7>e SERVICE W its INSIGNIA BAILEY, BANKS dc BIDDLE COMPANY ** PHILADELPHIA THE SERVICE AND ITS INSIGNIA BAILEY, BANKS &^ MIDDLE COMPANY PHILADELPHIA With the entrance of the United States in the Great World War, the organizations and the insignia of our Military forces have become a subject of increasing interest. Civilians generally are unfamiliar with the various device used to designate the depart- ments and rank of officers. As an aid to those wishing to be able to distinguish at first sight the branch of the service or the rank of an officer, this brochure has been issued by the Bailey, Banks SC Biddle Company. OCT 24 191/ ARRANGED AND PRINTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATIONERY BAILEY, BANKS & BIDDLE COMPANY COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY THE BAILEY, BANKS & BIDDLE COMPANY BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY PHILADELPHIA THE GENERAL STAFF THE Act of Congress, approved February 14, 1903, establishing the General Staff Corps and creating a Chief of Staff, termi- nated the office of Commanding General of the Army. The Chief of Staff is detailed by the President from the officers of the Ai'my at large not below the grade of Brigadier General, and under the direc- tion of the President, or of the Secretary of War under direction of the President, has supervision of all troops of the Line and of the Adjutant General's, Inspec- tor General's, Judge Advocate General's, Quartermaster's, Medical, and Ordnance Departments, the Corps of Engineers, and Signal Corps, and perform such other military duties not otherwise assigned by law, as may be assigned to him by the President. The Chief of Staff may or may not be the senior officer of the Army. The Insignia is the Coat of Arms of the United States, three-quarters of an inch high, superimposed on a five-pointed star, star to be an inch and a quarter in diameter. The Military forces of the United States will be composed of The Regular Army, The National Guard and The National Army. THE REGULAR ARMY The Regular Army consists of the General Officers, the General Staff Corps, the Bureaus or Departments enumerated above, the U. S. Military Academy, the Chaplains, the Post Non-commissioned Staff, the Coast Artillery Corps, the Field Artillery, the Battalions of Engineers, the Regiments of Cavalry and of Infantry, the Indian Scouts, the Retired Officers, the Retired Enlisted Men, and the Porto Rico Regiment of Infantry. The Insignia on collar of coat for all officers of the Regular Army to be the letters U. S., in Gothic design, five-eighths of an inch in heigh th, each letter to be followed by a period. US BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA The insignia of the Arms of the service and the several depart- ments as well as buttons are made of dull finish bronze when worn in the service uniform (olive Drab or Khaki). When worn with Dress uniform, they are manufactured of gold or gilt metal except- ing the Corps of Engineer wear collar devices made of silver. THE OFFICERS' RESERVE CORPS For the purpose of securing a reserve of officers available for service as temporary officers in the Regular Army, the President has been authorized by act of Congress to appoint and commission officers in the various sections of the Offi- cers' Reserve Corps in all grades up to and including that of Major, such citizens as, upon examination shall be physically, mentally and morally quaUfied to hold such positions. The insignia for collar of coat is formed of bronze letters U. S. R. in Gothic design, five-eighths of an inch in heighth. THE NATIONAL GUARD The United States National Guard compris9s the organized and uniformed militia of the various States, Territories and District of Columbia. The insignia on collar of coat for all officers of National Guard will be the letters U. S., of Gothic design, superim- posed with letters N. G. THE NATIONAL ARMY The United States National Army will comprise the men who have been called to the colors through the operation of the law generally known as the selective draft. The insignia for collar of coat for all officers of the National Army will be the letters U. S., of Gothic design, superimposed with initials N. A. 4 n r:=?) D_Z^^ BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY PHILADELPHIA THE ADJUTANT GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT The Adjutant General's Department is the bureau of orders, correspondence, and records of the Army. All orders and instruc- tions emanating from the President of the United States, the Secretary of War, the Chief of Staff, or any offi- cer with a command equal to or greater than a brigade, are communicated to troops and in- dividuals in the military service through this department. The office of The Adjutant General of the Army is the repository for the records of the War Department relating to the history of every officer and soldier in the Ai-my (regular and volunteer), and to the movements and operations of troops, the records of all appointments, promotions, resignations, deaths, and other casual- ties. The preparation and distribution of commissions, etc., pertain to this office, which also