198 G9 opv 1 1^ ^^ ■mm OF KHiseTM ^^t ^1^^, 'rm. Ijhat k %^, and ioiu to %^ j PRIC^TEN CENTS. Booksellers and Stationers, 32 I'enx. Avenue, bet. Ninth am) Tenth Streets, WASHINGTON, D. C. ; ! »3-BTT"H" J^T THE DPE.J^CTXCA.Ij Trtiak Maaiifactory/ JAMES S. TOPHAM & CO.. SEVEJ^TH STREET, EAST SIDE, ONE DOOR NORTH OF ODD FELLOWS' HALL, WASHINGTON, D. C. Ladies' Dress, Sole Leather, and Wood-Box Trunks, with MeMur- raj-'s Patent Staj's. Bonnet Boxes, Valises, Ladies' and Men's Satchels. HOUSE'S PATENT RUBBER SHIELD, for which we are sole agents, adds great strength to trunks, and prevents their being smashed. Trunks Repaired and Covered at short notice. i li CITY OF WASHINGTON. WHAT TO SEE, HOW TO SEE IT, Entered according to act of Congress, 1869, by "Warren Choate, in the Clerk's Office of Supreme Court of District of Columbia. Jjtctrojjolitatt |3oohstorc, PUBLTSHEr.S, GOVERNMliNT STATIONERS, AND PRINTERS. ENGRAVING, BINDING, LITHOGRAPHING, AND PLATE PRINTING. 332 Penn. Avenue, bet. 9th and lOth Sts. lEW IGRK iiOTHlERS, No. 276 PeniTsylvania Avenno, ^1 Fine Clotliing Ready Made, W^Mt U ©rdn* in §m f orli, GENTLEMEN'S FULL DRESS SUITS. Kid Gloves and Furnishing Goods ALWAYS ON.HA^•D. MADE TO ORDEK AND READY MADE. JUNE ^^^* '^^"^^^ ^ Hoopskirt, Corset, and Shoulder Brace Factory, 613 Saventh Street, Intelligencer Building. Approacbing the city from the north, by way of the Wash- ington Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the prom- inent object that meets the expectant gaze of the visitor is the lofty Dome of the Capitol, surmounted by a bronze statue of the Goddess of Libert}^ and marking the spot where the nation's laws are made and its liberties protected. On the left is the eastern section of the city, or what is known as the "Capitol Hill" and " Navy Yard," comprising the 5th and 6th v/ards. Although the Capitol build-ing fronts towards this part of the city, and it was originally designed to be the fashionable and most populous section, it is, with tLe exception of the immediate vicinity of the Capitol building, but thinly settled. Nevertheless it is one of the most pleasant locations in the city, being very healthful, commanding an extensive view of the surrounding country, .and rapidl}^ increasing in the number of its population ana the value of its property. On the right is the main portion of the city, and out of the mass of private dwellings, and churches rearing their lofty spires, the visitor can easily distinguish the many white marble structures indicating the location of some Go'vera- ment Department. ■ , But the train has arrived in the Depot, and we are ready to alight. The front of the Depot faces on " New Jersey avenue," a wide street leading directly from the Ca]>itol, which is but a few rods to our left. We will find no lack of " accommodating " hackmen,'^ who assure us of safe and rapid conveyance to any part of the city ; and, to their credit be it spoken, they are generally faithful in the ful- fillment of their promises. But each hotel has its omnibus *See list of eliarges. ALL THE ITETV BOOKS AS SOOIT AS ISSUED. always ready ;* or, if the passenger prefers, he can take the street cars: the F-street line of which has a car imme- diately in front of the Depot on the arrival of each train, and the Pennsylvania avenue line a car stationed a little to the left of the Depot. The former line passes through por- tions of D, 5th, F, 14th, H, and ITtli streets, and Pennsyl- vania avenue, and by or within three minutes walk of the (^}Kj Hall, Seaton Tlonse, Metropolitan and National Hotels, Post and Patent Offices, Ebbit House, Treasury, War, Navy, and Internal Revenue Departments, and the Executive Man- sion. The fare is 7 cents, and the route is through some of the most pleasant streets of Washington. The Penns3^1vania- avenue line (or, as }t is moreyM-operly called, the Washington and Georgetown) goes by way of Pennsylvania avenue — the principal business street — directly by the Capitol, the National, Metropolitan, Kirkwood, and Willard Hotels, Treasury, War, Navy, and Internal Revenue Departments, and Executive Mansion, continuing its route to Georgetown. The fare is 6 cents. In this connection we would notice, that this line of cars, on its return, traverses the same route ; but, continuing its course beyond the Depot, goes through the Capitol Grounds to the Navy Yard, a distance, from one end of the route to the other, of 6 miles. It'has two branches, one traversing 7th street from the lower or river-end, making connection v/ith the southern mail boats, to its upper end or northern bound- ary of the city; and the other branch traversing 14th street from the Treasury Department, passing the State Department, out to tiio northern boundary: making in all, belonging to this line, 12 miles of street i.ailioad. The cars on all those routes (witli the exception of the 14th street branch) run every 3 minutes, beginning at 5, a. m., and closing at 1, p. m. The first and grandest object of interest is THE CAPITOL, Standing on a platoau 00 feet above the level of the Poto- mac river. The f'ont of the building faces the east, and that Eido looking towards the western front of the city is the rear; *Sce advertisement. BOOKSELLERS AND STATIOXEES. and, this fact remember(Bd, the stranger can easier understand, when he is told, as he approaches the building from the main part of the city, that he is entering by the back door. Enter- ing the grounds from this side, we find a park of 50 acres, beautifully ornamented with flower beds, fountains, gravelled walks, and adorned with a great variety of shade trees, in- digenous and I'oreign. During the summer months these grounds aT'e places of delightful resort, open-air concerts by the United States Marine band being given by order of Congress ever}?- Wednesday afternoon. Let us, however, walk around the buihiing to the east side or front of it, and, before enter- ing, survey tlie grounds around, and the beautiful and mass- ive proportions of the building. In the grounds our atten- tion is attracted to a colossal statue representing George Washington. This was executed by Greenough, and is sup- posed to be in imitation of the ancients, wlio made their statues naked above and clothed below, as being visible to the gods, but invisible to men. The artist has quite succeeded in this statue, it being sufficiently exjiosed to the heavens, but scarcely recognizable in this garb to his countrym.en. The entire lengtli of the buildi; g_is 75.1 feet 4 inches; its great- est deptli is 324: feet; height, from the basement floor to top of the bronze statue of Liberty, 300 feet, and the area covered is 153, LI 2 square feet. We see before us three great flights of steps or main entrances.. The one on the north wing conducts to the Senate Chamber, that on the south to the Hall of Rep- resentatives, and the centre one to the Rotunda. The two wings, occupied by the Senate and House of Representatives respectively, are "extensions," their corner-stones having been laid July 4, 1851, by President Fillmore, and the struc- tures finished in November, 1867. The material used in their construction is white marble, all from the quarries of Lee, lilassachusetts, except the columns, which were quarried in solid blocks at Cockeysville Maryland. The central portion of the building is l^uilt of sau'lstone from Aquia Creek, Vir- ginia, and is painted white. Its corner-stone was laid Sep- tember 18, 1703, by President Washington, and, after being [jartiall}^ destroyed by lire by the British in 1814, was finally completed in 1827. It has, during the past ten years, under- gone some alterations easily distinguished, the priuciDal ones STATIOi^ERY OF EVEUY DESCRIPTION. being those of replacing the old Dome by the present stupen- dous one of cast iron, and the remodeling and rebuilding of the Library. The tympanum of the central pediment is decorated with a group, in alto-relievo, of three figures, representing the Ge- nius of America, Hope, and Justice, with appropriate em- blems. This group is said to have been designed by John Quincy Adams. The northern pediment contains a group, by Thomas Crawford, representing the progress of civilization in the United States. The southern pediment has not yet been filled. The group on the norih cheek- block of the steps to the central portico is by Horatio Greenough, and represents the early struggles of our pioneer