Glass. Book. A COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY. BY THE REV. JOSEPH BOSWORTH, D.D. F.R.S. F.S.A. DR. PHIL. OF LEYDEN, ETC. Anglo-Saxon, that is Angle, Engle or English Saxon, is the language of the Piatt, Low, or North Part of Germany, — Drought into this country by the Jutes, Angles and Saxons, — and modified and written in England. LONDON : JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 4, OLD COMPTON STREET, SOHO SQUARE. MDCCCXLVI1I. ^ 1>oi m £ TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE FRANCIS (GOWER) EGERTON, EARL OF ELLESMERE. PREFACE. 1. Words are the creation of mind. With the faculty of speech, man was endowed with exalted mental powers, and warm social feelings ; but the thoughts of his mind and the feelings of his heart lay hid within him, and could not be communicated, till by the creative power of his mind, he formed words to express them. Words then are, — the medium of communicating our thoughts and feelings, and rendering them audible, — the means by which the knowledge and experience of age are added to the store and made the property of the young, — the vehicle by which mind is brought into contact with mind, and the eternal mind made known ; for, by the written word, the Creator's will is revealed to man. 2. As words were formed to convey not only the thoughts of the mind, but the feelings of the heart, they would, in the first production or subsequent alteration of a language, naturally take that shape which would best represent the mental and physical powers. Those sounds would be selected which were adapted to the frame of the organs, and the feelings to be expressed. The consonants being the strength, and the vowels the vivifying principle, the life, spirit and feeling of words, the predominance of one of these elements or their more equable succession, would depend upon the physical constitution. A robust conformation of the bodily frame, and great energy of mind, would, therefore, naturally express itself in words of corresponding strength and tone. These are the features which distinguish the languages of Gothic origin, especially the Anglo-Saxon, with its immediate descendant, the modern English, which has the strength of iron, with the gleam and sparkling of burnished steel.* 3. Instead of continuing to associate with the Gothic tribes, nothing but ignorance, cruelty, and barbarity, let us ever remember, — that we are indebted to them for our strong physical powers, our nervous language, and our unrivalled freedom under our glorious constitution, — that they still live in our popular traditions, and perpetual discourse. Disgusted by the effeminacy and vices of the Romans, they subdued the empire, and became its moral reformers.f We may, therefore, well conclude, with the author of the Spirit of Laws : — "What ought to recommend the Gothic race, beyond every people upon earth, is, that they afforded the great resource to the liberty of Europe, that is, to almost all the liberty that is among men. Jornandes, the Goth, calls the north of Europe ' The Forge of Mankind,' — I should rather call it, the forge of those instru- ments which broke the fetters manufactured in the south. It was there, those valiant nations were bred, who left their native climes to destroy tyrants and liberate slaves,, and to teach men that, nature having made them equal, no reason could be assigned for their becoming dependent, but their mutual happiness." 4. Wherever these tribes appeared, liberty prevailed. They thought and acted for themselves. They were free, and loved the language of freedom. Where is the Englishman that does not feel his heart beat with conscious pride and independence, when he considers his Freedom ? He feels he has a. free doom, province or jurisdiction, in which none dare interfere, — he is entirely free, — free to enjoy, and do all the good of which his benevolent nature is capable. How tame is the Romanised liberty, in comparison with the old * An. p. VI. t The Origin of the English, Germanic and Scandinavian Languages, and Nations, &c. by he Rev. Joseph Bosworth, DD. p. 207. B2 IV PREFACE. Gothic, Germanic and English Freedom ! With boasted liberty superficially on the lip, there is often licentiousness, and consequent oppression, — but we feel Freedom to be more deeply seated, even in the heart : — here Freedom is not only enjoyed, but cordially permitted, and extended to all. Tbis is true, heartfelt Freedom, and we derived it from our Anglo-Saxon forefathers. Every English- man who glories in the vigour of his Father land, — who would clearly under- stand, and feel the full force of his Mother tongue, ought to study Anglo- Saxon, as this is the immediate and copious source of the English language. It is estimated that in English there are about 38,000 words. Of these, about 23,000, or more than five-eighths, are of Anglo-Saxon origin. Not only in the number of words, but in their peculiar character and importance, as well as their influence on grammatical forms, it must be universally acknowledged that Anglo-Saxon constitutes its principal strength. At the same time that our chief peculiarities of structure and idiom are essentially Anglo-Saxon, from the same copious fountain have sprung, — words designating the greater part of objects of sense, — the terms which occur most frequently in discourse, and which recall the most vivid conceptions, as, Sun, moon, earth, fire, spring, day, night, heal, cold, sea, land, etc., — words expressive of the dearest connexions, the strongest and most powerful feelings of nature, from our earliest days; as, Mother, father, sister, brother, wife, home, childhood, play, etc. — the language of busi- ness, of the shop, the market, the street, the farm, and of every day life, — our national proverbs, — our language of humour, satire, and colloquial pleasantry, — the most energetic words we can employ whether of kindness or invective, — in short, words expressive of our strongest emotions, and actions, in all the most stirring scenes of life, from the cradle to the grave. Every speaker or writer then, who would not only convince the understanding, but touch the heart, must avoid Latinised expressions, and adopt Anglo-Saxon, which from early use and the dearest associations excite emotion, and affect the heart. Though a word of Latin or Anglo-Saxon origin may be equally well understood, the one will impart the most vivid, and the other the most frigid conception of the meaning. The difference is that of the winter's and summer's sun. The light of the former may be as clear and dazzling as that of the latter, but the genial warmth is gone.* 5. This view of the language will clearly shew its importance to every English- man, but a short account of the origin of the present inhabitants of England, will prove that we owe our physical vigour, yea, our very being, as well as our expressive language to the Gothic tribes, the Jutes, the Saxons and Angles. — The Saxons, like all the Teutoni or Germans, were of oriental origin. They may have derived their appellation from the Sakai or Sacee, who probably gave the name of Sakasina to part of Armenia. The Saxons were as far westward as the Elbe in the days of Ptolemy, a.d. 90; and, therefore, in all probability, amongst the first Germanic or Teutonic tribes, that visited Europe. Their situation between the Elbe and the Eyder in the south of Denmark, seems to indicate that they moved amongst the foremost columns of the vast Teutonic emigration. These tribes, the Jutes,, the Saxons and Angles, which successively obtained settlements in Britain, will only claim particular attention. 6. The Jutes [Iotas] gained the first possessions. Hengist and Horsa, two brothers, from Jutland in Denmark, arrived in three small ships at Ebbs-fleet, on the Isle of Thanet, in a.d. 449. f These Jutes had this island assigned to them as a reward for assisting the Britons against the Picts and Scots. They sub- sequently obtained possession of Kent, the Isle of Wight, and part of Hampshire. * See, Edinburgh Rev. No. 141, October, 1839, p. 222—23-2. t Lappenberg says, " The right year is known to be 450.'' See History of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings, translated by B. Thorpe, Esq. vol. 1, p. 75. PREFACE. V 7. The Saxons had a very extensive territory. The first Saxon kingdom was established by Ella in a.d. 491, under the name of the South-Saxons [SirS- Seaxe], now including Sussex, and part of Surrey. — In 494, another powerful colony arrived under Cerdic ; and, being West of the other, they were called West-Saxons [West-Seaxe] : they occupied Hants, Berks, Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and part of Cornwall. — A third Saxon kingdom, in a.d. 527, was planted in Essex, Middlesex, and the south 'of Hertfordshire, under the name of East- Saxons [East-Seaxe], hence the modern word, Essex. 8. The Angles [Engle], from Anglen, the country between Flensburg and the Schley, in the south-east of the Duchy of Sleswick in Denmark, settled about a.d. 527, in East Anglia, containing Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge, and part of Bedfordshire. — Ida, in a.d. 547, began to establish himself in Bernicia, compre- hending Northumberland and the south of Scotland between the Tweed and the Firth of Forth.— About a.d. 559 Ella conquered Deira [Deora msegS] lying between the Humber and the Tweed, including the counties of York, Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lancashire. — Mercia was formed into an independent state by Crida, about a.d. 586, bounded by the Thames, Humber, and Severn, and comprehended the counties of Chester, Derby, Nottingham, Lincoln, Northampton, Rutland, Huntingdon, the north of Beds, Hertford, Warwick, Bucks, Oxon, Worcester, Hereford, Gloucester, Staf- ford and Salop. 9. Thus, it appears that, 1 Jute, 3 Saxon, and 4 Angle, altogether 8 king- doms were established in Britain by the year 586, and that the Angles and Saxons bore the leading and chief part in the expeditions, they, therefore, when settled in this country, were collectively called Anglo-Saxons. The Angles [Engle] were the most numerous, and so predominated as to call the land of their adoption Engla land, the Eugles' or Angles' land, contracted into England. 10. Anglo-Saxon, that is Angle, Engle or English-Saxon, is the language of the Piatt, Low, Flat, or North part of Germany, brought into this country by the Jutes, the Angles, and Saxons, and modified and written in England. Those, who remained in their old locality on the continent, had the name of Old-Saxons, and their language Old-Saxon, but those settled in Britain were properly desig- nated Anglo-Saxons, and their language, perfected and written in England, was called Anglo-Saxon. We are indebted to King Alfred, and the numerous writings of Alfric for the best specimens of Anglo-Saxon, the language spoken and written in England in their times. The early poems on Beowulf, and the poetry of Caedmou have an anterior date. Many Anglo-Saxon works have been published* to which continental writers have easy access, but much still remains to be printed before the erudite Germans and Danes can have the same advan- tages, which are offered to us in an easy access to our rich manuscript stores. 11. Those who desire to trace the origin of Anglo-Saxon, or to compare it with cognate dialects, must first go to the 01d-Saxon,f the Low-German spoken by the continental race, remaining in the localities from which the Jutes, the Angles, and Saxons migrated to England. There is not any written specimen of the language spoken by these Old-Saxons; but, in a collateral dialect, there is a fine poem of the ninth century, called Heliand, J Healer or Saviour, Some of the Low German race migrated to England and were denominated Anglo, or * See a list of them in The Origin of the English, Germanic, and Scandinavian Languages, and Nations, by the Rev. Joseph Bosworth, D.D. p. 18. A more complete list will be found in Biographia Britannica Literaria, by Thomas Wright, Esq. M.A. Vol. I. p. 528—537: and in An Historical Sketch of the Progress and present State of Anglo Saxon Literature in England, by John Pelheram, Lond. 1840. See also Bibliotheque Anglo-Saxonne, par Fran- cisque Michel, Paris, 1837. t See, in Dictionary, Eald-Seaxe, and Seaxe. t Heliand. Poeina Saxonicum seculi noni. Edidit J. Andrea9 Schmeller, Monachii, Stutgartise et Tubinga;, 4to. 1830.— Glossarium Saxonicum e poemate Heliand, etc. 4to. 1840. VI PREFACE. English Saxons, others passed to the lower Rhine and settled there. This Heliand is written in the dialect of these Rhenish Old Saxons, it is, therefore, a sister dialect, and of the first importance in illustrating Anglo-Saxon. Recourse may then be had to other works in Piatt, or Low-German.* The High-German, the Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish may then be consulted, and traced to their oriental origin. None of the German or Scandinavian dialects have writings of an earlier date than the Anglo-Saxons, except the Germanic in the Moeso-Gothic Gospels of Ulphilas, a.d. 370, and some Icelandic. As a zealous attempt has been made to trace the origin and history of these languages, in the preface to " A Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language,"f and now pub^ lished as a separate work, J it is unnecessary to proceed with any further par- ticulars. 12. Before the plan of this Dictionary is detailed, a precise list of preceding works on the subject must be given, with a reference to the Glossaries and Indexes which have been found useful. I. Dictionaries. — I, Dictionarivm Saxonico-Latino-Anglicum voces, phrasesque prae- cipuas Anglo-Saxonicas, e libris, sive manuscriptis, sive typis excusis, aliisque monumentis turn publkis, turn privatis, magna diligentia collectas ; cum Latina et Anglica vocum interpre- tatione complectens. Arljectis interdum exemplis, vocum etymologiis, et cum cognatis Unguis collationibus, plurimisque in gratiam linguae Anglo-Saxonicae studiosorum observationibus. Opera et Stvdio Gvliel. Somneri Cantuariensis. Accesservnt ^Elfrici Abbatis Grammatica Latino-Saxonica, cvm Glossario suo ejusdem generis. Fol. Oxonii, 1659. — 2. Voeabulariutn Anglo-Saxonicum, Lexico Gul. Somneri magna parte auctius. Opera Thomce Benson, Art. Bac. e Collegio Reginae. 8vo. Oxoniae, 1701. — 3. Dictionarium Saxonico et Gothico Latinum. Auctore Edvardo Lye, A.M. Rectore de Yardley-Hastings in agro Nortliantoniensi. Acceduut fragmenta versionis Ulphilanas, necnon opuscula quaedam Anglo-Saxonica. Edidit, nonnullis vocabulis atixit, plurimis exemplis illustravit et Grammaticam utriusque linguae praemisit, Owen Manning, S. T. B. Canon. Lincoln. Vicarius de Godelming, et Rector de Paperharow in agro Surreiensi, necnon Reg. Societ. et Reg. Societ. Antiqu. Lond. socius, Londini, 2 vol. Fol. 1772. — 4. A Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language, containing the Accentuation — the Grammatical Inflections — the Irregular Words referred to their Themes — the Parallel Terms from the other Gothic Languages — the Meaning of the Anglo-Saxon in English and Latin — and copious English and Latin Indexes, serving as a Dictionary of English and Anglo-Saxon, as well as of Latin and Anglo-Saxon. With a Preface on the Origin and Connexion of the Germanic tongues — a Map of Languages — and the Essentials of Anglo-Saxon Grammar. By the Rev. J. Bosioorth, LL.D. Dr. Phil, of Leyden, etc. One vol. Royal 8vo. 1838. Price, in cloth boards, 42s. — II. Glossaries, etc. 1. ' Apxa-iovopia, sive de priscis Anglorura legibus libri, etc. Cum Glossario, Gulielmo Lombardo, 1568, 1643. — b. Leges Anglo- Saxonicas Ecclesiasticae et Civiles, etc. Glossarium adjecit David Wilkins, S. T. P. Canonicua Cantuariensis. Fol. 1721. — c. Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, etc. with a compendious Glossary, etc. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1840. — 2. Nominum Locorum quae in Chronico Saxonico memorantur, explieatio: appended to Chronicon Saxonicum Edmundi Gibson, 1692. — b. Ingram's Saxon Chronicle, 1823. — 3. Glossary to Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, by Benjamin Thorpe, F.S.A. 1834, 1846. — 4. A Glossary of words occurring in the story of Apollonius.not explained in the Glossary to the Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, by B. Thorpe, Esq. 1834. — 5. Glossary to the Anglo-Saxon Poems on Beowulf, by J. M. Kemble, Esq. M.A. 1833, 1837. — 6. Erhliirung der Angelsachsischen Worter, in Sprachproben, von Heinrich Leo, 1838. — III. Indexes. 1. Index nominum propriorum ; appended to Thorkelin's Beowulf, 1815 — : 2. Verbal Index to Rask's Anglo-Saxon Gr. translated by B. Thorpe, Esq. 1830. — 3. Verbal Index to Csedmon's Metrical Paraphrase, by Benjamin Thorpe, Esq. F.S.A. 1832. — 4. Register: Andreas und Elene von Jacob Grimm, 1840.— 5. Verbal Index to Codex Exoniensis, by Benjamin Thorpe, Esq. F.S.A. 1842. * See a list of works in The Origin of the English, Germanic, and Scandinavian Languages and Nations, p. 81 — 91. f See paragraph 12, Dictionaries, 4. $ The Origin of the English, Germanic, and Scandinavian Languages and Nations, with a 6ketchof their early Literature, and short Chronological Specimens of Anglo-Saxon, Friesic, Flemish, Dutch, German from the Moeso-Goths to the present time, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish ; tracing the progress of these Languages, and their connexion with the modern English ; together with the Oriental Origin of Alphabetic Writing, and its extension to the West. A map of European Languages is prefixed, with notes on the progressive population pf Europe from the East, by the Iberians, Finns, Celts, and Germans, especially referring to the Settlement of the Saxons in Britain, by The Rev. Joseph Bosworth, D.D. 8vo. 1848. PREFACE. VU 13. The present volume has no higher aim than to give in English a com- pendious explanation of Anglo-Saxon words. It is not, as was first intended, a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary mentioned in the preceding para- graph, but almost entirely a new work, containing, in one alphabetical order, a great number of words hitherto omitted. In this compendious Dictionary, and in The Origin of the English, etc.* will be found, at a very moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable, in the thick and expensive octavo, with a great accession of new words and matter ; some of which may be seen under B6c-land, Folc-land, Tun, etc. The great object has been to supply, in this Compendious Dictionary, a cheap and useful manual for the study of Anglo- Saxon. 14. Though the writings of the celebrated Dr. James Grimm, and his learned countrymen, with their disciples in England, have been carefully examined, and the lexicographical arrangements of Graff, f Leo, % etc. been investigated, they have only been followed where they appeared practical. Indeed, while there has been, in the progress of this Dictionary, the most earnest wish, and constant exertion to examine all that has been written, and to go into the matter as deeply as possible, no pains have been spared to bring the result to the surface, and make it tend to practical utility. To render it a comprehensive practical manual, a plan has been adopted to combine the advantages of an etymologi- cal classification, without materially departing from the simplicity and facility of the usual alphabetical arrangement. The radical word is first given, with its grammatical inflections and different meanings, then follow the compounds and derivatives, indicated by Her. The Prefixes have a hyphen [-,] after them : the Postfixes, arranged alphabetically, have a dash [. — ] before them, and their meanings attached. The chief compounds are thus brought into immediate con- nexion with the primitive ; and, thus, the real, the etymological signification is at once evident, and the explanations very much abridged. The dash . — ena- bles the eye instantly to catch the words, in their alphabetical order, almost as easily as if each word commenced a line. This plan produces so great a saving of space as very much to diminish the size and consequently the price of the book. — This is the general arrangement; the details follow. 15. Words. — It was originally intended to exclude all impure Anglo-Saxon words, but it was subsequently found desirable to take a wider range ; and that for general purposes, this Compendious Dictionary might supply the place of the large and expensive works of Somner, Lye, etc. many words, for which no other authority could be found, are given with the orthography, inflection, and meaning on their responsibility. Some impure words are taken from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle with their date affixed, and others in the Northumbrian dialect from the Rushworth Gloss, and the Durham-Book, § but their age and impurity are easily ascertained by the letters of reference. 16. Orthography. — The important aid to be derived from the erudite la- bours of Professor Rask and Grimm, as well as of those who adopt their system, has. constantly been kept in view. The orthography of the numerous words taken from the works of these celebrated men, and of their followers, Professor Leo, J. M. Kemble, Esq. M.A., B. Thorpe, Esq. etc. is adopted, when corroborated by Anglo-Saxon authors, in other cases their names are cited as the authority. Though that orthography is adopted which has the sanction of the best authors, yet the principal variations, in the literal expression of a word, are added in the order in which they differ from what is deemed the correct spelling. No fancy * See, preceding paragraph, note %. t Althochdeutscher Sprachschatz, von Dr. E. G. Graff, Berlin, 4to. 1834 — 1842. t Altsiichsische und Angelsachsische Sprachproben. Herausgegeben und mit einem erklarenden Verzeichnis9 der Angelsachsischen Wbrter versehen von Heinrich Leo, 1838. % See, C. R. in Explanation of the contractions. Till PREFACE. or presumption has been permitted, but all authors have been allowed to present their words in their own dress, without any desire to dictate the mode in which it is now presumed they ought to have written : the determination has been to give what they really wrote, and not what it is presumed they ought to have written. Should it be objected, that words of unusual orthography or impossi- ble forms have been introduced, it is deemed a sufficient excuse that they have been found so written. Mr. Halbertsma* is of opinion that it is of great importance to note the difference in the spelling of words, as we thus see the difficulty which the writer had in determining what letters he ought to use to give the proper sound of the word. Unable to satisfy himself, in groping about for the proper letters, he would naturally interchange those that had a kindred sound. The proper letter may generally be determined, by assuming an inter- mediate one, between those he employs.f 17. Accent. — Mr. Halbertsma pointedly asks — " Is not the English tongue, as to its descent and substance, still a genuine daughter of the Anglo-Saxon ? Does she not bear, to this very day, some features of her fair mother, notwith- standing her foreign ornaments? Do not many Anglo-Saxon vowels still exist in Yorkshire, in Scotland, and in other provincial dialects of England? May not the English alone boast of having preserved the true sound of the old etch, [b th] which has disappeared from the whole Continent of Europe, so as not to leave the means of forming a faint idea of the sound of this consonant, without the aid of English ? Why should we consult only the Gothic, or what is still more remote from Anglo-Saxon, the Icelandic ? Why should that which is unknown be sought amongst the unknown, rather than in that which is known in the remains of the old sounds of the language? .... I presume that no source can shed so much light on the pronuncia- tion and other peculiarities of the Anglo-Saxon, as the English. "J These significant queries and just remarks have had due weight in the appli- cation of the accent in this work, where it is only used to denote the long vowels. Though much care has been taken in accenting the vowels, it is feared that errors will be discovered, especially on a subject like this, where the best authorities are not unfrequently in direct opposition. § 18. Permutation. — The observations on the permutation of letters may seem to trench on the province of grammar : they are made to account for the changes in words, the irregular parts of which are given in this Dictionary, and referred to their themes ; as Daga, dagas, v. Dseg. v. also M. 19. Inflections. — No pains have been spared to ascertain and clearly ex- press the precise grammatical inflections. Nouns have their genitive cases and genders, and verbs their principal tenses with their irregularities given, so as to save the trouble of referring to any peculiar grammatical system. It has been said, || that nouns ending in a single consonant, after a short vowel, double the last consonant in declining ; but as a double letter is often found at the end of Anglo-Saxon words, it would perhaps be better to allow such words to retain their double letters, as they often do in this Dictionary. Thus the origin of double letters at the end of English words, would be seen, at the same time that the Anglo-Saxon declension would be rendered more clear ; as, Bill, es ; n. A bill. — Gelicness, e ; /. Likeness. 20. Gender. — The terminating syllables have required great attention, as the gender and declension are generally determined by the form of the last syllable. It seems to be a general rule, that words, denoting things without life with the termination of the name of males, are masculine,^ and those taking the endings of female names, are feminine. It has often been very difficult to discover the gender ; and, after much research, the result has not unfrequently * See, The Origin of the Eng. Ger. and Scan. Languages, etc. p. 37, § 9, 10. t See more in The Origin of the Eng. Germ, and Scan. Languages, etc. p, 37, § 7 — 10. X See, The Origin of the Eng. Germ, and Scand. Languages, etc. p. 78, § 127. § Id. p. 80, § 130. ji See, Essentials of Anglo-Saxon Gr. p. 11, § 12; alsoRask's Anglo-Saxon Gr. p. 37, § 82. % Such are all nouns ending in, -a. v. A, 8. p. 11, of this Dictionary. PREFACE. IK been doubtful. The best authors have been followed, for inferior writers very often confuse the genders. 