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 ^be American :ffiapti6t 1bome /llbission Society, 
 
 Constable J3uili>ing, 
 
 til ififtb Hvenue, corner I8tb Street, 
 
 IRew lorft Cits. 
 
 1^ 
 
THE AMERICAN ris^ 
 
 Baptist Home Mission Society. 
 
 WORK FOR THE COLORED PEOPLE. 
 
 Work begun, January, 1862. 
 
 Schools, 29; Higher Institutions, 14; 
 Secondary, 15. 
 
 Teachers, 1894-5, 232; of whom one-third 
 were colored. 
 
 Annual enrollment of pupils since 1890, 
 about 5,000. 
 
 One exclusively theological school at 
 Richmond, Va. Two schools exclusively 
 for young women, at Atlanta and Richmond. 
 Three missionary training schools. One 
 nurse training school. Two high grade 
 normal schools. One medical and one law 
 school, at Raleigh, N. C. Industrial educa- 
 tion in several schools. 
 
 Expenditures for 1894-5 : Kducaiion, 
 
 $134,554; missions, $i4,497- 
 
 Total expenditures since 1862, $3,003,000. 
 
 Value of school property acquired by the 
 Society, $750,000. Total value of school 
 proi)erty, including schools incorporated, 
 $900,000. 
 
 Endowment fund for education held by 
 the Society, $180,000. 
 
 Endowment funds needed, $2,000,000. 
 
 Colored Baptists in the United States in 
 1865, estimated, 400,000; in 1895, reported, 
 1,600,000. Churches, 13,000. 
 
 2 
 
 i?-//^'i<^2 
 
J 
 
 I 
 
 i^ MAN OR BABOON? 
 
 <=-} By T. J. Morgan, LL.D. 
 
 Two Views of the Negro. 
 
 A Kotnan Catholic View of the Negro. 
 
 Tke Globe, a '^ Quarterly Review of Liter- 
 ature, Society, Religion, Art and Politics," 
 published in New York City, is edited by Wil- 
 liam Henry Thorne. He thus states his reli- 
 gious belief: "The Roman Catholic Church 
 with all my heart and soul I believe and know 
 to be the only true and entire church of the 
 Lord Jesus Christ.'' In the number for July, 
 1895, there is published an article entitled, 
 "The Negro in Fact and Fiction," contributed 
 by Eugene L. Didier, of Baltimore. The 
 article is well worthy of study as presenting 
 the extreme view of those who look upon the 
 negro as scarcely entitled to be recognized as a 
 part of the human race. Such articles as this 
 serve to bring into bold relief the contrasted 
 view of the negro, which regards him as a man 
 and a brother — "God's image carved in ebony." 
 How far the view of Mr. Didier and his sponsor. 
 Editor Thorne, reflect the views of Roman 
 Catholics, who are making strenuous efforts to 
 proselyte the negroes, it may be difficult to 
 say ; but it is not difficult to see what the 
 future of the negro will be should he come 
 under the influence of those who think ot 
 him as Mr. Didier does ? Hear him : 
 
 3 
 
What Mr. Didier says: 
 
 •' When Abraham Lincoln, by a stroke of 
 his pen, emancipated four million Southern 
 slaves, he committed the most gigantic robbery 
 of private property that has ever taken place 
 since the world began. For this monstrous 
 crime he was punished by a swift, sudden and 
 awful death ; and the members of his cabinet 
 who were most active in demanding the aboli- 
 tion of slavery — the implacable Stanton and the 
 fanatical Chase — were swept away in the cour-e 
 of a few years by untimely deaths. The cry to 
 heaven of the impoverished widow and orphan 
 was heard. * * * Slavery was a blessing to 
 the slaves. * * * The abolition of slavery 
 not only robbed the Southern people of their 
 lawful property, but was the direct cause of a 
 train of immeasurable evils, the beginnmg only 
 of which we live to witness, but whose fatal 
 consequences will continue as long as the 
 American repubhc exists among the nations of 
 the worFd. * * * The mad Quixotes who 
 first robbed the Southern people of their slave 
 property, and then made the freedmen the 
 political equals of their late masters, were 
 traitors to their race and unworthy of the 
 grand old Anglo-Saxon name. * * * The 
 negro in fact is a natural born and habitual 
 liar ; he lies without cause ; he lies without 
 reason; he lies directly; he lies indirectly; 
 he lies unceasingly ; he lies unnecessarily ; 
 he lies always ; he lies at all times and 
 under all circumstances ; he lies when he 
 knows he will be found out the next min- 
 ute. Lying is as natural to the negro as 
 stealing, and in both he is an accomplished 
 adept. * * * The negro, in fact, is shift- 
 less, shameless, brutal, deceitful, dishonest, 
 untruthful, revengeful, ungrateful, immoral. 
 * * * Left to himself, the negro is an in- 
 evitable enemy of progress. Left to himself, 
 he IS a savage everywhere. He is worse than 
 
