^^•n^. '. " " ° ■♦ ^v. > . t r-77 ^ '^jj ,-* I {-^ ^ -^ / t 4 o v?,-^-, ■ ,^o. 1^ .»•<-- ". ■•j^- 0^ f « • « ....>_x..:' .^H-. ^^ '*^f^^ xr .* c5' ^ >^:^^^^V '?^ -^ ^. ^^-v.. ,-iq. V-, ^^ :^i/^:o U ^ :^m\ '^ ^^ /^"^^^^ ^ <^ ^'^ v-^; «* .-^ -i^.-^v v*^ > .,e. J ;. •>'^ ^^ y^/'/?^/ ^ >: Aq^ i^' '" 0' ^^ . « • o . - v^ ^ <>>. V* '" % 0^ cO" t<^'-^t hV^ . ^^ • ■■_ " / 1 * •--> . .^ ^' S ' ^ ^s^ >- .^^o, ■* .^^'■ "^r- •^bv^ >-^' ■■ "^ A^ "^ ■*- %r^. ^^ .^ .Vr.l5f^,^o A ,^^ v' ^" a <• •^^ ^ ^ ^^9^' ^>.''''^ .^0• ■y ^> V ^..^^ ; V N ^.,-^<.. t* • '*•, '." V-' r 1 * 4 ■ ^-^^ " w • * " »' V <:^ " California, (Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, COLORADO, NEBRASKA, DAKOTA, IOWA, ILLINOIS, WISCONSIN, MICHIGAN AND MINNESOTA. I?i*XCJa, t^S CEISTS. THE FOR- , TOURIST, BUSINESS AND PLEASURE TRAVEL. THE POPULAR RESORTS OF Califorfiia, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyommg, Colo- rado, Nebraska, Dakota, lozva, Illinois, Wisconsin, Northern Michigan and Minnesota. A GUTDE TO THE LAKES AND KTVERS, TO THE PLAINS AND MOUNTAINS, TO THE KESOKTS OP BIKDS, GAME ANIMALS AND FISHES; AND HINTS FOR THE ( OMMERCIAL TRAVELER, THE THEATRE .MANAGER, THE CoMPrr,ED BY W. H. STENNETT, I General Passenj^cr Agent Chicago ifc North-Western Railway Co. I^TJBLISHEID B-X" THE- CHICAGO, ILL. Entered according to Act of Congre-*, in tlte y«nr 18R0. Bv W. H. STENNliTT, In tliu Office of tlie Librarian of Congress, at Wa>bingtou, D. C. Chicago & North-Western Railway. OJCXEMA-L omCEJiS, ETC. ALIiERT KEEP. PreilHent, Chicago. M. 1,. SYKES, Jk.. VIce-Pres., Sec. and Treas., 83 Wall St., N.Y. .MARVIN HimillTT, Qcneral Manager, CMcago. C. 0. WHEKI.KIt, Atsislanl (General Suporlulendenl, Chicago. H. C. WICKER, Frciglil Trallio M .noKer, Chicago. r. Ij. EDDY, (ieneriil iTelgbt Aitent, Chicago. W. S. MELI.EN, As'istaiU General Freight Agent, Chicago. C. II. KN AIT, nivi-ion Freight Agent, Chicago. C. V. McKlNLAY, DIvi.ion Freight Agent, Chicago. H. R. McCULl.oUciH, IJiv. Frt. Agt.W.AM. P.R. R., Winona. W. H. STENNETT, General Pajiongor Agent, Chicago. W. A, THRALL, General Ticket Agent, Chicago. E. H. JOHNSON, Chief Engineer, Chicago. B. C. COOK, General Solicitor, Chl.jigo. M. M. KIRK.MAN, l^ocal Treaj. and General AccounUnt, Chicago. *J. B. REDFIELD, Assistant Secretary and Auditur, Chicago R. W. ilA MEli, Purchaiing Agent, Chung . N. A. PHILLIPS, General Baggage Agent, Ch cago. W. F.FITCII, General Claim Auenl, Cliicago. G. H. THAYER. Suj. rlntendeul of Telegraph, Chicago- a. P. '.O'DWIN, Land Commissioner, Chic;ago. F. .M LUCE, Car Accountant, Chicago. J>iriSJO}f SUPEKIATEy DENTS. CHARLES MURRAY", Superintendent Galena Division and Freeport and Fox River Lines, Chicago. J. S. OLU'ER, Superintenclent Iowa Division and Iowa Midland Railnav, Clinton, lotva. EDWARD J. CUYLER, Superintendent Wisconsin and Milwaukee and 'Kenosha and Rockford DItUIods, and S. A F. dn L. R. R., Chicago C. A. SWI.\EFf>RD, Superintendent Madison Division, Baraboo, Wis. S SANBORN, Superintendent Winona A St. Peter R. R., Winona, Minn. W. B. LINSLEY, Superintendent Peninsular Division, Escaoaba, Mich. GENERAL AGENTS, ETC. L. F. BOOTH, Gen'l Eastern Agent, 415 Broadway, New York. H. P. STANWOOD, Gen'l Agent, 2 New Montgomery Street, Sa Francisco. JOHN S. GEORGE, Commercial Agent, Milwaukee, Wis. CHARLES ATKINS, General Agent, Council Blu* and Omaha. C. H. WISE, Passenger and Freight Agent, 5 State Street, Boston, Mass. C. H. KNAPP, General Agent, Winona, Minn. TRAVEI^ING AGENTS, ETC. T.. B. SPAIN. Buffalo, N. Y. | G. L. HARRISON, Chicago. 1 A^"' "',AP?n A VFR^C^c^o H. A.POrt'EK, Cin...sc). I G. K.BARNES, Chicago. I CHARLiiS TRAV ER, Chicago. IMPORTANT TO WEST BOUND EMIGRANTS. E. MIGRANT TKATNS WKST OK OMAHA.— The trains canylnK EmiKrants on the Inion and Central Pacific roads, west of Ouiahiv, arc maile up of comfoitat)le couLlies. Tlie passengers arc not crowded In the cars, but plenty of rooir \a given. Sleeping cars do not accompany these trains, and the only sleeping facilities ofl'ered are those tiiht may be found in any p.assenger coach. The time of these trains is about twelve miles per hour, which, making the time from Omaha to San P'rancieco by Kmigrant Trains la eight to nine days, gives passengers by them ample time to see the country as tliey move through it. Emigrants can get meals at the regular " Ealing Stations " along the line, or they can carry cooked provisions with them, and buy coffee or tea at the eating houses, and eat on the train. EMIGRANT TICKETS are limited as to time, being good between Chicago and Oniaha for eight fS) days from and Including day of sale. At Omaha you exchange this ticket for one of the Union Pacitlc liailroad Issue, good for nine days from and Including day of exchange. No "stop-over checks " are Issued on second class or emigrant tickets. No cars are charterfid by thin Compari)/ on by any' other line for carrying passengers to points west of Omaha, as the Union and Central Pacific Railroads exact their full schedule rates from all roads ticketing over their lines, without any reference to the number in one party ticketed. Emigrants' movables can go on the same train taken by emigrants from Omaba, as through freight cars arc attached to emigrant trains. Emigrants are n jt allowed to travel in the same freight cars with their effects. "Where parties of twenly- flre or upwards arc travi^ling toijether. a special passenger t^ar can be secured so as to keep the partv together, without extra cost, but no reduction from the rate can be made, no matter how large the party may be. TO AND FROM DENVER. The completion of the Colorado Central Branch of the Union Pacific Railroad from Cheyenne to Denver, offers to the traveling public a Short l.lne to all points In Colorado and New Mexico, and permits th.- Chicago & North-Wcsteni Kailway to again ask the patronage of those traveling between Cliicago and Denver. Passengers desiring to reach any point in Colorado oi- New Mexico, will find it to their interest to purchase tickets over the Cliicago & North.Westei;n Railway, whit h at all times studies the safety and comfort of Its patrons by adopting, far in advance of all other lines, every Improvement known to modern railroading. This Is the best route to take for Fort Collins. Eongitiont. Boulder. Golden. Georgetown. Idaho Springs, Central Cltv. Black Hawk. Denver. Colorado Springs. Canon City. Pueblo. Trinidad. El Moro, Garland City, Lake City. The San Juan Country. El 1 aso, or .-aiita t e. By Cheyen as these in connection with a nauy line oi i nrougn i uumau cieeiJurB innvt-i.;ii > ul...^ ........ ..^ ...... •, ■" j"^,v„;,, ^ ~7'' lions are made at Denver with trains of the Denver & Kio Grande Railway for Colorado biirings, Pueblo, etc. On this Line we give holders of this class of make the same lime as Urst class pa88engc.„. .. .-..„ ,i- /^v,i„-™x .^ who desire the Lowest Rates and Best Accommodations must buy their Denver Tickets \ la th . Chicago & North-Western Railway. For Tickets, or further Information, apply to any Coupon Ticket Agent In the country. In all cases possible, buy vour Through Tickets from the local Ticket Agent nearest your home, Tou will In almost all cases save mone'y by so doing, and can then be certain of getting the tickets you desire. In all cases see that your Tickets between Cliicago and Omalia read via Chicago & North-^\ estern Railway. NEW '"ORK OFFICE: No. 415 Broadway. BaSTON OFFICE : No. 5 State Street. MILWAUKEE CITT TICKET OFFICE : 102 Wisconsin Street. ST. PAUL TICKET OFFICE : Corner Third and Jackson Streets. CHl('\C.O TICKET OFFICES: 62 Clark Street, under Sherman House; 7.") Canal^orner Madison Street ; KInzle Street Depot, corner West Klnzle and Canal Sts. ; AVells Street Depot, corner Wells and Klnzle Sts. OMAHA TICKET OFFICES : 215 Farnham Street, corner Fourteenth, and at Union Pacific Depot. COUNCIL BLUFFS TICKET OFFICES: Corner Broadway and Pearl Sts., and at C. & N.-W. R'y Depot. SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE: 2 ^ew Montgomery Street. i-e second class accommodation to emigrants destined to Colorado and New Mexico, and f tickets are" carried on express trains the entire distance froni Chicago to Denver, and 3 first class passengers. Fare hv this route always as low as by any other. 1 assengere The Puzzled Traveler. "I should like to know where this Chicago & North- Western Railway does nof solicit business for,^ said Judfre Mason a few days ago to a certain ticket agent at Boston, " for," said he, " last fall my friend John Wilson came here to buy a ticket to San Francisco, en route for Japan, and he was told that the Chicago & North-Western Railway was the Chicago link in the Trans-Continental Line ; that it was the first road built to the Missouri River to connect with the great Pacific roads, and to complete the Overland Route ; that it is the only line running Pullman Drawing-Room Palace Cars between Chicago and Omaha, ('and that is true to-day' "chipped in" the ticket agent), and that if he wanted to travel on the best and safest road in the country, he must get his ticket by this route. He accepted the story as true, bought his ticl '•each the desired destination. n „o oi T> T^ * THE COMPILER. General Passenger Department Chicago & North-Western Raii^wat Chicdgo, Hi. .cW* * ^Itl -^ CONTENTS. Across the Mississippi. R. It. . . PAGE 15 Aiiiericim Folk R. It. 34 Ausl lii 1 i a 85 Britisli Columbia 89 BuiUii^ioi;, Cedar Kiiplds & Minnesota Ry 19 BurliiiKioii iV .MIesoui'i, of Nebraslca 82 t'ontrul llallroadof Iowa 20 Cliippewa I'ulls iV Wesicra Ry 87 Cluiip Lands for t lie lariner 68 CliU'at.'<), Duluicjuc Ai Lii Crosse 15 Clii(;a;,'o, l>ul)ii(ii:c iV; Minijosola Ry 15 Chica-o, .Madihun & St. I'aul Line 76 Cliicago, Green Hay & Laice Superior Line 48 Colorado 82 Coniniutatiou Rates, Galena Division 9 CoiniiuitaiiDn Rates, Mllwauitee Division 103 Ciiiinuutatiun Hales, Wisconsin Division 50 Cuiicludlu^ Iteniarlis 119 Consolidation 5 Cortland A: yycanioie R. R H Daliota Southern Iv. R 21 Davenport & St. I'aul Ry lli Des Moines & Ft. Dodge U. It 21 Des Moines & Minnesota It. It 21 Elroy Route 70 Flue Lands at Low Rates 98 Freeport & Dubuque l..ine 42 From Marquette to Dulutli 71 From Kenosha to RockforU 115 Galena Division Chicago & North-Western Ry — 9 Game Laws.... 110 Green Hay & Minnesota R. R 66 H Istorlcal. 1 Idaho 84 Iron Mines and Furnaces 23 Kansas City, St. .Joseph & Council Bluft's R. R 82 Kenosha & Rockford R. R 115 La Crosse, Trempealeau & Prescott R. K 97 Lake Geneva Line. 45 Lake Superior & Mississippi K. R 91 Lake Talwe 88 Manitoba 93 McAllister Mineral Springs 107 Mileage 1 Milwaukee 108 Milwaukee Division 103 Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western R. R 113 Minnesota. 89 PAGB Montana ... 34 New Zealand... 3& Northwestern I'nlon Ry 112 North Wisconsin Ry 8i Oniuha agle Lake, Minn 101 Fust Side, la 22 Kau Claire, Wis 86 Index. PLAC^ AND STATE. PAGE Eddyvillo, la 20 Edeii, Wis 113 Edgerton, Wis 55 Eldora. In 20 Eldonido, Wis 58 Eldridge, la 16, 17 El-,'iu,lll 42 Elgin, Minn 99 Elk Grove, 111 50 Elkhart Lake, Wis 115 Elkhorn, Wis 55 Elko, Nev 35 Elk Point, Dak 24,25 Elkport, la 16 Elk River Junction. la 16 ElkUiver, Minn 95 Elinhiust, 111 10 Elroy, Wis 86 Emerald (irovc. Wis 55 Empire City, Oregon 40 Escanaba, Mich 69 Eugene City, Oregon 40 Eureka, Wis 62 Evans, Col 32, 33 Evanston, 111 103 Evansville, Wis 79 Evanston, Wyo a3 Everett, Neb 29 Excelsior, Minn 90 Eyotii, ilmn 99 Fairfax, la 19 Fairhaven, Minn 95 Faribault, Minn 100 Farley, la 19 Farmnigtou, Utah 34 Fargo, Minn - 93 Fayette, la 17 Fergus Falls, Minu 93 Fish Creek, Minn 97 Flagg, 111 12 Florence, Neb 32 Fond du Lac, Minn 91 Fond du Lac, Wis 56 Fontanelle, Neb 29 Footville, Wis 7rf Fort Abercrombie, Minn 93 Fort Atkin-on, Wis 55 Fort Benton, Mont 93 Fort Dod;,a', la 21 Fort Fred Steel, Wyo 33 Fort liarry, U. N. A 93 Fort Howard, Wis 65 Fort Sanders, Wyo 33 Fort Seward, Minn 93 Fort Sully, Dak 102 Fort Thompson, Dak 102 FortTotten, Dak 93 Fort XVadsworth, Dak 93 Fox Lake, Wis 56 Fox Ifiver, Wis 116 Forreston, 111... 13 Forest City, Minn 95 Forest Lake, Minn 91 Franklin, 111 12 Frazier City, Jlinn 93 Fredericksburg, 111 10 Freeborn, Minn 100 Freeport, 111 44 Fremont, Neb 24, 29 Fremont, Wis 62 Fulton. Ill 14 Galena, 111 13,44 Gait. Ill 14 Garden I'rairie, 111 43 GoU'sville, Wis 93 Garry Owen, la 41 Gayville, Dak 26 Geneva, 111 10 Genoa, Wis 46, 116 Genoa Junction, Wis 46, 116 Georgetown, Col 'Si Gcrniautown, Wis 112 PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Gilberts, 111 42 Gill's Landing, Wis 62, &i Gilroy, C'al 35 Glenbeulah, Wis 115 Glencoe, 111 104 Glendale, Wis 96 Glen Flora, 111 105 Glidden, la 22 Glyndon, Minu ' 93 Gold Hill, Col 33 Gold Hill, Nev 35 Golden City, Col 33 Goose Lake. la 41 Gordon's Ferry, la 16 Gower's Ferry, la 17 (trand Detour, 111 13 Gcand Island, Neb 32 Grand Junction, la 21 Grand Mound, la 16 Grand Rapids, Wis 67 Granite Falls, Minn 102 Granville, Wis 112 Greeley, Col 35^ 33 Green Bay, Wis 65 Green Bay Junction, Wis 86 Green Lake, Wis 58 Green River, Wyo .33 Grinnell, la 20 Grundy Centre, la 20 Gatteuberg, la 16 Hainesville, 111 105 Hammond, Wis 88 Hampton, 111 14 Hampton, la 20 Hancock, Mich 74 Hanover, Wis 78 Harlem, 111 4, 10 Harper's Ferry, la 16 Harvard, 111 52 Havana, Minn 99 Haven, Iowa 19 Ilavelock. Ill 103 Ilawley, Minn 93 Hebron, 111 116 Hebron, Wis 116 Helena, la 19 Helena, Mont 34 Herman, Neb 24, 29 Hersey, Wis 97 Ileytmans, la 17 I Highland Park, 111 . . . 104 Highwood. Ill 105 Hillsborough, Wis 85 Hinckley, Minn 91 Honey Creek, la 30 Houghton, Mich 74 llollister, Cal ' 35 Hong Kong, China 35 Honolulu, S. 1 35 Hokah, Minn 16 Hopkinton, la 17 Hooper, Neb 29 Houston, Minn 16 Hudson, Wis 88 Huntley, 111 42 Humboldt, Nev 35 Ibena, Miun 102 Idaho City,Idaho 34 Idaho Springs, Col 33 Ida Grove, fa 24 Independence. la 19 Iowa Ccniie, la 21 Irving Park, III 50 Ironton, Wis 85 Ishpeming, Mich 70 Isle Rovale, Mich 71 Itaska.'Minu 95 Ives Station, Wis 108 .Jackson, \Vis 112 Jacksonville, Oregon 40 Jamestown, Minn 93 PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Jamestown, Neb 29 Janesville, Minn 101 Janesville, Wis 55 Jeflferson, Wis 56 Johnson, Wis 55- Johnson Centre, Wis 55 Johnson's Creek, Wis 56 Judd, Wis 78 Julesburg, Neb 32 Junction, 111 10 Juneau, Wis 5& Kandiyohi, Minn 94 Kasota, Minn 101 Kasson, Minn 99 Kaukauna, Wis 65 Kaysville, Utah 34 Kearney, Neb 32 Kekaska, Wis 56 Kelley, Iowa 21 Kelton. Utah 34 Kendalls, Wis 9* Kenosha, Wis 107 Kewaskum, Wis 112 Kingston, Minn 95 Kirkwood, Wis 85 Kishwaukee, III 52 Kloman, Mich 69 Kohlsville, Wis 112 Koshkonong, Wis 65 Lac-qui-parle, Minn 102^ La Croscent, Minn 16 Lacrosse, Wis 16,98 LaFox, lU 11 La Salle. HI 13 Lake Benton, Minn 102 Lake City, Minn 99 Lake Forest, 111 105 Lake (Jeneva, Wis 46 Lake Kampeska, Minn 102 Lake Michigamme, Mich. .... 72 L:ike Alills,~Wis 56 Lake Shetek, Minn 102 Lake Side, HI 104 Lake View, 111 : 103 Lake Walusa, Wis 79 Lake Zurich, 111 51 ]>amartine. Wis 58 L:itnoille, la 20 Lanark, HI 14,45 Lane, III 12 Lanesboro, AUnu 16 L' Ansa, Mich 72 Lansing, la 16 La Porte, la 19 Laporte, Neb 30 Laramie, Wyo 83 Lathrop, Cal 35 I»velle, Wis 85 Lawrence, 111 53 Le Grand, la 20 Leavenworth, Minn. 102^ Leo Centre, 111 12 Lehi, Utah .34 Lena, 111 13,44 Lewiston, Minn 99- Liberty ville, HI 105 Lindwerm, Wis 112 Lincoln, Neb 32 Lincoln, .Minn 99 Linn, la 19 Lisbon, la 17 Li-comb, la 20 Litchticld, Minn 94 l.ittJe Chute, Wis 65 Little Kaukauna, Wis 65 Lillle Suamico, Wis 67 Little Sioux, la. 24 Litchtleld, Minn 94 Lodi, 111 11 Lodi, Wis 81 Log'in, la 23 Logan, Neb 29 Index, Vll PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Logan, Utah ifS Logansville, Wis 85 Lombard, 111 10 Lone Tree, Neb 32 Long Prairie, Minn 93 Los Angeles, Cal 35 Loudon, la ^l Low Moor, la 16 Lowell, Wis 5*> Luzerne, la 19 Lyle, Minn 19 Lyons, la 41 Lyons, Neb 29 Lytles, Wis 98 Lyndon.lll 14 Madison, Neb 30 Madison, Wis 79 Magnolia, Wis 'i'8 Malade, Idaho 34 Malone, la 16 Malta, ni 12 Manitoba, B. N. A 93 Manitou, Col 33 Manitowoc, Wis 113 Mankato, Minn 101 Mankato Junction, Minn lul Mantorville, Minn 99 Maple, Neb 29 Maplewood, 111 50 Mapleton, la 24 Maquoketn, la 16, 41 Marengo, 111 43 Marinette, Wis o9 Marion, Minn 99 Marion, la 19 Marshall, Minn 102 Marshall, Wis 56 Marshalltown, la 20 Marshfield, Wis 63 Marshland, Minn 98 Marquette, Mich ^1 Marysville, Cal 35 Mason City, la 20 Mazeppa, Minn 9t) Massillon, la 17 Mauston, Wis 85 Mayville, Wis 56 Mayfield,Wi8 112 Maywood, 111 10 McGregor, la 16 McHenry, Dl 45 McGilroy 8 Ferry, Wis 98 McConnell's Grove, 111 44 Mechanicsville, la 17 Meckling, Dak 26 Medford, Minn 100 Melrose, 111 10 Melrose, Minn 97 Melbourne, Aust 35 Menasha, Wis 6.3 Mendota, Wis 80 Menomonee, Mich 69 Menomonee, Wis 88 Menomonee Falls, Wis 112 Meriden, Miuu '. lOO Merrimac, Wis 81 Merrillan, Wis 67 Midway, la 21 Midway, Wis 98 Milburiie, 111 105 Millidgeville, 111 14 Mill Rock, lov.a 41 Milton Junction, Wis 65 Milwaukee, V/is 108 Minnesota Junction, Wis .... 50 Mindoro, Wis 97 Mineral Point, Wis 13 Minonk, Ul 13 Minnesota City. Minn 99 Minneapolis, Miun 90 Missouri Valley Junction, la. 23 Modale, la 24 Moingoua, la 21 PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Moline, 111 14 Montrose, 111 50 Montour, la 20 Mondamin, la 24 Monmouth, la 41 Monticello, la 17, 14 Monticello, Minn 95 Monroe, Wis 44, 78 Monterey, Cal 35 Moorhead, Minn 93 Morris, Minn 94 Morrison, III ' 14 Mount Carroll, 111 14,45 Mount Vernon, la 17 Mount Prospect, 111 50 Munster, Wis 116 Nachusa, HI 12 Napa, Cal 35 Nashville, la 41 Nederlaud, Col 33 Neenah, Wis 63 Negaunee, Mich 70 Nelson, 111 13 Neleigh City, Neb 30 Neosho, Wis 5ti Nevada, la 21 New Cassel, Wis Hi New Glarus, Wis 79 New Hampshire, 111 4 i New Jefferson, la 21 New London, Wis t)2, (iO New Sharon, Iowa 20 New Ulm, Minn 102 Newton, la 20 Newton, Neb 3J Nicollet, Minn 102 Nickerson, Neb 29 Niles, Cal 35 Nora, lU 13,44 Nora Junction, la 19 Nordland, Minn 102 Norfolk, Neb 80 Normal, 111 13 Norman, Minn 93 North Evanston, 111 103 North Freedom, Wis 85 North McGregor, la 16 North Pacitic Junction, Minn. 91 North Platte, Neb 32 Northfleld, Minn 100 Northport, Wis 62 Northwood, la 20 Norway, la 19 Norwalk, Wis 96 Norwood, 111 50 Oak Center, Wis 56 Oak Creek, Wis 108 Oak Park, 111 10 O.ikdale, Neb 30 Oakfield, Wis 56 Oakland,Neb 29 Oconto, Wis 67 Oconomo woe, Wi s 56 Ogden, la 21 Ogden, Utah 33 Oiidensburg, Wis 67 Okaman, Minn 101 Okee, Wis 81 Olmsted, Minn 99 Olympia, W. T 40 Omro, Wis 56,02 Omaha, Neb • 3~ Oiiawa, la 24 Onalaska, Wis 97 Onslow, la 41 Ontario, la 21 Ontario, Wis 80 Ontonagon, Mich 74 Oregon City. Oregon 40 Oregon, Wis 79 Oronoko, Minn 99 Orouo, Minn 95 P-jACB and STATE. PAGE Orford, Wis 78 Orangeville, 111 44 Oroville, Cal 35 Oshkosh, Wis 61 Oshawa, Miuu 102 Oskaloosa, Iowa 20 Osterdock, la 16 Osceola, 111 45 010, la 24 Otter Tail City, Minn 93 Ottumwa, la 20 Owatonna, Minn 99 Owego, Minn 93 Oxford Mills, la 17 Ozark, la 41 O'Neill City, Neb 30 Palatine, 111 50 Palisade, Nev 35 Palmyra, Wis 55 Paola, Wis 79 Park Ridge, 111 50 ' Parkers, Minn 93 Pecatonica, 111 43 Pembina, Dak 93 Pensaukee, Wis 67 Perham, Mi nn 93 Peshtigo, Wis 68 Petaluma, Cal 35 Pewaukee, Wis 56 Pine City, Minn 91 Pine Creek, Wis 98 Pine Island, Minn 99 Plainview, Minn 99 Plank Road, 111 50 Platteville, Wis 13 Pleasant Grove, Minn 99 Pleasant Prairie, Wis 116 Plover, Wis 67 Plum River, 111 44 Plymouth, Wis. 115 Pokegama Falls, Minn 92 Polk City, la 21 Polo, HI If Poplar Grove, 111 116 Portage Lake, Mich 74 Portage, Wis 56 Port Byron, 111 14 Port Towiisend, W. T 40 Port Washington, Wis 113 Portland, Oregon 35 Portlandville, Iowa 24, 25 Postville, la 19 Poynette, Wis . . 81 Prairie, Minn 102 Prairie aux Isle, Minn 98 Prairie du Chien, Wis 16 Prairie du Sac, Wis 81 Princeton, Minn 95 Princeton. Wis 61 Prospect Park, 111 10 Prophetstown, 111 14 Provo, Utah 34 Puget Sound, Oregon 35 30 Quarry, la Racine, Wis 107 Racine Junction, W 18 107 Ramsey, Minn 16 Ravenswood, HI 103 Ravinia, 111 104 , Rawlings, Wyo 33 Redding, Cal 39 Red Wing, Miuu .. 99 Rcdwooil Falls. Mmn 94, .102 Reedsburg, Wis 85 Reno, Nev 35 Richmond, HI 4b Rich wood. Wis 56 Ridgencld, 111. 52 Ridgeland, 111 10 Ridott,Hl 44 liingwood, HI 45 Index. PLACE AND STATE. PAGE Ripon. Wis 68 River Forest, 111 10 River Sioux, la 24 Roclu'lle, 111 12 Rochester, la 17 Rochester, Minn 99 Rorktield, 111 19 Kocktlekl, Wis 112 KocUrord, 111 43 Rock Islaud, 111. . . ... 14 Rock Island Junction, 111 14 Rocktoii, Wis 55 Rojieis Park, lil 103 Rome Corners, Wis. , . 79 Roscoe. Ill 78 Rosehill. Ill 103 Roseburfrh, Oregon 40 Rosendiile, Wis 58 RouiKl Grove, 111 14 Royalton, Wis 62, 67 Rush City. Minn 91 Rushford, Minn. 16 Sabula, la 15 Sacramento, Cal 35 Salem, Oregon 40 Salem, Wis ... 116 Salina.s Cal 35 Sali.x. la 24 Salt Lake City, Utah . 33 San Diego, Cal 35 San Francisco, Cal 35 San Jose, Cal 35 Santa Barbara, Cal 35 Santa t'lara, Cal 35 Santa Cruz, Cal 35 Santa Rosa, Cal 35 Santiago. Minn. 95 Saratoga, Minn 102 Sargeant's Hluff, la 24 Sauk City, Wis 81 Sauk Rapids, Minn 95 Savanna, 111 14, 45 Saylor, la 2t Scales Mound, HI 44 Scandinavia, Wis 67 Schuyler, Neb 32 Scraiiton, la 2t Scribner, Neb 29 Seattle, Oregon 40 Seymour, Wis 66 Shannon, 111 14, 45 Sharon, Wis 54 Shawano, Wis 62, 65 Shel)oy2an, Wis 113 Sheldahl. la 21 Shellsburg, la 19 Shell Rock, la 19 Shiocton, Wis 66 Shoi)iere, Wis .55 Sidney. Neb 32 Silver City, Idaho 34 Silver City, Nev .35 Sioux Citv, la 24 Sioux Falls City, Dak 24,25 Sioux St. Marie, Mioh 71 Sleepy Eye Lake, Minn 102 Sloan, la" 24 Smitliland, la 24 Snells, Wis 62 Soledad, Cal 35 South Caledonia, 111 116 South Evanston, III 103 Sparta, Wis 96 Spaulding, Mich 69 Spechts I'erry, la 16 Spring Creek, la 20 Spring Crcen. Wis 85 Sprin? Hill. Ill 14 Spring Valley, Minn 16, 99 TLACK AND STATE. PAGE Spring Valley. Wis 85 Springfleld, Wis 55 Springville, la 19 Stanton, Neb 30 Stanwood, la 17 State Centre, la 20 State Hospital, Wis 62 State Line, III 107 State Line, Minn... 102 M. Anthony, Minn. 94 St. Cloud, Minn 96 St. Charles, 111 10 St. Charles, Minn 99 St. Francis, Minn 95 St. Francis, Wis 108 St. Helena, Cal 35 St. Ignace Island, L. S 71 St. Mary, Wis 61, 97 St. Paul, Minn 89 St. Peter, Minn 101 Steamboat Rock, la 20 Steilacooin, W. T 40 Sterling, III 13 Stephenson, Mich 69 Stevenstown, Wis 98 Stevens' Point, Wis 63 Stillwater, Minn 91 Stockton, Cal 35 Stockton, Minn 99 Stoughton, Wis .55 Sumhiit, Wis 96 Summerdale, 111 103 Sun Prairie, Wis 56 Superior City. Wis. 73 Swede Point, la 21 Sycamore. Ill 11 Sydney, .i^ustralia 35 Syene, Wis 79 Tacoma, Oregon 35 Tama, la 19 Taylor.Ill 12 'ivrkamu. Neb 24, 29 Thompson, Minn 91 Tipton, la 17 Toana, Utah 35 Toledo, la 20 Toniah, Wis 80 Toronto, la 17 Traer, la. 20 'rrempealeau, Wis 98 Truckee. Cal ; . . . . 35 Turkey River, la 16 Turner, 111 10 Twin Lakes, 111 46, .53 Two Rivers, Wis 113 Udina, Iowa . ! 42 Uni'itilla, Oregon 40 Union, 111 43 Union, la 20 Union Centre, Wis 85 Union Grove, 111 14 Utica, Minn....*. 99 Vail, la 23 Vancouvers Island, B. C 35 Vaiulyne, Wis 61 Vermillion, Dak 24, 25 Verona, Wis 79 Victor, la 19 Victoria, B. C 35,40 Vinton, la 19 Viola, la 19 VirL'inia City, Mont 34 Virginia City, Nev 35 Viroqua. Wis 97 Volga City, la 16 Wadsworth, Nev 35 PLACE AND STATE. PAOB Walden,Ia 17 Wallace. Mich 6» Walla Walla, Wash. Ter 40 Wallula, W. T 40 Wall Lake, la 22 Walnut Grove, Minn 102 Waltbam, la 19 Warren, 111 13,44 Waseca, Minn 100 Watab, Minn 96 Waterloo, la 19 AVaterloo, Wis 56 Waterman's Mills, 111 44 Watertown, Wis 56 Watkins, la 19 Wauconda, 111 51 Waukegan, 111 105 Waukesha, Wis .55 Waunakee, Wis 80 Waupacca, Wis 63 Waupeton, la 16 Waupun, Wis 56 Waiisau, Wis 66 Wayne, HI 42 Wayne Centre. Ill 42 Waj'zuta, Minn 94 Webster City, la 19 Wells, Minn 16 Welton, Iowa 16 Wenona, III 13 West Bend, Wis 112 West Menasha, Wis 63 West Pensaukee, W.9 67 West Point, Neb 24, 29 West Rapids, la 19 West Salem, Wis 97 West Side, la 22 West Cnion, la. 19 Wevauwuiia, Wis 62, 63 Wheaton.'^Ill 10 Wheatland, la 16 Wheeling. Ill 50 Whitewaler, Wis 55 White Hear Lake, Minn 91 WhitiuiT, la 24 Wilmar, Minn 94 Wilmette, 111 104 Wilmot, Wis 116 WilroM, la 17 Wilton. Wis. .. 96 Winlield, 111 10 Winnebago, III.. 43 Winnebajo, Minn 16 Winneconue, Wis 56, 62 Winnemucci. Nev 35 Winnepe'.;, Manitoba 93 Winnetka. Ill '. .. 104 Winona, Minn 98 Winona Junction, Wis 97 Wisconsin Valley June, Wis. 86 Wisner, Neb 24,29 Wono woe. Wis ... 85 Woodbine, la 23 Woodside, Wis 88 Woodstock. Ill .52 Woortworrh, Wis 116 Worcester, Wis 63 Worthin^'Ion, Minn 101 Wrightstown. Wis 65 Wyoming, la 17, 4f Wyoming, Minn 91 Yankton. Dak 24,25 Yellow Creek. Ill 44 Yellow Medicine. Minn 94 Yokohama, Japan 35 Young America, Wis 118 Zambro. Minn 99 Zwiugle, la 41 The Chicago & North- Western Railway. WHERE IT IS, AND WHAT IT IS. HISTORICAL. We do not propose to trouble you much with figures, but merely give you at this time the mileage owned and operated exclusively by this Company, and the mileage owned and operated entirely or mainly by this Company. Lines oicned and controlled or operated, cxclusiwly by tliis Company. Belvldere to Winona, via Madison and Elroy.. 227.00 Kenoslia to Rockford 7a. 10 Mllwauliee to Fond da L.ac ^62.63 Winona to Lake Kampeslsd, Dak T&i.li Menominee Klver Junciion to Quinnesec — 24.71 Maple Klver Junction to Mapleton, la 60. lo Wall Lake, la., to Sac City, la Vi.li Rochester, Minn., to Zumbrota 25.71 Eyota, Minn., to Plalnview IS. 00 Eyota to Chatfield 12.30 Sleepy Eye, Minn., to Redwood Falls 25.89 Tracy to Volga, Dak - 'iiOO Total Miles 2,339.24 Chicago via Clinton to Missoari River 491.00 Chicago to Freepoit 121.00 Chicago to Milwaukee 85 110 Chicago Cut off and Branches 9.70 Chicago 10 Lake Superior, Including Branches. 464 . 1 Sheboygan to Princeton 7.-*. 40 Stanwood to Tipttn 8.50 Clinton, la, to Anamosa 71.10 Tama to Garwin, la 11.16 Des Moines Division 58.00 Elgin to Lske Geneva 45.00 Geneva to St. Charles 2.40 Geneva to Batavia 3.20 Routes owned and operated entirely or mainly by this Company. Council Bluffs and California Line 4S2 St. Paul Line, (Elroy houte) 409 Green Bay and Lake Superior Line 4;0 Elroy, Winona and Lake Kampeska Line 623 Slou.\ City and Tankton Line 603 Dubuque and La Crosse (via Clinton) Line — 315 Freeport Line ji Milwaukee Line °5 Milwaukee and Fond du Lac Line 6d Lake Geneva Line 85 Clinton and Anamosa 72 Kenosha and Kociiford Line. 72 fcttinwood and Tipton Railroad 9 Geneva and Ht. Charles Line .. 3 Geneva and Batavia Line 2 Chicago "Cutoff" and Branches IP Onalaska to La Crosse 6 Maple River Railway *0 Menominee River Railway f2 Total Miles 3,52S We wish to describe to you the commencement, growth, and present status of the Company, and give you short descriptions of the country, cities, towns, villages and stations it passes through, and to note in passing any special items that may be thought of interest to those not fully familiar with our great Western land. This Company owns and operates — First — The shortest, oldest and best line between Chicago and Council Bluffs and Omaha, and the first that formed a connection with the Union Pacific for Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, California, Oregon, and the Pacific Coast. This is known as the Omaha and Califortked for the wild lands of the farther West. West of Boone county, Iowa, the Iowa Railroad Land Company own large bodies of very fine land that they sell at prices ranging from $5 to $15 per acre. The Chicago «fe North- Western Railway Co. has not any lands for sale in Illinois, nor in Iowa. This line forms junctions with other railroads in Illinois as follows: At Junc- tion, with branch of Chicago, Burlington &, Quincj'; at Cortland, with Cortland & Sycamore; at Rochelle, with Chicago & Iowa ; at Dixon, with Illinois Central; at Sterling, with Rockford & St. Louis; and at Fulton, with Western Union. In Iowa the junctions are at Clinton, with Chicago, Clinton & Dubuque; at De Witt and Wheatland, with the Davenport & St. Paul ; at Stanwood, with Stanwood & Tip- ton ; at Cedar Rapids, with Dubuque Southwestern, and Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota; at Tama, with Toledo & North- Western; at Marshalltown, with Central Railroad of Iowa; at Ames, with Des Moines & Minnesota; at Grand Junction, with Des Moines & Fort Dodge; at Missouri Valley, with Sioux City & Pacific; at Coun- cil Bluffs, with Kansas City, St. Joe and Council Bluffs; and at Omaha, with the Union Pacific, the Burlington & Missouri River, and the Omaha & North-Western. These numerous connecting lines give to this great route facilities for reaching all parts of the countr}' north, south and west of its own line. With all of these lines friendl}'^ relations exist, and over them we dail}' send and receive both passengers and freight. From our ticketing stations, and from all prominent ticket agencies in all parts of the country, through coupon tickets over our line and via the junctions above named, can be procured to nearly all the stations on the roads above named. It may not be unprofitable to say here that if you are going to Galena, Dubuque, Prairie du Chien, La Crosse, Waterloo, Austin, Mason City, Des Moines, Ackley, Fort Dodge, Sioux City, Yankton, Blair or Wisner, j^our interests will be best served by using this line of The Chicago & North-Western Railway. If Council Bluffs or Omaha is your destination, you should certainly choose this route, as it is the i^hortest and hence the quickest, and is by all odds the most pleasant, as far as the country it passes through, or as to its equipment of cars, coaches, Pullman Hotel Car.% {(ind hire we ■will sut/ that tJtis is the only line runnimj Pulbiuui Hotel Cars ' in ichich ladies and children can be isolated and free from the annoyance of homing other 'paHnengers in the same compartment between Chicago and Omaha. This is an important fact to be remembered by those who desire drawing rooms in Hotel Cars.) This line is of steel rail, was the first to reach Council Bluffs and Omaha from Chi- cago, and the first to contract passengers and freight from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Lincoln, Neb., Cheyenne, Wy., Denver, Col, Salt Lake City, Utah, Carson and Virginia City, Nev., Sacramento, The Yo Semite, The Geysers, The Big Tree Groves, San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., and all points on the Pacific Coast, as well as the ports of the Pacific, such as Yokohama and Nagasaki, in Japan, Hong The Chicago & North-Western Railway. Kong and Shanghai, in China, Melbourne, Adelaide and Sidney, in Australia, and Auckland, in New Zealand, are all reached by passing over this line, and in all these places this Company sustains some form of agency, at which the public can always get full and reliable information, by simply applying for it. No preconceived notions, the stories of pretended travelers, or the paid emissaries of hostile lines, should be allowed to divert your attention from this line if you propose to travel between the East and the West. At our Pacific Coast Agency, 121 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, Cal., at all times can be found gentlemen in the emploj^ of this Company who are full}' com- petent and willing to render Trans-Continental travelers any assistance or information they may desire. At our General Eastern Agency, 415 Broadway, New York City, and at our New England Agency, 5 State Street, Boston, Mass., as well as at all the leading Ticket Agencies in the East and West, full and reliable information can be procured by simply asking for it. ON THE ROUTE WESTWARD, VIA THE GALENA DIVISION. Leaving Chicago, from the Wells Street depot of The Chicago & North-Westem Railway, and running through Cook and Du Page counties, and almost to the east line of Kane county, to Junction, (Turner Junction), you pass through a succession of towns and villages that are not improperly called suburban to Chicago, for the larger proportion of their citizens are engaged in business in Chicago, while having their homes at these stations. To all of them " Commutation " tickets are sold, and sub- urban trains are run almost hourly each day. Below will be found the rates of fare charged (April 1 5, 1876) to these points, and to a few points beyond that are also reached by suburban trains : 5 1 8 1 5 BETWBKN AND 55 a -o 5 a, 3 2^ 2 is < si 1^ i a West 40th Street .15 .20 .25 28 .30 .35 38 40 55 .70 SO .85 .95 1.05 1.25 1.20 l.f.O 1.80 2.05 2.30 2.60 2.75 8.05 4.20 5.30 5.95 6.60 7.30 7.95 9.40 2.80 3.40 4.00 4'iO 5.20 5.90 6.30 6.83 9.50 12.00 13..50 15 00 16.50 1800 21.30 6.50 7.20 7.20 9.30 11.00 12 50 13.00 14.25 18.00 21.50 23.50 24.H0 27.50 8000 85.50 3 3 3 3 3 5 38.00 42 00 48.00 55 CO 60.ai 65.(10 68.00 71.50 75.00 80.00 85 (X) 90.00 95.00 100.00 110.00 23.00 25.00 29.00 33.00 86.00 39.00 41.00 42.50 45.00 48.00 51.00 54.00 57 00 60.00 66.00 1800 5 g West 48th Street . . 20 00 6 7 22 00 7 7 25 00 8 6 Oak Park 27 00 9.8 10.4 11 4 Klver Forest Maywood 29.00 31.00 82.60 16 8 81 00 20 36.00 32 5 Prospect Park. ., 38 00 24 9 41.00 27 5 Wlnfleld 43.00 SO.O 45.00 85 5 Geneva 50.00 88.0 88.0 St. Charles Batavla 1.25 1.30 9.40 9.40 21. .SO 21.30 85.50 85.50 5 5 1111.00 110.00 66 00 66.00 50.00 50.00 35 3 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.45 1.60 9.35 9.80 9.H5 11.75 13.25 21.20 21 ..W 21 ^•0 25.50 80 00 84.00 34.50 35 00 42. SO 50.00 5 5 6 6 6 89 2 Clinton vllle 42.5 47.5 Elpin 52.8 Algonquin In many of these points more or less manufacturing is carried on, but in the larger part of them very little business is done, and they may be called residence towns. 10 The North and West Illustrated. After leaving the last " city" station you reach Anstin, 7 milefs from Chicago, pop. 1,500. RIdgfelaiid, 8 miles from Cliicau'o, pop. 200. Oak Park, 9 mil<,'i* from Chicago, pop. 3,000. River Forest, 9i miles from Chicago; a new "eubnrban " station. Maywooil, 10 miles from Chicago. A pleasant villa'4e of 1,000 people on the Desplaines river. The town is located on ground 30 feet above the river, and 70 feet above Lake Michigan. It was laid out in 1869, and now has over 300 residences in It. It has a good hotel, four public schools, five churches, and a fine public hall, in which are held the meetings of the Maywood Library Association. No spirituous liquors are allowed to be sold in or within one mile of the town. A fine rock road runs through the village and to Chicago. Melroso, 11 miles from Chicago, is a new station. Klniliurst, 16 miles from Chicago. This place was until recently called Cottage Hill, and in the old •■ stage days " was a station on the route to the Galena Lead Mines, and to the Mississippi river. It stands on high rolling prairie, 106 feet above Lake Michigan, and is one of the best and easiest drained towns near Chicago, thus having secured to It for all time one of the most important ele- ments conducive of public health. It has several good public graded schools, and some well con- ducted and prosperous private schools. The Evan- gelical Lutheran Church has a college under the presidency of the Rev. P. F. Mensch located here. It has three churches. Its streets and avenues are well graded, and range in width from 80 to 100 feet. Population about 750. Addison, a town of 500 people, and the seat of a Lutlieran College having 200 students, is 3 miles north, and is tributary to and reached by stage daily from Elmhurst. Lombard, 20 miles from Chicago, is a pretty village of 500 people. It has one public school, one church, and a public hall that cost $2,000. Prospect Park, 23 miles from Chicago, is emi- nently a suburban town. It has one public (High) school, and one hotel kept by John Groof, and at $1.50 per day or $.4 per week, can accommodate 100 guests. I'opulation about 500. Wheaton, 24 miles from Chicago. A thriving village of 1,500 people, (county seat of Du Page county, county organized 1839, population 19,000) situated on high rolling prairie, surrounded by a fine farming and grazing country. It has 7 churches, a good graded school, and the court house and other county buildings. It is the seat of Wheaton College, which stands on elevated ground on the north side of the railroad, has 200 stu- dents, is in a nourishing condition, and amongst the educational institutions of the West, holds no second place. WlnJield, 28 miles from Chicago— formerly called Fredericksburg— is a thrifty suburban village of 400 people. It is growing;, and is in every way a desirable home for the tired business man. Junction, 30 miles from Chicago, and at the weet end of the double track of the Qalena Division. The corporate name of the village and the official name of the Post Office is Tui'iier, named for J. B. Tamer, who laid out the first town plat m 1856. It has a population of 1,500, four churches, one good public school, occupying a brick house that coet $25,000, and three hotels— The Junction House, The Turner House, and the Raiboad House, charging $2 per day for very excel- lent accommodations. This line of railroad reached "The Junction" in 1849, and for months thereafter the farmers of this part of Du Page county were prophesying that the road must become bankrupt, for "it can never compete with Frink & Walker's line of stages. It will take but a few months to demonstrate that the scheme must fail." So they argued and so they believed. From this point " The Freeport Line " and " The Fox River Branch " of the C. & N.-W. Ry. diverge northwardly, and from here is a short line of rail- road that runs southwardly to Aurora. At Junction the C. & N.-W. Ry. Co. has a repair shop and a mill for re-rolling and repairing iron and steel rails. (reneva, 36 miles from Chicago. We have now passed out of Du Page and into Kane county. This county was first settled by Col. N. Lyon, in June,' 1833, while the Pottawatomie Indians still held possession of the land, (they were removed in 1835 by Capt. C. B. Dodson), and the Colonel is still a citizen of the county. The county was organized ir. 1836; the first church and Sunday school started, (at Batavia), n; the first post office established (at Harrington" Lord, now La Fox) in 1835. The first court in f. county was held in a log house (also uscJ as church and school house for years) on the bank of Fox river, in the homestead of the Har- rington family, who are still residing there, and are amongst the leading and most respected citizens of the county. The present population of the county is not far from 50,000. Geneva, the county seat, is built on terraces on both sides of Fox river, which is well stocked with black bass, pickerel, pike, sun, and other fish. * It has over 2,000 popula- tion, seven churches, a school house built of cut stone, costing $25,000, and accommodating 500 pupils; two flour mills, one machine shop, employ- ing over 100 men; jute, cheese and butter factories, and some other manufacturing interests. Its best hotel is The Union House, which can accommodate 100 guests at $2 per day. Its public hall will seat 500 persons, and its court house, which is of brick, and was built in 1856. cost $60,000. The surrounding country is rolling, and is about equally divided between "prairie" and "timber." The county affords fine shooting in season. Prai- rie chickens, quail, woodcock, partridge, and other game abound.* NehorVg Lake, Johnson's Mound, and Ilarrinrjton's Inland are popular resorts from 1 to 7 miles from the village. St. Charles, 38 miles from Chicago. While not directly on the Omaha and California Line of this road, it is eo jiear, and the branch line reaching it ♦In giving the names of birds and fishes that are found along this line, we would explain that the names given are " local," and are not scientifically correct. For instance, the text may say "part- ridge." " pheasant," and " grouse," while the birds are really (piMil. ruffled and pinnated grouse. The " local "names are those given by our agents, or by hunters and fishermen of the vicinity. The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 11 is BO short, that we give its descriptioB, as we do that of Batavia, which is similarly situated in con- nection with the route now under advisement. From Geneva two short lines of road are owned by this Company ; the one runs from Geneva north 2)^ miles to St. Charles, and the other runs south 2 miles to Batavia. They are operated as the Batavia and St. Charles Branches. St. Charles, with a popu- lation of over 3,000, is situate on both sides of Fox river and is picturesquely located on the gently ris- ing banks or bluffs of the stream. It has two good schools, with 200 students; six churches; a paper mill, manufacturing 1,500,000 lbs. yearly; a cheese factory, making 600,000 lbs. yearly; a foundry, em- ploying 60 men, and several flour mills. The Ma- lory House is kept by D. B. Malory, who charges $1.50 per day. The town was first settled in 1833, and the first newspaper published in Kane county ^ miles dis- tant on Elkhorn creek; it has flour mills, a woolen factory, and one church. Round (irove, 11'.) miles from Chicago, is built on the prairie, .3>^ miles from Hock river, and has one school, one church, and one co-operative butter factory. .\t thi^ i)oint was erected the lir.-it saw- mill built in Whiteside county. Morrison, 119 miles from Chicago. This is the county seat of Whiteside county, which was or- ganized in 1839, and now has a population of over 35,000 souls. The county court house is a flue building, and cost $250,000 in 18W. The city has a population of 3,000. It was named after a Charles Morrison, of New York city ; was laid out Fulton Junction, 135 miles from Chicago. At this point we reach and cross the West?:kn I'niow Railroad. By this connection we can reach Al- bany, Cordova, Port Byron, Han nl on, Moline and Jiock Island, south, »ud Savanna, Mount Carroll, Lanark, and Shannon, north. All trains make close connections here at a union depot. Fulton, 136 miles from Chicago. This city, with a population of 2,500, is on the east bank of the Mis- sissippi river. Itis theseat of the Northern Illinois College, occupying buildings that coft $100,000, and having 125 students. The city is well built, on a commanding ])osition on the blufl°s ; has fine schools, with an average attendance of 500 scholars; five churches; and two saw-mills, making each 3,000,000 feet of lumber, and employing 60 men» yearly. The Juuction House, by Mrs. R. S. Sayre, has rooms for 75 guests ; The Union House, by F. Marceiius, accommodates 40, and The Revere,, by J. C. Kilgore, 65 persons, at $2 per diem. The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 15 ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI. One hundred and thirty-seven miles west of Chicago, we reach the Mississippi river, and cross it on a magnificent iron bridge, owned and used exclusively by this railway company. This was the second bridge that was completed across this river, and to-day stands unsurpassed for beauty, strength and permanency. Its length is 4,219 feet, and it has nine iron spans over west channel, and three iron spans and a "draw " over main channel. The original bridge was of wood, was built in 1865, and has since been rebuilt of iron, the American Bridge Co. building three spans and the draw, and the Detroit, Keystone and Phcenixville Bridge Companies each building two spans. Clinton, 138 miles Irom Chicago. This city, with its 11,000 people, is located on the west bank of the Mississippi river, at the west end of the bridge. The Iowa Railroad Land Company owned the ground on which the city is built, and desiring to have a town built at the most easterly point of their possessions, in 1855 laid out the present city of Clinton. Thecompany built a church, a school house, and a "tavern," and since then the entire city has grown up around that nucleus. No city in the country is more indebted to railroads than Clinton. It has been built up by the influence "^ of this railway, and by the facil- ities it offered to trade. Few cities anywhere, and certainly none in Iowa, control as large influence in the State as is done by this city. Its trade is im- mense, and is fast increasing, lumber and agricultural imple- ments being leading staples in the city's trade. Its manufac- turing interests are large. It has four banks, ten hotels, twelve churches, five ward schools, a high school, a fine masonic hall, an odd fellows' hall, a driving park, two public city parks, gas and water works, efiicient fire and police departments, a fine turner hall, county court house, etc. Its streets are wide, well paved as a rule, and shaded with orna- mental trees. Within the city limits are fine stone quarries, giving excellent building stone. Its THE CHICAGO, DUBUQUE <& LA CROSSE LINE. It will be observed, by examining our maps, that we show a line to Dubuque and La Crosse, via Clinton. While the Chicago & North-Western Railway Co. does not own the line north of Clinton, yet we give to and receive from that line a large trade, and it forms the northern end of the line named above. It runs along the west bank of the Mis.sissippi river, and within a stone's throw of it most of the way. A more pleasurable trip cannot be taken than one along this line in the summer season. Start- ing northward from Clinton it passes through Lyons, Snbula, a thriving village of Clinton, Iowa— From the Bluffs. " Press " takes a leading position not only in the State but in adjoining Sta'cs. Taken all in all, it will be difficult to find a more attractive, driving, thoroughly go-ahead city. The Chicago & North- Western Railway Co. have large repair and machine shops, and the office of the Superintendent of the Iowa Division here. The North and West Illustrated. 