F 
 
are F-lQ>^- 
 
 Book fj[ ,JJ 2- 
 
EARLY TIMES IN RALEIGH. 
 
 ADDRESSES 
 
 DELIVERED BY THE 
 
 HON. DAVID L. SWAIN, LL. D. 
 
 AT THE DEDICATION OF 
 
 TUCKER HALL, 
 
 AND ON THE OCCASION OF THE COMPLETION OF THE 
 
 MONUMENT TO 
 
 JACOB JOHNSON; 
 
 WITH 
 
 MAPS OF THE CITY OF RALEIGH, 
 
 FOR THE TEARS 1792, 1834 AND If 
 
 JOMPILED BYE. iL ^,C KE^\\^ 
 
 RALEIGH: 
 
 WALTERS, HUGHES & COMPANY, 
 
 1867. 
 
> 
 
 COPYEIGHT APPLIED FOP, 
 

 
 o 
 
 
 i k 
 
 
 

 iln-_'lii*& Coi «!>»">" 
 
•--".--• — BVa. 
 
 
 
 - I 
 
 - 
 
 "■ 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AN ADDRESS 
 
 DELIVERED AT THE OPENING OP TUCKER HALL, SATURDAY 
 EVENING-, AUG. 24TH, 1867. 
 
 There were few more exciting topics in ante-revolution- 
 ary times, than the location of the seat of government. 
 
 The first G-eneral Assembly, in relation to which we have 
 much authentic information, met at the house of Capt. 
 Richard Sanderson, on Little River in the county of Per- 
 quimons in 1715, and revised the whole body of the public 
 statute law. 
 
 The style of enactment is characteristic of the times and 
 of the Proprietary Government " Be it enacted by his Ex- 
 cellency the Palatine and the rest of the true and absolute 
 Lords Proprietors of Carolina by and with the advice and 
 consent of this present General Assembly now met at Little 
 River for the North-eastern part of this province." 
 
 From Little River, the seat of Legislation was transfer- 
 red in 1720, to the General Court House at Queen Anne's 
 Creek in Chowan Precinct, and in 1723, to Edenton. 
 
 In 1731, the Propriatory was succeeded by the Royal 
 Government, and in 1734, the legislative will assumed a 
 form of expression worthy of eastern despotism. 
 
 ; ' We pray that it may be enacted, and be it enacted by 
 his Excellency, Gabriel Johnston, Esquire, Governor by 
 and with the advice and consent of his Majesty's council 
 in the General Assembly of this Province." 
 
In 1741, the General Assembly met at Wilmington but 
 returned the following year to Edenton. From 1745 to 
 17G1 with the exception of a single session at Bath, it 
 convened at New Berne. In 1761, it met again in Wilming- 
 ton, and from that time keen rivalry was maintained 
 between New Berne and Wilmington for metropolitan dis- 
 tinction, until quieted by the act of 1766, authorizing the 
 construction of Governor Tryon's vice regal palace at 
 New Berne. This edifice completed in 1770, dedicated 
 to Sir William Draper, and the subject of his muse in an 
 attempt at Roman versification, was pronounced on good 
 authority, in 1783, superior to any structure of the kind in 
 British or South America. 
 
 During the revolution, the General Assembly met some- 
 what in accordance with the exigencies of the times, at 
 New Bern, Kinston, Halifax, Smithfield, Wake Court House, 
 Hillsboro, and Salem. 
 
 In 1782 and '83, the Legislature convened at Hillsboro r , 
 in 1784 and '85, at New Berne, in 1786 at Fayetteville, in 
 1787 at Tarboro', and in 1788 returned to Fayetteville. 
 
 In 1787, the General Assembly had resolved that it 
 " be recommended to the people of the State to authorize 
 and direct their representatives in the Convention called to 
 consider the Federal constitution to fix on the place f /br the 
 unalterable seat of Government. " 
 
 The Convention met at Hillsborough in August, 1788 r 
 and resolved that this Convention " will not fix the seat of 
 Government at one particular point, but that it shall be 
 left to the discretion of the Assembly, to ascertain the exact 
 spot, provided always, that it shall be within ten miles of 
 the plantation Avhereon Isaac Hunter now resides j in the 
 County of Wake." 
 
The following editorial article is copied from the Fayette- 
 ville Chronicle or North Carolina Gazette of the 29th of 
 November, 1790. 
 
 " On Thursday last the bill for carrying into effect the 
 Ordinance of the Convention, held at Hillsborough, in 1788, 
 for holding the future meetings of the General Assembly, 
 «&c., came before the House of Commons, when the question 
 was put, shall this bill pass ? The House divided, and there 
 appeared fifty-one for it and fifty-one against it, whereupon 
 the Speaker (Mr. Cabarrus) gave his own vote and pro- 
 nounced the passage of the bill. It was then sent to the 
 Senate, when that House divided, and there appeared an 
 equal number of votes for and against the passage of the 
 bill, whereupon the Speaker (General Lenoir) gave the 
 casting vote against its passage, and the bill was rejected." 
 
 In 1791, however, the General Assembly met at New 
 Bern, and in compliance with the positive constitutional 
 injunction passed an act to carry the Ordinance of 1788 
 into effect. The act provides that ten persons shall be 
 appointed to lay off and locate the City within ten miles 
 of the plantation of Isaac Hunter, and five persons " to 
 cause to be built and erected a State House sufficiently 
 large to accommodate with convenience both Houses of the 
 General Assembly, at an expense not to exceed ten thousand 
 pounds." ' 
 
 In the following year (1792) a majority of the Commis- 
 sioners to wit : Frederic Hargett, Willie Jones, Joseph 
 McDowell, Thomas Blount, "William Johnson Dawson and 
 James Martin met on the 4th of April, and on the following 
 day purchased of Col. Joel Lane 1,000 acres of land, and 
 laid off the plan of a City, containing 400 acres, arranged 
 in five squares of 4 acres, and 276 lots of one acre each. 
 Caswell square (the site of the Institute for the Deaf, Dumb 
 & Blind) the North-western, Burke (the site of the Raleigh 
 
6 
 
 Academy) tlic North-eastern, Nash the South-western, 
 Moore the South-eastern, and Union,, on which the State 
 House stands, the central square. 
 
 The names of the towns in the direction towards which 
 the principal streets ran, gave them their designation, and 
 the names of the Commissioners and other prominent 
 citizens were applied to the others. New Berne, Hillsboro,' 
 Halifax and Fayetteville streets were 99 and all the others 
 66 feet in width. 
 
 In December, 1794, the General Assembly met in the 
 new State House for the first time. 
 
 In 1802, an act was passed requiring the Governor to 
 reside at the seat of Government, and a plain two story 
 framed building painted white, and an office on the corner, 
 were provided on lot No. 131. This first gubernatorial 
 mansion was subsequently the residence of the late James 
 Coman. The first National Bank of North Carolina now 
 occupies the site from which the first Executive office and 
 Mr. Coman's brick store, were successively removed. 
 
 In 1813. the General Assembly appointed Henry Potter, 
 Henry Seawell, William Hinton, Nathaniel Jones, (Crab 
 Tree,) Theophilus Hunter and William Peace commissioners 
 to erect on the public lands, near the city of Raleigh, a 
 convenient and commodious dwelling house for the Gov- 
 ernor, at a cost not to exceed five thousand pounds, to be 
 derived from the sale of lots which they were authorized 
 to lay off, and from the sale of lot No. 131, referred to the 
 residence at successive periods of Governor's Turner, 
 Alexander, Williams, Stone, Smith and Hawkins. 
 
 The site selected for the new gubernatorial residence, in 
 common parlance, the palaoe, was near the terminus of 
 Fayetteville street, directly South of and fronting the 
 
capitol, and just beyond the Southern boundiy of the city. 
 The edifice was completed during Governor Miller's admin- 
 istration from 1813 to 1816 and he was the first occupant. 
 
 In 1819, Duncan Cameron, John Winslow, Joseph Gales, 
 "William Robards and Henry Potter were authorized to sell 
 all or any part of the lands purchased of Joel Lane, with 
 the exception of the Stone Quarry, in lots to suit purchasers. 
 
 The Governor was authorized from the proceeds of the 
 sale, to improve the State House under the direction of the 
 State Architect, and in conformity with a plan which he 
 had prepared and submitted to the General Assembly. 
 
 The old State House, which is believed to have been 
 constructed from the nett proceeds of the sales of City lots 
 in 1792, was described by a writer of the time as a huge 
 misshapen pile. 
 
 In form it was substantially, so far as the body of the 
 building was conceri ed, though on a smaller scale, very 
 similar to the present edifice. It was divided by broad 
 passages on the ground floor, from North to South and from 
 East to West, intersecting in the centre at right angles. 
 The offices of the Secretary, Public Treasurer and Comp- 
 troller were on the lower floor. The Senate Chamber and 
 Hall of the House of Commons, with the offices appur- 
 tenant, above as at present. The Executive office as has 
 been stated was contiguous to the palatial residence. 
 
 The passages and halls of the first State House supplied 
 all, and more than all, the accommodation to the public 
 contemplated by the founders of this less extensive, but 
 better furnished, and more finely finished edifice. Divine 
 worship on the Sabbath, balls on festive occasions, theatrical 
 representations, sleight of hand performances, and last but 
 not least, Fourth of July Orations and Fourth of July 
 
dinners, all found their places, and their votaries for a 
 time. These passages and these halls were supplied by 
 the public Treasury of the State. The Tucker Hall 
 emanates from the private exchequer of two brothers, 
 sons of a worthy father, who within the range of my 
 remembrance was a merchant of very limited capital, but 
 with a character for sobriety, integrity, industry, economy 
 and enterprise, worth more than the wealth of Croesus in 
 incompetent and untrustworthy hands. 
 
 The construction of the dome, the erection of the East 
 and West Porticoes, the additional elevation and covering 
 of stucco given to the dingy exterior walls, the improvement 
 of the interior, and especially the location of the statue of 
 Washington from the chisel of Canova, a noble specimen 
 of a noble art, commemorative of the noblest of men in 
 the rotunda at the point of intersection of the passages 
 directly under the apex of the dome, converted the renova- 
 ted Capitol into a sightly and most attractive edifice. 
 
 There were but few of the better class of travellers, who 
 did not pause on their passage through Raleigh, to behold 
 and admire it. 
 
 The improvements were designed by, and executed under 
 the supervision of Capt. William Nichols recently appointed 
 State Architect, and completed early in the summer of 
 1822. He was a skillful and experienced artist, and made 
 the public greatly his debtor a for decided impulse given to 
 architectural improvements throughout the State, in private 
 as well as in public edifices. 
 
 The white framed cottage, planned and constructed for 
 the late Moses Mordecai, just beyond the Northern boundry 
 of the City, was copied again and again in remote sections 
 of the State, and various Court Houses and other public 
 
9 
 
 structures were designed, arid in some instances erected 
 under his imnlediate supervision, as in Guilford and David- 
 son. 
 
 It was niv lot on the 21st. of June, 1831, to stand a 
 helpless spectator, when that noble edifice adorned with 
 the Statue of the father of his country, was a sheet of 
 blinding, hissing flame, and to hear amidst the almost 
 breathless silence of the stupified multitude around it, the 
 piteous exclamation of a child, "poor State House, poor 
 Statue, I so sorry." There were thousands of adults present 
 as sorrowful and as powerless as that child. 
 
 It was my lot as Chief Magistrate of the commonwealth, 
 on the fourth day of July, 1833, to lay the corner stone of 
 the present capitol, supposed on its completion, to be the 
 most magnificent structure of the kind in the Union. 
 
 It was my lot on the morning of the 13th of April, 1865, 
 as the friend and representative of Governor Vance, to find, 
 on approaching the Southern front of the capitol, the doors 
 and windows closed, and a deeper, more dreadful silence 
 shrouding the city, than during the sad catastrophe to 
 which I have referred. I met at the South front of the 
 Capitol, however, a negro servant, who waited on the 
 executive department, the only human being who had 
 dared to venture beyond his door. He delivered me the 
 keys and assisted me in opening the doors and windows of 
 the executive office, and I took my station at the entrance, 
 with a safe conduct from General Sherman in my hand, 
 prepared to surrender the Capitol at the demand of his 
 approaching forces. At that moment a band of marauders, 
 stragglers from Wheeler's retiring cavalry, dismounted at 
 the head of Payetteville street, and began to sack the 
 stores directly contiguous to and South of Dr. Haywood's 
 
10 
 
 residence. I apprised them immediately, that Sherman's 
 army was just at hand, that any show of resistance might 
 result in the destruction of the city, and urged them to 
 follow their retreating comrades. A citizen, the first I saw 
 beyond his threshhold that morning, came up at the moment 
 and united his remonstrances to mine, but all in vain, until 
 I perceived and announced that the head of Kilpatrick's 
 column was in sight. In a moment every member ot the 
 band, with the exception of their chivalric leader, was in 
 the saddle and his horse spurred to his utmost speed. 
 He drew his bridle rein, halted in the centre of the street, 
 and discharged his revolver until his stock of ammunition 
 was expended in the direction, but not in carrying distance 
 of his foe, when he too fled, but attempted to run the 
 gauntlet in vain. His life was the forfeit at a very brief 
 interval. 
 
 The remains of this bold man rest in the cemetery cov- 
 ered with garlands and bewept by beautiful maidens, little 
 aware how nearly the city may have been on the verge of 
 dev; station, and how narrowly the fairest of their number 
 may have escaped insult and death, from this rash act of 
 lawless warfare. 
 
 The bones of the old North Carolinian, the founder of 
 the city thus imperiled, moulder in the midst of other un- 
 recorded dead, beneath the shade of a mulberry on his 
 ancient domain, about as far West, as those of the young 
 Texan, East of the Capitol. 
 
 About 3 o'clock in the evening, in company with Gov- 
 ernor Graham, who had risked life and reputation in behalf 
 ofthis community to an extent, of which those who derived 
 the advantage are little aware, I delivered the keys of the 
 State House to General Sherman, at the gubernatorial 
 
11 
 
 mansion, then his head-quarters, and received his assurance 
 that the Capitol- and City should be protected, and the 
 rights of private property duly regarded. 
 
 May I be pardoned in connection with this narrative, for 
 a brief reference to an incident in my personal history, 
 illustrative of the character of one of the purest as well as 
 the wisest men I have ever known. At our first interview 
 after my election as Superior Court Judge in 1831, Mr. 
 Gaston who was then at the bar and who from our earliest 
 acquaintance, had treated me with the kindness of a father, 
 after cordial congratulations on my elevation to the bench, 
 took occasion to advise me most earnestly, never to permit 
 myself, except under an overpowering sense of public duty, 
 to be seduced into a return to political life. He said he was 
 growing old, and endeavored as much as possible to with- 
 draw attention from the threatening aspect of public affairs, 
 but there were sleepless hours when he could not avoid 
 reflection on the utter heartlessness of party politicians, 
 and the difficulty of preserving a conscience void of offence 
 when mingling in political controversies,- -that he had 
 always endeavored to place country above party, and that 
 yet, on a calm review of his whole course of life, too many 
 instances presented themselves, when he convicted himself 
 of having been influenced to an extent of which he had 
 no suspicion at the moment, by other than purely patriotic 
 considerations. In addition to all this, it had been his fate 
 on repeated occasions to be most loudly applauded for what 
 in his own conscience he regarded as least praiseworthy, and 
 to be bitterly reviled for what he considered to have been the 
 purest and most discreet acts of his public life. 
 
 I have taken pains to trace the history of the most im- 
 portant edifices from their foundation down to a period 
 
12 
 
 within the memory of many who hear me. There is a class 
 of structures so nearly public, however, that the common 
 law requires no one to knock for admission as at the door 
 of a private residence, and where others besides the immor- 
 tal Shenstone sometimes suppose they find " their warmest 
 welcome." 
 
 Cassos immediately contiguous to the State House, and 
 the Indian Queen, kept by Capt. Scott next door to the Court 
 House, were until 1812, the most noted taverns. The State 
 House bell was the only bell in the City for almost 20 
 years. 
 
 In 1809, however, there was in addition a town, court 
 house and academy bell. 
 
 The town bell was suspended at Cassos corner, and gave 
 him pre-eminence over his competitor. 
 
 And now commences a new era of city improvement. — 
 On the 1st July 1812, Charles Parish opened his new hotel 
 for the accommodation of citizens and way farers. His ad- 
 vertisement which I copy from the papers of the time, speaks 
 for itself and is an interesting announcement as a matter of 
 history. I hope he performed all the promised, though I 
 found no bathing rooms at the Eagle, ten years thereafter. 
 
