.'^^'V. \ «^ '-^ik'"^ ^ 'W' tn*-t^ ^Vf^M^«:i*<«,eA~,_-^<««ti> 9 7 2 A€/rcc.c_^. yjen'/j^^ '*/A'«'^*«f ■J'"^*"^* f^^-^'^CiCv^^^ ^<^ Of*/it^ /icr^^ Ccc-{,^'iX> p-fl(iCe(«^q ^ JU^X^rx) J'f^t.c/nAJL -^Cyc^^cl- -^ ttAt/^yiA. "0 I'-i.A^tj Aut' et^J /<<(/o^ Art. y tr^^/Ci/ c/<*<^ . ^-^k <^ X^-*^ £ett4^/ cd %/:£«<< L'ENVOI. Book lovers may be interested to k-novv that after dili- gent search by the Publisher, all tht- different processes involved in makiny this book — type-setting, electrotvping, printing, engraving portraits, cutting dies, and binding — were found in one establishment, all under one roof, in the City of Buffalo, N. Y. He believes that this cannot be said of any book of a similar magnitude ever before published. He would also add that the superior quality of work shown in this production is largelv due to the personal and intelligent co-operation of the members of the firm under whose generous auspices " One of a Thousand " has been manufactured. IN THE BELIEF THAT THE LABORER IS WORTHY OF HIS HIRE, AND ALSO THAT PROPER CREDIT IS TOO INFREQUENTLY GIVEN WHERE JUSTLY DUE, THE AUTHOR TAKES GREAT PLEASURE IN DEDICATING THIS VOLUME TO ALL WHO HAVE BEEN IN ANY WAY ASSOCIATED IN ITS COMPILATION, OR CONNECTED WITH ITS MECHANICAL EXECUTION. BIOGRAPHIES One Thousand Representative Men MASSACHUSETTS. ABBOT, Francis Ellingwood, son of Joseph Hale and Fanny (Larcom) Abbot, was born in Boston, November 6, 1836. His early education was obtained at home, and in the Boston public Latin school. Fitting for college, he entered Harvard in 1855, and was graduated with the class of 1859. He spent three years in the Harvard divinity school and Mead- ville (Pa.) Theological Seminary. It is a fitting tribute to the mother of the subject of this sketch that he has filially attributed his best education to her early training and blessed influence. Mr. Abbot was principal of the Mead- ville (Pa.) Female Seminary three years ending in June, 1S63, while still studying for his profession He was ordained min- ister of the Unitarian society in Dover, N. H., August 31, 1864, and resigned April I, 1868, to become minister of the Independent religious society in the same city. He resigned this position at the end of si.K months, because, in conse- quence of a famous law-suit (set forth at great length in the New Hampshire Re- ports, Vol. 53), the new society voted not to maintain its own independent position. He served as minister of the Independent society of Toledo, Ohio, from July, 1869, to March, 1873, and editor of the Toledo (afterward Boston) " Inde.x " from Janu- ary I, 1870, to July I, 1880. He kept a classical school for boys in New York until September, 1881, and has had since that time a "Home for I5oys " in Cam- bridge, fitting pupils for Harvard College l)y private instruction. Mr. Abbot was married in Nashua, N. H., August 3, 1859, to Katharine Fear- ing, the daughter of David and Susanna (Sherman) Loring. Of this union are three children living : Everett Vergnies (Har- vard 1886), Edward Stanley (Harvard 1887), and Fanny Larcom Abbot. Mr Abbot received the degree of Ph. D. from Harvard University in 1881. He has published numerous articles, chiefly philosophical, in the " North American Review," "Christian Examiner," "Jour- nal of Speculative Philosophy," London " Fortnightly Review," London " Mind," etc. He published "Scientific Theism" through Little, Brown iS: Co., Boston, and Macmillan & Co., London, in 1885 ; three editions of this work have already ap- peared. ABBOTT, JOSIAH GARDNER, who traces his lineage back to the first settlers of this Commonwealth, was born in Chelms- ford, Middlesex county, November i, 1815. He is the second son of Caleb and Mercy (Fletcher) Abbott, descendants from the Puritan George Abbott, who came from Yorkshire, England, in 1630, and settled in Andover, and William Fletcher, who came from Devonshire, England, in 1640, and settled first in Concord, and finally, in 1651, in Chelmsford. After his foundation studies he was fitted for college under the instruction of Ralph Waldo Emerson. He entered Harvard at the early age of twelve, and was gradu- ated in the class of 1832. After taking his degree, he studied law with Nathaniel Wright, of Lowell, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. In 1840 he formed a part- nersliip with Samuel Brown, which termi- nated when he was appointed to the bench in i8? = . ABBOTT. ABBOTT. In 183S Judge Abbott was married to Caroline, daughter of the Hon. Edward St. Loe and Sarah Crease (Stackpole) Liver- more, of New Hampshire. Mr. Livermore was judge of the supreme court of New Hampshire and afterwards member of Con- gress from Massachusetts. Their children are : Caroline Mercy, Edward Gardner, Henry Livermore, Fletcher Morton, Wil- liam Stackpole, Samuel Appleton Browne, Sarah Livermore, Franklin Pierce, Arthur St. Loe Livermore, Grafton St. Loe, and Holker Welch Abbott. The first, Brevet- Major Edward G. .\bbott, a graduate of Harvard of i860, raised one of the first JOSIAH G ABBOTT. companies sworn into the volunteer service, and joined the 2d Massachusetts regiment. He was killed at the battle of Cedar Mountain. Brevet-Gen. Henry L. Abbott, a graduate of Harvard of i860, entered the 20th Massachusetts regiment as lieutenant. He was killed in the battle of the Wilder- ness. Capt. Fletcher M. Abbott entered the 2d Massachusetts regiment as second lieutenant, and served through the war. After the war he took a degree of M. D. from Harvard. Of these children si.x are living: Fletcher Morton, Samuel, a grad- uate of Harvard, Sarah, Franklin, a grad- uate of Harvard law school, Grafton, a graduate of Harvard, and Holker. Judge Abbott had just reached his ma- jority when he was chosen as representative to the Legislature. In 1841 he was elected state senator. During his first term in the Senate he served as member of the rail- road and judiciary committees, and in his second term was chairman of the same. He is a Democrat, and has always been an acknowledged leader in his party. In 1844 he was a delegate to the national Democratic convention at Baltimore, which nominated James Iv. Polk , and he has been a delegate, either from his district or the State at large, to all but two of the national Democratic conventions since, and been chosen chairman of the delegation for the seven last conventions. He has several times been chosen the candidate of his party for United States senator. Judge Abbott was on the staff of Gov. Marcus Morton. In 1853 he was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, which consisted so largely of men of exceptional ability. Upon his retirement from the bench, having won an enviable reputation for judicial fairness and legal acumen, he removed to Boston, where he has since re- sided. In 1S74 he was elected member of Congress from the 4th congressional tlis- trict. He was chosen by his colleagues member of the Electoral Commission to determine the controverted result of the presidential election in 1876. The honor paid him was fully justified by the courage and ability shown in that trying position. From his entrance into professional life, Judge Abbott has taken and held a leading position, having probably tried as many cases as any member of the bar now liv- ing. He has great capacity for labor, and immense power of application — most im- portant qualities in the conducting of long and sharply contested jury trials. ABBOTT, William, son of Benjamin and Mary C. (Chase) Abbott, was born in Temple, Franklin county, .Maine, Novem- ber 25, 1834. His early education was obtained in the common schools in Maine till iS5i,when his father moved to East Douglas, Worces- ter county, Mass., where he attended the high school. His first business connection was in the country store of Jones, Abbott & Co., East Douglas. A few years later he formed the new partnership of Metcalf & Abbott, which continued for three years, when he bought out Mr. Metcalf, and for seven years conducted the business alone, the yearly sales increasing from twenty thou- sand to one hundred thousand dollars. .\t AUAMS. ADAMS. the end of this time he retired from the store and became a dealer in real estate, manufacturer of himber, notary pubHc, collector and conveyancer. On the 3d of July, 1859, Mr. Abbott was married to Hannah M., daughter of Nelson and Hannah (.Morse) Potter. Their children are Nellie F. and Hattie G. Abbott. In 1874 Mr. Abbott served in the House of Representatives, and in 1879 ^"d 1880 was a member of the Senate. For nine years he was chairman of the board of selectmen, assessor and town treasurer. He is now one of the trustees of the VVhit- insville Savings Bank, and one of the in- vestment committee. His present resi- dence is East Douglas. Mr. Abbott is distinctively a self-made man. When he was ciuite young his father lost his entire property by fire, and at the age of si.xteen he was obliged to make his own way in the world and do what he could in the way of support of the family. His energy overcame all obstacles, and he has succeeded in placing himself upon the list of successful men in Massachusetts. ADAMS, Charles Follen, son of Ira and Mary Elizabeth (Senter) Adams, was born in Dorchester, Norfolk county, April 21, 1842. He was the youngest but one of ten children, and has now five sisters and three brothers living. He received a common school education, and leaving the grammar school in Dor- chester at fifteen years of age, went as a boy into the well-known house of N. I). Whitney & Co., Boston, to learn the busi- ness. He was afterwards salesman in the same house, then went into business for himself with John D. Clapp, under the firm name of j. D. Clapp & Co. In 1872 he became a partner in the firm of Nichol- son & Adams, hair goods for ladies' wear, and later on made a change in business to that of furnishing supplies for the five, ten and twenty-five cent counters that have had such a phenomenal run — the firm name being Newell, Adams & Co. He sold out his interest January i, 18S5, and is now doing a manufacturing and com- mission business, in addition to his journal- istic work. At the age of twenty, in August, 1S62, he enlisted in the 13th regiment Massa- chusetts volunteers, and was in the battles of Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chan- cellorsville and Gettysburg — wounded in the latter and held prisoner for three days, when he was re-captured and taken to the hospitals in New York and Rhode Island. After his recovery he was detailed as ward- master in the convalescent hospital at Washington, where he remained until his term of service expired, in August, 1864. He returned home and established the business that has since demanded his at- tention. The literary portion of his life is only his diversion, never interfering with his methodical business habits. CHARLES F, ADAMS. Charles Follen Adams, however, is best known from his humorous and dialectic poems, he having sprung into recogni- tion at once upon the production of his '• Leedle Yawcob Strauss." His first effort at rhyme was written in 1870, and his first dialectic verse, " The Puzzled Dutchman," appeared in 1872. From that time he was an occasional contributor to Boston papers, "Oliver Optic's Magazine," "Scribner's Monthly," and others, until 1876, when " Leedle Yawcob Strauss" appeared in the "Detroit Free Press," since which time his poems have appeared in that paper, " Harper's Magazine," and other publica- tions. The house of Lee & Shepard published Mr. .Vdams's first volume of poems, entitled " Leedle Yawcob Strauss, and Other Poems." His second volume, entitled " Dialect Ballads," was published by Harper & Brothers, New York (1887), being a companion to the former volume. Mr. Adams was married in Boston, ADAMS. ADAMS. October ii, 1S70, to Hattie Louise, daugh- ter of James and Emily Dorcas (Sneil) Mills. Of this union are two ihiklren : Charles .Mills and Ella Paige Adams. ADAMS, Charles Francis, second son of Charles Francis and Abi.gail Brown (Brooks) Adams, was born in Boston, Mav 27, 1835- He entered Harvard College in 1S52, and grailuateil in 1856. Choosing the law for his profession, he entered, as a student, the