settlers. In a corresponding position opposite is Persico's group representing Columbus discovering America. On the right and left of the entrance to tlie Rotunda are Persico's statues of Mars and Ceres, sym- bolizing war and peace ; and immediately over the door is Campellano's bas-relief of Fame and Peace crowning a bust of Washington with wreaths of laurel. Entering this door, we find ourselves immediately in the EOTUXDA, A circular room, occupying the centre of the whole build- ing. It is 96 feet in diameter, and from its floor to the base oft he lantern aboveJs-203 feet. The large historical paintinG;s decorating the walls were ordered by Congress at different times, and cost about $100,000. Full descriptions of the details are printed on cards hung be- low each picture. The panels above these paintings contain bas-reliefs (done principally by Italian artists) illustrating the early history of America. Above these are colonnades sup- porting the great Dome, which contracts to a diameter of sixty- five feet, and through-this diameter is seen, as if in the clouds, P)rurnidi's allegorical painting representing different subjects, principally connected with American history. To ascend to the top of the Dome, stairs are built between its invA'V and outer sh«ll, a^brding easy access to all its parts, and giving tlie visitv.»r am^yre opportunity to examine the de- BOOKS SENT BY MAIL FREE OF POSTAGE. tails of its wonderful beauties, and repaying the lalsor of an ascent to the lantern at tlie top, by laying bel'oro the astonished eye a panorama of the surrounding scenery, with all its beau- ties and historic interest. By the aid of a glass, on a clear day, objects at a distance of many miles may be seen. The method of lighting this Rotunda is curious and novel. It is done by eleclricity, the fluid passiog from burner to burner, until the whole number, 1,300 in all, from the lowest one to the lantern itself,- 300 feet above, are all in a blaze. The time occupied in lighting them is 4 minutes. It may be well to state just here, that at the doors of the Rotunda, and in fact all over the building, may be seen the gentlemanly members of the Capitol police, easily distinguished by their uniforms, and who are always ready to give the visitor any information or assistanxie in his desires to see all the objects of interest about the building. On our way from the Rotunda to the House of Representatives we pass through the Old Hall, where have deliberated many of the greatest minds our nation has produced. The room is semi-circular in form, 95 feet long, 60 high. The twenty-four massive Corinthian columns, which support the entablature, are of variegated Potomac marble. Several specimens of sculpture, especially that piece forming the clock over the main entrance from the Rotunda, are interesting relics of the by-gone days of our Republic. By a resolution of Congress the hall has been set apart as a receptacle for historical paintings\and sculpture. Leaving this room, we enter the lobby of the Hall of Representatives. As we enter, let us stop to examine those two massive bronze doors, whose richly-ornamented representations, in has relief, of interesting periods in the life of Columbus, will well repj^y inspection. The designs are by Rogers, and the castings were done in Munich. Leaving tlie doors, we now tlud ourselves in what is called the " Lobby," the wide hall entirely sur- rounding the House of' Representatives. During the sessions of Congress these halls are continually crowded with Members of Congress and their importunate friends, sight-seers, at- taches, and hundreds of others, forming an exciting an(i interesting scene. FANCY NOTE PAPERS AND ENVELOPES. THE HALL OF EEPRESENTATIVES Is 139 feet long, 93 feet wide, and 30 feet high. A gal- lery, running entirely around the Hall, will accommoda'ie 1,500 persons: a portion directly above the Speaker's chair being set apart exclusively for the reporters for the press, and the remaining seats on that side for the ladies — a small portion being reserved for the diplomatic corps. To other parts of the gallery gentlemen are admitted without reserve. Access to the floor of the House can be obtained during the recesses of Congress, but during their sessions privileged persons only are admitted. The reporters for the Government occnpy the lower seats directly in front of the Speaker's chair and facing the mem- bers, and those gentlemen occupying the row of seats between the reporters' and the Speaker's chairs are the clerks of the House. The ceiling of the Hall is of iron, (as is much of the ornamental work about the walls,) and is supported by trusses from the roof. The stained glass panels represent each the coat of arms of a State. At night the Hall is illuminated by gas-jets lighted by electricity. Immediately in the rear of the Speaker's chair is his room, and adjoining are the rooms of other officers. The rooms for the accommodation of the dififerent committees and the post office for the members and other rooms are located across the lobby on this floor and on those above and below. Many of them are beautifully deco- rated in fresco, and form some of the most interesting and beautiful sights to be seen in the building. The stranger should not fail to see these, even if it be necessary to obtain special permission from some of the officers, members, or clerks to unlock the doors. The large and beautiful painting on the wall, at the head of the stairs leading to the upper floor, is by Leutze, and is entitled, "Westward the Star of Emjtire takes its way." The grand marble stair-cases as- cending and descending, and the bronze stair-case leading from the private lobby to the floor below, are well worthy of critical examination. On the floor beneath the Hall, besides thehandsomel3--decorated committee-rooms and passage-ways, the graceful and variegated marble columns and walls, and FOREIGN BOOES IMPOE«ED "WEEKLf . other attractions that startle the stranger with wonder and admiration at every turn, there is a room devoted to the im- portant subject of gastronomy, where, by special permission of Congress, a caterer dispenses everything that is necessary to the hungry appetite. By another special resolution intox- icating liquors are forbidden in the building. On this floor, it is worth while to stand at the north entrance-door and look down the corridor extending the whole length of the Capitol building. At the other end, looking like a small window, mav be seen the north entrance-door, nearly 800 feet distant. This corridor is 24t feet broad, and at the north end are 30 monolithic fluted columns of white marble, with capitals foliated with tobacco leaves and buds, supporting a ceiling of cast-iron panels. Going through this corridor, you pass the folding-rooms and the rooms of the political campaign com- mittees. In the former, the public documents of the House are securely wrapped and sealed, and mailed by the thousand daily to all parts of the country. From the rooms of the campaign committees, Republican and Democratic, millions of speeches have been circulated ; many more, indeed, during the last campaign than there were voters in our land, now happily peaceful and prosperous. We have now mentioned about all of especial interest on this side of the building. In the centre of the opposite, or north wing, located and shaped similarly with the Hall of Representatives, is THE SENATE CHAMEEE, 112 feet Ion,?, 82 wide, 30 high. Its arrangement is very similar to the fore-mentioned Hall, but across the lobby, imme- diately in the rear of the Vice President's chair, are several objects of attraction. Tliese are the President's Room, the Vice President's Room, and the Senator's Retiring-Room. The latte-r is one of the gems of the building. The ceiling is of white marble, deeply panneled, supported by highly-polished Italian marble columns ; the walls are of Tennessee marble, in which rnoks, none are T>ermitter] to ho tnlrpn away excpyit by the President of tlie United Stales, the Vice rresideh't, jnemhers of the Senate and House -of rvftpresentarives, Judges of the Suj)remc Court, Calnnet offifors. the DIdK)- rnatic Corf)S, Secretary of the Senate. Clerk of ilie House of Representatives, and agent of the Joint Committee on the Lihrary. The Document Libraries are situated- in incommodious rooms in out-of-the-way corners of the building, and contain nearly 100.000 