 EAGLE HOTEL, RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 " Charles Parish informs his friends and the public that his tavern 
 is now open for the reception of travellers and boarders in the new 
 three story building north of the State House and fronting Union 
 Square. The house is spacious, completely finished, and well furnished, 
 and the stables equal to any. For a well supplied table (served from a 
 neat and cleanly kitchen) luxuries of the rooms, beds, attendance, &c, 
 &c, it is determined that this tavern shall excel any in the Southern 
 States." 
 
 |W° N. B. An Ice House and Bathing Rooms will be constructed 
 by next season." 
 
 The ice house and bathing rooms were probably the ear- 
 liest introduction of these luxuries among the growing 
 refinements of the city. 
 
13 
 
 This Hotel was the first brick house erected in Raleigh 
 with the exception of the State House. The old State Bank 
 was built the following year, and these with the Presbyte- 
 rian Church, the Bank of Newberne (Dr. Haywood's resi- 
 dence) both erected in 1812, Mr. Gales's printing office and 
 Comans store were in 1822, the only brick houses within 
 the limits of the city. The Palace was of brick, but was at 
 that time just beyond the southern boundary. 
 
 In 1822 Fayetteville street was lined on both sides with 
 wooden buildings ordinarily of small dimensions and mod- 
 erate value. Nearly all the stores were on that street south 
 of the State House and North of the Court House. William 
 Williams sold goods in a house of Mr. Boylan, contiguous 
 to the Book Store on the lot where the Episcopal Church 
 now stand. 
 
 Mr. Wilson, nephew of Mr. Boylan and a very intelligent 
 young man was offering the remnant of Mr. Boylan's stock 
 of books in a contiguous building. Mr. Gales's was the 
 older and more extensive, and only other book store. 
 
 The Minerva had been discontinued and the Register and 
 Star both published weekly, were the only newspapers.* 
 
 William Glenclennin, the crazy parson, who nevertheless 
 was not without method in his madness, and about whom 
 some capital stories were current, was among the early mer- 
 chants as well as William Peck andBenj. S. King (for many 
 years Clerk of Wake County Court.) 
 
 All these however had retired from business. John 
 Stuart, James Coman, the Shaws, John S. Babatau, James 
 D. Newsom successor to Southy Bond, and Alfred Jones, R. 
 and W. Harrison, Richard Smith, Benjamin B, Smith, Robert 
 Cannon, S. Birdsall and R. and W. C. Tucker, and perhaps 
 others whom I may not remember, were the principal mer- 
 
 *See Appendix No. iv. 2* 
 
14 
 
 chants. Of the whole number the proprietors of this Hall are 
 the only representatives of a mercantile house of fifty years 
 ago. Ruffln Tucker, the father of the proprietors, began life a 
 Clerk in the store of the late Southy Bond in 1815 at a salary 
 of $25 for the first, and in an increasing ratio for the two 
 succeeding years. 
 
 In 1818 in connection with his brother William C. Tucker 
 bred a printer under Col. Henderson, in the office of the 
 Raleigh Star, he opened a store with a cash capital of $125, 
 in a frame building of modest dimensions on the precise site 
 of the edifice in which we are now aseembled. This edifice 
 we now christen and dedicate to appropriate and liberal 
 purposes as Tucker Hall. 
 
 In 1828 the co-partnership of W. C. and R. Tucker was 
 dissolved by mutual consent and each brother prosecuted a 
 successful business on his own account. 
 
 In 1846 Ruffin Tucker having reaped the reward due to 
 integrity, skill and industry, found himself at the head of 
 a family consisting of a wife, one of the best of women, and 
 three sons, all of whom had received or were in pursuit of 
 Collegiate education- William H. H. Tucker having attain- 
 ed the proper age was received as a partner, and the firm 
 of R. Tucker & Son conducted their affairs with their 
 wonted success, until its dissolution by the death of the 
 v * senior partner on the 9th April 1 8B'l. On the occurence of 
 this sad event, W. H. H. Tucker united his two younger 
 brothers Rufus S. and the late Dr. J. J. W. Tucker with 
 him, the latter as a silent partner under the name of W. H. 
 & R. S. Tucker. Under this name they have continued 
 their pursuits with increasing capital and undiminished 
 energy with an unavoidable cessation of two years, during 
 the civil war. 
 
15 
 
 On the 1st July 1866, Thaddeus McG-ee the son-in-law, 
 of William C. Tucker who had managed successfully the 
 inheritance derived from his father-in-law, with the hand 
 of his daughter, was received as a partner, when the name 
 and style of this mercantile family dating back to 1815, 
 became what it is at present Yi. H. & R. S. Tucker & Co. 
 
 "William and Matthew Shaw have been mentioned among 
 the oldest merchants. The former is believed to have been 
 the first postmaster in the city. 
 
 From 1792 until the publication of the Raleigh Register 
 in the autumn of 1799 the North Carolina Journal was the 
 great advertising medium, for the portion of the State north 
 and west of Halifax.* 
 
 On the 23d Sept. 1798, William Shaw advertised for sale 
 or rent, " Three Store Houses wiiji commodious counting 
 Rooms, with fire places to each. They are in an excellent 
 stand for business, nearly central between the State House 
 and Court House, on the flourishing and beautiful street of 
 Fayctteville. The said Store houses have attached to each 
 of them a sufficient quantity of ground (now under fence) 
 for a good garden, also out houses, either for a small family, 
 or a single man who should choose to board himself." 
 
 "The number of store houses advertised to rent might in- 
 duce a belief that Raleigh is on the decline, though the 
 very reverse is the case, it having been at no period in a 
 more flourishing condition than at present. One of the said 
 stores was built about two years ago, which has never been 
 without a tenant any length of time since." 
 
 Whether the fence here alluded to was of boards or rails, 
 as well as the present number of occupants, and the value 
 of the brick edifices on the three lots in question, is a subject 
 for curious inquiry. 
 
 Of the 244 acre lots sold in 1792, there is I believe but a 
 single instance of continuous ownership or occupancy in 
 
 *See Appendix, No. IV. 
 
16 
 
 t lie family of the original purchaser. The property known 
 ay Bennehan's Grove was purchased by the late Richard 
 Bennehan in 17G2. 
 
 Conspicuous among- the merchant princes of that day, 
 were the brothers Joseph and William Peace. They occu- 
 pied, a one story frame building, perhaps 20 x 2-1, nearly 
 opposite to W, C. & R. Tucker. 
 
 The junior partner informed me many years ago, that he 
 had ordinarily purchased goods, twice a year, always for 
 cash and always at 10 per cent, discount, and that the ad- 
 vantage thus obtained over those who bought upon credit, 
 was the nucleus of the large estate he had realized. 
 
 He was kind enough in October, 1822, as soon as I was 
 able to travel, after recovering from severe illness, to drive 
 me from Raleigh to the hospitable mansion of the late Gen. 
 Calvin Jones, the present site of Wake Forest College/ 
 On the way he related various incidents in his personal 
 history, which interested me. Referring to the success of 
 an eminent lawyer and statesman, f as estimable in private 
 as distinguished in public life : he stated that that gentle- 
 man who was licenced to practice law during his minority, 
 applied to him shortly thereafter, for a suit of clothes upon 
 credit. That he had always made it a rule to meet such 
 requests with such prompt compliance as to impress the 
 applicant with a grateful sense of the confidence reposed, 
 or, with so blank a denial as to shield him from future an- 
 noyance. In this instance he admitted that he hesitated. 
 The appearance and manner of the applicant impressed 
 him most favorably, but he was very young, as well as very 
 needy, and the captain had learned from previous experience 
 that the young lawyer's prospects were a contingent re- 
 mainder, which required a particular estate, of freehold to 
 
 tTlie Hon. George E. Badger. 
 
17 
 
 support them. It afforded him great gratification to re- 
 member that his kind impulses prevailed and that he cut 
 off the goods with great seeming cheerfulness. 
 
 I had no suspicion until three months afterwards, that 
 the story could point a moral in relation to myself. At the 
 close of a casual interview, after the recovery of my health, 
 he said : " Mr. Swain, perhaps it is convenient for you to 
 pay for that suit of clothes n ow." What suit, Captain ? "The 
 suit you purchased sometime since." I replied, I never 
 bought anything of you in my life, but one bandanna 
 handkerchief, and I paid for that when I got it. He turned 
 to his book, and shewed me an account for a full suit of 
 black, dated 10th of September. " On that day Captain I 
 was sick in bed and my life dispaired of by my physicians." 
 " Oh ! I remember it was F*^,^ got the clothes." He was 
 sent for, and in reply to my inquiry whether he ever got a 
 suit of clothes for me, replied he did. "Had you any order 
 from me to do so ?" " No, sir, but you were expected to die 
 every hour, I knew you had no burial suit and thought it 
 my duty as your tailor to provide one." " Where are the 
 clothes ?" " When I found you were getting well I sold 
 them." " What right had you to consider yourself my 
 tailor ?" " I made a pair of pantaloons for you last Spring." 
 At the close of the dialogue the Captain remarked : "I claim 
 nothing from you Mr. Swain," but the tailor left the store 
 under the decided impression that his best interests would 
 be* served by a prompt settlement of the account. Had 
 I died, a punctual but not opulent father, would have paid 
 the bill upon presentation without inquiry. 
 
 With the older brother, the late Joseph Peace, I was 
 much less familiar. He was understood to possess a vein 
 of sly and quiet humor, the more effective, from the gravity 
 
18 
 
 of manner which characterized and accompanied its exhi- 
 bition. 
 
 The late William Boylan, the first editor of the Raleigh 
 Minerva, and the immediate successor of Col. Polk as presi- 
 dent of the State Bank, was a gentleman, sedate and grave 
 in manner to a degree, that to a stranger, might have been 
 taken for austerity. 
 
 Travelling from Raleigh to Pittsboro' about 1800, he 
 and Mr. Peace on reaching the election ground at Brass- 
 fields, found a multitude assembled engaged in dancing and 
 other rural sports, in the free and easy manner characteristic 
 of the time and place. 
 
 Mr. Peace was comparatively at home. Mr. Boylan 
 stood aloof, until a rowdy approached and invited him to 
 enter the ring with the dancers. On his declining, a dozen 
 came forward prepared to coerce the submission of the 
 proud aristocrat. In an instant Mr. Peace with great 
 solemnity beckoned the leader of the band aside and whis- 
 pered, " my friend be careful how you act. Bless your life, 
 that is Mr. Boylan, the man who made the Almanac and 
 can foretell eclipses and thunder storms." The reference 
 to the Almanac maker secured at-once the most deferential 
 respect for the distinguished visitor. 
 
 Mr. Boylan used to relate with great good humor, a story 
 connected with another of the oldest merchants, to whom 
 reference has been made. 
 
 The late William Glendennin resided and did business 
 during many years in the house nearly opposite the old State 
 Bank, the recent residence of Col. Wm. J. Clarke. He 
 built a meeting house at his own expense at a very early 
 period in the history of the city, and during a series of 
 years previous to the erection of any other church, minis- 
 
19 
 
 tered in his peculiar manner at his own altar, without 
 earthly fee or reward, to all who chose to hear him. His 
 deserted tabernacle was pointed out to me, when I first 
 knew Raleigh, standing a little South of the corner, at the 
 intersection of Morgan with Blount street. 
 
 I remember to have seen in my early boyhood, his auto- 
 biography, recounting numerous conflicts, spiritual and 
 physical, with the arch enemy of the human race. His 
 little volume is probably out ol print. It would be a rare 
 curiosity at the present time in many respects. 
 
 Notwithstanding these vagaries, he was shrewd and sys- 
 tematic in business, and in due time accumulated a hand- 
 some fortune for that day. His eccentricities increased 
 however to such an extent, that a guardianship became 
 necessary, and Mr. Boylan was selected as the person pos- 
 sessing the requisite nerve and tact to control and manage 
 
 him. 
 
 As soon as Glendennin was apprized of the arrangement, 
 his confidential clerk, the late Robert Harrison, was dis- 
 patched to invite Mr. Boylan to his house. When he entered, 
 Glendennin requested him to take a book from the mantle 
 piece, which proved to be the Bible and disclosed at open- 
 ing a $50 bill. " The foul fiend was here last night and 
 
 told me that he had come for the soul of old . I 
 
 obtained a year's respite for $50, and the fiend is to take 
 the money from that book at midnight.'' Glancing his eye 
 inquiringly at Mr. Boylan, " I understand that you are 
 my guardian and I wish to know how I am to act and 
 what I am to do ?" Mr. Boylan intimated that as little 
 change as possible would be made in the management of 
 his affairs. " Mr. Harrison will keep the keys, sell goods 
 and collect debts as heretofore." " Am I to be master of 
 
2o 
 
 my own house?" Certainly. " May I invite any one I 
 choose into my house ?" Oh yes, just as heretofore. "May 
 I order a man out of my house when I don't want him 
 here? No sooner had Mr. Boylan given an intimation in 
 the affirmative, than Glendennin with a frenzied glare, 
 stamping his foot and clenching his fist, cried out, " then 
 sir, get out of my house, get out of my house this instant." 
 The poor old gentleman died, in the summer of 1816, 
 leaving a very pretty property for two nieces in Scotland. 
 
 The recent abstraction of records from the executive and 
 other public offices, by persons acting under the authority 
 of the Federal Government, renders it impossible to give 
 as minute an account of an interesting event as I would 
 like to present. As I must relate the circumstances entirely 
 from memory, after the lapse of more than thirty years 
 from the time the records were at my command, allowance 
 must be made for a want of precision especially in relation 
 to dates. 
 
 During Governor Ashe's administration, embracing the 
 years 1796, '97 and '"98, it was ascertained that numerous 
 frauds had been perpetrated in the office of the Secretary 
 of State, and the offices of John and Martin Armstrong, 
 in the entry and survey of Western lands ; and active ex- 
 ertions were made to discover and arrest the offenders in 
 this State and Tennessee. It was, I think, in 1797, that a 
 confidential messenger was sent by Judges Tatom and 
 McNairy from Nashville to the Governor to warn him of 
 a conspiracy to burn the State House, in order to destroy 
 the records, the production of which, upon the trial, was 
 indispensable to the conviction of the offenders. A guard 
 was armed and stationed around the Capitol for the next 
 two months. 
 
21 
 
 The communication from Nashville, requested the Gov- 
 ernor immediately on its receipt, to erase from the dispatch 
 the name of the messenger who bore it, as any discovery 
 of his connection with it would lead to assassination. This 
 was done so carefully, as to elude every effort on my part 
 to restore and ascertain it, thirty years ago, and I have not 
 at the present moment the slightest suspicion of the agent 
 who overheard the plot of the conspirators in Knoxville, 
 and was sent from Nashville to Raleigh on this secret and 
 dangerous mission. 
 
 The earliest letter I ever saw from General Jackson was 
 in relation to this affair. With his instinctive hatred of 
 fraud,, he tendered his services to the Governor in any effort, 
 that might be necessary to-arrest the offenders who were 
 supposed to have sought refuge in the then Spanish do- 
 mains in the direction of Mobile. This letter was on file 
 in the executive office in 1835. 
 
 In 1797, according to my remembrance, on the night when 
 a ball was given at Casso's to the bridal party, very shortly 
 after the second marriage of the Public Treasurer, the fes- 
 tivities were interrupted by the hasty entrance of a servant, 
 with the information that some one was forcing an entrance 
 into the window of the office, where the trunk containing 
 the records in question were deposited. He was caught, 
 was ascertained to be the slave of one of the persons charged 
 with fraud, was convicted of burglary and executed.* 
 
 In 1799 the General Assembly passed the act directing 
 
 the Judges of the Superior Courts to meet together to settle 
 
 *"— On the 27th inst (April 1798) was executed at Kaleigh 
 pursuant to his .sentence, PM11 a mulatto man, the servant of William 
 Terrel, for robbing the Comptroller's office in the State House of sun- 
 dry trunks of papers, deposited there by order of the General Assem- 
 bly."— iV. 0. Journal, 303. 
 
22 
 
 questions of law and equity arising upon their circuits, 
 and to provide for the trial of all persons concerned in the 
 commission of frauds in the several land offices. This act 
 was carefully and skilfully drawn, consisted of fifteen sec- 
 tions, and voluminous as it was, contained more than met 
 the eye of the ordinary observer — t e germ of the present Su- 
 preme Court— notwithstanding the proviso in the closing sec- 
 tion, "that this acts shall continue in force from its commence- 
 ment only for two years, and from thence to the end of the 
 next succeeding General Assembly. " 
 
 Under the provisions of this act Col. James Glasgow, 
 the Secretary of S. ate, was indicted for a misdemeanor in 
 the fraudulent issue of land warrants. The four Judges of 
 the Superior Courts were John Haywood, Spruce Macay, 
 John Louis Taylor, Samuel Johnston. Blake Baker was 
 Attorney, and Edward Jones, Solicitor General. The latter 
 seems to have been mainly relied on to conduct the prose- 
 cution. 
 
