch), well covered with muscle, while his shoulders should be deep and sloping, 
 elbows well let down, and the forearm and leg straight and strong. The soles are thick 
 and strong, with cat-like feet. The chest is deep, the body long and muscular with 
 well-developed thighs ; the tail is set well up on the back, without the slightest curl, 
 while the feather is flat, long and silky." The coat must be fine and silky, though hard 
 to the touch. The weight is usually from 50 to 70 lbs., and the height, at the top of 
 the shoulder, from 22 to 24 inches. The color in the setter varies considerably, and is 
 not much insisted upon. The following are the usual ones met with : ist, black and 
 white ticked with large splashes, and more or less marked with black known as blue 
 belton ; 2d, orange and white freckled, known as orange belton ; 3d, plain orange or 
 lemon and white ; 4th, liver and white ; 5th, black and white, with slight tan markings ; 
 6th, black and white ; 7th, liver and white ; 8th, pure white ; 9th, black ; 10th, liver ; 
 nth, red or yellow. The English setter is an affectionate companion, easily trained, an 
 excellent hunter, and his beaming eyes shine with intelligence and faithfulness. 
 

 THE CLUMBER SPANIEL, "FRIAR BOSS" (22,532). 
 
 The property of James L. Little, Esq., Newcastle Kennels, Brookline, Mass. 
 
 THE CLUMBER SPANIEL. 
 
 V,\' JAMES L. LITTLE, ESQ. 
 
 THE breed of dogs bearing this name is of very ancient origin and was first found 
 ui England at Clumber House, Nottinghamshi'-e, the Duke of Newcastle's country 
 seat. 
 
 The Due de Nouailles, a French nobleman, is said to have given the original 
 Clumber House specimens of this breed to the Duke of Newcastle, he having obtained 
 them from Spain. 
 
 In North America, Canada has the honor of having introduced this breed, and she 
 had the first, also the best until recently, when by a change the United States can 
 now claim the best and largest kennel of Clumber spaniels. 
 
 These dogs have a marvelous scent, hunt mute, and retrieve equally well on land 
 or in water. For snipe, woodcock or partridge they cannot be excelled by any other 
 breed of sporting dogs. They hunt close to the gun, and flush and mark down 
 admirably. The general appearance of the Clumber spaniel should be long, low and 
 heavy looking, with a sedate, intelligent and thoughtful expression. The head should 
 be large and massive, muzzle powerful, nostrils large and open. 
 
 Eyes should be large, soft, and deep set, and of a hazel color. 
 
 Ears, broad at the top, long, set low, vine-shaped, hair short and silky, and not wavy. 
 
 The neck and shoulders should be thick, powerful and very strong and muscular. 
 
 The body long and set low, with good ribbing and long coupling, while the chest 
 should be deep, loin powerful, back long, broad and straight and free from bow. 
 
 Fore legs, short, straight, and very heavy bone, and well in at the elbow. Hind 
 
 37 
 
38 
 
THE FIELD SPANIEL. 
 
 39 
 
 legs heavily bowed, but lighter than fore legs. Thick heavy feather on back of legs 
 above the foot, but none below hocks. Feet large, compact, and well filled with hair 
 between toes. 
 
 Coat silky and straight, very dense, but not extremely long. 
 
 Color should be white as far as possible, the fewer markings on the body the better, 
 the most perfect maiking being white body and lemon or orange ears, and evenly 
 marked head and eyes. 
 
 The day is undoubtedly not far distant when the Clumber spaniel will be quite as 
 popular in America as he is at present, and has been for years, in England, and in fact 
 Great Britain generally. They are essentially the gentleman's dog in every sense, both 
 at home or in the field. 
 
 THE COCKER SPANIEL. 
 
 PA' JAMES WATSON, ESQ. 
 
 OF all varieties of the sporting spaniel, it is probable that the Cocker more nearly 
 conforms to the Spanish dog, the original of the breed, whence it gets its name. 
 It antedates the setter, which was known two centuries ago as the setting spaniel, and 
 whose duties were to find the game and set so that the fowler could draw over it the net 
 in which he snared the birds as shown in old prints. 
 
 The Cocker spaniel has, however, been undoubtedly much altered in appearance 
 and formation, and the best specimens of the present day are the blacks or bred from 
 them, liver, red and cream colored being only varieties of the blacks. The require- 
 ments are a dog of about 25 pounds, somewhat square in build, with plenty of substance 
 for his size and avoiding any appearance of legginess, and with a head approaching that 
 of the setter rather than the thick blocky head which came in a few years ago, when 
 efforts were made to get them lower on the leg than they had been. Although it was usual 
 in the early years of the century to say that the spaniel should be crooked in front legs, 
 it is now considered essential to have straight legs. The coat should be plentiful and 
 flat, or at least devoid of any tendency to curl, with plenty of feather on the legs. The 
 ears require to be set on the side of the head and well clothed with long hair. A 
 noticeable point in the spaniel is the down carriage of the tail and its quick, nervous 
 action when the dog is in the field. No other dog possesses this peculiarity. 
 
 The Cocker is mainly used in thick cover, when his size gives him the advantage of 
 being able to get through the brush and raise the game for the sportsman. As an all- 
 round dog, he is unequalled ; the zest with which he works his ground and retrieves the 
 game from land and water showing how thoroughly he enjoys his employment. 
 
 THE FIELD SPANIEL. 
 
 THE Field Spaniel in general appearance should be considerably larger, heavier and 
 stronger in build than the Cocker, says the standard adopted by the American Spaniel 
 Club, and is more active and animated than the Clumber and has little of the sedateness 
 characteristic of the latter. The colors most preferred are solid black or liver, but liver 
 and white, black and white, black and tan, orange, and orange and white are all legitimate 
 spaniel colors. The coat should be straight and flat, silky in texture and thick enough 
 to give good protection to the skin in thorny coverts, as well as moderately long. The 
 ears, back of fore legs, between the toes, and on the back quarters are heavily fringed 
 
40 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 with feather. The Field Spaniels or " Springers " are especially adapted to hunting or 
 " springing " partridges, woodcocks and pheasants. They range from twenty-eight pounds 
 to forty-five in weight, and are intelligent, docile and courageous. They have a keen 
 scent, are easily trained, and are excellent companions both in the field and in the house. 
 
 BROWN FRENCH POODLE, " DIAMAND." 
 
 The Property of H. H. Hunnewell, Jr., Esq., Hill Hurst Kennels, Wellesley, Mass. 
 
 FRENCH POODLES. 
 
 F.V H. H. HUNNEWELL, JR., ESQ. 
 
 FRENCH poodles are as a breed one of the most, if not the most, intelligent variety of 
 dogs. The number of tricks which they can be taught is boundless, and they are 
 renowned for their faithfulness to their masters. They are splendid house dogs, most 
 entertaining companions, and of the mildest disposition. They are by no means, as 
 many people suppose them to be, merely toy dogs, but are very strong and useful. In 
 Germany and France the market hunters use them extensively for retrieving. They 
 have good noses, take to water readily, and are strong runners and beautiful jumpers. 
 In general outlook a poodle should be more or less on a cobby type, but nevertheless 
 showing speed. They should be strong about the chest, shoulders and loins, with good 
 straight legs and powerful hindquarters, so as to be able to run and jump well. They 
 should show a great deal of style, with a very lively, bright and intelligent look, always 
 on the alert, and full of spirits. The coat should be close and fine and in tight curls, 
 whether brown or black, devoid of white. In the brown variety the color should be a 
 rich, dark brown. The head should show intelligence, not too massive, and rather long 
 from the eyes to the nose, with no drop. The eyes should be dark, and not too 
 prominent. The ears should be naturally by the side of the head, rather long and well 
 covered with hair. The tail should not be carried down nor straight over the back. 
 
THE FRENCH POODLE, "RAJAH" (30,823j. 
 
 Property of Morey Kennels, Passaic, N. J. 
 
 41 
 
THE SCOTCH COLLIE CHAMPION, "CHRISTOPHER" (21,675). 
 
 The Property of Henry Jarrett, Esq., Chestnut Hill Kennels, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 SCOTCH COLLIE OR SHEEP DOG. 
 
 ];V GEORGE A. FLETCHER, ESQ. 
 
 COI.LIES or Sheep Dogs are divided into three classes, the rough-coated collie, the 
 smooth-coated collie, and the old English or bob-tailed sheep dog. The rough- 
 coated are by far the most numerous, and are shown in large numbers at all the leading 
 shows in this country and in England. The smooth-coated are built on the same 
 general lines as the roughs; the only difference being in the coat, which in the roughs 
 is long and hard, with a dense under-coat, which serves to keep out the water which 
 would soon make a rough dog a burden to himself ; for this reason partly the smooths 
 are rather preferred as workers, as their short, hard coat enables them to work in all 
 weathers. The origin of the sheep dog is, like that of all other breeds, shrouded in 
 mystery, though the sharp nose, upright carriage of ears, heavy coat, and general alert 
 appearance go far to prove that he is closely related to the wild dog, though his dis- 
 position has been softened and his wildness toned down by centuries of constant contact 
 with man. The collie should have a long, pointed head, not snipy nor domed, and 
 with room for a good-sized brain ; his ears should be carried semi-erect when exited, at 
 other times should lie on the neck and be buried in the mane, which should be abun- 
 dant and heavy, as also should be the frill, which is a great ornament to a rough dog. 
 The mouth should be level, though some people in trying to get length of head are apt 
 
 42 
 
BULL TERRIERS. 43 
 
 to use dogs with overshot jaws, which is objectionable and in the eyes of many a great 
 disfigurement. The coat of the roughs should be very profuse, the outer coat long, hard 
 and straight, the under-coat thick. The eyes should be dark-colored and with that 
 wide-awake look that only intelligent dogs can have. The neck should be strong and 
 of good length. Shoulders should be sloping as tending more to the racing type and 
 giving greater freedom of action. Back should be broad and strong. Fore legs straight, 
 well in at shoulder, and well feathered. Hind legs well let down at the hocks and free 
 from feather below them. The feet should be close, round, and hard, free from tufts of 
 hair between the toes. The thighs should be covered by long, thick hp.i-r behind. The tail 
 should be like a fox's brush rather than a flag, and should normally be carried low, 
 with a slight upward turn at the tip ; when excited it should be carried gaily, but never 
 should curl over the back. There is a tendency among breeders on the other side, in 
 the craze for long heads, to run to an extreme at the expense of intelligence, and it is to 
 be hoped that the breeders of this country will not be carried away by it, and that the 
 good, intelligent dog with a long but not a greyhound head may not be put entirely in 
 the shade by the too snipy heads so often seen at the front at our dog shows. 
 
 The bob-tailed sheep dog has a more wiry coat than the rough coated, and his 
 peculiar claims to distinction are that his tail is very short and sometimes missing ; he 
 is also decorated with one and sometimes two wall eyes, which give him a quite uncanny 
 expression, though be it said that in common with all collies his disposition is good, and 
 the wild look given him by his "China" eye is far from being a true index of his 
 character. Many instances might be cited of the intelligence of the sheep dog, but the 
 limit of this article forbids, but here let it be recorded that no dog is more affectionate 
 to his master than the collie, and no dog will try harder to do what is required of him, 
 when he knows what that is. With children he is the best dog in the world, always 
 ready for a frolic, and never cross or snappish. "Take him for all in all, we ne'er shall 
 look upon his like again." 
 
 BULL TERRIERS. 
 
 P.Y FRANK F. DOLE, ESQ. 
 
 THE English Bull Terrier has made very rapid strides in the last ten years into 
 popular favor ; this has been brought about by the class of people who have reared 
 and shown them. Taken all round, there is no dog equal to them for city or country 
 life, for either lady or gentleman as a companion. I have sold hundreds of these dogs 
 during the past ten years, and have yet to meet anyone who did not like them after 
 knowing them. While there is no doubt of their being a "game dog," they have such a 
 kind disposition towards their master or mistress that they are kept easily under control. 
 They are not every man's dog, and have the power of discerning between friend and 
 foe. People who have them never are troubled with tramps or beggars. It is much 
 easier to breed bull terriers now than it was a few years ago ; then the wall-eye would 
 crop out, several in a litter ; sometimes others would be heavily marked. Nowadays I 
 hardly ever have a pup with a wall-eye, and few litters have any marked ones. A few 
 words in regard to marked bull terriers, — it is a fact that some of the best that ever lived 
 are marked. My dog " Gully the Great," for instance, is without doubt the grandest bjiiU 
 terrier the world ever saw. In England, in 189 1, I was offered the best bull terrier 
 there. I have never regretted buying Gully, although I gave the highest price ever paid 
 for one of this breed. Not only was there pleasure in owning him, but my fellow 
 fanciers and the breed have been much benefited by his presence. While they may 
 have better ones in England, the percentage of good ones is larger here in America than 
 there. To the breeder I would say, beware of the English terrier type, which some of 
 
44 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 our judges give preference to. They are wrong, and they will find it out at no distant 
 day. The following is quoted from Vero Shaw : — 
 
 " Do not be frightened at him, don't knock him about or ill-use him, and no dog will 
 treat his master with greater love and respect than will the game and handsome, intel- 
 ligent and loveable bull terrier." 
 
