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 ADMIRAL GEOEGE DEWEY 
 
 THE HERO OF MANILA. 
 
19th CENTURY 
 
 T 
 
 CALENDARS 
 
 AND 
 
 FACTS 
 
 BY A. P. CONNOLLY 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 101 CALENDARS from 1800 to 1900 
 
 With Historical and Important Events 
 OF Each Year 
 
 CHICAGO 
 
 LAIRD & LEE, Publishers 
 
•ECONO CPP¥. 
 
 ..„ 201899 
 
 42172 
 
 Copyright, 1898. by a P. CONNOLLY. 
 Copyright, 1890. by WILLIAM H. LEE. 
 
 it^aooi^ige KrecgiVfe 
 
 . rf 
 
 
OUR PRESIDENTS. 
 
 True nobility is derived from virtue, not from birth. Title may be purchased, but 
 virtue is the only coin that makes the bargain valid.— Bwrton. 
 
 The long line of illustrious men who have held the exalted position of Presi- 
 dent of the United States has not its counterpart in the world's history. Not 
 "rulers by Divine right" but by the will of the people,— occasionally not by 
 the majority of the popular vote, but, by the majority of the Electoral College, 
 which is a conception of the early Congress, and, while we perhaps think that 
 the majority ought to rule, yet this is not the law, and we are a wonderfully 
 good people to obey the law. The men who have filled these exalted positions 
 came from the people, — some had wealth, 'tis true, others came from the farm 
 and other humble walks of life, but with a desire to serve the people and advance 
 the interests of the Republic. No czars, no emperors, no kings with an entailed 
 succession, with or without brains ; no blue blood, made bluer by running back 
 into barbarism, but good, rich, American blood that thrills the very soul, — inde- 
 pendent, honest. God-fearing men, whose counsels have carried the Republic 
 through the perils of birth at Bunker Hill and Yorktown and Valley Forge until 
 to-day we can dictate terms of peace to the proudest nations on the globe. 
 
 The 19th Century to Americans is most important, for it is our initial cent- 
 ury. We had just seen the light of day in our new condition when 1800 was 
 ushered in. The declaration had gone forth to be free but the experiment was 
 yet to be tried. When the bold, determined men signed the Declaration and the 
 gauntlet was thrown down to the arrogant, proud Briton, it was faith in God and 
 powder, the free men of America and George Washington of Virginia that in- 
 spired our forefathers to wondrous deeds of valor amid great sacrifices and a holy 
 determination to be free. Washington was called by his countrymen to lead the 
 armies of the young republic to victory; and, as they marched and counter- 
 marched and suffered for country, and country alone, the tide of battle rolled 
 back; the sacrifices and the life blood of the fathers and sons hallowed the 
 ground and cleared the skies and peace was declared. The armies disbanded 
 and the modest hero bade farewell to his comrades in arms, retiring to his estate 
 in Virginia to live in quietude for the balance of his life, but the people willed it 
 otherwise, and — 
 
 GEORGE WASHINGTON, the First President, was honored by a two- 
 term service from 1789 to 1797. He was born on February 22, 1732, near Bridges 
 Creek, Va-, and inherited large landed estates from his father. The first 
 
election occurred in January, 1789. Tiie two houses of congress had been organ- 
 ized in New York about April 4, 1789, although March 4th had been the 
 appointed time. The organization of the gOTernment was completed on April 
 30th. The President and Vice-President John Adams, were sworn in by Hod. 
 Robert R. Livingston, chancellor of New York, in the gallery of the old city 
 hall in Wall street. In the first cabinet were Thomas Jefferson, secretary of 
 state; Alexander HamiltoD, secretary of the treasury; Henry Knox, secretary of 
 war; Edmund Randolph, attorney general, and Samuel Osgood, postmaster 
 general. John Jay was the first chief justice. At this time the country had a 
 debt of $80,000,000,— a fabulous sum considering the country's small population 
 and resources. After a re-election of Washington and John Adams for a second 
 term, the cabinet was Timothy Pickering, secretary of state; Oliver Wolcott, 
 secretary of the treasury; James McHenry, secretary of war; and Charles Lee, 
 attorney general. There was no navy at this time. General Washington died at 
 Mount Vernon, Va., December 14, 1799. 
 
 JOHN ADAMS, Second President, was born at Braintree, Mass., on 
 October 30, 1735. In early life he was a school teacher and had ambition to enter 
 the army, but lacked the requisite influence to accomplish what he desired, and 
 then he thought of theology, but finally turned his attention to law and was 
 admitted to the bar. He married Abigail Smith and removed to Boston in 1768. 
 On the organization of the first Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia 
 in 1774, he was one of the five members to represent Massachusetts. In 1777 he 
 was sent as minister to France, where he remained until the mid-summer of 1779, 
 when he returned home to be again called into service, and in October of the 
 same year, went as commissioner to Great Britain. He remained abroad until 
 1788, when he returned home and received the thanks of congress. He was 
 elected President and inaugurated at Philadelphia on March 4, 1797, in the 
 sixty second year of his age. As Vice-President he opened the electoral vote 
 and declared himself President and Thomas Jefferson Vice-President. During his 
 administration the seat of the general government was removed to the District 
 of Columbia, its present location. Virginia and Maryland had ceded ten miles 
 square of land for this purpose. His cabinet remained about as General Wash- 
 ington had left it, with the addition of the navy portfolio, to which Benjamin 
 Stoddard, of Pennsylvania was appointed. General Washington died during this 
 administration. Mr. Pickering failing to be in accord with the President was 
 ''discharged from further service as secretary of state." Mr. Adams died on 
 July 4, 1826 
 
 THOMAS JEFFERSON, the Third President, was born in Shad well. 
 Va., on April 2, 1743. His family was of Welsh ancestry and his education of a 
 classical order. He was graduated from the William and Mary College with 
 honors, and then turned his attention to law and soon built up a large practice. 
 In 1769 he was elected member of the house of burgesses. He entered the arena 
 of politics deliberately, for the benefit of his fellow men and not to enrich him- 
 self, except in contentment, deeming the respect and consideration of his fellows 
 of far greater worth than riches. He married on January 1, 1772, Mrs. Martha 
 Skelton, a childless widow, who, upon the death of her father adHed to her 
 husband's estate 50,000 acres and 135 slaves. On June 20, 1775, he took his seat 
 
in the Continentai Congress in Philadelphia, and on the same day learned and 
 apprised congress of the battle of Bunker Hill. The die was cast and he was 
 appointed on a committee to draft a declaration, which has become an immortal 
 document. He was elected President and Aaron Burr Vice-President by the house 
 of representatives, and for the second term his running mate was Mr. George 
 Clinton, of New York ; James Madison was his secretary of state. During his 
 second administration, Georgia ceded 100,000 square miles of land which now 
 form the states of Alabama and Mississippi; Louisiana was purchased from 
 France; Aaron Burr was tried for treason; the slave trade was abolished and 
 Judge Pickering was impeached. Mr. Jefferson died on July 4, 1826. 
 
 JAMES MADISON, the Fourth President, was born in Virginia. March 
 16, 1757. His father was a large landed proprietor and a leading man of affairs. 
 James was educated at Princeton College where he graduated with high honors. 
 At the outbreak of the revolutionary war he would have joined the army but 
 his health would not permit. He turned his attention to politics and the affairs 
 of the country became of great interest to him. He and Mr. Jefferson met for 
 the first time on October 7, 1776, at the first session of the independent legislative 
 assembly of Virginia, where he was one of the delegates to represent the state in 
 the congress of the confederation. His abilities were recognized, and he was 
 placed on most important committees. He was secretary of state under Jefferson 
 in 1801, and took an active part in the negotiations then pending with foreign 
 nations. He was twice elected President, serving from March 4, 1809, to 1813, 
 with George Clinton of New York, as Vice-President the first term, and Elbridge 
 Gerry of Massachusetts, for the second. In his cabinet were found Robert Smith, 
 of Maryland; William H. Eustis, of Massachusetts; Paul Hamilton, of South 
 Carolina; Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania and Csesar A. Rodney, of Delaware. 
 The most important event of the administration was the declaration of war 
 against England which cost the United States $100,000,000. Mr. Madison died 
 on June 28, 1836, and his wife died on July 12, 1849. 
 
 JAMES MONROE, the Fifth President, was born in West Walden 
 county, Virginia, on April 28, 1758. He was educated at William and Mary 
 College, but left in 1776 to enter the army, was commissioned a lieutenant and 
 promoted to captain, and again as major on the staff of Lord Sterling. He 
 fought at Brandy wine and Germantown, and also took part in the War of the 
 Revolution. He left the army because, having accepted the staff appointment, 
 he lost his lineal rank as captain. After leaving the army he read law and was 
 admitted to the bar ; went to congress in 1783, and in 1790 was chosen as senator. 
 In 1794 was sent as minister plenipotentiary to France, but was recalled, as he 
 was not in accord with the administration. He was elected by the Democrat- 
 Republican party as governor of Virginia in 1799 and served three years. He 
 was elected President, and with Daniel S. Tompkins, of New York, as Vice- 
 President, was inaugurated on March 4, 1817. He and the Vice-President were 
 reelected, inaugurated, and both served for eight years, to 1825. John C. 
 Calhoun and John Quincy Adams were his secretaries of state. The latter was 
 recalled from the Court of St. James to accept the position, and Calhoun became 
 secretary of war. He was the author of the famous Monroe doctrine. In his 
 message he declared : '* As a principle, the American continents, by the free 
 
and independent positions which they have assumed and maintained, are hence 
 forth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European 
 power." At the expiration of his second term as President, in 1825, he retired to 
 his estate at Oak Hill, Va. , and was soon chosen as justice of the peace. His ill- 
 health compelled him to relinquish all political cares and to decline further honors. 
 He was not a thrifty man, for in his old age he was much harrassed by debt. Mr. 
 M 'uroe died at the residence of his son-in-law in New York City on July 4, 1831, 
 but in 1858 his remains were removed to Richmond, Va., amid universal rever- 
 ence and great pomp. 
 
 JOHV QUINCY ADAMS, the Sixth President, was born at Quincy, 
 Mass., ou July 11, 1767. He was a soldier and a diplomat, and was present at the 
 battle of Bunker Hill. At the age of eleven years he accompanied his father to 
 France, and was educated at Paris, Amsterdam and Leipsic. At fourteen he 
 went to Russia as private secretary to the envoy, Francis Dana, but returned to 
 America and entered upon a course at Harvard, and graduated in 1787. He was 
 Siat as minister to The Hague on his twenty-seventh birthday. He was 
 appointed by his father, who had succeeded Washington as President, and upon 
 the advice of Washington, as minister to Russia. He returned to America, how- 
 ever, and was chosen to the Massachusetts senate April 6, 1802, and to the United 
 States senate in 1803. He was very unpopular in the senate, and resigned before 
 his time expired, saying : "He was not the man to remain where he was not 
 wanted." Under President Madison he was sent for the second time as minister 
 to Russia. He was also a commissioner to Ghent to effect a treaty with Eng- 
 land, and, after the treaty had been concluded, he went to Paris and witnessed 
 the return of Napoleon from Elba and the events of the famous " hundred 
 days." He went from Paris to England as minister, where he remained for two 
 years, when he returned to America to assume the duties of secretary of state 
 under James Monroe. He was elected to the Presidency, with John C. Calhoun 
 as Vice Preeident. and was inaugurated on March 4, 1826. The election was 
 thrown into the house of representatives, when Henry Clay, who was subsequently 
 Mr. Adams' secretary of state, was speaker. John McLean, of Ohio, was a 
 member of his cabinet. Mr. Adams died in Washington on February 23, 1848. 
 
 ANDREW JACKSON, the Seventh President, was born in the district 
 on the borders of North and South Carolina, known as the Waxhaw Settlement, 
 on March 15, 1767. In early life he was a teacher, and was given to all sorts of 
 sports. He was an expert duellist, and fought one in 1795, and again in 1805, 
 when he killed his antagonist, Charles Dickenson. He commenced practicing 
 law in Nashville, Tenn., in 1788, was elected to congress in 1796, heard Wash- 
 ington deliver his last message, and in 1797 went to the senate. He was irritable 
 as a senator, for the body was too slow and deliberate for one of his fiery temper. 
 The historian says: *' He was desperately in debt, and sold his estate of 25 000 
 acres to liquidate." He then removed with his negroes to "The Hermitage," and 
 settled, as he supposed, for the balance of his life ; but events changed his 
 purpose. 
 
 The War of 1812 broke out, and he tendered his services and that of 2,000 
 men, which were accepted, and he was ordered to New Orleans, January 7. 1813. 
 He did not arrive there, however, owing to some misunderstanding, and so 
 
marched the troops back, when they were mustered out. It was on this march that 
 he was dubbed " Old Hickory," and the name clung to him for the balance of his 
 life. He participated in some of the Indian wars, and again was ordered to New 
 Orleans to face the " red coats." Upon his arrival he commenced to fortify, 
 with cotton bales and earth, on December 28, 1814. The British fleet of fifty ships, 
 with 1,000 guns and 20,000 veterans, were anchored belowthe city. General Jack- 
 son, with only 2,000 men on the ground and 4,000 somewhere en route, nothing 
 daunted, threw down the gauntlet for John Bull to pick up. On New Year's 
 day of 1815, the British began to bombard his works of earth and cotton, and, 
 after the commanding general thought "Old Hickory" and his recruits were about 
 "ready to cry quits," an assault was ordered, which resulted in a loss of 700 
 killed, 1,400 wounded and 500 prisoners to the British, while Jackson's loss was 
 eight killed and thirteen wounded. The assault occurred just before dawn, but 
 the defeat was most overwhelming. This was the last battle of the war. The 
 treaty of peace had already been signed at Ghent on December 24, 1814, but the 
 news did not reach Washington until February 14, 1815. 
 
 General Jackson was twice elected President, commencing on March 4, 1829, 
 and ending March 4, 1837. John 0. Calhoun was Vice-President the first term, 
 and Martin Van Buren the second. He died at The Hermitage on June 8, 1845. 
 
 MARTIN VAN BUREN, the Eighth President, was born in Kinderhook, 
 N. Y., on December 5, 1782. His father was a farmer in moderate circum- 
 stances but Martin gained an education and prepared himself for the profession 
 of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1803. He was married in 1807, and elected 
 to the state senate in 1812 and remained for eight years, also was attorney 
 general from 1815 to 1819. In 1816 he removed to Albany and formed a law 
 partnership with Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, and became, also, regent 
 of the State University. In 1821 he was elected to the United States senate and 
 became governor of New York, in 1827, resigning from the senate for that pur- 
 pose. President Jackson made him his secretary of state, and in June, 1831, ap- 
 pointed him as Minister to England, but he was not confirmed. He was elec- 
 ted to the presidency with Richard M, Johnson, of Kentucky, as Vice-President 
 and inaugurated on March 4, 1837. His cabinet was composed of John Forsyth, 
 of Georgia; Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire; Joel R. Poinsett, of South 
 Carolina; Mahlon Dickinson of New Jersey, Amos Kendall of Massachusetts and 
 Benj. F. Butler, of New York. 
 
 Mr. Van Buren died at his home "Lindenwald," on July 24, 1862, greatly 
 honored and respected. His wife died in New York City, on December 29, 1878. 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, the Ninth President, was born in 
 Berkeley, Va., February 9, 1773. When Washington became President he was but 
 sixteen years of age. Education was not so easily obtained then as now, and 
 Indian border troubles attracted the attention of young Harrison, so he entered 
 the army. He was commissioned as an ensiga in April, 1791, and assigned to the 
 artillery. His youthful appearance attracted the attention of his superiors, but 
 his determination brought him to the front, and he was advanced and placed up- 
 on the staff of General Anthony Wayne, who complimented him in orders, for 
 his bravery. In 1795 he was a captain of artillery and in 1800 President Adams 
 appointed him governor of the new territory of Indiana, an immense domain, 
 
from which the States of Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan were formed. 
 His powers were autocratic. He was not only commander of the entire militia, 
 but, was Indian and land commissioner, legislator and law giver, and held the 
 pardoning power. It was wonderful authority, but he was a wonderful man, 
 and dealt fearlessly and equitably with all. Tecumseh, the noted Indian Chief, 
 was a disturber of the peace and assembled with one thousand warriors at Tippe- 
 canoe, Indiana, to dispute the authority of Governor Harrison. The gauntlet 
 thrown down by this imperious, proud warrior was accepted by the general, and 
 he advanced upon them, and, when near the town was severely set upon by the 
 savages, who were defeated. The War of 1812 provoked the Indians to a general 
 uprising, and General Harrison was appealed to by Kentucky, whose Governor 
 commissioned him as major general of State troops. The President in the mean- 
 time had made him a brigadier general in the regular army where he did such 
 signal service that his countrymen wishing to still further honor him, his party 
 nominated him for the Presidency. He was elected and with him John Tyler as 
 Vice-President on March 4, 1841, His secretary of state was Daniel Webster; 
 secretary of treasury, Thomas Ewing; secretary of war, John Bell and secre- 
 tary of navy, Geo. Edmund Badger. 
 
 General Harrison died on April 4th of the same year as the result of a cold 
 incurred on the day of his inaugural. 
 
 JOHN TYLER, the Tenth President, was born in Greenway, Va., on 
 March 29, 1790. He was quite a poet, as well as something of a musician, but 
 law was his profession. Among his classmates were James Madison, president 
 of the college, and Thomas Jefferson. He entered the arena of politics and was 
 elected to the Virginia legislature in 1811 and married Letitia Christian on March 
 20, 1813. In the War of 1812 he commanded a company in the defense of Rich- 
 mond against the English. Politically he was opposed to slavery, and, on the 
 "compromise bill" admitting Missouri without restriction, he voted in the nega- 
 tive, much to the surprise of his friends. He was a forceful and ready debater in 
 Congress. He declined a re-election to congress in 1821 on account of ill health, 
 but in 1823 was again elected, and in 1826 was elected governor of his state. 
 He was elected Vice-President on the ticket with General Harrison, and upon 
 the notice of the President's death at once repaired to Washington, taking the 
 oath of office on April 6, 1841. Upon assuming the duties of President there 
 were some changes in the cabinet. Upon a re-adjustment the official family was 
 composed of such men as Walter Forward, of Pennsylvania; John McLean, of 
 Ohio; Charles A. Wickliff, of Kentucky; John C. Spencer, of Virginia; 
 Thomas W. Gilmore, of Virginia, and William Wilkins, of Pennsylvania. 
 Two members of the cabinet were killed by the explosion of a gun on the vessel 
 •• Princeton," and the places were filled by John C. Calhoun and John Y. Mason 
 of Virginia. After leaving the White House Mr. Tyler returned to "Sherwood 
 Forest," where he dwelt for the remainder of his life. He retired from politics 
 (entirely but was often called upon to take part in public gatherings. It was he 
 who suggested the peace conference of the states which met in Washington in 
 February, 1861. He was the president of the conference. He finally went with 
 Virginia and was member-elect to the Confederate house of representatives, but 
 died before he took his seat. His death occurred on January 18, 1862. 
 
JAMES K. POLK, the Eleyenth President, was born in Mecklenburg, 
 North Carolina, on November 2, 1795. He was of Scotch-Irish parentage and 
 his father was a captain in the War of the Revolution. He at one time worked 
 in a country store, but his taste was not in that direction, so he turned his atten- 
 tion to law, and in order to educate his son the father made a great sacrifice; but 
 he was repaid in future years by seeing the son honored by the Nation. Mr. Polk 
 turned to politics and in 1823 was elected to the house of representatives, returned 
 in 1824, and was elected to congress in 1825, and re-elected until 1839, when he 
 became governor of Tennessee. He was a free trader, an advocate for the exten- 
 sion of slavery, and advised the annexation of Texas. He was elected speaker 
 of the house of representatives in 1835, and so remained for four years. In 1839 
 he decided not to become candidate for another congressional terra, but was a 
 candidate for governor — had a vigorous canvass and was elected. In 1841 he 
 was again a candidate for governor, but was defeated by the whigs. He was 
 inaugurated as President and George M. Dallas as Vice-President on March 4, 
 1845. He received 175 votes of the electoral college, as against 105 for Cassius 
 M. Clay. His cabinet was composed of James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania; 
 Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi; William M. Marcy, of New York; Cave John- 
 son, of Tennessee, and John Y. Mason, of Virginia. These were all able men. 
 Mr. Calhoun, as secretary of state in the preceding administration, had signed a 
 treaty of annexation with Texas on April 12, 1844, which was approved by con- 
 gress on March 1, 1845, and the following day signed by Mr. Tyler. 
 
 The Mexican government issued a proclamation denouncing the annexation act 
 and called upon the people to rally in defense of their country, but did not declare 
 war. General Taylor was sent with an army "' to assert the old French claim, — 
 the rights given to Texas by Santa Anna and the new title of the United States." 
 On May 7, 1846, the Mexican troops first opened fire on General Taylor at Palo 
 Alto, and the Mexican war opened, when 50,000 men were called for. 
 
 The campaigns were vigorously prosecuted by Generals Scott and Taylor, 
 the City of Mexico was captured and our troops continued in possession of the 
 country. Finally terms were agreed upon— Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and 
 California were made the property of the United States upon the payment of 
 $15,000,000, The treaty signed in Mexico on February 2, 1848, was sanctioned 
 by congress on March 10, and the Mexican war ended. 
 
 Mr. Polk's political career was a most remarkable one. His administration 
 was filled with momentous questions that called forth his best qualities, and he 
 could have been re-nominated but declined, and upon the close of his term 
 retired to private life, to nurse back his impaired vitality, which had been over 
 taxed by the cares of oflace. He died at Nashville, Tenn., June 15, 1849. 
 
 ZACHARY TAYLOR, tlie Twelfth President, was born in Orange county, 
 Va. , on September 24, 1784. His father was Lieutenant Colonel Taylor of the 
 9th Virginia, which he commanded in the revolutionary war. He was always 
 a soldier, having been born and bred amid the glitter and glamour of the army, 
 and the stern realities of war. In 1808 he was a lieutenant of infantry, and cap- 
 tain in 1810. In 1812 was in command of Fort Harrison on the Wabash, but in 
 1815 he resigned and went to his farm, where he remained but a short time, 
 when he returned to the army, and was made lieutenant colonel and placed in 
 command of Fort Snelling, which at that time was far out on the frontier. In 
 
1832 he was full colonel and participated in the second Black Hawk war, when 
 he secured the surrender of that renowned chief. He took a prominent part in 
 the Seminole war in 1836, and was breveted a brigadier general in 1837; was 
 ordered to Texas July, 1845, to defend her against Mexico, and was made brevet 
 major general May, 1846. He took a prominent part, also, in the Mexican war, 
 at the end of which he was elected President, with Millard Fillmore as Vice- 
 President, and inaugurated on March 4, 1849. He started for Washington on 
 January 24th to enter a political life which was antagonistic to his taste, for he 
 loved the army and the frontier, where the greater part of his life had been spent. 
 The manner of travel was slow, and " Old Rough and Ready" reached Wash- 
 ington on February 23d. As March 4th was on Sunday, he was inducted into 
 office on Monday, March 5th. In his cabinet were John M. Clayton, of Dela- 
 ware; Wm. M. Meredith, of Pennsylvania; George W. Crawford, of Georgia; 
 Wm. B. Preston, of Virginia; Thos. Ewing, of Ohio; Jacob Callaman, of Ver- 
 mont and Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland. On July 4, 1850, President Taylor 
 attended a ceremony at the Washington monument and became overheated, 
 which resulted in his death on the night of July 9, 1850. His oldest daughter, 
 Sarah, became the wife of Jefferson Davis. 
 
 MILLARD FILLMORE, the Thirteenth President, as Vice-President, 
 upon the death of General Taylor, was sworn into office. He was born on a farm 
 at Locke, N. Y., on January 7, 1800,— came from an ancestry of pioneers, and 
 was early placed to learn the business of wool carding, but this did not suit his 
 taste, and, having a fair education, he became a teacher, a surveyor, and finally 
 a lawyer, and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1823, He married Abigail 
 Powers, a clergyman's daughter, in 1826. He was elected as an Anti-Mason to 
 the general assembly in the fall of 1828, and in 1832 to congress, re-elected in 
 1836, and served in the XXVth, XXVIth and XXVHth congress. He was nom- 
 inated by the Whigs for governor, but was defeated by Silas Wright, a Demo- 
 crat. In 1847 was elected state comptroller, but resigned to run for Vice-Presi- 
 dent with General Taylor. He took the oath of office on July 10, 1850, and his 
 cabinet remained as originally constituted, with the exception of secretary of 
 state; Mr, Clayton resigned and Daniel Webster was appointed in his stead. 
 During this administration cheap postage was secured and Japan opened to 
 America and the rest of the world by the Perry expedition. The Republican 
 party was formed, the fugitive slave law passed, and the country was honored by 
 the visit of General Kossuth and family, who were everywhere received with very 
 marked distinction. Mr. Fillmore's wife died in 1853, and in 1855 he visited 
 Europe, where he was received as became one who had so honored the high office 
 of President of this great republic. In 1856 Mr. Fillmore accepted the Presiden- 
 tial nomination the second time from the hands of the American party, but 
 received only the vote of Maryland. He was a model citizen and a wise and 
 Christian statesman. He died at Buffalo, N. Y., on March 7, 1874. 
 
 FRANKLIN PIERCE, the Fourteenth President, was born In Hills- 
 borough, N. H., on November 23, 1804. At the early age of 16 he entered Bow- 
 doin College and graduated in 1824. Law was his chosen profession. He was 
 admitted to the bar in 1827, and was soon elected to the legislature, where he 
 remained for four years, a part of which time he was speaker. He was elected 
 to Congress in 1833, and being considered a rising man, was placed on important 
 
committees. Here he was associated with such eminent men as Clay, Calhoun, 
 Webster and Buchanan. He retired from the senate in 1842, settled in Concord 
 and resumed the practice of law. In 1844 he declined the aenatorship and also 
 the Democratic nomination for governor (an object lesson for the present 
 day.) At the outbreak of the Mexican war he enlisted as a private and was soon 
 made colonel of the 9th regiment, and was made brigadier general in March, 
 1847. His service was a conspicuous one, — he was once wounded, and remained 
 in Mexico until the close of the war. He received the nomination of his party 
 and was elected President, and with William R. King, of Alabama, as Vice-Pres- 
 ident, was inaugurated on March 4, 1853. In his cabinet were William L. Marcy, 
 of New York; James Guthrie, of Kentucky; Robert McClelland, of Michigan; 
 J. C. Dobbin, of North Carolina ; Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi ; James Camp- 
 bell, of Pennsylvania, and Caleb Cushing. Mr. Pierce died at Concord, N. H., 
 on October 8, 1869. 
 
 JAMES BUCHANAN, the Fifteenth President, was born in Mercers- 
 burg, Pa., on April 23, 1791. His parents were Scotch-Irish,— his father having 
 been born in Donegal in 1761. There was a large family of eleven children, and 
 James was the second. The father was well-to-do, and the children were edu- 
 cated. The future President graduated from college, read law and was admitted 
 to the bar. He became a member of the legislature in 1814, was elected to the 
 XVIIth Congress at the age of 29 years, and was sent by President Jackson as 
 minister to Russia in 1831 ; was senator from Pennsylvania in 1834, secretary of 
 state under Mr. Polk in 1845, and was a candidate for the Presidency in 1852. 
 Mr. Pierce was elected, however, and sent his competitor, Mr. Buchanan, as 
 minister to St. James, where he remained until early in 1856. 
 
 Mr. Buchanan was elected President, with John C. Breckenridge, of Ken- 
 tucky, as Vice-President, and inaugurated on March 4, 1857. He being a bach- 
 elor, the White House was presided over by Miss Harriet Lane, his niece, who, 
 upon the election of her uncle to the presidency, became the first lady of the 
 republic. This administration was marked with the most important event in the 
 Nation's history, — a plot by prominent statesmen, senators and cabinet secretaries, 
 to disrupt the Union, the suppressing of which cost four years of civil war, the 
 loss of hundreds of thousands of lives and the expenditure of billions of money. 
 The members of the cabinet were : Lewis Cass, of Michigan, secretary of state; 
 Howell Cobb, of Georgia, secretary of the treasury; John B. Floyd, of Virginia, 
 secretary of war; Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, secretary of navy; Jacob Thomp- 
 son, of Mississippi, secretary of interior; Aaron Vail Brown, of Tennessee, post- 
 master-general; Jere S. Black, of Pennsylvania, attorney general. Mr. Buchanan 
 retired from Washington the eve of this cruel war, for which he was held respon- 
 sible, and died at Lancaster, Pa., June 1, 1868. 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN, the Sixteenth President, was born in Hardin 
 county, Ky., on Feb. 12, 1809. He was veritably a boy of the frontier and it be- 
 ing a long way to the "deestrick" school, his education was limited, so far as col- 
 leges were concerned. The Lincoln family moved to Indiana in 1816, and his 
 mother, who was Nancy Hanks, died in 1818. His step-mother was a woman of 
 quite considerable learning, and Abraham, stimulated by her kind endeavors, 
 laid the foundation for an education that placed him among the foremost law- 
 
yers and debaters in the world. He was a flat-boat man and made trips to New 
 Orleans, some to profit and some to loss. Another move was made, and the fu- 
 ture President became a son of Illinois. He took an active part in politics, and 
 was a soldier as well and served in the Black Hawk war, was postmaster at one 
 time and a member of the state legislature. He married Mary Todd, of Ken- 
 tucky, in 1840, and was elected to congress in 1846, where he met such notable 
 men as John Quincy Adams, Robert C. Winthrop, Alexander H. Stephens, Robt. 
 Toombs, Andrew Johnson, Daniel Webster, Lewis Cass, John C. Calhoun, Jeffer- 
 son Davis and Stephen A. Douglas. He opposed the war with Mexico, but, when 
 the die was cast, he voted to sustain the men who fought in it. In 1854, he met 
 in debate, the "Little Giant" in Springfield and opposed the repeal of the Mis- 
 souri Compromise which Douglas advocated. This debate made him equally 
 famous with the champion of the measure and paved the way to the presidency. 
 He was nominated to this high ofl^ce amid the rumblings of civil war, and was 
 elected and inaugurated with the clouds of secession hangmg thick about him. 
 He lived to carry on the greatest civil war in all the annals of history. Abraham 
 Lincoln the farmer, the "rail splitter," the soldier, the statesman, the patriot, thg 
 president and the martyr, dead and made glorious and immortal by the assassin's 
 steel, lives in the hearts of his countrymen. He, with Hannibal Hamlin of Maine, 
 as Vice-President, was inaugurated on March 4,1861. His cabinet was composed 
 of William H. Seward, Salmon P. Chase, Simeon Cameron, Edwin M. Stanton, 
 who became the great war secretary, Gideon Wells, Caleb B. Smith, Edward 
 Bates and Montgomery Blair. For the second term Mr. Lincoln was accom- 
 panied in the race by Andrew Johnson of Tennessee, Ex-Gov. Denison oi 
 Ohio, Wm. Pitt Fessenden of Maine and Hugh McCulloch were members of the 
 second cabinet. The Nation and the world were shocked by the announcement 
 of Mr. Lincoln's assassination which occurred in Washington on the evening of 
 April 14, 1865. He died in the City of Washington, at 22 minutes past 7 o'clock, 
 on the morning of April 15, 1865. 
 
 ANDREW JOHNSON, the Seventeenth President, was born in Raleigh, 
 N. C, on December 29, 1808. He had no school advantages whatever, and was 
 early apprenticed to learn the tailor trade, which he did. But he desired an edu- 
 cation— 
 
 And while he was handling the "goose," 
 Was storing away knowledge for future use. 
 
 His wife, Eliza McCardle, helped him intellectually, and he read many 
 authors, mastered difficult problems, and became a linguist. His political 
 star was in the ascendency, and he became an alderman, mayor, and a member of 
 the legislature. He was elected to congress in 1843, governor in 1853 for two 
 terms, and to the United States senate in 1857, where he remained until 1862, 
 when he was appointed by President Lincoln as military-governor of Tennessee, 
 with the rank of brigadier-general. He was not an advocate of slave extension, 
 and denounced the John Brown raid in 1859; was glad of Lincoln's election, was 
 opposed to secession, and claimed that the war had been thrust on the North. 
 He was denounced, burned in effigy, and threatened with lynching, all of which 
 did not disturb him in the least. He was the owner of slaves, but they were con- 
 fiscated. He was elected Vice-President, and upon being notified of Mr. Lin- 
 coln's death, took the oath of office as President. He was inducted into office by 
 
Chief Justice Chase without any public demonstration, and his first cabinet meet- 
 ing was held in the treasury building on the day of Lincoln's death. He invited 
 the members of the cabinet to remain. His administration was an eventful one. 
 The war closed, the civil rights bill passed, reconstruction was put on foot, the 
 French withdrew from Mexico, Alaska was purchased, and the President himself 
 was arraigned for impeachment, and in the trial, which lasted from March 23d to 
 May 26th, he was acquitted. 
 
 Mr. Johnson died on July 3, 1875. 
 
 ULYSSES S. GRANT, the Eighteenth President, was born at Mount 
 Pleasant, Ohio, on April 27, 1822. He was the eldest of six children; lived on a 
 farm, and got a common school education, and in 1839 went to West Point, where 
 he did not particularly distinguish himself for brilliancy of intellect. He was 
 called "Uncle Sam" Grant, and "United States" Grant, but later in life 
 ''Unconditional Surrender" Grant. He graduated from West Point in 1843, 
 was commissioned as second-lieutenant in 1845. on the eve of the Mexican war, 
 through which he served, and for gallantry was promoted to captain. He 
 resigned in 1854 and retired to a small farm near St. Louis, where he sought to 
 gain a livelihood, but it was not to his taste. He went to Galena, and was there 
 when the war broke out that, before its close, made him the most famous general 
 in history. General Grant was inaugurated as President and Schuyler Colfax as 
 Vice-President on March 4, 1869, and again with Henry Wilson as Vice-President on 
 March 4, 1873. There were many changes in President Grant's cabinet during his 
 two terms, and we find the following : Secretaries of state, Elihu B. Washburne, 
 Hamilton Fish; of the treasury, Alexander T. Stewart (not confirmed), George 8. 
 Boutwell, William S. Richardson, Benjamin H. Bristow and Lot M. Morrill; 
 secretaries of war. General John M, Schofield, U. S. Army; General John A. 
 Rawlins, W. W. Belknap, Alonzo Taft, J. Donald Cameron; for the navy, Adolf 
 E. Borie and George M. Robeson; postmaster-generals, John A. J. Cresswell, 
 Marshall Jewell and James A. Tyner; attorney-generals, Ebenezer R. Hoar, 
 Amos T, Ackerman, George H. Williams, Edwards Pierrepont and Alonzo Taft; 
 secretaries of interior, Jacob D. Cox, Columbus Delano and Zachariah Chandler. 
 
 At the end of his second term President Grant made a tour of the world, and 
 secured more honors from the rulers and nobility of Europe and Asia than any 
 other man in history. His sickness, suffering and heroism in his last days were 
 most pathetic, and so long as history is written and the centuries roll round, and 
 people moulder into dust, so long will the name of Grant be enshrined in the 
 hearts of his countrymen. 
 
 He died at Mount McGregor, New York, on July 23, 1885. 
 
 RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, the Nineteenth President, was born in 
 Delaware, Ohio, on October 4, 1822. He received a good education, and by pro- 
 fession was a lawyer. At the outbreak of the war he enlisted and was commis- 
 sioned as major of the 23d Ohio, of which W. S. Rosecrans was colonel. He was 
 brave, and at Cedar Creek had a horse shot under him. General Sheridan said 
 to him : " You will be a brigadier general from this time." And so he was, and 
 was breveted major general on March 13, 1865. His war record ended with the 
 memorable Shenandoah Valley campaign. He was inaugurated as President, 
 with William A. Wheeler as Vice-President, on March 4, 1877. In his cabinet 
 
were William M. Evarts, John Sherman, Carl Schurz, David M. Key, George W 
 McCreary, R. W. Thompson and General Charles Devens. 
 Mr. Hayes died on January 17, 1893. 
 
 JAMES A. GARFIELD, the Twentieth President, was born at Bedford, 
 Ohio, on November 19, 1831. He, too, was a poor farm boy and canal-boat man, 
 who worked his way ff'om the tow path to the White House. He got an 
 education by great exertion, and became a school teacher and president of Will. 
 iams College. He was a lawyer by profession and dabbled in politics. His first 
 political speech was in support of the nomination of John C, Freemont for the 
 presidency. He was elected to the state senate in 1859. In the war he 
 was colonel of the 42d Ohio, became brigadier general and joined General Grant 
 at Shiloh. He was also chief of staff to General Rosecrans, and gave gallant 
 service at Chickamauga under Thomas, but resigned December 5, 1863, and took 
 his seat in the United States senate, to which he had been elected. 
 
 He was elected President and Chester A. Arthur, of New York, Vice-Presi- 
 dent, and inaugurated on March 4, 1881. His cabinet was composed of James G. 
 Blaine, William Windom, Robert T. Lincoln, William H. Hunt, Samuel J Kirk- 
 wood, Thomas L. James and Wayne McVeigh. Mr. Garfield fell, mortally 
 wounded, by the hand of the assassin, on the morning of July 2, 1881, and 
 lingered for months, when death came to his release at Elberon, near Long 
 Branch. He died on September 19, 1881. 
 
 CHESTER A. ARTHUR, the Twenty-First President, was born at 
 Frankfort, Vt., on October 5, 1832. He was in early life a teacher and finally 
 selected law as his profession, and was a man of fine attainments. His first 
 schooling was obtained at Union College, N. Y., and, in 1851, he was principal 
 of the academy at North Pownal, Vt. Subsequently he was made engineer in 
 chief of the staff of Governor Morgan in i860, and quartermaster-general of New 
 York, in which capacity fell to him the task of subsisting, quartering, uniform- 
 ing, equipping and arming New York's quota of soldiers for the Union Army. 
 
 In February, 1862, he was appointed inspector general for New York, and in 
 May went to the front and thoroughly inspected all the State troops; but the 
 State became Democratic in 1863, and General Arthur was superceded or rather 
 resigned, and returning home resumed the practice of law. In 1871, President 
 Grant appointed him collector of the port of New York, and reappointed him in 
 1875. He took the oath of office at once upon the death of President Garfield and 
 filled out the unexpired term. General Arthur died in New York, November 
 18, 1886. 
 
 GROTER CLEVELAND, the Twenty-Second President, was bom at 
 
 Caldwell, N. J., on March 18. 1887. His ancestry was English and most excel- 
 lent stock. In early life he was a clerk and a teacher, as well as assistant in the 
 New York Institute for the Blind. He studied law and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1859. He entered the political arena and was appointed assistant district 
 attorney for New York, January, 1863. He was the only support of his mother 
 and sisters, or he would have been in the army; but the family was represented 
 by his two brothers who enlisted. He was a singularly successful man in 
 politics, for the political wave tossed him to the mayoralty chair of Buffalo, and 
 
again it rolled and he found the gubernatorial seat, and yet again the great 
 political sea carried him on the crest of the wave to the White House, where he 
 remained for four years, and then retired for a season to make way for a new 
 tenant from Indianapolis. In 1893 he returned to Washington as President for a 
 second term, and retired hale and hearty, and the century is not closed yet. 
 
 Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana, were inaugurated 
 March 4, 1885, and Grover Cleveland and Adlai Stevenson, of Illinois, were 
 inaugurated in 1893. President Cleveland was married in the White House on 
 June 2. 1886, to Frances Folsom, and has a family of three girls and one boy as 
 a result of the union. 
 
 His first cabinet was Thos. F. Bayard of Delaware, secretary of state; 
 Daniel Manning, New York, secretary of treasury; Wm, C. Endicott, of Massa- 
 chusetts, secretary of war; Wm, C. Whitney, of New York, secretary of navy; 
 T. Q. C. Lamar, of Mississippi, secretary of interior; William F. Vilas, of Wis 
 consin, attorney-general; A. H. Garland, of Arkansas, postmaster-general. 
 
 The second cabinet was Walter Q. Gresham, secretary of state; John G 
 Carlisle, secretary of treasury; W, S. Bissell, postmaster-general; Daniel S. 
 Lamont, secretary of war; Hilary A. Herbert, secretary of navy; Richard Olney, 
 attorney-general; Hoke Smith, of Georgia, and J. Sterling Morton. 
 
 BENJAMIN HARRISON, the Twenty-Third Tresident, was born in 
 North Bend, Ohio, on August 20, 1833. His father, John Scott Harrison, was 
 the third son of General William Henry Harrison, who was the ninth President 
 of the United States and the youngest son of Benjamin Harrison, one of the 
 signers of the Declaration of Independence, from Virginia. 
 
 The subject of this sketch gained a university education, studied law, and 
 wag admitted to the bar in 1854, Indianapolis has been his home since that 
 time, and he has steadily advanced from crier in the federal court at $2.50 per 
 day, to become one of the most distinguished jurists and expounders of law in 
 America. In the civil war he was among the first to enroll himself, and after 
 assisting in raising the 70th Indiana regiment, was commissioned by Governor 
 Morton as a second lieutenant, and took the field where he displayed such energy 
 in drilling his men, such gallantry and skill in handling them that he soon 
 became its colonel and was placed in command of a brigade. He took a promi- 
 nent part in the campaigns of "Fighting Joe Hooker," and under General 
 Sherman was among the very first in the storming column at Resaca, Ga., and 
 at Atlanta bore a conspicuous part. After Sherman's march to the sea and the 
 surrender of General Johnson at the close of the war, General Harrison went to 
 Washington and took a part in the grandest reviews of veterans that this world 
 has ever seen. 
 
 He was elected President and with Governor Levi P. Morton, of New York, 
 as Vice-President, was inaugurated at Washington, on March 4, 1889. His 
 cabinet was as follows: James G. Blaine, William Windom, Redfield Proctor, 
 Benjamin F. Tracey, John Wanamaker, John W. Noble, W. H. H. Miller and 
 Jeremiah Rusk. 
 
 Death is no respecter of persons or places, and Mrs. Harrison, the first lady 
 of the land, the President's wife, died at the White House on October 25, 1892. 
 Upon the expiration of his term as President, General Harrison retin d to his 
 home in Indianapolis, Ind., and resumed his law practice. He is married for the 
 
second time, is hale and hearty, and we hope will live long to advise and give the 
 benefit of his experience for the betterment of our common country. 
 
 WILLIAM M'KINLEY, the Twenty-fourth President, was born in Niles, 
 Ohio, on February 26, 1844. He attended the public schools until the breaking 
 out of the war in 1861, when he enlisted as a private in the 23d Ohio Volunteers, 
 and served with distinction until the close of the war, when he was mustered out 
 as major. After returning home he studied law, and was in receipt of a large 
 and lucrative practice at the time of -his election. Politics claimed his attention, 
 and he was elected to Congress, and served in the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, 
 Forty seventh, Forty-eighth, Forty-ninth and Fiftieth congresses, and was the 
 author of the celebrated RicKinley bill that has made his name a household word 
 in all the civilized world. 
 
 Major McKinley was elected President, and was inaugurated, with Garrett 
 A. Hobart, of New Jersey, as Vice-President, on March 4, 1897. The members 
 of his cabinet are as follows : John Sherman, secretary of state ; Russell A. 
 Alger, secretary of war ; Cornelius N. Bliss, secretary of the interior ; Joseph 
 McKenna, attorney general : John D. Long, secretary of the navy ; Lyman J. 
 Gage, secretary of the treasury ; James Wilson, secretary of agriculture ; James 
 A. Gary, postmaster-general. Attorney-general McKenna wtis promoted to a 
 justice of the Supreme Court. President McKinley, the first man in the whole 
 world, will not disappoint the Nation, and it is to be hoped that jingoes and hot- 
 headed political demagogues will enlist for the war they want him to declare and 
 get out of the way. 
 
 No President since Abraham Lincoln's time has had so grave a question to 
 settle as has President McKinley. The irresponsibles propose measures which 
 are seconded by a lot of cheap oflSce-seeking politicians, who think they elected 
 the President, and who know more (?)than he dares to claim. This Cuban ques- 
 tion was the president's inheritance; and, having fallen heir to it, he will, with 
 the assistance of his coadjutors in oflSce— Alger of the Army, Long of the Navy, 
 and Gage of the Treasury, to furnish the sinews, hold the "dogs of war" in check 
 until the propitious moment arrives, and then the haughty Dons will release their 
 hold and Cuba will be free. 
 
 It is a serious thing to involve a nation in war, and none know it better than 
 do those who have followed our ship of state through four years of strife. The 
 President himself served more than his full term, and he and General Alger, his 
 war secretary, with an experience of four years and sixty odd battles, will 
 advocate peace if it can be honorably done. No fault-finding from soreheads, 
 partisans and jingoes at home, nor howls and threats from nations abroad, will 
 change the minds of the President and his cabinet, who hold the key to the situa- 
 tion. But if war it must be, let it be a war so swift and so terrible, that future 
 generations will pause and pray, and plan and legislate for a general disarma- 
 ment of nations, and an international congress to arbitrate and settle great and 
 grave questions peacefully, as Christian nations should. 
 
Wy son, if sinners entice thee, 
 consent thou not.—Prov. 1-iO. 
 
 1800 
 
 Wisdom is better than rubies, 
 
 -Prov. 8-11. 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Closing year of the Eighteenth Century. 
 
 George Washington died at Mount Vernon on Sunday, December 14, 1799. 
 
 The Territories of Mississippi and Indiana organized. 
 
 Washington, D C, selected as the permanent seat of Government. 
 
 William Cowper, the poet, died April 25. 
 
 Napoleon crosses the Alps. Battle of Marengo fought. 
 