office of Richard H. Dana, Jr., of Bos- ton. He was admittetl to the bar Mav 7, 1858. In February, 1S60, he was admitted to practice at the bar of the United States Supreme Court. The same year he resigneti his military commission which he held as adjutant of the 2d regiment, M. V. M., with rank of lieutenant. Later, he toi)k a trip through the West in company with Sen- ator Seward, during which he contributed to the New York papers several articles upon the political prospects of that region. In December, 1861, he was commis- sioned as first lieutenant in the ist Mas- sachusetts cavalry, and received his com- mission as captain in October, 1862. He participated in all the actions of his com- mand, and was on every march during the war. In January, 1864, the comjiany which he commanded — company I) — re-enlisted as a company, and came home on a furlough under his command. They were publicly received in Boston, January 23, with an escort, and were welcomed in Faneuil Hall 'with speeches from the gov- ernor and other representative men. He was finally mustered out of the service July, 1865, with the brevet rank of briga- dier-general of volunteers. He has since devoted his attention chiefly to railroad matters. In 1869 he was appointeil a member of the board of railroad commissioners, and performed con- spicuous service for ten consecutive years, the last two, '78 and '79, serving as chair- man of the board. His reports attracted much attention, not only in the state but throughout the country, and he speedily became recognized as authority on matters relating to construction, maintenance, and management of railway lines. In 187 1, in connection with his brother Henry, an author, he published " Chapters of Erie and other Essays." In 1882 he was elected a member of the board of overseers of Harvard College, ami in 1884 was chosen president of the Union Pacific Railway, since which time he has given undivided attention to the management of this important trunk line ; and while in some quarters it has been severelv criti- cised, yet the general verdict has been that the trust has been executed with rare fidel- ity, unquestioned integrity, and with re- markable success. The -Adams family has long been con- .spicuously influential, not only in state but in national affairs. From the time when Henry Adams received a grant of land in Braintree in 1636, and came over from Devonshire, England, with his eight sons to enter upon his possessions, there has not been a weak link in the brilliant chain of illustrious and remarkable men — men who have left their impress for good upon legis- lation, upon diplomacy, ujion all that has tended to give character and strength to our cherished institutions. Mr. .Adams was married in Newport, R. I., Nov. 8. 1865, to ^Fary, daughter of E. and C. Ogden. Their children are : .Mary, Louisa C Elizabeth, John and Henry .\dams. ADAMS, Charles R., son of Charles and Eliza .Ann .Adams, was born in Charles- town, Middlesex county, February 10, 185 (.. CHARLES R. AOAMS. His early education was received at the grammar school, Charlestown, and at Wesleyan .\cademy, Wilbraham. He early developed musical talents, and his first teacher of vocal music was Mr. Edwin Bruce of Boston, then after- AUAMS, ADAMS. 5 wards Mme. ArnouU, and for a number of years his voice was frequently heard in the concert halls of Boston and vicinity. During several years he sustained the tenor roles in the oratorio performance of the Handel and Haydn Society, to the satisfaction of the public, upon which Iiis hold became very strong. Having chosen music as his profession, Mr. .\dams studied and traveled with Prof. Mulder, formerly one of the profes- sors of the Royal Opera, Paris, and ac- companied him to Europe. Prior to sail- ing for Europe they gave a series of con- certs through the United States, which were very successful, the tour extending to Canada ; and from St. John they sailed for Barbadoes, West Indies, giving con- certs at all the islands. Mr. .Xdams after- wards went to London and Amsterdam, meeting at the latter place Professor Mulder, who had preceded him thither, and with him went on a concert tour through Holland, receiving at that time from \'ien- na an invitation to sing at the Austrian capital, in "Sonnambula" with Mile. Artot After learning the opera in three days, he made his first appearance in Vienna, which was a great success. Subsequently, through the influence of his instructor, Barbiere, he secured an engagement at the Imperial Opera House in Berlin. After a tour in Russia, he returned to Vienna and accepted a three years' en- gagement at Pesth, for the German Opera. He a|)peared at the Imperial Opera House in Berlin for three consecutive years, and the following nine years was the leading tenor at the Hofoper, in Vienna. During this time he sang in opera two seasons at the Covent Garden, London, one season at the Scala, Milan, and one at the Royal Opera, Madrid, as well as at the principal opera houses in Germany. He returned to America in 1877, appearing throughout the United States in German and Italian Opera. A few years ago he settled in Boston as a teacher of vocal music, in wiiich he has been eminently successful, standing high in the estimation of the profession and the public — a position he has merited by years of conscientious study. ADAMS, George A., son of Garilner and Eunice R. (Darling) Adams, was born in Siiringficld, Hampden county, .April 5, 1850. His early education was received in the public schools of Franklin, and in the private high school at Walpole. He fitted for college in Dean ,\cademy, I'rank- lin, and entered Tufts in the class of 1873, but was unable to complete the course on account of a severe accident received in college. He taught school two years under Prof. L. L. Burrington, Goddard Seminary, Barre, Vt. ; studied law and was admitted to the bar. May 8, 1873, at Dedham, Norfolk county ; began practice of law in .Vttleborough, July 25, 1873, where he has continued in legal practice until the present time. Mr. .A.dams was married in Franklin, November 30, 1871, to Clara I., daughter of Horace M. and Sarah M. (Cole) Gowen. GEORGE A. ADAMS, Of this union were two children : May S. and Charles (j. .Adams. Mr. .\dams is past noble grand, I. O. O. F. ; member of the Knights of Pythias and Royal Arcanum, and ist lieutenant, company I, 5th regiment Massachusetts volunteer militia. He has been seven years a member of the school board, a portion of that time chairman, resigning his position on the board in 1880. He was a member of the House of Representatives in i8S4and '85 ; serving on the committee on probate and insolvency in 1884 ; chairman of the House committee on labor, and clerk of the judiciary committee in 1885. He is ADAMS. ADAMS. at present one of the boanl of selectmen of Attleborough, and chairman of the board of health. He is also chairman of the prudential committee of the fire district. In 1872 he cast his first vote for U. S. Grant, and has ever since been identified with the Republican party. ADAMS, George Zaccheus, son of Charles and Nancy (Robbins) Adams, was born at Chelmsford, Middlesex county, April 23, 1S33. Previous to the age of fourteen he was educated in the public schools of his native town, when he went for one year to the academy at Westford. At the age of six- teen he went to Phillips Academy, An- dover, where he remained three years, and at which institution he was prepared for college. Graduating from Phillips xVcad- emy m 1852, he entered Harvard, where he graduated in 1856, and then came to Boston and entered the office of Mr. Oliver Stevens, the present district attorney. After remaining there one year he entered the Harvard law school, where he re- mained one year, and then returned to Mr. Stevens's office for three years, and then opened an office of his own in Boston, where he has practiced ever since. He was married September 16, 1861, to Joanna F., daughter of Charles and Joan F. (Hagar) Davenport. They have three children : Georgie F., Walter D. and Charles Z. Adams. In July, 1882, Mr. Adams was appointed by Governor Long special justice of the municipal court of the city of Boston, and has since been tendered a permanent seat upon the bench of said court, which he declined. Mr. Adams has refused all offices of a political nature, preferrmg to devote the whole of his time and energy to his pro- fession. ADAMS, JOHN Gregory Bishop, son of Isaac and Margaret Adams, was born in Groveland, Essex county, Octo- ber 6, 1 84 1. He obtained a common school educa- tion, and spent the greater part of his boy- hood and youth ni that locality. In the early summer of 1861 he enlisted in Major Ben: Perley Poore's rifle battalion, which later became the nucleus of the 19th Massachusetts regiment. He served through the war, rising to the rank of captain. He participated in every march, and was engaged in every battle of the army of the Potomac in which his regiment took part. .Vt Fredericksburg he saved the colors of his regiment from capture, after eight color bearers had been killed. He was twice severely wounded in the second day's fight at Gettysburg, and while in the advanced lines before Petersburg, on the 22d of June, 1S64, he was captured with his regiment, and for nine months suffered the miseries of a southern prison pen. .\fter the war he was for some years foreman in the factory of B. F. Doak & Co-, but on account of failing health re- signed that position to enter the inspec- tor's office in the Boston Custom House. He remained there fifteen months, when JOHN G, B, ADAMS. he was appointed postmaster at Lynn, which office he held eight years. On the establishment of the reformatory prison at Concord, he was appointed deputy superintendent, and in 1885 was made sergeant-at-arms for the Commonwealth, which important position he now holds. Captain Adams was the first recruit mustered into Post 5, G. A. R. He was three times chosen commander, and was one year department commander of Mas- sachusetts. He has been for eleven years president of the Association of Survivors of Rebel Prisons, and is president of the board of trustees of the Soldiers' Home. He has been connected with numerous ADAMS. AGASSI/.. 7 local enterprises, having been one of tlie incorporators of tiie Lynn Hospital, Lynn Electric Light Company, and of the Thomson-Houston Electric Light Com- pany. Captain .\dams was married m Boston, April 5, 1866, to Mary E., daughter of Benjamin E. and .\lmira Dodge. Of this union were two children, both deceased. ADAMS, Marshall L., son of John and .\bigail ( Sampson ) .\dams, was born in Provincetown, Barnstable county, De- cember 4, 1842. His early educational work was done in the Provincetown schools until 1856. He attended Paul Wing's Academy, Sandwich, and subsequently Frost Academy, Fram- ingham, and was graduated from the Cot- ting Academy, Arlington. Mr. Adams was first connected in busi- ness with Fairbanks, Adams & Co., Boston, ship brokers. Later on he was with O D. Witherell, coal dealer, Boston, and with John P. Squire & Co., pork dealers, Boston. From 1865 to 1879 he was a grocer and ice dealer in Provincetown. He is at the present time engaged in town business, having always been active in all public matters that pertained to the growth and development of his native place. He was elected selectman, assessor, overseer of the poor, 1880, and has held the office up to date. He was elected county treas- urer November, 1886, and was appointed immigrant agent for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1885. He is disbursing agent for Shaw Asylum for Mariners" Children, and regent of the Mayflower Council, Royal Arcanum. He was chairman of the building com- mittee of the new town hall, which was dedicated August 25, 1886, and in 1889 was appointed chairman of the committee on water supply for Provincetown. January 23, 1863, at Boston, Mr. Adams was married to Mary A., daughter of Wil- liam and Elizabeth Moore. He has one son : John Adams. ADAMS, William T., son of Laban and Catharine ( Johnson ) Adams, was born in Medway, Norfolk county, July 30, 1S22. He was educated in the public and pri- vate schools of Boston and vicinity, and when a mere lad displayed a talent for writing, his first article being published in the " Social Monitor." For three years Mr. Adams was the master of the " Lower Road " school in Dor Chester. In 1846 he resigned his position to assist his father and brother in the man- agement of the Adams House, Boston. Mr. .