volumes of documents, laws, aeporti*, debates, etc., and are accessible to members of Congress and p-?rsons introduced by them. These include all the prominent objects of interest about the Capitol ; and the heart of the American swells with pride as he views the massive proportions and minute and harmo- nious details of the building, connected so closely with much that is sacred, honored, and memorable in history. Just east of the grounds, and on that side of the Capitol, v^'ithin a stone's throw of it, is a spot full of interest, but now hardly recognizable in this connection. On the corner once stood what was known as the Old Capitol, and during the late war as ><( THE OLD CxiPITOL LPJSON In the year 1S14 the building that stood on this spot was occupied by Congress while the Capitol itsolf was undergoing, the repairs made necessar}'- by the vandalism of the British troops. It had since been used as a dwelling-house, but at the beginning of the war was taken possession of by the Gov- ernment as a prison, and used for that purpose during the continv;ance of the rebellion. In this connection it has a peculiar history — sadness, mystery, gloom and death forming its firincipal chapters. It has since been entirely changed and remodeled, and to-day four handsome ch.eerful houses stand upon the spot, completely obliterating all traces of the old building. Directly south of the Capitol, on New Jersey avenue, are FAMILY AKD POCKET BIBLES. 13 THE COAST-SURVEY BUILDINGS. X plain and ordinaiy ita their appearance, and once used as dwelling-bouses. THE EXECUTIVE MANSION Is situated in the wsstern section of the city The building was cnmoaenced in 1792; was roodeled after the palace of the Duke of Leinst-er ,• is 170 feet front and 86 deep, and is built of free-stone, painted white. The East Room is used as the grand reception-room, and is located in the eastern end of the building, is 80 feet long, 40 wide, and 20 high. The green-room, red-room, and blue- room are aho used on certain public occasions, and receive their peculiar names from the color of the walls ani.l furniture. The western end is used for the President's private far-nily:; and leading out from this end is the Conservatory, containing a great variety of rare plants in almost constant bloom. On the second floor, at the eastern end, are located the public offices of the Piesidentand J.iis private Bocretaries. The grounds around tJie building are kept in good order, and during the favorable feasons preseni a beautiful appearance. Concerts are given in the grounds fvoutii of the Mansion every Saturd-ay afternoon during llie eummer montlk^, and always attract a gay and fashionable assemblage. In the grounds north of the building there stands a bronze statue of Jefferson, presented to but never officially received by the Government, by Captain Levy, United States Navy. Public receptions are usually given by the President, .semi monthly, during the later winter months, in the eyening, and also upon every New Year's day. Inter- views can be had for public business usually between the iiours of 11 and 1 upon every day of the week except two, which are called -cabinet-days, when he is closeted with the members of his Cabinet for consultation. Tlie publi-c, how- ever, while they may remember that the President is supposed to be the "servant of the people." and that a portion of his time may be devoted to receiving the congrauilations and general hand-shakings of the "Bovereigns," should not forgei; > 14 THE ANTIQUE BAEO^TIAL KOTE PAPER, that his time is very precious, and tliat their inteiTiews, un- less upon iraportant business, nnd at his request, should not be prolonged beyond two or three ininutes. Opposite and north of the " White House" is THE " LAFAYETTE SQUARE," A pleasant park, containing Clark Alills's bronze statue of President Jackson. Tiie material used in casting this statue is made principally of the guns captured by General Jackson at Pensacola, and the four brass six pounders at the base of the pedestal were captured by the hero at the battle of New Orleans, in 1815. The entire height of the statue and pedestal is 16 feet, and tlje former is secured to the latter by nothing more than the balance of gravity, the centre being so nicely calculated as to balance the immense weisht upon the hind feet of the liorse. The entire cost was $oO 000. Opposite the east side of the Executive Mansion is K THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT. The appearance of this building from the outside is at once appropriate and pleasing, and its harmonious architecture, massiveness, and surroundings, especially when viewed on the west side, are extremely imposing. Tlie larger portion is built of granite, from Quincy quarries. Its interior is no less grati - fying to the beholder, and admirably suited to the comfort of the occupants. With the exception of the centre, or older por- tion of the building, the i-ooras are large, commodious, airy, and well-lighted and furnished. The otlii>ers connected with the Treasury Department are, the Secretary or head of the Department. First and Second Comp'.'rollers, and a Comp- troller of the Currency, a Commissioner of Cu-stoms, Con->mis- sioner of Revenue, and Commissioner of Internal Revenue, six Auditors, a Treasurer, Register, and Solicitor, and the oficers in charge of the Light- House Board and Coast Sur- vey. There are also a Director m charge of Statistics, a Super- vising Architect, and a Superintendent of the building With a written oi'dor from the Secretary, and under ihe direction of the Superintendent, the visitor can be admitted to the PRATER BOOKS AND CHURCH SERVICES. 15 Printing Division of the National Currency Bureau; but he must be unaccompanied by ladies, they not being admitted under any circumstances, except as employes. Heretofore, all the notes and bonds of the United States have been man- ufactured here, and the process is exceedingly novel and interesting. The ponderous hydraulic presses, the delicate cutting and counting-machines, the manufacture of paper and envelopes, the printing of the noles, and the intricate paths they are compelled to pursue, all present a busy and exciting scene. B'rom a visit to the Loan Branch, Redemp- tion Division, and Cash-Rooms of- the Treasurer's Office, the visitor obtains some idea of the financial operations of the Government. The redemption and mutilation and the count- ing of the United States currency is, in th«se offices, an inter- esting proceeding. West of tiie Treasury building, and just beyond the Ex- ecutive Mansion, are the WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS, The buildings occupied by these Departments are insignifi- cant and time worn in their appearance, and faulty in their architecture. They will shortly be replaced by such as are more worthy of the vast importance of the branches of our Government using them, and which will give greater satisfac- tion to both visitor and occupants. Proposals for designs for new l)uildings have already been issued. The building oppo- site the War Department, on the corner of ITth street and Pennsylvania avenue, and now occupied by a branch office (the Quartermaster General's) oi the War Department, is the Corcoran Art Building, and was erected just before the begin- ning of the war by the liberality of Mr. W. W. Corcoran, a wealthy bankerof Washington, for the exhibition of the works and the encouragementof artists. His noble design was un- fortunately frustrated by the opening of the rebellion, and the building being needed by the Government, v/as taken possess- ion of, and has since been used as the headquarters of the Quarteraiaster General. The large building on Seventeenth fitrcet, opposite the Navy Department, is called "Winder's Building," and has been used since its erection, many years ago, 16 VIOLET INK, OR THE " PAEME " FLUID. by the branch oiSces of the War and Navj^ Departments. In fact, tliese Departments have grown to such an extent as to be compelled to occupy several buildings scattered about this neighborhood. The headquarters of the General commanding the United States armies is situated opposite the Winder's Building, on the corner of Seventeeth and F streets. Still west of the last-described Departments is the U. S. NAVAL OBSERVATORY, Connected with the Navy Department, and used principally for the purposes of hydrographical researches, although