 Second United States Census taken showing 5,308 483 population. 
 
 United States Bank established, with a capital of $10,000,000. 
 
 Total revenue of the Government for present year, $12,945,000. 
 
 Von Moltke born on Sunday, October 26. 
 
 Attempts to burn anthracite coal declared a failure, called black rocks. 
 
 Treaty of peace between the United States and France signed September 30. 
 
 Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse, of Massachusetts, first introduces vaccination into 
 
 the United States 
 
 George Washington died at Mount Vernon, Va., on Sunday, 14th of Decem- 
 ber, 1799, at the age of sixty-eight years. The whole people were recommended 
 to wear crape on the left arm for thirty days. " First in war, first in peace and 
 first in the hearts of his country men." 
 

 Honesty is prompt in its de- ■ 4k m\ | The mightier the man the 
 cision. I O \J M. mightier the deed. 
 
 
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 • • 
 
 
 27 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE TEAR. 
 
 Opening year of the nineteenth century. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr were elected President and Vice-President by 
 
 the House of Representatives. 
 
 On January i, the union of Great Britain and Ireland was consummated. 
 
 On March 23. Paul I, of Russia, was murdered. 
 
 Alexander I was made Czar of Russia. 
 
 Territory of the United States at this time was 820,680 square miles. 
 
 The Habeas Corpus Act was suspended in England. 
 
 Steam navigation was made a success in Scotland. 
 
 Alien and sedition laws of the United States repealed, and excise tax on whisky 
 
 abolished. 
 
 At this time there were about 200 newspapers published in the United States. 
 
 William H. Seward born May 16. 
 
 The system of internal duties was abolished. 
 
 A star for every state and a state for every star. — Robert C. Winthrop. 
 
 War between the United States and Tripoli, one of the piratical Barbary powers. 
 
 

 Honor the defenders of the ^ ^ £^ /^ Gold in all ages has been the 
 Republic, who notv stand in the | \L m\ F curse of mankind — it fetters the 
 
 deepening twilight. ]^ %J \jf j^ soul. 
 
 
 S 
 
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 • • 
 
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 36 
 
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 31 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Ohio, the seventeenth State, admitted into the Union. 
 
 Spain ceded the territory of Louisiana to France, and New Orleans was closed 
 
 aga nst American commerce, causing great excitement in the west. 
 
 Gas-lights were first displayed in the streets of Birmingham, England. 
 
 Merino sheep first imported into the United States. 
 
 Herschel makes important astronomical discoveries. 
 
 On May 24, a bill to abolish bull fighting in England was rejected by the House 
 
 of Commons. 
 
 Thegreat West India Docks in London were opened August 27. 
 
 During this year life boats were first invented in England. 
 
 Dr. enner. who discovered vaccination, was voted £10,000 by the British Par- 
 
 iament. 
 
 Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains and 
 
 slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take, but 
 
 as for me, give me liberty, or give me death. Patrick Henry, I 
 
 ^lar( 
 
 'h. 1775 
 
 
 
 
Of all bad things by which man-' 
 kind are cursed, 
 
 1803 
 
 There own bad tempers surely 
 are the u^orst. — Cumberland. 
 
 
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 30131 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On March 3, Congress authorized the President to call out 80,000 volunteers if 
 
 necessary, to open New Orleans to American commerce. 
 On May 2, France sold the territory of Louisiana to the United States for $15,- 
 
 000 000, thus adding 930 928 square miles to the public domain. 
 May 18, war declared between France and England. 
 July 23, Robert Emmett instigates an insurrection in Dublin, 
 August 2, Napoleon Bonaparte made First Counsel for life. 
 Number of Postoffices in the United States at this time, 1,258. 
 Dr. Gall, of Germany, first announces the science of Phrenology. 
 Alexander Dumas born. 
 Ralph Waldo Emerson born. 
 
 Yesterday the greatest question was decided which ever was debated in 
 America; and a greater perhaps never was. nor will be. decided among men. A 
 resolution was passed without one dissenting Colony, that those United Colonies 
 are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States. John Adams in a 
 letter to Mrs. Adams, July 3, 1776, 
 
There is but one good throw 
 upon the dice, which is, to throw 
 them away.—Cbatfield. 
 
 1804 
 
 Gaming finds a man a cully 
 and leaves him a hnave. — Thomn- 
 Eaghes. 
 
 January.. 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April. 
 
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 29 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On July 12, Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel at Weehawken. 
 
 opposite New York. 
 The British and Foreign Bible Society instituted. 
 Austria was made an empire and Franc's II relinquished the title of Emperor of 
 
 Germany, and assumed that of Emperor of Austria. 
 The State of New Jersey provided for the gradual Emancipation of Slaves. 
 On November ig Napoleon was crowned Emperor of France. 
 During this year stereotypes were first used in England. 
 Terrible massacre of the white inhabitants of St. Domingo. March 29. 
 Decatur burned a captured frigate in the harbor of Tripoli to prevent it falling 
 
 into the hands of rebels. 
 The surplus revenue of the United States for the year was $7,300 000, 
 Tripoli was bombarded by an American Squadron under Commodore Preble. 
 Ellen Marion Kinzie, the first white child born in Chicago, December 20. 
 Nathaniel Hawthorn born. 
 John Hancock said after signing the Declaration: "There, John Bull may read 
 
 my name without spectacles.'" 
 
There shall no evil happen to 
 the Just — 
 
 1805 
 
 Tlie wicked shall be filled with 
 
 mischief.— Prov. 12-21. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March.. 
 
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 7 
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 26 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 6 
 13 
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 6 
 
 13 
 20 
 
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 3 
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 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 28 
 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 22 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 A general alliance was made at St. Petersburg against France, April 8. 
 
 Schiller died on Wednesday, May 8. 
 
 January 30, Mungo Park sailed on his second expedition to Africa, 
 
 The Gregorian Calendar restored in France, September 9. 
 
 Treaty of Peace signed June 3, between the United States and Tripoli. 
 
 Napoleon crowned King of Italy, May 26. 
 
 Battle of Trafalgar and death of Nelson, October 21. 
 
 December 2, Battle of Austerlitz. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson and George Clinton, President and Vice-President of the 
 
 United States; seventeen States voted; total electoral vote, 176. 
 An earthquake in Naples destroyed 20,000 lives. 
 The Territory of Michigan organized. 
 Benjamin Disraeli born. 
 The increase in American shipping was very large during this year, owing to the 
 
 complications of foreign nations. 
 In 1805 Michigan became a distinct territorial government of the United States; 
 from 1802 until 1805 it was apart of the territory of Indiana. Previous to this 
 
 it was a part of the Northwest territory. 
 

 The memory of the just is \ ^^^\ /^ Hie wiched shall be cttt off from, 
 blessed. . 10"U the earth.-Prov. 2-22. 
 
 
 S 
 
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 January... 
 
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 July 
 
 
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 February.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Augrust 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 March 
 
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 31 
 
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 September 
 
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 28 
 
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 April 
 
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 1 
 
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 October... 
 
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 . . I 
 
 
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 May 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 November 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 June. 
 
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 December 
 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 10 
 
 4 
 
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 8 
 
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 • * 
 
 • * 
 
 * • 
 
 • • 
 
 
 28 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 January 23 William Pitt died. 
 
 une4 Parliament passed resolutions for abolishing the slave trade March 25. 
 
 Robert Morris, the celebrated financier of the Revolution, died. 
 
 Battle of Jena Tuesday, October 14. 
 
 John Stewart Mill born. 
 
 American commerce greatly paralyzed by the issuance of the British "Orders 
 
 in Council" and Napoleon's "Berlin Decree," which practically closed all 
 
 European ports against neutral vessels. 
 
 Aaron Burr originated his famous conspiracy to form a Western government. 
 
 Webster's Dictionary was first published during this year. 
 
 On Monday June 16, a great solar eclipse occurred, afterward referred to as 
 
 "the dark day." 
 
 Col. Aaron Burr was detected in a conspiracy to form west of the Alleghanies. 
 
 an independent empire of which he was to be the ruler and New Orleans 
 
 the capital. He was arrested, brought to trial in 1807 and acquited. 
 
 
Zict not mercif and truth for- 
 sake thee; torite them -upon the 
 table of thine heart.— Proy. 3-3. 
 
 1807 
 
 Can a tnan take fire in his 
 bosom and his clothes not be 
 
 burned?— Prov. 6-27. 
 
 
 S 
 
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 S 
 
 January... 
 
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 lO 
 
 
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 February.. 
 
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 March 
 
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 lO 
 
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 April 
 
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 lO 
 
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 t 
 
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 May 
 
 
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 2 
 
 
 8 
 
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 lO 
 
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 June 
 
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 lO 
 
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 • • 
 
 
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 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October. . 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
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 2 
 
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 23 
 
 30 
 
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 13 
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 20 21 
 
 2728 
 
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 i 
 
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 31 
 
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 31 
 
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 S 
 
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 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 
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 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Longfellow and Whittier both born during this year. 
 
 On June 22 the United States frigate 'Chesapeake" was fired on by the British 
 frigate ''Leopard" causing great excitement and indignation throughout the 
 country. 
 
 Aaron Burr tried for treason and acquitted. 
 
 The United States Government lays an embargo on French and English vessels. 
 
 The Fourdinier paper-making machine patented in England. 
 
 During this year the Missouri River was explored to its head. 
 
 Robert Fulton makes the initial trip of his steam vessel "Claremont" on the 
 Hudson River, the same proving a signal success. 
 
 Louis Agassiz born. 
 
 On the nth of November the British government issued the celebrated "orders 
 in council" prohibiting all trade with France and her allies, except such 
 trade as should be carried on directly from the ports of England or her con- 
 federates. 
 

 i May futwre generations etnulate ^ ^v g"^ ^ The friendship of the world is a 
 the unselfisfi devotion of even the 1 5|t fl ■ 1^ mere ontward show ; 'tis like the 
 lowliestof our Nation's heroes. M.\^\y \^ harlot's tears.— Savage. 
 
 i 
 
 ! 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 s 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 , , 
 
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 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 July 
 
 , , 
 
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 . , 
 
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 ! 
 
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 I 
 
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 23.1 
 
 
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 31 
 
 . . 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i February.. 
 
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 Aug-ust 
 
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 . , 
 
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 , 
 
 i March 
 
 
 
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 5 
 
 Septenib'r 
 
 
 
 
 
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 April 
 
 
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 2 
 
 October... 
 
 
 
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 • * 
 
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 IVIav 
 
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 November 
 
 
 , . 
 
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 , . 
 
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 ■ 
 
 
 June 
 
 
 
 
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 December 
 
 
 
 
 
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 i 
 
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 IrO 
 
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 * • 
 
 
 
 25 
 
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 27 
 
 28 
 
 ^^ 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On March 30th, in view of possibility of war with England or France, congress 
 
 votes to increase the regular army to 6,000 men; and on April 12th empowers 
 
 the President to call for 100,000 six months' volunteers. , 
 
 Salmon P. Chase born. 
 
 Cable railways first patented in England by William Chapman. 
 
 Napoleon Bonaparte prohibits all commerce with Great Britain. 
 
 Slave trade abolished by the United States. 
 
 A society organized in London for Christianizing Jews. 
 
 General La Fayette refuses to become an adherent of Napoleon. 
 
 December 2gth Andrew Johnson was born. 
 
 Joseph Bonapart made king of Spain. 
 
 The right of search refused by the United States. 1 
 
 During this year many indignities were perpetrated upon American seamen. 
 
 A man used to vicissitudes is not easily dejected. — Samuel Johnson. j 
 
 The aggregate bonded indebtedness of the civilized nations in 1894 was ' 
 
 $34,446,574,000. 
 
 
Napoleon said: ^''JL propose and 
 I dispose." Mis ambitious sun 
 set at Waterloo. 
 
 1809 
 
 General Grant said: ''Let us 
 have peace,'' and his enemies 
 loved him. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 1 
 
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 lO 
 
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 2l| 
 
 
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 31 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 February.. 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
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 9 
 
 lO 
 
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 181 
 
 
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 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 March 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 f> 
 
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 i^ 
 
 7 
 
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 9 
 
 lO 
 
 111 
 
 
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 , , 
 
 April 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 8! 
 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
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 22: 
 
 
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 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 • • 1 
 
 May 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6l 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
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 131 
 
 
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 June 
 
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 1 
 
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 101 
 
 
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 ;: 
 
 July 
 
 August... 
 
 Septemb'r 
 
 October.... 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 2*2: 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 M 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 *7 
 14 
 21 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 Q7 
 
 if 
 
 18 
 25 
 
 T 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 
 24 
 31 
 
 W T F 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 6 
 13 
 
 20I 
 27 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 ,15 
 
 22 
 29 
 
 11 12 
 1819 
 25 26 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 15 
 
 22 
 29 
 
 IS 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 7 
 14 
 
 21i 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 22 
 29 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 7 
 1314 
 2021 
 
 26 27 28 
 
 21 3 
 
 9!l0 
 
 1617 
 
 23124 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 8 
 15 
 21 !22 
 28|29 
 
 7 
 14 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 James Madison and George Clinton inaugurated President and Vice-President of 
 the United States. Number of states voting, 17, total number of electoral 
 votes, 176. of which Madison secured 123. 
 
 Battle of Corunna fought Monday, January i6lh, resulting in the defeat of the 
 French and death of Sir John Moore. 
 
 Monday, February 20th, the French capture Saragossa. 
 
 Napoleon entered Vienna May 13. 
 
 Drury Lane theater, London, burned Monday, July 24th, 
 
 The British government send secret emissaries and endeavor to divide the Ameri- 
 can union. 
 
 Thomas Payne, and Haydn, the musical composer, both died during this year. 
 
 Honorable William E. Gladstone born. 
 
 Tremendous eruption of Mount Etna. 
 
 Caesar had his Brutus; Charles the First his Cromwell; and George the Third 
 ["Treason'" cried the speaker] — may profit by \their example. If this be trea- 
 son make the most of it. — Patrick Henry in Virginia Convention, 176^. 
 

 
 Tlie hours are too precious to be "^ 4^ "i /\ If you cannot speaJc well of a 
 spent in reading idle tales. ^ CJ Jl v/ person it were better to Ueep silent 
 
 
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 August 
 
 Septenib'r 
 
 October... 
 November 
 December 
 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 President Madison takes formal possession of West Florida under the Louisiana 
 
 Purchase, notwithstanding the protests of England. 
 Third census of the United States taken, showing 7,239,881 population. 
 Fifteen million dollars worth of cotton exported from the United States during 
 
 this year. 
 Empress Josephine divorced from Napoleon January 16. April i Napoleon 
 
 marries Archduchess Maria Louisa. 
 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions organized. 
 November 2 George III, of England, again becomes insane. 
 Holland becomes united to France. 
 
 On December 2 the Isle of France was captured by England. 
 At this time there were 364 newspapers published in the United States, twenty 
 
 five of them being dailies. 
 Napoleon issued a decree October 19 to destroy all British merchandise. 
 March 10 Napoleon issued a decree by which all American vessels and cargoes 
 
 arriving in any ports of France were ordered to be seized and condemned. 
 
 In November it was revoked. 
 
 

 ZTe that hath a bountiful eye "I Q '1 'f ^or he giveth his bread to the 
 shall be blessed— £ %J £ J pom'.-Prov. 22-9. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
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 July 
 
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 31 
 
 . . 
 
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 28 
 
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 February.. 
 
 
 . . 
 
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 . . 
 
 1 
 
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 August 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 March 
 
 
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 3 
 
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 Septenib'r 
 
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 31 
 
 . , 
 
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 29 
 
 30 
 
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 April 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 6 
 
 October... 
 
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 1 
 
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 7 
 
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 . . 
 
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 27 
 
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 May. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 4| 
 
 November 
 
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 June 
 
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 December 
 
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 1819 
 
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 . . . . 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE TEAR. 
 
 On January 3 Congress of the United States authorized the occupation of East 
 
 Florida. 
 
 The charter of the first bank of the United States having expired, a renewal was 
 
 refused by the casting vote of Vice-President Clinton. 
 
 May 16, the American frigate "President" disabled the British sloop of war, 
 
 '■Little Belt," off Cape Charles. 
 
 On Tuesday, November 5, Gen. Harrison defeated the Indians under Tecumseh 
 
 at Tippecanoe. , 
 
 During this year the first steamboat ran on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. 
 
 At this time British vessels used the American flag to avoid French privateers. 
 
 The Prince of Wales was appointed Regent on January 10. 
 
 Astoria founded by John Jacob Astor. 
 
 Preparations made for war with England. $11,000,000 borrowed and duties on 
 
 imports doubled. 
 
 The nations of the world spend annually to keep in preparation to destroy one 
 
 another $1,687,718,473. j 
 
 1 
 
 
JEvil is limited. One cannot 
 form a scheme for universal 
 
 evil.— Bailey. 
 
 1812 
 
 TJie body sins not, 'tis the will 
 That makes the action good or ill. 
 
 —Eerrick. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 . , 
 
 
 . . 
 
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 lO 
 
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 February.. 
 
 
 
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 lO 
 
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 March 
 
 1 
 
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 *7 
 
 
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 21! 
 
 - 
 
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 April 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 *l 
 
 
 5 
 
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 lO 
 
 ii! 
 
 
 12 
 
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 , , 
 
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 May 
 
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 9i 
 
 
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 June 
 
 . . 
 
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 lO 
 
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 . . 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
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 M T W 
 
 6 
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 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
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 5 
 12 
 19 
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 7 
 14 
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 9 
 16 
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 30 
 
 7 
 14 
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 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 
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 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
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 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
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 15 
 
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 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 
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 29 
 
 5 
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 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
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 'i 
 
 14 
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 4 
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 25 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
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 23 
 
 30 
 
 T 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 22 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
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 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On Thursday, June i8, the United States declared war against Great Britain. 
 August i6, Gen. Hull surrendered his army and the city of Detroit to the British. 
 
 He was tried for treason and cowardice and his name was stricken from the 
 
 army. 
 John C. Fremont born at Savannah, Ga,, January 2i. 
 Louisiana was admitted into the Union. 
 
 Terrible earthquake in Caraccas with 12,000 lives lost, March 26. 
 Russia and Sweden declare war against France. 
 Bonaparte marched against Russia May 9. He entered Moscow September 14, 
 
 evacuated it October 22, left his army and reached Paris at midnight, Friday, 
 
 December 18. 
 During this year the American Navy was very successful and was estimated to 
 
 have captured more than 250 British vessels and 3,000 prisoners. 
 Gov. DeWitt Clinton of New York first projects the Erie Canal. 
 He that does good to another does good also to himself, not only in the conse- 
 quence, but in the very act; for the consciousness of well-doing is in itself 
 
 ample reward. — Seneca. 
 

 There's tnany an empty cradle, H 1^ ■ '^ Tliere's many a lonesome bosom, 
 There's many an empty bed, m.^^ M.%^ Whose joy and light have fled. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 , . 
 
 
 ' * 
 
 . , 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 July 
 
 . . 
 
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 1 
 
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 ; February- 
 
 1 
 
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 August 
 
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 28 
 
 . . 
 
 . 
 
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 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 . , 
 
 . . 
 
 
 , . 
 
 March 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 September 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 4 
 
 
 7 
 
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 5 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 
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 30 
 
 
 
 April 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 October ... 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
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 3 
 
 4 
 
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 6 
 
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 8 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 11 
 
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 10 
 
 11 
 
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 16l 
 
 
 18 
 
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 23 1 
 
 
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 . . 
 
 
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 May 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
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 1 
 
 
 31 
 
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 2 
 
 3 
 
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 5 
 
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 7 
 
 8 
 
 November 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
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 6 
 
 
 9 
 
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 7 
 
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 June 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 December 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 5 
 
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 Hi 
 
 
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 • * 
 
 • * 
 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On January 23, terrible massacre of American troops at Frenchtown bv Indian 
 
 allies of the British- 
 
 James Madison (second term) and Elbridge Gerry, President and Vice-President 
 
 Number of States voting, eighteen; total electoral vote, 218; electoral votes 
 
 cast for successful candidate, 128. 
 
 March 8, Russia offers to mediate between the United States and Great Britain. 
 
 Commodore Perry achieved a notable victory over the British fleet on Lake Erie, 
 
 September 10. 
 
 A loan of $16,000,000 was authorized by the United States Government to prose 
 
 cute the war, and $5,000,000 in treasury notes to be issued. John Jacob 
 
 Astor and Stephen Girrard negotiated the principal part of this loan. 
 
 The American Tract Society was founded during this year. 
 
 October 13, Battle of Leipsic between the allied forces of Napoleon Bonaparte, 
 
 in which Bonaparte lost 80.000 men, and 180 pieces of cannon. 
 
 $7,5('0,000 of the United States loan taken at 88 cents on the dollar. 
 
 " Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute."— C. C. Pinckney. 
 
 1 
 
 
If any man tears down the ^ ^ ^ a If a. man sin can he not re- 
 stars and stripes, shoot him on 1 JtL 1 /■ pent ? If he repents can he he 
 the spot.—Dix. M, %J M. ■" forgiven? 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 , , 
 
 . , 
 
 , , 
 
 , . 
 
 . , 
 
 , , 
 
 1 
 
 July 
 
 . . 
 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
 3 
 
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 31 
 
 . . 
 
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 , , 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 31 
 
 , , 
 
 . , 
 
 , , 
 
 . , 
 
 , , 
 
 , . 
 
 February- 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 4 
 
 5 
 
 August 
 
 
 1 
 
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 « 
 
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 . , 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
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 , , 
 
 
 
 March 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Septemb'r 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
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 . , 
 
 , . 
 
 
 25 
 
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 . . 
 
 April 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 October.... 
 
 
 . . 
 
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 1 
 
 
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 2 
 
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 TWav 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 9 
 
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 10 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 6 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 November 
 
 6 
 
 *7 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 2 
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 3 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
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 , 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 
 27 
 
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 30 
 
 
 
 
 June 0... 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 December 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 5 
 
 6 
 
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 8 
 
 9 
 
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 11 
 
 
 4 
 
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 • • 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On January 14 the union of Norway and Sweden was consummated. 
 
 Wellington took possession of Bordeaux, March 8th. and on the 31st of March 
 
 the allied sovereigns enter Paris, April nth, abdication of Napoleon. 
 
 On the 24th of August the British forces, under General Ross, entered Washing- 
 
 ton and burned the capitol, its library, all the public offices and numerous 
 
 private dwellings. 
 
 The London Times was first printed by steam Monday, November 28th. 
 
 Treaty of Ghent signed December 24th, establishing peace between the United 
 
 States and Great Britain. 
 
 During this year threats of disunion were made by discontented inhabitants of 
 
 Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. 
 
 Gas first used for lighting the streets of London. 
 
 The American Baptist board of foreign missions organized 
 
 On the morning of July 3d Generals Scott and Ripley, at the head of 3.000 men, 
 
 crossed the Niagara river, surprised and took possession of Fort Erie with- 
 
 out opposition. 
 
Liquor selling is the way 
 Tuin — they who open the gates- 
 
 1815 
 
 As well as those who enter 
 therein, alihe go to destruction. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
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 31 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 February- 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
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 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 
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 , . 
 
 
 , . 
 
 
 March 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
 April 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 
 16 
 
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 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 
 28 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 
 30 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 May 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
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 31 
 
 
 . . 
 
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 June 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 
 11 
 
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 18 
 
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 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 •• 
 
 July 
 
 August... 
 
 Septenib'r 
 
 October.. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 M 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 T W T F S 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 
 22 
 29 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 The power loom first introduced into the United States, and used at Waltham, 
 Mass. 
 
 On January 8th, General Jackson fought the battle of New Orleans, gaining a 
 brilliant victory over the British. The news of peace had not been received 
 when the battle was fought. 
 
 April 6th, a brutal massacre of American prisoners in Dartmoor prison, England. 
 
 On June i8th, battle of Waterloo, resulting in the complete overthrow of Na- 
 poleon Bonaparte, Wellington commanding the allied forces. 
 
 August 7th, Napoleon gave himself up to the British and is banished to St. 
 Helena. 
 
 Marshal Ney shot for treason December 5th. 
 
 War declared against Algiers by the United States, which was soon brought to a 
 close by the brilliant victories of Commodore Decatur. 
 
 Prince Bismarck of Germany born April ist. 
 
 What pity is it that we can die but once to serve our country. — Addison. 
 
 Confidence imparts a wonderful inspiration to its possessor. — Milton. 
 
Party honesty is j^m'ty expedi- 
 ency.— Grover Cleveland, Sept. 19, 1889. 
 
 1816 
 
 Our Federal Union: it must he 
 
 preserved,— Andrew Jackson, in 1845. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 8 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 July 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
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 lO 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 
 
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 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 February 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 lO 
 
 August 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 9 
 
 3 
 lO 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
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 7 
 
 
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 1 
 
 8 
 
 Ch 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
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 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 9 
 
 Septenib'r 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
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 13 
 
 14 
 
 
 17 
 
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 23 
 
 
 15 
 
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 30 
 
 
 22 
 
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 28 
 
 
 31 
 
 , . 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 , , 
 
 , . 
 
 April 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 October... 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
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 18 
 
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 20 
 
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 23 
 
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 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 May 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 November 
 
 .• . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28^ 
 
 Q9 
 
 30 
 
 June 
 
 , . 
 
 , . 
 
 , . 
 
 . , 
 
 . , 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 
 , , 
 
 . . 
 
 , . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 December 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 
 lO 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
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 29 
 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 
 30 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 • • 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Indiana admitted into the Union. 
 
 April lo, the second Bank of the United States established with an authorized 
 capital of $35,000,000, John Jacob Astor and Stephen Girard being the 
 Government directors. 
 
 Sir Humphrey Davy invented the safety lamp. 
 
 Richard Brinsley Sheridan, the brilliant dramatist, orator and poet,, died. 
 
 Serious financial troubles throughout the United States, especially among manu- 
 facturers whose business was damaged by English importations. To remedy 
 this a slightly protective tariff bill was passed, affecting chiefly coarse cot- 
 tons, but it met too much opposition to be of value. 
 
 December 9, the Bank of England resumed specie payments. 
 
 We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately. — Bettj. 
 Franklin at the Signing of the Declaration of Independence, J^^iy 4, ^77^' 
 
 'Tis our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the 
 foreign world. — Washington in his Farewell Address. 
 
The memory of the Just is 
 blessed— the name of the wicked 
 shall rot.—Prov. iO-7. 
 
 1817 
 
 The wicked flee when no man 
 pursifeth ; but the righteous a/re 
 
 bold as a llon.—Prov. 28-1. 
 
 
 s 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F S 
 
 January... 
 
 . . 
 
 , . 
 
 . , 
 
 1 
 
 *> 
 
 3 4 
 
 
 /> 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
 FebruaiT-. 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 
 16 
 
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 18 
 
 19 
 
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 24 
 
 25 
 
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 28 
 
 . . 
 
 March 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
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 15 
 
 
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 17 
 
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 22 
 
 
 28 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
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 29 
 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 April 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 O 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 
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 18 
 
 19 
 
 
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 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
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 30 
 
 
 
 
 May 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 
 IS 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 ♦. 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 ,T]|r|p 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 
 lo 
 
 16 
 
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 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 . . 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 . . 
 
 • • 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October... 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 S M T 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 *7 
 14 
 21 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 '7 
 14 
 21 
 28 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 *4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 W 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 *7 
 14 
 21 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 22 
 29 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 18 
 25 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 S 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Under a resolution introduced in Congress by Daniel Webster, February 20, Ihe 
 
 United States Government began specie payments. 
 Mississippi admitted into the Union. 
 James Monroe and Daniel D, Tompkins, President and Vice-President of the 
 
 United States. Number of States voting, 19. Total electoral vote, 221. 
 
 Electoral vote for successful candidate, 183. 
 For the first time in the history of the United States a Congressional committee 
 
 recommend internal improvements at public expense. 
 The Seminole War results in the subjugation of the Indians and the conquest of 
 
 Florida from the Spaniards. 
 De Witt Clinton begins operations on his systems of canals. 
 On February 21 the Habeas Corpus Act was suspended in England. 
 Lithographic engraving first used in England. 
 Mississippi Territory was divided in 1817 and the western portion admitted into 
 
 the Union as the State of Mississippi; it contams 48,000 square miles. 
 I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country — Nathan Hall. 
 
He that cover eth his sins shall 
 not prosper; but tvhoso forsaketh 
 them shall have mercy— Prov. 28-13 
 
 1818 
 
 Wisdom is more precious than 
 rubies; her tvays are ways of 
 pleasantness. — Prov. 3, 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 si 
 
 January .. 
 
 , . 
 
 . . 
 
 . , 
 
 , . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3| 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 February.. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 H 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
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 20 
 
 21 
 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
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 28 
 
 March 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
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 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
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 April 
 
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 1 
 
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 lO 
 
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 2G 
 
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 May 
 
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 June 
 
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 . . 
 
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 :: 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 13 
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 27 
 
 M 
 
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 31 
 
 7 
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 2 
 
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 2 
 
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 8 
 
 15 
 
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 29 
 
 5 
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 19 
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 3 
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 24 
 31 
 
 3 
 10 
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 31 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 18 
 25 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
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 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Illinois is admitted into the Union. 
 
 The Seminole and Creek Indians again make war on the United States, but are 
 
 signally defeated by General Jackson 
 June 12, imprisonment for debt abolished in New York. 
 Sir John Franklin sets out on his Polar expedition. 
 On October 9 the treaty of Aix-la Chapelle was made, under which France was 
 
 adjudged to pay 265,000,000 francs to the allies. 
 Encke's comet discovered November 26. 
 
 Sir John Ross starts on his first expedition in search of a Northwest passage. 
 In May an important commercial treaty was made between the United States 
 
 and Sweden. 
 Signal victory of Gen, Bolivar over Morillo in the battle of Sombrero, 
 Benjamin F. Butler of Massachusetts, born November 5. He served in the 
 U. S. Senate, was Governor of his State, an eminent member of the Bar, and a 
 
 Major-General during the war for the preservation of the Union. 
 " I was born an American; I will live an American; I shall die an American." — 
 Webster. July 17, 1850 
 
I If -we Have nothing else to do 
 j Than talk, of those who sin, 
 
 1819 
 
 'Tis better to conitnence at home, 
 A.nd frotn that point begin. 
 
 January . 
 
 February. 
 
 I March.. 
 
 April... 
 
 May 
 
 June. 
 
 s 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 1 
 
 S 
 
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 31 
 
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 30 
 
 . . 
 
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 July 
 
 August 
 
 Septenib'r 
 
 October. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 4 
 11 
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 25 
 
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 8 
 
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 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
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 7 
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 9 
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 6 
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 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Alabama admitted into the Union. 
 
 The United States purchased Florida from Spain for $5,000,000, and Gen. Jack- 
 son was made the first Governor of the Territory of Florida. 
 
 The law of appeal by wager of battle was stricken from the English Statute 
 books. 
 
 Capt. Parry sets out from England May 4, on his second attempt to find the 
 Northwest passage. 
 
 Steel engraving was introduced into England by an American inventor. 
 
 The territory of Arkansas was formed from that of Missouri. 
 
 The steamer " Savannah " reached England from America July 26, being twenty- 
 six days making the voyage. 
 
 The boundary line of Mexico was settled this year between Spain and the United 
 States. 
 
 A treaty was made between the United States and Great Britain. 
 
 John Ruskin. the brilliant artist and writer, born February 22. 
 
 Prince Albert, prince consort to Queen Victoria, born August 26. 
 
 " Cast thy bread upon the waters; for thou shalt find it after many 
 
 Eccles.. ii:t; or Luke. ii:l 
 

 1 
 
 He that keepeth company tvith ^ ^ ^^ ^-K Bless them that curse you, and 
 harlots speiideth his substance. 1 J% F m m pray for them which despite- 
 —Prov. XXIX. 3. K O JSJ \J f^lly ««e you.- St. Luke VI. 28. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
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 M 
 
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 January... 
 
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 February.. 
 
 
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 1 
 
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 August 
 
 
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 March 
 
 
 
 
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 Septemb'r 
 
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 1 
 
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 April 
 
 
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 October... 
 
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 May 
 
 
 1 
 
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 November 
 
 
 
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 . . 
 
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 June 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 December 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
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 1 
 
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 *7 
 
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 IS 
 
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 . . 
 
 
 24 
 31 
 
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 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Maine admitted into the Union 
 
 George III of England died on January 2g, in the eighty-second year of his age 
 
 and the sixtieth of his reign. He spent, in a melancholy state of blindness, 
 
 deafness and insanity, the last ten years of a reign which, up to the present 
 
 time, was the longest and most important in the history of England. 
 
 December 22, celebration of the second centennial of the landing of the Pilgrims 
 
 at Plymouth Rock. 
 
 Fourth census of the United States taken, showing 9,633 822 population. 
 
 The Missouri Compromise Bill was passed, excluding slavery north of the 
 
 parallel of 36° 30' north latitude. 
 
 California was ceded to Russia by Spain. 
 
 During this year the Bible was first printed in Chinese. 
 
 The term of "doughface" originates with John Randolph, who applied it to 
 
 Northern members of Congress who voted in favor of the Missouri Com- 
 
 promise. 
 
 The Astronomical Society of London founded. 
 
 Benjamin West, the celebrated American painter, died. 
 
 Daniel Boone, a brave American pioneer, died September 26. 
 
 
^'Miches take to themselves tvings 
 and fly away." — A good name 
 never. 
 
 1821 
 
 Open thy mouth— judge right- 
 eously — plead the cause of the 
 poor. 
 
 January... 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April. 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 s 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
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 1 
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 3 
 lO 
 
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 1 
 
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 8 
 
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 8 
 
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 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 July. 
 
 Aug-ust.... 
 
 Septemb'i 
 
 October... 
 
 November 
 
 2 December 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 2:3 
 
 30 
 
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 28 
 
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 9 
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 3 
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 8 
 
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 1 
 
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 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
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 18 
 25 
 
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 9 
 
 16 
 
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 30 
 
 6 
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 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
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 18 
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 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
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 3 
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 31 
 
 7 
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 28 
 
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 12 
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 5 
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 9 
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 23 
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 6 
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 4 
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 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
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 6 
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 20 
 27 
 
 7 
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 21 
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 3 
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 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Missouri admitted into the Union. 
 
 James Monroe and Daniel D. Tompkins re-elected President and Vice-President 
 of the United States. Number of States voting, 23; total electoral vote, 235, 
 of which the above candidates received 232. 
 
 On July iq George IV was crowned King of England. 
 
 Peru and Mexico both declare independence 
 
 On Saturday, May 5. Napoleon Bonaparte died at St. Helena. 
 
 August 10, Major Andre's remains were removed from New York to be placed in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Emanuel, King of Sardinia, abdicates March 13. 
 
 December 20, St. Domingo declares for independence. 
 
 August 7. Queen Caroline of England died; at time of funeral procession seri- 
 ous riots occurred in London. 
 
 A people that does not hold in honor its historical great men is like one who 
 denies his parents. — Anerbach. 
 
 Few men in public affairs act from a mere view of the good of their country, 
 whatever they may pretend. — Franklin. 
 
The hand of the diligent maJc- 
 
 eth rich.—Prov. iO-4. 
 
 1822 
 
 TJie fear of the Zord is the be- 
 ginning of wisdom,— Prov. 9-iO. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January •• 
 
 „ . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
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 o 
 
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 lO 
 
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 , , 
 
 . . 
 
 February.. 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 lO 
 
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 March 
 
 . . 
 
 
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 • • 
 
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 lO 
 
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 April 
 
 
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 July 
 
 2 August 
 
 Septemb'r 
 
 October. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
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 11 
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 25 
 
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 24 
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 W 
 
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 31 
 
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 21 
 
 28 
 
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 18 
 25 
 
 9 
 16 
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 30 
 
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 27 
 
 4 
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 25 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 22 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 *7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 F S 
 
 5 
 12 
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 26 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant born April 27. 
 
 Sir William Herschell, the eminent astronomer, died in August. He was born 
 November 15, 1738. 
 
 On the 27th of January Greece declared her independence. 
 
 Terrible massacre of the Greeks at Scio, April 22. Twenty-five thousand men, 
 women and children killed by the Turks, and 30.000 carried into captivity. 
 
 Destruction of the Turkish Army at Thermopylae by the Greeks, July 8. 
 
 Independence of Brazil acknowledged September 7. 
 
 During this year a joint conference was held in London between English and 
 American commissioners relative to suppressing the slave trade, each gov- 
 ernment giving the other the right to capture their vessels engaged in it. 
 
 A part of the northern boundary line of the United States settled this year. 
 
 Rosa Bonheur, the famous artist, born at Bordeaux, France, March 22. 
 
 During the year 1822 an alarming system of piracy having grown up in the 
 West Indies, a small naval force was sent there which captured and 
 destroyed more than twenty piratical vessels on the coast of Cuba. 
 

 Seest thou a man tvise in his ^ ^ /^ ^ l^vil jnirsneth sinners; but to 1 
 own conceit? th''re is more hope B ytL V ^ the rUjhteous good shall be re- 
 ofafool than of him.-prov. 26-12. J| O J^CF paid.-Prov. 13-21. 
 
 
 s 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 s 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 . , 
 
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 1 
 
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 July 
 
 , . 
 
 . , 
 
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 February.. 
 
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 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 August 
 
 
 
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 March 
 
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 31 
 
 ^ 
 
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 September 
 
 - . 
 
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 30 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
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 , . 
 
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 . . 
 
 
 28 
 
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 30 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 April 
 
 . . 
 
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 5 
 
 October... 
 
 
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 November 
 
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 • • 
 
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 December 
 
 
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 • • 
 
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 31 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Number of postoffices of the United States, 5,242. 
 
 The United States census apportionment fixed at one representative for every 
 
 40,000 people. 
 
 During this year the announcement of the so-called "Monroe Doctrine" was 
 
 made for the purpose of preventing foreign entanglements and foreign 
 
 interference in American affairs. 
 
 A full territorial government established by Congress over Florida. 
 
 The French Army entered Spain and invested Cadiz. 
 
 Brazil declared to be an independent empire. 
 
 South American republics acknowledged bv the United States and by England. 
 
 The Thames Tunnel projected by Isambard Brunei 
 
 It is more blessed to give than to receive —John xx, jj. 
 
 Of the whole sum of human life no small part is that which consists of man's 
 
 relations to his country, and his feelings concerning it. — Gladstone. 
 
 Let no guilty man escape if it can be avoided. — U. S. Grant, relating to the 
 
 Whisky Ring, July 2g, i8y^. 
 
 
An unjust tnan is an abomina- 
 tion to the just ; 
 
 1824 
 
 the upright an abomination to 
 the wicked— Prov. XXIX. 27. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
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 February- 
 
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 April 
 
 
 
 
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 May 
 
 
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 July. 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 4 
 11 
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 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
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 7 
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 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Lord Byron died April 9th, at the age of thirty-six; was born January 22, 1788. 
 
 On August 15th Gen. La Fayette visited the United States by invitation of Con- 
 gress, and met with a hearty reception. He was presented by the Govern- 
 ment with $200,000 and a township in Florida, as a reward for his eminent 
 service in the Revolutionary War. 
 
 There was great manufacturing prosperity at this time in the United States. 
 
 A new Tariff Bill was passed chiefly protecting cotton goods. 
 
 Louis XVIII of France died September i6th, and was succeeded by Charles X. 
 
 The first nominating political convention ever held was the State Convention of 
 New York, when De Witt Clinton was nominated for governor. 
 
 Macadamized streets first made in London. 
 
 The American Sunday School Union was organized. 
 
 The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to animals instituted in England. 
 
 If I were an American, as I am an Englishman, while a foreign troop was landed 
 in my country I never would lay down my arms — never! never! never! — fVil/- 
 iam Pitt. 
 
"Cast 1/otir bread on the waters ^ r^ /^ mm That is, help those tvho need 
 and it shall retui'n to you after 1 5|C W ^ help and receive your reward in 
 many days,"— ^ %J j£^ ^Jr well doing. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
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 T 
 
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 S 
 
 
 S 
 
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 January... 
 
 , , 
 
 . , 
 
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 . . 
 
 1 
 
 July 
 
 . . 
 
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 81 
 
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 February.. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 5 
 
 August 
 
 
 1 
 
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 28 
 
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 28 
 
 29 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 . . 
 
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 March 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 September 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 
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 28 
 
 24 
 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
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 April 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 October... 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
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 . . 
 
 1 
 
 
 8 
 
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 9 
 
 
 2 
 
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 80 
 
 
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 80 
 
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 81 
 
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 29 
 
 May 
 
 1 
 
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 8 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 November 
 
 
 . . 
 
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 8 
 
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 14 
 
 
 6 
 
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 MS 
 
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 81 
 
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 , 
 
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 June 
 
 
 
 
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 8 
 
 4 
 
 December 
 
 
 
 
 
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 24 
 
 
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 80 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 80 
 
 31 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 John Quincy Adams and John C. Calhoun, President and Vice-President of the 
 
 United States by vote of the House of Representatives. 
 
 On the 17th of June occurred the fiftieth anniversary of the battle of Bunker Hill 
 
 On April 1st work was commenced on the Thames Tunnel. 
 
 The Erie Canal was completed — total length 363 miles. 
 
 August i6th, first voyage was made in a steam vessel from England to India, for 
 
 a prize of ^^lo 000. 
 
 A council was held by the Creek Indians, bv which their lands in Georgia were 
 
 ceded to the United States, the Indians removing to reservations beyond the 
 
 Mississippi. 
 
 During this year there was great speculative excitement in England, and 
 
 numerous "Bubble Companies" were formed. 
 
 In the United States there was a speculative advance in cotton from twelve to 
 
 thirty-two cents in a few weeks. It was followed by a decline and disastrous 
 
 bankruptcies. 
 
 Smypathy is the golden key that unlocks the hearts of others. — Samuel Smiles. 
 
Take the advise of those tvho 
 have gone over the road— they 
 know the hidden rocks. 
 
 1826 
 
 Answer not a fool according to 
 his folly, lest thou also be like 
 unto him.—Prov. 26-4. 
 
 January... 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 s 
 
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 24 
 
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 36 
 
 37 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
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 . . 
 
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 26 
 
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 39 
 
 30 
 
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 July 
 
 August 
 
 Septemb'r 
 
 October.... 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
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 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
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 30 
 
 HISTOEICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 John Adams and Thomas Jefferson both died on July 4, which was the fiftieth 
 anniversary of American Independence. 
 
 The self-acting mule spinner was invented in England by Roberts 
 
 On the 24th of February, by a treaty with Burmah, England obtained ;^i,ooo 000 
 and a large tract of country. 
 
 The first railroad in the United States built, connecting Quincy, Mass., with 
 Neponset. 
 
 Biela's comet d scovered February 28. 
 
 Great anti-Masonic excitement in western New York, some of the New England 
 states and Pennsylvania. Churches were broken up, political parties dis- 
 rupted, and many went practically mad on the subject of anti-Masonry. 
 One William Morgan, of Batavia, N. Y. , mysteriously disappeared, and 
 Masons were falsely accused of having drowned him in Niagara river. 
 
 On Saturday. April 8th, Henry Clay and John Randolph fought a duel near 
 Washington, neither of them, however, being injured. The cause of the 
 meeting was words which Randolph had made use of when speaking of the 
 coalition of Mr. Adams and Clay, which he designated as a "combination 
 of the Puritan and blackleg." 
 
A. man is Judged by the com- 
 pany he keeps. 
 
 1827 
 
 Whoso walketh tiprightly shall 
 be saved. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 12 
 
 13 
 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
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 17 
 
 18 
 
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 20 
 
 
 21 
 
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 24 
 
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 26 
 
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 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
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 1 
 
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 4 
 
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 . . 
 
 
 
 March 
 
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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 11 
 
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 17 
 
 
 18 
 
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 24 
 
 
 25 
 
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 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
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 April 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 4 
 
 5 
 
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 8 
 
 9 
 
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 13 
 
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 23 
 
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 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
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 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
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 July. 
 
 August 
 
 Septemb'r 
 
 October... 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 15 
 19 
 
 5 
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 2 
 
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 2'9 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On March 25th Capt. Parry started on another attempt to reach the north pole, 
 
 but returned in six months. 
 October 20th the allied fleet destroyed the Turkish-Egyptian fleet at Navarino, 
 
 every vessel of the Turkish fleet being either burned, sunk or disabled. 
 Great Britain, France and Russia guarantee to protect Greece, 
 The corn bill passed by the English Parliament June ist. 
 Completion of the Gloucester and Berkeley Ship Canal, England. 
 Continued bitter agitation of anti-Masons. 
 
 Ludvvig von Beethoven died March 10. He was born December 17 1770. 
 A tariff bill was pissed by the United States Congress during the year, wh'ch 
 created considerable dissatisfaction by many who considered it too pro- 
 tective. 
 If it be possible as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men. — Romans 
 xii, 18. 
 
 In speaking of a person's faults. 
 Pray do not forget your own; 
 Remember that with homes of glass 
 Should seldom throw a stone. 
 

 
 War a good war Jure, lioldiiuj ^ ^ ^^ r^ Be ye therefore merciful, as 
 faith and a good conscience. 1 3lt ^ 5^ your Father also is merciful, 
 -i Tim. I. 18-19. JLOj^O -Liii^e VI. 36. 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 31 
 
 T 
 
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 July 
 
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 8 
 
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 12 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
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 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
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 19 
 
 
 
 20 
 
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 22 
 
 28 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
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 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
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 31 
 
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 . . 
 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
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 February.. 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
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 1 
 
 2 
 
 August 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 8 
 
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 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 8 
 
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 5 
 
 6 
 
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 8 
 
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 1 
 
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 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
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 16 
 
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 19 
 
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 22 
 
 
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 19 
 
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 22 
 
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 April 
 
 
 
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 4 
 
 
 
 
 
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 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
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 12 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
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 18 
 
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 15 
 
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 13 
 
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 17 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
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 5 
 
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 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 
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 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 11 
 
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 18 
 
 14 
 
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 17 
 
 
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 10 
 
 11 
 
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 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
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 22 
 
 28 
 
 24 
 
 
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 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
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 24 
 
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 26 
 
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 28 
 
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 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
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 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 28 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 
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 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 . . 
 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 
 De Witt Clinton died February ii. 
 