21. Meaning. — The meaning of the Anglo-Saxon is given in English words, which most resemble Anglo-Saxon ; and, for this purpose, there has not been any scruple in using some obsolete words and modern provincial terms. The Anglo- Saxon and English words are often identical in signification ; one word clearly defining the other renders the explanation as brief as possible ; as, Dseg, 1. " A " day. 2. The time of a man's life." The radical or original signification is placed first, the other meanings are then arranged in that order which appeared most accordant with the association of ideas ; as, Feoh, " 1. Cattle, living ani- " mak.— Cattle being used in early times as a medium of exchange ; hence, " 2. Money, value, price, hire, stipend, fee, reward. — As property chiefly con- " sisted of cattle ; bence, 3. Goods, property, riches, wealth." See also, Feorh, Fyrd, Mor, Tun, etc. — In compound words it has generally been deemed suffi- cient to give the literal sense of each part, but where the composition could not be mistaken, being closely allied to the English, and the compound could be clearly expressed by one word, this brevity has been preferred ; as, Dseg-candel The sun, the literal meaning, The light or candle of day, being evident. In words taken from old Glossaries, with only a Latin meaning, there was no alter- native but to translate the Latin into English, and when possible, verifying the signification by the analogy and derivation of cognate words in other Germanic Languages, especially the Old-Saxon. When the signification of the corrupt Latin could not be discovered, the Latin has been retained, with the hope that others may be more successful in discovering the meaning. 22. Phrases. — Immediately after the general signification, follow the idio- matical expressions and phrases, with a translation; as, Don, gedon To do, &c. Lif don To live. — Don to witanne To do to wit, to make to know or understand. 23. Derivatives. — The compounds and derivatives immediately follow the explanation of the primitives. They occupy very little space, and the plan is so simple that scarcely a word of explanation is necessary. — The prefixes are naturally placed first ; thus, Dseg A day, etc. — Der. M'v-, aldor-, deirS-, dom-, etc. that is, JE'rdaeg, aldordseg, dea^dseg, etc. the meanings of which will be found in the alphabetical order. Then follow the other derivatives, separated by a colon, as : dseges, an-, forS- ; that is A'ndseges, forSdseges. — Lastly, come the •postfixes, arranged alphabetically, with their significations; as, — Deeg-candel, es ; n. The sun. — dse'd, e ,• /. etc. See also, Beran, Cunnan, Don, etc. 24. Such is a minute detail of the plan proposed, but it is painfully manifest, that, while it was comparatively easy to arrange a plan, it has been very difficult, especially with failing sight and much physical debility, to carry it into exe- cution with any thing like satisfaction. While a deep consciousness of liability to err has produced a constant care to avoid a dictatorial and dogmatical spirit, there has been an equally constant and firm resolve to seek for truth, and to follow it, whether favourable or adverse to previous opinions. In short, the writer can conscientiously affirm, notwithstanding the iui perfections of the work, that no efforts of his have been wanting to make it as complete as was in his power ; and, if he may be allowed to adopt the words of King Alfred, written on another subject, he would say — " Him ne wite gif he rihtlicor ongite Jjonne he " mihte : for)>am)>e aelc mon sceal, be his andgites mse^e and be his aemettan, " sprecan )>aet he sprecS, and don pset jjset hede^."* * Proem, to King Alfred's translation of Boethius. London, 1829, v. Card. EXPLANATION OF THE CONTRACTIONS. a. Stands for Accusative case. ab. Ablative case. etc. v. a. adj. Adjective. adv. Adverb. Alph. Alphabetical order. An. The Glossary to Analecta Anglo - Saxonica, by B. Thorpe, Esq. F.S.A. 1834, and 1846. Apl. The Glossary to Apollo- nius of Tyre, Anglo-Saxon and English, by B. Thorpe, Esq. F.S.A. 1834. A. S. Anglo-Saxon, or Anglo- Saxons. B. Benson's Vocabularium Anslo-Saxonicum, 1701. Be. Beo. v. K. Boet. Boethius ; Prose by J. S. Cardale, Esq. 1829: Metre by the Rev. S. Fox, M.A. 1835. C. The Cotton MS. of the Gospels, now in the British Museum. Nero D. 4. This is the celebrated Durham Book, or Northumbrian Gloss. The Vulgate Latin text was written about a.d. 680, and the interlinear Anglo-Saxon Gloss, in most beau tiful writing, was added, by Aldred, about a.d. 900. v. The origin of the English, Germanic, and Scandinavian Languages and Nations, p, 22. $11. Card. Cardale, v. Boel. Cd. Cajdmon's Metrical Para- phrase, Anglo-Saxon and English, by B. Thorpe, Esq, F.S.A. 1832. C. Ex. v. Ex. Ch. The Anglo-Saxon Chro- nicle, by the Rev. Dr. In- gram, 1823. cmp. Comparative degree. cnj. Conjunction. Cod. Ex- v. Ex. conj. Conjunction. d. Dative case. del. Declension. def. Definite declension. Ber. Derived from, or Deriva- tives of. Ess. Essentialsof Anglo-Saxon Grammar. etc. etc. Etcaetera, and so forth. Ex. Codex Exoniensis, bv B. Thorpe, Esq. F.S.A. 184 _ 2. f. Feminine gender. G. Grimm's Deutsche Gram- matik, 1822 — 1837, and 1840.— Andreas und Elene, 1840, ere. g. Genitive case. H. Halbertsma, a learned writer on the Frie9ic lan- guage, v. The origin of the English, Germanic, and ScandinavianLanguagesand Nations, p. 34, etc. id. Idem, the same. im. imp. Imperative mood. ind. Indicative mood. indcl. Indeclinable. inclf. indef. Indefinite tense. inf. Infinitive mood. ir. Irregular. K. The Glossary to the Anglo- Saxon Poems on Beowulf, by John M. Kemble, Esq. M.A. etc 1835—1837, etc. K. Cod. Codex Diplomaticus iEvi Saxonici, opera Johan- nis M. Kemble, 1839—1840. K. gl. v. K. K. N. On the Names, Sur- names, and Nicnames of the Anglo » Saxons, by J. M. Kemble, Esq. 1846. L, Lye's Dictionarium Sax- onico et Gothico-Latinum, 1772. Be. Altsachsische und Angel- sachsische Sprachproben, von Heinrich Leo, Halle, 1838. M. Manning's Supplement to Lye's Dictionarium, etc. m. Masculine gender. Mo. Mone's Quellen und For- schungen, Leipzig, 1830. n. Neuter gender. nm. Nominative. norn. v. nm p. Perfect tense. 10 part. Participle. pi. Plural number. pp. Perfect Participle. prep. Preposition. prn.pron. Pronoun. prt. v. part. q. Quere, doubt. q. v. Quod vide. R. The Rushworth or North- umbrian Gloss or version of the four Gospels, written in the 10th century, v. The origin of the Eng. Ger- manic, and Scan. Lang, and Nations, p. 23, § 12. Rsh. v. R. Bsk. v. Th. R. S. Dictionarium Saxonico- Latino-Anglicum, opera et etudioGuliel. Somneri,1659. s. Singular number. sbj. Subjunctive mood. sp. Superlative degree. sub. v. sbj. Slip. v. sp. Th. Cd. v. Cd. Th. gl. Glossary to the An- cient Laws and Institutes of England, [Anglo-Saxon Laws] by B. Thorpe, Esq. F.S.A. 1840. Th. L. Ancient Laws and In- stitutes of England, by B. Thorpe, Esq. v. Th. gl. Th. Lap. Lappenberg's His- tory of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings, trans- lated by B. Thorpe, Esq. F.S.A. 1845. Th.ps. Libri Psalmorum verao antiqua Latina ; cum Para- phrasi Anglo-Saxonica, edi- dit BenjaminThorpe.S.A.S. 1835. Th. R. Rask's Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon Tongue, translated by B. Thorpe, Esq. 1830. v. Vide. v. a. Verb active. V. 6. A Guide to the Anglo- Saxon Tongue, a Grammar after Rask by E. J. Vernon , B.A. 1846. v. n. Verb neuter. A COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY. A 1. The short or unaccented Anglo-Saxon a, is contained in the following words, which are represented by modern English terms of the same import, having the sound of a in man ; as, Can, man, span, band, land, sand, dranc, cat, camp, etc. 2. The short a is often found in the final syllables of in- flections, -a, -an, -as, -a$, etc. It generally appears in the radix before a doubled consonant, asSwamm^/wrt- gus j wann wan — or two different consonants, as mp, mb, nt, nc, ng, etc. — Camp, lamb, dranc, lang, etc. 3. The radicalshorta, can only stand before a single conso- nant, and st, sc, when this single consonant, and these double letters are again fol- lowed, in the inflections, by a, o, u, in nouns ; a, o, u, e, in adjectives ; and a,o,u,ia in verbs; as Dagas,daga,from daeg, fatu from faet, gastas from gaest, ascas from aesc ; : — smales, smale, smalost, smalu, from smael Small ; — lates latu, latost from laet Late: — Stapan, faran, wa- fian. Grimm's Ueut. Oram, vol. I. p.-i-Zi, 2nd edit. 1822. — In other cases, the short or unaccented a- tion or praying days, M. — -begdon Bowed down. — be- gendlicBendingS — beh6fian To behoove, to be Jit or proper. — be 1 tran To anger, offend. — be6dan ; p. -bead ; pp. -boden To announce, re- late, declare, to elicit, com- mand. — beogan To bow, de- part. — b6rau To bear, car- ry, suffer. — berd, -bered ; adj. Sagacious, crafty, cun- ning, S — berendlic Tolera- ble, that may be borne. — -berstanTb burst, break, to be broken. — bet Better. — be- becian ; sub. bii -bebecige To uncover, detect, find hid- den, to discover, disclose. — bicgan ; p. -bohte ; pp. -buht 1. To rebuy, redeem, to buy, pay for, recom- pense. 2. To execute, per- form. — bidan To abide con- stantly, expect. — biddan To ask, pray, pray to, pray for. — bifian To tremble. — -bigan To rebuy. — bilgian To exasperate, provoke, B. — bilg.ic-hefde,-h6f,we -hefdon ; pp. -hafen, -hefenTo lift up, to raise, elevate, exalt. — -hefednes Pride. — hefegod, -hefgad Weighed down. — -hefen Elevated. — heflgad Weighed down, burdened, grieved. — hefst. Liftest up. — heh$ Shall crucify. — held Inclined. — hencg Hung. — -hened Despised, trod upon. — heng Hung. — heolorod Weighed, balanced, S. — he- ran To hear. — herian To hire. — herian To benefit profit, M. — hicgan To seize, search, pursue earnestly, S. — hildan To incline. — hil- denlice Incliningly, S. — -hioloran To balance, S„ 14 A -hiscean To hiss at, to mock, L% -hiban To rob, destroy. — -hijjend, es; m. A robber, an extortioner, S. — hladan To draw out. — hlaensud Soaked, steeped, watered, made lean, S. — hleahhan To laugh at, Le. G. — hleapan ; p. -hleop, we -hleopon To leap up, out or upon. — hli- node Loosed, delivered. — -hlocan To pull out. — hl6g, -hloh Laughed. — hlowan To low or bellow again, S. — -htytran p. ede ; pp. ed To make clear, to declare, pu- rify. — hnescian To mollify. — hnipan; p. -hneop To pluck, gather. — hnyscton [they] mocked, L. — ho Cru- cify. — h6f Raised. — hofyn Elated. — hoh Crucify. — -holan ; p. ede ; pp. ed To dig. — holan ut To pluck out. — hold Faithful. — holede An engraved or embossed work, M. — h6n To hang. — -hongen Hung. — hracan ; p. -hrihte To reach, An. — -hrseddan ; p. de; pp. ed To rid, liberate, set free, de- liver, save, redeem, draw out, cast out. — hreddan To deliver, save, redeem. — -hreht Erect, upright. — -hreofod Leprous, L. — hreo- san To rush. — hrepod Touched. — h reran ; p. ed To raise, rear, or lift up. — -hrinafc Will touch. — hruron Rushed. — hrydred Robbed, L. — hrynan To touch. — -hryre Should rush. — hry- sod Shaken, disturbed. — hu- dan To spoil, rob, M. — hwa, -hwam Any one; aliquis, aliquem, v. hwa. — hwaeuan To oppress, vex, trouble, S. — hwaened Weaned, L. — -hwaenne When, some time. — hwaer Every tohere. — -hwaer-gen Every where, again, continually. — hwar, -hwer, -wer Some where,any where, any wise. — hweorfan, p. -hwearf, we -hwurfon To turn away, to bend. — hwer- fed Turned. — hwettan To ichet. — hwideri?wery where. — hwilc Terrible, L. — hwo- nan, -hwonon From what place, whence, somewhere, anywhere. — hwonan utan From without, outwardly, exlrinswally — hworfeniWou- ed. — hwylc Whatsoever. — -hwylfan To cover over, over' whelm. — hwyrffc Turnt. A-hycgan To seize. — h^dan, p. de ; pp. ed To hide. — hyl- dan To incline. — hyldend- lice Incliningly. — hyrd, -hyrde, -hyrded Hardened. — hyrdincg A hardening. — -hyrian, pp. od To hire. — -hyrst Fried. — hyrte Har- dened. — hyban To depopu- late, destroy, G. — idlian, p. ode ; pp. od To frustrate, to be idle or vain, to make of no effect, to empty, deface, destroy, profane, languish, ail, to be sick. — ladian To excuse, to make excuse for. — laeegan To lay away. — -l&dan, p. de ; pp. ed To lead, to lead out, withdraw, take aiOay. — laeg Ceased, failed. — l&nanTomakelean. — la?ned Lent. — laitan ; p. -let, -\&t;pp. -laeten To let go, to lay down, cease, leave off, lose. — lajtnes, se ; f. A loss, a losing. — laettan To let, hinder, S. — lamp Hap- pened, occurred. — laSian ; p. ode ; pp. od To fear, dread ; liorrescere, Le. — -leafan, -tyfan Togive leave. — -leah,-leag Falsified. — leat Bent down, flat. — lecgan, imp. -lege ; p. -lede, we -le- don ; pp. -led, -legd 1 . To place, lay down, lay along. 2. To lay aside, confine, di- minish,take away, put down, depress, confute. — lecgean To lay down, attach. — lec- gende or -lecgendlic word A verb deponent, because it has deposed or left out some of its inflections. — lede, -ledoD Put down. — lefan To per- mit, S. — lefan To lift up, heave, Le. — lefed Lamed, crippled, An.— \egdDeposed, frightened. — \egeLay down. — legen Confined. — leh , -leah. Belied. — lenian To make lean,to soak. — leogan ; p. -leag, -leah ; pp. -logen To lie, to tell lies, to deceive. — leoSian, p. ode To dis- member. — lesan To redeem. — lesen Chosen. — lesenisBe- demption, C— letan To cease, L. — letlic Pardonable, M. — lewed Weak, B. — libban To live. — libbe A survivor, one who lives after, S. — -liefan, -lifan To permit. — -liesan To redeem. — Hfian To live. — lihtan 1. To en- lighten. 2. To alight, come down. — lihtung, e; f. An enlightening, illumination. A-limpan ; p. -lamp To hap- pen, O. — linnan To I'm, cease, stop, S. — lis Loose. — -lisendnes Redemption. — -lisian To try. — locan, -lii- can ; p. -leac,we-Iucon ;pp. -locen To put out of an en- closure, to expose, cast out, separate, pull out, take away, root up- — loccian ; p. ede ; pp. ed To cast out, L. — loden Led forth, Ex. — -logen False, feigned. — loten Prone, submissive. — lotyn Falling down prostrate. — -lucan, -luccan To pull out. — lutan ; p. -leat ; pp. -loten To bend, incline, bend or bow down. — lybban,-Iibban, bu -lyfast ; p. -leofode, we -leofodon ; pp. -leofod To survive, live after, live. — -lyfan, hit-lyfS ; im. -lyfe; p. -lyfde, we -lyTdon ; pp. -lyfed To allow, give leave, permit, suffer.— Iff edUcAl- lowable, quick. — lyfedlice Lawfully, allowably, L. — -lyfed nes, se ;f. Permission, sufferance, leave,grant, S. — -lyffc It is allowedor lawful. — lyhtnys, se; f. An en lightening, illumination, a lightness. — lynian, -lynnan To pull down, liberate, de- liver , free from, L. — lysan ; p. -lysde; pp. -lysed 1. To let loose, free, deliver, libe- rate. 2. To pay for loosing, to pay, redeem, ransom. — -lysednys, -lysnes, se ; f. Redemption, a ransom. — -lysend, es ; m. A liberator, deliverer, redeemer— lysend- lic Free, loose. — lystan To list, wish. — mcestan ; p. ede ; pp. ed To fatten. — -matan To find, measure, M.—m&ng Among, manlan; p. ode ; pp. od 1. To admo- nish strongly, to fine, exact, 2. To direct, govern, send. — mansumian ; p. ode ; pp. od To disjoin, excommuni- cate. This word is opposed to M&nsumian, or gemjen- sumian To join or marry — mansumnung, -mansu- mung, e ; /. Exclusion, ex- communication, a curse. — -meallud Emptied, brought to nought, S. — mearcian To mark. — meldian To inform, announce, betray, An. — me- rian ; p. ede ; pp. ed To examine, try, prove. — mer ran To hinder. 15 A -mersod Excommunicated. — -met,-mettDecked,adorned, clothed, furnished, S. — me- tan ; p. -maet ; pp. -metan To measure. — mett Painted.M. — mi del an To weigh, poise, ponder, esteem, S. — middan In the middle. — mirran To hinder, Le. — mod Without mindorreason,mad. — mols- nian To putrify. — mundian To preserve. — myrdran ; p. ede ; pp. ed To murder, kill. — myrian To examine, L. — myrie, an ; /. Hot ashes, Le. — myrran ; p. de ; pp. ed 1. To dissipate, waste, consume, spend, distract, defile, mar, lose, spoil, de- stroy. 2. To hinder, dis- able, mislead. — myrXrianTo murder. — negW Nailed, fastened withnails, crucified, S. — nescian To make nesh. — nidde Restrained. — ni- man ; p. -nam ; pp. -numen To take away, remove. — -ni<5erian Toput down, con- demn, damn. — niwan To restore, v. niwian. — numen Taken aioay. — nydan;p. de; pp. ed 1. To repel, thrust, or beat back, keep from, re- strain, constrain, force. 2. With ut to expel, drive out. — nywan To shew, demon- strate. — pffican To seduce, rnislead. — pa?ran To per- vert. — parod Apprehended, found, taken. — pinsian To weigh, balance, consider, ponder. — plantode Planted. — pullod Pulled, S. — quald Killed, S. — rad Rode. — -rade Relieved, S. — rseean ; p. -rzecte, -rsehte To reach out, extend, reach, lay hold of, hold up, to relate. — raid, es ; m. Counsel, welfare. Safely. — rsda, an; m. One who counsels for safety or welfare, a patriot, prophet. — radian; p. de; pp. ed 1. To read, read through, peruse, tell, utter, speak. 2. To conjecture, guess, divine, prophecy, discover, find out, examine, choose, elect, take counsel, care for, pursue, effect. — raednis A condition. -raefnendlic Possible, Le. — -raefnian ; p. ode, ede ; pp. od, ed To bear, take aioay, suffer, sustain, undergo, bear in mind, tothink. — ra;f- niende, -raefnigende Bear- ing in mind, considering. A-raefniendlfc Possible, tole rable, S. — raeht Related.— -raeman ; p. de To raise, lift up, erect, elevate. — raeran To rear up. — raernes, se ; f. A raising, an exaltation, a restitution. — raesan To rush, An. — rafan To unclothe, let loose, unwind,L.—tks Arose. — rasian ; p. ode ; pp. od To raise, to be laid open, discover, try, raise thehand, take hold of, raise the mind, to suspect, S. L. — readian To become red. — reafian ; p. ode ; pp. od To tear from, lacerate, divide. — reaht Ex- plained. — recan To explain — reccan To care for. — rec- cean To reckon, translate. — -recfc Holdeth up. — red Counsel. — redad Discover- ed. — redan To effect, to do, L. — redd an To liberate, S. — redian To search out. — -r6dnes, se ; /. A degree, condition, covenant.— redod Furnished, S. — ref-ian, -nian, -nan To bear. — rent Erected. — reodian To be- come red, Apl. — reosian To fall down, perish, L. — re- tan ; p. -ret ; pp. -retten To restore, invigorate, re- fresh, renexe, inspirit, re- pair, correct, set right, to gladden. — retian ; p. ede ; pp. ed ? To restore, L. — -riddan To rid, deliver. — -rilit Aright, right, well, correctly. — rimati To num- ber, count, tell over, repeat. — risan, he -rfst ; p. -ras, we -rison ; pp. -risen To arise, rise, rise up, rise again. — rise<5 It behoveth, L. — rist Resurrection. — -roda A counsellor, asserter. — ryst Resurrection. — saed Said out, finished, S.—sse- gan To speak out, relate, tell.fi.nish speaking, conclude, end. — saegdnis, se ; /. A mystery, sacrifice, C. — sai- led Bound. — saendan To send, Apl. — saMSet. — sawan To sow. — scaean To bran- dish. — scadian To separate. — scsef'en Shaven. — scaSre Without tonsure, untrim- med, L. — scamian To be ashamed. — seeacan; p. -sceoc ; pp. -sceacen, -sca- cen 1 . To shake off, remove. 2. To forsake, desert, re- volt, flee. 3. To shake, bran- dish. A-sceadan ; p. -sce6d ; pp -sceaden, -scaden To se parate, disjoin, exclude..- -sceaf Expelled. — scealian p. ode, ode ; pp. ed, od To pull off the scales or shells, to scale, shell, expound, de dare, L. — sceamian ; p. ode pp. od To be ashamed, to blush— scearpan Tosharpen — seed, -scede Separated, L — seen da n Tosend,B. — sceo fan;p.-sceaf,-sc ufon ;pp. -sco fen To drive away.— sceon endlfc Detestable. — sceon nng Detestation. — sceop Gave. — sceortian;p.ede;??/>. ed Tobeshort, togrowshort, shorten, elapse, diminish, fail. — sceotan ; p. sceat, we -scuton ; pp. -scoten To shoot, shoot through, break through, fall. — scerpan ; p. ede ; pp. ed To sharpen, clear from, save from. — sei- lian To shell. — scimod Glit- tered. — scinan j p. -scan, -scean ; pp. -scinen To shine forth, to be clear, evident. — — sciran ; p. ede ; pp. ed To cutfrom,to separate, divide, part, sever, excommunicate. — scirigendlic Disjunctive, G. — scirped Cleared. — sco fen Banished. — scop Gave. — scortian To shorten. — -scraep Scraped. — screadian To prune, lop, An. — screncan To supplant, press, stamp, squeeze, pull, shrink. — scre- opan ; p. -scrsep To scrape off, to scrape. — screpan To bear, carry, east or vomit out. — scruncen Pressed. — -scrutnian To search out, scrutinize, trace out, S. — -scrypan To scrape, cast out, S. — scufan ; p. -sceaf ; pp. -scufen To drive away, ex- pel,banish,repel,shoveaway. — scunan To convict, accuse. — scunian ; p. ede, ode ; pp. ed, od 1. To avoid, shun, fly from. 2. To hate, detest. — -scuniendlfc Detestable, a- bominable. — scunung, e ; /. An execration, abomination, a detestation. — scuton Fell down. — scyled, od Taken out of the shell, shelled, de- clared. — scyndan To sepa- rate, remove, take away, lengthen. — scypan To sharp- en, B. — scyrian To separate. — scyrigendlic Disjoining, disjunctive. — scyrigendliee Disjunctively, severally. 16 A-scyrpan To sharpen. — seal- can ; pp. -solcen To depress, languish, to be weak, Cd.— -searian To become dry, to sear, dry up,S.—se-d& Boiled. — secan; p. -sohte; pp. -soht To search, seek out, enquire. — secgan To speak out, de- clare, express, tell, publish, explain. — secgendlic That which may be spoken, ex- pressible, S sendan Tosend. — sendrian To separate. — -seofcan ; p. -seaS ; pp. -so- den To boil, scorch,fret, vex. — seow, -seowon Sowed. — -set Placed. — setan To ap- point, design, L. — seiSan To boil. — sefcian To affirm. — -setnys, se ; /. What is set or fixed, a statute, law, sta- tute lata, v. a?. — settan To set, place, propose. — sian To put out, eject, site, L. — -sicyd Taken from suck, weaned, S. — sigen Fallen. — -sindrod Sundered, sepa- rated, severed. — singan To sing. — sittan To perform, finish, G. — slacian ; p. de, te; pp. ed To slacken, loosen, untie, remit, dissolve, ener- vate. — slacigendlic Slack,re- miss,L. — slacigendliceSiaci- ly, remissly, S. — slad Slipped away. — slsecte Loosed. — -slsecud Sent off. — slaegen, -slagen Struck, fixed, S. — -slapen Sleepy, drowsy, S. — slapian, p. ede To be a- sleep. — slawian To become slow or lazy, Le. — slean To strike. — slegen Slain. — sli- dan ; p. -slad ; pp. -sliden To slide or sVp away, dash against. — slitan ; p. -slat ; pp. -slyten, -sliten To cleave, rive, destroy, fail, cut off. — -slifcan ; p. -slafc, we -slidon ; pp. -sliden To slide away, Le. — slogon, -sl6h Struck, fixed. — slupan To slip away. — slydan To slide, slip, err, An. — slyteS Shall fail. — -smeagan.-smean;/?. de;pp. d I. To search, enquire, elicit. 2. To contemplate, consider, ruminate, ponder, bethink, think. — smeagung, e ; f. Meditation, investiga- tion, Apl.— sruiSod Worked. — smorian ; p. ode ; pp. od To strangle, stifle, smother. — snasan, -snzesan To hit or strike against, to stab ? to rush, pull out, L. — snydan To cut off, S. A-soden Boiled. — sogpn Suck- ed. — soht Sought out, searched. — solcen Idle, lazy, dissolute, slow, slothful. — -selcennys, se ; /. Idleness, slothfulnesij, laziness. — spa;- taiij J?ii -speast, -speost To spit out, L. — spanan ; p. -sp6n, we -spanon ; pp. -spouen I'o allure, entice, X. — spaw Vomited out. — -spedan ; p. de; pp. ed To speed from, to deliver hap- pily, G.— spelian ; p. ode ; pp. od To supply another's room, to he deputy or proxy. — spendan; p. de ; pp. ed To spend, lay out, bestoio, employ, distribute. — spe6n Invited, secretly enticed.— -sperian To enquire. — spf- wan ; p. -spaw, -spau To spew, eject. — spon Allured. — spreotan, -sprettan To sprout out. — spiian To dis play, lay before, shew. — -sprincan To arise. — sprind- 1 ad Extended or stretched out with little rods or twigs, I. — spring A fountain, L. — springan ; p. -sprang, we -spriingon ; pp. -sprungen 1. To spring up, to arise, originate, break forth. 2. To spring out, escape, lack, fail. — spruncen, -sprungen Arisen. — sprungennes, se ;f. An eclipse, a deficiency, want, misery. — sprytan To sprout out. — spjligan To cleanse, wash, purify, L. — -spyrgeng A curious inven- tion, L. — spyrian To seek, search, explore, trace, dis- cover, explain, L.~ stailan To steal out, to creep on, to seduce. — stzened Set with precious stones, L. — stjerfed Starved out, dried up, wi- thered or killed as a plant or shrub. — stah, -stahg As- cended. — standan ; p. he «st6d, we -st6don To stand out, remain long, endure, rest, continue, rise up. — -stellan, -steallan ; p. lde ; pp. Id 1. To appoint, under- take, entablish, ordain, de- vi ee, confirm, resolve upon. "z. To give, afford, yield, give away , to go out.— stemnian ; p. ede ; pp. ed To proceed from afound.ation,to found, build, erect. — stenct Scat- tered, dispersed, dissipated, routed, S.— steped Left child- less. — stepnes, se ;/. A pri- vation. A-stepte Orphans, L. — stered Disturbed. — stereS Moves, — stifian ; p. ede, ode; pp. ed, od To stiffen, grow, or wax stiff. — stifician, -stife- cian ; p. ode ; pp. od To era- dicate, extirpate, destroy, ex- terminate.