 THE BULL TERRIER "GULLY THE GREAT." 
 
 The Property of Frank F. Dole, Esq., New Haven, Conn, 
 
 The points of a bull terrier : Head long, wedge-shape, level as possible from skull to 
 head of nose ; strong jaw and level mouth ; small dark eyes, not too prominent ; broad 
 chest, short body, well ribbed up ; fore legs showing plenty of bone and muscle, medium 
 length ; strong, well-arched feet ; hind legs well-hocked, showing great strength ; tail 
 fine and straight, carried in line with back when not excited, — game dogs will get them 
 up. 
 
 BULL DOGS. 
 
 1!Y A BULL DOG BREEDER. 
 
 THE Bull Dog is thoroughly English, and was for many years used in England for 
 baiting bulls, but when that cruel sport was abolished, he was bred simply for points, 
 and as a watch dog and companion. We hear so much of the ferocity of this breed, 
 that it may be looked upon as strange when I say that no more affectionate animal can be 
 found then they are to their masters. Their fierceness comes only when arotised, and 
 they are ready for battle, and stop only when utterly vanquished. When the dogs attack, 
 
m^ 
 
 ^PPM^I 
 
 
 ■ l. i ll i .l. i B ipi|' W" i ' ■'T i'* " 
 
 ^''wflW^ 
 
 THE BULL DOGS, "CHAMPION KING LUD" AND "KATISHA." 
 
 The Property of Johns H. Congdon, Esq., Providence, R.I. 
 
 they will flv at the head or throat, and never let go until the victim is suffocated or par- 
 tially so while they are perfectly fearless themselves of all danger. The standard calls 
 for a body thick set and compact ; very heavy in front, and comparatively light build 
 behind ; legs strong, short and muscular, set outside the body ; foot narrow, and well 
 split up like a hare's ; the shoulders massive, and standing out ; the chest deep and 
 wide ■ skull large, temples high, with a well-defined stop ; eyes black and set well 
 apart'; the iaw wide and well turned up ; nose large and black ; very short ears, rose- 
 shaped and well laid back ; a short roach back; ribs well sprung ; loin fine ; tail set on 
 low, short and tapering. The colors are red, dark fawn, blue fawn, and brindled in 
 several shades, but the latter should not be too dark. The coat is fine and smooth ; the 
 height is 1 6 to 2 1 inches, and the total length according to height and weight from 
 tvventv to thirtv-four inches. 
 
 BOSTON TERRIERS. 
 
 BY JOHN P. BARNARD, ESQ. 
 
 T-HE Boston Terrier has been a well-known breed in and about Boston for the past 
 1 twenty-five years, but has been little known elsewhere ; in fact until recognized by the 
 A. K. C. he was looked upon by a great many as a mongrel. 
 
 He probably originated from a cross of the small English Bull Dog that was com- 
 mon in England thirty vears ago, and the white Terrier, and after quite a number of 
 times inbreeding, he developed into what will now come as true to a type as any breea 
 
 45 
 
46 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 of dogs. A cobby, short-headed, low-set, jolly little chap, weighing from fifteen to 
 thirty pounds, always ready for a lark, good natured and true, but game to the bone if 
 imposed upon, is the Boston Terrier. His skull is large and tlat on top, short face, no 
 lay-back nor wrinkle, wide, deep muzzle. Even mouth, lips covering teeth ; large, soft 
 eyes, wide apart ; ears cut ; neck slightly arched, no dewlap, nor too short ; good high 
 shoulders, not out at elbow ; short body, wide at chest ; ribs well sprung, tapering to- 
 wards the stem, straight legs, not much muscled, small, round cat-foot; short or crank 
 
 THE BOSTON TERRIERS, "TOM" AND "MIKE." 
 
 The Property of John P. Barnard, Esq., Weynaouth Heights, Mass. 
 
 tail, carried low ; short, hard, bright coat, and his color the most popular in the Bull Dog 
 fancy, namely, brindle, white, brindle and white, fawn, fawn and white, and I don't much 
 object to a black with brindle legs, although this is a disputed point among Boston Ter- 
 rier fanciers. 
 
 The above points are considered by many of the oldest breeders the correct ones, 
 — breeders who have made the dog what he is to-day, the best all-round pet dog in 
 existence. A companion for the wealthy young miss in her Victoria, and also a sharer 
 of the joys and misfortunes of the poorer class in their humble abodes. 
 
y 
 
 THE WIRE-HAIRED FOX TERRIER. "SAINT CRIBBAGE'' (30,836). 
 The Property of Hariy W, Smith, Esq., Worcester, Mass. 
 
 WIRE-HAIRED FOX TERRIERS. 
 
 BY HARRY W. SMITH, ESQ. 
 
 THIS breed of terriers, while perhaps not as popular as the smooth terriers, are bred 
 and largely used in England, where game vermin terriers to work over and under 
 ground are wanted. Their characteristics and show points are identical with the smooth, 
 with the exception of their rough, wiry jacket, which enables them to work to better 
 advantage in wet, marshy places, especially late in the fall or early in the spring. This 
 coat should, above all, be wiry and rough. Nothing is so detestable to a wire-haired 
 judge as a soft, silky coat. What is wanted is a coat that can stand wear and tear and 
 be of service against water and frost. It should be about 1^4 inches long on the body, 
 growing shorter on the legs and feet, none at all on the ears, between the eyes and ears, 
 or on the cheeks, but there should always be a little tuft over each eye and a stiff beard 
 on the upper lips and under the chin. The wire-haired terrier originated from some of 
 the old kennel terriers kept in England for use with either the fox or otter hound packs, 
 and without doubt their blood runs much truer than that of the smooth terriers, for the 
 reason that the best blood has always been in the hands of a few. 
 
 William Carrick of Carlisle, England, stands far and away the first wire-haired 
 breeder that the fancy has ever known. His first crack was Carlisle Trick, and he 
 was sired by Old Jester, the fountain-head of all good wire blood. By breeding 
 Trick to the well-known champion Lil Foiler, Carlisle Tack was produced, and until 
 Carlisle Tyro was brought out, he was acknowledged to be the most perfect rough or 
 
 47 
 
48 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 smooth in England. Again by breeding Carlisle Tack to Vice, Carlisle Tyro was pro- 
 duced, and from the first time he was shown until he was retired he reigned supreme, 
 winning all firsts, specials and challenge cups, beating both roughs and smooths. Both 
 Tack and Tyro were all white dogs of great courage and terrier character, and it will be 
 seen from the above that Mr. Carrick not only ovvned three of the best wire-hairs ever 
 put on the benches, but bred them himself. Almost the last terrier he bred before re- 
 tiring from the fancy was champion Saint Cribbage, whose dam Carlisle Tinsel was out 
 of that good bitch Carlisle Tib, own sister to CarHsle Tyro. By breeding Carlisle Tinsel 
 to Carlisle Trick Mr. Carrick went back as far as he possibly could to the foundation of 
 wire blood, and the get (Cribbage) shows how right he was. Any descri]Jtion of Crib- 
 bage and his winnings would be superfluous, as they are already too well known. It is 
 sufficient to say that he was sold by Mr. Carrick when under a year old, and very shortly 
 afterwards won first and challenge cup at the Oxford Fox Terrier Show, following same 
 by winning firsts and cups at all the principal shows in England, and after being pur- 
 chased by Mr. Clear for lOO guineas, was shown at Antwerp, Belgium, winning the Prix 
 d'honneur as the best dog in the show, over 90 first-prize winners. Again when shown 
 at Edinburg, Scotland, he won first and specials for the best wire-hair in the show, and 
 the cup for the best fox terrier in the show, beating the smooth champion Vice Regal, 
 He was then sold to come to America, and was first brought out at the New York Show 
 of 1S94, where he won first in the open class, all specials for wire-haired fox terriers, the 
 grand challenge cup for the best wire or smooth in the show beating Belmont's Blemton 
 Victor 1 1, who has held the cup for the past three years ; shown at Boston he won easily, 
 and was awarded the challenge cup over Thayer's Stardens King, for the second time. 
 That Mr. Carrick's terriers were game can be easily proved from those who have seen 
 them work with his brother's pack of otter hounds in Carlisle. Before Sister Pattern 
 was imported to America she was bred to champion Cribbage, and one of the dog pup- 
 pies born in America having had its leg broken by being stepped on by a cow, was given 
 to the farmer who had them at walk. This puppy at eight months old would go to earth 
 and fight any woodchuck on the farm, and at a year old would go in and either kill the 
 chuck in the hole or else draw him out. The last of this July an old foxhound belong- 
 ing to the farmer ran what was supposed to be a fox into a ledge not far from the house. 
 Thinking to test the terrier's gameness, he was brought from the house and put in the 
 ledge. In about three minutes the fight commenced and continued for fully two and 
 one-half hours, and from the noise issuing from the crevices, all hands decided it must 
 be a coon fighting the dog, and not a fox; so crowbars and shovels were sent for, and 
 after digging for some time, a crack was opened and the body of the terrier was seen 
 lying still and apparently dead, but in a moment he was up and at the fight again. 
 The crevice was enlarged and finally both coon and dog could be viewed, but it seemed 
 impossible to get at them. They would clinch and fight from three to five minutes, and 
 then out of sheer exhaustion lie down and take breath with their noses not four inches 
 apart ; then at it again. The terrier always on the offensive. At last a long piece of 
 bale wire was procured and a hook on the end inserted in the terrier's collar ; the moment 
 he felt the hook pull on him he gave one last jump for the coon and caught him just 
 under the throat, and held on until they were both pulled out into the air. The coon 
 was so used up that he laid down and could not move a step, and the moment the 
 terrier was loosened and could get around to the back of the coon, he quickly put an 
 end to him. This was a large dog coon weighing 17 lbs., but poor in condition on ac- 
 count of the time of the year. The weight of the terrier is 15 lbs., and it was fully ten 
 days before he recovered from his terrific encounter, as his eyes, face, ears and throat 
 were one mass of cuts and tears. Nature, however, has worked wonders, and he is again 
 as useful as ever, although scarred like a veteran. 
 
A TYPICAL SMOOTH FOX TERRIER. 
 
 After an English Authority. 
 
 SMOOTH FOX TERRIERS. 
 
 FROM DATA FURNISHED BY A BREEDER. 
 
 THE Smooth Fox Terrier is exactly like the Wire- Haired Fox Terrier, with the excep- 
 tion of his coat. A description taken from the standard is as follows : " The skull 
 should be flat and moderately narrow, and gradually decreasing in width to the eyes. 
 Not much stop should be apparent, but there should be more dip in the profile between 
 the forehead and top jaw than is seen in the case of a greyhound. Cheeks must not be 
 full; ears V-shaped, small, of moderate thickness and drooping forward close to the 
 cheek, not hanging by the side of the head like foxhounds. The jaw, upper and under, 
 should be strong and muscular ; the nose toward which the muzzle must gradually taper 
 should be black; the eyes and the rims should be dark in color, small, rather deep set, 
 full of fire, life, and intelligence, and as nearly as possible circular in shape. The teeth 
 should be as nearly as possible level, the upper teeth on the outside of the lower 
 teeth. The neck should be clean and muscular, shoulders long and slopmg, well laid 
 back, while the chest is deep and not broad. The back should be straight, short and 
 strong, with no appearance of slackness, while the loin should be powerful, and very 
 slightly arched. Hind quarters strong and muscular, free from droop or crouch, thighs, 
 long and powerful, hocks near the ground, the dog standing well up on them like a fox- 
 hound, and not straight in the stifle. The legs raised in any direction must be straight, 
 showing little or no appearance of ankle in front. The feet should be round, and 
 compact. The coat should be smooth, flat, but hard, dense and abundant, while the 
 belly and under side of the thighs should not be bare. In color, white should pre- 
 dominate ; brindle, red, or liver markings are objectionable, otherwise this point is of 
 no importance." 
 
 49 
 
IRISH TERRIER DOG, "MERLE GRADY." 
 
 The Property of Walter J. Comstogk, Esq., Providence, R.I. 
 