has charge of the recruiting of the Army and of the records of the volunteer armies and of the pension and other business of the War Department connected therewith. The insignia of the Adjutant General's Department is a shield of bronze metal one inch in heighth and three-quarters of an inch in width. THE INSPECTOR GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT The Inspector General's Department exercises, by inspections, general observation over all matters pertaining to the efficiency of the Army, the condition and state of supplies of all kinds, of arms and equipments, of the expenditure of public property and moneys, and the condition of accounts of all disbursing officers, of the conduct, disci- pline, and efficiency of officers and troops. The insignia of this department is a sword and fasces crossed and wreathed in bronze 5 BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA metal and the inscription "Droit et Avant" in relief letters in upper part of wreath. The device to be one inch in heighth. THE JUDGE ADVOCATE'S DEPARTMENT The Judge Advocate General's Department is the bureau of military justice. The head of the Department is known as the Judge Advocate General, and is the custodian of the records of all gen- eral court-martial, courts of inquiry, and military commissions. The insignia of this department is a sword and pen crossed and wreathed in bronze metal, one inch in heighth. THE QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT The Quartermaster's Department is charged with the duty of providing the Ai'my with transportation, animals, forage, fuel, clothing, camp and garrison equipage, barracks, store-houses, and other buildings. This Department furnishes all the supplies needed in the Army, except ordnance stores, medical supplies, and signal and engineer supplies. It attends to all matters connected with military operations which are not expressly assigned to some other bureau of the War Department. The Subsistence and Pay Departments have been consolidated with the Quarter- master's Department. The duty of the former was to supply the army with the means of subsistence, and the latter had charge of the supply and distribution of and accounting for funds for pay- ment of the army. The insignia of the Quartermaster's Corps is a sword and key crossed on a wheel surmounted by a spread eagle in bronze metal. The device to be one inch in heighth. 6 BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT The Medical Department is charged with the supervision of the sanitary condition of the Army, the care of the sick and wounded, the physical examina- tion of officers and enlisted men, the man- agement and control of military hospitals, etc. It is the most independent of all the staff departments, planning its own hospitals, transporting its own sick and wounded in the field and supplying its own medicines, litters, blankets, instrimients, etc. The device is a Caduceus of bronze metal, one inch in heighth. The same insignia is used by the Dental Corps with the addition of the letters D. C. superimposed upon the center in monogram form. THE ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT The Ordnance Department is charged with supplying the Army, by purchase or manufacture, with arms, equipments, ammunition tand everything else pertaining to the fighting material. It also establishes and maintains arsenals and dej^ots for the manufacture, repairing and safe-keeping of ord- nance stores, and provides horse equipments and field outfits for soldiers, such as haversacks, canteens, tin cups, meat ration cans, knives, forks, and spoons. The insignia of the Ordnance Department is a shell and flame of bronze metal, one inch in heighth. THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS The duties of The Engineer Depart- ment or Corps of Engineers comprise reconnoitering, surveying and map- making for military purposes, includ- ing the construction and repair of fortifications, the planning and super- intendence of defensive or offensive works in the field, and the construction BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE CO MPANY : PHILADELPHIA of military roads and bridges. Many officers of the Corps are detailed to take charge of river and harbor improvements, construct- ing breakwaters, opening channels for the navigation of rivers, superintending the erection of important public buildings, etc. Vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant are filled from the graduates of West Point standing highest in their classes. The device of the Corps of Engineers is a turreted castle made of bronze, one inch in heighth. Made in silver when not worn on Service uniform, THE SIGNAL CORPS The Signal Corps is charged with the construction, repair and operation of military telegraph and telephone lines and cables, field telegraph trains, balloon trains, aeroplanes, etc. The Chief Signal Officer has supervision of the instruction in military signaling and telegraphy pre- scribed by the War Department, and he is also charged with the procurement, pre- servation and distribution of tha necessary supplies for the Signal Corps and for the lake and sea coast