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 NORMAL OUTLINES 
 
 f 0F> 
 
 GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 TABLES OF GREAT MEN OF CENTURIES 
 
 HISTORICAL SAYINGS AND PSEUDONYMS 
 
 Questions and Answers 
 
 By A. L. RYMER 
 
 ■ CHARLESTON, W. VA. 
 THE TRIBUNE COMPANY 
 
THE LIBRARY 
 OF CONGRESS 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 ^29H 
 
 COPYRIGHTED 
 by 
 
 A, L RYMER. 
 
 898 
 
 ^> 
 
 Jt' 
 
 ■^'^;;0^ Of Cop 
 
 3l o-^ 
 
 o 
 
Preface. 
 
 The plan of these Outlines of General History has been 
 so adapted that they may be used with any text-books, and 
 much information mig-ht be obtained from them alone. 
 
 The author has felt the need of just such a work in the 
 school room, and these outlines are the result of his expe- 
 rience in teaching- the subject. 
 
 I do not claim orig-inality (and who does in history) in 
 anj^thing- except the arrang-ement, and I would be willing- 
 to credit all those who so desire with some shares of stock 
 in this feature. 
 
 In the tables, Great Men of. Centuries, Pseudonyms and 
 Sayings, and others, do not expect to find completeness; 
 but only a giude for more complete work. For elementary 
 work, they are probably full enough. 
 
 Especial attention is directed to the arrangement of the 
 questions and answers. Many "Quiz Books" are objection- 
 able because they do not train mind action, but depend 
 upon the memory altogether; and a question may be as dif- 
 
b OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 ferent in relation to the proceeding- one as a simoom is dif- 
 ferent from a monsoon. This objection is met (I hope) by 
 g-rouping- the questions under designated heading's, and 
 placing- them in chronological order. In this manner, one 
 question leads to another one, often on the same subject, 
 and we proceed from the "known to the related unknown, "^ 
 and by means of association review history systematically. 
 England is treated of more fully because of its histor- 
 ical nearness to us, and the United States is purposely 
 omitted, for the reason that every student of General His- 
 tory is supposed to be well versed in the history of his own 
 country. 
 
 A. L. R. 
 Buffalo, W. Va., May 3, 1897. 
 
Table of Co]vtei\ts< 
 
 Chapter I — Races 9 
 
 Chapter II — Divisions of Histor}^ , 10 
 
 Chapter III— Eg-ypt 11 
 
 Chapter IV — Babylonia-Assyria 13 
 
 Chapter V — Judea 15 
 
 Chapter VI — China and India 18 
 
 Chapter VII— Phoenicia 19 
 
 Chapter VIII— Medo-Persia 20 
 
 Chapter IX — Greece 24 
 
 Chapter X — Rome 32 
 
 Chapter XI— Mediaeval History 43 
 
 Chapter XII— Modern History 56 
 
 Chapter XIII — Chas. V. and Reformation 57 
 
 Chapter XIV— Rise of the Dutch Republic 58 
 
 Chapter XV— Wars of France 58 
 
 Chapter XVI- -England under the Tudors . . 59 
 
 Chapter XVII— The Thirty Years War 61 
 
 Chapter XVIII — Monarchy in France 62 
 
 Chapter XIX — Eng-land under the Stuarts 63 
 
O OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 Chapter XX— Peter the Great and Charles XII 65 
 
 Chapter XXI — Rise of Prussia 66 
 
 Chapter XXII — Eng-land under House of Hanover.... 67 
 
 Chapter XXIII — French Revolution and France 67 
 
 Chapter XXIV— Eng-land in the 19th Centur}^ 71 
 
 Chapter XXV— Other Modern Nations 72 
 
 Chapter XXVI— Great Men of Centuries 31-40-52 
 
 Chapter XXVII — Pseudonyms and Saying's 84 
 
 Chapter XXVIII— Creasy 's Decisive Battles 90 
 
 ilppeixdlx. 
 
 Chapter XXIX — Questions on Ancient History 91 
 
 Chapter XXX — Questions on Mediaeval History 94 
 
 Chapter XXXI — Questions on Modern History 96 
 
 Chapter XXXII — Answers to Questions on Ancient His- 
 tory 1 00 
 
 Chapter XXXIII — Answers to Questions on Mediaeval 
 
 History 108 
 
 Chapter XXXIV — Answers to Questions on Modern 
 
 History 115 
 
Outliives of General I^istory. 
 
 CKapter I* — Races of THaRkiRd. 
 
 I. Black Race. 
 
 II. Yellow Race, -j 
 
 III. 
 
 White 
 Race. 
 
 Negroes. 
 Australians. 
 1. Chinese. 
 3. Burmese. 
 
 3. Tartars. 
 
 4. Mong-ols. 
 
 5. Turks. 
 1. 
 
 9_ 
 
 --> 
 ^. 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 6. 
 
 7. 
 
 .. Semitic 
 Family. 
 
 (Descendants 
 
 of Shem). 
 
 f 6, Huns. 
 I 7. Finns. 
 { 8. Esquimaux. 
 
 9. Malays, t 
 [10. Indians. (Amer.)t 
 Chaldeans. * 
 Assyrians. 
 Babylonians. 
 Canaanites (chiefly). 
 Phoenicians. 
 Hebrews. 
 Arabs. 
 
 2. Hamitic f 
 
 Family. I 
 
 (Descendants ] 
 
 of Ham.) I 
 
 1. 
 
 Aryan 
 
 Family. 
 
 t Classed as a separate race by some authors. 
 * Partly Semitic. 
 
 1. Eg-yptians. 
 
 2. Libyans. 
 
 3. Cushites. 
 
 Indo- ( 1. 
 
 Irani c ■< 2. 
 Branch. ( 3. 
 Graco- ( -. 
 
 Italic < ry' 
 
 Branch. ( ~" 
 
 t Also known as Indian or Red Race. 
 
 Hindoos. 
 
 Medes. 
 
 Persians. 
 
 Greeks. 
 Romans. 
 
10 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 III. White 
 Race. — - 
 Cont'd. 
 
 (Descendants 
 of Japheth.) 
 
 Celtic 
 Branch. 
 
 Teutonic 
 Branch. 
 
 Slavonic 
 Branch. 
 
 fl. Plots. 
 
 J 2. Scotts. 
 
 I 3. Britons. 
 
 [4. Gauls._ 
 
 1. Scandi- 
 
 navians. 
 
 2. Germans. 
 
 1. Russians. 
 
 2. Poles. 
 
 CKapter IL — Dfvtstoiis of H^stor/. 
 
 1. Date — From the Earliest times to 476 A. D. 
 
 I. Ancient J 
 History 
 
 2. Countries. 
 
 1. Eg-ypt. 
 
 2. Babylonia-Assyria. 
 
 3. Judea. 
 
 4. China and India. 
 
 5. Phoenicia. 
 
 6. Medo-Persia. 
 
 7. Greece. 
 
 8. Rome. 
 
 II. Medie- 
 val 
 History. 
 
 1. Dark Aeres 
 
 1. Date. 
 
 1 
 
 [2. Dawn. 
 
 2. Topics. 
 
 D. 
 D. 
 D. 
 D. 
 
 From 476 A. 
 to 1100 A. 
 From 1100 A. 
 i to 1500 A. 
 
 The Teutons. 
 Byzanitum. 
 Mohammedanism. 
 Charlemag"ne. 
 The Crusaders. 
 The 100 Years War. 
 War of the Roses. 
 Rise of Mod'n Nations. 
 Great Men. 
 
III. Mod- 
 ern 
 History. 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 11 
 
 1. Date— From 1500 to the Present Time. 
 
 1. The 16th Century. 
 
 2. The 17th Century. 
 
 2. Important 
 Events of ^ 3. The 18th Century. 
 
 5. The 19th Century. 
 
 5. Great Men. 
 
 CKapter IIL— E$/pt. 
 
 I. Geographical Divisions. 
 
 1. Upper Eg-ypt. 
 
 2. Middle Eg-ypt. 
 
 3. Lower Eg"ypt. 
 
 II. Location and Size. 
 
 1. The Old 
 Empire 
 
 III. Politi- 
 cal 
 History. 
 
 1. On the Nile in Eastern 
 
 Africa. 
 
 2. It is as larg-e as Georg-ia. 
 
 1. Pyramids built at Gizeh in 
 4th Dynasty. 
 
 2. Org-anization of Military Ser- 
 vice. 
 
 3700B. C. '3. Memphis Supplanted by 
 to 1900 B. Thebes in the 11th Dynasty. 
 
 C. 4. War with Ethiopians. 
 
 5. Conquered by the Hyksos. 
 
 2. The Mid- 11. Rule of the "Shepherd 
 die Em- | King-s". 
 
 pire 1900 -j 
 
 B. C. to I 2. Thotmes III. drives off the 
 1525B. C. [ Hyksos and becomes King-. 
 
12 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 IV. Noted 
 
 Men. 
 
 V. Civiliza- 
 tion. 
 
 3. The New f 1. Her Great Glory. 
 ^^^S-r, p "j 2. Conquered by Persia. 
 to525B.C. [3. Its Decline. 
 
 1. Rulers. 
 
 2. Joseph. 
 
 1. Amosis. 
 
 2. Khufu. 
 
 3. Rameses II. 
 
 4. Thotmes III. 
 
 5. Menepthah. 
 
 6. Necho. 
 
 1. Classes of People. 
 
 1. Priests. 
 
 2. Soldiers. 
 
 3. Lower Classes. 
 
 2. They had reverence for their king^s. 
 
 3. Noted on account of-! 
 
 4. The People 
 
 were 
 
 Their 
 Literature 
 
 6. Relig-ion. 
 
 1. Pyramids. 
 
 2. Obelisks. 
 
 3. Sphinxes. 
 
 4. Statues. 
 
 5. Hierog-lyphics. 
 
 6. Mummies. 
 Weavers. 
 Dyers. 
 
 Miners of Precious Ores. 
 Manufacturers of Glass. 
 Potters. 
 
 Mathematicians. 
 Astronomers. 
 
 f 1. Was chiefly Religious. 
 J 2. Written on Papyrus Scrolls. 
 1 3. Phatokep's "Book oi the 
 [ Dead"^ — chief work. 
 
 1. Belief in an In- 
 visible God. 
 
 Consist- 
 ed of 
 
 2. Triads 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 13 
 
 
 r 
 
 1. Con- 
 
 like- 
 
 1. Osiris- 
 
 husband. 
 
 2. Isis -wife. 
 
 3. Horus— 
 
 son. 
 
 V. Civiliza- 
 
 
 sisted 
 
 3. Planets. 
 
 tion. — 
 
 6. Relig-ion. - 
 
 of ' 
 
 f 1. Cats. 
 
 Continued. 
 
 
 
 4. Wor- 2. Goats. 
 
 
 
 
 ship of^ 
 
 3. Bulls. 
 
 
 
 
 Ani- 
 
 4. Sheep 
 
 
 
 
 mals. 
 
 5. Croc- 
 
 
 
 
 
 odiles. 
 
 
 
 2. Character — Superstitious 
 
 
 
 in the extreme. 
 
 
 7. Education — priestly. 
 
 
 
 
 CKapter lY. — (2) T^ab/IoTvia-^ss/rta. 
 
 I. Geographical 
 Divisions. 
 
 II. Location and 
 Size. 
 
 ^ 
 
 III 
 
 Politi- 
 cal 
 History. 
 
 1. Chaldea. 
 
 2. Shinar. 
 
 3. Mesopotamia. 
 
 4. Bab 3^ Ionia. 
 
 5. Assyria. 
 
 6. Armenia. 
 
 1. In South-western Asia. 
 
 2. Extent — From the Mediterranean 
 Sea to the Caspian and from the 
 Taurus Mountains to Eg-ypt and 
 the Persian Gulf. 
 
 About live times as larg-e as Texas. 
 
 1. Nimrod founds 
 Babylon. 
 
 2. Sarg-on I. 
 
 3. Uruch, King- of Ur. 
 
 4. Rise of Assyria. 
 
 1. Chaldean Su- 
 premacy (4000 
 
 C. to 1250 B. 
 
14 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 III. Polit- 
 ical 
 
 History. — 
 Cont'd. 
 
 2. Assyri- 
 an Supre- 
 macy, J 
 (1250 B.C 
 to 625 B 
 C.) 
 
 
 1. Tig-lathinin. 
 
 ' 
 
 2. Tig-lath-Pileser I 
 
 
 3. Sardanapalus II. 
 
 1. Import- 
 
 4. Shalamanezer II. 
 
 ant ^ 
 
 5. Tig-lath- 
 
 King-s. 
 
 Pileser II. 
 
 
 6. Sennecharib. 
 
 
 7. Esarhaddon. 
 
 
 8. Necho. 
 
 2. Fall of Nineveh— 625 B. C. 
 
 5. Babylo- 
 nian Su- 
 premacy, J 
 (625 B. C. ] 
 to 538 B 
 C.) 
 
 IV. CiviLi- ( 1. Were 
 ZATiON. -< noted 
 
 I because 
 
 1. These 
 people 
 were 
 noted be- 
 cause 
 they 
 
 1. Its 
 
 King's. 
 
 1. Nabopolassar. 
 
 2. Nebuchednezzar. 
 
 3. Nabonadius. 
 
 4. Belshazzar. 
 
 2. Babylon Conquered by Per- 
 sians 538 B. C. 
 
 1. Studied the Heavenly Bod's 
 
 2. Divided the year into days 
 and hours. 
 
 3. Named the Stars. 
 
 4. Described the Zodiac. 
 
 5. Observed Eclipses. 
 
 6. Built canals, aqueducts and 
 Palaces. 
 
 ] 7. Erected Aquariums and 
 I Hang-ing- Gardens. 
 
 8. Made Gold, Silver and 
 Bronze Vases. 
 
 9. Made Woven Stuffs. 
 
 10. Used Transparent and 
 
 Painted Glass. 
 
 11. Buried their dead in Honey 
 and Clay Jars. 
 
 12. Married their Daughters at 
 Auction. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 15 
 
 IV. Civili- 
 zation. — 
 Continued. 
 
 Their 
 Litera- 
 ture. 
 
 Was written in Cuneiform 
 characters on pillow-shap- 
 ed Tablets and Cylinders. 
 I 1. Law. 
 
 And they 
 had a Li- 
 brary of 
 Clay 
 Books on 
 
 3. Re- 
 ligion 
 
 Con- 
 sisted 
 of 
 Char- 
 acter 
 Idola- 
 trous. 
 
 4. 
 5. 
 6. 
 7. 
 [8. 
 II or Ra, 
 \ 1 
 
 2. First 
 Triads. 
 
 3. 
 
 Other ! 
 Triad J 
 as 
 
 Histor}'-. 
 Mathematics. 
 Botan}'. 
 Astronomy. 
 Zoolog"}'. 
 Astrolog-y. 
 Relig-ion. 
 —Chief God. 
 , Ana^Chao- 
 tic Spirit. 
 
 2. Bel— Hun- 
 ter. 
 
 3. Hoa — Lord 
 of the Abyss 
 
 1. Sin — Moon 
 God. 
 
 2. San — Sun 
 God. 
 
 3. Vul— Air 
 God. 
 
 4. Planeta- ( 1. Saturn 
 
 ry Defies 
 as 
 
 :i 
 
 2. J,upiter. 
 
 3. Mars, etc. 
 
 CKapter V. — (J) Judea, 
 
 Tribal Divis- 
 ions. 
 
 ,5. 
 
 I ^- 
 16. 
 
 Simon. 
 
 Jadah. 
 
 Dan. 
 
 Benjamin. 
 
 Manasseh. 
 
 Gad. 
 
 7. 
 
 Reuben. 
 
 8. 
 
 Asher. 
 
 9. 
 
 Zebulun. 
 
 10. 
 
 Naphtali 
 
 11. 
 
 Levi. 
 
 12. 
 
 Joseph. 
 
16 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 II. Location and 
 
 Size. 
 
 f 1. Situate on East of the Red Sea, 
 J South of the Mediterranean Sea. 
 
 1 2. About one-third as larg-e as West 
 [ Virg-inia. 
 
 III. Politi- 
 cal 
 History. 
 
 L. Patri- 
 archal 
 Ag-e. 
 (2000 B. C. i 
 to 1491 B. 
 C.) 
 
 2. Ag-e of 
 the Judg-es 
 (1491 B. C. 
 to 1095 
 
 C.) 
 
 B. 
 
 Great 
 Men. 
 
 11- 
 I 2. 
 
 is! 
 
 14. 
 
 Abraham. 
 Isaac. 
 Jacob. 
 Moses. 
 
 2. The Bondage in Egypt. 
 
 3. The Exodus 1491 B. C. 
 
 1. Military j 1. Moses. 
 
 Chiefs. 1 2. Joshua. 
 
 2. Judg-es. 
 
 . The 
 
 
 Mon- 
 
 1. Its 
 
 archy. 
 
 Kings - 
 
 (1095 - 
 
 
 B. C. 
 
 
 to 975 
 
 
 B. C.) 
 
 
 
 2. Diyis 
 
 Conquest 
 
 of 
 Palestine. 
 
 . Saul, 
 40 yrs. 
 
 .Dayid, 
 40 yrs. 
 
 . Solo- 
 mon, 
 40 yrs. 
 
 Othniel. 
 Ehud. 
 Shagmar. 
 Deborah and 
 Balak. 
 Gideon. 
 Abimelech. 
 Tolah. 
 Jair. 
 Jepthah. 
 Ibzan. 
 Elon. 
 Abdon. 
 Eli. 
 
 Samson. 
 Samuel. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 17 
 
 III 
 
 . Politi- 
 cal 
 History. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 Monarchy 
 Divided. 
 
 1. Israel 
 (the 10 
 tribes). 
 (975 B. 
 C.to722 
 B. C. 
 
 2. Judah, 
 
 Tribes of 
 
 Judah and 
 
 Benjamin. 
 
 (975 B. C. 
 
 to 
 586 B. C. 
 
 Jeroboam as 
 
 King-. 
 
 Capital — Sa- 
 maria. 
 
 Their Captivity. 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 Hospitality of 
 
 Cj^rus. 
 
 Rehoboam as King-. 
 Capital — Jerusalem. 
 Zedekiah — last King-. 
 Captivity. 
 Summarv. 
 
 IV. Civili- 
 zation. 
 
 1. Noted because 
 tbev 
 
 2. Litera- 
 ture. 
 
 3. Education. 
 
 1. Were Farmers. 
 
 2. Gave us Christian and 
 
 Jewish Relig-ions. 
 ■< 3. Usedthe Mosaic Laws. 
 
 4. Compelled every boy to 
 
 learn a trade. 
 
 5. Had the first Republic. 
 
 1. Bible. 
 
 2. The Talmud. 
 
 1. Philo. 
 
 2. Josephus. 
 
 1. Compulsory. 
 
 2. Theocratic. 
 
 1. Books 
 
 2. Writ- 
 inofs of 
 
18 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 CKapter YL — (4) CKtiva and IivdTa. 
 
 Location and 
 
 Size. 
 
 China is in Eastern and Middle 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Her territory is about one-half as 
 
 larg-e as all the United States. 
 
 India is South and West of China 
 
 and same size. 
 
 II. Politi- 
 cal 
 History. 
 
 ' 1. Isolated from other coun- 
 1. General , tries. 
 
 Nature. , 2. Little known until about 
 500 B. C. 
 
 1. Earliest date of Turanians 
 in China, 3000 B. C. 
 
 2. India's History beg-ins about 
 1500 B. C. 
 
 3. Migration of Aryans. 
 
 4. Ag"e of Confucius in China, 
 551 to 478 B. C. 
 
 -j 5. Buddha in India, 500 B. C. 
 
 6. Alexander's Invasion of In- 
 dia, 327 B. C. 
 
 7. Ag-e of Mencius, 300 B. C. 
 9. Chewang-te Emperor of Chi- 
 na, 246 B. C. to 210 B. C. 
 
 9. Building- of the Great Wall, 
 215 B. C. to 204 B. C. 
 
 2. Chronol- 
 
 III. Civili- 
 zation. 
 
 India had commercial relations with Ital- 
 ian cities and Greece and Rome. 
 
 Chinese policy was, no intercourse* 
 
 They reverenced their ancestors. 
 
 Made memory a test of education. 
 
 Taug-ht the 9 Classics in China and Castes 
 in India. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENKRAL HISTORY 
 
 19 
 
 III. Civili- 
 zation. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 Reli- I 1. 
 ofion. 
 
 Kinds. 
 
 I 2. Books. 
 
 2. In 
 China. 
 
 1. Confuci- 
 anism. 
 
 2. Taoism. 
 2. In India — 
 
 j Brahmanism. 
 
 [ 3. In both — Buddhism. 
 
 ( 1. Vedas or Hymns. 
 
 ) 2. Books of Confucius. 
 
 CKapter VIL — (5) FKoeivfcfa. 
 
 I. Loca- 
 tion AND 
 Size. 
 
 II. Politi- 
 cal His- 
 tory. 
 
 Important 
 Colonies. 
 
 1. Sidonian 
 
 Supremacy. 
 (1550B. C. to 
 1100 B. C.) 
 
 2. Tyrian 
 Supremacy. 
 
 (IIOUB. C. to 
 850 B.C.) 
 
 4. The Is- 
 lands of 
 
 1. 
 
 9 
 
 Situate, midway between the East & West 
 Area, about 2200 square miles. 
 
 1. Cadiz, in Spain. 
 
 2. Utica ) 
 and >■ in Africa. 
 
 3. Carthage. ) 
 
 1. Cyprus. 
 
 2. Sicily. 
 
 3. Sardinia. 
 Sidon founded, 1550 B. C. 
 It becomes the Capital. 
 
 3. Tyre founded about 1150 
 B. C. 
 
 4. Rise of Tyre, 1100 B. C. 
 L. Hiram builds Temples 
 
 1025 B. C. 
 >. Carthag-e founded 880 B. C. 
 5. Its capture by the Assyri- 
 ans 850 B. C. 
 Under Assyrians. 
 Nebuchednezzar takes Tyre, 
 
 585 B. C. 
 Alexander takes Tyre, 332 
 
 B. C. 
 Roman conquest. 
 
 3. Foreig-n 
 Supre- 
 macy. 
 
20 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 III. Civili- 
 zation. 
 
 Noted 
 
 because 
 
 they 
 
 on 
 
 2. Reli- 
 Sfion 
 
 Gave us the alphabet. 
 
 Observed effect of Moon 
 Tides. 
 
 Were Commercial Traders. 
 
 Good Carpenters and Eng-ra- 
 vers. 
 
 Excellent farm's and miners. 
 
 Worked ( 1. Ivory. 3. Metal. 
 in 'i 2. Pottery. 4. Glass 
 
 Used Perfumes and Orna- 
 mentals. 
 Similar to the Assyrians. 
 
 T-, ( 1. Thev sacrificed human 
 Ex- ) , • 
 
 , -< being-s. 
 
 ^^P ( 2. And worshiped the 
 Character^ Cod'^ --^ ^ ^' -^^^^• 
 
 Idolatrous ( 
 
 of 
 
 ] 2. Moloch. 
 
 Chapter VIIL— (6>Tnedo-FersTa. 
 
 I. Loca- 
 tion AND 
 Size. 
 
 II. Important 
 Colonial Divis 
 
 IONS. 
 
 III. Politi- 
 cal His- 
 tory. 
 
 East of Babylonia. 
 
 Extent, from the Caspian Sea and Parthia 
 and from the Persian Gulf to the Cauca- 
 sus Mts. 
 
 About six times as larg-eas Texas at first, 
 but afterwards became larg-er. 
 f 1. Eg-ypt. f 5. Thrace. 
 
 2. Babylonia. j 6. Macedonia. 
 
 3. Assyria. { 7. Part of Scythia. 
 
 4. Lydia. [ 8. Ionian Cities. 
 1. Earl}^ History. 
 
 f 1. Cyaxares, 625 
 
 1. Median 
 Supremacy 
 ] (625 B. C. to 
 558 B. C. 
 
 B. C. to 585 B. 
 C. 
 2. Kinsfs. 1 2. Astvag-es, 585 
 B. C. to 585 
 B. C. 
 Rise of Persia. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 21 
 
 III 
 
 Po- 
 litical 
 History 
 — Con't. 
 
 III. Po- 
 litical 
 History 
 — Con't. 
 
 2. Persian 
 
 Supremacy 
 (558 B. C. to 
 330 B. C. 
 
 1. Cyrus 
 (558 B. C. 
 to 529 B. 
 
 C.) 
 
 Camby- 
 
 ses, (529 
 to 522 B. 
 
 C.) 
 
 Darius 
 I.(521B. 
 C. to 486 
 
 B. C.) 
 
 Oyerthrow 
 
 Astj^ag-es, 
 Defeats 
 
 Croesus 
 Captures 
 
 Babylon 
 His Death. 
 Conquers 
 
 Eg-ypt 
 The Libyan 
 
 Expedition 
 
 The Smerdis 
 
 Affair 
 
 1 
 
 Cap 
 
 itals 
 
 Susa. 
 Perse- 
 polis. 
 
 Grecian Wars. 
 His Work. 
 
 2. Persi- 
 an Supre- 
 macy (558 
 B. C. to 
 330 B. C. 
 
 4. Xerxes 
 I. (486 B. 
 C. to 465 
 B. C.) 
 
 5. Artax- 
 erxes I. 
 (465 B. C. 
 to 425 B. 
 
 , C.) 
 
 3. For- 
 
 eig"n Su- 
 premacy. 
 
 . Other 
 ( King's. 
 < 1. Greece. 
 ( 2. Rome. 
 
 1. Crushes Eastern 
 
 Revolt. 
 - '^ Second War with 
 
 Greece. 
 His Work. 
 
 Decline of the Em- 
 pire. 
 The 10,000 Greeks. 
 
 Pseudo-Smerdis, 
 522 B. C. 
 
 2. Xerxes II. 425 B. C. 
 -I 3. Sog-dianus 424 B. C. 
 
 4. Darius II. 424 B. C. 
 
 5. Artaxerxes II. 405 B. 
 
 C. 
 
 2. 
 'l. 
 
22 
 
 OUTLINBS OF GKNERAL HISTORY 
 
 6. Other Kinafs. 
 
 6. Artaxerxes III. 359 
 
 B. C. 
 
 7. Arses, 338 B. C. 
 
 Da- 
 rius 
 III. 
 336 
 B.C. 
 to 
 330 
 B.C. 
 
 Alexander's 
 Invasion. 
 1. Gra- 
 nicus 
 2.1s- 
 sus. 
 3. Ar- 
 bela. 
 
 2. Bat 
 ties. 
 
 IV. Civili- 
 zation. 
 
 1. Noted 
 because 
 they 
 
 2. The 
 
 Kingfs. 
 
 Ate but one meal each day. 
 Drank wine instead of water. 
 Wrote from left to rig-ht. 
 Wrote on rocks and prepared 
 
 skins. 
 Wore massive g-old collars, 
 
 etc. 
 Plated their tables with gold 
 
 and silver. 
 Depended upon numbers in 
 
 fiSfht. 
 
 8. 
 
 9. 
 
 Emulated the 
 Virtues. 
 
 Kept the wo-- 
 men in seclu- 
 sion. 
 
 1. Riding-. 
 
 2. Drawing 
 the Bow. 
 
 3. Truth. 
 
 1. Had 15,000 servants and 
 
 more. 
 
 2. A g-org-eous court. 
 
 3. Had Spies, called "King-'s 
 
 Eyes" and "King-'s Ears." 
 
 4. Got drunk once each year 
 
 for public exhibition. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 23 
 
 3. 
 
 The 
 
 Soldiers. 
 
 1. Infantry. 
 
 2. Cavalry. 
 
 r 1. Used bow and 
 arrows, swords, 
 battle axes and 
 sling-s. 
 2. Wore leather 
 tunic and trous- 
 ers, low boots 
 and felt cap. 
 
 1. Used leather 
 thong's and jav- 
 elins. 
 
 2. Wore metal 
 coats of mail. 
 
 Their Architecture was placed on Palaces 
 and Tombs. 
 
 5. Literature. 
 
 6. Education. 
 
 IV. Civili- 
 zation. -1 
 Continued. 
 
 7. Reli- 
 Sfion. 
 
 i 1. Nature. 
 
 ] 2. Book-Zend-Avesta. 
 
 State. 
 
 Dependence on colonies 
 for manufactures. 
 
 1. Founded by 
 
 Zoroaster. 
 
 2. Nature, a dualism ob- 
 
 served. 
 
 1. Zoro 
 astrian- ^ 
 ism. 
 
 Prin' 
 cipal 
 Gods. ^ 
 
 1. Ormazd — 
 God, Good or 
 
 Lig-htness. 
 
 2. Ahriman — 
 God of Evil 
 or Darkness. 
 
 Worshiped both these 
 Gods. 
 
24 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 IV. Civili- 
 zation. 
 Continued. 
 
 2. Mag-- 
 ianism. 
 
 1. Fire. 
 
 2. Air. J All 
 
 3. Earth. 1 Worshiped. 
 [ 4. Water [ 
 
 I. Geo- 
 graphical 
 Divisions. 
 
 CKapter IX.- 
 
 3. 
 
 North- 
 ern 
 Greece. 
 
 Central 
 Greece. 
 
 Southern 
 Greece, 
 (or Pele- 
 ponnes- 
 
 us). 
 
 -(7) Greece. 
 
 Districts. 
 
 ( 1. Thessaly. 
 ] 2. Epirus. 
 
 1. Olympus. 
 
 2. Ossa and 
 Pelion, (a) 
 
 3. Cambrarian 
 Rang-e. 
 
 Oracle of Zeus, (a) 
 
 f 1. Phocis. 
 