 
 Russia declared war against Turkey. 
 
 
 On July 4 the construction of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was begun. 
 
 
 Daniel O'Connell was elected to the British House of Commons from Ireland 
 
 
 July 5- 
 
 
 The Mark Lane (London) Corn Exchange was opened June 2 
 
 
 On October i Emperor Nicholas, of Russia, defeated the Turks at Varna. 
 
 
 March 18 Solomon Southwick was nominated for governor of New York by the 
 
 
 anti-Masons at Batavia; he received only 35 335 votes out of a total of 
 
 
 276,535 which were cast in the state. 
 
 
 The Corporation and Test Act. which obliged the partaking of the Loid's Sup- 
 
 
 per as a qualification for certain offices in England, was repealed during this 
 
 
 Let us proportion our alms to our ability, lest we provoke God to proportion His 
 
 
 . blessings to our alms. — Beveridge. 
 
 
 
 J 
 
TIiou Shalt not commit adul- 
 tery.— Exodus XX. 14. 
 
 1829 
 
 A cheerful look makes every 
 dish a feast.— Messinger. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3i 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 February. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 March. ..;. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
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 18 
 
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 20 
 
 21 
 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
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 31 
 
 . . 
 
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 April 
 
 . . 
 
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 2 
 
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 4 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 18 
 
 
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 23 
 
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 May 
 
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 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 • * 
 
 
 
 
 July 
 
 Aug-ust . 
 
 September 
 
 October... 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 S M T W T F S 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 4 
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 8 
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 22 
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 6 
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 6 
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 7 
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 4 
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 5 
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 3 
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 17 
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 7 
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 4 
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 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
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 6 
 13 
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 27 
 
 4 
 11 
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 4 
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 8 
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 24 
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 7 
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 28 
 
 5 
 12 
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 26 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Sir Humphrey Davy died May 2g. He was born December 17, 1778. 
 
 Andrew Jackson and John C.Calhoun elected President and Vice-President of 
 
 the United States. Number of states voting, 24; total electoral vote 261; 
 
 electoral vote secured by successful candidates, 178; popular vote, 647,231. 
 The institution of slavery abolished in Mexico. 
 John Jay, an American statesman, died May 17. 
 Omnibuses were first used in England during this year. 
 A Spanish army invades Mexico and is defeated. 
 On July 26 first passage of the Balkan Mountains was made by the Russian 
 
 army". 
 Six thousand persons perish by an earthquake in Spain on March 21. 
 September 14. at a conference at Adrianople, peace was declared between Russia 
 
 and Turkey. 
 During this year the Indians of Wisconsin, Georgia and Florida waged a savage 
 
 warfare against the white inhabitants of those states. 
 The very essence of free governments consists in considering offices as public 
 
 trusts, bestowed for the good of the country and not for the benefit of an 
 
 individual or party,— /O/^w C. Calhoun. 
 
Guiltiness will speak, though 
 tongues tvere out of use — Shakespeare 
 
 1830 
 
 Life is too short and Eternity 
 too long to speculate etbout it. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 91 
 
 
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 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 
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 22 
 
 23 
 
 
 24 
 
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 31 
 
 , . 
 
 . . 
 
 
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 , . 
 
 
 February 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 11 
 
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 20| 
 
 
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 24 
 
 25 
 
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 27 
 
 
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 . . 
 
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 March 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
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 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 14 
 
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 20 
 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
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 27i 
 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 April 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 / 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
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 18 
 
 19 
 
 2(> 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 
 May 
 
 . . 
 
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 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
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 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
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 June 
 
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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
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 26 
 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 . . 
 
 
 • • 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November 
 
 Oecember 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 M 
 
 5 
 12 
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 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 
 22 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 *^7 
 
 T W T F S 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
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 19 
 26 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 
 6 
 13 
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 27 
 
 3 
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 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 *^9 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
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 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
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 27 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
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 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Paper envelopes were first used during this year. 
 
 On the 30th of April Turkey acknowledged the independence of Greece. 
 
 James G. Blaine born January 31. 
 
 Treaty made between the United States and Turkey May 7. 
 
 George ly. of England died June 26 
 
 Revolution in France. Charles X dethroned. LaFayette made commander of 
 the National Guard. 
 
 On August 9 Louis Philippe made king of the French. 
 
 General Bolivar, the South American liberator, died December 17. 
 
 Fifth census of the United States taken, showing 12,856,165 population. Num- 
 ber of newspapers published, i 000. Number of postoffices, 8,450. 
 
 The United States mint at Philadelphia completed. 
 
 William IV., the sailor prince, made king of England. 
 
 I hope to find my country in the right; however, I will stand by her. right or 
 wrong. — /. y. Crittenden. 
 
 When a man assumes a public trust he should consider himself as public 
 
 property. Thos. Jeffe^'son. 
 

 To bear is to conquer our fate. "i i^ '^ 'i Beware of a slanderer who 
 —Campbell. J| ^J %3 M ivhetteth his tongue like a sword. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
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 1 
 
 July 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 , . 
 
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 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 *j 
 
 3 
 
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 3 
 
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 9 
 
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 lf> 
 
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 30 
 
 31 
 
 . , 
 
 . , 
 
 . . 
 
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 31 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . , 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 , , 
 
 February- 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 5 
 
 August 
 
 
 1 
 
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 tiO 
 
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 27 
 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 . . 
 
 
 , , 
 
 , . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 , . 
 
 , , 
 
 March 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 September 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 6 
 
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 12 
 
 
 4 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
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 27 
 
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 30 
 
 
 April 
 
 
 . , 
 
 
 
 . , 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 October... 
 
 
 
 , . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
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 2 
 
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 31 
 
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 May 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
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 4 
 
 5 
 
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 7 
 
 November 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 5 
 
 
 8 
 
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 6 
 
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 29 
 
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 , , 
 
 . , 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 
 27 
 
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 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 June 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 4 
 
 December 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 5 
 
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 4 
 
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 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 lames Monroe fifth President of the United States, died July 4. 
 
 The famous trial of Daniel O'Connell began February 12. 
 
 James A. Garfield born November 19. 
 
 The Russians capture Warsaw on September 8, and thus end the freedom of 
 
 Poland. 
 
 First appearance of cholera in England October 26. 
 
 December 27 France abolished hereditary peerage. 
 
 Louis Philippe agrees to give 25.000,000 francs to indemnify the United States 
 
 for spoliations on American commerce made under the operations of- the 
 
 decrees of Napoleon. 
 
 Our country! In her intercourse with foreign nations, may she alwavs be in the 
 
 right; but our country right or wrong.— Stephen Decattir. 
 
 Surely the love of our country is a lesson of reason, not an institution of nature. 
 
 — Bolingbroke. 
 
 It is not not fit the public trusts should be lodged in the hands of any till they 
 
 first be proved and found fit for the business they are to be trusted with. 
 
 — Timothy iii. 
 
 

 The gentleman is solid tnahog- ^ ^ ^ ^^ Whatever makes good Christi- 
 any; the fashionable man is out y E ^L <^ F ans, makes them good citizens. 
 veneer, -J. G. Holland. R\D\J ^ -Daniel Webster, Dec. 22, 1820. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January- 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
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 7 
 
 July 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 10 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 6 
 12 
 
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 13 
 
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 14 
 
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 9 
 
 lO 
 
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 , . 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 February.. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 August 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 , . 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 
 26 
 
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 31 
 
 , , 
 
 March 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 September 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
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 2 
 
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 April 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
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 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 October... 
 
 
 1 
 
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 , , 
 
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 , . 
 
 . , 
 
 
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 May 
 
 . . 
 
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 November 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
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 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 
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 June 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 
 
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 December 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 2 
 
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 , 
 
 23 
 30 
 
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 31 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Goethe, the great German author, died March 22. 
 
 Baron Cuvier, the naturalist, died May j8. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott died September 21. 
 
 Centennial celebration of Washington's birthday February 22 
 
 The final absorption of Poland by Russia was consummated February 26. 
 
 The cholera became a severe epedemic in London, and Fast Day was appointed 
 
 February 6 on account of it. 
 
 Cholera appeared in New York and other eastern cities in June. 
 
 On December 10 Pre^id^fit Jackson issued his stirring proclamation against John 
 
 C. Calhoun and the NuUifiers of South Carolina. 
 
 Prof. Morse conceived th« idea of telegraphy. 
 
 The Black Hawk War under that famous chief raged during this year. The 
 
 Indians were driven west of the Mississippi, and Black Hawk surrendered. 
 
 Because of additional duties imposed South Carolina seceded from the Union. 
 
Enter not into the path of the 
 wicked— 
 
 1833 
 
 And go not in the way of evil 
 
 nien.—Prov. 4-14. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 s 1 
 
 January... 
 
 , . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5| 
 
 
 6 
 
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 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
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 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 February- 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
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 lO 
 
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 . . 
 
 •• 
 
 March 
 
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 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
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 . . 1 
 
 April 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 ^ 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
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 13! 
 
 
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 20! 
 
 
 21 
 
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 25 
 
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 27! 
 
 
 28 
 
 21) 
 
 30 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 May 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 *> 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 5 
 
 <; 
 
 7 
 
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 lO 
 
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 June 
 
 
 . . 
 
 • • 
 
 
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 1 
 
 
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 lO 
 
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 1C> 
 
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 22 
 
 
 28 
 
 24 
 
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 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 July 
 
 Aug"ust 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 M 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 W 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE TEAR. 
 
 Hannah More, the celebrated authoress, died September 7. 
 
 Captain Ross, the explorer, returned to England October 18; after four years' 
 absence in the Arctic regions. 
 
 A magnificent meteoric display occurred on November 13, which created great 
 excitement throughout the United States. 
 
 The compromise bill devised bv Henry Clay, providing for the gradual reduction 
 of duties was passed by Congress, 
 
 President Jackson ordered the removal of deposits from the United States Bank, 
 notwithstanding the strenuous remonstrance of Mr. Duane, who had the 
 funds in charge. There was great excitement regarding the matter, but the 
 President said: " I take the responsibility.'''' 
 
 During this year the Cherokee Indians sell all their lands east of the Mississippi 
 to the United States for $5,000 ooc 
 
 Andrew Jackson (second term). President, and Martin Van Buren, Vice-Presi- 
 dent, were elected. Number of states voting, 24; total electoral vote, 288; 
 successful candidates received 230; popular vote 687,502. 
 
 I am not a Virginian, but an American. — Patrick Henry, Sept., 1774. 
 

 Ian 
 
 1 
 
 A lying tongue is but for a "i O '^ A He that tillefh the 
 
 1 shall 
 
 moment.— Prov. 12-19. J| OO T" have plenty of bread.— Prov. 1 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January- 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 , , 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 July 
 
 , , 
 
 , . 
 
 1 
 
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 . . 
 
 
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 February- 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 Aug-ust 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 March 
 
 . . 
 
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 1 
 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
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 . . 
 
 
 
 2 
 
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 5 
 
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 8 
 
 Septemb'r 
 
 
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 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . , 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 April 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 Oetober... 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 191! 
 
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 June 
 
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 December 
 
 
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 f> 
 
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 . . 
 
 * • 
 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Lucifer matches come into use. 
 
 The Don Carlos revolution broke out in Spain July lo. 
 
 Samuel Taylor Coleridge died; was born October 21, 1772. 
 
 By act of Parliament on August i, nearly 800,000 slaves were set free in the 
 
 British possessions, and ;^2o. 000,000 was paid to the owners. 
 
 Native magistracy was allowed this year in India by England. 
 
 The Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad completed and locomotive engines used 
 
 upon it. 
 
 The English Houses of Parliament were burned October 16, 
 
 General LaFayette died. 
 
 A large amount of emigration sets in through the Territory of Oregon. 
 
 The first white settlement in Wyoming Territory was established this year at 
 
 Fort Laramie. 
 
 Two parties among the Americans of Texas are agitating for an independent 
 
 state, the other adhering to Santa. The war with Mexico was the final result. 
 
 Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. Galatians vi, 7. 
 
 
Turn not to the right hand nor 
 to the left ; remove thy feet from 
 
 evil.-Prov. 4-27. 
 
 1835 
 
 The upright shall dwell in the 
 land and the perfect shall re- 
 main in {t.—Prov. 2-21. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 • « 
 
 , , 
 
 , . 
 
 . . 
 
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 lO 
 
 
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 February.. 
 
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 '4 
 
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 lO 
 
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 March 
 
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 *7 
 
 
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 lO 
 
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 , . 
 
 
 
 
 April 
 
 
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 May 
 
 
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 lO 
 
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 . . '■ 
 
 June 
 
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 ^\ 
 
 
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 lO 
 
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 • • 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October... 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 22 
 29 
 
 6 
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 M T W 
 
 6 
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 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
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 5 
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 2 
 
 9 
 
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 23 
 
 30 
 
 *7 
 14 
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 4 
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 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 22 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 *^2 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
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 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
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 30 
 
 ' 1 
 14 
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 30 
 
 6 
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 20 
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 3 
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 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
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 29 
 
 5 
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 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 3 
 lO 
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 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 *^7 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 S 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 
 22 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 lO 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Francis I, King of Austria, died March 2. 
 
 A disastrous fire occurred in New York City on December i6. destroying 6oo 
 stores, together with many public buildings. The value of property 
 destroyed estimated at $17,000,000. 
 
 On the 17th of December, the President of the United States officially 
 announced to Congress the bequest of James Smithson, of England, of 
 ^100,000 for the founding of "The Smithsonian Institution" at Washington. 
 
 Prof. S. F. B. Morse constructs a short telegraph line and succeeds in sending 
 messages over it. 
 
 Chief Justice Marshall, of the United States Supreme Court, died. 
 
 The doctrine of international arbitration first proposed by William Ladd, of 
 New England. 
 
 The Seminole Indian war commenced near the close of 1835. The government 
 attempted to remove the Indians, according to treaty, west of the Miss- 
 issippi, and they objected. Micanopy, their king, opposed the measure, and 
 Osceola, their most noted chief, said he " wanted to rest with his children in 
 the land of his fathers." 
 

 Ttiou Shalt love the Lord thy "j Q ^ ^ ^^**'* *'*"'* ^^^^ *^^ neigMor as 
 God with all thy heart.-Mark XII.30 1 O O W thyself.-Mark XII. 33, 
 
 January- 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 s 
 
 July 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 w 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 1 
 
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 2 
 
 . . 
 
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 « 
 
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 ■ . . 
 
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 , , 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 . , 
 
 . . 
 
 
 February.. 
 
 . . 
 
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 August 
 
 
 1 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 , , 
 
 . . 
 
 
 March 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 5 
 
 Septemb'r 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 <^ 
 
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 . . 
 
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 . . 
 
 April 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 October... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
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 2 
 
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 jUay 
 
 1 
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 November 
 
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 June 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 December 
 
 
 
 
 
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 25 
 
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 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 David Crocket, a famous frontiersman, born August 17, 1786, was put to death by 
 
 order of Santa Anna, Sept 10, with five others, while defending Ft. Alamo. 
 
 A fire at Washington on December 15 destroyed the Patent Office and Postoffice 
 
 with a large amount of valuable property and many important documents. 
 
 Arkansas admitted into the Union. 
 
 The Indian war in Georgia and Alabama was ended during the year by the 
 
 removal of several thousand Indians west of the Mississippi. 
 
 Important anti slavery movements are inaugurated in the Northern States. 
 
 The Second United States Bank expires by the limitation of its charter, and 
 
 President Jackson successfully opposes its renewal. 
 
 Gen, Sam Houston was made President of Texas, and by his signal defeat of 
 
 Santa Anna at San Jacinto, secures its independence. 
 
 General Thompson and a few friends surprised by Osceola and a small band of 
 
 warriors. All were killed, the general's body being found with fifteen bullet 
 
 holes in it. The Creeks had joined the Seminoles, and several hand-battles 
 
 were fought, in which they lost heavily. The Creeks submitted, and several 
 
 thousands of them were sent west of the Mississippi, according to former 
 
 treaty. 
 
 

 Swearing is a habit and a fool- "i O IJ ^ Do unto others as you would 
 ish habit at that. J| \J \J £ that they should do unto you. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 7 
 
 July 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 S 
 
 9 
 
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 2 
 
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 1(5 
 
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 February- 
 
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 August 
 
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 2(5 
 
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 March 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 5 
 
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 September 
 
 . . 
 
 
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 . . 
 
 
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 April 
 
 2 
 
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 1 
 8 
 
 
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 30 
 
 
 9 
 
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 October. ... 
 
 1 
 
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 30 
 
 
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 28 
 
 May 
 
 . . 
 
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 6 
 
 
 29 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 November 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
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 4 
 
 
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 5 
 
 (5 
 
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 June 
 
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 1 
 
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 26 
 
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 30 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 4 
 
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 10 
 
 December 
 
 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
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 3 
 
 4 
 
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 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 .. ..1 
 
 • . 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 30 
 
 ••1 
 
 .. ..|..| 
 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 . . . . 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 
 
 Martin Van Buren, President of the United States. Number of states voting, 
 
 26; total electoral vote 294, number received by successful candidate, 170; 
 
 popular vote, 761,549. Richard M. Johnson was elected Vice-President bv 
 
 the senate. 
 
 Michigan was admitted into the Union, making the twenty-sixth state 
 
 Great financial distress throughout the United States, 260 heavy failures of busi- j 
 
 •less houses in New York City during May, and extensive ones in all the large 
 
 cities of the Union. | 
 
 William IV . King of England, died June 20, and same date Queen Victoria 
 
 became ruler of England. 
 
 James Madison, third President of the United States, died June 28. 
 
 Elijah P. Lovejoy killed at Alton, 111., on November 7 for boldly publishing 
 
 abolition sentiments. 
 
 The Declaration of Independence made by Texas. 
 
 On September i an extra session of Congress was called by the President to con- 
 
 sider the business distress of the country. 
 
 Osceola, the Seminole chief, placed in prison at Fort Moultrie. 
 
 Chicago incorporated as a city. 
 
 

 WTien the rich man dies what ■ 4^ "^ 4^? The barrel house Irtini took his 
 does he leave behind him. ? 4 \^ \jf \^ first glass in the gin palace. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January- 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 13 
 
 July 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 12 
 
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 February- 
 
 
 
 
 
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 August 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
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 • * 
 
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 . . 
 
 March 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 Septemb'r 
 
 
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 April 
 
 1 
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 2 
 
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 3 
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 4 
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 5 
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 6 
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 7 
 14 
 
 October... 
 
 7 
 
 1 
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 . . 
 
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 28 
 
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 . . 
 
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 May 
 
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 29 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On the 5th of January President Van Buren issued a proclamation against the 
 
 ''Patriots" in the Canadian Rebellion, 
 
 On the 15 of March the Canadian "Patriots" surrendered to United States 
 
 General Wool. j 
 
 Talleyrand died May 17. 
 
 On the 5th of September Grace Darling and her father, lighthouse keeper, heroic- 
 
 ally rescued fifteen passengers from a wreck off the coast of England, 
 
 Ferdinand crowned King of Austria at Milan, September 6, 
 
 Chartist riots in England December 12. 
 
 The Wilkes Exploring Expedition sailed. 
 
 War Steamers first used in England, 
 
 On account of the disputed Maine boundary line, war with Great Britain seemed 
 
 inevitable. 
 
 Set your affections on things above, not on things on the earth — Colossians iii, 2. 
 
 Osceola, the famous Seminole Chief, who had been captured by General Jessup 
 
 and confined in Fort Moultrie, died in January of fever. 
 
 

 Avoid the very appearance of ^ ^ ^ g^ A reputatiomvhich has required 
 evil — evil communications cor- 1 JtL -Z 11 years to build can be destroyed 
 rupt good tnanners. M. V^ %J >^ *** " niom,ewt. 
 
 
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 • • 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Daguerreotypes were first made. 
 
 The Chinese Government destroyed more than 20,000 chests of opium. 
 
 Anti-Corn Law League founded ia England by Richard Cobden and others. 
 
 Treaty made between the kingdoms of Holland and Belgium. 
 
 The first national Whig Convention was held at Harrisburg, Pa., in December. 
 
 Russia grants the rights of citizenship to worthy Jews. 
 
 In July a renewal of the Chartist riots occurred in England. 
 
 The Florida war continued. Gen. Macomb induced a number of the chiefs to sign 
 
 a treaty of peace. The Indians were to remain in the country until assured 
 
 of the prosperous condition of their friends who had emigrated. The treaty 
 
 was broken, murders ensued and finally the government offered a reward 
 
 for every Indian taken dead or alive. 
 
 Though I speak with the tongues of men and angels, and have not charity, I am 
 
 become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. — Corinthians xiii, i. 
 
 

 If two of you shall agree on ^ ^ a £^ It shall he done for them of 
 earth as touching any thing that 1 ^Ik /■ 1 1 **^y Father which is in. heaven, 
 they stialt ash, 1 O T" Vf -Matthew X7III. 19. 
 
 
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 • • 
 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Gen. William Henry Harrison and John Tyler, President and Vice-President of 
 
 the United States. Total electoral vote, 294; number received by successful ; 
 
 candidates, 224; popular vote. 1,275,017. 
 
 Notwithstanding continued business distress there was great political excitement 
 
 throughout the country, it being known as the Log Cabin and Hard Cider 
 
 Campaign. 
 
 The Wilkes Exploring Expedition discover the Antarctic Continent, January 19. 
 
 Stamped postage envelopes were first used in England. 
 
 Lady Hester Stanhope, the English Arab queen in Syria, died June 23. 
 
 The remains of Napoleon Bonaparte brought to Paris and interred. 
 
 Texas recognized as an independent republic by France, England and Belgium. 
 
 Sixth United States census taken show ng a population of 16 069,453. 
 
 Sub-Treasury Bill adopted by Congress. 
 
 In December, Colonel Harnev who had become the terror of the Seminoles, pene- 
 
 trated into the extensive everglades of southern Florida and captured a band 
 
 of forty, nine of whom he caused to be executed for some previous massacre. 
 
 1 
 
 

 Over 44,000 brave Union men ^ ^ a ^ Man's inhumanity to man 
 were left dead on the battle fields 9 Jfc. /f 9 makes cotmtless thousands 
 of the War for the Union. J[ \J *^ ^ mourn.— Burns. 
 
 
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 31 
 
 
 1841 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Harrison and Tyler inaugurated President and Vice-President March 4. 
 
 On Saturday, April 24, President Harrison died and John Tyler succeeded to the 
 
 office. 
 
 The New York Tribune was established by Horace Greeley. 
 
 On March 11 the steamer President sailed from New York to Liverpool with 
 
 'v over one hundred passengers and was never heard from. 
 
 On May 21 the city of Canton was captured by the British army and surrendered 
 
 upon the payment of !f 6,000.000 ranson 
 
 An extra session of Congress convened May 31, at which time the Sub-Treasury 
 
 bill was repealed and a general bankrupt act was passed. 
 
 A charter for a new bank of the United States, passed by Congress was vetoed 
 
 by President Tyler amid great excitement. 
 
 Congress passed a bill August 23 to distribute the proceeds of sale of public 
 
 lands among the several states, according to population. 
 
 I love my country's good with a respect more tender, more holy and profound 
 
 than my own life. — Shakespeare. 
 
 

 Good deeds in this world done, "4 4^ A^ ^% As water on the root 
 Are paid beyond the sun ; ^ ^J T" jggg Is seen above in fruit.— Oriental. 
 
 
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 May 
 
 1 
 
 *^ 
 
 3 
 
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 i^ 
 
 7 
 
 November 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 •^ 
 
 A 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 
 8 
 
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 6 
 
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 June 
 
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 December 
 
 
 
 
 
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 *>2 
 
 23 
 
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 30 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 The '• Ashburton Treaty " concluded August 9. 
 
 An insurrection broke out in Afghanistan against England, and on January 5 
 
 6 000 British troops were surrounded and all but one officer massacred. 
 
 On May 30 an attempt was made to assassinate Queen Victoria. 
 
 The Wilkes Exploring Expedition returned in June, having circumnavigated the 
 
 globe and made important discoveries. 
 
 Grace Darling died October 20 
 
 By the Ashburton Treaty the question of the Maine boundary was amicably set- 
 
 tled. 
 
 The Florida war closed after seven years continuance, and costing the United 
 
 States $40,000,000. 
 
 Labor to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire, conscience. — 
 
 From George Wask'ngton's Copybook. 
 
 Perpetual peace is a mere dream, and not even a beautiful one.— Von Moltke. 
 
 England's wars during the i8th and 19th centuries cost $12,104 855,145. 
 
 
The two P's that are not in har- 
 mony — P-olitics and P-rayers. 
 
 1843 
 
 Slander is poison — A. slander' 
 ous tongue is a serpent's tongue. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 1 
 
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 lO 
 
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 . . 
 
 
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 February- 
 
 . . 
 
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 1 
 
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 41 
 
 
 5 
 
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 lO 
 
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 . . 
 
 
 • • 
 
 . . 1 
 
 March 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
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 4! 
 
 
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 lO 
 
 Ill 
 
 
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 18i 
 
 
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 25 1 
 
 
 2f> 
 
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 31 
 
 • • 1 
 
 April 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1' 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8! 
 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
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 lO 
 
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 22; 
 
 
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 30 
 
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 . . 
 
 May 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
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 lO 
 
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 June 
 
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 27 
 
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 30 
 
 •• 
 
 July 
 
 Aug-ust 
 
 September 
 
 October... 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 M 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 W 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 6 
 1213 
 1920 
 36 27 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 5 6 7 
 121314 
 192021 
 26 27 28 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 5 6 7 
 121314 
 19 20 
 
 26 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 22 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On the 5th of February Pointe a-Pitre, in the West India Islands, was nearly 
 
 destroyed by an earthquake; 14,000 persons perished. 
 On the 28th of February the gun called " The Peacemaker " exploded on the 
 
 United States ship " Princeton " during an excursion on the Potomac river, 
 
 by which the Secretary of State and several other persons were killed. 
 On the 7th of May an earthquake desti-oyed Cape Haytien and 7,000 of its 
 
 inhabitants. 
 The Bunker Hill monument at Boston was completed on June 17th, and a 
 
 magnificent oration delivered by Daniel Webster. 
 The Sandwich Islands after being held by England for some time, were ceded 
 
 back to the authority of the native prince in July. 
 Congress of the United States granted Prof. Morse $30,000 for the construction 
 
 of a telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington. 
 The steamship Missouri, of the United States Navy, was burned at Gibraltar on 
 
 August 25, 1843; |6o,ooo was expended by Congress in removing the 
 sunken hulk from the harbor. 
 
For God, for home, for country » \ ^^ A /i Tliink of your forefathers* —Jobt 
 
 -Frances K Willard. 1 O T" T" QviJaey Adams in 1848. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 w 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 si 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 Jauuary... 
 
 , , 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 July 
 
 . . 
 
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 , , 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 
 February.. 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
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 3 
 
 Augrust 
 
 
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 , , 
 
 
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 31 
 
 March 
 
 , . 
 
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 1 
 
 2 
 
 
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 3 
 
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 9 
 
 Septeiub'r 
 
 1 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 
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 30 
 
 . . 
 
 
 , . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 April 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 October. ... 
 
 . . 
 
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 1 
 
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 3 
 
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 27 
 
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 31 
 
 
 , . 
 
 May 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 November 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 
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 3 
 
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 26 
 
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 , , 
 
 
 24 
 
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 29 
 
 30 
 
 June 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 , . 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 1 
 
 
 , . 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
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 8 
 
 December 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
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 4 
 
 5 
 
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 9 
 
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 8 
 
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 30 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 • • 
 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Thomas W. Dorr incited a rebellion in Rhode Island by attempting to overthrow 
 
 the state government, was arrested, tried and convicted for treason, and 
 
 sentenced to imprisonment for life. 
 
 The first week in February was noted for being excessively cold throughout the 
 
 United States. A canal seven miles long was cut at Boston to pass an 
 
 English steamer to sea. 
 
 On the I2th of February Daniel O'Connell was convicted of conspiracy. 
 
 National Whig convention held at Baltimore in May, when Henry Clay and 
 
 Theodore Frelinghuysen were nominated. 
 
 On June 27th Joe Smith, the Mormon, was murdered by a mob in Carthage 
 
 (Illinois) jail. 
 
 Serious outbreaks and anti-rent demonstrations occur in Rensselaer county, 
 
 New York, during August. 
 
 The 23d of October was set down by the Millerites as the end of the world; 
 
 many people had prepared their ascension robes, and waited in the open air 
 
 for the 
 
 tieav 
 
 ens 
 
 to 
 
 pen 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 The feet of a strange woman ^ ^ a m^ MiffhteoHsness exalteth a nation,' 
 go down to death, her steps take 1 3lk /fl ^^ &«*« sin is a reproach to any peo- 
 hold on hell.-Prov. 5-5. 1 O T* O ple.-Prov. 14-34. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January... 
 
 . , 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 July 
 
 , 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
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 27 
 
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 February.. 
 
 . . 
 
 
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 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 August 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
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 3 
 
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 IB 
 
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 March 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 
 31 
 
 , , 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . , 
 
 . . 
 
 . , 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 September 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
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 14 
 
 15 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 16 
 
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 22 
 
 
 14 
 
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 25 
 
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 30 
 
 31 
 
 . . 
 
 . , 
 
 . 
 
 . . 
 
 , . 
 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 April 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 October. ... 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
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 5 
 
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 19 
 
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 27 
 
 28 
 
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 30 
 
 . . 
 
 ■. . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
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 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 May 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 November 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 
 . . 
 
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 . . 
 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
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 9 
 
 10 
 
 
 2 
 
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 9 
 
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 23 
 30 
 
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 28 
 
 • • 
 
 29 
 
 June 
 
 1 
 
 fl; 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 8 
 
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 14 
 
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 21 
 
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 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 
 29 
 
 * 
 
 30 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 '^,^. 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Important reciprocal treaty between the United States and China consummated 
 
 in January. 
 
 Texas annexed to the United States on March i. 
 
 Ex-President and General Andrew Jackson died June 8. 
 
 On June 2o over 500 Moors suffocate in a cavern rather than surrender to the 
 
 French. 
 
 The iron steamship "Great Britain" sailed from Liverpool for New York Julv 26. 
 
 Florida admitted to the Union. 
 
 The United States sub-treasury was restored. 
 
 European emigration to the United States begins to greatly increase 
 
 James K. Polk and George M. Dallas, President and Vice-President of the United 
 
 States. Number of States voting. .26; total electoral vote, 290; number cast 
 
 for successful candidates, 170; popular vote, i 337.243. 
 
 The United States Naval Academy at Annapolis was opened. 
 
 The union of hearts, the union of hands and the flag of our Union forever.™ 
 
 0. P. Morris. 
 
 
Me that oppresseth the poor to 
 increase his riches shall sttrelif 
 come to want.—Prov. 22-16. 
 
 1846 
 
 A tvord fitly sjioken is like 
 apples of gold in pictures of 
 
 silver.— Prov. 25-11. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January- 
 
 , . 
 
 , . 
 
 , , 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 
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 31 
 
 February.. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
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 6 
 
 7 
 
 
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 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
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 28 
 
 March 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
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 5 
 
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 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 lO 
 
 11 
 
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 13 
 
 14' 
 
 
 15 
 
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 24 
 
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 28| 
 
 
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 . . 
 
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 , . 
 
 April 
 
 . . 
 
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 . . 
 
 1 
 
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 4 
 
 
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 9 
 
 lO 
 
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 20 
 
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 \ 
 
 May 
 
 . . 
 
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 . . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
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 4 
 
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 7 
 
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 9 
 
 
 lO 
 
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 . . 
 
 , . 
 
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 June 
 
 . . 
 
 1 
 
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 30 
 
 
 
 
 • * 
 
 July 
 
 Aug-ust . 
 
 September 
 
 October.... 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 EHas Howe secured patent on his invention of sewing machine, September lo. 
 
 Declaration of war with Mexico by the United States. 
 
 On January 13 the beginning of the war with Mexico was opened by the advance 
 of the United States troops under General Taylor to the Rio Grande, 
 
 May 8, the victorious battle of Palo Alto. 
 
 May g, the battle of Resaca de la Palma, after which General Taylor took pos- 
 session of Matamoras. 
 
 The northern boundary line of the United States was fixed at 49° north latitude, 
 by a treaty with Great Britain, at Washington in June. 
 
 The Corn laws of England were repealed June 26. 
 
 General Fremont occupied California July 4. 
 
 Monterey was captured September 21. 
 
 Smithsonian Institution was founded at Washington. 
 
 Iowa admitted into the Union, 
 
 Wilmot Proviso discussed in Congress. 
 
 Gun cotton invented. 
 
 Famine in Ireland. 
 
He who believes in nobody ^ ^ a ^w Se is no tvise man who will 
 knows that he himself is not to 1 ItL ^^ J quit a certainty for an uncer- 
 
 be trusted.— Auerbach. J| %J ■" Jf tainty.—The Idler. 
 
 January... 
 
 February.. 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
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 3 
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 HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Postage stamps first used in the United States. 
 
 Battle of Churabusco between General Scott and Santa Anna, August 2o. 
 
 Thomas A. Edison, the distinguished inventor, born at Milan, Ohio. 
 
 On February i8. the United States ship "Macedon" was sent to Ireland with 
 breadstuffs for the starving population, there being among other causes a fail- 
 ure of the potato crop. 
 
 February 23, battle of Buena Vista, General. Taylor defeating a Mexican army 
 four times as large as his own. 
 
 March 16, capture of San Juan d'UUoa by General- Scott. 
 
 April 18. battle of Cerro Gordo. 
 
 Daniel O'Connell died May 15. 
 
 September 13, capture of Chapultepec and the City of Mexico by the victorious 
 troops of General Scott. 
 
 In July the canal from Durance to Marseilles opened, being 83 000 meters long, 
 of which 17,000 meters were subterranean passages beneath the Alps. 
 
 King Frederick William of Prussia gave his subjects a constitution. 
 
 Thomas Wilson Dorr, who was sentenced to imprisonment for life, released 
 ij-nder an act of general amnesty. 
 

 The ants are a people, not strong ^ ^ a ^\ Seest thou a mart hasty in his 
 
 and yet they prepare their meat | 3l^ /■ 3^ words? There is more hope for 
 
 in the summer.-rrov. XAl. Hb. J| %J "T" KJ a fool than ofhim.—iTov. JiXlX. HV. 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 1 Wisconsin admitted into the Union. 
 
 ! French revolution. Louis Philippe expelled. 
 
 i John Quincy Adams died February 23, at Washington. 
 
 1 In June the city of Paris was in a state of siege, and General Cavaignac made 
 
 Dictator, suppressing a great insurrection. 
 
 Gold was discovered on the American fork of the Sacramento in California 
 
 January 14. Crowds of adventurers flock there. 
 
 ohn Jacob Astor died March 29. 
 
 uly 4 President Polk announced peace with Mexico. 
 
 The Niagara Suspension Bridge opened July 30. 
 
 December 20 Louis Napoleon was elected President of the French Republic. 
 
 The Guadalupe-Hida'go treaty signed, by which New Mexico and California were 
 
 ceded to the United States. 
 
 National convention of the Free Soil party held in Buffalo, N. Y.. August 9, 
 
 •nominated Martin Van Buren and Charles Francis Adams for President and 
 
 Vice President 
 
 I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer.— t/, S. Grant, 
 
 May II, 1864. 
 
 

 Rtim and Ruin go hand in ^ ^x a g^ The Club Mouse with liquors 
 hand— abstain from the one and 1 3|C ^ ll and gaming is the Devil's Kin- 
 escape the other. ^ \J T" >r dergarden. 
 
 
 s 
 
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 January... 
 
 
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 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 The year opened with a struggle in Hungary for independence, headed by Louis 
 
 Kossuth. 
 
 In April Russia lends assistance to Austria to crush Hungary. 
 
 The Forrest and Macready riots in New York quelled by the military May lo. 
 
 Cholora appeared in New York May 15. 
 
 James K. Polk died June 15. 
 
 The ''Associated Press " formed in New York City, and Reuter's Telegram 
 
 Company established in London. 
 
 Zachary Tavlor and Millard Fillmore President and Vice President of the United 
 
 States. Number of states voting, 30; total number of* electoral votes, 290; 
 
 number cast for successful candidates, 163; popular vote, 1,360,101. 
 
 California adopted a constitution. 
 
 United States Department of the Interior organized. 
 
 Surrender of the Hungarian General, Gorgey, to the Russians, and end of the 
 
 Hungarian revolution. 
 
 Be just and fear not; let all the ends thou aim'st at be thy country's, thy God's 
 
 and truth — Shakespeare. 
 
 
Blessings are upon the head of 
 
 the Just.—Prov. 10-6. 
 
 1850 
 
 Sear instruction and be wise 
 and refuse it not.—Prov. 8-33. 
 
 January.. 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May. 
 
 June 
 
 s 
 
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 T 
 
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 s! 
 
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 Septemb'r 
 
 October. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
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 7 
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 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
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 2 
 
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 16 
 
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 30 
 
 6 
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 4 
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 28 
 
 HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 William Wordsworth died April 23; was born April 7, 1770, 
 
 On May 4 nearly the whole of San Francisco destroyed by fire. 
 
 President Zachary Taylor died July 9 
 
 The Territory of Utah was formed. 
 
 The Austrian General, Haynau, was attacked by London workmen for brutal 
 treatment of Hungarians. 
 
 At this time the total area of the United States was 3.016,013 square miles. 
 
 On September 12 the Fugitive Slave bill was passed by the United States Con- 
 gress. September 16 the slave trade suppressed in Washington. 
 
 A disunion meeting was held at Natchez, Miss., October 7, which, however, met 
 with considerable opposition. 
 
 The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty passed. 
 
 Large Union meetings were held throughout the Union in view of the opposition 
 to the Fugitive Slave bill. 
 
 California admitted into the Union. 
 
 Seventh United States census taken, showing 23.191,876 population. 
 
 Very few in public affairs act with a view to the good of mankind. — Ffanklin. 
 
A strange woman's mouth is 
 smoother than oil — her feet go 
 dotvn to death. — Prov, 5. 
 
 1851 
 
 Trying lips are an abomination 
 to the Lo^td, but th^y that deal 
 truly are his delight.— Prov. 12-22. 
 
 January... 
 
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 Septemb'r 
 
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 27 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Louis Jacques Daguerre, inventor of the daguerreotype, died July 12. 
 
 James Fennimore Cooper died September 14. 
 
 John James Audubon died January 27. 
 
 On February 3. Gen. Quitman was arrested by the United States Marshal for 
 
 fitting out an expedition against Cuba. 
 A second large fire broke out in San Francisco June 22. Five hundred houses 
 
 burned. 
 The Lopez revolutionary party sailed for Cuba August 4. After a few days' 
 
 fighting all were captured, and the leader garroted by the Spanish author- 
 ities. 
 Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot, visited the United States in December, 
 
 and by his eloquence was warmly received, and his cause secured many 
 
 warm friends. 
 Louis Napoleon became Emperor of the French by a coup d'etat on the 2d of 
 
 December. 
 United States letter postage reduced to three cents. 
 Maine liquor law passed 
 Rum and Ruin go hand in hand. 
 
Whatsoever ye shall bind on 
 earth shall he bound in heaven f 
 
 1852 
 
 Whatsoever ye shall loose on 
 earth shall he loosed in heaven. 
 
 —Matthew XVIIL 18. 
 
 
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 January... 
 
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 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
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 31 
 
 February.. 
 
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 HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and Duke of Wellington died. 
 
 By the new Constitution of France, Louis Napoleon was made President of the 
 
 Republic for ten years. 
 Sir Thomas Moore died February 26. He was born in 1779. 
 In April Gov. Bigler. in a message, called attention to the wholesale importation 
 
 of Chinese coolies. 
 Electric telegraph communication was opened between England and Ireland, 
 
 June I. 
 The great international Exposition opened in London, July 14. 
 The second Free-Soil National Convention was held at Pittsburg, Pa., when 
 
 John P. Hale and George W. Julian were nominated for President and Vice- 
 President. 
 The steamer Atlantic was lost on Lake Erie, August 20, with 250 passengers. 
 The United Stales purchased a large tract of land in Minnesota from the Sioux 
 
 Indians. 
 Avoid a villain as you would a brand, which, lighted, burns; extinguished, smuts 
 
 the hand. — Oriental. 
 

 **If we have ant/ enemies liord ■ €^ C ^ -''* "** name of our God we will 
 
 forgive them."— Father's daily pi ay er. J| \3 ^ t^ set up our banners — Ps. XX-5. 
 
 
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 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
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 6 
 
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 9 
 
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 10 
 
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 24 
 
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 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 18 
 
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 15 
 
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 14 
 
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 2 
 
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 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 13 
 
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 11 
 
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 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
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 8 
 
 
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 9 
 
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 29 
 
 30 
 
 
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 30 
 
 24 
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 25 
 
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 29 
 
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 1 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 9 
 
 3 
 10 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 5 
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 6 
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 6 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
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 13 
 
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 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 28 
 
 29 
 
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 June 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 December 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 11 
 
 
 4 
 
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 18 
 
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 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 ^? 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On the nth of January, Russia, Austria and Prussia acknowledged Louis Napo- 
 
 leon as Emperor of France. 
 
 An insurrection was commenced in Italy headed by Mazzini, which proved un- 
 
 successful. 
 
 The circulation of Uncle Tom's Cabin was forbidden in Italy. 
 
 The Martin Koszta case occurred in June, when that individual was demanded 
 
 by Capt Ingraham from an Austrian man of war in the harbor of Smyrna 
 
 as an alleged American citizen. 
 
 Commodore Perry made an important treaty of peace and commerce with 
 
 Japan. 
 On July 14 an International Exhibition opened in the Crystal Palace, New 
 
 York. 
 
 From August 11 to 14, inclusive, intense heat prevailed throughout the United 
 
 States, 400 deaths from it having occurred in New York City alone during 
 
 the four days. 
 
 The United States paid Mexico $10,000,000 for territory included in the Gadsden 
 
 purchase. 
 
 One country 
 
 , on 
 
 e cc 
 
 )nst] 
 
 tuti 
 
 on, 
 
 one 
 
 dest 
 
 iny. — Daniel I 
 
 Vebs 
 
 ter. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
If yoxi are going in the wrong 
 direction, turn about and go the 
 other way. 
 
 1854 
 
 Tlie proper sort of light read- 
 ing is like palatable dressing foi' 
 a Thanksgiving Turkey. 
 
 January... 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May... 
 
 June.... 
 
 s 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 ■^l 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
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 18 
 
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 20 
 
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 31 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
 . . 
 
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 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
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 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 2 
 
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 9 
 
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 6 
 
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 8 
 
 9 
 
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 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 •• 
 
 July 
 
 August... 
 
 September 
 
 October. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 S M 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
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 3 
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 24 
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 4 
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 16 
 
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 18 
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 4 
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 22 
 
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 5 
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 24 
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 21 
 
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 5 
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 5 
 12 
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 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 4 
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 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 22 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
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 6 
 13 
 20 
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 3 
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 17 
 24 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 21 
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 5 
 12 
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 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 14 
 21 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
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 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
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 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
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 23 
 
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 4 
 11 
 18 
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 9 
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 23 
 30 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 On April 11 Russia declared war against the allied powers of France and 
 
 England, 
 Battle of the Alma Wednesday, Septerriber 20. 
 
 On July 13 Commodore Hollins bombarded Greytown, Nicaraugua. 
 The Missouri Compromise repealed May 24. 
 The Collins' steamer " Arctic " sunk by a collision September 27, and more than 
 
 300 lives lost. 
 Relics of Sir John Franklin discovered October 20. 
 Historic charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava October 25. 
 The Kansas-Nebraska Bill passed by Congress. 
 
 Havana authorities illegally seize the American steamship " Black Warrior." 
 Reciprocity treaty adopted by England and the United States. 
 The tongue can no man tame; it is an unruly evil. — James iii, 8. 
 With malice towards none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God 
 
 gives us to see the right. — Lincoln^ March 4, i86j. 
 

 The sluggard cannot thrive— ^ ^ pn pv Hoys! Don't swear— don't drinh 
 his last days shall he a curse to 1 5^ t^ N^ —don't smoke. Keep mouth and 
 him. Jl yy \J t^ bo*^if clean. 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Nicholas I, Czar of Russia, died March 2. 
 
 Locomotive with train of cars first crossed the Niagara Suspension Bridge 
 
 Wednesday, March 14. 
 
 The Paris Exhibition opened by Louis Napoleon May 15. 
 
 Abbott Lawrence died August 18. 
 
 On the 8th of September Sebastopol was evacuated bv the Russian army and 
 
 occupied by the allies. 
 
 Dr. Kane was brought home from his Arctic exploration October 11. 
 
 On December 23 the English exploring ship, " Resolute," was found floating in 
 
 the Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 The Panama Railroad was completed. 
 
 Suspicions may arise from naught 
 
 But malice, envy, want of thought; 
 
 " They say," — Well, suppose they do, 
 
 But can they prove this story true? 
 
 He who believes in nobody knows that he himself is not to be irusitd.— A uerbach. 
 
Remember the sabbath day, to 
 keep it holy.— Exodus XX. 8. 
 
