^Ml 
 
 %SWi* 
 
 
 ■yH^nHHi 
 
 
 
 ^W^^B 
 
 
 
 RJnffl^^Mfl 
 
 
 ^KHmfwM 
 
 
 
 |H 
 
 
 fl|fci|MURm 
 
 
 l^jU 
 
 
 
 UHH 
 
 
 
 jWW^Wffl 
 
 
 
 m^m 
 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 ODDDSDflia?? 
 
^--<>^ 
 
 
 •^0 
 
 5^ 
 
 .-i^^ 
 
 ^^•^^^ 
 
 •••'- "C^. .O"^ .» -o ^^ 
 
 OK 
 
 
 0" ♦ 
 
 
 
 > • i 
 
 4^ o**"** ^ O^ .^ 
 
 3V 
 
 -^0^ 
 
 A 9^ 
 

 * •;^ 
 
 ^Mr.^ 
 
 • A p. 
 
 i4> 
 
 ^0 «y. *Gi 
 
One Hundred 
 Years 
 
 
Copyright 1914 
 
 BY 
 
 Allan Sutherland 
 
 AUG -I 1914 
 
iiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^ 
 
 The Centenary 
 
 of the 
 
 Star-Spangled Banner 
 
 (Illustrated) 
 
 By 
 
 Allan Sutherland 
 
 Author of 
 "Famous Hymns of the World" 
 
 Advertisers Publishing Co. 
 
 1336 Cherry Street 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
t 3o . 
 
 
 tf s^ C^S^rSSo^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^H 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^Bj 
 
 'A^E ' !^^M ^bI^^^F ^^^a^^^^^^^^^^^l^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l^l 
 
 
 aK ** '^' .^^H^I^^^^H 
 
 ■^^^i^^^^H 
 
 ^k."*^^^^^! 
 
 
 
 ^^^^^BS^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^-'^-' 
 
 
 /» 
 
 Ur 
 
 aA378332 
 
One Hundredth Anniversary '- 
 
 of the Writing of the 
 
 "Star-Spangled Banner" 
 
 AMERICA is doing honor to one 
 who, while his soul was throbbing 
 with anxiety for the fate of his 
 country and a devoted city, gave ex- 
 pression to his intense patriotism in the 
 song of a battle from which the Stars 
 and Stripes emerged victoriously: in the 
 gray dawn of a September morning, one 
 hundred years ago. That song has be- 
 come famous and is now known far and 
 wide as the "Star-Spangled Banner." 
 
 The one hundredth anniversary of 
 the inspired poem is being celebrated rn 
 Baltimore with intense enthusiasm, 
 which reaches its climax September 
 14th, the actual anniversary of the 
 writing of the poem. During this 
 Centennial Week the President and 
 many other notable men of the country 
 assemble to pay homage to the author, 
 Francis Scott Key. 
 
One Hundredth Anniversary 
 
 The Mayor of Baltimore, in his desire 
 to make this a national celebration, has 
 requested the chief executives of every 
 city in the land to order flags to be 
 unfurled from all staffs under municipal 
 control from September 6th to 13th, 
 and to request that the Stars and 
 Stripes shall wave over business institu- 
 tions and residences everywhere. 
 
 The events connected with the writing 
 of this song form one of the most inter- 
 esting chapters in the annals of our 
 country, and the tlirilling story should 
 be familiar to every one to whom Old 
 Glory is an inspiration to worthier liv- 
 ing. 
 
 The hymn had its inception in the 
 fierce tumult of a battle, upon the issue 
 of which depended the fate of a devoted 
 city; and its birth-throes, in the gray 
 dawning of an autumn morning, were in 
 the breast of a noble patriot whose heart ' 
 was filled with anxiety over the doubt- 
 ful termination of the fight. 
 
 Early in the fall of 1814 the British 
 
The Star-Spcmglecl Banijer 
 
 troops and ships met with little oppo- 
 sition in their attack on the city of 
 Washington, in which they were suc- 
 cessful in destroying the Capitol, White 
 House and many important documents. 
 With a similar intent on the city of 
 Baltimore, Admiral Sir Alexander 
 Cochrane, in command of the British 
 naval forces, and General Ross, in com- 
 
 BIRTHPLACE OF FRAXCIS SCOTT KEY 
 
 mand of the land forces, set sail for that 
 city. With the fleet went Dr. William 
 Beanes of Upper Marlborough, an 
 American prisoner on board one of the 
 ships. If Dr. Beanes had been free at 
 that time the "Star-Spangled Banner" 
 never would have been written. 
 