 The commission under which the Court was held, was 
 drawn by Judge Haywood. While on his way to Raleigh 
 to meet his brother Judges, he accepted a fee of one thou- 
 sand dollars, resigned his seat upon the bench, and undertook 
 the defence of Glasgow. 
 
 There has rarely from that day to this, even after the 
 resignation of Haywood, an abler tribunal convened on any 
 occasion, or for any purpose, than that 'which tried and 
 convicted the distinguished culprit. In relation to the ad- 
 vocate, the late Judge Hall remarks in a judicial opinion 
 delivered in 1828, " I shall not treat with disrespect the 
 memory of the dead nor the pretensions of the living, when 
 I say that a greater criminal lawyer than Judge Haywood 
 
23 
 
 never sat upon the bench in North Carolina." The Gene- 
 ral Assembly in anticipation of the judgment of the court, 
 in 1799 changed the name of the county of Glasgow, erected 
 in 1791, to the county of Green. 
 
 Duncan Cameron, at the early age of twenty-three, was 
 the clerk, and immediately after the close of the trial, re- 
 ported and published, the decisions of the Court in an 
 octavo of 108 pages. As I have the only copy, I have ever 
 seen of this Brochure the earliest with the exception of 
 Martin and first Hay wood, in the entire series of North 
 Carolina reports, I give for the benefit of legal antiquarians 
 an exact copy of thetitle page: "Reports of cases determined 
 by the Judges of the Superior Courts of law and Court of 
 Equity of the State of North Carolina, at their meeting 
 on the 10th. of June, A. D., 1800, held pursuant to an 
 act of the General Assembly for settling questions of law 
 and eqnity arising on the circuit — by Duncan Cameron, 
 Attorney at law, Raleigh — from the press of Hodge & Boy- 
 Ian, printers to the State, 1800." 
 
 In 1800, an act was passed to continue in force the act of 
 1799 three years longer. The sessions of the Court by the 
 former act, were limited to ten days, they were now ex- 
 tended to fifteen days, (Sundays excepted) if the business of 
 the court should so require. The third section of the act 
 is in the following words : " And be it further enacted tbat 
 no attorney shall be allowed to speak or admitted as coun- 
 cil in the aforesaid court." The General Assembly must 
 have entertained a high opinion of the ability and purity 
 of the Bench, and serious misgivings in relation to the 
 Cunning and crafty bar of which John Hay wood was the 
 leader. 
 
21 
 
 The late Judge Hall told me that he was present .when 
 
 Joshua Williams, Senator from Buncombe, called upon 
 Governor Turner for advice in relation to the extension of 
 the lease of life to this high tribunal. The Governor urged 
 the continuance of the Court until the other offenders 
 could be arrested and tried, and the remaining questions of 
 doubt and difficulty in the law be put finally at rest. My 
 good Senator, and there were few as good men as he in 
 any age of the commonwealth, assented, under entire con- 
 viction that a little langer time was necessary to enable the 
 Judges to render the law so clear aud certain, that no per- 
 plexing questions would arise in future. He was probably 
 the more confident of a consumation so devoutly to be 
 wished, since the Court was neither to be annoyed nor 
 perplexed by the arguments of such lawyers as Haywood. 
 
 Iredell the greatest of Haywood's compeers was in his 
 grave. Moore was Iredell's successor on the Supreme 
 Court Bench of the UniTed States, and Davie had on the 
 21th. of December, 1799, been appointed Envoy Extraor- 
 dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States 
 to the French Republic as successor of Patrick Henry, who 
 had been compelled to decline on account of bodily infirm- 
 ity. 
 
 In 180-1, the Court which since 1801 had beeu styled the 
 Court of Conference, was made a Court of Record, the 
 Judges required to reduce their opinions to writing, to file 
 them " and deliver the samem'ya voce in open Court." In 
 the following year (1805) the name was changed from 
 the Court of Conference to the Supreme Court of North 
 Carolina and converted from a temporary to a permanent, 
 I hope immortal tribunal in fame as in duration. 
 
/ ~M% 
 
 t1 si - . ■ 
 
FIRST PUBLISHED IN THE YEAR 1834. 
 
 NORTH STREET. 
 
 276 
 
 Murllin 
 
 275 
 
 MjirLhn 
 
 Kl'i'.'kdl. 
 
 Th a 
 
 Cobb. 
 
 270 
 
 n... c,,i,i..- 
 
 ...1.1 Civil. 
 
 Hogg. 
 
 26!) 1 
 
 Susan S. 
 Toll-. 
 
 | 268 
 George E 
 Badger. 
 
 267 
 George E, 
 
 Badger. 
 
 LANE 
 261 
 
 II. H. 
 Coolii'. 
 
 245 
 H. h. 
 Cooke. 
 
 
 259 
 
 
 25S 
 
 
 
 Iti.0u.nl 
 
 243 
 
 % 
 B 
 
 Hogg. 
 - 242 
 
 
 
 Mrs. 
 Miller. 1 
 
 
 Gavin 
 Hogg. 
 
 
 H°;g 
 241 
 
 STREET. 
 256 
 
 Gavin 
 Hogg. 
 
 240 
 
 255 
 
 254 
 
 Bnrl; 
 
 . Square. 
 
 E.LEIG 
 
 I ACADEMV. 
 
 239 
 
 238 
 
 253 
 
 Oeorge E. 
 Badger. 
 
 252 
 
 Ul';ii>vi..1l' t 
 Society. 
 
 237 
 
 I'.eorra, K. 
 Bmlger. 
 
 236 
 
 11 Smith .V 
 Kem'K' Dc- 
 n.Vt S./y 
 
 251 
 
 Rob't Cnu. 
 
 nona Heir; 
 
 235 
 
 IM. Smith. 
 
 .1 231 
 
 230 1 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Thomas 
 
 | Oobba. 
 
 Cobbs. 
 
 | 21.3 
 
 314 1 
 
 Methodisl 
 
 Thomas ( 
 
 Church. 
 
 Cobbs. 
 
 229 
 
 Jos,:].). A 
 William 
 Pence. 
 
 ' 228 1 
 cite 
 
 213 
 
 foie|,h iV 
 Willi,.... 
 Peace. 
 
 212 
 H. H. 
 
 Cool;e 
 
 199 I 198 
 
 C. W. D. I Bernard 
 Hutching? ' Dupoy. 
 
 170 % 
 
 S J Pride. 
 
 185 
 
 184 
 
 .Rob't Can 
 
 ! Rob't Can. 
 
 non'shcii 
 
 non'a heirs 
 
 154 
 
 Public Lol 
 
 169 
 
 < .1 iJ tlvu: . 
 
 153 
 
 Ib.i/I Can 
 
 152 
 
 W H Hay 
 wood, jr. 
 
 HILLSBORO 
 
 167 1 166 
 
 JGBriggs Wm . p 
 
 .....I Wed. 1 . ^, , 
 Freeman. Clark. 
 
 151 ! 150 
 Win. F. 1 Wm. F. 
 Clarke. | Clark. 
 
 l.io 
 .1 S Rnbo 
 lean and 
 R Cannon 
 
 164 
 
 Rob't Can- 
 non and 
 |Pre». C'h. 
 
 - 
 
 149 
 
 14S 
 
 'M 
 
 Eliza 
 
 [ Eliza 
 
 
 Taylor. 
 
 ' Taylor. 
 
 
 103 
 
 147 
 m Note. 
 
 162 
 
 ow Note. 
 
 137 | 136 
 
 Nelson William] 
 Phillips. ; Clark. 
 
 121 
 Nelson 
 Phillips. 
 
 120 
 
 Tt illiam P. 
 
 135 
 
 134 
 
 Mtaah 
 
 Square. 
 
 119 
 
 118 
 
 HARUETT 
 
 133 
 Joseph ft 
 
 Wm Pence 
 
 132 
 
 n.l. Smith 
 ai.,1 Marv 
 Wheaton 
 
 117 | 116 
 Joseph A i Richard 
 
 161 
 
 tl Gorma. 
 1Y Jones 
 a Wayne. 
 
 160 
 
 din-din n 
 
 145 
 
 See Note 
 
 144 
 
 HHC.ok. 
 II Smill. a- 
 A Jones. 
 
 39 158 
 
 Ann White Ann White 
 
 143 
 James D. 
 Rovfiei'. 
 
 157 I 156 
 
 Thomas D. TkomasD, 
 
 HI 
 
 Thomas D. 
 
 j'vr.'.'h-i::. 
 
 155 
 
 C il!, °- Mille. 
 
 O* Wm. H 
 tl|Hnywood. 
 
 139 
 g[MBryd. 
 
 II Daniel 1' 
 fManli 
 
 130 
 
 ;e Note, 
 
 ! 129 
 
 j 128 
 
 
 Sally 
 
 aee Note 
 
 Mitchell. 
 
 
 
 113 
 
 112 
 
 U. S, KiUj; 
 
 B. S>. King 
 
 .t Priseilhi 
 
 
 1 B "™ 
 
 Thompson 
 
 Baptist Chinch. 
 
 127 126 
 Moore Square. 
 Ill 110 
 
 | 125 
 
 j Mary 
 | Dudley. 
 
 1 124 
 
 Wesley 
 Whilaker. 
 
 | 109 
 James G. 
 Mitchell. 
 
 108 
 
 llartwell 
 Reaves. 
 
 ...iV;.' w. 
 
 87 86 
 
 R B Smith. C. Mnlon. 
 K. Tucker R. Tuckc 
 ftDSledgo!,fcDSled» 
 
 i Buir.ii 
 
 ri.eo. Hun- 
 
 .1 lli.;!'.i,».v 
 
 Susaua 
 Blake. 
 
 E^ta.e nl 
 Willis 
 
 Rogers. 
 
 ..ml Willi.- 
 Rogers. 
 
 Samuel 
 Couch. 
 
 'i'.l 
 
 68 
 
 Joseph 
 
 Joseph 
 
 Gales. 
 
 Gales. 
 
 53 
 
 52 
 
 Joseph 
 
 William 
 
 Gales, 
 
 Ashley. 
 
 ,. M'Gi.lVi 
 
 S M Jctei 
 
 J Bell, 
 
 
 66 
 
 ILIt,,|,'„,r,| 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 50 
 
 W 
 
 Win. H. 
 
 3 
 
 Haywood. 
 
 25 
 
 Robert 
 
 Willi,,,,.-. 
 
 40 
 Heirs of 
 Robert 
 Williams 
 
 Robert 
 
 Willi -. 
 
 39 
 
 Heirs of 
 Robert 
 Williams. 
 
 38 
 
 Joseph 
 
 23 
 
 Ruffin 
 Tucker. 
 
 22 
 
 Eleanor 
 Haywood. 
 
 10 
 Foster** 
 
 9 
 
 Fosli-r'.s 
 
 8 
 
 Henry 
 German. 
 
 Henry 
 
 SOUTH STREET. 
 
 65 | 64 
 
 Ann Clark ft 
 Cl.rislo- 
 Pnlliam. j „,„,„ 
 
 49 i 48 
 
 Ann , Ann 
 
 Pulliam. i Piilliam. 
 
 STREET. 
 
 33 | 32 
 
 Priscilla 
 
 Priscilla 
 
 Shaw. 
 
 Shnw. 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 Priscilla 
 
 Priscilla 
 
 Shnw. 
 
 Shaw. 
 
 STRB-KT. 
 
 4 ) 3 
 
 
 and Rev. and W, 
 
 Daniel |MTIu 
 
 63 
 
 Neill 
 
 62 1 
 
 S. ['ulliain 
 
 47 
 
 W. Brown. j 
 
 ~ 46 
 
 Sally 
 
 William | 
 
 Moses. 
 
 Cbftvis, : 
 
 Heirs of John O. 
 Hen. Lane. Rorke. 
 
 45 
 ,1 Comptoni N 
 
 i'V 
 
 Small. 
 
 and Na.irv ; 
 
 Small Small. 
 
 43 
 
 Edward 
 
 Priscilla Prisrllla 
 
 29 ! 21 
 William H William II 
 Hnywood. Haywood. 
 
 13 j 1 
 
 William H William 11 
 Uayw.od. Haywood. 
 
 
 27 
 
 Vn 
 
 I'li'-i'tl't 
 
 
 11 
 
 H 
 
 Hollo- 
 
 
 
 123 
 
 
 Johnson 
 
 
 Busbee. 
 
 1-3 9 
 
 h 08! 
 
 - M 
 
 h yjr 
 
 107 
 
 Dirk 
 
 bindemnn. 
 
 
 IP 
 
 wl-crn, Hillsborough Halifax : 
 
 i-l Fayetteville Streets arc ninety-nmc feet wide; theoth?rs sixty-six. Ea:li Lot contains < 
 
 : of land. 
 
 I S. Demolt. Frances Mnrdej, Matthew Shaw . nd Priscilla El.aw. Lot 129. Ficldin- Boasly, Snllv Mitchell, John O. Etoi 
 
 se, Richard Roberts, Lewis Hnlk.ma, i Richard Sni.h, K.lat,, of J,, hn I'. St-adaum. [ienjiimiii 11. Smith, Priscilla Shaw, Willi,,, 
 
 NOTE. -Lot 114, Hcnrv II. Cannon, Beverly Daniel Dunn it Li-., 
 Holleman. Lol 180, Wm. i Clark, II. II. Co.. ke. .'.,!, -h M.I J.,hnl'r'i 
 
 hv",'" 1 ' :\;'l• v ;!a l :^-:I,! i ; yv r;;'U , 1 '^.';^fi' , ''; c, v-'^'^ , r : '■ : ' l!:i ^^ J ^ vh^k^:;;^:. v: r ,'^. «: :' : '.'.:: , ; , :. , . , - J .:;:;H;: , v ; , : lt i:;:. ii;;i;.ni ;<;;,;'.!;•:;,.:.:;:;;;, j;,;;;-'^ 
 
 „",; .j ,,: . , '■'■'■ ; , ; ; "' I";. 1 ",';;'"' , l "'" |: " I:: r :,l - J " l » s ''" i T h '- v ' ■'"■^"•- L.HUi ...ukF,,.,.,, I .: Hi,.m Peiw, It Smith ,nd Henry iTnri'CD, 
 
 Be,na,dllui,., : ,,ll,,_ a I „„.,,.. .-.,, S | o I. II ,,,. ln.„, M ,j.,:, .,111 1,!,,, Lot 103, Laurence .t L,„,ay, Jose,,., ami Urn. p .... -. K.I,.,. ,^v , ;,, ir„, c. Tucker, Baffin Tucker, Newl nBank 
 
 jin. 1.1.., II ill. Ui'\ i in:, 1 . 1 [I'.'Viv-ii... i-,. | , I ,i: ,, h :i,M .Slutu B:lli'.. 
 
 :unl Hi.ili'.Tt Cannon's 
 
 Printed by "Walters, Hughes* Company, Raleigh, N. C. 
 
^LfjKK 
 
 c« 
 
 J. 
 tib 
 
 tl 
 c 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 i 'J 
 
25 
 
 The Senator from Buncombe, and the great Advocate 
 Haywood, removed to Tennessee no great while afterwards. 
 The former lived long enough in the midst of the legal 
 strife which abounded in that young and rising common- 
 wealth to find that the end of controversy like the end of 
 the Rainbow was not easily reached, and the latter to reap 
 golden harvests of fame and fortune from " the glorious 
 uncertainty of the common law." When I first saw the 
 Supreme Court in session in June, 1822, Chief Justice Tay- 
 lor, the Mansfield of North Carolina jurisprudence, — Judge 
 Hall proverbial for integrity, amiability and sound common 
 sense, and Judge Henderson, who in genius, judgment and 
 power of fascination in social intercourse, was without his 
 peer, were the three Judges. William Drew standing on 
 the thin partition which divides great wit and frenzy, was 
 the Attorney General. Francis L. Hawks who had not yet 
 attained the 25th year of his age, had already given favor- 
 able promise of future eminence as a member of the New- 
 berne bar, and the representative of that town in the General 
 Assembly, was the reporter. He was destined however to 
 a much wider celebrity in a very different sphere, and for 
 many years previous to his death, as a brilliant writer and 
 eloquent speaker, had a? higher trans-atlantic reputation 
 than any other American divine. 
 