defense. The insignia of the Signal Corps is two crossed signal flags with a torch in the center of bronze metal, one inch in heighth. THE U. S. MILITARY ACADEMY The United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, constitutes an independent command. The body of students at the Academy is known as the United States Corps of Cadets. The Cadets constitute a part of the Army, but are not officers; they rank next below veterinarian, taking precedence over all non- commissioned officers of the Army. Graduates are commissioned as second lieutenants. There are two general classes of men in the Army, viz: Commissioned officers and Enlisted men. The EnUsted men constitute the Rank and File as that term is now generally understood. BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA The commissioned officers exercise a certain authority over others, by virtue of a commission issued to them by the President of the United States. The enhsted men are divided into two general classes Privates and Non-Commissioned officers. Privates exercise no authority except as may be given them temporarily by an immediate superior. Non-Commission Officers are given warrents, by virtue of which they exercise a limited authority; they are called Sergeants and Corporals. The officers and enlisted men of the Army are divided into two grand divisions, viz: The Staff and the Line. The Staff consists of the General Staff Corps and the depart- ments as previously described. The Line does the active work such as marching, fighting, cam- paigning, etc.. and consists of the Cavalry, the Field Artillery, the Coast Artillery, the Infantry. These are called the arms of the Service. Act of Congress approved March 2, 1899 provides that the Battalion of Engineers and the officers serving therewith shall constitute a part of the line of the Army. The primary duties of the Battalions of Engineers, however, are to construct saps, mines, pontoons, military bridges, etc., and to superintend working parties on military roads and fortifications, etc. The Line also furnishes garrisons for fortified and unfortified posts and in time of peace is occupied with drills, studies, and other matters which tend to the conservation of the organization, instruc- tion and discipline of the various arms. THE UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY The United States Naval Academy was founded in 1845 by the Hon. George Bancroft, Secretary of the Navy, and the course of in- struction is for four years. By Act of Congress approved 1902, the title "Naval Cadet" was changed to "Midshipman," and the class gradu- ating from the Naval Academy June, 1912, was the first class to be graduated as Ensigns. BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA By an act of Congress July 9, 1913, it was provided — "That after June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and thirteen, and until June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, there shall be allowed at the Naval Academy two midshipmen for each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress, one for Porto Rico, two for the District of Columbia, and ten appointed each year at large. THE COAST ARTILLERY The Coast Artillery Corjis is charged with the care and use of the fixed and movable elements of land and coast fortifications, including submarine mine de- fenses. The insignia of the Coast Artillery is two crossed cannons of metal with an oval- shaped raised center, with pro- jectile, point up, of same metal, the device to be one inch in heighth. THE FIELD ARTILLERY The Field Artillery is the artillery which accompanies an army in the field and includes light artillery, horse artillery, siege artillery, and mountain artillery. The minimum strength of a regiment of Field Artillery of three-inch field guns is forty-one Commissioned Offi- cers and eight hundred and fifty-six enlisted men. The maximum strength is forty- one Commissioned Officers and twelve hundred and sixty-seven enlisted men. The insignia of the Field Artillery is two crossed field guns in metal, one inch in heighth. The number of the regiment three-eighths of an inch high in the upper angle. BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA INFANTRY The Mobile Army consists of the Infantry, Cavalry, Field Artillery and such troops as may be assigned to complete prescribed tactical organizations of these three arms. Infantry are the foot soldiers equipped with small arms. By reason of the nature of the fighting in trenches, the In- fantry has been greatly aug- mented by all the nations at war. Minimum strength of a regiment of Infantry is fifty-six Com- missioned Officers and thirteen hundred and sixty-one enlisted men. Maximum strength is fifty-six Commissioned Officers and two thousand and two enlisted men. The insignia consists of two crossed rifles one inch in heighth, with the number of the regiment, three-eighths of an inch high, in the upper angle. CAVALRY The arm of the military service consisting of mounted troops. Minimum strength of a regiment of Cavalry is fifty-nine Commis- sioned Officers and ten hundred and twenty-eight enlisted men. Maximum strength is fifty-nine Com- missioned Officers and fif- teen hundred and twenty enlisted men. The insignia consists of two crossed sabres, one inch in heighth, with the number of the regiment three-eighths of an inch high in upper angle. BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY PHILADELPHIA nv5 ^ /^l O " OOUGLAS .' ~ - "^ A M / Camp Greene, Charlotte, N. C. Camp Wadsworth, Calvert, S.,C. Camp Hancock, Wheless, Ga. Camp McClellan, Anniston, Ala. Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C. Camp Wheeler, Macon, Ga. Camp McArthur, Waco, Texas Camp Logan, Houston, Texas Camp Cody, Deming, N. M. Camp Doniphan, Ft. Sill, Okla. Camp Bowie, Ft. Worth, Texas Camp Sheridan, Montgomery, Ala. Camp Shelby, Hattiesbnrg, Miss. Camp Beauregard, Alexandria, La. Camp Kearney, San Diego, Cal. Camp Fremont, Palo Alta, Cal. ^^:iA / Nc-w MEXICO ; ; ▼ OEM I NO ^x ^ i r r--- Camp Devens, Ayer, M.-\ss. Camp Upton, Long Island, N. V. Camp Dix, Wrightstown, N. J. Camp Meade, Admiral, Md. Camp Lee, Petersburg, Va. Camp Jackson. Columbia, S. C. Camp Gordon, Atlanta, Ga. Camp Sherman, Chillicothe, Ohio Camp Tavlor, Louisville, Ky. Camp Custer, Battle Creek, Mich. Camp Grant, Rockford, 111 Camp Pike, Little Rock, Ark. Camp Dodge, Des Moines, Iowa Camp Funston, Fort Riley, Kan. Camp Travis, San Antonio, Texas Camp Lewis, Tacoma, Wash. • ""« MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF UN BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA POCK FOR';! Oi W A 0E5 MOiNETS/ .J W^' ^ T National Army ▼ National Guar<3 ■ AviatioN S.t-es Q FORTS -eARRACkS ■^ OFncersTtuMNiN^ Campus STATES ARMY TRAINING CAMPS [^AILIiY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY PHILADELPHIA ORDER OF RANK The order of rank and the relation to each other of the Com- missioned hne Officers of the Army and Navy is as follows: ARMY General Lieutenant General Major General Brigadier General Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Major Captain First Lieutenant Second Lieutenant NAVY Admiral Vice Admiral Rear Admiral Commodore Captain Commander Lieutenant Commander Lieutenant Lieutenant (Junior Grade) Ensign INSIGNIA OF RANK-ARMY LIEUTENANT GENERAL— One large silver star, an inch and a quarter in diameter. Two small silver stars, fifteen-sixteenths of an inch in diameter. MAJOR GENERAL— Two silver stars, fifteen-sixteenths of an inch in diameter. BRIGADIER GENERAL-One silver star, fifteen-sixteenths of an inch in diameter. (The Army has recently promoted Officers to rank of General) -^.^p.,^ REGULATION SIZE COLONEL— Silver spread eagle, three-fourths of an inch high and two inches between stretch of wings. BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA INSIGNIA OF RANK LIEUTENANT COLONEL— A silver leaf, one inch high, one inch across. MAJOR— Gold leaf of the same design, size and shape as for Lieutenant Colonel. REGULATION SI CAPTAIN— Two silver bars, each one-quarter of an inch wide and one inch long. The bars are placed one- quarter of an inch apart. FIRST LIEUTENANT— One silver bar, one-quarter inch wide and one inch long. .,«-. *t Cap Device Commissioned Officers U. S. Navy Cap Device Commissioned Officers U. S. Army Cap Device S. Marine Corps All Insignia of Rank may be procured in miniature size, to be pinned on the collar of shirt when the blouse is not worn 15 BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA Button for uniform of Officers U. S. Army Engineers Button for unifoitn of Officers U. S. Army except Engineers (Coat size) Button for uniform of Officers U. S. Army except Engineers (Vest size) NAVAL OFFICERS iiiiiiiilPw^'^ COLLAR DEVICES ADM I R/ liiiiiiiillililiiiiiiiiMiiiuiiiiiiiiilliiiliiiiiMiiniiiniiMiiiMiii I m 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III n 1 1 n ; 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 w COMMANDER SILVER OAK LEAF' •UEUTENANTCOMMANDER- GOLD OAK LEAF LIEUTENANT- ilMi lieutenant(junior] CHAPL-AIN BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA The Company is the smallest constant fundamental unit and is divided into Squads, Sections and Platoons. A Company is com- manded by a Captain assisted by First Lieutenants and Second Lieutenants. The term Company is used in speaking of the Infantry, Coast Artillery, and Engineers. In the Field Artillery this unit is called a Battery and in the Cavalry, a Troop. The Battalion (called Squadron in the Cavalry) consists of four companies and is the proper command for a Major. A Lieutenant Colonel may be appropriately assigned to the command of any part of a regiment larger than a battalion, or to the command of a battalion in the absence of its major. The Regiment, which is the ac'ministrative unit in the Cavalry, Field Artillery, Infantry, Corps of Engineers, is the proper com- mand for a Colonel. It usually consists of three battalions. The Colonel is assisted in the discharge of his duties by the Regimental Staff. A Brigade consists of two or more regiments and is the proper command for a Brigadier General. A Division consists of two or more brigades, usually including several arms of the service and is the proper command for a Major General. An Army Corps consists of two or more divisions organized under