 THE IRISH TERRIER. 
 
 From data furnished by Walter J. Comstock, Esq., the only American member of the " Irish Terrier Club." 
 
 IT is a fact that dogs that are game are usually surly, but the Irish Terrier as a breed 
 is an exception, being remarkably good tempered, especially with mankind. He is, 
 however, very ready to resent any interference on the part of other dogs. The Irish ter- 
 rier has been called the " dare-devil," because of his heedless, reckless pluck, which is 
 characteristic. When at home they are quiet and have a caress-inviting appearance, 
 and their whole demeanor is such that it is difficult to realize that they can prove they 
 have the courage of a lion and will fight to the last breath in their bodies. They develop 
 an extraordinary affection for their masters and have been known to track them an 
 almost incredible distance. The general appearance of an Irish terrier is as follows : 
 The head is long, skull flat and rather narrow between the ears, getting slightly narrower 
 towards the eye, being entirely free from wrinkle. The stop hardly visible except in the 
 profile. The jaw must be strong and muscular, but not too full in the cheek, and of a 
 good punishing length, but not so fine as a white English terrier's. There should be a 
 slight falling crown below the eye, so as not to have a greyhound appearance. The hair 
 on the face is of the same description as on the body, but short (about a quarter of an 
 inch long), while in appearance it should be almost smooth and straight. A slight 
 beard is the only longish hair (and it is only long in comparison with the rest) that is 
 permissible, and it is characteristic. The teeth should be strong and level, while the 
 lips are not so tight as in the bull terriers, but well fitting, showing through the hair their 
 
 50 
 
THE BLACK AND TAN TERRIER. 5 1 
 
 black lining. The nose must be black, a nose cherry or red disqualifying. The eyes are 
 a dark hazel color, small, not prominent, and full of life, fire and intelligence. When 
 uncut, the ears are small and V-shaped, of moderate thickness, set well up on the head 
 and dropping forward closely to the cheek. The hair on the ear is shorter and generally 
 darker than the body in color. There is generally a slight sort of frill visible at each 
 side of the neck running nearly to the corner of the ear, which is looked on as very 
 characteristic. The neck should be of fair length and gradually widening towards the 
 shoulders. The shoulders must be fine, long and sloping well into the back, while the 
 chest is deep and muscular. The body and loin is moderately long, while the back is 
 strong and straight. The hind quarters are well under the dog and are strong and 
 muscular, while the stern is generally docked, free of fringe and carried pretty high, but 
 not over the back or curled. The feet are small, and black toe-nails are preferable and 
 most desirable. The legs are perfectly straight and moderately long, being free of 
 feather, but covered like the head with as hard a texture of coat as the body. The coat 
 is hard and wiry, straight and flat, with no shagginess, and free of lock and curl. The 
 color should be "who'e colored," the most preferable being bright red next, wheaten, 
 yellow, and gray. The weight in condition is about i6 to 22 pounds for bitches, and 
 from 18 to 24 pounds for dogs. The most desirable weight is 22 ])ounds, and the dog 
 must present an active, lively, lithe and wiry appearance. 
 
 THE BLACK AND TAN TERRIER. 
 
 BY H. T. FOOTE, M.D., D.V.S. 
 
 OF all breeds of terriers now recognized, the black and tan seems to claim priority ; 
 but, in the days before breeding was made a science, instead of the fine finished 
 gentleman who always seems dressed in his best suit of black, with dark tan trimmings, 
 he was a coarse, rough fellow with a shaggy coat, and rather too loud in his display of 
 yellowish tan to be considered a member of any but the shabby genteel. While vastly 
 improved in looks by the refinements in form and dress that the breeder has accom- 
 plished, he has lost some of the courage and business qualities that made the early type so 
 famous and which has been maintained to a considerable degree in the various breeds 
 of rough-coated terriers of the present time, all of which are more or less closely related 
 to this old English terrier. The black and tan of to-day is essentially a house companion, 
 clean and sleek in appearance, and so short in coat that if a few hairs are left about on 
 the parlor upholstery they are unnoticeable. Ever alert, a better burglar alarm cannot be 
 devised, and if not too greatly pampered by luxurious surroundings and affectionate 
 masters he retains quite enough of his forefather's courage to take care of himself when 
 in disagreeable company and to enjoy a hunt through the fields for a woodchuck, or a 
 killing seance in an inclosure well supplied with rats. It is as rat killers that the breed 
 probably excels other breeds, but the natural instinct must be kept up by training, or in 
 a few generations it is wanting. I had a puppy four months old who jumped of his own 
 accord off a bale of hay and into a large empty milk can after the first rat he ever saw. 
 The rat was nearly as large as himself and old enough to know all the tricks in battle, 
 but the pup conquered and never whimpered over the punishment he received. A dog 
 of this breed in a public competition in Europe killed one hundred rats in a rat-pit in less 
 than seven minutes, or at the rate of over fourteen rats per minute. As the breed 
 originated in England, the few good specimens we meet with in this country are the 
 result of importations during the last ten years. Several of England's best have been 
 brought over, and the subject of the illustration has been considered in recent years the 
 equal, if not the superior in conformation, coloring, etc., of any in existence. He is a 
 
52 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 thoroughly game dog, and in terrier characteristics is an exceptional specimen of the 
 breed. Black and tans are not suitable dogs to breed in kennels or to keep in large 
 numbers. They are exceedingly prone to disease, and especially to skin troubles, so 
 that they can only be bred successfully in a small way. One or two brood bitches at 
 most are all that should be kept, and as the young stock does not stand exposure well, 
 it is best not to breed in the fall or winter. Furthermore, in our northern latitudes it 
 will not do to kennel grown dogs without some artificial heat, although it is a great mis- 
 take to at any time keep them in such temperature as will render them sensitive to the 
 
 THE BLACK AND TAN TERRIER, "BLOOMFIELD SULTAN" (20, 
 
 The Property of Dr. H. T. Foote, Rochelle Kennels, New Rochelle, N.Y. 
 
 cold. When not kept in numbers there is no unusual susceptibility to disease, and they 
 are not delicate or difficult to raise. In the above I have written of the large type, 
 weighing over fourteen pounds. 
 
 The head should be narrow, almost flat, and should be slightly wedge-shape, tapering 
 to the nose ; the eyes small and set moderately close ; nose perfectly black ; ears button, 
 small and thin; feet compact, split up between toes, with jet-black nails, the hind feet 
 shaped like those of a cat ; the tail moderately short and set on where the arch of the back 
 ends thick where it joins the body ; coat close, short and glossy, not fine ; color, black and 
 tan as distinct as possible ; the tan should be a rich mahogany color ; a tan spot over 
 each eye and another on each cheek, the latter as small as possible ; the lips of the 
 upper and lower jaws should be tanned, the tan extending under the jaw to the throat, 
 ending in the shape of the letter V ; the inside of the ear is partly tanned ; the fore leg 
 is tanned to the knee, with a black patch " thumb mark " between the pastern and the 
 knee ; the toes have a distinct black mark running up each, called the "pencil mark" ; 
 the tan on the hind legs should continue from the penciling on the feet up the inside of 
 
DANDIE DfNMONT TERRIERS. 
 
 53 
 
 the legs to a little below the stifle joint, and the outside of the legs should be perfectly 
 black. There should be tan under the tail and on the vent, but only of such size as to 
 be covered by the tail. In every case the tan should meet the black abruptly. 
 
 THE DANDIE DINMONT TERRIER "KING O' THE HEATHER" 
 The Property of Edward Brooks, Esq., Heather Kennels, Hyde Park, Mass. 
 
 DANDIE DINMONT TERRIERS. 
 
 BY EDWARD BROOKS, ESQ. 
 
 THIS breed, being one of the oldest of all the present breeds of terriers, should hold 
 first place with the agricultural public, combining as it does a dead game vermin 
 dog with a faithful companion and good watch-dog. General description as follows : 
 Height, 8 to 1 1 inches at shoulder ; length from top of shoulder to root of tail about twice 
 height. Weight as near i8 pounds as possible. Coat-hair from skull to root of tail hard 
 without wire, and soft under-jacket. Hair on under part of body lighter and softer. 
 Color, either pepper or mustard, i. e., reddish yellow or bluish black with tan markings. 
 Legs and fore shoulders, bony and powerful. Showing well set neck and a broad fore-leg. 
 Head strongly made and large, but not out of proportion. Jaws muscular and large. 
 Teeth very strong and of good size. My experience with this breed is that when once 
 their blood is up they will top at nothing, even giving good fight to a coon of the same or 
 greater might, and always coming out the best. I have some dogs of this breed that 
 as ratters are as good as any cat, patiently watching a rat-hole till either the rat 
 ■-^omes o"t or the ferret has bolted him. In the house they are perfect and companion- 
 .' ■■V', f •- ' making up with the children and devoted to the women. 
 
THE SCOTTISH TERRIER, "KILROY" (A. K. C. S. B. 25,089). 
 The Property of Brooks and Ames, Wankie Kennels, West Medford and Nortn Easton, Mass. 
 
 54 
 
THE SCOTTISH TERRIER. 
 
 BY HENRY BROOKS, ESQ. 
 
 THIS breed of Terrier is one of the oldest indigenous to Scotland. They have been 
 known for years in the Highlands and Western Islands of Scotland as the Cairn or 
 Highland Terrier. The name, Scottish Terrier, was given them about '89, when a club 
 was formed in both England and Scotland, and the following standard drawn up and 
 adopted : — 
 
 Skull (value 5) : Proportionately long, slightly domed, and covered with short hair, 
 about ^ in. long or less. It should not be quite flat, as there should be a sort of stop, 
 between the eyes. 
 
 Muzzle (value 5) : Very powerful, and gradually tapering towards the nose, which 
 should always be black and of a good size ; the jaws should be perfectly level and the 
 teeth square, though the nose projects somewhat over the mouth, which gives the im- 
 pression of the upper jaw being longer than the under one. 
 
 Eyes (value 5) : Set wide apart, of a dark brown or hazel color; small, piercing, 
 very bright, and rather sunken. 
 
 Ears (value 10) : Very small, prick or half prick (the former is preferable), but 
 never drop. They should also be sharp pointed, and the hair on them should not be 
 long, but velvety, and they should not be cut. The ears should be free from any fringe 
 at the top. 
 
 Neck (value 5) : Short, thick and muscular; strongly set on sloping shoulders. 
 
 Chest (value 5) : Broad, in comparison to the size of the dog, and proportionately 
 deep. 
 
 Body (value 10) : Of moderate length, not so long as a skye's, and rather flat- 
 sided ; but well ribbed up, and exceedingly strong in hind quarters. 
 
 Legs and Feet (value 10) : Both fore and hind legs should be short, and very 
 heavy in bones, the former being straight or slightly bent, and well set on under the 
 body, as the Scottish terrier should not be out at the elbows. Hock should be bent, and 
 the thighs very muscular, and the feet strong, small, and thickly covered with short 
 hair, the fore feet being larger than the hind ones, and well let down to the ground. 
 
 Tail (value 2j4) : Which is never cut, should be about 7 inches long, carried with 
 a slight bend and often gaily. 
 
 Coat (value 15) : Should be rather short (about 2 inches), intensely hard and 
 wiry in texture, and very dense all over the body. 
 
 Size (value 10) : About 16 lbs. to 18 lbs. for a bitch, 18 lbs. to 20 lbs. for a dog. 
 
 Colors (value 2}4) : Steel or iron grey, brindle or frizzled; black, sandy and 
 wheaton. White markings are objectionable, and can only be allowed on the chest, and 
 that to a small extent. 
 
 General Appearance (value 10) : The face should bear a very sharp, bright and 
 active expression, and the head should be carried up. The dog (owing to the shortness 
 of his coat) should appear to be higher on the leg than he really is ; but at the same 
 time he should look compact, and possessed of great muscle in his hind quarters. In 
 fact a Scottish terrier, though essentially a terrier, cannot be too powerfully put together. 
 He should be from 9 inches to i 2 inches in height. 
 
 The Faults are : Muzzle, either under or overhung. Eyes, large or Hght colored. 
 Ears, large, round at the points or drop ; it is also a fault if they are too heavily covered 
 with hair. Coat, any silkeness, wave, or tendency to curl is a serious blemish, as is also 
 an open coat. Size, specimens over 1 8 lbs. should not be encouraged. 
 
 As companions, the Scottish terrier possesses qualities that recommend them to many. 
 They are hardy and plucky, will stand any weather, and are good for any amount of 
 sport. His disposition is charming, and while he possesses all the qualities of a terrier 
 generally. Their one great distinguishing characteristic is their undying affection for 
 their master. 
 