as- tronomical investigations are conducted to an important ex- tent. As may be conjectured, there are many objects of rare interest to be seen, and all the instruments and appurtenances are of the finest and most valuable kind. The elevated site on which the Observatory stands, before tlie country became settled, was the camp of a branch of a noble tribe of Indians, to whom all the territory in this region belonge-d. and are thus described by Captain John Smith: "Such great and well-proportioned men are seldom seen, for they seem like giants to the English — yea, and to their neighbors ; yet seemed of an honest and simple disposition, and with much ado re- strained from adoring us as God." Many strange and won- derful legends are connected with this spot. EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF WASHINGTON. Just north of the Observatory, in a circnlar piece of ground situated at the intersection of several streets with Pennsyl- vania avenue, and forming a pleasant little park, is- the Equestrian Statue of Washington, modeled and cast in bronze by Clark j\Iills. The tall shaft of marble to the southeast of, and so distinctly seen from, the Observatory, and in fact from all parts of the city, is the unfinished WASHINGTON MONUMENT. The corner-stone of v/hroh was laid July 4/1848. The origi- nal design cfrntemplatfo a square columu sji:t hundred feet BEAUTirULLY-BOUND AND ILLUSTEATED BOOKS. 17 high, and by the subscriptions of the people a height of one hundred and eighty-four feet lias been attained, but for more than ten years these subscriptions have decreased to such a sum as to barely keep the present pile in repair. The design furnished by Robert Mills was a grand conception, and can be seen at the office in the Monument grounds. Lining the inside of the Monument, and also in the sheds erected near, are to be seen blocks of stone contributed by every nation, and almost every class of people of all nations, bearing suit- able inscriptions, and intended to testify a universal respect for the great and good man. A feeling of sadness, almost of shame, comes over the visitor as he contemplates this unfin- ished structure. But history teaches us by numerous exam- ples that such stupendous works, even in older and larger and more wealthy nations, were never built by voluntary con- tributions. East of the ]\Ionument. reaching as far as the Capitol, is a continuous stretch of public squares, to be im- proved ere long by beautiful flowers, noble trees, rare shrub- bery, and extensive walks, forming one of the grandest and largest parks of the world. In the square next east of the " Monument Square" is lo- cated the AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT, Destined to become one of the most important and useful branches of our Government. The grounds and building already present a very handsome appearance, and the former give ample field for experimental farming and gardening. The interior of the building presents a cheerful aspect, and the Museum, containing everything that is rare and curious in the vegetable world, is worth a prolonged visit. Still going east, we come to the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. This building is diflferent in architecture from any other in the city, being of the Lombardian order, and is built of light- red sandstone, obtained from Seneca creek, about 23 miles from Washington. There are nine towers to the building, the 2 18 WEDDING- STATIONEEY IN THE- LATEST STYLES. main one being 150 feet liigb. Tlie corner-stone was laid May 1, 1847. The founder of this insiitution was James Sraithson, a native of and residing in England, and a man of high scientific attainments. The legality of his bequest was tested in tbe English courts, but a final decision resulted in placing $515,169 in the Treasury of the United States, for the accomplishment of the object of the testator — " the increase and dUfusion of knowledge among 'ihcn.''^ This sum still re- mains intact, the interest upon it liaving been so managed as not only to erect tliis handsome building, but to give its pur- poses proper support. The scientific results of tlie various Exploring Expeditions are stored here, and the Tiluseum of Natural History and collections of curiosities, native and foreign, is tlie largest and best in America. The Library contains man}" rare and valuable works. The scientific in- vestigations, conducted by the officers of the institution, oc- cupy a prominent and important feature, and their results are appreciated by all similar institutions throughout the world. The building was seriously damaged by fire in 1865, but has since been repaired. East of the Smithsonian Institution is the COLUMBIA ARMORY, A grim and solid building, in w:hich are stored a large quan-' tity of ordnance and other war material, and many military trophies. East of this building are the extensive grounds of the GOVERNAIENT PROPAGATING GARDENS, Where rare plants from all parts of the world can be seen in full bloom, forming a sight at once beautiful, rare, and curious. About one and a half miles beyond the Capitol, and at the extreme eastern end of the city, is .the WASHINGTON ALMS-HOUSE. This liandsome edifice d*^dical(d to corporate charitv, and the restraint and -reformaliou of uetty ofienders, occn).ies an THE STA:^T)Ar.D AUTHORS lis PBOSE AND POETET. 19 elevated site, eas^. of the Capitol, and is a rare specimen of tlie right building \n the riglit phice. Its architecture is pleasing and dui-able without unnecessary expense ; and a visit to it will quicken the heart and gratii'y the taste. On the way we pas.s the Wallacli School Building, one of the public school houses of Washington, and perhaps, as a building, as well adapted to its purpose as any other in the country. We also pass the CONGRESSIONAL CEMETERY, The oldest and best known in the city. Ifc receives its title from the fact tliat, when a member of Congress or a Senator of the United States dies, his memory is perpetuated in this grave-yard by a monument erected at the public expense ; and thus a cemetery really belonging to a coi-[. oration has become known ':i?', par excellence, "The Congressional." In this section of the city, on the Anacostia river, (the Eastern Branch of the Potomac,) is located the WASHINGTON NAVY YARD. Tlie grounds covered comprise about 357 acres, and are entered, on the land side, through a handsome gateway, the first curiosity greeting the eye of the visitor being several guns, trophies of naval warfare, the inscriptions on each desciibing its liistory. The workshops, ordnance stores, me- mentoes of maritime adventure, ship liouses, and frequently monitors and war-vessels, all |>resent objects of interest suffi- cient to occupy«very profitably the time of the visitor. Opposite the Navy Yard, on the other bank of the Eastern Branch, is located the GOVERNMENT ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. This large and beautifully-proportioned building occupies an elevated and commanding site and in all its arrange- ments, internal and external, is a model institution. It was built under .authority of an act of Congress, and is for the 20 AT HOME & RECEPTION CARDS PRINTED & ENGRAVED. accommodation of the insane of the array and navy of the United States and of the Dii^trict of Columbia. The bridge spanning the stream, and leading to the Inpane Apylum, is the one traversed by the murderers Booth and Herold on the night of tlie assassination of President Lin- coln, and the adjacent counties beyond intbe State of Mary- land were the ones where they were secreted and finally dis- covered. THE WASHINGTON ARSENAL Is locat'^d on the e-ctr^^me southern limit of the city, at the mouth of tbe Eastern Branch, and is in full view from tbe Nav^"- Yard. Death dsaiing implements of war, of ever}'- imaginable construction and material, niay bo found liero; also a rauseurn containing offensive and defensive war mate- rial from everv nation, arranged with such military precision, and in such a neat and orderly manner, as to form a curious attraction. Curiosities from the battle fields in the late war form a novel and at the same time useful feature. Just north of and contiguous to the Arsenal grounds formerly stood the Penitentiar}'- building; bat by a late act of Congress all con- victs must Ije taken to the Albany (N. Y.) Penitentiary, and (he building hert^ or such parts as were not required for the use of the Arsenal, were razed to the ground It was here that tlie conspirators in the assassination of President Lin- coln were tried and convicted, and on a spot which can be pointed out Payne. Herold, Atzerodt, and Mrs. Surratt were hung and afterwards buried. Tlie spot where Booth'.s body was def)0sited, and about which affair there was so much mystery, can also be easily shown. The entrance to the Arseniil grounds faces 4.] street, and at the head of this street, (or half street,) about 1^ miles north of us, caa be seen the CITY HALL. * The building was commenced in the year 1820; and after along period, during wliich it remained in a fragmentajy Btate, was completed in IS^'O. It has a fine and commanding appearance, with front in the stucco style of architecture, of SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL BOOKS. 