1,100 people; BcUevue, with 2,000 inhabitants; Dubuque, the northern "gate city" of Iowa, with its 22,000 people ; iSj>echt's Ferry, with 1,000 population ; Bv^na Vinta, population 500; (near here a branch line runs westward, and passes through JS'iA7'or<, with 1,200 people; Litileport, with 200 ; and Volya City, with 1,500; and through several smaller villages) ; Guttenbeig, with 1,500 inhabitants; Clayton, with 1,100; McGregor a.u6. NortJi. McGregor, with 5,000 inhabitants, (connected with Prairie du Chien by bridge and ferry); Uarpei-'s Ferry, with 500; Lansing, with 3,000 inhabitants; BroimviUe, with 700 people ; and to La Crosse {La Crescent), where a junction is formed with The Southern Minnesota Railroad. B}' this connection we have access to and from the towns along that line. Beside pass- ing through smaller places, it runs through Ilokah, with 950 ; Houston, with 1,000; RusJiford, with 3,000; Lanesboro, with l,n00; Spring VaUey, with 1,500; Ramsey, an important junction (the crossing of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway) ; Albert Lea, with 3,000; Alden, 800; Welh, w ith 1,500; Belavan, 900; and to Winnebago, 170 miles west of La Crescent, with its 3,000 people. This line runs through the great wheat region of Minnesota, and transports nearly one-third of the entire wheat yield of the State. STILL WESTWARD. Returning to Clinton after our trip over the Chicago, Clinton & Dubuque, Chicago, Dubuque & Minnesota, and Southern Minnesota Railroads, or if we continued west- ward without having left the train at Clinton, w-e next reach Camanrhe, 143 miles from Chicago. The city of sanu' name is one mile from the station, is on the west bank of the Mississippi river, and opposite tlie month of the Meredosia river, of Illinois. This 'flst named river has large meadows or dry marshes (if they may be so named) extending for many miles along either bank, and furnishing the best dnck, geese, brant and crane shooting that can be found in the West. Thousands of these birds are ehot here every season, and hundreds of sportsmen visit these grounds from all [/arts of the country. Camanche furnishes many of the "outfits" for these hunting parties. In this city of 1,000 people, are large steam saw mills, one flour mill, three cliurches, several good schools and The New Haven Hotel, kept by P. Anthony, who charges $2.00 per day. On the east hank of the Mississippi river are many Indian mounds. Low Moor, 1-18 miles west of Chicago. This town, pop. 500, was laid out in 18.58. It is 4 miles north of the Wapsipinicon river, a stream noted for Its most excellent shooting. Ducks, geese, and brant abound on the rivei" and in the bayous setting into It. Snipe, several varieties, woodcock, prairie chicken and quail are found iu countless numbers along its banks. In the village is one wagon fac- tory, one clnirch, one school house, and one hotel, by J. E. Mudgett, who charges $1.50 per day. Elnra, a village of 30O people, having one hotel and two churches, is 4 miles north, and is reached by mail stage three times weekly. Malone, 152 miles west of Chicago. De Witt, 157 miles west of Chicago, has a popula- tion of 2..j(X). It is well built, on a prairie sloping towards the south, and surrounded by groves ; has good graded schools, one occupying a building that cost $28,000, and that seats 600 pupils; aeon- vent and school of the " Sisters of the Sacred Heart"; a town hall, costing $12,000; court house, costing $12,000; masonic and odd fellows' halls, cost- ing $5,000 each; one good newspaper, and several large manufacturing concerns, amongst which those of T. F. Butterfleld and A. B. Cnmmings employ 75 men each. The Gates House, by J. M. Gates, has 60 rooms, and charges $2 per day. Within two miles of this station are five hominy mills, manu- facturing over 500 barrels of hominy per day. At this point we cross the Maquoketa branch of the Davenport & St. Paul Railway, which line gives us connections for Long Grore. Eldridge and Dao- enport in the south, and Welfon, Ddmar and Maquokelain the north. At Wheatland we croes another branch of this road. Grand Mound, 163 miles west of Chicago. This village, of 2,50 people, is built on a high monnd (hence its name), from whence the surrounding prairie can be seen for many miles in every direc- lion. It is in one of the best farming regions In the State. Wild laud is selling for from $25 to $50 per acre. The village has one school, one church and two fair hotels. Large shipments of hogs and cattle are made from this station. Calamus, 169 miles from Chicago. It has popu- lation of 500 ; was incorporated in 1875 ; has one church and one pood school. The land surround wz the village is somewhat sandy, but is very pro- lific. Wheatland, 173 miles west of Chicago. This station, with population of 1,500, is near the Wapsi- pinicon river, and many sportsmen come here to shoot ducks, geese, snipe and woodcock, and to fish for the many varieties of fish with which the The Chicago & Noeth-Western Railway. 17 jiver is stocked. It has a fair hotel. The Wheat land House, by E. M. Tucker, accommodating 50 guests, at $2 per day. At this point we make con- nections with the Davenport & St. Paul Rail- way, for Toronto, Oxford Mills, Wyoming, Mon- ticello, Ilopklnfon, Delhi, Delaivare and Fayette in the north, and for Eldridge and Davenport in the south. The passenger trains make close connec- tions here. lioudon, 178 miles from Chicago. Wo have now passed over into Cedar county, and are, by stage, 16 miles from Tipton, the county seat. (See Tip- ton.) Loudon has 900 inhabitants, and is one of the regular "dining stations"' of this line. It is four miles from the " Wapsie " river, and is surrounded by fine stock and gra'n farms. It has two schools, three churches, one grain elevator, four public halls, and many good business houses. The Railroad House, by Raymond & Risley, is at the depot, and is very popular with the traveling public. The St. Cloud is a good hotel, by C. W. Hassett; charges, $1.50 per day. Hock, 10 miles south, and Masillon and Toronto, each five miles northwardly, are reached by stage. Clarence, 185 miles from Chicago, has a popu- lation of 1,000 persons, most of whom are from 2^evv England. The town is built on ground some- what elevated, and has wide, clean streets. It has one graded school, four churches, one flour mill, two hotels, several grain warehouses. Many fine horses are raised in the vicinity, and several Bos- ton, Mass., horse buyers, make this their head- quarters. Stan wood, 190 miles from Chicago. This sta- tion was opened in 1869; the town laid out by Mal- ley & Preston, and named after H. P. Stanwood, the then Superintendent of the Iowa Division of this road. The village has a population of 400, and Is surrounded by most excellent farming and graz- ing land. It has a good school, four hotels— The Houghton House being the best; two churches, and a grain elevator. An artesian well, 112 feet deep, and throwing the water 60 feet in heiglit, supplies the village with good pure water. Fine building stone is quarried a few miles off. At this point the Stan- wood & Tipton Railway (owned by this Com- pany,) branches off the main road and runs eight miles south-east to Tipton. Passenger trains run between Stanwood and Tipton, and connect with all the passenger trains of the main road. Walden, 194 miles from Chicago, is four miles south of Stanwood, on the Stanwood and Tipton branch. Is an unimportant stopping place. Tipton, 198 miles from Chicago, is at the south- em terminus of the Stanwood & Tipton Railroad, and is the county seat of Cedar county. Cedar county was organized In 1837, in what was then part of the territory of Wisconsin. The early set- tlers were from Ohio, Pennsylvania and New Eng- land, and the county yet bears many marks of the enterprise and intelligence of these pioneers. The county has over 25,000 people, and last year sold over .3,00<1,000 bushels of corn, 700,000 of wheat, 700,000 of oats, 200,000 of barley, and 60,000 hogs. The court house, that cost $45,000, was built m 1860. The city of Tipton was laid out in 1840, and incorporated in 1857. Ii nns 2,000 population, a fine city hall, that cost, in 1873, $20,000 ; several good schools, a ladies' seminary. The Fleming Hotel, by Mrs. C. Fleming, with 30 rooms, at $1 per day, and The City Hotel, by — Miller, with 25 rooms, at $1 per day. W. H. Tuthill has =.i this town a private library containing over 5,000 volumes. WiWoft, 15 miles south, and Rochester, 7 miles dis- tant, are reached, daily, by stage. Several rail- roads have been projected and graded through Tipton, but excepting the Stanwood & Tipton Railway, none have been completed. The suiface of Cedar county is rolling, and is about evenly di- vided between prairie and timber. The Cedar river and several small tributaries run through the county, giving the citizens fine water power, and togelher with the fine grasses native in the county, renderitoue of the best dairy and stock counties there is in the State of lowa. Mechanicsville, 195 miles from Chicago. Re- turning to the main road again, we find this pleas- ant village of 1,500 people, built on a long ridge of elevated ground parallel with the railroad ; the main street, over one mile long, follows this ridge. Before the railroad was built, a village called Iroquois had been started here, and to-day many of the citizens "stick to "the old name. The fair grounds of the District Agricultural Society of Cedar, Jones, Linn and Johnston counties, are located here The village has two schools, one occupying a house that cost $15,000, four churches, twelve stores, three grain elevators, " The Pioneer" holding 30,000 bushels. The City Hotel, by H. T. Williams, has 30 rooms, and charges $2 per day. Cedar Blvffs, 10 miles south, and Gotver's Ferry, 7 miles north, are post villages tributary to and reached by stage from this station. A semi-weekly stage also runs to Iowa City, Liisbon, 202 miles west of Chicago, is a village in Linn county, of 900 people, built in the centre of a rich and thickly settled prairie, where land is selling from $40 to $75 per acre. The village is half a mile from station, which is reached by plank road and wooden sidewalks. It has one school, with five teachers, five churches, one public hall, several brick blocks, one of which is owned and occupied by the First National bank, and which would be called a fine building even in Chicago, and an agri- cultural implement factory, making Kynes' Com Planter a ..pecialty. The City, Clifton and Kailroad are the principal hotels. At this station the railroad company have constantly stored about 10,000 tona of coal. Mount Vernon, 203 miles from Chicago. This village has a resident population of 1,200 people. It is built on ground elevated above the railway some 80 feet, and being in the best wooded portion of Iowa, enjoys immunity from the bleak winds and storms that afflict many other neighlMirhoods. It has two churches, a large woolen factory, and several good schools, but the "lion " and pride of the town and vicinity is " The Cornell College," (see cut), which was named after W. W. Cornell, of New York City. The cullege buildings are built in the centre of a tract of 30 acreB,of which one-fourth is forest ; from the roof of the buildings the adjoining country lor .30 or 40 miles around can be seen with its towns and villages. The college has 20 profefr 18 The North and West Illustrated. sore and over 500 etudents; the buildings are ht'ng enlarged to accommodate 1,000 pupils. It has a military depurtmuut, presided over by a regular army otlUer. detailed by the War Department for this piirpost. Tlie United Slates has furnished arms for llie students, and a battery of artillery for drill. The chapel was built by the Iowa Methodist Conference when the instilutiou was called " The Iowa Conference Seminary." ■Bertram, 210 miles from Chicago, Is a village of 200 i)L'Oi)le; it is built on nearly level prairie, but is surrounded by high and somewhat broken ground. It has one school, one church, and a saw and flour mill. It needs a grain buyer. The Ameri- can House, by II. A. Herry, with 10 rooms, at $1 per day, accommodates the transient guests. Linn County. We have, since we passed Lis- The Chapel, Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, Iowa. bon, been in Linn county. It was organized in 1837, when Iowa was yet a portion of Wisconsin Territory, and was named after U. S. Senator Lewis Linn, of Missouri. The county seat is at Marion, 5 miles northw<5st of Cedar Rapids. Population in 1875, 37,000. The county contains 460,000 acres of land, of which 195,000 acres were covered with heavy oak, walnut, maple, and other hard timber. 240,000 acres in the county are cultivated, and last year produced 5,2.')0,G00 bushels of grain. Linn county was celebrated in " Indian days," and many legends are told about it. Of these one in regard to the Kapids, now Cedar Rajiida City, has been IH' incorporated, has gas works, three large bride school houses, seven churches, two flour mills, a chair factory, a linseed oil mill, a steam printing oflice, and two banks. The Boardman, Williard, Bowler, City, Central, and American hotels together can accommodate ijOO guests. Their rates vary from $1 to $2.50 per day. Grundij Centre, 21 miles north, and Newton, 30 miles south, can be reached, weekly, by stage; fare to the first, $1.50, and to the last, $2.00. TUE CENTRAL RAILROAD OF IOWA: At this point we cross The Central Railroad of Iowa, and it gives us direct connection.s for Liscomb, Union, Eldora, Steamboat Rock, Acklei/, Hampton, Mason City and North Wood, north of Marshalltown, and Grinncll, Neir Sharon, Oskalooaa, Eddijville, Ottumtm, Albia, etc., in the south. Passengers for any of the points here named should procure their tickets by the Chicago & North-Western Railway and the Central Railroad of Iowa, but failing to be able to procure through tickets, they should buy to Marshalltown, via C. & N.-W. Ry., and here they can buy tickets to their destinations. La MolUe, 296 miles from Chicago. State Cen;^'-e, 303 miles west of Chicago. A pleasant village of 1,000 people, built on the prai- rie. It has good schools, a growing trade with the surrounding county, and bids fair to be an impor- tant inland town. EllenvUle Is 7 miles distant, and reached by stage. All kinds of feathered game abound in this vicinity. Colo, 311 miles from Chicago. Nevada, 318 miles west of Chicago. This is the county seat of Story county, and has a population of 1,500 persons. Story county is in the geographi- cal centre of the State; it was organized in 1853, and Nevada made the county seat in the same year. The first white settler located in 1848. The surface of county is undulating, the northern and central portions being prairie, and the southern heavily timbered. Coal is found in considerable beds, The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 21 but is not much mined. Nevada has one bank with $75,000 capital, one flour mill, two grain eleva- tors, a foundry, cheese factory, three churches, a school house that cost $17,000, and two newspapers. Three fair hotels accommodate transient guests — The Warring, Welton and Central, at $2 per day. Iowa Ctnlre, 12 miles, Cambridge, 15 miles. Story City, 18 miles, and Holland, 18 miles oflf, are reached by stages twice weekly. Ames, 326 miles from Chicago, pop. 1,500. One mile distant, is the seat of the Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm, situate in centre of 648 acres of land that were purchased for this purpose. It has a full corps of teachers, and is in a flourishing condition. Bunning south from Ames 37 miles, is THS DE8 MOINES <& MINNESOTA RAILROAD. This is a narrow (3i feet) gauge road, well built, and with first-class equipment. It runs through EeUy, pop. 250 — SheldaM, pop. 600 — Polk City, pop. 800 — Ankeny, pop. 200— Saylor, pop. 700, and other towns, to Des Moines, the capital of the State. The trains of this road make close connections at Ames with all of the passenger trains of the Chicago & North-Western Railway, giving us direct connections for De» Moines and the country beyond. Ontario, 330 miles west of Chicago. This village of 200 people was originally owned by Col. I. B. Howe, of Cliuton, and owing to various reasons, such as two fires, one in 1871 and a second in 1873, etc., has ne\er advanced very rapidly. It ia pleasantly located on elevated ground, and is sur- rounded by a fine farming country. Coal was dis- covered here in 1873, and there is now mined about 350 tons daily. No liquor is allowed to be sold in the village. It has two schools and two churches. Midway, 335 miles west of Ctiicago. A station without a town. Boone, 340 miles west of Chicago. This city, DOW having 3,500 people resident therein, is of barely ten years growth, it having been laid out by John I. Blair in 1866. It now has a high school, and two fine, brick, public school buildings, five churches, a city hall that cost $12,000, two steam flour mille, a woolen mill, furniture factory, a glove factory, foundry and machine shop, three banks, with an aggregate of capital amounting to $350,000, one (The Metropolitan) public ball, and four hotels, viz.. The Lincoln, Eagle, St. James, and American Exchange, which entertain gnests at from $1.50 to $2 per day. This railway company has a Round House holding twenty-nine engines, and a machine and repair ehops here, in which are constantly em- ployed a large force of skilled mechanics. Booneboro, the county seat of Boone county, ie one and a half miles west of Boone, and is connected by an hom-Iy omnibus line. This city was settled before the railroad was built through the county, and has a fine court house, four churches, several go«d schools, two banks, three hotels, three potter- ies, and some considerable manufacturing estab- liahmente. Swed4 Point, pop. 300, is 15 miles south, aud is reached by daily stage line. Bldgeport is 9 miles north, and is reached by tri-weekly stage line. Boone County is a good farming county, is well watered, and so liberally supplied with timber that firewood is " a drug in the markets " of Boone at $3.50 to $4 per cord. Immense beds of coal are found in many parts, and potters' clay, adapted for making stoneware and drain tile, is everywhere to be found oelow the deep rich black soil of the sur- face. Good building stone " crops out " along the watercourses, and Is largely quarried. The county watr organized in 1651, and now bai 19,000 popala- tion. The Des Moines river traverses the county from north to south, and secures perfect drainage for its entire surface. Moingona, 346 miles from Chicago, is on the Det Moines river, and is the centre of the coal mining region of Centrallowa. The Moingona Coal Co., and the North- Western Coal Co., each have three shafts, and together " take out " over six hundred tons of coa! daily. The population, of whom one- half are miner, ,, number about one thousand per- sons. The villatje has one school, two churchea, and two— The Moingona and The Yankee— hotels. Fare is fuiulsheo at $1.50 per day. Ogden, i'Z miles ^om Chicago, has population of about 400 persons. Beaver, 357 miles from Chicago. An unimpor- tant station. Grand Junction, 363 miles from Chicago. Still running nearly due west, we pass into Green county. The village has 450 people, one school, two churches, and two— The Ashley, by J. P. Guilick, and The St. l,ewis, by Jno. Allen— fair hotels, charging $2 per day. The village is built on rolling prairie. This station is of considerable importance, by reason of its being the point where we cross The Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad, that gives us close connections for Des Moines, south, and Fort Dodge,m the north. Passengers from the East or from the West should go to Grand Junc- tion, if destined for Port Dodge. New Jefferson, 370 miles from Chicago. We are now at the county seat of Green county. The Raccoon river runs diagonally across the county from its northwest to its southeast corners, thus thoroughly eupplyingthe entire county with unfail- ing water, as every few miles on either side of the main river are lateral streams that, fan shape, cover nearly every section of land in the county. Im- mediately adjoining New Jeli'erson are rich prairies. The village has 1,000 population, one public school occupying a building that cost $20,000, one select school or academy, four churches, two banks, a county court house that cost $40,000, and several coal mines. The Revere House, by Shercllff, and The Mansion, by C. T. Blake, funiish transient guests with good accommodations at $2 per day. Panora, 25 miles south. Is reached weekly by siage. Scranton. 379 miles west of Chicago, is three 22 The North and West Illustrated. miles south of Coon river, that furnishes most excellent fishing for pike, liass, pickerel, etc. The village hag about 400 population, one school, in house that cost 55,000, and one hotel— The Hunter House, by F. Foster, who charges $2 per day. Prairie chickens abound here. GHcl.len, 389 miles west of Chicago, has a popu- lation of 400, and is in the midst of one of the best shooting regions of Iowa. Two considerable rivers run within five miles, along the banks of which arc large tracts of timber, that are "full " •of deer, wild turkeys, ana other forest game, while The Head of the Boyer, near Dennlson, Iowa— page 23 (Engraved by J. H. Bnnd A Co., Chicag the contiguous prairies abound with prairie chick- | ens, snipe, woodcock, quail, and small game, and | the rivers, creeks, and bayous are full of ducks, geeee and brant. It has been called the " sports- man's paradise," and if numbers of birds, and great variety constitute such a place, it is not badly named. The village has a good school, one church, a public hall that will seat 300 persons, and two hotels— The Glidden Ilouee, by N. D. Thur- man, and The Dedrick, by J. C. Dedrick-both fur- nish excellent quarters, and abundant accommoda- tions for the sportsmen who frequent the village. Carroll, 396 miles west of Chicago. We have reached Carroll couuty, and And one of the fairest prairie counties that "the gun has shone on" In any State. Valleys and hills, covered with a dark, rich alluvial soil, produce grasses in uncqualed quantities, and of unsurpassed nutritionsness. It is eminently a grazing and corn-growing county, and with its neighbor(Crawford) on the west, offers unusual inducements to the emigrant from Europe or the East. Being a new county, much of the land is still unreclaimed prairie, nud can be bought at prices ranging from $5 to $ 10 per acre. The cHmate is salnbricus and healthful. Being in the great middle belt of Iowa, it does not suffer from the extremes of winter or of summer. The Iowa Rail- road Laild Company, of which mention has been made elsewhere, o\vns large bodies of this productive land, in all parts of this and several counties west thereof. This company offers rare inducements to the settler, sells the land at low rates and on long time, and aids the pur- chaser in every way possi- ble. No small inducement offered to the land buyer of this part of the State is the fact that he has a railroad at his door, double daily lines of palace cars to take him to Chicago, a daily mail, telegraph lines, and prompt and cheap carriage of his products to any mar- ket he may select. East Si(le,402 miles west j of Chicago. An unimpor- tant station, just east of the "Big Divide," or the elevated land dividing the wateiflow between the Mis- sissippi and Missouri rivers. Arcadia, 406 miles from Chicago, has a population of 350, and is on the " Big Divide," before named. The surrounding country is a vasttimberlessprairie. Wall Lake, a curiously walled body of water, is 12 miles northeast. The lake is 14 miles in circumference, and is entirely surrounded with a wall of rock that ap- pears as if placed there by human hands. Whence, why, when or how these rocks came, none know. AVest Side, 409 miles from Chicago. Here we find the streams run west, and find an outlet in the Missouri river. The county is well watered with many "spring" creeks, having dry banks and gravelly beds. Sloughs or bayous are not found in this vicinity. The farmer can plow close to the water's edge. West Side has 450 people, ie on the east branch of the Boyer river, and has one school, two grain elevators, one flour mill and one hotel, with .36 rooms. The land in this vicinity ifl being rapidly purchased by actual settlers. The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 23 Vail, 415 miles from Chicago. This station is in Crawford county, on a branch of the Boyer river, and has a population of 350 persons. The sur- rounding country is elevated, rolling prairie, and, unlike much table land, is productive to the high- est points of its hills. The celebrated and nutri- tious "blue stem, or joint grass," covers hill and valley alike, and is not unfrequently found growing to the height of four to sis feet. Deloit, a village that was laid out 25 years ago, is 7 miles northwest, and is reached by stage. Deunison, 424 miles west of Chicago. Rapidly descending the " Big Divide " we reach the beau- tiful valley of the main Boyer river, that has for 50 years been noted all over the Missouri Valley as being one of the most beautiful and pro- ductive valleys to be found in any country. Its blacli, rich soil is from four to sixteen feet deep, and is, apparently, inex- haustible in all the elements needed for the growth of all the grains #ind grasses. Den- nison is the county seat of Crawford county, has about 2,000 people,is growing rapidly, and is destined at no distant day to be a large city. It draws its trade from many miles north and south, for in neither direction is there a railroad for fully 60 miles. It has one good hotel. The Commercial. Dowville, 4:33 miles from Chicago. At Dennison the road corves southward, and from there to the Missouri river opposite Omaha, follows nearly a southwest course. The village of Dowville is new, and has about 200 inhabitants. It has a good school, with four religious sects worshiping in it on alternate Sundays, one flour mill, one grain elevator and two hotels— The Dowville House, by John Rounds, and The Wiggins House, by M. 6. Wiggins; they charge $1.2.5 per day for meals and lodging. The village is on the main Boyer river, and above all danger from overflow. Here the soil is of unu- sual fertility; seventy bushels of corn to the acre being a not uncommon crop. On the farm of S. E. Dow, which adjoins the village, in the fall of 1875, 30,000bushel8 of corn were harvested from 400 acres. Dnnlap, 441 miles from Chicago. This town, of 800 people, is in Harrison county, which was organ- ized in 1854, and has now about 13,000 population. The village was laid out in 1869, and named after George L. Dunlap, the then General Superintendent of the Chicago & North- Western R'y. The Boyer river is half a mile west of the village. A most excellent eating house is kept by Mrs. Pierce at the station. This house has become celebrated for its excellent meals all over the Great West, and not a few through passengers are attracted to this line by the fame of this dining station. Castana is a post village, 18 miles west, reached by stage. Woodbine, 451 miles from Chicago, is a village of 300 people situate on the edge of the great "Missouri Bottoms," as the wide vaUey of the Missouri river is familiarly called. .^-"-^./ V Sioux Falls, near Sioux Falls City, Dakota— page 24. L.ogan, 459 miles from Chicngo, is a flourishing village of 400 people, surrounded by rich valley prairie land. Missouri Valley Junction, 467 miles from Chicago. The place was formerly known as St. Johns, and was for a season the terminus of the road. It is of considerable importance by reason of its being the southeastern terminus of the Sioox City & Pacific Railroad. THE SIOUX CITY db PACIFIC RAILROAD. • This railway starts from Missouri Valley Junction, and runs north to Sioux City, 75 miles, and has a branch from California Junction to Fremont, on the Union Pacific Railroad, 47 miles west of Omaha, and another branch running from Fremont north- 24 The North and West Illustrated. west to Wisner. This line of railway forms the western link in our Sioux City & Yankton Line. Over this Hue Mondamin, River Sioux, Onawa, Sloan, SargenVa Bluffs, and Sioux Citi/, in Iowa; Blair, Fremont, West Point, Wisner, and other points in Nebraska, ajid, bj-^ its connection with the Dakota Southekn Railkoad, EUc Point, Vermillion and Yankton, are reached direct. California Junction, 6 miles from Missouri Valley. A village of 200 people, surrounded by a fine farming country. niodale, 11 miles from Missouri Valley, pop. 100. Has one hotel, one school house, and one church. Monduniin, 17 miles from Missouri Valley, has a population of 200, one school, one hotel, one church, and several good business houses. River Sioux, 24 miles from Missouri Valley. The village Little Sioux is l'/2 miles from the sta- tion, and has a population of 300. Tekamah and Argona are on the opposite side of the river, and distant 3 miles by ferry and stagft. Game abounds in this vicinity, deer being especially plentiful. This station was the first one opened (Oct. 1, 1867) on the Sioux City & Pacific R. R. Blencoe, 32 miles from Missouri Valley, is a non-important station. Onawa, 39 miles from Missouri Valley, is the county seat of Monona county, which was organized in 1854, and has a population of 6.000. A large proportion of the county is valley land, upwards of 165,000 acres being in the valley of the Missouri river. The eastern portion of the county, a high rolling prairie, is well watcre ' and drained by the Maple and Soldier rivers, anu >y Willow creek, which are bordered jy large bodies of timber. Onawa has a population of 900, and has one good school occupying a brick building which cost $25,000, three churches, two newspapers, and two hotels— The Western, by T. C. Walton, and The Onawa, by D. J. Rockwell— charges $2 per day. A stage leaves daily for Decatur, Neb., distint 12 miles, fare $1.50; and tri- weekly for Cast ana, Mapleton, Smithland, and Ida Grove, Iowa. Whitins, 47 miles from Missouri Valley. This is an unimportant station, and was named after S. C. Whiting, the first settler in this county. Sloan, 55 miles from Missouri Valley, Is in Woodbury county, one mile south of the county line; population 100; it has one school house and one hotel. The surrounding country is valley land, with an unusually deep and productive soil, Game is plentiful; prairie chickens, ducks, gfeese and quail are found at all seasons of the year. Deer are also found in considerable numbers. Smith,- land 18 on the Little tSioux river, 16 miles east. Oto is 20 miles east. Farming lands in this vicinity can be purchased from $5 to f 12 per acre. The reservations of the Omaha and Winnebago Indians are in Nebraska, opposite Sloan. The Ipdians at these reservations number about 3,500. Salix, 61 miles from Missouri Valley, is an unim- portant station, established in 1865. Sargent' 8 Blufl's, 68 miles from Missouri VaUey, is \)4 miles from Missouri river ; population, -300; it has two brick school houses, two churches and one hotel— The City, by J. A. Risley. The village is located on a bluff, and overlooks the Burroondliig country from 30 to 50 miles. Sioux City, 75 miles from Missouri Valley, ie the county seat of Woodbury county, %hich was organized in 1851 under the name of Wahkaw, which was changed to Woodbury in 1853. Popula- tion is 9,000. This county is well watered and drained by the Missouri, Big Sioux, Floyd, Little Sioux and Maple rivers. The streams abound with fish; and deer, turkeys, getse, ducks, quail and prairie chickens-are abundant. The Zona volcano, in Dixon county. Neb., is 25 miles distant, and ia reached by stage. Sioux Falls, on the BigSioox river, 80 miles north of Sioux City, and the famous pipestone quarries, are well worthy of a vi-it. Sioux City, with a population of 6,500, is pleasantly situ- ated on the Missouri river, immediately above the mouth of the Floyd, and two miles below the mouth of the Big Sioux. There are ten organized churches, two school buildings, costing $tJO,000, and three less expensive buildings, in which are employed upwards of 20 teachers. Its hotels are The Hubbard, St. Elmo and Depot, which can ac- commodate 300 guests, at |=2 per day. The Academy of Music, a fine brick building, will seat 1,000 per- sons, ar»:l cost f 15,000. Three newspapers are pub- lished here, and from this point stage lines are run daily through Covmgtun, Dakota Ci^j/, the Winne- bago and Omaha Indian agencies, Decatur, 7'eka- mah, to Herman. Neb., and semi-weekly for Cor- rectionvllle, Portlandville, and Sioux Falls City. THE DAKOTA SOUTHERN RAILROAD. The Dakota Southern Railroad starts from Siou.x City, Iowa, and enters the Terri- tory of Dakota at the extreme southeast corner, and runs through the flourishing counties of Union, Clay and Yankton to the city of Yankton, the capital of Dakota, where it connects with the Missouri River Transportation Co,'s line of steamers for the Upper Missouri. The Dakota Southern, in connection with this line of steamers, runs nearly diagonally through the territory to Fort Benton, Montana, and has opened to settlement a large part of the best country both in Dakota and Northern Nebraska. This steamboat line furnishes an outlet to the Yellowstone and Upper j\Iissouri. One of the shortest and best routes to the New Gold Fields of the Black Hills is by the The Chicago & North-Westekn Railway. 25 Dakota Southern Railroad to Yankton, the present terminus; thence by steamer up the Missouri river. Elk Point is 21 milts from Sioux City, is the county seat of Union county, and has 1,500 population. Vermillion is 34 miles from Sioux City, is the county seat of Clay county, has 1,C00 population, and is an important stage point. Tankton, the capital of this Territory and its largest town, is commandingly situated on the east hank of the Missouri river at the western terminus of the Dakota Southern R. R., and the starting point of all steamers for the Upper Missouri, Yellowstone and Black Hills. It is now the chief commercial center for Dakota, and is destined to be the chief commercial and railroad center for the whole va.st region of Northern Nebraska, Dakota, and the rich mineral district of the Black Hills. It already ships 1,500,000 bushels of wheat, which is increasing fifty per cent, annually. It has an immense stretch of country tributary to it north, south and west, and owing to its rapid settlement, nearly all the immigration first coming to Yankton thence radiating from it in all directions, it offers superior inducements to all kinds of business. Popula- tion, 3,700. Passengers destined for any of these points should buy their tickets to Sioux City by the Chicago & North-Western Railway. At Sioux City they can buy tickets to Sioux Falls City, Elk Point, Vermillion, Yankton, or the country tributary. The Sioux City & Pembina Railroad. From Davis Junction, a few miles west of Sioux City, and on the Dakota Southern Railway, a line of railroad is being built northward. It is now finished to Poriland- viUe, 30 miles northwest of Sioux City and on the west side of the Big Sioux river, and is being pushed towards Pembina, in the northeastern corner of the Territory. It will run through Sioux Falls City and the Mennonite settlements up the river. A daily line of stages, owned by C. H. Howard, runs from Portlaudville to Sioux Falls City. The Chicago and North-Western Railwa}', in its Chicago offices, sells through tickets to Porllandville and Sioux Falls City by this route. The Sioux Falls are beautifully situated on the Big Sioux river, dividing Iowa and Dakota Territory, and are celebrated for their romantic scenery, peculiar rocky formation, and furnishing as well one of the finest water powers in the country, hav- ing a fall of 100 feet. Si^p/x Falls City is located at the Falls, and is the centre of one of the finest agri- cultural districts in the West, the crop of 1875 being absolutely unequaled in any part of the United States, and it caused the projection of the Sioux City & Pembina Railroad named above, (leased by the Dakota Southern Railway,) which runs into the very heart of this vast grain producing country, and is found to be a very valuable feeder. It is the favorite summer resort in this part of the countrj'-, the river alFording excellent fishing and the surrounding country fine shooting, besides magnificent scenery. Here is found the celebrated red pipestone quarry, held in almost religious veneration by the Indians. Indians of all tribes and from all quarters of the conti- nent liere congregate on what is considered neutral ground, and procure material for carving out their truly artistic pipes; the marble is bright red, and is capable of a high degree of polish. There are good hotels in Sioux Falls City, also two newspapers, churches, public schools, and all the advantages that can be desired for absolute settlers or visitors on business or pleasure. 26 The North and West Illustkated. Dakota. The Territory of Dakota lies between the42d and 49th degrees of north latitude, and between the 19th and 27th degrees west from Wathiigton, ex- tending 400 miles in length from Nebraska, on the south, to British Columbia, on the north; and etretchca from east to west nearly 700 miles from the western borders of ^Minnesota and Iowa on the cast, to Wyominu; and Montana territories on the west. It embraces an area of 150,000 square miles or 90,000,000 acres. It is as large as the empire of France, and twice as large as England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales combined. Of this vast terri- Table Rock, Sioux Falls, Dakota— page 25. tory only tho Bouthcaptern border is now occupied. A popt'ilation of 30,000 white inhabitants occupy scarcely two per cent, of its acres; and under the wise provision of the Government, which secures for the head of every hnusehold a free farm of ICO acres, there are yet remaining homes for nearly a million families. Dakota poepexses some of the grandest natural scenery upon the American Con- tinent. The Missouri river crosses the territory from cast to west diagonally ; the Big Sious, the Vermillion, the James, the Yellowstone and Red River of the North flow within its borders, while along their banks grow majestic forests, which add health, wealth and beauty to the land. The Black Hills loom up gigantically to the westward of the Mis- souri, bearing on their slopes and summits immense forests of pine and cedar, and in their bowels inex- haustible quantities of the useful and precious minerals; while the Yellowstone region bbounds in natural scenery which combines the grandeur of the Alps with the quiet, fairy-like scenery of Killarney. But Dakota possesses some- thing more of which her people are prouder than of all that has been enumerated; she has bound- less prairies awaiting the hand of the immigrant, a soil rich and productive, and a climate unri- valed by that of any Northern State. To these, reader, yon ars invited to come. Dakota, with its vast and vari- ous undeveloped resources, pre- sents as promising fields for the investment of capital as any country in the world. Its clear and rapid streams seem expressly calculated by nature for the operations of milling, mining ; nd manufacturing. Its bound- less prairies promise a remarkable return to the stock-raisir and farmer. Its rich soil yields an abundant harvest to the husband- man, and its gay and growing towns and villages afford a good trade to merchants, and profita- ble employment to mechanics. Here we give a list of the prin- cipal towns in Southern Dakota : Sioux Falls, Minnehaha county, pop. 1,000, location Big SiotiX Valley; Yankton, Yankton coun- ty, pop. 3,700, location Terminus D. S. R. R. ; Vermillion, Clay county, pop. 2,000, location D. 8. R. R. ; Elk Point, Union county, pop. l.tKX), location D. S. R. R; Meckling, I'nion county, pop. .300, -location D. S. R. R.; Gayville, Yankton county, pop. 500, location D. S. R. R. ; Springfield, Bon- homme county, pop. 600, location Missouri Valley; Canton, Lincoln county, pop. 400, location Big Sioux Valley. . In addition to these, there are a score of new villages, whose populations range from 50 to 300 in- habitants. Among the latter is Rockport, on the James (or Dakota) river, lately established by the Army and Navy Colony of Chicago, which is pro- gressing finely. D.\kota's AGKicri/ruKAL Wealth. Statistical Information is yet so imperfect con- fleming the agricultural productions of Dakota, that we are forced to select a few of the oldest settled counties for example, and ns a basis of cal- culation, in figuring on the territory's agricultural wealth. We take, therefore, for example, the The Chicago & North-Wkstern- Railway. s-r oonnties of Union, Clay and Yankton, through which the Dakota Southern Railroad runs. Union county, which is the most southerly in the territory, contains 540 square miles of land, one-half of which Is bottom land lying in the valleys of the Missouri and Sioux rivers. In this county the soil is a dark loam, and varies in depth from two to seven feet. It is pre-eminently the grent corn raising county of the territory, contains a population of 4, 500 inhabit- ants, and is bountifully supplied with water and timber It is not uncommon to see corn grow from ten to twelve feet high, and to yield as much as eighty bushels per acre, in this county. Its total tax- ation for 1874, according to authority of the Register of Deeds, amounts to thirteen mills upon the dol- lar. Seven years ago many men located upon free lands in this county without a hundred dollars cap- ital, whose farms with improvements to-day are worth $10,000. To every poor agriculturist in the East we ofl'er the friendly advice, " Go thou and do likewise." The actual value of real and personal property in Union county is estimated at $2,500,000. Clay couuty, which adjoins I'nion on the west, contains, according to official returns, a population of 4,402. It is the model wheat raising county of the territory, and at an average yield will pioduce more than a million bushels of wheat in 1876. Land which the Government gave to settlers free five years ago is now worth $20 an acre. It contains 390 square miles of land, and is bountifully watered and timbered. Taxation here amounts to one per cent. Yankton county, which contains Yankton city. the capital of Dakota, the most important town of the territory, and the seat of government, is in the third tier of counties west from Iowa. Its soil, surface and agricultural productions are like those of Union and Clay counties. It is watered by the Missouri and James rivers, and many minor streams, along whoso banks grow beautiful groves of Cottonwood and hardwood timber. Within the last year its population and wealth have so increased that it now ranks as the foremost county of the territory in these particulars. Comparatively little of its land is cultivated, scarcely ten per cent., yet the Yankton Press estimates that it will produce a million bushels of wheat in 1876. Taxa- tion in this county ranges from eleven to thirteen and a half mills upon the dollar. These counties, as we have said, are cited as ex- amples. Their soil, climate and natural advan- tages generally are no better than those of other counties, and the Government offers, free, to those who desire to take it, farming land, within a short distance of the line of this road, as productive, and in every way as good as any lands in the West. It is asserted without ft ar of successful contra- diction that the best Government lands remaining unclaimed, land equal for soil, and in producing capacity to the richest valleys of New York or the choicest prairies of Illinois, lie in Dakota Territory, within easy distance of the Dakota Southern Rail- road. Every variety of crop grown in any Northern State will yield abundantly here, and 160 acres of this land may be had for the taking of it. How TO Obtain a Free Farm in Dakota. Many good men, deeply anxious to better their condition by emigrating to a new country, and taking free farms on Government lands, are de- terred from so doing through ignorance of the way in which a farm is secured. The occupation of Government land is simple and easy. For exam- ple, a resilient of Illinois desires to obtain a farm of 160 acTtts in Dakota. Let him come to Sioux City, Iowa, via the Chicago & North-Western Railway, and then take the cars of the Dakota Southern Railroad for Yankton, the seat of the land office for the most southerly land district in the territory, and there he will be supplied with maps or plats, which will guide him to the unoccu- pied claims. After selecting the 160 acres most suitable to him, he returns to the land office, pays a fee of $14, and then returns for his family to the East, if, indeed his family is not along v,ith him. The officers of the Government will cheerfully sup- ply all desired information relative to the taking of free land. U. S. Land Offices are situated at three convenient points in the territory, and to gain any desired information it is only necessary to address these offices respectively as follows :— Hon. G. H. Hand, Register, U. S. Land Office, Yankton, D. t.; L. D. F. Poore, Register, U. S. Land Office, Spring- field, D. T. ; Col. B. F. Campbell, Register. U. S. Laud Office, Sioux Falls, D. T. The Mennonites. In 1873, a class of immigrants hitherto unheard of in the United States, settled in Dakota In large numbers, and continue to come, from week to week, and from day to day. By the accident of birth they are nominally Russians, but in blood, spirit and religion they are Germans. These immi- grants are composed of two classes, Russian pro- testants and Mennonites, the latter class forming a majority of the new come's. The Mennonites (so called from Simon Menno, a German, who founded their sect,) settled in Russia in the reign of Catherine II. To them was made a solemn and binding promise and agreement, that on con- dition of their settling upon Russian territory, they and their heirs should for all time enjoy ab-oluto freedom in the exercise of their religious faith, and in accordance with the teachings of their religion and the dictates of their consciences, they were absolved from the duty of bearing arms for the state, and were granted certain municipal privileges not enjoyed by Russian citizens. During the reign of the Czar Nicholas, the Government kept the contract in gDod faith, and the Mennonites pros- pered and multiplied. But the son and successor of Nicholas. Alexander, the present mor.arch of Russia, violated tlie pledges made by his prede- cessors, and insi'-tcd that if these people were to live in Russia thry would be bound to become Russians in law, and military service, ar d he forth- with submi ted to them the alternative of naturali- zation or emigration. In the conflict of affections, conscience triumphed over interest, and they da- 28 The North and West Illustrated. tennlneil, asdid the Puritan fathers, toabanilon the homes of tlu-nisclvus uiul their fi.thors, that Ihey ini<;hi live in a land where every man is a king, and where religion is not prescribed by statutory en- actments. They determined to leave the old homes in Rus- ela and seek new homes in Dakota. Thus has IJusfiia's tyranny jjroved Dakota's gain; and as reli;jiou8 intolerance in France ^^ve tlie Iliij,'iienots to Carolina, as Dritish per&ecutiou swc lied the ranks of the American Rev'.lutioiiary army with Irirli Catholics; and as religious bigotry ^owed the ^eed from which sprung this mighty Republic, bo Rus- Bian de^■poti#m bids fair to furui.