 55 
 
THE SKYE TERRIER CHAMPION, "SIR STAFFORD" (33,731). 
 
 The property of Clifford A. Shinn, Esq., 1709 Cherry St., Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 SKYE TERRIERS. 
 
 BY CLIFFORD A. SHINN, ESQ. 
 
 THE Skye Terrier takes his name from the chief of those northwestern islands of 
 Scotland, which as far back as his history can be traced, upwards of three centuries 
 ago, formed his native home. The Skye terrier is a vermin dog and is admirably adapted 
 for his work, which, as it is well known, is to enter vermin burrows and make his way 
 where large dogs, or those of a different formation, would be unable to penetrate. He 
 has necessarily very strong legs, short in proportion to the length of the body, which is 
 long and measures well in girth. He possesses a keen scent, and in disposition is 
 determined and courageous. Having a strong and muscular jaw, he is enabled to grip 
 tenaciously. Dame Nature has provided this breed with an ample covering all over; 
 and, from the thickness and hard, wet-resisting quality of his coat, the Skye can face with 
 impunity almost any degree of cold to which he may be exposed. He is the smallest of 
 all the useful terrier tribe, the lowest set, the longest in body, the most muscular and 
 flexible in his whole frame, with an unequalled acuteness of sight and hearing, an un- 
 rivalled alacrity of action and an indomitable pluck. Possessed of pre-eminent quali- 
 fications for his special work, he needs only to have it put before him to prove that he is 
 imbued with the spirit of his native master, who, when taken from his hill to the battle- 
 field, and was told : — 
 
 '• There's the foe ; he has nae thought but how to kill twa at a blow." 
 
 Mr. Rawdon B. Lee, of London, and Mr. D. J. Thomson Gray (Whinstone) write 
 of the Skye : "No kennel can be complete without him. To the present day he remains 
 as unchanged as any variety of the canine race, and has certainly lost none of his 
 merits or attractions, for he is exceptionally clean and sweet, less dependent on exercise 
 than any other; his delicate sensibility, shrewd sagacity, exclusive attachment, and 
 devoted courage, combined with his elegant form, graceful attire, and aristocratic air, 
 render him, during his brief day, man's best friend, 
 
 " A thing of beauty and a joy forever.'' 
 56 
 
CL J -DESDALE TERRIERS. 
 
 57 
 
 The hei2;ht of the dog at the shoulder should be about 9 inches; length of back 
 of skull, 81/ inches; root of tail to tip of joint, 9 inches; while the total length is 
 about 40 inches. In the bitches, the animal is half an inch lower, and two and a half 
 inches shorter than the dogs, all parts proportionally ; thus, body 21 inches, head 8 and 
 tail 814 inches, making total of 371^ inches. The average weight in the dogs is 18 lbs., 
 while'the bitch is 16 lbs. No dog should be over 20 lbs. or under 16 lbs. The bitch 
 should not be over 18 lbs. nor under 14 lbs. The judicial awards are governed as 
 follows ■ Over extreme of weight to be handicapped 5 lbs. of excess, while doctored 
 ears or tail, or over or under-shot mouth is to disqualify, and no extra value for greater 
 length of coat than 53^ inches. 
 
 CLYDESDALE TERRIER, "CLYDESDALE LADY,' 
 
 The Property of Clifford A. Shinn, Esq., 1709 Cherry St., Philadelphia, Penn. 
 
 CLYDESDALE TERRIERS. 
 
 liV CLIFFORD A. SHINN, ESQ. 
 
 TN character and disposition the Clydesdale Terrier resembles the Skye, being good- 
 1 natured, intelligent, and lively. They make excellent house pets, and any one who 
 desires something more substantial than a toy will find in the elegant shape and pleasing 
 outline of the ctydesdale terrier a dog to please them. They are not delicate, like the 
 Yorkshire and most toys. 
 
 The description of the Clydesdale terrier is almost a counterpart of the Skye, with 
 the exception of his coat, which, instead of being hard and wiry, is as silky and long as 
 that of a Yorkshire terrier ; the longer and finer, the more value is attached to this point. 
 It is perfectly flat and free from curl. The color is various shades of blue, dark blue 
 being considered perfection in color. The length of the hair on head and face gives 
 character to this point ; it reaches to the nose, obscuring the eyes completely ; the ears 
 must be erect, are well furnished with long hair, the fringe being a material point. The 
 tail should be carried almost straight, in a line with the back, the parting of the hair at 
 shoulder being continued to the top of the tail, the fringe being thin and hanging straight 
 and gracefully. This terrier, in disposition, is all that can be desired, good natured, 
 
58 THE DOG. 
 
 affectionate, and lively ; an intelligent companion, an excellent house-dog, and most 
 suitable for a lady who wishes something more substantial than a toy dog. 
 
 The English Stock-keeper has frequently described this terrier as one of the most 
 beautiful of the Scotch breeds. The general appearance is that of a long, low dog, 
 having a rather large head in proportion to its size, and with a coat which looks like silk 
 or spun glass. It shows considerably more style or quality than almost any other fancy 
 terrier, and has all the game of his race. 
 
 <>^/%" 
 
 THE YORKSHIRE TERRIER, " DUKE." 
 
 The property of Ferdinand Senn, Esq., 278 West llth St., New York. 
 
 THE YORKSHIRE TERRIER. 
 
 BY FERDINAND SENN, ESQ. 
 
 IT has been said that "Happy is the nation that has no history," and perhaps our 
 charming little friend the Yorkshire may be congratulated on that score. Mystery 
 seems to have attached to his origin until recent years, when a good deal of it has 
 been cleared up ; however he still stands or falls on his own transcendent merits. The 
 Yorkshire has been called a " manufactured " breed ; well, so it is, and it redounds to 
 the lasting credit of the patient and persevering Yorkshire operatives who, about forty 
 years since, with infinite intelligence, and tireless care and trouble, to a great extent 
 perfected this crowning triumph of the breeder's skill, this marvel of beauty and grace. 
 
THE YORKSHIRE TERRIER. 59 
 
 the modern Yorkshire. Excellent as he was many years ago, 1 consider that the care 
 in breeding and selection that is constantly exercised shows its good effects, and that 
 these little favorites are continually improving and are superior to the dogs we had 
 ten years since. This beautiful breed suffers no diminution in demand, but on the 
 contrary has been steadily increasing in popularity, especially for the past dozen years. 
 So dainty and delicate a dog as the Yorkshire deserves the most painstaking care in the 
 matter of his toilet, and many a valuable pet has been spoiled by careless washing. In 
 my experience I find that he should have a bath about once in every two weeks, and 
 the night before should have a Uttle olive oil lightly brushed into his coat. All the 
 trouble that is taken in this way is amply repaid, for the little fellow every time 
 he is washed and groomed looks like a new dog, so fresh and " fit " do his ablutions 
 render him. In bathing use luke-warm water; do not apply the soap upon the dog, 
 but make suds, and apply these with a hair-brush with long bristles of the first quality, 
 carefully rinse all suds out of his coat, and dry it by gently pressing a towel over his 
 body and using dry brushes on his coat, always brushing the hair downwards from his 
 back. When thoroughly dried, rub a little of the oil on the hands and smooth them 
 over the dog's coat. To keep off fleas, simply spray with a little alcohol, then pass the 
 brush, which should have bristles at least i ^ inches long, through the hair. Many 
 Yorkshires are "off color," coming with blue back and silver head, or perhaps all silver, 
 others again all tan and a great many all blue. For all these there is a demand ; they 
 are all beautiful anyway, and many of our ultra-fashionable ladies like to have just the 
 dog whose color will harmonize well with a costume or even a complexion, and will take 
 great pains to secure just the specimen their taste dictates. It may truly be said that 
 every Yorkshire is valuable, though some are much more so than others. This delightful 
 little companion is all life and vivacity, and no pet can possibly exceed him in that 
 qualification. He has this great advantage over all other toy dogs, that if properly cared 
 for he never sheds his coat, which keeps on growing, and he merely wears it off. 
 
 The head of the Yorkshire terrier resembles the Manchester terrier of smaller 
 type, fine and gradually tapering toward the muzzle. The eyes and nose are small and 
 well protected, of dark color and sparkling, when not concealed, the nose being black. 
 The jaws are not heavy, but rather deficient in strength, though fine in outline. The 
 ears, if uncut, should be very fine, half erect, their color fine deep tan, coat on. ear short 
 and soft. The body is short and compact, with wide chest well developed, good loin, 
 and top of back level, the body being covered with silky hair. The legs are straight, 
 well placed on the body and well coated, feathered with long silky hair. The feet are 
 of good terrier type and feathered, the toe-nails being black. Tail is docked and 
 about 3 to 31^ inches long, carried straight out from back. The coat is long, of glossy, 
 silky texture and straight. The color on the head is a beautiful tan, which deepens 
 lower on the face. It is two or three shades lighter on top of the head, with the same 
 character of hair. The color of the hair on the back is a deep steel-color, while on 
 the feet and legs it is a very deep tan. 
 
 The general appearance is a most graceful, pretty and dainty dog, looking the 
 perfection of a pet, and full of energy and vitality. The weight should be from five 
 to eight pounds. 
 
 THE JAPANESE SPANIEL. 
 
 BY FERDINAND SENN, ESQ. 
 
 ABOUT twenty-two years ago I obtained a pair of Japanese Spaniels from the English 
 ship Lothair, a male and a female ; at that time these beautiful and vivacious httle 
 Orientals were extremely rare and generally unknown, and not a single fancier or ken- 
 
6o 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 nelman I met could give them a name. Finally I sold them to Mrs. J. W. Stewart, who 
 exhibited them at the first bench show of the Westminster Kennel Club, in 1877, and 
 the following year showed a pair of their puppies. From that time they have steadily 
 increased in numbers and popularity and are now recognized as standard dogs, having 
 their own classes and devoted admirers at all the prominent dog-shows of the country. 
 It has frequently been stated that the Japs must be fed on the same diet he gets in his 
 native country, i. e. rice and fish exclusively. 1 have found in my own successful expe- 
 rience that it is quite otherwise. They may suitably be fed on fowl or game of any kind, 
 potatoes, or better still, broiled or fried sweet-potatoes, of which these dainty little fellows 
 are very fond ; a little roast beef, or mutton gravy poured over sweet, stale bread or 
 crackers is excellent, and fried fresh fish maybe given them when convenient. Above all 
 
 THE JAPANESE SPANIEL "TOKIO." 
 
 The Property of Mrs. Ferdinand Senn, 278 W. I Ith St., New York. 
 
 things avoid sweets and do not over feed. Never feed two of them from the same dish, 
 as they are then sure to fight and will also injure themselves by bolting their food ; indeed 
 they should have their platters placed out of sight of one another or they are sure to 
 quarrel over their food, for generosity to one another is not one of their attributes, as it is 
 amongst those blue-blooded Britons the Blenheims, who have been known to keep their 
 comrades supplied with food when tied up and unable to procure it for themselves. 
 Whilst so selfish and disagreeable with one another, these beautiful little creatures are de- 
 voted to their owners, untiring in their affection, and full of self-sacrifice ; I have known 
 several instances where Japs, that have been reared from puppies and parted from at 
 two years of age, have been broken hearted and refused all nourishment, finally dying 
 from grief resulting from separation from all that was dear to them. 
 
THE KING CHARLES SPAIV/EL. 6 1 
 
 The points of the Japanese are as follows : The jaw should be square and snug as 
 in King Charles, no overhanging or underhanging jowl ; teeth shorter than any other 
 breed of spaniels and about same length, —ought to be even, though often irregular. The 
 nose should be black in black or black and white dogs, and brown in yellow or yellow and 
 white ones. It should be wide and very short, more so than in any other toy dog ; deep 
 nostrils, large and open. The stop must be the same as in the King Charles. In 5 lb. 
 dog or over the eyes should be as large as a quarter of a dollar, brilliant and fiery. In 
 color they should be black in black or black and white dogs, and brown in yellow or 
 yellow and white dogs. The head should be round, but not so large as in King Charles, 
 forehead well projected over nose and almost touching it. The ears are set higher in 
 the skull than in King Charles, position being otherwise the same, while they should be V 
 shaped, with hair from six to eight inches in length. The shape should be short, thick-set, 
 generally about same build as King Charies, but finer in bone. The color should be black 
 and white or white and black (the first named color in combination predominating), lemon 
 and white, tawny brindled and white, mouse color and white, black, white and tan (tan 
 dots in black over eye), sohd black, solid rich red, pure white and solid mouse colored 
 (last very rare). The coat is perfecdy straight, more so than other spaniels, with a 
 pearly satin or lustrous gloss, fine silky and long. The chest should be covered with a 
 frill or mane over the whole breast from six to eight inches long. The Japanese is " hare 
 footed." On the tail the length of hair should be from ten to twelve inches. The tail 
 should be simply thrown over on either side close to the body so that it falls over the 
 hips, but is 7wt curled. It should be either solid black or white (or solid of the rarer 
 colors), not two colors mixed into one. The feathering on hind quarters is more abun- 
 dant and luxuriant in growth than in any other spaniel, and adds much to the peculiar 
 beauty of these graceful little animals. 
 
