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A Souvenir History 
 
 OF 
 
 Lincoln County, 
 
 Kansas 
 
 BY 
 
 Elizabeth N. Barr, 
 
 (A native and an old settler) 
 
 1908 
 

 y/^7 
 

 4- 
 
 BcMcation: 
 
 
 •I- 
 
 ^i^ /ly /o /Ae makers of his/orj/ thai t/ie ivri'iers of I'i 4* 
 
 can most fitii'nff/j/ deeii'caie i/ieir tvor/c. So, here' s to the 4* 
 
 iP/oneers of ^/ncotn Countu, Sor/ie of t/iem bu/ttted "i* 
 
 better than thej/ /cnew, others tvorse than they intentted/ •!* 
 
 4- 
 
 but at/ things have worked together for good to those "I* 
 
 4- 
 who iove the ri'ffht. 4* 
 
 4- 
 
 + 
 
 4- 
 
ELIZABETH N. BARR. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This book has been compiled fioin the writteu and verbal ac- 
 counts of those who ought to know the history of Lincoln Coun- 
 ty. Personally 1 knew nothing of this history when 1 began 
 gathering the material, and when stories contlicted 1 was not 
 prejudiced to either opinion but tried in all possible ways to as- 
 certain the actual facts In the case. 1 have interviewed most 
 of the early settlers and those to whom 1 am most indebted are: 
 .1. .). I'eale, Richard Clark, and C'halmer Smith of Beverly; John 
 S. Strange, N. B. Kees, Anna <". Wait, Fred Erhardt, Adolph 
 Roenigk, E. M. Harris, Martin Hendrickson, Daniel Day, Cris. 
 Bernhardt, C. M. Heaton, Tone Bishop, Ogden Green, .Myron 
 Green of L.incoln: William Baird of Vesper; Mrs. Morgan and 
 A. K. Buzick of Sylvan Grove. 
 
 Those from a distance who have contributed letters and arti- 
 cles are: b\ A .Schemerhorn, Eli Ziegler, and A. T. Biggs. Oth- 
 ers have been kind enough to loan clippings. Among these clip- 
 pings were articles by .J. K. Mead. .1. J. Peate, Thomas Strange, 
 Washington Smith, Gen. Geo. A. Forsyth, also several important 
 articles by unknown parties. Besides getting the statements 
 of these people 1 have read the tiles of at least one newspaper 
 from '73 down to date and searched the archives of the State His- 
 torical Society diligently and gleaned all 1 could from that 
 source. 
 
 A special vote of thanks is due the newspapers and others who 
 liave loaned cuts and pictures. 
 
 1 wish to make special mention of those who have advertised 
 in this book. They are the fellows who are up-to-date and p''o- 
 gressive or they wouldn't be here. And it is the man who is 
 public spirited, liberal, and broad minded with whom you want 
 to deal, not simply because he will do the best for the com- 
 munity but because he will do the best by you. As you read this 
 book just notice who these men are. 
 
 I have done my best to give a true account of the happenings 
 of Lincoln Countj'. 1 know there will be some mistakes, and 1 
 do not anticipate that everybody will agree with even that part 
 of my story which is correct. If vou do not agree with me do 
 not ask mo to change it now. If there is anything left out which 
 you think ought to have been put in you should have spoken of 
 it last summer. In case this book meets with your approval 1 
 shall be happy. In ea.se it does not I refuse to worry. 
 
 ELIZABETH X. BARR. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 Geology of Lincoln County 
 
 Lincoln County lies directly under the ancient coast line of 
 the Triassic age, along which were deposited enormous beds of 
 salt, ranging from seventy-five to two hundred fifty feet in thick- 
 ness, at depths ranging from four hundred fifty feet at Hutchin- 
 son, Kans., to nine hundred twenty-five feet at Anthony, these 
 depths being the least and greatest which have been found. So 
 much for the salt. 
 
 Stone was found in the neighborhood which when polislied 
 made a very handsome marble surface. The I^incoln Board of 
 Trade then sent for Robert Hay, a geologist, who reported on the 
 geology of Lincoln County as follows: 
 
 "The Geology of Liucoln County, Kansas, is mainly connected 
 with two sub-divisions of the Cretacious group of formations. 
 These in descending order are Benton series and Dakota series. 
 There is some good building material in the Dakota, formed 
 during ihr- epoch. The marble found in some limited districts 
 may be looked for in other areas. It is quite likely that the 
 Dakota sandstone will yield gas under favorable conditions. 
 Tliese conditions are most likely to be found under the high 
 land forming the divide from Lost Creek around the head of the 
 Prosser and Rattlesnake Creeks. It is possible that similar con- 
 ditions may be found in the southwest part of the county, and 
 on the west line between Wolf and Spillman. Gas must not be 
 sought near the outcrop of the strata, hence the localities indi- 
 cated here. 
 
 "The lignite at every place we visited was at the same geolog- 
 ical horizon, very nearly at the top of the Dakota. It is useless 
 to look for this bed low down in the Saline Valley. The best 
 guide to its position is ihe lowest layer of Benton limestones. 
 If the boring is begun at some twenty feet below that, the hori- 
 zon of the lignite will be reached at less than one hundred feet. 
 It Avill probably pay to test it on the slopes of Lost Creek, 
 Beaver, Rattlesnake, Upper Bullfoot, and West Elkhorn. The 
 Dakota may yet yield another lignite horizon, and if so, it will 
 be better, being farther below the surface." 
 
 J. R. Mead gives an account of a legendary tin mine in the 
 
History of Lhiculn County 
 
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HiHtury of Lincoln County 
 
 vacinity of lOlkhoni or VAm Crook. So far it has nevor boon dis- 
 
 COVOl'Od. 
 
 Among the valuable materials which have boon found and used 
 are coal, which was first discovered in wells; marble, red, brown, 
 and purple, s-treaked with white: sail and l)uilding rock, which 
 is still extensively quarried. 
 
 The above is a piciuie of Table Rock, for which Table Rock 
 Creek was named. For many years it was a great curio io trav- 
 elers who came through this section, but was destroyed by nn- 
 known parties some years ago. 
 
10 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Pre-Historic 
 
 Geographically speaking Lincoln ("ounly is in the central part 
 of Kansas, and Kansas is in the center of the Universe, hence 
 the importance of what shall follow. It is watered and drained 
 by the Saline River, and by its tributaries, the creeks. Wolf and 
 Spilhnan, Lost, Beaver, Twelve Mile on the north and Twin, Bull- 
 foot, Spring, Elkhorn, Owl and Table Rock on the south, also 
 by Rattlesnake and Battle Creek, which flow into Salt Creek in 
 the northwestern part of the county. There are seven hundred 
 fifty sections of arable land, most of which is under cultivation. 
 The landscape is just rolling enough to be beautiful, but not to 
 interfere with tillage. The air is so clear that the eye may span 
 many miles, and looking from any high point one may see com- 
 fortable and thrifty farm-yards, shaded by beautiful trees and 
 surrounded by fertile well-kept fields. One can trace the streams 
 by I heir wooded banks, and perhaps see the spires of a village 
 in ihe distance. 
 
 Withdraw these evidences of civilization from the scene, peo- 
 ple it instead with occasional herds of buffalo, deer, elk, ante- 
 lope, towns of prairie-dogs, packs of gray wolves, flocks of wild 
 turkey and prairie-chickens, with perhaps a band of Indians 
 mounted or afoot, and you have the proper scene for the be- 
 ginning of these chronicles. 
 
 Some of these herds of buffalo and deer were surprisingly 
 large sometimes, containing tens of thousands. We have it on 
 good authority that a single herd of buffalo crossing the railroad 
 track some time in the sixties held up a train from nine o'clock 
 in the morning till five in the evening. Mr. Erhardt tells of 
 starting out from his home with a friend to get some tallow and 
 killing ninety-two buffalos in one afternoon. This must have 
 been before the year 1S70. In ten years from the time the first 
 settlers came, buffalo began to be very scarce in the county, 
 very few were seen after 1877. 
 
 Mr. J. R. Mead, in a letter to Miss Clara Green, speaks of 
 seeing a herd of elk between five hundred and a thousand, in 
 number, coming down the valley from Spillman Creek. They 
 crossed the Saline where the town of Lincoln now stands. A 
 hundred great bucks were in the herd, their immense horns 
 
History of Lincoln County ' U 
 
 looking lilvH a forest of dry coltonwood limbs, as they walked 
 through the sunllowers with their bodies partly hidden by the 
 grass and weeds. 
 
 Mr. Mead also tells of a great herd of deer which he saw in 
 this county. He has given a complete description of this section 
 of the country in its natural state. We quote in brief: 
 
 ■'In the lowlands along the river the sunflowers grew a dense 
 thicket ten feet high. Along the bluff was a line of drift show- 
 ing the valley had been covered six feet with water. I'his line 
 of drift extended far up the river, and the valley above where 
 Lincoln now stands must have been covered, judging from the 
 drift ten to fifteen feet deep, occasioned by the bluffs on either 
 side and the thick timber forming a gorge." 
 
 In his letter he says further: "1 and my party were nearly 
 drowned on Wolf Creek in 1861. The water rose thirty feet in 
 an liour. Big logs and trees were left at the foot of the bluffs 
 a quarter of a mile from the creek." 
 
 Besides the animals above mentioned there were many beav- 
 ers, ravens, eagles, badgers, squirrels, porcupines, raccoons, 
 foxes, otter, and wildcats. 
 
 The famous Pawnee road which extended from Nebraska to 
 the Big Bend of the Arkansas, thence wherever opportunity af- 
 forded, came through what is now Lincoln County and crossed 
 the Spillman five or six miles above its mouth. This well- 
 watered, well-wooded country, full of big game, offered a happy 
 hunting-ground, and with its ridges and rocks was a bonanza 
 for primitive warfare. 
 
 Of the tribes which frequented this country, the writer has 
 learned very little except that Pottawatomies, Cheyennes, Sioux, 
 Delawares, Kaws, Otoes, and Pawnees were all seen by early 
 hunters in the valleys of the Saline and Spillman. It seems 
 that these Indians were seldom dangerous if they knew a white 
 man was armed and had the will and ability to defend himself. 
 But J. R. Mead has well said: "The timid and weaklings had 
 no business in that country." The Pawnees in particular were 
 capable of being docilized, and the superior keenness which 
 ages of thieving had taught them, made them valuable govern- 
 ment scouts in the border warfares. They were excellent horse- 
 men, and had a thorough knowledge of the country over which 
 their raids extended, hundreds of miles in width and from Ne- 
 braska to Mexico. 
 
 The Pawnee road above mentioned was no defined path, but 
 just a route within a strip of country a mile or so in width. 
 They made semi-annual buffalo hunts with this road as a basis. 
 Next in importance, as a means to wealth and honor was their 
 
12 History of Lincohi County 
 
 thieving expeditions. J. R. Alead describes tlie equipment of one 
 of tliese parties: "Tlie Pawnees invariably went on tliese expe- 
 ditions afoot in parties of from two to tliirty-five, composed 
 mostly of young men. They were lightly armed, all had a very 
 serviceable bow and quiver of arrows, and a knife. Each In- 
 dian carried from four to six extra pair of new moccasins, one 
 oi- more lariats, twenty pounds of dried meat, some pieces of 
 strap to repair their clothing also a pipe and tobacco, an occa- 
 sional light squaw axe and a few trifles. This was all that was 
 necessary for a thousand mile .iourney. Although they went 
 nfoot they expected to come back mounted for when they raided 
 another tribe they depended on stealing enough horses to gel 
 away on. A piece of tanned hide looped around the lower jaw 
 of the horse was bridle enough. They were so successful that 
 they were hated by all other plains tribes. Their hand was 
 against every man and every man's hand against them. All 
 tribes were united in theii' effort to exterminate the thieving 
 Pawnees." 
 
 Mr. Mead says further: "Periodically the Cheyenne warriors 
 spread out like a net, swept over the rolling country of hills 
 and streams and valleys between the Solomon and Saline in 
 eager search of (he detested raiding parties." 
 
 The Pawnees avoided conflict wherever possible as il inter- 
 fered with their business, they were out to steal ponies and not 
 to pick quarrels, but once drawn into battle they were among 
 the bravest and most skilled w^arriors of the plains. 
 
 The Pawnees followed the same program after the coming 
 of the whites. They had once occupied all the territ-ority of 
 Kansas and still claimed it, and thought they had a right to gain 
 their living from it. This worked a great hardship on the set- 
 tlers, which, with other hardships of pioneer life, prompted 
 Wasshington Smith in his history to ask what motives "impelled 
 men to leave ihe scenes of childhood, the surrounding of youth, 
 the love of kindred and associations of home, the tender ties of 
 friendship and the graves of their ancestors to contend with the 
 inclement skies and inhospitable shores of an unknown coun- 
 try" 
 
 Their riiotives were various, but in any case it was not 
 dangers, hardships, privations, calamity, war and death which 
 Jilled the minds of those who laid the foundations of our present 
 ( ommonwealth. It was rather the opportunity of a new country, 
 a veritable new heaven and new earth, which attracted them. 
 Here was an opportunity to transfer Ihe best of what existed 
 in older settled places and to build to that something more ad- 
 vanced and better, and economically an opportunity to gain 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 lunv and i iclior estates tof t licniselvcs. and better advantages 
 foi- their children. 
 
 Those wlio looked on the right and not the wrong side of the 
 picture had strength, and faith to endure all adversity and were 
 permitted to see with their own eyes all these things come to 
 pass. Such is the reward of the hope tluit "sijrings eternal in 
 the human breast." 
 
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1^4 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Coming of the White Men 
 
 It is not possible to go very far back in the history of Lin- 
 coln County, although our introduction has shown that prehis- 
 toric times in this section of the country must have bfien full 
 of interesting events. We have seen that with its superior ad- 
 vantages for food, war and spoit it was the favorite stomping 
 ground of several tribes of Indians. It was claimed by more 
 than one tribe, even after it had become government tana by 
 treaty. The Pawnees, especially, still considered it theirs and 
 thought they had a right to gain their living from it by raids. 
 
 The first white man on record to visit what is now Lincoln 
 County was Bourgmont and his party in 1724. His line of march 
 has been traced through the county going from east to west. 
 Pike and his party came through in 1806. His line of march 
 extended from the north, and the two routes intersected about 
 the place where Lincoln Center now stands. 
 
 In the fifties hunting parties going up the Saline and Solomon 
 Rivers operated in the territority which is now Lincoln County. 
 Few of them left any record of theii- findings or their exper- 
 iences. 
 
 Some of Mr. Mead's adventures appeared in Vol. IX of the 
 State Historical collections from which the following quotations 
 are taken: 
 
 "There was a battle fought on the plains north of the Spillman 
 Creek in June, 1861. The Otoe tribe from the north, with their 
 families and a letter from their agent, came down for a big 
 hunt. They camped in the valley along the creek. The Chey- 
 ennes found them and sent three or four hundred warriors to 
 drive them out. The Cheyennes were afraid to charge the 
 camp as the Otoes had guns. Both sides fought on horseback 
 with bows and arrows and after the battle arrows could be 
 picked up everywhere. In one instance two young men rushed 
 together at full speed, seized each other with their left hands, 
 stabbing with their right till both fell dead without releasing 
 their hold. The Otoes finally retreated down the river to my 
 ranch with scalps, ears, fingers and toes of their enemies, 
 trophies of the fight, tied on poles. 
 
 "Once I left a young fellow at a camp I had established while 
 
History of Lincoln County 1j 
 
 I went over to Wolf Creek lo hunt a few days. On returning 
 I found my man hidden out in (he brush nearly frozen, with 
 nothing to wear but his under clothes. Two Indians came 
 along with some stolen horses, saw he was scared, made him 
 cook all they could eat then took off his clothes or whatever 
 else they wanted and leisurely packed their ponies. Back 
 of the camp shelter was my young man with two loaded guns 
 hid under some skins. He was too badly scared to use them. 
 He could easily have gotten away with both Indians, but he 
 lacked grit. 
 
 "On another occasion (December, 1861), I established a 
 camp on Spillman Creek and after collecting a quantity of furs 
 left one man in the camp and went to hunt with my other man 
 and team. It was very cold and snow deep. In a day or two 
 the man I had left came to my camp; said he heard shooting 
 around, was scared and skipped in the night. I drove back and 
 found my camp plundered and a big trail in the snow leading 
 down to the river. Directing my men to follow I started after 
 them on my pony. In a few miles I saw them ahead on foot. Each 
 one had a big wolf skin of mine hanging down his back, a slit 
 in the neck going over his head. There were thirty-three of 
 the party. I followed them unseen for some distance and saw 
 I could not possibly get around them as my pony could hardly 
 stand, her feet were so smooth; but I had to get to my ranch 
 ahead of them, so I rode into them and was surrounded and 
 captured. I found they were a party of Sioux on maraudin.g 
 expedition, some of them, the most villinanous-looking beings 
 1 ever saw. I .gave them a good talk, let on I was glad to see 
 them, proposed we all travel together to which they agreed, 
 had a jolly time for half a day, by which time I had so in- 
 gratiated myself with the chief who was a fine fellow, that I was 
 allowed to go on alone. Our conversation was carried on in 
 sign language. I had two men at the ranch and my men with 
 the team got in that night. The Indians came to my place the 
 next morning and built a fortified camp in the timber back of 
 the house. I treated them nicely, gave them tobacco and got 
 all my furs back except an otter skin." 
 
 "Uncle Mike" Sterns, as he is familiarly known here, used to 
 hunt in this country with Uncle Tom Boyle, Ade Spahn, and a 
 man by the name of Dean, in fifty-eight and fifty-nine. He 
 says that the Moffit ranch house was located about 150 yards 
 down the Saline River from Rocky Hill bridge on the north 
 bank. The evacuation may be seen there at this time. 
 
 On one of these hunting trips the party camped near the 
 mouth of Beaver Creek under a large oak tree that is familiar 
 
i*} Historu of Lincoln County 
 
 to all of the old settlers and on going to the creek for water 
 t'oiuid it dry. Spahn, being an old hunter, led the party up the 
 creek very cautiously and when near where the Dan Day's barn 
 now stands, they came upon a beaver dam where several 
 hundred beavers were busily engaged in enlarging it. Uncle 
 .Mike says that it was one of the most beautiful sights he has 
 ever seen. 
 
 On another of these hunting expeditions they pitched their 
 camp on the Blkhorn bottom south of Rocky Hill. One of them 
 carelessly threw a quarter of buffalo meat on the picket pins. 
 That night when they staked the horses out with the pins the 
 wolves were so ravenous that they gnawed the pins to pieces, 
 the horses escaped and they never recovered them, une of 
 the number walked to their home in Salina and brouKln ui) a 
 team of oxen v/ilh which they continued the hunt. On this 
 I lip they saw some wolves surround a cast off buffalo and make 
 a circle around him with relays and after chasing him till he 
 was exhausted they hamstringed him and devoured lilm. This 
 took place around the bluff near where Sam Weigert now lives, 
 southeast of Lincoln. 
 
 At one tim.e when camped on the .1. W. McReynolds farm in 
 what is now Franklin township, the others of the party went 
 away for the day, as was their usual custom, and left Mr. 
 Sterns in charge of the camp. A party of Indians came up 
 and asked for coffee. lie refused to gel it for them and after 
 repeatedly asking for it they grew angry and one of them 
 IjicUed up a loaded musket, cocked it and placed the muzzle 
 at his bi'east. He then pointed to the bucket and to the si)ring 
 up ilM hill and told them to go. He did so, and upon retuinin?, 
 found the Indians gone and all of !h<> camp supplies stolen. 
 
 The accompanying illustiation is the scene of a battle-ground 
 of the Pottawatomie and Pawnee Indians, on Bullfoot. Indian 
 bones were found in tlie cave shown in the picture and vari- 
 ous opinions have been advanced as to how they came tlieie. 
 Mr. F. A. Schemerhorn says in a letter: "'As to the battle be- 
 tween two Indian tribes on Bullfoot. I went over there in 1867 
 and gathered up a sack full of skulls and gave them to Dr. T. B. 
 Fryer then post surgeon at Fort Harker, and nearly every 
 si<ull had a liullci hole in ii. showing that they were killed by 
 bullets and not wilii arrows. It was generally believed then 
 ihai those Indians weic i<illed in a tight with some buffalo-hunl- 
 ei's in l-SGa, I think <m P.eaver Creek. 1 think Dan Day now 
 owns the place where the fis-'ht occurred. As it was the custom 
 of the Indians to buiy their dead by placing them upon scaf- 
 folds in some out-of-the-way place and on some high point gen- 
 
Histoi-ij of Lincoln County 
 
 eraJly. we supposed they canied their dead from the fight on 
 Beaver Creek over to the point of the rocks on Bullfoot, which 
 was at that time an out-of-the-way place, as the hunters and 
 trappers going up the river generally traveled up the north 
 
 Indian Battleground. 
 
 side of the stream. There was no travel to amount to any- 
 thing on the south side of the river when I went there in 1867." 
 
 I\Ir. Ferdinand Erhardt, who came to live on Bullfoot in 1867, 
 found a number of skeletons in the cave before mentioned 
 but gives a different explanation. 
 
 One day in 1868 Mr. Erhardt was walking along the ridge on 
 the south side of Bullfoot when his dog, prowling among the 
 locks, came up with a skull. ]\Ir. Erhardt followed the dog 
 back and found an open cave filled with Indian skeletons. He 
 reported his find to P'ort Harker, and the soldiers sent a con- 
 veyance to remove the skeletons to that place. There were 
 sixteen whole skeletons In the cave, and they were sufficiently 
 preserved to be moved without going to pieces. Mr. Erhardt at 
 that time shared the belief spoken of by Mr. Schemerhorn, 
 namely, that these were the remains of Indians killed by the 
 ;\rofRt boys on Beaver Creek. 
 
 But about the year 1880 a band of Pottawatomie Indians 
 camped on Bullfoot and laid out the battle-ground for Mr. Er- 
 hardt, and also left the story of the aft'ray in characters on the 
 wall of the cave. It seems that the Pottawatomies and Pawnees 
 had been quarreling about their hunting-ground. The Pot- 
 
18 History of Lincoln County 
 
 lawatomies drove this band of Pawnees in from the west, who, 
 being hard pressed, took refuge in this cave and were massa-" 
 creed by the Pottawatomies. A Pottawatomie was killed by a 
 Pawnee who shot up from the cave. Those who do not believe 
 that such a battle occurred, and that this was a burying-ground 
 instead of a battle-ground, base their opinion on three things. 
 
 First, that the Indians were killed by bullets and not by ar- 
 rows. 
 
 Second, that there were no remains of horses found near the 
 place, and that Pawnee ingenuity would scarcely pern It them 
 lo take refuge in such a death-trap as this cave proved to be. 
 
 Third, that both the Pottawatomie and the Pawnee Indians 
 were peaceful and never had any fights. 
 
 The writer is inclined to credit the story of the battle. It 
 was learned by Mr. Erhardt direct from the Pottawatomie In- 
 dians themselves. Mr. J. R. Mead is authority for the state- 
 ment that in the year 18(jl a large band of Otoes who camped 
 'on the Spillman weie armed with guns. So the Pawnees and 
 Pottawatomies might have had them two years later. 
 
 l)idians were often, but by no means always, mounted on 
 horses. According to the record left on the rocks the pursuing 
 party was mounted. ]\lr. Sol. Humbarger says the Pawnees 
 were likely on one of their thieving expeditions on foot. They 
 were driven in to the rocks from the north or northwest. 
 
 The fact that their enemies were mounted and they were not 
 will probably account for the Pawnees taking refuge in the first 
 stronghold which presented itself instead of choosing a better 
 place to defend. 
 
 The Pottawatomies that camped near the battle-ground in 
 1880 had an interpreter with them, who talked with Mr. Elrhardt. 
 