 1856 
 
 TTiou Shalt not bear false witness 
 against thy neighbor.— Exodus XX. 16 
 
 January... 
 
 February, 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
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 June. 
 
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 27 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 The-ColHns' steamship " Pacific" sailed from Liverpool to New York on 
 ary 23. and no tidings of her ever received. 
 
 Janu- 
 
 Henriche Heine died February 18. 
 
 Second treaty of peace, closing Crimean War. signed at Paris, March 30. 
 
 National Democratic Convention met at Cincinnati, and nominated James 
 Buchanan and John C. Breckinridge for President and Vice-President. 
 
 The first National Kepublican Convention met on June 17, at Philadelphia, and 
 nominated John C. Fremont and William L. Dayton for President and Vice- 
 President. 
 
 In May vigilance committees were organized in San Francisco to maintain public 
 order, and murderous characters were summarily dealt with. 
 
 Charles Sumner was assaulted by Preston Brooks in the Senate Chamber, at 
 Washington. May 22. 
 
 On July 12 the Crimea was evacuated by the allies. 
 
 Submarine telegraph cable laid across the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
 Serious political disturbances in Kansas between the Pro-Slavery and the Free 
 Soil parties. 
 
A drtinkard is outlawed hy 
 himself. 
 
 1857 
 
 Yoti are only sure of TODAY. 
 Tomorrow NEVER com,es. 
 
 January . 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May- 
 
 June.-. 
 
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 26 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Dred Scott decision of the United States Supreme Court, issued March 1, creating 
 
 great excitement throughout the country. 
 James Buchanan and John C. Breckinridge, President and Vice-President of the 
 
 United Slates. Number of States voting, 31; total electoral votes 296, of 
 
 which Buchanan received 174. Popular vote — Buchanan, 1,838,169; Fremont, 
 
 1,341,264 
 Dr. E. E Kane, the Arctic explorer, died February 16. 
 Indian mutiny breaks out among the Sepoys in India. 
 Upon the failure of the Ohio Life and Trust Company a financial panic begun 
 
 throughout the country, and on September 21 the banks suspended specie 
 
 payments 
 Representatives of European powers, assembled in Paris, presented Samuel F. 
 
 B. Morse with 400 000 francs, in acknowledgment of his services for the 
 
 invention of the electric telegraph. 
 Mountain Meadow Massacre of emigrants by the Mormons. 
 To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace. — 
 
 Washington to Congress, Jamtary 8^ J 7 90. 
 
An honest man is still an un- ■ 1^ |^ €^ If I lose mine honor, I lose 
 moved rock — Davenport. M C3 ^ ^5 myself,— Shakespeare. 
 
 
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 January... 
 
 
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 October... 
 
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 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 
 26 
 
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 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Thomas H. Benton, author of ''Thirty Years in the Senate," died April lo 
 
 John A. Washington contracted to sell Mount Vernon to the Mount Vernon 
 
 Ladies' Association for $200,000. 
 
 The first telegraph message sent over the Atlantic cable August 16 
 
 September i grand celebration of telegraph communications between America 
 
 and England. 
 
 The first overland mail arrived in St. Louis from San Francisco October 9. 
 
 Minnesota admitted to the Union. 
 
 November 28 the yacht Wanderer landed 300 African slaves near Brunswick, Ga 
 
 Steam fire engines first introduced into eastern cities. 
 
 Imprision not 
 
 Within thy breast 
 
 Needless germs of sorrow. 
 
 The storm to-day, 
 
 With fury bent 
 
 Precedes sunshine to-morrow. 
 
 —Emma Thompson. 
 
 
ITortiiiies have been tost by put- 
 ting off for a more convenient 
 season. 
 
 1859 
 
 On the question of JEJtt^rnal life 
 do not speculate — it is too mo- 
 mentous. 
 
 
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 31 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Macaulay, the historian, died December 28; was born October 25, 1800. 
 
 Alexander Humboldt died May 6, was born September 14, 1769. 
 
 Washington Irving died November 28; was born April 3, 1783. 
 
 Death of Gen. Havelock, November 24. 
 
 Austria declared war against France April 29, and crossed the Ticino. 
 
 June 4, Battle of Magenta. 
 
 Battle of Solferino, June 24 
 
 First national banquet held by Americans in Paris, July 4. 
 
 August 28, splendid Auroral displays. 
 
 John Brown was hanged on December 2 at Charleston, Va., for inciting slaves 
 
 to insurrection. 
 Anti-slavery sentiment growing throughout the Union. 
 Oregon admitted as a state. 
 The English and French were repulsed by the Chinese while undertaking the 
 
 passage of the Peiho. 
 We join ourselves to no party that does not carry the flag and keep step to the 
 
 music of the Union. — Rufus Choate. 
 
He who serves his party best 
 serves his country best, — R, B. 
 
 Hayes, March 5, 1877. 
 
 I860 
 
 No government is safe unless it 
 is protected by the good will of 
 
 the people.— Nepos. 
 
 
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 5f 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Eighth United States census taken, showing 31 443 321 population. 
 
 On May 16 the Repub ican National Convention met at Chicago and nominated 
 
 Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin for President and Vice-President 
 
 of the United States. 
 June 18. Independent Democratic National Convention at Baltimore. Stephen 
 
 A. Douglas and Herschell V. Johnson nominated for President and Vice- 
 President. 
 The regular National Democratic Convention was held at Charleston. S C , 
 
 where John C Breckinridge and Joseph Lane were nominated for President 
 
 and Vice-President. 
 December 20 South Carolina passed an ordinance of secession from the Federal 
 
 Union. 
 December 26 Major Anderson evacuated Fort Moultrie, in Charleston Harbor, 
 
 with his garrison, and occupied Fort Sumter. 
 December 28 the Palmetto flas? was raised on the government buildings at 
 
 Charleston, and Castle Pinckey and Fort Moultrie were occupied by state 
 
 troops. 
 

 Withhold not good from those to "i i^ ^L 't When it is the power of thy 
 whom it is due— i O vl Jl hand to do it.-Prov. 3-27. 
 
 
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 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 NAflES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 On January 2 Mississippi seceded from the Union, soon after followed by all the 
 
 Southern States. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin inaugurated President and Vice- 
 
 President of the United States. Number of States voting 33. Total electoral 
 
 vote 303, of which Lincoln received 180; Breckinridge 72, and Douglas, 12. 
 
 Of popular vote Lincoln received 1,866,352; Douglas, 1,375 157, and 
 
 Breckinridge, 845.763. 
 
 In Januarv there was a general seizure of United States property in the South- 
 
 ern States by the Confederates. 
 
 April 15 President Lincoln calls for 75,000 men to put down the Rebellion. 
 
 Col. E. E. Ellsworth was killed at Alexandria, Va., May 24. 
 
 Hon. Stephen A. Douglas died at Chicago June 3. 
 
 Continued on next page.) 
 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1861-Continued. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 November 8 Slidell and Mason taken from the English steamer "Trent." 
 
 Kansas admitted into the Union. 
 
 Prince Albert of England died December 14. 
 
 April, 1861— 12th, Bombardment of Fort Sumter, S. C; 15th, evacuation 
 of Fort Sumter, S. C. ; 19th, riots in Baltimore, Md. 
 
 May 10th, Camp Jackson, Mo.; riots in St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 June 1st, Fairfax C. H., Va. ; 3d. Phillippi, W. Va. ; 10th, Great Bethel. Va.; 
 11th, Romney. W. Va.; 17th, Vienna, Va. ; Boonville, Mo.; Edwards' Ferry, 
 Md.; 18th, Camp Cole, Mo.; 26th, Patterson Creek or Kelley's Island, Va. 
 
 July 2d, Falling Waters, Md ; 6th, Carthage or Dry Forks, Mo.; Newport News, 
 Va.; 6th. Middle Creek Fork, W. Va.; 7th, Great Falls, Va.; 8th. Laurel Hill 
 or Bealington, W. Va,; 10th, Monroe Station, Mo.; nth. Rich Mountain, 
 Va.; 12th, Barboursville or Red House, Va.; Beverly. W. Va.; 14th, Carrick's 
 Ford, W. Va ; 16th, Millsville or Wentzville, Mo.; 16th, Fulton, Mo ; 
 Scarrytown, W. Va. ; Martinsburg, Mo.; Bunker Hill, Va. : 18th, Blackburn's 
 Ford Va.; 18ch and l9th. Harrisonville and Parkersville, Mo.; Blst, Bull Run 
 or Manassas. Va. Union 481 killed, 1,011 wounded. 1,460 missing and cap- 
 tured. Confederate 269 killed, 1.483 wounded. Confederate Brig. Gen'ls 
 Bee and Barton killed: 22d Forsyth, Mo.; 24th, Blue Mills, Mo.; 26th, Lane's 
 Prairie, near Rolla, Mo.; 27th, Fort Fillmore, N. Mex. 
 
 Aagust 2d, Dug Springs, Mo.; 3d, Messilla, N. Mex; 5th, Athens, Mo.; 
 Point of Rocks, Md. ; 7th, Hampton, Va.; 8th, Lovettsville, Va. ; 10th, Wil- 
 son's Creek, Mo. Union 223 killed, 721 wounded, 291 missing. Con- 
 federate 265 killed, 800 wounded, 30 missing. Union Brig.-Gen. Nathaniel 
 Lyon killed; Potosi, Mo.; 17th, Brunswick, Mo; 19th, Charleston or Bird's 
 Point, Mo.; 20th, Hawk's Nest, Vv". Va.; 26th, Cross Lanes or Summerville, 
 W. Va.; 27th, Ball's Cross Roads, Va.; 28th and 29th, Fort Hatteras, N. C; 
 29th, Lexington, Mo.; 31st, Munson's Hill, Va. 
 
 September 1st, Bennett's Mills' Mo.; Boone C. H., W. Va. ; 2d, Dallas, 
 Mo., Dry Wood or Fort Scott, Mo.; Beher's Mills; 10th, Carnifex Ferry; 
 11th, Lewinsville, Va.; 12th, Black River, near Ironton, Mo.; 12th and 13th, 
 Cheat Mountain, W. Va.; 13th, Boonville, Mo.; 14th, Confederate Privateer 
 •'Judah " destroyed near Pensacola, Fla., by the United States Fagship 
 "Colorado;" 15th, Pritchard's Mills, or Darnestown, Va. ; 12th to 20th, 
 Lexington, Mo.; 17th, Morristown, Mo.; Blue Mills, Mo.; 18th, Barbour- 
 ville, W. Va.; 21st and 22d, Papinsville or Osceola, Mo.; 22d Eliotts' Mills 
 or Camp Crittenden, Mo.; 23d, Romney or Hanging Rock, W. Va.; 25th, 
 Chapmansville, W. Va. ;26th, Lucas Bend, Ky.; 29th, Camp Advance, 
 Munson's Hill, Va. 
 
 October 3d, Greenbrier, W. Va.; 4th, Alamosa, near Fort Craig, N. 
 Mex.; Buffalo Hill, Ky.; 8th, Hillsboro,' Ky.; 9th, Santa Rosa, Fla.; 12th, 
 Cameron, Mo. ; Upton Hill, Ky.; Bayles' Cross Roads, La.; 13th, Beck- 
 with Farm (12 miles from Birds' Point), Mo.; 15th, Big River Bridge, near 
 Potosi, Mo. ; Lime Creek, Mo.; 16th, Bolivar Heights, Va.; Warsaw, Mo.; 
 17th to 21st, Fredericktown and Ironton, Mo. ; 19th, Big Hurricane Creek, 
 Mo.; 21st, Ball's Bluff, also called Edward's Ferry, Harrison's Landing, 
 Leesburg,Va; Union 223 killed, 226 wounded; Confederate 36 killed, 264 
 wounded, 445 Union captured and missing; Union Acting Brig.-Gen. E. D. 
 Baker killed.; 22d, Buffalo Mills, Mo.; West Liberty, Ky.; Hodgeville, 
 Ky.; 25th, Zagonyi's Charge, Springfield, Mo.; 26th, Romney or Mill 
 Creek xMills W. Va.; Saratoga, Ky.; 27th, Plattsburg. Mo.; 29th, Wood- 
 bury and Morgantown, Ky. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1861— Continued. 
 
 NAHES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 NOTember 1st, Renick, Randolph Co., Mo.; 6th, Little Santa Fe, Mo.; 
 7th, Belmont, Mo.; Union 90 killed, 173 wounded, 235 missing; Confed- 
 erate 261 killed, 427 wounded, 278 missing; Galveston Harbor, Tex. ; Port 
 Royal, S. C; Bombardment by United States Naw; 9th, Piketown or Fry 
 Mountain, Ky.; 10th, Guyandott, W. Va.; Gauley Bridge, W. Va.; 11th, 
 Little Blue, Mo.; 12th. Occoquan Creek, Va.; 17th, Cypress Bridge, Ky.; 
 18th, Palmyra, Mo.; 16th, Wirt C. H., W. Va.; 23d, Fort Pickens, Pensa- 
 cola, Fla.; 24th, Lancaster, Mo.; 26th, Little Blue, Mo.; Drainesville, Va.; 
 29th, Black Walnut Creek, near Sedalia, Mo. 
 
 December 3d, Salem, Mo.; Vienna, Va.; 4th, Anandale, Va.; Dunks- 
 burg, Mo. , 11th, Bertrand, Mo ; 13th, Camp, Allegheny; 17th, Rowlett's 
 Station, also called Mumfordsville; 18th, Milford; 20th, Drainesville, Va.; 
 21st, Hudson, Mo.; 22d, Newmarket Bridge, Va.; 24th, Wadesburg, Mo.; 
 28th, Sacramento, Ky. ; Mt. Zion, Mo. 
 
 The ' ' grog " ration was abolished in 1863, and since then the crew has been 
 forbidden to drink while on duty. 
 
 Marines are the police on board ship. Originally they were employed to 
 prevent mutiny among the sailors. 
 
 The guns of a battleship can carry from six to twelve miles, hurling a shot 
 weighing half a ton. 
 
 Behind the heavy armor there is a padding of either corn pith or cocoa 
 husks. 
 
 It costs $500 every time one of the big guns on board a ship is fired. 
 
 Sailors are paid from $9.50 to $12.50 per month and board. 
 
 An act of congress in 1872 abolished flogging in the navy. 
 
 The American navy has practically all been built since 1883. 
 
 A captain in the navy ranks with a colonel in the army. 
 
 The oldest iron vessel is the Michigan, built in 1844. 
 
 Five battleships are now under construction. 
 
 The ships are painted white, except in time of war, when they are green. 
 
 Barnacles form on the hull of a ship, impeding its speed. Six months' cruise 
 will decrease the speed of a ship 15 per cent., and it must go into dry dock. 
 
 Sixty-one merchant vessels belong to the auxiliary navy. These ships are 
 subsidized, and by contract must be given to the United States on demand. 
 
 Some of the guns in the navy can fire a shot twelve miles, farther than 
 a man can see, for the guns are aimed and sighted by machinery. 
 
 Five hundred and twenty-six men and forty officers are required to man 
 the cruiser New York. 
 
 Battleships are covered with armor of nickel steel from five to seven 
 inches thick. 
 
 We have six armored battleships — the Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, 
 Texas, Kearsage and Kentucky. 
 
 A submarine torpedo boat, to be known as the Plunger, is now under 
 construction. 
 
 Projectiles thrown by naval guns are shaped much as the bullets shot by 
 the ordinary rifle. 
 
 A big battleship has on board an electric plant capable of lighting a town 
 of 5,000 inhabitants. 
 
 The boilers of the Iowa have a heating surface of eight acres, and hold 
 thirty-two tons of water. 
 
 The Kearsarge and Kentucky have just been added to our fleet of battle- 
 ships. 
 
Hatred stirreth tip strifes^love 
 covereth all sins.—Prov. 10-12. 
 
 1862 
 
 The lip of truth shall be estab- 
 lished forever.— Prov. 12-19. 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 NAniiS AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 There was a great advance in gold coin in the United States, the premium in 
 December reaching 134. 
 
 West Virginia was admitted into the Union. 
 
 January, 1862, ist, Port Royal, S. C ; 4th, Huntersville, Va.; Bath, Va. ; Alpine 
 Station and Hancock. Calhoun, Mo.; 7th Blue Gap, near Romney Va.; Jennies 
 Creek, Ky,; 8th, Charleston. Mo.; Dry Forks, Cheat River, W. Va.; Silver 
 Creek, Mo.; gth, Columbus, Mo ; loth, Middle Creek and Prestonburg, Ky ; 
 19th and 2oth.Mill Springs, Ky ; Confed Gen. F. K. Zollikoffer killed; 22d, 
 Knob Noster. Mo.; 29th Occoquan Bridge, Va. 
 
 February 1st. Bowling Green. Ky.; 6th. Fort Henry, Tenn.; U. S. Gunboats 
 "Essex." "Carondelet," "St. Louis." "Cincinnati," "Conestoga," 'Tyler" 
 and "Lexington." 8th, Linn Creek. Va.; loth, Elizabeth City, or Cobb's 
 Point, N. C; 13th, Blooming Gap, Va ; 14th. Flat Lick Fords, Ky.; r4th. 
 15th and 16th, Fort Donnelson, Tenn. Union 446 killed, 1,735 wounded, 150 
 
 (Continued on next page.) 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1862-Contiiiued. 
 
 NAHES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 missing. Confederate 231 killed, 1,007 wounded, 18,829 prisoners. Union 
 Major-General John A. Logan wounded. 17th, Pea Ridge, Mo.; 18th, Inde- 
 pendence, Mo.; 2ist, Fort Craig, N. Mex.; 24th, Mason's Neck, Occoquan, 
 Va.; 26th Keytesville, Mo. 
 
 March 2d, Pittsburg Landing, Tenn.; 3d, New Madrid, Mo.; 5th, Gccoquan, Va. ; 
 6th, 7th and bth, Pea Ridge, Ark., including engagements at Bentonville, 
 Leetown and Elkhorn Tavern. Union 206 killed. 972 wounded, 174 miss ng. 
 Confederate 1,100 killed, 2,500 wounded, 1,600 missing and captured. Union 
 Brigadier-General Asboth and Acting Brigadier-General Carr wounded. 
 Confederate Brigadier-General B. McCulloch and Acting-Brigadier-General 
 James Mcintosh killed. 7lh, Fox Creek, Mo.; 8th, near Nashville, Tenn.; 
 9th. Mountain Grove, Mo.; Hampton Roads, Va Union 261 killed, 108 
 wounded. Confederate 7 killed, 17 wounded. lOth, Burke's Station, Va.; 
 Jacksboro. Big Creek Gap. Tenn.; 11th, Paris, Tenn ; 12th, Lexington, Mo., 
 near Lebanon, Mo ; 13th, New Madrid, Mo.; 14th, Newberne, N. C. Union 91 
 killed, 466 wounded. Confederate 64 killed. 106 wounded, 413 captured. 16th, 
 Black Jack Forest, Tenn ; 18th, Salem, Ark.; 21st, Mosquito Inlet, Fla.; 22d, 
 Independence, Mo.; 23d, Carthage, Mo. ; Winchester Va. ; i56th, Warrensburg, 
 Mo ; Humonsville, Mo.; 26th, 27th and 28th, Apache Canon, near Santa f4, 
 N. Mex.; 28th. Warrensburg, Mo. 
 
 The law authorizing issue of 'Greenbacks' went into effect February 25, 
 and they were placed before the public March 24. 
 
 April 2d, Putnam's Ferry, near Doniphan, Mo.; 4th, Great Bethel, Va.; Crump's 
 Landing, Tenn. ; 6th and 7th, Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. Army 
 of Western Tennessee, commanded by Major-General U. S. Grant, as fol- 
 lows: 1st Division, Major-General J. A. McClernand; 2d Division, Major- 
 General C. F. Smith; 3d Division, Brigadier-General Lew Wallace; 4th 
 Division, Brigadier-General S. A. Hurlburt; 6th Division, Brigadier-General 
 W. T. Sherman; 6th Division, Brigadier-General B. M. Prentiss. Army of 
 the Ohio, commanded by Major-General D. C. Buell, as follows: 2d 
 Division, Brigadier-General A. M. D. Cook; 4th Division, Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral W. Nelson; 5th Division, Brigadier-General T. L. Crittenden, 21st 
 Brigade of the 6th Division, Gunboats "Tvler" and "Lexington." Union 
 1,735 killed 7,882 wounded, 8,956 captured.' Confederate 1,728 killed, 8,012 
 wounded, 959 captured. Union Brigadier-General W. T. Sherman and 
 W. H. L. Wallace wounded, and B. M. Prentiss captured. Confederate 
 Major-General A. S. Johnson, commander-in-chief, and Brigadier-General 
 A. H. Gladden, killed; Major-General W. S. Cheatham and Brigadier- 
 General C. Clark, B. R. Johnson and J. S. Bowen, wounded. 8th, Island 
 No. 10, Tenn. Major-General Pope's command and the Navy, under 
 Flag-ofiicer Foote. Near Corinth, Miss. 10th, Fort Pulaski, Ga.; 11th, 
 Huntsville, Ala. Army of the Ohio; Yorktown, Va.; 12th, Little Blue 
 River, Mo.; Monterey, Va.; 14th, Pollocksville, N. C; Diamond Grove, Mo. ; 
 Walkersville, Mo.; Montavallo, Mo.; 15th, Pechacho Pass. Ariz.; 16th, 
 Savannah, Tenn.; W^hite Marsh, Ga.; Lee's Mills, Va.; 17th, Holly River, 
 W. Va.; 18th, Falmouth, Va.; Edisto Island, S. C; 18th to 28th, Forts 
 Jackson and St. Philip, and the capture of New Orleans, La.; Commodore 
 Farragut's fleet of war vessels and mortar boats, under Commander D. D. 
 Porter; 19th, Talbot's Ferry, Ark.; Camden, N. C; 23d, Grass Lick, W. 
 Va.; 25th, Fort Macon, N, C.'; 26th, Turnback Creek, Mo.; Neosha, Mo.; in 
 front of Yorktown, Va. ; 27th, Horton's Mills, N. C; 28th, Paint Rock Rail- 
 road Bridge; Cumberland Mountain, Tenn.; Monterey, Tenn.; 28th, 
 Bridgeport, Ala. 
 
 May 1st, Clarke's Hollow, W. Va.; 3d, Farmington, Miss.; 4th, Licking, Mo.; 
 Cheese Cake Church, Va.; 5th, Lebanon, Tenn.; Lockridge Mills, Ky. ; 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAH 1862— Continued. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 Williamsburg, Va. ; 7th, West Point or Eltham's Landing, Va.; Somerville 
 Heights, Va.; 8th, McDowell, Va.; Glendale, near Corinth, Miss.; 9th, Elk- 
 ton Station, near Athens, Ala.; Slatersville, Va. ; 10th, Fort Pillow, Tenn.; 
 11th, Bloomfield, Mo.; 18th. Monterey, Tenn.; 15th, Linden, Va.; Fort Dar- 
 ling. James River, Va ; Chalk Bluffs, Mo,; Butler, Bates county. Mo.; 15th, 
 16th and 18th, Princeton, W. Va.; General J. D. Cox's Division; 17th, in 
 front of Corinth, Miss., Brigadier General M. L. Smith's Brigade; 19th, 
 Searcy Landing, Ark.; Clinton. N. C; 21st, Phillip's Creek, Miss.; 22d, 
 Florida, Mo.; 28d, Lewisburg, Va. ; Front Royal, Va.; Buckton Station, Va.; 
 Fort Craig, N. Mex.; 24th, New Bridge, Va.; Chickahominy, Va ; *-^5th, Win- 
 chester, Va.; 27th, Hanover C. H..Va. Union 53 killed, 344 wounded. 
 Confederate 2(0 killed and wounded, 730 prisoners. Big Indian Creek, 
 near Searcy Landing, Ark.; Osceola, Mo.; 28th, Wardensville, Va. ; 29th, 
 Pocatalfigo, S. C; 30th, Booneville, Miss ; Front Royal Va.; 3lst, Neosho, 
 Mo.; near Washington, N. C. ; 31st and June 1st, Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, 
 Va., 2d Corps, 3d Corps and 4th Corps Army of the Potomac. Union 890 
 killed, 3 627 wounded, 1,222 missing. Confederate 2,800 killed, 3,897 
 wounded, 1,300 missing. Union Brigadier-Generals O. O. Howard, Naglee, 
 and Wessells, wounded. Confederate Brigadier-General Hatton killed, 
 General J. E. Johnson and Brigadier General Rhodes wounded, Brigadier- 
 General Pettigrew captured. 
 June 1st and 2d, Strasburg and Staunton Road, Va. ; 3d, Legare's Point, S. C; 
 4th, Jasper, Sweden's Cove, Tenn.; Blackland, Miss.; 5th, Tranter's Creek, 
 N. C; 6th, Memphis, Tenn.; Harrisonburg, Va.; General Ashby killed. 8th, 
 Cross Ceys or Union Church. Va. Union 125 killed, 500 wounded. Con- 
 federate 42 killed, 230 wounded. Confederate Brigadier-Generals Stewart 
 and Elzey wounded. 9th, Port Republic, Va.; 10th. James Island, S. C; 
 11th, Monterey, Owen county, Ky. ; 12th, Waddell's Farm, near Village 
 Creek, Ark.; 13th, Old Church. Va.; James Island, S. C. ; 14th, Turnstall 
 Station, Va.; 16th, Secessionville or Fort Johnson, James Island, S. C; 
 l*th, St. Charles. White River, Ark ; Warrensburg, Mo.; Smithville, Ark.; 
 18th, Williamsburg Road, Va.; 21st, Battle Creek, Tenn.; 22d, Raceland, 
 near Algiers, La ; 23d, Raytown, Mo.; 25th. Oak Grove, Va ; Germantown, 
 Tenn.; Little Red River, Ark.; 26th to 29th, Vicksburg. Miss ; U. S. Fleet, 
 under command of Commodore Farragut; 26th to July 1st. The Seven Days* 
 Retreat. Army of the Potomac. Major-General George B. McClellan com- 
 manding, including engagements known as Mechanicsville or Ellison's Mill, 
 on the 26th, Gains' Mills or Cold Harbor and Chickahominy on the 27th, 
 Peach Orchard and Savage Station on the 29th, White Oak Swamp, a'so 
 called Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale. Nelson's Farm. Frazier's Farm. 
 Turkey Bend and New Market Cross Roads on the 30th, and Malvern Hill 
 on July 1st. Union— First Corps, Brigadier-General McCall's Division, 
 253 killed, 1,240 wounded, 1,581 missing; Second Corps, Major-General E. 
 V. Sumner, 187 killed, 1,076 wounded, 848 missing ; Third Corps, Major- 
 General Heintzleman, 189 killed, 1,051 wounded, 838 missing; Fourth Corps, 
 Major-General E. D. Keyes, 69 killed, 507 wounded, 201 missing; Fifth 
 Corps, Major-General Fitz-John Porter, 620 killed, 2.460 wounded, 1,198 
 missing; Sixth Corps, Major-General Franklin, 245 killed, 1,313 wounded, 
 L179 missing; Cavalry, Brigadier-General Stoneman, 19 killed, 60 
 wounded, 97 missing; Engineer Corps, 2 wounded, 21 missing; total, 
 1,582 killed, 7,709 wounded, 5,958 missing. Major-General Sumner 
 and Brigadier-Generals Mead, Brook and Burns, wounded. Confed- 
 erate—Major-General Hager's Division, 187 killed, 803 wounded, 360 
 missing; Major-General Magruder's Division, 258 killed, 1,495 wounded, 30 
 missing; Major-General Longstreet's Division, 763 killed, 3,929 wounded, 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE TEAR 1862-Continued. 
 
 NAflES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 239 missing; Major-General Hill's Division, 619 killed, 3,251 wounded; 
 Major-General Jackson's Division, 966 killed, 4,417 wounded, 63 missing; 
 Major-General Holmes' Division, 2 killed, 52 wounded; Major-General 
 Stuart's Cavalry, 15 killed, 30 wounded, 60 missing; Artillery, Brigadier- 
 General Pendelton, 10 killed, 34 wounded. Total, 2,820 killed, 14,011 
 wounded, 752 missing. Brigadier-Generals Griffith, killed, and Anderson, 
 Featherstone and Pender, wounded. 27th, Williams Bridge, Amite River, 
 La.; Village Creek, Ark.; Waddell's Farm, Ark.; 29th, Willis Church, Va.; 
 80th, Luray, Va. 
 
 July 1st, Booiieville, Miss.; Morning Sun, Tenn.; 3d, Haxals or Elvington 
 Heights, Va.; 6th, Grand Prairie, near Aberdeen, Ark.; 7th, Bayou Cache, 
 also called Cotton Plant;8th, Black River, Mo.; 9th, Hamilton, N.C.; Aber- 
 deeo. Ark.; Tompkinsville, Ky.; 11th, Williamsburg, Va.; Pleasant Hill, 
 Mo.; 12th, Lebanon, Ky,; near Culpeper, Va.; 13th, Murfreesboro', Tenn.; 
 14th. Batesville, Ark.; 15th, attempt to destroy 4th Wis., Gunboats "Caron- 
 delet," "Queen of the West," "Tyler" and "Essex; " Apache Pass, Ariz.; 
 Fayetteville, Ark.; near Decatur, Tenn; 17th, Cynthiana, Ky.; 18th Mem- 
 phis, Mo.; 20th to September 20th, Guerrilla Campaign in Missouri; Gen- 
 eral Schofield's command; 23d, Florida, Mo.; Columbus, Mo.; 24th, 
 Trinity, Ala.; near Florida, Mo.; 24th and 25th, Santa F6, Mo.: 25th, Cort- 
 land Bridge, Ala.; 25th and 26th, Mountain Store and Big Piney, Mo.; 
 26th, Young's Cross Roads, N. C; Greenville, Mo.; 28th, Bayou Barnard, 
 Ind. Ten; Moore's Mills, Mo.; 29th, Bollinger's Mills, Mo.;' Russelville, 
 Ky.; Brownsville, Tenn.; 30th, Paris, Ky.; 31st, Coggin's Point, opposite 
 Harrison's Landing, Va. 
 
 August 1st, Newark. Mo., 2d, Ozark or Forsythe, Mo.; Orange C. H.,Va.; 
 Clear Creek or Taberville, Mo.; Coahomo Co , Miss.; 3d, Sycamore 
 Church, near Petersburg, Va.; Chariton Bridge, Mo.; Jonesboro, Ark.; 
 Lauguelle Ferry, Ark.; 4th, Sparta, Tenn.; White Oak Swamp Bridge, 
 Va.; 5th, Baton 'Rouge, La. Union 82 killed, 255 wounded, 34 missing. 
 Confederate 84 killed. 316 wounded, 78 missing. Union Brigadier-General 
 Thomas Williams killed. 5th, Malvern Hill, Va.; 6th, Montavallo, Mo.; 
 Beech Creek, W. Va.; Kirksville, Mo.; Matapony, Va.; Tazewell, Tenn.; 
 7th, Trenton, Tenn ; 8th Panther Creek, Mo.; 9th, Stockton, Mo.; Cedar 
 Mountain, Va. Union 450 killed, 660 wounded, 290 missing. Confederate 
 229 killed, 1,047 wounded, 31 missing Union Brigadier- Generals Augur, 
 Carroll and Geary wounded. Confederate Brigadier-General C. S. Win- 
 der killed. 10th, Nueces River, Texas; 11th, Independence, Mo.; Helena, 
 Ark.; Wyoming C. H., W. Va.; Kinderhook, Tenn.; 12th, Galatin, Tenn.; 
 13th. Galatin, Tenn.; Clarendon, Ark.; 15th, Merriweather's Ferry, Tenn.; 
 16th. Lone Jack, Mo.; 18th, capture of rebel steamer " Fairplay " near 
 Milliken's Bend, La.; 19th, Clarksville Tenn.; White Oak Ridge, Ky.; 
 20th, Brandy Station, Va.; Edgefield Junction, Tenn., Union Mills, Mo.; 
 21st, Pinckney Island, S. C; 22d, Cortland, Tenn.; 23d, Big Hill, Madison 
 county, Ky.; 23d to 25th, skirmishes on the Rappahannock at Waterloo 
 Bridge, Lee Springs, Freeman's Ford and Sulphur Springs, Va. Army of 
 Virginia, under Major-General Pope. Confederate 27 killed, 94 wounded. 
 Union Brigadier-General Bohlen killed. 23d to September 1st, Pope's 
 Campaign in Virginia. Army of Virginia. Union 7.000 killed, wounded 
 and missing. Confederate r,500 killed, 8,000 wounded. 24th, Dallas, 
 Mo. ; Coon Creek, Mo.; 25th and 26th, Fort Donnelson and Cumberland 
 Iron Works, Tenn.; Bloomfield, Mo.; 26th, Rienzi and Kossuth, Miss.; 
 27th, Bull Run Bridge, Va.; Brigadier-General G. W. Taylor motally 
 wounded: Kettle Run. Va.; Major-General Hooker's Division of Third 
 Corps. Union 300 killed and wounded. Confederate 300 killed and 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1862— Continued. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 wounded. 28th, Readyville or Round Hill, Tenn.; 28th and 29th, Grove- 
 ton and Gainsville, Va. First Corps, Major General Sigel; Third Corps, 
 Major-General McDowell, Army of Virginia; Hooker's and Kearney's 
 Divisions of Third Corps, and Reynold's Division of First Corps, Army 
 of Potomac ; Ninth Corps, Major-General Reno. Union, 7,000 killed', 
 wounded and missing. Confederate, 7 000 killed, wounded and missing. 
 29th, Manchester, Tenn.; 30th, second battle of Bull Run or Manassas, 
 Va. Same troops as engaged at Groveton and Gainesville on the 28th and 
 29th, with the addition of Porter's Fifth Corps. Union 800 killed, 4,000 
 wounded, 3,000 missing. _ Confederate 700 killed, 3,000 wounded. 30th, 
 Boliver, Tenn.; McMinnville, Tenn.; Richmond Ky.; 31st. Medon Station, 
 Tenn.; Yates' Ford, Kv.; 18th, Red Wood, Minn.; 20th and 22d, Fort 
 Ridgely; 25th and 26th, New Ulm, Minn. 
 
 September 1st, Britton's Lane Tenn.; Chantilly, Va. McDowell's Corps, 
 Army of Virginia; Hooker's and Kearney's Divisions of Third Corps, Army 
 of Potomac; Reno's Corps. Union, 1,300 killed, wounded and missing. 
 Confederate, 800 killed, wounded and missing. Union Major-General 
 Kearney and Brigadier-General Stevens killed. 2d, Vienna, Va.; 3d, 
 Slaughterville, Ky.; 6th, Washington, N. C; 7th, Poolesville, Md.;Clarkes- 
 ville or Rickett's Hill, Tenn.; 9th, Columbia, Tenn.; Des Allemands, La.; 
 10th, Cold Water, Miss., Fayetteville, W. Va.; 12th to 15th, Harper's Ferry, 
 Va. Union 80 killed, 120 wounded, 11,583 missing and captured. Confed- 
 erate, 500 killed and wounded. 14th, Turner's and Crampton's Gap, South 
 Mountain, Md. First Corps, Major-General Hooker; Sixth Corps, Major- 
 General Franklin; Ninth Corps, Major-General Reno. Union 443 killed, 
 1,806 wounded. Confederate 600 killed, 2,343 wounded, 1,500 captured. 
 LTnion Major-General Reno killed. Confederate Brigadier-General Gar- 
 land killed. 14th and 16th, Mumfordsville, Ky. Union 50 killed, 3,566 
 captured and missing. Confederate 714 killed and wounded. 17th, Dur- 
 hamville, Tenn., Antietam or Sharpsburg, Md. P^irst Corps, Major-Gen- 
 eral Hooker; Second Corps, Major-General Sumner; Fifth Corps, Major- 
 General Fitz-John Porter; Sixth Corps, Major General Franklin; Ninth 
 Corps, Major-General Burnside; Twelfth Corps, Major-General Williams; 
 Couch's Division, Fourth Corps ; Pleasanton's Division of Cavalry. 
 Union 2,0l0 killed, 9,416 wounded, 1,043 missing. Confederate 3,500 killed, 
 16,399 wounded, 6,000 missing.^ Union Brigadier-General Mansfield killed, 
 Major-Generals Hooker and Richardson, and Brigadier-Generals Rodman, 
 Weber, Sedgwick, Hartsuff, Dana and Meagher wounded. . Confederate 
 Brigadier-Generals Branch, Anderson and Starke killed; Major-General 
 Anderson, Brigadier-Generals Toombs, Lawton, Ripley, Rodes, Gregg, 
 Armstead and Ransom wounded. 19th and 20th, luka, Miss. Stanley's 
 and Hamilton's Divisions, Army of the Mississippi, under Major-General 
 Rosecrans. Union 144 killed, 598 wounded. Confederate 263 killed, 692 
 v/ounded, 561 captured Confederate Brigadier-General Little killed, and 
 Whitefield wounded. 20th, Blackford's Ford, Sheppardstown, Va.; 30th, 
 Newtonia, Mo ; 2d and 3d, Birch Coolie, Minn.; 3d and 4th, Hutchinson, 
 Minn.; 3d to 6th, Fort Abercrombie, Dak. Ter.; 23d, Yellow Medicine, or 
 Wood Lake, Minn. 
 
 October 1st, Floyd's Fork, Ky : Shepherdstown, Va.; 3d and 4th, Corinth, 
 Miss ; McKean's, Davies', Hamilton's and Stanley's Divisions, Army of 
 the Miss. Union 315 killed, 1,812 wounded, 232 missing. Cnnfederate 
 1,423 killed, 5,692 wounded, 2,248 missing. Union Brigadier-Generals 
 Hackleman killed, and Oglesby wounded 5th, Metamora, on Big Hatchie 
 River, Miss. Union, 500 killed and wounded. ^ Confederate, 400 killed and 
 wounded. 7th, Lavergne, Tenn.; 8th, Perryville, Ky.; First Corps, Army 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1862— Continued. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 of the Ohio, Major-General McCook; and Third Corps, Brigadier-General 
 Gilbert. Union 916 killed, 2,943 wounded, 489 missing. Confederate, 2,500 
 killed, wounded and missing. Union Brigadier-Generals J. S. Jackson and 
 Terrill killed. Confederate Brigadier-Generals Cleburne, Wood and 
 Brown wounded. 10th, Harrodsburg, Ky.; 11th, La Grange, Ark.; 17th 
 Lexington, Ky.; 18th, Haymarket, Va.; 22d, Pocotaligo or Yemassee, S. C; 
 23d, Waverlv, Tenn.; 24th, Grand Prairie, Mo.; 28th, Clarkson, Mo. 
 
 NoTember 1st, Philomont, Va.; 2d and 3d, Bloomfield and Union.; 3d, Harri- 
 sonville, Mo.; 6th, Barbee's Cross Roads and Chester Gap, Va.; Nashville, 
 1 enn.; 6th Garrettsburg, Ky.; 7th, Big Beaver Creek, Mo.; Marianna, Ark.; 
 8th, Hudsonville, Miss.; 17th, Gloucester, Va.; 18th, Rural Hills, Tenn.; 
 24th, Heaver Creek, Mo.; 26th, Summerville, Miss.; 28th, Cane Hill, Boston 
 Mountain and Boonsboro', Ark.; Hardwood Church, Va. 
 
 December 1st, Charleston and Berryville, Va.; 5th, Coffeeville, Miss.; Helena, 
 Ark.; 7th, Prairie Grove, Ark.; Hartsville, Tenn.; 9th, Dobbin's Ferry, 
 Tenn.; r2th, Little Bear Creek, Ala.; 12th to 18th, Foster's expedition to 
 Goldsboro', N. C; 13th, Fredericksburg, Va. Army of the Potomac, Major- 
 General Burnside; Second Corps, Major-General Couch; Ninth Corps, 
 Major-General Wilcox. Right Grand Division, Major-General Sumner; 
 First Corps, Major-General Reynolds; Sixth Corps, Major-General W. F. 
 Smith. Left Grand Division, Major-General Franklin; Fifth Corps, Major- 
 General Butterfield. Third Corps, Major-General Stoneman. Centre Grand 
 Division, Major-General Hooker. Union 1,180 killed, 9,028 wounded, 2,145 
 missing. Confederate 579 killed, 3,870 wounded, 127 missing Union 
 Brigadier-General Jackson and Bayard killed, and Gibbons and Vinton 
 wounded. Confederate Brigadier-General T. R. R. Cobb killed, and 
 Maxey Gregg wounded. 14th, Kingston, N. C; 18th, Lexington, Tenn.; 
 20th, Holly Springs, Miss.; Trenton, Tenn ; 21st, Davis' Mills, Miss ; 24th, 
 Middleburg, Miss.; Glasgow, Ky.; 25th, Green's Chapel, Ky.; 26th Bacon 
 Creek, Ky.; 27th, Elizabethtown, Ky.; Dumfries, Va.; 28th, Elk' Fork, 
 Tenn.; 28th and 29th, Chickasaw Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss.; Army of 
 Tennessee, Major-General W. T. Sherman; 30th, Wautauga Bridge and 
 Carter's Station, Tenn.; Jefferson, Tenn.; Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn.; 
 31st to January 2d, Murfreesboro' or Stone River, Tenn.; Army of the 
 Cumberland, Major-General Rosecrans. Right Wing, McCook's Corps; 
 Centre, Thomas' Corps; Left Wing, Crittenden's Corps. Union 1,533 
 killed, 7,245 wounded, 2,800 missing. Confederate, 14,560 killed, wounded 
 and missing. Union Brigadier-General Sill killed and Kirk wounded. 
 Confederate Brigadier-Generals Raines and Hanson killed, and Chalmers 
 and Davis wounded. 
 
 The United States is the fifth naval power in the world. The navies of Great 
 Britain France, Russia and Italy rank ahead in the order named. Germany and 
 the United States are about tied. 
 
 The battleship Iowa weighs about 12,000 tons, and as twenty tons is the 
 average load of a freight car and twelve cars is a good load for a locomotive 
 engine, it would take fifty locomotives to haul the great steel structure. 
 
 The powder used in the big guns is brown and in chunks the size of a cara- 
 mel. A charge for the biggest guns weighs 500 pounds and is hoisted to the 
 breech by a derrick, the powder being sewed up in burlap bags. 
 
 Armor plates are tested by firing steel projectiles weighing from 100 to 1,500 
 pounds at them, from guns charged with 500 pounds of powder and at a distance 
 of a city block. 
 

 Go to the ant, tJiou sluggard, ^ ^ ^ ^ A good name is rather to be 
 consider her ways and be wise. 1 3^ m\ -^ chosen than great riches,— Prov. 
 -Prov.e-e. lOUO 22-i. 
 
 
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 . . \ 
 
 — — ■ - i 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 After one hundred days warning, on January i, President Lincoln issued his i 
 
 famous proclamation of Emancipation. 
 
 On January 22 there was an insurrection in Poland. 
 
 The French enter the city of Mexico June 10. 
 
 Sam Houston died July 25. 
 
 July 20 Louis Napoleon declares Mexico an Empire, and Maximilian of Austria 
 
 is made Emperor. 
 
 Draft riots occurred in New York City in July, and considerable property 
 
 destroyed. 
 
 In September great distress reported in the cotton manufacturing districts of 
 
 England. 
 October 31 large subscriptions made to United States 5-20 loan. 
 
 Czar Alexander II abolishes serfdom in Russia. 
 
 National Banking Law passed by United States Congress. 
 
 (Continued on next page.) 
 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1863-Continued. 
 
 NAHES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 January, 1863— 1st, Galveston, Tex.; 7th and 8th, Springfield, Mo.; 11th, Fort 
 Hindman, Ark.; Hartsville, Mo.; Confederate Brig. -Gen. McDonald 
 killed; 14th, Bayou Teche, La.; 24th, Woodbury, Tenn ; 80th, Deserted 
 House; 31st, Rover, Tenn. 
 
 February 3d, Fort Donnelson or Cumberland Iron Works, Tenn.; 
 14th, Brentsville, Va.; 16th, near Romney, W. Va.; 21st, Prairie Station, 
 Miss.; 24th, Mississippi river below Vicksburg; U. S. Gunboat "Indianola." 
 
 March 1st. Bradwille, Tenn.; 4th, Skeet, N. C; 4th and 5th, Thomp- 
 son's Station, Tenn.; Union 100 killed, 300 wounded, 1,306 captured; Con- 
 federate 150 killed, 450 wounded; 8th, Fairfax C. H., Va.; Brig. -Gen 
 Stoughton and thirtv-three men captured by Mosbv in his midnight raid; 
 10th, Covington, Teiin. ; 13th to April 5th, Fort Pemberton, Miss.; 14th, Port 
 Hudson, La.; 17th, Kellv's Ford, Va.; 20th, Vaught's Hill, Tenn.; 22d Mt 
 Sterling, Ky ; 24th, Danville, Kv.; Ponchatoula, La.; 25th, Brentwood, 
 Tenn.; Franklin and Little Harpeth, Tenn.; 28th, Pattersonville, La.; 
 29th, Somerville, Tenn. ; 30th, Dutton's Hill, Ky.; Point Pleasant, W. Va.; 
 30th to April 4th, Washington and Rodman's Point, N. C. 
 