 Moun- 
 tains 
 
 2. Boetia. 
 
 3. Attica and 
 eight others. 
 
 1. Parnassus, 
 (b) 
 
 2. Helicon. 
 3; Hymettes. 
 
 4. Pentelicus. 
 
 5. Pindus 
 Rang-e. 
 
 Delphian Oracle (b) 
 
 1. Accaia. 
 
 1. Districts. 
 
 Moun- 
 tains 
 
 I 2. Arg-olis. 
 1. Districts. J 3. Accadia. 
 I 4. Messenia. 
 5. Lacadaemon, 
 and 6 others. 
 Very Mountainous. 
 II. Location and SiZE-Directly East of N. Y. and same size 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 25 
 
 III. Principal 
 
 Islands. ' 
 
 IV. Po- 
 litical - 
 History 
 
 r 1- 
 
 2. 
 ■-> 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 6. 
 
 7. 
 
 8. 
 
 9. 
 10. 
 11. 
 12. 
 
 (1500 B. 
 C. to 776 J 
 B. C.) 
 1. Heroic 
 Aofe. 
 
 2. Forma- 
 tive Pe- 
 riod (776 
 B. C. to 
 500B.C.) 
 
 Delos. 
 
 Cyclades. 
 
 Ionian Islands. 
 
 Euboa. 
 
 Corcyra. 
 
 Ithaca, (Ulyses born here.) 
 
 Cythera, (Venus sprang- up here.) 
 
 Crete, (Minos, lawyer.) 
 
 Lesbos. 
 
 Sam OS. 
 
 Rhodes. 
 
 Troy. 
 
 1. Arg-onautic Expedition— (Golden 
 
 Fleece.) 
 
 2. The Trojan War. 
 
 3. The Dorian Migration (1104 B. C.) 
 
 4. Homer's Poems -j i' Ji'^^"^* 
 ( 2. Udyssey. 
 
 The Amphyctonic Council. 
 
 The Olympic Era. 
 
 Thirty Tyrants. 
 
 Spartan Conquests in the South. 
 
 Eg-ypt open to Commerce. 
 
 I 1. Draco. 
 
 3. Persi- 
 an Wars 
 
 (500 B. C. 
 to 479 B ^ 
 
 C.) 
 
 Growth of 
 
 Athenian 
 
 Constitution. 
 
 J 
 
 2. Solon. 
 
 3. Pisistratus. 
 ^4. Clisthenes. 
 
 6. Growth of Spartan Constitution 
 under the laws of Lycurg-us. 
 
 1. Marathon. 
 
 2. Miltiades. 
 , 3. Result. 
 
 Preparation of Xerxes — 490 B. C. 
 and on. 
 
 Darius in- 
 vades Greece. 
 
 ( 1. Thermopylae. 
 Second War^ 2. " ' 
 
 I 3. 
 
 Salamis. 
 Platea. 
 
26 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 IV. Po- 
 litical 
 Histo- 
 ry. — 
 Con't. 
 
 Athenian Leadership— 479 B. C. to 431 B. C. 
 
 ( 1. Ag-e of Pericles. 
 ] 2. Athenian Walls. 
 
 Peloponnesian 
 War (431 B. 
 C. to 404 B. 
 
 C.) 
 
 Spartan- 
 Theban 
 Suprema- 
 cy (404 B. 
 C. to 368 
 B. C.) 
 
 1. Persia helps Sparta. 
 
 2. Syracuse (413 B. C.) 
 
 ) 3. Aeg-ospotami (405 B. C.) 
 14. The Result. 
 
 Persian Influeace chang^es. 
 Peace of Antalcidas 387 B. C. 
 Cnidus. 
 
 Leuctra 371 B. C. 
 Thebes in Power. 
 
 7. Mace- 
 donian 
 Suprema- 
 cy (358 
 B. C. to 
 301 B.C.) 
 
 f 1. In Illyrica. 
 . Philip, s J 2. Aeg-ean Sea. 
 
 Con- ] 3. Part in Sacred War. 
 quests. [ 4. Result. 
 . The "Philippics" (346 to 340 B. C.) 
 . War ag"ainst Locrians, (340 B. C.) 
 . Cheronea, [338 B. C] [ander. 
 
 . Cong-ress at Corinth chooses Alex- 
 
 1. Granicus, [333 B. C] 
 
 2. Captures Lydia. 
 
 3. Takes Ephesus. 
 
 4. Issus, [332 B. C] 
 ["1. Damascus. 
 
 His 
 
 Con- 
 quests. 
 
 7. The 
 Result. 
 
 5. Takes J, 
 
 2. Sidon. 
 
 . Battle 
 of Ipsus 
 (301 B. 
 C.) 
 
 . 3. Tyre. 
 
 [4. Eg-ypt. 
 Founds Alexandria. 
 
 j 1. Alexandria. 
 2. Babylon. 
 Arbella, (331 B. C] 
 Goes to India. 
 
 7. Takes 
 
 8. 
 9. 
 
 10. Marriaare and Death. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 27 
 
 IV. Po- 
 litical j 
 History ' 
 — Con't. 
 
 . Divi- 
 sion of 
 Alexan- 
 der's 
 King- 
 dom 
 Among 
 his Gen- 
 erals, 
 [323 B. 
 C. to 
 30B.C.] 
 
 1. Ptolem-v^ 
 
 2. Cas- 
 sander 
 
 3. Lysi- 
 machus. 
 
 Sele- 
 ucus. 
 
 I' 1. Egypt. 
 
 I 2. Ruled bv the family 
 
 '1 until 30 B. C. 
 
 L 3. Con quered by Rome. 
 
 1. Macedonia. 
 
 2. Greece. [B. C] 
 
 ( 1. LamnianWar, [321 
 ■I 2. Antipater. 
 ( 3. Gauls, 279 B. C. 
 
 3. Taken by Rome [146 
 
 B. C] 
 .1. Thrace and Asia Minor. 
 2. Taken bvSeleucus, [281 
 
 B. C.]^ 
 .. The East. 
 !. India and S^a'ia. 
 ;. Magnesia, [190 B. C] 
 •. Con. by Rome, [63 B. C] 
 
 V. Civili- 
 zation. 
 
 1. Ate at a Public Mess. 
 
 2. Were^ 
 
 1. Noted 
 because- 
 they 
 
 3. Had. 
 
 Philosophers. 
 
 Scientists. 
 
 Orators. 
 
 Authors. 
 
 Inventors. 
 
 Discoverers. 
 
 Architects. 
 
 Warriors. 
 
 f 1. Festivals. 
 
 2. Olympic Games. 
 
 3. Gladiatorial 
 
 Combats. 
 
 4. Theatrical 
 
 Performances. 
 
28 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 V. Civili- 
 zation. — - 
 Continued 
 
 !. The 
 Schools 
 of Phi- 
 losophy. 
 
 3. 
 
 Educa- 
 tion. 
 
 4. Invented the Sun-dial. 
 
 5. Made discoveries in Geology 
 
 and Mathematics. 
 
 1. Academic founded by Plato. 
 
 2. Peripatetic founded by 
 
 Aristotle. 
 
 3. Epicurean, founded by 
 
 Epicurus. 
 _ 4. Stoic, founded by Zeno. 
 
 1. Writing- 
 Materials. 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 1. The Papyrus. 
 
 2. Parchment. 
 ^ 3. Wax Tablets. 
 
 Libraries become fashionable. 
 
 1. Manners. 
 
 2. Rhythms. 
 
 3. Gymnastics. 
 
 4. Aesthetic Educa- 
 tion. 
 
 1. Adroitness. 
 
 2. Skillfulness. 
 
 3. Military Tactics. 
 
 4. y)/ar//a/ Educa- 
 tion. 
 
 In 
 Athens. 
 
 In 
 
 Sparta. 
 
 Birth of 
 the Dra- 
 ma. 
 
 f "Z. ( 1. Parthenon. 
 
 4. Styles 1. Dorian. X 2. Temple of Zeus, 
 of Arch- ( [Jupiter.] 
 
 itecture, -I 2. Ionic — Temple of Diana at 
 and Ex- ^;r^ Ephesus. 
 
 amples. 3. Corinthian — Chorag-ic Monu- 
 D ment of Lysicrates in Athens. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 29 
 
 VI. Re- 
 ligion. 
 
 'Sl 
 
 OJ 
 C/} 
 
 'a 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 
 
 O 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 Greek. 
 
 Zeus. 
 Hera. 
 
 3. Poseidon. 
 
 4. Demeter. 
 
 5. Hestia. 
 
 Hephrae- 
 
 stus. 
 Ares. 
 Athena. 
 
 9. Aphrodite 
 
 10. Apollon. 
 
 11. Artemus. 
 
 12. Hermes. 
 
 Latin. 
 
 Jupiter. 
 Juno. 
 
 Neptune. 
 
 Ceres. 
 
 Vesta. 
 
 Vulcan. 
 
 Mars. 
 Minerva. 
 
 Venus. 
 
 Apollo. 
 
 Diana. 
 
 Mercury. 
 
 Definitions. 
 
 Supreme God. 
 
 Queen of the 
 skies — wife of 
 Jupiter. 
 
 Ruled over the 
 Sea. 
 
 Goddess of Ag- 
 riculture. 
 
 Goddess of the 
 Domestic 
 
 Hearth. 
 
 God of Thund- 
 er and Fires. 
 
 God of War. 
 
 Goddess of 
 
 Wisdom. 
 
 Goddess of 
 Love and 
 Beauty. 
 
 God of Poetry 
 and Song-. 
 
 Goddess of the 
 chase. 
 
 God of Cunning- 
 [ and eloquence. 
 
 Feast 
 God. 
 
 3. The 
 Muses. 
 
 Dionysus 
 
 1. Clio — History. 
 3. Melhomene — 
 
 Trag-edy. 
 
 3. Thalia — Comedy. 
 
 4. Calliope — Epic Poetry. 
 
 5. Urania — Astronomy. 
 
 6. Enterpe — Music. 
 
 Bacchus, -s God of Wine. 
 
 All daug-h- 
 ters of 
 Zeus and 
 Mesonme, 
 (memory) 
 who con- 
 trolled 
 
30 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL IHSTORY 
 
 3. The 
 
 Muses. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 7. Polyhymnia — Oratory, f these g-ifts 
 
 8. Erato — Love Songs. J and met on 
 
 9. Terpsichore^ } Mt. Par- 
 
 Dancing-. [ nassus. 
 
 I 
 
 1. Brig-htness. 
 4. The Three Graces of -I 2. Color. 
 
 ( 3. Perfume. 
 
 VI. Religion. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 5. The Three Fates who spun the Thread 
 of Life. 
 
 6. The Three Furies who pursued crimi- 
 nals. 
 
 7. The Three Hesperides, daug-hters of 
 Atlas, in whose g-arden the golden ap- 
 ples grew, and who held the world on 
 his back. 
 
 ^ 
 
 8. Nature of 
 
 f 
 1. They worshiped all 
 
 these gods, &c., and 
 
 others. 
 
 2. Believed in oracles, 
 prophecies and 
 dreams. 
 
 3. General character — 
 
 Mythological. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 VII. NOTED MEN AND WOMEN. 
 
 31 
 
 o 
 
 Centu- 
 ries B.C 
 
 Name. 
 
 Where 
 
 born? 
 
 Cause of Fame, &c. 
 
 1 
 
 8th 
 7th 
 
 Hesiod. 
 
 Boetia 
 
 A Poet. 
 
 2 
 
 Anaximander 
 
 Sardis 
 
 Poet. Invents Sun-dial. 
 
 3 
 
 
 Periaiider 
 
 Corinth 
 
 A Tyrant. 
 
 4 6th 
 
 Pvthagoras ... 
 
 Samos 
 
 'lYaveller cind Mathematician. 
 
 Ol 
 
 Sappho 
 
 Lesbos 
 
 pietess. 
 
 6 
 
 Solon 
 
 Athens 
 
 Lawyer and Poet. 
 
 7 
 
 
 Thales 
 
 Miletus 
 
 Astronomer and Philosopher. 
 
 s 
 
 5th 
 
 Aesdwlus 
 
 Aeschine.s 
 
 Athens 
 
 Author, (60 Tragedies.) 
 
 9 
 
 same ..... 
 
 Orator. 
 
 10 
 
 
 Plato 
 
 sam.e 
 
 Teach er — D i a.log-ues. 
 
 11 
 
 
 Socrates 
 
 same .. .. 
 
 Teacher — Philosopher, ■ 
 
 12 
 
 4th 
 
 Ari.ytides. ., 
 
 same 
 
 General and Party Leader.- 
 
 13 
 
 
 Aristophanes. 
 
 same 
 
 Author, (40 Comedies.) 
 
 14 
 
 
 Demosthenes .. 
 
 same 
 
 Orator — ( 'Philippics. ") 
 
 15 
 
 
 Euripides. . . . 
 
 same 
 
 Author, (75 ragedies.) 
 
 16 
 
 
 E p a m i n on das 
 
 Theba 
 
 General. 
 
 17 
 
 
 Herodotus 
 
 Asia Minor 
 
 Historian-- 'Father of History. ' ' 
 
 18 
 
 
 Pericles 
 
 Athens 
 
 ( >rator and General, [thenon. 
 
 19 
 
 
 Phidias 
 
 same 
 
 Architect — Desig-ns the Par- 
 
 20 
 
 
 Sophodes 
 
 same 
 
 .\utiior, (70 Trag"edies.) 
 
 21 
 
 
 Themistodes .. 
 
 same 
 
 General — Hero of Athenians. 
 
 T-) 
 
 
 ' hucvdides . . 
 
 same 
 
 Historian. 
 
 23 
 
 
 Xenophon 
 
 same 
 
 Historian and General. 
 
 24 
 
 
 Diogenes 
 
 mope 
 
 Philosopher.. 
 
 25 
 
 
 Epicurus. . . 
 
 ■^amos 
 
 Teacher and Philosopher. 
 
 26 
 
 3rd 
 
 Hippocrates... 
 
 Corinth 
 
 Physician. 
 
 27 
 
 
 Archimedes ... 
 
 Syracuse. . . 
 
 inventor and Philosopher. 
 
 28 
 
 
 Euclid 
 
 
 Teacher at Alexandria. 
 
 29 
 
 
 Epicurus 
 
 ■-^amos 
 
 Teacher and Philosopher. 
 
 30 
 
 
 Aristotle 
 
 Macedonia., 
 
 Peacher and Philosopher, 
 taught Alexander the Great. 
 
 31 
 
 
 Theocritus 
 
 Syracuse.... 
 
 Poet. 
 
 32 
 
 
 Georgias 
 
 Sicily 
 
 Orator. 
 
 33. For others, see outline on Political History. 
 
32 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 Chapter X. — (S) Rome. 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 fl- 
 
 Istria. 
 
 
 
 2. 
 
 Venetia. 
 
 
 1. Northern - 
 
 3. 
 
 Cisalpine 
 
 I. Geographical 
 Divisions. 
 
 Italy. 
 
 \t 
 
 Gaul. 
 Lig-uria. 
 Etruria. 
 
 
 
 1. 
 
 Umbria. 
 
 
 2. Central 
 
 2. 
 
 Sabini. 
 
 
 {1. A Penin- 
 
 Italy. 
 
 3. 
 
 Picenum. 
 
 
 sula in 
 
 
 4. 
 
 Latium. 
 
 
 Southern 
 
 
 5. 
 
 Vestini. 
 
 II. Loca- 
 
 Europe. 
 2. It is 2700 
 
 
 6. 
 
 Campania 
 Samnium. 
 
 tion AND 
 
 miles long- 
 
 
 
 
 Size. 
 
 and 1000 
 
 3. Southern 
 
 1. 
 
 Apulia. 
 
 
 miles, av- 
 
 Italy. - 
 
 2. 
 
 Lapvg"ia. 
 
 
 er ag-e 
 
 
 3. 
 
 Lucania. 
 
 
 breath. 
 
 
 4. 
 
 Bruttium. 
 
 H 
 X 
 
 H 
 H 
 < 
 
 <l 
 
 s 
 
 O 
 O 
 
 1. 
 
 Spain. 
 
 7. 
 
 Bavaria. 
 
 13. 
 
 Servia. 
 
 2. 
 
 Portugal. 
 
 8. 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 14. 
 
 Turkey. 
 
 3. 
 
 France. 
 
 9. 
 
 Italy, 
 
 15. 
 
 Greece. 
 
 4. 
 
 Belgium. 
 
 10. 
 
 Austria. 
 
 16. 
 
 Asia Minor 
 
 5. 
 
 Holland. 
 
 11. 
 
 H ung-ary . 
 
 17. 
 
 Syria. 
 
 6. 
 
 Russia 
 (part of) 
 
 12. 
 
 Russia 
 1 part of) 
 
 18. 
 
 Palestine. 
 
 19. 
 
 Eg-ypt. 
 
 20. 
 
 Tripoli. 
 
 21. 
 
 Tunis. 
 
 oo_ 
 
 Algeria. 
 
 23. 
 
 Morocco. 
 
 24. 
 
 Idumea. 
 
 25! 
 
 Britanny. 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 O 
 
 < 
 
 B' 
 
 o 
 
 Hi 
 O 
 
 O 
 o 
 < 
 
OUTLINBS OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 33 
 
 fi. ; 
 
 j^truscans. 
 
 Early J ^ t- i (1. Latins. 
 Races. ^ -.-^^^1-1 Umbro-Sa 
 ( bellians. 
 
 
 1. Umbr-ans. 
 
 
 2. Oscans. 
 
 - 
 
 3. Sabeins. 
 
 
 4. Samnites. 
 
 
 5. Sabellians. 
 
 '. Location of Rome, (city.) 
 6. The Seven King-s. 
 
 4. Servian Constitution. 
 
 5. Patricians and Plebeians. 
 
 6. Etruscan Conquest. 
 
 ' 1. On I 1. Aventine. 
 
 1. The 
 
 III. PoLiTi- i First 
 
 CAL -| Empire, - 
 
 History. (753 B. 
 
 C. to 509 
 
 B. C.) 
 
 2. Lo- 
 cation 
 
 of 
 Rome. 
 
 the 
 Seven 
 ^ Hills. ^ 4. 
 5. 
 2. The 
 
 3. 
 Kingfs 
 
 Fable 
 
 1. The 
 Seven 
 Kinsfs 
 
 Capitoline. 
 
 Aesquiline. 
 
 Palatine. 
 
 Caelian. 
 
 Viminal. 
 
 7. Ouirinal. 
 
 1 
 
 2. Sto- 
 ries. 
 
 Romulus. 
 
 Numa Hosti- 
 lius. 
 
 Tullius. 
 
 Ancus Mar- 
 tins. 
 
 Tarquinthe 
 
 Elder. 
 
 Servius Tul- 
 lius. 
 
 4. Servian Constitution. 
 
 5. Patricians and Plebeians. 
 
 6. Etruscan Conquest. 
 
34 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 III. Politi- 
 cal 
 History. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 I The 
 Repub- 
 lic, (509 
 C. to 30 
 B. C.) 
 
 1. 
 
 Wars 
 for 
 
 Exist- 
 ence, 
 
 (509 B. 
 C. to 
 
 343 B. 
 
 3. 
 
 "Wars 
 for 
 
 For- 
 eig'n 
 
 Pos- 
 ses- 
 sion 
 of 
 
 Italy, 
 
 (343'to 
 
 264 B. 
 
 C.) 
 
 f 1. The first consuls. 
 
 2. Secession of Plebians. 
 
 3. Tribunes and Censors. 
 
 1. Coriolanus. 
 
 4. Patriots 2. Cincin- 
 and He- -l natus. 
 
 roes. 
 
 3. Horatius. 
 
 5. The Decemvirs, (451 
 
 B. C.) 
 
 6. The Gauls in Rome, 
 (390 B. C.) 
 
 L 
 
 1. First Samnite War, 
 
 (343 to 341 B. C.) 
 
 2. Great Latin War, 
 
 (340 to 338 B. C.) 
 
 3. Second Samnite War, 
 
 <! (326 to 304 B. C.) 
 
 4. Third Samnite War, 
 
 (208 to 290 B. C.) 
 
 5. "Pyrrhic i 1. Heraclea 
 War, "(280^ 2. Benevu- 
 to 276 B.C.) ( turn. 
 
 3. Wars 
 for For- 
 eig-n Do- 
 minion. 
 
 (264 B.C. 
 to 133 B. 
 
 C.) 
 
 1. The first Punic War, 
 
 (294 to 241 B. C.) 
 l.Tiebia— 218B. C. 
 
 2. The 2. Trasimenus — 
 Sec- 217 B.C. 
 ond 3. Caunae— 216B. C. 
 
 Punic, 4. Size of Capua. 
 War, I 5. Metaurus — 
 (218 to 207 B.C. 
 
 201 B. 6. Zama— 202 B. C. 
 C. ) 7. Hannibal. 
 
 8. Scipio. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 35 
 
 III. Po- 
 litical 
 History 
 — Coti'td. 
 
 2. The 
 Repub- 
 lic, (509 
 B. C. to 
 30B.C.) 
 Cont'd. 
 
 3. 
 
 Wars 
 
 for 
 For- 
 eig"n 
 Do- 
 min- 
 ion, 
 (264 to 
 133 B. 
 C.) 
 
 4. 
 
 Civil 
 Wars, 
 (133B. 
 
 C. to 
 
 30 B. 
 
 C.) 
 
 Second Macedonian 
 
 War— 200 to 197 B. C. 
 Battle of Mag"nesia — 
 
 190 B. C. 
 
 5. The Ma- 
 cedonian 
 War (171 J 
 to 168 B 
 C.) 
 
 6. The 
 Third 
 Punic 
 War, 
 (149 to 
 146 B. 
 C. 
 
 Pvdna— 
 
 168 B. 
 
 Result. 
 
 fl- 
 
 J 7 
 
 c. 
 
 Tibe- 
 rius. 
 Cains. 
 
 Fall of Car- 
 thage — 146 B. 
 C. 
 
 Fall of Co- 
 rinth— 146 B. 
 C. 
 
 Results. 
 7. Tiberius Gracchus. 
 
 1. Servile war in Sicilv — 
 
 133 to 132 B. 
 
 2. Public Lands. 
 
 3. Reforms ( 1. 
 
 of the -l 
 Gracchi. ( 2. 
 
 4. War with Jug-urtha — 
 
 111 to 106 B. C. 
 
 5. Cimbri and Teutonic 
 
 Invasion — 101 B. C. 
 
 6. Social War ( 1. Marius. 
 —91 to 89 B.C. ] 2. Sulla. 
 
 7. First Mithridactic War. 
 
 8. Pompey in Spain. 
 
 9. War of Gladiators. 
 
 10. War with Mediterra- 
 nean Pirates^ — 66 B. C. 
 
 11. Second Mithridactic 
 
 V/ar— 66 to 63 B. C. 
 
 12. Cataline's Conspiracy. 
 
36 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 2. The 
 Repub- 
 lic, (509 
 B. C. to 
 
 30 B.C.) 
 Cont'd. 
 
 III. Politi- 
 cal 
 History. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 4. 
 
 Civil 
 Wars, 
 (133B. 
 
 C. to 
 
 30 B. 
 
 C.) 
 
 13. First 
 Trium- 
 viate — -{ 
 60 B.C. 
 
 14. Sec- 
 ond 
 Trium. 
 viate — 
 43 B. C. ^ 
 
 .1. 
 Men 
 
 1. Cassar 
 2.Pom- 
 
 pey- 
 
 The Sec- 
 ond Em- 
 pire — 30 
 
 B. C. to 476 
 
 A. D. 
 
 1. Reig-n of 
 Aug-ustus— 
 30B. C. to 
 14 A. D. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. Cras- 
 sus. 
 
 2. Pharsalus. 
 
 3. Result. 
 1. Au- 
 
 1. gustus. 
 Men 2. Anto- 
 ny. 
 
 Lepi- 
 dus. 
 
 2. Philippi. 
 
 3. Actium — 
 
 31 B. C. 
 
 4. Results. 
 
 1. Extentofhis 
 King-dom. 
 
 2. Defeat of Va- 
 rus— 9 A. D. 
 
 3. His Public 
 Works. 
 
 4. Birth of 
 Christ. 
 
 Reig-n of Tiberius — 14 to 37 
 A. D. 
 
 \ 1. Death of Christ. 
 } 2. Other Events. 
 
 3. Reign of Calig-ula — 37 to 41 
 
 A. D. 
 
 4. Claudius— 41 to 54 A. D. 
 
 5. Nero— j 1. Great Fire. 
 54to68A.D. \ 2. Cruelty. 
 
 6. Galba, Otho, Vitella— 68 to 
 
 69 A. D. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 37 
 
 III. Politi- 
 cal His- 
 tory. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 3. The 
 Second 
 Empire 
 — 30B. 
 C. to 
 476 A. 
 D. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 7. Ves- ( 1. Jesusalem captured. 
 
 pasian. •< 2. Eruption of Vesu- 
 — 69 79. ( vius. 
 
 8. Titus— 79 to 81 A. D. 
 
 9. Domitian— 81 to 06 A. D. 
 
 10. TheGood 
 Emperors^ ^' 
 —96 to 180 ^• 
 A. D. 
 
 Nerva. 
 Trajan. 
 Hadrian. 
 Autonius Pius. 
 Autonius — Mar- 
 cus Aurelius. 
 
 11. Commodus— 180 to 192 A. D. 
 
 1. Public Sale of Em- 
 pire. 
 
 2. Septimus Serverus. 
 
 3. Caracalla. 
 Alexander Serverus. 
 Thirty Tyrants— 
 
 251 to 258 A. D. 
 Fall of Palmyra. 
 
 12. The 
 Barrack 
 Emper- 
 ors — 
 192 to 
 284 A. 
 D. 
 
 Illy- 
 rian 
 Em- 
 per- 
 ors — 
 268to 
 
 284 
 A. D. 
 
 Claudius. 
 
 Aurelius. 
 
 Probus. 
 
 Diocletian. 
 
 Maximian. 
 
 13. Diocletian— 284 to 305 A. D. 
 
 14 
 
 . Con- 
 stan- 
 tine — 
 305 to 
 337 A. 
 D. 
 
 1. Nicene Creed— 325 
 
 A. D. 
 
 2. Constantinople. 
 
 3. State Relig-ion. 
 
 4. Absolutism. 
 
3'8 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 III. Politi- 
 cal 
 History. 
 Continued. 
 
 3. The 
 Second 
 Empire 
 —SOB. 
 C. to 
 476 A. 
 D. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 15. Julian, the Apostate — 361 to 
 363 A. D. 
 
 16. Valentinian ( 1. Barbarians. 
 
 and Valens — ■< 
 ■ 363 to 379 A. D. 2. Goths. 
 
 17. Theodo- 
 sius the 
 Great — 
 
 379 to 395 
 
 A. D. 
 
 18. Honorius 
 
 1. Division of Em- 
 
 pire. 
 
 2. Last Triumph. 
 
 3. Gladiatorial 
 
 Combats. 
 
 ' 1. Alaric. 
 
 2. The Ransom. 
 
 3. Stilicho. 
 
 4. AVestern Empire 
 
 seized. 
 
 5. Eastern Empire. 
 
 1. The 
 Huns. 
 
 2. The 
 
 I Van- 
 
 19. The I dais. 
 
 Barb a- - 
 
 rians. 
 
 Its 
 
 Down- 
 fall— 
 476 B. 
 C. 
 
 1. Attila. 
 
 2. Chalons — 
 451 A. D. 
 
 1. Genseric. 
 
 2. Vandal- 
 
 ism. 
 
 1. Romulus 
 Aug-ustulus 
 
 2. Zeno, 
 
 Emp. of 
 East. 
 
 3. Odoacer, 
 Patrician. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 39 
 
 1. Kinds of Civilization. 
 
 [ 1. Latin. 
 ■I 2. Greek, 
 ( 3. Oriental. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Civili- 
 zation. 
 
 Population at its g-reatest extent, 
 
 1,000,000,000 people. 
 ' 1. 20 miles of Walls pierced 
 with 30 Gates. 
 
 2. The Colisseum. 
 
 3. The Capitol. 
 
 4. Circus Maximus. 
 
 5. The Forum. 
 
 3. Rome had 
 
 Temple of Janus. 
 
 ' 1. Aqueducts 
 
 2 
 
 5. The Peo- 
 ple are noted 
 for their 
 
 Baths. 
 
 3. Cruel King's. 
 
 4. Orators. 
 
 5. Generals. 
 
 6. Slaves.- 
 
 7. Dress and Food. 
 
 Litera- 
 ture. 
 
 1. They wrote with the stylus 
 
 on parchment and skins. 
 
 2. Authors \ 
 
 and no- 1. Virg-il — "Aenid" 
 
 ted books 
 
 7. Religion, (See 
 
 Greece.) 
 
 8. They copied and 
 
 borrowed many 
 customs from 
 Greece and else- 
 where. 
 
 2. Sallust — "Jugur- 
 thine War." 
 
 3. Caesar — "Com- 
 mentaries." 
 
 4. Horace — Poet. 
 
 5. Livv. 
 
 6. Pliiiy. 
 
 7. Tacitus. 
 
 8. Catullus. 
 
 9. Cicero. 
 
40 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 VI.— GREAT MEN. 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 Dates. 
 
 Names, 
 
 Birth and Circum- 
 stances. 
 
 Cause of Fame. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 B. C. 3d 
 
 Century 
 
 2d cent. 
 
 Regulus 
 
 Scipio Afri- 
 
 canns 
 
 Marcellus. . . . 
 Fabius Maxi- 
 
 mus 
 
 Rome — Patrician. 
 Rome — Pat 
 
 Consul and General. 
 Victor of Zama (201 B. C.) 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 Rome — Plebeian.. 
 Rome — Patrician. 
 Apulia — Free 
 
 Gen. Conquered Syracuse 
 
 Consul — "Delayer of 
 
 Hannibal." 
 Translator of Greek Dra- 
 
 S 
 
 Ennius 
 
 6 
 
 
 Andronicus . . 
 
 Tarentum — Slave 
 
 mas. 
 Presented the first Dra- 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1st cent. 
 