 
a savage in name and in fact, as in Africa ; a 
 savage in fact, as in Hayti ; a savage in name 
 and in fact, as m some portions of the South ; 
 a savage in fact in the North * * * As a 
 race they have proved themselves incapable of 
 intellectual culture. Their dull African brains 
 are incapable of receiving the education which 
 makes the white race the dominant race of the 
 world. The brand of inferiority placed upon 
 the black man by the eternal God four thou- 
 sand years ago has been indelible, irremova- 
 ble, everlasting. It was placed there to stay 
 and has stayed. It was placed there by God, 
 and God has kept it there. * * * It is not 
 his black skin alone that distinguishes the 
 negro from the white man as it is his black 
 nature. The negro does not improve his con- 
 dition because he has no respect for himself, 
 without which progress is impossible. There- 
 fore he has remained unchanged by circum- 
 stances, upon the lowest plane of humanity 
 since the dawn of history. The black race is 
 the only race living among civilized men which 
 is not affected by the commission of crime. A 
 black man may He, steal, get drunk, and be 
 habitually guilty of other low vices, yet he does 
 not lose caste among the people of his race as 
 the white man would under similar circum- 
 stances. * * * The negro has been here 
 for nearly three hundred years, but he is 
 still an alien, and will be to the end. Why ? 
 Because he can never assimilate with the white 
 race. * * * All the blood and treasure that 
 has been expended to set the negro free, and 
 put him upon an equality with the white man, 
 has been thrown away. The negro is now and 
 always will be the servant of the white man. 
 The relation of master and servant is the only 
 relation that can exist between the white and 
 black races. They have been from the begin- 
 ning master and servant, so they will be to the 
 end. No change in the Constitution can 
 
change the immutable laws of God. * * • 
 This is the white man's country. This Gov- 
 ernment was formed by white men for white 
 men. White men have made this country 
 what it is among the nations of the earth, and 
 the black man shall not destroy the noble insti- 
 tutions of this magnificent republic, and de- 
 grade this land to the condition of Hayti and 
 every other country where they have had domi- 
 nation. * * * Our ancestors fought at Eutaw, 
 at Cowpens, at Yorktown, and we will not accept 
 as our equals men whose ancestors ate their 
 prisoners of war. We are the sons of Anglo- 
 Saxon forefathers, and we will never receive as 
 brothers the sons of Ethiopian cannibals and 
 devil-worshipers. * * * The negro bears upon 
 his face the everlasting curse of God. 1^ In 
 intellect, he is only one degree above the 
 baboon ; in mstinct, he is below the brute." 
 
 What Editor Thorne says : 
 
 Mr. William H. Thorne, the Editor of the 
 Globe, makes editorial comment upon Mr. 
 Didier's article, in the course of which he gives 
 utterance to these somewhat startling state- 
 ments : '*The South must either re-enslave 
 the negro, or export him, drive him out of the 
 land, or kill him. * * * The freeing and so- 
 called educating of the negro have been a 
 curse to the negro himself ; have unfitted him 
 or the woik that he could do under certain 
 circumstances, and never have and never can 
 fit him for the work that education is supposed 
 to fit men to do. * * * The negro — above 
 all the Southern negro— will not work except 
 under the lash. For the last twenty years he 
 has been a loafer, a thief, and an immoral 
 fungus upon the fair life of our Southern lands. 
 * * * No law of honor or of obligation can 
 enter his skull, and I emphasize the fact, that 
 the negro is an unmitigated curse to the 
 South." 
 
WHAT BAPTISTS BELIEVE. 
 