One Hundredth Anniversary 
 
 The doctor's capture was due to a 
 peculiar circumstance. He had enter- 
 tained several English officers in his 
 home and had made the best of the en- 
 forced situation. In the fortunes of 
 war Dr. Beanes acted as. a gentleman 
 should, and in spite of his patriotism 
 was an agreeable host. 
 
 When the British withdrew from 
 Washington they were beset by a terrific 
 storm which gave their withdrawal much 
 the appearance of a retreat. Dr. 
 Beanes and several of his friends im- 
 mediately started to celebrate what they 
 thought to be an American victory. 
 Three British soldiers straggling along 
 after the main force were apprehended 
 by the doctor and his friends and 
 placed in jail. One of these men having 
 escaped, met a body of English horse- 
 men, and the latter returned to the 
 rescue, arresting the doctor. For a 
 time things looked serious for the 
 American, and there were even hints of 
 a "hanging at the yard-arm." The news 
 reached Washington, and a brilliant 
 3^oung attorney of Georgetown, Francis 
 Scott Key, and a friend, John S. Skin- 
 ner, commissioner in the exchange of 
 prisoners, set out to release Dr. Beanes. 
 
The Star-Spangled Banner 
 
 Being a leading citizen in the section, 
 it was determined to save him if at all 
 possible. 
 
 The young lawyer obtained permis- 
 sion of President Madison to use a small 
 cartel-ship, the ]\Iinden, and with Mr. 
 Skinner, hastened to Baltimore. They 
 were soon on their way down the Chesa- 
 peake Bay in search of the British fleet, 
 which they found at the mouth of the 
 Potomac River preparing for an attack 
 on Baltimore. 
 
 When they were received by Admiral 
 Cochrane, Key and Skinner were in- 
 formed that it had been the intention 
 of the commander to use the aforemen- 
 tioned yard-arm in connection with Dr. 
 Beanes, until it was learned that the 
 doctor had not only been an admirable 
 host, but had also attended the wounds 
 of several British officers who were in- 
 jured in the Battle of Bladensburg, one 
 of the fights in the vicinity of Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 Admiral Cochrane granted the re- 
 quest of Skinner and Key, but refused 
 to allow them to return to Baltimore. 
 It was his intention to attack tlie city 
 and he wanted no warning given before 
 
One Hundredth Anniversary 
 
 the approach of his ships ; therefore, 
 the three Americans were compelled to 
 stand idly on the deck of their ship 
 watching the walls of Fort ^NIcHenry, 
 on the Patapsco River, appear through 
 the distance as it became more and more 
 evident that it was the intention of the 
 fleet to attack this key to Baltimore. 
 
 After landing General Ross and his 
 forces at North Point, the fleet formed 
 in a semicircle across the river for the 
 attack on the fort, about two and a 
 half miles away, which is thus described 
 in Admiral Cochrane's report to the 
 British Admiralty : "I hoisted my flag 
 on the Surprise, and with the remainder 
 of the frigates, bomb sloops, and the 
 rocket ship, passed further up the 
 river. At daybreak the next morning, 
 September 13th, the bomb ships having 
 taken their stations within shell range, 
 supported by the Surprise, with the 
 other frigates and sloops, opened their 
 fire upon the fort tliat protected the 
 harbor." 
 
 The destruction of the fleet with 
 modern coast artillery would have been 
 but a matter of moments, but iij those 
 days Fort ]\IcHenry was not so 
 equipped. Its forty-two-pounders were 
 
The Star-Spangled Banner 
 
 incapable of reaching the fleet. The 
 low-lying, squatty-looking little brick- 
 and-earth fort seemed insignificant, and 
 it has been stated that on this account 
 its commander, Lieutenant Colonel 
 George Armistead, had received orders 
 not to attempt defense against the 
 attack of the British fleet. Doubtless 
 he fought more heroically, knowing that 
 a court martial would await him for dis- 
 obeying orders if he failed. 
 