one command, and is the proper command for a Lieutenant General. An Army consists of two or more Army Corps and is the proper command for a General. An Army consists of headquarters, two or more infantry divisions, one or more cavalry brigades or a cavalry division, a field artillery brigade, one telegraph battalion, one field signal battalion, and ammunition, supply engineer, and sanitary trains. An infantry division is described by the recently enacted Hay bill, is composed of a headquarters, three infantry brigades, a cavalry regiment, an artillery brigade, an engineer regiment, a field- signal battalion, one aero squadron, and various trains. In the cavalry the structure is similar, a division representing, in addition to headquarters, three cavalry brigades, a regiment of 17 BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA field artillery (horse), a battalion of mounted engineers, a mounted signal battalion, an aero squadron, and trains. ARM OF SERVICE Designated by hat cords: Infantry, light blue; Cavalry, yellow; Artillery, scarlet; Signal Corps, orange; Engineers, scarlet and white; Sanitary or Hospital Corps, maroon and white; Quarter- master Corps, buff. Rosettes or buttons of approved pattern to consist of ribbons of the same color of those that pertain to the several service medals and badges are authorized for optional wear with civilian clothing on the part of those persons to whom such medals and badges have been awarded. THE MEDAL OF HONOR The American Medal of Honor which is awarded by the Congress of the United States for valor or heroism in action is treasured by holders more than other possessions. By reason of its world-wide reputa- tion and its unexcelled facilities, the company was awarded the contract for the manufacture of the Medal of Honor over all competitors. The Government has issued a bronze medal to the officers and enlisted men serving in the various campaigns: The Civil War, Indian Campaign, Spanish, Philippine, China and Nicaraugua Campaigns; also Army of Cuban Paci- fication, Cuban Occupation, and a Certificate of Merit Badge. BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA AVIATION SECTION OF THE SIGNAL CORPS An Act of Congress approved on July 24th, 1917, authorizes the President to increase temporarily the Signal Corps of the army and to purchase, manufacture, maintain, repair and operate airships. For the purpose of carrying the act into effect a sum of $640,000,000 was appropriated. Aviator's Device The officers detailed in or attached to the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps may when qualified therefor, be rated as Junior Mili- tary Aviators, Military Aviators, Junior Military Aeronauts and Military Aeronauts but no person shall be so rated until there shall be issued to him a certificate to the effect that he is qualified for the rating. SERVICE RIBBONS Philippines Congressional Cuban Pacification and Philippine Campaigns In these days when soldiers and sailors in uniform are so fre- quently seen on the streets a good many persons must have wondered what is the meaning of the narrow stripes of party-colored ribbon that some of the men wear on their left breast. These little stripes are service ribbons: to the initiated they tell in what campaigns the wearer has served and what medals or distinctions he has won. BAILEY. BANKS AND B IDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA Obviously, it would be impractical for the possessor to wear his medals and his badges on his service uniform, and so he wears the little ribbon symbol instead. The significance of the ribbons is as follows: Congressional Medal of Honor — white stars on a field of light-blue silk. This medal is awarded only by Congress for some particular deed of gallantry in action. It is the most coveted of all army honors. Certificate of Merit Badge — two red, white and blue bands sep- arated by a thin band of white, the blue being outermost in each instance. This honor is conferred by the President. Philippines Congressional Medal — blue band in centre flanked by stripes of white, red, white and blue, the blue on the outermost edges of the ribbon. This ribbon is worn by those men who stayed in the service after the conclusion of the Spanish-American War to put down the insurrection in the Philippines. Civil War — campaign ribbon of equal-sized bands of blue and gray. Indian Wars — bright red, with narrow edges of deeper red. Spanish Campaign — 'alternating stripes of yellow and blue. This is the most familiar of all campaign ribbons. Philippine Campaign — ^blue band in centre, flanked by narrower bands of red, blue edges. Cuban Occupation (time of Spanish War, and several years there- after) — ^blue in centre, flanked by narrow yellow stripes, then broader red stripes, and finally blue borders. Cuban Pacification (indicating service in Cuba during the period 1906-1909, when the United States straightened out governmental affairs for the new republic) — ^broad olive-drab centre, flanked by three narrow stripes of red, white and blue, the red on the outer- most edges. China Campaign (indicating service in the China Relief Expe- dition) — broad band of