\dams resumed teaching in 184S, in the Boylston school, Boston, becoming the master in i860, and on the establishment of the Bowditch school, he was transferred and held the post of master of that school till he resigned in 1865. He then went abroad and traveled throughout Europe, dating his career as an author from this period. Mr. Adams's noin de plume, "Oliver Optic," originated from his having written a poem in 1851 which was published under the heading of "A Poem delivered before the Mutual Admiration Society, by Oliver Optic, M. D." The name "Optic" was suggested by a character in a drama at theBoston Museum, called "Dr. Optic." To this Mr. Adams prefixed " Oliver," with no thought of ever using it again. But soon after two essays appeared in the ■• Waverley Magazine," by "Oliver Optic," which were so well received that he con- tinued to write under this pseudonym until it became impracticable to abandon it. His books, numbering over a hundred volumes, are widely and deservedly known. Mr. Adams was married October 7, 1846, to Sarah, daughter of Edward and Martha ( Reed ) Jenkins. Mrs. Adams died in 1885. Their children are: Alice Marie, wife of Sol. Smith Russell, and Emma Louise, wife of George W. White, a mem- ber of the Suffolk bar. Mrs. White died in 1884. In 1867, Mr. Adams was unanimously elected a member of the school com- mittee of Dorchester. He served until the town was annexed to Boston, and was elected a member of the Boston school committee and served for ten years. \\\ 1869 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives and served one year, and declined a re-nomination. In 1870, he went to Europe a second time, and three times recently, traveling through the countries not previously visit- ed, and the books which he has since pub- lished show the result of his observa- tions. AGASSIZ, Alexander, son of Louis and Cecile (Braun) .-^gassiz, was born in Neufchatel, Switzerland, December 17, •'^35- . , . . His early educational trammg was re- ceived in the gymnasium of his native place. He came' to this country in 1849, after his father, the celebrated naturalist, and entering Harvard College, was grad- uated therefrom in the class of 1855. He inherited the tastes of his father, and AIKEN. ALUEN. ])ursued his studies in the Lawrence scien- tific school (Harvard) during the years 1857 to '61 inclusive. In 1859 he was engaged with the United States Coast Survey ; in 186 1 he was made assistant in the Zoological Museum, Cam- bridge, and became director of this insti- tution in 1874. He was superintendent of the Calumet and Hecla Mining Com- pany, 1866 to 1S69. He was treasurer till 1 87 1, when he was made its president, which position he still holds. Professor Agassiz was married at Jamaica Plain, November 13, i860, to Anna, daugh- ter of George Robert and Sarah P. (Shaw) Russell. Of this union were three chil- dren : George R., Maximilian and Ru- dolph L. Agassiz. Professor Agassiz has been overseer of Harvard College, and is now fellow of this institution. AIKEN, David, son of Phinehas and Elisabeth (Patterson) Aiken, was born at Bedford, Hillsborough county, N. H., June 7, 1804. His early education was obtained in a common district school and at Pem- broke Academy, under Mr. John Vose, and at Phillips Academy, Andover, under Mr. John Adams. He entered Dartmouth Col- lege, where he was graduated in 1S30. He then studied law with Wells & Alvord at Greenfield, Mass., and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1833 ; was judge of the court of common pleas from 1856 to '59- He has been the law partner of Henry Chapman, George Grennell, Davis & Al- len, Chester C. Conant, and \V. S. B. Hop- kins, afterwards with Charles E. Forbes of Northampton. He is now partner with his st>n, John A. Aiken, but retired from active practice when the State sold its interest in the Troy & Greenfield antl Hoosac Tunnel Railroad — he having acted as legal adviser to its manager up to that time, in behalf of the Commonwealth. He was senator from Franklin county in 1874. From the [Promotion of Judge Wells in 1844 to the present day, with the excep- tion of the period he himself was on the bench. Judge Aiken has been the acknowl- edged leader o^ the county bar. He was married in October, 1844, to Lydia W., daughter of Col. Spencer and Lydia (Bard well) Root, who died in Novem- ber, 1846, without issue. His second wife was Mary Elizabeth, daughter of John S. and Mary Hawley Adams, of Amherst, to whom he was married in November, 1848, and who died October 28, 1855. His sur- viving children are : lohn Adams, Eliza- beth P., and Harriet L. .\iken. Two younger sons, Edward and David, de- ceased. ALDEN, Edmund Kimball, son of Dr. Ebenezer and Anne (Kimball) Alden, was born in Randolph, Norfolk county, April II, 1825. He is a lineal descendant in the eighth generation, by two family lines, of " John " and " Priscilla " of Mayflower fame. After attending the Randolph Academy, he entered Amherst College, where he graduated in 1844 ; was then a teacher in the Williston Seminary, at Easthampton, for a year, and graduated from the Andover Theological Seminary in 1848, continuing his studies there for a few months as Abbott resident. From 1850 to 1854 Mr. Alden was pastor of the First Church of Yarmouth, Alaine ; was pastor of the Congregational church at Lenox, from 1854 to 1859; and then became pastor of Phillips Church, Boston, so continuing till 1876. He received from his alma mater, in 1866, the honorary degree of I). D. Mr. Alden was married April 25, 1850, to Maria, daughter of Deacon tJershom and Sarah (Hyde) Hyde, of Bath, Me. He was a trustee for fourteen j^ears of Phillips Academy and the Andover Theo- logical Seminary, resigning this trust in 1 881 ; he has also been a trustee of Amherst College since 1873; he is at present corresponding secretary, home department, of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, hav- ing held the office for thirteen years. ALDEN, Lewis, son of Lewis and Abi- gail (Belcher) Alden, was born in East Randolph, Norfolk county, April 29, 1848. He received a common and high school education. Between the ages of seventeen and twenty-one he worked in the shoe factory of L. F. Wilde & Co. Later, for nearly five years, he worked for Rufus Gibbs & Co., boot and shoe jobbing house, Boston — most of the time in charge of their factory at South Weymouth. He established himself in business in Hol- brook, 1878, entering his present factory (boots and shoes) 1885. Mr. Alden was married in Saugus, June, 1S74, to Harriet S. Hammond. Of this union is one child : Mabel Frances Alden. Mr .A-lden is trustee of the Holbrook public library. He was largely instru- mental in founding the Holbrook Metho- dist church, and has been for ten years superintendent of the Sunday-school. He ALDRICH. ALURICn. is always alive and active in promoting the temperance cause. He is a director in the Holbrook Co-operative Bank, a charter member of the Knights of Honor, having passed through every grade of office. ALDRICH, James MOTT, son of .\rnold and DoUee Lang Aldrich, was born in Smithfield, Providence; county, R. I., Octo- ber 30, 1817. He attended the common schools and the academy at LInion Village. He studied medicine in the office of Dr. J. A. Brown, Providence, R. L, Harvard medical school, and iu the Botanic Medi- cal College, Cincinnati, Ohio ; and com- menced regular practice in Fall River in 1S43, in which city he has ever since lived. Dr. .\ldrich was married in Dedham, May 24, 1844, to Mary A. Allen, who died in 1857. He was again married, Septem- ber 23, 1862, to Louisa G., the daughter of Hon. Nathaniel B. and Sarah (Gray) Borden, of Fall River. They have two chil- dren : Mary L. and Nathaniel B. Aldrich. From 1846 to '47 he was editor of the "Medical Enquirer." He has been for many years president of the Children's Home ; was a member of the school board fifteen years ; and is president of the Bar- nard Manufacturing Company. Dr. Aldrich was a strong abolitionist, and has been a life-long advocate of total abstinence from all intoxicants ; was a member of the Society of Friends, but left them when their New England yearly meeting forbade the opening of their meet- ing-houses for anti-slavery gatherings. He has been connected with the Unitarian society since 187 1. ALDRICH, P. EMORY, was born in New Salem, Franklin county. His ances- tors came from England in 1635, residing at first in Dorchester and Brahitree, and afterwards settling in Mendon, Worcester county. After obtaining his early education at the public schools, he fitted for college at the Shelburne Falls Academy, and in pri- vate study mastered a collegiate education. He studied law while engaged in teaching at the South, and later attended the Harvard law school. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar in Richmond, Va., but the following year returned to Massachu- setts, and after studying for si.\ months with . Chapman, Ashmun & Norton, in Springfield, he was admitted to practice in the courts of the State. He began practice in Barre, where he remained for seven years, for three years editing the " Barre Patriot." He was sent as a delegate to the Convention of 1853 for the revision of the state constitution, and the same year Governor Clifford ap- pointed him district attorney for the mid- dle district, which office he held till 1866. Removing to Worcester in 1854, he became a partner of Hon. P. C. Bacon. In 1862 he was elected mayor of Worcester, declin- ing a re-election. He was sent as a repre- sentative to the Legislature in i866-'67, and for three years after its organization he was a member of the state board of health. In the cause of temperance and educa- tion he has ever taken a lively interest. He has been an active member of the American Antiquarian Society, and one of its council. He has also been a valued member of the board of trustees of the Worcester County Free Institution of In- dustrial Science. In 1850 Mr. Aldrich married Sarah, daughter of Harding P. Wood, of Barre. ALDRICH, Samuel Nelson, son of Sylvanus Bucklin and Lucy Jane (Stod- dard) Aldrich, was born in Upton, Worces- ter county, February 3, 1838. His education was conducted at the Worcester and Southington, Conn., acad- emies, and at Brown Lfniversity, Provi- dence, R. I. Subsequently he taught schools at LTpton, Holliston and Worces- ter, Mass. He entered upon the study of law with Hon. Isaac Davis and E. B. Stoddard, at Worcester, and completed the same at the Harvard law school. In 1863 Mr. .