 A.D. 1st 
 Century 
 
 Cato, the El- 
 der 
 
 Planutus 
 
 Polybius 
 
 Scipio, the 
 Young-er 
 
 Terence 
 
 Rome — Plebeian .. 
 
 Umbria — Free 
 
 Greece — Free 
 
 Rome — Patrici an. 
 
 Carthage — Slave . 
 
 Utica — Plebeian.. 
 
 Rome — Latin 
 
 Sicily — Greek 
 
 Assyria — Greek . . . 
 Phrygia — Slave... 
 
 Apulia — Free 
 
 A Greek Jew 
 
 Padua — Eatin 
 
 Italy — Latin 
 
 Spain — Latin 
 
 Gaul — Latin 
 
 Spain — Latin .... 
 
 Mantua — Free 
 
 Verona — Free 
 
 Censor, Orator and 
 
 Author. 
 Wrote 21 Latin Comedies 
 "Universial History." 
 
 Conquers Carthage and 
 
 Spain, 
 Author — Latin Comedies 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 
 Cato, the 
 
 Younger.. 
 
 Agrippa 
 
 Diodorus 
 
 Dionysius 
 
 Epictetus 
 
 Horace 
 
 Orator and General un- 
 der Pompey. 
 
 General and Surveyor. 
 
 "General History." 
 
 History and Rhetoric. 
 
 Philosopher. 
 
 Latin Satires and Poems 
 
 18 
 19 
 
 Josephus 
 
 Livy 
 
 Ovid 
 
 Historian of Judea. 
 "History of Rome." 
 Poet- "Metamorphoses." 
 Lav^yer, Orator and 
 Rhetorician. 
 
 Wrote on Natural Science 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 Quintillian. ... 
 
 Pliny, the El- 
 der 
 
 ^,3 
 
 Seneca 
 
 Philosophical Author. 
 Poet— "The Aeneid. " 
 Architect — Inspector for 
 Augustus. 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 Virgil 
 
 Vitrurius .... 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 VI.— GREAT MRN.— Continued. 
 
 41 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 Birth and Circum- 
 
 
 
 Dates. 
 
 Names. 
 
 stances. 
 
 Cause of Fame. 
 
 26 
 
 2d cent. 
 
 Apulerlus 
 
 Africa — Slave 
 
 Author — "Golden Ass." 
 
 27 
 
 
 Arrian 
 
 Asia — Greek 
 
 Author — "Alexander and 
 His Succes.sors." 
 
 28 
 
 
 Galen 
 
 Pergamos — Greek 
 
 Physician of M. Aurelius 
 
 29 
 
 
 Justin Martvr 
 
 Samaria — Greek. 
 
 Philosopher. 
 
 ^0 
 
 
 Juve ' al 
 
 Italy — Free 
 
 
 
 A. D. 2d 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 Century 
 
 Plutarch 
 
 Roetia — Greek. . . . 
 
 Biographical Author. 
 
 32 
 
 
 Ptolmsy 
 
 Eg3Tt — Greek 
 
 Mathematician — "Alma- 
 
 gest." 
 
 33 
 
 
 Plinv, the 
 
 
 
 
 
 Young-er 
 
 Gaul — Latin 
 
 Lawyer — Descriptive 
 Letters. 
 
 3-1 
 
 
 Tacitus 
 
 Italy — Latin 
 
 
 35 
 
 3d cent. 
 
 St. Clement ... 
 
 Alexandria — 
 Greek 
 
 Author — Christian Doc- 
 
 
 
 
 
 trine. 
 
 36 
 
 
 St. Cyprian... 
 
 Carthag-e — Latin.. 
 
 Father of the Poor. 
 
 ^7 
 
 
 Origen 
 
 Alexandria — 
 
 Author — Theology and 
 Literature. 
 
 
 
 
 Greek 
 
 38 
 
 
 Porphyry .... 
 
 Syria — Greek 
 
 Opposed Christianity. 
 
 39 
 
 
 Tertullian 
 
 Carthag-e — Latin.. 
 
 An Ascetic, Argued aga- 
 inst Paganism. 
 
 40 
 
 
 Ulpian 
 
 Tvre — Latin 
 
 
 41 
 
 4th cent. 
 
 St. Ambrose... 
 
 (.xaul — Latin 
 
 Commentaries and Ser- 
 mons. 
 
 42 
 
 
 St. Anthony... 
 
 Eg-ypt — Latin 
 
 Author and Lawyer — 
 Father of Monasticism. 
 
 40 
 
 
 Arius 
 
 Egypt — Greek 
 
 
 
 
 
 Arian Heresy. 
 
 43 
 
 
 Athanasius ... 
 
 Egypt — Greek 
 
 Author — Defends Ortho- 
 doxy. 
 
 43 
 
 
 St. Au,g-ustine 
 
 Numidia — Latin. . 
 
 Bishop — Theology and 
 Rhetoric. 
 
 44 
 
 
 Constantine ... 
 
 Moesia — Latin. . . 
 
 Emp. Founder of Con- 
 stantinople. 
 
 45 
 
 
 St. Basil 
 
 Cappadocia — 
 Greek 
 
 Teacher and Founder of 
 
 
 
 
 
 Houses of Refuge and 
 
 
 
 
 
 Orphanages. 
 
42 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 VI.— GREAT MEN.— Continued. 
 
 o 
 
 Dates. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Birth and Circum- 
 stances. 
 
 Cause of Fame. 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 47 
 
 5th cent. 
 See ou 
 
 St. Chrysos- 
 tom 
 
 St. Jerome 
 
 Julian 
 
 Antioch — Greek ... 
 
 — Latin 
 
 Greece — Greek 
 Nephew of Con- 
 stantine 
 
 Preacher and Author — 
 
 Commentaries. 
 Translates the Bible into 
 
 Latin. 
 
 
 Theodosius. ... 
 Qlfilas 
 
 Emperor and Author — 
 Attacks Christianity. 
 
 Emp. and Lawyer — 
 
 " Cheodosian Code." 
 Missionary — Translates 
 
 48 
 
 Son of Julian — 
 Latin 
 
 4Q 
 
 A Goth 
 
 A Visig"oth 
 
 SO 
 
 Alaric. ( Bar- 
 Attila. 1 ba- 
 Gen- 'l ri- 
 seric. (^ ans. 
 Leo I. 
 
 Bible into Gothic. . 
 Kin"" and General. 
 
 bl 
 
 A Hun 
 
 Leader and General. 
 
 52 
 
 A Vandal 
 
 Rome — Latin 
 
 A Teuton 
 
 General from Africa. 
 
 Pope and Author — Ser- 
 mons, &c. 
 "Patrician of Italy." 
 General. 
 
 =^4 
 
 Odoacer 
 
 S"; 
 
 Stilicho 
 
 Rome — Latin 
 
 Rome — Latin 
 
 Rome — Latin 
 
 ure for others. 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 St. Patric 
 
 Zosimus 
 
 tline of Literat 
 
 Author Roman Alphabet 
 Historian and Lawyer. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 43 
 
 CKapter XI* — THedfaeval l^Tstor/* 
 
 I. Dates. 
 
 II. The 
 
 Teu- 
 tons. 
 
 III. 
 
 Byzan- 
 tium. 
 
 IV> Moham- 
 medanism 
 and the 
 Saracens. 
 
 1. Dark Ag-es— from 476 A. D. to 1100 A. D. 
 
 2. Dawn— from 1100 A. D. to 1500 A. D. 
 
 1. Ostrog-oths — ( 1. Odoacer. 
 493-554. ] 2. Theodoric. 
 
 2. Visig-oths — 415-711 — Roderic. 
 
 3. The Burg-undians— 443-534. 
 r 1. Genseric. 
 
 ^^,s_-, . y^ ! 2- In Italy. 
 Divi- ^^t,^ "^"^^ 1 3. Defeated by Beli- 
 sions. [^ sarius. 
 
 5. Meroving-ians — 486to752 — Clovis 
 
 6. Lombards — 568 to 774. 
 
 7. Ang-lo-Saxons in Britain — 827. 
 I 1. In France. 
 
 The Van- 
 dals— 429- 
 
 8. Northmen. 
 
 14. 
 
 In England. 
 In Russia. 
 In Iceland. 
 
 I 2. Trebonian. 
 His Character. 
 Battle of Nineveh. 
 
 Conversion to Christianity. 
 Formation of Romance Langfuages. 
 Reign of Justinian \ 1. Roman Law. 
 
 527-565. " 
 Reign of Hera- \ 1 
 clius— 610-641. ] 2 
 Estern Empire passes to the Greeks. 
 Downfall of Constantinople — 1453. 
 Birth of Mohammed — 571. 
 The Hegira— 622. 
 
 j 1. Doctrines. 
 \ 2. The "Koran." 
 Death of Mohammed— 632. 
 Conquests of the Saracens. 
 
 ( 1. 'Chas Martel 
 Battle of Tours— 732 
 
 3. The Religion. 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 The Ottoman Empire. 
 Saracen Divisions. 
 
 2. Loss of Men— 
 375,000. 
 
44 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 V. Charle- 
 magne. 
 
 1. His Birth— 742. 
 
 2. Becomes King- — 768. 
 
 3. Org-anizes Holy Roman Empire — 800. 
 
 4. His Death— 814. 
 
 5. His Works. 
 
 ^ 1. Treaty of Verdun — 
 
 6. His King-dom. < 843. 
 
 2. Division. 
 
 VI. The Crusades. 
 
 1. 
 
 Greater 
 
 Crusades. 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 Dates. 
 
 Leaders. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Results. 
 
 
 
 Peter, the Hermit. 
 
 
 Captured Antioch, Nice 
 
 1 
 
 1096 to 
 
 Walter the Penni- 
 less. 
 
 Rescue the 
 Holy Sepul- 
 
 and Jerusalem. 
 
 
 1099. 
 
 Godfrey of Bouil- 
 lon. 
 Duke of Lorraine. 
 
 cher. 
 
 A Latin Kingdom. 
 
 2 
 
 1147 to 
 
 St. Bernard. 
 Conrad III, Louis 
 
 Defend the 
 Sacred 
 
 Defeated in Asia Minor. 
 
 
 1149. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Place. 
 
 
 3 
 
 1189 to 
 
 Frederick B a r- 
 
 Recovery of 
 
 Captured Acre. 
 
 
 
 barossa. 
 
 Jerusalem 
 
 The "Truce." 
 
 
 
 Philip Augfustus. 
 
 from Sala- 
 
 
 
 1192. 
 
 Richard I. 
 
 din. 
 
 
 4 
 
 1202 to 
 
 Alexius. 
 
 Directed aga- 
 
 Its capture. Twice held, 
 
 
 1204. 
 
 
 inst Con- 
 
 but rercaptured in 1261 
 
 
 
 
 stantinople. 
 
 by Greeks. 
 
 2. Children's Crusade and Results. 
 
 
 3. Lesser Crusades. 
 
 
 5 
 
 1216 to 
 
 King-s of Hungary 
 
 To Conquer 
 
 Nothing. 
 
 
 1220. 
 
 and Cyprus. 
 
 Egypt. 
 
 
 6 
 
 1227 to 
 
 Frederick II. 
 
 Same as 2nd 
 
 Secured restoration of 
 
 
 1229. 
 
 
 Crusade. 
 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 7 
 
 1249 to 
 
 St. Louis IX. 
 
 Set upaKing-- 
 
 Nothing. 
 
 
 1254. 
 
 
 domin Africa. 
 
 Louis dies in Egypt. 
 
 8 
 
 1270 to 
 
 Louis IX. 
 
 Africa and 
 
 Edward captures 
 
 
 1272. 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Palestine. 
 
 Nazareth. A Treaty. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 45 
 
 VII. The 
 Hundred 
 
 Years 
 War. 
 
 (1336- 
 
 1453.) 
 
 Events 
 
 3. Battle 
 of Poi- 
 tiers — 
 1356. 
 
 4 
 
 5, 
 
 1. Cause — Lands of England in France. 
 
 1. Battle of Crecy— 1346. 
 
 2. Capture of Calais by the Eng-lish 
 ' 1. Edward VI. 
 
 2. French. 
 ( 1. John. 
 "I 2. Philip. 
 
 3. Result. 
 ^ ^*_ . J 4. Battle of Ag-incourt— 1415. 
 
 Sieg-e of Orleans — 1429. 
 \ 1. Joan of Arc. 
 \ 2. The Dauphin Crowned 
 Joan of Arc burned — 1431. 
 Eng-lish Reverses. 
 
 ( 1. Bretignv— 1360. 
 Treaties -< 2. Troyes— 1419. 
 ( 3. Arras— 1435. 
 3. Summary. 
 
 1. Dispute as to the Title to the 
 Crown by the Houses of York 
 and Lancaster. 
 Why so called? 
 Battle of St. Albans— 1455. 
 Battle of Blore Heath— 1459. 
 Wakefield and Towton— 1461. 
 J 4. Hexham— 1464. 
 Events. 5. Barnet — 1471. 
 
 Bosworth Field— 1485. 
 [7. Warwick, the King- maker." 
 ' 1. 12 Princes. 
 2. 200 Nobles. 
 Sum- ^ England] 3. 100,000 people, 
 mary. [4. Much money. 
 
 House of Lancaster 
 Regains the Throne. 
 
 ( 1. France. 4. Russia. 
 IX. Rise of Modern Nations. ■< 2. Spain. 5. Germany 
 
 ( 3. Italy. 6. England. 
 
 VIII. War 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Roses — 
 1455-1485 
 
 1. Cause- 
 
 1. Cost 
 Enofland 
 
 2. Result. 
 
46 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTOR\ 
 
 France 
 —987 to 
 1498. 
 
 1. Cape- 
 tian 
 Period 
 
 —987 
 1328. 
 
 2. House 
 of Va- 
 
 lois — 
 
 1328— 
 
 1498. 
 
 1. Acquisition of English Ter- 
 
 ritory — 1066, 
 
 2. Holy Wars for Recovery of 
 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 3. Crusades against Albigenses — 
 
 1202 1229. 
 
 4. Creation of States General — 
 
 1302. 
 
 5. Triumph of Absolutism. 
 
 (' 1. Philip Aug-ustus 
 
 6. Rulers of J 2. Louis IX. 
 this Period ) 3. Philip IV. 
 
 1 4. Louis XL 
 
 1. Hundred Years War with 
 
 Eng-land— 1328— 1453. 
 
 2. Trouble with Charles the Bold 
 
 of Burg-undy 1461—1483. 
 
 3. Charles VIII. invades Italy — 
 
 1490. 
 
 4. His retreat back to Paris. 
 [ 5. Feudal System at an end. 
 
 Spain- 
 732 to 
 1516. 
 
 1 rrx, Tv/r ( 1- Their Kingdom. 
 
 1. T.he Moors ) * 
 
 in Spain. i ^ r^ j 
 
 ^ { 2. Cordova. 
 
 2. Queen Isabella of Castile marries Ferdi- 
 
 nand of Aragon— 1469. 
 
 3. Union of the Colonies— 1479. 
 
 4. Expulsion of the Moors — 1480—1491. 
 
 5. Discovery of America— 1492. 
 
 6. Death of the j ^- Isabella-1504. 
 Sovereisrns. 
 
 7. The Inquisition. 
 
 2. Ferdinand— 1516. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 47 
 
 3. Italy 
 843 to 1499 
 
 4. Russia— 
 837—1505. 
 
 IX. 
 Rise 
 
 OF 
 
 Mod- 
 ern 
 Na- 
 tions. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 
 
 1. No Government since 843. 
 
 2. See No. 3 in outline of Germany. 
 
 3. Rienzi's stand for Liberty — 1347. 
 
 4. The Renaissance. 
 
 5. Savonarola— 1452— 1498. 
 
 6. The City Republics. 
 
 r 1. Florence.. 
 
 1. Ruric the Red, 837. Its Rise -| 2. Venice. 
 
 2. Conquest of Tartars in the | 3. Genoa. 
 
 .13th century. [ 4. Naples. 
 
 3. Freedom under Ivan the Great, 1462-1505 
 
 4. Her Boundaries. 
 
 . r^ r • (1- Lothair. 
 
 1. Caroluio-ians- 
 
 843—911. 
 
 l2. 
 
 Otto the Great. 
 
 2. Conrad of Franconia— 911-919. 
 
 3. Saxon j 1. Renewal of the Empire — 962. 
 ^ I Emperors - 
 if^ 919—1024 12. Guelphs and Ghibellines. 
 
 ^ I 4. Lothair of Saxony- 1125— 1137. 
 
 CO 
 
 5. Hohenstau- ( 1. Frederick Barbarossa. 
 fen Family — ■< 
 1137—1254. ( 2. Cathedral Building-- 1248. 
 
 6. Interreg-n- 
 um & Differ- 
 ent Emp. — 
 1254—1273 to 
 1438. 
 
 1. Rise of the [1. Morg-arten 
 Swiss Repub-^ 2. Sempach. 
 he, 1315, 1388 ( 3. Nafels. 
 
 2. Rise of Austria. 
 
 3. Character of her rulers. 
 
 7. House ( 1. Albert,Duke Austria, 1438-1493 
 of Haps- -^ 2. Maximilian L— 1493— 1519. 
 burg-. ( 3. The Hussites. 
 
48 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 IX. Rise OF 
 Modern 
 
 Nations. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 
 1. Rom 
 
 an 
 
 c 
 
 onque 
 
 St. 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 1. Eg-bert— 827. 
 
 2. Ethelbert. 
 
 3. Alfred the 
 Great— 871- 
 901. 
 
 
 2. Saxon 
 
 1. Ru- 
 
 4. Edward the 
 
 
 Dynas- 
 
 lers. 
 
 Elder— 901-925 
 
 
 ty— 827' 
 
 
 5. Athelstane — 
 
 
 -1016. 
 
 
 925-941. 
 6. The six Boy 
 Kings— 941- 
 1016. 
 
 
 
 2. The Danish Conquest 
 —1016. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 1. Canute— 1016 
 
 . Eng-- 
 
 
 
 -1035. 
 
 land. - 
 
 
 
 2. Harold Hare- 
 
 (827- 
 
 3. Dan- 
 
 
 foot— 1035-1040 
 
 1499.) 
 
 ish and 
 
 1. 
 
 3. Hardicanute. 
 
 
 Resto- 
 
 Ru-- 
 
 —1040-1042. 
 
 
 red Sax- - 
 
 lers. 
 
 4. Edward the 
 
 
 on Dy- 
 
 
 Confessor — 
 
 
 nasty — 
 
 
 1042-1066 
 
 
 lOie"" to 
 
 
 5. Harold, II— 
 
 
 1066. 
 
 
 1066. 
 
 
 
 2. Battle of Hasting-s — 
 
 
 
 1066. 
 
 
 
 3. Norman Conquest. 
 
 
 
 . f 1. AVilliam I. 1066-1087 
 
 
 4. The 
 
 t 2. William II. 1087- 
 
 
 Nor- 
 
 CJ 
 
 1100. a 
 
 
 mans 
 
 1—* - 
 
 3. Henry 1. 1100-1135. b 
 
 
 —1066 ' 
 
 
 4. Matilda and Ste- 
 
 
 -1154. 
 
 T-H 
 
 phen— 1135-1154. 
 
 
 
 2. Their Character. 
 
 
 
 a. Called Bufus, the red-haired. 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 b 
 
 . FineSd 
 
 lolar. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 49 
 
 IX. Rise 
 OF Mod- 
 ern Na- 
 tions. — 
 Cont'd. 
 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 « 
 
 4 ^ 
 
 
 
 5. The 
 Plan- 
 tag e- 
 nets. 
 
 H 
 
 i 
 
 House 
 York. 
 
 of 
 
 1. Henry II— 1154-1189. 
 
 2. Richard 1—1189-1199. 
 
 3. John— 1199-1216. 
 
 4. Henrv III— 1216-1272. 
 
 5. Edward 1—1272-1307. 
 
 6. Edward 11—1307-1327. 
 
 7. Edward IH- 1327-1377. 
 
 8. Richard 11—1377-1399. 
 
 9. Henry IV— 
 1399-1413 
 
 10. Henrv V— 
 1413-1422. 
 
 11. Henrv VI— 
 1422-1461. 
 
 12. Edward IV 
 —1461-1483 
 
 13. Edward V 
 — one vear. 
 
 14. Richard III 
 —1483-1485 
 
 al5. Henry VII 
 ern outline. 
 r 1. John's Trouble. 
 Mag-na Charta — 
 1216. 
 -^ 3. House of Commons 
 14th century. 
 4. Earl Simon de 
 Mont fort. 
 
 2. Conquest of Ireland un- 
 
 der Henry II. 
 
 3. Conquest of Wales by 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 4. Conquest of [ 1. Wallace 
 Scotland by -| 2. Bruce. 
 
 . Edward HI. [3. Effect. 
 
 a. Founder of the House of Tudors. 
 
 House of 
 Lancaster 
 
 -See mod- 
 
 p ^ 
 
50 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERi^L HISTORY 
 
 IX. Rise 
 OF Mod- 
 ern Na- 
 tions. — 
 Cont'd, 
 
 X. 
 
 Civili- 
 zation. 
 
 be I 
 
 Reli- 
 ofion. 
 
 5. Hundred Years War^ 
 (see p. 45. 
 
 6. War of the Roses, (see 
 5. The I O p. 45.) 
 
 Plan--j i_ - 7. Founding- of the Tudor 
 tag-e- j ^ Line of Sovereig-ns. 
 
 nets. I g 8. Piscoveries and Ex- 
 Con'd. > plorations. 
 
 ^ j 1. The Cabots, (1497) 
 
 ^T L (2. Drake, (1569-1579.) 
 
 1. Roman Catholic. 
 
 2. Greek. , 
 
 3. i 1. Albig-enses. 
 rs -< 2. Hug-uenots, 
 
 [ ( etc. 
 
 2. Characteristic features of each. 
 
 Forms. -{ Othei 
 
 2. Liter 
 ature 
 
 1. In 
 France. 
 
 J 
 
 Art. 
 
 1. Troubadours and 
 Trouveurs. 
 
 2. Froissart's Chron- 
 ic icie— 1337-1410.["Cid." 
 
 In Spain — Romances of the 
 In n.The"Neibe- 
 
 Ger- -I lunzelied" 
 
 many. ( 2. The Minnesing-ers. 
 j 11. Father of 
 
 j 1. Chau- 1 Poetry. 
 
 j cer — ■] 
 ] 1328- I 2. Canter- 
 
 1400 1 bury Tales. 
 2. Wycliffe translates the 
 Bible— 1380. 
 f 1. Leonardo Vinci — 1415-1459. 
 I 2. Michael Ang-elo, Artist — 
 
 1472-1564. 
 I 3. Raphael— 1483-1520. 
 [ 4. Titian— 1477-1576. 
 
 In 
 
 Eng- 
 land. 
 
 All 
 in 
 
 Ita- 
 ly- 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 51 
 
 X. ClVILI- 
 ZATION.- 
 
 Cont'd. 
 
 X. Civili- 
 zation. — 
 Cont'd, 
 
 Noted 
 for 
 
 10 
 
 Monasticism. 
 
 Rise of Papacy. 
 
 ^ -I T M. Pag-e. 
 
 i^ eudalism. K, o *=• 
 
 ^1-1 < 2. Squire. 
 
 Chivalry. ) ^ r^ ■ - j. 
 
 ■^ { 3. Knig-nt. 
 
 The Tournament. 
 
 1. Relapse into Ig^norance. 
 
 2. Extravagance in dress. 
 
 3. Royal Entertainments. 
 
 4. Serving- Foreig-n Delicacies. 
 
 5. Costly Tableware, but had no 
 knives and forks. 
 
 6. Severely punishing- for mild 
 offenses. 
 
 1. Rog-er Bacon makes known 
 the use of Gunpow^der. 
 
 2. Gutenburg- invents printing- 
 in 1456. 
 
 Caxton's typog-raphic print- 
 ing- in Eng-land at West- 
 minster— 1460-1491. 
 
 General effect on history. 
 
 Inven- 
 tions 
 
 3. 
 
 4. 
 
52 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 XI. — Great Men. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Character 
 
 
 No. 
 
 II 
 
 Names. 
 
 Chief Work. 
 
 or 
 Profession. 
 
 Language. 
 
 1 
 
 6th 
 
 St. Augustine 
 
 Founder of Order of 
 
 
 
 
 
 Belisarius 
 
 Monks 
 
 Author and 
 teacher 
 
 Latin. 
 
 2 
 
 Fought the Barbari- 
 
 
 
 
 St. Benedict... 
 
 ans 
 
 General of 
 
 Justinian 
 
 
 3 
 
 Founded an Order 
 
 
 
 
 
 of Monks 
 
 Preacher 
 
 Latin. 
 
 4 
 
 
 Boethius 
 
 Theology and Phil- 
 osophy 
 
 and Author 
 Translator.. 
 
 Latin. 
 
 =; 
 
 
 Clovius 
 
 King of the Franks.. 
 
 Ruler 
 
 Latin and 
 
 
 
 Gothic. 
 
 6 
 
 
 Justinian 
 
 Emp. of Byzantium. iRuler 
 
 Latin. 
 
 7 
 
 
 Theodoric. . . . 
 
 Emp. Western Em- 
 
 
 
 
 Trebonian.. . . 
 
 pire 
 
 Cpdes. Pandects and 
 
 Ruler 
 
 Latin and 
 
 8 
 
 
 Gothic. 
 
 
 
 
 Institutes Law-g-i ver 
 
 
 9 
 
 7th 
 
 Caedmon 
 
 Paraphrase of !of Justinian 
 Scriptures 'Poet 
 
 Latin. 
 English. 
 
 10 
 
 
 Mohammed. ... 
 
 Founds a new reli- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ligion 
 
 Preacher 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 Omar 
 
 Translates into 
 Greek, Latin and 
 
 and teacher 
 Preacher 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 
 8th 
 
 Alcuin 
 
 Eng'lish 
 
 and Ruler. 
 Author and 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 12 
 
 Philosophv and 
 
 
 
 
 
 Theology 
 
 Scholar. .. 
 
 Latin. 
 
 13 
 
 
 "The Vener- 
 
 Translation of Bible!Historian 
 
 Latin and 
 
 
 
 able" Bede. 
 
 and author 
 
 English. 
 
 14 
 
 
 Charlemag-ne. 
 
 King of the Franks.. General and 
 
 Latin and 
 
 15 
 
 
 Charles Mar- 
 tel 
 
 Stopped Moham- 
 medans 
 
 Ruler 
 
 French, 
 
 
 
 
 General 
 
 French (?) 
 
 16 
 
 
 Dung-al 
 
 Lectured in Paris... 
 ' 'W^ife's Complaint' ' 
 
 Teacher 
 
 Poet 
 
 Latin. 
 
 17 
 
 Cynewulf 
 
 English. 
 
 18 
 
 
 Haroun-al- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Raschid 
 
 Mohaminedan Ruler 
 
 Author 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 19 
 
 
 Geber 
 
 Translations 
 
 Chemist and 
 
 Arabic and 
 
 20 
 
 9th 
 
 Alfred the 
 
 
 Doctor 
 
 English. 
 
 
 
 Great 
 
 King of England... . 
 
 Author, His- 
 
 English. 
 
 21 
 
 
 Al Mamun 
 
 A Mohammedan Au- 
 
 torian, &c. 
 
 
 
 
 
 thor 
 
 Translator.. 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 22 
 
 
 Asser 
 
 Philosophy, etc.... 
 
 Author 
 
 Ara. & Lat. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 
 Character 
 
 
 No. 
 
 c ^ 
 
 Names. 
 
 Chief Work. 
 
 or 
 
 Language. 
 
 
 0-3 
 
 
 
 Profession. 
 
 
 23 
 
 lOth 
 
 Hug-h Capet... 
 
 Founder of French 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Monarchy 
 
 Conqueror of Ger- 
 many 
 
 King 
 
 French. 
 
 24 
 
 
 Otto I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 King 
 
 German. 
 
 ''S 
 
 
 Rollo 
 
 Conquers Norman- 
 dy 
 
 General and 
 
 Norse, 
 
 
 
 
 
 11th 
 
 Albucasis. . . . 
 
 Anatomy and Phys- 
 
 King 
 
 French 
 
 26 
 
 
 and Latin. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Translator. 
 
 Arabic and 
 
 
 
 Latin. 
 
 27 
 
 
 Anselm 
 
 Scholastic Works... 
 
 Author 
 
 Latin. 
 
 28 
 
 
 Hildebrand ... 
 
 Becomes Pope 
 
 Spiritual 
 Teacher 
 
 Latin. 
 
 29 
 
 
 William I 
 
 Conqueror of Eng- 
 
 General and 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 Peter the Her- 
 
 land 
 
 King" 
 
 Norman and 
 
 
 12th 
 
 mit 
 
 Preached the Cru- 
 sades 
 
 Preacher 
 and Monk.. 
 
 French. 
 
 
 Abelard 
 
 Latin. 
 
 31 
 
 Taught at Paris- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Heretic 
 
 I'eacher and 
 Author 
 
 Latin. 
 
 32 
 
 
 Aber Ezra.... 
 
 Work on Scriptures 
 
 Author and 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 Averroes (of 
 Cordova) .... 
 
 Languages and 
 
 lYanslator. 
 
 Hebrew. 
 
 34 
 
 
 Thomas, a 
 Becket 
 
 Mathematics 
 
 Disagreement with 
 Henry II., Chan- 
 
 Author 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 
 
 
 cellor of England. 
 
 Author 
 
 English and 
 
 35 
 
 
 Frederick "| 
 
 
 
 Latin. 
 
 
 
 Barbarasa 
 
 Of Germany 
 
 Great Cru- 
 
 German. 
 
 ^6 
 
 
 Godfrey of 
 Bouillon 
 
 France and 
 
 sader and 
 
 French. 
 
 
 
 England 
 
 Ruler 
 
 English. 
 