— stigan, im. astih; p. -stah To go, proceed, step, ■mount. — stigend, es ; m. A rider. — stignes, se ; f. An ascent, ascending. — stiht Se- parated, M. — stintan;/>. de; pp. ed To blunt, to make dull, to stint, assuage. — -stirian To move. — stiSian ; p. ede; pp. ed To become hard, dry, dry up, wither. — stod Urged. — stondnes, se ; /. An existence, a sub- sistence. — storfen Starved, like a dead body. — strec can, -strecan, -stracan ; p -strehte ; pp. -streht To stretch out, to extend, pros- trate or lay low, to pros- trate one's self, bow down. — -stregdun ; q. -stregan ; p. -stregde ; pp. -stregd To sprinkle, scatter, strew, L. — -streht Prostrated. — strengd Malleable, q. -streht, L. — -strican To strike, smite, S. — strfenan, -str^nan ; p. de To engender, procreate. — -stundian To astound, grieve, suffer grief, to bear. — styfe- cige Terminate. — styltan To astonish, L. — styndende Blunting, L. — styrfan ; p. ede ; pp. ed To kill, slay. — -styrian To stir. — styrred Starred. — styrung.4 motion. — suab Erred, S. — suand Weakened, S. — suanian To languish, S. — sundran,-sun- dron Asunder, apart, alone, privately. — sungen Sung. — -suond Weakened. — surian ; p. ede, ode ; pp. ed, od To be or become sour, tart, bitter. — swaifan, -swajft ; q. -swa- pan, he -swapeiS, -swaep<5 ; p. -sweop ; pp. -swapen To sweep away, to cleanse. — -swaeman To pine, Ex. — -swaernung, e; f. Modesty, bashfulness, confusion, L. — -swama<5 A bates.Cd— swapa Sweepings. — swarcod Con- founded, dismayed, abashed, L. — swarnian To be con- founded, L. — swearc Lan- guished, failed. — sweartian ; p. ede, ode ; pp. ed, od To blacken, darken, to grow swarthy or black, obscure, dark. 17 A-swebban To stun, kill, G. — swefan ; p. ede ; pp. ed 1. To sooth, appease, set at rest. 2. To strike with as- tonishment, to be stunned; made insensible, to kill. — -sv/efecoADrivenout. — swel- lan To swell. — sweltan To die, depart. — swengde Sha- ken. — sweotole Clearly. — -swican To decrease, cease, deceive. — swifan To wander out of the way, to stray. — -swinan To languish, de- crease, vanish, G. — swind Slothful, sluggish, idle. — -swindan ; p. -swand ; pp. -swunden 1. To languish through dulness, to enervate, pine, consume away. 2. To decay, perish, dissolve. — -swindling, e ; f. Idleness, sloth, S. — swipan To sweep, S. — swogen Overgrown, co- vered over, choked. — s woleeu Idle. — swollen Swollen. — -swond, -swonden Weaken- ed. — swonden nes Sloth. — -swopen Swept, R. — svvoret- tan To breathe, sigh, L. — -svvunan To swoon, S. — -swunden Weakened, sloth- ful. — swundenlice Slothful- ly, S. — swundennes, se; f. Slothfulness, idleness. — swy- fecian To eradicate, S. — swy- Iegan To soil, sully, deface, disgrace, S. — swyndau To decay, B. — swySered Bur- dened, aggravated, L. — syn- drian ; p. ede, ode ; pp. ed, od To put asunder, to sepa- rate, disjoin, sever. — syn- drigeAsunder, S._syndrung, e ;/. A division, separation divorce. — taefran, pp. ed To depict, paint, L. — teah Took off. — tefred Painted. — tellan To tell out, number. — te- mian ; p. ede ; pp. ed To make very tame or gentle, to tame. — tendan ; p. de ; pp. ed To set on fire, kindle, en- rage, inflame. — tendend,es; m. Anincendiary, infiamer, exciter, L. — tendincg^^re- brand, an incentive, a pro- voking, S. L. — teon ; ic-te6, he -tih<5, we -teo£ ; p. pu, -te6dest,-tuge,he-teh,-teah, we -tugon ; pp. -togen 1. To drniv, move, draw or pluck out, attract. 2. To employ, dispose of, treat. — Used xoith prepositions thus: -teon fram or of To draw from — teon to To draw to, attract. A-teorian ; p. ode ; pp. od To faint, fail, tire, corrupt. — teoriendlic, -teorigendh'c Defective, lacking, frail, brittle, ruinous, S. — teor- ung, e; f. A failing, tir- ing, S. — teran, p. ede; pp. ed To tear from, seize, fa- tigue. — terian To fail. — -banon From thence, S- — -be Therefore. — bencan To recollect, devise, invent. — -benian ; p. ede, ode; pp. ed, od 1. To stretchout, extend. 2. To prostrate. 3. To ex- pand, apply, stretch. — Ren- ting, e;f. An extending, ex- tension, S. — beodan ; p. de; pp. ed To disjoin, separate. -jjeostrian To darken.— pied Separated. — bierran To wash off or away, rinse, make clean, purge, clear, S. — biestrodc Obscured. — bin- dan To puff, swell, inflate. — -bindung, e; f. A swelling or puffing up, S. — binnod Thinned. — )>ktrodObseured. — boht A thinking out, an ex-cogitation, a- device, on iuvention, S. — b61ian To sustain, endure. — b61ode Whole, not cut, or parted, S. — bracian To fear.— braeste Wrested. — braet Irhsome- ness,S.—\>ruv/enThrown out, twisted, wreathed, twined, wound. — breotan, hit-bryt ; p. -breat ; pp. -broten To loathe, disdain, be weary of. Also actively , To tire, weary, warn. — brid Robbed, JR. — -brintan ; pp. -brunten To swell. — broten Loathed. — -brotennes, -brotenes, se ; f. Tediousness, loathsomeness, wearisoineness, S. — brotsum Troublesome, irksome, wea- risome. — bi'6\vian To suffer, An. — broxen Spoiled.robbed, disarmed,S. — brunten,-biu- ten Swelled up, infested, annoyed. — bryd Wrested, wrung, driven out, robbed, pilled, S. — brysemian ; p. ode; pp. od To choke, suffo- cate, stifle,L. — bry t Wearies. — bunden Swollen. — bun- dennes, se ; /. A tumour, a swelling. — b wsegen Washed. — bwean To wash from, cleanse, baptize, anoint. — -bwegen Washed. — bweran To beat, move or shake to- gether, S. — bwog, -bwogon, -bwoh Washed. — \>f There- fore. — bylgian ; p. ode To support, sustain. A-bystrian; p. ode, pp. o&To ob- scure, darken, to becomedark. eclipse — )>ytanToioind,blow Ex. — by wan ; p. de ; pp. ed To lead or drive from, to discard. — tiariau To want. — tifran To paint; -tiefred, -tifred Painted. — tiht In- tent upon. — tinting Inten- tion.an aim tillauTofouc/i. — timbrian To erect, build. — tion of To draw out. — to- gen Drawn. — torfian To boast. — tredan To tread, tioist or extort from or out. — trendlod Trundled, rolled. — tuge Drawn out. — tym- brian To build. — tynan ; p. de; pp. ed To open, lay open, leave out, shut out, exclude. — tyrian To fail, It. — wa- can ; p. -woe, we -wocon ; pp. -wacen: also -wacian, p. ode ; pp. od.v. n. To awake, take origin, to spring, to be born, Apl. — wacened Aivak- ed, revived, S. — wacian ; p. ode ; pp. od To awake. — -wacian ; p. ode ; pp. od To weaken, to grow weak or ef- feminate, to languish, de- cline, fail, relax, to be in- dolent. — wacod Softened. — -wacode A woke. — wsecan To awake, arise, take origin, to be born. — wacnian ; p. ode, ede ; pp. od, ed 1. To awake, arouse, revive. 2.. To stir up, originate, arise, vegetate. — waegan ; p. de ; pp. ed To deceive, delude, frus- trate, disappoint. — waeged Void,useless. — wa?gen,-wse- gun Vain, S. L. — waeb Vege- tated, L. — wash Weighed out. — waeht Aroused wseht Wearied, L. — wselian, p. ede ;pp. ed To revolve, suf- fer, vex. — waendan To turn from. — wsendednes A trans- lation, Apl. — wserde A stu- pid foolish man, M. — wserg- da, an ; m. The accursed or wicked one, the devil. — was- een Washed. — w&stan To destroy, eat up. — wanian To diminish. — wannan ; p. ode ; pp. od To make wan or pale. — war Somewhere, S. — wa- rian ; p. ode ; pp. od To curse, An. — warnian To confound. — warp Cast out. — weaht Awakened. — weallan, he -wyl$ ; p. -weol ; pp. -weal- len To boil or bubble up, to break forth, issue, flow, stream or gush forth. 18 A-weardian To defend, ward, protect. — wearp Cast away. — web,- webb.es; n. Thecrosi threads in weaving, the wooj or weft. — weccan, he -weefc; im. -wee, -wece ; p. -wehte, -washte, -weahte, we -weh- ton ; pp. -weht, -want 1 . To awake from sleep, to awaken, stir up, excite, con- sider. 2. To awake front death, to revive, raise up. 3. To produce, beget, raise up children. — wece Arouse. ■ — wecgan To shake, move, excite, provoke, An. — weefc Rouses. — wed Mad, S. — -wedan ; p.de; pp. ed To be mud, to rage, to be angry, to go or wax mad, to revolt, apostatize. — wefan;p.-waef, we -waefou ; pp. -wefen To weave together, Le. — weg Away, out. — weg-adrifan To drive or chase away.-- -weg-at'erian To leave en- tirely. — weg-alucan To shut or lock out, to separate, S. — wegan ; p. de ; pp. ed To turn aside or away, move from, dissuade, lift up, ba- lance, weigh, to loeigh as an anchor, to agitate, shake. — -weg-anumen Taken away. — weg-abywan To drive away, expel, — weg-awylt Rolled away. — weg-beran To bear, carry or convey aioay. — weg-cuman To go away, to leave, escape. — -wegde Weighed. — weged Shaken. — wegen Weighedus in a balance. — weg-gan To go away. — weg-geniman To take away, S. — weg-gewitan To go away, to depart. — -weg-gewitenes,se;/. Agoing away, a departure. — weg- lffitan To let go away, send away. — weg-onwendan To move away, to remove, to wend or wind away. — weg- weorpan To cast or throw away, S. — wegyd Shaken, S. — weht, -wehte browsed, re- vived. — wehtnes, se; f. An awaking, a stirring up, ex- citation, quickening, encou- raging, S. — wenan; p. ede; pp. ed To wean. — wendan, he went; p. -wende, pp. -wended To turn from, change, translate, depart, pervert. — wendedlic, -wen- delic, -wendendlicMovea6/f, changeable, alterable, mu- table, S. — wendednys, se ;f A change, alteration. A-wendelicnes ; se;f.Muta- bleness, mutability, change- ableness, inconstancy, S. — -wendendlic Changeable, S. B. — wend-gewrixl On the other side, S. — wendincg^w overthrowing, a change, ruin. — wend-sprac to o<5 rum hiwe A word changed to another [hue] meaning, Metaplasm, S. — wendung, e ; f. A changing. — wened Weaned. — weodian;p. ode ; pp. od To weed, root orrake up, to destroy.— weol Flow- ed forth. — weorpan ;p. -we- arp, f>ii -wurpe, we -wurpon ; /)/?.-worpen To throio or cast dozen, to degrade, to cast away or off, cast out, reject, divorce. — Used also with the prepositions On Into ; as -wurpan on To cast into : Fram from : U't out : Un- der below. — weorpnes, se ;/. A divorce, a bill of divorce. — weorfcan, he -wyr<5 ; p. -wearS Not to be, to vanish, spoil. — weoHSian To make unworthy, Le. — weosung.e ; f The being, essence, or sub- sistence of a thing. — weox Increased. — wepan To wipe out, cleanse, L. — wer Any where. — weran To wear. — -werdan ; p. de ; pp. ed To injure, deprive, vanish, hurt, spoil, forbid. — werdnys, se ; f. Doionfal, injury, loss, ruin. — wered Worn. — weredPro- tected. — werged Cursed. — -\v6rian To protect, defend, guard, despise. — werpan To cast away, L. — wersian To make worse, L. — weste Waste, void, deserted. — -westan ; p. he -weste we -weston ; pp. ed To waste, to lay waste, eat up, destroy, reduce ^demolish, depopulate. — westendnes,se;/. A wast- ing, a laying waste, S. — -westnes, se;f. Destruction, desolation. — weuen Woven, L, — widlan To defile, pro- fane. — wierdan To corrupt, spoil, L. — wiergd, -wierged Cursed. — wiht Anything. — -wildian ; p. ode ; pp. od To become wild or fierce, S. — willed Well boiled or sod- den, S. — windan, he -wint 1. To wind, fly, or take. 2. With, of, to: —To fly, put or take off. — windwan ; p. ede; pp. ed To wind, twist, swing, Le. A-winnan To labour, contend, fight, overcome, conquer. — -wint Wound, wove,stript. — -wirdan To become nothing, Le. — wirged Execrable, cur- sed. — wirgean Todestroy. — -wirgnis Slander— wirt-wa- lian To root up, S. — wisc- ferinend, es; m. A publican, L. — wisnian To be dry, to be- come dry, wizzen. — wlsetan ; p. te To defile. — wlancian ; p. ode ; pp. od To come in youthful strength, to exult, to be proud, Le. — woe A- woke, arose. — wodian To root up. — woedan To be mad. — woend Returned, L. — woerdan To forbid, C. — -woestednis Destruction. — -woestenis Destruction. — -woffod Pkrensied, frantic, Le. — wogod Wooed, S. — -woh ; adv. Awry, unjustly, wrongfully, badly. The same as Mid wohe or woge With injustice, unjustly. — -wolde Would. — worden Done. — worden Execrated, cursed. — worold For ever. — worpen Cast away. — wor- penlic Damnable. — worpe- nes, -worpennys, -worpnes, se; f. A rejection, casting away, reprobation, reprov- ing. — woi<5ane The cast away, the heathen, L. — -woxe Should sift, C. R. — -wrsec Told,related.—WTeeate Extorted. — wrat Wrote. — -wra<5 Bound up. — wrecan ; p. -wrac To tell fully, relate. — wrecan To revenge,avenge, vindicate, defend, free. — -wreccan ; p. -wrehte; pp. -wreht To arouse, awake, revive. — wrecen Banished, driven away, L. — wregan To deceive. — wregennes A discovery. — wreht Aroused. — wreon, he -wrihS ; p. -wreah, pii -wruge, we -wrugon ; pp. -wrogen, -wri- gen To uncover, discover, disclose, open, reveal. — -wrestan ; p. -wrseste To wrest from, to extort. — -wreSian ; p. ode; pp. ed To support, under prop, sustain, lean upon. — wridan To ori- ginate, generate, L. — wri- gan, p. -wrah, we -wrigon ; pp. -wrigeu To reveal, dis- close, An. — wrigde Cursed. — wrigen Revealed. — wrige- nes, -wregennes, se ; f. A discovery, revelation. 19 A-wringan ; p. -wrang ; pp. -wrungen To wring out, to squeeze out, express. — wrion To uncover. — writan ; p. -wrat ; pp. -writen To write out, transcribe, draw out, de- scribe, dispose, write, pub- lish. — wrifcan ; p. -wraS ; pp. -wrifcen 1. To entwine, bind up. 2. To protect, con- sole, deliver. — wri$J>e A strap, L. — wrngeRevealedst. — wrungen Wrung- — wry- gen Discovered. — wrygenes A revelation. — wuht Aught. — wiinden Woven. — wun- drian ; p. ode ; pp. od To admire, G. — wunian To abide, remain, inhabit, to be wont. — wunnen Fought. — -wurpan To cast away. — -wurt-warian To root up. — -wyht Something. — wylian ; p. -wylt ; pp. -wylten To roll, roll away, revolve, L. — -wylian ; p. -weoll To boil, An. — wylled-win Boiled wine, S. — wylm, es; m. Source, origin. — wyl<5 Shall spring forth. — wyndwianTo blow away. — wyrcan To do, effect, L. — wyrdan To hurt, corrupt. — wyrdla Damage. — wyrdnys.4 blemish, injury. — wyrgd Cursed. — wyrged- Hc Wicked, evil. — wryged- nes, se ; /. A cursedness, wickedness, acurse, reviling. — wyrgendlie Detestable, abominable. — wyrian, -wyr- gian ; p. -wyrgede, -wrigde ; jop.-wyrged,-wyrgd To curse, execrate, revile, corrupt, de- stroy. — The perfect partici- ple signifies Execrable,xoick- ed, detestable. — wyrigednes Wickedness, S. — wyrn Any where, in any place.— v/yr- pan To cast away. — wyr<5 Exist not. — wyr<5ian To make unworthy ,Le. — wyrt- walian ; p. ode ; pp. od To root up , eradicate , extirpate, exterminate. — wystelian To hiss, to lisp, whistle, S. — -yrnan, he -yrnS ; p. -arn, we -urnon ; pp. -urnen To run over, to pass or go over; pp. Passed, gone. — ytan ; p. -ytte To expell, drive out. A', aa; adv. Always, ever, for ever ; hence the Old English ayk, ever. — A' world For- ever. A' forfc Ever forth, from thence. — Der. A'wa, sefre, naefre. — What by con- tinuing has become custom- ary or common, hence A c 2 Oua-tL ACI Commcn law, -feest, -faest- nes,-l'ic. — Boundby law,sew Marriage, -da,-nian, -nung. The act of making durable andsure;&S An oath,ma.n-, -swerung, -sweord, -urn. Aac An oak, S. v. ac. Aad A heap, S. v. ad. Aalgewer A fire-steel, also tin- der ; S. B. v. alge-weorc. Aam A searing iron, S. Aan Drflectus, B. Aar Honour, B. v. ar. Aar In the morning, early, C. B. L. v. ser. Aast Love, B. v. 6st. Ab The woof, B. v. ob. A'bal Ability, strength, Cd. Abba, v. abbod-a. Abbad, -isse, v. abbod, etc. Abbandun, e;f. [abban ab- bot's; dun a down, hill.'] Abingdon, in Berkshire. Abbod, abbot, abbud, abbut, es ; m. An abbot. — a, an ; m. An abbot. — dom, es ; m. An abbacy. — esse, v. -isse. — -had, es; m. The state of an abbot, abbotship. — isse, an; f. An abbess. — rice, es; n. The dominion or dignity of an abbot, an abbacy. Abedise an abbess, v. abbod. Abot an abbot, v. abbod. Abraeda Coarse tow, hards, B. A bud an abbot, v. abbod. Abiitan About, around. — faran To go about, etc. v. a-butan. Ac ; con/. But, tohether. A'c, aac, e ;/. An oak. — caern, -corn,es ; n. An acorn. — cyn A species of oak, B. — drenc, -drinc, es ; m. Oak-drink, a kind of drink made of acorns, S. — en Oaken. — hal Oak sound or whole, entire, G. — -lea The name of a place, as Oakley. — leac Quernum, L. — mistel Mistletoe of the oak. — wern The name of an animal, a squirrel, S. Le. v. 33C. Acan, acian, we acaS ; pp. acen To ache, pain, M. — Der. ece. Acas, acase an ax, C. v. aex. Accutan To prove, B. Ace ache, pain, v. ece. Acemannesburh ; g. -burge; d.-bvrig,-byrih, -byri,-beri; f: also -ceaster, e; /. [ece ache, mannes man's, ceaster or burh a city] Bath, So- mersetshire, v. BseS. Acen pained, v. acan. Acer afield, v. aecer. A'chsian to ask, B. v. acsian. Aci-an To ache. — ende Trou- M Ming, shivering, rough, B. L. v. acan. Acl ; adj. Clear, sonorous, M. Acs an ax, v. sex. Acsan-mynster,Axan-minster, e3 ; n. Axminster, in De- vonshire. Acse, L. v. asce ashes. A'csiati to ask, v. ascian. A'csung, asoung, e; f. An asking, a question, an en- quiry, inquisition, interro- gation, that xohich is en- quired about, information. Acumba, secemba 1. Oakum, the coarse part of flax, hards, unplucked wool. 2. A kind of marley or chalky clay. 3. Shales or parings, S. Acxan ashes, v. axan. Acyr afield, v. aecer. A'd, aad, es ; m. A pile, a fu- neral pile. — Der. A'dl, feorh-, fot-, horn-, in-, lun- gen-, mona<5-, -ian, -ic, -ig: idel, -georn, -hende: a-id- lian : ides, -lie : seddre, sedre, adre. — A'dexe Afire lizard, salamander, Le. — A'd-fy> A pile fire, fire of the fune- ral pile. — leg A pile flame, Ex. Adastrigan To discourage, dis- may, scare, S. v. A-dastri- gan. Addre a vein, An. v. adre. A'del a disease, v. adl. Adela, an ; m. Filth, Ex. Adeliht ; adj. Dirty, filthy, S. Adelsea<5, adulseaS A sewer, gutter, sink, S. Adelyng prince, L. v. aef>eling. Adesa, adese An addice or adz, a cooper's instrument, S. L. A'dexe a salamander, v. ad. A'dl, e;/: also, adl, es ; nl A disease, grief, pain, languish- ing sickness, consumption. — Seomycle a.d\The leprosy. — Lam an 1e%eresa.dl The palsy. A'dl ; adj. Diseasedfiorrupted, putrid, M. — ian To ail, to be sick, to languish. — ic, ■ig ; adj. Sick, ill, diseased. Adloma, an ; m. A tool, Ex. A'dol a disease, v. adl. A'dre a vein, v. jeddre. Adremint The herb feverfew or mugwort, S. AduIseaS A sewer, sink, L. M. 1. The short or unaccented Anglo-Saxon oz, seems to have been a slight lengthen- ing of the short a, approach- ing to ae or ai in faery or fairy, as appears from these cognate words : Wael Wail, braedan To braid, naegel A 20 M nail, daeg, spaer, laet, snaece, m;est, resp, baer, etc. 2. The short or unaccented ae stands only, — (I.) Before a single consonant; as Staef, hwael, daeg. — (2.) A single consonant followed by e in nouns; Sta3fes,staefe,hwaeles, daeges, waeter, faeder, ascer. — (3.) Or before st, sc, fn, ft; Gaest, aesc, hraefn, craeft. — (4.) Before pp, lib, tt, cc, ss ; ^Eppel, craebba, haeb- ben, faette, faettes, wraecca, naesse. — (5.) Before double consonants, arising from the inflection of monosyllabic adjectives: Laetne, laetre, laetra,/ro??jlaet£a. Pasturage, the hire of pigs going into the wood to fatten on acorns ; pasnagium, L. iE'fest pious, v. ze-fest. iEffriea, an ; m. African, L. iEfgraef, aefgroefa, A tax-ga- therer, a collector, C. R. JE'fjsta Envy, zeal, spite, a striver, rival, C. v. aVfest. iEfnan to perform, v. efnan. iEfne behold, v. efne. iEfnian To grow towards even- ing. — Der. Efern, sefnung : sefen, -gereord, -scima, -ste- orra, -tid, -tima, -tungel. JEfnung, e ; f. Evening, tioi- light, Der. aefnian, v. sefen-. iE'fre ever, An. v. ifer, Der. a. iEfst Envy, L. iEfstian to hasten, v. efstan. iEfstig A contender, S. jEf-sweorce Fruit 1 S. L. 2Eft, eft, aefter, aeftan ;fadv. After, again, behind, after- wards. — 2E'r of><5e oeft Ere or aft, before or after. ./Effan ; prep. After, behind. zEftan-weard Being behind. jEftbeteht Reassigned, L. iEftema, eftema The last. iEfte-mest, -myst Last. jEfter, efter : prep. dat. After, for, on account of, according to, through, over. — iEfter TihteJustly. — ^Efterjjam ]>c, — .iEfter f;on pe After that, after, afterwards. .ere healfe Oneitherhandorhalf, on both sides — On aeg^re healfe weard Towards both sides. — Mg\>ev ge . . ge both . . and ; as well . . as ; so . . as. — JEgper ge heonan ge Jjanan Both here and there, on this side and that, v. aeg- hwaejjer. iE'gweard A sea watch, K. XJh An eye. — ]>yr\A xoindow, An. v. eag. .-Ehher An ear of corn, R. JEhsc an ax, v. sex. iE'ht, e; /. Property, sub- stance, cattle, possessions, lands, goods, riches, value, estimation. — e-land, es; n. Landedproperty. — e-mann, e9 ;pZ.-e-men; m.Ahusband- man, a farmer, ploughman, drudge. — ere, es ; m. An es- timator, a valuer. — e-swan, es ; m. A preserver of pro- perty, a cowherd, a keeper of cattle, M. — gesteald, es ; n. A property place, a treasure. — geweald Proper- ty power, property, posses- sions. — ige The rich, B. — -ung, e ; f. Estimation, va- luing. — Der. agan. iEhta, eahta; adj. Eight. Mhle had, p. of agan. iE'htere, es ; m. An estimator, a valuer, L. v. aiht. ^Ehtian, p. ode; pp. od To follow, Le. v. eht-an, -ian, v. eh tan. JE'htige The rich, B. v. aaht-. iE'htung valuing, v. asht-. jEine any, An.\. asnig. iEker afield, S. v. aecer. M\ All, whole, v. eal. M\-, As a prefix, denotes All, entirely. — beorht^ 11 bright, all shining. — ceald All cold, most cold. — craeftig All- skilful, ingenious, all-vir- tuous, perfect. — cumende Doubtful. — nice, an ; f. All the people, the mass, Le. — -grene Full green, entirely green. — gylden Gilded,gold- en, gilded over, S. — maest Almost — mibt,-mihti,-miht- ig Almighty. — Se -mihtiga The Almighty. — swa Also. — symle Always. — tiwe ; cmp. m. ra ;f. n. re Good, excellent, entire, sound, healthful, perfect, honest. — -t&westan Nobles. — taew- 23 .ELD lice; adv. Well, soundly > piously, perfectly. — tsewre Better.— waerlic^ 11 cautious, benign, G. — walda, an ; m. Universal ruler or go- vernor. — Se -walda The Al- mighty, the Omnipotent. — -wiht Every creature. /E1-, Foreign, v. el-, ell-, ele-. — M\ - fremd, - fremed Strange, foreign. — fremda, -fremeda, an ; to. A stran- ger, foreigner. — fylcForeign folk, or people, K. — land, es ; n. A foreign land, K. — reord , - reord ig Ba rbarous, of a strange country or speech, S. — Jjeod, e; f. A stranger, L—\ie6deYtce,-\>e6- diglice; adv. Fromastronge country, abroad, out of a man's native soil, from far. The following phrases have the same signification asthese adverbs: — On-^eodignesse. — On-Jseode. — jjeudig, -{Mo- dig, adj. Strange,foreign. — Occasionally used as a noun : hence A stranger, apilgrim. — }>e6diglice From abroad, abroad. — fieodigne*, se ; f. A going abroad, peregrina- tion, pilgrimage. — f>eodung, e ; f. A going abroad, S. — -fnodig Foreign. — timbred Strangely built, Der. el-. E\ Fire? Le. G. Der. On-, -an, -ed, -et, -incg, -messe. 2E\ Oil. — an To oil, smear, v. ele. -E'l, es; to. An eel. — fa?t An eel vat, a kettle to boil in. — -nett, es ; n. An eel net. — -puta, an ; m. An eel-pout, ajolthead, An. AZ'\, al, awel, e ; /. An awl, a needle, a fork, a fire fork, flesh hook, S. -El-an ; p. de ; pp. ed. [ael fire\ To kindle, light, to set on fire, to bake. — Der. BA fire, on-: on-selan : salet, on-: alet: teled, -leoma : al-geweorc : ael-messe. iEIan To oil, smear, v. ael oil. /E'larwas Pharisees, S. v. a?. .Ele ; adj. Each, any, every, every one, all. — On aelcere tide At all times. — Elces cynnes Of each sort or all sorts. — jEIce healfe, or aslce wise In all ways. iEicera of all, v. aelc. jElcian to delay, v. elcian. .Elcor, a;lcra ; adv. Elsewhere, besides, otherioise, L, M\dftre,\. eeled. iEld, aeldo, aeldu old, r. eald. ^EME ./Elda-cynn, es ; n. Mankind. -e\, v. aeppel in aepl. ^EpeDingas Fructus,velfruges quadam stomachio proe- scripta, S. Mp\, aepel, aeppel, appel, apul; hm \>e Before that. — Noht micle aer Not much before. — Hwene aer Scarcely before, just before. — Swy)>e aer Very early, very soon. — Der. .iE'rra ; aerest ; aeror ; alraerest : ardlic. M'r ; prep. Ere, before. JE'r, (se aera ; def.) aere, aerre, asrer, aeror, aerur ; sup. asr- .ERE rest; adj. Former, early, superior, ancient. — X,t ae- restan, aerest jjinga or serest sona At first, first of all. — To bam aer-dsege,0r mid aer- daege At the early day , first dawn. — On reran, on reron, or on rer-dagum Formerly. A.'t-, in composition is used in the sense ofthethreepreced- ing words, etc. as ; Before, former, ere, early, first, very, exceedingly. — iE'r-bo- ren First-born. — dred, e; f. Former conduct, offence, de- merit, vice. — d reg Early day, early morn. — dagum In early days, formerly, G. — -er Former. — est First. — -feeder, es ; m. A forefather, a father. — gedon Done be- fore. — genemned Before- named. — g6d Very or ex- ceeding good. — gystrandaeg Ere yesterday, before yes- terday. — ing The dawning, day-break. — leoht Early light, day-break. — lice Ear- ly in the morning. — mrel Before dinner. — merigen, -mergen. -nemergen, -mor- gen,-ne-merigen,es ; m. The ■morning, early part of the morning, early dawn, day- break.— onfangen Taken up before, anticipated, S. — ra The former. — ra geola De- cember. — TZ-lHaJune. — ran dsege On the day before, S. — bam Before. — f am baet Ere that, S. — bioson, -bissum Heretofore, ere, be- fore this time, S. — bon Before, S. — j>on be Be- fore that, L. — tid Early time, day -break. — toweard Before, a little before, S. — -ur Before, L. — wacol Ear- ly awake, Apl. — wela, an ; tn. Old wealth. — wyr<5 Ho- nourable. — yr Former, C. — yst First, Th. L. M't-, Honour, reverence, v. ar, and in Alph. rer-faest, rer-faestnes, rer-lest, rerna mrest. .iE'r-geblond,rera-geblond The sea, the ocean, v. earh-ge- blond, Der. blendan. ./Ercebiscop, tercebisceop, es ; m. An archbishop. — had, es ; to. The dignity of an archbishop, v. arcebisceop. iErcediacn, v. arce-diacon. ^Erdian to inhabit, v. eardian. iErdung, aerdung-stow a ta- bernacle, v. eardung. iE'ren Brazen, v. rer. jErend, e ; f: also aerende, es ; n. An errand, a mes- sage, an embassy, news, tid- ings, an answer, business, care. — boo A letter. — gast A spiritual messenger, an angel. — gewrit, -writ A mes- sage or report in writing, a letter, an epistle, letters mandatory, a brief writing, short notes, a summary. — •ian ; p. de ; pp. od To go on an errand, to carry news, tidings or a message, to in- tercede, to plead the cause. — ra, an; m. A messenger. — -raca, an ; m. A messenger, ambassador, an apostle. — -scip,es ; n. An errand ship, a skiff, Mo. — secg, es ; m. An errand man, an envoy. — secgian To deliver a mes- sage. — ung, e;f. A com- mand. — wraca, -wreca, an ; to. A messenger. — writ A letter. — Der. ar. .ne-weg, es ; m. A course, way, broad road, or street. — Der. aernan. jErnian to earn, v. earn ian. .Erning, e; f. A running, a course, Der. reman. .Ernung, e ; f. An earning, stipend, hire, wages, S. jE'ron before, v. air, adv. iE'ror before, v. rer, adj. jE'ror first, v. rer. .E'rra the former, v. rer, adj. AZra, es ; m. The buttocks, the hind part, v. ears. .Ersc-hen a quail, v. ersc-hen. iE'rst first, for rerost, v. rer. jErwe an arrow, v. arewe. jE'ryn brazen, v. rer-en. iErynd an errand, v. aerend. M'vyr former, v. reror. iEryst, es ; m. The rising, re- surrection, Der. a-risan. Ms, es ; n. Dead carcass, car- rion ; cadaver, An. iEs Food, meat, bait, lure ; esca, cibus, pabulum, S. An. -Else, g. aesces ; pi. nm. a. as- cas ; g. asca ; d. ascum ; m. 1. An ash tree, ash, an ash- spear, a spear, lance. 