 Authorities do not agree on the peaceful qualities or these 
 Indians, and ^Ir. Mead says in a letter:: "1 left in the spring 
 of 1863, so I know nothing personally of the battle between the 
 Pottawatomies and Pawnees. ITsually the Pawnees did not wish 
 to fight." He says in another place: "These raiding parties 
 of Pawnees were the especial objects of hatred of all the tribes 
 of the plains both north and south, who fought and if possible 
 killed them wherever found." 
 
 THE MOFFIT BOYS. 
 
 In spite of the fact that the countr\ up the Saline River was 
 not considered safe, a settlement was attempted in 1864 which 
 ended disastrously. In March six persons, Charlie Chase, Will- 
 iam Chase, .Marion Chase, and .lohn I\Toffit. Flave .Moody and an 
 
History of Lincoln County 19' 
 
 unknown party, who wrote (he story for the "Salina Journal," 
 started westward from their camp near where the Saline bridge 
 now stands, to start a settlement on Spillman Creek. They 
 halted and pitched their camp between Beaver Creek and the 
 Saline River, in the second bend below the mouth of the Beaver. 
 This camp was blown up by the explosion of a keg of powder. 
 The boys then built a log-house and stable. Charles Chase and 
 John MofRt went to Salina for r: ovislons. During their ab- 
 sence the rest of the party -ad to live on parched corn. After 
 three days of this exclusive cereal diet Flave Moody and Marion' 
 Chase started to walk east and the other two stayed by the 
 goods. When the provisions arrived they baked biscuits and 
 bachelor-like forgot to put either soda or baking powder in them. 
 The next move was to buy three cows. They had four horses 
 and one yoke of oxen. Although they had not filed on land they 
 fenced in and ])lanted twenty acres of corn. About the last of 
 May they were driven off by an Indian outbreak. They all ai-- 
 rived in safety at their former camp near the Saline bridge. 
 
 About July 1, against all protests, John Moffit and his brother 
 Thomas, with a Mr. Hueston and Mr. Taylor, came back to the 
 ranch. In August, while out on a buffalo hunt, they were sur- 
 prised by the Indians. Settlers w^ho lived about Salina fail tO' 
 agree in regard to the particulars of this incident. The follow- 
 ing is a part of an official report to the Government from the 
 headquarters of the Eleventh Volunteer Cavalry at Salina by 
 Capt. Henry Booth, of Company L: 
 
 "Saturday evening, August 6, 1864, four men, two men (broth- 
 ers) Moffit, one Taylor, and one Heuston, started from their 
 ranch to kill a buffalo for meat, taking a two-horse team with, 
 them. Upon reaching the top of the hill about three-quarters of 
 a mile from the house, the Indians were discovered rushing 
 down upon them. The horses were turned and run toward a 
 ledge of rock where the men took position. They appear to have 
 fought desperately and must have killed several Indians, but one 
 of the scalps was left on a rock close by. The horses were 
 both shot through the head. This was probably done by the 
 ranchmen to prevent them from falling into the hands of the 
 Indians. The wagon was burned. The Indians made a descent 
 upon the house in which were an old man and a woman. The 
 man shot one of the Indians through a hole in the wall where- 
 upon they all fled. They judge the number of the Indians to be 
 about one hundred. The Indians retreated up the Saline River.' 
 
 There is a letter written to Robert Nichol Moffit, of Illinois, 
 by his brother John, dated May 1 3, 1864, which says: "We came 
 here March 16. We are twenty-five to thirty miles from Salina 
 
20 History of Lincoln County 
 
 up the Saline River. We are now tliirteen miles from the near- 
 est house. We put up a stable thirty-five feet in length and a 
 house twenty-two feet of logs." 
 
 This ought to prove that the Moltil boys really had a house 
 and not merely a dugout. The writer to whom we are indebted 
 for the account of the trip in the early spring, says they built a 
 log house and stable. He also says that the woman in the 
 house was Mrs. Hueston, and that she had her two children 
 with her at the time. 
 
 They stayed all night in the house, and all the next day 
 watched for Indians. The second night they dug a hole under 
 the back of the house and escaped without coming out at the 
 door. They wandered all night on the Elkhorn and the next 
 morning found their way to the settlements. 
 
 A party of twelve men went to look for the bodies and found 
 them in the place described. There was sixteen arrows m jonii 
 Moffit and fourteen in Tom. The bodies were temporarily b.nied 
 on the scene of the battle. 
 
 Scene of the Battle Between the Moffit Boys and the Indians. 
 
 The place of the tragedy is described as being the rocky ledge 
 upon the northeast quarter section nine, township twelve, range 
 seven in Elkhorn township of what is now Lincoln County. 
 
 Robert Nichol MoiTit came from Illinois to recover the re- 
 mains of his two brothers. He is said to have left Salina Sep- 
 tember 20, with an escort of soldiers and gone up the Saline to 
 where his brothers were buried, to have disinterred the re- 
 mains and taken them to Wethertield, ill., where they were laid 
 to rest. 
 
Hisfory of Lincoln Couhty 21 
 
 Settlements 
 
 Thf first permanent abode of white men was built in the bend 
 of the river, not far from where Beverly now stands, by the 
 Colorado boys. The "Colorado boys" belonged to the First 
 Colorado Cavalry, and while stopping" at Salina in 1865 came 
 up the Saline and filed on nearly all the river lands from 
 the mouth of the Beaver, east to where the county line 
 now is. Six of them returned between Christmas and New 
 Years the same year, with government cattle to occupy their 
 claims. They were Richard B. Clark, of Indiana, who is now 
 the only survivor, and still lives at Beverly; Jas. M. Adams, of 
 the British Isles, Isaac De Graff, of New York, nicknamed Gen- 
 eral De Graff on account of his good judgment, Edward E. 
 .Johnson, of Massachusetts, Wm. E. Thompson, of Maine, who 
 had been educated for a Catholic priest, and who w&s killed 
 by Indians in the Black Hills in 1876, and Darius C. Skinner, 
 of Ohio, whose family is prominent in Lincoln County. These 
 men had crossed the plains prior to the war, and had been in 
 turn miners, and soldiers until they got tired and settled down. 
 They lived in the one dugout for mutual protection until it was 
 safe for each one to live on his claim. 
 
 The next spring a number of settlers were added to this 
 nucleus. As many names as could be collected are here given 
 without any attempt at giving the order of their coming. 
 
 Geo. Green and wife, of Massachusetts, whose daughter Liz- 
 zie, born October 18, 1866, was the first white child born in this 
 county. She married David Parker. W. T. Wild, of England, 
 and John Dart, of Connecticut, witli their families, J. J. Peate, 
 Wm. Gaskill, the Haleys, M. D. Green, Michael Ziegler, John S. 
 Strange, Washington Smith, jMartin Hendrickson, David G. 
 Bacon, Volney Ball, J. C. Parks, Thomas Moon, Chalmer Smith, 
 Marseilles Smith, Caning Smith. Nicholas Whalen, Thomas E. 
 Skinner and wife, Mary M. Skinner. These people all came in 
 1866. It has been impossible to find out all the people who came 
 the next year, but Louis Farley Andrew, DeGraff, and Ferdinand 
 Erhardt, M. S. Green were among the number. 
 
 The first year the settlers had to buy all their provisions at 
 the following rates: Sugar, IS to 20 cents per pound; coffee, 
 
'^2 Histo7-y of Lincoln County 
 
 50 cents per pound: bacon, 2;") to 80 cents per pound: tlour, 
 $7.00 to $11.00 per hundredweight; corn. $1.00 to $2.00 per 
 bushel. 
 
 They killed buffalo and other game for meat, and might have 
 lived pretty high for pioneers if it had not been for the difficulty 
 of getting these provisions to the settlements. One party 
 would go east after bread-stuffs and other necessities, while 
 another would go west after meat. Sometimes these expedi- 
 tions were delayed on account of the weather and the people 
 ran' out of bread. At such times they would supplement their 
 diet of prairie chicken or fish with their precious seed corn. 
 This corn was often ground in a coffee mill or prepared in an 
 old fashioned hominy mortar. This was made of a log about 
 
 A Pioneer Home. 
 
 three feet long stood on end, and a hole hewed in the top to 
 hold the corn. A wedge was fastened in the end of a stick about 
 the size of a piclc handle. The corn was cracked with this 
 wedge. Tho finest was used for bread and the coarse for 
 hominy. 
 
 The old fa.-hi()ii"d whip saw was used to saw the lirsl lumber. 
 A scaffold was liuilt and llie logs rolled on it. One man stood 
 on top to pull I he saw up and one stood under to pull it down. 
 
 But in spite of these things the lot of the pioneer in this sec- 
 tion of the country was not so hard and his sufferings were 
 not so severe as in many of the earlier communities of the 
 Stale. It is true that they weie in danger of Indian raids and 
 
History of Lincoln County 23 
 
 were often driven from their homes, but they never faced 
 actual starvation, and there are no records of anyone dying from 
 want. They got their mail with comparative frequency and 
 were obliged to haul provisions only forty miles instead of from 
 a hundred to two hundred as some other communities did. 
 
 And above all this section offered its adopted children plenty 
 of wholesome water, pure air and a healthful climate gener- 
 ally. 
 
 Sometimes money was earned by hauling buffalo bones to 
 market or by killing wolves and buffalo for their hides. F. A. 
 Schemerhorn has the honor of being the first bone-picker. Sev- 
 eral other honors are due this gentleman, which will be spoken 
 of as occasion permits. The first postoffice was at his ranch. 
 
 The Medicine Man 
 
 Among the tribes of the plains the medicine man has always 
 been next in importance to the chief. He is usually the best 
 educated man in the tribe and his wisdom is consulted on 
 all occasions, not only in things pertaining to his profession, 
 but in affairs of war and diplomacy. 
 
 In our civilized life the medical man (who is often a woman), 
 is even more important. He is a specialist and has his work 
 down to a fine point. He plays such worthy role in the affairs 
 of men that no history can leave him out of account. No story 
 of the human race is complete without giving due credit to 
 those who help us in and out of the world — these toll collectors 
 who stand at both the front and the back doors of life. 
 
 It is all right for one who is not sick to joke about the doctor, 
 for he that is well needeth not a physician; but anyone who is 
 suffering wants a doctor at once, and there is no greater bless- 
 ing to a communitj^ than a sufficient number of physicians, who 
 understand their business. There is hardly a person who gives 
 up more personal pleasure and works harder in his profession. 
 The pioneer doctor in Lincoln Center was Dr. Vernon. Dr. 
 Gilpin came soon afterwards. 
 
 Dr. Sarah Goff was the pioneer lady doctor. She began prac- 
 ticing in Lincoln in 1885 and was successful from the start. 
 Her medical instruction began under Dr. Holloway, of Lincoln, 
 and in 1886 she graduated from Hanneman Medical College of 
 Chicago. 
 
24 
 
 History of Lincoln Couidy 
 
 DR. H. M. HALL 
 
 Is the oldest practic- 
 ioner in Lincoln at 
 present. He was born 
 near London, England, 
 in 1835, and came with 
 the family to Illinois 
 the next year and lived 
 in Tonlson. 
 
 His education was re- 
 ceived in the schools of 
 Illinois and the Knox 
 Seminary in Galesburg. 
 He graduated from the 
 medical department of 
 the Iowa University, re 
 ceiving his degree in 
 18.58. After practicing 
 medicine in S t a r k 
 County, Illinois, for a 
 number of years he en- 
 tered the Chicago Medi- 
 cal College, which is 
 
 now the medical department of the Northwestern University, 
 
 and graduated in 1881. 
 
 He came to Lincoln in ISS.'i and has practiced here ever since. 
 
 Ten years ago he went into the drug business in connection 
 
 with his practice. 
 
 Doctor Hall was made a iMason in 1SG2 and is now one of the 
 
 oldest Masons in the State. 
 
Histu)'ij of Lincoln Cowdy 
 
 25 
 
 DR. JAMES LOUGHRIDGE. 
 
 Dr. James Lougliridge 
 was born and raised in 
 Appanoose County, 
 Iowa. He received his 
 common school educa- 
 tion in a little school 
 house with a red door. 
 He went to Amity Col- 
 lege, at College Springr3, 
 Iowa. His medical edu- 
 cation was in the Uni- 
 versity Medical College, 
 at Kansas City, Mo., 
 where he took his de- 
 gree in 1889. He has 
 had a great deal of hos 
 pital and clinical work. 
 
 Ever since his gradu- 
 ation Doctor Loughridge 
 has practiced in Lin- 
 coln, where he has a 
 large and lucrative prac- 
 tice. He has a large, well-equipped office, containing among 
 other things an operating table and ex-ray room. He is especi- 
 ally prepared for eye wnik. 
 
26 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 DR. ALFRED HULTNER. 
 
 This remarkable man 
 was born in Sweden, in 
 the Province of Oste- 
 rysthland, city of Lind- 
 koping. His early edu- 
 cation was in the gov- 
 ernment schools of his 
 native city. He attend- 
 ed college at the Uni- 
 versity of Upsala, and 
 studied medicine first at 
 the Karolinska Medi- 
 cuska institution in 
 Stockholm, later at the 
 University of Heidel- 
 berg in Germany, spend- 
 ing five years in the 
 study of medicine in 
 these two schools. Doc- 
 lor Ilultner practiced 
 medicine first in Span- 
 ish Honduros in the city 
 of Puerto Cortez, in the 
 year 1893. The next yoai- ho was registered to practice medi- 
 cine in Iowa. The next year he came to Kansas and practiced 
 at Wellsford. In 1896 he attended the University Medical Col- 
 lege at Kansas City and took his degree. 
 
 In 1897 there was a piivate hospital of considerable size at 
 Lawrence owned by Biinn & lIuKner, in which our friend was a 
 full partner. 
 
 Doctor Hultner has been practicing in Lincoln since 1898. His 
 specialties are surgery and diseases of women and children. 
 Among his other accomplishments he speaks five languages, 
 Danish, Swedish, German, Spanish, and English. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 27 
 
 DR. PAUL NEWLON. 
 
 The youngest mem- 
 ber of the medical fra- 
 ternity in Lincoln, is a 
 home product. He was 
 born here and received 
 his common and high 
 school education in the 
 home schools. 
 
 He attended the Uni- 
 versity Medical Collegia 
 in Kansas City, Mo., 
 and while in Kansas 
 City he had consider- 
 able hospital work. 
 He was eight months ai 
 the University Hos- 
 pital, at the City Hos- 
 pital two years, and 
 has a diploma from that 
 institution, He was an 
 Inturn for several 
 months. For foui- 
 months he was on the 
 police ambulance staff. 
 
 Last May he graduated and 
 has been busy ever since. 
 
 came to Lincoln to practice. He 
 
28 
 
 History of Lincoln Coutdy 
 
 DR. SARAH A. COLE. 
 
 Dr. Sarah A. Cole is 
 llie second lady physi- 
 cian to locate in Lin- 
 coln County, and the 
 only practitioner of the 
 Homeopathic school In 
 Lincoln. 
 
 She was born on the 
 Atlantic Ocean, and re- 
 ceived her early educa- 
 lion in the schools of 
 West Virginia. She 
 came to Lincoln County 
 in 1S82, and taught 
 school here for a num- 
 ber of years. Her med- 
 ical education began 
 under the precept orship 
 of Dr. Sarah A. Goff, 
 with whom she studied 
 I wo years. She gradu- 
 ated from the Iowa Uni- 
 versity in 1889, and lo- 
 cated at Port Austin, .Mich. Duriim her eight years practice 
 there, she was city health officer for three years, and medical 
 examiner for the Ladies of the Macabees. 
 
 Dr. Colt '^ o.iMl.u luiM. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 29 
 
 In 1898 she went \o 
 the Hanneman Medical 
 College in Chicago, took 
 a full year's course and 
 graduated. H a v i n i^ 
 friends in Lincoln, she 
 decided to locate here. 
 Eight years ago Doctoj- 
 Cole began building a 
 sanitarium for the ac- 
 commodation of emer- 
 gency cases. At the 
 present time it has a 
 capacity of ten patients 
 with hospital facilities 
 and all modern im- 
 provements. A new 
 bath house annex is 
 nearly completed. 11 
 will contain the appar.a- 
 tus for all kinds of 
 water, electric, vapor, 
 and sun baths. 
 
 MISS HANNAH R. COLE. 
 
 Miss Hannah R. Cole is a sister of Doctor Cole. She Is (he 
 trained nurse of the sanitarium, and also gives Osteopathi<> 
 massage. 
 
30 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Indian Troubles of 1868 
 
 The Saline and Solomon Valleys were often visited by marud- 
 ing bands of Indians who killed or carried away the settlers, 
 and destroyed property. The territory which is now Lincoln 
 County was considered unsafe and the settlers lived in con- 
 stant alertness for their red foes. While the primary object 
 of these raids was to get food and plunder, the savage- nature 
 of the Indian would not let him stop merely with compelling 
 settlers to cook for them and to give up their valuables. 
 
 During the raids of August, 1868, the neighbors were gathered 
 at VVm. Hendrickson's place on account of the Indians. Word 
 came that the Indians had hoisted a black flag on IBullfoot. 
 They were badly in need of food. But the women tJiat had 
 charge of the citadel would not allow them to go out while the 
 danger lasted. 
 
 Among the people were .Martin Hendrickson, Jonn nfrangr, 
 Tom Alderidice, Fred Erhardt, Phil Lantz, and a Mr. Shaw. 
 The married men had their families there. Finally Martin 
 Hendrickson and Fred Erhardt managed to get away and they 
 rode around to see what they could find. They weut south, 
 crossed the river at the Thieman place, went on till they 
 crossed BuUfoot and found the black Hag on the south side of 
 the creek a mile from Erhardt's place. It proved to be a piece 
 of calico put up by some white man for a joke. They then 
 dismounted, and, leading their horses, began to look for Indian 
 tracks. They came up the river to the mouth of the Spillman. 
 crossed to the north side, and came toward home. They saw two 
 people with handkerchiefs on their heads and thought at first 
 they were Indians, but on coming nearer found theia to be 
 two little girls, aged six and eight. The elder said, "The Indians 
 have had us." The younger said, "1 wish 1 had a piece ^f bread 
 and some water." 
 
 These children were captured on the Solomon in Beloit and 
 carried away by the Indians who, when surprised by the sol- 
 diers, dropped them on the heights northwest of Lincoln. They 
 had spent the night in a deserted house and when found thought 
 they were still on the Solomon. The circumstance was re- 
 ported to Fort Marker. A rumor was out that two children had 
 
History of Lincoln County '^^ 
 
 been taken from Beloit. A telegram was sent from Foil Marker 
 and their father, Allen Bell, came and took them home. They 
 remained a week at Wm. Hendrickson's. 
 
 A few days before this, about August 8, three women, Mrs. 
 Shaw, Mrs. David G. Bacon, and Miss Foster, were capturecl 
 in a raid on the Spillman. Mrs. Bacon had her baby with her. 
 The women were abused terribly and bound with ropes. Mrs. 
 Bacon became insensible by a blow on the head which cut to 
 the bone, and was left on the prairie for dead. Later in the 
 day she was picked up again by the Indians. At nl^ht they 
 placed the women on ponies and told them to go to their 
 wigwams. Mrs. Bacon was so nearly exhausted that uhe fell 
 off her horse and the other women were obliged to go ,on with 
 out her. She was found the next morning by Mail in Hen 
 drickson, who was the advance guard in the searching- party. 
 She still had her baby, but both were suffering intensely. 
 
 In connection with this raid Mr. F. A. Schemerhorn says: 
 "Our first child was born August S, 1868. The Indians made a 
 raid in there that day." 
 
 The timely arrival of Colonel Benteen with his troop,* of the 
 Seventh Cavalry, which was Custer's regiment, no doubt saved 
 a general massacre. It is the opinion of many of the old set- 
 tlers that Colonel Benteen just happened to be coming ^through 
 here. We quote from Mr. Schemerhorn on this point. 
 
 "About three p. m., August 8, 1868, Colonel Benteen with his 
 troops, A and G of the Seventh Cavalry, came to my ranch. 
 The Colonel, being an old acquaintance, came in to call on me, 
 and asked if there were any Indians to shoot. I said I thought 
 not, as they had made a raid a few days ago, and I believed 
 had left the vicinity as usual. He said the Government scouts 
 reported quite a large body of Indians in our vicinity and that 
 he had made a forced march from Fort Zarah, seventy-three 
 miles, since two p. m. the day before. The horses had not been 
 unsaddled since starting. He mounted his horse and said he 
 was going over to the river about a mile and a half to await 
 supplies which were coming to him from the fort. In about a 
 naif hour 1 heard a lot of shooting and yelling and kne\r it was 
 the soldiers. 
 
 "Pretty soon a young man, Insley, I think was his name, came 
 running his horse, and yelling at every jump that the Indians 
 and soldiers were fighting. 'Give me your revolvers,' he cried. 
 He repeated the request several times but I told him under the 
 circumstances I thought I had better keep them myself. I asked 
 him where he was going and he said down the river after more 
 men to fight the Indians. In about an hour a sergeant and 
 
32 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 tour men came saying Colonel Benteen sent them to tell me 
 tliat everything was O K., that they had driven the Indians 
 across the Saline and there was no further danger at present." 
 It seems hardly possible that this engagement wai on the 
 John Hendrickson place. The Indians are known to iiave at- 
 tacked his house which was near Lincoln, and which was 
 afterward occupied by soldiers, and now forms the corner of 
 the Pioneer House. 
 
 The Pioneer House of Lincoln, which contains some historic 
 
 logs. 
 
 It is known that during this attack some soldiers appeared 
 on the scene and drove them away. 
 
 It is hard to reconcile dates given by different people. Mr. 
 Schemerhorn says the raid on the outskirts of the settlement 
 occurred on 2d and ;Jd, of August, and that the troops came 
 on the 8th, but if the soldiers drove Ihe Indians out on the 
 sth, how did they become bold enough to come back und raid 
 again between the l(h and i:!th, as we shall note later in E. E. 
 .lohnson's diary? We leave the question for a later historian. 
 
 It seems probable that some of Black Kettle's men were on 
 the Spillraan about this time and may have been the partj 
 10 attack the Hendrickson place. 
 
 Black Kettle's territory was invaded by Custer a short (inie 
 
History of Lincoln County 33 
 
 afterward, and his whole village was destroyed. One hundred 
 thirty warriors were killed, and the squaws taken captive. 
 
 Mr. Schemerhorn says further: "General Sully came a few 
 days after and established his headquarters and it was then 
 that the blockhouse was built." 
 
 General Sheridan, who was in command of this department, 
 came to the headquarters from Missouri. He met Mr. J. J. 
 Peate (August. 1S(3S) at Schemerhorn's store on the l^lkhorn 
 As Mr. Peate was a Government scout for Sheridan, ana a good 
 Indian fighter, the General selected him to help gamer logerncr 
 and organize a company of volunteers from among the settlers 
 and hunters to protect the frontier. Sixty men were enlisted, 
 of which nuniber twenty-three were from the Saline Valley. 
 These were J. J. Peate. Chalmer Smith, E. E. .Johnson, com- 
 mander of the volunteers. D. V. Skinner, Fletcher Vilott, Louis 
 Farley and his son Hutchison, Thomas Alderdice, Thomas 
 Boyle, Eli Ziegler, Geo. Green, John Lyden, and John Haley, of 
 the section which is now Lincoln C^ounty, and G. W. Culver, 
 Frank Herington, Howard Morton, G. H. Tucker, G. B. Clark, A. 
 J. Eutsler, E. E. Tozier, K. R. Tozier, Wm. Stubbs, and J. E. 
 Green, from Ottawa -and Saline Counties. 
 
 The operations of this body of scouts were not in Lincoln 
 County, and it may seem far fetched to include an account of 
 their campaign in this history, but the writer believes tliat it 
 belongs here for various reasons. 
 