 In striking contrast with the above is the view 
 generally taken of the Negro by the Baptists. 
 Ahhough the Southern Baptists separated from 
 their Northern brethren in 1845 on the ques 
 tion of slavery, there is now apparently a very 
 general consensus of opinion, North and South, 
 regarding- the manhood of the Negro. Proba- 
 bly very few intelligent Baptists anywhere 
 North or South can be found who will not 
 readily assent to the following propositions : 
 
 1. There can be no such thing as private 
 property in human beings. The human race 
 is one, and every individual of it is made in the 
 likeness of God and bears His image. The 
 brotherhood of man, based upon the Father- 
 hood of God, is absolutely inconsistent with 
 the idea of Negro chattelhood. No human con- 
 stitution can nuUify the Divine law. 
 
 2. Negro emancipation was not robbery of the 
 white man, but was a restoration to the Negro 
 of that which was his own : the right to life, 
 liberty and the pursuit of happiness. What- 
 ever claims the white man had to service from 
 the Negroes, had been amply compensated by 
 two and a half centuries of unrequited toil. 
 
 3. Abraham Lincoln, as the President of the 
 United States and the Commander-in-Chief of 
 its armies, engaged in the struggle for the 
 preservation of the Nation's life, exercising the 
 war power inherent in his position, was amply 
 justified in issuing the Emancipation Procla- 
 mation, and his act has been recognized by the 
 
 7 
 
civilized world as an act of philanthropy and 
 of statesmanship, a boon alike to the white 
 masters and the liberated captives. 
 
 4. The Emancipation Proclamation was the 
 beginning of a new era of prosperity in the 
 South ; the initial point of a revolution, 
 economical, political, social ; whose good re- 
 sults will be increasingly apparent as the centu- 
 ries roll on. 
 
 5. The Negro is a human being, endowed 
 with all of the essential attributes of mankind. 
 Whatever shortcomings he has — intellectual, 
 industrial, or moral — are due to circumstances 
 which he could not control, and not to inherent 
 essential defects of nature. 
 
 6. The progress of the Negroes during the 
 thirty years which have elapsed since the close 
 of the war, industrially, intellectually, and 
 morally, have been, considering all the circum- 
 stances of the case, very remarkable, and fur- 
 nishes the basis of hope for a steady progress 
 upward along all the lines of human improve- 
 ment. 
 
 7. The eight million Negroes now in this 
 country, descendants of those who were brought 
 here by force, are native-born American citi- 
 zens, entitled by the Constitution to all the 
 rights and privileges of citizenship, and are 
 destined to remain here as an integral and in- 
 destructible part of our national life. The 
 genius of our Republican institutions knows no 
 distinction of race or color. Any effort to rob 
 the Negroes, as a race, of their birthright is a 
 blow at the foundations of the Republic, and 
 
 8 
 
can only succeed by establishing upon the ruins 
 of freedom an oligarchy or a monarchy. 
 
 8. The Negro can be educated ; he is recep- 
 tive, imitative, ambitious, and has already 
 proven beyond any possibility of doubt that 
 he can become, under proper training, indus- 
 trious, skillful, intelligent, moral, and religious. 
 The history of Negro education in this country 
 is conclusive on these points. 
 
 9. The position and influence upon our 
 national life of this large and rapidly increasing 
 factor in cur population will depend very 
 largely upon the kind of education they re- 
 ceive. If they are neglected or hindered by 
 others so that their children grow up in 
 ignorance and vice, they will become not 
 only an increasing menace to the peace and 
 prosperity of the communities where they are 
 most numerous, but they will threaten the 
 destruction of Republican institutions. The only 
 safety for the State and the Nation is in their 
 education, as a preparation for the discharge of 
 the duties and the enjoyment of the privileges 
 which belong to them as American citizens. 
 
 10. All of them should have an equal chance 
 with the white man in the various occupations 
 by which they can earn a livelihood and accu- 
 mulate wealth. All of them should have a 
 good common school education, so as to 
 awaken and quicken their natural talents and 
 put within their power the means of self- 
 improvement. There should be provided for 
 them Industrial schools, not so much to teach 
 them to work as to give them that general in- 
 
 9 > 
 
 \, 
 
telligence and that special acquaintance with 
 machinery and with modern methods of pro- 
 ductive labor which will enable them to meet 
 the new conditions of industrial life. Normal 
 schools of a high grade should prepare multi- 
 tudes of them for the important work of teach- 
 ing. Those among them who have the aspira- 
 tions and talents should have access to colleges 
 and professional schools, where they may 
 fit themselves by similar courses of study for 
 the performance of similar duties among their 
 own people as pastors, lawyers, physicians, 
 editors, etc., as are performed by like classes 
 among white people. 
 