2. A shield! M. 3. Because boats were made of ash, hence A small ship, a skiff, a light vessel to sail or row in. 4. Because the northern na- tions supposed that the first man was made of Ash, hence A man. 5. The chief of men, a leader; hence .e\ Noble.— M\>el-boren No- ble-born. — .(Ebel-borennes, se;/. Nobility, generosity, S. — cundnes, se ;f. Nobleness, nobility.— dugai, e ; f. Fa- mous nobility, Der. a?bele. iE'fcel A country. — M'Sel Be- longing to a country, indige- nous, natural, S. L. v. etSel. JEbele ; adj. 1 . Noble, eminent not only in blood or by de- scent, but in mind ; excel- lent, famous, singular. 2. Very young, growing fast or quick,S. — iEbeleealu Strong or noble ale. — iEbel-ic ; Ex- cellent, easy. — iee Elegant- ly. — in A nobleman, L. — -ing, es; in. 1. The son of a king, a prince, one of the royal blood, the heir appa- rent to the crown, a noble- man next in rank to the king, Th. Lap. 2. A ruler, governor, man. — inga denn, e ; /. [the nobles' valley] Al- ton, Hants. — inga ig, igg, e;f. The island of Athelney. — lice Nobly. — nys, se; f. Nobility. — o,indecl. f: -u, e;f. Nobility, Der. ahnung. iEbele ealu Ale boiled to the third part, strong or noble ale, S. v. aebele, ealo. iE$elfer<5ing-wyrt Herbce ge- nus plagam sanans et car- bunculos, S. L. JEber.for ascer A field, L. vESian ; p. ode; pp. od To breath?, Der. abnung. AZ%m, eSm, es ; m. A vapour, breath, a hole to breathe through, a smell, S. — ian ; p. ode ; pp. od To raise vapour, boil, to be heated, to be great- ly moved, L. — Der. ahnung. .iEbryt Troublesome, tedious L.— nes Trouble, v. ae-bryt. jESung, afcung, e ;f. Breath, a breathing, vapour, smell, An. v. Eefctn. — Der. ahnung .ende Bearing disgrace, unchaste, lewd, unclean, shameless, impudent, S.— lie Disgraceful. — m6d A dis- graced mind. — nys, se ; /. A disgrace, obscenity, filthi- ness, a blushing for shame, reverence. — On eewiacnesse Openly, as not being ashamed to be seen. — Der. afor. iEwist disgrace, M. v. aewisc. iEwul A twig-basket for catch- ing fish, L. ^E'wum-borenre with one law- fully born, v. aew. jEwung, on aewunge Openly, in the sight of all, S. L. 2E'-wylm a fountain, v. ae- welm. 2Ex, eax ; e ;f. Any thing that is brought to a sharp edge, An axe, a hatchet, knife. — Der. ecg. iEx an axis, v. eax. iExe ashes, v. axe. M'x\&n,p. odetoask, v.acsian. Afofv. of. — Af-dael A descent, L- — god An idol, an image, S. — godnes.se ;/. Idolatry, the worshipping of images, S. — bonc,-|-ionca Grievance? — bunca, an ; in. Disgust, K. Afaran children, v. eafora. Afen, Afon, e ; f: Afene, an ; f. ? Avon, the name of a ri- ver in Somersetshire : A Iso of other rivers in different parts of England. Afera a child, son, v. eafora. Affiican, es ; m. An African. A'fol, e ; /.? Soul, mind, M. Afon the river Avon t v. Afen. AGE A'for, adj. Bitter, sour, sharp, hateful, dire, ugly, wrong, L. — Der. M'wisc, un-, -be- rende, -lie, -mod, -nes. Afora a child, v. eafora. A'fre bitter, L. v. afor. Africa-cynn Africnn race, S. Africaniac, At'risc ; adj. Be- longing to Africa, African, Africani9ca aeppel A pome- granate, S Af'rigen Frixum, L. Afrisc African, v. Africanisc. Afroefred Comforted, R. After After. — fylgean To fol- low after, to prosecute. — -fylgend, es ; in. A follower of another, a successor, S. — -genga A follower. — ra geola January. — weardes After- wards, v. setter. Ag Wickedness, L. v. Alph. ag- lac, -kec, -leeca, -nys. A'ga, an ; in. An owner, Le. Agan Gone, An. A'gan, indf. ic age, bu age, he ah, we agan, agon, agun ; p.&ht, ahte,sehte,we ahton ; pp. agen. 1, To own, possess, have, obtain. 2. To make another to own, or possess : Hence, To give, deliver, re- store. — A'gan ut To have or find it out. — Her. A'gende, bljed-, b61d-, folc-, maegen- : agen, un- : aga, un- ; agni- an, ahnian, ge-;agend, -frea, -frigea, -fre6, -lice : sent, gold-, maiSin-; ge-aehtan : agennes. A'gan own, L. v. agen. Agean Again, v. agen. — ferian To go again, to return. — -h weorfan To return, v . agen. Agen gone, past, L. v. gan. Agen ; prep. ac. Against. Agen Again, back.— am Met. — bewendan To turn again, return. — cuman To come a- gain. — cyrran To return. — -gecyrran To turn again. — -gehweorfan, -gehwyrfan To change again, to return. — -hwyrfan To turn again, re- turn,S. — lsedan Toleadback, An. — sendan To send again. — standan To stand against , to withstand, resist, oppose, hinder. — yrnan To run a- gainst, to meet with, to meet, v. ongean Alph. A'gen : g. m. n. agnes : g. f. agenre; adj. Own, proper, peculiar. A'gen-cyre, es ; m. Own turn, one's own choice, will or pleasure— frigea/i possessor, -lice; adv. Powerfully, S. A HO — nana, an ; m. An own name, a proper name. — nes, se ; f. An owning, a posses- sion, property, L. — slaga, . an ; on. A self-slayer. — -sprsece; One's own tongue, an idiom, L. — ung,e ; /. An owning, a possessing, posses- sion, claiming as one's own, power, or dominion over any thing, Der. agan. A'gend, es ; m: agend-frea, agend-frigea, an ; m : agend- freo, frio ; indcl. f. An own- er, a possessor, a master or mistress of a thing. A'gende Having. A'gendlfce Properly, as his own. Aghwoer Every where. A'gien own, v. agen. Aginnan, he agynX ; p. agan ; pp. agunnen To begin,set up- on, undertake, take in hand, v. beginnan. Ag-lac, es; n. Misery, grief, trouble, vexation, sorrow, torment, S. Aglad ailed; p. from eglan. Ag-Isec, 8Eg-l£ec ; adj. Misera- ble, tormented, wicked, mis- chievous. — laeca, -leecea, an; m. A wretch. A'gn own, v. agen. A'gnegan To possess, C. A'gnes of his own, v. agen. Agnette Usury, C A'gnian,geagnian,ahnian ; prt. agnigende,ahniende; p. ode; pp. od To own, to possess, to appropriate. — A'gniend, ahniend, es; m. An owner, a possessor. — lie adj. Pos- sessive, pertaining to pos- session, or owning, S. — Der. agan. A'gnu own, v. agen. A'gnung, e;f. An owning. Agnys Sorrow, affliction, B. A'gon, agun they own, v. agan. Agu A pie, a magpie, B. Ah ; adv. Whether, but. A'h has, owns; habet, v. agan. Ah-laca a wretch, v. ag-l»ca. Ahlas Leavers, bars, L. Ahne whether or not, v. ah. A'hnian To own. — A'hniend owner, v. agnian. A'hnodon oioned, v. agnian. Ahnung, e ; /. Quickness, sharpness: sagacitas, Le. — Der. Eaht, -ian, -ung : asjjian ; sjmng : sejjm, -ian : sejjel-e, -ing, -ic, -lie : ajjjelo, aebelu, faeder-. A'hnung, owning, ownership, v. agenung, in agen. Ahorn A plane tree, B. 28 ALD Ahse ashes, v. axe. A'hsian to ask, v. acsian. A'ht, pron. Aught, any thing, something. Ahta eight, v. sehta. A'hte owned ; p. of agan. Ahtihting,es; m. An intention, a purpose, an aim, S. A'htlice ; adv. Courageously, manfully, triumphantly. A'ht-swan.4 cow-herd, v.iGht. Aide Aid, L. A-idlian, hea-ydlige; p. ode; pp. od To be idle, to frus- trate, to render vain, empty, deface, destroy, profane, ail, to be sick. — Der. ad. Aiebende, v. aiban. Ain, aina one, v. an. Aisil Vinegar, L. Aiban ; prt. aibende To cast out, to put out of doors, to demolish, S. Al All, whole, v. Alph. Al efne, Al-swa, -walda, -wealda, -waldend, -wiht, v. all-, eall-, sel-. A'l An eel. — faet ; pi. -fatu, es; n. An eel-vat, or kettle, a kettle to boil in, v. £1. A'l an awl, v. sel. Alan To appear, C. R. A'la<5 ale, v. alotS. Albe, an ;/. An alb, S. Aid, alda Old. — Aid An age, old age, M. — Ald-agian To grow or wax old,S. — e-f»der A grandfather, S. — had,es; in. Old age, S. — h elm , es ; m. [eald old, helm an helmet] A Idhelm , the name of a man, L. — ian To grow old. — lie Old. — wif A n old woman, v. eald. Aldaht A basket or maund, S. Alder, es; m. An author, origi- nator. — dom Authority, v. aldor, ealdor. Aldor ; g. aldre ;/: ealdor ; g. ealdres ; m. That which is deferred or lengthened An. age, the term of a man's re- maining on the earth, the life, An. — Aldor-bana, an ; m. [aldor life, bana a killer] A murderer, manslayer. — -bealo, es ; m. Life bale. — -cearu, e; /. Life or fatal care. — deeg, g. dseges; pi. dagas, m. Life-day, time of life, life. — gedal, es; to. A divorce, separation from life, death. — leas Lifeless, Le. — -lege, es; m. A laying down of life, death. — nere, es ; m. A life's safety, a refuge, sanctuary, an asylum. Aldor, es ; m. An elder, parent, ALS governor, ruler, prince. — -Aldor Elder, former, chief. — apostol, es; m. The chief of the apostles. — burh ; g. -burge ; d. -byrig;/. A chief city, metropolis. — dema.an; m. A supremejudge, a prince. — dom , es ; m. A principality. — duguS,e ;/. A chief nobili- ty. — fired, an; m.A chief lord. — leas Fatherless, deprived of parents, L. — lie Princi- pal. — maun, es; m.Aprince. — nes, se ; /. Authority. — -}>segn, es ; m. A principal servant, a minister.— wisa, an ; m. A chief director or disposer, Der. ealdor. Aldr A parent, v. aldor. Aldre, — A' to aldre Always henceforth. — iE'frc to aldre Ever henceforth. Aldro Parents, C. Aldu, pi. Pharisees, R. Aldur Chief. — sacerdas The chief priests, R. A'le with an awl, v. ael. Al efne Behold all! Aler, air, e ; f! The alder, al- der-tree. — holt, es; n. An al- der-wood, v. air. Alet Fire, combustibles, Cd. v. aeled, Der. sel, selan. Alewa, an ; m. The aloe, bitter spices; in pi. aloes, L. Alf-walda, an; m. A ruler of elves, God. — Der. elf, self. Al-geats : adv. A Iways, alto- gether, S. Al-geweorc Tinder, touchwood, a fire-steel, S.v.sel fire, selan. Alh, ealh, es ; m. A hall, pa- lace, temple. — Der. ealgian, geal-gian. Alh-stede, ealh-stede, es ; m, A hall place, a palace. All All, whole. — ic Universal, general, catholic. — inga, -unga Altogether. — walda The Omnipotent, v. eall, ael. Almerige A cupboard, a chest, an ambry, S. Almes alms, v. selmesse. Aln an ell, v. eln. Alor an alder-tree, L. v. aler. A'loS, e;f. Ale, v. ealoS. Alpis The Alps, An. Air, e ; /? An elder tree, a sort of birch, in the north of England, called eller and aller. It is quite distinct from Ellen The elder-tree. Air-holt, es; n. An alder-holt, or grove. Alr-aerest First of all, Le. A'lsian to intreat, v. halsian. Alsuic [for eall swile] All such, M. AN (Alswa also, v. eallswd. Alter, es; m. An altar, Le. Al-walda, al-wealda, an ; m. The all-ruler, God. . Al-waldend, es ; m. The All- ruling, the Omnipotent, God. Alwan aloes, v. alewa. Al-wiht Every creature. Am am, v. eom. Amas a 2veaver's rod, Ex. Ambeht servant, v. ambiht. A'mber, g. ambres ; m. 1. A vessel with one handle, a tankard, jug, pail. 2. A measure of four bushels, Der. an one. Ambiht, ambeht, ambyht, era- beht, ombiht, es ; m. A ser- vant, messenger, legate. — Der.Embehtian.— Ambiht-e; ambyht-o ;/. indcl. Service, duty, ministry. — hus, es; n. A shop, L. — mann, -mecg, es; m. A servant man, a mi- nister, officer, servant. — -scealc, es; m.A labouring servant. — secg, es ; m.A ser- vant man, a messenger, am- bassador. — smielan [un not, se^ele noble] To disho- nour, degrade. — bsernys, se; f. Incense, frankincense. — -be\&dIntroduced bestung- nen Introduced. — bid Ex- pectation. — bidan, -bidian ToaMde,aivait,An biding, -bidung^4w abiding, expecta- tion, awaiting, tarrying. — -bidude Waited. — bigan To boio to, obey, submit. — bindan To unbind, untie. — biscopod Unconfirmed, L. — bryrd Vexed, grieved. — bryrdnes Sorrow. — bugan To obey. — -byrdnys, se;/. Unbearable- ness, resistance. — byrignes A taste. — endwan To know, B. L. — dantan v. Alph. — rleaw f \>ea\v ?] Undutiful, disobe- dient, arrogant, presump- tuous, proud, S. — detan,-det- la, -detnes, -detta, -dettan, etc. v. Alph. — (lisdan ; prt. -riraedende To fear. — dryslic Terrible, L. — drysn Terror, fear, force, power. — drysne, -dryslic, -drysenlic ; adj. 1. Terrible, fearful, dreadful. 2. Causing fear, venerable, respectable, S. — drysnlice Fearfully, dreadfully. — fan- gen Received. — fangennes A receiving.— feng, es ; m. An assumption, a reception, ta- king, an undertaking, a de- fence. — feng Fit, acceptable, approved. — feng Received. A N A'n-fenga, an; m. An under inker. — fengednes A receiv ing. — findan To discover, find. — fon To follow, re- ceive, comprehend forlaetan To lose, relinquish, forsake. — funden Found, taken. — -gan Began. — geat Poured out, fell. — gelic Like, simi- lar. — gemitte, for gemette Found, from gemetan To find. — geotan To pour out. — -senfed Foolish. — gestli<5nes Hospitality. — gitan To get, know. — golden Paid, suf- fered. — grislfc Horrid. — -grysendlice Terribly. — gy- tan To find, discover, under- stand, know. — hafen Ele- vated. — hebban To lift up. — hefednes Exaltation. — -hon To hang. — hreosan To rush upon. — hyldan To in- cline. — hyran To be anxious, emulous. — laedan To lead on. — teste, -lasted theinstant, at the moment. — leof Hire, L. — licnes, se ; /. I. A like- ness, a similitude, resem- blance, an idea, an image. 2. A statue, an idol,a stature, a height. — lifen Food, S. — -luste At the instant. — lutan To incline. — saca, &n;m.A denier. — ssec A denying. — -saet Set against, hated. — -sceat The bowels, the intes- tines, S. — scod Unshod. — -scunian To shun. — scuni- endlic.-scunigendlic ^fromi- nable. — secgan To affirm, avouch. — segednes,-segdnes, se ;/. A thing ivhich is vow- ed, or devoted, an oblation, a sacrifice. — sendan To send. — settan To impose. — sien A figure, aspect. — sin A view, sight, v. an-syn. — speca, -spaaca, an ; m. A speaker against, an accuser, a perse- cutor. S. — standan, p.-stod ; pp. -standen To stand a- gainst, resist, withstand, to be firm, or steadfast, inhabit, dwell, S. — swarian To an- swer. — talic, -tallic Not wicked,clean,pure fjracian To fear, to be afraid, to dread. — \>r?dc,-)>rsec\icFear- ful, terrible, horrible, S. — -timber, es ; n. Matter, ma- terials, substance, a theme. — trumnes,se;/. An infirmi- ty. — tymber Wood, matter, S. — tynanTo open. — wadan; p. -wod To invade, intrude, L. — wann Fought against. — -weard Present. — weardnes Presence. — weg Away. — A'N A'n-weorc A cause. — winnan To fight against, to attack. — wteta Envy, L. — wlite A personal appearance. — -wlitegian To change the form of. — wlow, -wloh Tin- trimmed, neglected, without a good grace, deformed, ill- favoured, M. — wod Invaded. — wreon To uncover, reveal. — wrygenys, se;/. A reveal- ing, disclosing, an opening, a sermon, a homily, S. — wu- nigende Inhabiting. A'n, aen; g. m. n. anes ; g.f. anre ; def se ana; seo, Jjtet ane. 1. One. 2. Single, sole, another. Used in 1.2. defi- nitely, and generally writ- ten ana m, and sometimes aina, anga ; /. n. ane. 3. A certain one, someone, v. sum. 4. Any, every one, all. In this sense it admits of a plu- ral form; as, A'nragehwa, anra gehwylc Every one, or literally Every one of all. — A'n aefter anum One after another. — To anum to anum From one to the other, only. Ymban beon To agree. — On an In one, continually. — Her. A'ncer-, -lie, -lif, -setl ; ancra : sen, aene, aenig, am-lic: aeninga : aenigwaeta: amber : ^ne -leac. — A'n- buend A lone dweller, a her- mit. — buende Lone dwelling. — cenned Only-begotten. — -cer, v. Alph. — cumin urn One by one, singly. — dseg, es; m: -daga , an ; to. A day or term appointed for hearing a cause, Th.gl. — daeges Daily, day by day. — dagian To ap- point a day, to cite. — e Alone, only, An. — e One. — edge One-eyed, blind of one eye. — ecge One-edged, having one edge,L. — ege,-egedOne- eyed,S — e-hy rued One-horn- ed, L. — es An agreement, v. -Des. — es bleos Of one colour. — es geares Of one year. — -es hiwes Of the same hue or shape. — es wana Wanting of one. — es wana twentig Wanting one of twenty, nineteen. — feereld A journey, B. — fah Of one colour. — -feald,-fealdlic0ne/oM,si»j- ple, single, one alone, singu- lar, peculiar, matchless. — -fealdlice Singly, simply, without intermission, S. — -fealdnes, se ; /. Oneness, unity, simplicity, singleness, agreement. A'N A'n-floga, an ; m. A solitary filer, one alone. — ga Any one, only. — gangan To go alone.— gehwylc Every, An. — geng Going or wander- ing alone, S. — gengea, -gen- ga, an ; m. A solitary, one who goes alone. — geweald Sole power. — gylde, es ; n. 1 . A rate fixed by law. at which certain injuries were to be paid for, either to per- son or property, {Th. gl.) recompence, amends. 2. The fixed price at which cattle andot her goods werereceived in currency. — haga, an ; m. One hedged in, one alone, a hermit. — ha«ian To be at leisure.— hend? One-handed, lame, imperfect, weak, S. — -hirne The one-horn, uni- corn. — hoga, an; to. A re- cluse, Ex. — 'noma, an ; to. Anunicorn. — hraedlice Una- nimously. — hydig One or single-minded, sincere, stub- born. — hynd One-handed,S. — hyrne,-hy me deur An uni- corn,S.—hyrnedOne-horned, having one horn. — hyrnend, es; to. Anunicorn. — igAny. — ige, -igge One-eyed, S. — -inga One by one, singly, at once, clearly, plainly, entire- ly, altogether, necessarily. — laec A respect, regard, con- sideration. — laecan To bring to one, to unite. — laetan To let alone forbear, relinquish. — la -work. — smi<5, es ; m. A copper-smith, a brazier, a icorker in brass. — uwe, an ;/. An arrow. A'r An oar. — bleed The oar- blade. — geblond The sea. — -locu An oar-hole, the notch in which oars are placed in rowing, Mo. — wcla, an ; m. Oar-room or local, the sea. ■ — wiiSbe An oar-withe, a willow-band to tieoars icith. Araeman To raise, lift up, erect, elevate, Cd. Aran Parcere, B. Aras messengers, v. ar. Arc, es ; m. A vessel to siuim on water, an ark, a coffer, chest, hutch, v. earc. Arce-bisceop, es ; m. [apxoc Chief] An archbishop, who was in rank equal to an eebeling or prince, Th. Lap. -bisceop-had,es; m.The dig- nity of an archbishop. — dia- eon An archdeacon, a bi- shop's vicegerent. — stol, es; to. An archiepiscopal see or seat, S. Ard I An ensign of office, such as a pall or staff? Ch. 997. Ardlic Quick, early, Le. — Ard- lice Quickly, immediately. Are, es; in. A court-yard, L. A're, arena honour, v. ar. A'rewe, aruwe, arwe.an;./". An arrow, v. ar ore. A'rewe, an ;f. Arrow, the name of a river so called from its swiftness or straightness, S. A're-weor<5, S. v. ar-weorcS. Arg Wicked, bad, v. earg. Arh Mean. — lice Disgrace- fully, v. earh-, earg-. Arianisc ; def. se Arrianisca Arian, belonging to Arius. Arist a rising, v, a-risan. A'riwe an arroio, v. arewe. Arm An arm. — beah A brace let, v. earm. Arm miserable, v. earm. Am ran ; p. of yrnan. 33 ATE A'rna ; g. pi. of ax honour. Arod A species of herb, S. Arod Ready, conjectured, par- doned, Mo. — lice Quickly, S. — scipe, es; m. Dexterity, readiness, aptness, dignity, honour. Arrianisc Arian, v. Arianisc. Ars Podex. — Ars-gang, es; m. Anus, latrina, L. v. ears. AH5 thou art, C. v. wesan. Arudlice quickly, v. ardlic. A'rum With cares, carefully, safely, v. ar, e ; f. honour. A'ruwe, arwe an arrow, An. v. arewe. — Der. ar ore. Arydid Rubbed, S. Arynd-raca jin ambassador, S. Aryst Resurrection, v.ae-ryst. Arytrid robbed, v. arydid. A's 1 brass, L. v. ar. A sal an ass, S. v. assa. Asanian To languish, Ex. Asaru The herb foal's foot, S. Asca Dust, C. Ascau To ask, B. Ascas Ash trees, men, v. aasc. Asce, sesce, axe, ahse, axsp, aexe, an ;f. Ashes, a cinder ; cinis. — Der. ysela. A'scian, ahsian, acsian, axian, acsigan, axigean To ask, in- quire, explore, inquire after, hearsay, be informed, An. — Der. eesce. Ascbrotu Fennel-giant, S. A'scung, a question, v. acsunc Asetnys a statute, v. a-setnys. Ass-a, an ; m. A male ass. — Ass-e, an ; /. A she-ass. — ■ Ass-myre, an ;f. A mare-ass. Assald An ass, C. v. asal. Assan-diin Ashdown,v. iEsees- dun, in sesc-. Asse-dun ; adj. Ashdun, of a dun or dark colour, L. Assirige Assyria, L. A st A kiln, L. Asterion The herb pelUtory. At At, to, with, against, from. — baarst Escaped. — eowan, -eowian, p. ede ; pp. ed To appear, reveal, disclose, ma- nifest, shoio, An. — feolan To lean to, Le. — gar A javelin. — ywian To appear, show, An. v. set. A'ta, an ; m. An oat. — A'tan oats, tares, Der. etan. A'celic Deformed, foul, ill-fa- voured, corrupt, shameful. — atelice Horribly. A'telucost, atelicost ; sp. of atelic foul. A'ter Poison, An. — drinc A poisonous potion or drink, bile. — la<5e Betony, penny grass, L — lie Snakelike, hor- D ATI rible, terrible, gorgonian. — -tan, es ; in. A poisoned rod, K. v. attor. A<5-, v. Alph. a<5-waenan, -wyr- dan, -ywian. A'i, es ; m. An oath. — Der. a. — A'i abycganTomakeoath. — berstan To break an oath, to perjure. — brice, es; m. A breaking of an oath, perjury. — fultum, es; in. An accusa- tion. — gehat, es ; n. A sacred pledge, an oath, sacrament. — loga, an ; m. Anoath-lier, a perjurer. — staef, es ; in. An oath support, a firm oath. — -sware A firm oath, an oath. — swari n g An oath s weorrl , es; n. An oath of an oath, a frm or sacred oath, an oath,K. — swerian To devote, dedicate. — swerung, e;f.An oath swearing, an oath. — -swird An oath. — syllan To give oath, to swear. — wed, es; n. A solemn oath, sacra- ment. — wyrtSe Oath worthy, worthy of credit. A'Jje, a by ; conj. Therefore, so far that, so much. — It more properly means Ever the, as a )>y, a be de6rwyrS- ran Ever the more precious. A' \>f ma Ever the more. A' by betera Ever the better, v. Af>ed skinned, S. v. set-hid. A begen Full, stuffed out, S. A<5elo nobility, K. seSel-o. A<5er or, either, An. v. a<5or. A bexe A lizard, newt, S. AJ^nyid pilled, S. v. a-Jsryd. Abol Dire, Ex. Aior, au<5er, awSer ; pron. Either, the one or the other, other, both. AXor ; adj. Higher, former. A$or,au$er,a$or oHeEither, or, v. oS<5e. A'<5um, es; m. l.A sonin law. 2. A brother in law, a sis- ter's husband, Ch. 1091. AJning, e;f. Breath, An. A£-waenan To take aivay, di- minish, abate, S. v. set- wen an. Abwat, na afiwat him Shall not disappoint him, L. Afiweran to beat, v. a-bweran. A<5-wyrdan ; p. a<5-word To answer, L. v. and-wyrdan. A' by^ therefore, v. a Jpe. At-hyd Skinned, v. set-hid. AJjylgian To support, L. Ab-ywian To appear, L. A'tih tares, C. v. ata. At-iwan To appear, M. v. ywan, eawian. AYD Atiwedc shewn, v. aet-eowian. A'tol, eatol, atollic, atelic de- formed, foul, v. attor. A' tor Poison. — berende, -lafce, -scea<5a, v. attor. A'tter, -berende, -coppa,-la8e, v. attor. A'ttor, atter, ator, ater ; g. attres ; d. attre ; n. Poison matter; pus. — Der. iE'ttor: aeteren, aetern, aettren : atol, eatol : attrian. — A'ttor-be- rende Poison bearing, poi- sonous. — coppa, an; m. A spider. — craft, es; m. Poi- son craft, the art of poison- ing. — drinc, es ; m. Poison- ous drink, poison, bile. — -la&e, es ; in. Betony, penny grass. — lie Snakelike, hor- rible, terrible, gorgonian. — -sceaba, an ; m. An envenom- ed enemy, or spoiler. — tan, es ; m. A poisoned rod, K. A'ttre with poison, v. attor. A'ttr-ed, -od Poisoned. — en Poisonous. — ian; p. ode ; pp. od To poison, envenom, Der. attor. A'tul Dire, cruel, G. v. atol. Atywian, p. de To appear, re- veal, disclose, show, mani- fest, L. v. aet-eow-ednis, at- ywian, Der. eage. Auht any thing, v. aht. Aurnen run out, v. a-yrnan. AuSer other, v. a<5or. AucSer or. v. oS&e. A'vva Always. — Der. a. Awaergda The wicked one, the devil, v. a-wsergda. Aweg Away, out, v. a-weg. Awel an awl, v. ael, Awht aught, v. aht. A'wo always, v. awa. Aw<5re, awfcer Another, S. Awul an awl, v. ael. Ax An ear of corn, Le. — Der. ecg. Axanfor oxan oxen, v. oxa. Axan ashes, cinders, v. axe. Axan-minster Axminster, De- von, v. acsan-mynster. Ax-bacen Baked in ashes, L. Axe, aexe, ahse, axse ; an ; f. Ashes, v. asce. — Der. ysela. A'xian to ask, v. acsian. A'xiendlic, axigendlic ; adj. Enquiring, inquisitive, S. A'xigean to ask, v. acsian. A'xigian to ask, B. v. acsian. A'xode asked, v. acsian. Axse ashes, v. axe. A'xsian to ask, inquire, to be informed, Apl. v. acsian. A'xung inquiry, v. acsung. A-idlian to jail, v. a-idlian. A-ydlige fails, v. a-idlian. 34 B. In Anglo-Saxon we find that b interchanges with the other labials f, p, and v, and with u : Ic haebbe I have, he haefX he hath. When words are transferred into modern English, b is sometimes re- presented by v or f, as Beber, befer A beaver; lfig Ivy; O'ber, ofer Over; Ebolsung, efolsung Blasphemy. Ba both,f. n. of begen. Baca of backs, pi. of bsee. Bacan, ic bace, b u basest, he bseci ; p. ic b6c, we bocon ; pp. bacen To bake. — Der. Baec-ere,-estre: bacen,niw-. Bac-slitol, v. bsec-slitol. Bacu backs, pi. of baec. Bad, e ;/. A pledge, a stake, a thing distrained. — ere, es ; m. A pledger. — ian 1 . To pledge, to lay in, or to pawn. 2. To seize on, or take for a distress, or by way of a pledge. Bad expected, p. o/bidan. Baddan-burh ; g. -burge ; d. -by rig ;/. Badbury, Dorset. Brcc ; g. baeces ; d. baece ; pi. nm. a. bacu ; g. baca ; d. bacum, n.A back. — On baec, and Under baec At his back, behind.backward. — On bsec- YmgBackwards Der.O'ler-, on-. — Baec-berende Taking on the back.— bord, es ; n. The larboard, or left-hand side of a ship when looking towards the prow, or head. — -slitol A backbiter , slanderer . — b earm j es j m " Rectum longanum, anus, S. L. — -bearmas The bowels. Baec-ere, es; in. A baker, L. — -ering A gridiron, S. — em, - es; n. A bakehouse. — estre, an ; /. A woman who bakes, a baker. — hus, es ; n.A bake- house. — Der. bacan. Bsecst bakest, v. bacan. BaecS bakes, v. bacan. Baed, baedd a bed, -ling, -rida, -stede, -bearm, v. bed. Baed prayed, v. biddan. Basd-an ; p. de; pp. ed To compel, constrain. — end, es; m. A vehement persuader, a solicitor, stirrer, S. Baedd a bed, v. bed. Baedde Exactum, B. Baeddel Hermaphrodite. Baedel a beadle, v. bydel* Baede-weg A cup, v. beado. Baedt commanded, v. biddan. Bsedzere, bsezere, es; m: bse- zera, an ; to. A baptizer, baptist, R. Baefta, an ; m. The back. Baeftan, be-aeftan ; prep. d. 1. After, behind. 