-h bone and mus- cle for au American btate of Dakota. Already have 1000 families of these industrious immigraiits made their homes on the rolling prairies of D.ikota, north of Yankton City and westward from the valley of the James river. Though their earlie^t settlement is little ovtr a year old, they will add liber.nlly to the grain product of Dak .ta in 1870, some of them having ilready jjlanted not less than 100 acres of whea.t. They come not as a majority of foreign immigrants come, with mind and muscle alone as their caiiital. They bring with them, in gold and greenbacks, the accumulated savings of generations, and a knowledge of uKricuknre and arts, acquired by thcm?elv. s, or transmitted to them by preceding geiurations. Their knowledge they are applying to the develop- ment of Dakota's natural re.-ourcis, and their capital is being l;berally invetited in building up the city of Yankton, or in promoting its trade and in- dustry. Their poorest family owns $500 at least, while many of them own amounts of money ranging from $1,000 to $.";0,()00. Sheep raising with ihem is a favorite and liicnitive industry, and as the grassy prairies of Dakota are admirably suited to this puii)o>e, they propose to enter largely into theep raising here. One of their wealthiest men, whose capital is estimated at the enormous sum of §-.200,000, jiro- posts to bhip 400 Russian sheep, of an extra fine breed, all the way from Russia to Dakota, during the coming year. Alniostallof thcec people reached the territory by parsing over the Chicago & Nort h-Western Railway, and all of them advise their friends to 8<;ek ttai& line. Dakota's Invocation. Reader, if you are in quest of pleasure— that pure and unalloyed pleasure found in observing and contemplating the beautiful and wonderful woika of (Jod— let us call your attention to D-ikota. Have you ever sinn that curious, beautiful and magnidcent freak of nature, I!ig Sioux Falls ? Have you everstood upon the praiiiesof Dakota, and breathed the air which cures consumption ? Did you ever travel over the Dak ta Southern Railroad, which pns-es along the wooded margin of the "mighty .Missouri," and across the Misstiuri Valley, th'.- lai'gest and most fertile valley of North America f Did you ever stand upon the deck of an Upper Missouri river steamboat and gaze upon the en- chanting scenery along the serpentine windings of the mighty stream ? Have you seen the Yellowstone Park, with its natviral fountains, geysers and lakes, and its endless miles of walk-i and drives, macadamized by the band of nature ? If you have never beheld any of these scenes, visit Dakota before visiting S\v Izcrland, and bo convinced th;U in Aimrica there is scenery, which in point of curiosity and grandeur, is unrivaled by anything In the world. To anglers, hunters, or fowlers, Dakota offus great inducements, being perfectly iilive with game of nil kind-, from the mighty elk and biift'alo to the lively little 8i|Uirrel of the woods; from the king of birds, the soaring eagle, to the smallcft quail or snipe; or from a hui;dri d pound cattish lothat delicious morsel, a speckled trout of the stre:ini; in s'lort, sportsmen have universal'y proclaimed Dakota the happy huntinggroundsof IheWest. Botanists, geologists, OK THE WESTERN LINES OF TTTE SIOUX CITr tfi PACIFIC R. R. After our hasty view of Dakota and its railways, we will rttiirn to Missonri Valley Junction, and take a hasty glance at the western branches of the Sioux City and scientists find here a new field for their re- searches, and are daily adding specimens of some- thinu; new from the wonderful works of the great Creator of the Universe. We niuy mention here, for the benefit of bot:iuistP, tliat e:icti of m.iiiy kinds abound, and that curious sin ub, the seusiuvo plant, here flourishes in a v^ild state. Antiquarians in search of fossil remains of extinct animnls and petrifactions, mos.— agates, and oiher curiosities and tro.ihies, both ancient and modern, will have every reason to be ple;ised should they visit this])art<)f the world, for Jjakota is jiariicu- larly ricli in the above s|)eeiinens. Oi e petrifar tion w:i8 lately Sold for $2,000, and went East, being quite a success as an exhibition. Last, but by no means least, the Indian may be seen in all his native simplicity, and ih s without any danuer whatever, the country bavin;,' military forts surrounding them on all sides, and the sports- man can join with the geiiumi' Indians in their wild and exciting sports. Tie Crown Prince of hussia and suite, on their latcvisittotliiscountry, enjoyed the btift'alo hunt more than anything else. In fact, we can guarantee more \ariely of iimusement to the Touri.t than any other part of the United States. We will only add that the hotels thf^ugh the country are good, will ki]it, and charges reasonable. We have given this much of our spare to t his new territory, not alone on account of our controlling the line of railway in'o its south arranged for concerts, the atre, shows, etc. The hotels are: The Ogden, (recentl) rebuilt), having 125 rooms. Pacific, 75 rooms; Metropol itan, 25 rooms; Bryant, 20 rooms; Clifton, 25 rooms and Farmers, 20 rooms charges range from $1.50 to $3perday. Since the bridge across the river here was huilt, an effort has been made by the people of Council Blufl's to have the trains of the Union Pacific Road cross the bridge, and make Council Bluffs the eastern terminus of that line, but owing to various complications their termi nus was held at Omaha, on the opposite side of the river, and the trains of the Iowa lines made Council Bluffs their western tcrmi nus. The result wae a double transfer, the passen gcrs from the trains from the East debarking here getting into a "transfer train" that crossed the bridge, and again debarking on the Omaha side, and there taking the west bound trains of the Union Pacific Road. Coming from the West similar transfers were made. A recent dccife ion of the Supreme Couit of the United States eecms to have settled the ques tlon, and very soon a joint 32 The North and Wkst Ii.i.ustkated. depot is promised for the cast bank of the river, and tlic u^ii;il doiib.c tninsfcr will be avoidud. At Couucil lilufl's we make close connections with the trains of The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Blupps Railroad, which aio taken by our pasfeniiers for ,SV. Joseph, AlchUon, J^avtn- u-orth, Kansas City, and other Wesieru Mi8:iOuri and Kansas towns. ' Omaha. Hurriedly we have spanned the 492 miles that separate Chicago from Omaha, and crossing the beautiful railroad bridge (a view of which we give,) you arc landed in that live, wide-awake city, whose name is Omaha. There you will find the Grand Central Hotel, with our ticket ofliccs therein, many fine business houses, built along finely graded and paved streets, that are constantly crowded with the evidences of a large and rapidly growing trade. Besides the Grand Central, the city contains several other good hoteLs, an oi)cra house, line school houses, churches, public halls, large manufacturing establishments, the machine and car shops of the Uiiion Pacific Rail- road, and all other of the usual accompaniments of a great city. At the depot of the Union Pat^ific road you will find an excellent eating house, kept by that prince of _ _- caterers, Markel, and ^^^^^^"^^ where, besides getting first-class meals, j'ou can get 3"our lunch baskets and well cooked lunches to take with jou if going overland. If pot going out on the Union Pacific, you can take the trains of the Burlington & Missoi.RT RivEu Rail- road IN Nebraska, and by them reach Ashton, Newton, Lincoln, (the capital of Nebraska), Crete, Beatrice, or Kear- ney Junction ; or you can take the trains of the Omaha & North- West- ern Railroad for Flor- ence, Calhoun, De Soto, Blair, or Wisner ^ and the country tributary. Supposing you are going to Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, the Pacific Coast, or, perhaps, to China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, or the Sandwich Islands, you •will take the Chicago & North-Westeru Railway for Omaha, and there take the trains of the Union Pacific Railroad, and pass through Fremont, Columbus, Lone Tree, Graml Island, Kearney Junction, NortJi Platte, Sidney, and reach Cheyenne, GIC miles from Omaha, and 1,008 miles from Chicago. Here you leave the train if you arc going to any point in Colorado. Passing south, b}' the Denver Pacific Railway, you cross apparently sterile i)lains, and run through Orecley and Fvans, where you can Btudy the vast system of irrigation that has made these plains bloom like a garden. You run along, with the snow-clad peaks of the main Rockj- ^Mountain range in full view, and in six hours after leaving Cheyenne you reach Denver. Colorado — The Far Wicstkrn Summer Resort. Grand Central Hotel, Omaha, Neb. 7%« Attractions for Invalids:, Tourists and Idlers. To the tourist and the invalid, Colorado has unexcelled and increasing attractions, and each recurring season offers new facilities for health and recreation. The preparations for this summer at all the watering places and towns whose vicinity The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 33 affords scenic or sanitary advautp^es, aro of a high order; a^id it is the object of this article, after poiutiu;^ out the route of travel to Colorado, to give the tourist or traveler some idea, alter he gets there, of what to see, and how to see it. There is no end to the attractions of Colorado, and we advise those who can to make at leatt one trip out tht re, ere the country becomes more settled, as then the scenery will not apprar half so attract- ive as at present, iu its wild, romantic state. To those who intend going during the ensuing hot mouths, we offer the following suggestions: Leave Chicago via Chicago & North-Western Railway, for Omaha, thence via the Union Pacific to Chey- enne, and thence via the Denver Paciflc Railway, to Denver. At Denver, the principal hotels are the Grand Central, American, Inter-Ocean, (opened since \n^t Beason.) Ford's, Sargent's and Charpiot's. The three first named are four-story buildings, and will accommodate from 100 to 150 guests each. The new Broadwell House is the largest in Colorado. The rate at all of them is $4 per day, and from $21 to $25 per week. The principal watering places in Colorado are Manitou and Idaho Springs. Manitou is five miles from Colorado Springs station, on the Denver & Rio Grande Railway, and eeventy-two miles south of Denver. The narrow-gauge cars, neat and com- fortable, take the traveler along at the rate of 15 m les an hojr, through Littleton, upoverthe Divide with its pineries, passing- the lake at the summit surrounded with myi lads of beautiful flowers, down the southern slope along the Monument, reaching Coloiado Sp ings at n .on. Taking time to see the notable improvements of the past few months in this et'.rring little city of 3,000 people, with its many handsome buildings, a carriage is taken to the Springs. Here the Manitou House, and the new Cliff House, and, two miles further on, the Tonic Springs Hotel— all having spacious walks, croquet grounds, drive ways, billiard halls, barber shops, and mineral baths— offer abundant comforts for guests. Saddle-horses and carriages can be ob- tained to visit all the points of interest; also guides and pack animals to the summit of Pike's Peak, when; the new Government signal office is located, and whence weather reports are telegraphed over the country three times a day. Days and weeks can be profitably spent at Manitou and vicinity. Idalio Springs lie's in the valley of South Clear creek, .'15 miles west of Denver. The tourist fakes the Colorado Central, broad gauge, to Arapahoe Junction, bplow Golden, where he changes to the narrow gauge train, which whirls him through Clear Creek Canon to Floyd Hill, thence 5>^ miles by Concord coach. Tlic Beebe and Alvord houses furnish good hotel accommodations. The chief attractions of the place are the hot and soda springs, and tlic swimming baths. There is gorgeous ecenrry on every hand. Trips to Fall river, Chi- cago 1 akes, and the mine^can be made. The place has good liveries, boarding houses, daily mails, telegraph, and other accommodations. Canon City, near which are some of the most notable springs, is surrounded by various attrac- tiops. At Georgetown, where the silver mines are to be seen, and from whence the brisk camps at Silver Flume, Empire, Bakerville, Argentine, the mills and furnaces of Stewart, Spanish Bar, Mason- ville, and the scenic attractions of Gray's Peak, Twin Lakes, Griflith Mountain, Chicago Lakes, and Middle Park, are to bo reached, tho^e spacious hotels, tUe Barton iind American, have been re- newed, and additions to liveries, boarding houses, and other improvements made. At Boulder, the Boulder and Colorado hotels have been repaired, daily stage lines to Gold Hill, Kederland and Caribou put on, liveries increased, and every ad- vantage offered for trips up Boulder Canon and the falls, to Peabody Springs, Belmont Iron Works, Erie Coal Mines and Gold Hill; the place also has now the advantage of two railroads to Denver. At Longmont, a tri-weckly stage line has been arranged, from the St. Vrain Hotel to EstesPark, •10 miles, where the Evans Hotel, excellent fishing and hunting, saddle ponies and guides, and the climbing of Long's Peak, are the chief attractions. At Central City, the Teller House, and numerous smaller hotels and boarding-houses, and the fine liveries, are prepared to furnish every facility for visiting the gold mines, the great Sierra Madre tunnel, the stamp mills and reduction works, Black Hawk, Nevadaville, James' Peak, and Rollinsville. The inducements offered by the Chicago & North- Western route, via Omaha, to Colorado are, the fine country it passes through bet a cen Chicago and Omaha, its splendid track and equipment, the comfort enjoyed while passing over the Union Pa- ciflc Road, the chances of seeing the plains, moun- tains, and other attractions not found on any other route; and the chance to visit Cheyenne, Greeley, Evans, etc., before you reach Denver. If you can- not at your homes buy tickets via this route throur;h, you can buy to Chicago, and at our offices there get your through tickets. Better do that than miss the opportunity to go by this route. Returning to Cheyenne from Denver, or if you have not broken your westward journey, yoi pass on to Sherman, at the summit of the Rocky Mountains, 8.242 feet above the sea; Laramie, with its Fort Sanders, and the rolling irillls of the Union Pacific Railway; Fort Fred Steel, Eawltngs, Green River, Bryan, Evanston, with its eating houses with Chinese waiters, near which are very exten- sive and valuable coal mines, and soon run down through those marvels of Utah— Echo and Weber canons-and at 1,032 miles from Omaha, re".ch Ogden, an important Mormon city, and the junc- tion of four railroads, viz : the Union Pacific, over which you have come from the East; the Central Pacific, over which you will pass when going West; the Utah Northern, which you will take for Logan and points beyond (by stage) in Idaho or Montana; and the Utah Central, over which you will pass with me in the contempla'ed trip to Salt Lake City, before we proceed further towards "sundown." To the City op the Saints. Then, bidding good-bye to our friends who have accompanied us from Chicago, and who fail to " take in " this pleasurable " side-show," we step into the cars of "Bishop Sharp's road," and start southward, with the Great Salt Lake on our right 84 The North and West Illustkated. stopping for a few moments at Kaysvllle, Far- minglon, CenlrevUle, uiul one or two unimportant Btatioi;8, wo, in two hours' run from Ogden, are at Salt L ■ ke City, that marvel to the Mormons themsclvef-, who have reared It or seen it grow, and that more than marvel to the gentile, who has had no part in its past and but little vital Interest in its present ; for in the past he was a rarely-eeen stranger, and in its present is hardly at home, or willing to acknowledge that he has "come to stay." Without attempting to describe this wonderful city, or the bloomiiigcountry around it, we yet must call your attcMiti')n to the situation On the Central Pacifio Railroad. We pass Corinne, a noted mountain stage depot, and at Kellon find a good point to take stages for all points in Idaho. Idado. In Idaho we reach by our connections Boise City, Idaho City, Miilade, and Silver City, and the won- derful falls of the Snake river; these are, the Ameri- can, 70 feet; the Salmon, CO feet; and the Shoshone, over 200 feet perpendicular. These last vie with Niagara in beauty and grandeur. In Idaho the days are never sultry and the nights are always cool; on the plains and in the valleys snow does not lie Walker House, Salt Lake City, Utah. of the city itself, and ask you to note the glorious Wahsatch mountain- to the left, and the Oquirrh range to the right, the lake at their feet, the silent Jordan at its foot, and not to overlook the ever- present evidences of the great work that has been wrought by these "peculiar people." Gentile, as wc arc, we freely and willingly join in repeating, as many have before, " No other people have be- fore accomplished as much." For those who can- not see for themselves, we picture a feature or two of this visit tliat may be new and not uninteresting. From here you can reach by rail Lehi and Provo, and many other interesting points in the Territory. If you have time, fail not to take a trip over the American Fork Railroap, and see the glories and beauties of the wonder canons it runs through. After dining at The Townsend or at The Walker, the leading " Mormon " and " Gentile " hotels, we hurry back to Ogden, and pursue our western Journey. on the ground; cattle feed out-doors the year round. The climate is much the same as that of Central Illinois and Southern Penns-ylvania. Good hotels are found in all the towns; and daily news- papers, the telegraph, and other evidences of ad- vanced civilization, are found on every hand. Stages run daily from various points on the Cen- tral Pacific Road to all the towns in Idaho, and no more attractive region can be found for a summer tour than is ofl"ercd by the hill country of Idaho. If we do not end our stage trip in Idaho, but continue it northward, w e pass on to Jlelfria, (pop. 4,000, and the capital,) Virijinia City, Beer Lodge, Argenta, Bannock, and Bozeman, in Montana. Montana. Montana, witli its mountain.'^, lakes and rivers, will amply pay for a summer's sojourn there. The National Pa:k on the Yillowstone, the gey- sers, and the mountains of the Bitter Root, Snow The Chicago & North-Western Railway. U and other chains, are all accessible from Helena. The geysers of the Yellowstone and the Upper Missouri arc the most wonderful in the world, those of Iceland and New Zealand not excepted. Here we have the Thud, Horn, Bath, Caveni, Bee- hive, Giant, Giantess, Old Faithful, Saw-mill, Grotto, Punch-bowl, Riverside, Soda, Fan, and other geysers within the Territory, bounded by latitude 43 and 47 north, and longitude 110 and 114 west. These geysers vary from the mere mud vol- cano to those throwing boiling water in columns six feet in diameter and 200 feet in height. The water in the various geysers varies from icy cold to boiling, and in color from the transparent to the inky black, through all the shades of blue, brown, red, yellow, green, etc. Some of the ejections occur at regular pe- riods, varying from one hour to 32 hours apart, while others are always active. Not tarrying in Montana, we return to the Central Pacific Bailroad, at Corinne or Kelton. Westward Again. Toano, Elko, Palisade, Battle Mountain, Winnemucca , Humboldt, (note its oasis) and Wadsicorl h are reached, and a stop is made at Beno Here, after a good rest with frien 1 Chamberlain in his pleasant hotel we will take a fresh start, and run down the Vikginia & Truckee Railroad to Carson, the capital of Nevada, and to Virginia City, Got I Hill and Silver City, in which arc found the "Big Bonanza" and other mines, and especially notable those of the Comstock lode. Spending a day, week or months here with pleasure and profit, you return to Jieno, and again taking the palace cars of the Central Pacific Rah ROAD, arc in tlic Sierra Nevadas pass (if you do not go to Lake Tahoe) Truckee, Colfax, Dutch Flat, Avbum, Sacramento, Stoch ton, Lathrop, Mies, and, at 5.00 p. M., reach the "Golden Gate," with San Francisco to the south of it. From this wonderful city yon can reach any part of the Pacific Coast, or the great East beyond. Santa Cruz, Santa Bar- bara, Los Angeles and San Diego, southward, are accessible by two daily lines of steamers ; while Port- land, Tacotna, Victoria, Paget Sound and Van- couver's Island, and all points in Oregon, Washing- ton, and British Colambia, are accessible by steam- ers running up the coast. Inland, by rail, Napa, St. Helena, Calistoga, Oroville, Marysville, Peta- luma, Santa Rosa, Cloverdale, Santa Clara, San Jose, Hollister, Gilroy, Soledad, Salinas, Montery, Calienta, and a hundred other towns are readily reached. To Hong Kong, in China, and Yokohama, in Japan, two lines of steamers furnish weekly departures; and to Honolulu, in the Sandwich Islands, Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, and Auckland, in New Zealand, one line of steamers are run regularly. In all this vast field, the Chicago & North-Western Railway is known and patron- ized. Even farther India lends her patronage and aids to swell the throng that constantly crowds its numerous passenger trains, and assists in loading its miles of freight cars. This, then, is one thing City Aqueduct, Salt Lake City, Utah. Reached by Omaba A California Line. this great corporation can do for yon. It opens wide the door to the great West and to the still greater East, and is the gateway for the millions who seek new homes, or desire to visit friends anywhere via Ths Great Trans-Continental Route. IN CALIFORNIA AND THEREABOUTS. The popular resorts of California reached by the Chicago & North-Western Railway and its connections are, *'The Yoscrnite," '^The Geijsers" " Movnt Diablo,'' ^^ The Big Trees," '' Donner Lake," ''Lake Talioe" "■ Summit Soda Springs," ''Calistoga Sulphur Springs," Santa Barbara, Santa Crvz, and Los Angeles. S6 Tufc: NouTii AM) Wkst Illustrated. The fame of the Valley of Yosemite has now become world-wide. Its tower- ing cliffs, waterfalls like cataracts from the clouds, and the gigantic vegetation surrounding it, have no comparison in the world. In sublimity of grandeur and enchanting beauty it surpasses expression, and must be viewed to be appreciated. Several eminent writers have attempted descriptions, but all have despaired in giving expression to the awe-inspiring feelings which fill the beholder of the mighty chasm. Biorsladt has painted it, and Watkius has photographed it, and these, as all writers say, \r\ye the nearest idea of the majesty of the scene to that of being present at the reality. As to the faith- ful, the admonition to "see Mecca and dje," so to *lie traveler, " see Yosemite, the last of < ;ulh." To reach the Yosem- ite Valley, the traveler goes to Lathrop, 82 miles east of San Fran- cisco, and then, via the Visalia Division of the Central Pacific Rail- road, from Lathrop to Merced; thence the tour- ist has choice of two routes — via Mariposa, Chirks (Mariposa Big T rce Grove), 1 he Hermi • tage, and Inspiration or Glacier Points, or via the Coulterville Short Line, passing Snellings, Coulterville, Dudley's, Bower Cave, Pilot Peak' Merced Big Tree Grove, and the canons and cataracts of Merced river, (bT)th "all -wagon " roads). Table of Altitudes at Yosemite Valley. The Tabernacle, Salt Lake City, Utah. Reathed bv Omihri A California Line. WATERFALLS. HT. ABOVB VALLBV. . 940 feet. 2,634 " INDIAK.NAME. SIGNIFICATIOM. AMBBICAN NAJIE. Po-ho-no Spirit of the Evil Wind Bridal Veil Yosemite Larf;e Grizzly Bear First fall, 1,000 feet; Second fall, 434 feet; Third fall, 600 feet Pi-wy-ack Wide Water Vernal 350 Yo-wi-ye Nevada TOO To-lool-we-ack South Fork 600 To-roy-;c Shade to Indian Baby Basket Royal Arch Falls 1,800 Loya Sentinel Fall 3,200 MOrNTAINS. Tis-sa-ack Goddess of the Valley Scnth Dome 6,000 Cloud's Rest 6,450 To-coy-ic Shade to Indian Baby Basket Xorth Dome 3,725 Hunto The Watching Eye Round Tower 2, 100 Mah-tn Martyr Mountain Cap of Liberty 4,000 , '.. Mount Starr King 5,600 The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 37 HT. ABOVB INDIAN NAME. SIGNIFICATION. AMERICAN NAME. VALLKY. Tn-tnck-a-nn-la Great Chief of the Valley The Captain 3,100 feet. Wah-wah-lc-na Three Graces 3,750 Pom-pom-pa-sus Falling Rocks Three Brothers 4,300 Poo-seo nah Chack-ka Large Acorn Cache Cathedral iiock 2,400 Sentinel Dome 4,500 " Loya Sentinel Rock 3,270 " The Yoscmite Valley is 4,060 feet above the sea. Its general course is northeasterly and southwesterly. The " New Wagon Road " was completed early in April, 1875, between Clarks and The Hermitage, thence into the Valley. Visitors can leave Merced in the morning, 8top over night at Clarks, the next forenoon visit the Big Tree Grove, six miles from Clarks, via Saddle Trail, and during the afternoon of the same day travel by Wash- burn, Chapman & Co.'s Passenger Wagons from Clarks to the Valley— making the trip, includmg the Big Trees, in two days from Merced; or, via the Coulterville all Wagon Route, passing Snellings and Coulterville; stopping over night at Dudley's Mills (45 miles from Merced); the next day passing Bower Cave, Pilot Peak, the "Merced Grove of Big Trees," the Cliffs and Canons of the Merced River, Bridal Veil and Yosemite Falls, arriving at the Hotels at 4.00 p. m., making but two days easy traveling, without change of vehicle, between Merced and Yosemite. A tliird route for visitors to the Yo Semite and Calaveras Big Trees is to Stockton, via Central Pacific Railroad, and thence by rail to Milton, arriving at this railroad terminus at 1.45 p. m., where they will take dinner, and then proceed in easy riding carriages to Murphy's, where they will find splendid hotel accoLamodations and stop over night. The following morning they will drive to the Calaveras Big Tree Grove, where they will find equally good hotel accommodations and will spend most of the day there, returning in the evening to Murphy's. From Murphy's to the Valley the route is through an interesting Hydraulic and Placer Mining country, and over a good gravel road. Before reaching the brink of the Valley— at Crane's Flat— the traveler will find a small grove of the mammoth trees of California. Two of these, named the "Siam- ese Twins," growing from the same root, measure 114 feet in circumference, and with corresponding height. But he will hasten on to tbe rim of the mighty basin, and become transfi.iied in awe as he first beholds it from "The Stand-Point of Silence." Here he takes in the view in its awful majesty. None are so cold as to contemplate it without having awakened within them feelings beyond their power to express. From such feelings arose the name the point bears. From this summit to the valley below is a distance of three miles, by a horseback trail, descending four tliousand feet, where HutchinL'^s' .«tage will meet passengers and take them to Hutchings' Hotel, which is Burroundcd by the grandest scenery the eye ever rested on. The Big Tree Grove op Calaveras County, Cal. The Calaveras Group is the one known to the world as " The Big Trees of Cali- fornia," and the one chiefly visited by tourists. It comprises the Mammoth and South Park Groves. The Mammoth Grove contains ninety-three of these Giants of the Forest, among which arc the Mother of the Forest, the bark from which was exhibited in the Crystal Palace, London ; the Father of the Forest, through whose prostrate trunk thousands have ridden on horseback; and the Original Big Tree, the slump of whicli forms the floor of the famous Pavilion, 32 feet in diameter. The South Park Grove, distant six miles, is superior to the more famous Mammoth Grove, both in number and size of its Big Trees, of which 1,380 have been counted. It has only been recently opened up to tourists, and is readily reached with horses 8B The North and West Illustrated. from the Mammoth Grove Hotel by a good bridge and trail. These two Groves com- prise the Calaveras Group of Big Trees, surpassing all others in grandeur and beauty. The Geysers. The geysers of California are in Sonoma county in a lateral gorge of the valley of Napa, called the Devil's Canon, near Plutou river. The canon is narrow and shut in by steep hills. Vapor fills the gorge, while springs hot, cold and great, gush out on all sides and lie within a few feet of each other. They differ in color, taste and smell. These waters are clear, white, black, red, blue, yellow and green, and are either pure to the taste, sulphurous, fetid, acid or alkaline. The most celebrated is " The Steam- pipe" which is an orifice in the hill side, eight inches in diameter, out of which la ejected continuously and with almost deafening roar., a volume of hot steam that is projected from 50 to 200 feet in height. " The Witches' Caldron " is a mass of black fetid mud that is ever bubbling and boiling with internal heat. These gey- sers are 1,700 feet above the sea level, and are I cached from San Fran- cibco by two routes ; First, via the Vallejo Stramers and California Pacific Railroad through Kapa Valley, ge. Pecatoiiica, 107 miles from Ch cngo. Here we have another town of 2,000 people who do not allow liquors to be so d within its corporate limits. The town was chartered in 18.55, and having fine water power utilizes it to run the machinery of a flour mill, a wagon factory, butter tub factory, saw 44 The North and West Illustrated. mill, machine shop, and other minor shops. The town has one good school house, live churches, one newspaper, a masonic and an odd fellows' hall, three public halls, and one hotel. The Pecatouica House, by Jas. O'Brien, with 20 rooms for guests at $2 per day. The town is built on Pecatonica river, which is here crossed by a substantial iron bridge. Kidott, 114 miles from Chicago. In Stephenson county is this village of 300 souls. It has one grain elevator, a cheese factory, a public hall that cost $7,000, three schools, one church, and one hotel. Orangeville, Oneco, and Cedarville are tributary, and are reached by stage. Freeport, Vi\ miles from Chicago. This city, with its 11,000 inhabitants, is the county seat of Stephenson county. The county was organized in 1836-7, and was named for the Winnebago tribe of Indians, who had their homes in the vicinity until 1*?,"). when rhey were moved beyond the borders of ^i^VA.l^^i->^\Q^'^tR^^^■;"""^ Public School, Arlington Heights, III.— page 50, Illinois. Winnesheick, the head chief of the tribe, had in 1827 his village of 200 lodges on the ground where Freeport is now located, and the burial ground of liis fathers is now covered by the freight houses of the C. & N.-W. Ry ! In early days con- Biderable lead was mined in Stephenson county, and in 1827 a war broke out between the miners (of the Galena district) and the Indians, and had it not been for Winneshcick's friendly warning, every white person in Northern Illinois would have been treacherously murdered. He was always friendly to the whites, and his memory is honored by the descendants of the early settlers of Stephenson county. The county contains fifteen townships, through each of which at least one stream runs, thns having ample water and drainage. The first white permanent settler was Oliver W. Kcllo<:g, of New York State, who came in 1S2G; the first mill in, and the jail for the county were built in 18.37, by T. J. Turner, once President of The Galena hops, a large beet-root >ugar factory, and many minor establishments; a line court house, that cost, in 1872, $140,000; a .•soldiers' monument, that cost $12,000; five banks, "^S^^r with capital of $180,000; ^''"--IJ:^'!!^.'-'^^ two public halls, that will seat 1,300 persons; four school houses, that cost $46,000, and will seat 1,950 children; eleven churches; six masonic lodges, chapters, etc., occupying a fine masonic hall; four newspapers, and six hotels, viz., The Brewster, by J. S. Gates; The Pennsylvania, by J. S. /artman; The Tremont, by Robey & Myer; The New York, by John Kerch; The French, by J. French, and The European, by II. E. Brown. Orangeville, Oneco, Shucey Millx, Monroe, Wi-c., McConnelVs Grove, Elizabeth. Watervian's Mdts, Yelloiv Creek, Kent, Loran, Wmterft. J'lmti River, ]MUow, and Yankee Hollow, are readied from Freeport by stages. At this point we reach the Nokthern Division op thb Illinois Central Railroad, and with it form the Chicago, FuEEroRT & Dubuque Line, over which the through distributing postal cars carrying the United States mails are run between Chicauro and I^na, Nora, Warren, App'e River, Scales Mound, Council Hill, Galena. Durdeilh. Dubuque, and all points west of that city. This forms the direct The Chicago & North-Wbsteen Railway. 45 northern route to those points, and all passengers passing through Northern Illinois destined for any •of them, should be certain to buy tickets to or via Preepoit over the Chicago & North- Western Rail- way, and should not be induced to take less favor- Able routes. At Freeport we form connections with the Western Uniok Railroad for Shannon, Lanark, Mount Carroll, Savanna, and points west. The position occupied by Freeport, and its railway facili- ties, give to it a commanding influence over the trade of a large district on all sides, and how well this is taken advantage of, its prosperous merchants and manufacturers plainly show. THE CHICAGO AND LAKE GENEVA LINE. Two routes owned by the Chicago & North- Western Railway Co. are open to the traveler from Chicago destined for Lake Geneva and the surrounding country. The one route takes him via the Wisconsin Division and Crystal Lake, and will be described elsewhere. The other route is the one we would now call your attention to. By it you leave Chicago from the Wells Street depot, follow the Galena double track, steel rail line to Junction, thence northwesterly to "Fox River Switch," (44 miles from Chicago),.over the Freeport Branch, and thence via the "Fox River Branch," to Dundee, 48 miles from Chicago. This pleasant ■city of 2,500 people is on Fox river, which divides it into East and West Dundee, which have separate municipal goveniments, and are really two corpo- rations, but here must be treated as if one. The cities have one high school iu a building that cost $30,000, several other pub- lic schools, a public hall that cost $5,000, six church- •es, a cheese factory using 2,500 gallons of milk daily, two hotels — The Bowman and The Dundee, and many large bu;-iness establisl;- ments. The Dundee Brick Co. employs $'J5,000 capital, and makes 4,000,000 bricks yearly. From this statin Jarge quantities of milk are daily shipped to Chicago. It is claimed, and probably •correctly, that from this ^ station is daily shipped more milk than from any ■other station in the United State,*. The cheese and butter of this valley command a high price in the markets of Europe, and owing to the grasses and ■water consumed by the cows, is said to be of pecul- iarly good quality. Carpenterville is one mile from Dundee, and is an active manufacturing village with 500 people. It is connected with Dundee by a side track, and has one flour mill, one woolen factory with two sets machinery, and employing 25 to 50 men; an iron and bolt company, employing 100 men, and paying in wages $4,000 monthly; an agri- cultural implement factory, employing 30 men, and several smaller factories and mills. Fox river is here spanned by an iron bridge built by the Ameri- can Bridge Co. Algonquin, .53 miles from Chicago. The quiet Tillage of Algonquin is delightfully situated in a little trianguhir valley at the junction of Crystal Lake outlet with Fox river. The bluffs, which at Elgin, ten miles below, are gradual slopes, here assume the character of steep hills of very consid- erable elevation, and in consequence the place has more the appearance of a New England vil- lage, than of a typical Western prairie village ; nestled down here quietly, and necessarily from its situation quite compactly built, with the Fox river and clear waters of the lake outlet flowing through it, one hardly realizes that he is in a prairie country. The bluffs above and below the village are well wooded, and when ^- clothed with their spring ^i and summer foliage, give 4 the place an attractive and -2, captivating appearance, s Taken altogether, Algon- ' quin possesses a pictur- esqueness and beauty rare- found in the West, and shciuld be better known, that it maybe appreciat- ed as it deserves. The village has had several names since its earlier (lays. For a time it was j, ' it-i!;ffi j; /jjg^_ ^, ^ I -^i^^J known as Cornish's Ferry, '"~^ ^^^2^^ then as Osceola, and finally in 1856 it had permanently Ayer's Hotel, Harvard, lll.-page 52. «"ached its present name. The railroad crosses Fox river at this point. Large quantities of milk are shipped from here to Chicago, and more is consumed in its cheese and butter factories, which together absorb daily the milk of 1,500 cows, which are owned on flfty-f our farms near this station. Grazing land sells for from $50 to $100 per acre. Algonquin contains three flour mills, one milk can factory, two fine school houses, and several churches. Crystal Lake is 58 miles from Chicago by this route, and will be described when we reach the Wisconsin Division of the C. & N.-W. Ry. McHenry, 66 miles from Chicago. This is a village of 2,000 people, built on high ground on the banks of Fox river, in McIIenry county. 111. It has three hotels, one school, several churches, and one newspaper. Five miles distant we come to a chain of small lakes that extend eastward some thirty miles. These lakes are full of flsh, and along their shores game is found in abundance. Rinjjwood, 70 miles from Chicago, is a village of 400 people, surrounded by a fine grazing and farm country, well settled and finely Improved. Iu 46 The Noktii and West Iij.ustkated. the village aro two lioteli', one school, two churches, and the iifual su|)p'y of stoics, shop-", etc. Ricliinoiul, 75 miles from Chicago. This village hax 750 inhabitants, and is built on the banks of Keiper?ink river. It hii-one Hour mill, one school, four churches, au agricultural implement manufac- tory, and one hotel. Twin Lakes are three miles from the station. Game abounds in the vicinity. Genoa Junction, 77 miles from Chicago. Passing out of McUcnry county, and out of the- Sta:e of Illinois, we here reach M'alworth county, in Wisconsin, and here cross the Kenosh.k & Rock- ford Railroad, one of the lines owi ed by the C. & N.