 THE KING CHARLES SPANIEL 
 
 AND A FEW NOTES ON THE BLENHEIM, PRINCE CHARLIE, AND RUBY. 
 nv FERDINAND SENN, ESQ. 
 
 T^HE King Charles Spaniel, as the following couplet aptly says : 
 
 "To Second Charles of England owes his name, 
 A regal gift from Second Charles of Spain," 
 
 and the Merry Monarch took great delight in these clever litde creatures. Similar 
 spaniels were doubdess known in England long before, but a choicer breed was found m 
 Spain, hence the special value of this royal present. It is too often the practice among 
 those who really know scarcely anything of them to speak scornfully of toy spaniels as 
 being lacking in intelligence. Nothing is further from the truth than this notion. They 
 are plucky little chaps of brilliant wits. They can readily be trained to hunt for game, 
 in the pursuit of which they are full of confidence and resource, though their diminutive 
 size, for the really choice specimen often does not exceed six or seven pounds, makes 
 such work for them appear comical. .An interesting story of the high degree of intelli- 
 gence of these litde fellows is told by that eminent naturalist and ardent admirer of dogs, 
 the Rev. J. G. Wood, F.Z.S. 
 
 "An English family living in Gloucestershire had a King Charles that every morning 
 would voluntarily fetch his towel and brush and stand patiently to be washed, combed 
 and groomed by his mistress. Generally he took his meals with the family, but if his 
 mistress was going to dine from home she would say to him, ' Prince, you must go and 
 dine at the Rectory to-day.' He would then set off for the parsonage, a long and m- 
 
62 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 tricate road, reaching there /// time for dinner — never late — spend the evening in a 
 jovial way, doing all his clever little tricks to amuse his hosts, stay to a late supper, and 
 .then, if no one called for him, trot off home by himself." I have known many such in- 
 tances in my own experience of the wonderful sagacity of toy spaniels, having been a 
 breeder of them for over twenty years and an exhibitor from the first show of the 
 Westminster Kennel Club, in 1877. The points for a King Charles are well summed up 
 in the following lines : — 
 
 " Head, eye and ear, nose, coat, shape, color, size; 
 In these combined the stamp of beauty lies, 
 Head, full and round, large eye projecting clear, 
 With short snub nose and neat well feathered ear ; 
 Of glossy coat, with raven locks beset. 
 Face, breast and limb of tan, and body jet." 
 
 THE KING CHARLES SPANIEL "KING OF THE CHARLIES" (27,115; 
 
 The Property of Mrs. F. Senn, 278 West I I th Street, New York. 
 
 The under jaw should not project over the upper or the upper over the lower. The 
 under jaw should be wide between the tusks and well turned, but not to show the teeth, 
 which should meet evenly ; mouth must be regular, even and wide, not to have twisted 
 appearance, but a beautiful even cut. The nose should be short as possible, almost in a 
 line with the eyes, and though it is turned up in appearance it gives a finished look to 
 the face, just as a young lady's retrousse nose often adds to the beauty of a charming 
 countenance. The stop is a very important feature in a true King Charles. We have 
 seen it stated that the stop should be large enough to hold a marble. This I consider an 
 error, for in the highest type of King Charles now living a silver dime would fit snugly in 
 
THE PUG. 63 
 
 the stop, which is a mere crevice between the nose and the base of the skull. The eyes 
 should be extremely large, bright and clear, ^^^^^^ projectuig, but mi^d and fawn hke, 
 eently shaded from the pupil and set wide apart. The head should be full and round, 
 of large size, short from forehead to base of ear, and run up as nuich as Possible to a 
 ■ dome shape ; front appearance should be wider than the side view. The forehead should 
 project well over the eyes, so as to almost touch the nose. The ears should be set low ; 
 the fleshy and cartilaginous part in the true old massive type of King Charles is wide but 
 not long; covered with very long black, silky hair of wonderfully fine texture lined ^v_lth 
 tan (this old tvpe, it is much to be regretted, is extremely rare) this beautiRil hair giving 
 the fine lengthy appearance to the ear so different from that of the modern king Charles, 
 produced from a cross with the Cocker which has a long narrow ear, with hair nothing 
 nearly so soft and silky. The coat on a good specimen is of the fine fleecy appearance, 
 X^n texture and wavy, but free from curl and very luxuriant. Ihere is abundance 
 of feathering on the legs ; glossy black and rich tan are the King Charles colors ; face 
 breast and ifgs tan, and body jet. The shape, low set straight limbs, good barrel, short 
 • .neck, ribbed uji close, wide in breast. Tail should be earned in line with back 
 Loin should be strong and stocky. For very choice specimens the weight should be 
 from six to seven pounds, ordinarily eight to ten pounds. ,, u f 
 
 The Blenheim Spaniel, the Prince Charlie and the Ruby all possess the character- 
 istics of the King Charles, belonging to the same class of dogs. An excellent Knghsh 
 au horily thus speaks of the Blenheim : ''This exquisitely beautiful little dog should par- 
 take of all the d stinguishmg characteristics of the King Charles spaniel, possessing prop- 
 er^es and organs from a phrenological point of view more nearly resembling the human 
 head than any other kind of dog. He knows at a glance the canine friend, while the 
 do^hater may try his best to win his favor in vain." In common with his kingly 
 cousin, the memorv of the Blenheim is wonderful. A story is told of Blossom, who be- 
 fonaed to the famous Blenheim breeder, Mrs. J. W. Berne. Blossom had caught a 
 hrewmouse, which had been taken from her and placed in a hole of a barn wall, and which 
 she made vain but energetic efforts to regain. On visiting the barn many years afterwards 
 Blossom went straight to the hole and did her best to peep into it to find the rnummy of 
 the mo^se she had captured so long before. It is greatly to be regretted that the Blen- 
 heim so attractive and beautiful aslie is, should be exceedingly hard to rear, and hence 
 ^hHcarcity of really fine specimens and the high prices it is necessary to pay for them 
 TheS/;;. in color should be a rich ruby red and pure pearly white. Fhe best 
 marked dogs are those with well defined red markings on the side and back and a splash 
 
 '' ''Th'prlce'chlrlie and the Ruby only differ from the King Charles in color, and all 
 my remarks made under his head aptly apply to these relatives. The Prince Charhe 
 ZuTd be black, white and tan, while the Ruby is a deep rich Irish setter red, free from 
 white. 
 
 THE PUG 
 
 -THE origin of this well known little dog is, like that of many other breeds lost in ob- 
 1 scunty. He is however supposed to be a close relation of the Mastiff, having many 
 of the characteristics of that noble dog, and to have been first bred i^. England. H s 
 great popularity as a pet arises not only from his kindly disposition and i^te^^g^"^^' ^"* 
 also froiB the fact that he is very clean, and is one of the few dogs which have no offen- 
 sive odor from the skin. Kept almost altogether as a pet, he ^^'^^^ 5°f "'";'^"^7' ' ' 
 quick to learn, and makes a good watch dog. The saucy, independent, dignified air ot 
 the pug makes him an amusing companion, and his affectionate ways many friends, i ne 
 
64 
 
 THE DOG. 
 
 weight of the pug is from thirteen to seventeen pounds. The standard says as follows : 
 In general appearance he should be square and cobby, a lean-legged pug and a dog 
 with short legs and a long body being objectionable. He should have strong, straight 
 legs, nails black. The muzzle, ears, moles on the cheeks, thumb-mark or diamond on 
 
 THE IMPORTED MORRISON PUG, " TEDDY." 
 
 The Property of Capt. J. Marshall Phillips, Taunton, Mass. 
 
 the forehead and back trace, a line extending from the occiput to the tail, should be as 
 black as possible. The coat should be silver or apricot fawn, smooth and glossy, while 
 the tail should be curled as tightly as possible over the hip, the double curl being per- 
 fection. 
 
 THE SCHIPPERKE. 
 
 BY F. W. CONNELLY, ESQ. 
 
 THE Schipperke, usually considered a tailless species of dog, is a native of Belgium, 
 where they serve a very useful purpose as ratters. They were introduced into Eng- 
 land eight years ago, where they were received by the first society as a house-dog and 
 pet. They deserve to be well and favorably known, as they possess all the desirable qual- 
 ities for a house-dog, and are devoid of all possible objectionable ones. They weigh lo 
 or 1 2 lbs., have a jet, sHck, smooth coat, of a coarse wiry texture, from i to i >^ inches 
 in length, which lays close to the body, requiring no special attention ; a healthy Schip- 
 perke's coat being always in condition. They are stoutly built, quite hardy, enduring 
 our New England climate well, frolicking in the snow with delight. They have a sharp 
 
TOV BLACK AND TAN TERRIER. 65 
 
 nose, flat head, small black eye, erect natural ear, situated well up on the head, present- 
 ing a fascinating appearance. They have a short, thick neck ; stout legs, short body, well- 
 ribbed back, with no tail, which latter is not always natural ; the small appendix or apology 
 for tail being sometimes present, is removed at birth. Their disposition is perfect, even 
 strangers cannot induce them to bite j while they are not troublesome with other dogs, and 
 have little or no inclination to run in the street. Their intelligence is remarkable, one 
 being brought up in a family seems to understand whatever is said to it, without raising tho- 
 voice or making a sign. They demonstrate their affection at every opportunity, and are 
 naturally a neat, tidy dog, easily house-broken. They are constantly on the alert, each 
 movement is full of stvle and grace, and their lack of tail seems to render them an 
 entirely different species from dogs as a class. They are not noisy, seldom barking, un- 
 less an unusual sound is heard, when they are instantly alert. 
 
 IRISH WATER SPANIELS. 
 
 THERE are two varieties of this Spaniel ; the North of Ireland Water Spaniel and the 
 South of Ireland Spaniel ; they are very intelligent, easily broken to retrieve, and 
 make excellent companions for a sportsman. " Stonehenge " describes the northern dog 
 as follows : " Short ears, with little feather either on them or on the legs, but with a con- 
 siderable curl in his coat. In color he is generally liver, but with more or less white, 
 which sometimes predominates, so as to make him decidedly white and liver." The fol- 
 lowing is a description of the southern dog : " Head capacious, forehead high, and eyes 
 intelligent, though rather small. The face is clothed with short hair, over which hangs a 
 topknot of considerable length, coming forward to a peak, these two points being in- 
 dicative of true breeding. The ears should be long, measuring fully 26 inches across 
 when extended. The body is moderately long and very strong, covered with short, crisp 
 curls, which often become draggled towards the moulting season. The tail is round, 
 without feather, terminating in a sharp point, and is rather short. The color is a pure 
 deep puce, without white, and in other particulars these dogs should resemble the ordi- 
 nary Spaniel." 
 
 I 
 
 TOY BLACK AND TAN TERRIER. 
 
 N the preceding pages are given a description of the Black and Tan Terrier, his 
 characteristics and peculiarities. Of the toy variety, Dr. H. T. Foote says as follows : 
 " The toy variety, which should not exceed seven pounds, are essentially playthings. 
 They are delicate and difficult to raise. They lack the character and type of their 
 larger brothers and have little to recommend them beyond their dwarfed development 
 and their fondness for a warm lap to cuddle in. But few of them can show pure breed- 
 ing for a reasonable number of generations, and they usually are seriously lacking in coat 
 and color." 
 
White Oak Hill Kennels 
 
 POLAND, ME. 
 
 English 
 
 Greyhounds 
 
 Bench and field winners, embracing all the 
 
 strains in America. 
 
 Also drafts from the leading English packs. 
 
 Unexcelled facilities for rearing and training 
 young stock for practical work. 
 
 ORDERS BOOKED FOR YOUNG STOCK. 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 WHITE OAK HILL KENNELS 
 
 POLAND, ME. 
 
 Or, N. O. Pope, 241 Park Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 (66) 
 
f deb tTciTiere at Stub 
 
 Merle Grady 
 
 Winner of Irish Terrier Juvenile Challenge Cup, 1891, ist and 
 special Derby, ist Darlington, ist and special Leeds, ist Liverpool and 
 
 others. 
 
 ist New Y'ork iSg4. - - ist Boston iSg4. 
 