2. Without. Basftan sittende Idle, S. Basftan, barfta ; adv. After, hereafter, afterioards. Baegeras, pi. to : baegS-ware ; pi. to. The Bavarians. Baeh a crown, v. beah. Basl, es; n. 1. A funeral pile. 2. A burning. — blaese.-blise, -blase, an ; f. Blaze of the funeral pile. — fyr, es; n. A funeral pile. — stede, es; m. A funeral pile place. — j>raec, e ; f. Fire force. — wudu Wood of the funeral pile. Bm\c\.Abelch. 2. The sto- mach, pride, arrogance, L. Boelc a covering, Cd. v. balca. Baelcan To become angry, Ex. Baelded Animated, S. Bceldu Confidence, L. Baelg, baelig, bylig, belg, es ; to. A bulge, budget, bag, purse, belly. — Der. Bean-, blast-, mete-, win-. Baelignis, se;f. An injury, L. Baam/orbam : d. o/ba both. Basnc, banc, e ; f. \. A bench. 2. A bed, bedstead, S. Baend a band, crown, v. bend. Baendan to bind, L. v. bindan. Baer : g. to. n. bares : /. baerre : d. barum : ac. baerne : se bara ; seo, fjaet bare ; adj. Bare, naked, open. — Baer- f6t Barefoot. — lice Barely, nakedly, openly. — synning One sinning openly, a pub- lican, S. B;er [J] bare, v. barian. Baer, e;f. I. A bier. 2.Apor- table bed, M. Baer bore; p. o/beran. -baer,-baexe An adjective termi- nation, signifying Produc- ing, bearing: as Waestmbaere Fruit -bearing, fruitful. iEppelbaer Apple-bearing. BaSr-beah ; g. -beages ; m. A bearing ring, Ex. — disc,es ; to. [disc a dish, table] A frame on which dishes were brought, and set upon the table, a course, service, L. — -mann, es; m. A man who bears, a bearer, porter. Baerc-fiearm or snaedel the bowels, L. v. baec-}>earm. Baereden Rid of , beridden, de- prived, driven away, S. Bairende Bearing, v. beran. Baerm a bosom, v. bearm. Baern a barn, v. bere-ern. Baern-an, p. de ; pp. ed; v. a BAL To kindle, light, set on fire, to burn, burn up. — es, se;/. A burning. — ete, es ; n. A combustion. — ing.4 burning. Baers, bears, es ; to. A perch ; perca, lupus, S. Baerst burst; p. o/berstan. BaerstlaS broke, burst, L. Baer-suinig, -suinih, -sunnig, -syndig, -synnig, -suining One sinning openly, a public sinner, a publican, R. v. baer open. Baerwas groves, v. bearwas. Baest The inner bark of a tree, of which ropes were made, L. — en rap A linden or bast rope. Baestere a baptizer,v.bxdzere. Baeswe crimson, v. baswe. Beet a boat, v. bat. Baetan ; p. baette ; v. a. To bridle, rein in, curb, bit. Bake, gebcete A bit of a bri- dle, a bridle, trappings, har- ness, L. Bae<5 ; g. baeSes ; pi. baSu ; g. ba<5a; d. ba<5um;n. A bath. — BaeS-ere,es; to. A baptist. — hiis, es; n. A bath-house. — ian To bathe. — stede, es ; to : -stow, e; f. A bathing place. — waeg, es; to. A wave of the sea, the sea. Basting, beting, e ; f. A cable, a rope, any thing that holds or restrains, L. Baette restrained, v. baetan. Baezera, bsezere, v. baedzere. Balca, an ; to? \. A balk, heap, ridge. 2. A beam, roof, co- vering, balcony, L. M. Balcettan to belch, v. bealcian. Bald, beald, by Id; adj. Bold, audacious, adventurous. Bald, beald, bold, The incipi- ent, or terminating syllables of m. proper names denoting Bold, courageous, honoura- ble : as, Baldewin, Balduin Bold in battle, from bald, and win A contest, battle. Eadbold or Eadbald Hap- pily bold, from ead or eadig and bald. — Bald-e Boldly. — lie Bold. — lice Boldly, in- stantly, earnestly, saucily. — -or,es; m.A prince. — wyrda, an ; to. A saucy gester 1 S. Baldor, bealdor, es; m. The bolder, a hero, prince. Baldra bolder, v. bald. Baldsam Balsam, balm. — Bal- sames blaed, e;f. The bal- sam's fruit. Balewa, an ; to. The baleful or wicked one; Satan, Cd. Balewe loicked, v. balo. 35 BAR Ballice boldly, v. bealdlice. Balo, balu; g.m.n. -wes;/. -re Miserable, wicked, v. bealu. Bals-minte, an ; f. Balsam or spear-mint, water-mint. Balzara balsam, v. baldsam. Bam to both ; d. of begen. Ban Interdictum, G. — Der. Ban, -coS, -fag, -gar, v. bana. Ban, es; n. A bone. — Der. Bre- ast-, cin-, elpen-, hrycg-, wido-, ylpen-. — Ban-beorh ; g. -beorges ; m: pi. -beorgas Boots, buskins, greaves. — -brice, es ; to. A breaking, or fracture of a bone. — cofa, an ; to. A bone dwelling, the body. — en Bony, horny. — -es birst A breaking of a bone. — es bite, es; n. A bone bite, a biting to the bone. — -fast The bone vessel, the body. — hring, es; m. A bone- ring, a neck-bone. — hiis, es ; n.The bone-house, the breast, the body. Hence -huses weard The body s guard, the mind. — loca, an ; m. A bone inclosure, the skin, body. — -rift,-ryft,es;n..4 bone cover, boots, greaves. — sele, es ; to. The bone-hall, or dwelling, the body. — waerc,-weorc, esj n. Grief, pain, or ache in the bones, S. — wyrt, e;f. Bone- wort, a violet, perhaps the small knapweed, S. Bana, bona, an; to. 1 . A wound maker, a killer, murderer, manslayer. 2. Destruction, death, the undoing, bane. — Der. ben, v. ban. — Ban- co<5, e ; ./: -co<5a, an ; to. A dire disease, a malady, the erysipelas, Ex. — fah, -fag Death or murder stained. — -erar, es ; m. A death spear. Banc A bench, bank, hillock, S. Bancorena burh, Bancorna burh; g. burge ; d. byrig; /. Bangor, S. Band bound, v. bindan. Banda a band, householder, husband, v. bonda. Ban-gar, v. bana. Bannan To command, L. Bannuc-camb A wool- comb. Bansegn A banner, an ensign. Baorm bosom, v. bearm. Bar, es; m. A bear, v. bera. Bar, es ; to. A boar. — spere, es;n: -spreot,es; m.A boar spear. Bara, bares bare, v. baer. Barbacan, barbycan An out- work, a pronwntory, L. Barda, an ; to. A beaked ship, a ship pointed ivithiron, Mo. d2 BE Barian, barenian, p. ode; pp. od To make bare, v. beriari. Barm a bosom, v. bparrn. Barn burned, v. hyrtian. Baroc-scyr, e ; f. Berkshire. Baron A man : homo, /,. Bar? A fish ; dromo, B. Basing A short cloak, a cloak. — The name of a place, Basing, old Basing, near Basingstoke, Hampshire. Basn-ian ; p. ode ; pp. od To expect — ung, e ; f. Expec- tation. Baso, basu A berry ? G. Baso, basu. 1. Purple. 2. A kind of colour mixed with blue and purple, S. — Der. Brun-. — Baso-popig A pur- ple poppy 1 astula regia? Mo. Basterne Basternce, S. Basu, e ;/. A scarlet robe, G. Basu : g. m. n. -wes : f. -re : pi. nm. m. f. n. -we ; adj. Purple,crimson; purpureus. Basuian To be purple clad, S. Baswe crimson, pi. of ba9u. Baswon-stan.es; m.[b&supur- ple, stan stone'] A topaz, a precious stone varying from a yellow to a violet colour. Bat, es ; m ? A bat, club, staff. Bat, es; m. A boat, ship, ves- sel. — Der. See-. — Bat-swan, es; m. A boatswain, boat- wan, L. — weard, es ; m. Keeper or commander of a ship. Bat bit, v. bitan. Batan To bait or lay a bait for a fish, to bait a hook, S. Bate Contention, L. BaSa of baths, v. ba><5. BaSan Baths: BaiSan, Ba<5 Deprives. — -scyrung, e;f. A deposing, degrading, putting from holy orders, S. — scy t Injects. — seah Viewed. — seald Fur- nished. — secgan To defend. — segan To go downwards or aside. — sencan To sink. — -sendan To send, An.—sen- gan, -sencan To singe, burn, C. L. — seon To look about ; to see, behold. — seten, -setten Beset. — settan To set near, to place. — sidian By the side, well, L. — sigan To descend. — silfred Silvered. — sincan To sink. — singan To utter enchantments, to enchant. — siuing A bending, L. — sio Regard, see. — si$ A scandal, an offence. — sittan 1. To sit round, beset, besiege. 2. To possess. — siwian I'o sew to- gether, to join. — slagen, -slae- gen Cut off. — slean To beat. — slegen Slain. — 3lep Sleepy, drowsy, S. — slepan To be sleepy. — slepan on To put on, impose. — sl6h Bereft.— -smired Besmeared, B. BE Be-smitan Tobesmut, defile. — -smitenys, se ; f. Dirtiness, smuttiness, pollution, infec- tion. — smiSian To forge. — -smyred Besmeared. — snae- dan To cut off, Cd. — sniwed Snowed.— snySan To cut off. — solcen Slow. — sone Soon, S. — sorg Anxious, careful, dear, beloved. — sorgian To sorrow for. — sorgod Anxi- ous. — sorh Anxious.— spanan To entice. — sparrade Be- sparred, shut, S. — speon, -spon Induced. — spirian To trace. — sprecan To speak to, to tell, pretend, plead, to complain, accuse, impeach. — sprengan To besprinkle. — -spryc<5 Tells. — spyrian To trace, inquire.— stael Stole. — staepan To step. — standan To stand by or on, to occupy. — stefnde Called, L. — stelan To steal away. — stemed Be- steamed, bedewed, surround- ed. — stingan To inject. — -stirian To heap vp. — stred Strowed. — streowian To be- strew. — stridan To bestride, L. — stroden Brought into the treasury .— strudon Spoil- ed. — strypan To strip, rob. — strypan ; p. ede ; pp. ed To erect, heap up. — s try wed Bestrewed. — stungen Inject- ed. — stymed Besteamed. — -styredon Heaped up. — styr- man, -styrmian To bestorm, to storm. — suncen Sunk. — -swac Deceived. — swaelan ; pp. ed To burn, consume. — -swapan To clear up, to per- suade, to make clean, to clothe. — swemde Beswam. — -sweop Clothed. — swepan To swathe, S. — swic, es; n. De- ceit, a deceiving, an offence, a scandal, S. — swiean To deceive, weaken, escape, of- fend. — swicend,es; m. A de- ceiver, seducer. — swimman To swim, to swim about, L. — -swincan To labour. — swin- gan To whip, An. — swuncen Worn. — swuncon Laboured. — swungen Beaten. — syled Soiled, stained. — sylfrede Silvered, besilvered. — Syrian To ensnare, A pi. — syrpan To take hold of, B. — syrwian To ensnare. — teecan ; p. -taehte ; pp. -taeht, ] . To sheio. 2. To betake, impart, deliver to, commit, assign, appoint, put in trust. 3. To send, to fol- low, pursue. — taacung, e ; f. A betaking, S. BE Be- taeht Given up. — teldan ; p. -told j -tolden To cover, enclose. — tellan ; p. tealde ; pp. geteald To speak about, to answer, excuse, justify, clear. — tenge Heavy, G. v. getenge. — teon To ac- cuse, bequeath. — paeht Co- vered. — paerfe<5 Is needful. — peaht Covered. — pearfan To want. — peccan To cover, cloak. — pencan To consider, bethink, remember. — perfa<5 Is needful. — p6ht, -pohte Bethought. — porfte Need, didst need. — pridian, -pry- dian ; p. ede ; pp. ed To surround, beset, circumvent, force, pillage, destroy. — pur- fon Have need. — pvvean To wash. — pwyr Perverse, de- praved. — pyddon Opened. — -tienan To shut, conclude. — •tihte Blamed. — tihtlod, -tyhtlod Accused. — timbrian To build. — togen, 1. Pulled over, drawn over. 2. Ac- cused, impeached togen nes, se;f. An accusation, S. — -traeppan To betrap, entrap. — tredan To tread upon. — -trymian To besiege, environ. — tugon Shut in, drew. — tuh, -tux Betwixt. — tux-sittan To insert. — tweoh, -tweohs, -tweox, -twux, -twuxt, -twyxt;prep. d. ac. Betwixt, among, during. — tweonum, -tweonan, -twynan ; prep. d. Between, among. — tweox Be- twixt, S. — twih-ligan To lie between. — twinan Between. — twion Double, two-fold. — -twix Betwixt, B. — twuh, -twux, -twy, -twih, -twyh Between. — twux-alegednes, se ; f. An interposition, in- terjection. — twux-aworpen- nes, se ; f. An interjection. — twux-cuman To come be- tioeen, to happen. — twux- geareod Left, omitted. — twy , -twyh Among. — twyh-geset Interposed. — twyh-gonging Going between, dividing — -twynan Between, among. — -twyx Betwixt. — twyx-sen- dan To send between. — tygen Accused. — tyhS Accuses, — -tynan, 1. To enclose, hedge in, close, shut up, stop, cover, hide. 2. To end, form, finish. — tyran To betar, to smear over, to stain a dark colour. — ufan Above. — un-gewyrh- tum Freely, S. — utan From without. — waecan To soften, weaken. 39 BE Be-waefan; p. de; pp. ed To befold, to cover round, to clothe, cover, hide. — waeg titan Surrounded. — waeht Disappointed. — wseled Af- flicted. — waendan To turn, Apl — waepnian To take away arms, to disarm. — waferian To defend, S. — wand Wrap- ped up. — warenian, -warian To keep, defend. — warigan To ward off. — warnian To beware, vjarn. — weallen Cooked. — wealwian To wal- low. — weardian To ward, keep. — wearp Has cast.— -weddendlic Relating to marriage. — weddian To es- pouse, wed. — weddung A wedding. — wefan ; p. -waef; pp. wefen To beweave, clothe. — wegde,-weht Disappoint- ed. — wendan To turn. — -we6p Wept. — weorcan To encompass, An. — weorpan To cast, beat, An. — wepaa To bewail. — weran To pour out, L. — werenes, se; f. A forbidding. — werian To de- fend, restrain. — werigend , es; m. A defender. — werod Restrained. — werung, e ; f. A defence, a fortification. — -wician To encamp. — wille Willingly. — wimman ? A niece, S. — windan To enfold, to wrap or wind about, em- brace, entwine, extend. — -wissian To rule, B. — wiste Governed,presided. — witan; ic, he -wat ; p. -wiste, - wiston; pp. -witen. 1. To overlook, watch over, superintend, to act as a tutor to, preside, govern, command. 2. To keep, preserve, administer. — -witian ;p. -weotede To pro- vide, K. — wlat Beheld, saw. — wlatung, e ; f. A show, sight, pageant, S. — wopen Bewailed. — worht Worked round, surrounded. — worpen Cast. — wraecon, -wrecen Wreaked. — wrencan To de- ceive. — wreon To cover, over- whelm. — wrigennes, se;y. A hiding, keeping close, or con- cealing^ wrihan To clothe. — wrrSan To bind, retain. — wriSen Begirt. — wrogen Covered. — wruge Protected. — wunden Wrapped. — wur- pon Threw.— wyddod Pledg- ed. — wylewan To tcallow. — -wyrcan To work, build, work in, engrave. — wyrpan To cast. — yruan ; p. -am ; pp. -urnen To run by, to come in, incur, occur, meet. BEA Be&cen, beacn, b6cn, bycn, becen, been , es ; n. A beacon, sign, token. — Der. Fore-, freo$u-,heofon-,here-,sige-; beacn, -ian, -ung ; byxn-an, been - an, -ian, bicn-ian, -endl(c,-iend,-iendh'c: beh$. — Beaeen-, beacn-ian ; p. ode ; pp. od To beckon, nod, sheio. — iendlic Allegorical. — stan, es ; m: -tor, es; m. A beacon stone, a tower on which the beacon fire was set. — ung, e; f. 1. A beckoning or nodding. 2. A speaking by tropes or figures, S. Beacn, v. beaeen. Bead a table, C. v. bord. Bead a prayer, v. gebed. Bead commanded, v. be6dan. Beada, an ; m. A counsellor, persuader, an exhorter, S. Beadauford, es ; m. Bedford. Beado, ircdcZ: beadu ; g. bead- wes ; n. Battle, tear, slaugh- ter, cruelty. It is used, as a prefix only, in composition, thus, Beado-, beadu-folm, e ;f. A war or bloody hand. — grim, es; m. War grim, war furious. — grime, an;/. A war helmet. — hraegl, es; m. A war garment, coat of mail. — lac, es ; n. Play of battle. — le6ma, an ; in. A war-gleam, a sword. — mse- gen, es ; n. Battle, strength. — meee, es ; m. A sword of slaughter. — T&s,es;m.A bat- tle rush, an onset. — rinc, es; m. [rinc a man] A soldier. — run, e;f. A war-speech, a quarrel. — scearp Sharp in fight.— scnid, es ; n. A coat of mail. — searo, wes ; n. Engine or weapon of xoar, snares. — syrce, an ;/. A war shirt, a coat of mail. — weg, e; f. A war cup, a cup. — -weorc, es ; n. War-ioork. — -weorca, an ; m. A war work- er, a soldier. — wig Holy con- test. — vvulf, es; m.Beowulf, An. Beadon for baedon, v. biddan. Beadu war, v. beado. Becegped, beagled Dead,L. Beaf A gadfly, breeze, Le. Beaftan; p. beaft; pp. beafted To lament, C. Beag a crown, v. beah. Beag gave way, v. beah. Beage, beages, v. beah. Beagen both, v. begen. Beagian, biegian To crown, to set a garland on, S. BeagSed dead, v. beaegiSed. Beah, beh, bzeh ; g. beages ; BEA d. beage ; pi. beagas ; m. Metal made into circular or- naments, as bracelets, neck- rings, laces, garlands, or crowns. These being valu- able, were probably used, in early times, as means of ex- change or as money ; hence the origin of ring -money. — Beah - gifa, an ; m. A ring giver, alluding to ring or bracelet money. — bord, es ; m. A ring hoard, a treasury. — hroden Adorned with bracelets. — Bel,-selu, e;f.A ring-hall, a hall, palace. — -pegu, e ; /. A ring-service, a giving of rings or a reward. — writSa, an ; m. A ring- leader, a prince. Beah submitted, v. biigan. Bealcian, bealccttan To belch, emit, utter, pour out, S. Beald Bold. — lice Boldly, in- stantly, earnestly, saucily. — or A prince. — wyrda A saucy jester, S. v. bald. Bealh was angry, v. belgan. Bealloc, bealluc, es ; m. A tes- ticle, one of the two organs in the scrotum, S. Bealo misery, v. bealu. Bealu, bealo; g. bealues, be- alwes, bealowes ; pi. bealuas, bealwas ; g. bealna, bealu- wa, bealwa, beala ; m. 1. Bale, woe, evil, mischief. 2. Wickedness, depravity ; chiefly used in composition. — Der. Aldor-, cwealm-, feorh-, le6d-, morS-, niht-, sweord-, un-, wig-. — Bealu, bealo ; adj. 1. Miserable, se- vere, deadly. 2. Depraved, wicked.— ben, -benn, e;f. A baleful wound. — cwealm, es ; tn. A dreadful death, death. — full Baleful, dire, cursed, wicked, M.— heard Deadly hard. — hyegende Evil think- ing. —niS, es ; m. Baleful malice, wickedness. — sie6f,es; m.A thief or stealer of bees. — wyrt, e ; f. Bee-wort. Beo I am or shall be ; be thou ; v. beon. — Beo hit swa Be it so, so be it. Beoce a beech, v. bece. Beod, es; in. A table. — bolla, an ; in. A table-bowl, a cup, bowl, S. — cla<5, es; to. 1. A table-cloth, carpet, hanging, S. 2. A bed-cloth, coverlet, blanket, bed-clothes. — ern.es; n. A chamber. — fers, es ; n. A song or hymn sung during meal-time; M. — geneat, es; m. A table, or domestic ser- vant. — gereord, e ; f. A table meal, afeast. — hraegel, es; m: -reaf, es; n. A table- cloth. — sceat, es; m: -scyte, an;/. A table-cloth, table- napkin, hand-towel, S. — -wist, e;/. Food placed on a table, board, a table, M. v. bord. Beodan ; he byt; p. he bead, Jju bude, we budon; pp. bo- den To command,order,bid, will, offer, enjoy. — Beod- endlic gemet, es ; n. The im- perative mood. Beodas Scales of a balance, S. Beofer, es ; m. A beaver. Beofian to tremble, v. bifian. Beofton lamented, v. beaftan. Beofung, e; f. A trembling. Beogan to bend, v. big-an. Beogol, beogul ; adj. Agreeing, bending wholly to, S. Beohata, an; m. One who pro- mises or vows, an undertaker, a surety, v. behata. Beolone henbane, v. belene. Beom a beam, v. beam Beon, bees, pi. of beo. BEO Beon, to beonne; prt. beonde; ic beo, f>6 bist, byst, he by$, biX, we beoS, be6 ; sub. indf. ic, )>u, he, heo, hit beo ; we be6n; imp. beo bu, beofc, be6 we ; v. n. To be, exist, become. Beor, es: n. 1. Beer, nourish- ing or strong drink. 2. Me- theglin? S. — hyrde, es; m. A beer-drinker. — scealc, es; in. A beer-servant. — scipe, es; to. Afeast. — sele, es ; to. A beer hall. — swinig A publican, R. — begu, e ; f. A beer service. — tun, es ; m.A court yard, beer hall 1 M. Beoran to bear, v. beran. Beorc, e;f: -e, an;/. A birch tree. — en birchen, v. birce. Beorcan, he byrc<5 To bark. Beordan-ig, e; /. Bardney, Lincolnshire, S. Beorende, v. beran. Beorg a hill, v. beorh. Beorg-a, -as, -e, -es, -am, v. beorh. Beorgan, ge-beorgan, bergan, he byrg<5 ; p. beorh, bearh ; weburgon; pp. borgen. I. To protect, shelter, defend, fortify, keep, preserve, save. 2. When wi£ follows To for- tify, guard or provide a- gainst, to avoid. — Der. Be-, ymb- : gebeorglic : beorc : beorh, ban-,bre6st-,heafod-, lie-, stan-; herebeorg-a, he- reberg-a, -an: heals-beorga, heals-borga: borga : borh, borg, god-, in-,wer-, -brice, -ian. Beorg-ford, Beorh-ford, es; to. Burford in Oxfordshire, L. Beorh, gebeorh; g. beorges; d. beorge; pi. nm.ac. beorgas; g. beorga ; d. beorgum ; m. 1. A hill, mountain. 2. A rampart, citadel, fortifica- tion, defence, refuge. 3. A heap, burrow or barrow, a heap of stones, a place of burial. — Beorh-ham-stede, es; to. Berkhampstead,Herts. — hleo<5, -hliS, es ; n. A mountain's top, the summit of a mountain. — nys, se; f. A rampart, citadel, S. — -runan The mountain faries, S. — Der. beorgan. Beorh save, v. beorgan. Beorh t Brightness, a glisten- ing, light, sight, glance. — Beorht, adj. Bright, light, clear, lucid, splendid, excel- lent. — Der. Heofon-, hiw-, rodor-, sadol-, sigel-, burh-, wlite- : bearhtm, breahtm, 42 BER -c, -hwaet, -hwlle, -ian. — Beorht-e, -lice Distinctly, clearly, lucidly. — hwile In a glance. — ian To shine, glit- ter, to make a noise, L. — • -lice Brightly, clearly, S. — -me Instantly. — nes, se ; /. Brightness, clearness, splen- dour. — o, -u, Clearness, splendour, L. -beorht, es ; to. Bright : Used only in the termination of the names of men, and hence, 771. K. N. Beorma, an ; to. Barm, leaven, yeast, froth. Beormas The Beormas, a peo- ple dwelling on the shores of the White sea, east of the river Dwina. Beorn, es; to. 1. A chief, chief tain, general, nobleman, prince, king. 2. This word is chiefly used by poets : it was not used as a title ; but, likeEorl, it often signified, in poetry , merely A man. — Der. Folc-,gU(5-. — Beorn-cyning, es;m.Kingofmen,K. — wiga, an ; m. A nobleman, a man. Beorne, v. byrne. Beornes, se ; /. A defence. BeorneS burns, v. bsernan. Beornica rice, es ; n: -maegS, e; /. The kingdomor province oftheBernicians. Bernicia, that part of Northumbria which lies between the river Tee and the Scottish sea or frith. Beornicas The Bernicians. Beorfc, ber$, e; f. A birth. — -cwealm, es ; m. A dead birth, miscarriage. — estre, an ; to. A bearer, breeder. — -ling A child. — J;inen, e ;,/. A midwife.— Der. beran. Beortian io*fti«c,v.beorht-ian. Beor-tun a hall, v. bere-tiin. Beor-wic, es ; in. Berwick, S. Beosmriende, v. bysmerian. Beost, es; to. Biestings, the first milk of a cow after calving, S. Beot.es; n. A threat, peril, promise. — ian To promisf, vow, threaten, menace, S.L. — lie Threatening. — lice Threateningly. — ung, e;f. A beating, vapouring, threat- ening, raging. — word A threat word. Be6t beat, hurt ; v. beatan. Be6<5, are; v. beon. Beotian To promise, An. Beowulf, v. Beado. Beprenan, beprewan To wink. Ber a bier, v. ba?r. Bera, an ; m.A bear, An. BER Ber-sem, v. bere. Berau, he byrS ; p. baer, we baeron; pp. boren, geboren. I. To bear, produce, bring forth. 2. To carry, bear, offer, support, suffer, endure. 3. To excel, surpass. — Der. MU, for-, forcS-, on-, o$-, up- ; berende : berendnes, un- : bere, -corn, -ern, -flor, -gafol, -grass, -hlaf, -saed, -tiin, -wic : basu : berie, hynd-, streaw-, win- : bird, brid : beam, driht-, frum-, steop- : beam : bearm, bear- me : byre : gebyrde, gebyrd, flaesc-,-tid: inbyrdling: ber bearh. BET Bergan To taste, R. Bergan to avoid, v. beorgan. Bergels-leotS, es; n. A burial ode.. — Bergel-song, es ; m. A burial song, v. byrgels in byrgan. Bergena of berries, v. berie. Berg-ham-stede, es ; m. Ber- ham, near Canterbury? Bergyls, v. byrgeis in byrgan. Berh for bearh Shunned. Berht Bright. — nad Bright- ened, S. — r Brighter, v. beorht. Berhtm, v. bearhtnu. Berian of a grape, v. berie. Berian To bare, make naked. Berie, berige, an ; f. A berry, grape. — Der. beran. Berig to a city, d. of burh. Berig-drenc Drink made of mulberries, L. Berige a berry, v. berie. Berigea a surety, v. byriga. Berigena of berries, v. berie. Bern a barn, v. bere-ern. Bernan to burn, v. baernan, Bernes, se; f. A burning. Berst loss, v. byrst. Berstan, he byrst ; p. he baerst, bearst, we burston ; pp. borsten 1. To burst, break, split. 2. To fail, fall, to evade, escape from. — Der. A-, a$-, for-,o8-: berstiug, mu<5- : birst, banes-. Bersting A bursting, a rent. BerXen a burthen, v. byr<5en. Ber8et be- tere, bctre, f.n; adj. [comp. of god] Better. Beter-ian To be better, S. — -ung A bettering, v. be- trian. Betesta, best, v. betst. 43 BI Befien A fomentation, L. Bejj-ian To bathe, cherish. — -ied Made prosperous, S. — -ige, -yge Cherish. — ing A fomentation, an assuaging or nourishing medicine, S. Beting a cable, v. baeting. Betl, es ; m. A beetle ; blatta. Betlic ? Excellent, K. Betnes, se ; /. Satisfaction, amends, recompence, Der. bot. Betoce The herb betony, S. Betogennes, v. be-togen. Betre better, v. betera. Betr-ian, beter-ian; p. ode; pp. od To be better, to excel, to make better, to grow bet- ter ; meliorare. — rung, e;f. A bettering, amending. Betst, betest ; adj. [sup. o/"god] def. se betesta; seo, baet be- teste Best, the best, first ; optimus, primus. Betst ; adv. \sup. o/wel] Best, most ; optime. B6tte corrected, v. betan. Bezera A baptist, JR. Bi By, near, v. be. — Bi-bod A command. — biigan To a- void. — buriged Buried, An. — byegong A selling away, S. — cerran To pass by. — -clyppan To beclip, embrace. — cuman To come, happen. — cwide A proverb. — daelan To deprive. — deped Be- dipped, dyed. — dyttan To shut up. — fasrende Passing by. — fleon To escape, to pass by or under, to go away pri- vately. — flitum A wave, L. — fohten Assailed. — folen Filled. — foran Before. — fylc A neighbouring people, pro- vince, or region, M. — goe<5 Practises. — gang Worship, tillage, S. — gangan To wor- ship. — gencg, -geng Wor- ship. — genga An inhabitant. — gengere, es ; m. A wor- shipper. — geondan Beyond. — geongende Passing by. — -gerdel A purse. — glidan ; p. -glad To glide by. — gong Expanse, exercise.— gonga, an ; m. A cultivator. — gong- genne for -gangenne from -gangan To exercise. — gyr- del.es; m.l. A girdle. As gir- dles were used to carry mo- ney, hence 2. A purse, public purse, a treasury.