 37 
 
 
 Richard I. 
 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 
 Saladin 
 
 Founds Mohamme- 
 
 Ruler and 
 
 
 39 
 
 13th 
 
 Albertus 
 
 dan Dynasty 
 
 General 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 
 
 Magnus 
 
 Natural Science 
 
 Author and 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 Alfonso, the 
 
 
 Teacher. ... 
 
 Latfn. 
 
 
 
 Wise 
 
 Translates Bible in- 
 to Spanish'. 
 
 Author 
 
 
 
 
 Latin and 
 
 41 
 
 
 Roger Bacon. 
 
 Invents Telescope 
 and Gunpowder, 
 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 
 
 
 &c 
 
 Inventor 
 
 Latin. 
 
54 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 
 
 
 
 (character 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 Names. 
 
 Chief Works. 
 
 or 
 Profession. 
 
 Language. 
 
 42 
 
 
 Edward I,... . 
 (of Eng-.) 
 
 Eng. Laws, History 
 of Chronicles — 
 Wales Constitu- 
 
 Ruler and 
 
 
 43 
 
 
 Stephen 
 
 tion 
 
 Author 
 
 English. 
 
 
 
 Langton 
 
 "Magna Charta'". . 
 
 Author.. 
 
 English. 
 
 44 
 
 
 St. Louis .... 
 
 French Law from 
 Roman 
 
 Ruler and 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 Peter de Cres- 
 
 
 Author 
 
 French. 
 
 
 
 cenzi 
 
 Botany 
 
 Author 
 
 English and 
 
 
 
 
 
 Italian. 
 
 46 
 
 
 Marco Polo... 
 
 Book of Travels 
 
 Traveler. . . 
 
 French and 
 Italian. . 
 
 47 
 
 14th 
 
 Boccaccio 
 
 "Decameron" 
 
 Author 
 
 Italian. 
 
 48 
 
 
 Robert Bruce. 
 
 Scottish Warrior.... 
 
 General 
 
 Scotch. 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 "Canterbury tales'" 
 
 Poet..'. 
 
 English. 
 
 SO 
 
 
 Dante, (Ali- 
 
 
 
 
 
 g-hieri) 
 
 "Inferno" 
 
 Author 
 
 Italian. 
 
 51 
 
 
 Froissart 
 
 Chronicles of Eng. 
 and French His- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tory 
 
 Historian ... 
 
 French. 
 
 S-?, 
 
 
 Giotto 
 
 Author of Bell Tow- 
 er at Florence ... 
 
 Architect.... 
 
 
 
 
 Italian. 
 
 53 
 
 
 Sir Jn^. Man- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 deville 
 
 Book of Travels . . 
 
 Author 
 
 Latin, Eng. 
 
 54 
 
 
 Rienzi 
 
 (Coladi.). ... 
 
 Last of the Tri- 
 bunes 
 
 Leader and 
 Patriot. . . 
 
 French, 
 Italian. 
 
 55 
 
 
 Wat Tyler.... 
 
 Opposed Absolutism 
 
 General 
 
 English. 
 
 56 
 
 
 Sir Wm. Wal- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 lace 
 
 Scotch Patriot 
 
 Author and 
 General 
 
 
 
 
 Eng-lish. 
 
 57 
 
 
 John Wycliffe 
 
 Translates Bible. . . 
 
 Author 
 
 English. 
 
 58 
 
 15th 
 
 Pius II 
 
 Mathematics 
 
 Pope and 
 Author 
 
 Latin. 
 
 59 
 
 
 Buenelschi. ... 
 
 Author of the Dome 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wm. Caxton.. 
 
 of Rome 
 
 Architect.... 
 
 Latin. 
 
 60 
 
 First Printing in 
 
 
 
 
 
 England 
 
 Inventor & 
 Printer 
 
 
 
 
 English. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 
 Character 
 
 
 No. 
 
 d ^ 
 
 Names. 
 
 Chief Work. 
 
 or 
 
 Language. 
 
 
 0-2 
 
 
 
 Profession. 
 
 
 61 
 
 ISth 
 
 Cusamus 
 
 Law and Theories 
 Fore-runner of Co- 
 pernicus 
 
 Lawyer and 
 Astronomer 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Latin. 
 
 62 
 
 
 Donatello 
 
 "Judith holding the 
 Head of Holofer- 
 ness 
 
 Carver and 
 Sculptor ... 
 
 Latin. 
 
 63 
 
 
 G-utenburg- 
 
 Printing by Movable 
 Tvues. .' 
 
 Inventor & 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Printer 
 
 German. 
 
 64 
 65 
 
 
 John Huss.. ) 
 
 Jerome of > 
 
 Prague. .. ) 
 
 Followers of Wy- 
 cliffe 
 
 Authors ] 
 and Re- ^ 
 formers.. ) 
 
 Latin and 
 Bohemian. 
 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 
 Joan of Arc . . 
 
 The Peasant Girl 
 who led French 
 
 
 
 
 
 *Savonarola. . 
 
 Armies 
 
 Leader 
 
 Monk and 
 
 French. 
 
 67 
 
 Catholic Reformer.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Author .... 
 
 Italian. 
 
 68 
 
 
 *Van Enycks. 
 
 Originator of Paint- 
 ing in Oils 
 
 Great Pain- 
 
 
 
 
 *Lorenzode 
 
 
 ter 
 
 Italian. 
 
 69 
 
 
 
 
 
 Medici 
 
 Founds Schools and 
 Libraries 
 
 Statesman 
 and Patron 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of Arts .... 
 
 Latin. 
 
 70 
 
 
 *Columbus 
 
 Discovers America.. 
 
 Explorer & 
 Navigator.. 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 71 
 
 
 *John Cabot... 
 
 Discovers N. A 
 
 Sailor 
 
 English. 
 
 72 
 
 
 *Waldsee 
 Muller 
 
 Names America in 
 Honor of Vespucci 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Amerigo.) 
 
 Geographer 
 
 German. 
 
 *A11 Born in Italy. 
 
56 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 CKapter XII* — TQoderK tjfstor/. 
 
 I. Events 
 
 OF THE 
 
 16th Cen- 
 tury. 
 
 f 
 
 o 
 
 
 ( 1. Charles VIII.— 1483-1498. 
 
 1. Rulers -( 2. Louis XL— 1498-1515. 
 
 ( 3. Francis I.— 1515-1547. 
 
 2. Object of Invasions. 
 
 Battles. 
 
 1. 
 
 i 2 
 
 I 4. 
 
 I 5. 
 
 16. 
 
 r 
 
 4. Leaarues. -I 
 
 Fornovo. 
 
 Naples. 
 
 Venice. 
 
 Milan. 
 
 Of the Spurs. 
 
 Marig-nano. 
 
 1. First Leag-ue. 
 
 2. League of Cambray. 
 
 3. Holy Leag-ue. 
 
 4. Leagfue of Malines. 
 
 5. Results. 
 Charles V. and Reformation. 
 Rise of the Dutch Republic. 
 Civil and Relig^ious War of France. 
 Enofland under the Tudors. 
 
 II. Events ( 1. 
 
 on the 17th < 2. 
 
 Century. ( 3. 
 
 The Thirty Years War. 
 Monarchy in France. 
 Engfland under the Stuarts. 
 
 III. Events j 1. Peter the Great and Charles XII. 
 
 of the I 2. Rise of Prussia. [wick. 
 
 18th "l 3. Eng-land under Hanover, (House of Bruns- 
 
 Century. [ 4. The French Revolution. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Events of 
 
 THE 19th 
 
 Century. 
 
 1. French Revolution and France. 
 
 2. Eng-land under House of Brunsv^ick. 
 
 3. Other Modern Nations. 
 
 V. Great Men of Centuries. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 57 
 
 CKapter XIIL- 
 
 1. Gene- 
 alogy. 
 
 2. His 
 Rivals 
 
 (2) Charles 
 
 V. AND 
 
 THE Re- 
 forma- 
 tion — 15- 
 17-60. 
 
 — TKe ReformatfoR. 
 
 Son of Philip, the Handsome. 
 Grandson of Maximilian I. and 
 
 Ferdinand and Isabella. 
 Francis I. of France. 
 Henry VHI. of England. 
 Solyman, the Magnificent 
 
 Turkey, 
 j 1. His Theses. 
 - 2. Edict of the Pope. 
 ( 3. Diet of Worms — 1521. 
 The First I'rotestants — 1529. 
 
 1. Spires. 
 
 2. Auo'sburg. 
 
 of 
 
 I 
 
 Luther. — 
 
 14S3-1546. 
 
 Diets of 
 
 The first V/ar 
 aga i n s t F r an c i s 
 1521-26. 
 Second War 
 
 1. 
 
 against I' rancis- 
 1527-29. 
 
 Battle of Pavia — 
 -\ 1525. 
 
 ( 2. Treaty of Madrid. 
 1 1. Imperial army in 
 < Rome. 
 
 ( 2. Ladies' Peace — 1529 
 1 1. Solyman aids Fran- 
 Third Vvar I cis. 
 ag-ainst Francis — J, 2. Turks in Hungary 
 1536-28 . I and Tunis. 
 
 I 3. Treaty of Nice- -1538 
 1. Treaty of Crespy — 1544. 
 ( 2. Results. 
 L Smalcaldic League — 1531. 
 
 2. Charles' Triumph — 1547, 
 
 3. Revolt of Maurice. 
 
 4. Treaty of Passau — 1552. 
 
 5. His abdication of the throne 
 —1556. 
 
 6. St. Quentin — 1557. 
 
 I 7. Treaty of Cateau-Cam- 
 [ bresis — 1559. 
 
 His character. 
 
 Fourth War 
 —1542 44. 
 
 10. His Pro- 
 testant 
 Wars — 
 1531-60. 
 
 11 
 
58 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 (3) Rise of 
 THE Dutch 
 Republic— 
 1568-1609.' 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 G 
 O 
 
 > 
 ro 
 
 4. Its 
 Devel- 
 op- 
 ment. 
 
 Chaptet XIV.— DutcK Repablfc* 
 
 1. Position of the ( 1. On the North Sea. 
 Netherlands. ] 2. As large as Ohio. (?)* 
 
 2. Queen Margaret's Persecutions of the 
 Heretics. 
 
 1. Don John. 
 
 2. Duke of Alva. 
 
 1. Spanish. -] 3. Requesens. 
 I 4. Valdez. 
 [ 5. Duke of Parma. 
 
 1. Egmond. 
 
 2. Horn. 
 
 2. Dutch J 3. Maurice of Nassau. 
 
 4. Sir Philip Sidney. 
 
 5. William the Silent. 
 
 1. Pacihcation of Ghent — 1577. 
 
 2. Jealousy of the sections. 
 
 3. Union of Utrecht — 1579. 
 
 4. The Ban and Apology. 
 
 5. Assassination of William — ^1584. 
 
 6. England aids the Dutch. 
 
 7. Treaty of 1609. 
 
 1. The Fields like Gardens. 
 
 2. Afterwards aids England. 
 
 3. Advanced as Spain declined. 
 
 4. Their Industry and Intelligence. 
 
 CKapter XY. — Wars of France. 
 
 ' 1. Persecution of the Huguenots. 
 (4) Civil 1. Cath- ( 1. Catharine de Medici. 
 
 andReli- f olics. I 2. The Guises. 
 
 Gious Wars-] 2. Lead- f 1. Henry Bourbon of 
 
 of France ers. [2. Pro- 
 
 —1562-1610 testants. 
 
 Navarre. 
 
 2. Prince Conde. 
 
 3. Admiral Coligny. 
 
 *?. At one time they were about this size, but now onlj' as large as W. Va. i. e. 
 Holland and Belg-ium taken tosrether. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 59 
 
 (4) Civil 
 AND Re- 
 ligious 
 Wars of 
 France— 
 1562-1610 
 Cont'd. 
 
 Events 
 
 4. King- 
 Henry 
 IV. 
 
 5. The 
 
 for 
 
 1. Vassv. 
 
 2. Treaty of St. Germain— 1570. 
 
 3. The marriag-e settlement — 1572. 
 
 4. Massacre of St. Bartholomew — 
 
 Aug-. 23, 1572. 
 
 5. Renewal of the War. 
 
 6. Henry's Victory at Ivry — 1590. 
 
 7. Result. 
 
 1. Crowned in 1594. 
 
 2. His chang-e of Faith. 
 
 3. Relig-ious Toleration. 
 ■i 4. Edictof Nantes— 1598 
 
 ! 5. His assassination — 1610. 
 
 [ 6. Remarks on character, 
 unsettled Feeling-s only smothered 
 a time. 
 
 CKapter X¥L — ER^laiid Under tKe Tudors. 
 
 t^ r Henrv VH. of Lancaster, married Elizabeth of 
 ^ ^ I ^ York— 1485-1509. 
 
 •r <v 
 o <v 
 
 U 
 
 Marg-aret, m. James 
 IV. of Scotland. 
 
 Henry VIII. 1509-1547. 
 
 I *EdwardVI. fMary. ifElizabeth. 
 
 James V. of Scotland (1547-1553) (1553-1358) (1558-1603] 
 
 Mary, Queen of Scots. 
 James VI. 
 
 *Soii of Jane Sej-mour. tCaug-hter of Catharine, married Philip of Spain. 
 tDaug-hter of Anne Boleyn. 
 
60 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 2. Henry -{ 
 VIII 
 
 Events 
 of Other J 
 Reiarns 
 
 The Be- - 
 
 headings 
 
 of 
 
 . His 
 
 Wives. 
 
 1. His aid soug-ht by Charles V. and Fran- 
 
 cis— 1558-1603. 
 
 2. Battle of Flodden Field (Spurs.) 
 
 1. Six articles of Faith. 
 
 3. Revolt ag-ainst J 2. Chang-e in Creed. 
 
 Rome. 3. Benevolences. 
 
 [4. "Morton's Fork." 
 
 4. Lollards. 
 
 ( 1. Colet. 
 
 5. Leaders. -< 2. Erasmus. 
 ( 3. More. 
 
 Catharine of Arag"on. 
 Anne Boleyn. 
 Jane Seymour. 
 Anne of Cleves. 
 Catharine Howard. 
 
 [ 6. Catharine Parr. 
 Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, [ans. 
 Persecution of Puritans and Presbyteri- 
 Mary, Queen of Scots. 
 Eng-iish lose Calais in reig-n of Mary. 
 The Invincible Armada defeated in the 
 reig-n of Elizabeth, 1588. 
 
 6. Maritime and Colonial Enterprises. 
 
 7. Elizabeth's Favorites. 
 
 g. The Aug-ustan Ag-e of u Literature. 
 
 1. Cranmer. 
 
 2. Cromw^ell. 
 
 3. More. 
 
 4. Wolsey. 
 
 5. Fisher. 
 
 6. Mary, Queen of Scots. 
 
 7. Earl of Leicester. 
 
 8. Earl of Essex. 
 
 9. Lady Jane Grey. 
 10. And others. 
 
 5. Eng-land's Position in the World. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 61 
 
 Chapter X¥IL— TKe TKfrt/ Years War. 
 I6I8-I648 
 
 1. Causes. - 
 
 1. Catholics. 
 
 ^ 3. 
 4. 
 
 2. Leaders. - 
 
 3. Periods 
 of the 
 War. 
 
 4. Import- 
 ant Bat- 
 tles. 
 
 5. Treat}^ of 
 
 6. Results. 
 
 Troubles in Bohemia. 
 
 Growing- hatred between Protestants and 
 
 Catholics. 
 A dislike for the Emperor. 
 Destruction of Churches, etc. 
 
 j 1. Ferdinand, Emperor. 
 Wallenstein. 
 Tilly. 
 Peppenheim. 
 
 1. Frederick,the Palatinate. 
 
 2. Gustavus Adolphus, 
 (King- of Sweden.) 
 
 3. Bernard of Weimar, 
 (Swede.) 
 
 4. Conde and Turenne, 
 (French.) 
 
 Bohemian Period — 1618-23. [beck. 
 
 Danish Period— 1625-29— Peace of Lu- 
 
 Swedish Period— 1630— 35. 
 
 French Period— 1635-48. 
 
 Madgeburg". f - t^ • , 
 
 *= ^ '5. Frieburg-. 
 
 6. Nordlingen- 
 
 7. Lens. 
 
 2. Protestants 
 
 -1634. 
 
 Leipsic — 1631. 
 
 3. Lutzen— 1632. 
 
 4. Rocroi. 
 
 Westphalia— 1648. 
 
 1. Amnestj^ to Political Offenders. 
 
 2. Catholics and Protestants no long-er have 
 Ecclesiastical rig-hts over each other. 
 
 Each Prince sovereig-nin his own province. 
 Switzerland and the Dutch Republic rec- 
 
 og-nized as Independent. 
 Sweden g-ets territor}^ on the Baltic. 
 France g-ets Alsace. 
 Brandenburg-'s territory increased. 
 
62 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 Chapter XVIIL— TKe TQoKarcK/ tr France, 
 rl610-]7150 
 
 The Mon- 
 archy IN 
 France — 
 1610-1715 
 
 1. Ag-e of 
 Richilieu 
 
 —1622- 
 42. 
 
 
 1. Louis XIII, King-— 1610-43. 
 
 2. Rochelle. 
 
 3. Nobles humbled. 
 
 4. Part of France in 30 yrs.War 
 
 5. Object of Richilieu. 
 
 6. Result. 
 
 1. Peace of Pyrennes — 1659. 
 
 I 1. Mazarin— 1643-61. 
 
 2. His Minis- ! 2. Colbert, 
 ters. j 3. Louvois. 
 
 [ 4. Luxembourg-. 
 
 1 .With Flanders— 1667-68. Trea- 
 ty of Aix-la Chapelle. 
 2. With Hoi- i 1. Triple Alliance. 
 
 
 land— 1672-^ 
 ■ 79. ( 2. 
 
 3*. Of the Pala- ( 
 tinate— 1688-^ 
 97. ( 
 
 4t. Spanish Suc- 
 cession — 1701- ■ 
 14. 
 
 Treaty Nimeg-uen 
 
 1. Holy Alliance. 
 
 2. Peace Rvswick. 
 [ 1. Treaty of 
 
 Utrecht. 
 2. Radstadt. 
 
 Gener- 
 als. 
 
 1. French. 
 
 i 7 
 
 Dutch 
 and 
 Eng-lish. 
 
 fL 
 
 Turenne. 
 
 Conde. 
 
 Luxembourg-. 
 
 Vauban. 
 William of 
 
 Orang-e. 
 Marlboroug-h. 
 Euofene. 
 
 *Called in this country, "King- William's War.' 
 tOur "Queen Aune's War." 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 63 
 
 2. Ag-e of 
 Louis 
 XIV— 
 1643- 
 1715.— 
 Cont'd. 
 
 1. Fleurus. 
 
 2. Stein kirk. 
 
 3. Neerwiuden 
 
 5. Battles-- 4. Blenheim.' 
 
 5. Ramiilies. 
 
 6. Oudenarde. 
 
 7. Malplaquet. J 
 
 6. His misfortunes and Death — Sept. 1, 1715. 
 
 1 
 
 Eng-lish 
 r Victories. 
 
 3. The Aug-ustan age of Literature in Finance. 
 
 4. The Court at Versailles. 
 
 CKapter XIX, — ER^laixd ander the Stuarts* 
 
 1. Table of Rulers showing Genealogy, (see p. 59.) 
 
 James VI of Scotland becomes James I, of En.g^land, (1603-1625. 
 
 Charles I. (m Henrietta Maria, of 
 France) (1625-1649.) 
 
 Elizabeth (m. Frederick of 
 Palatine.) 
 
 Charles II. (1660-1685 
 
 James IT. (1685-1689.) Sophia, (m. Elec- 
 tor of Hanover.) 
 
 Mary m. William (of Orane^e) ITI Anne (1702-1715. ( George I. 
 (1689-1694.) (1689-1702.) 
 
 1. The Gunpowder Plot — 
 1605. 
 
 2. Rise of Parliament — 
 1610-40, 
 
 3. His EVoreign Policy. 
 
 4. His Character. 
 
 2. Reign of James I. 
 
64 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 3. Reig"nof 
 Charles I 
 
 1. The Long- Pai-liament— 1640-53. 
 
 2. The Short Parliament. 
 j'l. "Divine Rig-ht' 
 
 . Causes j 
 
 3. Civil 
 AVar- 
 1642- 
 
 48. 
 
 of 
 
 King-s. 
 Trouble with Parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 1. He and his son. 
 
 2. Prince Rupert. 
 
 1. John Hampden. 
 
 2. Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 3. Ireton. 
 -p , ^. Edyeh ill— 1643. 
 
 "^^■-^ 2. Marston Moor— 1644. 
 ( 3. Xaseby— 1645. ' 
 I 4. Result. 
 His Fate and Character. 
 
 ri 
 
 1. King-. 
 
 2. Parli- 
 ament. 
 
 (1- 
 
 ties 
 
 4. The Com- 
 monwealth 
 —1649-60 
 
 1. Oliver Cromwell, Protector— 1649-60. 
 
 2. War in Ireland and Scotland. 
 
 3. Dunbar and Worcester. 
 
 4. War with Holland. 
 
 1 5. Presbyterians and Quakers. 
 I 6. Oliver's Death and Character. 
 1 7. His Successor. 
 [8. The Resforatioii~-16b0. 
 
 5. Charles H's Reiom - 
 
 1. The Reaction. 
 
 2. Plag-ue in London — 1665. 
 
 3. Great Fire— 1666- (200,000 
 pie destitute of homes.) 
 
 4. War with Holland. 
 
 5. Treat V of Dover in France- 
 1670"! 
 
 6. Rye House and other Plots. 
 
 7. The Test Act. 
 
 8. Whig-s and Tories. 
 
 6. James H's Reis^n and the Revolution. 
 
 peo- 
 
OUTLIXES OF GENERxlL HISTORY 
 
 65 
 
 f 1. The Bill of Rig-hts— 1689. 
 I 2. Battle of Boyiie in Eng-land. 
 
 7. William i 3. Jacobite Plots. 
 
 and Mary's-] 4. House of Commons Supreme. 
 Reiofn. 5. Eng-land aids the Palatinate in the War of 
 
 Louis XIV ag-ainst him. (see p. 62.) 
 6. His Death and Character — 1702. 
 f 1. War of the Spanish Succession — 1701-14. 
 
 8. Queen | 2. Union of England and Scotland — 1707. 
 Anne's -j 3. Marlborough's (John Churchill) Victories. 
 Reig-n | 4. The Last of the Stuarts. 
 
 [ 5. Her Character. 
 
 -Feter tKe Great and CKarles XII. 
 (1689-1725) 
 
 1. Sketch of Early History. 
 f 1. Ivaii the Terrible— 1533-84. 
 
 2. Past I 2. Feodor— 1 5S4-1598. 
 Rulers, "i 3. Michael Romanoff— 1613-89. 
 
 I 4*. Peter the Great— 1689-1725. 
 
 3. Its ( 1. In Western Asia and Eastern Europe 
 loca- -l 
 tion. ( 2. Occupies /^ of Europe and yi of Asia 
 
 1. As a boy. 2. In Western Europe 
 3. His Reforms. 4. His Character. 
 
 j' 1. Denmark. 
 
 I 1. As a boy. 2. 
 
 -J 2.- His Enemies. - - - -] 3. 
 
 3. His Death— 1718. | 4, 
 
 4. His Character. [ 5. 
 f 1. Cause — Russia's Greed for Territory. 
 ' c -D X ( 1- Narya — 1706. 
 
 2. Some Bat- j ^^ p^lto^va-l709. 
 ties. j 3_ Frederickshall— 1718. 
 
 3. Result. 
 
 *Notice that Wilfiam III, came to the throne in Eng-land at this time, that Louis 
 XIV began his War of the Palatinate, and we had our King William's War. 
 
 CKapter XX.- 
 
 1. Rise of 
 Russia 
 
 2. Peter the Great 
 
 Charles 
 XII of 
 Sweden. 
 
 Russia's 
 War with 
 Sweden. 
 
 Poland. 
 Russia. 
 Prussia. 
 Turks. 
 
66 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 5. Further additions of Territory. 
 
 6. Founding- of Petersburg-. 
 
 CKapter XXL— Rfse of Frassia*— 1640-1786, 
 
 Brandenburg and Frederick William— 1640-1749. 
 
 How the Elector procured the title of King. 
 
 Reign of Frederick William I. — 1713-40. 
 
 f 1. Sketch of his Life. 
 
 1. ^Austrian Sue- ( 1. Dettingen. 
 cession — 1740- < 2. Fontenoy. 
 48. 3. Result. 
 
 2. His 
 Wars 
 
 . Reign of i 
 Frederick ^ 
 the Great. 
 
 (1740-86.) 
 
 2. His 
 W'rks 
 
 *King Georg-e's War in U. S. 
 
 2. tThe 
 Seven 
 Years 
 War— 
 1756- 
 63. 
 
 1. Cause. 
 
 2. Allies 
 
 ag-ainst 
 
 him. 
 
 5. Im- 
 portant 
 Battles. 
 
 1. Austria. 
 
 2. Russia. 
 
 3. France. 
 
 4. Poland. 
 2. Saxony. 
 6. Sweden, 
 
 1. Rossback. 
 
 2. Leuthen. 
 
 3. Zorndorf. 
 
 4. Kolin. (d) 
 
 5. Kurners- 
 
 dorf. (d) 
 
 6. Leignitz. 
 
 7. Torsfau. 
 
 4. Peace of Paris. 
 
 5. Result. 
 
 3. His Government. 
 
 4. Anecdotes and Character. 
 
 tFrench and Indian War in U. S. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 67 
 
 CKapter XXIL — Eix^land lUder Ir^ouse of l^aiv^ 
 over. 17144820. 
 
 1. Table of Rulers— (See p. 63.) Georg-e L (1714-27.) 
 
 2. Reign of 
 
 the Three 
 
 Georsfes. 
 
 J 
 
 Georg-e IT.. (1727-60. 
 
 *Georg-e III. (1760-20.) 
 
 1. King-'s Loss of Influence. 
 
 2. Continental Affairs. 
 
 j 1. Old Pretender. 
 
 ■o , ■, < 2. Young- Pretender. 
 Pretenders ] ^ n- ^^ a 
 
 { 3. Culloden. 
 
 3. Their 
 Character 
 
 4. Eng-land 
 Humbled. 
 
 Wars of tht 
 
 4. The French and 
 Indian War — 1755- 
 63. 
 
 5. American Revolu- 
 tion — 1775-83. 
 
 6. Independence of 
 Ireland. 
 
 7. French Revolution, 
 
 1, 
 
 I ^' 
 
 14. 
 
 Braddock. 
 
 Wolfe. 
 
 Treaty of 1763. 
 Burg-ovne. 
 Cornwallis. 
 Paris, 1783. 
 Res'ult. 
 
 CKapter XXIIL — FreRcK Kevolattoiv aivd France. 
 
 L. Previous PlistorA'of \ 1. Louis XVI. 
 
 France since 1715. '{ 2. His Troubles. 
 
 1. Excessive Extravag-ance. 
 
 Excessive Taxes on the Peasants. 
 Burdensome Privileg-es of the Nobility. 
 Growing- Feeling- of the People. 
 The Influence of the American Revolu- 
 tion. 
 
 2. Causes of 
 the Revo- 
 lution. 
 
 The Writ- 
 ing's of 
 
 1. Voltaire. 
 
 2. Rousseau. 
 
 3. Corneille. 
 
 4. Raynal. 
 
 5. Heloctius. 
 
 *Grandson of Georg'e II. 
 
68 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 Periods 
 of the Re- 
 volution. 
 
 1. States General to 1789. ( 1. Paris mob. 
 
 2. National Assembly — ■< 
 
 1789-91. ' ( 2. The Bastile. 
 
 2. Th Leg-islative ( 1. Attack on Tuilleries. 
 Assem.blv— 1791- -{ 2. Battle of Valmy— 
 
 92. 
 
 4. The Na- 
 tional Con 
 vention — 
 
 1792-95. 
 
 n. 
 
 ( 1792. 
 
 1. Louis XVI beheaded— 1793 
 
 2. "-Reigii of Terror''^ — June 2, 
 1793- July 27, 1794. 
 
 3. Reactionary Period. 
 5. French Successes. 
 
 Napoleon Bonaparte at the Helm. 
 ' -p , (1. Lodi. 
 1--^^^- J2.Arcole. 
 ^^^® ( 3. Mantua. 
 
 2. Oppos- ( 1. Bealieu. 
 ing-Gen--< 2. Wurrnser. 
 erals. ( 3. Alvincy. 
 
 3. The Result. 
 
 4. His marriage. 
 1. Bat- ^ ^' ^vramids. 
 
 2. Italian 
 CaiP.paig'n 
 -1795-7. 
 
 3. Egyp- 
 tian Cam- 
 paign — 
 1798-9. 
 
 ties 
 
 2. Aboukir bay. 
 
 3. Aboukir(onland) 
 
 2. His Return. 
 
 3. Overthrows Directory. 
 
 4. Treatv of Campo-Formio 
 
 —1799. 
 
 3. Peri- 
 ods of 
 the ^ 
 Revo- 
 lution 
 
 fe. The 
 Consu- 
 late — 
 1799- 
 1804. 
 
 7. The 
 Empire 
 —1804- 
 15. 
 
 1. Second Itali- i 1. Marengo, [ville. 
 an campaign- -< 2. Treatv of Lune- 
 1799-01. ( 3. Result. 
 
 2. German Cam- i 1. llohenlinden. 
 paign — 1800- I 2. Treaty of Ami- 
 1802. ( ens." 
 
 1. Austrian Cam^paign \ 1. Ulm. 
 
 —1804-06. \2. Austerlitz. 
 
 I 2. Prussian Cam- \ 1. Jena. 
 [ paign — 1806. ] 2. Auerstadt. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 69 
 
 3. Peri- 
 ods of 
 the 
 Revo- 
 tion — 
 
 Cont'd. 
 