 We invite the earnest, careful attention of 
 the Negroes of America to the above striking 
 contrast between the two views taken of their 
 race by a representative Roman Catholic and 
 their friends the Baptists. Which do you pre- 
 fer? Which is true? Man or Baboon ? 
 
 "What J. B. Gambrell, D.D., says: 
 
 *'As to your schools, I believe they are doing 
 a work of unspeakable importance. They are 
 creating a force of workers from whom we may 
 reasonably hope much in the future. They are 
 something to which we can tie the race and 
 pull up stream. You cannot say a word about 
 their importance which I will not endorse, and 
 I represent the South in the matter, especially 
 the older men of the South.'' 
 
 "WTiat Dr. H. L<. Wayland says : 
 
 *' We talk about the negro problem. Its solu- 
 tion is not far to seek. It lies, first of all, in 
 justice. Give the colored man what he earns. 
 Give him every right. Let the courts enforce 
 
his rights. Let him stand before the law as 
 anyone else does. If he is guilty of a crime 
 against property or life or chastity, let him be 
 punished with justice, with severity, with rigor; 
 but visit the white man's crime with the same 
 penalty. Deal with him in the spirit of Christ's 
 Gospel, which bids us help the weak and bear 
 their burdens. Educate them industrially, 
 mentally, socially, morally, for the field, for 
 the workshop, for the home, for the church. 
 All this is a duty which we owe to the colored 
 as to our brothers ; which we owe to them for 
 the centuries of injustice which they have 
 suffered ; which we owe to them as the citizens 
 of the country. If we are wise, we shall 
 educate them rather than leave them in ignor- 
 ance and dependence; if we are wise, we shall 
 educate them rather than leave them for the 
 Pope to educate and to own ; if we are wise, 
 we shall educate them that they may not be 
 the prey and the tool of infamous and un- 
 scrupulous politicians." 
 
 What R. S. 3IacArtliur, D.D., says: 
 
 " In Apostle Paul s magnificent sermon on 
 Mars Hill, he teaches us that God made of one 
 blood all nations of men. Biblical scholarship, 
 it is safe to affirm, will never again deny the 
 humanity of the negro, and never again strive 
 to place him outside the human family. * * * 
 It is a fact comparatively little known that 
 Romanism is responsible for African slavery. 
 This fact ought to be proclaimed. * * * Once 
 more Romanism is trying to enslave the negro. 
 It would put on his soul the chains of ignor- 
 ance and superstition ; it would make him ten- 
 fold more the child of superstition, tradition, 
 and hoodooism. Every instinct of patriotism, 
 every command of a pure Christianity, and 
 every Baptist obligation call upon us to save 
 
 , the. negro from the bondage of Romanism." \ 
 
 ■*" •. .^ ■ • '-■ • - 
 
 •' ' ■.:. _ .11 
 
What M. MacVicar, IiL,.D., says: 
 
 " It should be taken for granted that the 
 educational development of the physical, intel- 
 lectual, moral and spiritual nature of the negro 
 is subject to and follows precisely the same laws 
 as in the case of the white man. Hence every 
 rightly directed and successful effort to educate 
 and elevate the negro should be based upon 
 the fact that he acquires exactly in the same 
 way as the white man the right use of language, 
 the power of clear thinking, of exact reasoning, 
 of making broad generalizations, of forming 
 practical judgment, of business tact and sa- 
 gacity, of appreciating moral and spiritual 
 truth, and of applying the knowledge and 
 habits acquired to his daily life.'' 
 
 What H. L.. Morehouse, D.D., says : 
 
 " We have believed in the thorough humanity 
 of the black man, with divine endowment of 
 all the faculties of the white man ; capable of 
 culture, capable of high attainments under 
 proper conditions and with sufficient time ; a 
 being not predestined to be simply a hewer of 
 wood and drawer of water for the white race, 
 foreordained to irrevocable and everlasting 
 inferiority — but a man, whose mind and soul 
 may expand indefinitely to comprehend the 
 great things of God and to take a useful and 
 honorable place in the world's activities." 
 
 
 12 
 
 KALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO., PRINTERS, NEW YORK. 
 
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