- \V. Ry. Co. The village contains 300 p. oplc, and has one flour mill, one hotel, a phniiii<; mill, one school, and one church. Wooded hills sur- round the town, and add no small charm to the scenery of the vicinity. Lake Geneva, Wis. LAke Geneva, via Elgin, is 86 miles, and via Crystal Lake, 70 miles from Chicago. During the summer season tlirough trains are run by both routes, but during the winter throufjk trains are run only via Elgin, yet in the winter close connections are made by the Wisconsin Division trams at Crystal the richest enjoyment to the seeker of pleasure. The waters are remarkably clear and cold, being supplied by springs, and in many places are known to be very deep. The lake was called by the Indians " Kish-wu-ke-tu,"' signifying "crystal water." In later times it was known as Big Foot ^-^ ^ The Lake and the Oakwood Hotel, Green Lake, Wis. -page 58. Lake, with the through trains that run by the Elgin route. This delightful and thriving village is situated upon the north shore of Lake Geneva. No more lovely sheet of water can be found in the North- west, and no town could be blessed with more charming scenery. It is f.ist becoming noted for its beauty, and many hundreds are making it their summer resort. Its growth and improvement for the past few years have been marked, and 'the ex- tensive hotels now building upon its banks only await completion to be thronged with the tourist and traveler from every part. Two fine side-wheel steamers make regular trips from Geneva to Fon- tana and intermediate points of interest, affording Lake, from its slight resemblance to the human leg and a monstrous foot. The lake as it is now known was named for (!eneva Lake in New York, which in turn was named for (Jeneva Lake in Swit- zerland. Its shores are in places bold, at others undulating; here topped with grand old forests of oak, there opening out into a wide rolling strelcli of country, dotted with fields of waving grass and grain, and beautiful farm houses. Mansions of great size and immense cost, displaying exquisite architecture, and surrounded by grassy terraces and rarest (lower gardens, adorn the shores near the vil; Inge, while the lands for some miles out have been purchased by capitalists, and at no distant day will be adorned with all that money and skill can do to The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 47 make a rural home inviting and lovely. Springs of mineral properties, and it is hoped value, have been discovered at the head of the lake, where a large summer boarding house is to be erected. The fish of the lake are pickerel, rock aud blick bass, and perch; but most important of all is the celebrated " Cis- co," which comes to ehore and is usually seen but once during the year, which is from June 10 to June 15, when a certain fly becomes unpleasantly abundant about the shore, and which be- comes food for the Cisco during this their spawning time. Cisco fishing is a sport rel- ished by man)-, who travel ofttimes long distances to share it with the villagers and visitors, who gener- ally turn out and make it a gala week. The village is well laid out, the site being a little elevated and quite level, with high rolling hills to the east, west and north. The ontlet of the lake furnishes a valuable water power, which operates a large grist mill, woolen mill and saw mill. Geneva at present has about 2,500 inhabitants, the census of 1870 show- ing 2,042. The town has six churches, three hotels, one of which is valued at $50,000, a large and flourishing ladies' seminary, a fine pub- lic school building, the most valuable in the county, one bank, one newspaper, and the usual amount of store and other vilbige property. Geneva was for many years the direct point from which most supplies of lumber, flour, feed, and other pioneer necessities were ob- tained. The prospects of this town we think unusually flattering; with a proportionate growth in nuuuifacturing, with its watering attractions it must at no distant day rank among the best towns of the State. JIL. *8 The North axd West Illustrated. TO THE NORTH & NORTHWEST. The Chicago & North-Western Railway Company owns two lines that run from Chicago northwardly, and one of these lines, 62 miles beyond Chicago, divides, and thereafter two lines are formed that continually diverge until their northern and north- western termini are many hundred miles apart. Examine our map. Note Harvard Junction as tlie point of bifurcation — Ishpeming in the north, close to Lake Superior, as the northern terminus of one line, and Lake Kampeska as the northwestern terminus of the other. Yet another peculiarity should be noted — after the North- Western line has reached Elroy, 0)0 miles from Harvard Junction, and 212 miles from Chicago, another line starts off towards the north, and ends at St. Paul and Minneapolis. This will be treated of in its proper place as a portion of our Chicago, Madison «& St. Paul Line. We trust you will fix in your minds the locale of these three lines, and be enabled to follow us when we come to describe the various points along them. They will be mostly treated as independent lines, as they are to a large extent. The other line running northwardly from Chicago, 3 referred to above, is the old Lake Shore, Chicago & Milwaukee Line, and is here mentioned for the reason that it, too, reaches ^ at Fond du Lac, the Wis- consin Division, which forms a portion of the miles from Chicago, This village, with its 1,500 inhabitants, is on the borders of the The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 51 ** Lake Country " of Northern Illinois. Lakes Zu- rich, Diamond, Grass, Honey and Bangs are near the elation, and furnish excellent fishing, boating and bathing facilities. Of these, Lake Zurich may be especially mentioned, as it is one of the most Iteautiful bodies of fresh water to be found any- where. The village of the same name is on its shores, and has in it two good hotels, for 70 summer guests. Palatine contains two grain elevators, one public hall, two newspaper offices, one school and three churches. Barring^on, 33 miles from Chicago, pop. 1,300, is in the northern part of Cook county, and \z sur- rounded by a Hue agricultural country. It is a large milk shipping point, and has several butter and cheese factories within its limits. In the village are four churches, one school, two hotels, and many fine business houses. Wauconda is 9 miles north, and to it stages run daily, stopping at Lake Zurich en route. Fare to Lake Zurich 25 cents, and to Wauconda 50 cents. Lake Zurich. Unlike many less favored places, little has been said of the one named above. Last year a few of the lovers of quiet and the beautiful sought this place out— one of them, writ- ing to the Chicago Tribune, Bays: "It may be, and probably is, the fact, that many of your readers arc not aware what a beautiful summer resort lies within an hour and a half's ride of Chicago. Many peo- ple who swelter through the hot season, and who cannot afford to take' a vacation, or expend much money in plea^ nre-seekiug, will undoubtedly be glad to know that within CO short a distance, and which may be reached in fco short a tim.c, and at a compai atively nominal cost, there lies one of the most beautiful •spots that can be found any- where in the Western country. Lake Zurich is named after one of the most splendid Iakr>^ in Switzerland, and when once seen, and its scenerj- and love- liness enjoyed, no one would for a moment think that he who named it was guilty of any presumption in the christ- ening. This place is situated on the edge of Lake county, four miles north by east from Barrington Station, on the Wisconsin Division of the Chicago & North-Western Railway. An omnibus is in waiting on the arrival of trains, to convey pas- sengers to the Lake Zurich House. The short ride by stage is even more delightful than by rail. The road runs through a splendid farming country, teeming with all the exuberant richness of a boun- teous soil, alternating with woodland and prairie, hills and valleys, fields of waving grain, and farm houses embowered in shrubbery— making one of the finest landscapes I have ever seen anywhere. " This letter is written at the close of the celebra- tion of our National Anniversary, which has been a glorious day here. Though writing from Lake Zurich, yet I do not live here, and have never been here before. I have, therefore, no ax to grind and nobody's horn to blow, but am actuated by a desire to let the people of our great city, who may long for the inexpensive luxury of a brief respite from the dust, and din, and heat of the restless, surging Mineral Dock, Eecanaba, Mich.— page 69. j multitude, know what a delightful rural retreat lies I upon our very outskirts, where pleasure and rest are within the reach of all. I never till to-day so fully realized the force of the expression, ' Man made the city, but God made the country ; ' it was. perhaps, because the contrast was so great and so immediate — as the saying is, ' Out of Purgatory into Paradise. ' ''Lake Zurich is bolted all around with beautiful groves of timber, among the openings of which, grass-plats slope down to the pebbled beach, where the pure crystal waters lave the shore. The lake, as I am informed, aboui ds with fish of various kinds, the principal of which are pickerel and black bass, which may bo taken with the spear by torch- light in the shallower parts of the lake, or with hook and line, and by trolling. 52 TiiK XoKTH AM) West Illustrated. " I shall not soon forget my first visit to Lake Zurich; and, in conclusion, can only express the hope that hundreds of others, from our crowded and dusty city, nuiy enjoy, in this quiet and secluded retreat, tlio delij,'lit vliidi will not bo excelled thou^'h they travel hundreds of miles to find it." The above was written by a gentleman who has visited every celebrated watering place in this ■country and in Europe, and speaks from personal experience. Cary, ,38 miles from Chicago. This village of 100 j)C()ple is one mile from Fox river, in which is most excellent fishing. The village has one good 'hotel, in which sportsmen always find a hearty ■welcome. Crystal I,ako, by this route 43 miles from the county is very evenly divided between prairie and timber. In the county are thirteen flour mills run by water, twenty-seven cheese factories, and twenty-three butter factories. What is now Wood- stock was until 1SJ4 known as C'entreville, and as such had been the county seat for 7 years. The name was changed at request of the then County Clerk, and was named after Woodstock, Vermont. The city is built on a ridge running between Fox and Kock rivers, and has 2,500 inhabitants, a county court house, a theatre, four public halls, one hotel —The Wavcrly house, having 60 rooms, and several manufactories. The Woodstock Pickle Factory employs 50 men, and uses of cucumbers 34,000 bush- els, cabbage 10,000 tons, cauliflower 1,000 tons, and equally large lots of other vegetables yearly; in 1875 it produced over $350,000 worth of pickles. •A/vell known. Quinnessec Falls., in Menomonoe river, have a per- pendicular pitch of over ')0 feet, and a general de- ■ccnt of 150 feet in a mile and a lialf, besides many other rapids, where the river tosses and dashes through narrow and tortuous defile.s. Chii)])ewa Falls and J!ig Hull I-'alls might also be noted. Along the Wisconsin river are many grand and pic- turesque views; in Richland county the banks of the river rise to a height of 200 to 250 feet, and in auk county it passes through narrow gorges where die banks rise to 500 to (iOO feet elevation. Grand- father Bull Falls, the greatest rapids of the VViscou- mn river, are in north latitude 45, and are a scries of cascades breaking through a ridge 150 feet perpen- dicular height, for a distance of nearly two miles; on the same river, near latitude 44, is I'ctenwell I'eak, an oval mass of rock, 900 feet long by 300 wide and 2U0 high, and from which ton'manding views can be obtained. About 70 feet of the upper portion of this rock is cut and split ii to fantastic shapes, many of the fragments resembling castles, towers and turrets. A few miles from this rock is Fortification Kock, which rises perpendicularly several hundred feet. At The Dalles this river is compressed for live or six miles between red sand- stone blufl's, averaging over 100 feet in height. The principal lakes are Lake Winnebago, in the southeastern portion of the State— this lake is about .30 miles long and 10 miles w idc, and communicates with Green Bay (an arm of Lake Michigan) through Fox or Neenah river — Iloricon Lake, Devil's Lake, Lake Koshkonong, Lake Geneva, Lake Zurich, and the four lakes around Madison; these are the larger lakes of this lake-studded State. Along all the rivers of the State, and at their " heads," hundredt of little lakes are found, like gems glittering in the sunshine. Ishpeming, Wllch.— Its Hotel— page 71. Sliaron, 71 miles from Chicago. The first station ■we reach after crossing the State line is Sharon, a Tillage of 2,000 people, in Walworth county. A local history says: "Sharon village and township arc situated in the extreme southeast portion of the county, on the Chicago &, North-Wcstcrn Railway. The township contains two villages, Sharon and Allen's Grove, on the Western Union Railroad. The land is all valuable, there being no lakes or swamps. The business of Sharon village is in a thriving and healthful condition. The village has several churches and hotels, one newspaper, one academy, and one public school building. Its population in 1870 was 1 ,S<)5. The first settler in this town was John Rect'.er. who came the latter part of 18.'?fi or first of '37. He made a claim and broke the first Cround. Soon after came Josiah Topping, and settled at Topping's Comers. Here he built the first frame house, and here was erected the first school house in the township. The village was named for Sharon, Schoharie county, N. Y. Al- len's Grove has an academy building." Our notes show that Sharon now has two good graded public schools, a flour mill, a public hall, three churches, two hotels— The Corliss and The Wolcott, and the largest cheese factory in the State. Walworth county is said to have been the first organized, in 183S, when the Territory of Wisconsin embraced the country now known as the States of Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and parts of Nebraska, and of the Territory of Dakota. In the county are 21 lakes, amongst which arc Lakes Geneva, Crooked, Army, Potter's, Booth, Lulu, Coino. Turtle, White- water, Bass, Uolden's, Grove, Middle, Mill, Otter The Chicago & North-Wkstern" Railway. 55 and Pleasant, ranging from one-half mile wide and one mile long, to 3 or 4 miles wide to 10 or 12 miles long. All are stocked with flsh, and on several of them arc various pleasure boats, including yachtb and steamers, and on the shores of several are club iouscs and summer hotels. At Delavan, in this county, IS located the State Deaf and Dumb Asy- Jum, which is built on lands donated in 1857 by that well known philanthropist, F. K. Phoenix, of Bloomington, 111. This asylum has a school con- nected with it, in which 347 children have been taught. Clinton Junction, 78 miles from Chicago. We here cross the Western Union Railroad, which it will be remembered other branches of the C. & N.-W. Ry. have been shown to cross at Freeport and at Fulton. At this point we get connections for Darien, Delavan, Elkhorn, Springjield, and BurUnglon eastwardly, and for Rockton, Burand, Davis, etc., westwardly. The village is in Rock county, has 1,500 inhabitants, good schools, flour mills, three churches, the largest carriage factoi-y in the State, (owned by F. P. Wallis & Co.), and several manufactories. Its hotels are The Taylor House, by Lots Taylor, and The Snyder, by J. Sny- der. The surrounding country is mostly prairie, and furnishes fine chicken shooting in the fall. Shopiere, 82 miles from Chicago. The village, with its 500 population, is on Turtle creek, li miles from the station. It has one flour mill and two chnrches. Janesville, 91 miles from Chicago. This is the county seat of Rock county, which was organized in 1839, and now has over 30,000 population. Few ■counties in any State can show as beautiful and as diversified scenery, or as highly cultivated farms, as Rock county. Its earlier settlers, who were mostly from the State of Maine, brought with them the habits and industry of that far eastern State, and the county is to-day enjoying the fruits of those in- dustrious, intelligent pioneers. Janesville is noted for the beauty of its location, for its wide, clean streets, for its many thriving manufactories, for its fine business houses and residences, and for the thrift and " drive " of its enterprising people. It is often called the Chicago of Wisconsin. It is built on high ground, on both sides of Rock river, which furnishes the power for its many factories. Around the city are many groves of fine timber, and in its streets are many shade trees. These two facts have given it the name of " The Bower City." Its court house, built in 1871, is the finest in the State, and is built of cut stone and cream-colored •brick. It cost $100,000. It has six fine school houses, costing from $10,000 up ; its high school cost f50,000. It has 12 churches, that cost, each, from $40 000 (o $.50,000. The Wisconsin Institute for the Blind is located here. It has several banks and several live newspapers. Of its manufactories, the Harris Manufacturing Company, with a capital of $1.52,000, and $33,000 surplus, employs 200 men in buildings that covertwo (city) blocks of ground ; one furniture factory employs 40 men. and another 20 men. The McLean Manufacturing Co. make a specialty of ladies' water-proof cloth and shawls. The Doty Manufacturing Co. employs $150,000 capital, and besides manufacturing agricultural im- plements, it makes punching and shearing machines, washing machines, step ladders, warehouse tracks, etc. A cotton mill, with 200 looms, and employing 130 hands, is in constant operation; one shoe factory, employs 50 men ; a boot factory, 30 men ; a cotton batting factory, 20 ; a pickle factory, 20 ; and a planing mil., 20 hands. The population of the city is over 12,000, it liaving increased over 1,000 m the year 1875. Johnston, Johnston Centre, and Em- erald Grove, are villages tributary to Janesville, and off the line of any railv ay. At this point we cross a branch of the Milwaukee & St. Paul R'y, of which we sliall have more to speak when we reach Hanover, on our St. Paul line. Milton Junction, 99 miles from Chicago. We 'here cross the Prairie du Chien line, which gives you rail connections with WMteuater, Palmyra, Eagle, Waukesha, and Brookfield eastward, and Edgerton and r' .ughton, etc., westward. Going to either of these points, you shcu.d buy your tickets to Milton Junction. The vilLj; is 'he seat of Milton College, one mile from the station, and is one of the most thriving educational institutions of the State. Tho village has 400 inhabitants, is 5 miles from Lake Koshkonong (" The lake we live in "), which is noted for its fine fishing. Along its shores are many Indian mounds. The Morgan House is at the depot. Who has not heard of this cele- brated hotel and its mor) celebrated landlord? Koshkonong, 104 miles from Chicago. The lake of the same name is one mile distant, aid is 6 miles wide and 9 miles long. Its fush are black bass, pickerel, pike, yellow and silver perch, etc. Geese, ducks, brantand swans are unusually plenti- ful in its waters. Of ducks, we have canvas backs, red heads, mallards, wora, black heads and spike tails. Wild celery grows here in great abundance, and for canvas-back ducks this lake vies with the Delaware and Potomac rivers, and with Chesapeake bay. On the banks of the lake, Koshkonong House is built, and will accommodate 100 guests; The Bingham 30, and Koshkonong Club House 70. Another hotel, that will accommodate 200, is being erected. Tobacco is a staple crop in this part of Rock county. Fort Atkinson, 111 miles from Chicago. The city was named after General Atkinson, who, dur- ing the Black Hawk war, built a fort and stockade here. It is in Jeffer^on county, which was organ- ized in 18.36 and has over 35,000 inhabitants. Fort Atkinson has 3,000 inhabitants, and is built on both sides of Rock river. Rock Lake, Lake Mitts, Rip- ley, Cambridge and Rose lakes are near, and are all noted for their excellent shooting grounds, canvas back ducks being abundant in all of them. Con- siderable manufacturing is done in the city. The North Western Furniture Company uses $150,000 capital, and employs 200 hands; a wagon factory era- ploys 40 men ; a foundry, 30 men ; the flexible harrow factory, 40 men ; and a cheese factory, 20 men. The city has four schools and employs ten teachers. Five churches supply room for its worshipers. The Grand Mountain House, by J. H. Davis, gives homes for .50 guests, at $2.00 per day. There are several mineral springs near the city, two of which are especially celebrated for the cures per- formed by their waters. Whitewatei-, 9 miles, and Cambridge, 12 miles distant, are reached by daily stage, the first for 50 cents, and the last for 75 56 TiiK NoKTii AND West Illustrated. cents. Hebron is 9 miles off, and is reached three times weekly by ptage for 50 cents. Jem'rson.nriiiilesfromCUicago, thccountyseat of Jefferson Co. ,is located in t he centre of the county, and at the confluence of Hock and Crawfish rivers, with ample water |)o\ver on the lirst named stream. The city has 3,000 inhabitants, two fine graded schools, fine county buildings, Bruenig's Hall, fitted up as a theatre, and capable of seating GOO persons ; three banks, one newspaper, an excellent fire depart- ment, numbers of churches, one flour mill, one rope walk, a pork-packing establishment, si.\ hotels, with another nearly completed, a flue city hall, and many first-class business blocks, built of cream- colored (Milwaukee) brick. It has several flourish- ing nianufactt)ries, amongst which we note The Wisconsin Manufacturing Company, furniture, using $80,000 capital, and employing 80 hands; the Jefferson Woolen Mill Co.,- employing 30 hands, and uuiking 6,000 yards of cloth, besides selling 75,000 lbs. wool monthly ; and Copeland, Ryder & Co.'s boot and shoe factory. Commencing in 1868 with |;G,('00 capital, they now use $20,000 capital, and ^employ ^5 men; they sell annually J50,000 worth of boots and shoes, and proudly boast that they have never been obliged to stop work for want of a mar- ket or from "hard times" since the day they started. About $250,000 capital and over 300 men are employed in th ■ various manufacturing estab- lishments of tills ity. The Jeflersou Liberal In- stitute, a high grade, non-sectarian educational establishment, is located here, as is a large Roman Catholic school, both of which are in a flourishing condition, and are largely patronized by tbe citi- zens of the vicinity and of the surrounding county. Joliiison's Creek. 122mile8 from Chicago, has a population of 2.50, and is 1 mile from Rock river. It has a good school, two churches and one hotel. At Aztalan, 4 miles west, arc many curious Indian mounds and ancient fortifications— one, 1700 by 900 feet, quite closely resembling a prone mun. Watertown, 130 miles from Chicago, is a thriv- ing city of some 10,000 people, and is built on Rock river, whose waters arc utilized by three dams across the stream. Over one hundred liouses were built in the city in 1875, showing its rapid growth. It has many manufactories. It is the seat of two colleges— the German Lutheran Church controlling one, the other, "The College of the Lady of the Sacred Ileart," being a branch of the University (Roman Catholic) of Notre Uame, Indiana. Two large public halls, "Turners" and "The Music," will seal 1,.500 people. Twenty churches and three graded schools provide for the worship and tuition of citizens and children Five large hotels accom- modate the transient guests with first-class fare at reasonable rates. Five flour mills here make 1,000 barrels of flour daily, and furnish a market for much of the wheat that is so successfully gr,)\vn in tlie surrounding county. Lake Mills, 10 miles south, and Oconoinowoc, 12 miles east, are summer resorts, and are reached from this station over finely- graded roads. A branch of the Milwaukee & St. Paul road is crossed here, and gives rail connections eastward for Oconornowoc, 13 miles, and Penaukee, 25 miles, and westward for Waterloo, Marshall, Sun Prairie, Lowell, Columbus, etc. Clyman, 138 miles from Chicago. Has a popu- lation of 1,400 ; is in Do^ge county, and is a grow- ing town, surrounded by a fertile and thickly set- tled county. Husttjord, 8 miles distant, is tribu- tary. Juneau, 145 miles from Chicago. The county seat of Juneau county, which was named after Solomon Juneau, nn early settler of Dodge county , and has 48.000 population. The village has 50O inhabitants, ie built on elevated gmund inree miles west of Rock river; has one grain elevator, a cheese factory, a fine public scliool, four churches, a county court house and two notels. Fox, Bear, Lost and Mud lakes are contiguous to the village. The Wisconsin State Prison is in the northern part of the county, at Waupun Marys- ville, 12 miles northeast, Hustiford,BmU(iii. Neosho, 11 miles, Danville, 14 miles, and Eichwood, are tributary towns off the lines of railroad. Large bodies of iron ore are mined and smelted at Iron Mountain, 10 miles northeast. The Wis- consin and The Northwestern Iron Companies work the vein, and the last named smelt 12 to 11 tons of iron daily. Winter's mineral paint i» also made here. Minnesota Junction, 148 miles from Chicago This small village, 200 people, is an impor tani rail- way junction, and gives us rail connections for Beaver Dam, Fox Lake, Portage. City, Wanpun. Brandon, Berlin, Omro, and Winneconne ; i)as- sengers destined for these points should buy their tickets to Minnesota Junction, or to Burnett Junc- tion (which see). At the depot at Minnesota Junc- tion is found a good hotel, kept by Thomas Young, who accommodates guests at very reasonable rates, and furnishes excellent meals. Burnett Junction, 152 miles from Chicago This village of 200 people, is another important railway crossing point, and furnishes rail connec- tions to a large country northward. It has two good hotels, an odd-fellows' hall and a good tem- plars' hall. Fine shooting grounds are close to the village. Ducks, geese, swans and brant are found in countless numbers. Chester, 160 miles from Chicago. A village with 100 inhabitants. It has one hotel, with a mineral spring in connection, good school, and much excellent shooting on the lloricon marshes, which are close by. Kekaska. Maijsritle, Byron and Waupun (the latter with a population of 3,000, and reached by daily stage, ) are tributary, and seek theC. &N. W. R'y here. Oak Centre, 105 miles from Chicago, is a vil- lage of 200 souls, in the midst of a fine farming country. Oaklield, 168 miles from Chicago, has 400 inhabitants, one hotel, one school, two churches, three flour mills, and only one saloon-its people, being strictly temperate, discourage the use of spirituous liquors or tlieir sale. Darling's Gap, a popular local summer resort, is U miles from the station. MayvUte, 14 miles southeast, is reached weekly (Wednesdiiys) by stage. Fond du Lac, V,^ miles from Chicago via this route, but only 14S miles from Chicago by our Chi- cago, Milwaukee & Fond du Lac Air Line route, of which we shall speak hereafter. This city, witha population of 18,000 souls, is located at tUe south- The Chicago & North-Wbsteen Railway. 57 «m end of Lake Winnebago. The growth and pros- perity of the city is largely dependent on its manu- factures, of which it contains many of considerable importance. The city is built upon a prairie on the banks of the Upper Fox river, aud withm one mile of the lake. The river is deep, and navigable up to its forks, but to meet the necessities of manufac- turers it has been bridged at various points, and navigation confined to the north channel. The scenery that surrounds the city is worthy of men- tion,— a ledge of limestone rock, elevated some 200 feet above the level of the prairie, and in many cases presenting perpendicular precipices 75 to 100 feet high, borders the eastern and southern margins of the prairie on which the city is built ; from the base of this ledge hundreds of springs of cool, rippling •water gush out, and meander over the gentle slopes of the prairie in narrow channels to the lake. Westward from the ■city the ground gradually rises, alternating with prairie and tim- ber for some 25 miles. The sur- rounding country is fertile and thickly settled. The health ^i the city is and always has biMn good, probably in a great meas- ure consequent upon the water eupply, there being within the city limits overSOO artesian wi 11 out of W'hich the purest watti constantly flows from the depth of 60 to 400 feet. Amongst itb manufactures may be mentioned that of the celebrated La Belle Wagon, which employs 1.50 meT the sash, door and blind factoiv of C. J. L. Meyer, (which is the largest in the United States, ) in which are used over 14,000.000 feet of lumber, and from which are shipped products exceeding $1,000,000 annually; a large steam bakery, a paper mill, home to the hotel with an appetite that fills the heart of the caterer with delight. ' This is a favorite resort of the St Louisiana; so much BO, that several wealthy citizens of that city have erected permanent homes on the shores of th« lake, and now spend the summer months here. The Only Route to Green Lake. The only route by which you should attempt to reach Green Lake is via the Chicago & North- western Railway. Take t '..e train from the corner of West Kinzie and (Janal streets, via the Wisconsin Division, and go to Fond du Lac; at that point you leave this road, aiid take the Sheboygan «fc Fond du Lac Railroad for Green Lake Station. Or, you can leave from the above-named depyt, and go \\& the Milwaukee Division, to Milwaukee, then change cars, and take the train that runs over the Milwau- kee & Fond du Lac Air Line, for Fond du Lac and Green Lake. The train leaving Milwaukee by this last-named route will have through cars for Green Lake, so that, by either route, you will have to make but one change of cars. All the trains of the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad connect both ways at Fond du Lac with all the trains of the Chicago & North-Western Railway. Green Lake is 26 miles west of Fond du Lac, and, via Milwaukee, is 174 miles northwest of Chicago, or S"J miles north- west of Milwaukee. If j'ou cannot buy your tickets through to Green Lake, buy to Fond du Lac, and your fare will cost you no more than if you bought through. Green Lake is 6 miles west of Ripon, which is also a station on the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad. You should not be deceived into buying your tickets for Green Lake by longer, infe- rior, and more circuitous routes than the one named above. This is the only direct route, and the only one tourists should take. "M. L. R.," in a letter to the Chicago Tribune, says : " Here, in the heart of Wisconsin, secluded from the world of commerce and traflic, lies one of nature's most favored retreats. You hardly are aware of its existence, before you see the pale- green verdure of its hills, tlie deep, cool, delicious emerald of its forests primeval, and the rose-opal tint of its crystal waten^ Of course you do not drop upon it from the skies, at least I did not, but arrived in the ordinary way, by the mechanical apparatus of tlie railroad. I started, fair and square, from the North-Westem depot, in Chicago, and went by the way of Watertown and Janesville, to Fond du Lac. There I changed cars, taking the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac line to Green Lake. You can take your choice of leaving Chicago on the 9. -30 A.M. train by Janesville and Fond du Lac, arriv- ing here about 8.00 r. m., or go on the 10.00 train to Milwaukee, and have two hours to rest and refresh, making the same time here. "Having reached the depot at Green Lake, we alighted, tired and hungry. A long-bodit^d, thin- legged, black coach waited to carry us to the hotel. Into it we filed, and rode up hill and down, stopping only long enough to shy a leathern mail btig at an individual 8upi)oscd to represent the postmaster, who stood in front t)f an unoflicial-looking building, labeled Post Ollice. This was in the town of Dart- ford, the county seat, and quite a pretty village. We passed through it, and rode on through a line of dark woods, by a pleasant country road, till a The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 61 mile of distance was between us and the depot, when the omnibus drew up with a flourish at the Oakwood House. " It was not till I had breakfasted next morning, and stood, hat in hand, on the piazza of the Oak- wood, that I realized what a lovely dimple in the bosom of Nature I had fallen into. On every hand rose grassy slopes or cliffs, of unmistakable grand- eur. Wooded acres made a dark, rich background, against which were placed the beautiful villas of art and civilization; while far, far in the distance City of Marquette, Mich.— page 73 Reached only via C. & X.-W. Ry. gleamed, with the opaline light, the waters of Green Lake, that nestled at our feet. At every glance some new feature of beauty was added ; a white- winged ship; a tent, white and fair, amid the green foliage of the banks; the blue, curling smoke of an Indian encampment, just across the narrowest turn of the lake; and, directly near, the handsome grounds of Oakwood House, ornamented with Bwings and rustic seats, and summer houses, and croquet lawns, with a spice of evergreens in the air, and a buoyancy of atmosphere that made one glad of life, and health, and Heaven." If thou art worn and hard befet With sorrows that thou would'st forget; If thou wouUr,>it road a lesson that will keep Thy heart from fainting, aud thy soul from sleep — Go to tlie woods and hills ! No tears Dim the sweet look that Nature wears. Leaving this charming locality, we push west- ward and pass St. Marie, a pretty village of 800 people, and 35 miles west of Fond du Lac, arrive at the end of the road, and at Princeton, a smart, busy, bustling city of 2,000 people. Having made this never-to-be-forgotten trip, with its more than pleasant sojourn at Green Lake, we can again seek Fond du Lac and hie us northward to Vandyne, 185 miles from Chicago, a village of 100 souls, 2 miles from Lake Winnebago, having one school and one church. Oshkosh, 194 miles from Chicago. Population, 17,000. In 1673, Marquette started from Green Bay, and passing up the Lower Fox, came upon the lovely inland sea of Lake Winnebago, and was enrap- tured with the beautiful vision of nature that here spread before him, comming- ling woodland, opening and lake, glimmering like a gem in its emerald setting, and stretching away in the dim distance among the hazy points and headlands. The present site of Osh- kosh was the favorite stop- ping place of the early ex- plorers, who were attracted by the great beauty and commercial advantages of the situation, and the delightful and fertile country adjoining, now known as Winnebago county. The first settlers came as traders, and fixed a trading post there in 1818, near the head of Lake Buttes dee Morts, where the Indian trail between Forts Winnebago and Howard crossed Wolf river. This was immediately before the Indians were forced to leave their ancient hunting grounds— a distinct period — a line between barbarism and civilization ; an era of that wild, romantic mingling of the elements of barbaric and civilized life— the French and the Indian ; of daring adventure and patient endurance. Here was the paradise of Indian life, his choicest hunting grounds, its waters teeming with fish, and its woods, pastures and rich prairies filled with game. Here was fought one of the most bloody battles that ever took place, between the French, under the command of De Lovigny, and the warlike nations of the Sacs and Foxes. The Indians were fortified by ditches and palisades, which the French leader carried by assault. Hundreds of the Indians were slain in the contest, and were buried on the spot. The Tnrauli or Mounds, indicating their burial place, gave to the spot the name of " Buttes dcs Morts". (Hills of the Dead), and which also originated the name of Lake Buttes des Morts, on the northwestern boundaries of this city. 62 The North and Wkst Illustrated. Many were the wild Bceuea of frontier life that transpired here during the early occupancy of the French tradi-rs ; incidents that would make a vol- ume in themselves, and which are interwoven in- Beparubly with its hi.-tory. During the year 183(), a treaty was made at Cedar Rapids with the Menonionce Indians, by Governor Dodge, acting as commissioner, which resulted in the cession to the United States of over 4,000,000 acres of land, lying north of Fox river and west of Lake Winnebago. The city was incorporated in 1853. At this time the population was about 2,500. The great event for Oshkosh was the extension of the Chicago & North-Western Railway to this place, giving it connection by rail with the outside Beaumont House, Green Bay— page 66 world. The first train arrived on the 13th of October, 18:9. The city of Oshkosh is situated on one of the finest commercial sites in the Northwest, at the mouth of the I pper Fox river, on the western shore of Lake Winnebago. It is a situation of great natural beauty, overlooking the picturesque lake and river scenery of the vicinity. Lake Winnebago and the Fox and Wisconsin rivers formed the great com- mercial highway of the Northwest before the age of railroads, and many a glowing description was then written of the beautiful lake and river country now called Winnebago county— of its lovely prai- ries, openings and woodlands, its magnificent lakes and broad rivers, its fertile soil and salubrious cli- mate. The site of Oshkosh is a tract with an ele- vation from 12 to 20 feet above the level of the lake. The city extends for a distance of nearly three miles from the shore of Lake Winnebago up the Fox river to Lake Buttes des Morts, occupying the tract between the two lakes, and covering a ter- ritorial area of nearly eight square miles. Among the popular amusements are steamboat pleasure excursions to the various points on the lake, yachting and regattas, and drives through the beautiful surrounding country. SuKUouNDiNG CouNTKY.— The adjac(?nt country, nnd that stretching awuy from here to the south- west for hundreds of miles, is the richest agricul- tural district to be found in the habitable world- Its surface is undulating prairie and openings, with its rivers and lakes skirted with timber. The scenery of this combined woodland, prairie, lakes and rivers is surpassingly beautiful; disclosing picturesque rivers which stretch away in the far dis- tance like the varying pictures of a lovely pano- rama. The rivers and lakes abound in fish and water fowl, and the woodlands in game. The facil- ities for rural and aquatic sports have already made the locality famous for these enjoyments. OSHKOSU AS A Su.MMER ReSORT AND WaTEIIINO Place. —This citj' possesses a rare combination of natural features for a delightful summer resort and watering place. The climate is not surpassed in healthfulness; the air is pure and dry; and the invigorating breezes from the lake temper the heats of summer; the ~ :^^. scenery is lovely ; the lake a most mag- nificent sheet of water with beautiful shores, and good harbors that are acces- sible in every direction, thus afiFording the best of yachting facilities. The sur- rounding country is beautiful, with excellent roads, affording delightful drives and jjicturesquc views of lake and river scenery. Wild game is abun- dant in the vicinity, and is composed of blue and green-winged teal, mallard and wood duck, snipe, woodcock, quail and prairie chickens. The waters abound in black and white bass and other flsh, and brook trout are plentiful in streams within a day's travel. The city has suffered fearfully from fires, but, like the fabled Phoenix, it has arisen from its ashes stronger and bet- ter after each calamity. As a lumber- making point it is surpassed by few in The State Normal School and the North- ern Wisconsin Insane Hospital are located here. It has a fine brick court house, a high school and sev- eral ward public school buildings, a fine masonic hall, a large number of churches, and many manu- factories. Of its hotels, The Beckwith, The Revere, The Tremont, The International and The Seymour rank high. Wolf river is navigable for 150 miles from Oshkosh, and on it lines of steamers, connect- ing daily with the trains of the C. & N.-W. R'y, toT Buttes des Morts, Wi?ineconne, Tiiston, Mor- ton's Landing, Fremont. Gill's Landing, Weyau- wega, lioyalton, Iforthport, yew London, and Shawano. Another line of steamers also runs for Omro, Eureka and Berlin by the Upper Fox river. State Hospital, 198 miles from Chicago, is the station for the State Hospital for the Insane, which is 50 rods from th<' shores of Lake Winnebago; cost $1,500,000, and can accommodate 600 patients. It is under the care of Dr. Walter Kempster, late of Utica, N. Y. On an l8lanalUy. In the centre of the valley of the Fox, through which lay the celebrated pathway of "La Pere Miirfiuetle," down to the Mississippi— a valley which is thickly sifted with the ashes of the past, and is the heart of the historic interest of the State; the scene of her most bloody Indian wars, and the home of half her legends and traditions— in the centre of this valley has sprung up a swift civilization which has its outcome and expression in Outagamie county. The capital city of this county is the old " Grand Chute " of early times, or the Api'leton of to-day, a town long known to many tourists for the beauty of her surroundings, and in business circles for her energy and enter- prise. Wisconsin can boast no more charming summer resort than is this little city, bathed by a broad and rapid running river, and on the east approached by wild ravines and brilliant forests; on the west by fnlds of yellow wheat, gay apple orchards, and the finest farm lands of the State. The well-known Telulah Springs are at the east- ern extremity of the city, in a charming point on the brink of the river, and at the foot of a magnificent nat- ural beech and maple grove of full 50 acres. The water of these springs, which is crystal- clear, pours from the hillside near the stream, and has been carried into reservoirs, about 14 feet above the level of the river, the amount of the sup- ply being quite 6,000 gallons everyday. As stated by an ana- lytical chemist, "Telulah Spring water contains the same salts in about the same pro- portion as the Bethcsda," and like that celebrated spring, in curative qualities is unsur- passed, having peculiar efli- cacy in Bright's disease, dia- betes, all kidney affections, dropsy, etc. This spring, to- gether with Bethesda, holds high rank even in aState which flows with fountains, and is filled with mineral and medici- nal waters. The spring lies near the foot of the Grand Chute ra])ids, formed by the swift decline in the riverbed of 50 feet within a mile, and its surroundings are lovely and remarkable. The formation of the vuUey in which it is found is curious, and its story of the greatest interest. Some of the remarkable "burial mounds" of the State are within the dis- tance of a pleasant ride, and near these are several of the rock-traced pictures and inscriptions of a pre-historic race. The river abounds in fish, the wild rice tracts are filled with ducks, and the woods with much small game. Aitlkton is easily accessible to the great centres. It has now a popu- lation of about 8 000. and as a manufacturing ])oiut, has great importance in the State. It is well shaded, and is threaded by delightful drives, and filled with pleasant homes. In educational advantages the city stands without a i)eer within the State. Law- rence t'nivcrsity is here located, and the general school system is of the highest grade. The tone of society is moral to a high degree ; the citizens are law abiding and industrious, enterprising, ambi- tious and hospitable. Finally, the climate is delight- The Chicago & Nobth-Western Railway. 65 ful. The heats of summer and the frosts of winter are tempered, both, by nearness to the great lakes of the North, and altogether no more delightful watering place, or charming summer home can be discovered anjrwhere within the limits of a noble State. Hotel and boarding house accommodations are ample and first class. Little Chute, 219 miles from Chicago, is a. German village of 200 persons. Kaukauna, 221 miles from Chicago. Popula- tion, 800. Wrightstown, 226 miles from Chicago. Popula- tion. 1.400. These are thrifty villages, surrounded by a fertile farming coun- try, and good shooting and fishing grounds. Deer and bear are not scarce, while woodcock, snipe, ducks, geese, partridge, pheasants and smaller game abound. Otto Gut- trer, a noted hunter, lives at Wrightstown, and is always glad to show the stranger where game is to be found. This village has some large saw mills, in one of which 60 men find work day and night. The American is its best hotel. Snidersville, Hol- landtown and Askeaton are tributary villages. Liittle Kaukauna, 231 miles from Chicago, is merely a way station. De Pere, 236 miles from Chicago, is a thriv- ing manufacturing city of 4,000 people, built on both sides of the Upper Fox river, and is reached by the largest lake steamers. Two extensive iron smelting furnaces here employ many men, and weekly produce large quantities of fine pig metal. The De Pere iron works manufacture railway cars. The city has fine schools, public as well as secta- rian; eight churches, and one fair hotel. The Oneida Indian reservation is Z}i miles west, and has on it 1,600 semi-civilLzed Indians. Fort Howard and Green Bay, 242 miles from Chicago. Fort Howard is on the west side of Fox river, one mile from its mouth, opposite to Green Bay, and connected with it by four bridges. It was an early military post, hence its name, and yet has some citizens who were drawn here by its soldier attractions. It has one hotel, a newspaper, and a fine growing business. The population con- sists of about 4,000 souls. Green Bay is noted as having been one of the first settlements made by white men— here the ban- ner of the Cross was first erected, and here the first mass said, in the territory now included within the limits of the State of Wisconsin— and is almost without a rival in the State in the inducements It offers to summer tourists, or to those who desire a cool and pleasant retreat from the heat and mala- ria of the South. The ancient settlement has nearly passed away, but there remains sufficient to recall the memories of the past; while the modem- city, with its spacious and elegant hotels, its fine school houses and other public buildings, its large and well-filled stores, and its beautiful private residences, make a pleasing contrast with the remains of the past. The city is surrounded on all sides but one by water; lying in the point of land at the confluence of the Fox and East rivers, and about a mile from, the mouth of the former. Both of these rivers are navigable for steamers, the Fox river being navi- gable for tjie largest class of lake vessels. It has also connection, through the Green Bat & Min- The Cliff House, Devil's Lal«e, Wis.