 7. The 
 
 Empire 
 
 —1804- 
 
 15.— 
 
 Cont'd. 
 
 8. The 
 100 
 
 Days in 
 France 
 
 9. Napo- 
 leon's 
 Return 
 —1815 
 
 3. Russian Cam 
 
 paig-n- 1807. 
 
 4. The Span- \ 
 
 isb Cam- -| 
 paign— 1808 [ 
 
 5. The 2d Aus- 
 trian Cam- 
 paio-n — 1SU9. 
 
 1. Eylau. 
 
 2. Fi-iedland. 
 
 3. Result. 
 1 4. Tilsis Treaty. 
 
 1. Continental System. 
 
 2. Berlin Decree. 
 
 3. Milan Decree. 
 ■ ( 1. Aspern. 
 
 -I 2. Wag-ram. 
 ( 3. PI is 2d marriag^e. 
 
 6. Second Spanish Cam paig-n-1 809-12 
 
 7. Second Russian \ \ Borodino. 
 
 Campaio-n-1812.1 :• ^''^'"''T'- 
 ^ [ o. Results. 
 
 Q Ar TT'.,-^-...^ r 1. Lutzen. 
 
 itArn.?^ 2. Bautzen, 
 
 in Arms — , o -r-. ^ 
 1812-14. i ^° Dresden. 
 
 [4, Leipsic. 
 9. Abdication of Napoleon to Elba. 
 10. Louis XVIII. placed on the Throne 
 
 1. Escape of Louis XVHL 
 
 2. To Arms ag-ain. 
 
 3. Cong'ress of Vienna. 
 
 4. Wat'erloo, (June 18, 1815.) 
 
 5. His Abdication to St. Helena. 
 
 6. His Death and Character. 
 
 4. The 
 
 Second 
 Restoration 
 —1815-48 
 
 ( 1. Louis XVni.— 1815-24. 
 
 1. King-s I 2. Charles X— 1824-30. 
 
 ( 3. Louis Philippe— 1830-48. 
 
 [ 1. Revolution of the 3 days of 
 
 2. J July— 1830. 
 
 Events "j 2. Dissensions and Party Strife. 
 3. Revolution of 1848. 
 
 5. Second Repub- 
 lic— 1848-52. 
 
 ( 1. The mobs of Paris — Louis leaves. 
 -< 2. Louis Napoleon becomes President 
 ( 2. Chamber of Deputies dissolved. 
 
70 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 { 1. Louis Napoleon becomes Napoleon III. 
 
 1. Ensfland and France aid 
 Turkey a2rainst Russia. 
 f 1. Alma. 
 
 2. Balaklava. 
 
 3. Inkerman. 
 1 4. Sabastopol. 
 
 of Paris. 
 
 2. His 
 Wars. 
 
 3. His 
 Impris- 
 onment 
 
 4. His 
 Char- 
 acter. 
 
 Crimean 
 War— 
 1853- 
 56. 
 
 ^ 2. Battles. -^, 
 
 ri. 
 
 c/p J 
 
 3. 
 
 j 3. Treat V 
 [ 4. Result. 
 France helps Italj^ ag-ainst Aus- 
 tria. 
 
 ( 1. Mag-enta. 
 / 2. Solferino. 
 Peace, Villa Franca. 
 Result. 
 
 [ 1. Sardinia gets Lombardy and 
 J Mod en a. 
 
 2. Battles. 
 
 I 
 
 2. France g-ets Nice and Savoy. 
 
 3. 9,000,000 free from Austria. 
 Mexican War — 185'). 
 
 1. Alsace-Lorraine. 
 
 2. Spanish Crown. 
 
 O CO 
 ^ r-i 
 
 CD 
 
 1. Causes 
 
 2. Lead- 
 ers. 
 
 3. Bat- 
 tles. 
 
 J -• 
 
 rnapoleon. 
 
 Bazane. 
 
 Bismarck. 
 
 French. 
 
 [ 4. Von Moltke | 
 
 1. AVeissenburg-. 
 
 2. Worth. 
 
 3. Courceiles. 
 
 4. Thionville. 
 
 5. Gravelotte. 
 
 6. Sedan. 
 
 7. Metz. 
 
 - German. 
 
 Peace. 
 Result. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 71 
 
 7. The 
 Third 
 Repub- 
 lic— 
 1871- 
 1897. 
 
 C/3 
 
 ;:t3 
 
 2 
 
 J. 
 
 6. 
 
 L7. 
 
 M. Thiers— 1871-73. 
 Marshal McMahon— 1873-79, 
 M. Grevy— 1879-87. 
 M.'Carnot— 1887-94. 
 M. Casimir-Perier— 1894-95. 
 M. Felix Faure— 1895 . 
 
 The Communists — 1871. 
 
 Growth of Education. 
 
 The War Debt of 5,000,000,000 francs, 
 
 promptly paid to Germany. 
 The Finances. 
 
 Assassination of Pres. Carnot — 1894. 
 Resig"nation Pres. Casimir-Perier — 1895. 
 National Growth since 1871. 
 
 8. Leaders and Generals of this Period, (see "p.") 
 
 CKapter XXIV— Eix^laivd Under i^oase of ^aivover 
 
 1. Genealog-y of 
 the Rulers. 
 
 Georg-e III. (see p. 63.) 
 
 Georg-e IV. William IV. Edward of Kent 
 
 (1820-30.) (1830-37.) | 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 (1837 .) 
 
 [ 1. Corn Laws. 
 
 -I -n^ J. £ rs TT7-? T> • I 2. Repeal of Test Act — 
 2. Events of Geo. IV's Reig-n. \ -j^g^g 
 
 [ 3. Fires and Famines. 
 ' 1. 1st Locomotive, Liverpool to Manchester 1830 
 
 2. First Reform Bill, 1832. 
 
 3. Emancipation Bill, 1833. 
 
 4. The Chartists and Revolution of 1848. 
 
 3. Reign 
 
 of Wil-^ 
 liam IV 
 
 ri. Marat. 5. Necker. 
 
 t „ J 2. Mirabeau. 6. Barras. 
 
 " 1 3. Dan ton. 7. Kellerman. 
 
 [4. Robespierre 8. Jourdan. 
 
 9. Massena. 13. Napoleon I. 17. Carnot. "l 
 
 10. Kleber. 14. Napoleon III 18. Faure. [ 
 
 11. Augrereau. 15. Bazaine. f 
 
 12. Ney. 16. Thiers. J 
 
72 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 > 
 
 1. Anti-Corn Law Leag^ue — 1839. 
 
 2. Cobden Free Trade Club. 
 
 3. Cheap Postage — 1840— Roland Hill. 
 
 4. First World's Fair at London^lSSl. 
 
 5. Crimean War (see France p. 70.) 
 
 6. Indian M unity — 1857. 
 
 7. Cotton Famine — 1860-65. 
 
 8. Reform Bill of 1867. 
 
 9. Com.pulsory School System — 1870. 
 
 10. Irish Land'Titles Arranged— 1870-71. 
 J 11. Religious Tests abolished in the Universities — 1871 
 
 12. Voting by Ballot introduced — 1872. 
 
 13. The Queen becomes Empress of India — 1876. 
 
 14. England checks Russia's greed for Constantinople 
 
 —1878. 
 
 15. Mahdi's Rebellion in Egypt— 1885. 
 
 16. Stanley in search of Dr. Livingston in Africa — 1888. 
 
 17. Free Education in Scotland — 1889. 
 
 18. Kindergarten and Manual Training School intro- 
 
 duced. 
 
 19. The Retirement of Gladstone — 1896. 
 
 20. The Venezuelan affair— 1896. 
 
 Chapter ^e^V- Other jviodern jHations. 
 
 I. Italy- 
 1815- 
 97. 
 
 2. Revolu- 
 tion of 
 1848. 
 
 1. Causes. - 
 
 Patri- 
 ots. 
 
 3. Battles. 
 
 L. The Carbonari. 
 
 2. Distance from 
 Vienna. 
 
 >. Want of Communi- 
 cation. 
 r 1^ Charles Albert of 
 J Sardinia. 
 
 I 2. Garibaldi. 
 [ 3. Victor Emmanuel. 
 
 \ 1. Novara. 
 
 ( 2. Rome. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 73 
 
 I. Italy 
 1815-97 
 
 II. Ger- 
 many— 
 1806-97 
 
 3. Assists Erig-lancl and France in the Crimean 
 
 War. 
 
 4. Revolution of 1858-9 (see France p. 70.) 
 
 5. Dawn of Freedom. 
 
 6. Victor f 
 
 1. Italy helps Prussia in 1866. 
 
 2. Gains Venice and Verona. 
 
 3. Gets Rome in 1870, and it is the 
 Capital. 
 
 Emman- 
 uel II be 
 comes 
 King- — 
 1861-78. 
 7. King- 
 Hum- 
 bert I. 
 1878. 
 
 States of the Church added. 
 The Pope now a Spiritual Power. 
 Troubles in Abyssinia. 
 Her Growth. 
 
 1. Holy Roman Empire ends 1806. 
 
 2. A Confederation of 39 States with Austria at 
 
 its head — 1815. 
 
 3. Prussia recovers the territory wrested from 
 
 her by Napoleon. 
 
 i 1. Russia. I 
 
 4. The Holy Alliance < 2. Austria. > 1815. 
 
 ( 3. Prussia. ) 
 
 5. The Zollverein— 1828. 
 
 1. Demand for Unity. 
 
 2. Berlin. 
 ( 1. Frederick Wm. IV. 
 
 2. Bismarck. 
 
 3. Kossuth. 
 
 \ 1. Ferdinand of Austria. 
 I 2. Metternich. 
 I 3. Francis Joseph. 
 [4. "The Hang-man." 
 
 Patriots 
 
 Opposing- 
 Leaders. 
 
 5. Result. 
 
 7. War with Den- 
 mark — 1864. 
 
 f 1. Prussia helps Aus- 
 j tria. 
 
 I 2. They take Schles- 
 [ wig--Holstein. 
 
74 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 II. Ger- 
 irjanv.- 
 1806-97 
 
 III. Rus 
 
 sia- 
 1801-97 
 
 1. Prussia against Austria. 
 
 2. Battle of Sadowa. 
 
 3. Peace of Prag^ue. 
 
 I 4. Result (Austria defeated.) 
 9. The North German Confederation. 
 i 1. William 1—1871-88. 
 
 2. Frederick— 1888. 
 
 3. William 11—1888 — . 
 
 1. Caprivi. 
 
 2. Bismarck. 
 
 12. iVustria Grants Reforms. 
 
 13. Francis Joseph becomes King of Hungary 
 
 —1867. 
 
 1. Rulers since \ 1. Catherine — 1725-62. 
 Peter the Great ] 2. Catherine 11—1762-96. 
 
 8. Seven weeks 
 War— 1866. 
 
 10. Emperors 
 
 11. Ministers. 
 
 2. Events 
 under 
 Alexan- 
 der I— 
 
 1801-25. 
 
 The Holy Alli- 
 ance of 
 
 I 
 
 — J 
 
 3. Reign of 
 Nicholas 
 
 1—1825-55 
 
 Russia, 
 Prussia and 
 Austria. 
 Trouble with the Liberals. 
 Conspiracies. 
 A Terrible Autocrat. 
 Aids Greece against Turkey in 
 
 1828. 
 Revolution in Poland— 1830. 
 Added to Russia - 1832. 
 Assists Austria to crush Hun- 
 gary in 1848. 
 6. The Crimean War, (see France) 
 Popular Reforms. 
 Emancipation of Slaves — 1858-63. 
 Rebellion in Poland — 1863. 
 *War with Turkey— 1877-78. 
 Treaty of Berlin and Results. 
 Siberian Exiles— 1879-80. 
 Assassination of the Czar — March 
 13, 1881. 
 
 Turkey loses Roumania, Servia, Montenegro and protection of Bulgaria in this war. 
 
 4. Reign 
 of Alex- 
 ander II 
 
 — 1855-r 
 81. 
 
 n. 
 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 
 5. 
 6. 
 7. 
 
AHOxsm avaaNao ao saNnxno 
 
 75 
 
 III. Rus- 
 sia — 
 1801-97 
 Cont'd. 
 
 IV. Less 
 Impor- 
 tant 
 Coun- 
 tries. 
 
 5. Alexander 
 III— 1881-85' 
 
 6. Nich- 
 olas II- 
 1895. 
 
 1. 
 
 9 
 
 I. The 
 
 Nether 
 lands. 
 
 ^ri. 
 
 T, 2. 
 
 -I 4. 
 
 1. Censorship of the Press. 
 
 2. His assassination — 1895. 
 
 3. Character. 
 ( 1. Better man than his Predeces- 
 ■< sor. 
 ( 2. Condition of the People. 
 
 Throw off the French Yoke— 1812 
 Belg-ium and Holland united — 1815 
 *Belg-ians Rebel in 1830. 
 Leopold made King- of Belg-ium and 
 William IV, King- of Holland. 
 I 5. Present Queen of Holland — Wil- 
 [ helmina. 
 
 Its Former Greatness. 
 
 Decline since the Battle of Lepanto 1571. 
 
 See Russia for events of 1821-56-78. 
 
 Arm enian massacres — 1895-96. 
 
 Revolts ag-ainst Turkej^ — 1821. 
 
 Marco Bozzaris, the patriot. 
 
 Allies of Greece. 
 
 Battle of Navarino — 1827. 
 
 Georg-ias I. of Denmark elected King-. 
 
 War with Turkey over Candia — 1897. 
 
 1. Glimpses of f 1. Rule of the Jemmu — 
 Early History J 660 B. C. 
 
 2. Treaty with '] 2. Buddhism— 600 B. C. 
 U. S.— 1854. [ 3. The Shog-un— 1192. 
 
 3. Revolution of 1868. 
 
 4. Restoration of the Mikado. 
 
 5. Conquered by the Portug-ese who were 
 expelled in the 16th Centurv — Iniiiience. 
 
 6. The Senate— 1875. 
 Other assemblies — 1879. 
 A Constitutional Monarchy, 
 Educational Prog-ress. 
 War with China— 1894-95. 
 
 11. The Result. 
 
 *Notice that numerous Revolutions occurred in 1820-1830-1848. 
 
 O 
 
 
 7. 
 
 8. 
 
 9. 
 
 10. 
 
76 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 IV. Less 
 Impor- 
 tant 
 Coun- 
 tries. 
 Cont'd. 
 
 CO 
 
 Revolution of 1820. 
 
 The Spanish obtain a written Constitu- 
 tion. 
 
 Loses Territory in Italy — 1848-59. 
 
 Loses South American countries and 
 Mexico— 1819-30. 
 
 Rebellion of Cuba and Phillipine Islands 
 —1896-98. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 77 
 
 CKapter XXVL— Great TQcr of CeRtunes- 
 
 16th 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 17th 
 
 Names. 
 
 Francis Bacon 
 
 Copernicus 
 
 Galileo 
 
 Thomas More 
 Hug-o Grotius 
 
 Michael An- 
 gelo (Buon- 
 arroti) 
 
 Raphael 
 
 Titian 
 
 Albert Durer. 
 
 Edmund 
 Spencer 
 
 Wm Shakes- 
 peare 
 
 Philip Sidney 
 
 Sir Walter 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Cervantes .... 
 Rabelais 
 
 Montaig-ne 
 
 Aristo 
 
 Tasso 
 
 Tyco Brahe... 
 
 Holbein 
 
 Hobbes 
 
 Chief Work or Mas- 
 terpieces. 
 
 "Novum Organum" 
 
 Rotation of the earth 
 "System of the 
 
 World" 
 
 "Utopia" 
 
 International Law. 
 
 Work on St. Peter's 
 Church 
 
 Decorates the Vati- 
 can 
 
 "The Assumption" 
 
 Inventor of Etching 
 
 and Wood Eng^ra- 
 
 ving- 
 
 "Faerie Oueene"... 
 "Hamlet" and 36 
 
 Dramas 
 
 "Arcadia" 
 
 "History of the 
 World" 
 
 "Don Quixote".... 
 
 "Life of Panta- 
 gf-ruel" 
 
 "Essays" 
 
 " O r 1 ando-Fur ioso " 
 
 ' 'Jerusalem Deliver- 
 ed 
 
 Discoveries in 
 
 Science 
 
 "Dance of Death"... 
 
 "Leviathan" 
 
 Character 
 
 or 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Author and 
 
 Scientist.. 
 
 Philosopher 
 
 Philosopher 
 
 Author 
 
 Lawyer and 
 Author 
 
 Sculptor 
 and Pain- 
 ter 
 
 Painter 
 
 Painter 
 
 Engraver 
 and Sculp- 
 tor 
 
 Poet 
 
 Poet 
 
 Poet and 
 
 Author 
 
 Author and 
 
 Courtier... 
 
 Author 
 
 Priest and 
 
 Avithor 
 
 Author 
 
 Poet 
 
 Poet 
 
 Astronomer. 
 
 Painter 
 
 Historian 
 and Phil- 
 osopher. . . 
 
 Lang-uage 
 
 or 
 Nationality. 
 
 Eng-lish. 
 Italian. 
 
 Greek. 
 English. 
 
 Latin. 
 
 Italian. . - 
 
 Italian. 
 Italian. 
 
 German. 
 
 English. 
 
 English. 
 
 English, 
 
 English. 
 Spanish. 
 
 French. 
 French. 
 German. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 Danish. 
 German. 
 
 English. 
 
78 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 
 fl ^' 
 
 
 Chief Work or Mas- 
 
 Character 
 
 Language 
 
 No. 
 
 Names. 
 
 
 or 
 
 or 
 
 
 
 
 terpieces. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Nationality. 
 
 22 
 
 17th 
 
 Isaac Newton 
 
 "Principia" 
 
 Scientist 
 and Ma- 
 themati- 
 cian 
 
 English. 
 
 23 
 
 
 Liebnitz 
 
 Philosophy. , . 
 
 Scientist. . . 
 
 German. 
 
 24 
 
 
 Rubens 
 
 "Descent of the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ci-oss. " 
 
 Painter 
 
 Dutch. 
 
 25 
 
 
 Vandyck. 
 
 Court Painter for 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Charles I 
 
 Painter. . . . 
 
 Dutch 
 
 26 
 
 
 Poussin 
 
 "The Last Supper" 
 
 Painter 
 
 French 
 
 27 
 
 
 B. E. Murillo 
 
 "The marriage of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Catharine". ... 
 
 Painter 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 28 
 
 
 Ben Johnson.. 
 
 "Every Man in His 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kepler 
 
 Humor" 
 
 Author 
 
 Philosopher 
 
 English. 
 German. 
 
 29 
 
 Laws of Motion 
 
 30 
 
 
 William Har- 
 
 Discovers the Circu- 
 
 
 
 
 
 vey 
 
 lation of the Blood 
 Philosophical W'ks 
 
 Physician... 
 Author.. 
 
 English. 
 
 31 
 
 Descartes .... 
 
 French. 
 
 32 
 
 
 *Duke of 
 Marlborough 
 (John 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Churchill... 
 
 ' 'Hero of Blenhem. ' ' 
 
 General 
 
 English 
 
 33 
 
 
 Corneille .... 
 John Milton. . 
 
 "Cid." 
 
 Poet 
 
 Epic Poet... 
 
 French. 
 
 34 
 
 "Paradise Lost.". . 
 
 English. 
 
 35 
 
 
 Jeremy 
 
 "Holy Living and 
 
 
 
 
 
 Taylor 
 
 La Fontaine... 
 
 Dying. " 
 
 Author 
 
 English. 
 
 36 
 
 
 "Fables" 
 
 Author 
 
 French. 
 
 37 
 
 
 Moeire. 
 
 Wrote Comedies 
 
 Dramatist... 
 
 French. 
 
 38 
 
 
 Bousset 
 
 Wrote Sermons 
 
 Orator and 
 Prea.cher. 
 
 French. 
 
 39 
 
 
 John Bunyan.. 
 
 "Pilgrim's Pro- 
 
 Preacher 
 
 
 
 
 John Dryden. 
 
 gress. " 
 
 and Author 
 Poet, etc. . . 
 
 English.' 
 
 40 
 
 "Religio Laici. ". ... 
 
 English. 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 
 Racine, } 
 Fenelon. f 
 
 "Telemaque. ".'.... 
 
 Author 
 
 French, 
 
 43 
 
 18th 
 
 Benjamin 
 
 Invents Lightning 
 
 Philosopher 
 
 
 
 
 Franklin... 
 
 Rod. Introduces 
 Newspapers 
 
 Printer, 
 Statesinan 
 
 American. 
 
 44 
 
 
 Linnaeus 
 
 Botany 
 
 Author 
 
 Swedish. 
 
 45 
 
 
 D'Alembert... 
 
 "Memoir of the In- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tegral Calculus." 
 
 Scientist . . . 
 
 French. 
 
 *Many important General's numes arc omitted in this table because they are more 
 properly treated in the outlines of the different wars. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 79 
 
 No. 
 
 a >> 
 
 Names. 
 
 Chief Work or Mas- 
 
 Cliaracter 
 or 
 
 Language 
 or 
 
 
 (^5 
 
 
 terpieces. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Nationality. 
 
 46 
 
 18th 
 
 John Hunter... 
 
 Works on Anatom.y. 
 
 Scientist . . . 
 
 Scotch. 
 
 47 
 
 
 Kant 
 
 Metaphysics 
 
 Philosopher 
 
 German. 
 
 48 
 
 
 Galvani 
 
 Invents Electric 
 
 Inventor 
 
 
 
 
 Sir Wm. 
 
 Battery 
 
 and Scien- 
 tist. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 
 Discovers the Plan- 
 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 
 
 Herschel 
 
 Adam Smith.. 
 
 et, Uvcintis 
 
 Astronomer 
 Author and 
 
 English. 
 
 50 
 
 "Wealth of Na- 
 
 
 
 
 Lavoisier 
 
 tions. "' 
 
 Scientist.. 
 Chemist. . . . 
 
 Scotch. 
 
 51 
 
 Ciiemistrj'... 
 
 French. 
 
 52 
 
 
 J. Bentham ... 
 
 "Utilitarianism. "... 
 
 Philosopher 
 
 Eng-lish. 
 
 53 
 
 
 La Place 
 
 "Mecaniqne Celes- 
 
 Philosopher 
 
 
 
 
 
 tia. " 
 
 and As- 
 tronomer . . 
 
 French. 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 Jonathan 
 
 "Gulliver's Trav- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Swift 
 
 Joseph Addi- 
 
 els." 
 
 Author 
 
 Editor and 
 
 English. 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 
 
 son 
 
 "The Soectator. ". . 
 
 Author 
 
 English. 
 
 56 
 
 
 Alexander 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pope 
 
 "Essaj" on Man. " . . 
 
 Poet 
 
 English. 
 
 57 
 
 
 Montesquieu.. 
 
 "L 'Esprit des 
 Lois." (The Spir- 
 
 Author and 
 
 
 
 
 Voltaire 
 
 it of Laws.) 
 
 Thinker. . . 
 Author and 
 
 French. 
 
 58 
 
 "Henriade" — 
 
 
 
 
 
 "Charles XII."... 
 
 Free. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 thinker. . . . 
 
 French. 
 
 5Q 
 
 
 Buffon 
 
 "HistoireNatu- 
 relle." 
 
 Author and 
 
 Scientist . . 
 
 Author 
 
 
 
 Fielding- 
 
 French. 
 
 60 
 
 "Tom Jones." 
 
 English. 
 
 61 
 
 
 Sam Johnson. 
 
 "Rasselas" — "Dic- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tionary" 
 
 Author 
 
 English. 
 
 62 
 
 
 David Hume.. 
 
 "History of Eng- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 land" 
 
 Historian . . 
 
 English. 
 
 63 
 
 
 Rousseau 
 
 "Emile" 
 
 Author and 
 Educator... 
 
 Swiss. 
 
 64 
 
 
 Oliver Gold- 
 
 "Vicar of Wake- 
 
 
 
 
 
 smith 
 
 field" 
 
 "Laocoon" 
 
 Author 
 
 Author 
 
 English. 
 
 65 
 
 G. E. Lessing 
 
 German. 
 
 66 
 
 
 Edmund 
 
 "Essjiy on Subl'.me 
 
 Orator and 
 
 
 
 
 Burke 
 
 and Beautiful". ... 
 
 Rhetorician 
 
 English. 
 
80 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 
 15th 
 
 Names. 
 
 Edward Gib- 
 bon 
 
 19th 
 
 Robert Burns. 
 
 J. C. F. Schil- 
 ler 
 
 Joshua Rej^- 
 nolds 
 
 Geo. F. Han- 
 del 
 
 Joseph Haydn 
 
 Benjamin 
 West 
 
 Joh ann Moz- 
 •art 
 
 Antonio Ca- 
 nova 
 
 James Brind- 
 ley 
 
 James Har- 
 e-raves 
 
 Chief Work or Mas- 
 terpieces. 
 
 "Rise and'Decfcne 
 of the Roman Em- 
 pire" 
 
 "Cotter's Saturday 
 Niffht" 
 
 "William Tell" 
 
 Pres. Royal Acade- 
 my :.; 
 
 "The Messiah" 
 
 "The Creation". . . . 
 
 Painter at Royal 
 Academy' 
 
 Character 
 
 or 
 Profession. 
 
 Historian . . 
 Poet 
 
 'Don Giovanni" 
 'Venus and Adon- 
 is" 
 
 Invents Queensware 
 
 Cotton manufacture. 
 Steam Enefine 
 
 Inventor. 
 
 Inventor. 
 Inventor. 
 
 Invents Canals 
 Spinning- Jennj 
 and Card Ma 
 chine 
 Josiah Wedge 
 
 wood 
 
 Richard Ark 
 
 wrig-ht. ... 
 
 James Watt.. 
 
 ■-Robert Ful 
 
 ton 
 
 Joseph Jac- 
 
 quard 
 
 George Wash 
 
 ington 
 
 Nicolo Paga 
 
 nini 
 
 Alex. M. Hum 
 
 bolt 
 
 fGeorges Cu 
 
 vier iNatural History 
 
 *Jaines Rumse}', of W. Va., is also said to t)e the inventor of the Steamboat. 
 tHe had an emminent brotlier scientist, Frederick. 
 
 Steamboat 
 
 Looms to Weave 
 Figures 
 
 Frees liis Countrj^.. 
 Celebrated Violinist 
 "Kosmos" 
 
 Poet 
 
 Artist and 
 
 Painter . . 
 Musica.1 
 
 Composer, 
 Musician 
 
 and Orator 
 
 Painter . . 
 M'asician. 
 Sculptor . 
 Inventor. .. 
 Inventor. .. 
 
 Inventor 
 
 Inventor.... 
 General 
 
 Musician. 
 Scientist 
 and Author 
 
 Scientist.. 
 
 Language. 
 
 or 
 Nationality. 
 
 English. 
 
 Scotch. 
 
 German. 
 
 English. 
 
 German. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 American. 
 
 German. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 English. 
 
 English. 
 
 English. 
 
 English. 
 Eng-lish. 
 
 American. 
 
 Frencli. 
 
 American. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 German. 
 
 Swiss. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 81 
 
 No. 
 
 r- >^ 
 
 Names. 
 
 Chief Work or Mas- 
 
 Character 
 or 
 
 Language 
 or 
 
 
 o5 
 
 19th 
 
 
 terpieces. 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Nationality. 
 
 87 
 
 Sir Humph- 
 
 Invents Safety 
 
 
 
 
 
 rey Davey. . 
 
 Matches for lamps 
 
 Inventor 
 
 English. 
 
 88 
 
 
 Francois D. 
 
 Discovers Diame- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Arago 
 
 ters of the Planets 
 
 Astronomer 
 
 
 
 
 
 — Polariscope 
 
 and Artist. 
 
 French. 
 
 89 
 
 
 SirY/m. Ham- 
 
 Metaphysical Wri- 
 
 Author and 
 
 
 
 
 ilton 
 
 ter 
 
 Philoso- 
 pher 
 
 English. 
 
 90 
 
 
 Michael Fara- 
 
 Physics and Pliil- 
 
 Author and 
 
 
 
 
 day 
 
 osophy 
 
 Philosophical 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 
 Aug-uste 
 
 
 
 
 
 Comte 
 
 Works 
 
 Author 
 
 Author and 
 
 
 92 
 
 Baron Liebig. 
 
 Physiolog-y 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Doctor 
 
 German. 
 
 93 
 
 
 U. J. J. Lever- 
 
 Discovers the plan- 
 
 
 
 
 
 rier 
 
 et Neptune. 
 
 Astronomer 
 
 French. 
 
 94 
 
 
 JohnTyndall. 
 
 "Water, Electricity 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Lig-ht. " 
 
 Philosopher 
 
 English. 
 
 95 
 
 
 L. J. R. Ag-as- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 siz 
 
 Na,tural Historj^ 
 
 
 
 96 
 
 
 Jno. W. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Goethe 
 
 J. P. Richter.. 
 
 "Faust." 
 
 Poet.. 
 
 Author and 
 Scientist. 
 
 
 97 
 
 Anatomy 
 
 
 
 
 German. 
 
 98 
 
 
 William 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wordsworth. 
 
 "The Excursion.". 
 
 Poet. 
 
 English. 
 
 99 
 
 
 Walter Scott. 
 
 "Ivanhoe" — 
 
 Novelist and 
 
 
 
 
 
 "Marmion. " 
 
 Poet 
 
 English. 
 
 100 
 
 
 Thomas 
 
 "Gertrude of Wyo- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Campbell... 
 lyord Byron. . 
 
 ming". " . 
 
 Poet., 
 
 English. 
 
 101 
 
 
 "Child Harold's 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pilg-rimag-e. ". . . . 
 
 Poet. 
 
 English. 
 
 102 
 
 
 S. T. Cole- 
 
 Essays, Poems, etc. 
 