 The campaign ended with one of the greatest Indiar. battles 
 ever fought on American soil, and the most important part in 
 this battle was taken by Saline Valley men. The buttle ac- 
 complished results important to Lincoln County, wh„ch was 
 scarcely habitable and at least not attractive for settlement so 
 long as the "dog soldiers" remained unchecked. 
 
 The battle of Heechers Island, on the Arickaree River, was 
 the salvation of a large section of the country which mcluded 
 Lincoln County, and it is only right to acknowledge the debt 
 we owe to those who made the future development of our 
 county possible and drove out the enemy that we mip,ht pos- 
 sess the land. 
 
 K E. Johnson had the fortunate habit in those days of keep- 
 ing a diary. The following are some of the entries: 
 
 "Tuesday, August 11. — Went on an Indian scout uIj to the 
 head of Spillman Creek, rode about sixty miles. Got back 
 at eleven o'clock at night, pretty well used up. The Indians 
 had ravished two women and tried to burn one house." 
 
 "Thursday, August. 13th. — Had another Indian scaie. The 
 Indians came in eleven miles above here and commenced firing 
 
34 History of Lincoln County 
 
 on the settlers, but luckily enough just then there was a party of 
 soldiers coming over from Fort Harker and happened on the 
 ground just as the Indians commenced firing, and gave chase.' 
 
 Some authorities say this firing was done at the home of 
 John Hendrickson, the blacksmith, who lived near Lincoln, 
 where the soldiers were quartered, if so, they did not attack 
 the place on the 8th. 
 
 "Friday, August 14th.^ — Went up as far as Mr. Berry's last 
 night and stayed till morning. The settlers kept coming in all 
 night. Got breakfast and struck out on the trail and followed 
 it about eight miles. Met some of the soldiers coming back; 
 learned from them that they ran the Indians fifteen miles, and 
 it came dark on them and they had to quit." 
 
 "Saturday, August 15th. — Went up the Spillman Cieek to 
 where the command was camped. The Colonel sent back to 
 Fort Harker to know what he should do. Sent out si^outs to 
 find the Indians. They came back at night, having fouud noth- 
 ing of note. Boys elected me captain to take commanil of the 
 citizens." 
 
 The scouts Avere soon on their way west, but eignt of them 
 were delayed at Fort Hays, by a mistaken order tmtil it was too 
 late to meet General Forsyth at Fort Wallace, who, with fifty- 
 one men besides himself, was soon pushing ahead into the heart 
 of the enemy's country. Forsyth left Fort Wallace September 5, 
 and followed the Indians trail till the afternoon of September 
 16, when he camped, expecting to meet the Indians the next 
 day. 
 
 The Indians who were gathered in this region and It ad been 
 retreating to get the scouts where they could easily annihilate 
 them, planned a daylight surprise. They were in the Deauti- 
 ful valley of the Arickaree and not far away was an island in 
 the river. The attack was made the next morning before the 
 light was clear. 
 
 This little band of fifty-two men were surrounded by over a 
 thousand warriors, who were armed with Springfield breech- 
 loaders, Spencer and Henry rifles. Their successful cimpaign 
 and ultimate victory over these skilled warriors, theif break- 
 ing of the brilliant charge of Roman Nose, and their eii durance 
 and courage during the terrible days and nights which followed 
 form a chapter scarcely excelled in the annals of warfare the 
 world over. 
 
 Their first move was to retreat mounted to the little island 
 where, after the first charge was repulsed, they threw up sand 
 heaps and dug little trenches for defense. Charge aftei- charge 
 was made upon them, but coolness and discipline battered the 
 
History of Lincoln County 35- 
 
 ranks of the enemy, and won (he day. The most notable charge 
 was the one lead by Roman Nose, the dog chief, who planned 
 to ride right over the island, protected by the Indian sharp 
 shooters, who were to engage the fire of the scouts. In this 
 he was unsuccessful, as the scouts paid no attention to any- 
 thing but the charging cavalry. Roman Nose was killed and 
 his ranks badly shattered. Colonel Beecher, the man for whom 
 the island was named, received his death wound during this 
 charge. 
 
 This was the last charge which amounted to anything. Eight 
 days of the most intense suffering from wounds, from day's 
 heat and night's cold, from the stench of the dead horses and 
 the lack of food and attention followed before the rescue. 
 
 Scouts sent out the first night succeeded in getting to Fort 
 Wallace. Colonel Carpenter, who was in camp on Goose Creek, 
 near the Kansas line, and with whose command the remain- 
 ing scouts were at this time, was ordered to the relief. 
 
 They reached Beecher's Island the morning of the ninth day. 
 J. J. Peate, of Beverly, was the first one to reach his wounded 
 companions. Half the men were either killed or woui ded. If 
 there was anyone who deserved special praise it was Louis 
 Farley, who saved the day by lying with two others near the 
 edge of the island and killing Indians who were trying to creep 
 up unseen and gain the island. He died of his wounda shortly 
 afterward in a temporary hospital. 
 
 Now for the results to the border country. Louis A. McLouth- 
 lin, who was in the battle, and afterwards discussed the situation 
 with the Indians, says: 
 
 "The Indians told me they were concentrating for a grand 
 raid, and at the full of the moon they intended to be in the 
 settlements. They expected to have two thousand warriors, 
 and they intended to spread out on both sides of the Republican 
 and go east until troops drove them out." Spreadin§^ out as 
 they do and covering a large territority, they would ha/e come 
 into the Saline Valley, but this defeat at Beecher's Island set- 
 tled the question of a raid. Besides seventy-five killed, there 
 were a larger number wounded, and they were thrown into con- 
 fusion and disheartened. 
 
 The raid of May in which they had not lost a man had en- 
 couraged them and prompted them to plan this larg£ expedi- 
 tion, but now they were completely crushed. 
 
History of i^.ncoln County 
 
 The Mulberry Scrap 
 
 This is tlie name of an encounter wtiicii occurred tlie 2d of 
 February. 1869, on the Mulberrj^ between the Indians on one 
 side, and some Lincoln County settlers and soldieris on the 
 other. Of course, the Indians got the worst of it as u^.ual, and 
 this is how it happened: 
 
 The Kaws from Council Bluffs, and the Pawnees from Ne- 
 braska, used to pass back and forth and steal horses from each 
 other. Sometimes they annoyed the settlers too much, to theii 
 everlasting undoing. On the occasion of which we a.r£ speak- 
 ing, a band of about a score of Pawnees were coming through 
 the neighborhood, and stopping at Tom Skinner's home, com 
 pelled Mrs. Skinner to cook for them. 
 
 When the settlers heard of this they gathered togetner to 
 see what had best be done. Several suggestions were made, 
 but it was decided to go for the troops that were camped not 
 far from the present site of Lincoln. John Alverson, Eli Zieg- 
 ler, and Chal. Smith went. The captain told them to have the 
 settlers ready by daybreak and he would have some soldiers 
 there at that time. 
 
 Accordingly, a lieutenant with about a dozen soldlfrs, took 
 up the trail with the settlers the next morning. They followed 
 the Indians to Table Rock Creek, where they found tht'r camp 
 fire, and from there to Mulberry, where they o\eriooK Ihem. 
 The Indians had stopped at the home of Chas. Martin to gel 
 food and tobacco, but the advance scouts did not succeed in 
 holding them until the main body of men came up. 
 
 The red men scattered and the settlers began hunting them 
 up and down the creek. Some of them went south across the 
 stream to a high bluff. As they stood looking four Indians 
 raised up side by side. They had discharges from tie army, 
 and one of them handed his discharge to the whites. It was 
 passed from one to another. While this was going on Alver- 
 son, who was in the crowd, slipped off his horse and Dhot the 
 Indian leader dead. The Indians began firing, and the troops 
 soon appeared on the scene. There were two or three more 
 Indians killed. 
 
 The lieutenant wanted to take iliem to Fori Marker imd clvi- 
 
History of Lincoln County ■i^ 
 
 lize lliem. Gen. Isaac ne(JialT sal down on the groiuid and 
 also on the lieutenant's proposition, saying they cou.d nialte 
 good Indian's of them right there. The men disniuunreo, and, 
 leading their horses, followed the Indians down a ravine. The 
 redslvins were shooting arrows, and one of them hit the lieu- 
 tenant's horse, causing the animal to jerlt loose and got away. 
 The lieutenant then said he would kill every Indian. They fol 
 lowed the red men to a rocky gorge where sixteen of them 
 took refuge in a cave. 
 
 One of the soldiers wbo was not careful to keep out of range 
 was shot by an Indian and died at Martin's house two hours 
 later. Eli Ziegler sustained a slight wound. 
 
 Finding no other way to get the Indians it was decided to 
 throw hay into the mouth of the cave and tire it. Seeing what 
 was about to be done the Indians dashed out of the ca\'e under 
 a rain of shot. All but three were killed before they get out oi 
 range. The men quickly mounted and persued the remnant. 
 Richard Clark and Vollany Ball shot two of them at one hun- 
 dred fifty yards range. The other was captured and (he lieu- 
 tenant lool< him lo Fort Harker. 
 
 Raid of 1869 
 
 The battle of the Arickaree, or Heecher's Island stopped at 
 least one great raid and relieved the people of the Saline and 
 Spillman Valleys from the menace of the Dog Soldiers. Custer 
 had settled Black Kettle and his tribe forever. Troops were 
 stationed at different points within the present boundr? of the 
 county, yet for the settlers the worst was yet to come. 
 
 Referring to the soldiers it might be mentioned that a body 
 of them were stationed at Schemerhorn's ranch south of Rocky 
 Hill in 1868. The first Battalion of State troops under Captain 
 Baker was stationed near the present site of Lincoln, some of 
 them at the home of M. D. Green. 
 
 State troops were encamped in the same place in 1S69. This 
 was part of Company C of the 2d Battalion under Lieutenant H. 
 H. Tucker. The headquarters of this encampment wa^ at the 
 mouth of Lost Creek, west of where Christian College now 
 stands. This was the place where John Hendrickson lived, 
 and was attacked by the Indians in 1868. The place wiiere the 
 log building stood can be found yet. The old pioneer louse, a 
 piet 'ire ot which has been given, contains the logs of the main 
 
558 History of Lincoln County 
 
 building. Ttiere were some dugouts and a corral. Abuut fifty- 
 six men wer^ quarteded here in 1869. 
 
 There was a third encampment near Pottersburg. (.'ompany 
 A of the 2d Battalion, under Sapt. H. A. Pliley, occujjied the 
 blockhouse, which was built in the bend of the creeh on the 
 norih side of Spillman, just below the mouth of Bacon Creek. 
 Jt was built after the raid of 1868, and was occupied by the 
 troops that year and the next. It was burned in 1871 or 1872 
 while unoccupied. 
 
 it happened that in May of 1869 there were no troops at any 
 of the above mentioned quarters and the Indians saw an op- 
 portunity for a raid. This raid was probably the most horrible 
 thing which ever happened to the settlers of this section of the 
 country. 
 
 It has been impossible to ascertain what tribe of Indians 
 made the raid. The Cheyennes get the blame for II, but it 
 seems probable that the Dog Soldiers and Sioux we/e there 
 also, as the captives were held by the Sioux and wer ? in the 
 tent of the Sioux chief Tall Bull when rescued. Although Tall 
 Bull was a Sioux, his band was in part made up of outlaw 
 Cheyennes. 
 
 This raid occurred on Sunday, May 31st. The Indians 
 came without warning, and caught the settlers off theif guard 
 
 Eli Ziegler and John Alverson, going up Spillman Creek to 
 a claim, saw what they thought to be a body of soldiens, which 
 really was Indians in blue blouses, marching four abreast. 
 They escaped by driving to the nearest timber and gai ling the 
 shelter of the banks of the stream. The Indians attacked the 
 settlement of Danes, near the mouth of Trail Creek, killing 
 Lawritzen and his wife. A young man named Peterson, who 
 was staking oft" a claim, was killed and his face mutilated with 
 a hatchet. Mr. and Mrs. Wichel and their friend Mayershoff 
 were walking over their claim about '.i v. .m. when they were 
 attacked by the Indians. The men defended Mrs. Wichel un- 
 til their powder was all gone, when they were killed and she 
 was captured. 
 
 During the fight they advanced considerable distance down 
 the valley and were a mile and a half west of Lincoln when 
 the tragedy occurred. They were Germans of Hanovei . They 
 were buried where they met death. 
 
 On the same evening Mrs. Alderdice was visiting Mrs. Kline, 
 a mile and a half west of Lincoln. The two women, Mrs. Aider- 
 dice with four children, and Mrs. Kline, with one, started down 
 the river to seek safety. In crossing a strip of prairie two 
 Indians were seen. Mrs. Kline crossed the river, which was up 
 
History of Lincoln County 39 
 
 to her shoulders, with her child. Mrs. Alderdice, overcome with 
 terror, sat down on the ground, as she could not esctpe with 
 her children. The Indians shot the three little boys killing 
 two and leaving the third wounded in the back. They took Mrs. 
 Alderdice and her child and camped that night on Bullfoot 
 Creek, where they choked the child to death, and hung it to a 
 tree. 
 
 The same evening Harrison Strange, aged fourteen, and a 
 thirteen-year-old boy named Schmutz, who were about a thou- 
 sand yards southeast of Lincoln, saw two Indians riding toward 
 them. The old Indian made friends with them by saying "Good 
 Pawnee," and calmed their fea,rs by tapping them gentl/ with a 
 spear. The young stripling rode up, raising himself high in 
 his stirrups and hit young Strange a blow with a club. The 
 lad saw the blow coming and with the words "Oh, Lord," half 
 expressed he fell dead. 
 
 The club was broken. Sciimutz ran, but was shot with an 
 arrow. It lodged in his side. He pulled it out, but the barbed 
 end remained. Young Strange's two brothers came to the re- 
 lief and Schmutz was taken to Fort Harker, where ten weeks 
 later he died in a hospital. 
 
 The next day a posse found the dead and wounded of Mrs. 
 Alderdice's boys. The live child had an arrow in his back. 
 The arrow was drawn by Phil Lance and Washingtca Smith 
 with a large pair of bullet moulds, and he recovere(!r at the 
 home of Wm. Hendrickson. The two captured women, Mrs. 
 Wichel and Mrs. Alderdice, were unable to plan an escape be- 
 cause one talked German, the other English. 
 
 Mrs. Wichel was about 20 and Mrs. Alderdice about 28. Both 
 were beautiful, refined women. 
 
 The VVichels were brewers of Hanover, and were quite 
 wealthy. It is reported that Mrs. Wichel had forty silk dresses. 
 They had quantities of tine linen and other elegant h\)Usehold 
 goods. They were both well educated and refined people 
 Wichel was about thirty. All the Germans were kiljea, and 
 only ihree Danes survived. They also plundered and stole 
 among others things, $1,.500 in money from Wichels, belonging 
 to ^Irs. Wichel's father. 
 
 The escape of Mrs. Kline was almost miraculous. She hid 
 for a time in a clump of dogwood. The Indians, in their search, 
 walked around and around her so near that she could have put 
 out her hand and touched them. She could see theii mocca- 
 sins, but fortunately they did not see her. Her baby was awake 
 but kept very quiet, though i1 smiled, as it was \ina\vaie of the 
 
40 History of Lincoln County 
 
 danger. This child grew up and lives at the present time in 
 Lincoln. Her name is Mrs. Linker. 
 
 The next day (Monday, June 1), Mr. Alderdice, with a few 
 neighbors, including Myron Green and Martin Hendrickson, 
 were searching for Mrs. Alderdice. After dark they came upon 
 VVm. Karl and learned that a party of Saline Valley laen had 
 been surprised by the Indians at their hunter's camp beyond 
 Wolf Creek the Saturday before. It was a rainy day, and the 
 men were at the camp when the Indians came. They all 
 jumped into the brush for shelter. Sol Humbarger was wound- 
 ed. They kept in the brush and made their way to the third 
 branch of Wolf Creek, where Earl left Humbarger with Dick 
 Alley and Harry Trask, while he came on for help. He had not 
 eaten anything for two days. 
 
 Myron Green started at once for Salina, and the cext day 
 came back with a number of volunteers to the rescue, About 
 five that evening a party of twenty started out to find Hum- 
 barger. They camped on the Spillman that night. Wednesday 
 noon they met a crowd from the Colorado neighborhood who 
 had already rescued the hunting party. "Jack" Peate and Day- 
 hoff were among the number. Humbarger had been wounded 
 in the hip with an arrow. 
 
 For some days after the raid the settlers kept indoortj, as they 
 were afraid to go abroad even to get food. When Harrison 
 Strange was buried the whole funeral procession was armed. 
 The funeral was at Wm. Hendrickson's, and the cemetery was 
 on the Schemerhorn place, south of the river. When the body 
 was lowered into the grave and the ceremony over, a buffalo 
 was seen coming from the south. Those who had guns gave 
 chase, killed the animal, and divided the meat among the set- 
 tlers. The neighborhood was found to be short of ammunition, 
 and Phil Lantz rode to Salina and back seventy-two niles in 
 one day, bringing with him six Spencer carbines and a large 
 amount of ammunition. 
 
 After the raid the Indians retreated with their captives and 
 plunder to their village on the sand hills between th » Platte 
 and Frenchman Creek, whither they were followed by General 
 Carr, the same summer. 
 
 While on the Republican River General Carr struck a large 
 lindian trail which had been freshly traveled. At eacU recent 
 camping place there was the print of a woman's stoe. An 
 article entitled "The Adventure of Ma.i. Frank North," bv Alfred 
 Sorenson, in the Nebraska Historical Collections, give:< an ac- 
 count of the recapture of the women. 
 
 It is from his article and from letters by Hercules H. Price, 
 
History of Lincoln County -11 
 
 who was with General Carr that this account of the recapture 
 is compiled. 
 
 As General Carr, wiili Major North and his Pawnee scouts 
 were pushing on north they came across a bit of torn dress, 
 and later found a note saying. 'Tor (rod's sake, come and rescue 
 us." 
 
 Detachments of the best mounted men from the five compan- 
 ies were selected for a forced march. The wagon trains were 
 left to follow. The next morning, July 11, an Indian village 
 was sighted near the valley of the South Platte. After a care- 
 ful survey it was decided to attack from the north. However, 
 while making the circuit described by Major North, the com- 
 mand keeping a mile and a half from the village, and swinging 
 around the east side, General Carr became afraid that they 
 had been observed by the Indians, and ordered a charge. 
 
 The Indians, lazy with feasting, and satisfied with booty, 
 were resting in the shade of their tents, and were taken com- 
 pletely by surprise. The charge of the cavalry threw every- 
 thing into instant confusion. The village was admiralily situ- 
 ated for a defense had it not been too late. 
 
 As the cavalry came riding down the streets of the village, 
 firing volley after volley, the Indians fled in all directions to 
 ravines and rocks. Their ponies were grazing on the prairie,, 
 but very few succeeded in reaching them. The soldiers l:*gan 
 hunting them down in their hiding places and slaughtering 
 them on every hand. Tall Bull, with his squaw and ciiild and 
 eighteen warriors were surrounded in a narrow ravine. He and 
 his followers were all killed and the squaw and child was taken 
 captive. 
 
 Meanwhile an active search for the white captives under 
 Captain Gushing had resulted in finding Mrs. Alderdice und Mrs. 
 VVichel, both badly wounded, in the tent of Tall Bull, (vho had 
 taken them as wives. Seeing it was impossible to keep them 
 longer he had shot them. Mrs. Alderdice was lying on the 
 ground unconscious, and just as Major North came in «vith the 
 captive squaw and child of Tall Hull, .Mrs. Alderdice drew one 
 or two long breaths and died. 
 
 Mrs. Wichel was sitting on a mat conscious and suffering 
 intensely from her wound. She wept for joy at the sight of 
 the white men. After soldiers and Pawnees had finished with 
 the Sioux her wounds were tended and she was made comfor- 
 table as possible. Nine hundred dollars of the money was re- 
 covered and returned to Mrs. Wichel. Her gold watch and some 
 other things were also recovered. The village, which v.^as rich 
 in Indian property and booty taken from the whites, was plun- 
 
42 History of Lincoln County 
 
 dered and burned. The place was called Susannah, which was 
 the Christian name of Mrs. Alderdice. She was buried on the 
 battleground. 
 
 The suffering of these two women and their cruel treatment 
 is a pathetic and shameful story which we will not go into in 
 detail. During the absence of Tall Bull they were beaten by 
 his squaw through jealousy. The women were not allowed to 
 see each other above half a dozen times during their captivity. 
 
 Mrs. Wichel married later, but it is not definitely known at 
 this time whether it was a soldier, a blacksmith, or an army 
 surgeon. 
 
 This was the end of the Indian troubles so far as this section 
 of ihe country was concerned. The Sioux were crippled as the 
 Dog Soldiers and Black Kettle's followers had been the year 
 before. Indians were seldom seen in Lincoln County after that, 
 although it is plain from the attitude of the early newspaper 
 that the people took a keen interest in the warfare against 
 them in other places, and favored the extermination of th* 
 Modocs. 
 
 In 187o a party of Indians with their squaws, were seen on 
 the Elkhorn. They were advised to move on, and did so. The 
 last Indian seen in bands in this vicinity was in 1879 or 1880. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 43 
 
 County Organization 
 
 The second epoch of Lincoln County history begins with its 
 organization into a county in 1870. In spite of the drawbacks 
 and dangers of pioneer lite, in spite of the fact that Kansas had 
 not yet out-grown her reputation for being a desert place with 
 hot winds, and the fact that our county was at that time open 
 frontier, exposed to hostile Indians, in spite of famine, flame, 
 
 Ruins of John S. Strange's House Showing Fireplace by Which 
 the First Commissioners Sat. 
 
 malaria and fever, people came, and kept coming. The valleys 
 filled with settlers, and the hills with herds, till four years after 
 the first claim was staked, there were five hundred and sixteen 
 people here. 
 
 The Legislature defined the boundaries of Lincoln County in 
 1867, and it was first a township of Ottawa and later of Saline 
 County. A petition headed by Tom Boyle, Martin Hendrlck- 
 son, Geo. Green, H. J. Wisner, and Isaac DeGraff, asking for 
 separate county organization, was sent to Topeka. 
 
 Governor J as. M. Harvey proclaimed separate county organ- 
 ization and established a temporary county seat on the north' 
 west quarter of section 35, township 11, range 8, about wheri 
 Lincoln Center now stands. He appointed temporary officers as 
 follows: Isaac DeGraff, Washington Smith, and John S. 
 
44 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Strange, County Commissioners, and F. A. Schermerhorn county 
 clerk, on October 4, 1870, and on October 6, the Commissioners 
 met at the house of Jno. S. Strange. 
 
 They named the county Lincoln in honor of Abraham Lin- 
 coln, and divided it into four townships, Colorado, Elkhorn, Salt 
 Creek, Indiana. They also turned down a petition to have the 
 county seat moved three miles east and one-half mile south of 
 where it was. This was near the place which afterwards be- 
 came the Abram townsite. The petition was headed by M. D. 
 Green, Dick Clark, .Jacob Harshbarger. and Harmon Kingsley. 
 