 April 2d and 3d, Wookbury and Snow Hill, Tenn.; 7th, bombardment Fort 
 Sumter, S. C; 10th, Franklin and Harpeth River, Tenn.; Antioch Station, 
 Tenn.; Tith to 14th, Irish Bend and Bisland. La.; Union 350 killed, 
 wounded and missing. Confederate 400 wounded, 2,000 missing and cap- 
 tured; 12th to May 4th, siege of Suffolk, Va.; 15th, Dunbar's Plantation, 
 La.; i7th to May 2d, Grierson's expedition from La Grange, Tenn., to 
 Baton Rouge, La. ; 18th and 19th, Hernando and Coldwater, Miss ; 20th, 
 Patterson, Mo.; 24th, Tuscumbia, Ala.; White Water, Mo.; 26th, Cape Gir- 
 ardeau, Mo. ; 27th to May 3d, Streight's raid, Tuscumbia, Ala., to Rome, 
 Ga.- 27th to May 8th, Stoneman's cavalry raid in Virginia; 29th, Fairmont, 
 W. Va.; Grand Gulf, Miss., gunboat fleet; 30th, Spottsylvania, C. H., Va.; 
 30th and May 1st, Chalk Bluff and St. Francois River, Mo. 
 
 May 1st, Port Gibson, Miss, (the first engagement in Grant's campaign against 
 Vicksburg). Thirteenth Corps, Major General McClernand and 3d Divis- 
 ion, Seventeenth Corps, Major General McPherson. Union 130 killed, 
 718 wounded. Confederate 1,150 killed and wounded, 500 missing. Con- 
 federate Brigadier General Tracy killed. 1st, La Grange, Ark.; Monti- 
 cello, Ky.; ist to 4th, Chancellorsville, Va., including battles of Sixth 
 Corps at Fredericksburg and Salem Heights. Army of the Potomac, 
 Major General Hooker; First Corps, Major General Reynolds; Second 
 Corps, Major General Couch: Third Corps, Major General Sickles; Fifth 
 Corps, Major General Meade; Sixth Corps, Major General Sedgwick; 
 Eleventh Corps, Major General Howard; Twelfth Corps, Major General 
 Slocum. Union 1,512 killed, 9,518 wounded, 5,000 missing. Confederate 
 1,581 killed, 8,700 wounded, 2,000 missing. Union Major General Berry 
 and Brigadier General Whipple killed, Devan and Kirby wounded. Con- 
 federate Brigadier General Paxton killed. Lieutenant General J. S. Jack- 
 son, Major General A. P. Hill, Brigadier Generals Hoke, Nichols, 
 Ramseur, McGowan, Heth and Pender wounded. 3d, Warrenton Junc- 
 tion, Va.; 4th, siege of Suffolk, Va., raised; 11th, Horse Shoe Bend, Ky.; 
 12th, Raymond, Miss., Confederate General Telghman killed; 13th, Hall's 
 Ferry; 14th, Jackson, Miss., Fifteenth Corps, Major General Sherman; 
 Seventeenth Corps, Major General McPherson. 16th, Champion Hill, 
 Miss. Hovey's Division, Thirteenth Corps and Seventeenth Corps. 
 Union 426 killed, 1,842 wounded, 189 missing. Confederate 2,500 killed 
 and wounded, 1,800 missing. 17th, Big Black River, Miss., Carr's and 
 Osterhaus' Divisions, Thirteenth Corps, Major General McClernand. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1863— Continued. 
 
 NAHES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 Union 29 killed, 242 wounded. Confederate 600 killed and wounded, 2,500 
 captured. i8th to July 4th, siege of Vicksburg. Thirteenth Corps, Fif- 
 teenth Corps and Seventeenth Corps, commanded by Major General U. S. 
 Grant, and gunboat fleet commanded by Admiral Porter. Assault on Fort 
 Hill on May 19th and general assault on the 20th, in which Confederate 
 Brigadier General Green was killed. Three divisions of the Sixteenth Corps 
 and two divisions of the Ninth Corps, and Major General Herron's division 
 were then added to the besieging forces. Union 545 killed, 3,688 wounded, 
 303 missing. Confederate, 31,277 killed, wounded and prisoners, ,20th to 
 28th, Clendenin's raid below Fredericksburg, Va.; 21st. Middleton. Tenn ; 
 25th, near Helena, Ark.; 27th, Lake Providence, La ; 27th to July 9th, siege 
 of Port Hudson, La. Union 500 killed, 2,500 wounded. Confederates 100 
 killed, 700 wounded, 6.408 prisoners. Union Brigadier Generals T. W. 
 Sherman and H. E. Paine wounded. 
 
 June 4th, Franklin. Tenn.; 5th Franklin's Crossing, Rappahannock River, Va. ; 
 6th to 8th, Milliken's Bend, La ; 23d Iowa and three regiments colored troops. 
 (No quarter shown.) Union 154 killed, 223 wounded, 115 missing. Confed 
 erate 125 killed, 400 wounded, 200 missing, gih, Monticello and Rocky Gap, 
 Ky. ; Beverly Ford and Brandy Station, Va. Union 500 killed, wounded and 
 missing. Confederate 700 killed, wounded and missing. 11th, Middleton. 
 Va.; 13th and 15th, Winchester, Va. Union 3,t00 killed, wounded and 
 missing. Confederate 850 killed, wounded and missing. 14th, Martins- 
 burg. Va.; 16th, Triplett's Bridge, Ky.; 17th, Aldie, Va. ; Westport, Mo.; 
 capture of rebel gunboat Atlanta by U. S. ironclad Weehawken; 20th, 
 Rocky Crossing, Miss ; 20th and 21st, La Fourche Crossing, La.; 21st, Up- 
 perville, Va.;22d, Hill's Plantation, Miss.; 23d. Brashear City, La.; 23<i to 
 30th. Rosecrans' campaign — Murfreesboro to Tullahoma, Tenn.; 28th, Don- 
 aldsonville, La ; 29th, Westminster, Md.; 30th, Hanover, Pa. 
 
 July 1st to 3d, Gettysburg, Pa Army of the Potomac, Major General George 
 G. Meade; First Corps. Major General Reynolds; Second Corps, Major Gen- 
 eral Hancock; Third Corps. Major General Sickles; Sixth Corps, Major Gen- 
 eral Sedgwick; Eleventh Corps. Major General Howard; Twelfth Corps, 
 Major General Slocum; Cavalry Corps, Major General Pleasanton. Union 
 2,8b4 killed. 13 709 wounded, 6.643 missing. Confederate. 3,500 killed, 
 14,500 wounded, 13 621 missing. Union Major General Reynolds, Brigadier 
 Generals Weed. Zook and Farnsworth killed; Major Generals Sickles and 
 Hancock, Brigadier Generals Paul, Rowley. Gibbons and Barlow wounded. 
 (General Lucius Fairchild, Commander-in-Chief, Grand Army of the Repub- 
 lic, lost his arm on the first day.) Confederate Major General Pender, Brig- 
 adier Generals Garnett. Barksdale and Semmes killed; Major Generals 
 Hood, Trimble and Heth, Brigadier Generals Kemper, Scales, Anderson, 
 Hampton, Jones, Jenkins. Pettigrew and Posey wounded. 1st to 26th, 
 Morgan's raid into Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio; finally captured at New 
 Lisbon, Ohio, by Brigadier General Shackleford's cavalry. Union 22 killed, 
 80 wounded, 790 missing. Confederate 86 killed, 385 wounded, 3.0C0 cap- 
 tured. 4th, Helena, Ark., Majof General Prentiss' division of Sixteenth 
 Corps and gunboat Tyler. Union 57 killed, 117 wounded. 32 missing. Con- 
 federates 173 killed. 687 wounded, 776 missing. 4th and 5th, Bolton and 
 Birdsong Ferry, Miss., Major General Sherman's forces. Confederate 2,000 
 captured; Monterey Gap and Smithburg, Md., and Fairfield, Pa., Kilpat- 
 rick's cavalry; 5th, Lebanon, Ky.; 6th. Quaker Bridge, N. C; Hagerstown 
 and Williamsport, Md ; 7th and 9th,Iuka, Miss.; 7th to 9th, Boonsboro, Md.; 
 9th to 16th, Jackson, Miss., Union 100 killed. 800 wounded and 100 missing; 
 Confederate 71 killed,^ 504 wounded, 764 missing. 10th to September 6th, 
 siege of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, S. C; I2th, Ashby Gap, Va. ; 13th, 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1863-Continued. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 Yazoo City, Miss., Major General Herron's division and three gunboats; 
 Jackson, Tenn ; Donaldsonville, La ; 13th to 15th, draft riots in New York 
 City, in whichever 1,000 rioters were killed; 14th. Falling Waters, Md., 
 Confederate Major General Pettigrew killed; Elk River, Tenn., advance of 
 the Fourteenth Corps, Army of the Cumberland; Near Bolivar Heights. 
 Va.; 15th, Pulaski. Ala.; Halltown, Va ; 16th. Sheppardstown, Va.; 17th, 
 Honey Springs, I. T. ; Wytheville, W. Va ; Canton. Miss ; 18th to 21st, Pot- 
 ter's cavalry raid to Tar River and Rocky Mount. N. C ; 21st to 28d, Manassas 
 Gap and Chester Gap, Va ; 26th, Pattacassey Creek, N. C ; 3(ith, Irvine, 
 Ky.; 24th. Big Mound, Dak ; 26th. Dead Buffalo Lake, Dak.; 26th, Stoney 
 Lake, Dak.;3uth, Missouri River, Dak. 
 
 August 1st to 3d, Rappahannock Station, Brandy Station and Kelly's Ford, Va ; 
 3d. Jackson, La. ; 5th, Dutch Gap, James River, Va. ; 7th, New Madrid, Mo. ; 
 9th, Sparta. Tenn.; cavalry Army of the Cumberland; 13th, Grenada, Miss ; 
 Pineville, Mo.; 14th, West Point, White River, Ark.; 21st, Quantrell's plun- 
 der and massacre of Lawrence, Kan., in which 140 citizens were killed and 
 24 wounded, Confederates 40 killed; Coldwater, Miss ; 24th, Coyle Tavern, 
 near Fairfax C H., Va.; 25th to 30th, Averill's raid ia West Virginia; 26th, 
 Rocky Gap, near White Sulphur Springs. Va. ; 25th to 31st, Brownsville, Ark. 
 
 September 1st, Barbee's Cross Roads. Va ; Devil's Back Bone. Ark.; 5th. Lime- 
 stone Station, Tenn.; 8th, night attack on Fort Sumter. S. C; 9th, Cumberland 
 Gap, Tenn.; 10th. Little Rock, Ark. ; 11th, Ringgold, Ga.; 12th, Sterling's 
 Plantation. La.; 13th, Culpepper, Va ; Letts Tan Yard, near Chickamauga. 
 Ga.; 14th, Rapidan Station, Va ; Vidalia, La. ; 19th Rapidan Station, Va; 
 19th and 20th, Chickamauga, Ga. . Army of the Cumberland. Major General 
 Rosecrans: Fourteenth Corps. Major General Thomas; Twentieth Corps. 
 Major General McCook; Twenty-first Corps. Major General Crittenden, and 
 Reserve Corps, Major General Granger. Union 1,644 killed, 9,262 wounded, 
 4 945 missing. Confederate 2,389 killed, 13 412 wounded, 2,003 missing. 
 Union Brigadier General Lyttle killed, and Starkweather, Whittaker and 
 King wounded. Confederate Brigadier Generals Preston, Smith, Deshler 
 and Helm killed, and Major General Hood, Brigadier Generals Adams, 
 Gregg, Brown, McNair, Bunn, Preston, Cleburne, Benning and Clayton 
 wounded. 21st. Bristol, Tenn.; 22d, Madison C. H., Tenn.; Blountsville. 
 Tenn. ; Rockwell. Md.;26th; Calhoun, Tenn.; 27th, Moffat's Station, Ark ; 
 29th. Near Morganzia, La. 
 
 October 1st, Anderson's Gap. Tenn.; 2d, Anderson's Cross Roads, Tenn. ; 3d, 
 McMinville. Tenn.; 4th. Neosho, Mo ; 5th. Stockade at Stone River, Tenn.; 
 Glasgow, Tenn ;6th, Quantrell's attack on the escort of Major General Blunt 
 at Baxter Springs, Ark.; 7th, Near Farmington, Tenn • 10th. Rapidan, Va ; 
 James City, also called Robertson's Run, Va. ; Blue Springs, Tenn. , 11th. Hen- 
 derson's Mill, Tenn ; Collierville, Tenn.; 12th,Jeffersonton, Va ; 12th and 13ih, 
 Ingham's Mills and Wyatts, Miss.; Culpepper aid White Sulphur Springs, 
 Va ; Merrill's Crossing to Lamine Crossing. Mo.; Blountsville, Tenn ; Bull- 
 town, Va.; 14th, Auburn, Va.; Bristoe Station, Va., Union 51 killed, 329 
 wounded, Confederate 750 killed and wounded. 450 missing, Union Briga- 
 dier General Malone killed, Confederate Brigadier Generals Cooke, Posey 
 and Kirkland wounded; 15th, McLean's Ford or Liberty Mills. Va. ; 15th to 
 18th, Canton, Brownsville and Clinton, Miss.; 16th, Cross Timbers, Mo ; 
 17th, Tampa, Fla.; 18th, Charlestown, W. Va. ; Berrysville. Va ; 19th, 
 Buckland Mills, Va.; 20th and 22d. Philadelphia. Tenn.; 21st, Cherokee Sta- 
 tion, Ala.; 22d, Beverly Ford. Va ; 25th. Pine Bluff, Ark.; 26th, Cane Creek, 
 Ala; Vincent's Cross Roads or Bay Springs, Miss,; 27th, Brown's Ferry, 
 Tenn.; Wauhatchie, Tenn.; 28th, Leiper's Ferry, Tenn; 29th, Cherokee 
 Station, Ala. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR— 1863 Continued. 
 
 NAHES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 November 3d, Centerville and Piney Factory, Tenn.; Grand Coteau, La.; 8d 
 and 4th, CoUierville and Moscow, Tenn.; 6th, Rogersville, Tenn ; Droop 
 Mountain, Va,; 7th, Rappahannock Station, Va., Union 370 killed and 
 wounded. Confederates 11 killed, 98 wounded, 1.629 missing; Kelly's Ford. 
 Va.; 8th, Clarksville, Ark ; Muddy Run, near (.'ulpepper, Va.; llth, Natchez, 
 Miss ; 13th, Trinity River, Cal.; I4th, Huff's Ferry, Tenn.; Rockford, Tenn.; 
 Marysville, Tenn.; 15th, Loudon Creek, Tenn ; 16th, Campbell's Station. 
 Tenn , Union 60 killed, 340 wounded, Confederate 570 killed and wounded; 
 17th, Mount Jackson, Va.;l7th to December 4th, siege of Knoxville, Tenn , 
 Army of the Ohio, commanded by Major General Burnside, complete cas 
 ualties not recorded, at Fort Sanders November 29th the losses were Union 
 20 killed. 80 wounded, Confederate 80 killed, 400 wounded. 300 captured; 
 19th, Union City. Tenn.; 23d to 25th. Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain, 
 Orchard Knob and Missionary Ridge, Tenn . Fourth and Fourteenth Corps, 
 Army of the Cumberland, Major General George H. Thomas, Eleventh, 
 Geary's division of the Twelfth and the FiTteenth Corps Army of the Ten- 
 nessee, Major General W. T. Sherman, Union 757 killed, 4,5'^9 wounded, 
 330 missing. Confederate 361 killed, 2,181 wounded. 6,142 missing; 24th. 
 Sparta, Tenn.; 26th to 28th, operations at Mine Run, Va. Union 100 killed, 
 400 wounded Confederate 100 killed, 400 wounded; 27th, Cleveland. Tenn.; 
 Ringgold and Taylor's Ridge, Ga. ; 27th to 29th, Fort Esperanza, Texas. 
 
 December 2, Walker's Ford, W. Va.; 1st to 4th, Ripley and Moscow Station, 
 Miss., and Salisbury Tenn.; 7th, Creelsboro. Ky., and Celina, Tenn.; 8th, 
 to 21st, Averill's raid in southwestern Virginia; lOth to llth. Bean's Station 
 and Morristovvn, Tenn. Union 700 killed and wounded. Confederate 932 
 killed and wounded, 150 prisoners; 17th to 26th, Rodney and Port Gibson, 
 Miss.; 19th, Barren Fork, L T.; 24th and 25th, Bolivar and Summerville, 
 Tenn.; 28th, Charleston Tenn.; 29th, Talbot's Station and Mossy Creek, 
 Tenn.; 30th, St. Augustine, Fla.; Greenville, N. C; Waldron, Ark. 
 
 Our battleships have a speed of from fifteen to seventeen knots an hour. 
 Cruisers make nineteen to twenty-four knots, while the monitors can travel 
 only five to seven knots. 
 
 The biggest guns in the navy are forty-nine feet long, big enough for a 
 man to crawl into; four feet in diameter at their largest part, and weigh 
 135.50^ pounds or thereabouts. 
 
 In a battle at sea the woodwork and all articles of wood are either stowed 
 below or thrown overboard lest the men be injured by splinters 
 
 The origin of the navy department may be said to date from October 13, 
 1775. when congress authorized the equipment of two cruisers. 
 
 The fastest vessels in the navy are the torpedo boats Porter and Dupont, 
 each of which can travel 27.5 knots an hour. 
 
 Battleships cost from $2,500 000 to $3 750.000, and cruisers from $600,000 
 to $3 000.000. A good torpedo boat costs over 55ioo 000. 
 
 Battleships are for heavy work; cruisers are commerce destroyers; monitors 
 are useful only for coast defense. 
 
 The Indiana could lie outside Sandy Hook and throw 1,200-pound shots 
 into New York at the rate of four a minute. 
 
 Those artists who show smoke in their pictures of naval battles are wholly 
 wrong. Smokeless powder is used. 
 
 All of the cruisers are named in honor of cities, and the battleships, except 
 the Kearsarge, in honor of states. 
 
Intemperance — 
 
 Once the demon enters, 
 Stands within the door, 
 
 1864 
 
 Peace, and hope and gladness 
 Dwell there nevermore, 
 
 -Cbellls. 
 
 January . 
 
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 31 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 The Pullman Palace Sleeping Car patented. 
 
 Nathaniel Hawthorne, a distinguished American author, died May 19th; was 
 born July 4, 1804. 
 
 On June 19, the Confederate cruiser "Alabama" was sunk in a fight off the coast 
 of France, by the United States steamer "Kearsarge." 
 
 July a strong Confederate movement was made against Baltimore and Wash- 
 ington without success. 
 
 In July gold reached 285, the highest preipium ever known. 
 
 August 4 was appointed as a national fast day. 
 
 Admiral Farragut, commanding the Western Gulf Squadron, captures Forts 
 Gaines and Morgan, below Mobile. 
 
 In September and December, Gen. W. T. Sherman makes his famous "march 
 to the sea," entering Savannah, Georgia, December 21. 
 
 Nevada admitted into the Union. 
 
 fContinued on next page) 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1864-Coiitinued. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 National Republican Convention at Baltimore nominating Abraham Lincoln 
 and Andrew Johnson for President and Vice-President. 
 
 National Democratic Convention at Chicago, nominating Gen. George B. 
 McClellan and Geo. H, Pendleton for President and Vice-President. 
 
 January, 1864 — 1st to 10th, Rectortown and Loudon Heights, Va.; 3d, Jones- 
 ville, Va.; 7th, Martin's ^reek, Ark.; 12th, Mayfield, Ky.; 13th, Mossy 
 Creek, Tenn. ; 14th, Bealton, Va.; 16th and 17th,' Dandridge, Tenn.; 20th, 
 Tracy City, Tenn.; 23d, Rolling Prairie, Ark.; 24th, Baker Springs, Ark.; 
 Tazewell, Tenn.; 27th, Fair Gardens or Kelly's Ford, Tenn.; 28th, Tunnel 
 Hill, Ga.; 29th, Medley, W. Va. 
 
 February 1st, Smithville, Va.; 1st to 8d, New Berne, N. C; 1st to March 8th, 
 Expedition up the Yazoo River, Miss.; 3d to March 5th, Expedition from 
 Vicksburg to Meridian, Miss., including Champion Hills, Raymond, Clin- 
 ton, Jackson, Decatur, Chunky Station, occupation of Meridan, Lauderdale 
 Springs and Marion, Miss. Union 56 killed, 138 wounded, 105 missing. 
 Confederate 503 killed and wounded, 212 captured. 5th, Qualltown, N. C. ; 
 Cape Girardeau, Mo.; 6th, Bolivar, Tenn.; Morton's Ford, Va.; 7th, Vidalia, 
 La.; 9th, Morgan's Mills, Ark.; 9th to 14th, Barber's Place, St. Mary's 
 River, Lake City and Gainesville, Fla.: 10th to 25th, Smith's Raid from 
 Germantown, Tenn., into Mississippi; 12th, Rock House, W. Va.; 14th, 
 Ross Landing, Ark.; Brentsville, Va.; 14th and 15th, Waterproof, La.; 
 19th, Grosse Tete Bayou, La.; near Batesville, Ark.; 20th, Holston River, 
 Tenn.; Olustee or Silver Lake, Fla. Union 193 killed, 1,175 wounded, 460 
 missing. Confederate 100 killed, 400 wounded. 22d, Mulberry Gap, 
 Tenn.; Drainesville, Va.; Johnson's Mills, Tenn.; 23d and March 18th, Calf 
 Killer Creek, Tenn.; 25th to 27th, Buzzard Roost, Tunnel Hill and Rocky 
 Face, Ga. ; 28th to March 4th, Kilpatrick's Raid, Stevensburg to Rich- 
 mond, Va.; Kilpatrick's Cavalry. Union 330 killed, wounded and 
 captured. Confederate 308 killed, wounded and captured. 
 
 March 1st, Standardsville and Burton's Ford, Rapidan, Va.; 2d, Harrisonburg, 
 La.; 5th, Panther Springs, Tenn.; 7th, Decatur, Ala; Army of the Tennes- 
 see, commanded by Brigadier-General Dodge; 9th, Suffolk, Va.; 14th, Fort 
 De Russy, La.; 15th, Clarendon, Ark.; 17th, Manchester, Tenn.; 21st, Hen- 
 derson Hills, La.; 24th, Union City, Ky.; 25th, Fort Anderson, Paducah, 
 Ky. Confederate Brigadier-General Thompson killed. 26th to 30th, Long- 
 view and Mt. Elba, Ark.; 28th, Charleston, 111 ; attack on 54th Illinois by 
 mob of Copperheads while returning to the front from veteran furlough; 
 29th, Bolivar, Tenn.; 31st, Near Snydersville, Miss. 
 
 April 1st, Near Augusta, Ark. ; 2d, Spoonville, Ark.; Crump's Hill or Piney 
 Woods, La.; 3d, Okalona, Ark.; 4th, Campti, La.; 4th to 6th, Elkin's Ford, 
 Ark.; 5th, Roseville, Ark.; Stone's Farm; 6th, Quicksand Creek, Ky.; 7th, 
 Wilson's Farm, La ; Near Port Hudson, La. ; 8th and 9th, Sabine Cross 
 Roads and Pleasant Hills, La. Union 300 killed, 1,600 wounded, 2,100 
 missing. Confederate 600 killed, 2,400 wounded, 500 missing. Union 
 Major-General Franklin and Brigadier-General Ransom wounded. Con- 
 federate Major-General Mouton and Brigadier-General Parsons killed. 
 10th to 13th, Prairie D'Ann, Ark.; 12th, Pleasant Hill Landing, La.; 13th, 
 Moscow, Ark.; 13th and 14th, Paintsville and Half-Mount, Ky.; 14th, 
 Smithfield or Cherry Grove, Va. ; 15th, Bristoe Station, Va.; 15th and 16th, 
 Liberty P. O.; and occupation of Camden, Ark.; 17th, Decatur, Ala.; 17th 
 to 20th, Plymouth, N. C; Lieutenant-Commander Flusser, U. S. N., killed; 
 18th, Poison Springs, eight miles from Camden, Ark.; Boykin's Mills, S. 
 C; 21st, Cotton Plant, Cache River, Ark.; Red Bone, Miss.; 22d, Near 
 Tunica Bend, Red River, La.; 23d, Nickajack Trace, Ga.; Moneti's Bluff, 
 Cane River and Clouters villa, La.; 25th, Mark's Mills, Ark.; 25th and 26th, 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1864-Continued. 
 
 NAilES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 Wautauga Bridge, Tenn. ; 26th, Moro Creek, Ark.; 29th, Princeton, Ark.; 
 30th, Jenkin's Ferry, Saline River, Ark. 
 May 1st, Jacksonville, Fla.; 1st to 8th, Hudnot's Plantation, and near Alexan- 
 dria, La.; 2d, Governor Moore's Plantation, La.; 3d, Red Clay, Ga.; Rich- 
 land, Ark.; 4th, Doubtful Canon, Ariz.; 4th to 12th, Kautz's Cavalry Raid 
 from Suffolk, Wall's Bridge, Stoney Creek Station, Jarrett's Station, White's 
 Bridge to City Point, Va.; 4th to 13th, Yazoo City expedition, including 
 Benton and Vaughn, Miss.; 5th, Roanoke River, N. C; U. S. Gunboats; 
 Dunn's Bayou, Red River, La.; 5th to 7th, Wilderness, Va.; Army of the 
 Potomac, Major-General George G. Meade; Second Corps, Major-General 
 Hancock; Fifth Corps, Major-General Warren; Sixth Corps, Major-General 
 Sedgwick; Ninth Corps, Major-General Burnside and Sheridan's Cavalry. 
 Union 5,597 killed, 21,463 wounded, 10,677 missing. Confederate 2,000 
 killed, 6,000 wounded, 3,400 missing. Union Brigadier-Generals Wads- 
 worth, Hays and Webb killed. Confederate Ge'nerals Jones and Pickett 
 killed, and Longstreet, Pegram, Stafford, Hunter and Jennings wounded. 
 5th to 9th, Rocky Face Ridge, Ga., including Tunnel Hill, Mill Creek Gap 
 and Buzzard's Roost; Army of the Cumberland, Major-General Thomas; 
 Army of the Tennessee, Major-General McPherson; Army of the Missis- 
 sippi, Major-General Sherman. Union 200 killed, 637 wounded. Confed- 
 erate 600 killed and wounded. 6th, James River, near City Point, Va.; U. 
 S. Gunboat "Commodore Jones;" 6th and 7th, Richmond and Petersburg 
 Railroad, near Chester Station, Va.; 7th, Bayou La Mourie, La.; 8th, Todd's 
 Tavern, Va.; 8th to 18th, Spottsylvania, Fredericksburg Road, Laurel Hill 
 and Ny River, Va.; Army of the Potomac, Major-General Meade; Second 
 Corps, Major-General Hancock; Fifth Corps, Major-General Warren: Sixth 
 Corps, Major-General Wright; Ninth Corps, Major-General Burnside and 
 Sheridan's Cavalry. Union 4,177 killed, 19,687 wounded, 2,577 missing. 
 Confederate 1,000 killed, 5 000 wounded, 3,000 missing. Union Major-Gen- 
 eral Sedgwick and Brigadier-Generals Rice, Owens and Stevenson killed, 
 Brigadier-Generals Robertson, Bartlett, Morris and Baxter wounded. 
 Confederate Generals Daniels and Perrin killed, Hayes and Walker 
 wounded, and Major-General Ed. Johnson and Brigadier-General Stewart 
 captured. 9th, Varnell's Station, Ga.; 9th and 10th, Swift Creek or Arrow- 
 field Church, Va.; Cloud's Mountain and New River Bridge, Va. Union 
 126 killed, 585 wounded. Confederate 600 killed and wounded, 300 missing. 
 9th to 13th, Sheridan's Cavalry Raid in Virginia, engagements Beaver 
 Dam Station, South Anna Bridge, Ashland and Yellow Tavern. Union 50 
 killed, 174 wounded, 200 missing. Confederate killed and wounded not 
 recorded; 100 prisoners. Confederate Major-General J. E. B. Stuart killed, 
 and J. B. Gordon wounded. 12th to 16th, Fort Darling, Drury's Bluff, Va.; 
 12th to 17th, Kautz's Raid on Petersburg & Lynchburg Railroad, Va.; 13th 
 to 16th, Resaca, Ga.; Fourth, Fourteenth, Twentieth and Cavalry Corps, 
 Army of the Cumberland, Major-General Thomas; Fifteenth and Sixteenth 
 Corps Army of the Tennessee. Major-General McPherson. and Twenty- 
 third Corps Army of the Ohio, Major-General Schofield. Union 600 killed, 
 2,147 wounded. Confederate 300 killed, 1,500 wounded, 1,000 missing. 
 Confederate Brigadier-General Wadkins killed. 15th, Mount Pleasant 
 Landing, La.; New Market, Va.; Major-General Sigel's Command. Union 
 120 killed, 560 wounded, 240 missing. Confederate 85 killed, 320 wounded; 
 Tanner's Bridge, Ga.; 16th to 30th, Bermuda Hundred, Va Union 200 
 killed, 1,000 wounded. Confederate 3,000 killed, wounded and missing. 
 17th and 18th, Adairsville and Calhoun, Ga.; 18th, Rome and Kingston, 
 Ga.; Bayou De Glaize or Cahoun Station, La.; 19th to 22d, Gassville, Ga.; 
 21st, Mount Pleasant, Miss.; 23d to 27th, North Anna River, Jericho Ford 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1864-Continiied. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 or Taylor's Bridge, and Talopotomv Creek, Va.; Major-General Meade. 
 Union 223 killed, 1,460 wounded, 290 missing. Confederate 2,000 killed 
 and wounded. 24th, Holly Springs, Miss.; Wilson's Wharf, Va.; Nash- 
 ville, Tenn., 25th to June 4th, Dallas, Ga., also called New Hope Church 
 and Allatoona Hills ; Fourth, Fourteenth, Twentieth and Cavalry Corps 
 Army of the Cumberland, Major-General Thomas; Twenty-third Corps, 
 Major-Genrral Schofield ; Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Corps 
 Army of the Tennessee, Major-General McPherson; Army of the Missis- 
 sippi, Major-General Sherman. Union 2,400 killed, wounded and missing. 
 Confederate 3,000 killed, wounded and missing. Confederate Major-Gen- 
 eral Walker killed. 25th, Cassville Station, Ga.; 26th, Torpedo explosi' n 
 on Bachelor's Creek, N. C; 26th to 29th, Decatur and Moulton, Ala.; 27 u. 
 and 28th, Hanoverton, Hawe's shop and Salem Church, Va ; 30th, Hanover 
 and Ashland, Va.; Old Church, Va.; Torbett's Cavalry. 
 June 1st to 12th, Cold Harbor, Va., including Gaines' Mills, Salem Church and 
 Hawe's Shop ; Second, Fifth, Sixth, Ninth and Eighteenth Corps and 
 Sheridan's Cavalry. Union 1,905 killed, 10,570 wounded, 2,456 missing. 
 Confederate 1,200 killed and wounded, 500 missing. Union Brigadier- 
 Generals Brookes and Byrnes killed, and Tyler, Stannard and Johnson 
 wounded. Confederate Brigadier-Generals Doles and Keitt killed, and 
 Kirkland, Finnegan, Law and Lane wounded. 2d, Bermuda Hundred, 
 Va.; 3d to 6th, Panther Gap and Buffalo Gap, W. Va.; 5th, Piedmont, W. 
 Va.; portion of Army of West Virginia, commanded bv Major-General 
 Hunter. Union 130 killed, 650 wounded. Confederate 460 killed, 1.450 
 wounded, 1.060 missing. Confederate General W. E. Jones killed. 6th, 
 Lake Chicot, Ark.; 9th, Point of Rocks. Md.; Mt. Sterling, Ky.; 9th to 
 30th, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta or Big Shanty, Ga., including general 
 assault on the 27th, Pine Mountain, Golgotha, Culp's House and Powder 
 Springs ; Fourth, Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, Army of the Cumber- 
 land, Major-General Thomas; Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeeth Corps, 
 Army of the Tennessee, Major-General McPherson; Twenty-third Corps, 
 Major-General Schofield; Army of the Mississippi, Major-General W. T. 
 Sherman. Union 1,370 killed, 6,500 wounded, 800 missing. Confederate 
 1,100 killed and wounded, 3,500 missing. Union Brigadier-Generals Har- 
 ker and McCook killed. Confederate Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk 
 killed. 10th, Petersburg, Va.; Brice's Cross Roads, near Guntown; 55th 
 and 59th U. S. Colored, Brigadier-General Grierson's Cavalry. Union 223 
 killed, 394 wounded, 1,623 missing. Confederate 131 killed, '475 wounded. 
 Cynthiana and Keller's Bridge, Ky. ; 10th and 11th, Lexington, W. Va. ; 
 ll'th, Cynthiana, Ky.; 11th and 12th, Trevillian Station, Va.; 13th, White 
 Oak Swamp Bridge, Va.; 14th, Lexington, Mo.; 15th, Samaria Church, 
 Malvern Hill, Va.; 15th to 19th, Petersburg, Va. (commencement of the 
 siege that continued to its fall, April 2, 1865) ; Tenth and Eighteenth 
 Corps, Army of the James, Major-General B. F. Buttler; Second, Fifth, 
 Sixth and Ninth Corps, Army of the Potomac, Major-General George G. 
 Meade. Union 1,298 killed, 7,474 wounded, 1,814 missing. 16th, Otter 
 Creek, near Liberty, Va. ; 17th and 18th, Lynchburg, Va. Union 100 killed, 
 500 wounded, 100 missing. Confederate 200 killed and wounded. 19th, 
 Capture of the "Alabama" off Cherbourg, France, by U. S. Steamer " Kear- 
 sarge;" 20th to 30th, In front of Petersburg, Va. ; Union Generals Cham- 
 berlain and Egan wounded; 21st,. Salem, Va ; Naval engagement on the 
 James River, near Dutch Gap; Buford's Gap, Va.; 22d, White River, Ark.; 
 22d and 23d, Weldon Railroad, Williams' Farm or Jerusalem Plank Road, 
 Va. Union 604 killed, 2,494 wounded, 2.217 missing. Confederate 300 
 wounded, 200 missing. 22d to 30th, Wilson's Raid on the Weldon Rail- 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1864— Continued. 
 
 NAHES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 road, Va. Union 92 killed, 317 wounded, 734 missing. Confederate 365 
 killed and wounded. 23d and 24th, Jones' Bridge and Samaria Church, 
 Va.; 25th to 29th, Clarendon, St. Charles River, Ark. 
 
 July 1st to 31st, In front of Petersburg, including Deep Bottom, New Market 
 and Malvern Hill, on the 27th, and mine explosion on the 30th, Union 898 
 killed, 4,060 wounded, 3,110 missing. Confederate loss at Deep Bottom 400 
 killed, 600 wounded, 200 missing. 2d, Pine Bluff, Ark.; Fort Johnson, 
 James Island, S. C; 2d to 5th, Nickajack Creek, Ga.; 3d, Leetown, Va.; 
 Hammack's Mills, W. Va.; 3d to 9th, Expedition from Vicksburg to Jack- 
 son, Miss.; 4th, Vicksburg, Miss.; 4th and 5th, Coleman's Plantation, near 
 Port Gibson, Miss.; 4th to 7th, Bolivar and Maryland Heights; 5th, Hagers- 
 town, Md.; 5th to 7th. John's Island, S. C; 5th to 18th, Smith's Expedition, 
 La Grange, Tenn., to Tupelo, Miss.; 6th, Little Blue, Mo.; 6th to 10th, 
 Chattahoochee River, Ga.; Army of the Ohio, Major-General Schofield ; 
 Army of the Tennessee, Major-General McPherson; Army of the Cumber- 
 land, Major-General Thomas; Army of the Mississippi, Major-General W. 
 T. Sherman. Union 80 killed, 450 wounded, 200 missing. 7th, Solomon's 
 Gap and Middleton, Md.; 9th, Monocacy, Md.; 11th to 22d, Rosseau's Raid 
 in Alabama and Georgia; 12th, Fort Stevens, Washington, D. C. Union 54 
 killed, 319 wounded. Confederate 500 killed and wounded. 12th, Lee's Mills, 
 near Ream's Station, Va.; 14th, Farr's Mills, Ark.; 14th and 15th, Ozark 
 Mo.; 16th and 17th, Grand Gulf, Port Gibson, Miss.; 17th and 18th, Snick- 
 ker's Gap, and Island Ford, Va.; 18th, Ashby's Gap, Va.; 19th and 20th, 
 Darksville, Stevenson's Depot and Winchester, Va. ; 20th, Peach Tree 
 Creek, Ga. ; Fourth, Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, Major-General 
 George H. Thomas. Union 300 killed, 1,410 wounded. Confederate 1,113 
 killed, 2,-500 wounded, 1,183 missing. Confederate Brigadier-Generals 
 Featherstone, Long, Pettis and Stevens killed. 22d, Atlanta, Ga. (Hood's 
 first sortie); Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Corps, Major-General 
 McPherson. Union 500 killed, 2,141 wounded, 1,000 missmg. Confederate 
 2,482 killed, 4,000 wounded, 2,017 missing. Union Major-General McPher- 
 son and Brigadier-General Greathouse killed. 22d, Decatur, Ga. ; Confed- 
 erate Major-General Walker killed; 23d and 24th, Kernstown and 
 Winchester, Va.; Portion of Army of West Virginia. Union 1,200 killed 
 and wounded. Confederate 600 killed and wounded. 26th, Wallace's 
 Ferry, Ark.; 26th to 31st, Stoneman's Raid to Macon, Ga. ; McCook's Raid 
 to Lovejoy Station, Ga.; 27th, Mazzard Prairie, Fort Smith, Ark.; 28th, 
 Atlanta, Ga. (second sortie, at Ezra Chapel); Fifteenth, Sixteenth and 
 Seventeenth Corps, Major-General Howard. Union 100 killed, 600 wounded. 
 Confederate 642 killed, 3,000 wounded, 1,000 missing. 28th to September 
 22d, Siege of Atlanta, Ga.; Army of the Military Division of the Mississippi, 
 Major-General W. T. Sherman; 29th, Clear Springs, Md. ; 30th, Lee's Mills, 
 Va.; Lebanon, Ky.; 28th, Tah-Kah-o-Kutz, Dak. 
 
 August 1st to 31st, In front of Petersburg, Va. Union 87 killed, 484 wounded. 
 2d, Green Springs, W. Va.; 5th, Donaldsonville. La.; 5th to 23d, Forts 
 Gaines and Morgan, Mobile Harbor. Ala.; Thirteenth Corps and Admiral 
 Farragut's Fleet of War Vessels. Union 75 killed, 100 drowned by sinking 
 of the "Tecumseh," 170 wounded. Confederate 2,344 captured. 6th, 
 Plaquemine, La.; 7th, Moorefield, Va.; 7th to 14th, Tallahatchie River, 
 Abbeville, Oxford and Hurricane Creek, Miss.; 9th, Explosion of ammuni- 
 tion at City Point,Va. ; 10th and Uth, Berry ville Pike, Sulphur Springs Bridge 
 and White Post, Va.; 13th, near Snicker's Gap, Va. ; Uth, Gravel Hill, Va. ; 
 Uth to 16th, Dalton, Ga.; Uth to 18th, Strawberry Plains, Va. ; Second and 
 Tenth Corps and Gregg's Cavalry. Union 400 killed, 1,755 wounded, 1,400 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE TEAR 1864— Continued. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 missing. Confederate 1,000 wounded. 15th, Fisher's Hill, near Strasburg, 
 Va.; 16th, Crooked Run, Front Royal, Va.; 17th, Gainesville, Fla.; Win- 
 chester, Va.; 18th, 19th and 21st, Six-mile House, Weldon Railroad, Va. 
 Union 212 killed, 1,155 wounded, 3,176 missing. Confederate 2,000 wounded, 
 2,000 missing. Confederate Brigadier-Generals Saunders and Lamar 
 killed, and Claigman, Barton, Finnegan and Anderson wounded. 18th to 
 22d, Kilpatrick's Raid on the Atlanta Railroad; 19th, Snicker's Gap, Pike. 
 Va,; Martinsburg, Va., Averill's Cavalry; Pine Bluff, Tennessee River; 
 Tenn., 21st, Summit Point, Berry ville and Flowing Springs, Va. ; Memphis, 
 Tenn.; 21st and 22d, College or Oxford Hill, Miss.; 23d, Abbeville, Miss.; 
 24th, Fort Smith, Ark.; Jones' Hay Station and Ashley Station, Ark.; 24th 
 and 25th, Bermuda Hundred, Va.; 24th to 27th, Halltown, Va.; 25th, Smith- 
 field and Shepherdstown, Va.; Ream's Station, Va. Union 127 killed, 546 
 wounded, 1,769 missing. Confederate 1,500 killed and wounded. 27th and 
 28th, Holly Springs, Miss.; 29th, Smithfield, Va.;-31st, Block House, No. 5, 
 Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, Tenn.; 31st and September 1st, Jones- 
 boro', Ga. Union 1,149 killed and wounded. Confederate 2,000 killed, 
 wounded and missing. Confederate Brigadier-Generals Anderson, Cum- 
 mings and Patten killed. 8th, Two Hills, Dak. (Bad Lands); 12th, Little 
 Blue, Dak.; 28th, Fort Cottonwood, Nevada. 
 
 September 1st to 8ih, Rosseau's pursuit of Wheeler in Tenn. ; 1st to October 80th, 
 in front of Petersburg; army of the Potomac Union 170 killed, 822 
 wounded. 812 missing. Confederate 1,000 missing; 2d, Fall of Atlanta, 
 Ga.; twentieth corps. Confederate 200 captured; 2d to 6th, Lovejoy Station, 
 Ga.; 3d and 4th, Berryville, Va. ; Greenville, Tenn.; Confederate Gen. John 
 Morgan killed; 6th, Searcy, Ark.; 10th, capture of Fort Hell. Va ; I3th, 
 Lock's Ford, Va ; i6th. Sycamore Church, Va.; 16th and 18th, Fort Gibson] 
 Ind. Ter ; \1ih, Belcher's Mills, Va.; 19th to 22d, Winchester and Fisher's 
 Hill, Va.; Sixth, Eighth and 1st and 2d Divisions of the Nineteenth Corps; 
 Averill's and Torbett's Cav., Maj. -Gen. Phil. Sheridan. Union 698 killed, 
 4,033 wounded, 623 missing. Confederate 3 250 killed and wounded, 3.600 
 captured. Union Brig.-Gen'ls Russell and Mulligan killed and Mcintosh. 
 Upton and Chapman wounded. Confederate Maj -Gen'ls Rhodes and Brig.- 
 Gen'ls Gordon and Goodwin killed, and Fitz Hugh Lee, Terry, Johnson and 
 Wharton wounded; 23d. Athens, Ala. Rockport. Mo ; 24th, Fayette, Mo ; 26th 
 and 27th, Pilot Knob or fronton, Mo. Union 28 killed. 56 wounded, 100 miss- 
 ing. Confederate 1,500 killed and wounded; 27th. Centralia, Mo. ; Marianna. 
 Fla.; 28th to 30th. New Market Heights or Laurel Hill, Va. Union 400 
 killed, 2,02y wounded. Confederate 2,000 killed and wounded; 29th, Cen- 
 terville, Tenn ; ,29th and 30th, Leesburg and Harrison, Mo ; 30th and' Octo- 
 ber 1st, Poplar Springs Church, Va. Union 141 killed, 788 wounded. 1,756 
 missing. Confederate 800 wounded, 100 missing; Arthur's Swamp, Va.; 
 16th to 18th, Fort Gibson, Indian Ter.; 18th; Fort Cottonwood, Nevada; 19th,' 
 Cabin Greek, Indian Ter.; 27th, Fort Rice, Dak. 
 
 October 2d, Waynesboro. Va.; Saltville, Va.; 5th, Jackson, La.; Allatoona. 
 Ga. Union 142 killed, 352 wounded, 212 missing. Confederate 231 
 killed, 500 wounded, 411 missing; 7th, New Market, Va. ; 7th to 11th, 
 Jefferson City, ealifornia and Boonville, Mo. (Price's Invasion); 7th and 
 13th, Darbytowd Road, Va. Confederate Gen. Gregg killed; 9th Tom's 
 Brook Fisher's Hill.Va ; 10th, East Point, Miss. ; 11th, Fort Donnelson.Tenn. ; 
 13th. Reconnoissance to Strasburg, Va.; Dalton, Ga.; Buzzard Roost. Ga.; 
 15th, Glasgow, Mo. Union 400 wounded and missing. Confederate 50 
 killed and wounded; 19th, Lexington, Mo.; Cedar Creek. Va. (Sheridan's 
 Ride.) Sixth Corps, Eighth Corps and ist and 2d Divisions Nineteenth 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1864— Continued. 
 
 NAHES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 Corps, Merritt's, Custer's and Torbett's Cav. Union 588 killed, 3,516 
 wounded, l,b9l missing. Confederate 3,000 killed and wounded, 1,200 
 missing. Union Brig -Gen'ls Bidwell and Thorburn killed. Maj -Gen'ls 
 Wright, Ricketts and Grover. and Brig. -Gen'ls Ketchem, McKenzie, Pen- 
 rose, Hamlin, Devins, Duval and Lowell wounded. Confederate Maj.- 
 Gen. Ramseur killed and Battle and Conner wounded; 21st and 2vd, 
 Little Blue and Independence, Mo ; 28d, Hurricane Creek. Miss.; 26th to 
 29th; Decatur Ala. ; 27th. Hatcher's Run, Va. ; 27th and 28th, Fair Oaks, 
 Va.; 28th, Morristown, Tenn.; 28th 30th, Newtonia, Mo.; 29th, Beverly, W. 
 Va ; 30th, Near Brownsville, Ark. 
 