—page 82. nesota Railway, with Winona, St. Paul and' Minneapolis, and all the magnificent scenery of Northern Minnesota. It is connected with both shores of Green Bay by comfortable and convenient steamers. A line of steamers connects with the trains of the Chicago & North-Western Railway, and makes tri-weekly trips up the east coast of Green Bay, making landings at Fish River, Stur- geon Bay, and other ports on that shore. Green Bay, with its suburbs, contains a popula- tion of 12,000 to 15,000 persons. It is noted for the healthfulness of its climate— enjoying almost en- tire immunity from all epidemic diseases. The city is laid out with great precision and regularity— its streets being all broad and straight, and the most of them are shaded by rows of magnificent old maples, elms and poplars on cither side, that, va. some cases, interlace their boughs in the centre; this gives to the place a charming rural aspect, while at the same time it has all the advantages, comfortsand refinements of a large city. The water supply is excellent, being mostly clear, cold, living springs, gushing out from the surface of thfr ground, or deep artesian wells. The days are com- fortably warm, and the nights always deliciously cool for sleeping. For amusements, there are magnificent drives cx- tendiiig in every direction from the city, with syi- m The North and West Illustrated. Tan, picturesque scenery, beautiful cascades, and everything to please the eye. The Fox river is here about 1,500 feet wide, and 25 to 30 feet in depth, spanned by throe handsome carriage and foot bridges, free to all. The river gradually ex- pands out into Green Kay, a beautiful sheet cf water, 120 miles long, with an average width of 15 miles; this gives unexcelled advantages for yacht- ing, an amusement much indulged in by the citizens and visitors. Steam yachts also ply between the city and jjoints of interest in the vicinity. The bay has a gently shelving, gravelly or sandy beach. andbathingin the pure, crystal waters is a fayorite pastime. There are aUo excellent Ashing grounds and jilenty of flsh, with good hunting in its season. There are three large, flrst-class hotels in the city, viz: The Beaumont House, terms, $3 per day and $17.50 per week; Cook's Hotel, $2 per day and $8..50 tc(on, 31 miles, are small villages. New London, 39 miles from Green Bay, having a population of 2, .500, is in Waupaca county, 20 miles from the city of Waupaca, the county seat, which is reached, during the season of navi- The Chicago & North-Western Railavay. 67 gation, by steamers on the Wolf and Waupaca rivers, and by stage during the winter. New London is built at the confluence of the Wolf and Embarras rivers. The sur- rounding country is heavily covered with hard wood timber, and has a deep, black soil, which is very productive under cultivation. The city has two large ward school houses and one German academy, six churches, several manufactories, and six hotels. NortJiport, Boyalton, Ogdensburg, Scandinavia, Amiierst, and Plover, are thrifty vil- lages, with a population of from 100 to 1,200 each. Grand Rapids, 96 miles from Green Bay, with a population of 2,000, is the county seat of Wood county which was organized in 1856, and has a population of 8,000. The county is heavily timbered with hard woods. In the village are three churches, two schools, one occupying a building which cost $20,000, and will accommodate 600 scholars ; three public halls, two hotels, and six saw mills. In the vicinity there is over 35,000 acres of cultivated cranberries. Dexterville, 110 miles from Green Bay, is a flourishing village of 2,000 people. Merrillan, in Jackson county, is at the crossing of the West Wisconsin Railway, which furnishes direct rail connection for St. Paul, 130 miles north The village has a popu- lation of about 500 per- sons, two schools, a flour- ing mill, and a saw mill. Arcadia, 192 miles from Green Bay, is built on the Trempealeau river, has a population of 1,000, two schools, four churches and three hotels. There'' are many trout streams in the vicinity, and large numbers of brook trout are taken here every season. At 214 miles from Green Bay we reach the city of Winona, which will be described hereafter. Having hurriedly made the trip across the State, we now return to Fort Howard, and pursue our journey northward. On the Baraboo, near EIroy, Wis.— page 85. Dock Creek, 847 miles from Chicago; an unim- portant station. Big Suamico, 251 miles from Chicago. Has two hotels, one school and two paw millH. Little Suamico, 257 miles from Chicago. Un- important. Brookside, 262 miles from Chicago. A new and small place. Pensankee, 266 miles from Chicago, is in Oconto county, and in the midst of the pine lum- ber country. It has 300 population, one first-class brick hotel, that has 100 rooms; one school, and one church. West Pensaukee is five miles distant. Game of all kinds abound in this vicinity. Oconto, 271 miles from Chicago. This city, of 5,000 people, is on Oconto river, two miles from its mouth. Oconto Falls are 16 miles distant; Stiles, 12 miles west, and Gillettown, 30 miles west, are reached by stage. This city, with Peshtigo and many other villages and a large expanse of country, were burned over in October, 1871. Hundreds of persons perished, and millions of dollars worth ot The North and West Illustrated. property w^re consumed. Many marks of this ter- rible calamity are still plainly visible. In the city is the county court house, jail, and other county buildings; six schools, three public halls, eeven churches, many lumber mills, and four hotels. Caviots, 280 miles from Chicago, is au unimpor- tant station. Peshtigo, 284 miles from Chicago, is on Peshtigo river, seven miles from its mouth. Lumbering, and commerce incident thereto, occupy the time, talents and capital of its citizens. Thirty-flve miles above the city are Big, or Chameleon, Falls, 90 feet per- pendicular, and on same stream are Roaring, Cal- dron, and Eagle's Nest Fulls, nearly as great. Thunder Lake, River Medicine, Gravel and Trout Lakes, are near, and are full of fish. Brook trout are caught in great abundance in many of the streams of the vicinity. Deer, bear and other game are plentiful. The city has several good hotels, where sportsmen are lodged and fed at very reason- able rates. CHEAP LAND FOR THE FARMER. The CniCAGO & North-Western R.vilway CoMrAXV have for sale, in the States of Wisconsin and Michigan, 1,003,1(78 acres of Farming, Timber and Piile Lands, in tracts of 40 acres and upwards, at from $2 to $12 per acre. The timber on these lands consists — according to locality and soil — of pine, maple, beech, white oak, red oak, birch, ash, basswood, hemlock, and cedar, wliich is valuable for charcoal and manufac- turing purposes. Large tracts of these lands are in the imme- diate vicinity of the iron mines of Michigan and Wisconsin, and from the charcoal alone that can be manufactured from the heavy growth of timber thereon, par- ties purchasing can pay for them at the prices charged by the Com- pany for said lands, and have money left to ena- "' ble them to convert the lands from which the timber has been taken Willow River Falls, near Hudson, Wis.— page 88. for charcoal purposes, into productive farms, for the products of which they can at all times obtain the higiiest market prices in the mining and lumbering districts in the immediate neighborhood of these lauds. Of the above lands, 639,750 acres are in the State of Michigan, adjacent to and on each side of said Company's railroad, which has been fully completed and is now in successful operation between Lake Superior and the Wisconsin State Line ; and the balance of said lands, 364,228 acres, are in the State of Wisconsin, between the Michi- gan State line and Township line No. 30, and between Ranges 10 and 18 East, and are bounded on the north by the Brule and ISIenomonee rivers, and are traversed by the Wolf. Oconto, Peshtigo, Pine and other rivers, on which the piue timber taken from these lands is annually floated to the various places of manufacture thereon. The Chicago & North-Western Railway. Marinette, 291 miles from Chicago. This city, of 4,000 people, is on the south side of the Menom- onee river, which here forms the boundary between the States of Wisconsin and Michigan. The business of the city pertains to lumbering in some form. It has ten saw mills employing over 5,000 men, and manufacturing 150,000,000 feet of lumber yearly; one blast furnace employs 80 men. In the city are three schools, four churches, two public halls and two hotels. Several trout streams ^re near. Crossing the Menomonee river on a fine bridge, we reach the depot for the city of Menomonee, 293 miles from Chicago, and are in the State of Michigan. Here, also, "lumbering" is the leading business. It has five large saw mills, that employ 600 men; an iron furnace, employing "5 men; a court house, that cost $30,000; a brick and stone town hall, that cost $6,000; four schools, four churches, and two good hotels. Population, about 4,000. Without delaying long at BiKCH Creek, Wallace, Stephenson, Gbavel Pit, Eaglet, Kloman, Spalding, Feb- Rr, Bark Eivbr, or Ford RiTER, which are mere side ^ tracks, we hurry on to " Escanaba, 357 miles from Chicago. This is one of the pleasantest summer resorts there is in the West. It is situated at the head of Little Bay Dee Noques, at the north end of Green Bay. The water of the bay, clear as crystal, washes the streets of the city on two sides, while the Escanaba river forms the third, and the aromatic "piney woods" close well down on the other side. Good hotels offer quiet and comfortable quarters for tourists who may wish to spend days or weeks here fishing, boat- ing or bathing. White Fish Bay in this vicinity offers rare sport for fishermen, and every little stream (and they are numerous) is almost alive with the ever beautiful brook (spotted) trout. From Es- canaba excursions are fitted out in various direc- tions. Those not caring for fishing can take to the "woods," and find bear and deer in abundance, to say nothing of ducks, geese, brants, partridges and smaller feathered game. This is now a favorite summer resort to the people of Chicago. It has a population of 3,000, and is adjacent to the vast mineral regions, for which this section of country is renowned. The hotel accommodations are unsur- passed. The Tilden House is the largest, and first- class in all its appointments, and located immedi- ately on the bay shore; surrounded by beautiful groves and parks, laid off in flower beds, and beau- tiful serpentine walks and carriage drives; being well supplied with boats— both rowing and sailing — fishing tackle, and professional guides in readi- ness to convey guests to the trout streams. The Luddington House has accommodations for 100 guests. The climate of Escanaba is unsurpassed. During the hottest of the summer months the ther- Pulplt Rock, on the St. Croix, near Hudson, Wis.— page 88. mometer ranges at about 80 degrees, averaging but 6.5 degrees during the entire summer season. The place is rapidly becoming one of the most popular summer resorts of the Lake Superior district, and, from present indications, the coming season prom- ises to eclipse all previous ones in point of visitors from all sections of the country. To sportsmen, fond of hunting or angling— the naturalist in quest of the curious and wonderful in nature, in connection with the iron, silver, lend, copper and gold deposits of Lake Superior— the business man, socking rest and health in a pure, invigorating air— Escanaba offers unsurpassed advantages. At Escanaba are extensive mineral docks owned by the railroad, and into which (through the spring, summer and fall months), from 700 to 800 cars, daily, of iron ore 70 The North and West Illustkated. and pig iron, hiiuled from the iron regions around Negaunec and l.slipuniing, arc depos^ited, the daily average being about 7,000 tonn. From these docks vessels load for all the portu of the lower lakes. The country beyond Escanaba is not very invit- ing, but contains many fine brook trout streams, and deer, bear a:id other game and fur-bearing animals. The sport.sman, fisherman or trapper will find ample employment and sport here. Passing along the classic shores of Goose Lake, we soon reach Negaiinee, 419 miles from Chicago. Here we are in the midst of the celebrated iron regions of On the St. Croix, near Taylor's Falls, Minn.— page 88, Lake Superior. Surrounded on all sides by the mines and furnaces of some thirty or more mining companies— this busy city does not present an attractive appearance to the fashionable visitor or to the " kid glove" tourist, but to him who would view nature in her wildness, or who would go with the harily, industrious miner into the mines, and seek out the precious gems that ftre found there, this place has an abiding attraction. The city contains over 4,000 people, is built in a narrow valley, surrounded by high and broken hills, and is 1,400 feet above Marquette, which is only 1,3 miles distant. It is well supplied with schools, churches, hotels, newspapers and business houses. In the vicinity are many romantic and picturesque spots, well worth visiting. Game is abundant and brook trout more than plentiful. Excanatia River, Utile Lake, Cascade, Lake Mictiigammi and Jleuomonee Jiiver are within visiting dir-tancos, and a visit to them will amply repay the tourist. Of all of the gems of this wild country, you must not fail to 8e« Teal Lake, as beautiful a body of water as eye ever looked upon. We reproduce a scene on the lake, that has been painted by Edward Schrottky, a rihing young artist of this place. Our wood-cat does poor justice to the beauty of the picture or of the lake. On the farther side of the lake, and to the left of the picture, may be seen a house. Its history is not unromantic. Many years ago, an Eastern gentleman, with an only daughter, about 20 years of age, settled at Chicago. The moist air from Lake Michigan did not agree with the lady, and she daily faded. An Indian chief, at Fort Dearborn, told the father, of the pure, dry air of the hills of the great northern lake, and drew no mean picture of the country about Negaunee and Teal Lake, and urged that the daughter should be taken there. Anxious to adopt any means that seemed to promise hope to the almost dying girl, the lumber for a house was prepared. Mild with an ample supply of hand- -> line, costly furniture, was placed on a vessel, chartered to run as near Teal Lake as possible. In due time this vessel reached the port where Marquette has since bfcn built. Friendly Indians " packed " the cargo of the vessel over almost pathless wilds, 13 miles to the site shown in our picture, and in course of time the house was built, furnished and occupied by the invalid and her father. A happy year was passed; bloom again came to the wan cheek and fire came to the dimmed eye; but, alas, only to mock the . hopes of the doting parent. With the coloring of the leaves the next fall, the father bore the body of h i s dead child to his far-oiT Eastern home, and abandoned house, fur- niture and all. The Indians, with superstitious dread, kept away from the place, and everything remained as the owner had left it until a few years ago, when the white man prospected the country, and settled here to rob the hills of their mineral treasure. Having none of the scruples of the un- taught savage, he did not respect the home of the dead girl, and soon stripped it of its contents, so that to-day the house alone is left. It stands there, a monument to the now dead and almost forgotten father, who, in its buildingand furnishing, expended over 880,000. The jjlace is known as "The White House." Ishpemlnis:, 423 miles from Chicago. This city, of over 6,000 people, is in the same iron region as the last named. Many mines are close to its limits andwithin the city proper— the Cleveland, producing 1.50,000 tons yearly; the Lake Superior, 150,000 tons; Barnum, 50,000 tons; Pittsburgh and Lake Angeline, 40,000 tons each. Deer L ike furnace, two miles off, produces 10,000 tons yearly of charcoal pig metal. In the city are five churches, one school, with 11 The Chicago & North-Western Railway. n teachers, occupying a building that cost $52,000. The Bamum House is a first class hotel, kept by Robert Nelson. It has 90 rooms, is lighted with gas, supplied with hot and cold water and bath rooms, heated with steam throughout, finely fur- nished, and cost, with its furniture, some $80,000. It was opened in June, 1875, and is admirably kept. Ishpeming is the northern terminus of our line. Marquette, 4.35 miles from Chicago, though not directly on the Chicago 48,281 tons. The aggic gate product of pig iron from 1858 to 1875, inclusive, was 719,351 tons. Names of iron mines and furnaces, with location, on the Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad: Marquette and Pacific furnace, Mar- quette; Carp fur:, ace, Marquette ; Grace furnace, Marquette; Bancroft furnace, Ban- croft; Morgan furnace, Morgan; Rolling Mill mine, Negaunee; McCombcr mine, Negaunee; Jackson mine, Negaunee; New York mine, Ishpeming; Cleveland mine, Ishpemmg; Lake Superior mine, Ishpeming; Lake Angeline mine, Ishpeming; Sagi- naw mine, Saginaw; Winthrop mine, Saginaw; Shcnango mine, Saginaw; Greenwood furnace. Greenwood; Michigan furnace, Clarksburg; Wash- ington mine, Humboldt; Edwards mine, Humboldt; Franklin mine, Humboldt; Hungerford mine, Humboldt; Republic mine. Republic; Kloman mine, Republic; Pcuinsula mine, Republic; Metropolis mine, Republic; Eric mine, Republic; Cannon mine. Republic; Keystone mine. Champion; Cham- pion mine. Champion; Michigammi mine, Michi- gammi; Harney mine, Michigammi; Spurr mine, Spurr; Steward mine, Spurr. Again referring to L'Anse, we would say, that here close connection is made with the staunch iron Bteamer "Ivanhoe," belonging to the L'Anse, Houghton & Hancock Transit Company, which runs to the port of Houghton, the distributing point for the copper district, embracing Houghton county and a part of Keweenaw Point. The steam- boat trip from L'Anse to Portage lake occupies about three hours, the steamer passing through the beautiful sheet of water known as Keweenaw bay, and the picturesque Portage river and lake, all of which are renowned for their scenic eflects, etc. Portage lake is noted as the site of a number of thriving industries, which include stamp mills, copper smelting works, foundries, machine shops, candle factories, copper rolling mill, saw and plan- ing mills, etc., etc. Portage lake has two thriving towns, Houghton and Hancock. The former is tho The Fails of St. Anthony, Minn.— page 94. county seat of Houghton ct)unty. Its situation, on the side of a hill, is an attractive one, and its excel- lent hotel, one of the best— The Northwest— makes the place a desirable summer resort. Ail the great copper mines of Lake Superior can be reached from this town within an hour and a half. On the oppo- site or north side of Portage lake is the nourishing town of Hancock, which is the western terminus of the Mineral Range RaiIro:ul, a line of narrow gaugo railway, ia operation between the famous Calumet and Hecla mine and Portage iake. During the season of navigation, all points of interest on Lake Superior, including the silver mines of Ontonagon, the copper mines of Isle Royal, the North Shore silver mines, Duluth, Bayfield, Superior City, etc., can be reached from Portage lake, it being the eastern and southern terminal point for a line of steamers, calling at all the localities named. The climate of Portage lake in the summer is one of the most delicious on the American continent, and, aside from its great attraction as the site of the 14 The North and West Illustrated. largest copper industry in the world, the tourist or pleasure seeker will find much to interest in study- ing the scenery on either side of the lake. The section also affords some excellent trout streams. Names of silver and copper mines in the Lake Superior country, which may be reached via Mar- quette, Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad, and steamers from L'Anse : Copper— Calumet and Uecla, Copper Harbor, Atlantic, Hancock, Eugle River, Pewabic, Allouez, Franklin, Osceola, Phoe- nix, Quincy, All)auy and Bos. Silver— Superior, Cleveland, Collins, Ontonagon, Pittsburg, Excel- sior, Scrantou, Luzerne, and several others. PouTAGE Lake is an irregular body of water, about twenty miles in length, extending nearly across Ke .veenaw Point to within two miles of Lake The Mills a\ Minneapolis, Minn.— page 90 Superior. Steamers and sail-vessels drawing 12 feet can pass through Portage Entry, and navigate the lake with salety. This body oi water was an old and favorite thoroughfare for the Indians, and tlie Jesuit Fathers who first discovered and explored this section of the country. During the winter months the atmosphere is very clear and transpar- ent in the vicinity of Houghton, and all through Keweenaw Point; objects can be seen at a great distance on a clear day, while sounds are conveyed distinctly through the atmosphere, presenting a phenomenon peculiar to all northern latitudes. This is the season of health and pleasure to the permanent residents. Portage and Lake Sih'brigr Ship Canal. This important work was commenced iu 1808, and finished in 1873, at a cost of about $2,500,000. Its length is 2}^ miles, with piers (KX) feet in length, extending out into Lake Superior on the north, affording a safe entrance for downward bound vessels. The canal is 100 feet wide, 15 feet deep, with banks rising from 20 to 35 feet above the water. At its southern entrance into Portage lake, 8 miles above Houghton, it runs through a low marshy piece of ground, then enters the lake about half a mile wide. Below Houghton it connects with the Portage Lake and River Improve- ment, 14 miles in length, making the distance across from lake to lake, 24 miles. Hancock, Honghton connty, Michigan, is situated on the north side of Portage lake, oppo- site to the village of Houghton, with which it is connected by a steam ferry and a bridge. The town was first laid out in 1858, an.l now contains about 2,000 in- habitants, including the mining population on the north side of lake, its sudden rise and ])rosperity being identified with the rich deposit of native copper in which this section of country abounds. The site of the village is on a side-hiU rising from the ike level to a height of about .500 feet, where the openings to the mines arc situated. Here are one congregational, one method- ist, and one Roman catholic church; two banks, two public houses, the iSinniitr Mine and stamping-mill, a number of stores and warehouses, one steam saw mill, one barrel factory, one foundry and machine shop, and other manufac- turing establishments. In the vicinity are four extensive steam stamping mills, worked by the difi"erent mining companies— the Quincy, Pewv bic and Franklin. Prom Marquette to Duluth, via STEA^rER. From Marquette, or from Honghton. yon can take steamer to Isle Royale, Silver Islet, and Duluth. The steamers leave Marquette in the morning, and pass by the Huron islands, Manitou Island, Keweenaw Point, past Fort William, Eagle Harbor, Eagle River, Ontonagon, the Pewabic Copper Mines, Copper Harbor, Ashland, Bayfield, and so up to Fond du Lac and Duluth. We have an attract- ive trip, on magnificent boats, over the largest lake in the world. Lake Superior is noted for its clear, cold water (it being so clear that from the deck of the steamer yon can plainly see the great lake trout playing in the water forty feet below the surface); you pass within sight of the shores of the lake, which are in many places mountainous, and clothed in the verdure of the pme, hemlock, spruce, fir, and other evergreen trees. A more delightful trip for the hot days of summer cannot be had within tta« The Chicago & Nokth-Westeri^ Railway. 75 bounds of the American continent. Ttie steamers are large, staunch, finely equipped, and commanded by officers whose superiors in courtesy and kind- ness cannot be found anywhere. You can visit Duluth and Marquette during same trip, going to Duluth via St. Paul, and returning via Marquette, or vice versa, if you procure the round trip ticlcets issued by the Chicago & North-Western Railway, at Chicago. The following letter gives some idea of a trip by steamer on Lake Superior: "'To Duluth via the North Shore and Silver Island,' is au announcement I read in a Marquette newspaper on Mondaj' last. I lost no time in se- curing passage on the splendid steamer St. Paul, of Ward's Lake Superior Line. Leaving Marquette on the following morning, favored by a cloudless sky and an unruffled sea, the run to Houghton and Hancock was en joy ably made in about eight hours. Several substan- tial stone buildings are being constructed in Houghton, while the narrow-gauge rail- road from Hancock to the Calumet Mine — a distance of twelve miles— and the lively business it does, give to Han- cock a metropolitan aspect. "As the day was fading into night, our boat steamed down the copper-colored lake (Portage lake), amid rugged scenery — forest-covered hills towering on each side, and, eight miles distant, entered Portage Lake canal. This cut is without locks, is one hun- dred feet wide, two and one- quarter miles long, has a good depth of water, and cost $2,500,000. At its Lake Supe- rior end a locomotive head- light, perched upon what re- sembled a primitive pigeon- coop, lighted us out into the lake. With the prow of our vessel turned northward, and the Captain's assurance that daylight would bring us to Silver Islet, the hundred or more excursionists turned into their berths. " Isle Royale first came in sight. The vast min- eral deposits there discovered, attract to it much attention. It is situated within thirty miles of the north shore, and a natural wonderment is how it came to be included within the United States. The simple fact is, that when the treaty defining the boundary line was made, the British Commissioner did not know its value, while Benjamin Franklin, the American Commissioner, did. During his resi- dence in Paris, as Ambassador of the United States, he had discovered among the French archives the reports of Jesuit explorers, dating back to 1(530, which announced the existence of rich copper- deposits on this island. Keeping this information to himself, when the treaty was being drawn up. he, without assigning a reason, insisted upon this island being secured to the United States. The British did not deem it worth while to object. Franklin then wrote home that he had secured for the Republic all the copper the country would ever need. He had then no idea that rich deposits of the same ore would be found throughout Keweenaw Point. "The island is about fifty miles long by ten in width. Its surface is rugged, and inviting only in midsummer. Its shores are indented with numer- ous bays and inlets, capable of floating the largest craft. Near the middle of the island are two lakes --Desorand Siskawit. "A vein of silver was opened in the western end White Bear Lake, Minn.— page 91. of the island, and, as it lies on the same range as Silver Islet, it is believed that silver ore predomi- nates. But the fabulous reports about Silver Island — of pure silver nuggets, large as a man's head, found in its matchless vdin— engrossed our curiosity and chaUenged our belief. To the Indians it was not unknown. For many years they had exhibited silver specimens to the citizens of Ontonagon, on the south shore, but could not be induced to reveal the location of the mine. "Among the thousands of islands of varying size which cluster along the north shore, t^ilver Islet seems like a mere speck on the surface. At no point was it more than five feet above the level of the lake, while its dimensions were less than 76 The North axo West Illustrated. eighty feet pquare. When its marvelous value was discovcrcfi, the obstacles in the way of opening the vein seemed insurmountable. The islet is about a mile distant from the main land, ujjon which the Bettlement is located. More than live hundred feet of crib-worlc has been thrown out in the form of a squ'ire, starting from the middle of the i.«lct, and running southeast. Inside this protection, and around the richest part of the vein, a coffer-dam has been constructed. A shaft has been let down to the si.xth level— about four hundred feet — at which depth good ore is now being mined. The operations of silver and copper mining are ';imilar. The opening of the shaft rarely exceeds six feet square. The veins are readied by what are termed "levels." On Silver Islet they are about seventy feet apart. After a vein has been followed as far as thought profitable, the shaft is sunk ten feet deeper, when the vein below is reached. The waste material thrown out has been used to fill in around the island, thus largely increasing its dimensions. Upon this mide gfound, and upon piles driven in, numerous build- ings have been erected. Lnoscly lying around the islet are piles of rocks taken from underground which are said to contain more sil- ver than is found in the most pro Stable mines in Nevada and Col- orado. '■ Six miles west of silver Islet, ^ , ^ i. ^ ^ Thunder Cap^ Oak Crove House, Cedar juts far out into the water, and looms up fully 1,350 feet above the level of the lake. This bold promontory present! a grand aspect — the most striking on the north shore. It marks the entrance to Thunder Bay, in which Prince Arthur's Landing and Fort William — both considerable settlements^ are situated. In some places Thunder Bay rises from the water almost perpendicularly, present- ing a basaltic appearance, while it is rendered more awful from its having upon its summit an extinct volcano. The Canadian Government has located a lighthouse at its highest point. From its summit magnificent views are obtiiined of the majestic scenery in the vicinity. Islands, varying in length from one hundred feet to half that num- ber of miles, are seen as thickly strewed as are the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence. Within a dozen miles north they are coimted by hundreds. "Indian tribes still roam over the vast territory from Lake Superior to Hudson's Bay on the north. The mountainous peaks they regard with especial veneration and awe, associating with them fabulous legends. They believed the thunder-clouds were gigantic birds, whose nesis were on the highest hills, and whose cries were heard aTar oT. The head they assumed resembled an eagle's, having on one side a wing and a paw, and on the other an arm and one foot. The lightning was supposed to issue from the beak through the paw, by which it was launched forth in fiery darts over the country. From this superstition the locality became invested with the name Thunder. "Bounding Thunder Bay on the south is Pie Island. The Indians name it after the Tortoise. It is eight miles long by five miles wide, and in one place rises to an altitude of eight hundred and fifty feet. The highest point is basaltic, resembling the Hudson river pali- sades. " Westward, along the shore, the prospect is ever pleasing. There is the (-ame rugged, mountain- ous shore, cover- ed with spruce, pine, birch, bal- sam, and cedar trees. About one hundred and twen- ty miles northeast . . „. from Duluth, the Uake.M.nn.-pageOI. boundary line is defined by a small trout stream, called Pigeon river, which empties into a beautiful buy of the same name. Our very obliging captain, Albert Stewart, ran into the bay to the mouth of the n'ver — five miles from the lake— simply to enable us to view the grand scenery and the insignificantly small boundary line. Majestic hills, covered with thick foliage, encircle the bay. About a nrle up the river, water falls ninety feet into a chasm, then rushes through a gorge into the bay. At this remarkable spot one white man — C'apt. Parker — dwells, fishing and hunting in British or American territory, at his pleasure. " Ten hours subsequent sail brought us to Duluth." and you will find that at Harvard June- road diverged westwardly. This we will Please retrace your reading a few pages, tion, 62 miles from Chicago, a line of this now follow up and see of what it consists. THE CHICAGO, MADISON & ST. PAUL LINE. When first opened, this was known as " The Elroy Route," and was named from the City of Elroy, through which it passes. This through line consists of the Tub Chicago & Nortii-Westerk Railway. 11 Chicago & North-Western Railway from Chicago to Elioy, (Wisconsin Division Chicago to Harvard Junction, and Madison Division Harvard Junction to Elroy), and the West Wisconsin Railway from Elroy to St. Paul, with the St. Paul & Pacific Railroad to make up its Minneapolis extension. The line is here, as it should be, treated and looked upon as one line, as it is so operated, advertised and fostered. It is essentially a great through route, and as far as the public see, know, or can feel, is but one rail- road. Its trains of Pullman Palace Drawing Room Sleeping cars run through without change twice daily between Chicago and St. Paul, and no break is made in the journey. We would here say this is the only road that runs Pullman Palace cars between Chicago and St. Paul by any route. Leaving Chicago from the Wisconsin Division depot of the Chicago & North- Western Railway, on the corner of West Kinzie and Canal streets, tlie route of its trains follows the line of the route we have de- scribed for the Green Bay & Lake Superior Line, as far as Harvard Junction, 63 miles from Chicago ; thence it passes through Rock, Dane, Sauk, Juneau, Monroe, Jackson, Eau Claire, Dunn and St. Croix j counties, in Wisconsin, crosses the St. Croix river! at Hudson, and passes j thi'ough Washington and into Ramsey county, in| Minnesota, to St. Paul and | to Hennepin county, at Minneapolis. Along this line is some striking scen- ery — first, the beautifully cultivated and fertile val- leys of Rock county, then! the charming lake region* inDane county, and around the capital of the State, Madison ; then the broken and picturesque valley of the Wisconsin river, followed by the wild, weird, grand and awe-inspiring scenery along the Baraboo river and around that mystery, Devil's Lake; succeeded by the striking views along the valley of the Baraboo, and the almost mountain county of Monroe, soon left for the resin- ous " piney woods," with their logging camps, and streams filled with rafts or lined ■with mills; to be again followed by the fertile wheat fields of St. Croix county, and the ever beautiful and romantic valley of the St. Croix river, with its "Dalles," Cas- tle Rock, Willow Falls, etc. ; and at last Minnesota, that lr.nd of lake and pure running streams. No other route can show a tithe of the attractions that are here ofTered, not only to the summer tourist, or the transient guest, but also to the staid business man, or to him " who comes to stay." Prairie and lake, valley and mountain, breezy odor- ous woods, and quiet vineyard and farm scenes, follow in charming succession, so that none can complain of sameness or monotony. To the lover of the quiet, as well as to him who delights in the grand and sublime, this route offers peculiar charms, and Lake MInnetonka, Minn.— page 90. 18 The North and West Illustrated. none pass over it once without desiring to do so not only again, but again and yet again, so great are its attractions. Koscoe, 85 miles from Chicago, we reach a pretty- village of 6(X) people, in Winnebago county, Illinois, on Rock river. Two large creeks, the North and South Kinikinick, here enter Rock river, and fur- nish a very fine water power, that, as yet, has been utilized but little— two flonr mills and two plow factories only being in operation on it. The vil- THE ROUTE TO ST. PAUL A^'D MINNEAPOLIS. We will leave the Wisconsin Division at Harvard Junction, and pass northwest- wardly on to the Madison Division with the through Chicago and St. Paul train. At public schools of the city rank high; its high school building, said to be the best in the State, cost $30,000. The city contains several large paper mills, agricultural implement factories, a scale fac- tory, wind Aiill factory, and a variety of other mana- factories, which, together, employ over 700 men. The iodo-magnesian springs are coming into note, by reason of their unquestioned remedial virtues. The springs are owned by a company, having ample capital to thoroughly de- velop any merits found in them. The country surrounding the city is charmingly diversified and highly cultivated. Rock river here, besides supplying ample water power, also fur- nishes fine boating and most excellent fishing. Aftoii, 98 miles from Chicago, is a village of 150 people, one- quarter of a mile from Rock river. It has one flour mill, one school and one church. Hanover, 104 miles from Chicago. This city was origi- nally c:illed Plymouth, after the town of that name in ^lassachu- setts. The earliest settler, a Mr. Janes, who gave his name to the city of Janesville, found a large sandstone rock that was easily worked, and out of it he bur- rowed a house, witli three rooms, and lived in it for 15 years. This singular and unique house still stands, and can be seen from the train as it passes uear the village. The village is built on both sides of Bass creek, contains about 200 people, and has two hotels— The Fincham and The Gilbert Houses. At thlB point we cross the Southeun Wisconsin Division of the Milwaukee & St. P.\ul Railway, and form the short and direct route between Chicago and Orford, Brodhead, Juda, Monroe, and the many villages tributary thereto. Close connections are always made here, and passengers destined for the above-named points should buy their tickets to Janesville or Haut)ver, over the Chicago & North- western Railway. Footville, 107 miles from Chicago, population, 400. For three years this was the railway terminus, and at that time had a large and lucrative trade. It now contains two large cheese factories, good schools, three churches, and two hotels. An im- mense honey-combed rock, known as " The Queen . of the Prairie," is a Iqcal curiosity. Magnolia, 111 miles from Chicago, is a village Lake Mlnnetonkai MInn.-page lage contains one school, with three teachers; two churches and two hotels. Saloons, or " whisky shops,"' are not tolerated; liquor is not permitted to be sold within a mile of the village. Four miles east of Roscoe are seven springs, from which it is claimed seven varieties of medicinal mineral waters flow. Beloit, 91 miles from Chicago. Here we have a fine manufacturing city of 5,000 people. It is on Rock river, ajtorlion of the city being in Wisconsin and the oiherportion being in Illinois, the State line actually passing through the freight houses of this road. The society of Beloit is above the average, and is claimed to be so from the fact that it is a " college town," and the seat of fine educational institutions. Beloit College, founded in 184T, has nice professors and an average yearly attendance of 200 students, is the pride of the city, and has been designated "The Yale of the West." The The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 79 of 300 people, and is surrounded by a rich prairie farming countrj'. Evansville, 116 miles from Chicago, has a population of 3,000, and is an important stage centre. A tri-weekly lino runs to Janksville and Union (which is one of the oldest towns in the State, and before the days of railroads was the most important town on the stage line between Milwaukee and Mineral Point), and adaUy line to Albany, 18 miles east. The village is built on elevated ground on the banks of Albues creek, and is a place of con- siderable manufacturing importance; a wind mill factory, employing 30 men ; a furniture factory, 25 men; a boot and shoe factory, 75 men, and using $100,000 capital; and ten or twelve cheese factories. The publiic school building cost $16,000, and "The Seminarj'," $10,000. One public hall will seat 500 people. The Spencer House is the best h oU 1 has 25 rooms for guests, and charges $2 per day. A Uel of railroad, some years since, occu pied the attention of the citi zens of this city, Janesvile, and the country between them, but at present no trains pass over the intervening space. Brooklyn, 122 miles from Chicago, has a population oi JOO and is in Green county, 30 miles from Monroe, its capital. One i cheese factory here makes 1 200 lbs. of cheese daily, all of winch is shipped to Hull, in England, Belleville, Dayton, and New Giants are tributary, and reached from this point. Oregon, 128 miles from Chi- cago, formerly called Fome Cor- ners, is a village of 500 people, having one graded school, two churches, and one hotel. Syene, 133 miles from Chi- cago, is not an important station. Verona Corners and Paola are tributary. Lake Waulusa is 2!4 miles distant, and affords fine fishing. Madison, 138 miles from Chicago. The city is pleasantly situated on an isthmus about three-fourths of a mile wide, between lakes Mendota and Monona, in the centre of a broad valley, surrounded by heights from which it can be seen at a distance of several miles. Lake Alendota lies northwest of the town, is six miles long and four miles wide, with clean gravelly shores, and a depth sufficient for navi- gation by steamboats. Lake Monona is somewhat smaller. A great many efforts have been made to depict the beauties of the location; but no words can convey an adequate idea of what is, indeed, indei:cribable. The reason of this is that every new point of observation creates a shifting pano- rama — that no two exhibit the same scenery. From any considerable elevation, a circuit of nearly 30 miles in every direction is visible. Four lakes lie embosomed like gems, shining in the midst of groves of forest trees, while the gentle swells of the prairies, dotted over by fields and farms, lend a charm to ihe view which words cannot depict. From the dome of the Capitol to the dome of the State University, the whole bearing and aspect of the country is so changed as scarcely to be recog- nized as identical. On the west, the lofty peak of the West Blue Mound, 25 miles away, towers up against the sky, like a grim sentinel guarding tha gateway toward the setting sun, while the Interme- diate setting is filled in with swelling hills, majestic slopes, levels, and valleys of rivers and rivulets. Madison is the centre of a circle, whose natural beauties compass all that is charming to the eye, grateful to the senses, pleasing to the imagination, and, which, from their variety and perfection, never grow tedious or tiresome to the spectator. The The Dalles of The St. Louis, near North Paclfio Junction, Minn.— page 91. good taste of the citizens has preserved the native forest trees, so that its dwellings are embowered in green, and buried in foliage in the proper season, to that extent that the whole city cannot be seen. from any point of view. It is, in itself, unique, like its surroundings, and the transient traveler gains no , conception of the place by barely passing through it. Madison has many good hotels — among these we may confidently name The Park House, M. H. Irish, proprietor, and The Vilas House, P. B. Parsons & Co., proprietors. The Lake Side House, W. Roos, proprietor, on south side of Lake Monona, has one hundred rooms and four cottages for rent, all fitted up in good style. The proprietor of this house owns a steamboat, that plies between Madison proper an' I his hotel, at such hours of day ornight, as may best accommodate his guests. 