 Poet and 
 
 
 
 
 ridg-e. ...... 
 
 
 Author 
 
 English. 
 
 103 
 
 
 Berang-er 
 
 Satires upon the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gout 
 
 Poet 
 
 Frencli. 
 
 104 
 
 F. P. G.Guizot 
 
 "History of Civili- 
 
 
 
 
 Thos. Carlyle 
 
 za.tion. " 
 
 Author 
 
 French. 
 
 105 
 
 "French Revolu- 
 
 
 
 
 1 tion." 
 
 Author English. 
 
 106 
 
 
 W.H. Prescott "Conquest of Mex- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ico. " 
 
 Historian ... 
 
 American, 
 
82 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 Names. 
 
 Chief AVork or Mas- 
 terpieces. 
 
 Character 
 
 or 
 Profession. 
 
 Lang-uage 
 or 
 
 Nationality. 
 
 19th 
 
 "Washington 
 
 Irving 
 
 M. Thiers.... 
 
 T. B. Mc- 
 Caulay. . . . 
 
 George Ban- 
 croft 
 
 Victor Hugo., 
 
 R. W. Emer- 
 
 "Life of Washing- 
 ton.". 
 
 Pres. of France 
 
 Historian ... 
 
 Statesman 
 and Histo- 
 rian 
 
 "History of Eng- 
 la.nd. " 
 
 "History of the 
 U. S." 
 
 Author , 
 
 Historian .. 
 
 'Les Miserables." Novelist. 
 
 son 
 
 Nathaniel 
 Hawthorne 
 
 Alfred Ten- 
 nyson 
 
 \Y. M. Thack- 
 eray 
 
 Chas. Dickens 
 
 J. Fenimore 
 Cooper 
 
 Albert Thor- 
 waldsen. ... 
 
 Ludwig Bee- 
 thoven 
 
 Jos. Turner .. 
 
 HoraceVernet 
 
 G. Rosini 
 
 G. Meyerbeer. 
 
 "Scarlet Letter.". 
 "Idylls of the 
 King.". 
 
 "Essays. " Author, 
 
 Novelist. . . 
 
 Poet. 
 
 "Vauity Fair" Novelist. 
 
 "Nicholas Nicl 
 
 leby. " Novelist 
 
 "Leather Stocking 
 
 Tales." Novelist. 
 
 "Christ and tlie 
 
 Twelve Apostles. ' ' j Sculptor 
 
 Jacob Men- 
 delssohn.;... 
 Gustave Dore. 
 
 Sir Isaac 
 Brunei 
 
 Musical 
 
 Composer. 
 Artist 
 
 "Mount of Olives.'' 
 Landscape Painter. 
 "The Bombardment 
 
 of Madrid." iPainter. 
 
 "William Tell. ". ...:Musical 
 
 Composer. 
 Astonislied people 
 
 by his talent v,4ien 
 
 only six y'rs old. 
 
 "Oratorios. ". 
 
 Illustrations for 
 
 Don Quixote . 
 
 Engineer, Tliames 
 
 Tunnel 
 
 Musician. . 
 Musician. , 
 
 Artist 
 
 Inventor.. 
 
 American. 
 
 French. 
 
 English. 
 
 American. 
 French. 
 
 American. 
 
 American. 
 
 English. 
 
 English. 
 
 English. 
 
 American. 
 
 Danish. 
 
 German. 
 English. 
 
 French. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 German. 
 German. 
 French. 
 English. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 83 
 
 No. 
 
 127 
 
 128 
 
 129 
 130 
 
 131 
 
 132 
 133 
 
 134 
 
 135 
 136 
 
 137 
 
 138 
 
 139 
 
 140 
 
 141 
 
 19th 
 
 Geo. Stephen- 
 son 
 
 L. J. M. Da- 
 Guerre 
 
 S.F. B. Morse 
 
 Thos. A. Ed- 
 ison 
 
 A. Graham 
 Bell 
 
 -"Eli Whitney. 
 
 A. Lincoln. . . 
 
 James G, 
 
 Blaine 
 
 Elias Howe... 
 Edward Jen- 
 
 ner. 
 
 Edw'in For- 
 
 \ rest 
 
 Charles Good 
 
 year 
 
 Charles G. 
 
 Brush 
 
 William E. 
 
 Sawyer 
 
 John A. Ro- 
 
 eblins". 
 
 Chief Work or Mas- 
 terpieces. 
 
 The Locomotive. 
 
 How to fix Images... 
 Electric Teleg-raph. 
 
 Phonog-raph 
 
 'Lived in this Century, 
 
 Telephone 
 
 Cotton Gin 
 
 President during' 
 Civil AVar in U. S. 
 
 Sec. of State under 
 Pres. Harrison... 
 
 Sewing'- Machine. . . 
 
 Discovers and intro- 
 duces Va.ccination. 
 
 Patriarch of his 
 Country 
 
 Invents Vulcanized 
 India. Rubber 
 
 Invents the Arc 
 Lig-ht La.mp 
 
 Incandescent Car- 
 bon Lamp. 
 
 Desig-ned the East 
 River Suspension 
 Bridge 
 
 but his invention was in 1 
 
 Character 
 
 or 
 
 Profession. 
 
 Inventor.. . . 
 Inventor 
 
 and Artist. 
 Inventor 
 
 Inventor, 
 
 Inventor. 
 Inventor. 
 
 Statesman 
 
 Orator.. . 
 Inventor. 
 
 Physician., 
 Actor and 
 Trag-edian, 
 
 Inventor... . 
 
 Inventor.... . 
 
 Inventor, 
 
 Architect ... 
 
 792. 
 
 Lang'-uage 
 
 or 
 Nationality. 
 
 English. 
 
 French. 
 American. 
 
 American, 
 
 American. 
 American. 
 
 American. 
 
 American. 
 American. 
 
 'English. 
 
 American. 
 
 American. 
 
 American. 
 
 American. 
 
 American. 
 
84 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 CKapter XX¥IL — l^fstorkal Fseadon/ms aivd 
 Sa/tix^s* 
 
 1. "The Snow King-" — Gustavus Adolphus. 
 
 2. "The Winter King-" — Palatine Frederick, son-in-law 
 
 of James I. 
 
 3. "The Marathon of Switzerland" — Morgarten. 
 
 4. "The Sea Begg-ars"— The Dutch. 
 
 5. "The first man in Europe and the second in France" — 
 
 Louis XIII. 
 
 6. "The Nephew of his Uncle" — Aug-ustus. 
 
 7. "First Gentleman in Europe" — Geo. IV. of England. 
 
 8. "Little Man in Red Stockings" — Emperor Leopold of 
 
 Germany. 
 
 9. "Last of the Tribunes"— Rienzi. 
 
 10. "Madman of the North"— Chas. XII. of Sweden. 
 
 11. "The Silent One"— William I. of Netherlands. 
 
 12. "The Lost Dauphin" — Louis XVII. who suffered in 
 
 prison two years and died. 
 
 13. "First of the Stuarts" — James VI. of Scotland. 
 
 14. "The Conqueror of Crecy"— Edward III. of Scot- 
 
 land. 
 
 15. "The Merry Monarch"— Chas. II. of England. 
 
 16. "The Conqueror of Blenheim" — Marlborough. 
 
 17. "The Philosopher" — Marcus Aurelius Autonius. 
 
 18. "The Pretender"^- James III., son of James II. 
 
 19. "The Young Pretender" — Charles III., son of Jas. 11. 
 
 20. "Battle of the Nations" — Leipsic. 
 
 ■ 21. "Best of the Georg-es"- Georg-e IV. of England. 
 
 22. "King Hal"— Henry VIII. of England. 
 
 23. "Citizen King" — Louis Phillipe of France. 
 
 24. "The Great Prussian Drill Sergeant" — Carlyle says, 
 
 Frederick William I. 
 
 25. "Conqueror of Agincourt" — Henry V. of England. 
 
 26. "Queen Bess" — Elizabeth of England. 
 
 27. "iron Duke" — Count Von Moltke of Prussia. 
 
 28. "Greatest of the Plantagenets" — Richard I. of Eng. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 85 
 
 'King- of Bourg-es" — Charles VII. of France. 
 'Good Oueen Anne" — Anne Stuart of Eng-land. 
 'The Vlro-in Oueen"— 
 
 irr^u KT 1 f -n M r Elizabeth of Ensfland. 
 
 'The Napoleon of Peace 
 
 "King- of- the French" — Louis Phillipe of Orleans. 
 
 'Prisoner of Ham" — Napoleon III. 
 
 "Grand Monarch" — Louis XIV. of France. 
 
 "Eugenie" — Empress of Napoleon III. 
 
 'The Do Nothing- Kings" — Merovingian "^line of 
 France. 
 
 "Corporal Violet" — Napoleon. 
 
 "Hero of Rocroi" — Conde of France: 
 
 "The Sailor King-"— William IV. of England. 
 
 'Pride's Purg-e" — The soldiers under Col. Pride that 
 shut Presbyterians out of Parliament. 
 
 "Hero of Marston Moor" — Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 "The Ironsides" — Cromwell's Troops. 
 
 "The Black Hole"— Calcutta Prison. 
 
 'The Black Prince"— Edward I. of England. 
 
 "Father Fritz" — Frederick I. of Prussia. 
 
 "The Sick Man"— Sultan of Turkey. 
 
 'The Horace of France" — Boileau. 
 
 "Upholsterer of Notre Dame" — Luxembourg-. 
 
 "Hero of the Red Shirt "—Garibaldi of Italy, 
 
 "The Flower of Chivalrie" — E. Spenser says this of 
 Sir Philip Sidney. 
 
 "The King- Maker"— Earl of Warwick, Eng-land. 
 
 "I am the State"— Louis XIV. 
 
 •The Scourg-e of God"— Attila the Hun. 
 
 "Wisest Fool in Europe" — James I. of Eng-land, (Au- 
 thor, Sully of France.) 
 
 "Last of the Knig-hts" — Maximilian of Germany. 
 
 "After Me the Delug-e"— Louis XV. 
 
 "The Citizen King"^ — Louis Phillippe. 
 
 "The Little Corporal" — Napoleon. 
 
 "The Sword of Rome" — Marcellus. 
 
 *Line, here means family. 
 
86 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 61. "Book of the Dead," [ Phahtokeps Ritual for the 
 
 62. "Dispensar3'of theSonl" j Soul after Death. 
 
 63. "The Eg-yptian Alexander the Great"— Thotmes III. 
 
 64. "Daug-hter of Sidon and Mother of Carthag-e"— Tyre 
 
 (a city.) 
 
 65. "School of Greece" — Athens. 
 
 66. "Eve of Greece"— Corinth. 
 
 67. "The Seven-hilled City"— Rome. 
 
 68. "Hundred Gate Thebes"— Thebes of Eg-ypt. 
 
 69. "The Relig-ious Conqueror" — Constantine. 
 
 70. "The False Smerdis" — Gomates of Persia. 
 
 71. "The Eg-yptian Iliad"— Epic of Pentaur. 
 
 72. "The Sacred Mount" — Mons Sacer in Rome. 
 
 73. "Eldest Daug-hter of the Empire" — Venice in Italy. 
 
 74. "The Lost Tribes"— Ten tribes of the Israelites. 
 
 75. "Pearl of the East" — Princess Roxana of Persia. 
 
 76. "The Third Founder of Rome"— Caius Marius. 
 
 77. "The Blind Bard"— Homer. 
 
 78. "The Lame old Schoolmaster"— Tyrtaeus. 
 
 79. "The Theban Eag-le"— Pindar. 
 SO. "The Attic Bee"— Sophocles. 
 
 81. "The Mantuan Bard"— Virg-il. 
 
 82. "The Lig-ht of Mankind"— Christ. 
 
 83. "The Lesbian Nig-hting-ale" — Sappho. 
 
 84. "Father of History"— Herodotus. 
 
 85. "The Great Commoner"— William Pitt. 
 
 86. "Aaron the Just" — Haroun-al-Raschid. 
 
 87. "Grand old Man"— W. E. Gladstone. 
 
 88. "The Washing-ton of S. A."— Gen. Simon Bolivar. 
 
 89. "The Relig-ious Conqueror"— Tiglath Pileser I. 
 
 90. "Hereof the Arabian Nig-hts" — Haroun-al-Raschid. 
 
 91. "Conqueror of -Babylon" — Inscription on Tig-lathin- 
 
 ins' Ring. 
 
 92. "The Conqueror of Babylon" — Cyrus of Persia. 
 
 93. "The Honest King-" — Victor Emmanuel II. 
 
 94. "Delenda est Carthago" — Cato the Censor — said it of 
 
 Carthage. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 87 
 
 95. "Master, remember the Athenians"— Darius had his 
 
 servant repeat this to him. 
 
 96. "The Rich King-"— Croesus. 
 
 97. "Et tu, Brute"— Ccesar to Brutus. 
 
 98. "Head of the Army" (in Eng-. )— Napoleon's Last 
 
 Words. 
 
 99. "My Work is Done"— Cromwell's Last Words. 
 
 100. "I am the Rear Guard of the Grand Army"— Marshal 
 
 Ney of France. 
 
 101. "Ah! Carthag-e, I behold thy doom"— Hannibal. 
 
 102. "Defender of the Faith"— Henry VKL 
 
 103. "Thank God, I have done my duty"— Lord Nelson's 
 
 Last Words. 
 
 104. "The Three Days of July"— Revolution of 1830 in 
 
 France. 
 
 105. "Not angles, but angels"— Greg-ory said it of the Eng- 
 
 lish slaves. 
 
 106. "The 10,000 Immortals"— Part of Xerxes' Guards. 
 
 107. "Laws Written in Blood"— Draco's Laws for Athens. 
 
 108. "Rape of the Sabines"— Capture of wives bv the Ro- 
 
 mans. 
 
 109. "The First Triumvirate"— Caesar, Pompey and Cras- 
 
 sus. 
 
 110. "TheSecond Triumvirate"— Augustus, Anthony and 
 
 ■ Lepidus. 
 
 111. "To free men, threats, have no power"— Cicero of 
 
 Rome. 
 
 112. "Veni, vidi, vici"— Ceesar. 
 
 113. "I will send one of mv old boots to govern you" — 
 
 Charles XH. . ' 
 
 114. "You are a bad imitation of Ulysses"— Solon to Pisis- 
 
 t rat us. 
 
 115. "Thou hast saved Rome but lost thy son"— Coriolanus 
 
 to his mother. 
 
 116. "Morton's Fork"— System of begging for the church. 
 
 117. "The Divine Right of Kings"— Claimed by the Stuarts 
 
 of England, and Bourbons, of France. 
 
88 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 118. "The Ayrshire Plowman" — Robert Burns. 
 
 119. "A Novel without a Hero"— Thackeray 's Vanity Fair. 
 
 120. "Georg-e Eliot"— Mary Ann Evans. 
 
 121. "In 1806 the 120th of the Caesars became only Francis 
 
 II., of Austria" — Francis held the Title of Caesar of 
 the Western Roman Empire, but Napoleon blotted 
 the Empire out. 
 
 122. "The Ladies' Peace"— Treaty between Francis I., of 
 
 France and Chas. V., of Germany, concluded by the 
 King-'s mother and Emperor's Aunt. 
 
 123. "Better a drowned land than a lost land" — The cry 
 
 of the Dutch when Leyden was besieg^ed by the 
 Spanish in 1574. They loosened the dykes. 
 
 124. "I do not intend to blush like Sig-ismund" — Charles V. 
 
 when urg-ed to break his pledg-e of safe conduct 
 promised Martin Luther. 
 
 125. "Some bids are too big- for any cag-e" — Ney was to 
 
 bring- back Napoleon to Paris in an iron cag"e, but 
 fell into his arms. 
 
 126. "Varus, give me back my Leg-ions" — Aug-ustus, after 
 
 defeat of Romans, 9 A. D. 
 
 127. "'Tis a sharp medicine, but a cure for all ills" — Wal- 
 
 ter Raleig-h, when he felt the edg-e of the Executor's 
 axe. 
 
 128. "Had I but served my God with half the zeal I served 
 
 my country, he would not have g-iven me over in my 
 g-ray hairs" — Thomas Wolsley, Henry VIII's. prime 
 minister, after incurring- the King-'s displeasure. 
 
 129. "The Five Good Emperors"— (1) Nerva, (3) Trajan, 
 
 (3) Hadrian, (4) Antonius Pius, (5) Marcus A. An- 
 tonuis. 
 
 130. "If you could see the cabbag-e I have planted you 
 
 would never ask me to remount the throne" — Diocle- 
 tian writing- to Maximian who desired they should 
 ag-ain become Emperors. 
 
 131. "With such soldiers I could conquer the world" — 
 
 Pyrrhus said this of the Romans, his enemies. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 89 
 
 132. "The Elgin Marbles"— Mythical Sculptures sent 
 
 from Athens to London by Eng-lish. 
 
 133. "Temple of the Sphinx" — The human-headed Lion 
 
 Rock 190 feet, near Ghizeh. 
 
 134. "The Four Great Schools of Philosophy."—!. Acade- 
 
 mic; 2. Peripatetic; 3. Epicurean; 4. Stoic. 
 
 135. "I pride myself that no Athenian has ever had occasion 
 
 to mourn on m}" account" — Pericles. 
 
 136. "His wisdom surpassed that of all the children of the 
 
 East and of Eg-v^pt." — Solomon, the last King- of 
 Judea. 
 
 137. "It is easier to turn the Sun from its course than 
 
 Fabricus from the path of honor" — Pj^rrhus, the 
 Greek General. 
 
 138. "The Cincinnatus of the A¥est"— Lord Byron's Title 
 
 for Washing-ton. 
 
 139. "Lion of the North" — Gustavus Adolphus. 
 
 140. "Would that the people of Rome had but one neck, so 
 
 I could cut it off at a sing-le blow" — Emperor Cali- 
 g-ula. 
 
 141. "I knew these Svv'edes would beat us at first, but in 
 
 the end they will teach us how to beat them" — Peter 
 the Great after the battle of Narva. 
 
 142. The King- that "ate g-rass like an ox" — Nebuchednez- 
 
 zar. 
 
 143. "Who kept theBridg-e in the brave days of old" — Hora- 
 
 tius of early Rome. 
 
 144. "Madman of the North"— Charles XII., of S,weden. 
 
 145. "The Last of the Greeks" — Philopoemon. 
 
90 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
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OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 91 
 
 CKapter XXIX, — /Iivcfei\t i^Tstor/ Kecreatfoivs. 
 
 I. Questions on Egypt. 
 
 1. When and by whom was Eg-ypt founded? 
 
 2. Describe the Hyksos and tell of their reig-n. 
 
 3. What Pharaohs built the pyramids? Who "refused to 
 
 let the Israelites g-o?" 
 
 4. Name the rival cities and tell of their rise and decline. 
 
 5. To what different countries has Eg-ypt been subjected? 
 
 6. What may be said briefly of Eg-yptian education and 
 
 and religion? 
 
 7. For what are they noted? 
 
 II. Questions on China and India. 
 
 8. For what are these people noted? 
 
 9. State the chief characteristics of their education and 
 
 relig-ion. 
 
 10. Who was Confucius? Chewangte? 
 
 11. Name the earliest dates in each country of which there 
 
 is a record. 
 
 12. How did they reg-ard other nations? 
 
 III. Babylonia-Assyria. 
 
 13. What date marks the rise of Babylonia and Assyria? 
 
 14. Who was the first King- of Assyria? 
 
 15. By whom was Babv^on founded and when? 
 
 16. Give a brief description of Bab v Ion, comparing- its size 
 
 with the present size of London. 
 
 17. Name three of Bab3don's most noted rulers. 
 
 18. Name the rival cities. 
 
 19. Explain the Biblical quotation, "The hand writino- on 
 
 the wall." 
 
 IV. Phcentcia and Judea. 
 
 20. For what were the Phoenicians noted? 
 
 21. When does the history of this nation beg-in? 
 
 22. Name the rival cities. 
 
 23. Where is Carthag-e? By whom founded? When? 
 
 24. What is the earliest date in Hebrew History. 
 
92 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 25. What was the "Exodus?" When did it occur? 
 
 26. Name the greatest rulers of Judea. 
 
 27. Give the account of the division of the monarchy. 
 
 28. In what condition are the Hebrews today? 
 
 V. Medo-Persia. 
 
 29. How did Media and Persia become one nation? 
 
 30. What Persian King- had Daniel thrown into the "den of 
 
 lions?" 
 
 31. Explain the saying-, "As unchangeable as the laws of 
 
 the Medes and Persians." 
 
 32. Describe the Persian court. 
 
 33. Name three of the g-reatest rulers. 
 
 34. Give dates of Persia's rise, zenith and decline. 
 
 35. What relig-ions had their birth in Persia? 
 
 VI. Greece. 
 
 36. Who were the first inhabitants of Greece? 
 
 37. Recite the leg-end of the Trojan War. 
 
 38. What classes of people were there in Greece? 
 
 39. Name the three g-reat law-g-ivers of Greece. 
 
 40. Define the words tyrant and slave as formerly used. 
 
 41. What was ostracism? 
 
 42. When, where and by whom was the first decisive bat- 
 
 tle of the world foug-ht, and what was the result? 
 
 43. Who pitted the larg-est army the world ever saw ag-ainst 
 
 Greeks? Where did he meet with unexpected op- 
 position? Where finally defeated? 
 
 44. Who was Pericles? 
 
 45. What enabled Athens to withstand such a long- sieg-ein 
 
 the Peloponnesian war? 
 
 46. What was "The retreat of Ten Thousand?" 
 
 47. Who org-anized the Macedonian phalanx? Give a sketch 
 
 of his life. 
 
 48. What became of Alexander's King-dom after his death? 
 
 49. When did Greece become a Roman province? 
 
 50. Note the contrasts in the education of the Spartans and 
 
 Athenians. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 93 
 
 51. Name four Greek historians. 
 
 52. Name four poets. 
 
 53. Name four of each of the leading orators, painters, 
 
 sculptors and philosophers. 
 
 54. Name the four great schools of philosophy, giying au- 
 
 thors and the dates of the founding- of each. 
 
 55. For what one thing" were the Grecians most renowned? 
 
 56. What cities were rivals? 
 
 57. Make a list of some of the greatest generals in chrono- 
 
 logical order. 
 
 58. What was the nature of their religion? 
 
 59. How did it in the modern era pass under control of 
 
 Turkey, and how did it become free? 
 
 60. Who was Marco Bozzaris? 
 
 61. When and what was the result of the battle of Mis- 
 
 solonghi? 
 
 VII. Rome. 
 
 62. When and by whom was Rome founded? 
 
 63. What two classes of people figured in Roman History? 
 
 64. Who was Cincinnatus? Horatio? 
 
 65. Give a short sketch of the earh' Brutus. 
 
 66. How many Kings had Rome in her early days? 
 
 67. Give their names. 
 
 68. What Carthaginian general invaded Rome? With 
 
 what success did he meet? 
 
 69. Give a short sketch of each of the following men: Ma- 
 
 rius, Sulla and Cataline. 
 
 70. Who constituted the first triumvirate, and when was 
 
 it formed? 
 
 71. State the results of the triumvirate, briefly. 
 
 72. Of whom was the second triumvirate composed, and 
 
 when was it formed? 
 
 73. State the character of the men. 
 
 74. How was Anthony captured by his royal enemy? 
 
 75. What date marks the beginning of Imperial Rome? 
 
 76. Who is the central figure in all history, and who was 
 
 emperor when he was born? 
 
94 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 77. Who said, "I would that the Romans had but one neck 
 
 so I mig-ht cut it off at a sing-le blow?" 
 
 78. Who lig-hted his g-ardens wath "human torches?" 
 
 79. Name the five "Good Emperoi's." 
 
 80. What and when was the ag'e of the Thirty Tyrants? 
 
 81. How was Constantine converted to Christianity? 
 
 82. When was the empire divided? 
 
 83. Name the three g"reat barbaric leaders who inyaded 
 
 Rome. 
 
 84. Who was the last Roman Monarch? 
 
 85. Name four of each of the leading- poets, orators, his- 
 
 torians and philosophers. 
 
 86. Describe a g^ladiatiorial combat. 
 
 87. Name the six successive world empires. 
 
 88. Of w^hat did the Roman Education consist? 
 
 89. Name the dates Vv'hich mig-ht be taken for the beg-in- 
 
 ning- of Mediaeval History. 
 
 90. Name the commanders and g-ive the results of the 
 
 following- battles : Trasimenus, Zama, Phillippia,nd 
 Actium. 
 
 CKapter XXX, — TQedfaeval ijfstor/ Kecreatloivs, 
 
 I. Races. 
 
 1. What event marks the beg-inning- of Mediaeval Histo- 
 
 rv^? Give the date of the Dawn and of Modern 
 History. 
 
 2. Who were the Ostrog-oths, Visig-oths, Burg-undians, 
 
 Vandals. Meroving-ians, Lombards, Ang-lo-Saxons 
 and Huns, and where did each race settle? 
 
 3. Explain why it was that the barbarians were converted 
 
 to Christianity. 
 
 4. Define monasticism and tell why it flourished in the 
 
 iniddle ag-es. 
 
 5. What were the Romance tong-ues? 
 
 6. When and what were the happening's under the reig-ns 
 
 of Justinian and Heraclius? 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY • 95 
 
 II. Mohammedanism. 
 
 7. Who was Mohammed? 
 
 8. What was the Heg-ira? 
 
 9. What three things did the Mohammedans ask of other 
 
 nations ? 
 
 10. Describe the battle of Tours. 
 
 11. How was the empire divided? 
 
 12. State briefly the effects of Saracenic Civilization. 
 
 III. Crusades and Chivalry, etc. 
 
 13. Who were the crusaders, and why so called? 
 
 14. What was the general effect of the crusades? 
 
 15. Define Feudalism. 
 
 16. Define Chivalry. 
 
 17. Describe a cast-le. 
 
 18. How were the lands held? 
 
 19. State the order of procedure in conferring knighthood. 
 
 20. Describe the Tournament. 
 
 21. What effect had these practices upon the manners of 
 
 the people? 
 
 IV. Rise of Modern Nations. 
 
 22. Who was Clovis, Pepin the Short, and Charlemagne? 
 
 23. What conquests did Charlemagne m^ake, and how w^as 
 
 his kingdom linally divided? 
 
 24. Where did the Northmen wander in the middle ages? 
 
 25. Who ruled France in the middle ages. 
 
 26. In whose reign did absolutism triumph? 
 
 27. X)escribe the battles of Crecy, Agincourt and Orleans, 
 
 (briefly.) 
 
 28. When was the French Monarchy consolidated? 
 
 29. How many conquests were made of England? Give 
 
 dates of each. 
 
 30. Tell of the conquest of Ireland, Wales and Scotland 
 
 by England. 
 
 31. What events mark the growth of a constitutional mon- 
 
 archy in England? 
 
 32. Why was the War of the Roses so called? Give date. 
 
96 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 33. What great narnes are connected with French and 
 
 Eng-lish Mediaeval Histor}^? 
 
 34. Compare the g-eneral conditionof Germany with France 
 
 and En g-] and. 
 
 35. Name and g-ive dates of the different dynasties in Ger- 
 
 many. 
 
 36. AVhen was the "Great Interreg-num?" 
 
 37. Describe the House of Hapsburg-. 
 
 38. When did the Holy Roman Empire beg-in and end, and 
 
 w^hat was its condition in the Middle Ag-es? 
 
 39. When does Switzerland's History beg-in? 
 
 40. Name the three battles for Swiss Liberty. 
 
 41. AVhat was the condition of her g-overnment? 
 
 42. Recite the leg-end of William Tell. 
 
 43. Describe the g-rowth of the Papacy. 
 
 44. Who was the "last of the Tribunes?" 
 
 45. How did it happen that so many Italian cities became 
 
 independent? 
 
 46. Name the chief of these cities, and tell something- for 
 
 which each is noted. 
 
 47. Give a brief sketch of Joan of Arc. 
 
 48. Who was John Huss? Sig-ismund? Maximilian? 
 
 49. Name some inventions of the Mediaeval Period. 
 
 50. What was the condition of punishment in these times? 
 
 51. • How many and what dates mig-ht be taken as the be- 
 
 g-inning- of Modern History? 
 
 52. What inventions and happening's are clustered around 
 
 these dates? 
 
 53. Who introduced printing- into Eng-land? 
 
 CKapter XXXL — TQoderii iitstor/ RecreatfoRS* 
 
 I. Other Countmes Than England. 
 
 1. What were the results of the wars of Charles VIH. of 
 
 France? 
 
 2. Give results of the wars of Louis XH. in Italy. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 97 
 
 3. What led to the Reformation? 
 
 4. Why were the reformers called Protestants? 
 
 5. What nations embraced the new doctrines? 
 
 6. What relation was Charles V. to Charles the Bold of 
 
 Burg-undy? 
 
 7. Name the rivals of Charles V. 
 
 8. Who was Loyola? 
 
 9. Give a sketch of the Guises. 
 
 10. Who was William the Silent? 
 
 11. What became of the different provinces of the Nether- 
 
 lands? 
 
 12. What became of William, Prince of Orang-e? 
 
 13. What noted descendant had he? 
 
 14. How were the Hapsburg- dominions divided upon the 
 
 death of Charles V? 
 
 15. Who was Solyman the mag-nificent? 
 
 16. Describe briefly the Turkish wars. 
 
 17. Describe the causes of the Thirty Years war. 
 
 18. Who was Wallenstein? 
 
 19. Who was Gustavus Adolphus? 
 
 20. What treaty closed the war? 
 
 21. What was accomplished by this war? 
 
 22. What countries made settlements in America? 
 
 23. Locate the principal or chief settlements of each coun- 
 
 24. Whv did Christina abdicate the throne of Sweden? 
 
 25. Wh3 was Charles XII ? 
 
 26. Give a sketch of the life of Peter the Great. 
 
 27. Tell of the dismemberment of Poland. 
 
 28. Who were the most influential Popes of Modern His- 
 
 tory? 
 