 November 1st to -ith. Union Station, Tenn.; 5th, Fort Sedgwick or Fort Hill, 
 Va.; 9th, Atlanta, Ga.; 12th, Newton and Silver Springs, Va.; I3th, Bull's 
 Gap, Tenn.; 16th, Lovejoy Station and Bear Creek S.tation. Ga. ; 17th, Ber- 
 muda Hundred, Va.; l»th, Myerstown, Va-; 2Uth Macon, Ga.; 22d, Gris- 
 woldville, Ga.; Rood's Hill, Va.; Lawrenceburg. Campbellville and Lynn- 
 ville, Tenn.; 26th, Saundersville. Ga ; 26th to 29th, Sylvan Grove, Waynes- 
 boro', Brown's Cross Roads. 29th and 30th, Spring Hill and Franklin, 
 Tenn. Union 189 killed, 1,033 wounded, 1,104 missing. Confedrate 1,750 
 killed, 3,800 wounded, 702 missing. Union Major General Stanley and 
 Bradley wounded Confederate Major General Cleborne Brigadier Gen- 
 erals Adams, Williams Strahl, Geist and Cranberry killed. Major General 
 Brown and Brigadier Generals Carter. Manigault, Quarles Cockrell and 
 Scott wounded. 30th, Honey Hill or Grahamville, S C; Union 66 killed, 
 645 wounded. 
 
 December 1st, Stoney Creek Station, Weldon Railroad, Va.; twelve miles from 
 Yazoo, Miss.; 1st to 14th, in front oi Nashville, Tenn.; 1st to 31st in front 
 of Petersburg, Army of the Potomac; 2d and 3d. Block house No. 2, Mill 
 Creek, Chattanooga, Tenn.; 3d, Thomas' Station, Ga. ; 4th, Block house No. 
 7. Tenn.; 5th to 8th, Murfreesboro, Tenn., General Rosseau's troops; 6th to 
 9th, Deveaux's Neck, S. C. Union 39 killed, 390 wounded, 200 missing. 
 Confederate 400 killed and wounded. 7th to 9th, Eden Station, Ogeeohee 
 River Ga. ; 7th to 11th, Weldon Railroad expedition; 8th and 9th, Hatcher's 
 Run, Va. ; 8th to 28th, raid to Gordonsville, Va. ; 10th to 21st, siege of Savan- 
 nah, Ga. Union 200 wounded. Confederate 800 missing. 12th to 21st. 
 Stoneman's raid from Bean's Station, Tenn., to Saltville, Va. ; 13th, Fort 
 Fort McAllister. Ga ; 14th, Memphis. Tenn. 15th and 16th, Nashvill-e, 
 Tenn. Union 400 killed. 1 740 wounded. Confederate 4,463 missing. 17th, 
 Franklin, Tenn.; 17th to 19th. Mitchell s Creek, Fla , and Pine Barren Creek, 
 Ala ; 20th, Lacey's Springs; 25ih, Fort Fisher, N. C; 28th, Egypt Station, 
 Miss. Confederate Brigadier General Gholson killed. 
 
 BILTMORE. 
 
 Mr. George W. Vanderbilt's estate at Biltmore, N. C, is probably the largest of 
 its kind in the world. It contains 100,000 acres, and is under scientific culti- 
 vation. Landscape gardening is an art with him, and German, English, 
 French, Italian and American florists and g«ardeners of high degree are 
 employed to make this place the most beautiful in the world. His handsome 
 villa embraces wealth, elegance, comfort and convenience, and the works of art 
 to be found within its walls are from the world at large. The estate is an edu- 
 cator and is not maintained to flatter the pride, the appetite or the vanity of 
 the owner. Nearly one thousand persons are employed, and they are satis- 
 fied to live in America, to work for an American, and to be paid in American 
 gold. 
 
If we live beyond our means 
 toe are dishoneat^satne one else 
 pays the bills* 
 
 1865 
 
 Your tvords are like pebbles 
 thrown into the sea— the ripples 
 go on forever. 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 NAHES AND DATES OF BATTLES. 
 
 Edward Everett died January 15; was born April 11, 1794. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, President and Vice-President of the 
 United States. Number of States voting, 25; number not voting, 11; elec- 
 torial votes cast 233, of which Lincoln received 212, McOellan, 21; popular 
 vote for Lincoln, 2,216,067; for McClellan, 1,808,725. 
 
 On March II there was a great lockout of the ironworkers of North Strafford- 
 shire. England, causing the loss of $600,000 weekly wages. 
 
 Richard Cobden died April 2. 
 
 A day of thanksgiving was recommended by the President, April 14, and cel- 
 ebrated with joy throughout the loyal States, but the joy was suddenly 
 clouded when on the evening of Friday. April 14. President Lincoln was 
 assassinated by J. Wilkes Booth in the National Theatre at Washington. 
 
 Lord Palmerston died October 18. 
 
 At the close of the Civil war, the United States National debt was about 
 $2,600,000 000. 
 
 (Continued on next page). 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1865-€ontinued. 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF BATTLES, 
 lannary, 1865, 2d, Franklin, Miss.; 2d and 8d, Nauvoo and Thornhill, Ala ; 
 11th, Beverly, W. Va. ; 13th to 15th, Fort Fisher, N. C ; 14th to 16th, Poco- 
 taligo, S. C; 16th, explosion of the magazine at Fort Fisher, N. C; 25th to 
 February 9th, Combahee River and River's Bridge, Salkahatchie, S. C. 
 February 5th to 7th, Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Va. ' Union 232 killed, 
 l,06:<i wounded, 186 missing. Confederate 1,200 killed and wounded. Union 
 Brigadier Generals Morrow, Smythe, Davis, Gregg. Ayres, Sickel and Gwyn 
 wounded. Confederate General Pegram killed and Sorrel wounded. 8th to 
 14th, Williston, Aiken and Blackville, S C; lOth, James Island, S. C. 
 March 6th, Olive Branch. La.; Natural Bridge, Fla. ; 8th to lOth, "Wilcox's Bridge, 
 N. C. Union 8u killed. 420 wounded, 600 missing. Confederate 1,500 
 killed, wounded and missing. 16th, Averysboro', N. C. Union 77 killed, 
 477 wounded. Confederate 108 killed, 640 wounded, 217 missing. 19th to 
 21st, Bentonville, N. C. Union 191 killed, 1.168 wounded, 287 missing. 
 Confederate 267 killed; 1.200 wounded, 1,625 missing. 25th, Fort Steadma 
 in front of Petersburg, Va. Union 68 killed. 337 wounded, 506 missing. 
 Confederate 800 killed and wounded, 1.881 missing. Assault of the Second 
 and Sixth Corps. Union 103 killed, 864 wounded, 209 missing. Confeder- 
 ate 834 captured. 26th to April 9th, siege of Mobile, Ala., including Spanish 
 Fort and Port Blakely. Union 213 killed, 1,211 wounded. 
 April 1st, Five Forks, Va. First. Second and Third cavalry divisions and Fifth 
 Corps. Union 124 killed, 706 wounded. Confederate 3,000 killed and 
 wounded, 5,500 captured. 2d, fall of Petersburg. Union 296 killed. 2 565 
 wounded, 500 missing Confederate 3.000 prisoners. 8d, Namozin Church 
 and Willlcomack. Va.; 3d, fall of Richmond, Va. Confederate 6,( 00 prison- 
 ers, of whom 5,000 were sick and wounded. 5th, Amelia Springs. Va. ; 6th, 
 Sailor's Creek, Va Union 166 killed, 1,014 woundecj. Confederate 1,0(0 
 killed and wounded, 6,< 00 prisoners. High Bridge, Appomattox River, 
 Va. Union 10 killed, 31 wounded. 1,000 missing and captured. 7th, Farm- 
 ville, Va. Union 655 killed and wounded. 8th and 9th, Appomattox C. H , 
 Va. ' Union 200 killed and wounded. Confederate 500 killed, 9th, Lee sur- 
 rendered to the Armies of the. Potomac and James, Major General U. S 
 Grant. Confederate 26,000 prisoners. 17th, surrender of Mosby to Major 
 General Hancock. Confederate 7<i0 prisoners. 26th. Johnson surrendered 
 to the Armies of the Tennessee, Georgia and Ohio, Major General Sherman 
 Confederate 29,924 prisoners. 
 May 10th, capture of Jefferson Davis at Irwinsville, Ga. First Wisconsin and 
 Fourth Michigan Cavalry. Union 2 killed. 4 wounded, caused by the pur- 
 suing parties firing on each other. Tallahassee, Fla., surrender of Sam 
 Jones command to detachment of Wilson's cavalry. Major General McCook. 
 Confederate 8,000 prisoners. 11th. Chalk Bluff. Ark., surrender of Jeff 
 Thompson's command to forces under General Dodge. Confederate 7,454 
 prisoners. 13th, Palmetto Ranche, Texas, Thirty-fourth Indiana, Sixty- 
 second U. S. Colored and Second Texas Cavalry. Union 118 killed and 
 wounded. 26th, surrender of Kirby Smith to Major General Canby's com- 
 mand. Confederate 20,000 prisoners. 
 
 The foregoing abstract, taken from the records of the government, is as 
 nearly reliable as can be compiled. Much no doubt could be added were it possi- 
 ble to consult the recollection of every veteran who took part in the engage- 
 ments. January 1. 1861, the army of the United States for active service 
 consisted of 14 663 men. May 1, 1865, there were 797,807 men on active 
 duty, while 202,709 more were absent. During the struggle there were 44,000 
 killed in battle. 186 000 died from disease, 26,000 died in prisons, 49,000 died 
 from wounds, 280,000 were wounded, and 185.000 are recorded as captured and 
 missing. During the four years there were over 2,801), 000 enlistments. 
 

 
 
 
 
 A single moment of passion "i 4^ ^i ^i Some people think, it is manly 
 has caused a life time of sorrow. M. ^5 Vr V-r <o swear— it is just the opposite. 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 January 29, George Peabody gave a second donation of 1500,000 for the relief of 
 
 the poor of London. 
 
 The Civil rights bill passe'd by Congress, April 9. 
 
 The first Atlantic telegraph cable laid. 
 
 A seven weeks' war between Italy and Austria, 
 
 Battle of Sadowa between the Austrians and Russians. 
 
 Great fire in Portland, Maine, July 4. 
 
 The Grand Army of the Republic was organized at Decatur, 111., April 6, by Dr. 
 
 B. F. Stephenson, of Springfield, 111., who was made provisional conomand- 
 
 er-in chief on July 12. 
 
 Building of the Union and Central Pacific Railways. 
 
 Lewis Cass died June 17. 
 
 Withdrawal of the French troops from Mexico. 
 
 The work of reconstructing the Southern States proceeded with considerable 
 
 difficulty. 
 Let our object be our country, our whole country, and nothing but our country. 
 
 —Daniel Webster. 
 

 Be consistent in every-day life 'i i^ ^C ^7 Avoid the path of the wicked, 
 -practice as you preach, M. ^5 Vf M turn from it and pass away. 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Alaska and the Aleutian Islands purchased from Russia for $7 200,000 adding 
 
 to the area of the United States 577,390 square miles, and making the total 
 
 area 3 593 403 square miles. j 
 
 March 29th, the Dominion of Canada formed. 
 
 Maximilian was shot atQueretaro, Mexico and the Juarez government established 1 
 
 June 17. 
 
 President Andrew Johnson issued a general and unconditional proclamation of | 
 
 amnesty. 
 
 John A. Andrew, the twenty-first governor of Massachusetts, died October 30. 
 
 Celebration of the three hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Reformation 
 
 October 31. 
 
 Elias Howe, inventor of sewing machines died October 3. 
 
 George Peabody gave $2,000,000 to endow schools in the Southern States. 
 
 National Bankrupt Law passed by United States Congress, 
 
 Nebraska admitted in the Union. 
 
 International Exposition at Paris. 
 
 The Abyssinian war breaks out. 
 
 The noblest motive is the public good. — Virgil. 
 
 
But woe unto you that are rich! -d C% ^ C% ^^ angry man stirreth up 
 for ye have received your conso- 1 5|C ff\ 1% strife. A nian*s pride shall bring 
 lation.-Luke VI. 24. R %J Xj O 't**'* low.-Prov. XXIX. 20-21. 
 
 
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 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 • • 
 
 
 27 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 The Burlingame treaty made with China. 
 
 Violent eruption of Mount Vesuvius, January 27, causing considerable damage. 
 
 On March 11. a hurricane in the Mauritius causes the loss of 50,000 lives. 
 
 Magdalain Abyssinia stormed by the British, when King Theodore commits 
 
 suicide rather than be captured. 
 
 James Buchanan died June i. 
 
 On February 24 the House of Representatives passed a resolution that President 
 
 Johnson be impeached for high crimes and misdemeanors — yeas, 126; nays, 
 
 47; not voting, 17. The Senate refused to concur by a two-thirds vote as re- 
 
 quired by law— guilty 35. not guiltv, 19. 
 
 '"ongress passed the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, 
 
 National Democratic Convention held in New Ynrk, Horatio Seymour and Frank 
 
 P. Blair b'-ing nominated for President and Vice-President. 
 
 National Republican Convention held in Chicago, Ulysses S Grant and Schuy- 
 
 ler Colifax being nominated for President and Vice-President. 
 
 Bets at first were fool traps, where the wise like spiders lay in ambush for the 
 
 flies — Dry den 
 
 
 

 •' Time and tide wait for no -^ O ^ /^ ''** ^^*^ Century is nearly 
 man.'" NOW is the accepted time. | 5^ r\ If gone. What have I donfi for the 
 Improve it. M C/ Vr >^ unfortunate? 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
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 October... 
 
 
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 • • 
 
 
 26 
 
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 31 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 March 4, Ulysses S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax, President and Vice-President of 
 
 the United States. Number of States voting 34; not voting 3; total electoral 
 
 votes cast 294, of which Ulysses S Grant received 214. and Horatio Seymour, 
 
 80. Popular vote for Grant, 3 015 071; for Seymour, 2.709, 613, 
 
 May 9, completion of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad connections, 
 
 making the first through railroad route across the continent. 
 
 George Peabody gave an additional million dollars to the American Southern 
 
 Educational Fund 
 
 French Atlantic Telegraph Cable laid July 24. 
 
 September 24 called 'Black Friday," when a great panic occurred in the money 
 
 and stock markets of all the large cities in the United States. 
 
 Franklin Pierce died October li. 
 
 George Peabody died November 4. 
 
 Commodore Stewart ("Old Ironsides") died November 6. 
 
 , General John A. RaAvlins died September 6. 
 
 Troublous outlook between Germany and France. 
 
 Daniel Webster struck me much like a steam engine in troyrsers.— Sidney Smith. 
 
 

 
 
 A nation cannot exist half slave ■ i^ ^J m\ "They also serve who only stand 
 and half free.— Lincoln. J| O £ \J «»»<' wait.''—mnon. 
 
 
 
 January... 
 
 S 
 
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 Mav 
 
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 31 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 
 Alexander Dumas died December, born 1803. 
 
 
 - United States Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution and 
 
 
 the Enforcement act. 
 
 
 Charles Dickens died June 9 
 
 
 September i, surrender of Louis Napoleon at Sedan with 80.000 men. Same 
 
 
 date, the French Republic declared. 
 
 
 September 19, the siege of Paris by the German Army. 
 
 
 Capitulation of Strasburg September 28. 
 
 
 October 27, the surrender of the French Army of 170,000 men to the Germans. 
 
 
 French Government located at Bordeaux in December. 
 
 
 Rome again the capital of Italy. 
 
 
 Unification of Germany. 
 
 
 Ninth United States census taken, showing 38,558,371 population. 
 
 
 General Robert E Lee died October 12. 
 
 
 Admiral D G. Farragut died August I4. 
 
 
 Fenian raids into Canada February 3. 
 
 M 
 
 Peace is the soft and holy shadow that virtue casts.— 5. W. STiaw. 
 
The light house warns the mav' 
 iner — watch the beacon light. 
 
 1871 
 
 ' A lost gem may he found- 
 lost moment is gone forever. 
 
 
 S 
 
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 January... 
 
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 Septemb'r 
 
 October.... 
 
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 4: 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 King William was proclaimed Emperor of Germany at Versailles on January i8. 
 The city af Paris capitulated to the German Army January 28, which practically 
 
 closed the Franco-Prussian War. 
 Terrible scenes in Paris while in the hands of the Commune. April 6. 
 Destruction of the Column of the Vendome by the Communists of' Paris. May 16. 
 May 10, Treaty of Peace between France and Germany signed at Frankfort, 
 Treaty to consider the Alabama claims signed at Washington. 
 October 9 the greatest fire ever known in the United States broke out at Chicago, 
 
 resulting in the loss of an unknown number of lives and $200,000,000 worth 
 
 of property. Over 18 000 buildings were destroyed. 
 The Grand Duke Alexis of Russia visited the United States December i. 
 Geneva tribunal on Alabama claims convened December 15. 
 
 O God. Thy power is wonderful; 
 
 Thy glory passing bright; 
 Thy wisdom, with its deep on deep, 
 
 A rapture to the sight. — Faber. 
 
Tiie gninbler 
 
 cide.—Galton. 
 
 is a moral sui- 
 
 1872 
 
 Generosity is the flower of Jus- 
 tice.— Hawtborne. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
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 Jti Hilary... 
 
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 HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 General amnesty bill passed by United States Congress January 16. 
 
 Japanese embassy arrived at Washington March i. 
 
 Samuel F. B. Morse, inventor of the telegraph, died April 2. 
 
 National Republican Convention at Philadelphia renominated Ulysses S. Grant 
 for President, and Henry Wilson for Vice-President. 
 
 The Democratic and Liberal National Convention met at Cincinnati and nomi- 
 nated Horace Greeley and B. Gratz Brown for President and Vice-President. 
 
 September 14, an award of $15,500,000 was made by the Geneva tribunal to the 
 - United States for losses incurred by the Anglo-Confederate cruisers. - 
 
 On October 23, the Emperor of Germany decided in favor of the United States 
 regarding the San Juan boundary. 
 
 The epizootic plague among horses prevailed during October. 
 
 November 6, evacuation of French territory by German troops. 
 
 Great fire in Boston November g, nearly 800 buildings being destroyed, involving 
 a loss of $73,600,000. 
 
 William H. Seward died October 10. 
 
 Horace Greeley died November 29. 
 
liook not thou upon the wine 
 when it is red— 
 
 1873 
 
 At the last it biteth like a ser- 
 pent, and stingeth like anMdder. 
 
 -Prov. 23-31. 
 
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 27 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Louis Napoleon died at Chiselhurst, England, January g. 
 
 Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton died January i8. 
 
 Mexican Railway opened from Vera Cruz to the capital in January, 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant and Henry Wilson. President and Vice-President of the United 
 
 States. Number of States voting 37; total electoral vote, 366; of which 
 
 Grant received 286. Of the popular vote. Grant received 3 597,070, and 
 
 Greeley, 2 834,079. 
 On April it, the Modoc Indians massacred the three peace commissioners sent by 
 
 the Government. 
 Dr Livingstone, the famous explorer, died in Africa, May 4. 
 Salmon P. Chase. Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, died May 7. 
 Hiram Powers, sculptor, died. 
 On September 18. the banking house of Jay Cooke & Co., failed, precipitating a 
 
 severe financial panic 
 Extradition treaty between the United States and Great Britain, signed at Vienna, 
 
 December 3. 
 Louis Agassiz, the distinguished naturalist, died Deeember 14. 
 
He that tndketh haste to be rich 
 shall not be innocent.— Prov. 28-20. 
 
 1874 
 
 The drunkard and the glutton 
 shall come to poverty,— Prov. 23-21. 
 
 January. 
 
 February., 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
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 June. 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 The celebrated Siamese twins died January 17. 
 
 Signal defeat of the Carlists at Bilboa, Spain, January 29. 
 
 Millard Fillmore died, March 8. 
 
 Charles Sumner died, March 11. 
 
 The Swiss Federal Constitution adopted, April 19. 
 
 Congress passed a bill in May limiting the United States currency to 
 
 $382,000 000. 
 The regular army of the Uniled States fixed at 20,000 men. 
 Lodyguin and Kossloff, two Russians residing in London, invent the electric 
 
 light. 
 The great bridge across the Mississippi River, at St Louis, opened in July. 
 Postal convention between France and the United States ratified at Washington, 
 
 July 27. 
 Celebration of the loooth anniversary of Iceland. August 2. 
 M Francis Guizot died September 12; was born October 4, 1787. 
 Give me neither poverty nor riches, lest I be full and deny thee, or lest I be poor 
 
 and steal. Prov. xxxi 8. 9 
 
The soul, immortal as its Sire, 
 shall never die!—F. Montgomery. 
 
 1875 
 
 An honest man is the noblest 
 work of God.— Pope. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
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 F 
 
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 January... 
 
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 February.. 
 
 
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 2 
 
 3 
 
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 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
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 22 
 
 23 
 
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 25 
 
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 July 
 
 August 
 
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 22 
 
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 4 
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 6 
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 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 The proposition to extend the term of the President of the United States to six 
 
 years without re-election was rejected by Congress, January 27. 
 Reciprocity treaty between the United Slates and Canada defeated in the 
 
 United States Senate, February 3. — 
 
 The Force bill passed by the United States Congress February 28. 
 Treaty between the United States and Belgium ratified March 10. 
 John C. Breckinridge died May 17. 
 
 Centennial celebration of the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17. 
 Andrew Johnson died July 31. • 
 
 Hans Christian Andersen died August 4. 
 
 Rev. Charles G. Finney, a noted preacher and religious writer, died August 16. 
 On November I, the British Government secured control of the Suez Canal, by 
 
 the payment of £4 000,000 for shares. 
 Henry Wilson died at Washington November 22. 
 My bark is on a troubled sea; 
 
 The winds and waves may adverse be;— 
 But hope, my anchor, 's firmly cast 
 Within the vale, for ever fast — raw/^JV/. 
 
Honor thy father and thy mother 
 that thy days may be long in the 
 
 1876 
 
 land which the liord thy God 
 giveth thee.—' Exodus XX. 12. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 S 
 
 January- 
 
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 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
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 12 
 
 13 
 
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 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
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 23 
 
 24 
 
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 27 
 
 28 
 
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 31 
 
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 12 
 
 
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 23 
 
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 March 
 
 
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 6 
 
 7 
 
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 9 
 
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 April 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
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 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
 9 
 
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 11 
 
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 15 
 
 
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 3 
 
 4 
 
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 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
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 11 
 
 12 
 
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 15 
 
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 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 Septemb'r 
 
 October.. 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 2 
 9 
 
 16 
 23 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 27 
 
 3 
 10 
 17 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 3 
 
 10 
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 10 
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 7 
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 22 
 
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 18 
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 2 
 
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 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 The year opened with general celebration of the approaching Centennial through- 
 out the United States. 
 Application for patent on telephones, filed by Prof. Elisha Gray, in patent office, 
 
 February 14. 
 Opening of the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, May 10. 
 Slaughter of Gen. Custer and his command by the Indians at Little Horn, 
 
 June 25. 
 July 4, celebration of the looth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence 
 
 by the United States. 
 Colorado, the thirty-eighth State, admitted to the Union. 
 The first crematory furnace in the United States, built at Washington, Penn., 
 
 in November. 
 Democratic National Convention, at St. Louis, nominated Samuel J. Tilden and 
 
 Thomas A. Hendricks for President and Vice-President. 
 Republican National Convention, at Cincinnati, nominated Rutherford B. 
 
 Hayes and William A. Wheeler for President and Vice-President. 
 The organization of the National Prohibition party completed, and Green Clay 
 
 Smith nominated for President. 
 

 
 
 Be kind to one another— it will "i O ^ ^ Angry words cast ugly shad- 
 be a pleasant reflection. mO £ J ows— let the sunshine in. 
 
 
 January- 
 February.. 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 S 
 
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 14 
 21 
 28 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 18 
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 4 
 11 
 18 
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 8 
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 30 
 
 July 
 
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 22 
 
 29 
 
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 Aug-ust 
 
 September 
 
 October... 
 November 
 December 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Cornelius Vanderbilt died January 4. 
 
 The United States Electoral Commission appointed January 28. 
 
 March i, Rutherford B. Hayes and William A. Wheeler were declared President 
 and Vice-President by the Electoral Commission. Number of States voting, 
 38; total electoral vote, 369; number declared for Hayes, 185; number de- 
 clared for Tilden, 184. Of popular vote Hayes received 4,033950, and 
 Tilden 4,284,885. and Green Clay Smith (Prohibition), 9,522. 
 
 March 23, the Mormon leader, John D. Lee, was shot by the United States Gov- 
 ernment for participation in the Mountain Meadow Massacre in iSSy. 
 
 Russia declared war against Turkey April 24. 
 
 John Lothrop Motley died May 29 
 
 The Balkan Mountains crossed by the Russian Army in July. 
 
 July 21. riots of railway employes at Pittsburg, and burning of Pennsylvania 
 Railway's property there and at other points. 
 
 Centennial celebration of the Battle of Bennington, August 15 and 16. 
 
 Brigham Young, head of the Mormon Church, died August 29. 
 
 Mons. A. Thiers died September 3. 
 
 
 
The path of the just is as the 
 shining light,— Prov, 4-18. 
 
 1878 
 
 He that walkeih uprightly 
 tvalketh surely,— ProV' iO-9. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
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 s 
 
 January... 
 
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 30 
 
 7 
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 28 
 
 HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE TEAR. 
 
 Henry M. Stanley returned from his famous African explorations in January. 
 
 Victor Emanuel. King of Italy, died January 9, and was succeeded by his son, 
 now King Humbert. 
 
 Pope Pius IX, head of the Catholic Church, died February 7 
 
 Rev. Alexander Duff, a celebrated missionary, died February 12 
 
 One hundred and sixty Russian Nihilists sentenced to Siberia February i6. 
 
 Election of Pope Leo XIII February 20. 
 
 The treaty of San Stefano between Russia and Turkey, signed March 3. 
 
 Repeal of the United States bankrupt law April 15. 
 
 The Erie Railway was sold at auction April 24. 
 
 Opening of the second International Exposition at Paris, May i. 
 
 John S. Motley, the historian, died May 30. 
 
 William Cullen Bryant died June 12; was born November 3, 1794. 
 
 The closing of the City of Glasgow bank in October resulted in the arrest and 
 punishment of its directors. 
 
 Bayard Taylor died in Berlin, Germany, December 19. 
 
 True sympathy is putting ourselves in another's place; and we are moved in pro- 
 portion to the realty of our imagination. 
 
Be not wise in thine own eyes ; 
 fear the Lord and depart frotn 
 
 evil.—Prov. 3-7. 
 
 1879 
 
 I love them that love me and 
 they that seek me early, shall 
 find nie.—Prov. 8-17. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May. 
 
 June. 
 
 S M T W 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
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 23 
 
 9 
 16 
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 6 
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 4 
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 18 
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 3 
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 17 
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 31 
 
 7 
 14 
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 28 
 
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 12 
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 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
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 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 29 
 
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 8 
 
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 5 
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 9 
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 6 
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 9 
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 8 
 
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 July. 
 
 August 
 
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 9 
 
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 27 
 
 3 
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 October.. 
 
 November 
 
 M 
 
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 7 
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 8 
 
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 5 
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 17 
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 6 
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 7 
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 5 
 12 
 19 
 26 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 29 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 January i, resumption of specie payments in the United States in compliance 
 
 with the act approved January 14, 1875. 
 Seventeen hundred French communists pardoned January 15. 
 The Zulu war began January 22. 
 
 Elihu Burritt. "The Learned Blacksmith," died March 9. 
 Chili at war with Peru April 5. . , ^ 
 
 In April, Solovieff. a Russian Nihilist, attempted to assassmate the Czar. 
 General John A. Dix died April 21. 
 May 24 William Lloyd Garrison died. 
 
 Unlimited silver coinage bill passed by the United States Congress May 24. 
 Prince Louis Napoleon killed by the Zulus in South Africa June i. 
 Protective tariff bill passed by Germany. ^ ,. . c 
 
 Sir Rowland Hill, originator of the penny postage system m England, died bep- 
 
 tember 2 
 Serious outbreak of yellow fever in the Southern states. 
 Resist the devil and he will flee from you. James iv, 7. 
 There are three sexes— men, women and clergymen. — Sidney Smith. 
 
'* What conceitieth every man is 
 not whether he fail or succeed, 
 but that he do tiis duty, 
 
 1880 
 
 according to the light which 
 may have been given him until 
 
 he die."— Ian McLaren. 
 
 January 
 
 February.. 
 
 Marcli 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 s 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
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 \ \ 
 
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 July. 
 
 August . 
 
 Septemb'r 
 
 October. 
 
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 9 
 16 
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 9 
 16 
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 6 
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 3 
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 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 13 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 11 
 18 
 25 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE TEAR. 
 
 Attempted assassination of the Emperor of Russia at the Winter Palace in St. 
 
 Petersburg, February 17. 
 On March 2 President Hayes issued a message concerning the proposed Inter- 
 Oceanic Canal of Panama, refusing to surrender it to foreign control. 
 Democratic National Convention at Cincinnati, nominating General Winfield S. 
 
 Hancock and William H. English for President and Vice-President. 
 Republican National Convention at Chicago, nominating James A. Garfield and 
 
 Chester A. Arthur for President and Vice-President. 
 Neal Dow, of Maine, was Prohibition candidate for President. 
 The centennial establishment of Sunday schools was celebrated June 30. 
 On August 14 the last stone was put on Cologne Cathedral, which was begun 
 
 August 14, 1242. 
 Tenth United S ates census taken, showing 50,152,866 population. 
 If all that has been said by orators and poets since the creation of the world, in 
 
 praise of women, was applied to the women of America, it would not do 
 
 them justice for their conduct during the war. — Lincoln. 
 
I lay me down to sleep, ■ ^J 1^ ■ Whether vny waking find 
 With little care I O O M. M« here or there.— M. W. Eowland 
 
 
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 'M> 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Thomas Carlyle died February 5, was born 1795. 
 
 March 4, James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur, President and Vice-President 
 
 of the United States. Number of States voting, 38. Total electoral vote 
 
 369, of which Garfield received 214, and Hancock 155; of popular vote Gar- 
 
 field received 4.449,053; Hancock 4,442,035, and Neal Dow 10,305, 
 
 March 13, the Emperor of Russia assassinated by dynamite bombs. 
 
 Alexander HI proclaimed Emperor of Russia, March 14. 
 
 Benjamin Disraeli, Lord Beaconsfield, died April 9; born December 21, 1805. 
 
 Issue of the Revised Edition of the New Testament May 17. 
 
 May 28, England paid the United States $75, 000 in settlement of the Fortune 
 
 Bay dispute. 
 
 President Garfield shot by an assassin on the morning of July 2. 
 
 President Garfield removed to Long Branch September 6, where he remained 
 
 and died on the evening of September 20. 
 
 Father! the sweetest, dearest name 
 
 That men or angels know! 
 
 Fountain of Life, that had no fount 
 
 From which itself could flow! — Fabet. 
 
When you seek associates let 
 them he of the very best — they 
 can benefit you. 
 
 1882 
 
 A irlch man is often very poor 
 —and a poor man is often very 
 rich. 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Henry W. Longfellow died March 24; was boru Febrnary 27, 1807. 
 Ralph Waldo Emerson died April 27; was born in 1803. 
 Great earthquakes in Costa Rica March 13, 
 
 Saturday morning May 6, Lord Cavendish, secretary for Ireland, and Thomas 
 
 A. Burke, under secretary, werebrutally murdered in Phoenix Park, Dublin. 
 
 After desperate attempts to get an acquittal Charles J. Guiteau, the murderer of 
 
 President Garfield, was hung on June 80. 
 July 11, bombardment of Alexandria by the British fleet. 
 September 10, defeat of Arabi Pasha by the English forces under Sir Garnet 
 
 Wolseley at Tel-el- Kebir, and virtual close of the war. 
 Transit of Venus December 6. 
 Outrageous persecution of the Jews in Russia. 
 Attempted assassination of Queen Victoria. 
 Mrs. Abraham Lincoln died July 15. 
 
 The man of pure and simple heart. 
 
 Through life disdains a double part, 
 He never needs the screen of lies 
 
 His inward bosom to disguise. — Gay. 
 

 Obscene boohs are the devil's ^ ^ ^ ^ Get wisdom, get ttnderstand- 
 literature — they are filled with 1 %C 3lk -^ ing—she shall preserve thee, she 
 poison. 1 O O O shall keep thee. 
 
 
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 • • 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Peter Cooper died April 6. 
 
 The Irish National League formed in convention at Philadelphia April 26. 
 
 The East River Bridge between New York and Brooklyn opened on May 24. 
 
 Emperor Alexander III, of Russia, crowned at IVToscow May 30. 
 
 On the 23d of May a foot of snow fell in some of the Southern States. 
 
 While being launched in the river Clyde, the steam vessel 'Daphne" overturned, 
 
 causing the loss of 124 lives. 
 
 Charles H. Stratton (General Tom Thumb) died July 15, aged forty-five years. 
 
 Earthquake on the island of Ischia (Italy), by which 4.0r0 persons perished. 
 
 First Civil Service examination in progress for Government emploves. 
 
 Love of country produces among men such examples as Cincinnatus, Alfred, 
 
 Washington. — pure, unselfish, symmetrical; among women. Madame Roland, 
 
 Charlotte Corday, Jeanne Dare, — romantic, devoted, marvelous. — Lamartine. 
 
 Wise men ne'er sit and wait their loss. 
 
 But cheerly seek how to redress their \iz.xm.— Shakespeare. 
 
 The body sins not; 'tis the will 
 
 That makes the action good or ill — Herrick. 
 
 

 TJie man who pauses on his -^ C\ C\ A Jesus lives and so shall I; 
 honesty wants little of the vil- 1 >k 3^ /I Death, thy sting is gone forever, 
 lain.-Martyn. IOOt" -Gellert.^ 
 
 January... 
 February- 
 March 
 
 April 
 
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 Aug^ust 
 
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 27 
 
 
 1884 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE TEAR. 
 
 State Civil Service Law enacted by the Massachusetts legislature. 
 
 Terrible floods in the Ohio River February 7-14, destroying over $3,000,0C0 
 worth of property. The water at Cincinnati was seventy four feet a'bove low 
 water mark, the highest since 1832. 
 
 The first newspaper ever printed by electricity, March 13, at Ilion, N. Y. 
 
 Republican National Convention at Chicago, June 6, nominating James G. Blaine 
 for President, and Gen. John A. Logan for Vice-President. 
 
 Democratic National Convention at Chicago nominating Grover Cleveland for 
 President, and Thomas A. Hendricks for Vice-President. 
 
 John P. St. John was candidate for Prohibitionist President. 
 
 Riots in Cincinnati in which many lives were lost and the courthouse burned. 
 
 "That this nation under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that gov- 
 ernment of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from 
 the earth." — Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Speech, Nov. ig, i86^. 
 
 Seek out and aid the deserving poor, who woiuld rather starve than press their 
 necessities upon you. — G. A. R. Ritual. 
 
 

 1 Boast not thtjself of to-morrow; ^ O' O P"" JL wise man is strong ; yea, a 
 thou knotvest not what a day 1 3% 3% i^ man of Unotvledge increaseth 
 m.ay bring forth.— Prov. 27-1. J| \^ \J} %Jf strength.— Prov. 24-5. 
 
 
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 January... 
 
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 29 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 January 24, the explosion of dynamite in Parliament buildings, London. 
 
 February 21, dedication of the Washington monument in Washington. 
 
 March 23, the Edmunds anti-polygamy law declared constitutional by the Su- 
 
 preme Court. 
 
 May 7. the printing of one and two dollar greenbacks stopped. 
 
 Dec. 18, Congress votes a pension of $5,0li0 a year to the widow of Gen. Grant. 
 
 Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks, President and and Vice-President 
 
 of the United States. Number of States voting, 38; total electoral vote. 401, 
 
 of which Grover Cleveland received 219, and James G. Blaine, 182. Of the 
 
 popular vote Cleveland received 4,911,017; Blaine, 4,848,334, and St. John, 
 
 151.809. 
 
 Victor Hugo died May 22. 
 
 Ex-President Ulysses S. Grant died at Mount McGregor, N. Y., July 23. 
 
 Gen. George B. McClellan died October 29. 
 
 William H. Vanderbilt died December 8. 
 
 February 4. passage by the Senate of Cullom's Inter-State Commerce Bill. 
 
 November 25, Thomas A. Hendricks died. 
 
 Sir Moses Montefiore, the Jewish philanthropist, died July 20. 
 
 
If a thing is worth doing at "I Q 5^ ^ Tour influence for good or had 
 all it is worth doing well. J| O O vl ^'^^^ &« /"«" /orever. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 T 
 
 W 
 
 T 
 
 F 
 
 s 
 
 
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 February- 
 
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 • • 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 General W. S. Hancock died February 9; was born February 14, 1824. 
 
 April 1, the United States Senate votes $500,000 for a monument to Lincoln to 
 
 be erected at Washington. 
 
 On the evening of May 4 the Haymarket riot occurred at Chicago, when at a 
 
 gathering of Anarchists a dynamite bomb was thrown into the ranks of the 
 
 police, killing and wounding upwards of sixty. 
 
 May 5 and 6. Anarchists arrested. Trial of Anarchists commenced June 21, 
 
 was concluded by a verdict of guilty August 20; seven Anarchists were con- 
 
 demned to be hung, and one to imprisonment for fifteen years. 
 
 Pensions paid by the United States during the fiscal year ^ending June 30, were 
 
 $63,797,831.61. 
 The Morgan Art Collection in New York, including the famous "peachblow 
 
 vase." sold for $1,207,053. 
 
 Franz Liszt died July 31. Samuel J. Tilden died August 4. 
 
 Chester A. Arthur died November 5. Charles Francis Adams died November 31. 
 
 Disastrous earthquake shock at Charleston, S. C, August 31. 
 
 There were serious labor troubles during this year in various parts of the United 
 
 States. 
 
 
Don't scoff at those 'who are 
 anxious about you and would do 
 you good. 
 
 1887 
 
 The place that now knows ME 
 "ivill soon hnotv me no more for- 
 ever. Am I saved? 
 
 January. 
 
 February.. 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May. 
 
 June.. 
 
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 31 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 January 9, Sergt. William Ballantine, an eminent English barrister died. 
 
 Gen. William B. Hazen died January 16. Henry Ward Beecher died March 8. 
 
 Jenny Lind died November 2. 
 
 September 14 the Supreme Court of Illinois confirmed the death sentence in the 
 
 Anarchist cases, and fixed November 11 as the day for execution. 
 September 26, Oscar W. Neebe, the Anarchist, goes to Joliet prison to begin his 
 
 fifteen years' sentence. 
 October 21, the Lincoln statute in Chicago, unveiled. 
 November 10, the Governor of Illinois commutes the sentences of the Anarchists 
 
 Fielden and Schwab to imprisonment for life. Louis Lingg. one of the 
 
 Anarchists, commits suicide in his cell by exploding a dynamite bomb in his 
 
 mouth. 
 November 11, August Spies, Albert R. Parsons, George Engel and Adolph 
 
 Fischer, condemned Anarchists, executed in Chicago jail. 
 May 25, burning of the Opera Comique in Paris, France; 200 lives lost. 
 July 31, Alfred Krupp, the famous manufacturer of Germany, died. 
 November 22, M Jules Grevy, President of the French Republic, resigns. 
 Number of postoffices in the United States June 30, 55,157. 
 
Man shall not live by bread 
 
 alone.— Leut. Till. 3. 
 
 1888 
 
 A good name is better than prec- 
 ious ointment.— Ecclesiastes 7-i. 
 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
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 W 
 
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 F 
 
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 January... 
 
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 February.. 
 
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 March 
 
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 23 
 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
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 July. 
 
 August 
 
 Septenib'r 
 
 October.... 
 
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 22 
 29 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 January i, public debt of the United States, $1,225,598,402. 
 
 Emperor William of Germany died March 9. 
 
 Democratic National Convention at St. Louis. June 4. 
 
 Republican National Convention at Chicago June 19. 
 
 Centennial celebration of the Ohio Valley and Central States at Cincinnati, July 
 4 to October 27. 
 
 W. W. Corcoran, the wealthy banker of Washington, died February 24. 
 
 Henry Bergh, founder and president of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty 
 to Animals, died at New York March 12. 
 
 March 10, 11 and 12. severe snow storm and blizzard in New York City and Bos- 
 ton, both cities being shut out of communication by telegraph and railways ; 
 several people frozen in the streets of the first-named city. 
 
 March 23. Morrison R. Waite, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, 
 died at Washington. 
 
 Matthew Arnold, a distinguished English author, died April 16. 
 
 Roscoe Conkling, a prominent American statesman, died April 18. 
 
Happy is the man that findeth 
 wisdom — 
 
 1889 
 
 And the man that getteth un- 
 derstanding.— Prov. 3-13. 
 
 
 S 
 
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 T 
 
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 T 
 
 F 
 
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 January... 
 
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 February- 
 
 
 . . 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 January i, 1889, the great "Q" strike ended. 
 
 January 3. big battle in Hayti, 1,300 men killed. 
 
 Great fire in St. Louis, $5,000,000 loss. 
 
 Mrs. Cleveland's most brilliant New Year's reception at Washington. 
 
 New planet discovered. 
 
 '"Private" Joe Fifer, of Illinois, inaugurated governor, and "Uncle Dick" 
 Og"lesby retires and becomes a grnager. 
 
 John M. Clayton, of Arkansas, assassinated. 
 
 Crown Prince Rudolph, of Austria, died suddenly at Mierling January 30. 
 
 Unveiling monument to Lewis Cass, Washington, D. C, February 18. 
 
 King William III. of the Netherlands, died. 
 
 John C. Flood, bonanza king, died at Heidelberg February 21. 
 
 General Benjamin H-arrison, of Indiana, as President, and Levi P. Morton, of 
 New York, as Vice-President, inaugurated under dripping skies at Wash- 
 ington on March 4. 
 
 John Ericsson, of Monitor fame, dies in New York City on March 8. 
 (Continued on next page.) 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR— 1889 Continued. 
 
 Congressman E. W. Townsend, of Illinois, dies at Washington March 12, and 
 Justice Stanley Matthews on the 22d. 
 
 Robert T. Lincoln appointed minister to England and Fred D. Grant to Austria. 
 
 John Bright, of England, born on November 16, i8n, dies on March 27. 
 
 Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot; King William, of Holland; Edwin 
 Booth, the actor ; and the Duchess of Kent, aunt to Queen Victoria, die. 
 
 Paris April 25, Carl Rosa, musical director, died to day. 
 
 Dr. P. H. Cronin, of Chicago, disappears, and his body is found in a catch-basin 
 on May 23. 
 
 President Carnot^ of France, fired at; the Paris Exposition opened. 
 
 Washington Irving Bishop, the noted mind reader, dies. 
 
 Unveiling of the Haymarket monument occurred on May 31. 
 
 The great Johnstown flood, whereby 12,000 people lose their lives. 
 
 General Hippolyte, insurgent leader of Hayti, defeated Legitime and is pro- 
 claimed President. 
 
 Great fire at Seattle on June 8; loss, $10 000,000. 
 
 Leonard Swett, noted Chicago lawyer, dies on June 9. 
 
 Mrs. Maybrick, arrested in England for poisoning her husband. 
 
 Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, and Mrs. Lucy Webb Hayes, of Fremont, 
 Ohio, die on June 25. 
 
 Walter W. Phelps is appointed minister to Germany. 
 
 Carlotta Patti, the noted singer, died at Paris on June 28, and Mrs. ex-President 
 Tyler at Richmond, Va., on July i. 
 
 Earl of Fife and Princess Louise, of England, wed, on July 27. 
 
 Judge David S. Terry, of California, shot and killed by a United States marshal 
 for assaulting Justice Field. 
 
 Hon. S. S. (Sunset) Cox, of Ohio, and Wilkie Collins, of London, die Septem- 
 ber 23 
 
 " Old Gabriel," the oldest known living man in the world, resides in California 
 at this date. He was born in 1739, is 150 years old, in his third childhood, 
 hale and hearty. 
 
 Chicago bid ^lo, 000, 000 for the World's Fair. 
 
 James G. Blaine chosen president of the Pan-American Congress October 2. 
 
 Steamer Corona explodes at New Orleans October 3, and forty people killed, 
 
 Talmadge's Brooklyn Tabernacle burned October 14. 
 
 King Louis, of Portugal, dies at Lisbon on October 19, and Hon. John Crerar, of 
 Chicago, dies the same date. 
 
 The great Cronin murder trial commences on October 24, Hon. J. M. Longe- 
 necker prosecuting. 
 
 November 10, Catholic birthday: looth anniversary of the American hierarchy, 
 Baltimore the Mecca, imposing opening of Church's centennial; cardinal 
 officiates, supported by many of the high prelates; a most impressive cere- 
 mony. The great Catholic university dedicated at Washington November 13. 
 
 Civil war in Brazil; Dom Pedro abdicates and sails for Portugal; republic pro- 
 claimed November 16. 
 
 Henry M. Stanley heard from on November 21 from the jungles of Africa. 
 
 Jefferson Davis, ex-Confederate president, dies at New Orleans on December 5. 
 
 Great Auditorium, of Chicago, dedicated to music and the people; Adelina Patti 
 sings. President Harrison and Vice-President Morton in attendance. 
 
 London, December 13, Robert Browning died. 
 
 Henry M. Grady, editor of the Atlanta Constitution, died on December 23. 
 
 Reverends John Shanley, of St. Paul. Minn ; James McGolrick, of Minneapolis, 
 and Joseph Cotter, of Winona, were consecrated as bishops of the Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 Lisbon, December 27, Carlos I proclaimed king. 
 

 In all thy ways acknowledge ^ ^ g^ g^ Forsake the foolish and live / 
 Hitn, He shall direct thy paths, 1 %t •■ fl 1 and go in the way of tinder- 
 
 —Prov. 3-6. JL V^ >^ \J standing.— Prov. 9-6. 
 