 Just before the opening of the battle, 
 the three Americans were placed on 
 board of their own ship, under guard 
 of marines to prevent their landing, and 
 the boat was anchored in a position 
 which commanded an excellent view of 
 the engagement. 
 
 At sunset the flag was still waving 
 from the ramparts. Then began the 
 long night vigil of the three friends. 
 The strain of anxious waiting was tre- 
 mendous. Now and then a shell burst 
 near the fort, showing by its glare that 
 our flag was still flying. Sleep was, 
 of course, out of the question. There 
 was nothing to do but wait. 
 
 About midnight the firing ceased ; but 
 an hour later the ships, having moved 
 closer, opened a terrific fire which was 
 
"OLD GLORY" 
 
The Star-Spangled Banner 
 
 continued for some time. Then again 
 the firing ceased. Torn with anxiety, 
 fearing lest the cessation of fire meant 
 that the fort had been taken, they 
 sought to learn the all-important thing, 
 • — was the flag still flying? 
 
 The supreme moment of their lives 
 came when, through "the mists of the 
 d^wri, the flag was discovered "gallantly 
 streaming" , in all jts peerless beauty 
 over the rah^parts >'o.f the fort. The 
 hymn, which had been forming in Key's 
 mind as he watched for the flag, burst 
 forth in the moment of his great joy, 
 and found its birthplace on the back of 
 an old envelope. 
 
 Key and his friends were then allowed 
 to land. It developed that the land 
 forces had been defeated and that Gen- 
 eral Ross had been killed. It was the 
 receipt of this news that had caused 
 Admiral Cochrane to turn loose on the 
 fort all the fury of his armament at one 
 o'clock in the morning. 
 
 Key completed his poem on the way 
 to the shore, and the following morn- 
 ing showed it to his brother-in-law. 
 Judge Nicholson, who realizing its rare 
 merits, took it at once to a Baltimore 
 printer, who published it as a small 
 
XED BANNER" 
 
 saw "O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming," in the 
 
THE ORIGINAL "STA 
 
 rhis flag now in the National Museum at Washington, is the one which Fran 
 it oeptember 14. 1814 anri wKl^K Ir^cr^ir^J „.— „»»: ^_i i -tl. a 
 
One Hundredth Anniversary 
 
 handbill. In a short time that handbill 
 had become the prized possession of 
 thousands. It was set to the tune of an 
 old hymn, "Anachreon in Heaven," by 
 John Stafford Smith, and was first sung 
 in the Hollidav Street Theatre, Balti- 
 more, by Ferdinand Durang, after which 
 its popularity spread throughout the 
 length and breadth of the nation. It 
 played an important part in the Battle 
 of New Orleans, which was fought more 
 than two weeks after the signing of the 
 treaty of peace in Ghent, in December, 
 18U. 
 
 In every respect Key was worthy of 
 the honor of having his anthem adopted 
 as the national hymn. He was, in the 
 full sense of the word, a Christian gen- 
 tleman, and although he wrote several 
 poems of merit, and was remarkable as 
 a lawyer and statesman, is known almost 
 entirely to-day as the author of the 
 "Star-Spangled Banner." He was born 
 on his father's estate. Terra Rubra, in 
 Frederick, Maryland, on August 1st, 
 1779. After graduating from St. John's 
 College, Annapolis, he practised law for 
 some time in Frederick. Later he re- 
 
The Star-Spangled Banner 
 
 moved to Georgetown, D. C. For three 
 terms he was district attorney of the 
 District of Columbia. He died in Balti- 
 more, January 11th, 1843. Every Me- 
 morial Day the flag which constantly 
 floats over his grave in Mt. Olivet Ceme- 
 tery, Frederick, is renewed by loving 
 hands. 
 
 The first monument in memory of the 
 poet was erected in what w^as not even 
 United States territory at the time of 
 the attack on Baltimore, or, in fact, for 
 many years afterward. Golden Gate 
 Park, San Francisco, is the home of the 
 first statue to Francis Scott Key. On 
 the one liundred and eighteenth anni- 
 versary of his birth, August 9th, 1898, 
 a beautiful monument was erected in 
 Frederick, ^Maryland, by the people of 
 that town. 
 