\Idrich was admitted to the bar, and then com- menced practice at Marlborough. Since 1874 he has kept an office in Boston, though retaining his residence in Marl- borough and livmg in Boston during the winter. In the public affairs of Marlborough Mr. Aldrich has been prominent ; was for nine years on the school committee, was four years on the board of selectmen, officiating as chairman of both ; has been a director of the People's National Bank at Marlborough ; president of the Marl- borough Board of 'Trade ; president of the Framingham & Lowell Railroad (now a portion of the Old Colony system), and president of the Central Massachusetts Railroad. In 1879 Mr. Aldrich was elected to the state senate, where he served as chairman of the committee on taxation, and as a member of the committee on bills in the third reading, and on constitutional amend- ments. In 1880 he was again a member lO ALDRICH. Ar.GER of the state senate, serving on the judiciary committee. In 1883 he was a member of the House, and served on the judiciary committee. In 1880 he was the Democratic candi- date for Congress from the 7th Massa- chusetts district. In March, 1887, Mr. Aldrich was appointed by President Cleve- land, the assistant treasurer of the United States at Boston, which position he yet holds. Besides this, he is a member of the Suffolk bar, is in the practice of his pro- fession, and is still president of the Cen- tral Massachusetts Railroad. Mr. Aldrich married, in 1865, at Upton, Mary J , daughter of J. T and Eliza A. (Colburn) Macfarland. Thev have a son : Harry M. Aldrich, now in Harvard. ALDRICH, Thomas Bailey, son of Elias T. and Sara (Bailey) .Vklrich, was born in Portsmouth, Rockingham county, N. H., November 11, 1836. He received his early education at the common schools in New Orleans, La., THOMAS B. ALDRICH. and at the Temple grammar school in Portsmouth. He commenced a course of study preparatory to entering college, but having the misfortune, in his fifteenth year, to lose his father, he abandoned that pur- pose, and entered the counting-room of an uncle, a merchant in New York. Here he remained for three years, and it was during that period that he began to con- tribute verses to the New York journals. A collection of his poems was published in 1855, the volume taking its name from the initial poem, " The Bells. " Mr. Aldrich's most successful poem, " Babie Bell," which was published in 1856, was copied and repeated all over the coun- His next position was that of proof- reader, and then reader for a publishing house. He became a frequent contributor to the New York "Evening Mirror," "Putnam's Magazine," "The Knicker- bocker," and the weekly newspapers, for one of which he wrote " Daisy's Necklace and What Came of It," a prose poem which was afterwards issued in a volume, and attained a wide popularity. In 1856 Mr. Aldrich joined the staff of the "Home Journal," continuing in this position for three years. He was also connected with the " Saturday Press," and a frequent contributor to " Harper's Monthly," and the "Atlantic Monthly," of which latter magazine he has for some years been the editor. Mr. Aldrich was married in New York, November 28, 1865. In 1S66 he removed to Boston, where he has since resided. The following may be mentioned among Mr, Aldrich's best-known writings: "The Story of a Bad Boy,"' " Marjorie Daw and Other Stories," " Prudence Palfrey," " The Queen of Sheba," "The Stillwater Trag- edy," " Poems," " From Ponkapog to I'esth," "Cloth of Gold and Other Poems," "Flower and Thorn," "Babie Bell," "XXXVI Lyrics and XII Sonnets," " Friar Jerome's Beautiful Book and Other Poems," " Mercedes and Later Lyrics," and " The Story of a Cat," translated from the French. ALGER, AlpheuS B., son of Edwin A. and Amanda (Buswell) Alger, was born in Lowell, Middlesex county, Octo- ber 8, 1854. His early education was accomplished at the public schools of his native place. In the Lowell high school he fitted for college, and was graduated at Harvard with the class of 1875. The same year he entered the Harvard law school, and a year later continued the study of the law in the office of the Hon. Josiah G. Abbott of Boston. He was admitted to the bar in 1877, and began the practice of law in connection with his father's firm. Brown & Alger, in the city of Boston, with his residence in Cambrid"e. ALGER. ALLEN. I I Mr. Alger has been actively identified with the Democratic party in politics. He has held the positions of chairman and secretary of the Democratic city committee of Cambridge. He is also a member of the congressional district committee. In 1SS4 he was chosen alder- man, and acted on the committees on claims, police, ordinances, and a new bridge to Boston. In 1886 and '87 he was a member of the Senate, serving as chairman on the committee on engrossed bills and mercantile affairs, and as member of the committees of public service, expe- diting legislative business, judiciary, bills in the third reading, rules and liquor law. He was also a member of the state committee sent to the Centennial E.\hi- bition at Philadelphia. He is secretary and treasurer of the Bay State Club, a member of the Middlesex County Demo- cratic Club, and of the Newetowne and Central clubs of Cambridge. He is a popular Mason, being a member of the Amicable F. & A. M., Cambridge chap- ter, and also of the Boston Commandery. He has held the different offices in the St. Omer Lodge of Knights of Pythias, and Pomonah Tribe of the Improved Order of Red i\Ien. ALGER, William Rounseville, son of Nahumand Catherine Sampson (Rounse- ville) Alger, was born in Freetown, Bristol county, December 28, 1822. He attended the common schools from the age of four to ten, then began to work for a livelihood ; he worked five years in a cotton mill at Hookset, N. H., studied attentively in all available hours, educating himself in the various branches of an aca- demic course. He attended an academy in Pembroke, N. H., two years, and one year at Lebanon, N. H. He entered the divinity school of Harvard University in 1844, and was graduated in the class of 1847. He was pastor of the Unitarian church in Roxbury, from 1S47 to 1855 ; then settled in Boston until 1S73; then four years minister of Church of the Messiah in New York City. He is now engaged in preach- ing, lecturing and literary work. Mr. Alger was married in Roxbury, in September, 1847, to Anne Langdon, daughter of Giles and Abigail Harris (Langdon) Lodge. Of this union were seven children : Henry Lodge, Abby Lang- don, Caroline Rounseville, Arthur Marti- neau, William Ellerton, Philip Rounseville and Anne Langdon. He has held many offices and deliv- ered many addresses in Masonic bodies. and lectured for twenty-five years very extensively through the country before lyceumsand literary societies. When chap- lain of the Massachusetts House of Repre- sentatives in 1863, the prayers he offered were so much appreciated, that the speaker, Hon. Harvey Jewell, had them taken down by a stenographer, and the members had them published in a volume enti- tled " Legislative Prayers," which passed through several editions. He gave the annual election sermon before the Legislature in 1863. He gave the Boston Fourth of July ora- tion in 1857, which created a sensation by its bold treatment of the slavery ques- tion. The city government refused the usual vote of thanks and request for publication. Seven years later, when the prophecies of the orator had been fulfilled, the city government gave him a unanimous vote of thanks and ordered the oration printed. He has published, besides a multitude of articles in reviews, and occasional dis- courses, the following books : " Symbolic History of the Cross of Christ"; "The Poetry of the Orient," a volume of trans- lations from the Persian, Arabic and San- scrit tongues (four editions); "The Genius of Solitude " (eleven editions) ; " The Friendship of Women " (eleven editions) ; " A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life" (fourteen editions) ; "The Life of Edwin Forrest, the American Tragedian, with a History of the Dramatic Art " — two royal octavo volumes. He is now preparing for publication a work in two vol- umes entitled, " The Greatness of Human Nature and the Glory of Human Life." ALLEN, Alexander VietsGriswold, the son of Rev. Ethan and Lydia Child (Burr) Allen, was born in Otis, Berkshire county. May 4, 1841. His early education was received in the public schools of Nantucket. He entered Kenyon College, Ohio, 1859, and was grad- uated therefrom 1862. He began his theological studies in the Theological Seminary at Gambler, Ohio, and pursued them later on in Andover Theological Seminary, graduating therefrom 1S65. Mr. Allen was ordained deacon in 1S65 and priest in 1866. He became rector of St. John's Church, Lawrence, the same year, this church having been established by him as a mission in 1865. In 1867 he was called to the profes- sorship of ecclesiastical history in the Episcopal theological school, Cambridge, where he has since remained. 12 ALLEN. ALLEN. Professor Allen was married in Cam- bridge, 1872,10 Elizabeth. Kent, daughter of Rev. Dr. John S. and Mary (Kent) Stone. Of this union are two children : Henry Van Dyke and John Stone Allen. Professor Allen is the author of Prince- ton Review Articles, 1882, entitled "Re- naissance of Theology in the Nineteenth Century," " The Continuity of Christian Thought, a Study of Modern Theology in the Light of its History," 1S84 (Hough- ton, Miftlin & Co.), and "Life of Jonathan Edwards," 1SS9 (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). He received the degree of D. D. from Kenyon College, 1878, and from Harvard College, 1 886. He was elected a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1886. ALLEN, Charles, son of Sylvester and Harriet ( Ripley ) Allen, was born in Greenfield, Franklin county, .\pril 17, 1827. He was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1847. He was admitted to the bar in 1850. He practiced law in Greenfield until 1862, and then moved to Boston. He was appointed by Governor John D. Long justice 'of the supreme judicial court, which position he now holds. Judge .\llen was reporter of decisions of the supreme judicial court from 1861 to 1867. He was attorney-general of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 1867 to 1872. In 1880 he was appointed one of the commissioners to revise the general statutes. Judge Allen was never married. ALLEN, Charles H., son of Zenas and Caroline (Randall) Allen, was born in Boston, June 14, 1828. He received his early educational train- ing in the public schools of Boston. He began his business life as youngest boy in a dry-goods jobbing store. Subse- quently he became book-keeper for Fran- cis Skinner & Co., commission merchants engaged in selling cotton and woolen fabrics for manufacturers ; afterward a member of the firm of Leland, Allen & Bates in the same business. He is now president of the Central National Bank of Boston, also of the Home Savings Bank. Mr. .Vllen was married in New Ipswich, N. H., July 2, 1849, to Caroline F., daugh- ter of George and Caroline ( Muzzey ) San- ders. Of this union are two children : Charles F. and Francis S. Allen. Mr. Allen was a member of the Mercan- tile Library Association and a member of its government from 1846 to 1853, being elected its president in 185 1 ; member of the common council of Boston i867-'68, the last year acting as its president ; mem- ber of the Cochituate water board of . Boston i86g to 1872, serving as presi- dent of the board 187 1 and '72 ; member of the House of Representatives 1878 and '80 ; member of the state Senate 1881 and '82 ; member of the board of aldermen of Boston i885-'88 ; elected as chair- man of the board in 1886 and again in 1888. From 1855 to i860 Mr. Allen was an active member and lieutenant of the famous Boston Light Infantry. Mr. Allen has filled a well-rounded career of official life, and has honorably earned the respite he now claims from such responsibilities. In all public emer- gencies, however, he is ever ready with wise counsel and practical support to lend his friendly aid, and the public have come to look to him with others as fitting repre- sentatives of their sympathy and natural almoners of their bounty. ALLEN, Charles Herbert, son of Otis and Louisa (Bixby) Allen, was born in Lowell, Middlese.x county, April 15, 1848. He was educated in the public schools of his native city ; prepared for college, CHARLES H. ALLEN. entered Amherst, from which he was gradu- ated in the class of 1869, receiving his A. M. in course in 1872. ALLEN. ALLEN. His first connection with commercial life was in the lumber business, in which he has ever since been engaged, under the firm name of Otis Allen & Son. Mr. Allen was married in Manchester, N. H., Nov. lo, 1870, to Harriet C, daughter of James and Sarah ]!. (Chase) Dean. Of this union were two children : Lertha and Louise Allen. Mr. Allen is a member of the Masonic order; has been a member of the Lowell school board ; was a member of the House of Representatives in 1881 and '82, serv- ing in the two 3'ears on the committee on railroads, rules and orders, and bills in the third reading (chairman) ; he was a member of the state senate in 1SS3, serv- ing on the committee on prisons (chair- man) and street railway's; he was elected to the national Congress in 1884, and re- elected in 1886. In 1 888 he declined a re-nomination. In