 County Seat Contest 
 
 Few counties have managed to get along without a county 
 seat contest, and this was the beginning of the one in Lincoln. 
 The election in November resulted as follows: Representative, 
 L C. Buzlck; Commissioners, Cornelious Dietz, Jas. Wild, .John 
 S. Strange; County Clerk, A. S. Potter; Treasurer, Vollany 
 Ball; Probate Judge, D. C. Skinner: Register of Deeds, T. A. 
 Walls: Sheriff, R. B. Clark; Coroner, Francis Seiber; County 
 Attorney, iMyron Green; District Clerk, .1. A. Cook; Surveyor, 
 P. Lowe. This was a victory for those in favor of changing the 
 county seat, so it was picked up bodily and taken over the hill, 
 where, in order to make business legal, the county officers met 
 and organized court on the bare and bleak townsite of Abram 
 one cold January day in 1871. They then adjourned to the 
 house of Ezra Hubbard, where the new County Commissioners 
 met in February, 1871. A license to sell liquor was granted, 
 Mr. Strange casting his vote against it. Three petitions for 
 county roads were accepted. The first was to run from section 
 12, on the east line of the county, to the county seat, the second 
 from Pottersburg to the county seat, and the third was to begin 
 between section 24 and 25, on the east line of the county, 
 and go to Elkhorn Creek, and thence to a point about a half 
 mile west of Twin Groves, corner of section 28. The clerk was 
 instructed to procure seals for the Probate Judge and Register 
 of Deeds, and advertise for proposals to build a court house. 
 The bids were to be filed in the clerk's office up to 12 m. on 
 Saturday, April 1, and the court house was to be completed by 
 .July 1. In March, 1871, the Legislature provided for court in 
 ivincoln County. .Jas. H. Canfield, of .Junction City, judge of the 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 45 
 
 bJigmli district, piesided over court on .\oveml)er tith of the 
 same year. 
 
 The buildings wore pul up tlic next summer. The county 
 eft'ects were housed in the upstairs of .Myron Green's store. A 
 frame building 2r)Xt;o feet. Counly Clerk A. S. Potter had to 
 issue the license to sell licpior which had been granted to Fred 
 Buckner and John Cleary, and is mad yet because he had to. 
 
 Two petitions were hied with the C'immissioners that year 
 to hold another election on tlu^ county seat proposition. Botli 
 were rejected in .June. There was considerable agitation a' 
 this time about this question, and a tragic affair occurred wiiich 
 really settled the counry seat tight. 
 
 Ezra Hubbard was building a mil! at Rocky Hill. Bad blood 
 had come to exist between liim and the Haleys, who wanted to 
 drive him off his claim. Tliey annoyed him a great deal, some- 
 times coming at night and tearing down the building. At one 
 time John Haley burned one of Hubbard's freight wagons. The 
 latter suspected Haley of stealing logs from his timber land, 
 so on one occasion, when he and his son-in-law, John Cook, went 
 with their teams to haul logs, Hubbard took his cai'bine with 
 him to stop Haley from trespassing. 
 
 Haley was on the Hubbard property, and when the men were 
 about to hitch to a certain log he claimed it, saying that it had 
 floated onto Hubbard's place from his. A quarrel arose and 
 Hubbard shot Haley. 
 
 House in Which Hubbard Was Mobbed. 
 
46 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 After the shooting Hubbard managed to get away from 
 Haley's friends and gave himself up. He was at first put in 
 the store building at Abram, and later confined in a building 
 used for a boarding house. Cook was arrested and kept with 
 him. 
 
 This building has since been moved to Lincoln, and is now 
 occupied by John Kyle's tin shop. Sheriff Medcalf appointed four 
 of Hubbard's worst enemies to guard the prisoners, refusing all 
 other help that was offered. As no two persons exactly agree 
 
 The Hubbard Mill. 
 
 on the names of these guards, we are not sure that we are 
 absolutely correct in the matter, but it seems most likely that 
 they were John Lyden, ('has. Wilson, John Ryan, and Tim 
 Murphy. 
 
 John Lyden did his best to protect the two prisoners, but 
 to no avail. A mob of forty men, in all degrees of intoxica- 
 tion, took the place. They first shot at Hubbard through the 
 window and later entered the building and shot again. Suffer- 
 ing from nine wounds the old man crept up the cleats on the 
 wall to the loft. Later in the night some members of the mob 
 beat out his brains with a carpenter's mallet. Cook escaped. 
 
 Several parties, including all of the guards, were arrested, 
 but none were brought to trial except Ira Buzick. He was ac- 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 47 
 
 quitted. This trial cost the coanty $10,000, and, of course, peo- 
 ple grumbled and blamed the otHcers for not keeping such dis- 
 turbances down. 
 
 Hubbard's body was taken to Salina for burial. Those who 
 escorted the body were well armed, but then, nobody was con- 
 sidered dressed in those days unless he was sufficiently armed 
 to take care of himself. Thomas Bennett bought the mill. This 
 is the way it looked in process of building. 
 
 Mob violence was used as an argument for changing the lo- 
 cation of the county seat. On February 19, 1872, an election was 
 held at which 408 votes were cast. Lincoln Center received 
 232 and Abram 176. 
 
 The triumphant Lincolnites then loaded Abram on wheels 
 and brought it along with the county's archives to Lincoln. 
 All the buildings were moved. Abram was not allowed to die a 
 natural death, but was given the distinguishing honor of being 
 translated while yet in the body. 
 
 A building was erected for a newspaper by a deaf and dumb 
 man, but only two issues of the paper came out. 
 
 This building, which was 10x22 feet, was later moved to Lin- 
 coln, and became the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Anna C. Wait. 
 Mrs. Wait taught Lincoln's first school in it, and it is now used 
 for a shoeshop. 
 
 BUILDING THE COURT HOUSE. 
 In 187o the county headquarters was in the upstairs of the 
 Webster building. The rent on this upper room was $300 per 
 year. 
 
48 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 April 1st of this year bonds to the amount of $4,000 were 
 voted for building a court house. There was much opposition 
 to these bonds, and after the blanks for the bonds had been 
 ordered. County Clerk A. S. Potter was warned that an in- 
 junction would be served on him to prevent his signing them. 
 Accordingly the blanks were taken from the express office at 
 Salina by another man so that County Attorney Beatty would 
 not know they had come. They were privately handed to Mr. 
 Potter, who, with John S. Strange, retired after night to the 
 lonely habitation of Tom i\Ialoue, northwest of Lincoln, where 
 they each signed their names one hundred and seventy-six 
 times to bonds and coupons. The bonds were not sold for face 
 value, but the balance of three hundred dollars was made up by 
 private subscription. The court house, which was built at 
 that time, was burned in 1898. The present fine building 
 shown in the picture was then built, and dedicated in 1900. 
 
History of Lincoln County 49 
 
 THE GRASSHOPPERS. 
 
 This brings us down to a famous period in the annals of 
 Kansas — 1874 — "grasshopper year." In the diary of E. E'. John- 
 son is an account of the grasshoppers in August, 1868. They 
 came from the north, commenced at the edge of his corn field 
 and cleaned it as they went. But in 1874 they made their big 
 raid through Kansas and did not slight Lincoln County. It 
 made times extremely hard everywhere, especially for the new 
 settlers who had nothing but their crops. 
 
 The Government sent out some blankets and army overcoats 
 and for many years afterward the grasshopper sufferer could be 
 picked out of a crowd by his coat. Relief was also sent out 
 by private parties in the East. Many people were left abso- 
 lutely destitute and the township trustees spent the winter dis- 
 ributing supplies. Not a green leaf was left. Everyhing was 
 eaten up but castor beans. The grasshoppers drew the line here 
 as does the small boy. 
 
 THE LYDEN MURDER. 
 
 The next year a very mysterious murder occurred. A well 
 educated and cultured Irishman, John Lyden by name, who had 
 been one of the armed guards placed over Ezra Hubbard, was 
 the victim of foul play, the full secret of which will probably 
 never be unearthed. The facts so far as they developed at 
 the time are as follows: John Lyden, a wealthy stock owner 
 of the Elkhorn was shot as he sat at breakfast one morning, by 
 an unknown party, the shot being fired from under the table. 
 The body was hid under the bed all day and at night taken in 
 a wagon to the vacated home of Dr. Seiber, who had built one 
 of the finest houses in the county and later left it. Here the 
 body was thrown into the well, the house was burned down 
 and some of he charred timbers thrown into the well. The 
 body remained in the well about a month before it was discov- 
 ered. In the meantime a young man by the name of Millard 
 Eaton who was working for Lyden at the time rounded up his 
 cattle, drove them to Ellsworth and shipped them to John 
 Lyden , at Kansas City. Eaton went to Kansas City and re- 
 turned by way of Salina, leaving $1,000 in a box with a certain 
 doctor there. He went out home and had a big party and 
 seemed to have plenty of money to spend. By this time people 
 began to wonder what had become of Lyden. Eaton then came 
 to Lincoln Center on Sunday. 
 
 A certain already notoriously l)ad character attracted sus- 
 picion to himself by driving from Salina to Lincoln in two and 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 a half hours, and taking Millard Eaton away with him, at'tor 
 which Katon was seen no more in I^incoln, but rumor had it 
 that he was seen in Kentucky by the Lincoln County sheriff 
 who went there ostensibly to bring him back, which he did not 
 do. All sorts of surmises and rumors were current but the 
 incident was closed without any one being bright to trial. 
 
 After Baton disappeared a searching party comprised of F. 
 A. Schermerhorn, Tone Bishop, Wells, and Grubo found the 
 body in the well. Mr. Bishop climbed into the well and saw 
 blood on the side of it. The body was under water. Some of 
 the citizens employed a private attorney to look into the matter. 
 Several parties were suspected of being implicated. It was 
 not supposed that Eaton did the shooting himself but seems 
 probable that he was there wiien it was done. 
 
 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 It is a relief to turn from the above tragic facts to something 
 more agreeable. Lincoln County was en.1oying continual growth 
 and prosperity. In 1873 there were five hundred families or 
 about 2,500 people. Stone buildings, bridges, mills, and other 
 improvements were being built. A fine new school house the 
 best this side of Junction City was put up in 1872. 
 
 The next year the Rees Mill was built. It is still one of the 
 most beautiful spots around Lincoln Center. 
 
 It was buiii by Elias Rees and after his death was operated 
 by his son, 1^. J. Rees, who is the present owner. At present 
 .Mr. T. F. Brann and Mr. Howard Rees operate it. 
 
History of Lincoln County 51 
 
 In this same year a six tool vein of coal was found a mile 
 from Lincoln Center. There were also coal mines in the Elk- 
 horn and Spillman, the vein being 314 feet thick. A vein 3 
 feet thick was discovered underlying the whole Danish settle- 
 ment. Twenty-tive men were employed in the Spillman mines 
 and more were being put in as fast as room could be made. This 
 coal was worth $3.50 to $3.75 per ton at the mines. Lincoln 
 had great prospects for a mining country. For further discus- 
 sion read the article on "'xeology" in another part of the book. 
 
 PRAIRIE FIRES. 
 
 Lincoln County has had prairie fires, cyclones, and floods 
 which brought more or less disaster with each visitation. 
 
 The first big fire on record was in 1871. The fire originated 
 on the railroad track near Fort Marker, and came into Lincoln 
 County from the south. It burned up ranges and destroyed 
 many thousand head of cattle. No lives were Iost| The most 
 disastrous fire was in March, 1879, when the northwestern 
 townships were burned over. Three deaths occurred about a 
 mile north of where Prairie Grove Church now stands. The 
 victims were Kobt. Afontgomery and his fourteen-year-old son, 
 Robert, and Isaac Pfaff. These men were caught out on the 
 prairie and overtaken by the fianies. The Montgomery home 
 was also destroyed. 
 
 RAILROAD HISTORY. 
 
 The population in 1880 was 8,572. The work of organizing 
 townships which had been in progress since 1875 was finished 
 about this time and the county was redistricted as follows: 
 
 F'irst District, Indiana, Valley, Franklin, Colorado, and Mad- 
 ison; Second District, Marion, Beaver, Salt Creek, Logan, Scott, 
 and Battle Creek; Third District, Orange, Cedron, Grant, Pleas- 
 ant, Highland, and Golden Belt. 
 
 It was "about this time that railroad agitation began. The 
 Topeka, Salina and Great Western organized in 1880, and se- 
 cured a right of way in Lincoln County in 1881, without oppo- 
 sition. Then the Kansas Central put up a good talk and wanted 
 $60,000 for a narrow guage. Later the Kansas Central was ab- 
 sorbed into the Union Pacific. 
 
 The Union Pacific had surveyed a Saline Valley route in 
 1866, when Junction City was the terminus of the Kansas Pa- 
 cific, but when the Union Pacific became a candidate for Gov- 
 ernment subsidies its projects naturally took the route along 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 the Smoky Hill, which was the old "Pikes Peak" trial and along 
 which were the military posts of Fort Harker, Fort Hays, and 
 i<ort Wallace. Not until compelled to do so for fear of other 
 roads did the Union Pacific build the Saline Valley branch. In 
 spite of five years of dally expectance of a railroad, in 1885 
 the people of Lincoln County were still hauling their grains 
 to Salina and l^JUsworth and hauling back their goods in wag- 
 ons. In October of that year aid was voted by the county and 
 in 1886 a branch of the Union Pacific, called the Salina, Lin- 
 coln and Western reached Lincoln Center. The road is now 
 called Salina and Oakley. 
 
 The Cleary Case 
 
 in the morning of January 3, 1888, the community was thrown 
 Into great excitement over the killing of Jesse Turner by a 
 neighbor Pat Cleary. The two men had quarreled over a drink- 
 ing place where both wished to water stock, and as Turner was 
 driving his stock to water Cleary shot him. He then came to 
 town, gave himself up and claimed he did it in self defense. 
 Coroner De Armond summoned a jury and repaired with the 
 sheriff to the scene of the shooting. The facts as they appeared 
 to this jury did not support Cleary's plea of self defense. He 
 was tried, found guilty of murder in the second degree, and 
 sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment. After serving a few 
 months of this term a new trial was granted by the supreme 
 court. Accordingly Pat was brought back to Lincoln. A jury 
 was impaneled and the trial begun May 16, 1889. The State 
 made out even a better case than it had before but from some 
 words which were let drop from time to time, the public was 
 not sure that Cleary would be convicted. The jury was sent 
 out Wednesday, May 30. They wore able to come to no agree- 
 ment and by Friday the citizens began to think that some one 
 •or two men were persistently voting for acquittal. Saturday 
 night the jury was sent out until the judge should ask for their 
 report. The people had now become convinced that the jury 
 was "spiked." Sunday night there were open threats of lynch- 
 ing, and an extra guard was placed over the jury room. Mon- 
 day morning the jury was still unable to agree and they were 
 discharged. 
 
 Cleary might have gone free now for anything the State 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 could have done foi a change of venue can not be taken in 
 criminal cases, and another lawful jury could not have been 
 secured in the county. 
 
 But as soon as the jury was discharged the prisoner through 
 his attorney, Ira C. Buzick, entered a plea of manslaughter in 
 the third degree and was sentenced by the judge to three years 
 imprisonment, which is the maximum punishment for that de- 
 gree of crime. 
 
 As soon as it became known that one man had persistently 
 voted for acquittal the wrath of the citizens burned higher and 
 higher. J. P. Harmon, who voted for acquittal, was intercepted 
 by an unorganized mob on the street, who demanded to know 
 why he hung the jury. He placed himself under the protection 
 of the sheriff and was taken to the court house for safety. All 
 day long hundreds of men from all over Ellsworth and Lincoln 
 Counties, who knew Cleary and believed the ends of justice had 
 been defeated and the law made a travesty, poured into Lin- 
 coln. It is believed that Cleary had attempted to kill John 
 Lyden and that he killed his brother-in-law, Cornelius Deits. 
 Other stories of his vengeful and bloodthirsty nature were 
 afloat. The jurors and those who had testified against him in 
 the two trials were especially alarmed lest when he would final- 
 ly be released he would get his revenge. 
 
 The mob filled the court house square and demanded that J. 
 P. Harmon show himself and be catechised. He came to the 
 window and gave his reasons but his answer failed to satisfy 
 the crowd. 
 
 There was nothing to do now but wait for night. It was said 
 that a guard was stationed every fifty feet in Lincoln to pre- 
 vent any possible escape of the prisoner. Toward night the 
 excitement was so tense as to be felt in the atmosphere. Com- 
 paratively few people v/ere seen on the streets at dark and 
 shortly afterward Harmon escaped by the back of the court 
 house. Sheriff Boyle placed guards over the prisoner and about 
 nine o'clock went home leaving the door unlocked. Soon after 
 the sheriff was gone Cleary took a hatchet from the stove and 
 made a desperate attempt to escape. Several shots rang out 
 as he ran across the court house yard. He was captured in the 
 wire fence at the northwest corner of the square. One shot 
 had taken effect in his left side. In course of the short trial 
 given him before his execution he is said to have confessed to 
 killing three men and trying to kill two more but said it was in 
 self defense. He was taken down to the Fourth Street bridge. 
 A new rope provided for the occasion was tied around his neck 
 
54 History of Lincoln County 
 
 and he was dropped off ihe bridge and fell fifteen and a half 
 feet. 
 
 There were some three or four hundred men in the crowd 
 and it was the verdict of ninety-tive per cent of the people that 
 it was the only thing to do under the circumstances. It loolts 
 like a brutal thing to drag a fatally wounded man to the bridge 
 and hang him, but once into the business the lynchers could 
 not afford to Quit till the 30b was finished. 
 
 The sequel to the Cleary case was a libel suit for $10,000 
 damages brought against Anna ('. and W. S. Wait, proprietors 
 of the Beacon, by Jeary Moler, of Salina, one of Cleary's at- 
 torneys. This gentleman came near being lynched with his 
 client, and he was warned never to come to Lincoln County 
 again. The Beacon had remarKed concerning Moler's conduct 
 of the (-leary case that he was an all round villain. Mr. Wait 
 charged him with "fixing" the jury. A short time afterward, 
 on complaint of Moler, Wait was secretly arrested and conveyed 
 to Salina at once. It was feared that if the news of his arrest 
 became public it would be impossible to take :\ir. Wait fioni 
 Lincoln as' the people would demand that he be tried in his 
 own covmty. 
 
 On learning of the arrest the people were very indignant. 
 When the train came in that evening Mr. Wait was met by 
 hundreds of citizens in buggies, in wagons, and afoot. Business 
 was suspended for the time being. A subscription had been 
 already started 10 pay the costs of the trial. Mr. Wait was 
 taken to the center of the town and asked to make a speech 
 telling the public all about the days experience in Salina. The 
 trial had been set for October. 
 
 The Republican of Sunday, October 27, 1889, contains an ac- 
 count of the trial in v/hich it is spoken of as the most noted 
 trial ever held in Saline County. The affair stirred up Lincoln 
 to the depths as nothing had for years and the people stood by 
 Mr. Wait, regardless of party or personal affairs. 
 
 'i"he case was widely comanentei! on ))> tlic piess over the 
 State and in other States, these comments all favoring the de- 
 fense. Had he been tried at home be would have undoubtedly 
 been acquitted in the first trial. But Saline County was t'livided. 
 The jurors were all farmers and at the end of seventeen hours 
 they stood equally divided. On being told that they absolutely 
 must agree ihey returned a verdict of guilty with a recom- 
 mendation of jiominal i)unishment. Mi-. Moler made a speech 
 recommending light punishment and .Mr. Wait was fined $10. 
 and court costs amounting, to $f500. An appeal was taken and 
 granted. 
 
History of Lincoln County 55 
 
 The supreme court reversed the decision of the lower couri 
 and Mr. Wait was acquitted. The General Statutes of Kansas 
 for 1897 contained the followina; decision concerning this case- 
 
 "A part of an alleged libelous article was that the person 
 alleged to be libeled who was an attorney-at-law assisting in tho 
 defense in a criminal prosecution for murder, had at the time 
 no possible hope of being able to clear his client with a fair 
 jury but his only hope lay in a packed jury and that his man- 
 ner of conducting" the trial showed that he relied upon hanging 
 the jury by a 'fixed man,' or in other word by a bribed juror 
 and after evidence has been introduced tending to prove these 
 matters the defendant has the right to show that one of the 
 jurors was 'fixed' or bribed; that he did in fact hang the jury; 
 and the defendant has a right to show the conduct of said juror 
 in the jury room, while the jury was deliberating on their ver- 
 dict, and what said juror then and there did, and what he omit- 
 ted to say and do, how he voted and how the other members of 
 the jui-y voted." (State vs. Wait, 44 K. 310.) 
 
 Ill beginning this work it was not the intention to lay stress 
 on the crminal history of Lincoln County, but since three mur- 
 ders have already been extensively written up it seems best 
 since one man's life is as important as another's to at least 
 mention the other murders. 
 
 In 1882 a farmer by the name of Wheeler was shot from the 
 back of his, wagon as he was driving home from town one night. 
 A stranger was arrested for the murder but later broke jail and 
 escaped. 
 
 Wesley Faulk, a single man, was killed at night by unknown 
 parties. No arrests were made. 
 
 Mike Haley, brother to the Haley killed by Ezra Hubbard, 
 killed his nephew, a young man by the name of Barrett. He 
 was tried and acquitted on the grounds of self-defense. The 
 killing was done in Haley's house. 
 
 ".Jack" Peate says that if you are going to point out the places 
 in Lincoln County where people have been killed that it will be a 
 long job, as violent deaths have occurred on nearly every acre 
 of it. 
 
 So I think we will stop here and discuss something else. 
 
5« 
 
 History of Lincoln CouiJy 
 
 On the Roll of Honor 
 
 The following men represented Lincoln County in the State 
 Legislature in the years indicated: 
 
 1872, F. A. Schemerhorn; 1873, Geo. Green; 1874, Vollany 
 Ball; 1875, Jas. B. Goff; 1876, E. S. Pierce; 1877, Reuben Wil- 
 liams; 1879, W. S. Wait; 1883 to 1886, R. P. Bryant; 1887, also 
 1889, J. D. Miller; 1891 and 1893, A. N. Whittington; 1895 and 
 1897, J. J. Lambert; 1899, Arthur J. Stanley; 1901, F. G. Dun- 
 ham; 1903, J. D. Miller on resignation of D. E'. Books; 1905 to 
 present time, E. T. Skinner. 
 
 Ira C. Buzick was the first Representative, also State Senator 
 in 1881. Geo. W. Anderson was also a representative from Lin- 
 coln County. In 1895 A. P. Gilpin was Journal Clerk at the 
 State House. He held this office two terms. William Baker, of 
 Lincon, was a Congressman and repreesnted the Sixth District 
 in Washington. D. C. 
 
 HON. E. T. SKINNER, 
 
 Representative from 
 Lincoln County, 
 
 \\ lio secured an appro- 
 priation for the Beech- 
 er's Island monument. 
 He belongs to one of 
 the oldest and best 
 families in the county, 
 his people having mov- 
 ed here in 1866. His 
 mother was the first 
 school teacher in Lin- 
 coln County and his un- 
 cle, D. C. Skinner, was 
 one of the Forsyrh 
 scouts. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 A. J. STANLEY, 
 
 County Superintendent 
 of Schools, 
 
 The man who made 
 Lincoln County famous. 
 Born and raised here. 
 Went to the Legisla- 
 ture and helped make 
 laws while still in knee 
 pants. 
 
 As County Superin- 
 tendent of Schools he 
 introduced the study of 
 agriculture. Helpe'd re- 
 vise the school laws. 
 The fact that he once 
 lived at Colbert could 
 not keep a good man 
 down. 
 
 ARTHUR ARTMAN, 
 
 Probate Judge. 
 
 His title should be 
 "The Marrying Judge," 
 or "The Lightning 
 Knot-Tier." He was 
 born and raised in New 
 York State at Hunter. 
 Came to Kansas in 
 1879. Taught school 
 for a number of years. 
 Elected to his presen*^ 
 office in 1902. He ha? 
 married a great many 
 people and everybody 
 that he married voted 
 for him, so he will 
 probably be there as 
 long as he wants to 
 stay. 
 
58 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 J. W. MEEK, 
 Clerk of the District 
 Court. 
 Here is a man witii 
 some real history. Born 
 in Meigs County, Ohio, 
 November 2, 1841. En- 
 listed in Company E, 
 75th Ohio Volunteers in 
 1862. Taken prisoner 
 at the Battle of Gaines- 
 ville, Florida, August 
 17, 1864. and was in 
 Andersonville and Flor- 
 ence prisons until Feb- 
 ruary 26, 1865. Came 
 to Lincoln County, Kan- 
 sas, in 1879, and took a 
 homestead. Elected 
 County Clerk in 188!!, 
 and served four years. 
 