 The bar in attendance in those days was much less 
 numerous than at present. He was a young man of rare 
 self-complacency, who would imperil a rising reputation in 
 a contest with the sages of the profession before that tribu- 
 nal. I well remember the remark of a gentleman, second 
 as an advocate in the Superior Courts to no one of his 
 contemporaries, that he never rose in the Supreme Court 
 
 3* 
 
26 
 
 •without trembling, and never ventured to do more than 
 simply to suggest the principles, and give the names of the 
 eases and authorities upon which lie relied.* 
 
 Of those in attendance, Gaston from the East, was facile 
 princeps, Archibald Henderson, probabiy the most eloquent 
 and successful advocate in criminal defences, who ever 
 appeared at the bar in North Carolina, was the great repre- 
 sentative of the middle, and Joseph Wilson of the extreme 
 West, Judge Murphy and Judge Ruffin represented Hills- 
 borough, and Judge Seawell, Gavin Hogg and Moses 
 Mordecai the Raleigh circuit. Mr. Badger was just attaining 
 the fulness of fame while the youngest of the Superior 
 Court Judges, and Peter Browne the head of the bar before 
 Mr. Gaston assumed his position, was deciding cases with 
 unprecedented facility and dispatch as Chairman of Wake 
 
 County Court. 
 
 Mr.Devereux was the District Attorney for the United 
 States. James F. Taylor with the most brilliant prospects, 
 died six years afterwards, Attorney General of North 
 Carolina at the early age of 37. 
 
 With the present organization of the Supreme Court, in 
 January, 1819, commenced a gradual change in the length 
 of time consumed in the management of causes, in that 
 and the subordinate tribunals which continues to increase 
 in an accelerating ratio, and which ought to be diminished. 
 
 The act of 1799 limited the sessions of the Court of Con- 
 ference to ten days, the act of 1800 extended them to fifteen 
 days exclusive of Sundays. At one time, as we have Been, 
 no arguments were allowed, and throughout the entire 
 existence of the Court discussions were of necessity com- 
 mendably brief. 
 
 *The late Joseph Wilson, Solicitor, for many years of tlie sixth Ju- 
 dicial Circuit. 
 
27 
 
 Peter Browne with an ample fortune and very high, 
 reputation, relinquished his professional pursuits at the 
 comparatively early age of fifty-five. Selling the Lane 
 residence, and his well selected library to his friend Mr. 
 Boylan, in the summer of 1818, he returned to Scotland to 
 spend the evening of bis life amidst the romantic scenes of 
 his native country. An absence of three years proved 
 that the ties which bound him to Ealeigh were stronger 
 than to his birth place. He came back and resided here 
 until hi* death in November, 1832. In 1821, he accepted 
 the appointment of Justice of the Peace, and was during 
 several years Chairman of Wake County Court 
 
 I remember to have heard him complain of the dilatory 
 proceedings of the Courts, and especially of the time law- 
 yers were permitted to consume in argument, as a grievous 
 innovation on ancient usages and to asseverate most solemn- 
 ly that there was one Court in North Carolina where no 
 such indulgence would be allowed. All who remember 
 his administration, will admit that few and brief were the 
 arguments heard in Wake County Court in his &&y. 
 
 My professional experience of ten years, eight at the bar, 
 and. two upon the bench, ^closed in December 1832. During 
 this period I rode the Morganton, Hillsborough, Raleigh 
 and Edenton circuits, and met at intervals nearly every em- 
 inent lawyer in the State. I can recall no instance when 
 more than a day was occupied with the trial of a cause. 
 
 Judge Cameron the immediate successor of Mr. Browne 
 as President of the State Bank was during the last twenty 
 years of his life a citizen of Raleigh. He came to the bar 
 at the age of 21 in 1798, was appointed Judge in February 
 1814., resigned December 1810, engaged immediately in 
 
28 
 
 agricultural pursuits, and the performance of all the duties 
 which properly devolve on eminent citizens in private life, 
 and pre-eminently among these was the discharge of the 
 duties of Presiding Magistrate of the County Court of 
 Orange. 
 
 He had not attained his fortieth year when he retired 
 from the bench of the Superior Court. 
 
 During the fifteen years that he practiced law, his pro- 
 fessional emoluments were probably greater than fell to the 
 lot of any other North Carolina lawyer, at so early a period 
 of life, and to none were honors and emoluments more 
 justly awarded. 
 
 Mr. Badger alike eminent as a jurist and a statesman, 
 following in the wake of Mr. Browne, was during a series 
 of years Chairman in Wake, and Chief Justice Iiuffin, (a 
 citizen of Raleigh from 1828 to 1834,) simultaneously with 
 Mr. Badger's services here, was Chairman of the County 
 Court of Alamance. 
 
 Of the eminent lawyers who have appeared at our bar 
 during the present century, to no one living or dead, has 
 greater length of days, crowned by more brilliant success 
 in all the walks of life, been accorded, than to the four great 
 men who closed their professional career by the gratuitous, 
 graceful, able and impartial discharge of the important 
 duties pertaining to the office of Justice of the Peace. 
 
 While I can make no positive averment, I am very con- 
 fident in the opinion that during the time that Judges Bad- 
 ger, Cameron and Ruffin presided on the Superior and 
 County Court bench, no case tried before them ever occupi- 
 ed more than a single day. 
 
 Mr Browne, as appears from the grave-yard record,. 
 
29 
 
 diid at the age of 67. Mr. Badger had entered upon his 
 seventy-second and Judge Cameron his seventy -sixth year. 
 Chief Justice Puffin in the possession of unimpared intel- 
 lectual strength, is an octogenarian. 
 
 In 1806, five years after the conviction of Glasgow, the 
 great case of Lord Granville's heirs, versus, Gov. Davie and 
 others, which threatened a more extensive confiscation than 
 that menaced in our time, was argued before the Federal 
 Court in this city by Gaston and Harris for the Plaintiff, 
 and Cameron, Woods and Baker for the State of North 
 Carolina. Potter, District Judge, charged the Jury: Mar- 
 shall, Chief Justice, from personal considerations, peremp- 
 torily declining to sit upon the trial. 
 
 Of this case involving most intricate legal questions, and 
 the title to property of greater value than any other ever 
 litigated before an American tribunal, I eannot speak 
 without entering into details, requiring more time than the 
 patience of the audience would tolerate. 
 
 Marshall is the only revolutionary Titan I have ever 
 seen. With fair opportunities to judge of him as he ap- 
 peared upon the bench, and in social intercourse sixteen 
 years afterwards, I can pronounce with emphasis, that I 
 never expect to look upon, his like again. 
 
 The Governor, the Public Treasurer, the Comptroller, and 
 Secretary of State, all the Judges of the Supreme and Superior 
 Courts, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United- 
 States, and the District Judge of North Carolina, with their 
 clerks and marshalls, and all the members of the bar 
 chronicled as in attendance upon both courts in May and 
 June, 1822, with the exception of Judge Puffin and Mr. 
 Devereux have passed to that bourne from whence no 
 traveller returns., 
 
30 
 
 I sometimes feel apprehensive that I will become old 
 myself before a great while, when my memory recurs to 
 the time when the Chief Justice was one of the promising 
 young men of my day. In 1822, when a student in Chief 
 Justice Taylor's office, occupied by Mr. Gaston during the 
 sessions of the Federal and Supreme Courts, Ithiel Town, 
 the architect who planned the present Capitol, and who 
 had an important suit pending in the Federal Court against 
 the Clarendon Bridge Company, inquired of Mr. Gaston 
 whether Mr. Ruffin would be acceptable to him as associate 
 council. He replied: " No one more so, Mr. Ruffin is a 
 very promising young man, and if he lives ten years longer 
 will be at the head of the profession." The prediction was 
 fully verified at an earlier date. 
 
 My young friend, Gov. Manly with his young wife, was 
 at this era in their very hey-day of connubial existence, and 
 I a boy, peering at them as they passed with almost awfnl 
 admiration and reverence. 
 
 The senior partner in the proprietorship of this Hall, 
 who ought in my opinion long since to have been the part- 
 ner of somebody else, must pardon me for intimating that 
 it is high time that the authors of historical discourses were 
 returning to the style of writing adopted by the Father of 
 History. Rarely since the completion of the Pentateuch 
 has full historic justice been meted out to woman. 
 
 The character of the great father is not more fully and 
 clearly delineated by Moses than that of the baeutiful 
 mother of the human race. The termagant Sarah received 
 quite as much attention as the father of the faithful. Hagar 
 is the heroine of an episode, the most beautiful in the annals 
 of history, with the single exception of the narrative of the- 
 
31 
 
 maternal tenderness of Naomi and the filial love and devo- 
 tion of Ruth, the fascinating little widow, whose charms diss- 
 olved the obdurate celibacy of the sage, opulent and stately 
 Boaz. Th'~ crafty and managing Rebecca is finely contrasted 
 with the confiding Isaac, and the beautiful Rachel from the 
 moment that Jacob gave his first kiss u and lifted up his 
 voice and wept," as a bride and a mother with Joseph at 
 her side in his little coat of many colors and his stainless 
 virtue, constitutes in life and in death, the most charming 
 picture on the historical canvass of any age or country. 
 
 Why are not similar pictures presented in modern times ! 
 Moses was inspired. Subjects are not wanting worthy of 
 historic inspiration. Has an abler monarch than Elizabeth, 
 or a more estimable sovereign than Yictoria ever given 
 character and strength and grace to the British throne ? 
 Was " the man of destiny" superior to Josephine? Is the 
 Empress of France inferior to Napoleon the Third ? 
 
 W^e are told that the heroic Wolf while passing down the 
 St. Lawrence on his way to glory and the grave, closed the 
 recitation, of the inimitable " elegy on a country church 
 yard," with the remark that he would gladly exchange all 
 the renown he had acquired or hoped to achieve for the 
 fame of the authorship f of those verses, and yet Gray 
 makes no reference to the spot where all the mothers of the 
 hamlet sleep. 
 
 I have recently wandered through your cemetery, pausing 
 and lingering here and there, at the tombs of familiar 
 acquaintances and intimate friends, ;.nd realized the truth, 
 that if I could summon the departed around me, I would 
 stand in the midst of more numerous friends than I meet 
 at the present day in the crowded streets of your living 
 city. 
 
32 
 
 I trust I shall be suspected of no want of gallantry to 
 the living if I venture to intimate that among the nymphs 
 that illuminate the page of memory and imagination, I 
 find pictures of beauty and grace and refinement quite 
 equal to the best specimens of modern times, or even in 
 poetic hallucination, " some brighter days than modern 
 days, some fairer maids than living maids." 
 
 Capt. Peace reposes by the side of his aged brother 
 without as yet a stone to tell his name. He was I suppose 
 at the time of his death, the oldest citizen of Raleigh, as 
 well as the oldest man who has passed from the living city, 
 to the city of the dead. 
 
 I have never yet met with a man whom I supposed to be 
 a hundred years old. Various colored persons have repre- 
 sented themselves of greater age, but their computations 
 would not bear scrutiny. The late William Henry Haywood, 
 the elder, died at the age of 87, and Mrs. Haywood in J||r 
 90th. year. The honored name of their only son, the rate 
 Senator in r Congress, was given at the baptismal font to the 
 senior proprietor of the Hall, in admiration of early promise 
 by a discerning father. The suit of clothes presented to the 
 child by the Senator in acknowledgment of the compliment, 
 is in a state of perfect preservation, and will be kept as an 
 interesting illustration of the habits and customs of other 
 days. We are to be instructed by grave lectures in every 
 department of science and art; shall we not have a minature 
 museum, a portrait gallery and a niche for the preservation 
 of specimens of the antique, among which the best bib and 
 tucker of earlier times may find an appropriate place ? 
 
 John Rex was one of the earliest citizens of Raleigh. My 
 acquaintance with him was slight. In appearance he 
 
33 
 
 was said to bear striking resemblance to John Quincj 
 Adams. He was a grave, sedate, quiet, retiring, modest 
 man, not unlike in character to his worthy contemporary 
 "William Peck. By long years of industry, economy and 
 thrift in the management of the first tannery established in 
 .Raleigh at the Rex's spring, near the rail-way station, he 
 accumulated a handsome estate, and like Mr. Peace, atoned 
 for his failure to build up a family, by a liberal provision for 
 the children of misfortune and want. cHe manumitted all 
 his slaves at the close of life, and bequeathed the remainder 
 of his estate to the endowment of a hospital, the construc- 
 tion of which is understood to be in early prospect. 
 
 The Rex Hospital and Peace Institute, the latter far 
 advanced towards completion, will constitute the appropri- 
 ate and enduring monuments of these public benefactors. 
 Mr. Eex died 29th. of January, 1839, aged 74 years. 
 
 As scant justice is done to the memory of the ladies who 
 repose in the cemetery as is accorded to their sex on the 
 page of modern history. The memorials are few, and the in- 
 formation given comparatively meager. 
 
 Of the 89 Counties in North Carolina, nearly all perpet- 
 uate the names of men.* Two only, Wake and Jones, are 
 graced with the maiden names of women, the wives of 
 Governor Tryon and Governor Nash. Tennessee has done 
 better. William Blount, appointed by Governor Caswell to 
 succeed him in the Convention which framed the Federal 
 constitution in 1787, was the first Governor of the South- 
 Western Territory, and one of the first Senators in Congress 
 from Tennessee. He was born in Beaufort County, and mar- 
 ried Mary Grainger of New Hanover. Their names are as 
 intimately interwoven in history as their hearts and hands in 
 
34 
 
 wedlock. Wo find upon the map of that State, Mary ville, 
 in Blount County, and Blountsville in Grainger County. 
 
 There are not less significant indications of the want of 
 liberality from the sterner toward the gentler sex. Four- 
 fifths of the wills that I have had occasion to construe, 
 give to the dear wife a portion oi the estate pared down 
 to the narrowest limit that the law will allow, " during life 
 or widowhood." So universal and inveterate is this 
 phraseology, that a somewhat famous parson in the County 
 of Gates, some years ago, at the funeral of the husband, 
 poured forth a most fervent supplication, that the bereaved 
 wife might " be blessed in her basket and her store during 
 life or widowhood." 
 
 I know but a single instance, the will of a distinguished 
 American statesman, Gouvemeur Morris, which provides a 
 largely increased annuity to the widow in case of a second 
 
 marriage. 
 
 The stone which stands nearest, in the cemetery, to the 
 monument of Jacob Johnson informs us that Thomas Sam- 
 borne died on the 4th, of December, 1807. He was an 
 Englishman, and the first instructor in music and the kindred 
 arts in Raleigh. A day or two before his death he received 
 two pianos manufactured in London, ordered one for the 
 late Joseph Gales, the other for the late AVilliam White. 
 The latter is still in lialeigh, and deserves a place in the 
 Tucker Museum. 
 
 Jacob Marling was the first portrait and landscape painter, 
 and various specimens of his art are now extant, among 
 others a picture of the State House as it was anterior to the 
 fire of 1831. It graces the parlor of Dr. F. J. Haywood. 
 
 Sixty years upon this evidence carries us back to the date 
 of the earliest cultivation of these arts in Raleigh. Most 
 
o5 
 
 of what in the nomenclature of the present day, are termed 
 the ornamental branches of education, can claim no earlier 
 origin. 
 
 It is an interesting inquiry what constituted, and what was- 
 the comparative value of the education of our mothers. 
 
 The curriculum i& more extended now, but was not the 
 knowledge of the few branches to which attention was 
 directed more thorough then ? Take the specimen I have 
 before me now, in the well know hand writing of the late 
 Mrs. Winifred Gales, observe the penmanship, the spellings 
 the punctuation, the diction. Examine the sixteen signa- 
 tures appended, and perhaps if you shall be disposed to 
 turn out to-morrow in quest of the lady who can prepare, 
 and sixteen others who can affix such signatures, to such a 
 testimonial of affection for science and the arts, it may be 
 prudent to make some inquiries in advance, instead of 
 risking random applications. It bears date ISTovember 29th, 
 1802. Allow me to read it : 
 
 " TO THE REV. JOSEPH CALPWELL, PRESIDING PROFESSOR AT 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Sir: — The ladies of Raleigh learning that the globes 
 belonging to the University, are too much defaced to be use- 
 ful, respectfully present the Institution with a new pair, 
 twelve inches in diameter, with the latest discoveries, with 
 a compass, which they entreat you Sir, to present in their 
 name. 
 