the forty-ninth Congress Mr. Allen served on the committee on Indian affairs; in the fiftieth Congress served on com- mittee on post-office and post roads — an important committee having at its disposal sixty millions of money. He was the only member from New England on this com- mittee. It is unfortunate that the demands of private business should deprive the Com- monwealth of the public services of Mr. Allen. Gifted by nature with an address and disposition calculated to engender and retain friendship, qualified by training in college and social life to perform intelli- gent public service, blessed with an instinct to seek and pursue only honorable methods, he is a loss to the State when he refuses to accept the honors which his fellow-citizens would be only too glad to continue to be- stow upon their popular representative. ALLEN, Frank Dewey, son of Charles Francis and Olive Ely (Dewey) Allen, was born in Worcester, August 16, 1850. He was educated in the Worcester high school ; was graduated from Yale in the class of 1873, and from the Boston Univer- sity law school in 1875 ; was managing clerk in the offices of Hillard, Hyde & Dickinson, Boston, remaining with them until 1878, when he was admitted to the Suffolk county bar. Upon severing his connection with Hillard, Hyde & Dickinson, he opened an ofifice for himself in Boston, where he has ever since been located as attorney and coanselor-at-law. Mr. Allen was married in Lynn, Janu- ary 9, 1878, to Lucy, daughter of Trevett ^L and Eliza (Munroe) Rhodes. They have no children. In 1884 Mr. Allen organized the Massa- chusetts Temperance Home for Inebriates, which is located at Lynn. He was made its president, which position he still holds. He served one year as clerk of the A\'ash- ington Street Baptist church, Lynn, when he resigned from pressure of other duties. He was elected from Lynn to the House of Representatives in 1881 and '82, serving on the judiciary committee and acting as its clerk, also on the committee on the removal of Judge Day, the congressional FRANK D, ALLEN. re-districting committee, and the commit- tee on banks and banking. He served on the Republican state central committee from the ist Essex senatorial district for the years 1884, '85 and '86, and was on the executive com- mittee of the same ; was member of the governor's Council, 1886, '87 and '88. Mr. Allen is well known throughout the Commonwealth as a leader in the Republi- can party. He has always been a firm believer in the "young Republican" ele- ment. His political sagacity and judg- ment are held in high esteem by men who are to-day authority in a political cam- paign. He is an able speaker, and has been often called to deliver Memorial Day ad- H ALLEN. ALLEN. dresses, as well as being appointed to stump during state and national cam- paigns. In behalf of the Plymouth Woolen Company he argued in favor of the con- stitutionality of the "act permitting mu- nicipal officers to authorize manufacturers to ring bells and use whistles and gongs for the benefit of their workmen." As counsel for the Lancaster Bank, he succeeded in recovering the securities stolen from its vaults. He organized the Lynn Electric Lighting Company under the Thomson-Houston patents, and is still one of its directors. ALLEN, Frederick Slocum, son of Holden and Mary Devoll (Slocum) Allen, was born in Westport, Bristol county, December 25, 1837. His early educational advantages were limited to the district schools of Fairhaven. Before he was quite seventeen years of age, he shipped on a whaling voyage to the .Arctic Ocean, and sailed from New Bedford, November 3, 1856, in the ship "Saratoga" — Frederick Slocum, master. He was connected with the whaling busi- ness some three years and a half. This business he left in i860. As his father held a commission as pilot for the ports of Buzzard's Bay, he then assisted him in that business as boat-keeper for about ten years, as also previous to his whaling voyage, some five years. He then spent considerable time and money in improv- ing windlasses. Several models were on exhibition a-t the National Museum at Washington. For several years he has been quite actively engaged in town affairs, and for fourteen years he has held a commission as justice of the peace. He has given special attention to the saving of life from shipwreck, and in 1887, at the Interna- tional Maritime E.xposition at Havre, France, he was awarded a silver medal for a reversible life-boat. Mr. Allen was married in Martha's Vineyard, November, 1S60, to Florencia C. Austin. They have one son: Frederick .-Vllen. His residence is Cuttyhunk Island, Dukes County. ALLEN, HORACE C, son of Stephen M. .-Mien, was born at Jamaica Plain (Boston), July 27, 1855. His preparatory studies were pursued in the common schools. He was gradu- ated LL.P). from the Harvard law schocjl in 1S76; then became associated with Nathan Morse, Boston. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1S77. Later, he became law partner with Mr. Morse, under the firm name of Morse &: Allen, with whom he still remains in practice of the law. Mr. Allen was married in Brunswick, Me , April 28, 1881. to Grace D., daughter of Gen. Joshua L. Chamberlain. Mr. Allen is a member of the Boston .\rt Club, Boston .\thietic Association, and Cur- tis Club. In jSSS and '89 he was elected HORACE G ALLEN a member of the Boston common coun- cil, and in the latter year, after a protracted contest, was chosen president of that bodv, January i ith. In this responsible position he has displayed marked ability, and has already acquired a reputation for tact and fairness greatly to his credit. His resi- dence is in Roxbury. ALLEN, JOSEPH HENRY, was born August 21, 1820, in Northborough, Wor- cester county, where his father (Joseph, born in Medfield, 1790, on the old home- stead at Castle Hill, occupied since 1649 and still by the Allen family) was settled as minister of the town in 1816, and remain- ed pastor of the First Parish till his death in 1873. His mother (Lucy Clark, born in Hingham, 1791, diedi866) was daughter of Prof. Henry Ware of Harvard University ( 1 805-1 845). He is seventh in descent, by the maternal line, of a series of Massa- chusetts Congregational ministers, includ- ALLEN. ALLEN. IS iiig Thomas Clark, Chelmsford ; John Hancock, Lexiimton ; Nicholas Bowes, Bedford ; Jonas Clark, Lexington ; Henry Ware, Hingham: Joseph Allen, Northbor- ough. The Allen family has been remark- able for the number of teachers and preachers born to the blood. The early education of the subject of our sketch was received in district schools and country occupations until the age of thirteen. He entered Harvard College at sixteen, having had little or no regular preparatory instruction, and was graduated in 1840, third in his class — the first rank being held bv Prof, [ohn B. Henck, the JOSEPH H ALLEN. second by Judge George P. Sanger. Graduating from the Harvard divinity school in 1843, he was settled as minister of the Third parish in Roxbury (Jamaica Plain), 1843, in Washington, D. C., 1847, and in Bangor, Me., 1850. Leaving Ban- gor in 1857, he was till 1863 engaged in private instructitju at Jamaica Plain, then till 1866 in a parish charge in North- borough ; since 1S67 he has resided at Cambridge. He was for twelve years (until its dis- continuance at the end of 1869) connected with the "Christian Examiner" as literary editor, editor-in-chief, and joint proprie- tor ; then for eight years engaged in pri- vate tuition, and in editing the "Allen & Greenough Classical Series " (Ginn & Co., Boston). In 1877 and '78 he had charge of the Unitarian church at Ann Arbor, Mich., and was then appointed lecturer on ecclesiastical history in Harvard Univer- sity, which post he held till 1882. In 1883 and '84 he was engaged in profes- sional work in Ithaca. N. Y., spent part of 1885 in California, and has since 1887 been editor of the " Unitarian Review " (George H. Ellis, Boston). He was, in August, 1881, delegate of the American and of the British and Foreign Unitarian Associations, at the session of the supreme consistory of the Unitarian churches of Hungary, held in Kolozsvar (Klausenburg), Transylvania. Besides various fugitive addresses and reviews, including a series of articles on national questions written for the "Chris- tian Examiner" during the civil war, his published volumes are : "Ten Discourses on Orthodoxy" (1S49, second edition, 1889), "Memorial of Hiram Withington" (1849), "The Great Controversy of States and People " (1851), " Hebrew Men and Times, from the Patriarchs to the Messiah " (186 1, second edition, with critical intro- duction, 1879, Roberts Brothers), " Frag- ments of Christian History to the Found- ing of the Holy Roman Empire" (1880), " Our Liberal Movement in Theology " (1882), " Christian History in Its Three Great Periods" (3 volumes, 1883), "Out- line of Christian History, A. D. 50-1880" (1884), and the "Allen & Greenough Classical Series." Prof. Allen was married in May, 1845, to Anna Minot Weld, a descendant of Thomas Welde, first minister of Roxburj', and sister of the late Hon. Stephen M. Weld. Of this union are five children : Richard Minot (Ames, Neb.), Gardner Weld (M. D., Boston), Russell Carpenter (El Cajon, So. California), Lucy Clark (Mrs. Charles S. Gage), and Mary Ware. ALLEN, MONTRESSOR TYLER, son of George W. and Mary L. (Tyler) Allen, was born in Woburn, Middlesex county, May 20, 1844. His education embraced the instruction and training of public schools, Warren Academy, private tutors, a special course in Boston University, and a full legal course in the Boston University law school, having been graduated from the latter institution in the class of 1878. From 1867 to 1870 Mr. Allen was en- gaged in mercantile work at Woburn. Previous to this, he had seen a short term i6 ALLEN. ALLEN. of service in the 5th Massachusetts regi- boyhood, the subject of this sketch fol- ment, 1864. Upon being admitted to lowed the pursuits of his ancestors, and the bar in 1870, he opened an office in laid the foundation of a vigorous con- Boston, where he is at present engaged stitution. Three years of his minority in practice, still retaining his residence in were spent in a Wal'tham cotton mill, where Woburn he acquired a knowledge of textile manu- facture ; he also received a good common- school education in the public schools, a family school kept by Rev. Joseph Allen at Northborough, and Northfield Aca- demy. Having chosen to become a teacher, he continued his studies in the Bridgewater state normal school, and Rensselaer Poly- technic Institute at Troy, N. Y. He after- wards taught in the various public schools of Mansfield, Northborough, Northfield and Shrewsbury, until the spring of 1848, when he was appointed by Horace Mann, of the state board of education, to take charge of the model department of the nurmal school at West Newton. This position he filled with marked ability for nearly si.x years, when he established in connection with Rev. Cyrus Pierce, MONTRESSOR T. ALLEN. Mr. Allen'was married in Boston, in June, 1865, to Julia Frances, daughter of John and Ruth ( Magoun ) Peasley. They have no children. Mr. Allen was a member of the House of Representatives 1888 -'89, serving the former year on the House committee on finance, the joint committee on e.xpentli- tures, and in the latter as chairman of the House committee on railroads, perform- ing conspicuous service in the support and successful passage of the many im- portant measures reported by that com- mittee. He is a member of Mt. Horeb lodge of Masons, Woburn, and has served on the local board of registrars of voters for five years. ALLEN, Nathaniel Topliff, son of Ellis and Lucy (Lane) Allen, was born in Medfield, Norfolk county, Sept. 29, 1823. His native homestead farm has been owned and tilled by seven generations of Aliens, noted for longevity, sterling common-sense, and there, during his NATHANIEL T, ALLEN. father of .American normal schools, the institution of which he is now principal — the West Newton English and classical school. Mr. Allen has been one of the most pro- gressive antl successful educators of the ALLEN. ALLEN. 