 GEO. E. HUTCHISON, 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 
 He was born in Mis- 
 souri, but please don't 
 hold that against him, 
 for he has been in Lin- 
 coln County long 
 enough to be an old 
 settler, and has lived it 
 down. Came to Kan- 
 sas at the age of eight 
 and his home was at 
 Beloit till he came 
 here. ^Ir. Hutchison is 
 one of the jolly men ot 
 the court house crowd, 
 and has plenty of 
 friends. 
 
Histoiy of Lincoln Comity 
 
 59 
 
 S. H. BRUNT, 
 County Surveyor. 
 Born and raised in 
 Iowa. Took a special 
 course in surveying in 
 Gi'and Island, Neb. Be- 
 came a government 
 surveyor and surveyed 
 tlirougli W y o m i n k, 
 Colorado, and New 
 .Mexico. Came to Lin- 
 coln County and served 
 a number of terms as 
 deputy County Survey- 
 or, and was appointed 
 to fill a vacancy. Has 
 been elected four times 
 since. As there is no; 
 much surveying to do 
 Air. Brunt makes ab- 
 stracting his main busi- 
 ness. 
 
 W. H. TAYLOR, 
 
 County Commissionc-. 
 
 One of the Barons of 
 the Spillman. fie lives 
 in one of the finest 
 homes of the county. 
 He is giving eminent 
 satisfaction in his oftic' 
 as the people of th" 
 west side consider he 
 has done more for them 
 1han any other ma'.i 
 they have had. He is 
 the good looker among 
 the county officeis. 
 Tliis picture does not 
 do him justice. 
 
60 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 S. H. LONG, 
 
 County Commissioner. 
 
 He is a Democrat, 
 but the Democrats are 
 a majority on the 
 Board of Commission- 
 ers, so it is all right. 
 He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania in 1850, and 
 came to Lincoln Coun- 
 ty, Kansas, in 1878, ami 
 engaged in farming. 
 His home is on his fine 
 farm not far from Lin- 
 coln. He was elected 
 to otTice four years ago. 
 
 C. H. BERRY, 
 
 County Commissioner. 
 
 Born in England in 
 1859. Came to Lincoln 
 County, Kansas, in 
 1872. His business and 
 official career is as fol- 
 lows: Farmer thirteen 
 years, merchant ten 
 years, auctioneer a 
 number of years, city 
 councilman, deputy 
 sheriff and county com- 
 missioner. He is small- 
 er than the other two 
 commissioners, but he 
 can hold is own ami 
 ably represents the 
 Frist Distrct. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 61 
 
 Here is wliere the 
 other county otlicers 
 disappeared when they 
 saw us coming after 
 their pictures for this 
 book. They'll never 
 come back any more; 
 they're dead ones. 
 
 Some Old Settlers 
 
 MR. N. B. REES. 
 
 Mr. Kees is one of our old settlers, having come to J^incoln 
 County in 1872, and lived here ever since, except for a short 
 time when he was in Oklahoma. He has the honor of having 
 
62 
 
 History of Lincoln Cowity 
 
 made the tirst picture made in ttie county, and was in tlie 
 pliotograpli and jewelry business for ten years. He is now in 
 the laundry business. 
 
 Mr. Kees is a civil war veteran, and his native home was 
 Hlooniington. 111. 
 
 ADOLPH ROENIGK. 
 
 This is one ol the 
 old timers who was 
 born in "Der Vater- 
 land" in 1847. His 
 birthplace was Prussia, 
 and he is the son of 
 Gotlob and Marie Roe- 
 niglv, who were honest 
 thrifty farmers in good 
 circumstances. He re- 
 ceived a common 
 school education, at- 
 tending school until 
 the age of thirteen, 
 when he came to Amer- 
 ica, leaving his parents 
 in the old country. 
 
 He settled first in 
 Wisconsin and later 
 went to St. Louis, 
 where he learned the 
 trade of saddler and 
 harness making, attending night school. 
 
 In 1866 he made a tour of Kansas, visiting Lawrence, TopeUa, 
 and Manhattan, returning by way of Leavenworth. 
 
 In 186f> he came to Kansas to make his home, working for 
 the Government during the Indian troubles of the year. These 
 pioneer days were the most enjoyable of his life, although he 
 saw the usual hardships and sometimes came near loosing 
 his life, being shot through the lungs once. But judging from 
 his writings he appreciated the freedom of the plains. 
 
 He and some of his companions were in a tight with the 
 Indians in 1868. Two of them were killed. .Mr. Roenigk came 
 back the next year and put up headstones of limestone and 
 cut their names and the inscription "Killed by the Indians May 
 28, 1868." 
 
 He was one of the tirst white men in what is now Russell 
 County, having come there at the time the tirst railroad was 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 63- 
 
 buili Iroin Kansas ("ity to Denver. He settled in Clay Counly 
 in 1S70, and the next year his parents from Germany joined 
 him. He engaged in the saddle and harness business in Clifton, 
 Washington County, and was worth $20,000 at this time. 
 
 He came to Lincoln County and engaged quite extensively 
 in manufacturing, and has always done a prosperous business. 
 He built several business blocks, but was burned out in 1<S'.)7 
 without insurance, and met with other losses. He is still ( n- 
 gaged in tlie harness business, as much for pleasure as profit. 
 He received the white ribbon on manufactured leather goods 
 at the Kansas State Fair in ISttO. 
 
 Mr. Koenigk once went to California for his health, and is 
 now on a tour around the world. He is a bachelor, an Odd 
 Fellow, and a Royal Arcli Mason, also a valuable member ot 
 the Kansas State l:!isiorical Society, for which he has writ- 
 ten many articles, of liis own and others experiences. 
 
 GEORGE SNAPP. 
 
 C.eorge Snapp is one 
 of the younger old set- 
 tlers. He was born in 
 West Virginia in 18.j'). 
 Came to Kansas with 
 his parents in 187"J, 
 being nearly 14 years 
 old. His parents lo- 
 cated in Salt Creek 
 Township, and George's 
 first work in Kansas 
 was herding cattle. 
 The Snapp family came 
 just in time to be "at 
 home" when the grass- 
 hoppers came on the 
 fourth of July, 1874. 
 
 George put in most 
 of his time farming, 
 and what time lie could 
 spare from the farm 
 he devoted to carpen- 
 tering and plastering. 
 
 He was married in 1885 to a Mitciiell County girl then living 
 near Coursens Grove, named Winnifred Wines. To this union 
 have been boin six children, five of them still living Their 
 hrsi cbiki. a girl, died foniteen vears ago. 
 
64 History of Lincoln County 
 
 About the y;ear 1885 Mr. Snapp bought the farm he new lives 
 on four miles and a halt" northeast of Barnard. There are 240 
 acres in the place, and it is choice land. One hundred acres 
 is under cultivation, the balance being used for pasture. The 
 place is well improved, there being a tine double-gabled six- 
 room house and many other conveniences. He turns off a car- 
 load of cattle every year. 
 
 For the past twenty years Mr. Snapp has found time to do a 
 great deal of carpentering and plastering. In later years the 
 demand for his work in these lines has been greater than he 
 could accommodate. He has built live houses since the middle 
 of last October, and has several contracts waiting for him. It 
 is a pretty good record, considering that he only devotes to his 
 trade what time he can spare from the farm. 
 
 That he is a past-master in his line of work is evident from 
 the fact that he can't take all the work that is offered him. 
 
 [The above is copied from the Barnard Bee. Since it was 
 written Mr. Snapp has become owner of a section of land in 
 Ellis County, south of Natoma. | 
 
 T. J. M'CURRY. 
 
 T. J. McCurry was born in North Carolina in 1841. Was 
 married to Miss Mary Bowen in Georgia in 1866, and three 
 years later he brought his family to Kansas, locating on what is 
 now the Adams place. He farmed this place about fifteen 
 years and then bought of David Swank the place he is now 
 on near Milo, which consist of 8S0 acres in all, about 350 of 
 it under cultivation. 
 
 Mr. McCurry commenced buying grain at Milo in 1889, and 
 in 1891 he built the elevator now being operated by his son 
 Thomas. After conducting the grain business with profit for 
 several years he this spring turned the business over to his 
 son, who we feel confident possesses the elements necessary 
 1o make a success of the undertaking. 
 
 Mr. McCurry's success furnishes another example of what 
 Kansas will do for a hard worker. When he landed in this 
 country he had a team and wagon, but no money. That was 
 in 1869. He gained a little on adversity during the next three 
 or four years, but along came the grasshoppers in 1874 and set 
 him back — 'way back. They cleaned up everything and left 
 him as bad oft" or worse than he was when he came. But he 
 stayed with the proposition, and to-day he is one of our solid 
 men. He is a stockholder in the Barnard mill, lumber yard, 
 
History of Lincoln County fi"> 
 
 investment company, a dii-eetor of tlie Bank of Barnard, ami 
 president of ttie Barnard Toleplione Companj'. 
 
 Mr. McCurry tells us that tlie chief industry in Kansas in 
 the early days was cattle raising, which greatly held back the 
 farming industry. But the herd law of 1874 came to the re- 
 lief of the farmers, althou.^h it was at first feared that it 
 would be a detriment to thorn on account of having a tendency 
 to drive the caitJe out of the State, but such was not the case. 
 Cattlemen were compelled to herd their cattle, and the farm- 
 ing industry took en a boom, and it has been booming ever 
 since. 
 
 Anothe>' red letter day for Kansas was when the agricultural 
 department introduced Russian hard wheat. It is a good thing 
 and a money maker for the farmers, and has stayed with them 
 ever since. 
 
 Mr. and INIrs. iMcfurry have rt ised a family of five daugh- 
 ters and one son. Three of the daughters are married: Mrs. 
 Wlla Borgan, Mrs. Ida Richardson, and Mrs. Esther Lenhart. 
 The first two live not far from Barnard, the last one at Fly- 
 mouth, Kans. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF T. J. IVIXURRY. NEAR MILO. 
 
66 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 This is a ciiy, beautiful for situation. One can see it for 
 miles nestled down between the hills and among its beautiful 
 trees, with the town pot the only natural curio in the vicinity, 
 towering like a big black watch-tower that guards from harm. 
 
 The streets of this city are not paved with gold owing to 
 the fact that there is but one man in town who can fit crutches 
 to lame eyes, but they are lined up and dow^n with delightful 
 shade trees. 
 
 Lincoln has city waterworks, electric lights, excellent public 
 schools, a college, fine residences, two blocks of flourishing busi- 
 ness houses, a sanitarium, and a lot of automobiles. It is in 
 the center of a large and prosperous farming territory, without 
 a rival for many miles on either side, and the largest town on 
 this branch of the Union Pacific between Salina and the State 
 line. Nearly all the business houses in Lincoln are built of 
 native rock, and except for the few frame structures brought 
 over from Abram, they have always been. 
 
 We get the early beginnings of Lincoln in the county seat 
 fight, so it is not necessary to dwell on it here. The town was 
 plotted May [\ 1871, and included the northwest quarter sec- 
 tion 6, town 12, range 7. The town company were W. L. Gill- 
 more, D. W. Henderson, J. S. Strange, Washington Smith, Thom- 
 as Boyle, S. M. Babellette, and James Askey. 
 
 Judge Prescott ordered a city election which resulted as fol 
 lows: Mayor, Geo. M. Lutes; police judge, Mortimer Gragg; 
 clerk, Lon A. Minx; councilmen, D. E. Coolbaugh, Geo. Green, 
 Luther Stewart, H. Holcomb, Jos. K. Cheney. 
 
 September 23, 1879, Lincoln became a city of the third class. 
 So much of the history of Lncoln Center has been given under 
 special articles that there is not much left to say here. Being 
 the county seat it was the scene of many remarkable and ex- 
 citing incidents during the days when it was customary to 
 make strenuous remarks and punctuate them with bullets. 
 Some of these incidents might prove interesting if told. 
 
 But there is another side to the picture and another spirit 
 which stood in sharp contrast to lawlessness. Lincoln from the 
 very first was a hot-bod of progress and reform. Never was 
 
History of Lincoln County 6'' 
 
 liquor legally sold in the town except in the year 1879. The 
 State-wide suffrage campaign which had lain dormant after the 
 defeat of 1876 was renewed by Lincoln women. Some of the 
 most earnest and successful exponents of new reformatory 
 measures, in politics, religion, and social life, have been Lin- 
 coln people. 
 
 It is evident from the outcome, most people were of the right, 
 sort, so it is hardly worth while to elaborate on the sneak-thief, 
 cowardly acts of a few adventurers when there was real work 
 being done. 
 
 There is a list of the business people in Lincoln in 1879 which 
 we wish to mention in passing: H. Holcomb and E. B. Bishop, 
 hardware; C. W. Perkins, grocer; Mr. Z. Burton, drugs; Frank 
 Cogswell, M. D. ; .J. P. Cunnings and G. M. Lutes, partners in 
 banking business; E. S. Pierce, furniture and undertaking; Hay- 
 den & Greer, tin and hardware; Joseph Cheney, harness and 
 saddles; M. M. George, harness and saddles; Otto Olson, shoe- 
 maker; Luther Stewart, merchandise; Mrs. L. Stewart, mil- 
 linery; R. H. Thompson, restaurant; Legett Bros., grocers. The 
 early postmasters were, in their order, John S. Strange, Dr. Bal- 
 lard, D. W. Henderson, J. M. Wellman, editor of the Register, 
 and J. Z. Springer. There was a joint stock company formed 
 in Lincoln in ISSl to tunnel the Saline River south of town. 
 At another time bonds amounting to $3,000 were carried by a 
 vote of sixty-one to six, to be used in prospecting for valuable 
 minerals under the auspices of the Lincoln Mining and Pros- 
 pecting Company. 
 
 The town had a slow growth until the College was built and 
 the railroad came through. Then new buildings sprung up like 
 mushrooms in a single night. From March to May one hundred 
 twenty-five buildings were erected. During the year (1886) Lin- 
 coln doubled in population and trebled in wealth on account of 
 these two new institutions 
 
 Some time in the eighties a library was founded by the Lin- 
 coln women. They went on from year to year building it up, aided 
 only by the dog-tax generously donated by the city dads. Until 
 the year 1897 it was owned by stockholders but at that time the 
 books together with all property belonging to the association 
 was given to the city. In 1899 it was made a public city library. 
 January 1, 1908, there were 1,407 volumes in the library. The 
 recently added books bring the total up to 1,526 volumes. 
 
«8 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA STORE 
 
 rPENING THE BE5T s^ EVERYTHING" 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA STORE. 
 
 The Pennsylvania store was established in Lincoln by Jas. 
 K. Logan and John V.. Patton, of Indiana, Pennsylvania, and 
 named by them in honor of their native State. The store was 
 first opened for business on the 29th day of March, 1886, in the 
 Swinburn block, the room now occupied by the Lincoln Fire 
 Deparment. This room soon becoming too small, the stock was 
 moved in January, 1887, to the room now occpied by the Skan- 
 dia Furniture Company. Mr. Logan acquired Mr. Pattoi'i's inter- 
 est in July, 1888, after which he added several departments, 
 including men's clothing. 
 
 Several men, now in business for themselves in Lincoln 
 County, have been connected with the store in capacity of 
 salesmen at different itmes, among them Dan B. Day, H. D. 
 Hall, and Harry U. Porter, the latter having been with Mr. 
 Logan for nearly fifteen yeais, and is still connected with the 
 store as part owner and manager. 
 
 A great many amusing things have happened in this store, 
 a great many of which Dan Day was mixed up in. One of 
 these being a supper given in the store on the evening of July 
 4, 1891. There was an extraordinary large crowd in town and 
 a hard rainstorm coming up about the time people were ready 
 to start home, had swolen (he waterways to the extent that they 
 were impassable. J)an conceived he idea and soon had two 
 long counters the full length of the store filled with biead and 
 
History of Lincoln County 69 
 
 butter, cheese, crackers, pickles, hot coffiee, etc. As »oon as 
 the crowd had surround(>d tlie tables Dan went to the gun store, 
 and, taking out a couple of Colt's six shooters, and mounting 
 a stool with one in each hand, he informed the crowd that he 
 did not care to hear any slighting remarks concerning «ny part 
 of the spread or he would be obliged to call the offt-nder to 
 account. It is needless to say that every remark was very 
 complementary. 
 
 Mr. Logan was a Bryan elector in 1896 and always took an 
 active interest in anything that was "For Lincoln." H\! moved 
 the store to its present location in July, 1901, and alter sell- 
 ing the stock to Porter & Sons in June, 1904, he removed to 
 Kansas City, Mo., whe:e he still lives, being engager in the 
 wholesale notion business. 
 
 The picture here shown is of the store In Its prestnt loca- 
 tion, having afrontage of twenty-five feet on Lincoln Avenue 
 and sixty feet on Fourth street. The furniture and fixtures 
 are all finished in very light oak, Including the show-windows, 
 which are all enclosed and electric lighted, making them the 
 finest windows in the city. 
 
 The departments, or lines of goods carried, embrace general 
 dry goods, ladies' ready-to-wear, ladies' furnishings, hats, gents' 
 furnishings, and groceries. The motto of the store, "the Best 
 of Fverything," aptly represents the character of merchandise 
 handled, and it has been said that this store has more "satis- 
 tied customers ' than any store In Lincoln County. This is 
 probably largely due to the fact that it Is the only store in the 
 county that has always Insisted that "Every man's dolI&.r Is the 
 same size," in other words, to have only one price- -that In 
 plain figures, and RlCxHT. It has taken considerable uerve at 
 times to maintain this idea in the face of pressure fov a con- 
 cession — not of price alone, but principle, but the management 
 has never weakened and have a good business and tfie con- 
 fidence of the community as their reward. 
 
 The twenty-two years since Its establishment has setn other 
 stores spring into existence, Hourish for a time and pass into 
 history, others have changed hands, sold out and left, some to 
 come back and leave again, but In the face of all this, the 
 Pennsylvania store has been making a steady gain and a sub- 
 stantial growth. 
 
 The firm consists of John E. Porter and his two sons, Harry 
 U., Fred L., and Oscar V. Stewart, a son-in-law. Thti senior 
 Mr. Porter settled on a farm on upper Spillman Creeh in Lin- 
 coln County in February, 1874, Harry being a boy of 7 years. 
 Fred was born on the same farm about three years later. 
 
70 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Boatinq on the Saline River. 
 
 THE WINDSOR HOTEL 
 
 ESTABLISHED 18 YEARS 
 
 RATES. $2.00 PER DAY. ELECTRIC LIGHTS 
 
 MRS. H, ALLEN, Proprietor- 
 
History of Lincoln Cowity 
 
 THE MASTERWORKMAN MOUNTED. 
 
 ]V. FRYE, 
 
 FEED, GRAIIN8, OIL8. 
 
 A^ent for the Masterworkman. Easiest Gas Engine 
 Mounted for Farm Uses. 
 
 G. F. Shimeall 
 
 The Clothiers 
 
 LINCOLN, - KANSAS 
 
Hintory of Lincoln County 
 
 A Matter of Interest to Those who Wish to Sell Lands or to Buy Lands. 
 
 Mr. N. J. Davidson, of Lincoln, Kansas, has secured a 
 membership, with the Cental Real Estate Dealers' As- 
 sociation, which has headijuarters at Topeka, Kansas. 
 By this membership Mr. Davidson has 1,000 Real Kstate 
 firms representing' him in diiferent parts of the United 
 States, and he is likewise representive for the same num- 
 ber. Farmes desiring to sell or buy lands should call on 
 Mr. Davidson. 
 
 THE HALL DRUG CO., 
 
 Drugs, Books, Stationery, Paints and Oils. 
 
 LARGE LINE OF TOILET ARTICLES. 
 
 '^ e - i -. '^o • th Celebrated Nyals Remedies. Every bottle Guaran- 
 teed to ffive absolute satisfaction or money refunded. 
 
 LINCOLN, KANSAS. 
 
 % Don*t neglect your most 
 ;F Important Sense 
 
 For neglect often causes diseases of the e3'e which cannot be 
 cured. S^nnptoms of eye trouble are of such diversity that a 
 thoroug^h discussion of the efiFects of e3'e strain would necessitate 
 a volume. 
 
 Eye Sight a Specialty. Full line of Electric Instruments for Defective hearing. 
 
 B. F. SPENCER, Optician. 
 
 Lincoln, Kans. 
 
 Sewing Machine Perfection 
 
 Is recognized the world over in i'HE SINGER 
 SEWING MAC H INK. For Sale by 
 
 SCANDIA FURNITURE CO. 
 
 Lincoln, Kansas 
 
 Also the Wheeler & Wilson and the White. 
 
History of Lincoln County T'i 
 
 Do You Want 
 
 To jjfet the best of everything: in the Meats, Fancy 
 and Staple Groceries. There is no better place 
 where you can gfet 
 
 Good Things to Eat 
 
 than at our store; cleanliness and jjfood (juality is 
 paramount with us. Remember the place 
 
 The Star Grocery & Meat Market. 
 
 "Good Things to Eat" 
 
 pc/SL""" ■ LINCOLN, KANSAS. 
 
 LISTEN TO THE BIG RACKET— 
 
 Combes and brushes, pocket books; pictures, wash- 
 tubs, buttonhooks; jewelry-, cut class, silverware; 
 sunbonnets, beads and puffs of hair; work baskets 
 made of Ratan; hand-painted china from Japan; col- 
 lars, cuffs, ties, dolls and toys — school supplies for 
 girls and boys; fancy yarn of every hue; hats and 
 thread and lanterns too. Christmas gfoods for all 
 our callers; ten cents up to tiftv dollars. 
 
 THE RACKET, Lincoln, Kan. 
 
 The Chicago Lumber Co., 
 
 Highest grade of building Material, American 
 Field Fence of all Sizes, Iowa Patent Gate, Building 
 Hardware. 
 
 J. D. BROCKETT, Agent 
 
 Lincoln, Kansas 
 
74 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 "Buy It Ready to Wear" 
 
 We have added to our stock a department of 
 LADIES' READY-MADE GARMENTS. Why 
 fuss around getting sewing done when you can 
 buy your 
 
 CLOTHES REAOY 
 
 TO PUT ON, 
 
 The Only One Priced Store in Lincoln County. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Store, 
 
 "The Best of Everything." LINCOLN, KANS. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 75 
 
 The above is a picture of the White elevator of Lincoln owned 
 and operated by Mr. F. W. Herman who has been in the g-rain 
 business since 1886. Mr. Herman built an elevator in Sylvan 
 Grove which he operated for several years and later sold. The 
 elevator in the picture was built by Mr. Herman ten years ago. 
 
 TELEPHONE 
 
 Mr. Herman is also the Lincoln telephone man. A number of 
 years ago he bought the telephone system from the Rees Tele- 
 phone Co., who had just put in the equipment. The business 
 started with less than sixty subscribers but now it has over six 
 hundred and is growing so fast it can't be stopped. The system 
 has country lines all over the county and connects with all other 
 lines. 
 
 The Saline Valley Bank 
 
 Was chartered July li-8]. Ccmmenced busitiess August 1881, 
 and has been open for business everj' da)' since, except Sundays 
 and Legal Holidays — receiving deposits, loaning money, buying 
 notes, School Dist., Township and County warrants— buying 
 and selling both Foreign and Domestic Exchange. Trying to 
 to serve its patrons courteouslj' and with fidelity; and advance 
 the interests of Lincoln Countv. 
 
76 History of Lincoln County 
 
 ITOR. 
 