 
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 • • 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 January 2, President Harrison's first New Year's reception. 
 
 The royal palace of the King of Belgium burned on January 3. 
 
 Dowager Empress Augusta, of Germany, died on January 7. She was born 
 
 Septembers, 1811. 
 
 Hon. W. D. Kelly (" Pig Iron "), of Pennsylvania, died on January 9 Walker 
 
 Blaine died on January 16. 
 
 Amadeus, ex-King of Spain, died January 18, and Senator Riddleburger and 
 
 William Bross. of the Chicago Tribune, died on January 27. 
 
 John Ruskin adjudged insane January 18 
 
 Secretary of the Navy Tracy's Washington house burned on the evening of 
 
 February 9, and his wife, daughter and maid lost their lives. 
 
 The Louisiana lottery invades Dakota and the Pacific Express robbed of $35,000. 
 
 (Continued on next page.) 
 
 
HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR-1890 Continued. 
 
 Fielden and Schwab, of Haymarket riot fame, granted a writ of error. 
 
 General Sherman 70 years old February 8 and is honored with a banquet. 
 
 February 11, Mormon rule at Salt Lake forever at an end. 
 
 February 11, serious riots in Lisbon. 
 
 February 12, Due d'Orleans condemned to serve two years' imprisonment. 
 
 February 25, Chicago wins the World's Fair. 
 
 British steamer Quetta struck a rock, sank, and 200 lives lost. 
 
 William B. Allison, of Iowa, elected senator for a fourth term, 
 
 March 18, disastrous fire at Indianapolis, and twelve firemen burned. 
 
 Berlin, March 18, Prince Bismarck retired as chancellor of the empire, and 
 
 General Von Caprivi named as his successor. 
 Major General George Crook dies on March 21. 
 
 Samuel J. Randall died at Washington on April 13 ; Bishop Borgess, of Kala- 
 mazoo, and Senator Beck, of Kentucky, on May 3. 
 London, May 3, great Labor Day parade, 500,000 persons participated. 
 Hon. Andrew Shuman, a veteran Chicago editor, died on May 5. 
 President Cummings, of the Northwestern University, dies at Evanston May 7. 
 Walt Whittman and Wirt Dexter, of Chicago, die on May 7. 
 Monument to the memory of General R. E. Lee dedicated at Richmond May 29. 
 May 30, Memorial Day in the United States. 
 General Clinton B. Fisk died in New York on July 9. 
 Minnesota visited by a terrible cyclone near St. Paul resorts ; also Lake Pepin; 
 
 loss over 300. 
 General John C. Fremont died at New York City on July 13. 
 Revolution in the Argentine Republic and many killed. 
 General Barillas, of Guatemala, deposed on August 9. 
 Gardner, Chase & Co., of Boston, fail for over $3,000,000. 
 Colonel George R. Davis elected director general of the World's Fair. 
 Comte de Paris visited the grave of General McClellan on October 6. 
 The wife of General William Booth, of the Salvation Army, died in London in 
 
 October. 
 Justice Samuel F. Miller died in Washington on October 14. 
 A. B. Mullitt, for years supervising architect for the government, committed 
 
 suicide at Washington October 20. 
 British torpedo cruiser Serpent foundered off the coast of Spain and 273 persons 
 
 lost. 
 Baring Brothers failed. 
 
 Prince Adolph and Victoria, of Prussia, wed at Berlin on November 19, 
 General Seliverskoff, of Russia, assassinated at Paris November 19. 
 Countess of Rosebery died on November 19 and King William III , of Holland, 
 
 on November 23. 
 Sitting Bull, a noted Sioux chief, killed while resisting arrest at Standing Rock 
 
 Agency on December 15. 
 General Francis E. Spinner died at Jacksonville, Fla,, December 31. 
 
Trust in the Iiord with all thine 
 heart; and lean not unto thine 
 own understanding,— Prov. 3-5. 
 
 1891 
 
 Keep thy heart with all dili- 
 gence ; for out of it are the issties 
 
 of life.— Prov. 4-23. 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Emma Abbott, the sweet singer, died at Salt Lake City on January 5. 
 
 Lieutenant Casey, of the 22d Infantry, killed by the Indians. 
 
 George Bancroft, historian, dies at "Washington. D. C, January 17. 
 
 King Kalakua. of the Hawaiian Islands, died at the Palace Hotel in San Fran- 
 cisco on January 20. 
 
 Hon. David B. Hill, of New York, elected United States senator; 100 guns fired 
 in honor of the result. 
 
 The great snow storm in New York occurred on January 25. 
 
 The first stake driven for the World's Fair on January 27. 
 
 Hon. William Windom, secretary of the treasury, dies in New York on the even- 
 ing of January 29. 
 
 Meissonier, the great French painter, died at Paris January 31. 
 Continued on next page.) 
 
HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR 1891— Continued. 
 
 Miss Catherine Drexel, of Philadelphia, gave up a fortune of 1^7 000,000 and a 
 fashionable life to become Mother Superior of the Order of the Blessed 
 Sacrament, instituted by her for work among the Indians and colored people. 
 
 Admiral David D. Porter died suddenly at Washington. His father was a dis- 
 tinguished commodore in the war of 1812, 
 
 General William Tecumseh Sherman died in New York on February 14. He 
 fought his last fight and surrendered peacefully at ten minutes to 2 p. m. 
 
 Queen Regent Liliuokalani declared Queen of the Hawaiian Islands on Feb- 
 ruary 7. 
 
 Senator Hearst, of California, died at Washington February 28, and Prince 
 Jerome Napoleon at Rome March 17. 
 
 Lawrence Barrett died in New York on March 20. 
 
 General Joseph E. Johnson, of the Confederate army, died at Washington on 
 March 21. He was the last, save Beauregard, of the six full generals. 
 
 King Humbert demands that the New Orleans Mafia lynchers be punished. An 
 indemnity was subsequently paid. 
 
 The Grand Army of the Republic celebrated its silver jubilee at Decatur, 111., on 
 April 6. 
 
 P. T. Barnum died on April 7 at Bridgeport, Conn., in his Sist year. 
 
 Berlin, April 24, Marshal Count Von Moltke died to-day in his Sistyear. 
 
 Ottawa, May 20, Sir John McDonald suffered a stroke of paralysis, from which 
 he died June 6 at Earnscliffe. 
 
 An attempt was made on May 29 to steal the body of P. T. Barnum. 
 
 " Buffalo Bill," of the great Wild West Show, visits the historic field of Waterloo. 
 
 Ex-Senator Joseph E. McDonald, of Indianapolis, died on June 21. 
 
 Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, died suddenly at his home in Bangor on 
 July I. 
 
 Right Rev. Frederic Xaver Katzer, of Milwaukee, was honored by Pope 
 Leo XIII in the conferring upon him of the pallium, on May 20. Archbishop 
 Katzer was born on February 7, 1844, at Ebensee, Austria. 
 
 James Russell Lowell died on August 12 at Boston. 
 
 George Jones, editor New York Times, and Herman Raster, of the Chicago 
 Staats Zeitung. died August 12. 
 
 Mrs. Polk, wife of the tenth President of the United States, died at Nashville on 
 August 15. • 
 
 Terrible battle at Valparaiso, Chile, on August 23. Balmaceda defeated and a 
 fugitive. 
 
 Illinois veterans dedicate and place regimental monuments in position at Get- 
 tysburg. 
 
 Jules Grevy died at Paris on September 9, in his 85th year. 
 
 William Waldorf Astor deserts America and becomes a full-fledged Englishman. 
 
 President Balmaceda. of Chile, committed suicide at Santiago on September 10. 
 
 Brussels, September 20, General Boulanger, of France, committed suicide by 
 shooting. He was found in the cemetery. 
 
 London, October 7, Charles Stewart Parnell died to-day — the end of a remark- 
 able career. 
 
 William J Florence, the actor, died at Philadelphia on November 19. 
 
 Governor A P. Hovey, of Indiana, died on November 23. 
 
 New York, November 29, three shots were fired at Rev. John Hall, of the Fifth 
 Avenue Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Dom Pedro. ex-Emperor of Brazil, died at Paris on December 5. 
 
 Attempt made to kill Russell Sage in his office in New York on December 4. 
 
 Senator Preston B. Plumb, of Kansas, died December 20. 
 
 Jerome I. Case, of Wisconsin, died December 22. 
 

 
 Beyeready,forthe Sonofman ^ Q £^^% Bridle your tongue. JTnTcind 
 Cometh at an hour when ye think I 5|t •■ W words are like coals of fire f they 
 not.— Luke XII. 40. M. v7 >^ ^m l^um and leave a scar. 
 
 
 
 
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 31 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 
 Great famine in Russia; 30,000.000 on the border of starvation. 
 
 
 Bold plot to overthrow President Hippolyte, Haytian ruler, on January 8. 
 
 
 Cardinal Manning died in London on January 8. 
 
 
 Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, dies January 7. 
 
 
 Chili demands the recall of Minister Egan, 
 
 
 Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, dies on June 14th of pneumonia. 
 
 
 Nihilists routed out in St. Petersburg. High officials implicated. 
 
 
 Associate Justice Josiah P. Bradley dies at Washington on January *22. 
 
 
 Washington, D. C, January 29th, "Chili must salute the .flag," — and she did. 
 
 
 Rev. Chas. H. Spurgeon dies at Mentone, England, January 31. 
 
 
 Hon. Alex McKenzie, of Canada, dies. 
 
 
 (Continued on next page.) 
 
 
 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1892™Coiitiniied, 
 
 Pattrick O'Suliivan, of Dr. Cronin murder fame, died in prison at Joliet, on 
 May 5. 
 
 Archbishop John Ireland's schools at Faribault and Stillwater, Minn., are 
 recognized by the Pope. 
 
 Venezuelan insurgents capture the City of Bolivar on May 15. 
 
 A hurricane swept the Island of Mauritius on May 30th, and 1200 people were 
 killed. 
 
 Golden wedding of the Danish King and Queen on May 26. 
 
 James G. blaine resigns as secretary of state on June 4. 
 
 Emin Pasha dies in the interior of Africa on June ist, and Sidney Dillon on June 
 Qth, in New York. 
 
 President Benjamin Harrison nominated at Minneapolis for a second term, and 
 Whitelaw Reed as Vice-President. 
 
 Grover Cleveland nominated for President, and Adlai Stevenson for Vice-Presi- 
 dent, at Chicago on June 23. 
 
 St. Johns, N. F., nearly wiped out by fire on July 7. 
 
 Thomas Cook, founder of the Cook excursions, died in London, July 19. 
 
 July 29th the hottest day of the year in New York — 300 prostrations, 94 deaths. 
 
 The family of Hiram Sibley and guests, eleven in all, lost in Georgian Bay 
 August 26. 
 
 George Wm. Curtis dies at Livingston, Statan Island, August 31st, and John G. 
 Whiltier on September 7th, at Hampton Falls, N. H. 
 
 Four of the Dalton gang of bank robbers killed at ColYeyville, Kas. 
 
 Lord Tennyson died in London on October 5. 
 
 Charles T. Yerkes donates the largest telescope in the world to the Chicago 
 University. It is located at Lake Geneva, Wis., and with the land and 
 buildings cost $1,000,000. 
 
 Mrs Harrison, wife of the President, dies in Washington, D. C, on the 25. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis., suffers a great fire on October 28; 3 000 people homeless. 
 
 Jay Gould dies in New York on December 2d. He was one of the most remark- 
 able organizers and financiers of the century, starting life with $100 and end 
 ing with $100,000,000. He was quiet, unostentatious and generous. 
 
 Martin Burke, one of Dr. Cronin's murderers, died of consumption in Joliet. 
 
 The Columbian half dollars arrived in Chicago on December 19, and the first one 
 coined was purchased by Wycoff, Seamaivz & Benedict, proprietors of the 
 Remington Typewriter, for $10,000. 
 
 THE COST OF STRONG DRINK. 
 
 For the fiscal year ending June 30 1896, there were reported to be 4 648 
 wholesale and 204,294 retail dealers of whisky and beer, from which the United 
 States received in revenue $114,480,720. The number of breweries in the United 
 States is 1,771, and the annual production from them is 75,000,000 gallons of 
 distilled spirits, and 1,115.959,482 gallons of fermented liquors, for which the 
 consumers pay $1,000,000,000. 
 
 This is but an annual sta.tement, and what an awful statement it is. In its 
 trail come tears, blood, crime, death, damnation, and Christians and statesmen 
 legalize it by not crushing it out. We build war ships, strengthen forts and 
 mobilize armies to crush out an insurrection that lasts but a few days. We hold 
 the Spaniard accountable for Cuban atrocities, and yet we build breweries and 
 license rum sellers whose sole aim and business is to degrade, debauch and damn 
 our young men and young women. 
 
 America! wake up ! God will bless you for lending a sympathetic ear to 
 Cuba; but He will hold you accountable for aiding and abetting the brewers and 
 rum sellers in their nefarious business. 
 
Cling close to innocyency, for it 
 will bring you peace at last. 
 
 1893 
 
 Toung Man ! There is only one 
 path to prosperity— strict honesty 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 John P. Altgeld inaugurated Governor of Illinois. 
 
 General Benj. F. Butler died in Washington, suddenly, on January 11. 
 
 " Father Wheadon," venerable circuit rider of the M. E. Church, died at Evan- 
 ston on June 10. 
 
 Ex-President R. B. Hayes died at Fremont, Ohio, on January 18. 
 
 Dan Coughlin, of the Dr. Cronin murder fame, granted a new trial. 
 
 L. Q C. Lamar, of the United States Supreme Court, died at Washington, Janu- 
 ary 23. Bishop Phillips Brooks died at Boston same date. 
 
 James G. Blaine died at Washington on June 27. 
 
 Revolt in Hawaii and the Queen deposed on June 6. 
 
 U. S. Flag was raised with pomp and ceremony over the Government House in 
 Hawaii on February i. 
 
 General Beauregard, last of the full rank generals of the Confederacy, died sud- 
 denly in New Orleans. February 20. 
 
 New York, February 23, Rufus Hatch died to-day. 
 
 (Continued on next page.) 
 
HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR 1893-Contiinied, 
 
 Washington, D. C, March 3, Benjamin Harrison and Grover Cleveland again 
 
 greet each other, but the tables are turned. 
 Grover Cleveland and Adlai Stevenson inaugurated as President and Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the United States, March 4. 
 Paris, March 17, Jules Ferry, French statesman, died suddenly. 
 Tremont Temple of Boston burned on March 19, loss $500,000. 
 Ex-Senator Saulsbury, of Delaware, died on March 22, and Colonel Elliott F. 
 
 Shepard, New York, on March 24. 
 General E. Kirby Smith, late of the Confederate army, died at Nashville, Tenn., 
 
 on March 28. 
 April 5, Carter Harrison elected Mayor of Chicago. Majority, 20,000. 
 London, April 12, the English, Scotch and Australian Bank has failed, with 
 
 $40,000,000 liabilities. 
 President Cleveland visits the Fair grounds on April 30. 
 May 2d, opening ceremonies of the World's Fair ; President Cleveland presses 
 
 the button at 12 09, and the greatest event of the century is inaugurated. 
 May II, at Muscatine, Iowa, three dwellings blown to atoms by dynamite. 
 The Infanta Eulalie and Prince Antoine received in Washington on May 19, 
 
 and in Chicago on June 6. 
 Edwin Booth died in New York on June 7. 
 Fargo, N. D., swept by a fire on June 8. Loss, $3,000,000. 
 Mayor Carter H. Harrison gave a breakfast at his residence, in honor of the 
 
 Spanish Queen's representative, on June 27. 
 Washington, D. C, the historic Ford's Theater, used by the Pension and War 
 
 Department, collapsed, and twenty-one persons killed. 
 H. M. S. Victoria, flag ship of the Mediterranean squadron, collided with the 
 
 Camperdown and was sunk off the coast of Tripoli, on June 22. Admiral 
 
 Tyron and 430 others were drowned. 
 Anarchists Fielden, Schwab and Neebe are liberated June 26. 
 The Duke of York and Princess Victoria May wed in London, July 6. 
 The Spanish Caravals reach Jackson Park on July 8. 
 The cold-storage fire at Jackson Park on July 10. 
 The Viking ship came into port on July 12. 
 The religious Parliament connected with World's Fair, and which has never had 
 
 a counterpart in the world's history, ends its sessions amid hallelujahs on 
 
 September 28. 
 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, of Austria, visited the Fair on October 4. 
 October 9, "Chicago Day" at the Fair, and 713,646 paid admissions was the 
 
 record. The city transportation lines carried 2,556,616 persons to and from 
 
 their homes. 
 Marshal McMahon, famous French soldier and statesman, late President, dies 
 
 at Paris on October 17. 
 Charles Francis Gounod dies in Paris, and Mrs. Lucy Stone Blackwell, of Dor- 
 chester, Mass., died on October 19. 
 Carter H. Harrison, Mayor of Chicago, assassinated at his home on October 29; 
 
 shot down and dies in twenty minutes. 
 Captain Hedberg, of U. S. A., shot and killed at Fort Sheridan, on October 30, 
 
 by Lieutenant J. A. Maney. 
 The World's Fair closed, amid the booming of cannon, on October 31. 
 Carter H. Harrison, late Mayor, buried on November i. Eighty thousand persons 
 
 viewed the remains v/hile lying in state at the City Hall, and the funeral 
 
 cortege was the largest ever seen in Chicago — Regulars, National Guards and 
 
 Civic Societies participating. 
 General Jere M. Rusk dies at h's home in Wisconsin, November 21. 
 Paris, December 9, bomb explosion in the Chamber of Deputies, whereby many 
 
 are wounded. 
 
It is manly to say NO when 
 your conscience dictates it. 
 Don't be afraid. 
 
 1894 
 
 Soys, don't call your mother 
 '''the old woman," She is your 
 best friend. 
 
 January... 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April. 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Captain Alfred Dreyfus, an Alsatian Jew of the French army, accused of selling 
 
 important information to the Germans, is arrested. 
 Ex-Governor Gear, of Iowa, elected to the United States senate. 
 George W. Childs, of Philadelphia, died on February 3. 
 Washington. D. C, February 8, the old Kearsarge struck a reef near Mosquito 
 
 Coast, Central America. 
 Kiel, February 16, German man-of-war Brandenburg, exploded a steam pipe — 
 
 39 seamen killed. 
 New York, February 21, Erastus Wiman, capitalist, sent to the Tombs. 
 Rev. R. W. Patterson died at Evanston, 111., on April 30. 
 
 Dan Coughlin, of Dr. Cronin murder fame, after a second trial, was acquitted. 
 Turin, March 20, General Louis Kossuth, Hungarian patriot, died. 
 (Continued on next page.) 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1884-Contiiined. 
 
 Coxey's commonweal army on the march to Washington. 
 
 Milwaukee, April 9, serious fire. Davidson's Theater burned; nine perish. 
 
 New York, April 13, David Dudley Field died to-day. j^ 
 
 Senator Vance, of North Carolina, died in Washington April 14. 
 
 Jesse Seligman, banker, of New York, died at San Francisco April 23. 
 
 Frank Hatton. postmaster general under President Arthur, died in Washington 
 April 30. 
 
 Coxey s commonweal army arrived at Washington April 28. 
 
 The Pullman strike commenced on May 12. 
 
 Talmadge's Brooklyn Tabernacle burned for the third time. 
 
 General Coxey. of the commonweal, goes to jail at Washington, D. C, for walk- 
 ing on the government grass. 
 
 Lord Coleridge died in London June 14. 
 
 Lyons, France, June 21, M. Sade-Carnot, president of the French republic, assas- 
 sinated 
 
 Paris. June 28, M. Casimer Perier elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of 
 President Carnot. 
 
 June 28 great railroad strike in Chicago, United States troops called out to quell 
 rioters; prompt action saved the city. 
 
 Hamburg, Mich., ex Governor Winans died on July 4. 
 
 Patrick Eugene Prendergast hanged July 13 for the assassination of Mayor 
 Harrison. 
 
 July 18, Eugene V. Debs, the disturber, sent to jail. 
 
 Japanese cruiser sinks Chinese ships; war imminent. 
 
 Lyons France, August 3. Santo Geronimo Csesario guillotined August 16 for the 
 assassination of President Carnot. 
 
 John C Gault, well known railroad manager, died August 29. 
 
 Hinckley, Minn., September i, great forest fires; towns burn and 1,000 persons 
 perish. 
 
 Professor David Swing, of Chicago, died October 3. 
 
 Boston, Mass., Oliver Wendell Holmes died October 7. 
 
 Bellefontaine, Pa., ex Governor Andrew G. Curtin died October 7. 
 
 Montreal, Quebec, ex-Premier Mercer died October 30. 
 
 St. Petersburg, November i, Czar Alexander died at Livadia this afternoon. 
 
 Princeton, N. J., Dr. McCosh died November 5. 
 
 Robert Louis Stevenson died suddenly of apoplexy at Apia, Samoa, on 
 December 8. 
 
 San Francisco, ex-Senator Fair died suddenly at the Lick House December 29. 
 
 THE WAR GOVERNORS. 
 
 Israel Wasburn. Jr , Maine. 
 John A. Andrews, Massachusetts. 
 Nathaniel S. Berry, New Hampshire. 
 William Sprague, Rhode Island. 
 John A Dix and E. D. Morgan, New 
 
 York 
 Andrew G. Curtin. Pennsylvania. 
 David T'oHd Ohio. 
 Oliver P. Morion Indiana. 
 
 Richard Yates, Illinois. 
 Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa. 
 Austin Blair, Michigan. 
 Alex W. Randall Wisconsin. 
 Alex. Ramsey, Minnesota. 
 Wm. A. Buckingham, Connecticut. 
 Erastus Fairbanks, Vermont. 
 Charles S. Olden, New Jersey. 
 
Have I a soul to save? Hie 
 Mihle says so and the JBible is the 
 Word of God. 
 
 1895 
 
 Shun the ways of the toicked 
 for their counsel leads to destruc- 
 tion. 
 
 January.. 
 
 February. 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May..... 
 
 June 
 
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 HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 [895 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind., December 31, Bishop Knickerbocker, of the Episcopal 
 
 Church, died to day. 
 Washington, D. C, General Philip Sidney Post, congressman from Illinois, died 
 
 January 6. 
 Paris, January 15, M. Cassimir-Perier, president of France, resigned to-day, 
 
 and Felix Faure elected to fill the vacancy. 
 London, January 30, the steamer Elba, from Bremen to New York, surk on the 
 
 coast of Holland; 344 drowned. 
 New York, January 31, Ward McAllister, leader of the " 400," died to-day. 
 Washington, D. C, February 20, Frederick Douglass, noted ex-slave and states- 
 man, died to-day at his home. 
 War opened between Cuba and Spain February 24. 
 Ridgewood, N. J., General Adam Badeau died at the age of 64 years, on March 
 
 19, of appoplexy. 
 Li Hung Chang, the Chinese peace envoy to Japan, shot (not fatally) by a young 
 
 Japanese on March 4. 
 
 (Continued on next page). 
 
HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR 1896-Continued. 
 
 Anton C. Hesing, of the Staats Zeitung, died suddenly in Chicago April i. 
 April 3, George B. Swift elected mayor of Chicago over four other candidates by 
 
 41,930 majority. 
 James W. Scott, of the Times-Herald, of Chicago, died suddenly in New York on 
 
 April 14. 
 The steamer Chicora foundered in Lake Michigan April 15; all lost. 
 Herman H. Kohlsaat purchased the Chicago Times-Herald and Evening Post, 
 
 Saturday, April 19, 
 Sioux Center, Iowa, May 3, a terrible cyclone passed over the country here; many 
 
 lives lost. 
 May 15, Florence Nightingale, the famous nurse of the Crimea, is 75 years old 
 Washington, May 28, Walter Q. Gresham, secretary of state, died early this 
 
 morning at the Arlington Hotel, 
 Danville, N. Y., August 5, Mrs. T. De Witt Talmage died here this morning. 
 George F. Root, composer of famous war songs, died on August 6 at Bailey's 
 
 Island. Casco Bay, near Portland, Me. 
 Denver, Colo., the Gurney Hotel wrecked by an explosion and forty lives lost. 
 Leonard W. Polk, the sculptor, died in Osceola. Wis., August 17. 
 Atlanta, Ga., September 18, President Cleveland at Gray Gables set Atlanta's 
 
 exposition in motion. 
 Bartalome Masso was elected president of the Cuban republic September lo. 
 S. Corning Judd, ex-postmaster of Chicago, died at his home in Chicago Sep- 
 tember 23. 
 Paris, September 29, Professor Louis Pasteur died at his home September 29. 
 Washington, D. C, General William Mahone died at i p. m., October 8. 
 New York, October 18, the Duke of Marlborough arrested for scorching. 
 Ex-Governor Oliver Ames, of Massachusetts, died at his home, North Easton, 
 
 October 22. 
 General Van Wick, ex-United States senator from Nebraska, died at Washington 
 
 October 25. 
 Washington, D. C, Monsignor Satolli, delegate apostolic to the United States, 
 
 was created a cardinal by the Pope. 
 Eugene Field, poet and writer, died in Chicago, early Monday, November 4. 
 John B. Drcikc, of the Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago, died November 12. 
 Dr. S. F. Smith, author of " America," died in Boston, Mass., November 16. 
 Peter McGeoch, great wheat and pork speculator, committed suicide at Mil- 
 waukee, November 28. 
 Alexander Dumas died at Paris November 27. 
 
 Columbus, Ohio, Judge Allan G. Thurman died at his residence on the afternoon 
 of December 13. He was born in Lynchburg, Va., November 13, 181 3. He 
 had been a member of congress and served twelve years in the senate. 
 The following was taken from Henry Watterson's address of welcome to the 
 members of the G. A. R. at the Louisville encampment in 1895: 
 "And the flag! God bless the flag! As the heart of McCallum More 
 warmed to the tartan, do all hearts warm to the flag ! Have you upon your 
 rounds of sight-seeing missed it hereabouts ? Does it make itself on any hand 
 conspicuous by its absence? Can you doubt the loyal sincerity of those who 
 from house-top and roof-tree have thrown it to the breeze ? Let some sacri- 
 legious hand be raised to haul it down, and see ! No, no, comrades, the people 
 en masse do not deal in subterfuges; they do not stoop to conquer; they may be 
 wrong; they may be perverse, but they never dissemble. These are honest flags 
 with honest hearts behind them. They are the symbols of a nationality as 
 precious to us as to you. They fly at last as Webster would have them fly. bear- 
 ing no such mottoes as ' What is all this worth ?' or ' Liberty first and Union 
 afterward,' but blazing in letters of living light upon their ample folds, as they 
 float over the sea and over the land, those words dear to every American heart : 
 'Union and liberty, now and forever, one and inseparable.' " 
 

 A9n I going in the wroti^ ^ Q f\ ^ If so, I must turn about and 
 direction ? M. O ^ \J ffo *'*« o*'*^*' ^f^V' 
 
 
 S 
 
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 31 
 
 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Baltimore, Md., January 5, Archbishop Francis SatolH, Apostolic delegate to the 
 
 United States, invested with the red berreta creating him a Cardinal Prince 
 
 in the church. 
 
 Madrid, January 17, Captain-General Martinez de Campos retires from Cuba. 
 
 General Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, dies from an accident in New York, January 21. 
 
 Prince Henry of Battenberg dies in Ashantee, Africa. 
 
 Vulcan coal mine explodes in Colorado; 60 killed. 
 
 New York, February 22, Ballington Booth and wife, of the Salvation Army, 
 
 revolt, and refuse to go to Eng-land. 
 
 Rome, March 4, Italy is shaken; population protest against further troops going 
 
 to Africa. 
 
 Madrid, March 4, Students tore down and burned the American flag. 
 
 (Continued on next page). 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1896-Continued. 
 
 St. Louis, March 4, Archbishop Kenrick died, in the qoth year of his age. 
 
 Rome, March 7, Premier Crispi and ministry resign, and Marquis di Rudini 
 succeeds, 
 
 Thomas Hughes, noted writer and statesman, died in London, March 22, 
 
 New York, April 6, ex-President Harrison married to Mary Lord Dimmick. 
 
 Leon Say, distinguished French Diplomat, died at Paris, April 21. 
 
 Baron Hirsch, the great Jewish philanthropist, died at Vienna on April 21. 
 
 H. C. Bunner, editor of Puck, died at Nutley, N. J,, May 11. 
 
 Cyclone at Sherman, Texas, on May 15; killed more than 100 people. 
 
 General Lucius Fairchild died at Madison, Wis., on May 23. 
 
 St. Louis, May 27, A cyclone sweeps over the city, and 1,000 people killed. 
 
 Frank Mayo, actor, died on the Union Pacific train on June 8. 
 
 Paris, June 8. Jules Simon, French statesman, died suddenly. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., June 18, William McKinley, of Ohio, nominated on the first ballot 
 for President— 661^ votes — and Garret A. Hobart, of New Jersey, for Vice- 
 President. Governor Foraker, of Ohio, nominated Major McKinley, and it 
 started a tremendous demonstration. Senators Teller and Cameron bolted 
 the Convention. 
 
 Peoria, June 23, Governor John P. Altgeld nominated for re-election by 
 acclamation. 
 
 Lyman Trumbull was buried in Oakwoods, Chicago, on June 26. 
 
 Chicago, July II, William Jennings Bryan nominated for President on the fifth 
 ballot— 639 votes — and Arthur Sewell, of Maine, nominated for Vice- 
 President. 
 
 Paris, July 14, President Faure, while reviewing the troops, fired upon by an 
 anarchist, who was arrested. 
 
 Ex-Governor William E. Russell, of Mass., died suddenly in a camp near Quebec 
 on July 16. 
 
 W. J. Bryan and Thomas E. Watson nominated by the Populists for President 
 and Vice-President. 
 
 Mayor Pingree, of Detroit, nominated for Governor of Michigan August 6. 
 
 Han^ilton, Mass., August 17, Gail Hamilton died of paralysis. 
 
 New York, August 31, Li Hung Shang, the great Chinese statesman, visits 
 America. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, September 2. Bishop S. M. Merrill, of the Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church, celebrated his half century of service in the church at the Cin- 
 cinnati Conference, where he first entered the ministry in 1846. 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind., September 13, the Gold Democrats nominated General John 
 M. Palmer, of Illinois, for President, and General Simon Bolivar Buckner, 
 of Ky., for Vice-President. 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio, September 9, ex-Senator Henry B. Payne died at his home 
 to-day, 
 
 London, October 8, George du Maurier, author of Trilby, died this morning. 
 
 London, October 11, Archbishop of Canterbury died of appoplexy suddenly. 
 
 November 4, the greatest political battle ever fought in America closed to-day. 
 William McKinley, of Ohio, was elected President, and Garret A Hobart, of 
 New Jersey, Vice-President. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis., December 5, wholesale poisoning; 600 persons affected by 
 eating bread supposed to contain arsenic. 
 
 Havana, December 8, General Maceo, the great insurgent general, reported 
 ^ killed. 
 
 Chicago, December 22, the Illinois National Bank closes its doors, and carries 
 down four other banks. 
 

 Tou are right or you are wrong, ■ %^ Ij ^7 Cheers for the tiving comrade 
 There is NO MIDDLE GR O UND J| O >^ J «»*<« tears for the dead.—IngersolL 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 Springfield, 111., January 19, W. E. Mason elected United States senator from 
 
 Illinois on first ballot. 
 
 Washington, D. C, General Alfred Pleasonton, of cavalry fame, died on Feb- 
 
 ruary 7. 
 
 February 18, 2.000 Moslems massacred at Sitia, Crete. 
 
 Manilla, Philippine Islands, February 19, the Spaniards have captured the insur- 
 
 gent town of Selang and 500 insurgents killed. 
 
 Binghamton, N. Y, February 19, Major General John C. Robinson, who lost a 
 
 leg at the battle of the Wilderness, died at 80 years of age. 
 
 Canea, Crete, February 21, foreign war ships bombard the insurgent camp. 
 
 Havana, February 21, Dr. Ruiz, an American citizen, slain in a Spanish dungeon. 
 
 Washington, March 4, William McKinley, of Ohio, and Garrett A. Hobart, of 
 
 New Jersey, inaugurated as President and Vice-President. 
 
 Athens, March 25, Christian insurgents in Crete blow up a fort with dynamite, 
 
 and Turkish troops routed. 
 
 (Continued on next page). 
 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1897-Continued. 
 
 Havana, March 29, General Ruiz Rivera, captured by the Spaniards. 
 
 Guthrie, O. T., a tornado at Chandler destroyed three fourths of the town, am 
 
 45 were killed. 
 April 6, Carter H. Harrison elected mayor of Chicago over four candidates ii 
 
 the field. The mantle of Carter, Sr., has fallen on the son. 
 London, April 18, forces of Greece and Turkey meet in relentless and blood' 
 
 war; fierce battle fought at Milouna Pass, and both armies lose heavily. 
 The tomb of General Grant, at Riverside Park, N. Y., dedicated on April 27 
 
 Sixty thousand men march amid the boom of cannon, and crowd of wil 
 
 nesses estimated at 3,000,000. 
 Paris, May 4, fire in a bazar; more than one hundred titled ladies perish in th 
 
 flames. 
 London, May 15, Domokos lost to the Greeks; great excitement in Athens. 
 London, May 19, bloody sword of tTie Turk sheathed by command of the Russiai 
 
 Czar. 
 Matthew Laflin, Illinois pioneer, died in Chicago on May 20. 
 Cambridge, Mass , Professor Alvan Clarke, the great telescope lens maker, die* 
 
 here on June 9. 
 Paris, June 15, an attempt made to assassinate President Faure. 
 London, June 14, Barnato, the famous diamond king, leaps overboard from th( 
 
 steamer Scott while on the way to England. 
 London, June 21, the Queen's diamond jubilee inaugurated today; the mos 
 
 impressive procession England ever saw. 
 London, July 20, Jean Ingelow, poet and novelist, died July 19. 
 The Logan statue unveiled in Chicago on July 22. 
 
 Providence, R. L, ex-United States Senator James R. Doolittle died July 27. 
 Madrid, August 8, Senor Antonio Canovas, prime minister of Spain, was assas 
 
 sinated to-day by an anarchist. 
 City of Mexico, September 16, President Diaz escaped assassination on Mexico'; 
 
 Independence Day. 
 New York, October 8, ex-Senator McPherson, of New Jersey, died to-night. 
 Windsor, Nova Scotia, was swept by fire on October 17 and 3,000 people an 
 
 homeless. 
 George M. Pullman died suddenly at his residence in Chicago on October 19, 
 New York, October 29, Henry George, mayoralty candidate, dropped dead. 
 New York. November 2, Robert Van Wyck was elected first mayor of Create 
 
 New York. 
 Columbus, Ohio, Marcus A. Hanna, who conducted President McKinley's cam 
 
 pai^n, elected United States senator. 
 Paris, November 15, Dr. Thomas W. Evans, the noted American dentist, diec 
 
 suddenly on November 14. It was he who aided Empress Eugenie to escape 
 
 from Paris after the defeat of the French by the German army. 
 London, November 19. great fire in London; $25,ooo,oooloss. 
 Canton, Ohio, Mrs. Nancy Allison McKinley, mother of the President, died or 
 
 December 12. 
 Havana, December 17, huge frauds have been found in Weyler's accounts. H< 
 
 got away with the boodle. 
 The Leiter wheat deal, the greatest of its kind ever known, began during the 
 
 latter part of 1897. 
 Post No. 529, G. A. R., Department of Indiana, was organized at Notre Dame or 
 
 October 5. All the members are priests. Very Rev. William E. Corby, the 
 
 commander was chaplain of the 88th New York, and did good service at Get 
 
 tysburg; Father Olmstead, one of the members, was lieutenant colonel of the 
 
 2d New York. Commander Corby died December 23. 
 

 
 When a man is down extend ^ ^ g^ r\ A man crazed with drink is a 
 the helping hand. It is a good I 3% ■ ■ %t fiend and yet we license rum 
 investment. M %J >r %^ selling. 
 
 
 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 
 San Quentin. Cal., January 7, Theodore Durant hanged for the murder of 
 
 
 Blanche Lamont 
 
 
 Augusta. Ga., January 8, Major Moses P. Handy died. 
 
 
 Columbus, Ohio, January 12, Marcus A. Hanna elected to the U. S. Senate. 
 
 
 Paris, January 15, France insane over the Dreyfus case. 
 
 
 Havana, January 14, city in disorder; mob defies troops and police. 
 
 
 Havana, January 21, Cubans win a victory; the Spaniards lose heavily. 
 
 
 President Dole and wife are guests of the United States. 
 
 
 Washington, D. C, warship Maine ordered to Havana. 
 
 
 Chicago, January 29. wheat goes to $1.00, Joseph Leiter in control. 
 
 
 Odessa, January 30, Russia sends 10 000 troops to China. 
 
 
 (Continued on next page). 
 
 
 
 
HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR 1898— Continued. 
 
 Washington, D. C , Spanish Minister Dupuy de Lome insults the President and 
 is recalled on February 9. 
 
 Chicago, February 10. Luetgert, the wife murderer, sentenced to prison for life. 
 
 Battleship Maine blown up by torpedoes in Havana harbor on February 15, 
 258 marines perish. 
 
 New York, February 17, Miss Frances E. Willard died at the Empire Hotel at 
 midnight on the 17th, Miss Willard was the "Uncrowned Queen of 
 America;" she was an American by birth, but belonged to the World. In 
 early life she lived on a farm, and loved the country home and country 
 manners; did not attend school until fourteen years of age, yet. with a mind 
 receptive to all that was sensible and good, she became a ripe scholar and a 
 profound thinker, an organizer and a safe leader. She stood a peer among 
 the great educators in America, and a stalwart in her life work — purity and 
 sobriety. Frances Willard goes down to future generations as a martyr, and 
 'tis well. The great cause for which she labored and died needed such a 
 sacrifice to stimulate her co laborers to greater work in this part of the Mas- 
 ter's vineyard. She died on the battlefield of temperance and purity with 
 her face towards the enemy, and, it is fitting that a monument be erected to 
 her memory, to commemorate her many hard struggles and self-sacrificing 
 devotion to a work honored of God. "The Temple." built and burdened 
 with debt, should be re-dedicated and redeemed. Let "Willard Temple free 
 from debt," from this on, be the "war cry" of all the ribboners — the Red, 
 White and Blue — and before the nineteenth century goes out the temperance 
 people can, with a just pride, point to a beautiful and enduring monument, 
 erected to the memory of the world's greatest temperance advocate and 
 leader — Frances E Willard. 
 
 New York. February 28. "I am for war, if war is declared, not only as an Ameri- 
 can but as a Catholic priest." — Father Sylvester Malone, Church of SS. Peter 
 and Paul, Williamsburg, N . V. 
 
 Rome, March 2, Pope LeoXHI to-day celebrates his eighty-eighth birthday. 
 
 Count Kolnocky. Austrian premier, died at Vienna. 
 
 Benjamin Butterworth, of Washington, D. C, died at Thomasville, Ga 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal., March 11, Gen. W. S. Rosecrans. the last of the army com- 
 manders of the civil war, died at his home, near Renonda, at 7 o'clock p. m. 
 
 Havana. March 14. Mrs. Thurston, wife of Senator Thurston, of Nebraska, died 
 suddenly in the yacht Anita, while entering the harbor of Saqua. 
 
 Washington, March 14. Senator Wm. E. Mason, of Illinois, received a challenge 
 from a bull-fighting Spanish editor of Madrid to fight a duel. The senator 
 accepted the challenge to fight him with jokes or snow balls. 
 
 March 16th, disastrous fire in Chicago thirty lives lost, and ^1,000,000 money 
 loss. 
 
 Washington, D. C, March 17th, Hon. B. K. Bruce, ex-United States Senator 
 and registrar of the treasury, died to day, 
 
 Washington, D.C., March 21st, Captain Sigsbee, of the Maine, assigned to active 
 duty again. 
 
 Spanish torpedo fleet en route from Spain to Puerto Rico. 
 
 Newport News, March 24th, the battleships Kearsage and Kentucky launched 
 to-day, the former christened with Old Rye, the latter with Adam's Ale. 
 
 Washington, March 25th, the naval reserves of the middle and western states 
 notified to be in readiness for a call to arms. 
 
 Hon. Wheelock G. Veasey, of Vermont, past commander-in-chief of the G A. R., 
 dies to-day. 
 
 Havana. March 2flth, American officials and all remaining officers of the battle- 
 ship Maine, leave Havana. 
 
 Washington, D. C, March 28th: "Spain won't pay indemnity, eh? Well, we 
 will see. — Uncle Sam. 
 
 Gen. Wm. Booth, of the Salvation Army, visits Chicago. 
 
HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR 1898-Continued. 
 
 Madrid, March 31. -Sagasta notifies Minister Woodford that Americas de- 
 mands are rejected. 
 
 Washington, D. C, April 2. -President McKinley refuses to change his 
 course at the request of Peace-at-any-price men. 
 
 Preliminary instructions sent to Minister Woodford to leave Madrid. 
 
 Cypress Junction, 111., April 3.-Two hundred and fifty persons were drowned 
 today by the inundation of Shawneetown. 
 
 Washington, D. C, April 5.-Capt. Sigsbee charges the blowmg up of the 
 Maine to Spain. 
 
 Havana April 6.- Over two hundredreconcentrados who left Havana to renew 
 their labors were massacred by Spanish troops near Gumes. 
 
 Madrid, April 7.- Spanish populace will rise in rebellion unless allowed to 
 
 Washington, D. C, April 7.— Europe's representatives informed by the Presi- 
 dent that no meddling will be tolerated. 
 Washington, D. C, April 8.-Governors of States are requested to furnish mus- 
 ter rolls. 
 Madrid, April lO.-City in an uproar. Excited crowds carry feeling to a dan- 
 ger point. 
 Washington, D. C, April ll.-President McKinley sent in his Cuban message 
 
 to Congress today— diplomacy has failed and force must be applied. 
 Washington, D. C, April 13.-Spain is guilty. The Maine Commission so de- 
 cides. She must answer for the Maine disaster. 
 Washington, D. C, April 14. - Resolved, That the President is hereby 
 
 authorized and directed to intervene at once and stop the war m Cuba. 
 Washington, D. C, April 15. -Orders from headquarters sets our army m 
 
 motion. 
 Madrid, April 16.— American Consulate at Malaga attacked by a mob. 
 Washington, D. C, April 18.— War resolutions pass both houses :— yeas 352 ; 
 
 nays 41. 
 London, April 20 — Spain will fight. Warlike address by Sagasta. 
 Washington, D. C, April 22.- War ! McKinley so decides. Flying Squadron 
 starts south. Minister Woodford notified. Spain threw down the gage of 
 battle. ,, 
 
 Washington, D. C, April 23.— President McKinley issued a proclamation call- 
 ing for 125,000 men. . 
 Matanzus, Cuba, April 27.-The first battle of the war with Spam between 
 
 Commodore Sampson's fleet and the shore batteries. 
 Manila, May l.-Admiral Dewey won his great victory over Spam m Manila 
 Bay by sinking eleven of Admiral Montijo's fleet and capturing two. Amer- 
 ican loss in ships and men none. 
 Madrid, May 3.-City is now under martial law. Rioters shot.- They ask for 
 
 bread and get bullets. 
 San Juan, Cuba, capitulated to Commodore Sampson on May 13. 
 Key West, Fla., May 14 —American warships pour a deadly fire into the city 
 
 of Cienfuegos. 400 Dons killed. 
 San Francisco, Cal, May 15.- Edward Remenyi, famous Hungarian violmist, 
 
 died today. 
 London, May 19.— William E. Gladstone, England's greatest statesman, died 
 at Hawarden at 5 a. m. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1898— Continued. 
 
 Washington, D. C, May 25. — The President issued a call for 75,000 more men. 
 Washington, D. C, May 30.— Admiral Cevera's fleet caught in the trap at 
 Santiago. 
 
 Cruiser Columbia collides with and sinks a British steamship near Fire Island. 
 
 Madrid, May 31. — The Epoca, one of the leading Spanish papers, pleads for 
 peace. 
 
 New York, June 1.— Comedian T. W. Keene died today at the Smith In- 
 firmary. 
 
 Cape Haytien, Hayti, June 1. — Comodore Schley silenced fortifications at 
 Santiago Harbor. 
 
 Washington, D. C, June 3. — Sampson advanced on Santiago batteries again 
 this morning. 
 
 June 4. — The Merrimac was sunk in the Santiago Channel by Spanish guns. 
 Hobson and his crew miraculously escaped death but are made prisoners. 
 
 Washington, D. C, June 5. — Capt. Charles W. Gridley, commander of Com- 
 modore Dewey's flag ship, Olympia, died yesterday at Kobe, Japan. 
 Body was cremated and remains sent hom^e. 
 
 Port au Prince, Hayti, June 6. — The first troops, 5000 men, have been landed at 
 Punta Cabrera, Cuba. 
 
 Cape Haytien, Hayti, June 11.— "Old Glory" floats over Ciamanera, in Guan- 
 tanamo Bay. 
 
 London, June 12. — Ambassador Hay cables the State Department that Manila 
 has surrendered. 
 
 June 16. — 5000 Spanish soldiers desert to the insurgents. 
 
 Guantanamo Bay bombarded by Sampson. 
 
 June 17. — Sampson batters Santiago forts, all of which were rendered useless 
 excepting El Morro. 
 
 London, June 17. — Special despatches say American troops have arrived at 
 Manila; that Capt. Genl. August! has resigned, and that his wife and child- 
 ren are prisoners in the hands of the insurgents. 
 
 Havana, June 20. — Marriano Salva tries to assassinate Capt. Genl. Blanco. 
 