17 last half-century, always advocating the liberal and thorough education of both sexes, and ready to introduce into his own school whatever proved to be sound in theory and useful in practice. This school, with its industrial dejiartnient at the home- stead in Wedfield, draws students from a wide region — the last enrollment showing boys and girls from seventeen of the United States, from Cuba, Buenos Ayres, Spain and Italy. During a busy life in the class-room, Mr. Allen has held many otiier positions of responsibility and trust ; he has been pres- ident of the board of direction of Pomroy Newton Home for Orphans and Der.titute Girls ever since it was founded, si.xteen years ago ; he was trustee of the Boston College of Physicians and Surgeons, and a member of the committee of examination in natural science at Harvard. In 1869 Mr. Allen went abroad, and spent about two years in studying the school systems of England, Scotland, Ire- land, France, Italy, Austria, and, in par- ticular, what is now included in the German Empire. This he did under the authority of the United States government, having been appointed an agent of tiie commis- sioner of public education, by Hon. Henry Barnard. The results of his observations of the secondary schools, gymnasia, real- and volks-schulen of Prussia, Saxony, and Nassau are preserved in a valuable report published and distributed by order of the secretary of the interior. Mr. Allen was married March 30, 1853, to Caroline Swift, daughter of James Nye and Rebecca (Freeman) Bassett, of Nan- tucket ; and of their children, Fanny Bas- sett, Sarah Caroline, and Lucy Ellis are living ; Nathaniel Toplift, their son, died in 1865. Mr. Allen was a Garrisonian abolitionist, and an officer of the society when in those days it cost something to be identi- fied with men of their belief. He was many times mobbed in their company, and naturally became an early member of the Free Soil party. He is at present a director m the American Peace Society, and president of the Newton Woman's Suffrage Association. ALLEN, Richard Beman, son of John and May (Eagan) Allen, was born in Tewks- bury, Middlesex county, January 25, 185 1. He was educated in the common schools of Tewksbury and the Lowell Business College. He began business as clerk in a grocery store ; remained in the business three years, and then learned a trade — watchmaker and jeweler ; was a member of the firm of Cluin & Allen for three years ; sold out, and became a member of the firm of Allen Brothers. Mr. Allen was married in Lowell, October 14, 1S84, to Annie, daughter of Peter and Bridget Angulin Sheehan. Of this union are three children •. Mary, Julia, and Ger- trude Allen. Mr, .iVllen is a member of the board of trustees of Ancient Order of Foresters ; Y. M. C. L. A. ; vice-justice Order Iron Hall ; member of the Middlesex Mechanic Association, and of the Democratic city committee ; was member of the Lowell common council 1887 and 1888, and was a member of the House of Representatives in 1889, serving on committee on public charitable institutions. Mr. .\llen, while not desiring publicity, has many times been honored by his fellow citizens by their endorsement at the polls ; and to his quiet but effectual work is due, in a great measure, much of the success of his party in the "Spindle City." He is a firm believer in clear and honorable methods of political work, and has the respect of all classes, regardless of their party affiliations. ALLEN, Stillman Boyd, son of Hor- ace O. and Elizabeth Allen, was born September 8, 1830, at Waterborongh, York county, Maine. He received his education in the acad- emies at North Yarmouth, Kennebunk and Alfred, Maine. In September, 1853, he was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in Maine until May, 1861, when he removed to Boston, and two years later became associated with the Hon. John D. Long, who subsequently retired from the firm upon his election as governor of the State. He is now the senior member of the law firm of Allen, Long & Hemen- way (Governor Long since his retirement from congressional life having resumed his former relations). Mr. Allen has been largely engaged in jury trials, and has the reputation of winning for his clients the largest verdicts against railroads and other corporations ever rendered in this country. Mr. Allen was married at Kittery, Maine, September 7, 1854, to Harriet S., daughter of Joseph and Mary Seaward. Their children are : Willis Boyd Allen, who was a partner in his father's firm for six years and has since been engaged in liter- ary pursuits, and Marion Boyd Allen. In 1876 -'77 Mr. Allen represented the city of Boston in the House of Represen- tatives, serving the first year upon the ALLEN. ALLEY. judiciary committee. The following year he was chairman of the committee on probate and chancery. In 1877 he con- ducted an examination, made by the Leg- islature into alleged abuses existing in the state reform school, which resulted in an entire change in the management of that institution. For three years Mr. Allen was president of the Mercantile Library Association of Boston. He is prominent in Odd Fellow- ship and Masonry. He is still engaged in a most successful practice of the law, where he has attained and earned distinc- tion among the foremost men of the pro- fession in the State. ALLEN, Thomas, son of Thomas and Anne C. (Russell) Allen, was born October 19, 1849, at St. Louis, Mo. He was educated at the high school, Pittsfield, Mass., at the Williston Seminary, Easthampton, and then entered the Wash- ington University, St. Louis, Mo., after which he studied art at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, at Diisseldorf, Germany, where he graduated from the master class in 187S, and afterward studied three years in France. He first exhibited his work in New York, at the National Academy of Design, in 1877, and has been represented in the National Academy at almost every exhi- bition since then. In 1882, and several times since, he exhibited pictures at the Paris Salon. He returned to this country in 1882, and in 1884 was made an associate of the National Academy of Design. In 1880 he was elected a member of the Society of American Artists. His specialty is land- scape and animal painting. After nearly ten years of foreign study, he opened his studio in the Pelham Studio on Boylston Street, Boston ; not finding it sufficiently commodious, however, and meeting with marked success as a painter, he purchased a house on Commonwealth Avenue, in 1883, for a permanent home, and there built a large studio at the top of the house which he now occupies. Mr. Allen was first married in 1880, in Northampton, to Eleanor G., daughter of Prof. J. D. and Louisa (Goddard) Whitney of Cambridge, who left him one child : Eleanor \\'hitney Allen. In 18S4, in Boston, Mr. Allen married Alice, daughter of Hon. Ambrose A. and Maria ( Fletcher) Ranney, of Boston. Their only child is Thomas Allen, Jr. Mr. Allen is president of the Paint and Clay Club, vice-president of the Boston Art Club, patron of the Metropolitan Museum, N. Y., and a member of the permanent committee of the School of Drawing and Painting at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. He is a great grandson of the Rev. Thomas Allen, the first minister in Pitts- field, who is known as the "fighting parson," and grand nephew of the Rev. William Allen of Northampton, author of "Allen's Biographical Dictionary." His father, who died at Washington, D. C, while representing in Congress the 2d district of Missouri, had a national repu- tation as a scholar and statesman, finan- cier and philanthropist. ALLEN, William, son of William Allen, was born at Brunswick, Cumberland county, JNIaine, March 31, 1822. He is a grandson of the Rev. Thomas Allen, the "fighting parson" of the noted Berkshire militia, who performed such conspicuous service under General Stark of Revolution- ary fame. His father was a clergyman of Pittsfield, a scholar of eminence, and at one time president of Bowdoin College. After obtaining his preliminary edu- cation at the public schools, Mr. Allen fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, and at the North Yarmouth Academy, in Maine, and entered Bowdoin College in 1834. After a few months spent at Bowdoin he went to Amherst, where he graduated in 1842. He began the study of law at the Vale law school, continuing it later at Northampton, where he was ad- mitted to the bar in 1845, and where he has since resided. In 1880 Mr. .Allen was made associate justice of the superior court, which high office he now holds, abundantly justifying the judicious selection of Governor Long, to whom he was indebted for the ele- vation. ALLEY, JOHN B., son of John and Mercy (Buffum) Alley, was born in Lynn, January 7, 1817. He belongs to one of the oldest Essex county families, and is de- scended from Hugh Alley, who, with his brother John, settled in Lynn in 1634. He received his education in the public schools of his native town, and at the age of fourteen was apprenticed to a shoe manufacturer, and at nineteen received the gift of his time. Soon after the close of his apprenticeship he went to Cincinnati and there purchased a flat-boat, which he loaded with merchandise and carried to New Orleans, and the success of this en- terprise laid the foundation of his fortune. AMES. AMES. 19 At the age of twenty-one he returned to Lynn and began the manufacture of shoes. In five years, at the age of twenty-six, he was the owner of one of the largest enter- prises in a city full of active, shrewd men with whom he had entered on a race for wealth. In 1847 he established a house in Boston for the sale of hides and leather. At various times he has been the senior partner in the firm of Alley, Choate & Cummings, the firm of John B. Alley & Co., and later in the firm of Alley Brothers S: Place, in which the two sons of Mr. Al- ley and Mr. Place were the partners. In 1886 this last firm was dissolved, and after a business career of forty-eight years Mr. Alley retired. After his retirement, Mr. Alley went on a European tour, taking the first vacation in a life of seventy years. In his earlier years, before the birth of what was called the Free Soil party in 1S48, he was at- tached to the Liberty party, having inher- ited anti-slavery sentiments from his father (a member of the Society of Friends), and this sentiment never abated until, by the proclamation of President Lincoln, the slaves were made free. In 1857, during the administration of Governor Boutwell, he was one of the exe- cutive council. In 1S52 he was in the state Senate, serving as chairman of the committee on railroads. In 1853 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention, and for several years was an active and influential member of the Republican state central committee In 1858 he was chosen representative to Congress, serving four terms, during two of which he performed the duties of chairman of the committee on post-office and post-roads. His services in Congress covered the whole period of the war. Since his retirement he has been en- gaged with others in large railroad enter- prises in the West and South, and is largely connected with land property in New Mex- ico. He was married at Lynn, September 15, 1 84 1, to Hannah M., daughter of William and Hannah (Breed) Rhodes. Their chil- dren are : Emma R., Marv F., John S. and William H. Alley. AMES, Frank M., son of Oakes and Eveline (Gilmore) Ames, was born in North Easton, Bristol county, August 14, 1833. He was educated at Leicester and An- dover academies. Upon leaving school he entered into the employ of the well- known firm of Oliver Ames & Sons, where he remained several years, and became practically acquainted not only with the mechanical part of manufacturing shovels, but also with the details of an extensive business. In 1858 he removed to Canton to take control of the business of the Kinsley Iron & Machine Company. At the present time he is one of the chief owners in that corporation. He is also president of the Lamson Consolidated Store Service Com- pany. He has, in addition to other business, been largely interested in