 Sensible of the literary advantage^, which the rising 
 generation will derive from this valuable Seminary of 
 learning, they beg leave to express their affectionate wishes, 
 that it may continue to advance in the estimation of the 
 public, as well from the ability of the Professors, as the 
 
86 
 
 acquirements of the students, who, bringing into public life, 
 the knowledge and experience they have there imbibed, 
 may at once be a credit to the State of North Carolina, a 
 crown of honor to their parents, and a blessing to them- 
 selves. 
 
 May the past present and the future students distinguish 
 themselves in society, no less by their literary attainments, 
 than by a virtuous course of conduct, which giving addi- 
 tional lustre to talents, will render them at once useful and 
 honorable members of society. 
 
 We are with great respect, your obedient servants, 
 S. W. Potter, Margarett Casso, E. H. P. Smith, 
 
 Eliza E. Haywood, Eliza Williams, Nancy Haywood, 
 Sarah Polk, Nancy Bond, Priscilla Shaw, 
 
 Anna White, Hannah Paddisson Itebecea Williams, 
 
 Martha McKeethen, Susanna Parish, Winifred Mears, 
 Ann O'Bryan. 
 
 Most of the signers were alive twenty years thereafter, 
 and some of them familiarly known to me. 
 
 Examine the chirography of the first four names and 
 trace their history. Is it certain that any four gentlemen 
 in this city, rendered more substantial services to the com- 
 munity than Mrs. Gales, Mrs. Potter, Mrs. Polk and Mrs. 
 E. E. Haywood in their several spheres, with their several 
 opportunities. 
 
 The name of Fanny Devereux then of Newbern, subse- 
 quently for many years of Raleigh, is appended to a similar 
 paper from Newberne of just a year later date. Who 
 founded and fostered during many years the Benevolent 
 Society ? Who originated the now forgotton Lancastrian 
 school, which in the changed condition of society ought to 
 be revived ? 
 
37 
 
 Mrs. Polk first suggested the Experimental Rail Eoad,f 
 on which all the stone for the construction of the i apitol 
 was transported from the quarry, and afforded ocular dem- 
 onstration to the General Assembly of what might be done 
 on a larger scale of operation. 
 
 Mrs. Devereux was the lineal descendant of Thomas 
 Pollock, President of the Council and virtually the Govern- 
 or of Albemarle in 1712 and again in 1724, and in the 
 maternal line of the great American metaphysician Johna- 
 than Edwards. 
 
 I saw her first in my native village fifty years ago, en- 
 gaged in the distribution of Religious tracts and similar 
 acts of beneficence and mercy, and know that a true 
 history of her life would be a continuous narrative of 
 charitable deeds. 
 
 The parsonage connected with the Presbyterian Church 
 in this place is an instance and illustration familiar to all 
 of you. She went about doing good. 
 
 Her youngest child and only daughter, Mrs. Fanny Polk, 
 is the widow of Lieut. Gen. Polk, whose history I have 
 recently had occasion to trace in connection with that of the 
 President of the United States. Mrs. Polk in the 
 mysterious dispensations of Providence, like Mrs. Governor 
 Alston, the accomplished sister of the late James L. Petti- 
 grew of Charleston, bereft of fortune, bereft of those dearer 
 than life, retired not as in mediaeval times to a convent, 
 bus assumed the most useful and honorable of stations, the 
 headship of a Literary Institution of established reputation. 
 
 1 must not close this historical summary of noble deeds 
 
 fThe first specimen of a railroad in North Carolina, and of which 
 Capt. D. H. Bingham, subsequently of Alabama, was the engineer. 
 
 4= 
 
38 
 
 by noble women without a reference to the noblest charity 
 of the city and the State, the Dix Hill Hospital, and a 
 distinct and grateful admission of the truth, that we are in- 
 debted for it, more than to any other cause, to the inspira- 
 tion of a lady from another and distant State. 
 
 Citizens of Raxeigh — It has been well said that they 
 who have no reverence and affection for the memory of their 
 ancestors can make no just claim to the remembrance of 
 posterity, and that history is philosophy teaching by exam- 
 ple. 
 
 The following narrative of the celebration of the Thirty- 
 third anniversary of American Independence, is from the 
 pen of General Calvin Jones, one of the most useful men of 
 his day. A careful examination of all the details will pre 
 sent to the mind a more life-like picture of what your city 
 was in all the aspects of society in 1809 than can pobsibly 
 be produced by the most elaborate attempt at description 
 by a modern pen. Compare and contrast it with the scenes 
 exhibited and the events which occurred on an anniversary 
 fifty-eight years thereafter, and in due time make suitable 
 preparation for the proper observance of a day still dear to 
 every patriotic bosom. The proprietors of this Hall will 
 most cheerfully open it for the purpose of reviving an old 
 and inaugurating a new era in the history of the city. 
 
 " The Thirty-third anniversary of American Indepen- 
 dence was celebrated in this city in the usual manner on 
 the 4th inst. At 12 o'clock a procession of citizens and 
 strangers with Capt. Willie Jones' troop of Cavalry at the 
 head, formed at the Court House — agreeably to previous 
 arrangements, and directed by Capt. Scott, proceeded up 
 Fayetteville street to the State House, during the ringing of 
 
39 
 
 the State House, Court House, Academy and Tow.i bells 
 and firing of cannon. Being seated in the Common's 
 Chamber, an ode in honor of the day, composed for the oc- 
 casion, was sung by a choir of about 70 voices, conducted 
 by Mr. Seward, accompanied by a band of instrumental 
 music." 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Turner then rose and delivered an oration 
 of the merits of which we shall at present forbear to speak as 
 we intend to solicit a copy lor publication, and hope in our 
 next to be able to present it as a very acceptable treat to 
 our readers. At the conclusion another patriotic ode was 
 sung." 
 
 " At 3 o'clock the company sat down to an excellent 
 dinner prepared by Mr. Casso at the State House, at which 
 Col. Polk and Judge Potter presided. Seventeen appro- 
 priate toasts were drunk, among which we note the follow- 
 ing. 'The President of the United States may his admin- 
 istration close as it has commenced, with the applause and 
 general approbation of the people. 
 
 "George Washington the hero, patriot, statesman, friend 
 and father of his country, the memory of his inestimable 
 worth and services will never cease to be revered by the 
 American people." 
 
 "Literature the arts and sciences the precursors of national 
 greatness and universal happiness." 
 
 "The University of ISForth Carolina^may thepeople see and 
 fully understand the great interest they have in this Insti- 
 tution, and before it is too late duly foster and endow it." 
 
 "The constitution of North Carolina, the happy, wise and 
 revered work of our ancestors, long may it remain sacred 
 and inviolate." 
 
40 
 
 "The social circles of life, may no discordant interests or 
 variant opinions be suffered to destroy their harmony."' 
 
 The Supreme Court of the State being in session, the 
 celebration was honored with the presence of the Judges, 
 gentlemen of the bar and many other characters of respec- 
 tability from almost every part of the State. 
 
 " In the evening a ball was given to the ladies." 
 
 " In the morning Mr. James J. McKay a student of the 
 Academy delivered by appointment of the Polemic Society, 
 before the students and a number of citizens, an oration 
 which we are informed was a classic and eloquent composi- 
 tion, and was delivered in a manner that did honor to the 
 taste and talents of the youthful orator."* 
 
 Of all the joyous throng that crowded these streets at that 
 national jubilee fifty-eight years ago, whose bosoms thrilled 
 responsive to the patriotic sentiments of the orator of the 
 day, or who gathered round the festive board, — of all the 
 gallant men and beautiful women who united in the exult- 
 ant song or chased the flying hours io that evening's dance, 
 there is probably not one present now, not one to con- 
 trast the spectacle then presented of a great free, united and 
 happy people, with their discordant, dissevered relations in 
 1867. 
 
 " A King sat on bis rocky throne 
 Which looked on sea-born Salamis, 
 
 *Gen. McRay was born in Bladen County in 1793. He was a suc- 
 cesstul lawyer, an opulent planter, a conspicuous senator from Bladen 
 at intervals from 1815 to 1831, a member of the House of Representa- 
 tives in the Congress of the United States from 1831 to 1849 and 
 during several sessions the able and indefatigable chairman of the 
 committee of Ways and Means. See 2nd, Wheeler's Historical 
 Sketches, p 43. 
 
41 
 
 And ships by thousands lay below 
 
 An3 men in nations ; — all were his ! 
 He counted them at break of day — , 
 
 And when the sun set, where were they ? 
 
 And where are they — and where ait thou 
 
 My country ? On thy voiceless shore, 
 The statesman's tongue is silent now, 
 
 The heroic bosom beats no more !" 
 
 Let us hope that when we meet here on the 4th July 
 1868, Southern voices will again have been heard in the 
 halls of Congress, and that millions of Southern hearts, as in 
 former days, will be prepared to respond "Liberty and Union, 
 now and forever, o$te s and inseparable." 
 
ADDRESS 
 
 DELIVERED ON 
 
 TUESDAY the Uh of JUNE, 1867, 
 
 ERECTION OF THE MONUMENT 
 
 TO 
 
 JACOB JOHNSON. 
 
 IN THE 
 
 BALEIGH CEMETERY 
 
DELIVERED ON THE OCCASION OF THE COM- 
 PLETION OF THE MONUMENT TO THE MEM- 
 ORY OF JACOB JOHNSON, FATHER OF PRES- 
 IDENT JOHNSON. 
 
 The County of Wake, erected in 1772, perpetuates the 
 maiden name of the amiable and accomplished wife of 
 Governor Tryon. The County of Tryon was established 
 the preceding year, and became, ten years thereafter, the 
 enduring memorial of the revolutionary General Lincoln. 
 The name of Tryon has been expunged from the map of 
 the State, but not from the memories of men. The unen- 
 viable fame of the royal Governor, and the good name of 
 Lady Wake, uneffaced and ineffaceable by the tide of revo- 
 lution, are alike immortal. 
 
 The city of Raleigh is the beautiful and appropriate 
 monument erected by the new, to one of the most illustri- 
 ous political martyrs of the old world, and by North Car- 
 olina to the author of the first attempt at colonization 
 within her borders. 
 
 On the fourth of April, 1792, Colonel Joel Lane convey- 
 ed to the State one thousand acres of land immediately 
 contiguous to his residence at Wake Court House. 
 Four hundred acres were divided into 176 lots and five 
 squares. Union, on which the State House stands, is the 
 central square. The other four bear the names of four dis- 
 
tinguished revolutionary soldiers and statesmen, Caswell, 
 Burke, Nash and Moore 
 
 The position of Colonel Lane in the society of that day, 
 and as the founder of the city, will justify a somewhat par- 
 ticular reference to his personal history. He was one of 
 three brothers, Joel, Joseph and Jesse, who removed from 
 the vicinity of Halifax, on the Roanoke, more than a hun- 
 dred years ago, to the comparative wilderness in Johnston 
 County, where we now stand. His dwelling, the residence 
 of the Jate William Boylan, Esq., erected some years pre- 
 vious to the foundation of Raleigh, was considered, at the 
 time, a rare specimen of architectural elegance. He was 
 fhe oldest, the wealthiest, and the most widely known of 
 the three brothers. He was a member of the Provisional 
 Convention called by Samuel Johnston, which met at 
 Hillsborough on the 21st of August, 1775, in defiance of 
 the proclamation of Governor Martin, issued twelve days 
 in advance, forbidding the assemblage " in the heart of the 
 Province," " of a body of men with the purpose of extend- 
 ing more widely the traitorous and rebellious designs of 
 the enemies of his Majesty and his government," denouncing 
 the resolves of a " set of people styling themselves a Com- 
 mittee of the County of Mecklenburg, most traitorously 
 declaring the dissolution of the laws, government and 
 Constitution of the country," and the address of William 
 Hooper, Joseph Hewes, and Richard Caswell to the citis 
 of the Province as " a publication, the preposterous en 1 
 mity of which cannot be adequately described and abhol 
 red." The Convention responded by a Resolution that th« 
 proclamation should be burned by the common hangman,' 
 as a false, scandalous, scurrilous, mischievous and seditious 
 libel. 
 
The General Assembly of this most rebellious of Provinces, 
 amidst the darkest hours of the revolution, met at the 
 house of Joel Lane, in June, 1781, and elected Thomas 
 Burke, one of the most eminent of the men of revolution- 
 ary renown, the third Governor of the State. Col. Lane 
 was, at the time, Senator of Wake, and continued, with 
 the exception of a single session, to represent the County 
 in the Senate during the succeeding fourteen years and 
 until his death in 1795. 
 
 Shortly subsequent to the conveyance to the State of the 
 site for the seat of government, he tendered to the Trustees 
 of the University the liberal donation of his plantation 
 adjoining White Plains, as an inducement to locate the 
 Institution within five miles of the Capitol, 
 
 A recent historian, Chaplain George W. Pepper, who 
 lias occasion to refer to the history of Raleigh, in connection 
 with the triumphant march and occupancy of the city by 
 Sherman's army, speaks of Col. Lane as the progenitor of 
 the late Senator from Kansas. This is a mistake. General 
 Joseph Lane, late Senator from Oregon, the candidate for 
 the Vice Presidency on the Breckenridge ticket, Governor 
 Henry S. Lane, late* Senator from Indiana, and the late 
 Hon. George W. Lane,T)istrict Judge of the United States 
 for Alabama, were three cousins, the grandsons of Jesse, 
 and great nephews of Colonel Joel Lane. 
 
 North Carolina has been said to be a good State to 
 remove from. The compliment seems to be pre-eminently 
 due to the County of Wake. The late William White was 
 appointed Secretary- of State in 1798. About the time of 
 his removal to Raleigh, he purchased three plantations in 
 the neighborhood of the City, of moderate value. Bur- 
 well Yick, who conveyed one, is understood to have been 
 
6 
 
 the founder of the City of Vicksburg ; a second was, in 
 1790, the residence of Robert Orr, the father of the present 
 Governor of South Carolina, and the third the residence 
 of Osborne Pape Nicholson, the father of the Hon. A. O. 
 P. Nicholson, late Senator in Congress from Tennessee. 
 
 The reference to the foundation of the city, in connection 
 with subsequent details, may enable us to understand more 
 clearly, and appreciate more accurately, the claims to 
 consideration of the individual to whose memory we con- 
 secrate this obelisk. 
 
 The corner stone of the old State-house was laid early 
 in 1792, and the General Assembly met within its walls 
 for the first time 31st. of December, 1794. The not very 
 rapid growth of the city during the three first years ot its 
 chartered existence may be inferred, and an approximate 
 idea of its extent derived, from an editorial article copied 
 from the North Carolina Journal, published at Halifax, on 
 the 15th. of January, 1795 : 
 
 " "We learn, from a gentleman of the first respectability 
 at Raleigh, that the accommodations at that place during 
 the present session have exceeded all expectation, and that 
 comfortable boarding could now be furnished for at least 
 one hundred persons more." 
 
 The late Joseph Gales published the first number of 
 " The Raleigh Register " in the autumn of 1799. Hodge 
 & Boylan transferred u The Fayetteville," changed to "The 
 Raleigh Minerva,'" from Fayetteville to Raleigh, a few 
 months thereafter, and Jones & Henderson issued the first 
 number of " The Star " Tuesday, 3rd. October, 1809. 
 
 In March, 1810, we find the following indication ol the 
 primitive condition of society in the political metropolis, 
 William White, Esq., Secretary of State and Secretary of 
 
the Trustees of the Raleigh Academy, publishes in their 
 behalf an advertisement beginning with the following 
 announcement : " The Trustees of the Raleigh Academy 
 have the pleasure to inform the pnblic, that they have 
 engaged the Rev. William McPheeters, from Virginia, a 
 gentleman eminently qualified for the undertaking, to 
 become the Principal of the Academy, and Pastor of the 
 City, and that he will certainly enter upon these important 
 duties on or about the first of May next." 
 
 This happy state of Christian unity and Christian charity 
 continued for some years. Notwithstanding the severance 
 of Church and State contemplated by the constitutions of 
 the State and of the United States, the Christian religion 
 was properly considered a part of the common law. The 
 State House was the church of the city, and the only church 
 in the city, and the late Rev. Dr. McPheeters, the Pastor, 
 and the only Pastor, of the church and city. Nearly a 
 quarter of a century has elapsed since this good man passed 
 to his reward, but there are still thousands in the State and 
 city who cherish his memory with no ordinary feelings of 
 veneration and respect. I knew him personally during 
 many years, and can truly testily that I have rarely known 
 a character possessed of such numerous and decided traits 
 of excellence. Pious, without asceticism, intolerance or 
 bigotry, — firm, but not obstinate, in the maintenance of 
 his opinions, — cheerful, without stooping to frivolity,— easy 
 of approach, kind and conciliatory in manner, — but a lion 
 when courage, moral or physical, was required, he was 
 eminently qualified to fill the extraordinary office of City 
 Pastor. His Holiness of Rome does not, perhaps, feel 
 himself more at ease in his supremacy in the Eternal City, 
 than did Dr. McPheeters in Raleigh before the establish- 
 
 5 
 
men! of separate churches. His own denomination is 
 chargeable with the earliest abandonment of the State 
 House. The Presbjiierian church was built in 1817. Two 
 others, the Methodist and Baptist, were added before my 
 earliest acquaintance with the City. 
 