yellow with narrow borders of blue. Ribbons for gallantry in action are worn farthest to the left, followed by campaign ribbons in chronological order. Regulations prescribe that the ribbons will be worn on the left breast in a horizontal line about four inches below the middle point of the top of the shoulder. If necessary to have more than one line of ribbons, the other lines wiU be placed below and parallel three- eighths of an inch between the lines. BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA The Navy Department and United States Marine Corps have authorized a ribbon for Nicaraugan Campaign in addition to the ones above described which are used in common with the Army. It is a broad band of red between bands of blue with a narrow stripe of red on either edge. This Company has recently been commissioned to design a badge and ribbon commemorating service of the officers and men of the United States Navy and of the United States Marine Corps in Haiti. GENERAL ORDERS NO. 48. WAR DEPARTMENT Washington, July 22, 1913. 1. General Orders, No. 97, War Department, May 12th, 1909, as amended by Paragraph 11, General Orders, No. 220, War Depart- ment, November 1, 1909, and by Paragraph 11, General Orders, No. 39, War Department, May 27, 1913, is rescinded and the follow- ing substituted therefor: The following instructions are published relative to the wearing of medals and badges by officers and enlisted men of the Army to whom such medals or badges have been awarded. 1. The Medal of Honor will be worn on occasions of ceremony, whenever the full dress uniform, the special evening dress, or the mess jacket is worn. With the full-dress uniform the medal will be worn pendent from the neck, the ribbon passing between the upper and lower hooks of the coat collar, so that the medal proper shall hang about one inch below the opening of the collar. W"ith the special evening dress or mess jacket the medal will be worn pendent from the neck, the ribbon passing around the neck under the collar, so that the medal proper shall hang about one inch below the tie. 2. Other medals and badges awarded by the Government will be worn on the left breast of the coat in the following order of precedence, beginning at the right : (a) Certificate of Merit Badge (issued by the War Department). (b) Medal commemorating the Battle of Manila Bay (issued by Navy Department). (c) Medal commemorating the Naval engagements in the West Indies (issued by the Navy Department). BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA (d) Special meritorious medal for service during the War with Spain, other than in battle (issued by the Navy Depart- ment) , (e) Philippines Congressional medal (issued by the War De- partment) . (f) Campaign badges, in the order of the dates of the cam- paigns (issued by War and Navy Departments). (g) Gold life-saving medal (issued by the Treasury Department) . (h) Silver life-saving medal (issued by the Treasury Department) . (i) Army of Cuban Pacification badge (issued by War and Navy Departments). (j) Good conduct medal (issued by the Navy Department). (k) Aviator's badge (issued by the War Department). (1) Various distinctive marks awarded for excellence in small- arms practice (issued by War and Navy Departments). (m) Medals or badges awarded for service performed while in the Army, Navy or Marine Corps, or other branch of the Government, if not included among those specified above. 3. Officers and enlisted men of the Army are authorized to wear with the uniform any medals or badges awarded to them by the Government during previous service in any other branch of the Government. 4. On all occasions of ceremony where full-dress uniform is prescribed, the medals and badges named in paragraph 1 and in sections a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i and j of paragraph 2 of this order will be worn, except as provided in paragraph 6. Officers, including majors, and enlisted men of the Philippine Scouts, will wear the medals and badges specified in this paragraph with the olive-drab cotton service uniform on occasions of ceremony. 5. Aviators' badges, the various distinctive marks awarded for excellence in small-arms practice, and the medals and badges referred to in section n, paragraph 2, and in paragraph 3 of this order, may be worn on all occasions, except on active duty in the field in time of war, or during maneuvers. 6. Badges of military societies may be worn on all occasions of ceremony in the following order from right to left, but officers and enlisted men on the active list of the Army will not wear these badges with the badges and medals named in paragraphs 1 and 2. BAILEY. BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA (a) Badges of military societies commemorative of the wars of the United States, including the Philippine Insurrection and the China Relief Expedition, in the order of the dates of such wars, (b) Badges of the Regular Army and Navy Union of the United States and of the Army and Navy Union of the United States. (c) Corps and division badges of the Civil War and the War with Spain. (d) Badge of the Enlisted Men's Abstinence League. 