 Washington, D. C, June 21. — Shafter's army now landing at Santiago. 
 
 London, June 25.— An attempt to poison the Czar and Czarina, of Russia, dis- 
 covered. 
 
 Jaragua, Cuba, June 25.— Col. Wood's ( Roosevelt's) Rough Riders lured into 
 an ambush and sixteen killed including Capt. Allyn K. Capron and 
 Hamilton Fish, Jr. Fifty were wounded. 
 
 Battle of Sevilla, Cuba, fought June 24 ; estimated loss, 22 killed, 80 wounded. 
 
 Port Said, Egypt, June 26 —Spanish fleet, 12 vessels Rear Admiral Camara, 
 entered harbor this morning. 
 
 San Francisco, June 26. — Third Manila expedition leaves today. 
 
 Washington, D. C, June 27. — Commodore Watson has received orders to cross 
 the Atlantic and attack Spain at home. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal., June 29.— Major General Merritt set sail on the S. S. New- 
 port, for the Philippines. 
 
 Playa del Este, Cuba, July 1, 11:30 a. m. — A general assault on Santiago by land 
 and sea began at 7 a. m. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 1. — General Shafter demanded the immediate surren- 
 der of Santiago de Cuba. 
 
 
HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR 1898— Continued. 
 
 Ladrone Islands captured and Stars and Stripes float over them. 
 
 July 1. — General Shafter assaulted the Spanish outposts at Santiago. Battle 
 raged fiercely all day. Spaniards driven into the city. At dark American 
 troops occupied the Spanish intrenchments outside the city, within half a 
 mile of the city walls. American loss about 1500 killed and wounded. 
 
 July 2. — Fighting was resumed at Santiago. American troops held the ground 
 occupied the day before. 
 
 July 3. — General Shafter demanded a surrender of the city under penalty of 
 " bombardment, to begin at 10 a. m., July 4. The demand was refused. 
 
 July 3.— Admiral Cevera's squadron made an effort to escape from Santiago 
 harbor. The Oregon, Indiana, Iowa and Brooklyn, under Commodore 
 Schley, pursued and destroyed the Vizcaya, Almirante Oquendo, Maria 
 Teresa and Christobal Colon, taking Admiral Cervera and 1,500 of his men 
 prisoners. The Spanish loss in killed was 360. The American ships were 
 uninjured in the battle and but one man was killed. 
 
 Siboney, July 3. — "The fleet under my command offers the Nation a Fourth of 
 July present in the destruction of the whole of Cevera's fleet. Not one 
 escaped. — Sampson." 
 
 July 4.— At the urgent request of the foreign Consuls, General Shafter agreed 
 ' to a truce until July 5, noon, in order to give time for the removal of women 
 and children from Santiago. 
 
 Halifax, N. S., July 6. — La Bourgogne, French line steamer, collided with Brit- 
 ish ship Cromartyshire 60 miles south of the Sabine islands and 553 persons 
 were drowned. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 6. — The annexation of Hawaii was accomplished 
 today. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 6.— Alfonso XII, Spanish warship, in trying to escape 
 from Havana was shot to peices by an American cruiser. 
 
 Suez, Egypt, July 8.— The Spanish squadron, under Admiral Camara, has re- 
 turned here and is preparing to enter the canal on its way back to Spain. 
 
 St. Louis, July 8.— Cloud burst causes great damages. 
 
 London, July 8. — Spain makes informal overtures for peace. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 9,— Bombardment of Santiago commenced today at 
 noon. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 9. — Spanish offer to surrender Santiago refused. 
 
 Cavite, July 9. — Admiral Dewey took the Isle Grande with 1300 men, arms and 
 ammunition. 
 
 July 10.— President McKinley's proclamation requesting all Christian churches 
 
 in the United States to observe Sunday, July 11, as a day of thanksgiving 
 
 and prayer was complied with by Protestant and Catholic, Jew and Gentile. 
 
 Rev. Frank Bristol of the Metropolitan M. E. Church in Washington 
 
 said : 
 
 The men who offer then* lives on liberty's holy altar today caught their inspir- 
 ation from the men who fought for their convictions in our civil war; and those great 
 men of our civil war had heard of the revolutionary heroes and were pi-oud to emulate 
 their deeds of patriotic valor ; but the men of the revolution had inherited the spirit 
 of the pilgrim, fathers and were determined to prove themselves worthy of their noble 
 sires; the pilgrims had the mantels of the reformers resting upon their broad her- 
 culean shoulders; and the refoi'mers remembered with reverence the martyrs; and the 
 martyrs hud seen the apostles; and the apostles had touched the Christ. There is 
 your providence in history. 
 
 Archbishop Ireland of the Archdiocese of Minnesota, at St. Paul, said: 
 
 " God's power and will are above armies and navies, and on Him i»v more than 
 on armies and navies nations depend. Let us praise and thank God. He blesses us 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1898— Continued. 
 
 in the war our armies wage to-day. Victory follows victory ; the starry banner waves 
 triumphant in Cuba and in the far distant Philippines. Small has been the sacrifices 
 demanded as the price of victories. Wondrously great is the result of our victories. 
 
 " A new America has risen. A new era has dawned in our history. America as 
 never before is conscious of her power ; the nations of the earth as never before un- 
 derstand her pOM^er. The child of a century is a giantess whose arms reach beyond 
 her own vast continent across distance oceans. God indeed has blessed her. The 
 ideals of America are in God's designs the ideals of all humanity. And America tri- 
 umphs that popular liberty may trixxmph and a new order of things spring up for all 
 humanity. 
 
 "This is why greatness comes to her, and greatness yet will come to her beyond 
 all that human vision to-day is able to see. She Mill grow into this new stature as by 
 the very laws of natui'e, and God's hand will be with her then as it is now, guarding 
 her in her tr\ie mission and preserving for her sake and that of the world her price- 
 less liberty." 
 
 Portsmouth, N. H., July 10. — Admiral Cervera and staff and 638 of his men 
 have arrived here, 
 
 Siboney, July 10. — The Spanish General Toral declined to surrender to Gen- 
 eral Shafter. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 11. — Joint bombardment between army and navy about 
 Santiago. 
 
 Madrid, July 12. — Senor Sagasta and Spanish Cabinet resigned. 
 
 Admiral Camera's squadron returning to Spain. 
 
 Santiago de Cuba, July 12. — General Toral refuses to surrender the city. 
 Wishes to consult Madrid. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 13. — Hostilities with Spain are costing Uncle Sam 
 5551,000,000 daily. 
 
 Washington, D, C, July 14. — Santiago surrendered at 3 p. m. Spanish troops 
 to be sent back to Spain. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 16. — Eben Brewer, who had charge of all postal ar- 
 rangements of the United States in Cuba, died near Santiago to-day. 
 
 Santiago de Cuba, July 17. — The stars and stripes raised over Santiago to-day 
 at 12 amid booming of cannon, the army and navy saluting, bands playing 
 "Star Spangled Banner." 
 
 The greatest sea fight known in the history of the world was fought on Sunday, 
 July 3rd, off the harbor at Santiago, between the American fleet, Admiral 
 Sampson, and the Spanish fleet, Admiral Cervera. The results astonish 
 the world. The American yet sails, the pride of the nation; the Spanish, 
 annihilated, rests on the bottom of the Carribean Sea. Capt. Evans, whose 
 good ship Iowa was the first to spy the Spanish Admiral stealing away, says: 
 
 " I was sitting in my cabin talking to my son, who was a cadet on the Massachu- 
 setts, but who had been left behind in a picket launch when his ship went up the 
 bay to coal. Some one shouted : ' What's that black thing coming out of the harbor?' 
 A moment later the Iowa was at general quarters and the eneine bf^ll rang full speed 
 ahead. I put the helm to starboard and the Iowa crossed the bows of the Infanta 
 Maria Teresa, the first ship out. As the Spanish Admiral swung to the westward the 
 twelve-inch shells from the forward turret of the Iowa seemed to strike him fair in 
 the bow, and the fight was a spectacle. 
 
 " It was a superb sight to see the squadron come out — beautifully spaced as to 
 distance and gradually increasing its speed to thirteen knots. 
 
 " The Iowa from this moment kept up a steady fire from its heavy guns, heading 
 all the time to keep the Infanta Maria Teresa on its starboard bow, and hoping to 
 ram one of the leading ships. 
 
 " In the meantime the Oregon, Indiana, Brooklyn and Texas were doing excel- 
 lent work with their heavy guns. In a short time the enemy's ships were all clear of 
 the harbor mouth, and it became evidently impossible for the Iowa to ram either the 
 first or the second ships on account of their speed. 
 
 "The range at this time was 2,000 yards from the leading ships. The Iowa's 
 helm was immediately put hard to the starboard and the entire starboard broadside 
 was poured into the Infanta Maria Teresa. The helm was then quickly shifted to 
 port, and the ship went cross the stern of the Teresa in an effort to head off the 
 Oquendo. All the time the engines were driving at full speed ahead, while a per- 
 
HISTORICAL ETENTS OF THE YEAR 1898— Continued. 
 
 feet torrent of shells from the enemy passed over the smokestacks and superstruct- 
 ure of the ship, but none struck her. 
 
 "The « ristobal Colon, being- much faster than the rest of the Spanish ships, 
 went rapidly to the front in an effort to escape, and in passing the Iowa the 
 Colon placed two six-inch shells fairly in our starboard bow. One passed through 
 the cofferdam and dispensary, wrecking the latter and bursting on the berth-deck, 
 doing considerable damage. The other passed through the side at the water line 
 within the cofferdam, where it still remains. 
 
 " As it was now obviously impos-^ible to ram any of the Spanish ships, on ac- 
 count of their superior speed, the Iowa's helm was put to the starboard, and she ran 
 on a course parallel with the enemy. Being then abreast of the Almirante Oquendo 
 at a distance of 1,100 yards, the Iowa's entire battery, including the rapid-fire guns, 
 was opened on the Oquendo. The punishment was terrific. Many twelve and eight- 
 inch shells were seen to explode inside of her, and smoke came through her hatches. 
 The Oquendo seemed to stop her engines for a moment and lost headway ; but she 
 immediately resumed her speed and gradually drew ahead of the Iowa and came 
 under the terrific fire of the Oregon and Texas. 
 
 "At this moment the alarm of ' Torpedo boats' was sounded, and two torpedo- 
 boat destroyers were discovered in the starboard quarter at a distance of 4,000 
 yards. Fire was at once opened on them with the after battery, and a twelve-inch 
 shell cut the stern of one destroyer squarely off. As the shell struck a small torpedo 
 boat fired back at the battleship, sending a shell within a few feet of my head. I said 
 to Executive Officer Rogers: 'That little chap has got a lot of cheek.' Rogers 
 shouted back: 'She shoots very well, all the same.'' 
 
 " Well up among the advancing cruisers, spitting shots atone and then another, 
 was the little Gloucester, shooting first at a cruiser, then at a torpedo boat, and hit- 
 ting a head wherever she saw it. The marvel was that she was not destroyed by the 
 rain of shells. In the meantime the Vizcaya was slowly drawing abeam of the 
 Iowa, and for the space of fifteen minutes it was give and take between the two 
 ships. The Vizcaya fired rapidly, but wildly, not one shot taking effect on the Iowa, 
 while the shells from the Iowa were tearing great rents in the sides of the Vizcaya. 
 As the latter passed ahead of the Iowa she came under the murderous fire of the 
 Oregon. At this time the Infanta Maria Teresa and the Almirante Oquendo, leading 
 the enemy's column, were seen to be heading for the beach in flames. The Texas, 
 Oregon and Iowa pounded them unmercifully. They ceased to reply to the fire, and 
 in a few moments the Spanish cruisers were a mass of flames and on the rocks with 
 their colors down, the Teresa flying a white flag at the fore. 
 
 " Thecrews of the enemy's ships, stripped, began jumping overboard, when one 
 of the smaller magazines began to explode. 
 
 " Meantime the Brooklyn and the Cristobal Colon were exchanging compliments 
 in lively fashion at apparently long range, and the Oregon, with her locomotive 
 speed, was hanging well on the Colon, also paying attention to the Vizcaya. The 
 Teresa and the Oquendo were in flames on the beach just twenty minutes after the 
 first shot was flred. Fifty miniites after the first shot was fired the Vizcaya put her 
 helm to port, with a great burst of flame from the after part of the ship, and headed 
 slowly for the rocks at Acceraderes, where she found her last resting place. 
 
 " As it was apparent that the Iowa could not possibly catch the Cristobal Colon, 
 and that the Oregon and Brooklyn undoubtedly Mould, and as the fast New York was 
 also on her trail, I decided that the calls of humanity should be answered and atten- 
 tion was given to 1.200 or 1,500 Spanish oflicers and men who had struck their colors to 
 the American squadron commanded by Admiral Sampson. I therefore headed for the 
 wreck of the Vizcaya, now burning furiously fore and aft. When I was in as far as 
 the depth of water would admit I lowered all my boats and sent them at once to the 
 assistance of the tinfortunate men, who were being drowned by dozens or roasted on 
 the decks. I soon discovered that the insurgent Cubans from the shore were shooting 
 men who were struggling in the water, after having surrendered to us. I immediately 
 put a stop to this, but I could not put a stop to the mutilation of many bodies by the 
 sharks inside the reef. These creatures had become excited by the blood from the 
 wounded mixing with the water. 
 
 " My boats' crews worked manfully and succeeded in saving many of the wounded 
 from the burning ship. One man, who will be recommended for promotion, clambered 
 up the side of the Vizcaya and saved three men from burning to death. The smaller 
 magazines of the Vizcaya were exploding with magnificent cloud effects. The boats 
 were coming alongside in a steady string, ani willing hands were helping the lacera- 
 ted Spanish ofBeers and sailors onto the Iowa's quarter deck. All the Spaniards were 
 absolutely wiihoiit clothes. Some had their legs torn off by fragments of shells. Others 
 were mutilated in every conceivable way. 
 
 " The bottoms of the boats held two or three inches of blood. In many cases dead 
 men were lying in it. Five poor chaps died on the way to the ship. They were after- 
 ward buried with military honors from the Iowa. Some examples of heroism, or more 
 properly, devotion to discipline and duty, could never be surpassed. One man on the 
 Vizcava had his left arm almost shot off just below the shoulder. The fragments were 
 hanging by a small piece of skin, but he climbed unassisted over the side and saluted as 
 if on a visit of ceremony. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1898-Continued, 
 
 " Immediately after him came a strong-hearted sailor whose left leg had been shot 
 off above the knee. He was hoisted on board the Iowa with a tackle, but never a 
 whimper came from him. Gradually the mangled bodies and naked men accumulated 
 until it would have been almost diflBcult to recognize the Iowa as a United States 
 battleship. 
 
 "Blood was all over her usually white quarterdeck, and 272 naked men were being 
 supplied with water and food by those who a few minutes before had been using a 
 rapid-fire battery on them. Finally came the boat with Capt. Eulate, commander of 
 the Vizcaya, for whom a chair was lowered over the side, as he was evidently wounded. 
 The Captain's guard of marines was drawn up on the quarterdeck to salute him, and I 
 stood waiting to welcome him. 
 
 "As the chair was placed on the deck the marines presented arms. Capt. 
 Eulate slowly raised himself in the chair, saluted me with grave dignity, unbuckled his 
 sword-belt and, holding the hilt before him, kissed it reverently with tears in his eyes, 
 and then surrendered it to me. 
 
 "Of course I declined to receive it, and as the crew of the Iowa saw this they 
 cheered like wild men. As I started to take Capt Eulate into the cabin to let the 
 doctors examine his wounds the magazines on board the Vizcaya exploded with a tre- 
 mendous burst of flame. The captain, extending his hands, said, 'Adios, Vizcaya. 
 There goes my beautiful ship, captain,' aud so we passed on to the cabin, where the 
 doctors dressed his three wounds. 
 
 " In the meantime, thirty officers of the Vizcaya had been picked up, besides 272 of 
 her crew. Our wardroom and steerage officers gave up their staterooms and furnished 
 food, clothing and tobacco to the naked officers from the Spanish vessel. The pay- 
 master issued uniforms to the naked sailors, and each was given all the corned beef, 
 coffee and hard tack he could eat. The war had assumed another aspect. 
 
 " As I knew the crews of the first two ships wrecked had not been visited by any 
 of our vessels, I ran down to them. I found the Gloucester with Admii*al Cervera and 
 a number of his officers aboard and also a large number of wounded, some in a fright- 
 fully mangled condition. Many prisoners had been killed on shore by the fire of the 
 Cubans. The Harvard came off and requested Capt. Cotton to go in and take off 
 the crews of the Infanta Maria Teresa and the Almirante Oquendo and by midnight 
 the Harvard had 976 prisoners aboard, a great number of them wounded. 
 
 "For courage and dash there is no parallel in history to this action of the Span- 
 ish admiral. He came, as he knew, to absolute destruction. There was one single 
 hope— that was that the Cristobal Colon would steam faster than the Brooklyn. The 
 spectacle of two torpedo-boat destroyers, paper shells at best, deliberately steaming 
 out in broad daylight in the face of the fire of a battleship can be described in one 
 way— it was Spanish and it was ordered by Blanco. The same must be said of the 
 entire movement. 
 
 "In contrast to this Spanish fashion was the cool, deliberate Yankee work. The 
 American squadron was without sentiment, apparently. The ships went at their 
 Spanish opponents and literally tore them to pieces. But the moment the Spanish 
 flag came down, it must have been evident that the sentiment was among the Ameri- 
 cans and not among the Spaniards. 
 
 "I took Admiral Cervera aboard the Iowa from the Gloucester and received him 
 with a full admiral's gtiard. The crew of the Iowa crowded aft over the turrets, half 
 naked and black with powder, as Cervera stepped over the side bareheaded. Over 
 his undershirt he wore a thin suit of flannel borrowed from Lieutenant-Commander 
 Wainwright of the Gloucester. The crew cheered vociferously. Cervera was every 
 inch an admiral, even if he had no hat. He submitted to the fortunes of war with a 
 grace that proclaimed him a thoroughbred." 
 
 Captain Evans is inten.sely proud of his ship and her men. The Iowa fired thirty- 
 one twelve-inch, forty-eight eight-inch, S70 four-inch, 1,060 six-pound and 120 one- 
 pound shots. 
 
 ♦ The officers of the Viscaya said they simply could not hold their crews at the 
 guns on account of the rapid fire poured upon them. The decks were flooded with 
 waier from the fire hose, and blood from the wounded made this a dark red. Frag- 
 ments of bodies floated in this along the gun-deck. Every instant the crack of 
 exploding shells tf lid of new havoc. One of the twelve-inch shells from the Iowa 
 exploded a torpedo in the Viscaya's bow, blowing twenty-one men against the deck 
 above and dropping them dead and mangled into the fire which at once started 
 below. 
 
 The torpedo boat Ericsson was sent by the flagship to help in the rescue of the 
 Viscaya's crew. Her men saw a terrible sight. The flames leaping out from the 
 huge shot-holes in the Viscaya's sides licked up the decks, sizzling the flesh of the 
 wounded, who were lying there shrieking for help. Between the frequent explosions 
 there came awful cries and groans from the men penned in below. This carnage was 
 chiefly due to the rapidity of the Americans' fire. Corporal Smith of the Iowa fired 
 135 aimed shots in fifty minutes from a four-inch gun. Two shells struck within ten 
 feet of Smith and started a small fire, but the corporal went on pumping shots into 
 the enemy, only stopping to say : "They've got it in for this gun, sir." 
 
HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR 1898— Contiuiied. 
 
 From two six-pounders 440 shots were fired in fifty minutes. Up in the tops the 
 marines banged awa>' with one pounders and were too excited to step back or duck 
 as the shells whistled over them. 
 
 One gunner of a secondary battery, under a twelve-inch gun, was almost blinded 
 by smoke and saltpeter from the turret and his crew was driven oflf, but putting a 
 wet handkf rohi. f over his face, with holes cut for the eyes, he stuck to his gun. 
 Finally, as the six-pounders were so close to the eight-inch turret as to make it 
 impossible to stay there with safety, the men were ordered away before the big 
 gun was fired, but they refused to leave. When the eight inch gun was fired the 
 concus ion blew two men ten feet from their guns a' d threw them to the deck as deaf 
 as posts. Back they went again, however, and were aarain blown down and finally 
 had to be draergeol away from their stations. Such bravery and dog determination 
 under the heavy fire was of frequent occurrence on all the ships engaged. 
 
 During his stay on the Iowa. Admiral Cervera endeared himself to all. After 
 Blanco's order was issued he wanted to come out on the night of July 2. but General 
 Linares said: "Wait till to-morrow morning. You will catch them at divine service 
 then." 
 
 The Spaniards say that no torpedo boats ever came out to attack Admiral Samp- 
 son's squadron. The Pluton and Furor, they say, kept guard every night inside the 
 harbor. 
 
 The Indiana was hit only twice. She fired no armor-piercing shells except from 
 the smokeless-powder six-pounders. The Oregon was hit three times, twice by frag- 
 ments of shells. The Iowa was struck nine times. 
 
 —Copyrighted by the Associated Press, July, 1898. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 14.— Spanish forces in Santiago and Eastern Cuba have sur- 
 rendered to the United States. 
 
 Seattle, July 20.— Five Yukon river vessels bound for St. Michael lost; passengers all saved. 
 
 Santiago de Cuba, July 20.— General Garcia angry and declines to serve longer under 
 Gsneral Shafter. 
 
 July 21.— Nine Spanish ships destroyed by Commander Todd, at Mandzanillo on July 18. 
 
 July 21.— Genei al Miles with 10.000 men left for Porto Rico. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 21.— Porto Rico will be held by the United States as a permanent 
 possession. 
 
 Santiago de Cuba, July 23.— Cubans send petition to Washington, asking that the flag of 
 America be raised over them. 
 
 Brussels, July 24.— Don Carlos, pretender to the Spanish throne, with wife and suite, left 
 the city ostensibly for Switzerland. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 24.— Emperor of Germany sends message of friendliness to Presi- 
 dent McKinley. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 25.— Sagasta reported to have asked Great Britain to propose 
 peace terms. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 25. -No Spanish tricks will be tolerated. Madrid must sue for 
 peace direct, and ask terms before hostilities cease. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 26.— The White Dove of Peace is spreading her pinions. "Thanks 
 be to God who giveth us the victory." 
 
 Madrid, July 27.- Spain objects to the landing of American troops in Porto Rieo, after she 
 has sued for peace. They are being landed all the same. 
 
 Halifax, N. S.— The decision of the Court of Inquiry exhonorates the officers of the Cro- 
 martyshire from all blame of La Bouvgogne disaster. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 28.— Spain must play square in her peace proposals. Ker peace 
 propositions must be sincere and to the point. 
 
 St. Thomas, D. W. I., July 28.— Battle at Guanica— twenty-three Spaniards killed and 
 wounded. 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 28.— The Cabinet agrees that Spain must relinquish all control 
 over Cuba and Porto Rico without conditions. 
 
 St. Paul, Minn , July 28. — On the occasion of the laying of the corner stone of the new 
 Capitol building yesterday. Senator Cushman K. Davis was the orator, and in com- 
 menting on it The London Daily Mail of July 29th says: "With the remarkable speech 
 of United States Senator Davis of St. Paul, two peoples have buried the past." 
 American and British friendship is assured. 
 
 Chicago. 111., July 29.— The greatest rain and hail storm ever known visited Chicago this 
 evening. ''Hail stuns" were two to three inches in diameter, and many of them 
 weighed a pound. 
 
 July 29.- Manila is ours. General Augusti has surrendered. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1898— Continued. 
 
 Manila Bay, Julj' 29. — General Merritt arrived at Manila on the 29th. 
 
 July 30. — Peace terms made known to Madrid, — Philippine Insurgents 
 defiant. 
 
 Friedrichsruhe, July 30. — Prince Bismarck died shortly before 11 o'clock 
 tonight. The end came peacefully. Born April i, 1815. 
 
 New York, July 30. — Mme Romeo, wife of Senor Romeo, Mexican 
 Minister to the United States, died at Atlantic City, on the 29th. 
 
 New York, July 30. — Mme. Romeo, wife of Senor Romeo, Mexican 
 Napolean's once magnificient home. It will be set up in New York. 
 
 Ponce, Porto Rico, July 31. — Volunteers surrender to Gen. Miles. 
 
 Madrid, July 31. — Gen. Augusti at Manila, says he will resist Americans. 
 
 Most Rev. John Walsh, Archbishop of Toronto, Canada, died on Sunday 
 night, July 31. 
 
 Berlin, Aug. i. — Kaiser Wilhelm ofters a royal tomb for the remains of 
 Prince Bismarck, — declined. 
 
 Paris, Aug. i. — Miss Jessie Schley was obliged to leave Madrid. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Aug. 2. — The United States demands the immediate 
 evacuation of Porto Rico and the concession of an island in the La- 
 drones; also will occupy and hold the city, bay and harbor of Ma- 
 nila pending the conclusion of a treaty of peace. 
 Upon the acceptance of these terms, commissioners will be named. 
 
 Madrid, Aug. 2. — Spain accepts the terms of the United States. 
 
 Playa del Este, Cuba, Aug. 2. — General Garcia reported to be in a heavy 
 fight with the Spaniards. 
 
 Victoria, B. C, Aug. 3. — Gold and drafts amounting to $3,000,000 came 
 from Klondyke, but thousands of luckless ones do not find work or 
 treasure. 
 
 Manila, Aug. 4. — The first land battle fought and America won, loss 13 
 killed and wounded, Spain's loss 350 killed and 900 wounded. 
 
 Madrid, Spain, Aug. 6. — Spain accepts the conditions imposed by the Uni- 
 ted States. The queen and public men assent. 
 
 Santiago, Aug. 7. — Rough Riders sail for home. 
 
 Copenhagen, Aug. 7. — Prince George of Greece made governor of Crete. 
 
 Ponce, Porto Rico, Aug. 7. — American troops closing in on san Juan. 
 The enemy fleeing. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Aug. 8. — Captain Sigsbee of the ill-fated Maine, placed 
 in command of the Texas. 
 
 Hong Kong, Aug. 9. — American and Spanish forces meet on the night 
 of July 31 at Manila, our loss 9 killed and 44 wounded. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Aug. 9. Spain tries to dodge the responsibility of 
 Cuba's debt. 
 
 Madrid, Spain, Aug. 11. — French Abassador Cambon authorized by Spain 
 to sign the protocol — an immediate ending of the war looked for. 
 
 Washington, D. C., Aug. 12. — Peace procotol signed at 4:23 P. M., by 
 Secretary of State Day for the United States and French Ambassa- 
 dor Cambon for Spain, and the Avar declared at an end. 
 
 Manila City, Aug. 13.— The hardest fighting at the Capture of Manila was 
 by the Astor Battery. They lost ten killed and wounded. 
 
 Manila, Aug. 14.— General Merritt takes full control. 
 
 New York, Aug. 14.— Colonel Roosevelt and his famous Rough Riders 
 arrive at Montauk Point. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Aug. 14.— Col. Hay succeeds William R. Day as Sec- 
 retary of State. 
 
 AVashington, D. C. Aug. 15.— Dewey bombards Manila.— City surrenders. 
 
 Honolulu, U. S. A., Aug. 16.— "Old Glorv" in Hawaii. Flae of the United 
 States replaces the emblem of the Pacific Islands at Honolulu. 
 
HISTORICAL EYENTS OF THE YEAR 1898-Coiitmued. 
 
 New York, Aug. 23.— The American Peace Commissioners appointed by 
 the President are as follows: — 
 William R. Day, Sec'y of State. 
 
 Cushman K. Davis, United States Senator from Minn. 
 William P. Frye, United States Senator from Maine. 
 Associate Justice E. D. White, of Louisiana. 
 General Benj. F. Tracy of New York. 
 
 St. Petersburg, Aug. 28. — The Czar urges all Europe to disarm, 
 
 Paris, Aug. 31. — Lieut. Col. Henry of the French Army and accuser of 
 Capt. Dreyfus, commits suicide in prison. 
 
 London, Sept. i. — General Kitchener encounters and defeats the Dervish- 
 es near Omdurman. 
 
 Amsterdam, Sept. 3. — Wilhelmina coronated. Joy throughout Holland. 
 
 Honolulu, Sept. 3. — ''The territory of Hawaii" is the name decided upon 
 by Senator Cullom's Commission. 
 
 Pekin^ Sept. 7. — L. Hung Chang is deposed, — dismissed because of his 
 intrigues with Russia. 
 
 Naples, Sept. 10. — Travellers from all parts of Europe are flocking to see 
 Vesuvius in eruption. 
 
 Geneva, Sept. 10. — The Empress of Austria was assassinated by an Anar- 
 chist about 2 o'clock to-day. 
 
 Narragansett Pier, Sept. 19. — Miss Minnie Davis, "daughter of the Con- 
 federacy" died yesterday, after a painful illness. 
 
 Fort Myer, Va., Sept. 18.— Captain Allyan Capron, one of the Artillery he- 
 roes of Santiago, died to day, from an attack of Typhoid fever. 
 He fired the first gun at El Caney. 
 
 Madrid, Sept. 21. — Admiral Cervera cheered and General Toral jeered — 
 Montojo of Manila susi)ended. 
 
 Paris, Sept. 26. — Captain Dreyfus granted a new trial. 
 
 Duxbury, Mass., Sept. 26. — Fanny Davenport, actress, died to-night at 
 10:30. 
 
 Saratoga, N. Y. Sept. 27. — Col. Theodore Roosevelt nominated for Gov- 
 ernor of New York by 753 to 218. 
 
 Paris, Oct. i. — The Peace Commission held its first session to-day. 
 
 Philadelphia, Oct. 3. — Senator Quay and his son arrested, charged with 
 the unlawful use of public money. 
 
 Newport News, Oct. 4. — Battleship Illinois is launched. 
 
 Walker Minn., Oct. 6. — Battle with Indians on Bear Island. 
 
 Canton, Ohio, Oct. 7.— George D. Saxton, brother of Mrs. Mckinley, was 
 killed by Mrs. Anna C. George. 
 
 San Juan, Porto Rico, Oct. 12.— The American flag will be raised here 
 on Oct. i8th. 
 
 London, Oct. 14. — Steamer Mohegan wrecked oflf the Cornish Coast and 
 200 lives are lost. 
 
 Alexandria, Egypt, Oct. 14.— Plan to assassinate Emperor William frus- 
 trated by the police. 
 
 Chicago, Oct. 18.— President McKinley an L. L. D. from date. The de- 
 gree was conferred by the University of Chicago. 
 
 Paris, Oct. 25.— The French Crisis is on,— the entire Cabinet resignes. 
 
 Paris, Oct. 25. — Spaniards finally accept America's refusal to reorganize 
 the Cuban debt. 
 
 Paris, Nov. 3.— "It is impossible for us either to accept or refuse the 
 conditions the United States impose."— Spanish Commissioners. 
 
 Paris, Nov. 5. — Harmony once more reigns, — disturbing factors relegated 
 to the background. 
 
 nLm^iim.^ 
 
HISTORICAL EVEISTS OF THE YEAR 1898— Continued. 
 
 Charleston, S. C. Nov. 5. — The late Spanish flagship Maria Teresa 
 swamped during a storm, 30 miles north of the Island of San Sal- 
 vador. 
 
 London, Nov. 6. — English troops are mobilizing. Extensive war plans. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Nov. 6. — The Supreme Court Chamber, the Con- 
 gressional law library containing 75,000 volumes destroyed by fire. 
 Money loss $1,000,000. 
 
 New York, Nov. 8. — Col. Roosevelt elected Governor of New York by a 
 large majority. 
 
 Chicago, Nov. 9. — Republicans win in Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan 
 and Nebraska. 
 
 Brick Church, N. J., Nov. 12. — Rev. Luke Hitchcock, D. D. of Chicago, 
 for twenty years head of the Methodist Book Concern, died at six 
 o'clock to-night. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Nov. 4. — "Commercial necessity has compelled ter- 
 ritorial expansion." Lyman J. Gage. 
 
 Chicago, Nov. 5. — "The free silver movement is practically dead." — 
 Richard Croker. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 8. — John W. Keely of motor fame died to-day. 
 
 London, Nov. 26. — Mme Dreyfus demonstrates the innocence of her 
 husband. She says: — "Men of honor do not betray their country. 
 My husband was a man of honor." 
 
 Madrid, Nov. 30. — Sagasta is alarmed — Carlist uprising imminent. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Nov, 30, — Congratulations come from all nations, 
 pleased by the ceding of the Phillipines to the United States. 
 
 Vienna, Dec. 2. — Franz Josef of Austria celebrates the fiftieth anniversary 
 of his reign. 
 
 Washington, D, C, Dec. 5. — Congress re-assembled to-day under circum- 
 stances of peculiar interest. The same Congress six months ago 
 declared war. Reading of the President's Message. 
 
 New York, Dec. 5. — Great fire in New York City — Sky scrapers suc- 
 cumb to the flames. 
 
 Baltimore, Md., Dec. 5. — Eight hundred houses are unroofed by ^ gale. 
 
 Paris, Dec. 10. — The treaty of peace was signed at 8:45 this evening. 
 
 The essential features of the peace treaty signed in Paris are as follows: 
 
 JFirst— The customary preface of treaties in the nature of an expression 
 of amity and of hope for perpetual peace. 
 
 Second— The relinquishment by Spain of her sovereignty over Cuba. 
 
 Third — The withdrawal of all Spanish troops. 
 
 Fourth — Relinquishment by Spain of sovereignty over Porto Rico. 
 
 Fifth — Spain's Cession of the Philippines. 
 
 Sixth — The withdrawal of the Spanish troops there. 
 
 Seventh— Payment by the United States of $20,000,000 for the Philip- 
 1)ines. 
 
 Fight— The provision for the "open door" commercial policy in the 
 Philippines. 
 
 Ninth — Cable station rights in other Spanish colonies. 
 
 Tenth — Release of Cuban and Philippine political prisoners. 
 
 Eleventh — Mutual abandoning of all claims for indemnity. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Dec. i. — General Calixto Garcia, distinguished Cu- 
 ban warrior, died at 10 a. m. to-day. 
 
 Washington, D. C, Dec. 12. — The Fourth regiment of regulars has been 
 ordered to proceed to Manila. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 3. — Gideon W. Marsh, wrecker of the Keystone 
 National Bank was sentenced to the penitentiary. 
 
 Berne, Switzerland, Dec. 15. — M. Mueller, has been elected to be presi- 
 dent of the Swiss Confederation. 
 
 Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 15.— President McKinley visits Atlanta. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1898— Contiuued. 
 
 New York, Dec. 15. — Colonel Calvin S. Brice died at his city home of 
 
 pneumonia. 
 Madrid, Dec. 15. — The Spanish Goverment has agreed to pay the Janu- 
 ary coupons on the Cuban debt. 
 Washington, D. C, Dec. 15. — Major General Brooke is appointed to the 
 
 Supreme Command in Cuba. 
 Tasmania, Dec. 19. — Capt. Borchgrevink's expedition has sailed for the 
 
 Antarctic regions. 
 Washington, D. C, Dec. 21. — Hon. Ethan Allen Hitchcock nominated 
 
 and confirmed as Secretary of the Interior vice Bliss resigned. 
 Havana, Dec. 24. — General Arolas, the Spanish military governor of Ha- 
 vana, delivered over his command to-day. 
 Washington, D. C, Dec. 24. — The American peace commisioners arrived 
 
 in Washington, and presented the President with the "Peace Treaty" 
 
 as a Christmas present. 
 Montreal, Canada, Dec. 25,, Penny postage goes into effect to-day 
 
 throughout England and her colonies. 
 New York, Dec. 2^. — Mrs. Isabel Mallon, writer, died to-day. Her nom 
 
 de plume was "Ruth Ashmere." 
 Chicago, Dec. 28. — Total eclipse of the moon in Chicago at 6 p. m. 
 Washington, D. C, Dec. 28.— Senator Justin S. Morrill, of Vermont died 
 
 to-day. 
 Washington, D. C, Dec. 28. — Iloilo, Chief city in the Visays group of 
 
 islands has been surrendered to the insurgents by the Spaniards. 
 London, Dec. 28. — The Anglo-French disputes over territorial possess- 
 
 sions in Africa have been opened up for diplomatic settlement. 
 Havana, Dec. 20. — The Cuban patriotic Committee, consisting of 150 
 
 leading Cubans, decided to yield without further reservation to the 
 
 wishes of Gen. Brooke and postpone the six days celebration. 
 Washington. D. C, Dec. 30.— Senor Romero, Ambassador of Mexico 
 
 died this morning at 4. a. m., aged 62 years. 
 London, Dec. 30.— Lord and Lady Curzon, nee Miss Leiter of Chicago, 
 
 are welcomed at Bombay with military and naval honors. 
 
Dives in hell and Lazamis 
 Abraham's hosorn. Which? 
 
 1899 
 
 JRum and Ruin are Cause and 
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 HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 
 
 The prowess of the American Navy has undergone a change since Sunday, May 
 1st. Admiral Dewey demonstrated then that we were at least second, 
 and on Sunday, July .3, Admiral Sampson, after sinking the pride of Spain, 
 Admiral Cevera's fleet, off the Santiago Harbor, placed us in the front 
 rank. 
 
 Mr. H. S. Washburn, of Worcester, Mass., was author of "The Vacant 
 Chair" and was written in memory of Lieut. Grout of the 15th Mass. In- 
 fantry. He lost his life at Balls Bluff, Oct. 21, 1861. 
 
 The largest flag in the world is " Old Glory," the one made expressly to wave 
 over Morro Castle, Havana, when Spain surrenders. It is 120x43^ feet. 
 Special bunting was made for it and is 42 inches wide. The Union is 40 
 feet in length and in width covers the space of seven stripes. The 
 stars, from point to point, measure 14 inches. A patriotic Wall street man 
 had the flag made. Weight 250 pounds ; Cost $300. Long may it wave. 
 
 (Continued on next page.) 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1899-Contiiiiied. 
 
 Havana, Jan. i, 1899. — Stars and Stripes raised in Cuba. 
 
 Manila, Jan. i. — News just received from Iloilo indicates that the city will 
 
 not be peaceably yielded by the insurgents. 
 Albany, N. Y., Jan. 2. — Rough Rider Roosevelt Governor of New York 
 
 inaugurated to-day. 
 Washington, Jan. 15. — Filipino argument by Agoncillo filed to-day. 
 Auckland, N. Z. Jan. 18. — War begins in Samoa. 
 Washington D. C, Jan. 19. — Gen. Eagan of U. S. Army placed under 
 
 arrest. 
 Washington, D. C, Jan. 2. — Regulars will be forwarded via San Francisco 
 
 and Suez as fast as transports can be secure, and light draft vessels 
 
 will be sent to re-enforce Admiral Dewey. 
 Washington, D. C., Jan. 23. — Government advised that Aguinaldo pub- 
 licly proclaimed the Republic of the Phillipines. 
 Washington, D. C., Jan. 27. — Court Martial decides that Gen. Eagan is 
 
 guilty. 
 Washington, D. C, Feb. 3. — Gen. Gomez comes to government terms. 
 
 Army to be disbanded. 
 Washington, D. C, Feb. 3. — The President orders an investigation of 
 
 Gen. Miles' conduct in the Eagan controversy, 
 Manlia, Feb. 5. — The rebels opened fire upon Manila. 
 Washington, D. C, Feb. 5. — Colonel James A. Sexton, Commander in 
 
 Chief Grand Army of the Republic, died this morning. 
 Washington, D. C, Feb. 5. — Agoncillo is a fugitive and on his way to 
 
 Canada. 
 Washington, D. C. Feb. 6. — The peace treaty passed, by a vote 57 to 27. 
 Manila, Feb. 6. — Filipinos lost up to date 2,000 dead, 3,500 wounded, 5,000 
 
 prisoners. 
 Manila, Feb. 9. — The advance on Iloilo has begun. 
 Manlia, Feb. 14. — Forces under Gen. INliller have captured Iloila 
 Paris, Feb. 16. — President Felix Faure died to-night of apoplexy. 
 Paris, Feb. 18. — Emile Loubet elected President to succeed Faure. 
 jNIadrid, Feb. 20. — Sagasta presented bill to the Cortes authorizing the 
 
 cession of the Phillipines to the United States for $20,000,000. 
 Manila, Feb. 23. — The rebels fired the city in many places last night. 
 Madrid, March 3. — Admiral Montojo is imprisoned pending trial for his 
 
 conduct at Manila. 
 Manila, March 15. — General Lloyd Wheaton attacked and defeated 2.0C0 
 
 Filipinos at Pasig, inflicting heavy loss. 
 New York, March 17. — The Windsor Hotel burned. Many lives lost 
 
 among whom were W^arren F. Leland's (the proprietor), wife and 
 
 daughter. 
 ]\Ianila, March 27. — Col. Henry C. Egbert of the 22nd. U. S., Infantry was 
 
 killed while leading his regiment on a charge. 
 IManila, March 29. — Gen. McArthur is now within eight miles of Malolas. 
 Chicago, Apr. 7. — Warren F. Leland was buried to-day. 
 New York Apr. 7. — The home of W^allace C. Andrews destroyed by fire, 
 
 13 persons burned including the Andrews family. 
 Washington, D. C, Apr. 12. — Massacre of Americans and British in 
 
 Samoa. 
 Chicago Apr. 17.— Prof. Hans Balatka died to-day. 
 Philadelphia, Apr. 21. — Senator Quay declared to be not guilty of the 
 
 charge of using, state funds unlawfully. 
 Elkhart, 111., April 24. — Ex-Governor Richard J. Oglesby died to-day. 
 Washington, D. C, May 2.— Anti Imperialist documents for the Phil- 
 lipines barred from the mails. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1899— Continued. 
 
 ? London, May i6.— The Earl of Strafford killed by a train. He was the 
 i husband of Mrs. Colgate of N. J. 
 
 The Hague, May 17.— The delegates to the Peace Conference met to- 
 day. 
 
 Topeka, Kan., May 18.— Ex U. S. Senator Peffer renounced Populism. 
 
 Manila, May 20.— Admiral Dewey's flagship Olympia sailed from port to- 
 day at 4. p. m. homeward bound. 
 
 Falmouth, May 21.— The great liner The Paris on the rocks. 
 
 Victoria, B. C., May 23. — Dawson City nearly destroyed by fire. 
 
 Manila, May 23. — The Aguinaldo Commisioners refuse terms offered by 
 American Commissioners. 
 
 Paris, May 26. — Rosa Bonheur, famous animal panter died about mid- 
 night. 
 
 Paris, June, i.— Col. Du Paty De Clam, alleged Dreyfus forger arrested. 
 
 Paris, June, 3. — The Court of Cassation gives Dreyfus a new trial. 
 
 Paris, June 4. — Royalists try to mob President Loubet. 
 
 Paris, June 7. — Augustin Daly died at 2 p. m. 
 
 Paris, June 10. — 150,000 Socialists assemble to uphold President Loubet. 
 
 New Richmond, Wis. June 13. — A cyclone nearly destroyed the town. 
 
 Manila, June 13.— Gen. Lawton and 3,000 men won a signal victory. 
 
 Paris, June 22. — New French Cabinet named. 
 
 New London, Conn., June 29. — Harvard won three victories over Yale. 
 
 Rennes, June 30. — Capt. Dreyfus arrived here to-day. 
 
 Saratoga, July 6. — Bishop John Philip Newman (M. E.) died. 
 
 New York, July 6. — Robert Bonner died. 
 
 London, July 11. — Steamer Paris is free. 
 
 Bar Harbor, Me. — Over 20 people killed by the collapse of a landing stage. 
 
 Ponce, Porto Rico, Aug. 10. — A hurricane swept over the island, spread- 
 ing ruin and desolation. Over 200 dead bodies recovered. Loss of 
 life in the West Indies estimated at 2,000. 
 
 Paris, Aug. 12. — Deroulede and other plotters against the government 
 arrested. Guerin barricades his house and defies the police. 
 
 Rennes, Aug. 14. — Matire Labori, counsel for Dreyfus, shot down in the 
 street. Not dangerously wounded. 
 
 Paris, Aug. 21. — Rioting in Paris. The interior of a church is demolished 
 by a mob. 
 
Conklin's Handy Manual 
 
 Of Useful Information 
 
 and Atlas of the World 
 
 ■VERYBODY OELIGHTEO WITH THIft 
 
 Wen»Packed Storehouse Of KnowledgeoflPracticalSubjects 
 
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Can You Keep a Secret? 
 
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 = BOOK =--- 
 
 Beauty and Health; 
 
 or, Secrets of the 
 
 l3 full Of secrets TOO GOOD TO KEEP— Secrets that should be 
 
 told to every woman and girl and to the men, too. 
 
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 Are. ' What Dress Indicates," "Influence of Attire," "Colors," "What 
 Blondes and Brunettes Should Wear," 'The Hair— How to Dress It," "The 
 Bath, and Its Relation to Beauty." "What Men Admire," "Why Some 
 Fail in Conversing," " How Conversational Power Can be Acquired," &c 
 
 THE CHAPTER HEADINGS 
 
 Ai\.. The Toilet." "Corsets," "The Complexion," "The Teeth." =Thb 
 Hands," "The Bath," "Physical Development," "How to Get Thin," 
 "Fascination." " The Art of Conversation," "How and What to Read." 
 "Perfumes, Sachet Powders, The Doctor, Etiquette, etc." 
 
 IN HER PREFACE THE AUTHOR SAYS: 
 
 It is our duty to be and appear as pleasing and agreeable as we can, end not only 
 
 to improvto natural srifts, but to C'lrrect whatever faults we may have acquired 
 
 The Science of the Toilet, by which the human form may be made beautiful, and the 
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