 WATERMAN & 
 SMITH 
 
 ^^-^^^^^ Windmills, Pumps, 
 Tanks and Supplies 
 
 Phone 27 LINCOLN, KANSAS 
 
 C. JVl. HEATOJN 
 
 -Dealer in- 
 
 BUGGIES, WAGONS AND FARM IMPLE- 
 MENTS 
 
 Lincoln, Kansas 
 
 Hardware Stoves and Ranges, 
 
 PAINTS, WINDOW GLASS AND KODAKS 
 
 ~at~ 
 
 Lincoln. Kansas Smnh & BfOWning'S 
 
 ARCHIE HAZEN, 
 
 The Leading Tinner and Plumber. 
 LINCOLN, - KANSAS, 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 PIANOS: 
 
 77 
 
 Chickering Bros. 
 
 Baldwin 
 
 Howard 
 
 Story & Clark 
 
 Ellington 
 
 Packard 
 
 Smith & Barnes 
 
 Shuman 
 
 Williard 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Strohber 
 
 All Pianos sold on Easy Payments^ 
 get our Catalogue and Price List* 
 
 A. R. HALL, 
 
 Lincoln, Kansas. 
 
 Both Phones 486 
 
 Bell Night Phones 470, 1065 
 
78 History of i^.ncoln County 
 
 Farmers National Bank 
 
 LINCOLN, KANSAS. 
 
 E. T. Skinner, President 
 
 W. B. McBride, Vice President 
 D. C. Stelson, Cashier 
 
 Bernice Mc Curdy, Asst. Cashier. 
 
 We do a strictly Banking Business and ask for 
 a share of your patronage. 
 
Histofy of Lincoln County 
 
 7D 
 
 Sylvan Grove 
 
 One of the things which this little city has to be proud of, is 
 her annual carnival and fair. Live stock and farm produce are 
 shown and a three-days' good time is enjoyed by the people of 
 the surrounding country. There is always a large showing of 
 thoroughbred stock of all kinds which would do credit to any 
 county fair in Kansas. The following is a brief hii^tory of 
 Sylvan. 
 
 The first settlers to come into this neighborhood were Louis 
 Farley and son Hutchison about 1867. The Farley homestead 
 was called Twin Groves. It is now owned by Charles Whittey. 
 
 The Buzicks, who came in 1870, were the next family to move 
 in. They have always been prominent in the county. Ira 
 Buzick was the first representative to be elected from Lincoln 
 County. W. C. Buzick has been county clerk and editor of a 
 Lincoln paper. A. R. Buzick, who is at present a resident of 
 Sylvan Grove, is one of the wealthiest men in the county. C. 
 :\I. Heaton and the Meyers boys came in 1871. 
 
 A postoffice was established at an early date which was called 
 
 The Sylvan Grove Mill. 
 
so History of Lincoln Cou7dy 
 
 Sylvan Grove. The name -was suggested by William Buzick. C. 
 M. Heaton was postmaster, and the office was at his home two 
 miles south of the present Sylvan Grove until about the year 
 1877, when it was moved to the home of H. S. Merriman near 
 where the town now stands. About this time E. B. Cross and 
 W. F. Morgan built a small store. The next year Merriman 
 put up a stone building into which tJie goods were moved. 
 When the railroad come through the business was sold to Berger 
 Bros. & Wilson. Later an interest was bought by Schemerhorn 
 & Co. This was the only store before the coming of the rail- 
 roads, and people came thirty miles to do their shopping and 
 to get their grain ground at the mill, which had been built by 
 Merriman & Mesterson in 1875. The mill went dowii in the 
 flood of 1886. 'the old stone store is still standing. 
 
 The town was platted in 1887 by the Sylvan Grove Town Com- 
 pany. The land belonged to Wm. Bender and H. S. Merriman. 
 A new store was built by .John Hoover. Sylvan has had a 
 steady growth ever since, and has been especially prosperous 
 during the last three years. 
 
 There is an excellent telephone system owned by resident 
 stockholders, three elevators, two large lumbers yards, and 
 about forty other flourishing business houses in Sylvan Grove. 
 
 Bi 
 
 Old Stone Store at Sylvan. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 81 
 
 The Sylvan State Bank, 
 
 SYLVAN GROVE, KANSAS. 
 Capital and Surplus, - $30,000 
 
 A Bank that during the sixteen years 
 of its existence has ahvays heen in 
 postion to care for all legitimate needs 
 of its customers, extending every ac- 
 commodation consistent with con- 
 servative, safe hanking. 
 
 We solicit the accounts of farmers, 
 treasurers, merchants, business men 
 or any one wishing to become con- 
 nected with a good, strong bank. 
 
 Total resources $225,000; Individual 
 responsibility of Stockholders over half mill- 
 ion dollars. 
 
 A. R. BUZICK, H. S. BUZICK, Jr., 
 
 President. Cashier. 
 
82 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Calene & Berger 
 
 -DEALERS IN- 
 
 Dry Goods, Ladies^ Furnishing 
 Goods, Notions, Clothing, Hats 
 and Caps, Shoes, Queenswares, 
 Groceries* 
 
 SYLVAN GROVE, - KANSAS, 
 
History of Lincoln County 83 
 
 Barnard 
 
 The Barnard territory, namely Sail Creek and ScoU Town- 
 ships, was settled by cattlemen about 1868. In 1880 the lands 
 were opened by the government to settlers. Houston & Son, of 
 Concordia, acted as agents. These were the days of sod shan- 
 ties, dugouts and lonesome bachelors, poor and homesick. 
 
 The Barnard Bee gives a history of the town and we quote 
 verbatim from that paper as it is hard to change history, and 
 our write-ups would have to be the same at all events: 
 
 "In the spring of 1887, when what Is now called the Barnard 
 branch of the Santa Fe v/as being graded, it was first thought 
 that a town would be started near the center of Salt Creek 
 Township, as that township voted bonds and this one did not. 
 No one thought for a minute that the road would plant a depot 
 just across the line in Scott, a bondless township. So those in- 
 terested located the probable site for the new town on the land 
 where the late Dan Saunders farm is located, in Salt Creek 
 Township, about three and one-half miles east and one south 
 of the present site of Barnard. 
 
 "The Baker Bros, came over from Asherville and started a 
 lumber yard just across the road from the Saunders residence. 
 W. D. Snapp and G. A. King were engaged to build an office 
 for the company. A man named Ross Wilcox was the lumber 
 company's manager. 
 
 "But the railroad people had other views, and it became evi- 
 dent that their depot would be located in Scott Township. Im- 
 mediately two townsites were plotted, one on the west edge of 
 Salt Creek Township, the other just across the township line 
 in Scott Township. 
 
 "The town plat in Salt Creek Township was on land belong- 
 ing to Mrs. Kate Nealeigh; the one in Scott Township on land 
 belonging to A. A. Ballard. 
 
 "An interesting rivalry sprung up between the promoters of 
 the two townsites, and the township line dividing them was 
 soon dubbed the neutral strip. The Nealeigh site was faceti- 
 ously styled "Slabtown." In this article we will distinguish be- 
 tween the two i)laces by using the terms now in general use — 
 
■84 History of Lincoln County 
 
 East Barnard referring to the Nealeigh site, and Barnard, mean- 
 ing the Ballard site. 
 
 "The first business enterprise secured by either of the two 
 rival sites was the Baker Bros, lumber yard, which wau moved 
 from the Saunders place to Barnard on its present site. 
 
 "The first general store was opened in East Barnard by W. 
 D. Snapp and his son-in-law, Marion Loy. Lew and Lee Morse 
 had been running a store in Old Milo, two and one-half miles 
 northeast of Barnard. Marion Loy and Geo. Snapp bought 
 out the Morse boys at Old Milo when they found there would 
 be no town started on the Saunders place. Five months later 
 (summer of 1SS7) W. D. Snapp bought out his son George in 
 the store at Old Milo and he and Marion Loy moved the stock of 
 goods to East Barnard where Geo. Saine's house now stands. 
 In a short time W. D. Snapp sold out to Lee Morse, and event- 
 ually Mr. Loy retired, which once more left the Morse boys in 
 possession of the business. They failed in business soon after. 
 
 "The first residence built in East Barnard was the one now 
 occupied by S. A. Duree, and was built by W. D. Snapp. 
 
 "The first building built in Barnard was the one now occu- 
 pied by Geo. Hiserote and family. It was built by Mr. Snapp 
 as a residence for Ross Wilcox, manager of the lumoer com- 
 pany. 
 
 "In the summer and fall of 1887 East Barnard seemed to hold 
 the edge over its neighbor across the way. Buildings were 
 moved in from Old Milo and some new ones were put up. A 
 man by the name of Gleason opened a general store; a livery 
 stable was also started, operated by John Clark and hi,5 father. 
 
 "David Metzgar ran first store in Barnard; kept a small stock 
 of flour and feed in building now occupied by J. J. Preo's barber 
 shop. The building then stood about where E. V. Wine's resi- 
 dence is located. Doc Ballard opened up a small stock of 
 groceries in the building now occupied by W. F. Burns and 
 f£.mily. Barnard's first postoffice was established in the Ballard 
 store, a man with the unusual name of Smith being the first 
 postmaster. 
 
 "Wm. Gill, father of Mell Gill, built the corner store now 
 occupied by C. Coffman. For a while he ran a restaurant and 
 boarded the men who were building the railroad. He later put 
 in a large stock of groceries and general merchandise. This 
 Tvas the first stock of goods of any importance that was put on 
 sale in the new town. Wm. Gill is now located in Holly, Colo., 
 and is still engaged in the same line of business. 
 
 "A man named Jim Hoffman built and operated (he first hotel, 
 the one now known as the Barnard hotel. 
 
History of Lincoln Coiudy 
 
 85 
 
 "J. T. Crowl built one of the first residences and still lives 
 in the same building. Mr. Crowl's house and the hotel were 
 built at about the same time, and by the same crew of men. 
 
 "All this time the railroad graders were hurrying toward 
 Barnard as fast as they could, and on or about the fourth day 
 of December, 1887, the track was completed. On January 15^ 
 1888, the road was turned over to the operating department, 
 and it is presumed that regular train service went into effect 
 that day. 
 
 "But the Barnard of to-day is a busy, bustling reality, and 
 once again we invite you to come and visit our little city, loolc 
 over the beautiful, prolific Salt Creek Valley, and if you know 
 a good thing when you see it you'll camp right here indefi- 
 nitely." 
 
 The Barnard School. 
 
^»6 History of Lincoln County 
 
 FARMERS STATE BANK 
 
 CAPITAL, - $15,000 
 
 OFFICERS 
 JAMES WILD, Pres. 
 
 FRANK COLE, Vice Pres. 
 
 J. A. LOUNSBURY, Cashier 
 
 W. S. SWANK, Asst. Cashier 
 
 DIRECTORS 
 
 H. L. HINCKLEY JOHN VENARU 
 
 JOHN JOHNSON WILLIAM WEST 
 
 ORGANIZED, 1904 
 
 The Business of Merchants and Farmers 
 Solicited. 
 
 THE FARMERS STATE BANK, 
 
 BARNARD, KANSAS. 
 
 Barnard Lumber Co. 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Lumber, Coal, Lime, Cement, 
 
 Windows, Doors, Building Paper, Mixed 
 
 Paints, White Lead, Linseed Oil, Alahastine, 
 
 Wood Water ^Kanks and Smithing Coal 
 
 Come in and have us Our motto is 
 
 figure your bills. THE GOLDEN RULE. 
 
 A. M. GRIFFETH, Manager. 
 
 The above concern is made up strictly of home people busi- 
 ness men and farmers of Barnard. They wish to thank their 
 many friends for the ^ood business they have enjoyed since 
 buj'ing out the Barker Bros. Lumber Co., in 1892. 
 
History of Lincoln County 87 
 
 J0HIN80IN BROS., 
 
 BARNARD, KAIN8A8 
 
 Dealers in 
 
 General Merchandise. 
 
 Our Motto: Honest Goods, Honest Dealini^s. 
 
 Messrs. Stephen J. and John W. Johtison of this firm were born 
 in Hawkins County, Tennessee, in the foothills of the Cumber- 
 land mountains. The3' moved with their parents to Appanoose 
 county, Iowa, in the j'ear 1868, and in the spring' of 1874 removed 
 from there to Mitchell county, Kansas, and located with their 
 parents on a homestead about twelve miles west of Barnard. They 
 started in the mercantile business in Barnard about seven years 
 ago, and have enjoyed a splendid business and made many warm 
 friends in and around town. They are well known throug-hout 
 Lincoln and Mitchell counties through their long residence in 
 both. 
 
 THE MODEL DRLG STORE, 
 
 GEO. W. HOLLAND, Proprietor. 
 
 Pure Drugs and Medicines 
 
 Toilet Articles, Wall Paper and Paint. 
 
 Barnard, - - Kansas. 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK 
 
 BARNARD, KANSAS 
 
 Capital, $25,000 Surplus, $12,500. 
 
 M. S. ATWOOD, Pres. 
 
 J. W. BKIDENSTINE, Vice Pres. 
 F. F. BRACKEN. Cashier, 
 
 M. I. STAUFFEN, Asst. Cashier. 
 
88 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Beverly 
 
 Beverly is the successor and sole heir of the promising burg 
 (in embryo) of Colorado, which gracefully gave up the ghost 
 in 18S6. The postoffice was moved in this year, and the town 
 plotted. The land belonged to Volany Ball. The railroad came 
 through about this time, and stores began to be built. 
 
 D. R. Kernohan, who built the first general merchandise es- 
 tablishment, was succeeded by his son and daughter, who are 
 still in business. A hotel was built and run by Mr. Tussel. 
 The hardware store was owned by Welsh Bros. 
 
 C. M. Adamson, who was a doctor and was postmaster at 
 Colorado, kept a drug store in Beverly in the same building with 
 the postoftice. 
 
 The first people to settle on or near the site of Beverly was 
 the Colorado boys, in the bend of the river. They have al- 
 ready been mentioned in the county write-up. Anyway, they 
 baffle description, so we will pass on. The next settlers were 
 Smiths and Greens. Mrs. Skinner taught the first school which 
 has been mentioned in the "School History." The next school 
 near this place was taught in a dugout by Mattie Seger. 
 
 In 1905 the town was organized as a city of the third class. 
 It is protected by a council of five wise men, and a big chief, 
 whose name is T. F. Webb, Sr. Things have always run so 
 smoothly in Beverly that there has never Deen a dog light, 
 much less a town row, or a killin'. So it is up to the big chief 
 to furni-^h enough excitement to keep the people from getting 
 too fat. Accordingly he went out one day and shot a rabbit. The 
 council had the day before passed an ordinance against shoot- 
 ing' and the chief was fined $1.00. A little later he went out on 
 the streets and hit a man. This cost him $5.00. His salary is 
 $12.00 per year, but he was public spirited enough to return 
 one-half of it to the treasury in lines. 
 
 Some of the early settlers are still here. Dick Clark, alias 
 R. B. Clark, the only one of the Colorado boys still living, 
 Chalzmerz Smith and J. J. Peate, two of Forsythe's scouts; and 
 Waldo Hancock, a protege of the Colorado boys. 
 
 We know a little story about Jack Peate, and take this oppor- 
 tunity to tell it. He came to Kansas at the tender age of 
 sixteen. He was with a companion. When they got to the end 
 of the railroad they bought a horse apiece, and started out to 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 80 
 
 ride across (he country. In the vicinity of Cawker City, they 
 were surprised and captured by a band of Indians, dog soldieis 
 probably, because Roman Nose was the leader. They were not 
 killed on the spot, as the band was taking a circuitous route 
 to their camp up the Solomon. The captives looked forward 
 with pleasure to the honor of being tortured to death at the 
 camp of this famous Roman Nose. But when they came near 
 the bluff of Wacoanda they ran into a party of buffalo hunters. 
 The captives escaped and went on their way rejoicing. They 
 came down to Saline Valley and met some of the Colorado boys 
 chasing some government mules and a beautiful little pony. 
 Now this being Jack Peate's first experience on horseback he 
 did not know how to capture a pony, though his intentions were 
 good enough. So when his horse made a quick, vigorous turn, 
 Mr. Peate went skyward. He landed near the town site of 
 Beverly and has made it his headquarters ever since. 
 
 Then there is the Skinner family who were early settlers, and 
 are still one of the most prominent families in the community, 
 and own a large amount of property in and about Beverly, ill. 
 T. Skinner is our present legislator. He has shown great inter- 
 est in preserving historical landmarks. 
 
 One of the Rude Dwellings of Our Forefathers. 
 
IK) 
 
 History of Lincoln Coiitity 
 
 The Beverly State Bank, 
 
 BEVERLY, - KANSAS. 
 
 J. J. PKATK, Pres. 
 
 A. K. SKINNP:R, Vice Pres. 
 K. T. SKINNER, Cashier 
 
 A. K. SKINNKR, Asst. Cashier 
 
 A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS. 
 
 We take Good Care of Money Deposited with Us 
 
 WE CARRY BURGLAR INSURANCE. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 ■)1 
 
 Waldo Hancock 
 
 has a large 
 list of 
 
 Real Property 
 
 For Sale 
 
 Near Beverly, Ks. 
 
 Ask him for prices 
 before bu3'ing-, for he 
 will try and save you 
 nionej', and will g"uar- 
 antee a perfect title. 
 
 Four of the Best Fire 
 Tornado and Hail In- 
 surance Companies car- 
 ried, with rates the low- 
 est. 
 
 A Matter of Interest to Tliose Wlio Wisli to Sell or Buy Lands, 
 
 Mr. Waldo Hancock, of Beverl}-, Kansas, has secured a mem- 
 bership with the Central Real Estate Dealers Association » 
 which has headquartere at Topeka, Kansas. By this member- 
 ship Mr. Hancock has 1,000 Real Estate Firms representing him 
 in different parts of the United States, and he is likewise repre- 
 sentative for the same number. Farmers desiring to sell or buj' 
 lands should call on Mr. Hancock. 
 
 ]. E* Gall Commission Co^ 
 
 Receivers and Shippers of Grain, Seeds and Feeds 
 Buyers and Sellers of R. R. Stocks and Grains on margin. 
 
 no West Sixth St. 
 
 If you've got it it, we want it 
 If you want it, we've got it 
 
 Topeka, Kansas 
 
i>2 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Vesper 
 
 Settlement was begun in Vesper territory in 1869. It is a 
 tradition that a battle occurred in 1868, at Lone Rock three 
 miles south of Vesper between the Indians and some railroad 
 employees, but it is impossible to find anyone who knew the 
 particulars of the matter. 
 
 When the settlement was once started the country filled up 
 rapidly, and by 1872 all the government land was taken. \Vm. 
 B. Cheney was the llrst settler. The Middlekauff family was 
 the second, and they came when there was only one house be- 
 tween Lincoln and Vesper. Other settlers were A. W. Lewis, H. 
 S. Steele, Mr. Schofield, Troup Hickey, John Tool, Wm. Baird. 
 Mr. Schofield's place was the objective point of all newcomers 
 upon first reaching this part of the country. The first school 
 was taught at H. S. Steele's. The Vesper postoffice was es- 
 tablished in 1873 and moved around over the neighborhood 
 for some years. It was first kept at H. S. Steele's farmhouse 
 on section 10, Vesper Township, then in turn at the homes of 
 the following people: Robert Lewis, John Stein, J. P. Harmon, 
 Mrs. Robt. Lewis, whose husband had died in the meantime. 
 While Mrs. Lewis was postmistress the railroad came through 
 and the postoffice moved down near the station. A man by the 
 name of Shoemaker kept the first shoe store. His building was 
 burned later. :Mr. Baird, who is a carpenter and architect, built 
 the first wagon ever made in the county in 1873 for Martin 
 Hendrichson. He also built the first windmill for a Mr. Davis. 
 Simon Bough built a store building and kept a stock of mer- 
 chandise. He sold out to George Elrbd, who built an addition ta 
 it. Miss Lillie White bought out Elrod. Middlekauff & Gilpin 
 bought out Miss White, and put up the building now occupied 
 by Wick & Jepsen. This firm also built a hardware store. Wick 
 bought out the merchandise part of the business. Thos. Gar- 
 rity, who had been running a drug store, sold out, built a stone 
 building, bought the stock of hardware. Wick took Mr. Jep-- 
 sen into partnership and about the same time Porter & Sons 
 put a stock of merchandise in the old Bough building. John 
 Murphy, who bought out Porter & Sons, has gone out of busi- 
 ness. Thos. Garrity sold out early in 1908 to Mauris Cromwell. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 93 
 
 Vesper now has a lumber yard, a blacksmith shop, a hotel, a 
 restaurant, and a meat market, a hardwarfe store and general 
 store and three ttourishlng elevators. Pictures of two of them 
 are given below. 
 
 There are two churches. Catholic and Presbyterian. The 
 latter was built by a popular subscription, and is used by all 
 denominations. 
 
 The Farmers Elevator, at Vesper, Lincoln Co., Kans. 
 
 CThe above is a view of the Farmers' Elevator at Vesper, 
 the largest in the count)', (32000 bu. capacity. ) The)' handle 
 all kinds of grain. 
 
 COver one hundred stockholders. Organized in 1003. 
 
 J. A. Twibell, Pres. L. P. Larsen, Sec'y- G. A. Metzger, Mgr. 
 
 0in-opSweep Feed 
 VBU Grinder. 
 
 $14 
 
 00 GaWanized 
 Steel Wind Mill. 
 We manufacture aU sizes 
 styles. It Willi 
 pay you to in- 
 ^ veatlg:ate. Write ' 
 
 [cuopirjomoolf or catalog and / 
 price list. 
 
 CURRIE WIND MILL CO., 
 
 Seventh St,, Topeka, Kansas 
 
H4 History of Lincoln County 
 
 VESPER STATE BANK 
 
 Capital Stock $10,000 Surplus $2,000 
 
 W. B. M1DDI.EKAUFF, Pres. A. F. Morgenson, Cashier 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 
 H. P. Jensen C. C. Nelson 
 
 A. V. Broberg- W. H. Cheney 
 
 C. H. Peckham 
 
 Our Motto: Absolute .safety' to our Depositors. 
 Our Policy is to insure our own stability and promote the 
 highest interest of the community by confininir our business to 
 this immediate vicinit3'. 
 
 CThe following is some of the apparatus in our well equipped 
 blacksmith shop:- Trip Hammer, Drill Machine, Three Emery 
 Wheels, Rip Saw, Band Saw. Two Forges with Blowers, Two 
 Tire Shrinkers, Tire Bender, Tire Bolter, Shears which will cut 
 iron bar 3x4 in., Tool Grinder, Eight Horse Power Engine. 
 We Are Equipped to Do Your Work. 
 
 Jensen & Guggesberg. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 95 
 
 LEIDIGH & HAVENS LUMBER YARD, Vesper. Kans. 
 
 We want your business. House bills our specialty. None too 
 larg^e or too small. < )ur stock includes (^oal. American F^ence. 
 and Sherwin-Williams" Paints. LEX L. MORGAN, Manager 
 
 S. D. BRUMAUGHS ELEVATOR, Vesper, Kans. 
 
 This Elevator was rebuilt from the Herman I>ros. buildinij^, the 
 first Elevator in Vesper. Established in 1896. Mr. Brumbaugh 
 is handling his share of the million and a half bushels of wheat 
 raised in Eincoln Countj' this 3'ear. 
 
96 History of Lincoln Cou7$ty 
 
 Denmark 
 
 One of the most important communities in I^incoln County 
 history is the settlement of Danes on the Spillman. The first 
 entry in this settlement was made on the southeast quarter of 
 section 23 by Lorenzt Christensen in February, 1869. His broth- 
 er homesteaded beside him at the same time. Eskild Lawritzen 
 and wife Stine, Otto Peterson, John Maihoff, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Wiclael all came during the winter and lived near each other. 
 Of course, they faced many hardships, especially those incident 
 to pioneering in the winter. One instance of these must suffice. 
 
 One cold day in February Lorenzt Christiansen, while hueing 
 logs for a dugout, some distance from any house, had the mis- 
 fortune to cut his foot very severely with the axe. He was 
 obliged to lay in the open without attention all day before help 
 could arrive. His nephew, who was with him, kept up a fire. In 
 the evening he was rescued by John S. Strange. 
 