 Physically he was described as being 
 "tall, erect and of admirable propor- 
 tions. There dwelt usually upon his 
 handsome and winning features a soft 
 and touching pensiveness of expression, 
 almost bordering on sadness, but which, 
 in moments of special excitement, or 
 when anything occurred to aw^aken the 
 dormant heroism of his nature, or to 
 
One Hundredth Anniversary 
 
 call into action the higher power of 
 vigorous and well-cultivated intellect, 
 gave place to a bright ethereality of 
 aspect and noble audacity of tone 
 which pleased while it dazzled the be- 
 holder." 
 
 A few years before his death, Mr. 
 Key thus spoke, at a banquet, of the 
 attack on Baltimore: "I witnessed the 
 preparation for the assault, and saw 
 the array of enemies as they advanced 
 to the attack. I heard the sound of 
 battle, the noise of the conflict fell upon 
 my listening ear and told me that the 
 brave and the free had met the invaders. 
 Then did I remember that Maryland 
 had called her sons to the defense of the 
 flag, and that they were the sons of 
 sires who had left their crimson foot- 
 prints on the snows of the North, and 
 poured out the blood of patriots, like 
 water, on the sands of the South. 
 Then did I remember that there were 
 gathered around that banner, among its 
 defenders, men who had heard and an- 
 swered the call of their country, from 
 these mountainsides and from this beau- 
 tiful valley and from this fair city of 
 my native country ; and though I walked 
 
The Star-Spangled Banner 
 
 upon a deck surrounded by a hostile 
 fleet, yet was my step firm and my heart 
 strong as these recollections came upon 
 me. Through the clouds of war, the 
 stars of that banner still shone in my 
 view, and I saw the discomfited host of 
 the assailants driven back in ignominy 
 to their ships. Then, in that hour of 
 deliverance and joyful triumph, the 
 heart spoke ; and do not such a country 
 and such defenders of their country de- 
 serve a song? was the question. With it 
 came an inspiration not to be resisted ; 
 and if it had been a hanging matter to 
 make a song, I must have made it. Let 
 the praise then, if any be due, be given 
 not to me, who did what I could not 
 help doing, but to the inspirers of the 
 song !" 
 
 The flag which floated from Fort 
 McHenry during the attack by the 
 British was in itself interesting, and 
 the greater portion of it still remains 
 preserved in the National Museum at 
 Washington. A reproduction from a 
 photograph taken at Washington is 
 shown on another page. 
 
One Hundredth Anniversary 
 
 Its proportions were large, measuring 
 thirty by forty feet, originally. It was 
 made by Mrs. Mary Pickersgill, for- 
 merly Mary Young, a Philadelphia girl, 
 born in the year of Independence, Feb- 
 ruary 12th, 1776. It was in the days 
 when a stripe as well as a star was added 
 to the flag for each new state. When it 
 was found to be growing larger, with a 
 prospect of soon being unshapely, the 
 addition of new stripes was abandoned, 
 the flag was returned to its original pro- 
 portions and the thirteen stripes repre- 
 senting the original states were made 
 permanent. 
 
 ]Mary Pickersgill's flag liad fifteen 
 stripes, each two feet wide, and fifteen 
 stars, each two feet in diameter. The 
 blue field rested on the ninth stripe, a 
 red one, instead of the eighth and white 
 stripe as in the present flag. 
 
 A piece cut out from one of its cor- 
 ners is said to be buried with one of the 
 old defenders of the fort, who made a 
 dying request that a bit of the flag be 
 placed over his dead heart. 
 
 During the battle the flag was struck 
 eleven times, one shell cutting out one 
 of the stars. 
 
The Star-Spangled Banner 
 
 The flag floated over the tent that 
 slieltered General Lafayette when he 
 was entertained at Fort McHenry, Sep- 
 tember 14th, 1824; and was carried in 
 tile funeral procession of Colonel Armi- 
 stead, who died April 25th, 1818, and 
 was buried in the old St. Paul burying 
 ground, Baltimore. It was exhibited 
 at the Centennial Exhibition, Phila- 
 delphia, 1876, and at the Old South 
 Church, Boston, June 1-itli, 1877, the 
 centennial of the adoption of the flag 
 by Congress. At the Peace Festival 
 in Boston, June 15th, 1869, the "Star- 
 Spangled Banner" was sung by ten 
 thousand voices, with full orchestra, 
 drum corps, chiming bells and artillery 
 accompaniments. The effect was elec- 
 trical, and the greatest enthusiasm pre- 
 vailed. 
 