80 The Noktii and Wkst Illustkated. The Tribune, of Chicai»o, says : "There is no more charmiti",' or agrq^ble route for suinnier travel than the one that leads hither by the Chicai^o & NortliW'csti rii Kailway, for it runs through a country rich in liuining privileges, and in wild natural beauty, and through towns and villages which are all connected, by their commercial inier- ests, with the Garden City, through that great life- giving artery, the railroad— the second home of all American i)C'()|)lu. The trip is short and pleasant. The five-hour ride is pleasantly diversified by the occasional stoppages at stations, the getting off or on of passengers, and at noon by sitti"" iown to a good dinner at Harvard Junction. h. en Charles Mineral Springs, Sparta, Wis., on C. & N. Dickens himself would have been satisfied with the cooking and appointments. You do not have to bolt yonr food, or amble up to a high counter and make a ehy, hit or miss, at a tall stool, whereon you sit to eat soggy doughnuts and drink inky cotToe; but you arc sealed comfortably, your order is quickly filled, and your food is excellent. * • » • But we have arrived at Madison. We are running smoothly between two lakes apparently, for water, water, is everywhere. There is a shore, dimly outlined with houses and trees, a great stretch of blue, rippling water, and a compact iittle town, built around a beautiful park, with a Slate House of surpassing bounty; for this is the capital of Wisconsin, the political centre. "One. of the loveliest drives here is that which leads through the grounds of the Slate University — a prominent and elegant building. This drive ia tliu pet resort of residents and tourists, giving ex- quisite views of three diU'erent lakes, a full and Cijmplete panorama of the town, and looking down on the stately white dome of the Capitol, from which it ascends in a straight and direct line for one mile. '■ A very popular place of resort for pleasure ia the Lake Side Hotel, just across Lake Monona— the second and most beautiful of the lakes. A pretty little propeller runs every fifteen minutes from the city, and lauds passengers a few yards from the hotel. The grounds are spacious, highly cultivated, and devoted entirely to the amusement of guests. There is a large concerts ball, where the Madison Band discourses sweet inu sic, and visitors sit arounc at small tables and drink lemonade or beer. The house is large and commo- dious. "The lakes here abound in choice fish, — pickerel, bass, pike, perch, and whitefish. Men and wo- men make it a business to go out trolling for fi^h. 'J hey sit in the boat and row about gently, lettiui the line drag after, with it nu tallic spoon whirling i the clear water, and entit ing silly fish to their cruel end. * * * ■» "The broad full mooi has risen, and is lookin; down on the silent, sleep- ing town. It is midnight. ■ The white houses gleam through the green foliagf in serene beauty. The fair white dome, with its man} panes, rises far above its less aspiring neighbors, and peers, white and solemn, cut of its fair, green setting. Far away, W. Ry.— page 96. ^^^ ^^^^ waters roll then- endless volume of sound. From across Lake Mo- nona come" the "tune-turn" of the band, at its last tune. It is not more musical than the harmo- nious blending, softened by distance, of the cricket's chirp and the frog's croak. Good-bye, pretty lakes ! Good-bye, Madison, sitting like a queen on your green hills in the moonlight." Mendota, 113 miles from I'hicago. is the station for the Wisconsin hospital for the insane, which ig located half a mile from the station, on the shore of Lake Mendota. Waunakee, 148 miles from Chicago, is a village of 300 people, in Dane county. Dane, 153 miles from Chicaeo, also in Dane county, is a small German village. The Chicago & NoRXH-WESTEKisr Railway. 81 Ixxli, 15S miles from Chicago. This village, of 1,600 population, is in Columbia county, which was organized in 1840, and has a population of 29,000. The county seat is at Portage, a city of 5,000 people, 18 miles from Lodi, and reached by daily stage. Ci-yslal lake, a beautiful body of water, one mile square, is five miles distant, and is reached by a pleasant road. Spring creek runs through the vil- lage of Lodi, and furnishes excellent water power, which is utilized by two large flouring mills. Poy- nette, 10 miles, and P/-aJne du Sac, 10 miles distant, are reached by stage daily; fare to either place, 50 cent?. Lodi has a brick school house, that cost $15,000; four churches, a large broom factory, a cheese factory, and two good hotels. Okee, 161 miles from Chicago. An unlmpoitant station. Merrimac, 164 miles from Chicago. This vil- lage, the county seat of Sauk county, Is built on an ■elevated bluff on Wiscon- sin river, (which is here crossed by the railroad on a bridge that cost $103,000). It has 200 peo- ple, two hotels, good schools and churches, and Ji fine trade with surround- ing country. Prairie du Sac and Sauk City are trib- utary. Palfrey's and Dor- wood's Gorges, four miles distant, are worth visiting. Devil's Lake, 1T2 miles •oni Chicago. Prominent "•mong the summer resorts of the Northwest stands the Devil's Lake, in Sauk •county. Wis., 36 miles north of Madison. It is xeached directly by two daily linos of palace car.-', that leave Chicago morn- ing and night, and stop in front of the hotel that has "been opened for the use of the summer tourists who Hock to the place. The blufls of the Wisconsin, at the point where the Baraboo river embouches into the valley, are 600 feet in heigiit. In the midst of this enormous Tocky stratum is a deep fissure or gorge, depressed over four hundred feet from the surface, hemmed in by mighty precipices, which constitute the basin of a body of water about a mile and a half in length by a half mile in breadth, known as Devil's Lake. It reposes like a dewdrop in its mighty casket, and from its profound depths reflects the v.ark shadows of the beetling crags that environ it. The level of the waters is one hundred and ninety feet Above the Wisconsin river, and it is supposed that the bottom reaches below that of the river. There is not in the West a sample of as bold, rugged and striking scenery, or any more pleasing to the tourist. A two hours' ride on the cars from Madison will iland the visitor upon the shore, and a small steam- er will give him every opportunity for exploration. The whole section is wild and full of interest. The lake is one of the most wonderful and ro- mantic spots in existence, and nothing to compare with it can be seen east of the Rocky Mountains. It has an abiding attraction for tourists, who return to it again and again, to admire and enjoy it, to wonder at it, and to puzzle over it. Here, ages ago, probably some terrible internal convulsion rent the earth's surface, and piled various strata of rock, of immense 6:ze, from 300 to 600 feet high, and dis- posed it in every conceivable fantastic form. Within the basin thus made lies nestled a beautiful, placid lake of clear, pure water, which reflects on its mirror-like surface the rugged and awe-inspiring Trout Falls, Sparta, Wis., on C. & N.-W. Ry.— page 07. barriers which environ it. It has no visible inlet or outlet. It abounds in fish. Increasing numbers of tourists include it in their round, now that it has become so easily accessible by rail. This beautiful body of water is surrounded with precipitous mountains on every side, except at two points, one being at the southern end, where the railroad enters the lake ba'^in, and the other at the northern end, where the railroad finds exit from the basin of the lake. On every side of the lake you see "rock piled on rock" in every conceivable form, and in immense columns, pillars, piles and masses of very great magnitude and height. The railroad runs along the shore of the lake on a bed that was literally blasted out of the sides of the mountain. From the car windows all the beauties of this won- derful and weirdly mysterious region can readily be seen. 82 TiiK North and Wesi Illustrated. We copy the following letter, a;* it cives the views of one who was last year nt this delightful sum- mer resort, unci who was so much pleased, that he wrote, liopiiig it would induce others to go there, and enjoy what the writer had already experienced : "Call this satisfaction. The north corner of a light, cool gallery, from which, in the third story of thu Swiss hotel, il is literally one step into a young wood, whose dancing shadows almost play upon this page, and at whose feet lie scattered bowlders from the shattered rocky wall of the height that shuts the view, two rods from my chamber window. This in the rear. The other hand shows a blue lake, crisping and brilliant in the wind that sweeps from the west, cleft straight for the Cliff House, setting every fibre of the slim young poplars and Perch Lake, Sparta, Wis., on C. Sl N.-W. R'y.— page 97 black oaks astir, while the nervous willows tingle in a shivering delight down on the sand. If one could make you feel the brightness, the delight, of this late summer morning, that here wears the fresh- ness of spring, there would be a hegira of linen coats and straw hats for Devil's Lake that would make the Chicago & North-Wcstern Railway glad. It is good.fortune to catch the up-train one minute be- fore starting, and go rolling otron the smooth track of the North-Western Railway, through the rich valley of Rock river, green and golden after the rains, in the splendor of harvest, where the glassy lights ou the varnished oak boughs glitter for miles of sloping woodland ; past the embowered dome at HadisoD, where everything wears holiday air, and the wide, cool lakes tempt one for a day and a week to And the certainty that this cai)ital is one of the loveliest towns for summer-faring, West or Ea^^t, with its gardens and sails, and beiintiful girls, and fnn-loving people. But I had it in heart to see thlB lake among the Wisconsin hills, which had been neighbor for ten years, and yet I had to come from the seaboard to visit after all. One good American wasn't going away from home forever, without knowing something about Wisconsin's blue-green woods, and strange, isolated cliffs, and mysterious lakes, and seeing them at their loveliest, in this burning summer, never perhaps to look upon them again. I did not know Wisconsin was so beautiful. " It gave one a happy heartbreak to ride through that region of bluff, and oak slope, and pointed knolls, that the railroad opens up on either side, after leaving the little station of Dane, beyond Madison. There is a fullness of sunshine here, a strength in the light, with which hazy Eastern sum- . mers do not compare ; and there seemed such boldness in each wind-turned hill, and the gallant woods glittered and flung their crests like the staunch regiments that did honor to the State, till the pleasant countrj- seemed glad in its own luxuriance. Was there a glamour in the eyes that looked, or will somebody say that airy bridge across the Wiscon- sin, beyond Lodi — over which the train runs at foot ji.ice, giving passengers time lo mark the meeting of two >treams, whose banks were « ild with young, bright for- r>t— is not a pretty picture f The wind-w»k af the plains begins here in i*i<«ature. It has rounded, pointed and smoothed off the sand-hills in odd, isolated pinnacles and domes, that rise beyond the line of woods crowding to the water's edge, accent- ing a scene that would be fair to linger over, if it had only the slight, high bridge spanning a gulf of green, cleft by broad, clear water- beds, whose very sand-bars the water-beech and wil- low have turned into beauty. The town of Lodi, which dates from ante-railroad times, looks like a New England village set among bluffy hills and smothered in orchards and gardens. The railroads have changed the air of interior towns much for the better. Farming in a small way was running itself out, and all the industries that depended on it; but the road gave things a smart fillip, and knocked them into shape again. The low element that fol- low^ railways has hardly had time to put in an ap- pearance, or else has been sent straight back again. Tliegroupsaboutthestationswereof pretty, bright- eyed girls, cheery gossips, in trim seersucker and white cuffs, waiting to see a friend, and easy-goers reading the Chicago papers thrown off the train. " Another hour of threading the green wildemes* of the Wisconsin, and. as the sun was hanging low, the train passed a charming bit of a scene, a nook -r^-p^ The Chicago & North-Western Railway . 97 of vineyard between cliffs whose tops could not be seen, a corner of luxuriant garden, with long grape- trellis down the middle, and a screen of tall trees between it and the western height. It was an aca- dian picture, and the figures in summer dresses and light hats, strolling in happy leisure, did not injure the effects. We turned the comer of the cliff which shut out the lovely place, and the cars were run- ning on the very edge of a magically-clear lake, whose heights of tumbled bowlders were almost in reach from the windows on the other side. It was lonely and lovely beyond words. That those rich midland counties should hold in their heart such a desolate, witching mystery, was like a strain of Chopin in Mendelssohn's music. The loneliness enhanced the beauty. " The next minute the train was stopping by a platform at the upper corner of the lake. 'Cliff House' was shouted, and a Swiss cottage, with bright dresses on its ample galleries, came to view through the trees. " Don't make the mistake of supposing the lake, the Cliff House and Baraboo are mixed up together; but get your trunks checked for Devil's Lake direct. Baraboo's tree- lined streets sleep three miles farther up the hills. Leaving trunks and checks to the pro- vidence of the Railway Com- pany, I saw the lake on one side, the hotel on the other, dropped off the train, and never have been sorry for making up my miud in half a minute on that matter. " The house is so pretty; and it's something to see a sum- mer-hotel that isn't an eye- sore. This ample Swiss cot tage, with wings and galleries to catch the breeze, built into the slope of the cliff behind, with croquet-ground in front, and just room for the rail- road to pass between it and the lake, charmingly suits the spot. The inmates live on the deep galleries, between the breeze off the lake and the rustle of the forest beside it, but the rooms are carefully provided, enough to make an after-dinner sojourn actually pleasant. It is such a contrast to a dozen or two summer-hotels East, that I could name. Don't I know their miseries — the hard beds, worn carpets, and dilapidations generally; the odious kero-enn; the fried potatoes— greased potatoes rather— and frightful pastry and pies; the pert, curious waiter-girls in Sunday finery the week long; the landlord, whose business seems to be, putting off till next day whatever should be done to-day; in fact, all the drawbacks that make people very glad to be at home again? Something of the sort I was prepared to endure, but the Swiss cottage, set down here in the wilderness, put all such ideas to rout. Its cool, clean halls and stairways; the casings finished through the house in varnished pine, that looks almost as handsome as California laurel or satin-wood; the dainty neatness of every fastidious nook and corner, do not prevent one's room-door from opening on fresh Brussels, and easy chairs, and French bedsteads. Actually, we have snowy toilet covers, and walnut in the bed- rooms, instead of much worn paint. The beds, lily-like and soft, don't require that one must be tired to death to rest on them, and the quilts are not of the honeycomb description. To look round one's room, faultless in dainty order, and think of the scoffling care bestowed on certain grand hoteto in Saratoga and by the seaside, results in unmiti- gated happiness for the time. The same bright and. Castle Rock, Sparta, Wis., on C. &, N.-W. Ry.— page 97. shining freshness is on everything, even to the hall-lamp, which delighted my eyes with its bril- liant neatness. But there 1 you don't perhaps deify immaculate housekeeping in detail to this e.xtent. " You can judge how finding such a dcliciously- comfortablc home left one's mind free to enjoy the scenery. People say it is like Windermere; and, if desolate fell, and scaur, and crag, belong to that region, there are enough of them here. That's the charm of it to me— its inten.>;e loneliness. Banks, 500 feet high, guard it on east and west, with a lower cliff walling in the south, with a pass at each cud for the moon to rise through and the wind to creep in. These banks, topped with cliff, broken into ma I y a needle and archway, are slopes of disheveled bowlders, greenish-gray with lichen, and sparsely relieved with growth of pine and 84 TiiK North a.vd Wkst Illustkated. black oak, where it gets a shelving foothold. The cruirs look out of the soft woods, and faces of broken rock, which no kind forest can ever cover, keeping barren reminder of the awful upheaval that shattered the flery cliffs of porphyry, and hurled them in heaps like those of Samaria. Jn the crater of the mountain this lake was left, fed through the crevice deep down in its heart, and filled from unknown levels. That day of the Titans is over, and to-day we have this inclosed lake, whose sheltered air and limpid waters have incomparable softness. Such another place for invalids is not to be found in this Northern climate. The air at this height^-the rim of the lake is ,300 feet above the level of the Wisconsin, I am told— 1b always lively, always cool, yet tempered to that The Warner House, Sparta, Wis., on C. Sl N.-W. Ry. Pag* 91. delicious softness found on the magical shore of Old Plymouth, that always keeps ten degrees •warmer than Boston, thirty miles above; or in the vineyard-belt of Ohio. The water is purity itself — BO clear, that not a trace of sediment is left along the margin anywhere; and soft to that degree it ecems as if distilled. I can imagine no greater luxury in the way of bathing than to run out on the mile of sandbcach at either end of the lake, that slopes inward for rods without getting beyond depth, and let the waves lave one like any chrisom- child. The water is delicious beyond compare. One notices it in the wnsh-basins the first thing; and I never can sit in a boat here without letting a hand trail in the tide, that is like cleaving velvet. J don't wish to make any impertinent claims, or anything of that sort, that might disparage other watering-places; but the fact is that, as far as air and water are concerned, we have simply the best that is to be procured. " Talk of the boating on Lake Michigan, or Erie, or Tahoe. Here is water that one can see through like quartz-crystal of the clearest sort, at fifty feet depth. It looks the color o! hock nearest the shores, as boats put out in it; and the tint deepens till, past the half-way tree, floating down, in 175 feet soundings, it is the deep, cKar green that tells of absolute purity fn any volume of water. I hope never to be called one of the impressible ones, but I am m love with this sacred lake of the DevU, and shall be till I die. " How we amuse ourselves is an open question — there is so much to be done and seen, if one goes at it in an in- telligtnt way. A steamer, that will hold about fifty chairs on its deck without guards, goes round the lake several times a day; and new-comers twist their necks under West Cliff, trying to get a look at the Turk's Head, which looks like a bust of Lin- coln in gray rock, ready to top- ple over. Rounding home, the boat stops at the vineyard in the southeast corner, where, atfcon- nie Kirklaud, whose grapes you have often tasted from paper boxes, a wine cellar, shaded by trees and crowned with vines, fronts the building on the lawn. .•\ most lovely rustic spot is this farm of the Kirk Brothers, who make it a pleasure ground for the region. The interval between East and South Cliffs, half a mile wide, runs back for two miles, inclosed by high hills; and in this sunny comer, with the warmth reflected from the glowing rocks of East Cliff, where only south and west winds can draw through, ripen acres of such grapes as you never dreamed of in Wisconsin. The grounds about the house are lovely and home-like ; a field of honeyed clover, that no one is afraid to walk in, shaded by high nut- trees and oaks; the whitewashed cottage In the centre, wearing a cornice of Wisconsin ivy, with its dark and light green trails, richer than Co- rinthian temple ever boasted, with grape-roofed arbors, standard roses in basket trellises of rustic work, the wine-press and bee-hives, the straw-racks and dove-cote appearing through the trees, with their feet in the perfect sea of blossoming clover; a picture of farm-house plenty and adornment that a pott would revel in. Back of the orchard slopes the vim yard, trimly kept, and richly green at pres- ent; but nearer is a tunnel of foliage, the great grape arbor, three hundred feet long, and the largest in the State, before the railroad cut away half its length. Enough is left to give the place an Old- The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 85- World look, as if it were a homestead in France; and one half expects to see a girl in a scarlet kirtle and high cap come out to complete the picture. " Oue would think artists would make this a favorite haunt. If softest sky, bold forms, and porphyritic colors of rock, set off by chanLring forest and fair reach of bending lake, are worth anything to artist-", they can fii;d them here. " It is a night of cool, delicious cloud as I finish this. There has been breezing on the balconies, music and Chicago Are in the parlor, and, earlier in the evening, ]adies,-gentlemen, and all the child- ren not in bed, were down iu the billiard room." During the summer season ferns are here found In great abundance, and in equally great variety. In the fall, autumn leaves in all tlieir glory of crim- 8on, scarlet and gold, are gathered. Baraboo, 175 miles from Chicago. Here are the head- quarters and offices of the Superintendent of the Madi- Bon Division, which extends from Harvard Junction to Winona. The city is built on both sides of the Baraboo river, and contains about 4,000 people. It is a place of large trade and important manufactures ; contains many fine residences, business blocks, school houses, one of which cost $10,000, and churches; a woolen mill, a furniture factory, flour mills, 6aw mills, and foundries, em- ploy over 400 men. Three ioiels accommodate the transient guest as well as the summer tourist. Sauk county has many Indian mounds, caves, gorges, etc., which can be reached from this point by carriage. Sauk City, 6 miles, and Prairie du Sac, can be reached daily by stage. Tlie Narrows of the Baraboo, 9 miles west. The Dalles of the Wisconsin, 14 miles distant, and ThePewiVs Nest, on Skillet creek, are romantic places accessi- ble from Baraboo. For many years this was the home of the lamented Icabod Codding, and here may yet be found many of his devoted adherents. Kirkwood, 178 miles from Chicago, is an unim- portant station. North Freedom, 181 miles from Chicago, is on the north side of Baraboo river, has a population of 200, and is noted for the fine quality of the maple sugar that U made here in great abundance. Hops are a staple article of farm produce in this vicinity. Ablnman'8, 184 miles from Chicago. This vil- lage, with a population of 40), is by the inhabitants called Rock Spring, and is so named from the many springs of pure cold water that is found flowing from crevices in the rock along the banks of the Baraboo river. The station was named after Col. 8. V. R. Ableman, who was especially prominent in assisting in building the road through this wild valley. In the village are agood graded school, two churches, a stave and heading factory, employing 20 men; a flour mill and a saw mill, each employing 10 men, and one hotel. The country near the rail- way is broken, but beyond it is level and highly cultivated. Keedsburg, 191 miles from Chicago. This is an important city of some 3,000 people, located in the midst of the " hop region " of Wisconsin, and con- trolling most of that trade. Ironton, six miles west, has iron mines that have been worked for many years. Cazenovia, 10 miles west, has large iron f urnices. Logansville, eight miles south, and Spring Green, 20 miles south, are reached semi- weekly by stage. In the city are six churches, one newspaper, good schools, and two hotels. La Valle, 198 miles from Chicago. Ironton, Z- The Buttes," near Winona, Minn.— page 98. miles; Valton, 10 miles west; Lime Ridge, 6 miles south; Sandusky, 12 miles south; Loyd, 18 miles southwest; Rockbridge, 20 miles southwest, and Sentinel, 7 miles north, are tributary, and reached by stage. WonoTvoc, 205 miles from Chicago, is in Juneaa county, 16 miles from Mauston, the county seat. The surrounding country is broken and covered with timber, but ofl'ers fine hunting to the sports- man. Deer are abundant, and bears are not unfre- quently shot. The population of the village num- bers about 600; it has one hotel, one school, and one church. Union Centre, 208 miles from Chicago, has a population of 200, and is on the headwaters of the Baraboo river. Mausfon, the couuty seat, a village of 1,000 people, is 14 miles east. Spring Valley, West Lima, Rorkton, Ilillsboro' , population about 800, Ontario and TrippviUe are tributary, and are 86 The North anj) West Illustrated. reached from this station. To Flillshoro' there is a doable daily stage line, that meets all passenger trains. Elroy, 212 miles from Chicago. This is com- paratively a new place, it having grown only since the completion of this portion of the railroad to the junction with the West Wisconsin Raii.w.vy here in ]H~2. In August, 1872, when the flrst train reached this point, about lOO persons claimed it as their home; to-day it has over 1,200, and is a bust- ling, thriving place. It has twenty-five business houses, two grain elevators, one public school, three public halls, three churches, one newspaper, sawmills, flour mills, and some manufactures; also five hotels, that, together, can comfortably accom- modate 225 guests, at rates varying from $1 to $2 per day. The United Brethren maintain the Elroy Seminary, which has 90 students. THE WEST WISCONSIN RAILWAY. This new line of railway commences at Elroy, and forms the northern end of the through route we are describing. While entirely distinct in ownership from the Chicago & North- Western Railway, it is so closely identified with it in its through business and connections, that it is recognized and treated here as an intimate ally. Its most important points are — Camp Douglas, 225 miles from Chicago. Wisconsin VaUey Junction, 237 miles from Chicago, where it has connections with the Wis- consin Valley Railkoad, and secures rail con- nections for Ttoma/t, 13 miles west; Centralin^9.n Minn., from the Bluffs.— page 98. worth of merchandise is sold, and business to the amount of $1,500,000 is done, the Sioux and Chip- pewas, in 1850, were drawn up in martial array. Few places in the Union present better prospects, or have a brighter future. With a population of over six thousand, which is being constantly added to ; with the best and most unlimited water-power in the world ; with a quantity of enterprising, go- ahead business men, pushing matters along, it can- not fail to have a population of twenty-five or thir- ty thousand in another ten years. A Trip to the Falls. " It was m the evening that the journey was taken, and when the noble bridge, which spans the Chippewa river at this point, was reached, the full autumn moon, that had made only an hour's travel from the horizon toward the zenith, sent its rayi aslant tlie earth and water, forming a picture inde- scribably grand. The falls of the Chippewa ar« 88 Thk Noktii and West Iija'stkated. just above the bridge. The waters came roaring down, catcliin^, and widening, and lengtlieninglhe moonbuanis, then danced a.^ ay in white-capped waves, that glistened and sparkled, till suddenly- lost among the Bhadows, and replaced by others just as varied and beautiful. It is worth a day's travel to view the falls of the Chippewa by moon- light. "The city is fitnated on the west bank of the Chippewa, on a succession of low hills, rising grad- The Falls of MInneopa, Minn.— page 101 aally backward from the river. It is noted for the immense water power, there being a full of some twenty-six feet in three-fourths of a mile, over a rocky bottom; also for being the heart of the valu- able lumber bu-iness of the Chippewa Valley. A fine view of the city may be obtamcd from the Catholic Church. This edifice is reached by a series of steps, ascending through a side-hill grove of magnificent pines to a level table land, lying on the north bank of Duncan creek." The hotels are : The Waterman, and The Cen- tral, on Bridge street, and The Cardinal, on Hiver street. Menomonec, .34.3 miles from Chicago, is the capital of Dunn county, and is situated on the east bank of I'led Cedar river. It has over 2,0C0 popula- tion, and large manufacturing and lumbering inter- ests. Its hotels are : The Menomonee, The Mer- chants, and The Central. Baldwin, 309 miles from Chicago, is anew town with some 250 inhabitants. Hammond, 372 miles from Chicago, is also a new town, and has over 1,000 people residing in it. At NoBTH Wisconsin Junc- tion the North Wisconsin li.MLROAD leaves the main line and runs northward to- wards Lake Superior, is built out about 40 miles, and 16 miles above the junction is the city of New HicinioNU, with about 1,200 residents. Hudson, 3?0 miles from (liicago; is a city of some .3,000 inhabitants, the county seat of St. Croix county, and built on Lake St. Croix. The largest Mississippi steamers ascend ilie St. Croix river to this point. Twelve miles south- east is Kinnickinnick river, yielding the finest brook trout, not only in the main stream but on the north and south forks. Tiffanij Creek also abounds with brook trout. Baf:s Lake, 8 miles northeast, furnishes excellent bass fish- ing. Four miles from the sta- tion is Willow Jiiver with its beautiful falls, which rival those of the noted Minnehaha. Taylor's Falls, at thfe head of t he Dallas, and St. Croix Falls, are worthy of a visit. Osaola Mills, having medicinal springs and good hotels, is reached by steamer in the summer and by stiige in the winter. River Falls, 12 miles southeast, is a thriving vil- lage of 2.000 inhabitants, and has a Korinal school with 400 students, that is second to no Xormal school of its kind in the West. Pleasant Valley^ 14 miles, Woodside, 18 miles, Brookville, 26 miles, Lucas, 40 miles, Somerset, 15 miles, and Ellsworth, 25 miles, are reached by stage lines. Jiich Lands at Low Rates. The West Wisconsin Railway have their gen- eral oflkcs here, and at their land oflice the pros- pective emigrant can buy any quantity of land he may desire, as the company have a million or more acres along its line to sell. The city is well built, h;is excellent schools, fine churches, a county court house, town hall, many manufac- tures, and eleven hotels, one of which is unusually good. The surrounding country is very bcauti- The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 89 ful, and is full of fine drives, pretty falls and pictur- esque scenery. The lake and river furnish admi- rable boating and fishing. Several yachts are owned here, and annually its yacht club has a regetta. Rock Falls, close by, is an unfailing source of pleas- ure, not only in the summer, but in the winter as well. Game abounds in the woods ;and prairies surrounding Hudson, and can always be had in quantities sufficient to please and repay the most exacting sportsman. A branch line runs from here to Stillwater, with its population of 5,000, higher up the river, (see Lake Superior & Mississippi Railway). 7%e Dalles of the St. Croix are still far- ther up, and will at any time amply repay the visitor for the time spent in reaching them. Four hundred and nine miles from Chicago we reach St. Paul, the capital of the State of Minne- sota, and a city that has become almost world-re- liowned for the push, " vim" and energy of its peo- prairie, or on some of the beautiful lakes which form the characteristic charm of the city surround- ings. Pleasure Resorts. There are numerous resorts in and within a few miles of St. I'aul and Minneapolis, and easy of access. The numerous lakes, with their sylvan as- sociations, form the most prominent charm of the rural landscape. They are scattered in chains, or groups, or isolated gems, all over the State, forming an immense system of reservoirs, which serves a valuable purpose as a guarantee against drouths. Here hotel accommodations are ample and rea- sonable. A few miles from St. Paul, close to the base of the almost perpendicular eandstone bluffs, and across the Mississippi, in full view of the scenery up and down the river, is Meudota, the oldest town Minneopa Palls, In the Winter.— page I O I , pie, and for its admirable climate and hcalthfulness. In its topographical features and surroundings, St. Paul is one of the most beautiful cities of the con- tinent. Its site is a series of four plateaux rising in regular gradation from the river, of which the first, originally a low bottom, friuging the river for miles, forms the levee, and is occupied by ware- houses, railroad tracks, depots and offices, in front of the city ; the second and third, with but slight difference in their elevation, about half a mile in width, and stretching for miles to the southwest along and above the river, form the main ex- panse, on which the business and much of the resi- dence portion of the city rests ; while the green Blope of the highest encircles this bu.'^y scene of metropolitan life and energy like a ring of hills, which are surmounted with many elegant and state- ly residences ; while beyond them, stretches by far the most beautiful residence portions of the city, with fine avenues emerging upon the smooth, green in this State— a small village, which is said to be inhabited by almost every color, shade and nation- ality of mankind, and in many cases, a mixture of two colors and races in one. Across, or over, the St. Paul and Sioux City Kailway track, and Fort Snelling appears in full view— located upon a com- manding eminence at the confluence of the Minne- sota (St. Poter)and Mississippi rivers. The scene- ry on the rivers at this point is exceedingly pictur- esque and romantic. The white-faced sandstone bluffs along the banks of the rivers, with the charm- ing landscape in either direction, afford a scene of great beauty and interest. There arc points of interest about here which are worth visiting, but too numerous to mention in de- tail. A short distance above Meeker's Island, close by the roadside, a small stream, from the springs and lakes of the back country, leaps from the limestone rock about forty feet to the bed of the Mississippi. It is known as "Winter Queen," 90 The North and West Illustrated. and it is a mo«t beautiful, pparkling cagcadc, which delights every one who vii^its it. On about three miles further, and the traveler is at the celebrated " Falls of Minnehaha,"— Laughing Water. These falls are formed by a little stream of remarkable purity and clearness, the outlet of lakes Minneton- ka, Calhoun, Amelia, and I{ice. In its course to the Mississippi, at a distance of nearly a mile from it, the stream makes a perpendicular leap of fifty- nine feet, the transparent water foaming and sparkling like diamonds in the sunlight. It has a correct proportion of volume to height and breadth; In winter it is covered with pyramids and columns of ice ; in summer a perpetual rainbow is seen ; its fall creates a cheerful music ; it is surrounded by pleasing natural scenery on all sides. Inscribed MankatOi Minn.— page lOI on the trees, arbors, benchet^, bridges, and rocks, are names of tourists from all parts of our own and from many foreign countries, who have been here to see the Falls of Minnehaha, made memorable by Longfellow— "In the land of the Dakotas, where they flash and gleam among the oak trees, laugh and leap into the valley." On from Minnehaha, in view of one of the most magnificent natural panoramas ever beheld in any country, and soon in sight and hearing of the roar- ing and foaming cataract, the Falls of St. Anthony, and the massive mills and manufactories of Min- neapolis. Across the river, and below the Falls, are the beautiful little cascades— "Fawn's Leap," "Silver Cascade;" also the Chalybeate Springs, which flow out from the limestone rock on the bank of the river ; they are strongly impregnated with iron, sulphur, magnesia, and other minerals, and the water has proven beneficial in many cases. Niccolett Island, about 2,000 feet long by 700 ^vlde, is situated in the river, shaded by fine elm, maple and other native trees, and beautified by the residents. It is a charming retreat. Other points of resort here, and near here, are mentioned else- where. The best hotels of St. Paul are : The Merchants, The Metropolitan, The Park Place Hotel, and The International. Minneapolis. The city of Minneapolis, (which now includes within its corporate limits what was the city of St. Anthony, one of the oldest settlements west of the Lakes), the county seat of the wealthy and popu- lous county of Hennepin, possesses signal advan- tages, natural and artificial, which invite the atten- tion of all classes of settlers, and every variety of industry, and must inevitably become a great central point for the production, collection and distribution of the manufac- tured products, to supply the population which is rapidly occupying the vast extent of country tributary and natur- ally dependent on it — the home of a progressive people, and the theatre of an impor- tant destiny, which is plainly foreshadowed in what has already been accomplished, and what is projected and in course of accomplishment. It has, in a little more than a single decade, acquired a population of over thirty thousand people. A leading feature of the city, which is especially noticeable, and an attraction, is the chain of beautiful lakes, about three miles out, which, ere many years shall have elapsed, at the present rapid extension of the corpo- rate boundaries, will be within the city limits. Forbeautyof surroundings, and crystal clearness, one can scarcely imagine more charming bodies of water Wi&Q Lakes Harriet and Calfioun, the Lake of the Isles, and Cedar Lake, (the location of the Oak Grove House), while still further on, some fifteen miles distant. Lake Minnetonka, ap- proachable by railroad, and one of the largest and most beautiful sheets of water in the State, offers its charms to the visitor or resident, affording abundance of fish and wild fowl, and sailing and boating. To the oast a few miles, is that famed resort, While Bear Lake. Minneapolis itself has many features of the picturesque and beautiful, which call forth tributes of admiration from all who chance to visit it. The principal hotels are : The Niccolett, The Commercial, and Clark's. Cedar Lake. This point is four miles, by the St. Paul & Sioux City Railboad, from Minneapolis. On the shores The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 91 fishing, gaming, boating, bathing, driving, and the neatest pleasure grounds in the Northwest, go to Oak Grove House, on the banks of Cedar Lake. The rules peculiar to this house, are these : 1. No liquor is allowed on the premises ; 2. Sunday is observed as a religious day— a day of rest ; ,3. boat- ing and fishing are not allovped on Sunday. It may be said, that near this house is a mineral spring, of powerful medicinal virtues. From the house can be seen Horseshoe and Cedar lakes, the Lake of the Isles, and Lakes Calhoun and Harriet. of the lake, and on the opposite side from the rail- way station, is The Oak Grove House. The grounds around the hotel, and belonging thereto, cover about one hundred acres of beautifully diver- sified woodland. The house is a fine structure, containing seventy rooms, and is located at Cedar Lake Station, fif- teen miles from St. Paul ; one hundred and twenty- five feet above the former, and one hundred and ninety-five above the latter ; from its cupola can be had the finest prospect in the Northwest. For home comforts, pure, dry air, fine scenery, good Connected closely with our Chicago, St. Paul & Madison Line, are several lines of road running from St. Paul, and over ■which we send our passengers and freight, and from which large return business is received. Looking towards Duluth, Bia- mark, or the Manitoba country, we first reach THE LAKE SUPERIOR & MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. The line of this road extends from St. Paul, the head of navigation on the Missis- sippi river, to Duluth, at the head of Lake Superior, a distance of 155 miles; also a Ijranch to Stillwater, on the St. Croix river. White Bear Iiake, 12 miles from St. Paul, is a popular summer resort, with excellent hunting, fishing and boating. The principal hotels are — Williams', Leip's, and Dunn's, which are sur- rounded by beautiful groves and lawns. Connec- tions are made here for Stillwater and Minneapolis. Stillwater, 24 miles from St. Paul, is situated on the St. Croix river, where connections are made with steamers for the famous " Dalles of the St. Croix." The principal hotel here is The Sawyer House. Fo7'est Lake, i^milesfrovaSt. Paul; Wyo- ming, 30 miles; North Branch, 42 miles; Bush City, 64 miles; Pine City, 64 miles; Hinckley, 77 miles, are small towns surrounded by a fine section of country, and are resorted to by parties desiring quiet locations during the summer months, also by sportsmen in the fall, when deer and other game are abundant, the numerous lakes in the vicinity adding to the attractions. Northern Pacific Junction, 131 miles from St. Paul, and 24 miles from Duluth, is the point of connection with the Northern Pacific Railroad for Brainerd, Jfoorhead, Bismark, Fort Oarry, and all points in Montana. Thomson, 23 miles from Duluth, is situated near the head of the Dalles of the St. Louis river, and is the resort of tourists and pleasure seekers. The scenery along the river to Duluth is of a most varied and picturesque character, unsurpassed in the Northwest. Fond du L.ac, 14 miles from Duluth, is beauti- fully situated on the St. Louis river, and as a sum. mer resort has many attractions in scenery, hunt- ing and fishing. Chambers' Hotel, just completed, is I ieasantly located, and oflfers excellent facilities for summer tourists. There is a mineral spring here which is said to be unsurpassed for its medi- cinal properties. Duluth, the lake terminus of the road, is beau- tifully located on an eminence overlooking Lake Superior. The principal hotel here is The Clark House. Connections are made here with all the lines of steamers traversing the lakes, viz. : Beat- tys, Windsor and Lake Superior, (Canadian) for Silver Islet, Thunder Bay, Prince Arthur's Land- ing, Fort William, Neepigon Bay, Michepicoton Island, (800 feet high), on the north shore of the lake, and principal points in Canada; with Ward's Central & Pacific, Lake Superior, People's, and Du- luth Lake Transportation Co.'s Steamers for Bay- Jield, Ashland, Ontonagon, Hancock, Houghton, and Marquette, on the south shore of the lake ; also, tSault St. Marie, Mackinaw, and all points east, afi'ording the tourist an opportunity of visiting the numerous points of interest in this romantic and beautiful region. THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD, Is now in operation from Duluth to Bismark, Dakota, on the Missouri river, a distance of 450 miles. From Duluth to Brainerd, on the Mississippi river, a distance of 115 miles, the road passes through a gently undulating country, covered with a rich forest growth, embracing several varieties of pine, cedar, tamarac, ash, elm, maple, oak, and other woods. Coming out from Duluth, the tourist traverses the shores of the Bay of Superior, St. Louis Bay, and passing up the DaUes of the St. Louis river, has in constant view for some 25 miles, some of the most beautiful pictures of natural scenery that can be found in the Northwest. 92 The North and Wkst Ti.lustratkd. From Brainerd westward, the country graduallj^ becomes more open, until, arriving at Detroit, some 90 miles west of the Mississippi river, the traveler finds himself in what has been appropriately named the Park Region of the Northwest, so called on account of the many picturesque parks and groves, which, with the intervening lawns, and undulating prairies, waving in the summer with luxuriant native grasses, and now dotted with the dwellings and fields of the new settler, present a beauty of landscape hardly surpassed by any on the continent. The far-famed valley of the Red River of the North, is reached at a point 120 miles west of Brainerd. This great valley is about 40 miles wide, and some 350 miles long, surface generally level, well watered by numerous streams on both sides of the Redri'< T! ■ivl.- 'h alluvial mold, from eighteen to twenty-four inches deep, with retentive subsoil of clay, peculiarly ndapted for the growth of wheat. The Red river is the boundary line between Min- nesota and Dakota, and from here westward, the road passes for 200 miles over an open, undulating prairie, bro- ken only by the valleys of the Shayenne and James rivers ta its present terminus at Bis- mark, on the Missouri river. The Northern Pacific R. R. Co. have an extensive land grant from the Government, for the greater part very at- tractive for settlement, hav- ing, as expressed by a gen- tleman passing through the country, "a soil whose luxu- riant products prove the rich- est fertility ; an ample provi- sion of oak and other timber,^ growing in charming groves, lakes and streams aflfording abundant water privileges, in every locality. If Ceres, herself should seek a home for prosperous agriculture, her choice might well be here." To these natural attractions, the Company are adding a very liberal policy, and offer- ing fine inducements by low prices and easy terms for their lands, to all settlers desir- ing location on their line, and the country is rapidly filling up with an energetic, in- dustrious class of people. The principal towns on the road are — Aiken, the main point of shipment of lumber- Near Evanston, III.