 In the Indian raid which occurred the next May, all the Danes 
 but Peter and Lorenzt Christiansen and their families were 
 killed or captured. These two men fought the Indians all day, 
 and at night made their way with their families, to Schemer- 
 horn's ranch. From there they went to Fort Harker, and later 
 to Junction City, where they remained until January 1, 1871. 
 
 When they returned they brought with them from Junction 
 City John Larsen, N. Nielson, A. Rasmussen. The next April 
 the ranks of Danish colonists were further swelled by James 
 Morgeson, Peter Nielson, Peter Anderson, August Hansen, C. 
 Bunk, C. Anderson, Mons Swenson, Olaf Holnberg, Ole Peterson, 
 Peter Andreson, and Nels Peterson. All these people lived 
 long, and were prosperous except Cris Anderson, who was killed 
 in a runaway. Those who still remain at Denmarlv own beauti- 
 ful and valuable homes. It took a long time in those days to 
 subdue the wilderness and make it bloom as a rose and the pres- 
 ent generation whose way is made easier in consequence can 
 not be too grateful. 
 
 The first school, a log building, was erected in 1875. C. L. 
 Jensen was the fii'st postmaster and storekeeper in the settle- 
 ment, and his location was next to the present school house 
 site north of the road. Lorenzt Christiansen operated the first 
 
History of Lincoln Cou7ity 97 
 
 blacksmith shop and did work for a very large scope of coun- 
 try. 
 
 Later settlers in the Danish colony were H. L. Hansen, L. P. 
 Jensen, Henry Errebo, A. P. Jensen, C. Jensen, H. P. Bernhardt, 
 C. Bernhardt, John Bernhardt, Christian Hendrickson, Mrs. 
 Christiansen, Mattsen, and two Krieser families. 
 
 There was one Indian killing which occurred in Denmark 
 neighborhood, which has not yet been recorded in history. 
 Lorenzt Jonhson, which is the American name of Lorenzt Chris- 
 tiansen (his father's name being Chris Johnson), saw some 
 Indians on the Spillman (date uncertain) and noticed that one 
 of them wore a pair of red-topped boots. He recognized the 
 boots as those formerly worn by a friend and shot the Indian 
 wearing them. The body was buried on a promitory near by. 
 
 School History 
 
 The horizon of intellectual progress in any community can be 
 guaged by its educational system and the interest shown in edu- 
 cation by the people generally. A history of Lincoln County not, 
 containing an account of its institutions of learning would, 
 therefore, be misleading, as we have dealt to some length with 
 the other side of the picture. We are fortunate in securing an 
 article from Mr. A. T. Biggs whom every one will recognize as 
 an authority on this subject. Believing our readers will enjoy 
 this article better than anything the historian might write, it 
 is given here with a few additions: 
 
 "Settled as Lincoln County was by pushing Western people, 
 along with Irish and Scandinavians, it is not strange that edu- 
 cation occupied their ftrst thoughts. As early as 1867 or 18C8, 
 while still keeping an eye open for Indians, Mrs. Skinner gath- 
 ered her own children, Everton, Alfred, and Bing, and two Zieg- 
 ler boys, Lli and Frank, into her dugout and taught them 'with- 
 out money and without price.' She afterwards taught district 
 school. In 18(38 ]\Iarion Ivy, one of Forsyth's famous scouts, 
 taught a school in a dugout in Uncle Mart Hendrickson's door- 
 yard. 
 
 "John Lyden, a bright, intelligent Irishman, who was mur» 
 dered and thrown into a well four years later, was appointed 
 tJuperintendent of Public Instruction, on the organization of the 
 •county. At the election in 1S71 John Harshbarger was elected 
 
History of Lincoln Cou^tty 
 
 superintendent, but refused to quality. Washington Smltti, a 
 scholarly old gentleman, served till the election of 1872, being 
 succeeded in 1874 by John F. Harmon. In 1876 A. T. Biggs was 
 elected, and served six years. He was followed in 1882 by H. 
 B. Harris, who served two years. In 1884 James H. Allsworth 
 was elected, and served four years, being succeeded In 1888 by 
 A. T. Biggs, who served till 1892. Horace Trueman, E. D. 
 Smith, W. E. Lyon, and A. J. Stanley, the present incumbent, 
 each served four years. The leading characteristic of each 
 superintendent might be summed up in a single word. Washing 
 ton Smith, oldest, Wright, handsomest, Harmon, tinest presence, 
 Briggs, busiest, Harris, strictest, Allsworth, laziest, Trueman, 
 
 The Wait School House. 
 
 jolliest. Smith, most dignified lyvon, most scholarly, aud Stan- 
 ley most forceful. IJrains and energy pervaded the office of 
 superintendent for many years, until to-day the county stands 
 without a peer. 
 
 liut after all It Is to the noble band of teachers, male and fe- 
 male, (particularly the latter) to which we owe the efficiency 
 of our schools. For the last sixteen years every Superin- 
 tendent has received the bulls of his training in the schools of 
 the County. That there have b^^en some "school keepers" in 
 the great body of teachers cannot be denied, but the great 
 mass have been conscientious God-fearing men and women. A 
 personal mention of all the worthy ones would be impossible 
 
History of Lincoln County 9^ 
 
 but this history would be Incoraplete without the names of a 
 few of the principal aciors. 
 
 No one who knows the early history of the County will deny 
 to Mrs. Anna C. Wait the honor of being dean of the faculty. 
 Her influence more than that of any other person has shaped 
 the course of educational thought. She taught the first school 
 in Lincoln in the little old house next to the City Hotel. This 
 little building 10 feet by 2'A feet was kitchen, dining room, bed- 
 room and parlor, as well as Captain Wait's law office, but by 
 some sort of magic it was made to contain a school of thirty 
 pupils. 
 
 This was in 1S72, and there are middle aged men and wo- 
 men in L,incoln today who were pupils in this school and who 
 insist to this day that it was the "best ever." She taught many 
 years in Lincoln as well as in Vesper, Lost Creek, Rocky Hill, 
 and No. 63. Her influence in teacher's meetings, institutes and 
 on examining boads was preeminent. It was she and Captain 
 Wait who brought about the organization of the Normal Insti- 
 tute in 1S77 when there were only twenty-three "de-fact" teach- 
 ers to attend. Without a paid enrollment of fifty no sate aid 
 could be had, so by ('aptain Wait's advice the business men 
 were enrolled. 
 
 Teaching seemed to run in families. There was the whole 
 family of Skinners, Bing, Fred, Bert, Norah, and Calvin (Vinney). 
 They were educated in the Monroe School where Mrs. Skinner 
 taught in 1!^70. and which maintained its preeminence as the 
 Hub, educationally. 
 
 The Bakers, Florence, Flla, Ina, Lena, Meta, Edgar, and Eli, 
 all taught acceptably and their father, Congressman Barker, 
 himself a college graduate taught one term in Sunnnyside. 
 
 The Smith family, Mrs. S. S. the mother, E. D., H. C, and 
 Mabel, left a large impression for good in Lincoln County. 
 
 It was said by one who ought to know that Anna C. Wait, 
 Hannah McCorkle and Susan Smith were the "first three," 
 Mabel Smith was the champion maker of bricks without straw,, 
 supplying the lack of apparatus by home made contrivances. 
 The work of E. D. and H. C. Smith was good but no better than 
 that of the mother and sister. The Stanley family, Dan, Nora, 
 Sadie, Art, and Eunice all taught acceptably, but it has re- 
 mained for Arthur to add lustre to the family name as well as. 
 to Lincoln County. For Lincoln is known as one of the lead- 
 ing counties in educational advancement owing to the pre- 
 eminence of her superintendent in the work of School Law re- 
 vision, and the more intelligent and practical study of agricul-" 
 ture in the schools. 
 
iOO 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Among the early teachers were John Stubbs, George Page, 
 Viola LJoutman, H. Hammer, ("allie Scott, lia \V. Russell, 
 Charley Price, William L. Barr. John O. Wilson, now a promi- 
 nent lawyer ot Salina, Sarah A. Cole a leading physician and 
 tiead of the Sanitarium at Lincoln. Laura Page Peate, wife of 
 J. J. Peate, of Beverly, W. T. Prescoll, who secured a certificate 
 and his wife taught the first school in District No. 2?,, F. V. 
 BYans taught the second. Probably Hannah Mary Moss for 
 so many years in charge ot the primary department of the Lin- 
 coln schools, started as many children right in her twenty- 
 five years of experience as any other person. 
 
 A. A. Songer who has taught acceptably some twenty years 
 in Lincoln ('ounty, and fifteen more in other places is a man 
 who understands the se- 
 cret of success in his 
 profession. For the past 
 five years he has been 
 on the examining board, 
 where he has acquitted 
 himself with great credit. 
 in point of service he is 
 -one of the "oldest" teach- 
 ers in the County, and 
 his characteristic zeal 
 -and energy increases 
 with each year. His work 
 in any given branch has 
 always been complete 
 and thorough. He is now 
 willing and abundantly 
 competent to be probate 
 judge. In fact he is ex- 
 -tremely well equipped for 
 the duties of this office. 
 John A. Schofield who 
 taught long and success- 
 :rully was a man of deep convlclions, and strong prejudices. Few 
 persons carried into their work a quicker, finer conscience. His 
 iOnly fault was a peppery temper. Hut being a very blonde- 
 blonde he could not help being "red-licaded." He is now clerk 
 of Dewey County, Ukla. 
 
 Probably the youngest teacher that ever taught in Lincoln 
 or any other (.Jounty was Carrie Matson, now Professor of Latin 
 in Kansas University. About 1880 teachers were scarce, and 
 Carrie who was thirteen but looked any age from eighteen to 
 
History of Lincoln CouKty 101 
 
 twenty-five, was siiaiited a eeititicate and taught successftilly 
 at llocky Point. At ir'otleisburg lier success was repeated but 
 it leaked out that slie was under age and the superintendent 
 got the roast thai was coming to him. A quarter of a century 
 of successful work has justified the judgment of the examin- 
 ing board. 
 
 The oldest person who ever taught in the County was Mr. 
 Brown from Ot'avva County, who taught in Uistirct No. 54, Elm 
 Creek, in the early '9l)'s. 
 
 .lames Dengate who taught in the schools of the County for 
 a quarter of a century and was in active demand. He was a 
 Ijundle of live wires and his clear megaphone tones penetrated 
 not only the unermost corner of the school room, but also tHe 
 atmosphere for a quarter of a mile. Then there was Alice 
 Reddingshaffer and Lillie Loy who spoke so low that 
 the pupils had to keep very still to hear them. All succeeded 
 equally well. 
 
 John McBride is another example of the soft voice but only 
 eternity can tell what an influence for good was in that soft 
 voice and spotless character. 
 
 The earlier schools were taught iu dugouts or vacant claim 
 shanties, without desks^ chairs, blackboards or other furniture. 
 In District 21 Laura Feate taught in Rod Wilmarth's kitchen 
 and in District 56 the first school was taught in Fouts cellar 
 and it was out and beyond better than the average. In Dis- 
 trict 22 Mrs. B. H. Ellsworth taught in the basement with eartb 
 floor and two small windows. The seats were blocks of stove- 
 wood that could not be split. Earge sheets of brown manilla 
 paper were used for blackboards and to write lessons on to 
 supplement the short supply of books. 
 
 District 34 started a school in a shanty with nothing but four 
 bare walls, an earth roof and floor and a sad apology for a door. 
 The children were ragged but bright and industrious and many 
 of them, now middle-aged and well to do people can point with 
 pride to their rise in the world. Mrs. William Nash taught the 
 school furinshing her own apparatus, a board painted with 
 lamp-black, some bits of chalk (not crayon) and four or five 
 odd books. Cornstallcs and weeds gathered by teacher and 
 pupils were burned in a cast-away stove. And yet this was only 
 thirty years ago! 
 
 "Ad Astra per Aspera.' 
 
 The Normal Institute provided by the legislature of 1877 has 
 been one of the prime factors in upbuilding the educational 
 fabric. The good results obtained are largely due to the happy 
 
102 History of j^.ncoln County 
 
 selection of the Normal Faculty, many ot the very best workers 
 of the State having been employed. 
 
 E. i^\ Robinson, Salome Fierson and Anna C. Wait were the 
 first Normal teachers. Robinson received $100.00 for his work, 
 Miss Fierson $60.00, while Mrs. Wait gave equally good service 
 free of charge. 
 
 C. T. Pickett, once principal of the Lincoln schools, con- 
 tlucted five of the earlier institutes and left the impress of 
 his genial kindly nature, an all precious legacy. At present 
 the institute has a core of instructors equal or superior to any 
 in the state. They are Mr. C. E. St. John, Mr. ('. M. Ware, 
 Inez M. Chapman, and Carrie F. Bradley." 
 
 This Is the end of Mr. Biggs' article, but the conclusion of 
 the matter is that he himself is not represented as he deserves. 
 In our educational universe he is one of the immortal gods. 
 When he left the office at the close of his six years' continuous 
 service, he could describe the location of every schoolhouse in 
 the county and he knew the names and faces of all the pupils 
 attending the schools at that time and their rank in their stud- 
 ies. He played ball, ante-over, and pull-away with them, even 
 lo the second generation, covering the sixteen years between 
 1876-1892, ten of which he filled the office of county superintend- 
 ent. From 1877 to the present (1908) the teachers of the 
 county have been largely of those boys and girls. 
 
 Do they remember and appreciate him? No Normal institute 
 is complete without him and he has missed but one since 1877. 
 He IS always drafted and compelled to come even from the ut- 
 termost parts of Kansas. Last year the Normal institute sur- 
 prised him with a gold watch in which was the inscription: 
 
 "With love, from your Lincoln County Girls and Boys." 
 
 Mr. Biggs organized most of the school districts and upon 
 his leaving the office in 188^ it was found that Lincoln County 
 stood above any in the State regards lo the per cent of 
 enumeration as to population, of enrollment as to enumeration, 
 and average attendance as to enrollment. The wages of wo- 
 men more nearly approximated thai of men than in any other 
 county. 
 
 About this lime the county had seventy-eight districts with 
 buildings valued at $19,i!;jO, and was spending about $11,000 a 
 year. There was an enrollment of 2,267 out of 2,888 people of 
 school age. At the time of Mr. Biggs' tinal retirement from 
 otlice there were eighty-tive districts employing ninety-four 
 teachers. The school population was 8,600. 
 
 As compared with the valuation of school property in 1882-iJ 
 the high school building as it stands now is worth $18,000. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 103 
 
 o> 
 
I'H History of Lincoln County 
 
 Kansas Christian College 
 
 In 1S84 the Bible Christian Church of Kansas proposed to 
 build a college. The State (Conference voted a sum ranging 
 between $6,000 and $10,000 to start the institution providing 
 the city in which it should be located would furnish a like 
 amount. There were some very enterprising citizens of Lin- 
 coln who were members of this church, and they set about to 
 secure the college for their locality. A meeting was held in the 
 Baptist Church and a committee was appointed to present res- 
 olutions to the city council. The result was that a sum of 
 |7,;'.00 was voted by Liincoln, and a committee appoitued to se- 
 cure $2, .500 by subscriptions. Those who deserve most of the 
 credit for bringing the college to Lincoln are Rev. E. Cameron, 
 at that time the resident minister of that church, and Rev. Geo. 
 Tenny, who was president of the State Conference and Board 
 of Trustees. The college had its origin in the Southern Kan- 
 sas Christian Conference. Having decided the location and se- 
 cured the pledge for money no time was lost in beginning. 
 April 21, 18X4, college was opened in the Baptist Church to pre- 
 pare students for successful work the next year. The enroll- 
 ment started at twenty-two and increased till it reached forty- 
 nine. Geo. Tenny was principal of this preparatory school, it 
 closed after several weeks of profitable work and plans were 
 perfected for the beginning of autumn term. 
 
 Thomas Bartlett, A. M., was chosen president. He and Geo. 
 Tenny taught the college classes. Courses were offered in 
 Biblical literature, higher Kngiish, ancient and modern lan- 
 guage, economics, ethics, mathematics, and the sciences. Rev. 
 E. Cameron, principal of the preparatory school, was assisted 
 by a full corps of teachers. 
 
 The cornerstone of the building was not laid until July 23, 
 1885. It was occupied in 1886. Ten acres had been donated for 
 a building site. 
 
 The IJncoln College Banner was first published in 188.5. At 
 one time ],S00 copies of the paper were issued. 
 
 In a few years the kindergarten and primary departments 
 were discarded and the insiitution gave its whole attention 
 to strictly college work. The attendants came to be called 
 students and not pupils as before. By 1890 the prepartory fit- 
 ted the student for firpt grade certificates. The college at this 
 
History of Lincoln County 10r> 
 
 A College Eduction 
 
 Is the corner stone on which the Twentieth 
 Century man or woman must huild success. The 
 plea is no longer "I can not afford it," hut "I can 
 not afford to be without it." 
 
 A Rare Opportunity which comes to a compar- 
 atively small per cent of young people is at your 
 door 
 
 The Kansas Christian College 
 
 a home college, recognized abroad. Four full 
 courses leading to degrees: Commercial, Normal, 
 Scientific, Classical. 
 
 The Commercial Course equips the the young 
 person for the business world. 
 
 The Normal Course gives special attention to 
 subjects leading to state certificate. 
 
 The Scientific Course takes up the practical side 
 of all the Sciences. 
 
 The Classical Course gives the student a broad 
 and solid foundation for any work in life. 
 
 Two year's work in any of the above courses 
 is accepted by the State University, allowing those 
 desiring a diploma from there to take two year's 
 work at home. 
 
 We also offer a Four Year's Course in Bible 
 Study. 
 
 GEO. R. STONER, Pres. 
 
106 History of Lincoln County 
 
 time ottered normal, scientific, classical, and commercial 
 courses. 
 
 The work of the first president, Rev. Bartlett, extended over 
 a period of eight years and through the early struggles he was 
 a most efficient worker. 
 
 Rev. Cameron, who succeeded him, served as president three 
 years. His work for the college did not close with his pres- 
 idncy as he is at present on the board of trustees. 
 
 President Whittaker, who served for thirteen years, prob- 
 ably did more than any one man for the institution. He found 
 it heavily in debt and the building yet unfinished. He was a 
 man of excellent business qualities, and by push and persist- 
 ence cleared the college of indebtedness and finished the build- 
 ing. 
 
 Rev. Geo. R. Stoner, A. M., who has been president for the 
 last two years, is a young man, unusually capable and well edu- 
 cated. During his administration many permanent improve- 
 ments have been made. Many more contemplated for the com- 
 ing year. 
 
 In looking over the courses offered and the splendid faculty 
 secured we feel that Lincoln County ought to be proud of the 
 Kansas Christian College. Yet in our rounds of the country we 
 hardly heard it mentioned. Lincoln County has a great many 
 advantages to boast of, yet there is one thing which it ought 
 io take pride in above all else — its educational advantages — its 
 public schools and its college. These may not add in any di- 
 rect way a specified amount to its pile of dollars, but they stand 
 near the goal toward which all material gain ought to aim — 
 namely, intellectual and spiritual progress. Material progress 
 is not an end in itself, but it gives an opportunity for higher 
 progress. When made an end in itself it loses all its value, and 
 is a curse instead of the blessing it might be, if used for the 
 proper purposes. If there was a prospect of getting a new 
 railroad through the county the citizens would put up $75,000 
 or $100,000, by private subscriptions, or by bonds. There are 
 any number of men who would give a thousand dollars each out 
 of their own pockets without expecting any direct returns, in or- 
 der to see a new railroad come through their vicinity. Why not 
 invest a like amount in a college? There is a financial as well 
 as a moral and intellectual return in a good, ttourishing col- 
 lege and the citizens ought to realize this and act accordingly. 
 
 The college at the present time is doing most excellent work 
 in a $ao,000 building, but it ought to have $300,000 in buildings 
 in order to do the work it is capable of doing for the commun- 
 ity and for its students. 
 
History of Lincoln County 107 
 
 Women's Organizations 
 
 The Lincoln Suffrage Association is in some ways the most 
 interesting of all the women's organizations in the county. It 
 was organized in ]<xxo, the tirst one in the State since the de- 
 feat of suffrage in the Legislature of 1876. Four years after- 
 wards (18S4) the State Association was organized, and just 
 seven years from the time that three Lincoln County women 
 got their heads together and made up their minds they would 
 vote, the women of Kansas had municipal suffrage. Mrs. Anna 
 C. Wait was the first woman to vote in Lincoln. During the 
 campaign when the amendment was voted on, Mrs. Wait and 
 Miss Eva Corning of Topeka stumped the county in the in- 
 terests of the amendment Their program was interesting and 
 to the point, and gained a great many votes. 
 
 Equal to Mrs. Wait in ability and in works was Mrs. B. J. 
 Biggs. For many years both with voice and pen she dealt 
 sturdy blows for equal rights for women. She had the talent 
 for making converts. She organized the Stanton Suffrage So- 
 ciety near the present site of Barnard, lectured throughout the 
 county, and wrote m.uch. She contributed to the Lincoln Bea- 
 con in the '80s, over the pen name of Nancy, and did much to 
 silence opposition by her ready wit and keen sarcasm as well 
 as her valid argument. 
 
 Mrs. Bertha H. Ellsworth, a writer of ability of both prose an-l 
 verse, held aloft the banner of woman suffrage and prohibition 
 during all those busy years of work and sacrifice for these twin 
 reforms in Lincoln County. 
 
 In the early days of the Suffrage Association an amusing in- 
 cident occurred between this organization and Geo. A. Ander- 
 son, the famous "horsewhipped," who favored whisky and op- 
 posed suffrage. He was at that time editor of the Register and 
 after printing the call for a meeting of the women gave vent 
 to his feelings in a scurrilous article entitled "Woman vs. 
 Man," displaying his ignorance both in thought and composi- 
 tion. The ladies sent him a copj' each of a standard English 
 Spelling book and English Language Lessons, together with 
 very appropriate resolutions. 
 
 The same group of ladies were much amused upon one occa- 
 
108 History of Lincoln County 
 
 sion by a lawyer trying to explain tiie constitution to them, and 
 the law governing presidential elections. Many of these as- 
 pirants for political rights could have told him things about 
 the law. 
 
 In 1884 a petition signed by 226 Lincoln County people was 
 sent to the Legislature. Representative R. T. Bryant from 
 Lincoln made a speech against allowing Mrs. Gougar to speak 
 in the House. His motion to lay the question on the table was 
 defeated 93 to 18. Eight members of the Lincoln Suffrage So- 
 ciety and Helen M. Gougar of the Ellsworth Society went to 
 Topeka, and on June 26, 1884, organized the State Equal Suff- 
 rage Association. Two ye^rs later Kansas placed the munici- 
 pal woman suffrage law among her statutes. 
 
 The Lincoln Beacon helped the good work along by devoting 
 a full page each week to suffrage. Mrs. Wait organized asso- 
 ciations all over the county. The Kansas \V. C. T. U. joined 
 hands with the suffrage society to aid in securing this law. 
 
 The W. C. T. U. in Lincoln was organized July 24, 1880, and 
 is now, as it always has been, active and alert. From the start 
 it assumed and has always maintained an aggressive attitude 
 and the comparative freedom of Lincoln Center from the bane- 
 ful liquor traffic is largely due to the efforts of the W. C. T. U. 
 There has been but one licensed saloon in town and it only held 
 its license a year. Sylvan Grove and Beverly also have active 
 W. C. T. U. locals. There have been when especially needed 
 other temperance organizations in the county. 
 
 The Radical Reform Christian Association, a temperance, pur- 
 ity, and equal rights association all in one, was organized ia 
 1883 by Mrs. A. G. Lord and held a two-day annual picnic each 
 year for twenty-five years in Christiansen's Grove. 
 