21 200 feet in leiagth. Its appro|)riation' is somewhat varied, embracing the sessions of the Circuit and Criminal Courts, as well as those of the members of the City Councils. Here i\\a ]\Iavor has liis office, and a large number of the city attor- neys have business chambers. As a piece of architecture it ranks high, being distinguished by great elegance and sym- metry. In the centre of the open space in front stands a monument to President Lincoln, erected in 1868 by the resi- dents of Washington, and designed by one of its citizens. Immediately to the northwest is the POST OFFICE. On the site of the old Post Office building, which was burnt in December, 1836, stands the present Post Office, one of the finest structures in the city of Washington. The Corinthian is the order adopted by the architect, which, with a material of white marble, gives an effect altogether beautiful and im- posing. Its fine front extends 204 feet, with 102 feet depth of wings, and three stories in height. Its front is on E street north, its east wing is on Seventh street, and its west wing on Eighth street. In the rear, and opening on F street, is the general delivery of the City Post Office, its accommoda- tions being commodious and pleasant. It occupies a conve- niently central position in the citj'-, and is in all respects wortljy of the city and of the important interests which il represents. Behind the Post Office is the PATENT OFFICE. This magnificent structure, the object of which stands so closely connectednvith 'mechanical and social progress, is in all respects admirably adapted to its purpose. The principal front of the building, with its splendid portico, in exact imi- tation of that of the Pantheon, looks down Eightli street. The grand entrance is here approached by a flight of granite steiis, opening again into a spacious hall, from which a two- fold flight of marble steps conducts to the fine galk-rios above. The centre portion of the building is applied to the purposes 22 BUSINESS CARDS EXGRAYED A:;D PPJ^'TED. of the Patent OiSice, The east wing gives" accomniodation to the Secretary of the Interior and his assistants, together with the Commissioner of Patents and his stafi'. One splendid saloon, designated the National Gallery, constitutes the second floor, and is carefully enriched with seemingly innu- merable models of patents, which- are really so classified and arranged as to be easily found, curiosities and me- mentoes, connected with the nation's history, specimens of home manufactures, and other objects of interest. A fourfold range of columns, of massive Doric architecture, rising to the height of 20 feet, and from which spring a series of arched ceilings 10 feet higher, give dignity and adornment to this splendid apartment. When, in connection with this, we take the fine cylindrical arch, rising superior to the others, and admitting light from above by. its central aperture of 13 feet diameter, we are constrained to acknowledge the grand and imposing character of the whole. The other halls on the same level are on an equally magnificent scale, and in style corresponding with that already referred to — opening by lofty archways into the vast gallerj'-just described, and giving in all a range of galleries of most extensive dimensions. \ THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE At present occupies a building belonging to the Protestant Orphan Asylum of Washington. The building is located some distance out 14th street, and is temporarily occupied by the Department until amore suitable building is p<-ovided for them. The old State Department building stood on the spot where is now reared the beautiful north wing of the Treasury Department. THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING-OFFICE, One of the largest establishments of the kitjd in the world, is located directly north of the Capitol. Nearly all the printing and binding required by Congress and the numerous Government Departments in Washiiiglon is done in this building, and the most recent and perfect nTachinery is em- ployed in the execution of the work. Several hundred hands BLAIs^K BOOKS OP ALL KINDS. - 23 are emp]o3^ed, and the scene presented during 'working hours is a busy and an interesting one, THE ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, A branch of tha.Surgeon General's Office is located on 10th street, between E and F stieets, in the building formerly known as Ford's Theatre, and where the assassination of President Lincoln occurred. The interior of the building has been so altered as to leave no trace of its old appearance, and, consequently, considerable of the interest it would otherwise have, in connection with the scene of the assassination, is lost. It is now within cheerful and commodious, and is divided iiito several apartments, devoted to the investigation of everything that may be useful in the materia medica of the army. The results of these examinations are carefully recorded, and have been of incalculable asssistance. CHURCHES. The religious denominations of Washington embrace almost every faith, and some of their places of worship are hand- some and imposing edifices: the most attractive ones being the Foundry, Wesley, AVaugh, Ryland, McKendree, Metro- politan, and First Congregational, (the two latter building,) of the Methodists; the Trinity, Ascension, Epiphany, St. John's, St. Paul's, and Incarnation, of the Episcopal; the St. Aloysius, St. Dominick's, St. Patrick's, and St. Mathew's, of the Catholic ; Calvary, First, E-street, and Fifth, of the Bap- tists; the First, New-York avenue. Fourth, Assembly^'s, Sixth, Western, and Capitol Hill, of the Presbyterian; St. Paul's and Memorial of the Lutheran.; and th.e First, of -the Congregational. The Hebrews, Unitarians, Swcdenborgians, Quakers, Univei'salists, and Spiritualists, have each their respective places of worship. COLLEGES. While AVashington can boast of many first-class institu- tions of learning, its citizens point with particular pride to COUXTIXG- HOUSE STATIONEIiT. the Columbian (at the liead of 14th street) and Georgetown Colleges, and the Howard University, (at the head of 7th street.) Tiie Law and Medical branches of each of these are well conducted and patronized. The Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind is also one of the best- conducted institutions of the kind in the country ; it is located in the northeastern part of the city, or rather in a pleasant suburb known as "Kendall Green." FOREIGN LEGATIONS. With two or three unimportant exceptions, all the ambas- sadors from foreign countries reside at Washington. Their names, residences, and other information can be obtained at the State Department. LIBRARIES. Nearly every Department of the Government has connected with it a library, accessible to the attaches, and containing many valuable, rare, and important works. Altogether they perhaps form the richest collection in the country. The Li- brary of the Young Men's Christian Association is at present the only popular one in the city. It embraces about 23,000 volumes, of nearly every class of literature, and is open to visitors every day, fi;om 9 a. m. to 10 p. m By the payment of an annual fee of -$2 books can be taken from the rooms. THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION ILive a handsome building at the corner of dih and D street?, where the stranger will always find a welcome. The rootJis are ofien from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. ; uewspai>er3 and magazines, religious and secular, from all parts of the coun- try, are to be found in the reading-rooms; a union prayer- meetirig is held daily from 6 to 7 p. m.