 FEE, $1500. 
 
 Ch. Boxer IV 
 
 FEE, $15.00. 
 
 Hanover Boy 
 
 Full of Playboy blood. Has siualL perfectly carried Ears. 
 
 Sire of His Honor, ist Puppy Class, New York, 1893 ; ist Puppy 
 Class and 2d Open Class, Boston, 1893. Also sire of Maggie Cline, 
 3d Puppy Class, New York, and ist Puppy Bitch Class, Boston, 1893. 
 
 FEE, $15.00. 
 
 His Honor 
 
 By Hanover Boy, ex Crate, 2d prize, Boston, 1893 and 1894. 
 
 FEE, $10.00. 
 
 F>UF>F>IES AND GROVC^N SHTOCK FOR SALE 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 Walter J. Comstock, 
 
 Box 408 PROVIDENCE, R. I. 
 
 (67) 
 
CHESTNUT HILL KENNELS 
 
 ^ Collic6 . ♦ . . 
 ^ ITrieb Meniere 
 Bull IDerrtcre 
 
 ^ 
 
 Send for Catalogue of Prize Dogs For Sale. 
 
 All dogs offered in catalogue are guaranteed as represented and 
 any will be sent on approval on receipt of price. 
 
 AT STUD. — Collies. 
 
 CHAMPION CHRISTOPHER. Fee $50. Christopher has de- 
 feated nearly all the best Collies in the world, including Champion, The 
 Squire, Metchley Wonder, Sefton Hero, etc. He has sired over one 
 hundred first-prize winners, and is also sire of Ormskirk Charlie, the 
 English Champion sheep-driver, winner of over thirty prizes for driving 
 and penning sheep. 
 
 WELLESBOURNE CHARLIE^ the champion of champions. Fee 
 $50. Wellesbourne Charlie has an unequalled record. He has defeated 
 Champion Christopher, the Squire, Gold Dust, and many other cham- 
 pions, and is one of the most perfect Collies ever seen. 
 
 CHRISTIAN (by Christopher). Fee $25. Sire of Orme, Oliver, 
 Omen, etc. 
 
 PRINCE W^ILKES. Fee $15. 
 
 IRISH TERRIERS. 
 PINCHER. Fee $20. BRIGAND . Fee $10. 
 
 COCKER SPANIEL. 
 
 FASHION . Fee $15. Champion Fascination's best son. 
 
 Address all communications to 
 
 HHNRY JARRETT, 
 
 Chestnut Hill P O. PHILADELPHIA, Pa. 
 
 (68) 
 
Fox Terriers 
 
 . AND . 
 
 Scotch Deerhounds 
 
 * 
 
 Puppies for Sale by 
 
 CELEBRATED PRIZE WINNERS 
 
 OUT OF CHAMPION MATRONS. 
 
 NO BETTER BRED DOOS CAN BE KOUND 
 
 . . . Hillside Kennels . . . 
 
 LANCASTER, MASS 
 
 (69) 
 
St. Bernards 
 
 Cocker Spaniees 
 
 PRIZE WINNING AND 
 IMPORTED DOGS AT 
 STUD ■ ■ ■ ■ 
 
 Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue Sent on 
 Receipt of Stamps. 
 
 SWISS MOUNTAIN KENNELS 
 
 GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
 (70) 
 
. . STERLING . . . 
 
 Silver Dog Collars 
 
 SPECIAL COLLARS TO ORDER 
 
 COPYRIGHTED. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS 
 
 . . . FCIK . . . 
 
 Dog Collars, Spratt and Glover's Dog Remedies, Soaps, etc. 
 
 Spratt's Dog and Puppy Cake put up in 
 
 convenient packages. 
 
 Spratt and Glover s Book on Diseases of Dogs Free o?i Application. 
 
 JOHN R LO\'ELL ARMS CO. 
 
 general sporting goods, 
 
 147 Washington St., corner Brattle 
 
 BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 (71) 
 
WIRE-HAIRED FOX TERRIER 
 
 CHAMPION . 
 
 SAINT CR IBB AGE 
 
 Twice winner of the Grand Challenge Cup for the best rough or smooth Fox Terrier in the 
 
 Show, beating August Belmont's champion, " Blemton Victor 11.," 
 
 three years' holder of the Cup. 
 
 WINNER OF OVER FIFTY FIRST PRIZES AND CUPS IN EUROPE 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 J'rix d'Honneur for best Sporting Dog in the Show at Antwerp and Belgium 
 
 (hfty-three First I'rize winners competing). 
 First and Fox Terrier Club Cup, Oxford Pox Terrier Show, London, England. 
 First and Cup, Glasgow, Scotland, beating the celebrated smooth champion " Vice Regal. 
 
 IN THE STUD. FEE, $50. 
 
 PUPPIES F=OF? SALE OUT OF^ PRIZE - VdlMIMING BITCHES. 
 
 H. W. SMITH, 
 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 
 (72) 
 
OWNERS OF VALUABLE DOGS 
 
 SHOULD HAVE 
 
 . . Kennel Secrets . 
 
 By "ASHMONT." 
 
 The Most ExJiaiLstivc Treatise on the Dog ever Written. 
 
 With this in hand, the merest novice can manage, breed, and exhibit dogs as 
 scientifically as the most experienced. Moreover, it contains 
 
 150 EXQUISITE HALF-TONE PICTURES 
 
 Of the Grandest Dogs of all breeds the world has ever known, constituting it 
 priceless as a standard for dogs. 
 
 Price, $3.00. Postage or Expressage, 34 Cents. 
 
 IF YOUR DOC IS SICK, YOU .MUST HAVE 
 
 ASHMONT'S DISEASES OF DOGS 
 
 Which will tell you from what disease he is suffering, and how to cure the same. 
 
 Price, $2.00. 
 
 "MODERN TRAINING AND HANDLING" 
 
 By WATERS. 
 
 Gives the very essence of the Art of Training, and is universall}- con- 
 ceded to be far and away the best ivork of the kind ever piiblislicd. 
 
 Price reduced to $2.00. 
 
 THESE BOOKS SENT ON RECEIPT OF PRICE BY 
 
 J. Loring Thayer Publishing Company 
 
 248 BOYLSTON STREET, BACK BAY, BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 (73) 
 
FOR GUNS-REVOLVERS-RIFIES 
 AND ALL METAIS 
 
 ILEOm 
 
 IvUbricant and Rust Preventive 
 
 COMBINED 
 
 FOR ALL. MET^ALS. 
 
 It prevents pits in Shot-Gun and Rifle Barrels. It keeps metals 
 bright and free from tarnish and preserves their finish for years. Heat 
 or cold docs not affect its consistency. 
 
 . . IT NEVER GUMS OR DRIPS, . . 
 
 an advantage not possessed by any other lubricant in the world. 
 
 An indispensable article for all kinds of Fire Arms, Fine Machinery, 
 Gun Locks, Bicycles, Camp Kits, Surgical Instruments, Embalming 
 Instruments, Cutlery, Brass Work on Yachts, Copper and Steel Plate, 
 etc. In all respects the very best preparation for any metallic surfaces 
 where a non-gumming lubricant and rust preventive are required. 
 
 Six Sizes : Metal Collapsible Tubes, 15 and 25c., H lb. can 35c., 
 ^ lb. can 50c., I lb. can 75c. and 5 lb. can $3.00. 
 
 Beware of imitations, said to be "Just as Good." If your dealer 
 does not have Gunoleum, send 25 cents in stamps for large tube prepaid. 
 Address all communications to 
 
 The Charles WiUey Mfg. Co., ^ 
 
 BAY SHORE, Long Island, N. Y. 
 
 (74) 
 
. , Heather Kennels . . 
 
 HYDE PARK, MASS. 
 
 . . Breeders of . . 
 
 DANDIE DINMONTS 
 
 IRISH TERRIERS 
 
 AND 
 
 Chesapeake Bay Dogs 
 
 DANDIES AT STUD 
 
 . . . EDWARD BROOKS . . . 
 
 (75) 
 
:Biown Jfiencb Ip^ooblce 
 
 . AT STUD . . . 
 
 ^ 
 ^ 
 
 DIAMOND, A.K.C.S.B., 31,924. ist R.I.S.F., Newark; R. I. P.A., Philadel- 
 phia, '93 ; 2d Saratoga, New York, '94. 
 
 POOBAH, A.K.C.S.B., 32,747. ist Saratoga, New York, Boston, '94. 
 2d R.I.S.F., Newark, R.I.P.A., '93. 
 
 fee, $20 
 
 BLACK BITCHES SERVED AS WELL AS BROWN. 
 
 $25 will be given for the best poodle puppy, brown or black, sired by 
 either of these dogs during the year 1894. Prize to be competed for at the 
 Boston Show, 1895. Donors not to compete. 
 
 PUPPIES FOR SALE. 
 
 Pitppics by the above dogs out of prize winning stock. 
 
 . , 1btll 1Dur6t 1kcnnel6 . . 
 
 WELLESLEY, MASS. 
 
 (76) 
 
Stud Fox Terriers 
 
 (sniooth) 
 
 " HILLSIDE ROYAL," 32,342, formerly 27,707, by Starden's King and Hillside Freda. 
 
 Winner ist prize Novice Class, Chicago, '94. Fee, $10. 
 
 " RABY PRINCE," 30,583. By Raby Pallisy and Richmond Jesmine. Fee^ 5io. 
 
 Puppies and grown dogs out of Registered stock always on hand. 
 
 JAMES FERRIS BELT, 
 
 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. 
 
 WAWASET KENNELS. 
 
 The oldest makers of Breech Loading Shot 
 Guns in America. 
 
 The strongest shooting and best gun made. 
 Send for catalogue. 
 
 PARKER BROTHERS, Makers, 
 N. Y. Salesrooms, 97 Chambers St. MERIDEN, CONN. 
 
 WILFORD KENNELS 
 
 . . . OF . . . 
 
 Rough Coated Collies 
 
 WM. T. KORD, Proprietor, 
 
 Catalogue and prices on application. 
 
 COHOES, NEW YORK. 
 
 (77) 
 
MOREY KENNELS 
 
 PASSAIC, N.J. 
 
 '^i,*^ 
 
 French Poodles 
 
 (BLACK CURLY) 
 
 Prize Winners. Registered Stock 
 
 ... AT STUD . . . 
 
 CHALLENGE RAJAH 
 
 (A.K.C.S.B., 30,823) 
 
 TRIBUNE 
 
 (A.K.C.S.B.) 
 
 REE, $20.00 
 
 Address, C HAS. D. BERNHEIMER 
 
 21 WEST 4th STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. 
 
 SEND FOR CATALOGUE. 
 
 (7S) 
 
Prize Do^ Biscuit 
 
 MANUFACTURED FROM 
 
 Dr. Dennett's Food and other nutritious 
 and wholesome matter. Suitable for bone build- 
 ing and strengthening. 
 
 CHAMPION DUKE OF KENT II. 
 
 Dogs fed steadily on these biscuits show a 
 marked improvement. 
 
 We are prepared to supply dealers, kennels, 
 and dog shows. 
 
 Send for samples and prices. 
 
 MANUFACTURED BY . 
 
 BOSTON BAKERY 
 
 (UNITED STATES BAKING CO.) 
 
 465 Medford Street, 
 
 Boston, Mass, 
 
 (79) 
 
Columbia Beagle Kennels 
 
 BEAGLES AT STUD AND FOR SALE. 
 
 Write for Circulars and what you want. 
 
 Address, W. E. BKST, 
 
 No. -47 Allen Street. HUDSON, NEW YORK. 
 
 BAYONNE KENNELS 
 
 Breeders and Exhibitors of 
 Fashionable Strains of 
 
 Boston 
 
 Terriers 
 
 Prize winning dogs in the stud. Also puppies 
 for sale out of approved bitches. 
 
 Address, BAYONNE KENNELS, 
 
 No. 508 SWETT STREET, 
 C. C. KAMMERER, Manager. SOUTH BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 PLAZA KENNELS 
 
 W. H. CRONER, Proprietor. PIQUA, OHIO. 
 
 . . . Breeder of . . . 
 
 Thorcntghbred English Pugs, Mastiffs, French Poodles, 
 
 Pointers, Irish and English Setters, 
 
 Fox, Bull, Scotch, and Black and Tan Terriers. 
 
 (80) 
 
Forest Beagle Kennels 
 
 ... AT STUD . . . 
 
 Champion Forest Hunter, 25,517 
 
 FEE, $12.00 
 
 Bowman, 13,716 
 
 FEE, $15.00 
 
 In our Kennels are the following well-known matrons : 
 
 Champion Twintwo, 15,172. Winner of Twenty F"irst and Special I'rizes. 
 