— page 103. men's outfits and t^iipplies, for the Upper Mississippi river pineries. During the season a small stcam- bo.it runs from here to Pokegaina Falls, a distance of some 150 miles. iJr:;incrd, on the banks of the Mississippi nver, Je til-; head\,i:artcr8 for the general oflBces of the road, and the location of the Company's shops. Has a good hotel, and the surrounding country affords fine inducements for sportsmen. The lakes are filled with black and rock bass, pickerel and pike, and in the season the woods afford fine shoot- ing ; deer, partridge, ducks and geese are found in abundance. The town now has a population of about 1,000. It is the point of junction with the St. Paul se of constructing the dam of the Wafer Power Company. In the course of this work it was discovered that the granite reached several feet below the surface, and improved 80 much in quality that it equals, if not surpasses, the famous (^uiucy granite. Near Watab, 5 miles above Sauk Eapids, new quarries have been lately opened, containing a white granite almost equal to marble. St. Cloud, the largest commercial town above St. Anthony, contains about 4,000 inhabitants. It has several hotels, school houses, five churches, two sawmills, sash, blind and door factories, etc Three weekly papers are issued here. The St. Vin- cent extension of the branch line starts from this point. It is over 300 miles long. It passes through the fertile Sauk Valley, touchmg nearly all the principal towns therein, viz.- -SV. Joseph, Mtlrose, Sauk Center. Osakis, Alexandria, and many olhcrs, the trade of which will largely increase the business of St. Cloud. There is, in connection with this Company, a Land Department, for the disposal of the lands acquired by the act of Congress. These lands have been reserved from sale since 1857, and are now oifered to actual settlers. They are the odd numbered sections, situated on either side of, and -within t-wenty miles of, the lines of railroad. The even numbered sections have been, for the most part, disposed of under the homestead and pre-emption laws. The railroad lands are offered at low prices and upon easy terms. TO SPARTA, WINONA, AND BEYOND. We have to retrace our steps, and find our way back to Elroy, but in this case there is no hardship, for we step into a magnificent Pullman Palace car at the depot, used by the West Wisconsin Railway at Minneapolis or St. Paul, and in ten hours are back to Elroy. Here we change cars if we come from the north, but if from Chicago we do not, as we have beon in one of the Pullman Palace cars that runs tlirough from Chicago to Winona on each through train. It should be borne in mind that the Chica- go & North- Western Railway is the only road that runs tliese cars between Chicago and Sparta and Winona, and ani/ point in Wi-sconsin or IMinnesola. Do not overlook this fact when you are selecting your route by which to visit any of these northwestern points. Comfort and safety are alwaj's secured if you are securely fixed in a Pullman Sleeper. We must push westward. After leaving Elroy, and passing westward, we find — Glendale, 217 miles from Chicago. This village of 200 people, is in the midst of a fine trouling coun- try. Many streams, almost alive with brook trout, are found within 4 to 6 mile^. Game is quite plen- tiful The Glendale House, by W. R. Hart, offers good fare to the sportsman. Large quantities of manufactured wagon stock are shipped from here. Kfiidalls, S19 miles from Chicago, is not an im- portant, but is a growing station. It has three hotels. Lake Torrence is half a mile distant, and is stocked with brook trout. Albinville, 4 miles dis- tant, Uomeu'ood and Clifton, each 10 miles, are reached daily by stage. Wilton, 2-28 miles from Chicago, population 500, is built at the head waters of Kickapoo creek, which, with lateral streams, are full of brook trout. Bear, deer and squirrel are found in the surround- ing forests, while prairie chickens, partridL'c, pheas- ants, quail and grouse are plentiful in the clearings. The village contains good schools, two churches, flour and saw mills, a town hall, and two hotels. Ontario, 10 miles south, and liidgeville, 2i miles distant, are reached by stage. Norwalk, 2.33 miles from Chicago, population 600. Brook trout streams, and many kinds of game, are found in the vicinity. Summit, 230 miles from Chicago, is at the south end of tunnel No. 3, which is three-fourths of a mile long. On this part of the line w-ill be found three long tunnels through the hills, and much pictur- esque and wild scenery. Sparta, 246 miles from Chicago, is an incorpo- rated village of four thousand inhabitants, and one of the finest inland towns of Central Wisconsin. Situated in a fertile valley, entirely surrounded by gigantic bhitTs and rocky elevations, near the head w.aters of the La t'rosse river, it presents, with ita handsome white painted dwellings and church edi- fices, its costly business houses and public build- ings, with streets adorned with natural and culti- vated foliage, the appearance of a prosperous South- cm country-seat. Its surroundings are picturesque, and even romantic. To the northwest, and at a distance of five miles, can be seen Castle Rock, towering majestically to a height of seven hundred feet above the level of the river, standing like a silent sentinel on the top of the encircling cordon of bluffs that surround the valley. From its lofty summit can be seen the blue hills of Minnesota, across the " Father of Waters," and an extended panorama of hill and dale is presented to the admir- ing gaze. Looking back to the southward, the eye rests— in summer— on the verdure-covered plain below, dotted over with its nice farm houses, teem- ing fields of grain, and crystal streams of pure soft water, abounding plentifully with the finest of The Chicago & NortiJ-Wksterk Railway. 97 speckled tront, affording eport and recreation for the " troutist," in the midst of whichSparta stands. Monarch of the Valley. Pleasure drives and hunt- ing grounds are numerous. Delightful camping places and pic-nic resorts are everywhere to be founa beneath the ridges that encircle the town. In addition to the general natural and artificial advantages and attractions which Sparta presents, it offers special inducements to those in search of Health or cure of diseases. To this class, nature, art and science seem to have combined and concen- trated here the means for the treatment and suc- cessful rejuvenating and curing those suffering from ailments incident to life in less favored local- ities. In October, 1867, the boring of an artesian well was undertaken, it r the purpose of supplying the vil- lage with water. This object was successfully ac- complished—a supply of mineral water was unex- pectedly obtained at a depth of three hundred and fifteen feet, which is free to all visitors. Several of these wells have since been sunk, and a careful analysis, by accomplish- ed experts, has demon- strated that the water possessed remarkable medicinal and curative properties. During the year 1875, not less than twenty-five thousand strangers par- took of the healing wa- ter of these remarkable wells, who, without a single exception, made unreserved acknowledg- ment of the benefits they had received in conse- quence thereof. A thor- ough analysis of it re- veals the fact that the water has no superior as a chalybeate and tonic water, on this continent or in Europe. The hotel accommodations of Sparta are excel- lent. The Warner. The Ida, The American, The Windship, The Wagner, The Bates, and The Laird hotels furnish amplo accommodations. All of the comforts, conveniences and essential luxuries, are to be had for less than half the cost of the same at the Kastern watering places. Sparta has a large trade in grain— in wheat es- pecially ; more than 1,000,000 bushels of grain, and 50,000 barrels of flour are shipped from here annually. It has a paper mill, making 40,i 00 pounds of paper daily, a county court house, opera house that seats COO persons, one public hall. The Ida, seating 300, two newspapers, and three banks. Trout are abundant, there being over 250 miles of trout streams in the county (Monroe). Perch Lake was artificially stocked with perch. Bear in mind that the direct route from Chicago to Sparta, is by the old reliable North-Western road. Do not be deceived in buying tickets to Sparta, by longer and more circuitous routes. Leon^ 4 miles south, Aiigelo, Smiles, Cataract^ 12 miles north, St. Mary^s, lOmiles southeast, Coon, 25 miles south, Viroqua, 32 miles south, and Onta- rio, 30 miles southeast, are tributary, and are reached by daily stage. Herseyville, 250 miles, and Fish Creek, 252 miles from Chicago, are unim- portant stations. Bangor, 255 miles from Chicago, is a village of 600 inhabitants, 16 miles east of the Mississippi river. It has three hotels, one woolen mill, three churches, and a good school. Excellent fishing and shooting can be found close to the village, in the La Crosse river, within a fourth of a mile of the town. Pike, pickerel, black and rock bass, and several other varieties of fish, are found in great abundance. A fine (brook) trout stream flows through the village, and half a mile from it is a large artificial trout pond, fully stocked with flsh. In the woods which surround the vDlage, are found deer, squirrel, and wild turkeys. Many bird- dogs are kept here for hire, and there is also a pack of hounds for fox hunting, owned by the Hon. John Bradley, who has a summer reside'nce at this Highland Hall, Highland Park, III.— page 104. place. The Bangor House, by E. A. De Van, ivill be found to be a comfortable home for hunters. "West Salem, 260 miles from Chicago, is in La Crosse county, 1 mile from La Crosse river. Min- doro. North Bend, and Melrose, are tributary. The village contains 600 people, and has a good graded school with four departments, three churches, one hotel, and one public artesian well. Winona Junction, 267 miles from Chicago. This station is our depot for the city of La Crosse, 2)4 miles down the river. La Crosse contains over 10,000 inhabitants, and is a fine business centre. We here reach the line of the La Crosse, Trempea- leau & Prescott Kailroad, now owned by the Chi cago & North-Western Railway, and forming from this point to Winona, 30 miles distant, the western end of the present Madisfin division of the Chicago & North-Western Railway. Onalaska, 269 miles from Chicago. This village has ,500 people; is 5 miles from the city of La Crosse, to which stages run twice daily, connecting with both our passenger trains. A stage also runs from here via Melrose to lilack River Falls, three times each week. Considerable lumbering is carried on at 98 The Nokth and West Illustrated. this station. From this point a line of railroad is fteinR built into La Crosse, and soon we sliall liave our throujjli trains running into that enterprising city. Midway, 27.3 miles from ChicJ^go. New Amnter- dam, 4 miles distant, McGHroij's Ferry, 5 miles, Calebs Ferry, and Stevenstown, Smiles, are tributa- ry. La Crosse, 8 miles distant, is reached by stage. Trempealeau, 284 miles from Chicago, is in Trempealeau county, (a large but not densely pop- nlated county,) 7 miles from GalesvUle, the cap- ital of the county, and has 600 inhabitants. Pine Chkek, 291 miles. Marshland, 292 miles, and Bluff Side, 295 miles from Chicago, are new sta- tions. Wc have now reached the Mississippi river, and will cro.ss it on a line bridge, built at a cost of commercial city in Southern Minnesota, and th« third in point of population in th? State, and is sit- uated on a beautiful level prairie, on the west bank of the Mississippi river. The first white settlement made in this place was in 1851. Winona is noted for the natural beauty of its site ; for its healthfulness ; for the air of taste, comfort, and culture which pervades its residences ; for its excellent system of schools ; and generally for its thrift, energy, and commercial activity. It has the best system of graded schools in Minnesota, and is, in addition, thcseat of the first State Normal School, an exceedingly well conducted and successful insti- tution, for the training of teachers. The business portion of the town is compactly and substantially built of brick and stone, the streets are wide and regularly laid out, and its ^-hole apt- pearance betokens business activity and prosperity. It has public school houses that cost $235,000, a Normal School building that cost $82,000, seventeen churches I hat cost $2.JO,000, six lum- er firms *at sell 50,000,000 ■ct of lumber yearly, six I iluur mills— one being the est in the State — two iiindries, five- sash, door iiiil blind factories, two bar- icl factories, a court house and jail, three fine public halls, seating 2,100 jjcrsons, many hotels and manufac- iciiies not named abpve, and. ■i large number of whole- I sale and retail business uses. Stages run daily to Alma and Fountain City, I hrec times a week to Jiush- J'ord, and twice weekly to Houston. We have thus briefly tched the historj- and business condition of the beautiful and prosperous I young city of Winona. W. 8. lngraham'8 Cold Fish Pond, Waulcegan, lll.-page 105. "''^'"S ""f "'"^ '^^ P/^^^°' . a . = growth and prosperity un- der many adverse circumstances, there is abun- $.350,000 by the Chicago & North-Wcstern RaOway Co., and at 297 miles from Chicago reach AVinona. This city of 11,000 persons, is the cap- ital of Winona county, Minn., which was organized m 1854, and has 28,000 inhabitants. Lake Winona adjoins the city limits, and in an early day was eo noted for itsgame,lhatitssurrounding8 were named " Prairie aux Isle," or " Prairie of Winged Fowl." Some years after it was named Wabasha Prairie, after the Sioux chief of that name, whose tribe for many generations made this location its home The county is quite famous for its trout streams. The city of Winona is the largest and most important dant reason to believe that now, with important and increasing railroad facilities secured— with ft position admirably adapted to the carrying on of extended commercial and manufacturing opera- tions—and with a liberal minded and energetic population— its future will bo as bright and suc- cessful as its most sanguine founders ever dared to hope for. To reach this pleasant and prosperous city, you must take the trains of the Chicago & Xorth-West- crn Railway Company, as it is the only line that controls the entire route from Chicago to this point. FINE LAND AT LOW RA TES. The Chicago & North-Western Railway Company has, through the "Winona & St. Peter Railroad Company, for sale, in tracts of 40 acres and upwards, at from $5 The Chicago & Noeth-Westbrn Railway, 9»^ to $10 per acre (on time), about 1,104,664 acres of choice farming lands in the State of Minnesota, and the Territory of Dakota, alongthelineof said Winona & St. Peter Rail- road, between Winona, on the Mississippi river, and Lake Kampeslsa, in the Territory of Dakota. These lands are very desirable for the production of wheat, barley, oats, and other small grain, and all other farm products usually raised in that latitude. They are well watered by springs and clear running streams. The spring seasons are early, and under the warm summer days of Minnesota and Dakota, the warm and friable soil of these lands will richly repay the husbandman for his labor thereon with abundant crops. Minnesota lands, as is well known, produce the greatest number of bushels of wheat per acre, on the average, which is of the finest quality, and commands the highest prices in market of any wheat raised in the United States of America. Full particulars of these lands can be obtained by addressing George P. Goodwin, Land Commissioner of the Chicago & North- Western Railway Company, Chicago, 111, Minnesota City, 303 miles from Chicago, is on Eolling Stone river, and has fine water power, on which are two flour mills, one of sis and the other of thirteen run of stone, manufacturing 90,000 to 100,000 barrels of flour, and buying over 2,000,000 bushels of wheat yearly. Brooli trout in consider- able numbers are caught in the streams at the head waters of the river. Population of village, 500. Stockton, 308 miles from Chicago. Population, 750. Is located in a valley surrounded by timbered bluffs. It contains a flour mill, school, hotel, and two churches, Lewiston, 316 miles from Chicago, is a pretty village of 400 people. Utica, 310 miles from Chicago. Population, 200. Has one hotel, three grain elevators, and a good echool. St. Charles, 325 miles from Chicago. Is an active, bustling city of 1,500 people. The city is built in a valley, is surrounded with wooded bluffs, and has one graded echool, seven churches, and' three hotels. Dover, 329 miles from Chicago, is in Olmstead county, is strictly a temperance town, and has four grain elevators, handling 600,000 bushels of wheat yearly, two hotels, and 200 inhabitants. Chatjield, 10 miles south, and Piainview, 10 miles north, are reached by stage. £yota, 334 miles from Chicago, has a population of 500 persons, a good school of two departments, one church, a public hall that rents at flOper night, and one hotel. Elgin, 11 miles northwest, is reached weekly by stage. Chester, 341 miles from Chicago, is a village of 800 people. Roch ester, 347 miles from Chicago, i s the county seat of Olmstead county, which was organized in 1858, and now has 21,000 people resident therein. The Zumbro ( ?) and Root rivers run throngh the county, and besides furnishing ample water power, thoroughly drain the land. Twc-thirds of the county IS of gently undulating prairie, and the rest heavily wooded with oak, hickory, maple, and other hard woods. The soil is fertile and not sur- passed in richness by any m the State. The city of Rochester contains about 5,000 people, and is loca- ted in a beautiful valley about two miles wide, through which the Zumbro ( ?) river runs. Pictur- esque biuffs lie along the valley, from the crests of which many fine views are obtained. The city has wide streets, fine business houses, large manufac- tories, fine residences, eleven churches, and several schools ; one school building cost $75,000, and two others $7,000 each. The court house is a fine brick structure, and cost $50,000. Two public halls, seat- ing l,500people, furnish ample facilities for theatres, concerts, and other shows. Three hotels furnish first class fare for transient guests. At the depot is a first class eating house, by C. C. Morrill, at which all passenger trains stop for meals. Four stage lines centre here, viz. : High Forest, via Steivartsville, 15 miles, fare $1.00 ; Spring Valley, . yia Marion and Pleasant Grove, 34 miles, fare $1.50 ; Lake City, via Oronoco, Mazeppa, Bear Valley, and Lincoln, AQ miles, fare $2.50 ; Red Wing, via Orono- co, Pine Island, and Zumbro, 47 miles, fare $3.25. Game is abundant on the prairie around the city. Olmstead, 353 miles from Chicago, an unimpor- tant station. Byron, 356 miles from Chicago. Population, 200. Is 3 miles from Zumbro ( ?) river, has a school, two churches, and one hotel. Kasson, 362 mUes from Chicago. This is a handsome village of 1,500 people. It has doubled its population in the last two years. Is surrounded by one of the largest wheat growing districts in the State. It baa a fine hotel, four churches, and two schools. Dodge Centre, 368 miles from Chicago. Is in Dodge county, 8 miles from Mantorville, the county seat, which has a population of 1,000, and with Wasioga, 6 miles, and Concord, 2 miles distant from Dodge Centre, are reached by daily stage. The village has 900 inhabitants, and bus wide, shaded streets — in fact, there are so many shade and ornamental trees within the limits, that the citizens call their place " The Park City." The principal hotel is The Kinney House. Clarenaont, .375 miles from Chicago. Popula- tion, 200. Is in the midst of a fine farming country. Wild land sells from $6 to $25 per acre. Havana, 382 miles from Chicago. An unimpor- tant station, opened in 187.5. Owatonna, 387 miles from Chicago. The name ia from an Indian word, "Ouitunya," meaning straight, hence Straight river is the oftlcial name of the etreaia on which this city is built. This is the capital of Steel county, which was organized in 1854, and has 11,000 100 The North and West Illustrated. inhabitants. This city is in the centre of a verj- fertile county, and has a larjce trade in grain, mer- chandise, and agricultural implements. It has fine schools, two churches, a cheese factory, nsing the milk of 400 cows, stone-ware factory, flour mills -an opera house, three banlcs, with $200,000 capital, three newspapers, and a number of large mauufac- tnres. It has eight hotels, three at least being first class. The court house is well built, and adapted for county business. Mineral springs have been ■discovered li miles from the city, and arc being 'developed by a company who own the land on which nine of the springs are located. The water of one of the springs is said to resemble that of the celebrated Vichy. Dodge City, Morion, Albert Lea, and Freeborn, are reached by stage from this station. liice, Beaver, and Oak Glen Lakes are 2 to 4 miles distant from the depot. At this point we cross the Iowa & Minnesota division of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, and find direct rail connections for Med/ord, G miles, Faribault, 1.5 miles, Dundas, 26 miles, and Northfleld, 29 miles distant. Passengers for these points should see that their tickets read via the Chicago & North-Weatorn Railway, all the tvay from Chicago to Owatonna. 3Ieriden, 396 miles from Chi- cago, is a village of 100 people. Waseca, 402 miles from Chi- cago, is the county seat of Waseca county, which was or- ganized in 1857. This is one of the best wheat counties in the State. The name is Dakota In- dian, and means "The Laud of Plenty." In the early history of this county are some features that will bear repeating. The first settlers reached here Feb- ruary 7, 1855, and found the snow five feet deep. They built a lioiise of logs, " chinked" it witli grass, and " banked it up" with snow. The nearest settlement was in Iowa, 100 miles south. In 1857 the credit of the county was so poor, and money so scarce, that the county authori- ties in borrowing money on the credit of the county, had to pay interest at the rate of five per cent, per month, and that for fifteen months at a time. The winter of 1858-'9set in early, and was of unusual length and sever- ity. Family supplies and food of all kinds became scarce, and before spring were exhausted. Corn bran alone was left, and for weeks was the only food used by the people. When the snow melted, wild roots were dug, which with milk, served the people for many weeks. Finally the plant ginseng was found in the woods, and farmers, lawyers, doctors, priests, and all the peo- ple, dug up its roots and sent them to Dubuque, Iowa, over 200 miles, for a market, and from the proceeds managed to live until the next harvest was ripe. What a change time hns wrought ! Now the county is thickly seU fed with a rich population, does not owe a dollar, and is in every way proajwrous and prospering. The village was laid out in 1858, and now contains a l)opulation of 1,500 persons. Its court house is of The Chicago & North-Western Railway. lor brick, and it has good schools, seven churches, brick business blocks, banks, public halls, flour mills, grain elevators, and good hotels. JanesviUe, 413 miles from Chicago, a village of 700 people, in Waseca county, on the outlet of Lake Elyrian, a beautiful body of pure, clear water, 7 miles long. The lake is stocked with many varieties offish. Salmon have recently been introduced. Oka- man at the head of the lake, and Alma, 6 miles south, are reached by stage. The village contains a grain elevator, holding 45,000 bushels, schools, three churches, a flour mill with four run of stone, and two hotels. The celebrated Lake Elyrian farm of Col. Charles De Graff, adjoins the village, contains 2,700 acres, and is thoroughly stocked with blooded animals, amongst which is a large herd of Alderney s. £agle Lake, 421 miles from Chicago. This sta- tion is in Blue Earth county, and in the centre of "The Big Woods," which runs along the Minnesota river for over 100 miles. The village contains 300 people, four schools, one church, saw and flour mills, one grain elevator, and one hotel. The village is built on the shore of Eagle Lake, which is 5 miles in circumference, and is "full of fish." No better ■water-fowl shooting grounds can be found in the countrj Reed birds are found in countless numbers. Madison Lake, 40 miles in circumfer ence, is 3 miles north, James town, H miles east, Tivola 3 miles east, Winnebayo Agency, 5 miles distant, an tributary. The La Sueur river £ is 5 miles east. Mankato, 432 miles from Chicago. This is oneoftli finest, largest, most thrivin„ and growing cities in the State. It is the county seat of Blue Earth county, and contains over ,5,500 inhabit- ants. Five rivers converge here, and empty into the Min- nesota river ; they are the Blue Earth, Maple,' Cobb, La Sueur, and Wau- tqj*\van, and cause the vicinity to be called the "Undine Region." In the county are also 30 lakes : Loon, Crystal, Jackson's, Eagle, Kice, Madison, Laura, Wilte, and Minneopa, being the largest. The Falls of Minneopa, on the outlet of Jakes Crystal and Loon, are very fine, and are claimed to be finer than Minnehaha in many respects. Wc give two views of these falls. One, a winter scene, shows the beautifying efl'ect of winter-work on the cataract and its surroundings. La Sueur, a French voyageur, built in 1700 Fort L. Hillier, on the site of Mankato, and a portion of the ruins arc still preserved. Wild land (i to 12 miles from Mankato, can be bought for from $10 to $15 per acre, while cultivated farms sell for from $30 to $50 per acre. In 1875, 1,500,000 bushels of wheat were sold from this county. In the city ar©: three schools, each having 500 scholars, Catholia and Lutheran church schools, twelve churches, oil works, woolen mill, two plow factories, two iron foundries and machine shops, fifteen hotels, an academy of music, that co.st $20,000, Turner's hall, that cost $10,000, several flour mills, a paper mill, and a driving park. Ten or twelve flowing artesian wells supply ample water for public uses. The Jesuits are erecting a fine college building. Sports- men can have rare sport here, game and fish abound- ing. The St. Paul & Sioux City R. R. here give* us rail connections for the country traversed by that line. Kasota, 434 miles from Chicago. This village is 8 miles west of Cleveland, the county seat of La Sueur county, which is reached by stage, fare 75c^ The McAllister Springs, Waukegan, III.— page I09« Around the village are many beautiful little lakes,, from which fish may be taken in any season of the year. The Minnesota State insane asylum is one mile north, and a State prison is being erected adja- cent. The Kasota House, by J. W. Babcock, is the best hotel. St. Peter, 437 miles from Chicago. In Nicollet county, 134 miles from St. Paul, by river— the Minnesota, or as once called, the St. Peter — maybe found this city of 8,500 souls. It is built on ter- races, on the left bank of the river, and has a very attractive and picturesque location. Many lakes are near the city, and one of them. Lake Emily, has recently been stocked with Atlantic salmon. The city contains three hotels, a fine brick school house, that cost $28,000, and seven less costly ones. The Swedish Lutheran church has a college here, the 102 The NopwTii and West Illustrated. bnlldings and grounds costing over $50,000, of which $5,000 was given by the county, and $5,000 and the land by the city. The State asiylum for the insane, situated between Kasota and St. Peter, occupies building.'^ that cost $470,000 ; they are very com- plete, and arc heated by steam. Oshawa, 447 miles from Chicago, is a village of 300 persons. Nicollet, 451 miles from Chicago, has a popu- lation of 300, was laid out in 1874, has a grain eleva- tor, holding 00,000 bushels, one hotel, and a plow factory. Swan Lake, one mile northwest, is 15 miles long by 10 wide, and is full of heavily tim- bered islands. Tlie Waupeton band of Sioux Indians claim this lake as their home, and twice yearly return to its shores to offer sacrifices to their gods, or to the dead in their burial place, on the shores of the lake. Milwaukee Previous to 1835.— page 108. Courtland, 459 miles from Chicago, is a new Station. New Dim, 467 miles from Chicago, is the county seat of Brown county, which was organized in 18.55, and immediately received from Chicago over 300 Germans, who have since attracted many hundred families of their countrymen to the city and county. The city shows many marks of Oerman thrift and care, and is noted for its stability and conservatism. Turner Hall, and Arbities Hall, together cost over $80,000, and serve as gathering places for the socia- ble inhabitants. St. Michael's academy has the best building in the city. It is occupied by the Sis- ters of the Congregation of Christian Love, who, on being expelled from Prussia by order of Prince Bismark, were invited to settle here. In 1862 the city having 200 houses and 2,000 people, was besieged by Sioux Indians, who had ravaged the county for many miles around. After abandoning their liomes, the people took i)osse8sion of and held a large brick house, andsuccessfully withstood the attack* of the Indians, until they were relieved by soldiers sent here for that purpose. That loop-holed house still stands. Redwood Falls, 45 miles, and Beaver, 40 miles distant, are reached by stage. In the sum- mer a steamer also runs to Beaver, via the Minne- sota river. We now leave the older settled part of the line, and reach the border. Sleepy-Eye I^ake, 480 miles from Chicago. The lake and the village are named after a celebrated Dakota Indian, by name " Ish-tahm-ba," or Sleepy- Eye. The village has 300 inhabitants. Game abounds in the vicinity, and many varieties of fish in the lakes, of which, besides Sleepy-Eye, there are several. Golden Gate, 7 miles, Therta, 5 miles, and Leavenivorlh, 7 mi\c9, are tributary post-villages, and are reached by stage. Kunning west 65 miles, we pass through a beautiful prairie country, that is but now being settled. Three years ago no settler had made a home _ beyond Sleepy-Eye g^:^^-j Lake, and not until ^^== the raUroad was 5=§ completed through :i this section could any lauds be se- cured. liiirns, Cotton- -wood, Walnut Grove, L^ke Shetek, and Sar- atoga, arc sta- tions without agents. Marshall, 545 miles northwest of Chicago, js the most westerly sta- tion having an agent. It is the county seat of Ly- on county, which has less than 4,000 people in it, all told. The village has a population of 500, and is built on Redwood river. It has a school, two churches, two hotels, and is grow- ing rapidly. Camden, 9 miles southwest. Lake Ben- ton, 25 miles, Granite Falls, 30 miles, Nordland, 12 miles, Redwood Falls, 40 miles, Lac Qui Parle, 28 miles. Slate Line, 40 miles distant, are reached by stages weekly. Forts Thompson and Sully, on the Missouri river, about 165 miles distant, are plso reached by stage from this station. With the open- ing of the Black Hills to the gold hunter and emi- grant, this must prove a good outfitting point, as it is well known that the entire route from this point to the Missouri river is over a fertile prairie, heavily covered with nutritious grasses, with plenty of wood and water. The railroad is built from here through Lac Qui Parle, State Line, Dakota, Coteau, and Prairie, to Lake Kampeska, 024 miles from Chicago, but as the country is as yet unsettkd, these stations have no agents. No finer country can be found anywhere than lies along this line, and now that these lands are in the market, they will soon be settled as thickly as any other part of the line. The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 103 THE MILWAUKEE DIVISION, AND ITS CONNECTIONS. Leaving Chicago from the depot at the corner of West Kinzie and Canal streets, this line follows along the western shore of Lake Michigan, and so close thereto, that the lake, with its steamers and sailing vessels, are almost always in sight from the trains. It passes through a succession of beautiful and flourishing towns and villages, amongst which will be found Evanston, Highland Park, Lake Forest, Waukegan, Glen Flora, Kenosha, Racine, and Milwaukee. These are all pleasant summer resorts, and offer to the summer resident many facilities that cannot be found further away from the great cities. Besides the above named, along this line are a large number of pretty villages, in which the summer can be spent pleasantly and quietly. Bear in mind that all of these places enjoy the breezes from the lake, and from most of them the lake is but a few minutes walk distant. To reach any of these places, you must take the Chicago & North-Western Railway, as it is the only line that reaches them, or that runs along the lake shore. Suburban trains are run from Chicago, so as to accommodate those living on this line, but doing business in Chicago. Below will be found a tabular statement, showing rates of fare, in effect June 1st, 1876, (liable to change) : Commutation Rates — Milwaukee Division. 5.3 5.8 6.7 7.7 9.1 10.2 10.8 11.8 13.1 14.0 16.5 17.5 18.9 21.8 22.9 24.2 28.0 80.1 85.6 87.3 89.9 61.4 61.7 85.0 OI3:iO^C3-0 Belle Plalne Ravens wood Summerdale Rose Hill Rogers' Park Calvary South Evanston. Evanston North Evanston. Wllmette Wlnnetka Lakeside Glencoe Ravinla Highland Park.. High wood Lake Forest Rockland Waukegan Glen Flora Benton Kenosha Racine Milwaukee 9.45 9.90 10.60 13.65 ( 16.35 ■( "lliOO 22.50 Family Tickets limited to Four Months. + Family Tickets limited to Six Months. Leaving the city, 6 miles out we come Ravenswood, a rapidly growing village with 1,000 people, aud having good schools, churches, etc. Summerdale is 7 miles out. Rose Hill with its ■cemetery, is 8 miles from Chicago. The village is called Lake View, and the post office Uavelock. Bwvmanville is 1 mile distant. Rogers' Park is 9 miles from Chicago ; first house built in 1872, and IB now a pleasant village. Calvary with its ceme- ^ry, is 10 miles from Chicago. South Evanston, to- EvANSTON, and North Evanston, are 11, 12 and 13 miles distant from Chicago, and together have about 10,000 inhabitants. Evanston was founded in 1853, by the North-Western University. The village waa named after Dr. John Evans, since Governor of Col- orado. It is strictly a temperance town, no liquor being allowed to be sold within four miles of the station. It is the site of the Union Theological School and Woman's College. Sixteen hundred 104 The North and West Illustrated. students are being educated here. In the city are gas works, water wo: kt., twelve churches, one news- paper, banktu, and many fine buniness honscs. ■\Vllmptte, (Indian, Ouilmette) is 14 miles from Chicai,'(), and has 500 residents. It is located in a natural grove of hard wood trees, which lend their attractions to the place. AVinin'tka. The name is said to be Indian, for " Beautiful Land," which well describes the village. It hiisa population of 900 souls, four churches, fine schools, one. of (K)U scholars, a hotel for 100 guests, and busincps liou«es enough to supply all the com- mercial wants of the people. This also is a temper- ance village. Lake Side, 18 miles out, is agrow- Ing village. Glencoe, 19 miles from Chicago, was first settled by ^V^ S. Gurnee, in 1869, and has now 500 residents. The village is half a mile from the station, and has natural groves, good water, schools, and churches. Ravinia, 21 miles from Chicago, is Lake Dells, Milwaukee, Wis pushing itself into notice as a jdeasant suburb of Chicago. Highland Park, 23 miles from Chicago, has a charming location, on high blulTs overlooking Lake Michigan. The town was laid out by a company that has spent much money in building streets and ■walks, and otherwise improving it. It has several good schools, four churches, and excellent society. Highland Hall was built for a hotel, and is used for that purpose from May to September, while, during the rest of the year, it is occupied as a Collegiate In- stitution for the education of young ladies, with the following broad and comprehensive curriculum : A Preparatory Department— with the u«ual Ele- mentary Branches, pur.^iied with great thorough- ness ; aDepartment of Literature— including Gram- mar, Ancient, Medieval and Modern History, Rhet- oric, Composition, Literature, and Criticism ; a Department of Natural Science— including Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, Mineralogy, Geology, Zool- ogy, and Botany ; a Mathematical Department- including Algebra, lUiok-KeciJing, CJeonietry, Trig- onometry, and its applications ; a Department of Hygiene- including Physiology, Anatomy, CaMs- thenics, and Practical Lessons in care of the Health; a Department of Languages— Latin and Greek, French, German, Spanish, and Italian ; a Depart- ment of Philosophy— Mental and Moral, Logic and Civil Government ; a Department of Music— the Piano, the Organ, the Guitar, Harmony and Thor- ough Bass, Individual Vocal Training, and Class Drill ; a Department of Fine Art— Drawing in all styles. Painting in Oils and Water Colors, Modeling and Sculpture ; a Department of Practical Art- including Telegrapuy, Wood Engraving, etc. ; an Optional course — selected from the foregoing studies, to suit individual wants ; with careful instruction in Morals and the Manners of Good Soci- ety ; all under the instruction of able Professors and Teachers. President Weston, who will have charge, says : " In transferring our educational work from Lake Forest to High- land Park, it is proper to state to the public the \^ reason 1 of the ■ change. The trus- tees of the Lake ^ " Forest University having revived the long - cherished project of building up a grand institu- tion in tlie inter- ests of the Pres- byterian church, have determined to unite the La- dies' Seminary (Ferry Hall), and the Boys' Acad- emy, under one presidency, and thus to lay the foundation of their projected University for young men and women. Having ourselves under- taken a different enterprise, and carried it for- ward thus far with gratifying success, we purpose to continue that work at Highland Park, with a college corporation organized under the laws of the State, for the education of young ladies, with- out connection with any school for young men, and conducted in the special interests of no one religious denomination. This we do on the plain common sense principle of demand and supply, without wasting time in discussing the merits and demerits of co-education, or the propriety of denom- inational schools. We know that most of our pat- rons prefer to send their daughters to institutions intended for young ladies only ; and are not anxious that the school education of their children should bo impressed with any sectarian features. Sur- rounded by an enterprising and cultivated commu- nity, organized into dilVerent religious societies, and dwelling together in the spirit of unity, the Institution will provide for the Sabbath worship of its members with such churches in town as the parents of each may select— Episcopalian, Baptistv -page I 10. The Chicago & North-Westkrn Railway. 105 or Presbyterian— and for such religious exereiees in the College itself as shall contribute to their gener- ous Christian culture. The facilities for such an institution at Eighland Hall are unusually excel- lent. The building is new and capacious, the rooms large and handsomely furnished, and the location well known for its beauty and healthful- ness, and its general fitness for the purposes of a Ladies' School." Half Day and Deer field are tributary villages, and are reached by stage daily. HIghwood is the next station north, and is 24 miles from Chicago. Lake Forest, a city of 1,500 persons, is 28 miles from Chicago, and is the seat of educational insti- tutions, with a national reputation for excellence. A male academy, patterned after the celebrated Phillips Academy, of Andovcr, Mass., and a female seminary, are es- pecially noted. Lake Forest University received in 1875 $80,000 to found profepsor- Bhips, and it has over $295,000 worth of assets. The city is on the highest ground between Milwaukee and Chicago, is a temperance town, and has one good hotel. Bockland is 30 miles from Chicago. Waukegan, .36 miles from Chicago, is the county seat of the county of Lake, so called because of it possessing fifty- «ix beautiful lakes within its boundaries. The city has be- tween 7,000 aud 8,000 inhabit- ants ; is situated on a bluff overlooking Lake Michigan, on the western shore of that body of water. The town proper, stands about one hundred feet above the lake, and in point of attractiveness as a summer re- sort, stands unrivaled in all the Western States. Its acknowl- edged beauty, fine drives, soci- E ety, Bchools, picturesque scen- ery, ravines, brooks, and gen- eral loveliness, as fashioned by Nature's own hand", aided by liberal outlays of money, combine to make it a place which will be sought for by the thousands of private families who yearly, more and more, seek the health-giving quiet and retire- ment of the country, in order to avoid the heat, dust and noise of a busy metropolis. Waukegan offers attractions far superior and more meritorious than hundreds of other points, which, by systematic newspaper puffery and adver- tising, have become more or less celebrated and popular to the seeker after health and quiet enjoy- ment. Its numerous mineral sprini,'8 have attracted thousands of peoiile here from our great commer- cial metropolis, Chicago, and other parts of the country. The most important of these springs, in a medical view, are the McAllister, Glen Flora, and Powell's, each of which claims advantages pecul iarly its own. The city has three schools with twenty teachers, nine churches, two public halls, and three hotels. Deep Lake, 15 miles north, has summer hotel, LibertyvUle, 10 miles off, }yauconda, 21 miles, Antioch, 20 miles, Milburne, 12 miles, and Hainsville, 12 miles distant, arc reached by f'tage. The largest evergreen tree nursery in the United States, is within the city limits of Waukegan. Glen Flora, nearly one mile north of Wauke- gan, is so intimately connected therewith, that we must treat it as a portion of that city. Let us mention here, that wc have no intention of detracting from the merits of other watering places; our only desire is to show, by a fair and candid comparison, that we have, within thirty-five miles of Chicago, all the attractions, and valuable tkhart Lake, Wis.— page I 15. From "Swartz.'* mineral springs, which can be reached with far less expenditure of time and money, than can other like attractions offered in this country. The Glen Flora Mineral Springs have not until lately been submit- ted to thorough analysis. The waters, which have been for perhaps untold ages gurgling from their cool, rocky depths, and flowing in miniature rivu- lets into Lake Michigan, have been, in a quiet way, doing good to many inhabitants of this pliice ; but not until last year was the true nature of these waters proven beyond question by scienliflc analy- sis. Let us compare this analysis with that of the, so far, most noted mineral spring of the West— the Bethesda, of Wnukosha, Wis. It will be seen by the figures of Prof. Bhmey, who has made several most minute and careful calculations, that the Glen Flora Mineral Springs arc, in all the valuable health-giving, restorative ingredients, 106 The North and West Illustrated. far superior to the " Betheuda." Ilere are the two analj'ses : Analysis of the Glen Flora Spring Water. The following is the result of the analysis by Prof. Jas. v. Z. Blaney & Son, of a specimen of water from ''Glen Flora" Miueral Springs. One U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches, contained — Chloride of Sodium 183 grains. Sulphate of Soda 1.852 " Bicarbonate of Soda 6.447 " Bicarbonate of Lime 15.568 " Bicarbonate of Magnesia 11.091 " Bicarbonate of Iron 115 " Alumina 151 " Silica 9U~ " Organic Matter 100 " Sulphur, a trace. Total 36.414 grains. The State Capitol, Sacramento, Cal.