* *It was anticipated that the buildinc referred to would be finished by the time this Guide would be ready for publication. Its eonstruc- ti )n liavin'.^ lieen deku'ed. the Association.s'^iU occupy the pleasant room-! over Motzerott's Hail, ou Peuusylvauia avenue, between 9th jmd 10th streets. MEMORANDUM BOOKS. 25 AKT COLLECTIONS. There are no public collections of paintings and other works of art, but several of the citizens have private galleries, which, at reasonable hours and days, are willingly opened to artists and lovers of art. The principal of these are the val- uable collections of Mr. \V. W. Corcoran. Mr. G. W. Eiggs, Mr. J. C. McGuire, Mr. Francis De Haes Janvier, Jr., and Mr. Franklin Philp. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. The principal places of amusement are the National Thea- tre, Pennsylvania avenue, between 13th and 14ih streets, and Wall's Opera House, corner of 9th street and Pennsylvania avenue. Besides these, Metzerott's Hall, Carroll Hall, and the Lecture-Room of the Y. M. C. A. present their attractions. THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON Is remarkably full of historic interest ; its landscape scenery is wonderfully beautiful, and the drives around delightfully varied. To the northeast, about 6 miles from Washington, is the village of BLADENSBURG Interesting principally as the battle-ground in the war of 1812. On the road we pass the debris of lines of rifle-pits, heavy fortifications, and other marks of the late war. About four miles out, is the " old duelling-ground," made memorable by the duels fought by Senator Mason, Commodore Decatur, Henry Clay, John Randolph, Midshipraaa Locke, Di'. John- son, A. J. Dallas, and man}'- others, all in their times promi- nent characters. About two miles outside of Washington, and completely 26 BANKIiS-G-HOrSE STATIO^TEET. encircling the city, is a chain of fortifications, completely con- nected by a rnilitarv-road, forming a boulevard, which, by the aid of trees and shrubbery, judiciously cared for, would be equal to the famed drives surrounding the city of Paris. There were more than 50 large forts, besides as many smnller ones called batteries, and during the war mounted more th;in 1,000 guns, many of them of the heaviest calibre. All of the fonifications on the north and east sides liave long since been dismantled, and are now either grass-grow,n or leveled with the surrounding earth, and completely obliterated by the farmer.'s ploughshare. The section of country immediately north of the city is full of interest. Driving out the road north of the Capitol, the beautiful Cemetery of Glenwood is passed. Next comes in view what was during the war the site of Harewood Hos- pital, on the carefully-kept and elaborately-laid-out grounds of Mr W. W. Corcoran. Sweeping around to the west, we suddenly come in sight of the MILITARY ASYLUM, * Or " Old Soldiers' Home," situated on an eminence com- manding a grand and an extensive view, surrounded by grounds kept in perfect order and almost matchless beauty by the infirm veterans of the nation's defenders. The build- ing itself is handsome and commodious, and daring the summer mouths the President and his family are invited to reside there. In the rear of the Asylum may be seen a sec- tion of ground covering many acres, handsomely fenced in, ornamented .vith flower-beds, evergreens, shrubbery, and clinging vines, beautiiully and tenderly cared for. Here sleep thousands of those who a few vears ago were in all the vigor and prime of manhood ; those who left home and kindred to pour out their life's blood for that flag which had been so ruthlessly assailed; some of them perchance areour brothers, all of them our friends. A simple bead-board, painted white, having inscribed on it in black letters the name, rank, etc., of deceased, marks each grave. North of the Asylum is the Rock-Creek Church, a solemn-looking edifice, built in the time of Washington, of material brought from England. POCKET-BOOKS AND WALLETS. 27 A drive of nearly a mile brings us to the 7th-street road, and about two miles north is the spot where the conflict occurred between the rebels and the 6th army corps. This was the nearest the southern troops approached to the city dur'og the war; but, by the timely arrival of the valiivnt 6th corpo. their march was stayed. Their officers entertained themselves at Montgomery Blair's country residence, "Crystal Spring," which is situated just inside the city limits, on the 7th-street road. Continuing our drive towards Georgetown, on the rlock-Creek road, we pass the section where it is proposed to establish a Park, which for natural beauty shall exceed any in the country, and with the aid of artificial adornments equal any in the world. We are now on the 14th-street road, selected as 'the favorite drive during the pleasant sum- mer afternoons of all possessing a fast team. Passing Co- lumbian College and continuing west by a way having scenery remarkable for its rugged beauty, we arrive at GEORGETOWN, "A, Washington's twin city, three miles west of the Capitol, and only separated from the city of Washington by Rock Creek, which is spanned by a beautiful iron bridge, con- structed on a novel plan. The city is located upon high ground, and commands a beautiful prospect of the capital and the valley of the Potomac. It is a port of entry, and carries on a considerable foreign and coasting-trade, and is also the greatest shad and herring-market in the United States ; large quantities of these fish being caught in the Po- tomac and brought here for barreling. The flouring busi- nesses extensively carried on, and keeps about fifty mills in constant operation. Manufacturing has also been introduced, and has lately become an important branch of industry ; the natural advantages for water-power being so abundant as only to require a reasonable outlay of capital to make them the most productive in the United States'.- The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal "is carried over the Potomac 'at this place, upon an aqueduct 1,416 feet long and 36 feet high, costing in'its construction two million dollars. The canal extends to Cumberland, a distance of 184 miles, through a country 28 BLA1.-K BOOKS RULED, PRINTED, AND BOUND TO ORDER. teeming with mineral productions for fuel and building pur- poses. The entire cost of the work was $12,000,000. There are eight churches in the city, two banks, a college, a nun- nery, and several hotels. A line of two steamers has lately been established between this port and New York, for car- rying freight and passengers f On the heights of Georgetown, upon the western slope of I the banks of Rock Creek, and beautifully laid out in terraces ' and walks overshadowed by tall oak trees, is OAK-HILL CEMETERY. The ground is varied by liill and dale, and commands most charming views of the exquisite scenery of the valley of the stream, broken into vistas and secluded nooks by the undu- lathig and varied nature of the ground. There are already many grand monuments erected here, and numerous vaults prepared for the wealthier families of the District. The vault belonging to the donor, Mr. Corcoran, stands upon the brow of the hill, in a very conspicuous and beautiful loca- tion, and is surmounted by a primitive Grecian temple of tlie Loric order, octagonal in form, and built of white marble, at a cost of over $25,000. The granite monument to Bodisco, the late Russian minister, is worthy of notice. The shaft v/as sent from St. Petersburg, by the Russian Government. The entrance is graced by a tasteful Gothic lodge, of sand- stone The stone Chapel, overgrown with ivy, is an attract- ive and beautiful feature of the Cemetery. "^ LITTLE FALLS. Three miles v»'estward from Georgetown the PotomaFforms a succession of cascailes, designated the "Little Falls." The noble river is at this point beautiful enough to provide im- mortal fame for the artist who i^hall properly delineate it. Overlooking its turbulence, the traveller crosses a bridge, the structure of" which assures him instinclivfly of his s^afety, and he arrives on the Virginia shore. Following the hit:fh- way for lifteen miles, over ]uctnre;-que hills and through' fine Ibrests, he finds a cross-road leading to the rniNTi^-G m all its Er.AycnEs. 