 Champion June Rose, 25,520. Winner of three First and one Third at Field Trials, and one First 
 on the Bench. 
 
 Gypsy Forest, 25,592. Winner of four Seconds at Field Trials. One First on the Bench. 
 
 ViCK R, 25,522. Winner of one Second and two Thirds at Field Trial, antl five prizes on the 
 Bench. 
 
 Address all communications to 
 
 H. VERNER JANIIESOM, 
 
 XIKLROSK, AI^SS. 
 
 .Pat'd by A. G. HULBERT,,^^ «-„ ., _ SAFE^URABLEFENCE^ ONLY $80 PER MILE. 
 
 St.Louis, Mo.,U5(3 frf BOe Pflf l^-a-I<i li - U W 1>I JliitO „„,..^ ^.„„„L... ^„.^. 
 
 ^'^Ji^fn "*• A n-An-fo ""^''^ $200.00 perg^t^^^ 
 - AhQ U 'gai ^nc& "I I k^month and expenses ^^aoll 
 
 '^ ^'SS|T|r\ The best local and traveling agents wanted every- 
 
 '^*t'irr\M ^l^^rs- Write at once tor circulars and choiceter- 
 
 -^UlWi '"It"'"^- address A. G. Hulbert, Patentee, care of 
 
 "Mpil J^^^^^na'^^MO.Wt. Loullj«Mo: 
 
 " llljl Factory Catalogue with 200 engraved designs and 
 (J I prices, sent free to any who want fancy iron and 
 toJl wire work or city, cemetery and farm fences, etc 
 
 JAMES T. CLARK 
 
 XTafibennist 
 
 409 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON. MASS. 
 
 Formerly Chief Taxidermist with F. B. WEBSTER. 
 
 LARGE ANTMALS AND GAME HEADS A SPECL\LTY. FUR MATS AND RUGS. 
 ALL WORK GUARANTEED. 
 
 LARGE ♦ STOCK ♦ OF" ♦ GAME ♦ HEAD. 
 
 BUFFALO AND MOOSE HEADS FOR SALE. 
 
 (81) 
 
1Rina6a pointer IRcnnele 
 
 ADRIAN C. PICKHARDT, Proprietor. 
 
 ^•^ '^^ (*^ KENNELS AT IVI ASSAPEQU A., L. I. 
 
 ... IN THE STUD . . . 
 
 PRINCE REGENT 
 
 Sire Dam 
 
 Champion KING OF KENT WESTMINSTER INA 
 
 (Priam X Kent Baby) (Naso of Kippen X Madstone) 
 
 Prince Regent's fee is $25. Privilege of return. He is King of Kent's 
 dcs^ son, and is the lu^st dog out this year. He has won the only times shown 
 First and Special at New York Show, 1894, and First and Special for best dog 
 or bitch in the Show at Boston, 1894, beating all the champions, etc. He is a 
 grand field dog. His puppies are handsome, and he is a very strong stud dog. 
 
 SPENDTHRIFT 
 
 SlRE 
 
 Dam 
 
 Champion PONTIAC 
 
 BLOOM 
 
 (Bang II. X Climax) 
 
 (Graphic X Bi.oomo) 
 
 Fee, $25. Privilege of return. A grandly bred dog; beautifully made, 
 and by many said to be the best headed pointer in America. His puppies are 
 exceptionally fine, and full of hunt. 
 
 We offer for sale at pa)iic prices some very fine trained dogs and bitches. 
 These animals are ready to be hunted immediately, and are guaranteed to prove 
 satisfactory. Address 
 
 A. C. PICKHARDT 
 
 (82) 
 
Beaumont Kennels 
 
 938 PROSPECT AVE., NEW YORK. 
 
 Bench and Field Trial Winners — Imported and Native 
 
 Gordon Setters 
 
 Champion BELLMONT, . . . E. 20,404 A. K. C, 
 Champion HEATHER BEE. . . E. 28,934 
 Challenge HEATHER YORK, . . E. 28,930 
 Challenge FLOMONT, by champion Beaumont 
 Beaumont's BELLEMONT, by champion Beaumont, 
 ex champion Bellemont .... 
 
 HEATHER BRUCE, by Comus, ex Heather Bee 
 VENUS (champion Argus, ex Rhona) 
 COMUS (winner of four Firsts) .... 
 PSYCHE (grandsires, champions Turk and Rupert) 
 
 CC, 14 
 
 ,626 
 
 ' 22 
 
 640 
 
 20 
 
 .927 
 
 19 
 
 .273 
 
 31 
 
 ,600 
 
 31 
 
 ,900 
 
 ' 1 1 
 
 ,292 
 
 ' 1 1 
 
 ,232 
 
 * 1 1 
 
 285 
 
 Irish Setters 
 
 BEDFORD (winner of First, all-aged) 
 
 LADY ALICE (winner of Third, all-aged, at field 
 
 trials, Lexington, N. C, Dec, 1892) . 
 NUGGET 2d (winner of Second, Derby field trials, 
 
 Nov., 1893) 
 
 DUCHESS (champion Dick Swiveller, ex Yuba, 
 
 field broken) ...... 
 
 BRONX 2d (grandsires, champions Elcho, Jr., Molly 
 
 Bawn and Garryowen, field broken) . 
 SQUAW (field broken ; grandsires, champions Chief 
 
 and Glenco) ...... 
 
 A.K.C., 
 
 20,924 
 
 
 22,143 
 
 
 31.599 
 
 
 20,926 
 
 
 30,829 
 
 
 24,040 
 
 ALSO, PUPS. 
 
 (83) 
 
Newcastle Kennels 
 
 \ 
 
 
 f?^; 
 
 -f-"^. 
 
 CLUMBER 
 
 5PANIEL5. 
 
 (white and lemon.) 
 
 WIRE=HAIRED 
 SCOTCH TERRIERS. 
 
 HLACK, liRINDLED, OR SANDY.) 
 
 NONE BUT SELECTED STOCK SAVED OR SOLD. 
 
 CLUMBER SPANIELS 
 
 Champion NEWCASTLE, 5897 (Ben and Joan). 
 FRIAR BOSS, 22,532 (Muff, 20,583, and Boss III., 15,748). 
 And many others. Young stock usually for sale. 
 
 WIRE-HAIRED SCOTCH TERRIERS 
 
 BELLINGHAM BAILIFF, E.K.C.S.B. 
 CLAVERHOUSE, 33,160, A.K.R. 
 And many others. Puppies constantly on hand. 
 
 Address, JAIVLKS L. LITTLK, 
 
 GODDARD AVENUE, BROOKLINE, MASS. 
 
 (84) 
 
H. T. THURBER 
 
 . BREEDER OF 
 
 iMPR()\i:i) 
 
 FA vST- RUNNING 
 
 American Foxhounds 
 
 UNEXCELLED IN . . . 
 
 SPKKD 
 
 SCKNT 
 
 ENDURANCK 
 
 AND 
 
 SAOACITY 
 
 PUPPY ORDERS SOLICITED. 
 
 Address, DR. H. T. THURBER 
 
 167 CHARLES ST., PROVIDENCE, R. I. 
 
 All my noted Prize Winning Dogs at Stud to approved Bitches. 
 
 (85) 
 
A SPRAY FROM THE ATOMIZER WILL KILL FLEAS IN 
 
 ONE MINUTE ON 
 
 Cats and Dogs 
 
 TRADE 
 
 DR. HUBBARD'S 
 VEGETABLE 
 
 DISINFECTANT 
 DEODORIZER 
 
 AND 
 
 QERHICIDE 
 
 ATARK. 
 
 Applied from an Atomizer kills Moths, Ants, Vermin, every kind of insect, and 
 Fleas on Cats or Dogs, while Mosquitos will not come into a room where it is used. 
 
 A little applied in a kennel will kill all offensive odors, making it sweet and clean, 
 and killing disease germs. 
 
 Promotes health by killing disease germs. Once used, always used. 
 
 See what one of the foremost breeders says : — 
 
 J. HUBBARD, Esq. 
 
 My Dear Sik: — Having used your Disinfectant and Germicide for something over one year, and 
 having found it far preferable to any and all others I have ever used, both about my house and at my ken- 
 nels, where I keep a large number of Mastiffs and St. Bernards, I cheerfully add my testimony in favor of 
 its valuable ingredients. Have also used it for personal use in cases of Colds and Catarrh, and find it as 
 valuable for this as it is a disinfectant. 
 
 Yours very truly, E. B. SEARS, Boston and Melrose. 
 
 Fine Furs, Washington St. 
 
 For sale by all Druggists, and prepared only by 
 
 DR. J. HUBBARD & CO. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS AND PROPRIETORS, 
 
 23 Court Street, 
 
 Boston, IMass. 
 
 (86) 
 
SKYE TERRIERS 
 
 Clydesdale Terriers 
 
 PUPPIES FOR SALE, BY THE CHAMPION SKYE TERRIER 
 
 . . . SIR STAFFORD . . . 
 
 A. K. C.S.B., 33,731- 
 E. K. C. S. B., 21,389. 
 
 This dog is the only champion in America holding the honor for five years. He 
 has won more first and special prizes than any Skye that ever lived. Is sire and grand- 
 sire to more winners than any Skye ever bred in England or Scotland. He has defeated 
 Kingston Torv, the champion of England, and champion Sir Streatham of Scotland. 
 Has won all before him in America and Canada. Forty firsts and specials in the chal- 
 lenge class. 
 
 I have thirty-eight Skyes, the largest kennel of Skyes in the world. 
 
 PUPPIES OUT OF FIRST PRIZE WINNING DAMS, BOTH SKYE TERRIERS AND 
 CLYDESDALE TERRIERS, CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 
 
 C. A. SHINN 
 
 1709 CHERRY STREET, PHILADELPHIA, F»A. 
 
 (87) 
 
^tu6 £ngU6b ^asttfts 
 
 INGLESIDE MAXIMILIAN, 17.502. Sire, Ilford Chancellor; dam, Madge Minting. Pronounced 
 by the press as the largest and shortest headed dog living ; has proved himself a sure sire of first- 
 class stuck, his puppies winning at New York, Boston, Providence, and Newark. He is the sire 
 of Lady Diana, 27,275, and many other noted winners. 
 
 EMPEROR WILLIAM, 27,271. Sire, Ingleside Maximilian, 17,502; dam, Gerda II. Winner of 
 many prizes. 
 
 EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN, 27,272. Litter brother to the above, also winner of many prizes. 
 
 BEAUFORT PRINCE, 18 998. Sire, Beaufort ; Dam, Gerda. 
 
 Stud Fee for either of these Mastiffs $50, or $25 and second pick of puppies. 
 
 ^tu6 lEnglieb Bloo6boun6$ 
 
 ALCHYMIST, 33,752. Sire, Trimbush II ; dam, Maud. 
 
 WINNINGS IN ENGLAND. First K. C. Agricuhural Hall, (London), iS88 ; ist Royal Show Dublin, i8S8 ; ist 
 Darlington, iS88 ; ist K. C. Barn Elms ; 1st Bangor; ist K. C. Ormskirk ; ist Manchester ; ist and special Dundee, 1888 ; 
 ist Willingham, 18SS and 18S9 ; ist Chelmsford (challenge class); ist Darlington (.challenge class), 1S89; ist Liverpool (chal- 
 lenge class), i8gi ; ist Cambridge (challenge class), 1892 and 1893; ist Harlon (challenge class); ist Barking (challenge class), 
 1892 ; 1st Preston (challenge class); ist Maldon (challenge class), 1893 ; ist Boston, 1S94, and winner of numerous first prizes 
 in miscellaneous classes. Alchvmist is sire of over one hundred puppies out of eight bitches, and many of them noted prize 
 winners. 
 
 Enelisk Stock Keeper reports liim in 1891 : " Alchymist, wrinkle profuse, and second only to Cromwell's, whilst his 
 ears are absolutely the best possessed by any representative of his breed." 
 
 In speaking of the great Birmingham Dog Show, 1887, the Keimel Gazette says of him : "Alchymist, one of the big- 
 gest and most muscular hounds I have ever seen. His body is simply perfect, good sloping shoulders, immense wrinkle, plenty 
 of bone, good eye and leather, he has the largest ears of any Bloodhound living."' 
 
 Bloodhound BELHUS, 13,868. Sire, Ch. Barnaby, 17,078 ; dam, Beswing. 
 
 WINNINGS. First New York, i8go; First Boston, First New York, 1892 ; First Boston, First Providence, R. I., 
 First Newark, 1S93 ; First Chicago, 1894, also winner of many first prizes in England. 
 