 The influence of this organization and its founder upon the 
 young people in the northwestern part of the county has been 
 a matter of note for years. The R. R. C. A. attracted atten- 
 tion abroad. 
 
 Mrs. Lord was a tireless worker. She often preached four 
 sermons a day, driving eighteen or twenty miles to do it. On 
 one occasion she rode eighty miles to the Bunker Hill vicin- 
 ity. She was the author of a petition to the State Legislature- 
 to amend the school laws, so as to forbid issuing a teacher's 
 certificate to any one using profanity, intoxicating liquors, or 
 tobacco. It was signed by five hundred teachers at their State- 
 meeting. 
 
 Mrs. Lord removed to Topeka to educate her son ,and while 
 there did prison work, and was instrumental in getting the- 
 Crittenden home established in that city. 
 
History of Lincoln County 109 
 
 All the men's fraternal societies have large, active, and help- 
 ful woman's auxiliaries. The Woman's Relief Corps has a 
 large membership and in its quiet "let not your left hand know 
 what your right hand doeth" way does a large amount of char- 
 itable work besides giving thoir brethren, the G. A. K., many 
 a lift. 
 
 OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 The Soldiers' Union Wii.s organized June 28, 1879. The first 
 officers were: R. S. Wilmarth, post commander, W. S. Wait 
 having declined to serve; A. T. Biggs, post adjutant; John Med- 
 craft, chaplain; ,1. D. Gilpin, surgeon; G. W. Cruson, quarter- 
 master; company otticers, J. F. Smith, captain; W. F. Limpus, 
 first lieutenant; T. A. Wells, second lieutenant; sergeant, first, 
 W. E. Marsh; second, E. Halcomb; third, Samuel Donley. This 
 union was finally succeeded by the G. A. R. 
 
 Farmers' clubs of different sorts began very early in this 
 county and by 189^ the county was a perfect network of them, 
 each one a live wire. There was a central Farmers' Alliance 
 with thirty-five thriving locals. 
 
 Hack in the '80s there was a strong Prohibition Club, and in 
 1888, Rev. Geo. Tenney, Anna C. Wait, and W. S. Wait repre- 
 sented Lincoln County in the State Prohibition Convention. 
 
 The old settlers are organized for the purpose of preserving 
 county history, and have an anmial reunion and barbecue 
 where they feast, smoke the peace pipe, and "swap yarns." 
 Native born citizens or those who have lived in the county 
 twenty years are eligible to membership. 
 
110 History of Lincoln County 
 
 Newspaper History 
 
 The ftrst newspaper was the Lincoln County News, published 
 in Lincoln Center in 1873. The editor was F. H. Barnhart. 
 April '6, ot the first year of its publication, W. C. Buzick bought 
 an interest in it. In December Barnhart sold his interest to 
 Rev. P. Baker, who assumed editorial management and pub- 
 lished it till December 2L', 1874. Later it was passed on to J. 
 W. Newell, who moved it to Stockton in Rooks County. 
 
 Barnhart began the publication of the Farmer, July 16, 1874, 
 and the next January moved it to Osborne County, where it is 
 now the famous Osborne County Farmer. 
 
 The Western Democrat was started late in 1874, and June 
 15, 1875, was sold to G. VV. Wellman. The name was changed 
 to the Saline Valley Register, it was the county paper till 
 January, 1879, when it was sold to Watson and Kimes. In Sep- 
 tember of the same year it was sold to Geo. W. Anderson, who 
 was proprietor until 1883. I\lr. Anderson sold his plant and in 
 1884 his successor published a paper called the Lincoln Banner. 
 In 1886 it was changed to the Lincoln Republican. 
 
 Late in 1879 Ira Lutes began publishing the Argus, it wax 
 bought by Hon. Walter S. Wait and his wife, Anna C. Wait, 
 in 1880, who assisted by their son, A. H. Wait, published it un- 
 til the death of W. S. Wait. A. H. Wait continued the publi- 
 cation until the ofiice was burned in 1901. 
 
 The Beacon was in many ways the most remarkable paper 
 ever published in Lincoln County, and in fact one of the most 
 remarkable county papers it has ever been the write/'s priv- 
 ilege to peruse. The Waits all had a natural sympatny lor the 
 under dog, and provided said dog was in the right, always 
 stayed with him to the end of the battle, no matter how many 
 times they were bitten by opposition. 
 
 A great deal has already been said about ]\lr. and Mrs. Wait, 
 so we will only mention in this connection their son, Alfred H. 
 Walt. 
 
 He was (and still is) a practical printer, having learned the 
 trade in the office of the Junction City Tribune in the early 
 seventies. He was connected with the Beacon during the 
 twenty-one years prior to its total destruction by fire (incen- 
 
History of Lincoln Cou)ity 
 
 111 
 
 MR. W. S. WAIT. 
 
 MRS. ANNA C. WAIT. 
 
 ^'> 
 
 MR. A. H. WAIT. 
 
112 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 diary). He was always local editor, the last seven years edi- 
 tor-in-chief, and the last Ave also owner and publisher. 
 
 The Beacon started as a Republican paper advocating prohi- 
 bition, anti-monopoly, and woman suffrage. It supported the 
 Republican party nationally until 1888, when it became con- 
 vinced that the Republicans were beyond reform. That year 
 it supported the Labor Party and the ticket of this party was 
 elected in Lincoln County. In 189i! it became Populist and re- 
 mained so as long as the paper was punblished. It never 
 missed an issue. 
 
 This is the office which was built in 1885 and occupied by 
 the Beacon until it was burned in I'JOl. It was 20 by 56 feet, 
 and the only building ever erected in Lincoln as a printing 
 office. 
 
 We have already mentioned that the Lincoln Republican was 
 established in 1886. This gives it the dignity of the oldest pa- 
 per in the county, it is consistently Republican and true to its 
 name. K. A. McCullum is proprietor and editor. 
 
 The Sentinel, which is the Democratic paper of the county, 
 was established in 1894 by ha Troup. It is owned at present 
 by C. C. Stoner. 
 
 Both the papers in Lincoln are alive and up-to-date, and are 
 a great help to the town. In fact, they are an absolute ne- 
 cessity. 
 
History of Lincoln County 113 
 
 SYLVAN GROVE NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The Sylvan (Jrove Sentinel, a neutral paper, was founded in 
 1887. 
 
 The present Sylvan paper, the Sylvan Grove News, began in 
 1895 as the Alert. A man by the name of Hower was editor 
 and publisher. May 4, lyoo, the name was changed to what it 
 is at present. Since then it has had various owners, St. Clair 
 & Hafter, Smith & Cross, Harder & Poor. Harder bought 
 out Poor and for a time A. J. Graves edited the paper for 
 Harder. Tell Peterson recently became proprietor and editor. 
 
 BARNARD NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The first paper in Barnard was the Barnard Times, published 
 by S. M. Figge, date uncertain. 
 
 The Barnard Bee was started six years ago by Will DeVin- 
 ney. This paper is certainly a live wire in every way. it is 
 responsible for some of the unusual prosperity which has come 
 to the town in the last few years. A good paper can help a 
 town, and this editor knows it. It has a good circulation and 
 the subscription list is constantly growing. In politics it is Re- 
 publican or otherwise. It has convictions and sticks to them. 
 
 Resources 
 
 It is estimated by the elevator operators that the wheat yield 
 in Lincoln County this year will run a million and a half 
 bushels. 
 
 Wheat is eighty cents this year, and is turning out 20 to 'M 
 bushels to the acre. 
 
 The crop next in importance is corn. We saw some in our 
 rounds which was twelve to fourteen feet high with ears large 
 accordingly. Whoever has a hundred acres of corn in Lincoln 
 (bounty is a rich man. 
 
 Alfalfa, the Kansas hay crop, is a moneymaker here. The 
 fourth crop is now being harvested, and it is a big crop, too. 
 
 Vast quantities of cream and eggs are shipped daily from 
 every station in the county. Vesper shipped out 55 cans of 
 cream of 100 pounds each and ;-)6,000 dozen eggs, and this was 
 nothing unusual either. 
 
 Better probably than words or figures would be a look at the 
 county. The farm houses are large and well kept. The sons 
 
114 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 and daughters of these farm estahlishments are being educated 
 in the Kansas colleges and abroad. 
 
 In making our rounds we found that if we happened to men- 
 tion unemployed or poor people in the city the people would 
 exclaim, "VVhj^ don't they come out here. We can give them 
 a job any time." 
 
 The most up-to-date machinery is used for planting and har- 
 vesting crops and to save household labor. The latest thing 
 which we noticed in the way of farm machinery was a corn 
 binder which will probably soon be in general use, solving to a 
 great extent the problem of harvesting corn and making it pos- 
 sible to raise a larger acreage. 
 
 
 ^. 
 
 A Lincoln County Wheat Field. 
 
 The above is a picture of a Lincoln County wheat held show- 
 ing tlie grain so thick as to make i( difficult to harvest. 
 
History of Lincoln County 
 
 WILLARD E. LYON. 
 
 115- 
 
 In this connection wv 
 wish to mention Mr. 
 Willard B. Lyon, who is 
 familiar with the re- 
 sources of Lincoln 
 County, and the advan- 
 tages it offers to home 
 seekers, as well as in- 
 terested in everything 
 in the way of public 
 improvements and pro- 
 gress. 
 
 Mr. Lyon was born in 
 Chilton, Wis., March 
 30, 1874. Two years 
 later the family moved 
 to Lincoln County, 
 where they have since 
 made their home. The 
 subject of our sketch 
 attended common and 
 high schools here. He 
 began teaching in 1894, 
 and two years later served on the counLy examining board. 
 The next year he went to the State Normal and graduated from 
 this institution in 1900, as a valadictorian of a class of one hun- 
 dred and eight members. The same jear he was elected county 
 superintendent of schools and served two terms. 
 
 In ll!04 he edited the Sentinel and could always be counted 
 on to support the right side of any public problem. The next 
 year he became associated with his father in the land business^ 
 and since that time has sold property amounting to three-fourths^ 
 of a million dollars. 
 
 This year Mr. Lyon bought out the Star Grocery and Meat ■ 
 Market and is making a success of this business, as he does^ 
 everything. 
 
 Mr. Lyon has been a member of the State Text Book Com- 
 mission since 1905. He is also a member of the Lincoln school 
 board. 
 
 As a citizen Mr. Lyon is always willing to support in a sub- 
 stantial way everything which will be of benefit to the com- 
 munity. As a real estate deahn- he can show you just what you 
 want at the right price. 
 
ll« 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 N. J. DAVIDSON. 
 
 Mr. N. J. Davidson, 
 one of the real estate 
 and loan men of L.in- 
 -coln, has been in the 
 county twenty one 
 years. He was county 
 clerk for four and one- 
 half years, after which 
 he went into real es- 
 tate business. His long 
 residence here has 
 made him familiar with 
 the lands all over the 
 •county and he can 
 show his customers 
 these lands to good ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Mr. Davidson is a 
 member ot the Nation- 
 al Co-Operative Realty 
 Company, and by this 
 means can sell lands in 
 any part of the United 
 
 ;States and Canada. He is also a member of the Central Real 
 Kstate Dealers' Association, by which he is in cooperation with 
 the real estate dealers all through the West. It will be to the 
 advantage of any one leaving l^incoln County to have a talk with 
 Mr. Davidson, and let him know where they intend to locate, as 
 he can be of assistance to them In buying property in any local- 
 ity, which they may select. To any person desiring to locate in 
 Lincoln County he can show the best farm and town properties 
 in the market. 
 
 Mr. Davidson is making a specialty ot the loan business. He 
 
 < oas an unusually good loan proposition by which he makes loans 
 
 running from one to Hve years. These loans are marie bearing 
 
 annual Interest and with the privilege of paying back all or part 
 
 • of the loan at the end of any one year without regard to the 
 
 'length of time the loan was supposed to run. 
 
 In addition to loans and real estate Mr. Davidson has an ab- 
 stract, and An Insurance business. 
 
History of Lincoln County 117 
 
 The Stock Business 
 
 Lincoln County used to be a great grazing section, but the lan<j- 
 is now too valuable for agricultural purposes to be used exten- 
 sively for grazing. The limestone hills, however, are still used 
 for this purpose, and the grass is said to be the best In tbe 
 world for producing bone and beef. It grows in great abundance 
 in May, June, July, and August. Instead of shipping cattle to 
 pasture for other people for so much per head the Lincoln Coun- 
 ty people buy stock on the Kansas City market, pasture it a 
 season, and sell in the fall. The farthest point of pasturage is 
 not over ten miles from the nearest loading point. 
 
 When pasture is hired it is generally bought at ?3 per head. 
 The gain per steer runs from 850 to 400 pounds for the feeding 
 season. 
 
 Most of the farmers keep a small herd of native grade cattle, 
 but an increasingly large number have thoroughbred cattle and 
 hogs. The raising of pure-bred animals for the market is a mat- 
 ter of education and the people of Lincoln County are finding 
 out that it pays better to raise them for the ordinary market 
 than to raise the best grade stock obainable. The stock-breed- 
 ers tlnd a ready market for their animals at home, but some of 
 Them who have taken prizes at the State fairs have tilled orders 
 from all parts of the country. 
 
 Horse-raising is also an important industry in Lincoln Countj , 
 and there are several men in the west side of the county en- 
 gaged in this business. The following is a partial list of thor- 
 oughbred stock breeders in the county: 
 
 A. J. Hinkley, Milo, Poland-Chinas. 
 
 Thomas Collins, Lincoln, Poiand-Chinas. 
 
 John Black, l^arnard, Poland-c:hinas. 
 
 Henderson Howe, Barnard, Poland-Chinas. 
 
 a. A. Woods, Lincoln, Poland-Chinas. 
 
 Grant Crawford, Lincoln, Poland-Chinas. 
 
 P. L. Brown, Sylvan Grove, Herefords. 
 
 C. H. Errebo, Denmark, Herefords. 
 
 James Williams, Sylvan (xrove. Polled Angus. 
 
 H. P. Bacon, Sylvan Grove, Poland-Chinas and Shorthorns. 
 
 Chas. Tilton, Lincoln, Poland-Chinas. 
 
 Henry Aufdemberge, Lincoln, Shorthorns. 
 
 G. K. Smith, Lincoln, Shorthorns and Red Polls. 
 
 C. H. Williams, Sylvan Grove, Shorthorns. 
 
 Lee Skiles, Sylvan Grovf, Herefords. 
 
118 
 
 History of Lincoln Coutdy 
 
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History of Lincoln County 
 
 119 
 
 V. A. PLYMAT, 
 
 SHORTHORNS. 
 
 Mr. Plymat who has been in the stock busi- 
 ness for five years has a herd of twenty-five 
 head. He beUeves it is better to keep stock in 
 good growing and utility condition, so has avoid- 
 ed the practice of fattening his animals for shows. 
 His stock is low, blocky and short-legged. Mr. 
 Plymat owns about a section of land three miles 
 north of Barnard and sells all his stock from this 
 farm. He makes no special sales, but farmers and 
 others wishing good, useful animals, will find 
 them always in salable condition at the right prices 
 at the Plymat Farm, three miles north of Barnard. 
 
 C. H. ERREBO, 
 Thoroughbred Hereford Cattle, 
 
 Established in 1902. 
 
 Head of the Herd HARRISON. 
 Cows BELINDA and ELSIE. 
 
 Mr. Errebo has a fine herd of 100 head. He began by 
 buyinjif 40 head of Whittaker's best animals. The cat- 
 tle are raised for sale purposes and sold from the farm. 
 Stock already for sale. — C. H. Erricbo, Denmark, Kans, 
 
120 
 
 History of Lincoln County 
 
 TOPEKA ^ 
 Ili.ll3.ll5.il7 EAST EIGHTH AVE 
 
 r KANS. 
 
 FURNISHES: 
 
 A Complete Business Education, 
 A Course in Commercial Law, 
 Telegraphy, R. R. Office Work, 
 Civil Service Instruction. 
 
 Special Courses for advanced work in 
 Expert Accounting, 
 Verbatim Reporting, 
 Telegraphic Newspaper Work, 
 Civil Engineering, 
 English Course, 
 Teachers' Course. 
 
 Night School 
 
 Lect 
 
 ures 
 
 Students are trained not according to theory 
 but according to the actual demands of practical 
 business life. 
 
 Enrollment Seven Hundred Per Year. 
 
 104 page Illustrated Catalogue EREE, by 
 mentioning this book. 
 
History of Lincoln County 121 
 
 The Evolution of Business Methods 
 
 The business methods o\. pi-e-historic days consisted mostly in 
 trading and stealing. The Pawnee Indians employed the latter 
 to a considerable extent, and did it in a businesslike way. J. R. 
 Mead tells of a party of them being out on a raid and on running 
 into a party of white men began to swap knives, thereby getting 
 into a quarrel. Their chief rode up and restored order, saying: 
 "You are out to steal ponies and not to raise quarrels." 
 
 Another primitive business method was trickery. An Indian 
 came to "Uncle Mart" Hendrickson and asked to buy some meal. 
 As Uncle Mart measured it out the Indian took off his shirt and 
 had the meal poured onto it. Then he said he didn't have any 
 money. He knew that nobody would want the meal after it be- 
 ing in the dirty, sweaty shirt, so picked it up and walked off 
 chuckling. 
 
 But these primitive business methods have passed away and 
 so have the people that used them, before the tides of civiliza- 
 tion and system. In their place have come new methods which 
 are learned by a thorough scientific training. No one expects 
 to get through the world on native ability alone, or to live on 
 his wits. He knows that in the present highly organized com- 
 mercial world, he must haA'^e a special education to prepare him 
 for filling his place. So he selectes an institution which makes 
 a specialty of Training men for business life, and one which has 
 years of success behind it to recommend it and justify its meth- 
 ods — the Topeka Business College for instance, whose graduates, 
 thousands in number, go out daily from the school to responsible, 
 well-paying positions all over the United States, many occupying 
 some of the most important positions in large business establish- 
 ments and receiving salaries which would make a king look like 
 thirty cents. Still others have large business establishments of 
 their own. The graduates of the Topeka Business College who 
 are at work in the Santa Ke ottices in Topeka alone number 
 182. Scores of others have gone to the Santa Fe offices in other 
 cities from Chicago to San Francisco. This is the largest list 
 of students from any school in any one office in the United States 
 and is the highest endorsement for the methods of this school. 
 
 Not only are all graduates placed in positions but many of the 
 undergraduates have been found capable of performing the most 
 difficult kinds of office work and one hundred and twenty such 
 persons have been placed in good positions during the past year. 
 
122 History of Lincoln County 
 
 There are plenty of opportunities tor competent young business 
 people in Topeka. TJiere are tiie general offices of the great 
 Santa Fe system, the headquarters of the Rock Island's Western 
 system, offices of the Union and Missouri Pacific, the various 
 United States, State, county, and other offices, besides the com- 
 mercial establishments of all kinds. There is nothing haphazard 
 about these modern business methods. There are no its or ands 
 to your success if you get the right kind of training, it paves 
 the road to wealth. You will be sure to get it at THE TOPEKA 
 BUSINESS COLLEGE. 
 
 To Late to be Classified 
 
 1 saw a man the other day who had three ears of corn each 
 as long as his forearm. That's pretty good corn. Back in the 
 '80s a Lincoln County woman living over on Spring Creek used 
 to eat ten that size every day for dinner. 
 
 When the body of John Lyden was taken from the well after 
 being there three weeks it was taken to the court house. That 
 was the winter after gras.shopper year and there was grain and 
 meal piled up which was being doled out to the destitute. The 
 body was placd among these supplies. A man, Davis by name, 
 said he thought it ought not to have been put there. Mr. Priest 
 spoke up: 
 
 "Well, all that ails you is that you're not hungry enough. I've 
 seen the day when 1 would have rolled that fellow over to get 
 meal under him." 
 
 In the church history, which failed to be included in this book, 
 there is an account of how "Uncle Uan " Day went to church and 
 instead of going in stood on the outside and knocked on the door. 
 
 Uncle Martin Hendrickscn, one of our oldest settlers, has lived 
 through a great deal. Some years ago his wife gave him some 
 carbolic acid by mistake and he drank a large amount of it. Ev- 
 erybody thought he would die, but Uncle Mart, having lived 
 through all the terrors incident to pioneer days was not to be 
 killed by such a small thing as a dose of carbolic acid. He ral- 
 lied and was much better the next day, and to the surprised re 
 marks of the neighbors the doctor answered: "You would have 
 to cut Uncle Mart's head off and hide it before he would die." 
 
 Pioneers of Lincoln County used to practice economy. It was 
 the cardinal virtue in those days. The following story Is told 
 
History of Lincoln Ceunty 123 
 
 ot a prominent man who lived on the east side of the county. 
 Mr. H. used to make molasses and had a pair of pants which he 
 always wore when into such a job. The pants got so stiff with 
 molasses and dirt that they would stand alone. After the sea- 
 son was over he had vinegar to sell and the neighbors bought 
 liberally. One day a family, Hughes by name, had a harvest 
 hand to dinner. Mr. Huges passed the vinegar but his man did 
 not take any, whereupon Mr. Hughes remarked, "Have some vin- 
 egar, 1 guess It is pretty good." 
 
 "it ought to be," replied the other, "it was made of the soak- 
 in's of Mr. H.'s molasses pants." 
 
 There was a scare sent out over the State that the sunflowers 
 -were about to be exterminated. Not in Lincoln County. A wo- 
 man living on the east side of the county planted some climbing 
 beans beside sunflower stalks. After the beans had begun climlv 
 ing up the stalks there came a good rain. The next morning 
 she found that the sunflowers had grown so fast that they had 
 jerked the beans out of the ground and the fresh, moist earth 
 was still dining to their roots. 
 
 Many funny things have happened in the Lincoln County 
 courts, some of which are not dignified enough for print even in 
 this book, but here is one which happened in the year 1872 which 
 will past muster. 
 
 Lawj^er: "Did Smith strike Brown with malicious Intent?" 
 
 Witness: "Su-r-r?" 
 
 Lawyer: "Did Smith strike Brown with malicious intent?" 
 
 Witness: "No, su-r-r, he hit him with a cottonwood limb." 
 
 A few people in Lincoln County have committed suicide, some 
 'by drowning, some by hanging, and some by shooting ,but a cer- 
 tain very original man stuck his nose in his ear and blew his 
 head off. 
 
 We heard a man say the other day that he would believe any 
 kind of a cyclone story. Here is one for him: A cyclone once 
 lifted and carried half a mile a man who was so fat that on 
 ■coming down his shadow killed a full-grown buftalo. 
 
 Now go and patronize our advertiseio. 
 
Table of Contents 
 
 IBarnard 83 
 
 Beverly 88 
 
 Building tlie Courthouse 47 
 
 doming of the White Men 14 
 
 County Organization 43 
 
 County Seat Contest 44 
 
 Dedication 3 
 
 Denmarlv 96 
 
 Evolution of Business Methods 121 
 
 Geology of Lincoln County 7 
 
 Grasshoppers 49 
 
 Growth and Development 50 
 
 Indian Troubles of 1868 30 
 
 Kansas Christian College 104 
 
 Lincoln 65 
 
 Newspaper History 110 
 
 On the Roll of Honor 56 
 
 Organizations 107 
 
 Prairie Fires 51 
 
 Pre-historic 10 
 
 Pennsylvania Store 68 
 
 Preface 5 
 
 Haid of 1869 37 
 
 Railroad History 51 
 
 Resources 114 
 
 School History 97 
 
 Settlements 21 
 
 Some Old Settlers 61 
 
 Stock Business 117 
 
 Sylvan Grove 79 
 
 The Cleary Case 52 
 
 The Lyden Murder 49 
 
 The Medicine Man ." 23 
 
 The MofRt Boys 18 
 
 The Mulberry Scrap 36 
 
 Too Late to be Classified 122 
 
 Vesper 92 
 
KANSAS I'ARMEK JOU Ol'KlCE, 
 TOPKIvA, KANSAS.