 During- Me. Johnson's day the bell which summoned the 
 General Assembly to the discharge of their public duties, 
 and the pious of every shade of opinion to their devotions, 
 was the only bell in the city. The graveyard was without 
 enclosure ; a public road ran through it, and the rude stone 
 with the meagre inscription at the head of his grave, dis- 
 placed by this more appropriate monument, was quite equal, 
 perhaps superior, to the ordinary memorials of wealthier 
 and more conspicuous men. 
 
 The number of the white population of Raleigh in April, 
 1811, nine months previous to Mr. Johnson's death, seems, 
 from a published record, a copy of which is before me, 
 presenting the names of all white males above the age of 
 21 years, to have been not more than six or seven hundred. 
 At that date John S. Raboteau, William Jones and Mark 
 Cook, acting under the authority of the Commissioners 
 arranged the white males above the age of 21 years in 
 twenty classes, without the omission, as I suppose, of any 
 other name than that of Dr. McPheeters. 
 
 William Yfhite, Secretary of State. John Haywood, Pub- 
 lic Treasurer, and Henry Potter, Judge of the District Court 
 ot the United States, are privates under the leadership of 
 one of the following twenty Captains: 1. Isaac Lane; 2. 
 William Peace ; 3. William Scott ; 4. William Boylan ; 5. 
 Joseph Gales ; 6. Thomas Emond ; 7. Southey Bond; 8. 
 John Wyatt; 9. Joseph Peace ; 10. Samuel Goodwin; 11. 
 Beverly Daniel ; 12. William Peck ; 13. Willis Sogers ; 14. 
 
Sherwood Haywood ; 15. "William Jones ; 16. John S. Bab- 
 oteau ; 17. James Coman ; 18. Benjamin S. King ; 19. 
 Kobert Gannon ; 20. Jacob Johnson. 
 
 The most prominent names in connection with the news- 
 paper press are to be found in classes Nos. 5. and 12. 
 Joseph Gales, Senior Editor of the Raleigh Register, had 
 for his subordinates in number 5. John Stewart, (Merchant) 
 Will am W. Seatou, Coleman Miller, Daniel Peck, and 
 Benjamin Pulliam, Jr. 
 
 William Peck was followed by Robert Harrison, Hardy 
 Sanders, Thomas Henderson, Alexander Lucas and John 
 Dodd. 
 
 Jacob Johnson, at the head of number twenty, was asso- 
 ciated with Daniel Beard, Henry B. Mears and Wm, P. 
 Perrell. 
 
 The City Church presents no more striking indication of 
 republican symplicity of manners, of the absence of aristo- 
 cratic distinctions, and of the spirit of kindness which char- 
 acterized all social intercourse, than the arrangement of 
 the City Watch. 
 
 The newspaper press affords still more conclusive evi- 
 dence of universal charity and good will among all classes 
 of society. The venerable Joseph Gales was the senior of 
 the editorial fraternity in years and journalistic experience. 
 No one that knew him ever thinks of him but as the imper- 
 sonation of kindness, benevolence and charity. His oldest 
 son, Joseph Gales, Jr., was then at Washington, the editor 
 of the National Intelligencer. The removal of Mr. Seaton, 
 the son-in-law of the elder, and brother-in-law of the junior 
 Joseph Gales, a few months afterwards transferred the 
 names of Gales and Seaton from the head of the Register 
 to the Intelligencer, and the Register, returning to its orig- 
 
II) 
 
 inal status, with Joseph Gales, Si\, as editor, continued the 
 assurance so familiar to newspaper readers of the last gen- 
 eration : — 
 
 " Ours are the plans of fair, delightful peace, 
 Unwarped by party rage, to live like brothers. " 
 
 Raleigh in this instance gave to Washington City a brace 
 of editors trained in the office of the Raleigh Register, who 
 published during nearly half a century a paper that for 
 ability, fairness, courtesy, dignity, purity and elegance of 
 style, was pronounced by a competent judge to compare 
 favorably with the London Times, and certainly to be sec- 
 ond to no Gazette in this country. 
 
 Alexander Lucas was at that time the editor of the Mi- 
 nerva. He was one of the few compositors in any country 
 able to set in type the sparkling paragraphs which graced 
 his editorial columns, without previously arranging his 
 thoughts in writing. 
 
 I have no files of the Register, or Minerva, at hand for 
 the year previous to Me. Johnson's death, but I have a com- 
 plete volume of the Star, beginning with the 5th of Janu- 
 ary and closing with the 27th of December, 1811. 
 
 We were on the verge of a war with Great Britain. The 
 most exciting topics agitated the public mind then as now. 
 There were party questions, a majority and a minority. 
 Though but ten years old, I read the Star, from week to 
 week during that year with intense interest. I have just 
 refreshed my memory by a pains-taking examination of the 
 editorial columns. It was a weekly paper, containing not 
 more than two thirds of the reading matter found at pres- 
 ent in the Tri-Weekly Standard, the Daily Progress or the 
 Daily Sentinel. The editorials are comparatively few in num- 
 ber, and all the original articles under the Raleigh head 
 
11 
 
 rarely exceeded half a column in extent. The obituary 
 articles especially are cornmendably brief and modest. The 
 one to which I will have occasion to call your attention in the 
 course ot my remarks occupies more than the average space 
 afforded to the most distinguished individuals who passed 
 away during the year. 
 
 A more remarkable characteristic of the journalism of 
 that period, and less in keeping with the character of the 
 present times, is that there is not during the year a single 
 unkind editorial remark, much less disparaging epithet, not 
 even a discourteous allusion to any one of the editors of the 
 Register and Minerva. On the twelfth of July, the oration 
 delivered on the Fourth by Mr. Lucas, the senior editor of 
 the Minerva, is published, in extenso, in the Star, with a 
 brief editorial commendation closing with the following 
 remarks : " The oration needs none of our praise. We 
 only hope it , will gain the attentive perusal of all who 
 have a relish for the beauties of strong and polished lan- 
 guage, when employed to enforce correct and noble senti- 
 ments." 
 
 It was in the midst of such society that Jacob Johnson 
 lived and moved and had his being. 
 
 Raleigh was just twenty years old at the time of his 
 death. My first knowledge of the City dates ten years 
 later. I entered the law office of the late Chief Justice 
 Taylor in 1822. I have been familiar with the City from 
 that driy to this, and have enjoyed better opportunities in 
 the intervening period, than most non-residents, to form 
 correct opinions of men in public and private life. Society 
 was at that day, no doubt, in ordinary estimation, greatly 
 more refined and intelligent than in 1812. There were 
 three churches, several schools, and the same three news- 
 
12 
 
 papers, with more youthful editors, more sprightly and 
 spicy editorials. William Peace, Chief Justice Taylor, 
 Judge Seawell, Judge Potter, Joseph Gales, Wm. Boylan, 
 Beverly Daniel, John, Sherwood, William H. and Stephen 
 Haywood, Gen. Calvin Jones, Secretary Hill and Col.Wm. 
 Polk, who gave tone to society in its early days, exercised 
 commanding influence even then. 
 
 There was less semblance of aristocracy then than now, 
 much more conviviality and familiar association. In Me. 
 Johnson's time game had not entirely disappeared from the 
 forests. Hunting, fishing, and, under the leadership of Gen. 
 Beverly Daniel, deer driving and the fox chase, were amuse- 
 ments sometimes indulged in by the gravest members of 
 society. Governor Turner and Treasurer Haywood, on 
 horseback, accoutered with guns, shot pouches, horn and 
 hounds, were conspicuous examples in their day. I 
 maimers were comparitiveiy rude, it does not follow that 
 the miscellaneous tea parties at which Mrs. Ga ! es and other 
 intellectual ladies mingled with the young and beautiful — 
 the crowning of May Queens — fishing parties on Crabtree, 
 winding up with a dance in the paper mill, were sources 
 of less exquisite enjoyment than the more refined pastimes 
 of the more select circles of later days. Shooting matches, 
 where fat beef was lost and won, once as common in the 
 rural districts as base ball clubs threaten to become at pres- 
 ent, passed quietly into disuse amidst the exciting events of 
 the war, and have been little known since 1812. But Fourth- 
 of-July dinners spread in the State House by Mrs. Casso, 
 from the corner, or Capt, Scott from the Indian Queen, with 
 as many standing toasts as there were States in the Union, 
 and all the States were in the Union in those days, with the 
 Governor for the time being, and Col. Polk always, as pre- 
 
siding officers, were jubilees to be remembered for a life 
 time. These were occasions when the services of Jacob 
 Johnson were always put in requisition, and were so ren- 
 dered as to make him a universal favorite., In these out 
 door sports no one entered more freely and joyously than 
 Colonel Henderson, then the editor of the Star. I remem- 
 ber on my first acquaintance with Raleigh to have heard 
 the opinion expressed on repeated occasions that no citizen 
 had succeeded in conciliating the warm regards of a greater 
 number of personal friends than he. He was the man of 
 all others to attract Jacob Johnson, and the man to whom 
 of all others in the same sphere Johnson was calculated to 
 be the most acceptable. It was one of the merry makings 
 so frequent in those days, in the spring of 1810 or 1811, 
 that Johnson, by a deed of noble daring, saved the lives 
 of Henderson and Oallum, at the ultimate cost oi his own. 
 The late venerable William Peace, a citizen of Raleigh 
 from 1795 to the time of his death, which occurred at the 
 house of his friend and connection, Governor Holden, on the 
 11th of July, 1865, in the 93d year of his age, shortly previous 
 to his death wrote and transmitted to me the following ac- 
 count of the transaction. I repeat the narrative substanti- 
 ally in the language of the manuscript : "At a large 
 fishing party at Hunter's Mill pond on Walnut creek, near 
 Raleigh, upwards of fifty years ago, the late Colonel Hen- 
 derson proposed for amusement a little skim in the canoe 
 on the pond. He, a young Scotch merchant named Callum, 
 and myself, entered the canoe. Henderson was helmsman 
 and knew that neither Callum nor my self could swim. He 
 soon began to rock the canoe, so as at times to dip water, 
 and just above the pier head of the mill bore so heavily on 
 the end where he was sitting as to tilt and turn it over, 
 
14 
 
 throwing all three into the pond. Callum caught hold of 
 me. I begged him to let go, I could not swim. He did 
 so, and seized Henderson, and both sank to the bottom in 
 ten feet water. I struggled and kept myself above water 
 until they came to my assistance from the shore and carried 
 me out. A cry was then made for Henderson and Callum. 
 Jacob Johnson was standing on the pier head. Without 
 a moment's hesitation he leaped into the pond, dived m the 
 direction of where he saw them sink, caught hold of Hen- 
 derson and brought him up. In an instant a dozen swim- 
 mers were in the water from the shore to assist in bringing 
 Henderson out, and Callum with him, who was clinging to 
 the skirt of Henderson's coat underneath, and at the mo- 
 ment invisible." Fortunately for the sufferers, the late 
 General Calvin Jones, Henderson's partner, was on shore. 
 He was an eminent and able physician and surgeon, and 
 the most efficacious means for the relief of the apparently 
 drowned men were promptly applied. Henderson was 
 soon able to speak, but life was, to ordinary observers, 
 extinct in Callum, who was longer under the water. After 
 an anxious interval of painful suspense he exhibited signs 
 of life, was restored, and lived to marry and rear a family. 
 His amiable and interesting widow was subsequently the 
 wife of the Rev. N. H. Harding, D. D., and respectable 
 descendants are now citizens of Raleigh. Henderson suf- 
 fered from the effects of the adventure during more than a 
 year, and Johnson, though he survived for a longer period, 
 passed away eventually a martyr to humanity. " Greater 
 love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life 
 for his friends." 
 
 I have met with but a single person who remembers the 
 manner of Johnson's death. He states that on a very cold 
 
15 
 
 day in the winter of 1811-12, while tolling the State House 
 bell for a funeral, he was seen suddenly to fall to the ground, 
 from supposed chill and exhaustion. He was taken up and 
 carried, in the first instance, to the office of the late Treas- 
 urer Haywood, and died at his own residence, in the neigh 
 borhood of the late Joseph Gales, on Saturday the 4th of 
 January, 1812. 
 
 The following obituary notice, written by Colonel Hen- 
 derson, then editor of the Baleigh Star, is copied from that 
 paper of the 12th of January, 1812 : 
 
 •' Died, in this City, on Saturday last, Jacob Johnson, who had for many 
 years occupied an humble but useful station. He was City Constable, Sexton 
 and Porter to the State Bank. In his last illness he was visited by the prin- 
 cipal inhabitants of the City, by all of whom he was esteemed for his honesty, 
 sobriety, industry, and humane friendly disposition. Among all by whom 
 he was known and esteemed, none lament him more (except perhaps his own 
 relatives) than the publisher of this paper, for he owes his life, on a particular 
 occasion, to the boldness and humanity of Johnson." 
 
 The date of Mr. Johnson's birth, and his age at the time 
 of his death, have not been ascertained. I have conversed 
 with such of his cotemporaries as I supposed to be most 
 familiar with him, but after the lapse of fifty-five years, they 
 cannot speak very definitely on the subject. 
 
 In relation to his general character there is no discrep- 
 ancy of testimony. I N am somewhat familiar with investi- 
 gations of this nature, and can truly say, judging not merely 
 from the uniform testimony of living witnesses, but from 
 my personal knowledge of the character of the community 
 in which he lived, from which he received and to which he 
 imparted imprints of sentiments and opinions, I have never 
 traced a more blameless history. He had many friends in 
 every walk of life, and no enemies. 
 
 He was poor, but possessed at his death of more worldly 
 goods than Andrew Jackson, the elder, the father of the 
 
16 
 
 if North Carolina who attained the Presidency, 
 
 The precise date of the elder Jackson's birth and death 
 are alike unknown. His illustrious son was mistaken until 
 after he entered upon the duties of his high office, as to 
 the State in which he himself was born. In his celebrated 
 proclamation of 1832 he speaks of South Carolina as his 
 native State. '•' The beat information now attainable con- 
 firms the tradition which prevails in the "Wax haw country 
 that Andrew Jackson, the elder, never owned an acre of 
 land in America. He died in the log cabin erected by his 
 own hands early in the spring of 1707. He was buried in 
 the old Waxhaw churchyard. No stone marks the spot 
 where his remains were deposited a hundred years ago. 
 The hero of New Orleans, the third son of his father, was 
 born at the house of George McOamie, in the county of 
 Mecklenburg, on the 15th. of March, 1767, very shortly 
 after the death of his father." 
 
 James X. Polk, the second native North Carolinian who 
 passed through Tennessee to the Presidency, was born in 
 the same county of Mecklenburg, on the 17th November 
 1795, about eleven miles South of Charlotte, and seventeen 
 miles North of the birth-place of Gen. Jackson. On a 
 journey to the Southwest, in June, 1819, I took some pains 
 to ascertain the precise locality which gave birth to both. 
 No vestige of the humble dwelling in which the latter first 
 saw the light was discernable, but the spot where it stood 
 could be identified. 
 
 The place where President Polk was born, was, in 1849, 
 the property of Nathan Orr. The house pointed out to me, 
 was of logs, had never been weather-boarded, and was 
 much dilapidated. It was formed of two pens, one about 
 20 by 16, the other 12 by 16, making a structure 32 by 16, 
 
17 
 
 with a shingle roof, and brick chimney at the North end, 
 and stood about two hundred yards South of little Sugar 
 Greek. Samuel, the father of President Polk, though not 
 born to opulence, began life under much more favorable 
 auspices than the father of either the Seventh or the 
 Seventeenth President of the United States. lie was an 
 energetic, industrious farmer in Mecklenburg, in 1806, 
 when he removed to Tennessee, and undertook the agency 
 in renting and selling of the immense and valuable estate 
 in lands of the late Colonel William Polk in the most fertile 
 section of that State. 
 