- — heafd- ian To behead. — healdan To hold, occupy. — helan To cover. — helmod Shrouded. — heonan On this side. — -hlemman To rage, roar, BID dash together, to mix with force so as to produce a noise. — hroren Bedecked. — -hydelice Heedfullj, anxi- ously. — hyMig Careful. — -l.band, bii buude, we buudoii; pp. bun- BIS den. 1. To bind, tie, cap- ture. 2. To pretend. — Her. Be-,on-,un-;unabindendlic: gebind what is bound, a bundle, mass : is- : bend, ancer-, fyr-, hell-, hyge-, iren-, oncer-, searo-, wsel-, -an, -ian. Bindele, an ;f. A binding, ty- ing, fastening with bands. Binnan, binnon Within. Binne, an ;f. A bin, trough. Binoten Bereft, Ex. Bio a bee, v. beo. Wo for beo, I am, v. beon. Biodan may offer, v. beodan. Biom I am, C. v. eora. Bion to be, An. v. beon. Bior beer, v. beor. Biorg a defence, v. beorh. Biorhto Brightness, L. Biofc Are, may be, shall be. Biotian To threaten. Biotul a beetle, staff, v. bytl. Birce, byrce, an ; f. A birch tree. — n Birchen, belonging to birch, S. — holt A birch grove. Bird, es; n. A birth, Apl. Bird a bird, v. brid. Birden-meto Heavy, L. Birel A butler, cup-bearer, steivard. — e A female cup- bearer, a housekeeper, v. byrel. Bire<5 beareth, L. v. beran. Birgan to bury, v. birian. Birgen, e ; f. A burial place, sepulchre, tomb, grave, v. byrgan. Birgincg A tasting, B. Birgnes a taste, v. byrg-an. Birhst defendest ; birh<5 de- fendeth, v. beorgan. Birht Bright, v. beorht. Birhtu brightness, v. beorht. Birian, birgan, birgean, buri- gan ;p.de; pp. ed To bury. — Der. byrian to raise. Birig d. s : nm. ac. pi. of burh. Birigan to bury, v. birgan. Birigh-man A city officer, S. Biriging A tasting, S, Birihto brightness, v. beorht. Birilian, birlian, v. byrl-ian. Birist bearest, v. beran. Birnan to burn, v. byrnan. Birne a coat of mail, v. byrne Birned, v. baernan, byrnan. Birst A bursting, Le. Bissec, -ssece, v. bi-saec. Bisaregian To lament, An. Bisceop,biseop,es;»i. A bishop, prelate, high-priest. The rank of a Bishop tvas equal to that of the aldorman, or highest nobleman, being only inferior to the ^Ebeling or Prince. — dom, es; m. The BIS province of a bishop, episco pary, the office or dignity of a bishop. — had, es ; in. Epis- copacy, episcopal office. — -heafod-lin<4 mitre. — hyrde es ; m. A bishop's herder or herdsman, the clergy of a bishop or diocese. — hyred, es ; n. A bishop's household — ian, p. ode ; pp. od To ex- ercise the office of a bishop, to oversee, visit, confirm. — -lie Bishop-like, episcopal. — -od Confirmed. — rice, es;n. A bishop's dominion, a bi- shopric, episcopacy. — roc, -rocc, es; m. A bishop's ro- chet ? M. — scire, an ; /. A bishop's shire, a diocese,epis- copute. — seld, es; n. A bi- shop's seat or see. — setel, -setl, -se<5el, -se<5l, es ; n. A bishop's seat or see. — st61, es; m. A bishop's stool or see. — -Renting, e; f. A bishop's duty, service. — wite, es ; n. A bishop's fee, procuration — wyrt, e; /. Bishop's -wort, bishop's weed, vervain. Biscop, v. bisceop. Bisegu, bysegn, bisgu, e ; /. Business, occupation, em- ployment, labour, utility. Bisegung, e; f. Employment. Bisen an example, v. bysn. Bisen Blind, L. Bisgian, bysgian To occupy. Bisgu labour, v. bisegu. Bisgung, v. bisegung. Bisig Busy, Apl. v. bysig. Bis-leasung, e; f. Vanity, L. Bism a besom, v. besem. Bismaer Reproachful, L. Bismer, bismor, bysmer, by- smor, es ; m? [bi, sme've fat; smerian to besmear], b'ilthi- ness, pollution, abomination , disgrace, infamy, mochry, reproach, contumely, blas- phemy. — e, es ; m. A de- ceiver, S. — ful Shameful, dreadful, blasphemous, An. — ian, p. ode ; pp. od 1. To mock, insult, ill treat, An. 2. To defame, revile, re- proach, blaspheme. — iend, es ; in. A deceiver. — leoiS , es ; n. A satire, libel. — lie Dis- graceful , ignominious, dirty , unpleasant. — lice Disgrace- fully. — nes, se ; f. A deceit, polluting. — spraec, e ; f. Blasphemy. — uug.e ;/. Blas- phemy. — Der. Smeru. Bismiriende Deriding. Bismor a disgrace, v. bismer. Bismvian To mock, deride. Bisn An example. — Bisn-ian 45 BL.E To give an example, S. — -ung An example, v. bysen. Bisseno A parable, C. Bissexte, bises A leap year, S. Bist art, shall be, v. beon. Bisy Busy, Apl. v. bisig. Bit, bitt asks, v. biddan. Bit-, for bite, v. bit-m;Elum. Bita, an ; in. I. A biter, a fierce animal, a wild beast. 2. What is bitten or broken off, A bit, piece. Bitan ; ic bite, he bit; p. bat, biton; pp. biten To bite. — Der. A-, on-: bitan: bite, laS-. Bite, es , m. A bite, K. Bitel, betel, es; m: bitela, an ; m. L. A beetle; blatta, S, Bitenrle biting, v. bitan. Biter, bitter, Bitter, sharp, horrid. — ian, p. de ; pp. ed To make bitter, sharp. — lice Bitterly. — nes ; se; /. Bit- terness. BiS is, shall be, v. beon. Bitl a mallet, v. bytel. Bit-mailum Piecemeal, by bits. Bitme A ship's hold, Le. Bitol, es; n. A bridle. Bitolden covered, v. beteldan. Bitre Bitterly, Be. Bitst prayest, v. biddan. Bitt A bite, food, L. Bitt asks, v. biddan. Bitte A bottle, bouget, S. Bitt-er, -or bitter, v. biter. Bituihu A foul tetter or scab running over the face, S. Bixen Belonging to box, S. Blac Black, -ian To blacken, to become black, v. blsec. Blac, se blac-a, adj. Pale, palid, shining, white, light. — em, es; n. A light place, candlestick, lantern, light. — esnung.e;/. A lightening, ardent desire, B. — hleor, es; ?i. Pale-faced, fair, S- An. — ian To grow wan, pale, to bleach. — purpur Rust, S. — ■ -ung, e ; /. Paleness, wan- ness. — Der. blican. Blac shone, p. of blican. Blaca black, v. blaec. Blaces of black, v. blsec. Blacesnung, v. blac. Blacba the leprosy, v. blseeba. Blad, G. blado, Cd. v. blasd. Bladu leaves, v. blaed, n. Blsec : g. m. n. blaces : /. blaecre ; se blaca, adj. Black. — Der. Ablacian. — Blaec, es; nl Ink.. — berie,-berige, an ; f. A blackberry, L. — em, es ; n. A n ink place or stand. — -gym, gymm, es; m. A black fossil, jet. — hrem, es; m. A raven. — tyro,wes; n. Black- BLA tar, tar, naphtha, a sort of bituminous fluid, S. Blaec-ern A lantern, v. Mac. Blaecan, blaecean, a-blaecan To bleach, to fade. Blaece Paleness, S. Blafeco Paleness, leprosy, S. Bleeef>a, bliEctSrust Leprosy. Bleed, es ; to. 1. A blowing, blast, breath, life. 2. A fa- vourable wind, success, pros- perity, benefit, gift, reward, honour, fame, glory, An. — -horn, es ; n. m. A blast horn, a trumpet. — nes, se ;f. Joyfulness, B. Blaed a cup, L. v. bledu. Bleed ; g. es ; pi. nm. ac. bladu ; n. A blade, leaf, branch, twig, G. Blaed, e ; f. 1. A branch, bough. 2. Fruit, excellence, hap- piness, prosperity, An. — -agende Glory having, glo- rious. — deeg A prosperous day. — gifa, an ; m. A glory giver, a king, God, v. bled. Blaaddre, blaedre, an ; /. A bladder, pustule, blister. Blaegen, e; /. A pustule, G. Blae-haewen Of a blue hue, violet or purple colour, S. L. v. bleo. Blaes A blast. — an To blow, L. v. blaest. Blase A blaze, v. blase. Blaesere a burner, v. blasere. Blaest A blast of wind, burn- ing, S. — an To puff, S. — -baelg, es ; m. Bellows. — -horn, es; n. A trumpet. Blast A bleating, S.— an To bleat. Blaetesnung, blaetesung, e; f. A flaming, sparkling, S. Blaewan To blow. Blsewen Light blue, B. BlsewiS bloics, v. blawan. Blan ceased, v. blinnan. Blanc White, G. Blanca, blonca, an; to. A grey horse, a horse, K. Bland, blond, es ; in. A mix- ture, confusion, M. — Der. Wind-, y<5-, v. blendan. — Blanden-feax, es ; n. Grey haired. Blase, blaese, blise, an ; fl What makes a blaze, a torch. Blase-e, blfsgere, blisiere, biy- siere, blaesere, es ; m. An in- cendiary, a burner. Blast-baelg, es; m. A blast- bag, bellows, v. blaest. Blat Livid, pale black, envious, spiteful, dire, deadly. — e Pallidly, darkly. — ende Darkening, envious, dire, G. BLE Blatesnung, v. blaetesnung. Blawan, blaewan, he blaewfc ; p. bleow, we bleowon ; pp. blawen To blow, breathe. — Der. Blawan, gend-, uta-: blase, blise, bael-, -re : blysan: bleed, -agende, -daeg, -gifa : blaewen. — Blaw-ennes, se j f. A blowing or puffing up, a windy swelling, S. — ere, es ; to. A blower. — ung, e ;/. A blowing. Bleac black, v. blase. Bleat; tlef. se bleata Miserable, deadly. — e Miserably, des- perately, deadly, K. Blea<5 Gentle, slow, sluggish, K.—e Slowly, Cd. Blec black, S. v. blase. Blec-ern, v. blac. Blecinga eg Bleckingen, a pro- vince in the south of Sweden. Blecte glittered, S. v. blican. Bled, e ; f. A blade, shoot, blossom, fruit, v. blaed. — Der. blowian. Bleda a goblet, S. v. bledu. Bledan To bleed, draw blood. Bled-horn, v. blaed, to. Bledsian to bless, v. bletsian. Bledsung, e;f. A blessing, B Bledu A bowl, viol, goblet, S. Blegen, blaegen, e; /. A Main, blister, bile, or ulcer, S. Blendan ; p. bland, we blundon ; pp. blonden To mix, blend, mingle. — Der. Gebland, ge- blond, es ; n. a mixture, ar-, aer-, ear-, earh-, sund-, y <5-: windblond : blind, -an, -lice, -nes, -netele, -slite, -jjearm. Blendian, he blent To blind, L. Bleo ; g. -wes ; n ? also, bleoh, bleo ; g. bleos ; d. bleo, n ? A colour, hue, blee, com- plexion,beauty. — BleoBlue, azure, S. — bord, es; n. A co- loured board. — craeft, es ; to. Blee-craft, the art of em- broidering, S. — faestnes, se ; f. That which gives pleasure from its colour, pleasure, de- light. — fag, -fah Changing colour, varying hue, party coloured. — read Blue red, purple, myrtle coloured, S- — staening Coloured stone- work or pavement, mosaic work, S. Bleoh a colour, v. bleo. Bleoton sacrificed, v. blotan. Bleow blew, p. of blawan. Bleowes of a colour, v. bleo. Blere A gem, a kind of marble. Blere ; adj. Bald, S. Bleripittel, bleripy Ue\A mouse- killer, a screech-owl, Mo. Blessian, bletsian ; p. ode ;pp. 46 BLO od To bless, consecrate, Der. Blot. Blet adored, v. blotan. Blets-ian, -ung, v. blessian. Bletsing-boc A blessing book. Bletsung, e ; /. A blessing, S. BlewaS blow, v. blawan. B16wian to flourish,?. bWwian, Blican, he blic<5 ; p. blac, we blicon ; pp. blicen To shine, glitter, dazzle, amaze. — Der. Blicet-an, -tan : blac pale, -em, -hleor : blaec ; blaecan, a-. — Bliccettan To shine, S.— Blice, an;/. The white, a whiteness, shining. — Blicet-an To glitter , shine, G. — :te Quivered, glittered, L. — tung A coruscation, shining, L. Blidsian ; p. ode ; pp. od To rejoice, be glad, G. B\\a,b\\nxi,e;f.A blin, ceasing, rest, intermission. L. Blind ; adj. Blind. — an To blind. — lice Blindly, rashly. — nes, se ; /. Blindness. — -netele, -netle, an ; /. The dead nettle. — slite, es ; m. A blind or inward wound. — -jjearm, es; to. Blind intes- tine; ccecum.— Der. blendan. Blinda mann A parasite, S. Blinnan, p. blan, we bluunon ; pp. blunnen To blin, rest, cease, leave off, S. Blinnes rest, v. blin. Blio colour, beauty, v. bleo. Bliotan sacrificed, v. blotan. BWovten&e flourishing, for blo- wende, v. bl6wian. Blis, blys, se ; /. Bliss, joy, gladness, exultation, plea- sure. — sian, p. ode; pp. od v.n. 1. To rejoice, exult, to be glad, merry. 2. v. a. To maketorejoice,toexh'darate. — sung, -ung, e; f. A tri- umphing, exultation. Blis-e A blaze, Le. — gere,-iere Anincendiary, v. blase, bla- sere. Blifce ; adj. 1 . Joyful, merry, cheerful, pleasant, blithe. 2. Single, limple, kind. 3. Luxurious, effeminate, las- civious. — Der. O'fer-, un-. — BliSe-heort, bliS-heort Merry hearted. — heortnes Merry heartedness. — lie Glad, joyful.— lice Gladly, joyfully, willingly. — mod Cheerful-minded, kind,well- disposed. — nes, se ;/. Joyful- ness, a leaping for joy , exul- tation. — sian ; p. ode To be glad, blithe, merry. Blod, es ; n. Blood. — dolg, BLO -dolh, es ; to. A blood wound, a wound or scar after bleed- ing, S. — dry ncas Blood shed- dings,bloodshed,M. — egesa, an ; to. A bloody storm. — es flownes A bloody issue, S. — -fah, -fag Blood stained, K. — forlsetan To let blood. — -geotan To shed blood. — -geote A shedding of blood. — geotende Shedding blood, bloodthirsty. — gewudBlood- stained, S. — gian ; p. ode ; pp. od To bleed, to run with blood, G. — gita, -geota, -gyta, an ; to. A sheddcr of blood. — gyte, es ; m. A blood shedding, bloodshed. — hrae- can To reach or spit blood S. — hrsece A spitting of blood, S. — hroecung, e ;/. A spitting of blood. — hreow Blood cruel, bloody, K. — ig Bloody. — igiitsiht.4 dysen- tery. — lifesu, -laeswu, e; f. A blood letting. — laetan To let blood- — l&tere, es ; to. A blood letter. — leas Bloodless. — m6na<5 November. — read Blood-red. — ryne,e9; m. A running of blood. — seax,-sex A blood-knife, a lancet. — -seten A stopping of blood, S. — siht, -utsyS A flowing of blood. — spi wung A throw- ing up of blood. — wanian To diminish blood. — wite, es ; n. A fine for drawing blood by a bloto or wound. — wyrt, e;f. Bloodwort, knot-grass. — yrnend, es;?n. A running of blood. — Der. blowian. Bloedsan To bless, C. Bloest-baalg, v. blast-bselg. Bloma, an ; in. Metal, a mass, lump, S. L. Blon ceased, L. v. blinnan. Blonca a horse, v. blanca. Blond mixture, v. bland. Blonden mingled, v. blendan. Blonden-feax, es ; n. Mixed hair, grey haired. That mixture of colour which the hair assumes on approach- ing or increasing senility. Blosan? A flower, L. v. Blosma, blostma, an ; m. A blossom, bloom, flower. B16sm-b£er,-baerende,-berende Blossom bearing. — ian ; p. ode ; pp. od To blossom, blow, flower, v. blowian. B16st-b;fer Flower bearing. B16stm-a A flower. — biferende Blossom bearing. — geld, es; n. Days of amusement de- voted to Flora, S. — ian To blossom, v. blosma. BOC Blot, geblot, es ; n ? A sacri- fice, an offering to idols Der. Bless-ian, blets-ian, -ung. — B16t-an, geblot-an, ic blute, he blet ; p. bleot, we bleoton ; pp. bloten To sacrifice, to kill for a sacri fice, to adore, worship. — Blot-hrsecung, e; /. A spit ting of blood, L. — mona<5 es; rn. [biota sacrifice, m6- na<5 month] November, the month of sacrifice. At this season the heathen Saxons made a provision for winter, and offered sacrifice of the animals they killed. — spiung, -spiwung, e ; /. A throwing up of blood. — ung, e ; /. A sacrifice. B16S, es ; n. Blood, G. v. blod. Blowian, geblowian, p. ode ; pp. od To bloio, bloom, blos- som, flourish. — Der. Blosm- a, blostm-a, -bifer. -geld, -ian: blod, dead-, dracan-, mona£-, -fah, -gian, -ig, -leas : orblede : bled : geblo- digian. BlowiaS blow, L. v. blawan. Blundon, p. of blendan. Blydnes, B. v. bleed, m. Blysjoy, v. blis. Blysan To blaze, Der. blaiwan. Blyscan To redden, blush, Le. Blyse a torch, v. blase. B6c ; g. boce ; d. bee: pi. nm. ac. bee ; g. boca ; d. bocum ; /. A book, a volume, a writ- ing, index. — Der. Dom-, fereld-, for-, si$- : biic a beech, bece, -n. — Boc-secer, es; m. Book-land, freehold. — as Indexes, calendars, S. — a streon A treasury of books, a library. — cest A tavern ? B. L. — cist, e;f. A book-chest, book-case, Apl. — craeft, es ; to. Book learn- ing, literature. — ere, es ; m. A writer, doctor, interpre- ter. An. — fell, es; n. Book- skin, parchment. — gestreon, es ; n. A book -treasury, a library. — gihamand^ book- coverer, a book-binder, M. — -h6rd, es ; to. A book-hoard, a library. — hiis, es ; n. A book-house, library, L. — ian ; p. ode; pp. od To book, in- scribe. — land, es; n. Book- land, land held by a charter or ioriting,freefrom all fief , fee, service, or fines: or, as we now say, Freehold land. It was land severed by an act of the Government from 47 BOD ths Folcland, and converted by a charter or book into an estate of perpetual inherit- ance. It might be held by freemen of all ranks. — Al- len's Royal Prerog.p. 143 : Th. gl : K. Cod. p. civ.— -lar, e ; f. Book learning, learning. — leaf, es ; n. The leaf of a book, a charter, S. — leden, es ; n. Book lan- guage, and as books were generally icritten in Latin, hence the Latin language, Latin. — lie Book-like, bibli- cal, bookish, literary. — od Booked. — rajdere, es ; in. A reader of books, a reader. — -raiding, es; m. Reading, L. — read Book red, vermilion. — riht, es ; n. The right of making a will. — seamul, es ; m. A reading desk, S. — staef, es ; to. A letter, alphabetic character. — tscing, es ; in. -tale, an ;f. Book teaching, a book of decrees, writings, the scriptures, holy writ, the Bible, S. — ung,e;/. A book- ing, inscription, S. B6c A beech-tree, L. — holt, es ; n. A beech grove. — treow, es ; n. A beech-tree, v. bece. Boc, bocon baked, v. bacan. Bocce A beech, v. bece. Bocn a beacon, v. beacen. Bocsum Obedient, flexible, tractable, buxom, S. — nes, se ;/. Obedience, pliantness, buxomness, S. Bod,gebod,es; n.A command. — a, an ; to. 1 . A messenger. 2. A preacher. — ere, es ; m. A teacher, a master. — ian, -igean ; p. ode; pp. od 1. To command, order. 2. To deliver a precept or com- mand, to publish, tell, an- nounce, proclaim, preach. 3. To come with a command, to propose, offer, engage in. — 'lac, es; to. A decree, ordi- nance. — scipe, es ; to. A message, an embassy, a com- mandment. — ung, e ; f. A preaching, publishing, di- vulging.^Der. bed. Boden, pp. of be6dan. Bodig, es; to. 1. Bigness or height of body, stature. 2. The trunk, chest or parts of the chest, as the backbone. 3. The body, the whole man, S. — Rarely found in this sense, as the whole body is generally denoted by lie or lic-hama, and the chest or trunk by bodig. BON Boec a booh, v. boc. Boen9ian to intreat, v. bensian. Boetende Bettering, mending. Boetes,boctiesBootes,Charles's wain, L. Bog arm, shoot, v. boh. Boga, an ; m. 1. A bow, arch, an arched room, a corner, bending, band. 2. Any thing that bends, A horn, tail. — -an ; p. de To bow, Le. — -etung, e; f. A bending. — -fodder A bow-case, M. — iht Bowed, crooked, G. — incle, es ; n. A little branch. — net A boio net. — streng A bow- string. — Der. bigan. Bogan To boast ; jactare ? L. Bogean, bogen Rosemary, S. Boeen bowed, v. bugan. Bogodon dwelt, v. bugian. Boh ; g. boges ; d. boge ; to. An arm, a back, shoulder, branch,bough. — scyld,es; m. A shoulder shield. — timbrn Materials of buildings, L. v. bolt. Bohte bought, v. bycgan. Bol A sleeping room, B. Bolca, an ; m. A balk, beam, stern of a ship, ridge, a ridge of earth, M. Bold Bold, v. bald. Bold, es ; n. A house, hall, palace, B.— agend, es; m. A house moner, K. — getael A dwelling record or register, a manor roll ? Th. gl. — -wela, an ; m. House xoeal, domestic happiness, v. buan. Bolgen Enraged. — mod Angry minded, v. belgan. Boll a, an ; m. Any round ves- sel, cup, pot, bowl, measure. — Der. Heafod-. Bolster, g. holstres ; n. A bol- ster, a pillow for the head. Bolt, es ; m. 1. A house, dwel- ling. 2. A bolt, an arrow. 3. A loarlilie engine to shoot bolts, arrows, etc. S. — tim- bru Materials of buildings, L. Bon-a A slayer, K. — Bon-gar Fatal spear, v. bana. Bone selma A bedstead, S. Bond Bound, tied, S. Bonda, an; m. 1. One bound, a husband, householder. 2. A proprietor, husband-man, boor. Bonde-land, es ; n. Land held under restrictions, copy- hold, L. Bondwyrt, bonwyrt A sort of plant, S. Bonnan To proclaim, Ex, BOB. Booc-hord A library, v.bde.Le. Bor 1. A borer, a gimlet, Le. 2. A lancet, graving iron ; scalprum, S- — ian To bore, to make a hole, S. Bora, an ; to. A ruler, bearer. -bora, an ; m. Often used as a termination to denoted bear- er, supporter ; Is qui f'ert, lator: as, Caeg-bora A key bearer. Borcian ; p. ode To bark, Ex. B6rd,es ; n. 1. A board, plank. 2. What is made of boards, A table, house, shield. 3. A border, M. — Der. Baec-, bleo-, hilde-, linden-, wig- : — Borde, an;/? A board, a work or embroideringboard, Ex. — Bord-gelac, es ; n. Shield play. — haebbende Shield- having, or bearing shields. — haga, an ; to. A board hedge, a shield. — -hreoSa, an ; to. A board covered with a raw hide, a buckler, warlike engine. — -baec, es ; n. Board thatch, a warlike engine, a cover or roof of a house, a snare. — -weall, es; in. A board wall, ashield wuduSkield-ivood. Borda A list, line, B. Boren born, pp. qfberan. Borennes, se ; f. Birth, S. Borg, es; m. A loan, pledge. — -a, an ; m. A surety, G. — as Sureties. — brice A pledge breaking. — gylda An usurer, S. — ian To borrow, lend, S. — iend, es; m. An usurer, S. — lefde.<4 promise of appear- ance before a judge, a pawn or pledge, S. — wed A pro- mise, L. v. borh. Borgen saved, v. beorgan. Borh ; g. borges ; d. borge ; ac. borh ; pi. nm. ac. borgas ; jr. a; (l.um; to. 1. A secu- rity, pledge, loan, bail. 2. A person who gives security, a surety, bondsman, debtor — Bail was taken by the Saxons from every person guilty of theft, homicide, witchcraft, etc. ; indeed, every person was under bail for his neighbour. It is generally thought that the borh originated with King Alfred, but the first time we find it clearly expressed, is in the Laws of Edgar, Turner's Hist, of A.S. Bk. vi. Append. 3, Ch. 6, vol. ii. p. 499. — On borh niman To be security {for any one]. — Borh-bryce, es ; m. The fail- 48 BOT ure or breach of security, or surety, either by the giver of it, or by him for ivhom it is given, Th. gl. — faestan To fasten, or bind by pledge, or surety. — hand,e ;/. A pledge by the hand, a surety. — -igend, es ; m. An usurer. — -leas Void of security.— oe, ond A surety, L- — wed,wecld, es ; n. A pledge, S. — Der. beorgan. Borian to bore, v. bor. Borlice Openly, v. baer. Born born, v. boren. Born? burned, v. byrnan. Borsnung, e ; f. A corruption, spoiling, B. Borsten bursted,v. berstan. Boruct-ware, a ; pi. to. A peo- ple of Germany. Boryn Bearing ; foetans, L. Bos, bosig, es ; to. A stall, manger, crib, a boose, as it is now called by thecommon people in the midland and Northern counties. Boose is more generally used for the upper part of the stall where thefodderlies — They say " you will find it in the cow's boose," that is, in the place for the cow's fodder. Bosan-ham, Bosen-ham, es ; m. Boseham or Bosham in Sussex. Bosig, bosih a crib, v. bos. Bosm, es ; m. 1. The space included by the folding of the arms, the bosom, lap. 2. A fold in clothes, an as- semblage of folds. In this sense the word is chiefly used in composition. Bosmig Bosoming, folding, Le. Bot, botu, e;f: also bote; an ; f. A boot, remedy, a- mends, atonement, offering assistance, compensat ion,in- demnity, redress, correction, cure. — To bote To boot,ioith advantage, moreover, be- sides. — Der. Dad-, feoh-, maeg-, man-: betan, ge-: betnes: beta, da;d-. — Bot- leas Bootless, unpardonable, what cannot be remedied, recompensed or expiated. — -wyr&e Pardonable, that may be atoned for. Botel, botl, g. botles, w. An abode, a dwelling, mansion, house, hall. — Botl-gestreon, es ; n. Household property. — weard, es; w. A house- steward. Boi5en Rosemary, darnel, S. Botl a house, v. botel. bum Botm, e9; in. A bottom, B. Botu amends, v. hot. Boung, e ; /. A boasting, S. Box, box-treow, The box- tree, S. v. bux. Box, e ; f? A box, a small case or vessel with a cover. —Der. Sealf-. Bracan To break, bruise, S. Brac-hwile A glance while, in a moment or twinkling, S. Bracigean, S. v. bras-ian. Brad Broad, large, vast. — Der. Un-: brad, hand-, -an, -e, -ins;, -isen, -nes, -o, -panne : bradels, ofer-: brade, weg-: braiS. — Brad-aex A broad axe. — an ford, es ; m. Brad- ford. — an relic The Flat Holms, an island in the mouth of the Severn. — hlaf, es ; m. A biscuit, bahedbread, S. — iande niSer Tending downwards. — nes, e ; f. Broadness, extension, sur- face. — bistel,es; m.A thistle with long leaves, sea-holm, ■ sea-holly, S. Brae broke, p. of brecan. Brac-cobu, e; f. The breaking diseasef ailing sickness, S. — -seoc, -se6c-raan A frantic mnn, lunatic, one troubled tvith the falling sickness, S. — seocnes, se;f. Epilepsy, S. Brae breeches, S. v. broc. Braccae, breeches, S. v. broc. Bracbme A noise, rustling, S. Brad, bragd, v. bredan. Brad broad, v. brad. Bnedun, gebradan ; p. brad- de, we brudori ; pp. gebrad. 1. To make broad, extend, spread, draw out, stretch out, melt, pave, board. 2. To spread a report, to publish, . pretend. 3. To spread be- fore the fire, to roast. — Brad-e Roasted meat, a ta- ble, S. — ednes, se ; f. Width. — els A carpet, S. — denu, e ; /. Breedon forest, Wilts. — -ing A spreading. — ing- panne A frying-pan. — isen, es; n. A scraping or graving tool, file. — nes Broadness. — -o ; indcl. f: -u, e ; /. 1 . Breadth, width. 2. That which is spread, A table, a rumour, falsehood. 3 In pi. The loins, B — panne, an ;/. A frying-pan. Brarlenu, e ; /. [brad broad ; denu a valley] Bredon Fo- , rest, Wilts. Brattan;p.de;pp.d To spread, pretend, v. bradan. Bragd Deceit, fiction, L. BRE Bragd -boga A drawn bore. Bragd-wis Crafty. Bragen, es ; n. The brain. — -seoc Brain sick, insane. . Brahtm aglimpse, v.breahtm. Bramas Margins'! S. says, Sea water, w brymme.brym. Braembel-brar A bramble, S. Brar A brier, S. Bras Brass, S. Brasen, bresen ; def. se bras- iia ; seo, baet brasne. 1. Brazen, made of brass. 2. Strong, powerful. — Her. bredan. Braesian To mix, cover, or counterfeit with brass. Braesna strong, v. breesen. Brsestlung, v. brastl-ung. Bratan To change, alter, S. BraS, es; m. An odour, scent, smell good or bad, a savour, breath. — Der. brad. Brat-mslum By little and little, by piecemeal, S. Brsew, es; m.A brow, an eye- brow, an eyelid. Bragen the brain, v. braegen. Brand, broud, es ; to. I. A brand, torch. 2. Metapho- rically from its shining, A sioord. — hat Brand or torch hot. — isen, es; n. A brand- ing iron or rod, a tripod, S. — reda, an ; m. A branding- iron, gridiron, Le. — Der. byrnan. Bran-wyrt A blackberry, L. Brassica Colewort, cabbage, S. BrastI A noise, cracking, break- ing, S. — ian To brustle, crackle, make a noise, burn, burst asunder, S. — ung, e ; f. A crackling, crashing, brustling, creaking, burning, breaking, S. Bratt A clonk, S. Braue A letter, brief, L. Breac discharged, v. briican. Breacan to break, v. brecan. Bread, es; n. A bit, fragment, bread. — Der. breowan. Breah ; g. breage ; f. A brow. Brenhtm, breahtem, es ; m.A shining, a twinkling corus- cation, noise, sound. — Der. beorht. — Breahtm-e In a moment, suddenly, quickly. — um In moments, quickly, swiftly, v. bearhtm. Breah tn ung, e ;/. A noise, S. Breard A brim, height, top, C. Breaw brewed, v. breowan. Bveav/asthe eyebrows,v. braw. Breaw-ern A brewing place. Brec gain, profit, v. bryce. Brec breeches, v. broc. Brecan, bu bricst ; p. brae, 49 BRE gebrac, we braecon ; pp. brocen, gebrocen. 1. To break, vanquish, overcome, weaken, open, move, excite, produce. 2. To sail.— Der. A-, be-, for-, to-, burh- : brice, brece, burh-, mund-: gebrec : brec-ing, -mailum : broc : nnabrecendlic. Brece A breaking. — Brec-ing A breaking — maSlum Piece- meal, Le. — 5 ,e;f?A breach, breaking, K. v. brice. Bred, es; n: pi. bredu A sur- face, plank, board, table, a small table, Der. bredan. Bred broad, v. breden. Bred deceit, v. brado. Bredan, bregdan ; he brit ; p. brad, bragd, pi. bradon, brugdon ; pp. breden, breg- den, broden, brogden To weave, bend, fold, braid, knit, to gripe, lay hold of, draw, drive, or take out or away. — Der. Bredan, set-, for-, ge-, on-, o$-, to-, upa-: bregdan, a-, upa- : breod- wian : broddetan : brosnian : braesen : bred, weax-. Bredan. 1 . To nourish, cherish, keep warm. 2. To roast. Bred-bur, v. bryd-bur. Breden, bred, broad, v. brad. Bredende Deceitful, cunning. Bred-guma A bridegroom. Bredi-, bred-ing,-isern ,-panne, v. bradan. Breg a brow, v. breg eagan. Bregd, gebregdFenr, dread,L. Bregda Fear, S. Bregdan Tobend,knit , vibrate, draw forth, v. bredan. Bregden drawn out, v. bredan. Breg eagan Brow of the eye, the eyebrow, v. braew. Bregean, gebregan ; p. de; pp. ed To give fear, to frighten. Bregen the brain, v. braegen. Bregen-ford, Brent-ford, es ; m. Brentford, Middlesex. Bregh a brow, v. breg. Bregnes, se; /. 1. Fear, ter- ror, dread. 