 It is not generally known that Dr. 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes added a verse 
 to the poem at the outbreak of the Civil 
 War. It is as follows : 
 
 "When our land is illumined with Liberty's smile. 
 If a foe from within strikes a blow at her glory» 
 
 Down, down with the traitor who dares to defile 
 The flag of her stars and the page of her story : 
 
One Hundredth Anniversary 
 
 By the millions of unchained when our birthright 
 was gained, 
 
 We will keep her bright blazon for ever un- 
 stained : 
 
 And the Star-Spangled Banner in triumph shall 
 wave 
 
 While the land of the free is the home of the 
 brave." 
 
 In a Flag Day address before the 
 clerks of his department, June 14th, 
 1914, Secretary Franklin K. Lane, of 
 the Interior Department, Washington, 
 D. C, imagines our country's flag 
 speaking as follows : 
 
 "I am whatever you make me, nothing 
 more. I am 3^our belief in yourself, 
 your dream of what a people may be- 
 come. I live a changing life, a life of 
 moods and passions, of heart-breaks 
 and tired muscles. Sometimes I am 
 strong with pride, when men do an 
 honest w^ork, fitting the rails together 
 truly; sometimes I droop, for then pur- 
 pose has gone from me, and cynically 
 I play the coward. Sometimes I am 
 loud, garish and full of that ego which 
 blasts judgment; but always I am all 
 that you hope to be and have the cour- 
 age to try for. I am song and fear, 
 struggle and panic, and ennobling hope. 
 
The Star-Spangled Banner 
 
 I am the day's work of the weakest man, 
 and the largest dream of the most far- 
 ing". ... I am no more than you 
 believe me to be, and I am all that you 
 believe I can be. I am what you make 
 me, nothing more. I swing before you 
 as a bright gleam of color, a symbol 
 of yourself, the pictured suggestion of 
 that big thing which makes this nation. 
 My stars and my stripes are your 
 dreams and your labors. They are 
 bright with cheer, brilliant with courage, 
 firm with faith, because you have made 
 them so out of your hearts, for you are 
 the makers of the flag, and it is weP 
 that you glory in the making !" 
 
 It is eminently fitting that the mem- 
 ory of the author of "The Star Span- 
 gled Banner" should be honored. Al- 
 though Congress has not seen fit to na- 
 tionalize his famous lines, they are en- 
 shrined in the hearts of over 100,000,- 
 000 patriotic Americans whose proudest 
 possession is the Stars and Stripes. May 
 they wave forever ! 
 
The Star-Spangled Banner 
 
 Oh say ! can you see, by the dawn's early light, 
 What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's 
 last gleaming. 
 Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the 
 perilous fight. 
 O'er the ramparts we watch'd were so gallantly 
 streaming? 
 And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting 
 
 in air. 
 Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was 
 
 still there. 
 Oh say ! does that star-spangled banner yet wave 
 O'er the land of the free and the home of the 
 brave ? 
 
 On the shore, dimly seen thro' the midst of the 
 
 deep 
 Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence 
 
 reposes, 
 What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering 
 
 steep 
 As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half dis- 
 closes ? 
 Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first 
 
 beam. 
 In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream ; 
 'Tis the star-spangled banner, oh! long may it 
 
 wave 
 O'er the land of the free and the home of the 
 
 brave ! 
 
 Oh ! thus be it e'er when freemen shall stand 
 Between their loved homes and the war's deso- 
 lation ; 
 Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav'n- 
 rescued land 
 Praise the pow'r that hath made and preserv'd 
 us a nation f 
 Then conquer we must when our cause it is just. 
 And this be our motto, "In God is our trust." 
 And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall 
 
 - wave 
 O'er the land of the free and the home of the 
 brave. 
 
 89 w 
 

 
 'C'^ 'o.l* ,0 
 
 
 I i 
 
 o 
 S o 
 
 
 .^'** 
 

 » • 
 
 
 • « 
 
 
 
 WE^T BOOKBJ 
 
 A' ^ 
 
 =o 
 
 • * „♦< „ M^^:- 
 
 "^^ % Q