railroads, and was for several years sole trustee and man- ager of the New Orleans, Mobile & Texas Railroad. He also owns and manages a large plantation of about twelve thousand acres, on the Mississippi River, directly opposite the city of New Orleans, where he has each year from thirteen hundred to fifteen hundred acres of land cultivated with sugar-cane, and a large area with rice, while the remaining portion is used for grazing purposes. He has been active in public life. He was sergeant-major and quartermaster of the ' 2d battalion infantry, which after- wards became the 4th regiment, of which he was also major. In 1869, and again in 1882, he was elected by his fellow-towns- men of Canton — where he still retains his legal residence — as representative to the General Court, where he served on the committee on railroads. In 1884 he was elected to the Senate, and served on the committee on drainage and on manufac- tures, and was chairman of the special com- mittee on metropolitan police for the city of Boston. In 1884 he was a delegate to the national Republican convention at Chicago. AMES, Oliver, son of Oakes and Eveline ( Gilmore ) Ames, was born in Easton, Bristol county, February 4, 1831. He passed the usual public school course of his native town, and prepared for col- lege in the academies at No. Attleborough and Leicester. His college course — a special one — was taken at Brown Univer- sity, Providence, R. I. He began business life as an employee in the shovel works of Oliver Ames & Sons. He afterwards went on the road as traveling agent for the firm, of which he soon became an active partner. While engaged in the never-ceasing round of cares that are incident to the carrying on of immense manufacturing establishments, Oliver Ames has always fdund time in which to serve his fellow- citizens in public matters, y^hether state, county, municipal or social. 20 AMES. ANDREW. He has been twelve j'ears a member of the Easton school board ; two years in the state Senate (iSSo and 'Si) ; four years lieutenant-governor (1S83 to 'S6), and governor of the Commonwealth three years, 1S87, '88, and '89. Governor Ames has served in the Massa- chusetts volunteer militia as 2d lieuten- ant, adjutant, major and lieutenant-colonel. He has been for many years president and director of various railroad, manufactur- ing and mining corporations and banking institutions. He is actively connected with a number of benevolent societies and has a membership in many social and po- litical clubs. OLIVER AMES. Governor Ames was married in Nan- tucket, March 14, i860, to Anna Coffin, daughter of Obed and .\nna \V. Ray, and adopted daughter of William Hadwen of Nantucket. Of this union are six chil- dren : William Hadwen, Evelyn, Anna Lee, Susan Evelyn, Lilian and Oakes Ames. Governor Ames's summer residence is at North Easton. In winter he resides in Boston, dispensing royal hospitality at his palatial residence on Commonwealth Avenue. Massachusetts is indeed fortunate in the possession of a long, unbroken line of chief magistrates, all conspicuous to a greater or less degree for ability, rare exe- cutive management, polite culture, and all, fortunately for her fame, men of unblem- ished personal integrity. Governor Ames has worthily maintained the high prestige enjoyed by his predecessors, and has by his judicious appointments, unfailing ur- banity and faithful attention to the details of his office, proved the wisdom of the great body of his fellow-citizens who have insisted upon his retaining so long the position he has so signally honored, both at home and in other cities where he has been called upon to repre- sent the dignity and character of the Old Bay State. ANDREW, JOHN FORRESTER, the son of Hon. John A. Andrew, the illustrious "War Governor" of Massachusetts, was born in Hingham, Plymouth county, No- vember 26, 1850. His earlier studies were pursued in the Boston public schools. His college life was passed at Harvard, graduating in 1872, and again from the law school in 1875. He was admitted to the Suffolk county bar the same year, and has since practiced law in Boston. Mr. Andrew is noted for his active work in all benevolent institutions, holding the offices of president of the Massachusetts Infant Asylum, president of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, president of the Home for Aged Colored Women, and trustee of the Asylum for Feeble-minded Youth. He is an active member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society. He has been repeatedly called to legis- lative work, having been elected to the lower branch of the Legislature in 1880, 1S81 and 1SS3, serving on the judiciary and other committees ; member of the committee on the revision of the stat- utes in 1882. He was elected to the State Senate in 1884 by the Republican party ; and in 1885 was re-elected to the same office by the Democrats, where he served on the judiciary committee, and committee on street railways. He was delegate to the national Repub- lican convention of 1884 ; but in the heated political campaign of the same year he went on the stump in support of the Democratic ticket, and was president of the Young Men's Independent Club of the city of Boston. In 1886 he was Democratic candidate for governor of Massachusetts, receiving 112,883 votes, his opponent having 122,346. He was for three years commissioner of parks for the ANGELL. ANGELL. 21 citv of Boston, having been first appointed in 1885. In 1889 Mr. Andrew was elected to Congress from the 3d Massachusetts dis- trict, on the Democratic ticket. The vote stood John F. Andrew, Democrat, 16,338 ; Alanson W. Beard, Republican, 14,780 ; Henry VV. Shugg, Prohibitionist, 283. Mr. Andrew was married in Boston, October 11, 1883, to Harriet, daughter of JOHN F ANDREW. Nathaniel and Cornelia (Van Rensselaer) Tha\'er. Their children are : Cornelia Thayer and Elizabeth Andrew. ANGELL, George Thorndike, son of Rev. George and Rebekah Angell, was born at Southbridge, Worcester county, June 5, 1823. His early education was received in various schools of Massachusetts, Vermont and New Hampshire. He entered Brown University in 1842, removing to Dart- mouth College 1843, graduating in 1846. After graduating he taught school in Boston, and at the same time studied law with Hon. Richard Fletcher, judge of the Massachusetts supreme court. Subse- quently he studied in the offices of Hon. Charles G. Loring, Boston, and at Harvard University law school. He was admitted to the Boston bar in 185 1, and formed a partnership with Hon. Samuel E. Sewall, Boston, which lasted tliirteen years, at the end of which time he became senior part- ner of the firm of Angell &: Jennison, P>oston, continuing in this relation several years. In 1864, two years before the founding in .Vmerica of any society for the preven- tion of cruelty to animals, he gave by will a large portion of his property to be used after his death in carrying humane educa- tion into schools and Sunday-schools. In 1868, with the aid of others, he founded the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the second incorporated society of its kind in America. He drew its act ot incorpor- ation and constitution and the state laws under which it acts, and was elected its first president, which office he has held for over twenty years. In the same year he started and edited "Our Dumb Animals," the first paper of its kind in the world, and printed two hundred thousand copies of its first number. In 1869 he visited England, induced the Royal Society there to start a paper similar to his own, and with the aid of the Baroness Burdett-Coutts, to establish the Ladies' Humane Educational Committee, of which she is president, and which has done a vast educational work in Great Britain. He also visited the continental societies, and was the only American rep- resentative at the World's Congress in Zurich, Switzerland, 1869. In the fall of 1870 he went to Chicago, and spent nearly six months founding the Illinois Humane Society. Since 1870 he has devoted to this work most of his time, and much money, giving addresses before legislatures, universities, colleges, schools, conventions of teachers and clergy, union meetings of churches, etc., and personally helping establish humane societies as far south as New Orleans, and as far west as Dakota. In 1874 he was elected a director of the American Social Science Association, and from that time to 1881 gave much atten- tion to the labor question, and the growth and prevention of crime — particularly crimes against public healtli in the sale of poisonous and adulterated foods and other articles. He succeeded in 1S81 in obtain- ing a congressional report on this subject, embodying a vast amount of evidence he had gathered, and caused over a hundred thousand copies of it to be distributed in this country and Euroi>e. In 1882, with another gentleman, he founded "The Parent American Band of 22 ANGELL. ASPINWALL. Mercy," of which he has since been presi- dent, and from which have been formed nearly seven thousand branches in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere,- numbering about half a million mem- bers. In the winter of 1885-86, during sixty- one days, he addressed the large public schools of Boston on kindness to animals. Millions of copies of his various writings have been distributed in this country, Great Britain, and elsewhere, and trans- lated into other European languages. The paper "Our Dumb Animals," which he still edits, goes monthly to from five to GEORGE T ANGELL. twelve thousand editors in this country and British America, and to humane societies over the world. In i88g he founded " The American Humane Educa- tion Society," the first society of its kind in the world, and procured from the Massachusetts Legislature an act of incorporation, giving it power to hold half a mdlion dollars free from taxation. To this society he gave property valued at several thousand dollars, and was elected its first president. Mr. Angell, though not a rich man, has invariably refused all pecuniary compensation. He was married at Lynn, November 7, 1872, to Mrs. Eliza A. Martin, daughter of Warren and Lucy A. Mattoon of North- field. They have no children. ARNOLD, William F., son of Alfred and Bethiah ( Alden ) Arnold, was born in Enfield, Hampshire county, September 20, 1815. He drew his education from the public schools, and one year's attendance at a select school. He began his business career by engaging in mercantile pursuits in Williamsburg in 1834, remaining until 1836. He then removed to Enfield, 1837, and from Enfield to Northampton, 1839, where he carried on the same business un- til 1881. He is at present city auditor of Northampton. Mr. Arnold was married in Williams- burg, May 8, 1S39, to Florella, daughter of Jonathan and Betsey (Warren) Warner. Of this union are three children : Jonathan Warner, Mary Gertrude and Charlotte Al- den Arnold. Mr. Arnold has held commissions in the militia as adjutant, lieutenant and captain ; and justice of the peace, clerk of the town of Northampton seventeen years, member of the Legislature from the ist Hamp- shire district, 1858, 1S59, 1868, 1870, 1871, and 1872 ; a member of the school board six years. In 1859 he was a member of the committee selected by the House of Representatives for revising the public statutes of the Commonwealth. ASPINWALL, WILLIAM, was born in London, England, February 16, 1819. He was the only son of Col. Thomas Aspin- wall, who was United States Consul at London from 1815 to 1853, when he was removed by President Pierce to make room for his political supporter, George N. Sand- ers, afterwards a noted secessionist. His grandfather was Dr. William Aspinwall, of Brookline, a noted patriot who took a part with the Brookline minute men in attack- ing the British troops on their retreat from Concord, April 19, 1775. Mr. .\spinwall is a direct descendant of Peter .Aspinwall of To.xteth Park, near Liverpool, England, who came to America in 1630, settled in Dorchester, but removed to Muddy River (Brookline) in 1650, and built in 1660 the old house which still stands on Aspinwall Avenue, opposite St. Pauls Church. Mr. Aspinwall was educated in a private boarding-school at Hammersmith, near London, till he was fourteen years of age. He then came to America with his father and family. He entered Harvard College in August, 1834, and was graduated in ASPIXWALL. ATKINSON. 