 Col, William Polk was the latest surviving field officer 
 of the North Carolina line, the cotemporary and personal 
 friend and associate of General Jackson, not less heroic in 
 war, and quite as sagacious and more successful in private 
 life than he. It is an interesting coincidence that the fathers 
 of the eleventh and seventeenth Presidents of the United 
 States were alike indebted for promotion to a more favor- 
 ble position in life to the same individual ; a man whose 
 insight into character rarely admitted of the selection, and 
 never of the retention, of an unworthy agent. 
 
 Colonel William Polk was the first President, and Jacob 
 Johnson the first Porter, of the State Bank of North 
 Carolina. It is from such beginnings, and under such 
 auspices, that three natives of the State have passed from 
 poverty and obscurity in North Carolina to comparative 
 opulence and eminence in Tennessee, and thence to the 
 highest post of honor in the Union and the world. 
 
 Citizens of Raleigh : — This brief and imperfect delinea- 
 tion of your past history was i.idispensible to a correct 
 perception and appreciation of the person in honoring 
 whom you do honor to yourselves. A reference to a few 
 
IS 
 
 subsequent events which unite the present with the past, 
 will close the duty your kindness has imposed upon me. 
 
 Thackeray, the English novelist, when on a visit to 
 Preseott, the great American historian, in 1852, discerned 
 on his library wall two crossed swords worn by the paternal 
 and maternal ancestors of Prescott's children in the great 
 war of American Independence. Both were unsheathed 
 at Bunker Hill. One was drawn gallantly in the service 
 of the King, — the other, in the hand of the Commander- 
 in-Chief of the American forces, won victory and renown. 
 The possessor of the harmless trophy earned for himself a 
 name alike honored in his ancestor's country and his own, 
 " where genius like his," says Thackeray, " will always 
 find a welcome." 
 
 In the annals of Raleigh, from its foundation to the 
 present time, the future historian will have occasion to 
 present no more illustrious names, no more thrilling inci- 
 dents, than will be found in the lives of two contempora- 
 neous individuals indissolubly connected with the observ- 
 ances of this day. 
 
 Leonidas, the favorite son of Colonel "William Polk, was 
 born in 1806, two years earlier than the only surviving son 
 of Jacob Johnson. The name of the former, suggesting 
 the memory of remarkable events and localities in the old 
 and the new world, — Thermopylae and Mecklenburg, — is 
 of itself a reflex of the character of the heroic sire and 
 the heroic son. There are probably few persons living, 
 connected by no stronger tie than friendly associations, 
 with the late Bishop Polk, who knew him so long, so 
 intimately and so well as myself. He was my room-mate 
 at the University. Four of the happiest days in my 
 remembrance were passed when, in the autumn of 1859, 
 
19 
 
 thirty-six years after his departure for West Point, he 
 returned and made his first and only visit to Ohapel Hill. 
 He came to my house to renew cherished associations, 
 exchange the reminiscences of a life-time, and more espe- 
 cially for personal conference on the subject which then 
 chiefly engrossed his thoughts, the establishment and 
 endowment of the University of the South. The leading 
 events of these thirty-six years of his history are familiar 
 to you all. Divine grace,' touching his heart near the 
 close of his successful career at the Military Academy, had 
 transformed the youthful soldier into the meek and humble 
 follower of the cross, and he stood before me the able, 
 energetic, enthusiastic Bishop of Louisiana, foremost in 
 every good word and work. Two years afterward, at the 
 house of his next oldest brother, in Tennessee, a telegraphic 
 dispatch was placed in my hands, announcing that his 
 associate at West Point, and his life-long friend, had desig- 
 nated him for high command in the Confederate army, and 
 the anxious enquiry was propounded, " Will the Bishop 
 accept." He was fifty-five years of age, of fine form and 
 commanding presence, the beau ideal of a Christian soldier 
 and gentleman. He was most actively engaged in the 
 accomplishment of the great literary enterprise, the com- 
 plete success of which, so near to his heart, promised the 
 early fulfillment of his most ardent aspirations. He had 
 an ample fortune — would he leave his delightful home, his 
 wife, his children, and more than all, the flock of which 
 Christ had made him the overseer, for any station which 
 could be assigned him in the perilous conflict? " Would 
 he accept?" He did accept ; deliberately, advisedly, prayer- 
 erfully accept the post of danger, and no bolder, purer 
 patriot poured forth his life-blood on either side in the 
 
 6 
 
20 
 
 dreadful conflict, which astounded and saddened the civil 
 zed world, and will constitute in all time to come the mof 
 melancholy chapter in the history of Christian progree 
 and civilization. His last letter was written to advise in 
 of the death of a gallant young officer, Captain Elisha E. 
 Wright, of Memphis, Tennessee, who wi II be remembered 
 by some of those who hear me, as a young man of extraor- 
 dinary promise, who received the premium awarded for 
 English composition, with appropriate commendation, at 
 the hands of President Buchanan, in 1859. At the close 
 of the Senior examination in May, 1861, though the first 
 distinction was assigned him, he pressed into the service 
 without participating in the commencement exercises. — 
 His younger brother was his first Lieutenant, and his aged 
 father, the Chief Justice of Tennessee, a member of Gen. 
 Bragg's Staff, when the Captain fell at the head of his col- 
 umn in the bloody battle of Murfressboro', in December 
 1862. 
 
 Of the history of the son of Jacob Johnson, who com- 
 menced life under such comparatively unfavorable aTispices, 
 this is not the time to speak. The companion of his 
 boyhood, whose character I have attempted to portray, has 
 passed the portal of the grave. The President of the U. S. 
 is before you scarcely more time-worn than the Lieutenant 
 General seemed at our last interview. His career in life 
 thus far is one of the most remarkable in any age or 
 nation. His countiy and the world have decided between 
 the two representative men of the two parties which 
 divided North Carolina and the South, that he who achieved 
 success, if not more pure and patriotic, was as brave, n8 
 disinterested, and wiser than his compeer. The monuments 
 of the sires are before you- The cross swords may be 
 
'21 
 
 suspended as a memento of the past and a warning for the 
 future. The blood of the noblest heroes on both sides of 
 the conflict will soon form a union in the veins of the 
 descendants of those who met in deadly strife od many well 
 fought fields. The most patriotic hearts North and South, 
 East and West, already beat in unison. The time has 
 arrived when patriotism, not less than Christianity, requires 
 the forgiveness of all that we cannot forget. Let the 
 crossed swords on the monument, surmounted by the 
 stripes and stars, form an appropriate ** Memorial Associa- 
 tion " for the Confederate and Union dead, and no strife be 
 witnessed above their graves, but patriotic and generous 
 emulation to do most to promote harmony and restore " the 
 mure perfect Union," designed by the Constitution of our 
 common country] 
 
AJPJPENDIX. 
 
 I. Description of Tucker Hall, Copied prom the Daily 
 
 Sentinel, August, 28th. 1867. 
 
 II. Charter op the City op Raleigh, 1792. 
 
 III. Plan op the City — Numbers op Lots — And Names op 
 
 Purchasers. 1792. 
 
 IV. Raleigh— North Carolina — The University. 1806. 
 
 V. Adult Male Population op the City. 1811. 
 
 VI. Copy op a Letter prom Judge Potter to Judge Cam- 
 
 eron, Specifying the Sales of Lots, with accompany- 
 * ing Diagram. 1820. 
 
 VII. Map of the City. 1834. 
 VLTI. Map of the City. 1847. 
 
"*;•*<•■**•» xo »5 ~% Ki c-> ..;. 
 
 .. 
 
 
 ' o «*» 
 
 ££ O *-. r * 
 
 '3 « 
 
 -- 
 
 P .ST "2 :- .v. 
 
 
 4j 8 ».-g .*. 
 
 3 © £ 
 
 - ♦» § a ■'« 
 
 •r -« « 
 
 9 C 5 
 
 q 23 S 
 
 ville 
 
 * front 
 ; the 
 
 • ■ or 
 -:■ ^-eet, 
 
 \ ■ and 
 
 !|nie 
 
 *'*ng« 
 
 ' : : to 
 
 : _QS, 
 """"Vo 
 
 s 
 
 »r. 
 
 > wa 
 
 r 
 
r&- 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 The outside line tdtows tho boundary of laodt adiolltblg 
 tho Cil» of Raloijrh, 1. 1 longing to tho 8ut« of Norkh CJ»r- 
 olinn, directed to be nohl by the Act of Aswnnbiy of'l«I». 
 
 Robtn £fc Jouea. 
 
 So. 1 contains 12 
 
 Wo. 83 contains » 8 11 
 
 84 5 3 M 
 
 85 '..(! S 1» 
 
 .3 15 
 
 18 « 1! 
 
 in (i [J 
 
 20 Hock Quarry. 
 
 21 6 18 
 
 •33 8 18 
 
 .0 18 
 
 U. 
 
 Gov. Swm.': in !h< s|ieeeh ei mi nmim.rati ve of Jacob Johu- 
 solli p. 8, estimates the while population of the city iu 1811 
 to have been nol mora tunnaixoracvenhundrod, 'rim fol- 
 low big enuincration tniulr four years previous to (be date set 
 forth ill Appendix No. " iudicntca that it was on over ratboi' 
 limn mi under estimate. 
 
 The following table exhibits an aeeurate enuuiei :.l iuii i.i 
 
 the wliule pnpiilutlon ul rtal, .:,... r, [sen Me 
 
 laajreUea that no eel isns has been takon since the clcso of tho 
 civil ivnr. The increase in 00 years ia conjectured to lie ten 
 
 Froii the Mi.nkiiva, March :;l 
 
 •■ Correct Ceanu of tin- Inhabitant! or Kulelgli, 
 
 Taken iWur«'!i 33d, 1807. 
 
 While! White Fri : B , 
 
 Huh- t'einis ;;;:;;;: s hh,VM - ]M - 
 
 E» torn Word, 
 Middle Ward, 
 Western Ward, 
 
 TllOObo' BbKauts are evunpii/edinS.i families. Sueh 
 
 tudonta of the leadomjr as are not poraaueiit inhabitants 
 
 "film turn .-.re n. i meltnled ' 
 
 
 iwRTH STREKT 
 
 ^lWBiatiS 8TRISET. 
 
 Ilt.'ilt.'tl STHKKT 
 
 L 1 
 
 23 
 
 21 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 i i 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 2627 
 
 28 
 
 20 3031 
 
 32 
 
 33 ' 
 
 [ J 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 i.kxiiii: sti;hi:i 
 
 .! ! j \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! 50 
 
 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 
 4 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 ]-* 
 
 =3! 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 £ i 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 '<$! 
 
 I 
 

 
 
 lis 
 
 
 
 ; 5 ■©. '■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 at •-. ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '■ 
 
 »-.. *» *■ 
 - ~ SI 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 '— ,taJ 
 
 "lis 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 s? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •* 
 
 c 
 
 t 
 
 ft = 
 
 1 
 
 
 6>< 
 
 G\ 
 
 
 
 
 
 J 
 
I. 
 
 TUCKER HALL, 
 
 {Copied from the Daily Sentinel, August 28th., 1867.) 
 
 The following description of this splendid structure will give the 
 public some idea of the enterprise of the public-spirited firm who 
 have expended their means in so greatly improving the city : 
 
 The dimensions are as follows : Width of front on Fayetteville 
 Street, 43 feet, 4 inches, running back 120 feet, with an area in front 
 6 feet, covered with Hyatt's patent light work, to give light to the 
 basement ; which is 40 by 60 feet, 9 feet pitch. The first story or 
 store floor is the entire depth and width of the building, 117 feet, 
 4 inches, by 40 feet, 8 inches, clear of walls, and 15 feet pitch, and 
 finished in a style that would do credit to any Northern City. The 
 walls are hard finished, with ornamental plaster cornices at the ceiling. 
 In the centre there are eight iron columns of the Corinthian order, to 
 support the centre of the hall floor. There are two counting rooms 
 at the back end of the store, 9 by 14 feet, with ground glass partitions, 
 eight feet high. The finish at the front end of the store includes two 
 entrance doors and two windows, and entrance in centre to Hall floor. 
 
 The Hall includes four rooms at the front end, parlor, saloon, dress- 
 ing and ante-rooms for musicians, &c. At the back end there is a 
 stage extending across the width of the building, 40 feet, 8 inches, by 
 27 feet projection, including tour private boxes. The width of the 
 Proscenium is 23 feet, with a height of 16 feet. There is a complete 
 set of eleven scenes and 26 wings, — all done in the best style. 
 
 The entire auditorium will seat 1,200, and the whole building is 
 provided with the handsomest gas fixtures. 
 
 The principal features are the front, which is of iron of the com- 
 posite order, presenting a most imposing appearance, and the immense 
 plate glass of the main windows. 
 
 The following is a list of the artists and others, who were employ- 
 ed on this superb building ; 
 

 I'MHHTl- 
 
 « 
 
 , ; ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 *J\sV 
 
 'i JI A , 
 
 fcjSSSkS 
 
 ■I t. 
 
 
 ; ■ 
 
 
 i t 
 
 
 3'Jt 1.. 
 
 I 
 
 I ,<> »lRJili<lf;rilfI Hi! I<» xwil't !•>•>■ 
 .9081 ,!>»« i!->i«W n^rfnT 
 
 ' 
 
 * 
 
 >../ 
 
IV 
 
 Contractor. — Thomas Coates, Raleigh. 
 
 Architect. — B. F. Warner, Broadway, N. Y. 
 
 Scenic Artist. — R. S. Smith, Chesnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia. 
 
 State Carpenter. — Chas. A. Brown, lately employed at Niblo's, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Gas Fixture Makers. — McKenzie & Clan Ranald, West 4th Street, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Painter and Crainer. — Alex Hardie, Raleigh. 
 
 Plaster and Cornicer. — J. H. Hamall. 
 
 II. 
 CHARTER OF THE CITY, 
 
 1792. 
 
 Chap. xiv. An Act to confirm the proceedings of the Com- 
 1791, 64. " rnissioners appointed under an act of the last General 
 
 " Assembly, entitled an act to carry into effect the Ordi- 
 " nance of the Covnention held at Hillsborough, in July, one thousand 
 " seven hundred and eighty-eight, entitled An Ordinance for estab" 
 " lishing a place for holding the future meetings of the General As- 
 " sembly, and the place of residence of the chief officers of the State. 
 „ „ . Whereas a maiority of the Commissioners appointed by 
 
 Proceedings of j j trr j 
 
 theCommis- "the General Assembly under the above recited act, to- 
 "wit: Frederick Ha rgett, Willie Jones, Joseph Mc- 
 " Dowell, Thomas Blount, William Johnson Dawson, and James Mar- 
 " tin. Esquires, in pursuance of the powers and authorities in them 
 " vested, did on the fourth Monday of April last, purchase of Joel 
 
 " Lane, Esq., one thousand acres of land for the use of the public, as 
 " appears by a deed from the Bald Joel Lane to Alexander Mai tin, Esq., 
 " Governor for the time being, for the use of the State, bearing date 
 " the fifth day of April, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, 
 " adjoining the tract whereon the said Joel Lane now lives, at Wake 
 " County Court house, and have caused to be laid off thereon the plan 
 " ot a city containing four hundred acres of land, and comprehending 
 " besides streets, two hundred and seventy-six lots of one acre each J 
 
"which plan, together with their proceedings at large, they have re- 
 " ported to this General Assembly : 
 
 I. Be it therefore enacted by the General Assembly of the State of 
 " North Carolina, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the 
 "same, That, all and singular the proceedings of the said Commission- 
 " ers relative to the premises, be, and the same are hereby recognized^ 
 " confirmed and ratified, fully and completely to all intents and pur- 
 " poses. 
 
 II. And be it farther enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the 
 " plan of a city so laid off, and reported to the present General As- 
 *' sembly by the Commissioners atoresaid, shall be, and the same is 
 " hereby received, confirmed and ratified, by the name of the city of 
 " Raleigh ; and the several streets represented in the plan and the 
 " public square whereon the State House is to be built, shall be called 
 u and forever known by the names given to them respectively by the 
 " Commissioners aforesaid ; which plan, together with the deed for 
 " the land purchased, with a plat thereof annexed, shall be forthwith 
 "recorded in the Secretary's office.* 
 
 III. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the 
 " public square composed of number two hundred and forty-six, two 
 " hundred and forty-seven, two hundred and sixty-two and two hun" 
 " dred and sixty-three, shall be called and known by the name of Cas- 
 " well square : That the public square composed of lots number two 
 M hundred and thirty-eight, two hundred and thirty-nine, two hun- 
 dred and fity-four and two hundred and fifty-five, shall be called 
 M and known by the name of Burke square : That the public square 
 " composed of lots number one hundred and eighteen, one hundred 
 " and nineteen, one hundred and thirty-four and one hundred and 
 " thirty-five, shall be called and known by the name of Nash square : 
 " And that the public square composed of lots number one hundred 
 " and ten, one hundred and eleven, one hundred and twenty-six and 
 " one hundred and twenty-seven, shall be called and known by the 
 " name of Moore square. 
 