— page 30. Analysis of the Bethesda Spring Water. Chloride of Sodium 1.160 grains. Sulphate of Poiassa 454 Sulphate of Sodium 542 Bicarbonate of Lime 17.022 Bicarbonate of Magnesia 12. .388 Bicarbonate of Iron 042 Bicarbonate of Soda 1.256 Phosphate of Soda, a trace. Alumina 122 Silica 741 Organic Matter 1.983 Total 35.710 grains. The Glen Flora Springs are easy of access. About sixteen trains pass and repass between the cities of Chicago and Milwaukee daily. The railroad station named "Glen Flora," now completed, is only about one-quarter of a mile from the springs, which are reached by a newly graded road, leading up the bluff in close proximity to the springs. The loca- tion of Glen Flora Mineral Springs, for picturesque beauty and romantic surroundings, is unsurpassed in this country, and, indeed, in the world. They are nestled in a beautiful ravine or glen, originally named " Floral Glen," because of the profusion of beautiful \vild flowers which grow and thrive spon- taneously from end to end of its labyrinthian trace- ries. This glen has been, and is being, carefully sodded and terraced for long distances, by one of the most experienced of our western land.-icape gardeners, and while Nature has done wonders to make " Glen Flora" beautiful. Art and a liberal expenditure of money, are daily adding to the attractiveness of this soon-to-be most fashionable of watering places and summer resorts. An elegant and commodious hotel is now being erected, adjoining the springs, and will be ready for occupancy early in the summer of 1876. (See cut ol hotel.) 2'he Waukegan Magneeian Mineral Springs. For a long time Waukegan has been the scene of singular cures, which have from time to time been effected through some unknown agency, and for tha most part attributed to the general healthfulness ot the place. Thes* undoubted restora- tions to health, cou pled with certai» legendary stories in which Waukegan was, according to Indian tradition, the seat of certain medicine watery led John F. Powell to submit some cfc the magnesia spring water for analy.-*is, to the well known analytical chem- ists, Professors Jas. V. Z. Blaney & Son, of Chicago, when it was proved that one U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches, contained 48.811 grains of solid matter, as follows : Chloride of Sodium 1 .876 grains. Sulphate of Soda 5.796 Sulphate of Lime 7.412 " Bicarbonate of Lime 15 . 537 " Bicarbonate of Magnesia 17 276 " Bicarbonate of Iron 136 " Alumnia 230 " Silica ... 359 Organic Matter 189 " Chloride Potassium traces. Grains per gallon 48. 811 To those acquainted ^^^th the properties of mine- ral waters, the above statement will be a sufficient proof of the excellence of Magnesia Springs, as it shows them to be in many respects the best yet analyzed in America. To those unacquainted with the nature of the different ingredients which, when combined, give to water its wonderful curative vir- tues, we would briefly say that all authorities agree in recognizing bicarbonates as the most important elements in the medicinal combination of mineral waters, and that by comparing for themselves the Magnesia with other springs, they will find that the Waukegan has a far larger amount of bicarbonates than any other spring yet analyzed. In organic The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 107 matter, Bethesda Springs have 1 grain and 983-1000, or nearly two grains of this undesirable ingredient, to Waukegan Magnesia's 189-1000 of a grain. These springs are three-quarters of a mile south- ■west of the depot at Waukegan. The McAllister Springs. The McAllister Springs are situated in the south- em part of the city, one mile south of our depot at Waukegan, and are the property of Judge W. K. McAllister; they consist of a cluster of iive springs, all in close proximity, and remarkable for showing a vast difference in their analysis, and consequently adapted to various diseases. The grounds about the Springs are beautiful and the location desirable. Spring No. 3 is in its mineral combinations almost identical with the celebrated Bethesda Spring of Analysis of the McAllister Mineral Springs, Waukegan, Illinois. The analysis of Springs Nos. 1 and 2 made by Prof. Bartlett, and Springs Nos. 3, 4 and 5, by Prof. Blaney, of Chicago. One U. S. gallon, expressed as anhydrous compounds, contains : Waukesha, only that it contains more of the sul- phates of soda and potassa, more iron, and less organic matter, which must add to, rather than detract from, its value. Spring No. 5 contains sulphureted hydrogen, in addition to its other valuable ingredients. Spring No. 1 is recommended for the cure of rheumatism, Bright's disease, gravel, kidney com- plaints, dyspepsia and gout. No. 2 for liver complaints, dyspepsia and chronic constipation. Nos. 3 and 4 for costiveness, general debility, dyspepsia, heartburn, etc. No. 5 for diseases of the blood, scrofula, blotches, eruptions, acidity of the stomach, etc. The water is entirely free at the Springs. Spring No. 1. Spring No. 2. Spring No. 3. Spring No. 4. Spring No. 5. GRA.NS. GRAINS. GKMN|. "0^737 GRAINS. 0.354 0.943 1.193 a trace 1.401 0.451 0.416 Sulphate of Soda 3.665 0.581 0.470 17.574 11.541 0.859 0.253 1.605 15.511 10.988 2.268 0.320 18.810 9.561 2.229 19.597 9.961 2.877 12.737 6.537 Bicarbonate of Iron 0.108 0.162 0.091 094 0.071 4.357 Silica 0.659 0.842 0.870 0.146 0.530 0.940 0.100 a trace. 0.950 Alumina 0.215 0.180 Total 83.489 85.616 36.947 31.155 28.009 Spring No. 1 contains 1 cubic inch free carbonic eulphareted hydrogen. The Sag-au-nash Springs are located in the cen- tral part of the city. Their analysis shows a large amount of magnesia and other valuable properties. Benton, 40 miles from Chicago, and State liine, 45 miles, are not of large importance as sta- tions. At State Line, Spring Bluff post office, there are two cheese factories, a butter factory, two churches, and one hotel. Before the consolidation of the Milwaukee & Chicago and the Chicago & Milwaukee raUroads, as the two lines that now form the route between Milwaukee & Chica'40 were formerly called, State Line was the junction, and here all passengers were forced to change cars, and all freight to be transferred. Kenoslia is 51 miles from Chicago, and across the State line in Wisconsin. It is the county seat of Kenosha county, which was separated from Ra- cine county, and organized in 1850, and now has 20,000 population. It is a county of lakes, and has many, from one to two miles wide. Silver, Pad- docks, Camp, Centre, Lily, Powers and Twin lakes are the largest. On Twin lake is a pleasure steamer —The Lady of the Lake— that during the summer season carries tourists around its shores. , The city of Kenosha has 6,000 population, and three .\meri- can and one German public schools. Kemper Hall school, for boys, an Episcopal educiitioiial insti- tution, is on the lake shore, and has a girls' school acid gas. Spring No. 5 contains .019 cubic inch connected with it; it has a beautifdl location and is in a flourishing condition. Kenosha Water Cure is a noted water cure hotel, with 80 rooms. The Sanit a- riumof Dr. Gatchell, a noted curative institution, is IX miles from the station. Kenosha is the head- quarters of several large manufacturing establish- ments, among which the Bain Wagon Company em- ploys 200 men, and makes 16 complete wagons each working hour. Flour, leather, hay presses, tow, malt mills, wind mills, telegraph insulators, etc., are largely manufactured here. The fisheries off Ke- nosha give constant employment to 300 men. Racine Junction, 60 miles from Chicago, and Racine, 62 miles, form a flourishing city of 14,000 people. Racine is the county seat of Racine county, which has a population of 29,000. As a manufac- turing point Racine is not excelled by any in the State. J. I. Case & Co. 's threshing machine works, cover 11 acres of ground and employ 375 men, and make 1,700 threshing machines yearly: they pay for wages, $.350,000; for cast iron, $130,000; wrought iron, $115,000; lumber, $90,000; belting, $.50,000, and for postage stamps $2,000, yearly. Fish Brothers, in their wagon works, employ 220 men, and make 7,000 wagons yearly. Mitchell, Lewis & Co. em- ploy 200 men. and make 6,000 wagons yearly: the Racine Woolen Mills employ 90 men; Blake & Co. in their mills manufacture cloths and shawls ; 108 TiiK North and West Illustrated. Freeman & Smith, and the Racine Hardware Com- pany, munufactare florists' iron goods and light hardware; Stephen Freeman manufactures engines, castings, etc. ; Driver e places, to Whitefish Bay, Ave miles or more from the city, and most of the distunce upon the high bhifl" over- looking the lake, making a most charming summer drive. For much of the distance the hill-lops above these lowlands are covered with growths of wood, partially hiding from the avenue the beauties of the low grounds, with the exception of an occasional opening made by the crossing of a ravine. The Chicago & North-Western Railway. Ill No piace can be more favorable for a summer res- idence than the plateaus of the north shore. Shut out from the afternoon sun by the high wooded hills in the rear, with the charming and extended sea-view in front, with cooling lake breezes through- out the day, and every opportunity for sailing, fish- ing or bathing, enchanting rambles on sandy beach or through wild ravines, and unsurpassed drives, with the bustling city only a few miles away, j-et as entirely isolated from it as if in the Adirondacks. The sea-view from early dawn to sunset is beautiful, changing with the hours of the day, caused by the varying direction of the sun's rays upon the water, giving them a variety of brilliant tints or sombre back upon the lake, tinge the waters as well as the sail in the otiing with their own brilliant colors, making a picture so beautiful we wish it might never fade. During the late summer and early fall months, the temperature of the water is delightful for bathing, averaging in the shallow bay off Lake Dells, by ac- tual test and record, 68'^ to 72°, while the descent of the shore is so gradual, that at two thousand feet out, the sounding showed but eleven feet of water, the whole distance being a gradually sloping sandy bottom. Ko dust or mosquitoes are found upoa the lower ground, from the fact that the avenue is too far distant to furnish the former, and the =3a^ In the Yosemlto.— pages 36—38. breezes of the lake too cool for the latter. Another attraction of this location consists in the many drives descending the hillside, on the margin of the lake, or winding under the overarching trei s through ravines, affording from various points new and ex- tended lake views. hues. The picture is greatly enhanced by the large number of sail and steamers constantly in sight, engaged in the commerce of the lakes, the course of most of the passingvesselsbeingbuta mile distant. The splendor of the morning sky as the sun rises from the lake, is only surpassed by tlie beauty of our Western sunset, whose golden hues, reflected If you do not desire to remain at Milwaukee, you can, in the same cars that brought you from Chicago, push on to or towards Fond du Lac, by the Fond du Lac Air Line, an extension to the Milwaukee Division, that was opened for business two years ago. It shortens the distance between Chicago and Fond du Lac, and points north on the Wisconsin Division, many miles, and secures to pa.ssengcrs a choice of routes — to come via the line we have just described, and via Milwaukee, or to take the old route, via 112 The North axd West Illustrated. Janesville. Tickets to Pond du Lac, or beyond, are good by either route. Leaving Mil- waukee from our depot on the lake front, at the lake end of Wisconsin street, where is found an admirably well kept hotel. The Lake View, and a dining hall and ealinghouse, under the management of J. Y. Ross, that vies with any in the land, we pass Lake Shore Junction and Lindwerm, and reach, at 100 miles from Chicago, the village and station of Granville. Menomonee Falls is 3 miles distant, and is reached by stage ; fare, !f> ''ts. AVest Bend, 119 milcB from t'hicago, has a popu- lation of 1,500, and ie the county seat of Washington county, which has a pnpa- lation of 23,000. The vil- lage has good schools, one bank, two newspapers, two rrrain elevators, several breweries, making lager beer that rivals that made at Milwaukee ; two flour mills, each with four run of stone, and seven churclies. Its court house i* built of wood; it has a good public hall, and one hotel that can accommodate 200 guests. The village is built on the west bank of the Milwaukee river, and the station house is on the east bank. Young America, Mayfield, Filmore, Bolton- ville, Kohlsville, and Au- rora, are tributary villages. Harton is one mile from West Bend, and is built in a valley between two high hills. It has many pictu- resque aspects. The vil- lage contains three hotels, a fine school, two churches, and a lodge of Good Tem- plars. Kewaskum ie 127 miles from Chicago, and has a large grain trade. Three elevators are kept busy, one of them being the largest in the State, out- side of Milwaukee. The population of the village and surroundings is largely German. Now Cas§el, 133 miles from Chicago, is situated in the southeast part of Fond du Lac county, 16 miles from Fond du Lac, and 47 miles from Milwau- kee, in a rich farming country. The Milwaukee river passes through the eastern part of the village, furnishing good water power ; the railr 'ad passes through the western part. Surrounded by a beau- tiful forest on the north, and a chain of gentle ele- vations on the south, among the hills and valleys lies one of nature's parks. Its population is 500, a gain of :i(K) since the railroad started. There are four churches, a convent, and an academy for young ladles, and a good district school. The Salt Lake and Vicinity, pages 33, 34. RockapUl. lately Oermantoivn.ie 107 miles from Chicago, and has two grain elevators, and a fine business in bniklitig stone. Dkeinsville is 1!4 miles off, and is the headquarters of the Gormantown Insurance Company, which has $300,000 capital, and writes 3,000 policies yearly. Menomonee Falls, a pleasant summer resort, is ti miles off. Jackson is 112 miles from Chicago, and has 500 inhabitants, most of whom are Germans. It has three flour mills, a woolen mill, and two churches. Mayfield, 1!', miles, and Cler.r Creeic. on a lake of the same name, 3 miles distant, are tributary villages. The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 113 sides, presents a scene more resembling the fine tints and groupings of a splendid picture, than the substantial reality that is here. Eden is 140 miles from Chicago, and by this route Fond du Lac 148 miles, or 28 miles less than via Janesville manufactories of the place are unimportant, except the flouring mills of J. H. Reysen, the brewery of John P. Ilusting, and cheese factories of H. Schroot- en and Robert Miller. There are three good hotels —The Adams House, by A. Holzhoure, The Railroad House, by J. Degenhardt, and The New Cassel Ho tel, by P. Schoofs. The villages of Dundee and Eblesville are each 7 miles, Waucousta 5 miles, and Lomira Centre 8 miles from the station; Lake Fifteen is 3 miles, and Lotig Lake is 7 miles Z distant. They have many § attractions, and will soon IW become justly popular as ^ summer resorts. A large _ variety of game and fish o are found in those sec- % tions. OnBannon's farmi " jis al.so on Dierrenger s, 3 one mile from New Cas- o \\ •sel, may be found Indian E mounds, embankments, jj ditches, etc., laid out with Ig great precision, showing - that the builders had con- ^ siderable knowledge of c military science. Around ^ New Cassel the country g is gently undulating, with - ascents and declivities of vaiious heights and 5 depths. The forests are § oomposed of sugar maple, * basswood, elm, black and o white ash, red oak, hick- 9) ory, and butternut. The » soil is a deep, black, — sandy loam, with a mix- ^ ture of marl, and subsoil << of reddish clay. The first '| house was built in New 'g Cassel in 1843, and the K first school taught in 1848. _ The surroundings of New 0) Cassel are admitted by All who have seen them, to be unrivaled. Its roll- ing and fertile land, dotted ■with neat farmhouses, and the rich foliage of its woods and skirted bUl- UP THE LAKE SHORE. On reaching Milwaukee, you can proceed up the lake by taking, at our depot on the lake front, at the lake end of Wisconsin street, the cars of the Miiavaukee, Lake Siiokk & Western Railway that passes through Port Washington, Belgium, Shehoiigan, Man- itowoc, to Two Rivers. All these are aclive business cities, and besides having the rail- road, are on the lake shore, and thus have unusual facilities for shipping thi ir products Sheboypan, Wisconsin, the county seat of She- boygan couniy, is a thriving manufacturing city of about 7,000 inhabitimts. It is tVie eastern terminus of the Sheboygan & Fond du Lie Railway, and is the most important station on the line of the Mil- waukee, Lake bhore & Western Kailway north of ftAjH =^ ^■Jv ^gj^^^^^ ^p\^ V i ■ K^^^^ ' 1 1 . ^K ll hi ! ^p lli 1 is) i i '' sill 1 ^ mi '■«! N Mill ss :m ^^^^f^Wrf- mLit ^^J>^h„>jC^ 9BEika^^^~<0^^ lij'ivi' ll I",', ' S^^^#^ T''^/ •Sf ,'■' ■.'''■ '^■■'.'■•^'i,!l ^^^' "'% \'l/ wH^^^^^^^ 1 / h, ."-^N K V 'i'j. Milwaukee. The former of these roads makes close connections with the Wisconsin Division of the Chicago & North- Western Railway at Fond du Lac, and the latter is practically an extension of the Milwaukee Division of the Chicago & North-Weat- ern Kailway. 114 The North and West Illustraivd. Sheboygan is one of the most delightful summer resorts in the West. It is beautifully located upon a bluff overlooking Lake Michigan, whose azure waters, moving perpetually, and here and there dot- ted with sails, are a coui^tunt source of amusement to the eye ; while in the background lies a land- scape of rare beauty— hills clad with the richest verdure, groves of native forest trees, and fields of waving grain. The Sheboygan river Hows down one of the most picturesque valleys in the State, winds nearly half way round the city, and finally empties into the lake south of the residence portion of the place, affording a safe and convenient harbor. The city itself presents a most attractive appearance. It is tastefully laid out; its streets are wide and well shaded with oaks, maples and evergreens ; its business houses are mainly built of cream-colored brick. The court house is one of the finest struc- tures of the kind in Wisconsin. In walking about the city, one is struck with the scrupulous neatness of the streets, and the evidences of thrift, prosperity and refinement that are beheld on every hand. The society of Sheboygan is excellent, and (especially (luring the summer months) parties, concerts, and entertainments of various kinds are frequent. The city is well supplied with churches, and boasts sev- eral talented preachers. The river affords unsur- passed opportunities for rowing, while the lake is a favorite resort for those who enjoy sailing. Pleas- ure boats of all kinds may be had here. The fish, ing is good ; the fisheries off Sheboygan are among the most important on Lake Michigan, and a sum- mer day can hardly be more pleasantly spent than in visiting them in one of the steam fishing smacks. The drives in the vicinity of the city are fine. This is especially true of the drive up the river five miles, Comparative to the charming village of Sheboygan Falls. But,, after all, the chief attractions which Sheboygan holds out to the summer tourist, are the healthful- ness and coolness of its climate. Lying, as it does, ten miles out in the lake, it is fanned by deliciously cool and invigorating lake breezes from the north, east and south, and consequently, the intensely hot weather that prevails in the interior during the sum- mer months, is unknown here. The Beekman House is Sheboygan's ijriucipal hotel. It is well furnished, and is capable of accommodating one hundred guests. A recent acquisition is the discovery of nnusnally valuable remedial qualities in the waters of an ar- tesian well that has been sunk here. Its waters are strongly impregnated with various salts, and an analysis shows elements of rare value. Th& water is free to all comers. This well is located in the public park of the city of Sheboygan, and is 1,475 feet deep— 92 feet being through the drift. It has been tubed a distance of 450 feet, below which no rifts were found in the rock. The well discharges two hundred and forty gallons of- water per minute, at a temperature of 58 deg. Fahr. An analysis of the water shows that it is remark- ably rich in salts ; nothing of the same character having Ixeen found in the West. During ihe short time it has been used it has been found beneficial as a bath or internally. Annexed is an analysis as made by Prof. Bode, of Milwaukee, in December, 1875. An analysis of the waters of the Congress Spring, Saratoga, Sha- ron Springs, New York, Kissingeu and Krenznach, of Germany, is also added for the purpose of com- parison, to which your attention is called. Analtsis. Ome Wink Pint contains Solids Shsbotgan, Wisconsin. Temperature, 68 deg. Kahr. CoSOREBB, New York. Temperature, 62 deg. Fahr. Shakon. New York. Temperature, 48 deg. Fahr. KiSSlNGBV, Temperature, 61 deg. Fahr. Krsi-inach, Germany. Temperature, S4X deg. Fahr. Soda, Carbonate 0.934 0.002 " Nitrate 6. 07 44.71 Trace. 0.06 Sodium, Chloride 45.9.56 0.003 0.132 50.0.55 0.017 1.069 0.28 72.88a 0.278 " Iodide.-. 0.035 0.30 0.048 11.166 9.019 0.106 5.30 4.50 2.33 0.24 " Chloride 4.071 0.031 " Sulphate 0.093 0.187 9.518 12.449 8.14 2.99 0.04 1.698 13.95 Calcium, Chloride 13.603 13.389 Trace. 0.28 Pntassinm, Chlnride 1.238 1.006 0.111 0.374 2.20 0.624 " Chloride 0.003 0.15 o.6ia Trnce. 0.095 Trace. 0.137 0.025 Silica C.091 0.105 Trace. 0.09 0.129 82.235 75.267 20.11 65.62 93.846 The Chicago & North- Western Railway. US now and then peep through forest vistas, aflfording to the eye, as it feasts upon the varying charms, a most pleasing variety. The Swiss Cottage is a large hotel, and has 400 feet of wide veranda, and pleasant walks and drives. A steamboat and barge, sail and row-boats, are run to convey passengers to any part of the lake desired. About twenty rods from the hotel is a pavilion for dancing. There are neither house flies nor mosquitoes here to trouble the visitor. Talmage, Davison, and Sharp, have, in this vicinity, good farm houses, well adapted for boarding summer visitors. From Sheboygan, the popular summer resorts along the line of the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railway may be easily reached. It is only an hour's ride from Sheboygan to beautiful Elkhart Lake ; a three hours' ride to the famous mineral springs at Fond du Lac ; and a five hours' ride to that gem of Wisconsin scenery, Green Lake. Elkhart Lake. Wisconsin is famous for her beautiful lakes, the annual resort of thousands of people in quest of health and pleasure. Among the loveliest of these is Lake Elkhart, acknowledged to be one of the healthiest places in the West. It is fifty- seven miles north of Milwaukee, and can be reached by the Chicago & North-Westem Rail- way and its immediate connection, the Sheboy- gan & Fond du Lac Railway. The station, Glenbeulah, is three miles from the lake. Omnibuses run to the hotels from all the trains arriving at this station. Elkhart Lake covers about eight hundred acres, and is pleasingly diversified by bays, which coquettishly wind around jutting blufi's, beneath whose shades the crystal water slum- bers, so pure and clear that the white sand and gravel of the lake bottom can be plainly seen at a depth of twenty to twenty-five feet. All the brilliant colors of the rainbow are reflected on the smooth and spark- ling surface of the water, and bordered by a beau- tiful green, reflected from the foliage of the hillside. As viewed from the elevated veranda of Marsh's Swiss Cottage, the scene is beautiful beyond description. The hills that surround the lake are verdant with pine, spruce, maple, bass- wood, red and white ce- dar; while wheat fields FROM KEN08IIA, WIS., TO ROCKFORD, ILL. Running across the northern portion of the State of Illinois and a part of Wisconsin, is a line of railroad owned by this Company, that is known as the Kenosha and Rock- ford Division. It is 40 miles long, and runs through a charming farming country. It traverses the famous dairy district of Illinois, and its trains pass within a short distance 116 The North and West Illustrated. of many beautiful lakes, full of fish, and surrounded by a highly cultivated country. Leaving Kenosha, we successively pass Pleasant Prairie, WooDwoRTn, Bristol, 8AX.EM, Fox River, Bassetts, Genoa Junction, where it crosses the Fox River Di- vision, as before related ; Hebron, Alden, Hara^ard, where it crosses the Wisconsin Division ; Chemung, Capron, Poplar Grove, South Caledonia, where it crosses the Madison Division ; Argyle, and Harlem, and reach Rockford and the Freeport Line. In most of these villages are cheese and butter factories, and more or less of other manufactures. Near Fox River are Silver and Lily lakes. Wilmot and Munst^r are tributary, and reached by stage. Brighton is two miles from Salem, and is reached by stage. Twin Lakes are one and a half miles from Bassetts. Alden is a strict tem- perance village, of 200 people. Parke Corners and BusscUville are tributary to Capron. A Scotch settlement surrounds Argyle, which was named for the Scotch duke of that title. Although off the main line of tourist travel, these villages are well worth a visit. They are mostly inhabited by New England people, and would strongly remind the Eastern visitor of the many similar, pleasant, homelike, quiet villages he has passed through in New England. CONCLUDING REMARKS. We have traversed with you the countrj^ along and tributary to most of the lines that together make up this great railway and its immediate allies and feeders, and we trust we have given you a not unfavorable opinion of its capabilities, usefulness, nay, indis- pensability, in its sphere, as one of the great roads that does its full share in conduct- ing the vast transportation interests of this Western Continent. After digesting the foregoing pages, brimful of facts as they are, and fully grasping the mileage of the road, the country that it covers, and the vastness of its resources, we feel sure that you will join with its older friends in desiring its future prosperity, and assisting in carrying that desire into fruition by lending to it your aid, comfort, and patronage. You can confidently recommend it for the following reasons : 1st. Its great extent — its own lines covering important parts of five great States and one Territory, and its immediate connections covering an equally large area. It can carry you or your stores to a larger number of points than any other road in the country, and can serve you better on the journey than can other lines where you have to be subjected to changes of cars, changes of train men, and changes of local man- agement, as is the case when passing over many short lines or circuitous routes. 2nd. Its well-known and everywhere-acknowledged excellence as regards its superb track, its safety in road bed, bridsjps, and everything that goes together to make up a perfect road ; its steel rails, full complement of ties to the mile, rock and gravel ballast, the constant vigilance of its employees, the courtesy and kindli- ness of its train enijiloyees— all tend to make it deserve and retain its good name. Pass along its main lines day or night, and especially at night, in fogs and storms, and you will see, of its army of 15,000 employees, ever-present sentinels watchful for vour safety, and for the safety, comfort and well-being of all its patrons. On no Toad in the world is the axiom. Eternal vigilance is the price of safety, more fully believed in and acted upon than on this. 3rd. In the excellence of its steel track, perfect equipment, and thoroughly educated train force, positive assurance is given of great speed, coupled with great safety, com- fort, and certainty of arriving on time at destination. So great has been the certainty of trains being on time, that along its lines it has become a common saying, that you can set your watch by tlieir prompt arrival and departure at given points as per the time tables. To the business man, or to him who has to make certain connections at junc- tion points, the promptness of moving trains is of great importance, and on no road is tliis point kept more in view. The standing orders are, first, absolute safety, and second, making schedule time. 4th. Its equipment is always kept abreast with the improvements and inventions of the day. For comfort its day coaches are unexcelled anywhere, and but seldom equaled. Its palace drawing room sleeping cars are the best in every sense that can be procured for money, and are as well served as years of experience have dictated The Chicago & North- Western Railway. lit the means or way. Between Chicago and several of its terminal stations, it is the only road that runs the celebrated Pullman palace drawing room sleeping cars, in which women and children can have a room to themselves, and be as isolated as in their homes. This is the case on its lines between Chicago and Council Bluffs, Chicago and St. Paul, Chicago and Milwaukee, Chicago and Freeport, Chicago and Dubuque and McGregor, Chicago and Madison, Sparta and Winona, and Chicago and Green Bay and Marquette. No matter what inferior and competing lines may adver- tise, by statements expressly prepared to deceive, yet this fact stands unquestioned,, none of them control or run them on their lines. 5th. Miller's Pa- tent Safety Plat- form, Coupler and Buffer, are consider- ed to be indispensa- ble to the safety of the trains on this line. The Platform is an invention which stiffens the platforms of passenger cars so that they cannot be doubled up, and forms a safe path from one car to an- other. The Coupler admits of cars being firmly and quickly joined together with- out the aid of pins or links or any of the old appliances which required a man to place himself in a dangerous position whenever a coupling was to be made. The Buffer is a con- trivance which soft- ens the shock when cars are joined to- gether and holds them firmly joined, BO that the engineer cannot "get the slack" or "jerk" the train as he can with the old style of coupling. On trains fitted with these ap- pliances " telescop- ing" is impossible. The Westinghouse Air Brake with which this road is equip- ped, is an invention by which all the brakes on the train may be set and loosened in an instant by the hand of the engineer. A small air pump on the engine keeps constantly filled with compressed air a cylinder (also on the engine), from which cylinder run flexible tubes connecting with a smaller cylinder under each car, in which a piston is fitted which connects directly with the brakes. With the aid of this invention the engineer can stop a train so suddenly that collisions are almost impossible. On this road heavy safety chains are placed in pairs between the cars, and between the body and trucks of each car; the former to keep the train together in case anything should happen to the coupler; thelatter to prevent 118 The North axd West Illustkatep. the car from leaving the trucks in case the latter are off the track. The "Angle Bar Joint" adopted by this road is the latest and best known invention for joining together the ends of the rails, so that that they may be passed over as smoothly as any other part of the rail. It is a very expensive joint, but it is the best, and this road spares no expense that is necessary to procure the best of everything. Many other appliances looking towards the safety of its trains or the comfort of its patrons, are in daily use on the various lines of 'this road. 6th. The almost ubiquity of its agents — general, local, or traveling — makes it extremely easy to get any information about its trains, its running time, the places it reaches, etc., etc. This is of no little importance to the traveler in a strange country, or to the one expecting to travel into an un- familiar locality. Ask almost any of the many thousands of railway ticket agents in the land for tickets via this road, and he will supply you, and give you valuable information. Ask for its advertising maps, time cards, pamphlets or books and you can get, freely and without cost, stores of facts that may be of great value to you. To those persons who are anticipating a trip overland from the Atlantic or the interior to the Pa, cific, or vice versa, and to those expect- ing to pass between Chicago and St. Paul, in either di- rection, we would especially com- mend the routes owned by this Com- pany. With the shortest lines, the best equipment, the most perfect track of steel rails, and the beauty of the country they pass through as com- pared with that of any other route, it is acknowledged that this stands head and shoulders above them all. On the map attached to this little book will be found full and elaborate time cards of most of the lines controlled by this corporation. The "time" there given is correct at the printing of these pages, but is liable to be changed at any time, and is now given only to show the present time that is made between the points named. Correct time cards are issued monthly or oftener. The Chicago & Noeth-Western" Railway. 119 BATES OF FARE BY THIS LINE. The rates of fare charged by or over this line for the transportation of passengers are and always will be as low as those given by any other line to the same points. On first class, second class, or emigrant tickets, this is true, as well as with prices charged for any cars that may be chartered for the transportation of passengers. Between loc;il stations of this line, as a rule, the following rates are charged per mile traveled : In Illinois, 3^ cents ; in Iowa, 3 cents ; in Wisconsin, 4 cents ; in Minnesota and Dakota, 4 cents ; and on the line of the northern peninsula of Michigan, 4 cents. To the more prominent through points, the present (April 1st, 1878 ) rates from Chicago are as follows : From CHICAGO to Ackley, Iowa Albany, Oregon Albert Lea, Minn Austin, Nev Austin, Minn Battle Mountain, Nev, Black Hawk, Col Blair, Neb Boise City, Idaho Carson, Nev Central City, Col Cedar Rapids, Iowa Cheyenne, Wyo Colfax, Cal Colorado Springs, Col. Corinne, Utah Council Blui's, Iowa . Deadwood, Dakota Denver, Col Detroit, Minn DesMoines, Iowa Duluth, Minn Dubuque, Iowa Elko, Nev Elk Point, Dakota . . . , Evans, Col Fort Dodge, Iowa Fort Garry, Manitoba. Fremont, Neb Galena, 111 Golden City, Col Grand Island, Neb. . Greeley, Col Helena, Montana. . . Hancock, Mich Houghton, Mich Idaho Springs, Col . . . Ispeming, Mich . Kearney Junction, Neb Kelton, Utah La Crosse, Wis L'Anse, Mich Lincoln, Neb McGregor, Iowa Madison, Wis First Second Emi- Class. Class. grant. $10.40 $ 8 75 $.. . 145 00 117 00 71 50 13 00 11 25 127 50 104 50 72 00 12 85 10 20 111.00 88 00 55.50 53 75 45 75 .35.75 15 60 13.30 135.50 121.50 90.50 117 00 91 00 58.50 54.00 46.00 36.00 7 40 7.00 47.00 37.00 115.00 88.00 55.50 50 90 43.00 33 00 95.25 74.75 54.75 15.50 12 50 49.25 , 28.00 50 90 43.00 33 00 26 50 22 25 11 20 10 75 21.50 17 25 7.25 5 75 110. 35 88 00 55 50 17.50 14 25 55.60 46 20 12 20 11.50 40 75 26 00 16.80 14.50 6 30 5 25 50.90 43 00 33 00 23 70 20 70 56 00 46 60 33 00 121 00 103 00 58.00 18.10 14 55 18 10 14.55 54 00 46 00 36 00 14 65 11 10 25 80 22 80 101.00 80 50 55.50 10.25 8.50 16.60 13.05 18.75 15.75 8 75 7.50 4.90 4 40 .... From CHICAGO to Milwaukee, Wis. . Mankato, Minn.. .. Marquette, Mich. . Marysville, Cal . . . Mason City, Iowa. . Menasha, Wis. . . Mineral Point, Wis Minneapolis, Minn. Moorhead, Minn . . Negaunee, Mich New London, Wis.. New Ulm, Minn. . . North Platte, Neb . Ogden, Utah Omaha, Neb ... Owatonna, Minn . . Palisade, Nev Portl'd,Or.,via SanFr. " via Redding Prairie du Chien, Wis. Pueblo, Col Reno, Nev Ripon, Wis Sacramento, Cal San Francisco, Cal. . Salem, Oregon Salt Lake City, Utah. Sioux City, Iowa . . Sheboygan, Wis Sparta, Wis St. Cloud. Minn. .. Stevens' Point, Wis. Stockton, Cal ... . San Jose, Cal St. Paul, Minn St. Peter, Minn Truckee, Cal Umatilla, Ore Virginia City, Mont. Virginia City, Nev . . Walla Walla, W. T. . . Waterloo, Iowa Winona, Minn Wiener, Neb Yankton, Dak First Second Class. Class. $ 3 00 $ 2 50 16 30 12 20 15.10 11 55 116 00 88 00 11 95 10 95 6 75 6 25 6 55 6 05 15 50 11 25 27 50 21 40 14 55 11 00 7 70 7 20 17 70 13 60 30 55 27.55 93 50 73 00 16 00 13 00 14 .50 10 40 111 00 88 00 141 00 113 00 159 00 131 00 8.75 7 50 50 90 43 00 114.00 88 00 5 85 5 35 116 00 88 00 116.00 m 00 144 00 116 00 95 50 75 CO 16 25 13.00 5 00 4 50 9 20 8 50 18.80 14 55 9 25 8 75 116 00 88 00 116.00 88 00 15 25 11.00 16 50 12 40 115 00 88 00 141 00 126.50 121.00 103.00 117 50 91 50 141.00 126 .50 9 20 7.75 11 35 9 50 19.35 17 05 19.90 16 65 Emi- grant. 55.50 53 00 55 50 67.50 98 50 33. 00 55.50 55.50 55 50 70.50 55.00 55.50 65.50 55.50 90.50 58 00 59 00 90.50 To points on the Union Pacific Railway and Burlington & Missouri River Rail- way in Nebraska, Round Trip Land Explorers' Tickets are sold from Chicago at two (2) cents per mile each way, or two and a half (3^) cents westward only. SYNOPSIS OF GAME LAWS. In Effect August, 1877. The following table gives the time when it is lawful to shoot game or to take fish in the States this line of road runs through or is tributary to : COLORADO. Quail, or Virginia Partridge October let to November 15th. Prairie Chickens October let to November 15th. Wild Turkeys and Mountain Grouse October 1st to November 15th. 'Goose, Duck, Curlew, Snipe and Plover May 15th to August 15th. Elk, Deer, Antelope and Mountain Sheep September let to January let 120 Thb North and West Ili>ustrated : SYNOPSIS OF GAME LAWS-conlinued. MICHIGAN. Kk, Bnck, Doe or Fawn Aupngt Ist to DecembeE 15th. Wild Turkeys . October Ist to December 3l8t. Woodcock July 5th to December 3l8t. Prairie Chickens, Ruffled Groase, Pinnated Grouse, Partridge, Pheasant, Wood, Teal and Mallard Ducks, or any Water Fowl September let to December 3l8t> Quail, or Virjjinia Partridge October 1st to December 3l8t. Pigeons, not within five miles of nesting grounds At any time Speckled Trout May Ist to September Ist. Qrsyline; June Ist to November 1st. In Diamond and Stone lakes, fish may be taken only from May 1st to November Ist. CALIFORNIA. Partridge, Quails, Gronsc and Ducks September 15th to March 15th. Do do. in San Bernardino and Los Angeles counties, April 1st to August Ist. Elk, Deer and Antelope September 1st to January Ist. Do. do in Eldorado, Placer, Sierra and Siskiyou counties, August Ist to February Ist. Several other counticB have special game laws. IOWA, Grouse, or Prairie Chickens September 15th to December let. Woodcock July 10th to .fanuary Ist, KiitlU-(l (irouse. Wild Turkey, Pheasant, or Quail October 1st to January Ist. Wild Duck, Goose, or Brant August 15th to May 1st Bear, Elk. or Fawn September Ist to January 1st Beaver. Mink, Otter, or Muskrat November Ist to April let. None of the above can be trapped or caught at any time. The law prohibits ciitching or killing any fish, of whatever kind, in the waters of this State, except private waters, between March 1ft and June 15th, Brook Trout excepted. The closed season for Brook Trout and Salmon is November 1st to February 1st. The penalty is $10 for each fish found ii> possession. No person can use any seine, net. trotline, ont-line, or spear, or fish-dam, to catch fish The penalty is $25 for a violation of the law (Law of March, 1878 ) OREGON Deer. Elk, Moose July Ist to January 31st. Wild Sw.ui, and all kinds of Ducks July 3l8t to March 3l8t. Grouse, Pheasant and Sage Hen June 15th to March 3l8t. Quail, or Partridge ,. -. ,. .July 3l8t to March 3l8t. ILLINOIS. Deer. Wild Turkey, Prairie Chickens, Ruffled Grouse, Partridge, or Pheasant .September 1st to January 15th. Quail November 1st to February Ist. Woodcock . September Ist to January 1510. Wild Duck, Goose, Wilson Snipe, Brant, and other Water Fowl . . .August 15th to May Ist. NEVADA, Grouse, Sage Chickens, Prairie Chickens, Partridge, Pheasant, Wood cock, Wild Goose, Teal or other Ducks, Brant, Swan, Sand Hill Crane, Plover. Snipe, Curlew and Bittern September 1st to April let. Deer, Antelope, Elk, Mountain Sheep and Mountain Goat July Ist to January Ist. NEBRASKA. Buffalo, Elk, Mountain Sheep. Deer and Antelope . .October Ist to January 1st. Grouse, Wild Turkey and Quail At no time. MINNESOTA. Woodcock July 3rd to October Slst. Prairie Chickens and Grouse August 14th to October 3l8t. Quail, or Partridge September Ist to October 31et. Kufflod Grouse or Pheasant September 1st to November 30th. Deer and KIk November 1st to December 15th. Speckled Trout April Ist to September 30lh. WISCONSIN. Woodcock Joly 4th to November 15th. Pr.iirie Chickens, or Grouae August 15th to November 15th. (>uriil, Ruffled Grouse and Pheasant Sepiember 15lh to January ist. Ducks September 1st to February 1st. j)(.or SeptembtT 15th to December 15th. In Eau Claire, Chippewa, Dunn, Pepin, Buffalo and Trempealeau counties, Prairie Chickens and Part ridges may be killed from August 10th to November 15th. DAKOTA. The Game law says, that it shall be unlawful for any person, except on his own premises, and for hifr own use, and not for sale, trade or trafflc. to kill, ensnare, or trap, or in any way or manner de.stro) or pursue with such intent, any Quail, Prairie Chicken, or Grouse, between the let day of March and the l8t day of August, in each and «very year. THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY Chicago and all points in Illinois, Wisconsin, Northern Michigan, Minnesota Iou,a IV^hr^.j.^ Caltforma, Oregon, China, Japan, Australia, and the Western Territo^e^ ^ehraska, San Francisco, Denver, Mlnneanolls Winnna t^v. . »«»»!.«/» ic». Sacramento Smaha. Cedar fiaplds St Pan?" Ishpeming. Stevens' Point. ?^,^'t°V .... Council Bluffs Dubuquef ' Duluth ' Eefanaha' ?;"K°«"- Salt Lake City. Yankton. La Crosse, MarnupftP nS^oS^"' Madison, Cheyenne. Sioux City. PrairieYu Chlen. lSc!" ' Me'nasha^' ^'^T^^^' Are all on the line of this great road, or are reached by this direct route, and its Immediate connections On th, arrival of train, from the Ea.l or South, the train, of the Chicago 4 North-Western Railway leave CHICAGO as follow, ■ Blullii, Omaha, Denver and C.lifnrnia T„„ .1, u ... i. . p.,, n. ,!..,„. . i. ir . .r . , . . For Dubuque, via Freeport. Two train, flatly, with Pulln.an Palace Sleep- lug i^ars on nijEhi traiDs. • ''°P.u"*'T* T^ h^ ^""'*' r'» Clinton. Two train, dally, with Pullman Palace Sleeping Car. on night train to McGregor, Iowa. ForSlouxClty ami Yankton. Two train, dally. Pullman Palao. Sleeolni CarsloMisiourl Valley Junction. unman raiao. Bleeping Fur Lake Geneva. Four trains dally. >r Council Bluff. Omaha, Denver and California, Two through train daily Pullman Hotel and Sleeping Car, through to Council bS Pal'ac:Ca'r,\"tUld":n^''b''■''""' f"""-- Ca^rl'auaci;^,,!"'''"'"^"'*'''''- Two train, dally, with Pullman Pal.ace Iwo'tmlnf^Punm' 'r'""^^ Tl"' daily except Sunday. On Sunday. Lwo rain,. Pullman Car. on night train.. P.arlor Car, on day train, 5i«Vin''g°^arfto'"vi'-;iU".i'od" Nrui.;;:'" *"'"' '""'■ ■-"'""- '•■^'- 'L!^:::^:';;v_j c - 0< = c fs ^- C « h-P — Jig Eco < £3 g " ft K X E - c i7:^"-< r &.C -; o t3 £ EL5' ^B 3 c— --"^ p ■ (6 ft p C - ^«= « S cr CB cr -/J S ft 2 £ SS-^^ ft ^. I—'' o ^1 O ■|ll-\\ <>tlTII r liny otlit Iiittrlnr ot'I-iilliiniii IloUl Tnr. Thr « lil.nir.i Kiillnay In tin- only ruiiil (hnt riinH I'nllmnn <•■ ••■■.> •■.. iorni of Hotel, I>lnlne or IteRtnurnnt « iir TIIKOI'GII lictwpon Chlcnco iind tlif Mlwuoiirl Klvi-r. -^ c-^o p ft — - to — • 3 „ ft ^ s: ^ ft i72 p .. ►-• ^ p ft ^- ft C BEZJiLFi irr lyiinrD i No other Road runs Pullman Hotel Cars, Pullman Dining Cars, or any other form of Hotel, Dining or Restaurant Cars THROUGH between Chicago and the Missouri River. On no other road can you get all the meals you require between Chicago and Omaha without leaving the cur you start in. This is the only line that has THROUGH eating cars of any .sort. The charges for berths in these elegant moving Hotels are the same as in any other Pullman Sleejiiug Car. For meals you are charged only for what you order, and their charges are very reasonable. MARVIN HUCHITT, W. A. THRALL, W. H. STENNETT, Oon'l Ticket Aeent, Chicago. General Man.is;er, Chicsgo. Oen'l Pass. Agent, Ctiicago. Rand, McNally & Co., Printers, 77 and 79 Madison St , Chicago. c'^ < o 7 * ^ ^ ^' , . '^<^ ..^■ ■^-^ sY > \'^''' "> .".:. .HO, ^<^ ■'•-^^•' ..■i^'X '->#«&-.•■ ^N'^^-^, v^s?',." /^"^ °-y^V \^ • • • » ^-\ ..•1 ^x. V' . i.^ , O N O ^