 29. Tell of Frederick the Great and the Rise of Prussia. 
 
 30. Describe the "War of the Austrian Succession." 
 
 31. Give a sketch of the reig^n of the Bourbons in France. 
 
 32. What was che policy of Cardinal Richilieu? 
 
 33. For what was Louis XIV. noted? 
 
 34. What followed Mazarin's death? 
 
98 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 35. Give the causes and incidents (briefly) of the "War of 
 
 the Spanish Succession?" 
 
 36. In what wars did Louis XIV. engage? 
 
 37. What possessions did France lose in the last war? 
 
 38. What led to the French Revolution? 
 
 39. What parties had they in this war? 
 
 40. Name some of the impetuous leaders of the French. 
 
 41. Name five generals of the Republic. 
 
 42. What dates mark the "Reign of Terror?" 
 
 43. What became of the ro3?-al family? 
 
 44. Give a sketch of Napoleon. 
 
 45. Who was Napoleon III? 
 
 46. Describe the Holy Alliance. 
 
 47. When did the Greek Revolution occur, and what was 
 
 the result? 
 
 48. What Revolutions and wars occurred in 1848? 
 
 49. What was the seven years wai'? The seven weeks 
 
 war? The seven months war? 
 
 50. Describe the Franco-Prussian war and give the re- 
 
 sults. 
 
 51. Mention all the chief recent modern events since this 
 
 war. 
 
 IL England. 
 
 52. What was done in England under the reign of Henry 
 
 VIII.? 
 
 53. How many wives had he? Name them. 
 
 54. Describe his character. 
 
 55. Tell the story of Wolsley. 
 
 56. Who succeeded Henry VIIL, and when? 
 
 57. Give a sketch of Somerset. 
 
 58. Who was lady Jane Grey? 
 
 59. Who was Mary Tudor. 
 
 60. Name the principal events of Queen Elizabeth's reign. 
 
 61. Give a sketch of Sir Walter Raleigh. 
 
 62. Describe the foreign policy of James I. 
 
 63. Of w^hom was'it said, "He is the wisest fool in Europe?" 
 
 64. Who said it? 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HIvSTORY 99 
 
 65. State the troubles between Charles I. and his parlia- 
 
 ment. 
 
 66. Who was Hampden? Strafford? Laud? 
 
 67. AVhat parties had they in Eng-land then? 
 
 68. How long- did the Civil War last. 
 
 69. What became of Charles I.? , 
 
 70. Who succeeded him? 
 
 71. Give a sketch of Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 72. What bodies were called the Long- and Short Parlia- 
 
 ments? 
 
 73. When and what was the "Restoration?" 
 
 74. Describe the Gunpowder Plot. 
 
 75. What parties antedated the Cavaliers and Roundheads, 
 
 and what p'arties have succeeded them? 
 
 76. When and under whose reig-n was the present Protest- 
 
 ant version of the Bible translated? 
 
 77. W^ho were the "Pretenders?" 
 
 78. How did it happen that they were ojilv pretenders? 
 
 79. Tell the story of the American Revolution. 
 
 80. Who succeeded Geo. IV.? 
 
 81. Describe the Crimean War. 
 
 82. Give a sketch of the British in India. 
 
 83. What was done by Warren Hasting-s, and who was he? 
 
 84. Who made the g-reat speech ag-ainst him? 
 
 85. Give a short sketch of the history of Australia. 
 
 86. What caused our second war with Great Britain? 
 
 87. Mention some recent events in Eng-lish History. 
 
 88. Who is termed the "Grand Old Man?" • 
 
 89. When did Queen Victoria come to the throne? 
 
 90. Who is the prime minister at present? 
 
 91. What did Cardinal Mazzini, the Italian patriot, say of 
 
 the g-rowth of liberty? 
 
100 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 Chapter XXXII. — /iRswers to QuestioRS on 
 Geiveral I^fstor/. 
 
 Ancient History — I. Egypt. 
 
 1. Eg-ypt was founded by Menes about 3700 B. C. 
 
 2. The Hyksos or Shepherd King-s entered Eg-j^pt about 
 
 1900 B. C, and conquered the country, ruling- it un- 
 til 1525 B. C. The country prospered exceedingly 
 under their reign. They were called the "Shepherd 
 Kings" because they were herdsmen and brought 
 their flocks with them. 
 
 3. Khufu and his successors. Rameses II. 
 
 4. Memphis and Thebes. Memphis was the first capital — 
 
 founded bv Menes, and supplanted by Thebes which 
 arose in the Xth dynasty. (Thotmes III. was from 
 Thebes.) 
 
 5. Persia, Greece, Rome, Turkey, France and England. 
 
 6. They were learned in the arts and sciences, but ex- 
 
 tremely superstitious and irreligious. They wor- 
 shipped the gods Osiris, (husband), Isis, (wife) and 
 Horus, (son), the planets, animals and the Nile river. 
 
 7. Pyramids, Obelisks, Sphinxes, Statues, Hieroglyphics 
 
 and Mummies. 
 
 II. China and India. 
 
 8. Their policy of non-intercourse with other nations; 
 
 reverence for their ancestors: the Great Wall; clas- 
 sics of Confucius; and memory cultivation. 
 
 9. They consider it a disgrace for a child to learn more 
 
 than his parents knew, and they had four kinds of 
 religion. In China, Confucianism or a following af- 
 ter the teachings of Confucius, Taoism or a system 
 of reasoning, were both followed ; while in India 
 Brahmanism, as taught by the priest Brahma, was 
 follow^ed, and Buddhism, as presented by Buddha, 
 is practiced in both countries. 
 10. (a) He was the greatest teacher of China and flourished 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 101 
 
 in the 5th century B. C. (b) Chewang--te built the 
 great wall (215—204 B. C.) 
 
 11. China, 3000 B. C. India, 1500 B. C. 
 
 12. They reg"arded them as barbarians. 
 
 III. Babylonia-Assyria. 
 
 13. Assyria, 1250 B. C. Babylonia, 625 B. C. 
 
 14. Tig-lathinin. 
 
 15. Babylon was founded by Nimrod, a mig-hty hunter, 
 
 about 4000 B. C. 
 
 16. Babylon was noted for her monuments, hang'ing' g"ar- 
 
 dens and aquariums. She was five times as larg^e as 
 London is now, and the admiration of the then known 
 world. 
 
 17. Nabopolassar, Nebuchednezzar and Belshazzar. 
 
 18. Babylon, which was the seat of g-overnment until 1250 
 
 B. C, and rose ag^ain 625 B. C, and Nineveh, w^hich 
 was the capital from 1256 B. C. to 625 B. C. 
 
 19. Belshazzar, the last King- of Babylon, held a g-reat feast 
 
 and amid the uproar of drunken revelry, a hand was 
 seen writing- on the wall in his room. The King- was 
 much astonished and sent for his astrolog-ers and 
 soothsayers, but none of them could explain the 
 meaning- of the words: — "Mene-mene-Tekel-Uphar- 
 sin" — which were written. At last the King- sent 
 for Daniel and he interpreted it as follows: "The 
 days of thy king-dom are numbered. Thou art 
 weig-hed in the balance and found wanting-, and thy 
 king-dom shall be divided among- the Persians." 
 That very nig-ht Cyrus turns the Euphi-ates from 
 its course, enters the city and captures it. 
 
 IV. Phoenicia and Judea. 
 
 20. They invented the alphabet, and were noted as com- 
 
 mercial people and traders. 
 
 21. About 1550 B. C. 
 
 22. Sidon and Tyre. 
 
 23. Carthasre was founded in Africa on the Mediterranean 
 
102 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 sea by Phoenicians from Tyre in 880 B. C. 
 
 24. The beg-inning- of the Patriarchal Ag-e, 2000 B. C. 
 
 25. The Exodus was the going out or the removal of the 
 
 Israelites from Eg"ypt. It occurred in 1491 B. C. 
 
 26. Saul, David and Solomon. 
 
 27. The division occurred in 975 B. C. and two of the tribes 
 
 known as yz/i^if/'// accepted Rehoboam as their King", 
 and had their capital at Jerusalem; and the other ten 
 tribes knowai as Israel made Jeroboam King- with 
 their capital at Samaria. These last tribes were 
 captured by Sarg-on and iinall}^ became known as the 
 "lost tribes." 
 
 28. They are scattered over the face of the earth, being- 
 
 the most numerous in Russia and Austro-Hung■ar3^ 
 V. Medo-Peksia. 
 
 29. The Medes under Cyaxares were the leading- nation at 
 
 first, overthrowing- Nineveh. Astyg-es, the son of 
 Cyaxares, became the father-in-law of Cyrus of Per. 
 sia, and Cyrus attended the King-'s court so. much 
 that he was liked b}^ the Medis who revolted and 
 were united into one nation under Cja'us with the 
 Persians. 
 
 30. Cyrus, who captured Babylon (Darius of the Bible). 
 
 31. The Medes and Persians seldom, if ever, chang-ed 
 
 their minds in reg-ard to either laws or customs. 
 See Daniel VI— 12. 
 
 32. It w^as as extravagant as the modern one of Louis XIV., 
 
 but not so proflig-ate. Wines were freely used. The 
 King- had -upwards of fifteen thousand servants and 
 attendants, besides numerous courtiers, and spies 
 of every description, imag-inable, almost. 
 
 33. Cyrus, Cambyses and Darius I. 
 
 34. 538 B. C; 500 B. C; 486 B. C. on until 330 B. C, when it 
 
 becomes subject to Greece. 
 
 35. Zoroastrianism, which was the worship of Zoroaster 
 
 as taught in the book, "Zend-avesta." It taught a 
 system of dualism in nature, Ormazd being the God 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 103 
 
 of Lig-ht, and Ahriraann, the God of Darkness. 
 They worshipped both of these Gods ; Mag-ianism, or 
 the worship of the mag-icians; and the Ghebers or 
 worshippers of fire. 
 
 VI. Greece, 
 
 36. The Pelasg-ians, who were conquered and absorbed by 
 
 the Hellenes. 
 
 37. Paris, the son of Priam, King- of Trov, had seized 
 
 Helen, wife of Menelaus, King- of Sparta, and car- 
 ried her off to his home. Agamemnon, the brother- 
 in-law of Menelaus, tog-ether with a lot of Grecian 
 warriors sails for Troy to aveng-e the wrong-. They 
 laid sieg-e to Troy for nine years and finally took the 
 city by the statag-em of the wooden horse. Achilles, 
 Ajax, Ulysses, Nestor and Diomed were chiefs in 
 this mytholog-ical war. 
 
 38. The Dorians and lonians were the races of early 
 
 Greece, and the .Spartans and Athenians were the 
 leading- classes of later Greece. 
 
 39. Lycurg-us of Sparta. Draco and Solon of Athens. 
 
 40. A tyrant, formerly, meant one who usurped power, and 
 
 he mig-ht be either a g-ood or a bad ruler. The word 
 slave, simply meant a servant. 
 
 41. The word is derived from the Greek word osfros, 
 
 shell. When the people disliked a statesman, or 
 g-eneral, they wrote his name on shells, and if a ma- 
 jority of the shells were written (i. e. with the name 
 on them) on, the man whose name was so inscribed 
 was banished for life, or for a stated period, from 
 his country. 
 
 42. In 490 B. C. at Marathon, between the Greeks under 
 
 Miltiades, and the Persians under Datis and Arta- 
 phernes. The Greeks won a sig-nal victory. 
 
 43. (a) Xerxes, King- of Persia, who had 1,500,000 men. 
 
 (b) At the pass of Thermopylae, (c) At Salamis, 
 on water, and at Platea and Mycale on land,479B. C. 
 
 a 
 
104 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 44. A noted ruler under the Athenian Leadership (479 B. 
 
 C. to 431 B. C.) 
 
 45. The protection afforded by her walls and Persian g^old. 
 
 46. The retreat of 10,000 Greeks under Xenophon who 
 
 made a foolhardy expedition ag^ainst Cyrus the 
 Young-er of Persia. 
 
 47. Alexander the Great. He was the son of Philip of 
 
 Macedonia, who already had all of the other Grecian 
 states at his feet. Alexander became King- when he 
 was only twenty years old, (335 B. C.) and after he 
 had dealt some of his crushing blows upon his rebel- 
 lious subjects, he entered upon a world-conquering- 
 tour. He crossed the Hellespont with 35,000 men 
 and in the decisive battles of Granicus, Issus and 
 Arbela he defeated the Persians and took possession 
 « of their empire. He next conquered India, and was 
 preparing to attack Carthag^e and Sicily when a sud- 
 den fever put an end to his military career. He died 
 at the age of 32, having- reig-ned thirteen years. 
 
 48. There was much contention among his g-enerals for 
 
 many years, but after the battle of Ipsus,301 B. C, it 
 was divided as follows: Seleucus received Syria and 
 the East; Lysimachus, Thrace and Asia Minor; 
 Ptolemy, Eg-ypt, and Cassander, Greece and Mace- 
 donia. 
 
 49. In 30 B. C. 
 
 50. The Spartans were taught to be adi'oit, skillful and 
 
 cultivated bluntness. Their training- was of a mili- 
 tary nature. The Athenians were taug-ht manners, 
 rhythms, and harmonies and g-3aTinastics. They 
 cultivated a taste for the beautiful in nature and art. 
 
 51. Thucydides, Diodorus-Siculus, Herodotus and Plu- 
 
 tarch. (Answers may differ on these questions as 
 found in this book.) 
 
 52. Homer, Hesiod, Pindar and Aeschylus. 
 
 53. (a) The immortal Demosthenes, Pericles, Aeschines 
 
 and Anaxag-oras. (b) Zeuxis, Apollodonis, Parrha- 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 105 
 
 sius and Melanthins. (c) Phidias, Polj'clitus, M}^- 
 ron and Praxiteles. 
 
 54. See pag-e 28. Dates are 550 B. C, 350 B. C, 330 B. C, 
 
 and 475 B. C. respectively. 
 
 55. Bravery. 
 
 56. Sparta and Athens, and Thebes and Corinth. 
 
 57. Miltiades, Themistocles, Aristides, Alcibiades, Epa- 
 
 minondas, Ag-esilaus II., Philip and Alexander the 
 Great. 
 
 58. They worshipped g-reat imaginary g-ods, and about three 
 
 thousand minor gods and goddesses. (See outline 
 on Greece.) It was purely a mj^thological religion. 
 
 59. The Turks were trying- to revolutionize the world and 
 
 they took Constantinople in 1453 A. D. Greece re- 
 volted in the 19th century and became free by the 
 assistance of England and France. 
 
 60. A Grecian leader in the war for independence against 
 
 Turkey. He was killed at the battle of Missolonghi. 
 
 61. This battle was fought in 1824. The Greeks were suc- 
 
 cessful, although their leader v/as killed. 
 VII. Rome. 
 
 62. It was founded by Romulus in 753 B. C. 
 
 63. The Patricians or nobles, and the Plebeians or com- 
 
 mon people. 
 
 64. (a) Cincinnatus was a plowman, who was waited upon 
 
 by a committee from the Senate which informed 
 him that he was chosen to lead the armies of Rome 
 and save his country. He did their bidding- and 
 saved his country, but could not be persuaded to re- 
 main at the head of affairs of State and went back 
 to his plow, (c^ Horatio, single-handed, held a 
 bridge and kept the Etruscans at bay until the Ro- 
 inans had a chance to save themselves by swimming 
 the Tiber. 
 
 65. He was one of the hrst consuls under the Republic in 
 
 509 B. C, and he sentenced two of his own sons to 
 death for being traitors. He was killed in a battle 
 
106 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 with the Etruscans, but the Romans were victorious. 
 
 66. Seven. 
 
 67. Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullius Hostilius, Ancus 
 
 Martius, Tarquin the Elder, Servius Tullius and 
 Tarquin the Proud. 
 
 68. Hannibal. He was successful for a number of years, 
 
 but was finally overcome by the odds ag^ainst him. 
 
 69. When the Jug-urthine war occurred, (110-109 B. C.) 
 
 Marius was made consul, and Sulla, abrig-ht but dis- 
 solute young- man, was g-eneral. The g^eneral was 
 to obey the consul, and the consul could not serve 
 for a period long-er than two years. They both vio- 
 lated these laws, and torn by internal strife, and 
 harrassed by the barbarians, Rome entered into a 
 civil war. At first Marius was expelled, and Sulla 
 with his conquering- leg-ionsi captured Rome. Then 
 Marius g-athered a force of troops and he came back 
 and took the imperial city, but died (88 B. C.) before 
 Sulla returned from his conquering- tour in Asia. 
 Next followed a reig-n of terror for Sulla murdered 
 6,000 soldiers of the opposite party. After three 
 years of dreadful rule he resig-ned suddenly, and 
 died (78 B. C). (b) Cataline was a dissolute noble- 
 man who secretly attempted (63 B. C.) to overthrow 
 the Roman g-overnment by assassinating- the con- 
 suls. The plot seemed likely to succeed, until Cicero, 
 the orator and lawyer, became acquainted with the 
 facts, when prompt measures were introduced to 
 stop It. Cataline died leading- his rebellious citizens 
 and Cicero, for his work, has been hailed as the 
 "Father of His Country." 
 
 70. Ccesar, Pompey and Crassus; 60 B. C. 
 
 71. The other two g-ot the wealth of Crassus, who was 
 
 murdered while fig-hting- in Parthia. Pompey and 
 Caesar acted in harmon}" for a time, but jealousies 
 arose and Caesar defeated Pompey g-aining- the 
 throne. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 107 
 
 72. Octavius, (Aug-ustus) Antony and Lepidus. 31 B. C. 
 
 73. Lepidus was weak minded and soon disposed of by the 
 
 others. Antony held out against his superiors, un- 
 til the charms of the Egyptian Cleopatra subdued 
 him, and Augustus or Octavius becomes another, if 
 not a greater "Cassar. " 
 
 74. He was defeated at Actium in 31 B. C, and again at 
 
 Alexandria where he killed himself. 
 
 75. 30 B. C. 
 
 76. Jesus who is called Christ. He was born when Augus- 
 
 tus was emperor. 
 
 77. Caligula, one of the emperors. 
 
 78. Nero. 
 
 79. Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian and the two Antonines. 
 
 80. In 260 A. D., upon the death of Valerian, King of 
 
 Rome, various fragments of the empire set up petty 
 governments whose chiefs were known as the 
 "Thirty Tyrants." 
 
 81. Constantine w^ho had always been friendl}^ to the 
 
 Christians was marching into Italy with his army in 
 312 A. D., when he saw a light, and a flaming cross 
 in the sky with the inscription on it, "In Hoc Signo 
 Vinces" (By this sign conquer). He adopted the 
 emblem, and was converted to Christianity." 
 
 82. Just after the death of Theodosius in 395 A. D. 
 
 83. Alaric, Attila and Genseric. 
 
 84. Romulus Augustulus, 476 A. D. 
 
 85. (a) Plautus, Virgil, Horace and Ovid, (b) Cicero, 
 
 Seneca and the two Pliny s. (c) Cato the Censor, 
 Caesar, Sallust and Livy. 
 
 86. These combats were advertised by public announce- 
 
 ments, and on the day or the exhibition, decorations 
 were profuse. Syrian perfumes were laden on the 
 air and the gladiators, inarched into the arena in 
 pairs to the sweetest strains of music. When one 
 was severely wounded by a lance or spear (or was 
 thrown from his horse) he held up his forefingef as 
 
108 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 a plea for life. A waving- of the handkerchief meant 
 merc}^ and the extended thumb and clinched fist 
 forbade hope. 
 87. 1. Babylonia-Assyrian. 2. Persian. 3. Grecian. 4, Ro- 
 man. 5. Mohammedan. 6. Charlemag-ne's. 
 
 A study of the Greek and Latin authorities, Mytholo- 
 g-y, Architecture and Agriculture. — It was a clas- 
 sical e&\xczX\on. 
 
 l.Alaric in Rome, 410 B. C— 2. Battle of Chalons 451 
 B. C— 3. Downfall of Rome, 476 A. D. 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 90. 
 
 BATTLES. 
 
 GENERALS. 
 
 PARTIES AND RESULTS. 
 
 Date. 
 
 
 
 Romans defeated by Carthagini- 
 
 B. C. 
 
 
 "/ Hannibal 
 
 217 
 
 
 Romans Victorious , 
 
 Brutus and Cassius defeated 
 
 Octavius victorious 
 
 201 
 
 2. Zama 
 
 3. Phillipi 
 
 '( Hannibal 
 
 \ Brntus and Cassius 
 
 ') Octavius and Antony ... 
 J Antony and Cleopatra. 
 
 42 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 CKapter XXXIIL— TQediaeval i-{fsl-or/. 
 
 I. Races. 
 
 1. The downfall. afi'Rome, 476 A. D.; 1100 A. D.; 1500 A. D. 
 
 2. (a) The ostrog-oths were a powerful barbaric tribe in 
 
 the east of Germany, (b) The Visigoths were in 
 Western Germany. They were related to each oth- 
 er, (c) The Burgundians came from the north-east 
 and settled in Central Europe, (d) The Vandals 
 were a devastating tribe of Northern Africa, (e) 
 The Merovingians were a weak Northern Germanic 
 tribe, (f) The Lombards were from the East, and 
 so called because of their long- beards. They set- 
 tled in Lombardy. (g-) The Huns, after securing 
 all Europe finally settled (some of them) in Hunga- 
 ry. (h)The Anglo-Saxons were descendants of the 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 109 
 
 Goths, and named, from the sections in which they 
 had settled. The}" settled and named An^le-land or 
 Eng-land. 
 
 3. While they were carrying- destruction with their arms 
 
 wherever they went, they met the plain, common, 
 humble followers of Christ, whose examples of piety 
 touched the tender hearts of the barbarians; and 
 the countries conquered with the sword, g-enerally, 
 conquered the conquerors with their religion. 
 
 4. The word is derived from the Greek, monacho, mean- 
 
 ing- a monk. It was the practice of the Catholic 
 Church, of having- monks assemble in groups or 
 monasteries, for the purpose of spiritual education. 
 By this means alone was the Bible, and all records 
 of Christianity saved and promulgated. It flourish- 
 ed, therefore, because it was deemed a necessity. 
 
 5. The barbaric languages which w^ere Romanized or Lat- 
 
 inized. Such as the Italian, French and Spanish. 
 
 6. Under the reign of Justinian, the Emperor of the East 
 
 occurred: (1) The adornment of his capital; (2) 
 the writing- of the Pandects, Codes and Institutes of 
 Roman Law; (3~) and the defeat of the Goths in Italy 
 by his g-eneral, Belisarius. While Heraclius was on 
 the throne was foug-ht the battle of Nineveh (627 A. 
 D.) and Persia was overthrown. 
 II. Mohammedanism. 
 
 7. He was an Arabian camel driver and was born in Mec- 
 
 ca in 571 A. D. He called himself God's prophet 
 and founded a new religion. 
 
 8. 1l\i^ flight of Mohammed from his place of nativity to 
 
 Medina in 622 A. D. was called "Hegira." 
 
 9. The "Koran," tribute or the sword. Other nations 
 
 must either accept their doctrines, pay them tribute 
 or be put to death. 
 10. The Mohammedans had been sviccessf ul in their world- 
 conquering- expedition, and marched northward from 
 Spain. Here they met the Franks under Charles 
 
110 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 Martel ("The Hammer") in 732 A. D. After a fierce 
 and spirited battle in which 375,000 men were left 
 dead on the field, the Mohammedans or Saracens 
 met their first defeat, and the P3'renees became the 
 northern boundary of the Saracenic Empire in 
 Europe. 
 
 11. The "Ommiades" held Spain with their capital at Cor- 
 
 dova; the "Abassides" ruled Northern Africa and 
 Arabia from their capital at Bagdad; and the de- 
 scendants of Ali, son-in-law of Mohammed, con- 
 trolled Persia, Eg-ypt and Mauretania. 
 
 12. At the time of the introduction of Mohammedanism, 
 
 the other relig^ions were almost lifeless, and the 
 Christian Church, especially, was very weak. This 
 accounts for their wonderful influence. They es- 
 tablished schools at Cordova and Bag"dad, and as all 
 Europe was buried beneath the flood of ig^norance, 
 people from all parts of the woi'ld had to resort to 
 these schools for education. They g^ave us Alg^ebra, 
 Arithmetic, and many other commendable thing^s. 
 
 III. Crusades, Chivalry, etc. 
 
 13. They were those Christians who desired to rescue the 
 
 Holy Land of Palestine and the Tomb of Christ from 
 the Moslems or Mohammedans. They used the 
 cross as their emblem, hence they were called Croi- 
 saders or Crusaders, (i. e. followers of the Cross.) 
 
 14. Althoug-h the g-eneral efl^ect was entirely different from 
 
 the object in view, yet it was beneficial to Europe. 
 1. The minds of Crusaders were enlig-htened by 
 contact with customs, different from their own. 2. 
 They introduced, into Europe, sug-ar, silk and fine 
 wheat from the East. 3. Principalities, duchies and 
 counties warred with each other after the crusading- 
 ceased. 4. The Church's power increased. 5. The 
 Crusades broug-ht chivalry. 6. A rivalry arose be- 
 tween Italian free cities in reg-ard to the Eastern 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 111 
 
 trade. 7. Secret societies were fostered and encour- 
 ag^ed. 
 
 15. Feudalism was that system by means of which kni,o-hts 
 and lords held their lands" on condition of military 
 service to the King-, or chief, whog-ranted them, and 
 they in turn held vassals under them upon the same 
 condition. 
 
 15. Chivalry was a training of skilled knights from boy- 
 hood. At the age of seven years, the boy became'a 
 Page and had certain duties to perform. When he 
 was fourteen years old he became a Squire, and at 
 21 he was knig-hted if he had stood all the previous 
 tests and performed the strict duties exacted of 
 him. 
 
 17. It was usually a strong stone fortress on some high 
 
 cliff inclosed by massive parapetted walls, encircled 
 by ditches shining- with towers. 
 
 18. The lands were held by the people at the will of their 
 
 lords, vassals, fiefs or suzerains upon condition of 
 service to them. 
 
 19. The candidate on bended knees took a vow to defend 
 
 his loi-d's g-ood name and to be his (lord's) man, to 
 not shun any adventure in any war he mig-ht hap- 
 pen to be, and to protect women and all weak per- 
 sons. He was then stricken on the neck with the 
 fiat side of the sword and dubbed a knight. 
 
 20. Lists were painted and g-ilded and hung with g-orgeous 
 
 tapestries. The combatants (knig-hts clad in armor 
 on horseback) appeared at the sound of music, and 
 rushed towards each other with frantic fury. They 
 were sometimes preceded by ladies who led them 
 with .golden chains. There were knig-hts and her- 
 alds posted at places in the lists to replace broken 
 lances'and weapons, and to assist or raise unhorsed 
 knights, and see that order was observed. 
 
 21. The effect of chivalry was to cause people to be more 
 
112 OUTLINES OF GEXEKAL HISTOK\' 
 
 polite, to make them respect weakness, and honor 
 women. 
 
 IV. Rise of Modern Nations. 
 
 22. (a) King- of the Franks from 487-507 A. D. (b) Pepin, 
 
 the Short, was the son of Charles Martel and King- 
 of the Franks, (c) Charlemag-ne was the son of 
 Pepin, conqueror of Italy and Germany, and Em- 
 peror of the Holy Roman Empire from 800-814 A. D. 
 
 23. He conquered all that territory from the Baltic to the 
 
 Adriatic Sea, and from the Eng-lish channel to the 
 East of Burgundy, and re-established the Holy Ro- 
 man Empire. — 800. At the Treaty of Verdun in 
 843 A. D. Lothair obtained Italy, Louis held Germa- 
 n}^ and the Rhine, and Charles the Bold, France. 
 All these were his g-rand sons. 
 
 24. They went to Normandy in France, Russia, Green- 
 
 land and Iceland. 
 
 25. The Meroving-ian, Carlo ving-ian, Capetian and Valois 
 
 families. 
 
 26. In the reig-n of Louis XL— 1461-1483. 
 
 27. a. Crecy was foug-ht between the Eng-lish, under Ed- 
 
 ward III., and the French, under Philip VI., in 
 France in 1346. The French were defeated, b. 
 Henry V. of Eng-land defeated an army of Fiench 
 four times as larg-e as his own, at Ag-incourt in 1415. 
 The French were commanded by Charles VL c. 
 The Eng-lish had laid sieg-e to Orleans in 1429, but 
 Joan of Arc, a simple, peasant g-irl who believed she 
 was inspired of heaven to save her country, appeared 
 at the head of the French army and the Eng-lish re- 
 treated. 
 
 28. Under Charles VII., aided by Joan of Arc in 1422. 
 
 29. 1. Roman Conquest — 79 A. D. 2. Saxon Conquest — 
 
 about 400 A. D. 3. The Danish Conquest— 1016 A. 
 D. 4. Norman Conquest — 1066 A. D. 
 
 30. a. Ireland was conquered bv the barons of Henry II., 
 
 1154-1189, but rebelled and defeated the Earl of Es- 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 113 
 
 sex in 1589, and was ag"ain beaten by Ireton, son-in- 
 law of Oliver Cromwell, in 1651. b. Wales was sub- 
 dued by Edward I. in 1300 A. D. His son, Edward 
 II., attempted to conquer Scotland, but such men as 
 Wallace and Bruce proved too much for him and he 
 was defeated, c. The Crowns were united under 
 the monarch, James VI. of Scotland, who became 
 James I. of England, in 1603. — Union of Parliament 
 later. 
 
 31. 1. The war of the barons against King- John, in 
 
 1215, and the obtainment of the "Great Charter." 
 2. The war of Parliament ag-ainst the King-, Charles 
 I., led by Oliver Cromwell— 1644-48. 3. The rise of 
 the House of Commons from 1640 since. 4. The 
 Granting- of the Petition of Rig-ht— 1628. 4. Bill of 
 Rights— 1689. 
 