2. A scare-crow, bugbear. Brego, bregu ; to. A word chiefly used by poets, and found only in nm. ac. s. A governor, ruler, lord, prince, king. — Brego engla Ruler of angels, God. — mon-cynnes Ruler of mankind, God. — -rof Princely, eminent, K. — -stol, es; to. A royal seat, a throne, K. — weard,e9; m. A' ruler guard, a lord. Brehtm a moment, v. breahtm. Brehtnian To make a noise, S. E BRE Brehtnung, breahtnung, e; /. A noise, cracking. Brem-an, gebrem-an ; p. de ; pp. ed To celebrate, solem- nize, make famous, have in honour. — Brem-e, brym-e ; def. se brem-a ; seo, j^aet brem-e ; adj. Renowned, fa- mous, brim, notable, glo- rious. — en Solemn, glorious, S. — endlic Having in ho- nour, celebrated, famous. — -ra More illustrious. Brembel A bramble. — a?ppel A thorn apple. — brser A brier, v. bremel. Brember, v. bremel. Bremel, brember, brsembel, brembel, es; m. 1. A brier, blackberry bush, bramble, mulberry tree. 2. A tor- menting. — seppel A thorn apple. — brsfer A bramble brier, a brier. — by rn A bram- ble bush. Bremes burh ; g. burge ; d. byrig, f. Bramsbury, or Bramsby, Lincolnshire. Bremman To rage, roar, L. Brengan to bring, v. bringan. Brengnes, se ; f. An offering. Brenning A burning, S. Breod bread, v. bread. Breodwian To drive or take away, v. bredan. Breord a brim, v. brerd. Breost, e ;f. The breast, mind. — ban, es ; n. The breast- bone. — bedern, es ; n. The breast-chamber, the inmost thoughts, the mind. — becrh, -geborh, -beorg, es; m. A breast defence, breastplate. — cearu, e;f. Breast-care. — cofa, an ; m. The breast chamber, themind gehygd, es; m. A breast thought. — -gebanc A breast thought, the mind. — gewzede, es; n. Breast clothing, coat of mail. — hord, es; m. A mind hoard, the mind. — hyge,es; m. Breast thought, the mind. — lin A breast cloth, the stomacher. — loca, an ; m. The breast enclosure. — net, nett, es ; n. A breast net. — -roc, rocc, es ; m. A breast clothing. — waerc, es ; n. A breast pain, the asthma, short windedness. — weall, es ; m. A rampart or para- pet made breast high. — -weorSung, e ;/. Breast or- nament. — wylm, es ; m. Breast flood, pain. Breotan ; p. breat, we bruton ; pp. broten To bruise, break. BRI — Der. Bryt-an, -lie, -se : bryt-ta, -tian, -nian. Breoten, Breoten-ealond Bri- tain, v. Bryten. Breofcan To perish, v. abreo- <5an, breotan. Breoton, perhaps beort6n, or beortun a hall, M. Breoton Britain, v. Bryten. Breotone lond Britain's land. Breowan ; p. breaw. we bru- won ; pp. browen To brew. — Der. Breuw-ern: bread, beo-: bro<5 : breSan. Brer a brier, v. braer. Brerd, breard, briord, breord, es ; m. A brim, margin, rim, top of a pot or vessel, a shore, bank, brink. Bres brass, S. v. brses. Bresen brazen, v. brsesen. Breten Britain, v. Bryten. Bretene British, S. BreS breath, v. braeS. Bre<5an To warm, brood. BreSer to a brother, v. brotSor. Bret-land Britain, v. Bryten. Brettas Britons, v. Bryttas. Brettnere, es; to. A steward, L. Bret-walda; an; m. A British ruler, the chief of the Saxon Kings in Britain. Brew an eyebrow, v. breew. Brie a bridge, S. v. bryeg. Brica, an ; m. A breaker, S. Briee, gebrice, bryce, es; m. .. A rupture, breaking, frag- ment, fracture, violation. Brice use, service, v. br^ee. Bricg/1 bridge. — b6t,-geweorc, v. bryeg. Bricg, Bryeg, Brisr, e ; /. Bridgenorth, Bruges. Bricg-stow, Bric-stow, e ; f. Bristol. Bricsade profited, v. brycian. Bricst shalt break, v. brecan. Brfcst shalt eat, v. brucan. Brid, bridd, es ; m. The young of any bird or animal, a brood.— Der. beran. Brid a bride, v. bryd. Briddas broods, v. brid. Bridel, bridels, bridel ; g. brydles ; m. A bridle. — es midl.4 bridle's middle, a bit. — ian, p. ode ; pp. od To bri- dle, curb, rule, S. — bwang, es ; m. A bridle thong, a rein. Bridestung The pimpernel, S. Brig a bridge, v. bryeg. Brigd A change, Ex. Briht bright. — hwile, -lice, v. beorht. Brihtmegn, es ; m. A chamberlain, stew- ard — Der. buan. Burcg a city, v. burg, burb. Burg-, Der. v. Bnrh-, Der. Burg, e ; f A hill, citadel, G. — runan The fairies of the mountains, S. — stal, -st61 Burstal, v. Alph. v. beorg, beorh. Burg, maeg-burg, e;/. A rela- tive, family, K. Burgan to protect, v. beorgan. Burge of a city, v. burb. Burge saved, An. v. beorgan. Burgenda, an; m. A Burgun- dian. — land, es ; n. The land of Burgundians, an island in the west of the Baltic sea, Borringholm or Bornholm. Burgendas, pi. m. The Bur- gundians, v. Burgenda. Burgh a city, An. v. burh. Burgon saved, pi. p. of beorgan. Burg-stal, buig-stol [beorg, beorh a hill; stal a seat, dwelling] Borstal, Burstal, etc. the name of places built on a hill. Burgum to cities, v. burh. Burh a surety, v. borh. Burh ; g. burge ; d. byrig : pi. wto. ac. byrig ; g. burga ; d. burgum ;f. \. A town, city: what are now called cities were anciently called burhs. 2. A fort, castle. 3. Court, palace, house. — Burh - bis- ceop, es; to. The city bishop, S. — bot, e ; f. An impost for keeping burgs or for- tresses in repair. — brice, es ; to. 1 . A breaking into a castle or dwelling. 2. The fine for this burglary. — -ealdor, es ; m. An elder of a city, a mayor, governor. — fasten, es; n. A city-fast- ness, afort, fortress, citadel, defence. — geat, es; n. A city gate. — geat-setl The town gate seat, or the court used for trying the causes of fa- milies and tenants. Th. gl. — gebet-ung,e;/. A fort re- pairing. — gem6t, es ; n. A burgmote, a meeting of townsmen, corporation. — -gerel'a, an ; m. A city reeve, governor, bailiff. — gcjjingfc, -geJjincS, e ;/. The citycoun- EUR cil or assembly. — leod, es ; m. Town people, a citizen. — -loca, an ; m. A city's inclo- sure, a city defence, as a wall, mound, or moat man, inann, es; m.A town's man, citizen, — nedcn, -r&denn, e ; f. Citizenship.— Tiht, es; n. The civil law, S. — runan The fates, furies, fairies, L. — sffita, -aw; in. A dweller in a city, a citizen, S. — sal A city hall or dwelling. — -seipe, es; m. 1. A borough- ship, freedom of a city, also boundary of a city. 2. A free borough,an incorporate city or town. — seyr, e; f. A bo- , roughliberty, city boundary. — sele, es ; in. A castle halt, An, — seta, an ; m. A citizen. — sita? One free of a city, a citizen, L. — sittend, es; m. A citizen. — spraec, e ; f. Civil or courtly speech, po- ■ lite behaviour, urbanity. — -stafcel, es;///. A dwelling in a borough, a mansion, how e, S. — steal, stede, es ; m. A city place. — ware, -waras ; g. -a ; d. -um ; pi. m. Citizens, inhabitants ; eives, incolae. — warn, e ; /. The city, the inhabitants of a city as a body, the body or authority of a city ; civitas. — wealda, an; m.A citizen. — weal 1 , es ; m. A city wall, a wall.— -weard, es ; m. Borough- ward or guard. — wela City wealth. — v/itCourtlike,civil, S. — Der. byrian. — burh; g. barge; d. byrig ; f. Used as a termination to denote Cities; as, Lunden- burh, Cantwar-burh. As a termination it is sometimes written, -burg ; as, Lunden- burg, but this form more frequently occurs as a prefix, denoting Something relating to a city ; as, Burg-sel A city hall or dwelling ; the better form is Burh-sel. The former noun is often in the g. pi. as Cantwara burh. Burh a hill. — hleo<5, v. beorh. Burhg a city, v. burh. Burian to bury, v. byrian. Burig a city, v. burh. Burigan To bury, v. byrian. Burigen A sepulchre, An. Burne, an;/. A bourn, stream, brook, river, fountain, well. — As a prefix or termina- tion to the names of places, burn denotes that they were situate near a stream : B YC hence, in the modern names of places we find bourn brown, braun, bran : thus, Winterbourn, Swinburn, Radbourn, Ashbourn, Burn- ham, Brownsover. Burnen burned, v. byrnan. Burn-sel, e ; /. [beorn-sel?] A princely hall, Ex. Burst A bristle, An, Burston broke, v. berstan. Burug, buruh a city, v. burh. But A butt, v. byt. Biita, bute except, S. v. biitan. Biita, bute both, v. batwa. Butan, buton, biitun ; prep, d. [be, titan] Without, except. Butan, buton, biitun ; conj. Unless, except, save, but, Bute but, v. butan. Bute both, v. batwa. Buteie, butyre, an ; f: also, butera, an ; m. Mutter. — Buter-flege A butterfly, S. — gebweor, es ; n. Butter ointment, butter, An. — ice, -uce, es; m. A leather bag or bottle- — stoppa, an ; m. A butter stoop or vessel. Butes-carlas, v. butse-carl. Butl A dwelling, v. botl. Btiton but, without, v. butan. Butrucea bottle, v. buter-ice. Butse-carl [batsae carl, i. e. bat sai carl] A seaman, sailor, L. Butt a butt for ivine, v. byt. Butting-tun, es ; m. Butting- ton, Monmouthshire. Buttor-fleoge A butterfly, L. Hutu, butwu both, v. batwa. Biitun but, without, v. butan. Buturuce, v. buter-ice. Butyre, an;/. Butter, An. Buuc A cheek, S. Buwian To inhabit, v. buan. Bux A box tree. — en Made of box, Le. By by, v. be. B^, bye A dwelling, habita- tion. Hence by, bye in the termination of the names of places, M. Byan To inhabit, C. v. buan. Bycgan, bycgean, gebicgan ; ic bycge ; p. b6hte, gebohte ; imp. byge, bige ; pp. geboht To buy, procure, exchange. Bycge A bitch, v. bicce. Bycgene ? A buying, S. Bycn-an, bycn-ian To beckon. — endlic Allegorical, mys- tical. — iend, es ; m. The pointing or fore finger. — -iendlic gemet, es ; n. The indicative mood. — ung, e ;/. A figure, trope, — Der. beaceu. 53 BY R Byd commanded, v. beodan. Bydel, bidel, es; m. A beadle, crier, officer, messenger, herald, preacher, S. By den. 1. A bushel. 2. Barrel, tun, butt, S. Bydle A worshipper, R. Bye an habitation, v. by\ Byffan To mutter, v. bifian. Byfur a beaver, v. beofer. Byga, an ; m. A corner, G. Bygan to buy, C. v. bycgan. Bygan to bow, v. bigan. Bygdon bowed, v. bigan. Byge a corner, bay, v. bige. Bygen Trade, purchase, Le. Bygendlic ; adj. Bending. Byggan To build, S. Bygspcfec A supplanting, S. Byht, biht, es ; m.l.A dwell- ing. 2. A swell, Le. Bying An habitation, R.v. by. By], es ; m. A bile, blotch, sore. — iht Choleric, S. Byld Bold, firm, An. Byldan. 1. To build, furnish, K. 2. To confirm, make bold, incite, Le. Byldo,inrfeZ: aJsobyld,gebyld, e ;/ Constancy, boldness. B>led-bre6st Pv'ff-breasted. Byle-hwit Simple. — hwitnes Simplicity.— y/it Merciful, v. bile-hwit. Bylg a bulge, bag, v. baelg. Bylgean To bellow, L. Bylges leg, -lagu. e ; /. Bisley ; in Gloucestershire, S. BylgS is angry, v. belgan. Bylig bellows, v. beelg. Byllinc A cake, S. Byl-wet Simple, S.— wetlice Simply, v. bile. B^me, bime, an ; / A trumpet. — Bymere, by me- sangere; m.A trumpeter. — By^m-ian; p. ode ; pp. od To sound or play on a trumpet. Byn tilled, v. buan. Byndel A bundle, band, S. Byn-land [byen from byan] Inhabited country, L. M. ByoS are, shall be, v. be6n. By ran to bear, raise, v. byriaa. Byrce a birch, v. birce. ByrcS barks, v. brorcian. Byrd ? Heavy, K. Byrd A birth, v. gebyrd. Byr-daeg, -tid A birth-day, S. Byrden a burden, v. bjr<5en. Byrdest ; def se byrdesta The first-born, most noble, rich. Byrdian Sustinere, B. Byrdinge/1 wearer's tool, Mo. Byrdnes, se;/ Quality, birth. Byre a bear, v. bera. Byre A hillock, Le. BYR Byre, es; m. A son, descend- ant, offspring, An. -byre, nm. ac. .- g. a : d. um ; pi. m. Descendants, sons. As a termination it is only used in the plural. Byre, es ; m. A favourable time. — Der. byrian. Byrel, byrle, birle, es ; m. A butler, cup-bearer, steward. Byrel-e, an ; f. A female but- ler, cup-bearer. — ian ; p. ode; pp. od To give to drink, to serve as a butler. Byren Belonging to a-bear. ByretS Belongs ; pertinet, C. Byrg a city, Mx. v. burh. Byrga of securities, for borga g. pi. of borh. Byrga a creditor, v. byriga. Byrg-an, -ean, -ian To bury. — ednes, se ; f. A burial. — -els, es ; m. A sepulchre. — -en, e; f. A burying, burial, tomb. — en-leot$ An elegy. — -en-song A grave song, an elegy. — en-stow A burial place, cemetery. — ere, es ; m. A burier, sexton. — ian To bury — ing A burying. — leotS An elegy. — nes, se; f. A burial, v. byrian. By>g-an ; p. de To taste. — -ing A tasting. — nes, se ; f. A taste. — ung, e ; f. A tast- ing, t. byrian. Byrgea, an ; m. A reconciler, trustee, a surely, v. byriga. ByrgtS protects, v. beorgan. Byrh cities, 6. pi. of burh. Byrbtbright. — hwile, -ne6, -o, -u, v. beorht. Der. Byrhtm glance, v. bearhtm. Byri a berry, city, v. S. berie, burh. Byrian, byrgian,birian,burian; p. ode ; pp. od To raise, raise a mound, bury, Le. — Der.Ge-: byrigean.burigan : bebyrgian : byre, eorS- : byrg-leoS : byrgels, bergels, -leotS : byrgen, -leoS, -song, -stow : burh, burg, freo-, freofco-, heord-, hleo-, in-, -bisceop, -b6t, -brice, -fas- ten, -geat, -geat-setl, -gebet- ung, -gemot, -gerefa, -ge- }>ingt5, -le6d, -loca, -man, -rseden, -riht, -runan, -sasta, -sal, -scipe, -scyr, -sittend, -spra3C,-stat5el,-steal,-stede, -ware, -waru, -wealda, -weall, -weard, -wela, -wit. Byr-ian, -igan; p. ode; pp. od To taste, to be to one's taste, to become, behove"! — Der. Byrigan; gebyrian,on-; by>e ; byrignes ; byrgung : BYS beor, -hyrde, -scealc, -scipe, -sele, -swinig, -begu, -tun. Byrig, e ; /. A city, K. Byrig Bury, Suffolk, An. Byrig to a city, cities, v. burh. Byrig A berry, an enclosure where mulberry and other fruit-trees are set, L. Byriga, byrigea, berigea, byr- gea, an ; m. A surety. Byrigan to taste, v. byrian. Byrig-ean To bury. — ednes, se; f A burial. — els A se- pulchre. — en-stow A bury- ing-place. — leofc-dra epitaph. — nes, se; f. A burial, v. byrg-an. Byrignes, bi'rigues, se; f. A taste, tasting, v. byrg-an. Byrl-e, -ian, v. byrel-e. Byrna A torrent, S. Byrnan, birnan ; bii bymst, he byrntS, we byrnatS, byrne ; p.bam, webumon; pp. bur- nen,geburnen; v.n. Toburn, to be on fire. — Der. Bryne, brine, man-,sun-,-adl,-gield, -leoma, -wylm : brand, -hat, -isen, -reda : basrnan, for-, on- ; baern-es, -ete, -ing : bernan, ge- : byrnan, for-, ge- ; byrnende, un-. Byrne a burning, L. v. bryne. Byrne, an ; /. A corslet, cui- rass, a coat of mail, K. — Der. Gut5-, heabo-, here-, hringed-, fren-, isem-. — Byrn-hom, es; m. -hama, an ; m.Acoat of mail. — wiga, an; m. -wigend, es; m. A soldier clothed in armour. Byrnende Burning. Byrs A graving-iron, a file, S. Byrst, e ;/. A bristle, B. Byrst, berst A loss, defect, L. Byrst burst, v. berstan. ByrtS bears, v. beran. ByrtSen, bertSen, e ; f. A bur- then,load, weight, fagot, An. ByrtSene dil A share of a burthen, a portion, S. ByrtSere, es; m. A porter, S. ByrtSor.4 breed, the young, S. — binen, e ;f A midwife, S. ByrtSr Born ; partus, L. ByrtS-binen A midwife. Byscop a bishop, v. bisceop. Byseg business, L. v. bisegu. Bysen, bisen ; g. bysne ;/. An example,model,resemblance, command. — Der. Bysen, fore- : bysnian: gebysnung: bysig : bysgu : abysean. Bysen-ian ; p. ode ; pp. od To give an example. — ung, e ; /. An example. Bysg-ian ; p. ede ; pp. ed To occupy, busy, employ, S. 54 C jEF Bysgu occupation, v. bisegu. Bysgung,e;/. Employment, S. By si, bysig Busy, occupied, S. Bysme> infamy, v. bismer. Bysmr Disgrace. — ian To de- ride. — ung Deceit, derision, v. bismer. Bysn an example, v. bysen. Bysn-ian ; p. ode ; pp. od To give or set an example or pattern. — ung, e ;/. An ex- ample. Byssen an example, v. bysen. Bysst A loss, B. Byst Biestings, v. beost. Byst art, v. beon. Bysting Beestings, the first milk of a cow after calving. Byt, bytt, e ; /? \. A bottle, flagon. 2. A butt, tun, S. — Bytt-e hlid, es ; n. A lid, stopper, or bung of a butt? — Bytt-fylling A filling of bottles, butts, SfC. Byt commands, v. be6dan. Bytel, g. bytles ; m. A mallet. Byter bitter, -nes, v. biter. Byt? it, shall be, v. beon. BytS inhabits, v. biian. BytSne a keel, S. v. bytme. Bytl A mallet. — a, an; m. A hammerer, builder. — ian ; p. ode ; pp. od To build. — ing, -ung, e ; f. A building, edi- fice, S. v. bytel. Bytme, an ;/. A heel of a ship, a ship, K. Bytta bottles, v. byt. Bytt-e hlid, fylling,v. byt, bytt. B^wan to dwell, v. buan. Byxen Made of box, G. v. bux. C and cc are often changed into h before s or t5, and es- pecially before*; as Strehton they stretched, for strecton from streccan. A'bsian_/br acsian, axian to ask ; sehtS for secS seeks, from secan to seek. — In words immedi- ately derived from Saxon, the English k is frequently substituted for the Saxon c ; as, Cyng A king; cyn kin. Sometimes q or ch ; as, Cwen Queen ; cild a child. Cac Dung, ordure. — hus, es ; n. A privy, S. Ciebestr a halter, v. caefester. Caeder-beam a cedar, v. ceder. Casfed Embroidered, S. Cavfester, caefli A halter, head- stall, S. CAL Caeg, e : f: also caege, an ; /. A key. — bora, an; m:-hyrde, es ; m. A bearer or keeper of keys, a steioard. — loca, an ; m. A Jcey locker, or place that can be locked up. Caega, an; m. A lock, a keep- ing locked, Le. Citgyian To lock, shut, S. Caegie, casige a key, v. caeg. Caelan To cool, to make cool, to refresh, S. v. calian. Caeic chalk, v. cealc. Coslc, caelic a cup, v. calic. Caile A keel, ship's bottom, S. Cself a calf, v. cealf. Caemban To comb, S. Caempa a soldier, S. v. cempa. Caen, caenn kin, v. cynn. Can a pine, Le. v. cean. Caennan To clear, justify. Csenned Born, v. cennan. Caennestre, an ; /. One who has borne, a mother, dam, S. Caepe-hus A storehouse, L. Caeppe A cap, cope, hood, 8. L. Caerc-aern a prison, v. carc- Caercian to chirp, v. cearcian. Casren A sort of wine, L. Caerfille Chervil, L. Caerse Cress, v. cerse. Caester, a city, v. ceaster. Cat' Quick, active, prompt, swift,ckief,bold. — lie Brisk, active, brave. — lice Quickly, hastily, manfully, valiantly, boldly. — nes, se ; /. A has- tening. — scype, es; m. A quickness. Cafer-tun, cafor-tun, es; m. n. 1. An inclosure before a house, a vestibule. 2. A large hall. Cal Wild cole-wort, L. Calc A shoe, sandal. — rond, es; m. A round hoof. Calc Lime, Le. v. cealc. Cald cold, v. ceald. Caldea burh ; g. burge ; d. byrig;/. The Chaldean city, Babylon, S. Calf A calf. — ian To calve, S. v. cealf. Calian To cool, L. Calic, es ; m. A cup, goblet. Calla, an ; m. A man, Cd. Le. —Der. Hilde-. Calo,calu : g. m. n. -wes Cal- low, bald, without hair. Caluer-clim, caluer-clymp a skull, S. v. calwere. Caluw bald, v. calo. Calwa.an; m. A disease which causes baldness, S. Calwere, es ; /re. A skull, a place for burial, abald place on the head, S. v. calo. CAN Cama,an ; m. A bridlebit, Th. Camb, es; m. A comb, crest. — -iht Combed, crested, S. — -Der. Flse<5e-, wulfes-. Camell, es; m. A camel, R. Cammec, -oc, -uc, commuc Maiden weed, bog fennel or rest harrow, cammock, S. Camp ; comp, gecarop, es ; in. nl 1 . A contest, battle, war. 2. A camp, S. — Der. Ellen-: cempa. — Camp-dom, -had, es;m. Warfare. — ian 1. To fight, contend, xoar. 2. To encamp ? S. — radenn, e; f. A contest, battle. — stede, es ; m. A battle-place — ung, e ; f. 1. A fighting, combating. 2. An encamping? S werod, es ; n. A fighting multitude, an army. — wig, es ; n. Bat- tle strife. Can know ; is able, can ; canst knowest, v. cunnan. Can, cann, e ; /. Averment, clearance, Th. gl. Cananeisc Canaanitish. Cancelere, es; m. A chancellor. Cancer-adl, e ; f. A cancer- disease, a canker, S. — e[can- cre] A cancer, disease ; an animal, a crab, S. — haebern, [hsedern ?] A hole for fish or crabs, a hole in a wound, a cave, den, S. CsLiicet-teadeLaughing. — ung, e ;f. A laughing, giggling, S. Cancre a canker, v. cancer-. Candel, condel, es ; n. A can- dle. — Der. Heofon-, weder-, woruld-, wyn- : — Candel- bora, an;m.A candle-bearer, asub-deacon, a clerk— \eoht, es;n. Candle-light. — maesse, an ; f. Candlemas, the mass at the feast of purification which,in the Romish church, was celebrated with many lighted candles. — snytels Candle - snuffers. — staef, -sticca A candle -staff or stick. — treow, es; n. A can- dlestick toith branches, a candlestick. — twist A pair of snuffers. — weoca, an ; m. A wick of a candle, a torch. — -wyrt, e;f. Candle-wort, an herb. Cann, v. can. Canne, an ; f? A can, pot. Canue, g. d. ac. of can. Canon, es; m. \. A canon, a rule. 2. A canon or pre- bendary. — dom, es ; in. A canonship, office of a canon, S. — eclic Canonical, L ias, -icas Canons, L, 55 CAS Canst knowest, v. can. Cantelcap, es ; m. Cantel-cope, a sort of priest's garment, L, Cantere, es ; m. A singer, S. Cantic, es ; m. A song, S. Cantwara burh ; g. burge, burbge ; f. Canterbury. — -wara mjeg<5, e ; f. The county of Kent, men of Kent. — ware, -waias, nm. ac ; g. -a ; d. -um ; pi. m. Kentish men, men of Kent. — waru, e ; /. The whole body of Kentish men. Capitol Chief, first, early, An. Capitol, -ul, es ; m. A chapter. — maesse, an ;/. Early mass. —a, an ; m. A chapter, a chapter-house, An. Cappa? A cap, cope, priest's garment, S. L. Capun A capon, Le. Cara cares, v. caru. Care Cark,care,S. — aern,es; n. A prison, a house of correc- tion, a quarry in which pri- soners were compelled to work. — life Agrimony, B. L. Care of care, v. caru. Carefull Careful, v. caru. Carendre A people of Ger- many, the Sclavi, S. Car-ian, -leas, v. caru. Carl, es; m. A male : chiefly used before words to denote the male, as cwen is the fe- male; — as, Carl-catt.es; m. A male cat. — fugel, es; m. A male or cock bird. — man The male kind, a man, a married man, L. Carles wsen Charles's, i. e. the Churl's or farmer's wain, v. ceorl. Carr A rock, scar, north coun- try car rock, S. Carta Paper, L. Cartaine, nm. ac. pi. : g. a ; d. um; m. The Carthaginians, Caru, cearu ; g. d. ac. e ; pi. a ; g. ena ; d. um ; /. Care, anxiety. — Der. Aldor-, breost-, gufc-, mjel-, m6d-, sorg-: cear, -galdor, -gast, -ian, -ig, -leas, -seld, -siS, -sorh, -u, -ung, -wund, -wylm: cearig, sorh-. — Car- full Carefull, anxious, cu- rious. — fullice Carefully. — -fulnes, se ; /. Carefulness, curiosity. — ian To care, be anxious. — leas Careless, reckless, without care, free. — leasnes, se ; /: carleast Without anxiety, security, carelessness, L. v. cear. Casere, es; m. 1. Ccesar, an emperor. 2. The ruler of CEA heaven, Ood. — Casere9 wif, Caseres cwen An empress. — Caser-ing, es; m. A Ccesar- ing, a coin with an empe- ror's image, a coin. — lie Im- perial, S. — n An empress, L. Cassuc Bind weed, L. Castell, es ; n.A town, castle. Casul A cassock, short cloak, S. Casyr Citsar, v. Casere. Catt,e9; m. A cat. — es-minte, an ; /. Cat-mint, L. Cauer-tun, v. cafer-tun. Cawel, cawl, cawl-wyrt Cole, colewort. — wyrm A cole- worm. Cawl, cawel, caul, ceawel, es ; m. A basket, S. Ceac A basin, beaker, cup, pitcher. — Der. coc. Ceac, ceap, es ; m. A kind of fetter, Th. gl. Ceaca, ceca, an ; m : ceace-, cece, an ;ft A cheek, jaw. — Ceac-ban,es ; n. Cheek-bone. — bora, an ; m. Anhilus, L. Ceace A trial, proof, S. Ceachetung A rebuking, S. Ceaf, g. es ; pi. u ; n. Chaff. Ceafel, ceafl, es ; m. A bill, beak, snout; in the plural jaws, cheeks. Ceafer-tiin a hall, v. cafer-tun. Ceafes an harlot, v. cyfes. Ceafor, ceafyr, es ; m. A chafer, a beetle, B. L. Ceahhet-an To laugh, giggle, S. — ung,e;f.A loudlaughter. Cealc, calc Chalk, lime, stone. — Der. Niwcalcd. — Cealc-a ceaster, e;f. Thechalkcity: Camden thinks it is Tadcas- ter.— h^S,e ;f. Chalk, Kent. — stan Chalk-stone, chalk. Ceald, cald Cold, S.—Der. I's-: acealdian. Cealer-briw, es ; m. Droppings of roasted meat, S. Cealf, es; pi. cealfru, n. A calf. — adl, e ; f. A calf, disease. — hus, es ; n. A calf house. — ian To calve. — Der. Cii-. Ceallian To call, An. Cealo, se cealwa ; g. m. n. cealwes, Bald, v. calo. Cean, cen, c»n? A pine or fir tree, Le. Ceap a fetter, v. ceac. Ceap, es ; m.nt 1. A bargain, sale, business. 2. Anything for sale, a chattel. 3. The price, also cattle, as they were chiefly used in barter. — Der. Land-: ceapian, a-, be-, ge-,ofa-: c$p-an,-man: orceapes, orceapunga, un- ceapunga. — Ceap-an Tobuy, CEA Le. — cniht, es; to. A bought servant, a slave. — dseg, es; m. A bargaining or market day. — dagas The Nones, or stated times when the com- mon people came to market. — eale-belu, e ; /. [ealu ale, belu a plank] An ale-selling place. — gild, es ; n. Sale money, market price. — ian ; p. ode ; pp. od To bargain, chaffer, trade, to contract for the purchase or sale of a thing, to buy, to cheapen. — -ing A buying. — mann,es;7«. A chapman, merchant, mar- ket - man. — sceamul, es ; m. A toll-booth, custom-house, tradesman s stall. — scip, es; n. A merchant ship. — setl, es; n. A tradesman's booth, stall, or shop. — stow, e ; f. A market-place, a market. Hence the name of Chepstow. —&tvxt,e;f.Adreet or place for merchandise, a market. — Jjing, es ; n. A thing on sale. — ung, e; f. Business, trade, traffic, commerce. — -ung-gemot, es ; n. A meeting for trade, a market. — ung- bing,es; n. A buying, setting a price, saleable, S. Ceapan To buy, Le. v.ceap-ian. Ceaplas Cheeks, [as ceaflas] whelps, S. Cear, cearu, e ;f. Care. — Cear Anxious, careful, grievous, great. — gast, es ; m. An anxious spirit. — galdor, es ; m 1 A dire enchantment. — -ian, [carian] ; p. ode ; pp. od To take care, heed, to be anxious. — ig Careful, pen- sive, wary, chary, anxious, grieving. — leas Negligent, careless. — seld, es; n.A care seat, a strange mishap. — -8i35, es ; m. A sorrowful journey. — sorh ; g. -sorge;/. Great sorrow, grief I — u, e ; / Care. — ung, e;/. Pensive- ness, anguish of mind, a com- plaint, S. — wund, e; f. A grievous or great wound. — -wjlm, -welm, es ; m. A care wave. — Der. caru. Ceara care thou, v. cear-ian. Cearc-ern a prison, v .carc-aern. Cearcetung, e ;f. A gnashing, grinding, crashing noise, as of the teeth, S. Cearcian ; prt. -ciende (hence Chaucer, to chirke, chirk- ing, and our chirp) To chat- ter, creak, crash, gnash, S. Ceare with care : ccarena of cares, v. earn. 56 CEM Cearf carved, v. ceorfan. Cearu care, v. cear. Ceas a quarrel, v. ceast. Ceas chose ; p. q/"ce6san. Ceiisan ; p. ceos, we ceoson ; pp» ceasen To strive, fight, Le. — Der. Be-: ceas, ceast,un-: orceas-, -nes : unbeceasen. Ceasega, an ; m. A chooser. Ceasnes, se ; /. Choice, S. Ceast, ceas, e ; ft Strife, bat- tle, contention, enmity. — full Full of contention, tumultu- ous.