29 GREAT FALLS. This romantic \vater-f;ill, without any pretenpion to the majesty of IlNiiigara, is a pnblinie specimen of tiie wildest mood of nature. Through fierce and jagged barriers of rock, the river forces its imperial march wilii such vehemence as seem.s to involve an immediate agent stronger than the force of gravity ; foaming and boiling, the crests of tlie hurried billows appear to be white masses, hurled by Titanie hands. Tlie whole scene is of that kind called savage, but nniy be more properly styled regal, nature — or the laws of nature, known and unknown, asserting the supremacy of the original force over all barriers. This point of the river furnishes the water used by the peo- ple of Washington, which is conveyed to them by means of the • WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. This vast enterprise has cost the nation nearly tlii'ee mil- lions of dollars. Some of the difficulties of its construction may be inferred from tlie following official description of the country through which it passes: "Tiie traveller ascending the hanks of the Potomac from Georgetown to the Great Falls would conclude that a more unpromising region for the con- struction of an aqueduct could not be found. Supported by high walls against the face of jagged and vertical precijiices, in continual danger of being undermined by the foaming tor- rent whicii boils below, the canal (the Chepaf)eake and Ohio) is a. monument of the energ}' and daring of our engineers. The rcuite aj.pears to bo occu[>ie-ere my own-impressions; and thougi> 1 know that in lhi.s age, with money, any achievement of engineering was jiossible, I thought the survey would be needed only to demonstrate l)y figures and measures the extravagance of such a work.- But when the levels were applied to the ground, I found, to my surprise and gratification, that the rocky preci[iices and diffi- cult passages were nearlv all below the line which, allowing a 30 LITHOGRAPHING IN EVEEY STYLE. uniform grade, would naturallj^ be selected for onr conduit; and that, instead of demonstrating the extravagance of the proposal, it became my duty to devise a work presenting no considerable difficulties, and affording no opportunities for the exhibition of any triumphs of science or skill." The conduit is nine feet in dimension, and discharges 67.596,400 gallons in twenty-four hours, Some idea of the magnitude of the enterprise may be formed by comparing the statement above given with the fact that the Ci oton aqueduct supplies 37,000,000 gallons, and Philadelphia and Boston are only respectively guarantied 15,000,000 and 10,176,570 gal- lons during the same period. There are, in all, eleven tunnels, some of them many hun- dred feet in length, and six bridges. The largest of the bridges is one of the most stupendous achievements of the kind in this country. It syians a small tributary of the Potomac, called the Cabin-John creek, by a single arch, two liundred and twenty feet in span, and one hundred feet high. The receiving-reservoir is formed by throwing a dam across a small stream known as the Powder-MiU or Little-Falls branch. The dam is of pounded earth, and floods above fifty acres, making a reservoir of irregular shape, containing, at a level of one hundred and- forty feet above high tide, 82,521,500 gallons. The water leaves it a distance of three thousand feet from the point where it enters, and, in slowly passing across this pool, which deepens to thirty or forty feet near the exit, it deposits most of its sediment. The Powder- MiU branch supplies two or three millions of gallons of pure water daily to the reservoir. The Great Falls of the Potomac, from whence the supply of water is obtained, are nineteen miles distant. Returning to Georgetown, and crossing the Aqueduct, we reach, after a few miles, ARLINGTON, Situated on the banks of the Potomac, directly opposite Washington. This was once the residence of George Wash- ington Parke Custis, a near relative of General Washington. It descended to the Lee family, and up to the war was the "BOITDS, CHECKS, NOTES, AKD CARDS LITHOGRAPHED. 31 residence of the family of Eobevt E. Lee. Since then it has been used by ihe Governraent to wliorn it belongs, having been purcba'^ed at a tax sale. Latterly the grounds have been u«ed by the Freedman's Bureau, and Freedman's vil- lage has spiung up, and it is here the infirm and helpless freed slaves have been supported by the Government. There is also an extensive cemetery, where thousands of our fallen heroes lie buried. What a change a few years have wrought! Wlio can tell what plottings of treason have been talked of in that house, now purified, and made sacred as memorial grounds of the great victory ! Passing on our left the " Long Bridge," (connecting the Washington with the Virginia shore,) and over which the troops who first set foot on sacred soil advanced, and on our right. tlie fortifications they erected, and the memorable spots where waved rebellion's flag, in full sight of the citizens of Washington, we arrive at ALEXANDRIA, Distant seven miles from Washington, with which city there is a constant communication by steamboat and railroad. The width of the river and the depth of its waters form here a fine harbor for the commerce of this portion of the country, which, although it h.as not arrived at the greatness anticipated in former years, is still considerable, and is principally em- ployed in the transportation of coal, tobacco, and corn. In the latter part of his life, George Washington was a pew- holder m Christ Church, and many reminiscences of that great man are preserved in the records of this ancient church, and also in the archives of Washington Lodge, No. 22, of Free and Accepted Masons. Alexandria is connected with George- town and the Vest by a canal, and a considerable manufac- turing business h carried on. About seven miles south of Alexandria is MOUNT VERNON, Once the home, and now the resting-place, of the immortal Washington. The estate has been allowed to pass into sad repair ; but having now become the property of the women of 32 ORDERS BY MAIL FILLED PROMPTLY. America, it is to be hoped it will be made more worthy of the ashes that repose there. The tomb contairif-- (he reroains of Washington and his wife Martha, and is a plaiu brick stnicture, having in front an iron- grating door, througii wliicli may be seen tlie sarcophagi en- closing the remains. The mansion contains many liistorioal relics, among which may be mentioned the Key of the Bas- tile, presented by La Fayette, portions of the military and per- sonal furniture of Washington, family portraits, and musical instruments, iiIKTlUG, BINLIKG, ENGEAVIJNU, ' ND LITHOGRAPHING. 35 consumption of public time, by requesting what cannot be given, or asking questions which cannot be answered. Tlie general laws for social etiquette are the same every- where, and arq expressed in two words, politeness ^nd good breeding ; and it is only necessary to observe these rules to insure proper conduct at public and private rece})tions. The gentleman and the lady in republican society will be recog- nized, acknowledged, and respected, no matter what rules a snobbish aristocracy may make in regard to dress and conduct. GENERAL REMARKS. The question of the location of the capital of the nation caused much and angry debate in the sessions of Congress, held in Philadelphia, in 1783 ; but after serious deliberation it was decided to locate it on the banks of the Potomac, on the spot advocated by Washington. His attention was arrested by the advantages which this location presents for a city when he was a youthful surveyor of the country around and he encamped with Braddock's forces on the hill now occupied by the Observatory, which was long known as Camp Hill from this circumstance. Plis earnest desire that the seat of Gov- e^nment should be located here is said also to have had great influence in the decision of Congress. Washington directed Major L'Enfant in planning the city, and finding him some- what arbitrary and refractory, he appointed Andrew Ellicott in his place. STREETS. In laying out the plan of the city, Mr. Ellicott drew a me- ridional line, by astronomical observation, through the area intended for the capital, and upon this basis laid off two sets of streets, intersecting each other at right angles, and distin- guished by letters and numbers. The