 Bloodhound BERRY'S BRADSHAW, 29,622. Sire, Belhus, 13,868; dam, Benison, 23,621. 
 
 Winner of First Prize, New York, only time shown. 
 
 Stud Fee for above Bloodhounds $50, or $25 and second pick of pups. 
 
 Ht %i\\b, Hmcrican jfotbounb 
 
 OH. COMMODORE, A. K. C. S. B. 31,691. Three years old. 
 
 LIST OF WINNINGS. First at Lexington, Ky., Toronto, Canada, Danbury, Conn., Newark, N. J., Chicago, 111., 
 1893 ; First challenge at Akron, Ohio, 1893 ; First challenge, Chicago, 111., New Orleans, La., Louisville, Ky., 1894. 
 
 Champion Commodore is an exceedingly handsome, stylish black and tan; is a typical American Foxhound, both on 
 the bench and in the field. He is of the celebrated Robinson-Marpin strain, being a descendant of Robinson's Fury and Mar- 
 pin's Fanny; is an indefatigable hunter, a good trailer, and has plenty of speed, dash and fire. The staying qualities of this 
 strain are too well known to require comment. In addition to his field qualities he has made a record on the bench unequalled by 
 any American Foxhound in the history of the A K.. C. He commenced his bench show career by winning first in his class at 
 Lexington, there being a total entry of 153 foxhounds, selected from the most celebrated packs in the State, within six months 
 he had won the title of champion, and is to-day the only Champion Foxhound dog in America. As this is his first public season 
 in the stud, he will be allowed to serve a limited number of approved bitches. Stud Fee, $10. 
 
 DR. C. A. LOU G EST", breeder and importer of 
 
 ENGLISH MASTIFFS and ENGLISH BLOODHOUNDS. 
 
 ITl'PIES OF ABO\'E STOCK ALWAYS FOR SALE. 
 
 MT. VERNON KENNELS, FRANKLIN. MASS. 
 
 All Letters to be Addressed to 313 COLUMBUS AVE., BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 (88) 
 
Xakota jfiebing (Srounbe 
 
 IN FOREST COUNTY, WISCONSIN, 
 NEAR CONOVER STATION ON 
 %A THE ASHLAND D IVISION OF THE ^ 
 
 CHICAGO AND NORTHWESTERN 
 RAILWAY . . . 
 
 . . PROPRIETOR 
 
 HARVEY L. GOOD ALL, 
 
 . . . AND MANAGER 
 
 T/ie best aiid most attractive FisJiing, Hunting and 
 Health Resort in the Xorthwest. 
 
 (I^= VICTIMS OF CATARRH OR HAY FEVER FIND QUICK AND CERTAIN 
 
 RELIEF AND CURE. 
 
 Ample provisions for the accommodation of visitors at reasonable rates. 
 
 Applications for accommodations should be addressed to Harvey L. 
 GOODALL, Lakota, Eagle River P.O., Wisconsin. For general information to 
 the editor Drovers' Journal, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111., or W. A. ThrALL, 
 General Passenger and Ticket Agent C. & N. W. Railway. Chicago, 111. 
 
 (89) 
 
Blue - (Sraee - IRcnnele 
 
 *CLLL" 
 
 PUJ^B BRED GOODMAN OR 
 
 KENTUCKY RED BOXHOUNDS 
 
 ^itr 
 
 '^^^■''^HP2 strain that has won all the first and most desired prizes for the 
 past two years at the field trials of the Brunswick Ywx Club's meets. 
 A strain that wins on the bench or in the field wherever exhibited. 
 
 C\JVJl^ ' DICK • COLONEL • OAN 
 
 In the Stud. Fees reduced to $io. 
 
 Dick is full brother to Kinney and White's " Logan," also half brother to 
 Pope's " Cla}'." Both noted dogs, and field trial vrinners. 
 
 Pups, )'Oungsters, and trained well "hunted" hounds on hand and for sale 
 at all times. Write for catalogue and prices. 
 
 R. II. POOLER, 
 
 SERENA, ILLINOIS. 
 
 (90) 
 
FERD. SENN 
 
 Importer and Breeder of 
 
 SMALL PET DOGS 
 
 No. 278 WEST nth STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y, 
 
 The oldest and most successful breeder and exhibitor in America. A specialty in 
 all kinds of Ladies' Pet Dogs, King Charles Spaniels, Blenheim Spaniels, Prince Charles 
 Spaniels, Ruby Spaniels, and constantly on hand the largest stock of Japanese Spaniels, 
 Yorkshire Terriers (with the longest of coats), from three to six pounds in weight, 
 Maltese Terriers, Black and Tan (of the smallest breed). Pugs, Minotaur bred Pomer- 
 anians, Black, White, and Chocolate. 
 
 DOGS IN THE STUD 
 
 The Celebrated Romeo, 9,230 
 
 (The shortest faced King Charles Spaniel living.) 
 
 King of the Charlies, 27,115 
 
 (That never was beaten.) 
 
 Old Gold, 27,116 
 
 (The Ruby Spaniel, one of the best dogs in the Stud.) 
 
 Japanese Spaniel \ atsu 
 
 ^Beautifully coated, weight, six pounds.) 
 
 YORKSHIRE TERRIERS. 
 
 DUKE. Weight, seven pounds ; twenty inches of coat. 
 BRANDY. Weight, four pounds ; fifteen inches of coat. 
 
 (91) 
 
OTTER COATED 
 
 Chesapeake Bay Dogs 
 
 (DUCK RETRIEVERS) 
 
 Have won over thirty first, special, and 
 
 kennel prizes, making our kennel pre-eminently 
 
 the best collection of trained 
 
 standard-bred Chesapeakes ever known in 
 
 the history of the breed. 
 
 XHK COrvIINa CHAMPIONS 
 
 ■•'Cr.EVELAND, A.K.C.S.B., 30,464(151 Challenge, Boston and Louisville) 
 
 AND 
 
 BiGELOw's Rose, A.K.C.S.B., 32,897 (ist Challenge, Boston, 1S94) 
 
 HEAD THE KENNEL WITH THE FOLLOWING MATES: 
 
 TivoLi (31,136), winner of three First Prizes. 
 *RouGH, winner of five First Prizes. 
 *TucKERNUCK Prince, 1st Chicago, '94. 
 
 TucKERNUcK Favorite, V.H.C, New York. 
 *Marengo II. and Otter Girl, both winners. 
 
 *Stud Dogs, terms private. 
 
 Puppies from choice matings, and prices quoted 
 
 on young stud dogs, brood bitches, 
 
 and kennels. 
 
 Address, B. AlTON SmITH, MngV. 
 
 NORTH ATTLEBORO, MASS. 
 
 BOX 229. 
 
 W. S. BIGELOW, Prop'r. 
 
 (92) 
 
I 
 
 . Bull Terriers-Bull Dors . 
 
 FRANK F. DOLE, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Largest collection in America of above breeds. All breeds of dogs conditioned and 
 shown. Bull Terrier Puppies always on sale. 
 
 ... AT STUD . . . 
 
 GULLV THE GREAT 
 
 I'KICES REASONABLli. 
 
 SEND FOR A SAMPLE COPY 
 
 ^i^Canabian %voc Stoch 
 an6 jfarm journal . . 
 
 T/ic Leading 
 
 Stock 
 
 and 
 
 A srricultnral 
 
 Paper 
 
 of 
 
 Canada . . . 
 
 
 
 If you wish to subscribe for a high-class Journal, 
 or if you have goods that you are desirous of bring- 
 ing under the notice of the best class of Canadian 
 farmers, drop us a card, and we will give particulars 
 as to rates, etc. Address 
 
 ITbe (^ana^ian Xive Stock 3ournal, 
 
 No. 20 BAY STREET, 
 
 TORONTO, CANADA. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, $1.00 PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE. 
 
 (93) 
 
 % 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
THE SCOTTISH TERRIER CHAMPION, "TIREE" (A.K.C.S.B., 30,685). 
 
 The property of Brooks and Ames, Wankie Kennels, West Medford and North Easton, Mass. 
 
 (94) 
 
..WANKIE KENNELS.. 
 
 WEST MEDFORD, MASS. 
 
 BROOKS & AMES, Proprietors. 
 
 Breeders and Importers df 
 
 Scottish Terriers 
 
 
 . . AT STUD . . . 
 
 CH. TIREE, KILROY, RHUDUNAN, 
 
 . . . KILCREE . . . 
 
 WANKIE TAM, WANKIE TED, 
 
 and KILBAR 
 
 ■^V 
 
 FOR PEDIGREES AND INFORMATION ADDRESS 
 
 JAMES E. GREEN, Manager. 
 
 (951 
 
Cohannet Kennels 
 
 ^n 
 
 AT STUD 
 
 KENT n. 
 
 (A.K. C.S. B., 12,673) 
 
 I am devoting my entire time to breeding, raising, breaking, and handling 
 
 . . . ENGLISH SETTERS . . . 
 
 I can always furnish broken or unbroken dogs or puppies. I have at present a litter of 
 beautiful pups that I will sell low, by Count de Noble (Count Noble X Florence 
 Gladstone) out of imported Ladv Kexdalt-, 12,674 (Sir William X Mena II). 
 My motto is : — 
 
 SQL' A RE DEALING, GOOD GOODS AT FAIR PRICES! 
 
 ♦♦♦♦♦♦ 
 
 W. EVERETT JONES, East Taunton, Mass. 
 
 (96; 
 
Seacroft Kennels 
 
 MANCHESTER = BY - THE = SEA 
 
 t 
 
 Russian 
 Wolfhounds 
 
 AND 
 
 ■^f Fox Terriers 4- 
 
 Dogs, Brood Bitches, and Puppies generally on 
 
 hand. Apply to 
 
 MANAGER SEACROFT KENNELS 
 
 Press of Carl H. Heintzemann, Boston, Mass. 
 
THE IDEAL DOG FOOD. 
 
 
 IN SPITE OP . . . 
 
 THE GENERAL "HARD TIMES" 
 
 THE SPURIOUS IMITATIONS 
 
 THE LOWER PRICED 
 
 THE "JUST AS GOOD?" 
 
 . . , THE BOOKS OF . . . 
 
 Spratts Patent 
 
 Show the largest sale for the first six months of 1894, than for any similar period 
 
 of their existence, of their 
 
 »!• 
 
 OG CAKES 
 
 Why? Because RESULTS are obtained from their use, which can never be obtained 
 from the use of inferior biscuits. SPRATTS DOG CAKES are in the forefront — 
 always have been — and will always continue so — others imitate and try to follow. 
 
 '•'Ashmont" writes us: 
 
 94 BOYLSTON Street, Boston, Mass. 
 SPRATTS PATENT, LIMITED: 
 
 Gentlemen, — It is with great pleasure that I testify to the value of your fooJ. I have used many tons of it in my 
 kennels, and have yet to meet with a sinj^le instance where it proved unsuitable, or was followed by any ill etfect what- 
 ever. It is my custom to commence feeding puppies with it as early as the seventh week of life. The Cakes I reduce to 
 a fine meal, with which I thicken their milk. This meal is fed once a day at first, oftener after a short time, and when the 
 puppies are old enough, the unbroken cakes become one of the most important articles of food. Since employing this 
 method of feeding, the fatality among my young stock has been much less than formerly, and their growth has been more 
 rapid and healthier. (Signed) "ASHMONT." 
 
 B, F. Lewis, the great dog handler and breeder writes : 
 
 Lansdovvne, Pa., JuIv 14, i8g4. 
 Messrs. SPRATTS PATENT. 245 East 56th St., New York, N.Y. 
 
 Gentlemen, — The e.xcellence of your Dog Cakes is not to be doubted. Having at various times, both in Europe 
 and this country, used different kinds of Dog Cakes, I can most conscientiously say that yours are the best. The many 
 tons that I am constantly ordering from you, is evidence that I think they have no equal. I consider that my success in 
 the ring, and the condition of my dogs are greatly due to your world-renowned cakes. 
 
 Yours very truly, B. F. LEWIS. 
 
 SPRATTS DOC SOAP is sure death to fleas, and makes the coat soft 
 and glossy. 
 
 SPRATTS DOC MEDICINES cure all CANINE DISEASES. 
 
 On sale by Grocers, Sporting Cioods Dealers and Druggists. 
 
 DOCS TO BOARD 
 
 Send for gratis pamphlet, " Dog Diseases, and How to Cure them," to 
 
 SPI>iATTS PATENT, Limited 
 
 239-245 EAST 56th STREET NEW YORK CITY