— Der. ceasan. Ceaster; g. ceastre ; pi. ceas- tra ; /. A city, fort, castle, town. — Ceaster-sesc, es; m. A sort of ash, S. — buend, es; m. A city dweller, a citizen. — gefera, an ; m. A fellow citizen. — geware, -waras, pi. m. Townsmen, citizens. — -hlid, es ; nl A city gate. — -warn, e ;f. The inhabitants of a city as a body, the city collectively. — wyrhta, an j m. An embroiderer, S. Ceat A thing ; res, L. Ceatta, Cheats, S. Ceaw chewed, v. ceowan. Ceawel a basket, C. v. cawl. Ceca, an ; to. A cheek, v. ceaca. Ced A boat, wherry, H. Cedelc, cedeleac The herb mer- cury, S. L. Ceder-beam, es ; m. -treow, es; n. A cedar-tree, L. Cef chaff, v. ceaf. Ceg a key, v. caeg. Cegan To call, R. Cehhettung Laughter, L. Cel-an To chill, to be cold, S. — e Chillness, a very great coldness, S. — ing, es ; m. A cooling, refreshing. — nes, se ; /. Coolness, air. — ung, e ;/. A cooling, refreshing, S. Celendre, cellendre The herb coriander, S. L. Celejjonia The salendine, S. Celf a calf, v. cealf. Cellas Cells ; cells, L. Cellendre Coriander, S. Cellod Keeled, a shield, the bottom of a ship, An. Celment - man, celmert - mon An hired servant, C. R. Cemb, cemde 1'hat which is combed, tow, hards, S. L. Cemban ; p. de To comb, S. Cemes A coat, surplice, S. Cempa, an ; to. A soldier, war- rior, champion, a novice, a young soldier. — Der. camp. — Cempena yldest First, chief of the soldiers, a com- mander. — Cempena rihtMi- litary law. CEO Cen a pine, Le. v. cean. Cene, es; m. n; re/. Seen, fierce, bold, warlike. — Der. Deed-, gar-. Cene-, c6n-lice Keenly, boldly, notably. Cene-helm, -setl, v. cyne. Certesta keenest, v. cene. Cen nan ; p. de ; pp. ed, ge- eenned. 1. To beget, bring forth. 2. To produce, ad- duce, to vouch the truth. — Der. cunnan. Cennefierce, ac. s. m. of cine. Cenned Begotten ; def. Se cenneda, Jmcennedan Geni- talia. Cenn-estre, an;/. One who has borne, a mother. — ing, e ; /. Birth, a producing, S. — ung, e;f.A begetting, generation, Le. — ynde Producing, v. eennan. Cennys birth, v. cenn-ing. Cent The county of Kent. — -ingas Men of Kent. — isc Kentish, belonging to Kent — land, es ; n. Kent land, Kent. — rice,es; n. Theking- dom of Kent, S. Centauie A centaur, S. Centauria The herb centaury. Ceo A chough, a fowl of the genus corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, S. Ceoca a cheek, v. ceaca. Ceocung e ;/. Ruminatio, B. Ceod a cod, purse, v. codd. Ceofl a basket, v. cawl. Ceol, es ; m. A ship, small bark or vessel, a keel, S. — belu, e; /. The deck of a vessel. Ceoles ig, e ; /. Chelsea, on the bank of the Thames: S. says, " Loci nomen, villae insularis olim, et navibus accommo- data, ut nomen significat." Ceola A cottage, a cabin, S. Ceole, an;/: also ceole, es; m. The jaw, throat, S. Ceolr or brote A collar or throat ; guttur, L. Ceor A bondman, S. Ceorf-a;x A cutting-axe, S. Ceorfan, he cyrf <5 ; p. cearf, we curl'on ; pp. coifen To carve, cut, hew, engrave, amputate, kill? —Der. A-, be-, for-, ofu-, to-. Ceorfincg-isen A marking or searing iron, S. Ceorian ; p. ode To murmur, complain. — jDer.Cyrm,-an. Ceor-ig Lamentable. — ung, e ; /. A murmuring, com- plaint. Ceorl, es ; m. 1 .Afreemanof the lowest rank, a countryman, churl, husbandman. 2. A man,husband. — A free man, CER as opposed to beow A slave. — Der. Hiis-: carl, -catt, -fugel, -man. — Ceorl-boren Country born, common, low born , opposed to begen-boren Noble born. — Ceorles waen, es ; m. Charles's wain, i. e. the churl's or farmer's wag- gon, a constellation. — Ceorl- folc, es ; n. The common people. — ian ; p. ode To take a husband, to marry. Spo- ken of a woman, and opposd to Wifian To take a wife. — -isc Churl-like, rustic, com- mon but free born. — iscnes, se; /. Churlishness, rusti- city. — Strang famne, an ; /. A rough woman, L. Ceorm A noise, v. cyrm. Ceortes ig, e;/. Cerot's island, Chertsey, Surrey. Ceos strove, v, ceasan. Ce6san, ic ceose ; bu, he cjrst ; p. ic, he ceas ; bu cure, we curon : sub. he ceose ; pp. c6ren To choose, elect, select. — Der. A-, ge- : eyre: cyst: cyrice : wsel-cyrige: coren, a-, ge-. — Ceos-ung, e; f. A choosing, S. Ceosel, ceosl, es ; m. Gravel, sand. Hence the sand-hill in Dorsetshire is called Che- sil. — Ceosel-stan,es; m. Peb- ble stones, gravel, coarse sand, Mo. Ceosol, 1. The ventricle. 2. A cottage. S. Ceosung, v.ceosan. Ceowau, he cyvvfc ; p. ceaw we cuwon : pp. cowen To chew, eat, S. Le. Ceowel a basket, v. cawl. Ceowung, e ;/. A chewing, S. Cepa A merchant, v. ceap. Cepan ; p. cepte To take, hold, go about, endeavour, make an attempt, betake oneself to, seek after, catch at, heed, regard, catch, keep, S. Cepe-eniht A bought servant, a slave. — man A merchant. — stow A market. — bing A saleable thing, what is for sale, v. ceap. Cepinc, ceping Traffic, mer- chandise, S. Cepla A basket, S. Cep-man, -sceamul, v. ceap. Cer A turn, v. edcer, cerre. Cerdices ford, es ; m. Cerdic's ford, Chardford, Hants. — -leah, leag, lagu, e ;/. [lagu a law, territory] Cheardes- ley, Bucks. — ora? Cerdic's shore,Cerdickshore, Norfolk, S. 57 CIL Cerene, 1. Boiled wine. 2. An earthen vessel. 3. A chum, S. Cerfe, v. ceorfan. Cerfille, an ;/. Chervill, S. Cerian, Le. v. cerran. Cerlice The herb carlock or charlock, L. S. Cernan;p.de;pp.ed Tochurn. Cerran, cirran ; p. ede ; pp. ed To turn, avert, pass over or by. — Der. Eft-, ge-, on-, wiSer-: acerr-an, -ednes : cer, cyr, ed-, ofer-: wieod-, prym-, woruld-, wuldor-, -cyn, -dom, -giereld, -rice : cyng, under- : cyne, -beam, -bend, -b6t, -butl, -dom, -geard, -gold, -had, -helm, -lie, -Hce.-licnes, -rice,-rof, -scipe, -setl, -stol, -stnet, -brym, -wise, -wi$8e : ge- cynd, -e, -hoc, -lim : cund, feorran-, god-, heofon-, in-, up- : ciiS, nam-, un-, up-, wid-, -e, -elic, -elice, -ian, -Izetan, -lice, -nes : cniht, -had, -iugu<5, -lie, wise : cneovv:cene: cnawan: cn6sl. Cunned Crafty, B. Cunnere, es ; m. A tempter. Cunnian, p.ode ; pp. od, ed To inquire, con, seurch into, to prove, attempt, try, tempt. Cunning, es; »t. Experience, S. Cunt-heare Fumatory, S. Cuople A coble, small ship, L. Cuppa, an ; in. A cup, L. Cure, curon ; p. of ceosan. Curmealle, curmelle, an ; f. Centaury, L. Curs A curse, L. — an To tor- ment, punish, S.— ian, p. ode ; pp. od To curse, S. — -ung, e ;/. A cursing, curse, torment, hell, S. Cursiam Incense, S. Cursumbur Incense, S. Cus a kiss, v. cyss. Cus ofacow. — lippe, an ;f.'A cowslip. — sceote A ringdove, still called cowshot in Lan- r cashire, S. Cusc Chaste, pure, clean. Cusceote A ringdove, v. cus. Cuter Resin, L. CuS Known, certain, evident, familiar, domestic. — Der. cunnan. — Cu5-a,an ;m.One known, an acquaintance, a familiar friend, a relation. — don To make known. — e, an ; fl What is known, an idea— e Knew. — elicKnown, certain, S. — elice Certainly, S — emen Relations, L. — -ian ; p.odeTo become known, to regard. — lsetan To enter into friendship, make peace, S. — lie Known, certain. — -lice Certainly, truly, in- deed. — nes, se; /. Know- ledge, acquaintance. — noma, an; m.A sirname, S. — omen CW£ Relations, R. — on Knew. — udyat Reyardedst, v. cufc-ian. Cuus of a cow, v. cus in cu. Cuwon cheioed, v. ceowan. Cwacian To quake, tremble. Cwacung, e ;f. A trembling. Cwide, cwiedon, v. cweSan. Cwsel a violent death, v. cwal. Cwselm death, v. cwealm. Cwaeman to please, v. cweman. Cwsen a queen, v. cwen. Cwaert-ern A prison, S. Cwsestednys A trembling, S. CwjbS said, p. of cv/eian. . Cwaefcan, /or cwe<5an. Cwal, cwalu, e ; f. A quelling with weapons, a violent death, slaughter, death. C wale bus, es ; n.A tormenting house, a prison. Cwanian ; p. ede ; pp. ed To languish, to be weary, faint, to mourn, S. Cwanta wie Canterbury, S. Cwart-ern A prison, .9. Cwatan ; p. cwehte ; pi. cweh- ton ; pp. cweht To shake, move, brandish. Cwatbricg, e ; f. Cambridge, • on the Severn, S. Cwead Dang, filth, L. Cwealde killed, p. of cwelian. Cwealm, es ; m. Pestilence, con- tagion, slaughter, destruc- tion, death. — beer Death bearing, deadly. — bzemes, se ; f. Destruction, ruin. — -bealo Mortal bale.-~die6r, • es ; m. Slaughter, gore. — -nes, se ; f. Torment, pain, anguish, S,— stow A place of execution. — brea Deadly penalty- — wyrhta, an; m. A man-slayer, S. — Der. cwelan. Cwearn a mill, v. cweorn. Cweart-ern, cwert-ern, es, n. A guard-house, prison, S. Cwecan, cweccan ; p. cwehte ; wecwehton ;pp. cweht: also Cweccian, cwecian ; p. ode ; pp. od To move, wave, brandish, shake, quake. Cweccung, e;f A disturbance. Cwede a saying, v. cwide. Cweden said, v. cwecan. Cwehte moved, v. cwatan. Cwelan ; p. cwael, we cwaelon ; pp. cwelen To die, perish, be killed. — Der. A -, cwelian : cwealm, bealo-, beor<5-, deafc-, feorh-, gar-, man-, man-, (it-, -bar, -bsernes, -bealo, -dre6r, -stow, -brea, -wyrhta: cwyld, man-, -bser: • twal, cwalu : cwalehus : self- . cwala : ofc-cwellan. 'CWI Cwelca Coloeynthis, B: Z. Cwelian; p. ede; pp. ed, G: also, Cwelian ; p. twealde; pp. cwe'ald To kill, slay, quell. C wellere, es ; m. A killer, man- slayer, queller, tormentor. Cwelm destruction, v. cwealm. Cwelmende, v. cwelian. Cwelm ian To kill, L. Cwem-an ; p. de To please, de- light, satisfy, profit. — ing, -ung, e ; f. A pleasing. — -nys, se; f. A satisfaction, an appeasing, a mitigation. Cwen, e; f: cwene, an ;_/". 1. A queen, wife, woman. 2. Put before nouns to denote the gender, Der. Drill t-, eald-, folc-,-lic. — C wen-fugeli4 hen bird. — hyrde, es ; m. A pro- tector of females, one fit to wait upon qneens, an eunuch. — lie Queenlike, royal. Cwene, an ; /. A common wo- man, a harlot. Cwen-as, a ; m. pi. The in- habitants of Cwenland, the Vandals. — land.es; n. The country between the Gulf of Bothnia and the White- sea, including Finmark, An. — sae The White-sea. Cwencan To vanish, quench. Cweoc quick, alive, v. cwic. Cweorn, cwyrn.e;/'. A mill. — Der. Hand-. Cweorn - bil, -bill, es ; n. A mill pike, or the iron supporting the mill. — burne, an ; f. A mill stream. — stan, es; m. A millstone. — t6$, es ; m. Mill- tooth, grinding tooth. Cwert-ern A prison. Cwe<5an,ic cwe<5e, bu cwyst, he ewy <5 ; p. ic cwcfeS, bu ewtfede, he cwaeS; we ws- don ; sbj. cweSe ; im. cwefc bu, cwe£a£ or cwe<5e ge ; pp. cweden, gecweden. 1. To say, speak, call. 2. To call for, provoke. — Der. A-, for-, foregilp-, hearm-, on-, wiS- : cweSol, gilp- : cwide, cwiSe, bi-, big-, ed-, f6re-, gilp-, hearm-, hleoSor-, me- Sel-, sar-, teon-, wiSer-, word- : cwid-rseden. Cwe<5a<5 lament, v. cwiSan. Cweftol Talkative, jesting. Cwic.cwuc, adj. Living, quick, active. — Der. Ed-cwic Re- viving: 8am-: cwician, a-: cwecan, a- : cwacian, a-: — Cwic-aeht, e ;f. Living pro- perty or cattle. — aelmesse, an; f. A living sacrifice, an 63 CWY oblation. — beam, es; m. An evergreen tree, a toild ash, w-icken-tree or wichtree, ju- niper-tree. — ceap, es; m : feoh ; g. feos,n. Living pro- perty, cattle. — fyr, es ; n. A quick fire, fire of brimstone. — helmes hlaew, es ; m. Cuck- amsley Hill, Berkshire. — -ian; p. ode; pp. od To quicken, make alive. — lie Lively, living. — lifigende Living. — seolfer, es ; n. Quicksilver. — susl, es ; n. Burning sulphur. — susles ealdor The chief of burning brimstone, the devil. — suslen Sulphureous, fiery. — treow, es ; n. The aspen-tree. — wiht Living creature. Cwice Quick growing grass; couch-grass, quitch grass. Cwicu Alive — lie Life like, lively, living, v. cwic. Cwid-boc A book of proverbs. Cwidd-ian, -igan ; p. ode; pp. od To speak. — ung, e;f. A saying, report, speech. Cwide, cwi<5e, cwyde, cwy£e, es ; m. A speech, saying, command, sentence, judg- ment, testament, argument, doctrine. — Ealde c widas Old sayings, proverbs. — Cwidas d6n To make wills. C wide-gied, gidd, es; n. A song. — scral A n outcry. Cwidol Evil-tongued, S. Cwid-rjeden An agreement, B. Cwiert-ern A prison, S. Cwiferlice Anxiously, L. Cwild Slaughter : for the com- pounds of cwild, v. cwyld. Cwilmian To torture, torment, kill, S. v. cwylm-an. Cwiman to come, v. cuman. Cwincan, cwencan ; p. cwanc, pi. ewuncon ; pp. cwuncen To disappear, decrease, Le. Cwinod wasted, v. cwanian. Cwi<5, cwi<5a The ivomb, S. L. Cwi<5an ; p. de To speak or moan in grief, mourn, la- merit. Cwifce a saying, v. cwide. CwiSendlic; adj. Proper, pe- culiar, natural. CwoaiSan to say, v. cweSan. Cwoellan to kill, v. cwelian. Cwom came, v. cuman. Cwuc alive, v. cwic. Cwyc Living, v. cwic. Cwyddung A saying, L. Cwyde a speech, v. cwide. C wydele A n inflamed swelling, a pustule, L. Cwydeltas SpeecJUess, S. Cwydodon said, v. cwiddian. CYL Cwydol Ill-tongued, B. Cwyd-raden An agreement, L. Cwylan to die, v. cwelan. Cwyld, cwild, e ; /. Slaugh- ter, destruction, pestilence, plague. — baer Death - bear- ing, mortal. — baerlice Death- bearing, deadly. — fl6d,es; n. The death-flood, the deluge. — tid, e ; f. A dead time : as we say, the dead time of night. — Der. cwelan. Cwylm Death. — an p. de ; pp. ed To kill, torment, crucify. — incg, -ing, es ; to. A cross. — nys, se ;/. Torment, S. v. cwealm. Cwylt-tyd, v. cwyld-tid, Cwyne, an ; /. A loife. Cwyrn a mill, v. cweorn. Cwysan ; p. de ; pp. ed To crush, quash, shake, bruise, squeeze, burst asunder. Cwyst sayest, v. cwefcan. Cwyst Jju Sayest thou ? Whe- ther or no ? If or no ? Cwyfc says, v. cweJSan. CvvySaS lament, v. cwifcan. CwySe a saying, v. cwide. Cwybele A pustule, L. Cy cows, v. cu. Cycen a chicken, v. cicen. Cycene, an ; f. A kitchen. C^d strife, v. cid. Cydde told; p. o/cyfc-an. Cydung a chiding, v. cidan. Cyf, e ; /. A tun, vessel, hogs- head, bushel. Cyfes, ceafes, e ;f: cyfese, an ; f. A concubine, handmaid. — -boren Baseborn. — gem an a, an ; m. Whoredom, fornica- tion ? — had, es ; m. Whore- dom, fornication. Cygan, cygean, cigan ; p. de ; pp. ed 1. To call, invite, call upon, invoke, intreat. 2. To call together, assemble. Cyging A calling, S. — nes, se ; f. A name, calling by name, naming. Cygling, es ; m. A relation, R. Cyl, cyll, es ; m. A leather bottle or bag, An. Cyld a child, v. cild. — faru.e ; /. A carrying of children. C^ld cold, v. cald. Cyle, es ; m. 1. A cold, chill, coldness. 2. A well. Cyle ; adj. Cool, chill, cold. Cylene A kiln, an oven, L. Cylenisc Like a kiln, S. Cylew Spotted, S. Cyle-wyrt Sour sorrel, S. Cylfer-lamb A female lamb, S. Cyline, cyline-heorS A kiln, S- Cyll A leather bottle, v. cyl. Cyln A kiln, L. CYN Cyme, es; to. A coming, S. Cymen, cymyn, e ; f? Cinna- mon, Cummin. Cym-Hc Advantageous, comely. CymS comes, v. cuman. Cyn, ne ;/. The chin, v. cin. Cyn, cynn, es ; n. Kin, kin- dred, lineage, race, pos- terity, tribe, nation, people, kind, sort. — Der. cunnan. Cyn, cynn Akin, suitable, fit, proper. — lie Fit, adequate. Cyncg a king, v. cyning. Cynd nature, v. gecynd. Cynde Natural, kind. Cyne By nature, v. cyn. Cyne ; adj. Kingly, regal, royal, princely, gentle, An. — Cyne-bearn, es; n: -cynn, es ; n. Royal offspring. — -bend, e; f. A royal crown, a diadem. — bot, e ;fl A flue for slaying the king. — botl, -butl, es ; n. A kingly dwel- ling, a palace. — dom, es ; m. 1. A royal dominion, king- dom, realm. 2. Kingship, the office of a king, royalty. — geard A royal wand, scep- tre. — gewaede.es ; n. A king's clothing, a purple robe. — • gild, es ; n. A fine for slay- ing the king. — gold, es ; n. Kingly gold, a crown.— gyr d, e ; /. A sceptre. — had, es ; m. A royal state or condition, dignity. — healm, -helm, es ; to. A crown, diadim. — hel- mod Crowned. — hlaford,es; to. A royal master, An. — -lie Regal, royal. — lice Roy- ally, kingly. — licnys, se ; /. Royalty, as shewn in the deportment, a kingly like- ness. — maeres ford, es ; m. Kempsford,Gloucester shire. — rice, es; n. A kingdom. — -rof Royal, noble, renowned. • — seipe, es; m. Kingship, royalty. — setl,es; n. A royal sent, a throne. — stol, es; m. A royal dwelling, chief city, a capital.— strst, e; f. A royal street or road. — brym, -brymm, es; to. Royal ma- jesty, kingly host. — wise A republic, commonivealth. — -wi£<5e A royal wreath, a diadem. — Der. cunnan. Cy^ne a cleft, v. cinil. Cyneg a king, v. cyning. Cjmende gaping. L. v. cinan. Cynet Kennet T Wilts, S. Cyng a king, v. cyning. Cyng-ban, v. cin-ban. Cynges tun, Cyningestun, es ; m. The king's town, Kings- ton. 64 CYR Cyning, cyng, esjw. [cyn na- tion, people ; ing a son, de- scendant] A king, ruler, prince. Anglo-Saxon kings were elected in the witena gemot on the death of the preceding sovereign. — Cyn- ing-aS, es; m. A king's oath. — cy n Royal race.— dom ,es ; to. A kingdom. — es b6tl; ea heal A king's dwelling, a pa- lace. — gerefa A sheriff. — -gerihta Secular dues. — gie- rela A diadem, S. — rice, es ; n. A kingdom. — begen A king's thane or attendant. — -wyrt King's wort, marjo- ram? — Der. cunnan. Cynn a race, v. cyn, cynn, -reccennis, -ryne : cyn-ren, Der. cunnan. Cynnfit, v. cyn. Cynnestre,an ;/. A mother, S. Cynnreccennis,se;,/'./4 reckon- ing of relationship, a gene- alogy, L. v. cynn. Cynnryne, cynryne, es; to. A family course, parentage, generation, v. cynn. Cyn-recenne? A pedigree, S. Cynren Kindred, family. An. Cyo A species of crow, Mo. Cyp A beam, timber, measure. C^pa, an ; to. 1. A factor, merchant, trader. 2. What a tradesman has his goods in, A basket, S. Cypan ; p. cypt, bu cyptest, pi. cypton, ciptou To sell. Cype-cnihtas Bought servants, slaves, L. — man A merchant. — marina riht The law of merchandise, S. — bing A saleable thing, merchandise. — Cyp-inc, c^p-ing A bar- gaining, marketing, setting a price. — inga? A market, S. — mann, -pmann, es; m. A merchant.— pan-ham, es; to. Chippenham, Wilts, S. — -bing Merchandise, S, Cypera, an ; ml A sort offish : Mr. Fox [Boet.p.(j&] thinks, A carp. Cyperen Coppery, belonging to copper. Cyp<5 sells, v. cypan. Cyr a time, An. v. cer. Cyran To turn, B. Cyrc for Der. v. cyrice. Cyrce a church, v. cyrice. Cyrde, cyrdon, v. cerran. Cyre, es ; in. A choice, will, pleasure, turn ? — -aS, es ; to. The select oath, the oath sworn by the witnesses ■na- med by the accused, and se- lected by the accuser. — Der, ceosan. CYR Cyrcea A church, v. cyricea. Cyrece A church, v. cyriee. Cyren New ivine, S- Cyren -ceaster, Cyrn-ceaster, e ; /. Cirencester, Cicester, Gloucestershire. Cyre-wi$<$e A crown, S. Cyrf A cutting off, an instru- ment to cut with. Cyrfaet A gourd, S. Cyric Ecclesiastical, church, v. cyriee. Cyric, for Der. v. cyriee. Cyriee, cyrece, cyrce, cirice, cucp,a.n;fi A church, temple. — Der. ceosan. — Cyric-, ci- ric-boc, e ;/. A church book. CYD Cvrn A churn, S. Cyrn-ceaster, e ;f. Cirencester. Cyrnel, cyrnl, es ; n : pi. a, u. A kernel, grain, an indu- rated gland, S. Cyrpsian To crisp, or curl. Cyrran To turn, v. cerran. Cyrre time, v. cerre. Cyrre, cyrred, v. cerran. Cyrse A cherry, v. cirse. Cyrtel A woman's gown, a vest, mantle, hirtle, S. Cyrten-lscan To make plea- sant or beautiful. — lie Mer- ry, pleasant, L. — lice Nota- bly, solemnly, cunningly, merrily, S. bot, e; f. A church levy Cys Pure, clean. — wuce, an;/". or rate for the repair of the* Cleansing nr purification xoeek, the first week in Lent, church. — brice,es; m. Avio lation of the privileges of the church. — burh, g. burge, d. byrig •/. The Church city, Chirbury, Salop. — friS, -grifc Church peace, right of sanctuary. — had, es ; m. Holy orders. — halgung, e;f. Church hallowing, dedica- tion. — lie Like a church, ec- clesiastical— magung, -man- gung, e ;f. Church monger- ing or traffic. — ren, e ; f. Church robbery, sacrilege. — ■ — sang, es ; m. A church hymn or psalm. — sangere, es; m. A church singer. — -sceat, es; m Church scot, a payment of the first fruits of all esculent seeds or grain. — soen, e ; f. Church pro- tection, sanctuary. — statu, e;f. Church theft. — ben, begn, e<; m. A church ser- vant, a priest. — benung, e ;/. Church-service, the liturgy. — bingere,es; m. A priest. — -tun Church-yard-— v/zecce an ; f. A church icatching, a vigil. — weed, e ; f. A church vestment, S. — weard,es; m. A churchwarden. — wic, es ; n. A church dxoelling, a mo- nastery. Cyricea, an ; m. A church. — Cyricean mann, es; m. A churchman, an ecclesiastic. Cyrige, eyrie will, v. eyre. Cyrin A churn, L. Cyring-ceaater, e; /. Ciren- cester. Cyrlic The herb mercury, Mo. Cyrlisc Rustic, rural. — nys, se ; f. Churlishness, clown- ishness, rudeness, S. Cyrm, cirm, es; m. A noise, shout, cry, scream, uproar, crashing.— an To cry out, Der. ceorian. S. Cyse, es ; m. A cheese. — Cys- faet, es; n. A cheese vat. — •gertin Cheese runnet,coagu- lum or curd, runnet, A n. — -lib Milk curded, S. — sticce Cheese, S. — wyrhta, an ; m. A cheese maker. Cysel-stan Gravel, v. stan. Cyser-aeppel A dried fig, L. CyspA fetter. — an To bind,B. Cyss, es; m. A kiss. — an;j». te; pp. ed To kiss, S. Cyst 3, indf. of eyss-an. Cyst, e; f. Costliness, excel- lence, dignity, fruitfulness, goodness, kindness. Often used for Best ; as, Ealra ge- weeda cyst The costliness [the most costly, the best] of all garments, K. — Der. Gum-, hilde-, un- : cystig, un-. — Cy st-elice, -lice Mwni- ficently. — ig Munificent, li- beral, good. — ignes, se; f. Bountifulness, goodness, mu- nificence. — leas Fruitless,re probate. — lie Munificent. — -maelum Earnestly, S. — um With excellence, excellently, Cyst, cist , e ; f: also, ciste, an ; /? A chest, coffer, sheath, casket. Cy^st chooses, v. ceosan. Cyst, e ; f. Election, choice. — Der. ceosan. Cyst-beam, cysten-beam, es; m. A chesnut-tree. Cystel A chesnut, L. Cyston kissed, v. cyss-an. Cyta, an ; m. A kite, S. Cyte, an ; /. A cot, v. cote. Cytel, cetel, es; m. A kettle, a brazen pot, a cauldron. Cytere A harp, S. Cy^S know, v. cyfc-an. Cf$ gtcyX, ie ; f. Knowledge of a person, acquaintance, I 65 D.ED friendship, affinity. — an ; p. de, <5e ; pp. ed To make known, call, declare, relate, tell, announce, show. — ere, es; to. A witness, martyr, messenger, S. — lscan, p. -laehte To make known, to praise. — ling, es ; to. A rela- tion, L. — nes, se;f. A mak- ing known, publication, com- pact, testament, will, wit- ness, testimony. — ung, e ; f. A knowing, rumination, con- sideration, B. — Der.cunnan. Cy$ a region, v. cy<5<5e. Cy<5de said, v. p. of c^5-an. Cy£<5e,gecy$Se,an ;f. afHu, e ; f. A home, native place or country. — Der. cunnan. CyS<5e of friendship, v. cy^&. CyXSu a country, v. cyfc<5e. C^w<5 chews, v. ceowan. Cywung, e ; /. A chewing. L 4 D. D is sometimes changed into 3, as snidan, sniSan To cut. D and t are often interchanged, as mette met, for metde. Nouns ending in d or t are generally feminine, as Ge- byrd, e ; /. Birth : Miht, e ; f. Might, power. A word, terminating with -ed, -d, indicates that a per- son or thing is furnished or provided with that which is expressed by the root, and is usually considered as a per- fect participle, although uo verb may exist to which it can be assigned ; such words have, therefore, generally ge prefixed to them ; as Ge- hyrned Horned; Gesceod Shod, Rsk. The perfect participle ends in -ed, -od, but when the letters t, p, c, h, x, and s, after another consonant, go before the infinite -an, the vowel before the terminating -d is not only rejected, but d is changed into t; as from Dyppan To dip would be re- gularly formed dypped dip- ped, contracted into dyppd, dyppt, and dypt dipped. Da A doe, S. Daag, dag A ny thing that is loose, dagling, dangling, S. DakJ, e ; f. A deed, an action. — Der. don. — Dzed-baua, an; m. An actual murderer, D.2EG perpefrutor of murder. — -beta, an; m. A deed amen- der, a ■penitent, G. — betan To make amends, give satis- faction, to be penitent, to re- pent. — bot, e;f. An amends- deed, repentance, penitence. — botnes, se ;f.Penitenee. — -cene Deed keen, bold. — fru- ma, an ; to. A deed beginner, an energeticman. — haia, an ; to. A hater of valour. — -hwset,se-hwata, g. -hwates Deed quick, or active, bold. — la, an ; in ? A doer, v. man- for-dzedla. — lean A deed- loan or reioard, a recom- pence'. — lie Deedlike, active — rof Deed-famed, illustri- ous, valiant. — weorc, es ; n. A deed-work, a great work, a feat. Dife Fit, meet, S. Daefte Convenient, mild, B. Dajftlice Conveniently, fitly, S. Daeg ; g. dsges ; d. dasge ; pi. nm. ac. daga8 ; g. daga ; d. dagum, to. \. A day. 2. The time of a man's life. — Der. AZ't-, aldor-, dea$-, dom-, ende-, feorh-, frige-, fyrn-, gang-, gear-, geswine-, lain-, lif-, mjel-, mid-, monan-, saetres-,sunnan-,swig-,swj]t-, bunores-, tiwes-, wil-, win-, wudenes : daeges,an-, forX-: dag-ian, -or, -ung. — Daeg- candel, es ; n. The sun. — -did, e ; f. A day deed. — DasgesDaily. — Dseges eage, an ; n. A day's eye, a daisy. — Daag-feorm, e ; /. Food for a day. — liiEefen ; g. hraef- nes ; to. A day raven, Be. — -hwamlic, -liwomlic ; adj. Daily ; quotidianus — hwam- lice ; adv. Daily ; quotidie. — hwil, e ; /. Day's space, life. — ian To shine. — leohta Day-light, light of day. — -leoS.es ; n. A day song, Le. — lie Daily. — maM, es ; n. A day division, divider, a dial, S. — majt A day measure, a dial, Le. — mete A saffron- coloured stone, S. — red Ear- ly dawn, morning. — redlic ; adj. Of the morning. — red- sang, es ; m. A morning song, mattins, S. — red- woma, an ; to. The rush of dawn, the early morn, G. — rim, -rima, an ; m. Day dawn, aurora, Le. — rim, es ; m. A number of days, a course of days, age. — scade By day, or in the day-time, S. — scild, es ; to. A day shield, a cloud — steorra, an ; to. The DAG day star. — berlfe Daily, diurnal, present, An. S.— -bern, es; n. A day's space, S. — tid, e ;f. -tfma, an ; to. Day time. — waecce, e ; f. A day watching or watch. — -weard, es ; to. A day ward, sentinel. — weorc, es ; n. A day'swork. — win.es; to. Dai- ly labour or task. — wist, e ; f. A daily repast.— woma, an ; to. The rush of day, the dawn. Daege A ship, sign 1 pistris, B. Dsegel secret, v. deag-ol. Daegsan stan, es ; m. The stone of Degsa, Dauston, or Dal- ston, Cumberland. Daei, daeig a day, v. daeg. Dael, es ; m. A part, portion, deal. — -Der.Dajlan, be-, for-, ge-, to- : oidile : bedajle : gedal, aldor-, fri$-, hiw-, lif-: dal, or-, to-, woruld-, -o. — DaM-aex, e; f. A large axe for cleaving wood. — Dail-an ; p. de ; pp. ed To divide, separate, distribute, bestow, deal, dispense, dole, spend, judge. — edlice By itself, apart. — end, ere, es ; to. A dealer, divider, distri- butor. — ing, es ; m. A divi- ding, parting, S. — leas Por- tionless, deficient. — malum Ln parts, piecemeal. — niman To take part, to participate. — nimend, -neomend, es ; to. A partaker, a participle- — -nimendlic Participial, S. — -nimendnes, -nimung, e ; f. A participation, portion. — -nimingc A partaking, S. — -ydnes, se; f. A division. Dself a digging, v. delf. Daema, an ; to. A judge. Dasn-beere woody, v. den-bare. Daene The Danes, v. Den-e. Dsene of a valley, v. denu. Daene-land A land of valleys. Daen-marc, e; f: Baen-merce, an ; f. Denmark. — ware ; g. &;pl. m. Lnhabitants of val- leys, S. v. Ben-ware in Ben. Daer a loss, v. daru. Baerenta-, Berta-mu