streets running north and south "are numbered, and those running east and west are lettered, taking ihd Capitol as a starting-point. Avenues were then projected, cutting the streets at various angles, and PHILP & SOLOMONS, 332 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, connecting the most prominent and favorable points of the city ; the avenues intersecting each other and forming open spaces at certain points previously determined upon. These avenues are named after, and located* to correspond with, the position of the different States in the Union, and are from 130 to 160 feet wide ; the streets vary from 90 to 110 feet. Owing to the wide streets and numerous open spaces, as well as to natural salubrity, the city and District are almost entirely exempt from epidemics ; the diseases incident to com- pact and crowded cities are here scarcely known. There are very few deaths from malarious diseases, and the number of these is annually decreasing. A large proportion of the deaths amongst strangers, for which the climate of Washington is sometimes held responsible, is to be attributed to two causes — the entire change of diet and mode of life, by which the con- stitution is weakened and every lurking disease strengthened, and too frequentl}?- the casting away of the moral integrity of home, by which the same result is obtained, and the victim of unusual dissipation is charged to the account of the climate of the seat of Government. POPULATION. The population of "Washington has from year to year largely and steadily increased, until now it numbers 130,000 souls. This number is vastly increased during the sessions of Con- eress. The war wrought an important and happy change in the character of the population. Many prophesied the degeneracy and ruin of the city, but a few years have given evidence of the energy and intelligence of the new influx, ^nd the city is now on the sure road to prosperity, import- ance, and a front rank amongst tlie cities of the United States. Some suppose that Washington, or the residents of Washington, have spurned the moral laws which govern all well-ordered and Christian communities; and, by the feeblest attempts at wit ever perpetrated, have attempted to cast ridicule upon th,e mag^nificent proportons of a political GOVERNMEl^T STA1I0NEES. 37 'Capital, wliicli was designed upon a scale drawn Jrom the potential necessities of a nation whose greatness even the present generation has only faintly coaceived. It is well to bear in mind that the march of the city in. population and magnificence has kept steady lock-step with tho advance of national power and population. With regard to morals, it is not to be denied that Washington is the abode of alegion of foul vices ; but this is a matter not of reproach to its permanent residents, but of shame to every patriot, and will be cured when the People of every large city and of each remote hamlet shall have acquired a pro|3er reverenc^for their liberties, a due conviction of the sanctity of their political duties, and shall have determined to exercise a vigilant and inflexible purpose to commit their interests to none but the wisest, best, and purest of their fellow-citizens. When this shall have been attained, Washington will cease to bear an undeserved reproach, and will have less cause to regret the presence of the camp-followers of Congress. DAVID A. BXJPvFv, |aIi4itorcf |atcntf5 $: ^pm]^M atlM IIX FATEIN-T CASES. Office Up Stairs, corner of Seventh and F streets, OPPOSITE POST AND PATENT OFFICES, WASHINGTON, D. C. Patent Rights secured and defended. ^ . ., Infringements prosecuted in the United States Courts through- out the country. ^ ,. -n x * ^ Opinions given respecting the validity of Letters-Fatent, ana in all matters of Patent Law and Practice. LOCKWOOD, iiuFTY ^ Ta' DEALERS IN LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S Furnishing Goods, Gentlemen's Fine Dress Shirts ENGLISH AND PARIS HOSIERY, Ladies' and Gentlemen's Kid Gloves, SCARFS, TIES, &c. Fancy Articles and Perfumeries. No. 354 Pennsylvania Avenue, ADJOINING METROPOLITAN HOTEL, WASH3WGTOW. D. C. CONTENTS. PAGE. Approaching the City 3 Arrival, the 3 Art BuiJcling, Coreornn's 15 Agricultural Department 17 " Muyeum 17 Alms-House 18 Asylum for the Insane 19 Arsenal, Washington 20 Art Collections 25 Amusement, Places of 25 Army Medical Museum 23 Assassination of President- . Lincoln 23 Aqueduct 29 Arlington 30 " Cemetery 31 Alexandria ._. 31 Bronze Doors House of Rep- resentatives 7 Bronza Doors Senate 10 Beneath the Senate Chamber.. 10 Booth's Escape 20 Bladensburg 25 Charges, Haekmen's 39 Cars, Street 4 Capitol 4 Courtesy, Official 34 Capitol Police 7 Court of Claims 11 Court, Supreme 11 Congressional Library 11 Coast Survey 13 Coreoran's Art Buildingt 15 Columbia Armory 18 Cemetary, Congressional 19 " Glenwood 20 " Soldiers' Home 26 Oak Hill '. 28 " Arlington 31 Conspirators' Burial-Place 20 City Hall 20 Churches 23 Colleges 23 ' PAGE. Columbia Institute for Blind, &c 24 Coreoran's Farm 26 Cabin-John Bridge 30 Department, Treasury 14 War 15 Navy 15 " State 22 " Interior... Post Office 21 " Patent Office 21 Duelling-Ground, &c 25 Department Libraries 24 Equestrian Statue of Jackson.. 14 Equestrian Statue of Washing- ton 16 Electric Lighting 7 Executive Mansion 13 Etiquette and Soeiet^'- 32 Folding-Rooms 9 Foreign Legations 24 Fortitieations 26 Falls, Great 29 " Little 28 Frecdman's Village 31 Fort Washingtoiis 32 G(tvernment Printing Office.... 22 " Propagating Gardens. 18 Glenwood Cemetery 26 Georgetown 27 Haekmen's Charges 39 Health 36 Hall of Representatives, Old... 7 " , " New.. 8 House Lobby 7 Headquarters U. S. Army 16 Interviews and Receptions 13 Insane Asylum 19 Lafayette Square 14 Location of the Capitol 35 Legations, Foreign 24 Library, Congressional 11 Law 11 L. J. ROTHROCK, May Building, corner of Seventh and E Streets, OPPOSITE GENERAL POST OFFICE, DEALER IN ti^^iii^^jMl fetilflYi L2?b) WINDOW SHADES, HOLLANDS AND FIXTUKES CORDS, TASSELS, &c., &c. PICTUEE FRAMES A^B MIEEOES. ALSO A BEAUTIFUL STOCK OF Chromos, Oil Paintings, and Engravings, AND A GENERAJi VARIETY OF USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES. •Paper and Shades Hung in city or country and Pictures Framed to ordei'. JOHN T. MITCHELL, Successor to Harper & Mitchell, 312 Pennsylvania Avenue, between Ninth and Tentli Streets, DEALER IN swt§iit '^ %, LACE cxjrt^i:n-s, TABLE DAMASK, NAPKINS, TOWELING, AND ALIi KINDS OF LINEN GOODS. WASHINGTON, D. C. T. M. HARVEY'S Ladies' and Gentlemen's ALL THE DELICACIES OF THE SEASON SERVED IN THE BEST STYLE. Ample Accommodation * fop Five Hundred Guests. WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT CONSUMES FIVE HUNDRED BUSHELS OF OYSTERS DAILY. NONE BUT THE BEST ARTICLES USED. Jh'ivate Saloon Up Stairs for Ladies. 267 Penna. Avenue, corner of Eleventh Street, STEPHENS & CO., SIO JPenn, Ave,^ bet, 9th and 10th Sts., ARE NOW OFFERING GREAT BARGAINS IN READY-MADE Of Fine Quality, for Dress or Business Wear. Shirts, Undershirts, and Drawers OF ALL, KINDS. Merino and Cotton Hosiery, Scarfs, Tics, Handkercliiefs, Gloves, Collars, h. MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED MODEL SEJET, THE NEATEST FITTING GARMENT EXTANT. ALSO A FULL STOCK OF TRUNKS, YALISES, SATCHELS, &c., &c. STEPHENS &. CO., 310 Pcnna. Avenue, between 9tli and 10th Streets. ©9 ©« W1^^4M®< BIEIW H©lfi ;t®a» W)t © ,VV\^P & SOLOAfo^^ /NO CHARGE' ;~ AXD- Initials • ^^^^Wj^^J €Tf6e(o}j^s. All the New Books as soon as Published can be found on our New-Book Table. RECEPTION AND WEDDING STATIONERY IN THE MOST FASHIONABLE STYLES. Orders by Jifail for ^ooks or Btationery zuill meet with prompt attention. No. 332 Pennsylvania Avenue, WASHINGTON, D. C. •# LIBRPRY OF CONGRESS GREAT PENN^ :tBi, II 1. 1 011 180 728 # AXD SOUTHWEST. THREE THROUGH TRAIJ^^S UCA.VE WASHINGTON DASLY. TIME QUICK! CONNECTIONS StJHE! SLEEPING CARS ON ALL NIGHT TRAINS. Baggage Checked TlirougJ^^Qon Baltimore to all Principal Points West q.vA North. For reliable information and Through Tickets ap[']y at the Office of THE GREAT PENNSYLVANIA ROUTE N. E. cor. Pa. Ave. and 6tli St., under National Kotel, . ■\v^^srii:sr&T02^, d. c. The Only Eoute leaving Washington on Saturday night and running through to Points West without detention on Sunda^^ ED. S. YOUNG, V.'. J. ARNOLD, GENERAL TICKET AGENT, TICKET AGENT, Calvert Station, IJalf. Wi St. and Pa. A v , WasJrn.