 32. Two ladies, discussing the troubles between the 
 
 Houses of York and Lancaster, exhibited White and 
 Red Roses, respectivel}', to exemplify the purity of 
 the one and the beauty of the other. It began in 
 1455 and lasted for thirty years. 
 
 33. 1. Charlemagne. 2. Joan of Arc. 3. Hugh Capet. 
 
 Louis XI. 5. Richard I. 6. Alcuin. See p. 52. 
 
 34. France and England were almost continually at war 
 
 with each other, while Germany struggled against 
 the Barbarians in order to hold the title of "Emperor 
 of the Holy Roman Empire," established by Charle- 
 magne in 800. 
 
 35. Carlo vingians, Franconians, Saxons, Hohenstaufens 
 
 and Hapsburgs. cSee outlines for dates.) 
 
 36. From 1253 until 1273. 
 
 37. It was named from Rudolph's Castle in Switzerland, 
 
 and was proud, haughty and revengeful. 
 
 38. It lasted until 1807. (See Ans. to No. 34.) It was an 
 
 empty honor, confered on the weak rulers of Ger- 
 many, in the middle ages. 
 
114 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY « 
 
 39. In 1307, when a little band met and swore that they 
 
 w^ould have liberty. 
 
 40. Morg-arten— 1315. Sempach— 1386. Nafels— 1388. 
 
 41. Herindependencewasacknowledg-ed in 1648. Thecoun- 
 
 try at first comprised only eig"ht cantons, or dis- 
 tricts, but it now has 22 cantons. It became a re- 
 public, and such a one that no nation dared to tread 
 upon its rig-hts. 
 
 42. William Tell was put in prison and his son was arrest- 
 
 ed. Gessler, the Austrian g"overnor, told Tell if he 
 would shoot an apple off his son's head, at the dis- 
 tance of 100 paces, he (Gessler) would g-rant them 
 both liberty. Tell was very skillful with the bow, 
 but he hid an arrow in his vest that he might shoot 
 Gessler, should he hit his boy. Tell hits the apple, 
 but Gessler, discovering- the hidden arrow, put him 
 in prison ag-ain. One time after this, they were in a 
 boat on a stormy lake, and Tell's chains were unloosen 
 that he might steer the boat, when he jumped out od 
 a rock, hid and shot Gessler, killing- him. 
 
 43. The monasteries kept alive the lights of learning-, be- 
 
 cause they were peaceful, did acts of devotion, furn- 
 ished homes for the oppressed, practiced benevo- 
 lence, and restrained feudalism when it was too 
 much for even the King-s. The gift of Pepin, the 
 Short, made the pope apolitical prince; the crusades 
 strengthened the papal power;, and the belief that 
 the world would come to an end in 1000 A. D. all in- 
 creased the power of the Papacy. 
 
 44. Rienzi, the Roman Patriot. 
 
 45. When the Roman Empire was destroyed, it beg-an to 
 
 crumble, and the strong-est cities had to prepare for 
 a strug-gle for existence against the barbarians. 
 
 46. Florence, the birthplace of Amerig-o Vespucci; Genoa, 
 
 the birthplace of Columbus; Venice, built on seven- 
 ty-two small islands. 
 
 47. She was the daug-hter of a peasant and believed that 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 115 
 
 God had inspired her to save the French, Leaving- 
 home, she entered the army and led it to victory 
 ag-ainst the English. She had the Dauphin crowned 
 King of Rheims, and declared that her mission was 
 ended; but the silly King- insisted that she must re- 
 main with the army. She was captured by the En- 
 g-lish, and burned at the stake in 1431 at the ag-e of 20] 
 She foretold, amid the flames, that the Eng-lish would 
 soon meet with disasters. 
 
 48. a. A protestant reformer of Bohemia, b. Emperor of 
 
 Hung-ary and Bohemia, c. Emperor of Germany 
 before the Reformation. 
 
 49. The inventions of g-unpowder, printing- and the ma- 
 
 riner's compass. (See tables for authors, &c.) 
 
 50. They were extrem^ely severe. Heretics were burned 
 
 at the stake, w^hich was the punishment for severe 
 crimes, and was always administered by almost all 
 religious denominations and rulers. 
 
 51. 1. 1453— Close of the "Hundred Years War." 2. 
 
 Dowmfall of Constantinople. 3. 1491 — Expulsion of 
 the Moors from Spain. 4. 1492 — Discovery of 
 America. 5. 1500 — As a g-eneral date including- all 
 these events. 
 
 52. Deliverance of France; War of the Roses; Conquest of 
 
 Granada; Printing- of lirst book by Gutenburg; 
 The Tudor family comes to the throne of Eng-land; 
 Vasco DeGama doubles the Cape of Good Hope ; 
 Savonarola is burned at the stake; Charles VHL in- 
 vaded Italy; and Chivalry becomes obsolete. 
 
 53. William Caxton. 
 
 CKapter XXXIY.— Tnoderii ffistor/. 
 
 n. Other Countries than England. 
 They g-ave the French a thirst for conquest for which 
 Italy suffered often, and led to acquaintances which 
 
116 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 resulted in Philip, heir to the Netherlands, marry- 
 ing- Joanna, daug-hter of Ferdinand and Isabella, 
 while Catharine, Joanna's sister, married Arthur of 
 Eng-land, axid became heir to the British crown, up- 
 on the death of Henry, brother of Arthur. 
 
 2. He was at first successful, but committed such brutal 
 
 outrag-es, and his best g-eneral Gaston de Foix hav- 
 ing been killed at Ravenna in 1512, he was defeated. 
 
 3. Wealth and undisputed power had probabl}^ led the 
 
 church into some abuses, and some men thoug-ht 
 and felt that the Popes were not true representa- 
 tives of Christ. 
 
 4. The Diet of the Church at Spires, 1529, declared that 
 
 no changes from the doctrines and worship would 
 be allowed, and the German princes and cities that 
 p rofesfed 3.gsimst this were termed Protestants. 
 
 5. Denmark, Sweden and a part ot Germany and Switzer- 
 
 land, the Netherlands and Eng-land, 
 
 6. He was the g-reat g-rand-son of Charles the Bold of 
 
 Burgundy. 
 
 7. See p. 57. 
 
 8. Ignatius Loyola was a Spanish cavalier, who had once 
 
 been wounded in battle. He led a counter-influence 
 for the Catholic church ag-ainst Luther b}'" founding- 
 the g-rand order oi Jesuits. 
 
 9. The Guises were descended from the Dukes of Lor- 
 
 raine. Mary married James V. of Scotland, and her 
 daug-hter, Mar}^ married Francis II. of France. 
 Hence they hada wonderful influence, at the Scot- 
 tish and French courts, ag-ainst the English. The 
 Duke of Guise defended Metz ag-ainst Charles V. 
 who had an army of 100,000 men, and he captured 
 Calais. He has been accused of being- the chief pro- 
 moter of the massacre of St. Bartholomew — 1572, 
 and he seized Paris itself at one time. Henr}', the 
 heir to the French crown, invited him to a confer- 
 ence and had him stabbed to death. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 117 
 
 10. William, Prince of Orang-e, in the Netherlands. 
 
 11. In the war for the "Rise of the Dutch Republic," Wil- 
 
 liam attempted to unite them all tog-ether but failed. 
 The Ten lower provinces were however united to 
 the seven upper ones in 1814. 
 
 12. He was murdered in his own house by a hired assassin 
 
 of Philip II., of Spain in 1584. 
 
 13. His g"randson, William, who married Mary, daug-hter 
 
 of James II., of England, and headed the Revolution 
 of 1688, winning- the English crown. 
 
 14. His brother, Ferdinand, became emperor of Germany 
 
 and Duke of Austria; and Philip obtained Spain and 
 the Netherlands, yet they acted in concert. 
 
 15. He was the ruler of Turkey and the g"reat Mohamme- 
 
 dan leader of Modern Times. 
 
 16. Solyman had captured Cypress and alarmed all Europe. 
 
 The Spanish and Venetians succeeded in defeating- 
 the Turks in the battle of Lepanto, 1571. Solyman's 
 death caused a lull in the wars as his immediate suc- 
 cessor, Selim, was a weak monarch ; but when Mo- 
 hammed II. had murdered his nineteen brothers in 
 order to gain the throne, he, of course, renewed the 
 war, and at Kerestes, in 1596, 50,000 Christians were 
 slain. ■ The}', the Mohammedans, were, however, 
 beaten, and Bohemia and Hung-ary were relieved 
 from paying- them tribute. 
 
 17. The crowns of Bohemia and Hung-ary were resig-ned 
 
 to Ferdinand of Styria. The Bohemians revolted 
 against Ferdinand and chose Frederick the Palati- 
 nate, and son-in-law of James I. of Eng-land, as their 
 king-. See p. 61. 
 
 18. He was the Imperial g-eneral and leader of the Catholic 
 
 forces and was never defeated until he met Gusta- 
 vus Adolphus. He was assassinated under orders 
 of the emperor for treason, 
 
 19. He was the Protestant King- of Sweden, who led his 
 
 troops to victory ag-ainst the famous Wallenstein at 
 
118 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 Lutzeii in 1632. He died amid the victorious shouts 
 of his soldiers. 
 
 20. The Treaty of Westphalia in 1G48. 
 
 21. 1. It broug-ht the religious wars on the continent to an 
 
 end; 2. granted religious freedom; 3. recognized 
 the independence of Switzerland; 4. and Holland; 
 5. and gave Alsace to France; 6. and Pomerania to 
 Sweden. The causes were forg-otten. 
 
 22. Spain, Portugal, England, France, Holland and Sweden. 
 
 23. 1. The Spaniards settled in Mexico, S. A., Cuba, Hayti 
 
 and the Phillipines; 2. The Portuguese in Brazil and 
 various islands; 3. The English in Virginia, Mass., 
 N. H., Conn., R. I., N. C. and S. C, Georgia and 
 Guiana; 4. The Dutch in New York, Guiana, Java 
 and Spice Islands; 5. The French in Canada, Guiana 
 and La.; 6. The Swedes in Delaware. 
 
 24. She was only six 3^ears old when Gustavus Adolphus 
 
 her father was killed. She displayed remarkable 
 ability, but no steadiness of purpose, and became 
 tired of governing, so she resigned in favor of her 
 cousin Charles X., and spent the rest of her life in 
 aimless wandering. 
 
 25. Charles XII. of Sweden was a grandson of Charles X. 
 
 He came to the throne in 1697, at fifteen years of 
 age. His enemies attempted to take advantage of 
 his youth and divide his kingdom, but in two weeks 
 he defeated the King of Denmark. Russia had be- 
 sieged Narva with 80,000 men, and he went to its 
 relief with only 8,000 Swedes and beat them. Next 
 he crushed Poland, placing- Stanislaus Leczinksy on 
 the throne, and driving Augustus the Strong into 
 Saxony. Imagining himself a second Alexander he 
 invaded Russia, but was defeated at Pultowa in 1709, 
 and killed in a sieg^e in Norw^a}' before he reached 
 home in 1718. 
 
 26. He became joint-king with his demented half-brother, 
 
 when he was ten vears old. At the ag-e of seventeen 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 119 
 
 he siezed the crown for himself — 1689. He went to 
 England, Holland and other countries and learned 
 the art of ship-building-, and observed ever3^thing 
 that could be of an}'- use to his countr3\ He desired 
 an outlet on the Baltic sea, and entered into a coali- 
 tion with Poland and Denmark, to dismember 
 Sweden. Charles XH. was more than successful 
 against Peter at first, but the Russians learned les- 
 sons from his defeats, and finally succeeded in rout- 
 ing the Swedes at Pultowa, and raised Russia from 
 a fourth rate to first rate power. He died in 1725, 
 and w^as succeeded by his wife, Catherine I. 
 
 27. Catherine H. of Russia attempts to secure Poland, but 
 
 Austria and Prussia interfered and they agreed to 
 divide it into thirds. This was done in 1772. The 
 Poles under Kosciusko struggled fiercely but were 
 beaten b}^ 'overwhelming odds, and the most dis- 
 graceful act ever perpetrated in the annals of his- 
 torv was committed by the greedv trio. 
 
 28. Leo X., Gregory XHI. aiid Pius IX." 
 
 29. His grand-father, the elector of Brandenburg was 
 
 humored by the Emperor, and crowned as King of 
 Prussia. Frederick the Great came to the throne 
 in 1740, and having an inherent genius for war, he 
 entered the "War of the Austrian Succession," and 
 the "Seven Years War" — 1756-63, and by so doing 
 he placed Prussia among the leading powers of 
 Europe. 
 
 30. In 1740, Maria Theresa became heir to the Austrian 
 
 throne b}' the "Pragmatic Sanction" arranged by 
 her father, but other claims caused Prussia, France 
 and Spain to war against Great Britain and Holland. 
 The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 closed the war 
 and left Frederick in possession of Silesia. 
 
 31. Henry of Navarre, as Henry IV., was the first Bour- 
 
 bon. Louis XVI. the last one in successive order, 
 was beheaded in 1793. Louis XVIIL "tackled" the 
 
120 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 throne two or three times, but Napoleon I. interfer- 
 ed with his regal robes, as did Napoleon III. with an- 
 other King-dom. The Last Bourbon on the throne 
 was Charles X.— 1824-30. The Bourbons like the 
 Stuarts of England, believed in the "Divine Right 
 of Kings" and were obstinate and cruel at times. 
 The Revolution of 1830 placed Louis Phillippe on the 
 throne and since that time no Bourbon has applied 
 for the situation. 
 
 32. He had three things to accomplish, viz: to destroy the 
 
 Huguenots; subdue the nobles; and humble the 
 House of Hapsburg-or Austria. Under his regime, 
 Louis XIII. becam.e the "first man in Europe." 
 though he was only the "second man in France." 
 
 33. He was noted for bis false ideas of glory, his independ- 
 
 ence of ministers and reckless extravagance. 
 
 34. Louis XIV. became his own prime minister, and was 
 
 sole master of France for fifty years. 
 
 35. The King of Spain, Charles 11. , had willed his domin- 
 
 ions to the grandson of Louis XIV., who accepted the 
 crown in his (grand-son's) behalf. Other countries 
 feared that the union of two such powerful nations 
 would endanger Europe, so England, Holland and 
 Austria formed a Grand Alliance to prevent it. 
 They espoused 'the cause of Archdvike Charles of 
 Austria, but in the midst of the war, he became Em- 
 peror of Germany, so now they feared one as much 
 as the other. The Treaties of Utrecht and Rastadt 
 in 1714 closed the war, after twelve years of fighting 
 by which nothing was gained or lost in principle. 
 
 36. See p. 62. 
 
 37. She lost Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Hudson's Bay 
 
 in America, and all she had claimed of the Spanish 
 Netherlands. 
 
 38. See p. 67. 
 
 39. Jacobins, fCordeliers, Girondists, Royalists and Ter- 
 
 rorists. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 1^1 
 
 40. Danton, Marat and Robespierre. 
 
 41. Picheg-ru, Hoche, Jourdan, Moreau and Dumouriez. 
 
 42. That period from June 2, 1793 to July 28, 1794. 
 
 43. The Queen fled to England, but the little son Louis 
 
 XVII. died after two years suffering- in prison. Ro- 
 mance has pictured him as coming to America. 
 
 44. He was born on ,the island of Corsica in 1769, and at- 
 
 tended a military school at Brienne, in France, when 
 he was only ten years old, He was resolute, quar- 
 relsome and gloomy, but proud, a genius and a favor- 
 ite wnth his teachers. He entered the army as a 
 lieutenant and first distinguished himself at the 
 siege of Toulon. He married Josephine, widow of 
 Beauharnais, who was executed, and obtained com- 
 mand of the army of Italy in 1796. He was success- 
 ful in this campaign and afterwards defeated Aus- 
 tria. All Europe soon trembled at his power, for 
 monarchies crumbled and Kings tumbled at his 
 command. Victories succeeded each other, thick 
 and fast, until all Europe met him at Leipsic in 1813, 
 where he was defeated and banished to the island of 
 Elba. He escaped the guards, and in one hundred 
 days from the time of his banishment, was back 
 again, and met the allied arm_ies under Wellington 
 at Waterloo in 1815, but was beaten only because his 
 marshal Grouchy failed to appear on the scene of 
 action. He was again banished to an island — St. 
 Helena — where he died in 1821. Had he not made 
 some flagrant mistakes, the map of Europe might 
 today present different boundary lines to our vision. 
 
 45. He was a nephew of Napoleon I. and by means of a 
 
 revolution, he became the chief officer of the second 
 republic, which being changed to a monarchy made 
 him King— 1848-71. 
 
 46. Alexander I., Czar of Russia, proposed to the five great 
 
 powers of Russia, Austria, Prussia, France and 
 Great Britain that they "Remain united in true broth- 
 
122 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 erly love; g-overn their subjects as parents; and 
 maintain religion, peace and justice." This was 
 nice, but a spirit of Liberalism as opposed to Abso- 
 lutism, under despotic monarchs, arose and led to 
 the revolutions of 1848. 
 
 47. It occurred in 1823 and lasted until 1830. The Greeks 
 
 became independent of Turkey, and a Prince of 
 Denmark w^as placed on the throne. 
 
 48. 1. The Italians rebel ag-ainst Austria. 2. The Hun- 
 
 g-arians led by Kossuth revolt. 3. The Duchies of 
 of Schleswig- and Holstein rebel ag^ainst Denmark. 
 4. The Revolution in France. 5. The Chartists in 
 Eng-land. 6. The Revolution in Germany. 
 
 49. a. The war of Austria, with France, Russia, Saxony, 
 
 Sweden and Poland as allies ag-ainst Prussia to re- 
 cover Silesia. England alone aided Prussia. — 1756- 
 1763. b. It was Prussia and Italy against Austria, 
 this time, and Austria was defeated and shut out of 
 the German Empire. — 1866. c. The war of Prus- 
 sia and other German states ag-ainst France in 1870- 
 1871, in which France was defeated, and the King- 
 of Prussia became Emperor of Germany. 
 
 50. France desired to perpetuate German divisions, 
 
 and Napoleon III. imag-ined himself a second Bona- 
 parte^ and the French shouted "on to Berlin." The 
 Battles of Weissenburg-, Worth, Courcelles, Thion- 
 ville and Gravelotte were all German victories, and 
 Napoleon surrendered 80,000 men at Sedan, and his 
 g-eneral, Marshal Bazaine, 180,000 at Mitz. Thus 
 France, which held Europe in awe, under one Napo- 
 leon for 197 months, lay at the mercy of one nation 
 under another Napoleon, in seven months. 
 
 51. 1. The Pope ceases to be a temporal prince, because 
 
 the states of the Church were added to Italy. — 1878. 
 2. Turkey grants relig-ious toleration in 1878. 3. 
 Wilhelmina, the child queen, succeeds her father 
 William III. as ruler of the Netherlands. — 1890. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 123 
 
 4. *Alex?aider II; of Russia is assassinated in 1881. 
 
 5. The Edict of 1890 ag-ainst the Jews. 6. The 
 Famine of 1890-92. 7. Japan becomes a Constitu- 
 tional Monarchy.— 1889. 8. China and Japan war 
 with each other.— 1895. 9. The Russo-Turkish war 
 of 1878. 10. The Graeco-Turkish War of 1897. 
 11. Italian and Abyssinian affairs. — 1897. 12. Re- 
 bellion of Cuba and Philipines.— 1897-1898. 13. War 
 between United States and Spain.— 1898. 14. Death 
 of Hon. W. E. Gladstone.— 1898. 15. European in- 
 tervention in the Orient.— 1898. 16. Dewey's victo- 
 ry at Manila.— 1898. 
 
 II. England. 
 
 52. The wars with Francis I. and Charles V. The breach 
 
 with the Catholic Church, and domestic troubles. 
 
 53. See p. 60. 
 
 54. He was full of whims, obstinate and extremely cruel 
 
 and ung-enerous. 
 
 55. Cardinal Wolsley, his prime minister, was authorized 
 
 to procure a divorce for him from Catharine — No. 
 . 1 — so he could marry Anne Boleyn, but the King-, 
 suspecting- his fidelity, because the matter was de- 
 layed, had him arrested for treason. He died while 
 on his way to prison, broken-hearted. 
 
 56. Edward VI. in 1547. 
 
 57. The Duke of Somerset became reg-ent for Edward VI., 
 
 who was only ten years old. The Duke of North- 
 umberland an arch-enemy to Somerset persuaded 
 the King- to have him executed and set aside his 
 half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, and let his cousin 
 receive the crown. 
 
 58. This cousin, see 57, to the Duke was Lady Jane Grey, 
 
 a beautiful and accomplished g-irl, who was pro- 
 claimed Queen ag-ainst her wishes, and she and Lord 
 Dudley, her husband were imprisoned and executed 
 for treason. 
 
 *The same 3'ea.r Garfield was assassinated. 
 
124 OUTLINES OF GKNERAL HISTORY 
 
 59. She was the daug-hter of Henry VIII. and Catharine of 
 
 Arag-on, and married her cousin, Philip II. of Spain. 
 
 60. 1. The defeat of the Invincible Armada— 1588. 2. The 
 
 Independence of Holland. 3. Re-establishment of 
 Protestantism. 4. Increase of Commerce. 5. Her 
 numerous Favorites. 6. The "Aug-ustan Ag-e" of 
 Literature for the English. 7. Drake sails around 
 the Globe. 8. Hawkins traces the coast of Guinea. 
 9. Formation of the East India Company. 10. Col- 
 onization attempted by Raleigh in Va. 
 
 61. He was one of Queen Elizabeth's favorites, and made 
 
 the first attempt to colonize Virginia. He introduc- 
 ed smoking into England, and potatoes into Ireland. 
 He seems to have incurred the displeasure of the 
 Sovereign, and was imprisoned for thirteen years, 
 during which time he wrote a "History of the 
 World." King James I. released him and sent him 
 to S. A. for gold, but Raleigh found none, so he was 
 vexed, and had him beheaded. 
 
 62. It was weak and effeminate. He courted favors of 
 
 Spain, refused to help his son-in-law, the Elector- 
 Palatine of Germany, when England clamored for 
 w^ar, and Great Britain for a period ceased to be the 
 leading nation on the continent. 
 
 63. This was said of James I. of England. 
 
 64. Sully, the great French statesman. 
 
 65. The King attempted to establish absolutism as it was 
 
 in France, and in 1628 Parliament wrested from 
 him the Petition of Right, which curtailed the sov- 
 ereign's power. Charles disregarded all his promi- 
 ses and for eleven years ruled like Louis XL No 
 parliament had been convoked, and when the Scotch 
 invaded England the King had to succumb and call 
 a parliament. This was his "Waterloo," for the 
 parliament brought his famous advisers to the 
 block, and even the proud Charles himself mounted 
 the scaffold in 1649. 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 125 
 
 66. [a.] Hampden was the first parliamentarian g-eneral 
 
 and a cousin to Oliver Cromwell, [b.] Stafford and 
 Laud w^ere advisers of Charles I., and were executed 
 b}^ parliament for their cruel punishments. 
 
 67. The adherents of the King-'s cause were called cava- 
 
 liers^ and those who advocated the cause of Parlia- 
 ment were called Roundheads.. 
 
 68. Four years— 1642-48. 
 
 69. He was beheaded in 1649, as a result of his defeat b)" 
 
 parliament. 
 
 70. Oliver Cromwell who was styled the Protectorate of 
 
 the Commonwealth. 
 
 71. He belong-ed to that sturdy independent party of the 
 
 Puritans or Roundheads, and trained his army after 
 his own plan. Besides training- his "Ironsides," he 
 org-anized parliament in 1653. He had beaten the 
 Kind's forces, and made himself master of England. 
 His reig-n caused Eng-land to be respected and 
 honored abroad, but it was not popular at home. He 
 died in 1659 on the anniversary of his famous battles 
 of Dunbar and Worcester. 
 
 72. [a.] The Parliament which Charles I. called tog^ether, 
 
 sat for thirteen years — 1640-53, and was really not 
 dissolved for twenty years, 1660. [b.] The Parlia- 
 ment w^hich Charles I. called in order to get "ship- 
 money." It met April 13, 1640, and only sat two 
 days, being- dissolved by the King-. 
 
 73. It occurred in 1660 when Richard, the son of Oliver 
 
 Cromwell resig-ned the Protectorate, and General 
 Monk of Scotland marched to London, and under 
 his protection the "Long Parliament," discharg-ed 
 by Cromwell, met and issued writs of election for a 
 new one, and dissolved itself. The new parliament 
 met and proclaimed Charles II. King-. 
 
 74. Some of the Catholics being- much persecuted under 
 
 James I. 's reig-n, headed by Guy Fawkes, hid thirty- 
 six barrels of g-unpowder beneath fag-ots of fire- 
 
126 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 wood, and it was supposed that they intended to 
 blow up parliament. A discovery was made in time 
 to avert the calamity. — 1605. 
 
 75. a. Royalists and Parliamentarians ; b. Tories and 
 
 Whig-s; Conservatives and Liberals. 
 
 76. It was translated in 1611 in the reig-n of James I. 
 
 77. *Upon the death of James II., 1688, his son, James III., 
 
 desired the crown and was styled the '"Old Pretend- 
 er," and this soji^s son — Charles III. — was termed 
 "Young- Pretender." 
 
 78. Because of the fact that the "Revolution of 1688-9" 
 
 broug-ht William of Orang-e, who had married Mary, 
 a daug-hter of James II. to the throne. She was old- 
 er than young- James and they changed the law" of 
 succession so it would put a Protestant on the throne. 
 In 1745, the "Young Pretender" w^as defeated at 
 Culloden Moor, and the Stuarts were never heard of 
 again. 
 
 79. After the French and Indian War in 1763, the English 
 
 troops were stationed in America to protect Canada 
 from again falling into the hands of the French. 
 These troops were to be supported by the Ameri- 
 cans and added to this was the great taxation placed 
 upon the colonies by the mother country. The peo- 
 ple south of Canada, under the leadership of Wash- 
 ington, assisted by the French, gained their inde- 
 pendence, and became United States of America. 
 The Treaty at Paris of 1783 closed the war and 
 England acknowledged the countr}- to be free. 
 
 80. His brother William IV— 1830-37. 
 
 81. tin 1884, Czar Nicholas of Russia attempted to capture 
 
 some Turkish territory on the pretext of aiding the 
 Greek Christians to ob^iain certain holy places in Je- 
 rusalem. England and France became allies of 
 Turkey, and laid siege to Sebastopol in the Crimea. 
 In the battles of Balaklava, and Inkerman, they 
 
 *Read Lochiel's Warning' by Thomas Campbell 
 tRead Tennyson's "Chargre of the Light Bri,;^ade." 
 
OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 127 
 
 worsted the Russians so much that they beg-g-ed for 
 peace, relinquishing- all the territory conquered on 
 the Danube. — 1856. The East India Company be- 
 g-an to settle India in 1612. 
 
 82. The native soldiers in the English service in India re- 
 
 volted because their cartridges were greased, as this 
 was an insult to their religion. The massacres of 
 Delhi, Cawnpore and Lucknow followed. The Eng- 
 lish succeeded in quelling the mutiny in 1859, and 
 the East India Company turned the affairs of gov- 
 ernment over to the Queen, w^ho in 1876 took the title 
 of "Empress of India." 
 
 83. He was born in 1738, and v/as made Governor General 
 
 of India. To meet the expenses of a war carried on 
 against Hyder Ali, a Mohammedan warrior, in 1780, 
 he expelled a rich native King of Benares from his 
 dominion and confiscated his revenues. He after- 
 wards resigned his office; was tried on the charge of 
 malfeasance in office; acquitted at the trial; and 
 granted a pension of $20,000 per year. He died in 
 1818. 
 
 84. Tbe famous orator Edmund Burke. 
 
 85. It was colonized by English convicts in 1788 at Sydney. 
 
 Gold w^as discovered in 1851, and immigration pour- 
 ed in rapidly until there were soon eight colonies all 
 subject to England. Australia and the neighboring 
 islands of New Zealand, Tasmania and the Fijis 
 have all acknowledged Queen Victoria as their sov- 
 ereign. They are now 3,388,000 square miles in ex- 
 tent and have a population of 3,500,000 souls. 
 
 86. The '•'Impressment of American Seamen," and the 
 
 "Right of Search" /ci ^g-^/ them as practiced by the 
 English. French Jealousies. 
 
 87. See p. 72. 
 
 88. William E. Gladstone.' 
 
 89. 1837. 
 
 . 90. Lord Salisbury. 
 
128 
 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
 
 JJ-ti 
 
 91. "No power can exterminate the seeds of liberty when 
 g-enerated in the blood of brave men." 
 
 JUL J 1898 ^ 
 
 Errata. 
 
 Pag-e 10, Byzanitum should be 
 21. Overthrow 
 23. God, Good 
 26. Arbella 
 29. Dionysus 
 
 31. Sophodes 
 Themistodes 
 
 32. Russia [12] 
 
 33. Umbr-aus 
 Sabeins 
 Tarquin the Proud 
 
 34. Benevutum should be 
 Tiebia 
 Caunae 
 
 40. Planutus 
 48. Bufus 
 53. Latfu 
 56. War [1-4] 
 59. 1358 
 70. Bazane 
 78. Bleuhem 
 80. 15th ' 
 88. bids [125] 
 92. became [48] 
 
 Byzantium, 
 overthrows. 
 God of Good. 
 Arbela. 
 Dionysius. 
 Sophocles. 
 Themistodes. 
 Prussia. 
 Umbrians. 
 Sabines. 
 )ne King- omitted. 
 Beneventum. 
 Trebia. 
 Cannae. 
 Plautus. 
 Rufus. 
 Latin. 
 Wars. 
 1558. 
 Bazaine. 
 Blenheim. 
 18th. 
 birds, 
 became. 
 
 85 
 

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