 IV. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That as 
 " soon as the State House now building on Union square in the said 
 M city of Raleigh is fit for the reception of the General Assembly, they 
 
•" shall adjourn to that place, from which time all the Chief Officers of 
 " the State, viz : The Treasurer, Secretary of State and Comptroller 
 " shall hold their respective offices iu the said city of Raleigh, which 
 " shall be thence forward held, deemed and considered the permanent 
 " and unalterable seat of Government of the State of North Carolina, 
 * l and the place of residence of the Chief Officers of the State, any law 
 '' or laws to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 *The State House which has been erected in Union square, since the plan 
 was printed, has been placed differently than there marked. Its broader sides 
 front Newberne and Hillsborough streets. 
 
 IT. 
 
 RALL1GH— NORTII CAROLINA— THE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 1806 
 
 An account of the literature of this State might be comprised in a 
 single page, and if the length of the account was regarded only in 
 the proportion it bears to its interest, that page would be deemed 
 tedious. There are only ten presses in the State, viz: two in Raleigh, 
 two in Newbern, and one in each of the towns of Edenton, Halifax, 
 Wilmington, Fayetteville, Salisbury and Warrenton. From each of 
 these presses issues a weekly paper, except the one in Salisbury, which 
 is employed in printing handbills and pamphlets. The papers are 
 compilations and the few books published are law books and the 
 doggerel hymns of religious enthusiasts and now and then a trashy 
 novel, which is commouly exchanged for other trash at the Literary 
 Fair. I will give as complete a list as I am able of all the original 
 works ever published in this State, with a brief character annexed. 
 
 1. Haywood's Reports of cases decided in the Superior Courts of 
 this State. A valuable book, published by Hodge & Boylan, 1 800. 
 
 N. B. A second volume is now in the press of Wm. Boylan. 
 
 2. A journey to Lake Drummond, by Lemuel Sawyer. The events 
 are without interest, the remarks puerile, and the language the most 
 superlative bombast. Published eight or ten years ago. 
 
 3. Matilda Berkeley, a noveL About upon a level with the Mas- 
 
TII- 
 
 .chusetts novel of the Coquette or Eliza Wharton Published by 
 
 fWes. In 1804. 
 
 4 "i .Mor's Reports of cases adjudged in the Supreme Court of 
 "oiiu Carolina. Of a moderate reputation, Martin & Ogden, 1802. 
 
 5. History of the Kehukie Baptist Association, by Burkit & Read. 
 Boylan, 1804. 
 
 6. A Masonic Ritual, published under the direction of the Grand 
 Lodge of North Carolina. The best of the kind — Sims, 1806. 
 
 7. Davie's Cavalry — an excellent system. Hodge, 1798. Cameron's 
 Law Reports are in the press of J. Gales, of which there are favorable 
 expectations. 
 
 These are the only publications which I recollect, that have assumed 
 the dignity of a volvme. Of political and religious pamphlets we 
 have quantum svfficit. The Rev. Joseph Caldwell, President of the 
 University of North Carolina, is the first scientific and literary char- 
 acter in the State. He is now employed in writing a book on Math- 
 ematics, intended as a school book. Two Sermons and an Eulogium 
 on General Washington by him, which have been published separate- 
 ly in pamphlets, are handsome specimens of his abilities. I know of 
 no other pamphlets that merit the respect of being named. There is 
 in this State one University and several Academies but none of them 
 are supported by permanent funds. The University was founded 
 about fourteen years ago and received from the State a donation of 
 all balances then due the State trom revenue officers, all confiscated 
 and escheat property and a loan of $10,000. To a " huge, mis- 
 shapen pile," which is placed on a high, rocky, eminence twenty-eight 
 miles from this, has been given the name of the college, and a dona- 
 tion from Gen. Thomas Person built a neat chapel. After consider- 
 able difficulties were experienced on account of incompetent teachers 
 and insurrections among the students, the institution under the direc- 
 tion of Mr. Caldwell, two professors and two tutors, acquired regu- 
 larity and consistency in its exercises, when our enlightened legisla- 
 ture discovered that education was inconsistent with republicanism, 
 that it created an aristocracy of the learned, who would trample upon 
 the rights and liberties of the ignorant, and that an equality of in- 
 tellect was necessary to preserve the equality of rights. Influenced 
 
vni 
 
 by these wise and patriotic considerations, the legislature gave to 
 themselves again, what they had before given to the University. The 
 institution now languishes. Mr. Caldwell's an ti- republican love of 
 literature, and not the emoluments of his office, induces him to pre- 
 serve in existence, by his influence, even the shadow of a college. He 
 is assisted by only one tutor ; the funds do not permit the employ- 
 ment of more. There is an excellent female academy lately establish- 
 ed by the Society of United Brethren (Moravians) at Salem. There 
 are very good academies at Raleigh, Newbeme, Fayetteville, Louis- 
 burg, Warrenton and two or three others. A public library has been 
 founded in Newberne by a donation of $500 from Thomas Tomlinson. 
 It is divided into eighty shares of $20 each ; all the shares are filled 
 and the books purchased. It is contemplated to extend the number 
 of shares to one hundred and twenty. I know of no other public 
 libraries in the State, except one in Iredell County, established by a 
 Society called the Centre Benevolent Society, which has subsisted 
 nearly twenty years. 
 
 [The preceeding article is an extract from a letter ot a gentleman 
 in Raleigh, to the editors of the Anthology — the precurser of the North 
 American Revieio — dated Feb. 24th, 1806. Due allowance should be 
 made for the evident political bias of the writer. [ 
 
 V. 
 
 ADULT MALE POPULATION. 
 1811. 
 COPY OF AN ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN " THE STAR" UNDER 
 THE " RALEIGH" HEAD, FRIDAY APRIL 26th, 1811. 
 
 'A statement of the apportionment of the citizens of Raleigh in classes 
 as a General Watch for the City, made by John S. Rabateau, William 
 Jones and Mark Cooke, a committe appointed for that purpose by 
 the General Board ot Commissioners for the said city, to- wit : 
 
 1. *Isaac Lane, Jos. G Norwood, Charles Parish, Oliver Thomas, 
 Dawson Atkinson, John Barker. 
 
IX. 
 
 2. William Peace, Henry G-uyre, Lewis Holloman, John Stewart 
 (Shoemaker), Abraham Dodd, Anthony Foster. 
 
 3. William Scott, Richard Smith, Josiah Dillard, James G. Mitchell, 
 Arthur Reeves, John Cross. 
 
 4. William Boylan, John Williams, Henry H. Cooke, Neill Brown, 
 Willie Sledge, James Ruth. 
 
 5 Joseph Gales, John Stewart (Merchant), William W. Seaton, Cole- 
 man Miller, Daniel Peck, Benjamin Pulliam, Jr. 
 
 6. Thomas Emond, Martin Adams, William Glendening, Henry 
 Bland, Christopher Christophers, Jona Sheppard. 
 
 7. Souihy Bond, Thomas Rice, James Utly, John J. Briggs, Joseph 
 Mullegan, Nicholas Sheffield. 
 
 8. John Wyatt, Wesley Whitaker, John Haywood, Samuel Pearson, 
 William Rambaut, Adams Alexander, 
 
 9. Joseph Peace, Henry Potter, Daniel L. Barringer, Abel B Fairman, 
 Joel Jones, Jacob Willfong. 
 
 10. Samuel Goodwin, Calvin Jones, Mark Cooke, Thomas Card, Joel 
 Miller, Samuel Combs. 
 
 11. Beverly Daniel, Abraham Boylan, William H. Haywood, Stephen 
 Haywood, William Brown, Benson Card, Jr. 
 
 12. William PecJc, Robert Harrison, Hardy Sanders, Thomas Hen- 
 derson, Alexander Lucas, John Dodd. 
 
 18. Willis Rogers, Thomas Scott, Robert Nutt, Edmund R. Pitt, 
 John McLemore, Joshua Allen. 
 
 14. Sherwood Haywood, John Scott, Robert Callum, John Carney, 
 Elhannon Nutt, William Terry. 
 
 15. William Jones, Henry Gorman, Matthew Shaw, Jas. Thompson, 
 Alfred Jones, John Allen. 
 
 16. John 8. Rdbatau, WillinnV Hill, John Rice, Richard Ligon, John 
 Powers, John Terry, Sr. 
 
 $7. James Coman, Sterling Wheaton, David Royster, Turner Daugh 
 tery, James M'Kee. 
 
 18 Benjamin King, John Marshall, Hartwell Reeves, William White, 
 Sr, Woody Martin, William H. Wiliams. 
 
 19 Robert Cannon, Joseph Ross, Willis Rhodes, Wm. M. White, 
 Robert Williams. 
 
 20. Jacob Johnson, David Beard, Henry B. Mears, William P. Ferrell. 
 
 ♦Those in Italic are captains of each respective company. 
 
x. 
 
 VI. 
 
 LETTER FROM JUDGE POTTER TO JUDGE CAMERON— AC- 
 COUNT OF LOTS, NUMBERS AND PRICES SOLD IN 
 1820. 
 
 No. 1 Moses Morclecai, 
 2 John McLeod, 
 8 H. Seawell, 
 
 4 Jno. F. Goneke, 
 
 5 Jeremiah Battle, 
 
 6 V\ m McPheters, 
 
 7 Kimbrougb Jones, 
 
 8 Bryan and Robards, 
 
 9 Jno. Holloway, 
 
 10 'no. F Goneke, 
 
 11 Ditto, 
 
 12 Jno. S. Rabatau, 
 
 13 W. F. Clarke, 
 
 14 David Royster, 
 
 15 Jere Battle, 
 
 16 Ditto, 
 
 17 Wm Nichols, 
 
 18 Ditto, 
 
 19 Wm. McPheeters, 
 
 20 John Branch, 
 
 21 John Robertson, 
 
 22 George Luther, 
 
 23 Wra. Peck, 
 
 24 Ann Falconer, 
 
 25 Com. of City, 
 
 26 Ann Falconer, 
 
 27 Josiah Dillard, 
 
 28 Meritt Dillard, 
 
 29 Bryan and Robards, 
 
 30 Ditto, 
 
 31 Ditto, 
 
 1335 
 1055 
 1500 
 505 
 500 
 510 
 485 
 575 
 650 
 150 
 175 
 155 
 190 
 180 
 130 
 145 
 19( 
 260 
 245 
 290 
 600 
 65 
 55 
 45 
 20 
 125 
 150 
 195 
 115 
 155 
 190 
 
 No 32 John Branch, 
 
 33 Bryan and Robards, 
 84 D. L. Barringer, 
 
 35 Jonathan Busbee, 
 
 36 Ditto, 
 
 37 John Dunn, 
 
 38 Ditto, 
 
 39 Sherwood Havwood. 
 
 40 Ditto, 
 
 41 Bryan and Robards, 
 
 42 Ditto, 
 
 43 Jno J. S. Ruffin, 
 
 44 Ditto, 
 
 45 Ditto, 
 
 46 Ditto, 
 
 47 Beng. S. King, 
 
 48 Ditto, 
 
 49 Ditto, 
 
 50 James Henderson, 
 
 51 Joseph Gales, 
 
 52 Ditto, 
 
 53 Wm. Boylan, 
 
 54 Susan Schaub, 
 
 55 .lames F. Taylor, 
 
 56 Ditto, 
 
 57 Charles Parish, 
 
 58 Ditto, 
 
 59 Ditto, 
 
 60 H. Potter, 
 
 61 Ditto, 
 
 62 (Ditto, 
 
 165 
 170 
 550 
 180 
 215 
 120 
 110 
 155 
 145 
 160 
 115 
 445 
 510 
 575 
 335 
 235 
 500 
 550 
 510 
 4U 
 410 
 600 
 800 
 565 
 12 55 
 475 
 450 
 450 
 1200 
 750 
 520 
 
 Dear Sir: — 
 
 Above you have the amount of our sales, They were surely great 
 considering the times, but I regret that we received so little aid from 
 abroad. The firm of Bryan & Robards was composed of J. H. B * 
 Mid Wm. Robards, for speculation. Some lots have already sold at 
 
XI. 
 
 an advance and others might be sold at considerable profit. We were 
 deceived in lot No. 49, we supposed it to be old field, whereas it was 
 very good wood land. Hence the vast difference between the appraise- 
 ment and sale. Mr. Seawell had bought out R Jones before the sale 
 Jones takes his lot and houses in town for which lie gives his 22 or 
 23 acres of land and pays for 5 acres (including the spring) ot the lot 
 purchased by Seawell. 
 
 There was spirited bidding and excessive warmth manifested when 
 No. 1 was up. The bidders were Col. Polk, Thos. P. Devereux and 
 the tGovernor for Mordecai. I paid dearly for Sooky Davis, but I 
 have now a good settlement. John Stuart run me up for the sake of 
 doing so. Col. Polk put Mr. Seawell up to the $1500. We made 
 a small alteration in the plan so as to strike the line between Seawell 
 and Parish, and give an outlet to the neighborhood in that direction, 
 and we continued the road from Davie street to the back line at Par- 
 ishes, for the accommodation of the people down Walnut We were 
 earnestly beset by the people in town and county for these outlets. 
 
 Lot No 5 thus altered, contains 177 acres and No. 54, 7-2-20. We 
 have given 60 to the quarry. The Governor has consented to cover 
 the expense incurred by us, in the survey and sales, by a warrant on 
 the Treasury 
 
 Col. Robards attended. Mr. Winslow did not. He said he could 
 not, though he much wished it. We are yet taking bonds, and shall 
 be for some time No contract is yet made for work or materials. 
 
 Had I time I would give you many circumstances, but I am pre- 
 paring for my circuit and am very much hurried. I hope ere this 
 Mrs. Cameron is in such a state of health as to relieve you from your 
 anxiety. 
 
 With much respect, I am dear sir, your friend and obedient servant. 
 
 H. POTTER. 
 
 *The lats Gen. Joseph H. Bryan and Col. "William Robards, late Public 
 Treasurer, then citizens of Granville. 
 +The late Gov. Branch. 
 
; 
 
 J 
 
 ...;,..._,.,._ 
 
 EAR^Y TIMES IN UALEIGIi. 
 
 ADDRESSES 
 
 DELIVERED BY THE 
 
 HON. DAVID L. SWAIN, LL. D, 
 
 AT THE DEDICATION OF 
 
 TUCKER HALL," 
 
 AND ON THE OCCASION OF THE COMPLETION OF THE 
 MONUMENT TO 
 
 JACOB JOHNSON; 
 
 WITII 
 
 MAPS OF THE CITY OF RALEIGH, 
 
 FOR THE YEARS 1792, 1834 AND 1847. 
 
 R A L E I G II : 
 
 W A ITERS, HUGHES & C M P A N Y , 
 
 1 8 G 7 . 
 
w. t. w vt,teks. j. ir. MtLL-s. t. m. huoues 
 
 WALTERS, HUGHES & *C0., 
 
 rifif lie I Piiyiiini, 
 
 NO. 42, F.4YETTEVILLE STREET, 
 
 (OPPOSITE SEW NATIO> m i:\NK.I 
 
 E A L E I a 11 , X . C . 
 
 BIBLICAL 11 E C O II D E 1 J , 
 
 A FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
 
 DEVOTED TO 
 
 Religion, 
 
 Morality, 
 
 Literature 
 
 and General 
 
 Intelligence. 
 
 W. T. W4LTERS, ) r ,i:*„... 
 
 3. H MILL*, { Editor*. 
 
 W. ML WITVOATJE, D. !>., Associate Editor. 
 
 PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY. 
 
 Price $3 00---------- -Per Annum. 
 
 RATES OF ADVERTISING. 
 
 For first insertion, ------- in cents, a line, 
 
 " subsequent insertion, - • 5 ' 
 
 Special contracts made for long advertisements, and for those inserted by 
 the year. 
 
 BOOKS, MAGAZINES, PAMPHLETS 
 
 NEWSPAPERS CARDS, BILL HEADS 
 
 AND AXL KINDS OF 
 
 PLAIN AXTD COLORED PP.IXTTING- 
 
 Done with neatness and dispatch, and upon terms .as favorable as can 
 be eleen here obtained. 
 
 lb N '10 
 
 y 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 0014418 101 3 
 
 jggj 
 
 H 
 
 Hffieffi