11. A rosette will be issued by the Chief of the Quartermaster Corps to each person to whom a Philippines Congressional medal, certificate of merit badge, campaign badge, or Army of Cuban Pacification badge has been or may be awarded, the rosette to be for optional wear with civilian clothing, in lieu of the medal or badge to which it pertains, and to be made of ribbons of the same colors as those that pertain to such medal or badge, NEW ARMY ORGANIZATION FOR OVERSEAS SERVICE At maximum strength an infantry regiment will comprise 103 officers and 3,652 men. It will be made up as follows: 1 headquarters and headquarters company 303 3 battalions of 4 rifle companies each 3,078 1 supply company 140 1 machine-gim company 178 1 medical detachment 56 Total, officers and men 3,755 Each rifle company has a strength of 250 men and 6 officers. It is composed of a company headquarters (2 officers and 18 men) and four platoons. Each platoon includes: 1 headquarters 2 1 section bombers and rifle grenadiers 22 2 sections riflemen, 12 each 24 1 section auto riflemen (4 guns) 11 Total, officers and men 59 The machine-gun company has 6 officers and 172 men. It consists of the headquarters (3 officers and 21 men), 3 platoons (each with 1 officer and 46 men) and a train (13 men). Its armament is 12 machine guns of heavy type and 4 spare guns. The transportation equipment of the regiment is; 22 combat wagons, 16 rolling kitchens, 22 baggage and ration wagons, 16 ration carts, 15 water carts, 3 medical carts, 24 machine-gun carts, 59 riding horses, 8 riding mules, 332 draft mules, 2 motorcycles with side cars, 1 motor car, 42 bicycles. New fighting equipment for each regiment, in addition to the usual rifles, bayonets, pistols, etc., includes 480 trench knives (40 to each company), 192 automatic rifles (16 to each company), and 3 one-pounder cannon manned by the one-pounder cannon platoon of the regimental headquarters company. 23 BAILEY, BANKS AND BIDDLE COMPANY : PHILADELPHIA Each regimental headquarters company is made up of 7 officers and 294 men, as follows; One headquarters platoon (93 officers and men) including 1 staff section (36 officers and men), 1 orderlies section (29 men), 1 band section (28 men). One signal platoon (77 officers and men) including 1 telephone section (51 men), 1 section with headquarters (10 men), 1 section with 3 battalions (16 officers and men) . One sappers' and bombers' platoon (43 officers and men) including 1 section sappers (9 men) for digging and special work, 1 section bombers (34 officers and men.) One pioneer platoon (55 officers and men) for engineer work. One 1-pounder cannon platoon (33 officers and men). To put into effect this new organization for overseas service considerable rearrangement of units formed on the old plan is, of course, necessary. As soon as possible a statement will be made outlining the new organization of units in the National Guard. The organization of infantry divisions, made public by the committee on public information on August 7, has since that date undergone important changes. The following summary of the organization of an infantry division completes the general outline of organization of the United States Army for service in Europe The figures are the total of officers and men for each entry. Each infantry division comprises: 1 division headquarters 164 1 machine-gun battalion of 4 companies 768 2 infantry brigades, each composed of 2 infantry regiments and 1 machine-gun battalion of 3 companies 16,420 1 field artillery brigade composed of 3 field artillery regiments and 1 trench mortar battery 5,068 1 field signal battalion 262 1 regiment of engineers 1,666 1 train headquarters and military police 337 1 ammunition train 962 1 supply train 472 1 engineer train 84 1 sanitary train composed of 4 field hospital companies and 4 ambulance companies 949 27,152 The new organization increases the ratio of artillery and machine-gun strength to infantry. In place of the old division of three brigades with three infantry regiments in each are two brigades with two infantry regiments in each. But in the new, as in the old organization, there are three regiments of field artillery in each division, making the ratio of artillery to infantry regiments three to four, in place of three to nine. A trench mortar battery, added to the artillery brigade and a 1-pounder platoon, attached to each infantry regiment headquarters com- pany, adds to the gun strength of the division. A division now includes a total of 14 machine-gun companies. Each of the four infantry regiments has one: each of_ the two brigades has a machine-gun battalion of three companies: and the division has a machihe-gun battalion of four companies. This gives each division a mobile machine-gun strength of 10 com- panies, which can be used as special needs require, while each regiment still has its own machine-gun equipment in one of its componebt companies. And, in addition, there are 48 sections of auto-riflemen, each section carrying four light machine guns (automatic rifles), one section in each of the four platoons making up each rifle company. 24 f LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 011 521 873 6