23 1838. He studied law two years at Cam- bridge under Professors Joseph Story and Simon Greenleaf, and received the degree of LL.H. in 1840. He studied one year in the office of Franklin Dexter and George W. Phillips, and was admitted to the bar in 1 841. From that time to the present he has been engaged in his profession. In January, 1S48, Mr. .^spinwall married Ari.xene Southgate, third daughter of Richard King Porter of Portland, Maine, a nephew of Rufus King, United States senator from Massachusetts, afterwards from New York, and minister to the Court of St. James. He has three children WM. ASPINWALL. living : a daughter, now the wife of Dr. \V. B. Trull, and two sons, Thomas and William Henry Aspinwall, both doing busi- ness in Boston. Since 1847 Mr. Aspinwall has been a legal resident of Brookline. He has always taken an active part in the affairs of the town, as well as in state and national pol- itics. Beginning his political life as a Whig, he became in 1852 a member of the Whig state central committee, and in 1855 and 1856 was its chairman. Mr. .Aspinwall lias been repeatedly called by his town to fill the various municipal offices. He was town clerk from 1850 to 1852. He represented the town in the House of Representatives 185 1 and 1S52, and in the Constitutional Convention of 1853. He was senator from Norfolk County in 1854, and trial justice for Brook- line from 1857 to i860, when he resigned. He has held the offices of selectman, assessor, water commissioner, and trustee of the public library. Of the latter board he is now chairman. Mr. Aspinwall was an ardent supporter of the government during the civil war, and called the first meeting in Brookline to aid in its vigorous prosecution. He served two years on the military commit- tee of the town, and was at the same time secretary of the Massachusetts Rifle C'lub, at whose headquarters in Boylston Hall many officers were educated and several regiments were recruited and drilled. The ^Vhig party having ceased to e.xist, Mr. .Aspinwall from 1861 to the present time has acted with the Democratic party, and has stood high in its councils. He has been many years a member of the state committee, and from 1872 to the election of (;overnor Gaston, was chairman. He re- signed his membership in 1888. He has received the nomination of his party for Congress, and was nominated for presi- dential elector by the Democrats of the 9th congressional district in 1888. Mr. Aspinwall has brought to all the positions which he has been called to fill, a highly disciplined and well furnished mind. In public debate few men are his equal in the clear, accurate and forcible presentation of a subject, nor can he be excelled in the adroitness and power with which he convinces, and frequently even compels active support from, his opponents. He is a genial host, and pre-eminently a gentleman of the old school, a man of genuine and distinguished ability. ATKINSON, Edward, -son of Amos and .Anna (ireenleaf (Sawyer) .\tkinson, was born in Brookline, Norfolk county, February 10, 1827. He received his education in private schools. August 8, 1842, he entered the commission house of Read & Chadwick, Boston, as a boy, remaining there five years, where he received an excellent old- time training, such as obtained before the day of porters and janitors, in every line of work, from that of building fires and sweeping lofts, and packing goods, to con- fidential clerk. In 1848 Mr. Atkinson became clerk and subsequently treasurer of various manufacturing companies, in which occupation he remained until 1877. He was subsecjuently made president of 24 ATWOOD. ATWOOD. the Boston Manufacturers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which position he still holds. (Jctober 4, iS55.at IJrookline, Mr. Atkin- son married Mary C, daughter of Charles and Caroline (Penniman) Heath. He has seven children living. In 1887 he was appointed b_v President Cleveland special commissioner to report upon the status of bi-metallism in Europe. He was one of the founders of the New England Emigrant Aid Society, one of the founders and is now director of the Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology. He is an honorary member of the Phi Beta Kappa (Harvard University), member of the American Academy of Arts and Sci- ences, fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, member and corresponding secretary of the Ameri- can Statistical Association, member of the International Statistical Institute, Cobden Club of Great Britain, the Unitarian Club of Boston, etc. He has received the degree of LL. D. from the University of South Carolina and Ph. D. from Dartmouth. Mr. Atkinson has been a prolific writer on economic questions, and is an ardent advocate of a currency based wholly on bullion of full value, dollar for dollar ; he holds that the most effective method of protecting and promoting home industry, is to remove all obstructions to commerce with other nations which the necessity of the country for a customs revenue will per- mit. He holds that the highest-priced labor is the cheapest, because most effec- tive. He is not afraid of the so-called pauper labor of Europe, but agrees with Daniel Webster that there are a consider- able number of undesirable kinds of work that we cannot afford to take up ourselves, when the so-called pauper laborers of Europe can be so readily hired to do them. ATWOOD, Harrison Henry, son of Peter Clark and Helen M. (Aldrich) At- wood, was born in North Londonderry, Windham county, Vt., August 26, 1863. The public schools of Charlestown and the Phillips school, Boston, gave him his school-day training, He first started to earn a livelihood in the office of Godfrey Morse and John R. Bullard, counselors-at- law He afterward studied architecture and served four years in the office of S. J. F. Thayer, working a year and a half in the office of George A. Clough, after he had left the city architect's office. He has practiced his profession in Boston about seven years. Mr. Atwood has served three years, 1S87, '88, '89, as member of the House of Representatives, being appointed to the committees on state house, litiuor law, mer- cantile affairs and cities. In May of the latter year he qualified as architect for the city of Boston, a position to which he had been appointed by Mayor Hart He was first alternate delegate from the 4th congres- sional district to the national Republican convention at Chicago, 1888. He is a member of the Masonic frater- nity, also of the I. O. O. F. He has been a member of the Republican ward and city committee of Boston for five years, serving as secretary three years, and has been two years a member of the Republican state central committee. He is unmarried. ATWOOD, Simeon, son of Simeon and Ruth Atwood, was born in Wellfleet, Barnstable county, July 27, 1825. SIMEON ATWOOD. He obtained his education in the com- mon schools of those days. Leaving school, he followed the sea for a time. In 1850 he began his business life in the stove and hardware trade, Wellfleet. In 1852 he was with Knowles, Dyer iS; Co., grocers, his father being one of the firm. In 1864 the company was dissolved, and he carried on the business, taking his brother, E. T. Atwood, into the firm. These relations continued till 1877, when he sold his interest to his brother In 1882 he again bought AVERV. AVERV. 25 out the business, takinic in his son-in-law, William H. Tubman, the firm name being Simeon Atwood iv: Co., the present title. Mr. Atwood was married in Wellfieet, December 5, 1848, to Mercy Waterman, daughter of Joseph and Abigail Higgins. Of this union was one child, Mary Steele Atwood (now Mrs. Tubman.) In i860 he was member of the House of Representatives, serving on the committee on valuation. In 1861 he was appointed deputy collector of the port of Wellfieet, serving until December i, 1877. He was one of the charter members of the W'ellfleet Savings Bank, organized in 1863, and treasurer till 1870. He has since been director, and its president since 1887. He is director in the Barnstable Mutual Fire Insurance Company, having been chosen in 1862 ; also director in the Wellfieet Marine Insurance Company. He has held a commission as justice of the peace since 1882. He is a deacon antl clerk of the First Congregational church. AVERY, WINSLOW W., son of Ebe- nezer and Rosamond (Spaulding) Avery, was born in Montpelier, Washington coun- ty, Vt., April 22, 1836. The district school and Washington County (Vt.) Academy gave him his early educational training. He began life as a page and reporter's attendant in the Vermont Legislature, carrying copy to the printers of the " Legislative Journal," and distributing daily papers to members ; afterwards served seven years' apprentice- ship in the printing business, in the office of the "Vermont Watchman," Montpelier, Vt. In 1861 he was promoted to the management of that establishment, and during the trying period of the war, and in the absence in Congress of the proprie- tor of the paper, Mr. Avery discharged his arduous duties with fidelity and acknowledged ability. In January, 1866, he removed to Plym- outh, purchased the weekly newspaper, "The Old Colony Sentinel," which he suc- cessfully published, and in 1872 consoli- dated that paper with the " Old Colony Memorial," forming a partnership with C. C. Doten, under the firm name of Avery & Doten, continuing to the present time. In 1889 he was appointed post- master of Plymouth by President Harriscjn, and is rendering the public most efficient service. Mr. Avery was first married in Williams- town, Vt., September 2, i860, to Martha Eliza, daughter of David and Betsey (Olds) Burnham. Of this union were four children : Elmer Ellsworth, Martha Eliza (tleceased), David Ebenezer, and Herbert Winslow (deceased). His second marriage was with Mary .\balana, daughter of Free- man and Hannah (Freeman) Landers. Their children are ; Martha Eliza, Marcel- lus Chandler, Hannah Freeman (deceased), and Ebenezer Freeman (deceased). Mr. Avery was charter member of Saga- more Encampment No. 45, I. O. O. F., holding the office of chief patriarch ; chaplain and member of Mayflower Lodge No. 54, 1. O. O. F., and chairman of its board of trustees for several years ; charter mem- ber of Plymouth Bay Lodge K. of H. and its dictator ; Plymouth Rock Lodge, I. O. WINSLOW W. AVERY. G. T. ; United Order Pilgrim Fathers ; member of the Methodist-Episcopal church from early life, holding all the offices in the church and ' Sunday-school, being a working and influential member of the committee which had in charge the construction of the beautiful Memorial Methodist church in Plymouth. For many years he has served upon the board of trustees of the Plymouth Five Cents Sav- ings Bank. Mr. Avery was representative to the general court in 1880 and '81, rendering faithful and valuable service upon the committees to which he was appointed. 26 BABBITT. BABSON. BABBITT, Nathan S., son of Snell and Jael (Edson) iJabbitt, was born in Hancock, Berkshire county, August 30, 1812. His father was a studious and prominent medical practitioner. His mother was also a native of Berkshire, whose family is of Welsh ex- traction, and is descended from Edward Bobbitt, who settled in Taunton in 1643. The descendants have changed the orthog- raphy of the patronymic. The Babbitt fam- ily in Massachusetts has furnished the pro- fessional and artistic walks of life with many able representatives. The line has been conspicuous for its many eminent physicians and surgeons. Isaac Babbitt, the inventor of the anti-friction "Babbitt-metal," is a member of this family. He made the first Britannia ware in this country in 1831, \n Taunton. His great metallic production dates from 1839. The preparatory education of Mr. Bab- bitt was received at the academy at South Adams. Cut off from a college course by lack of means, he entered at once upon his preparatory work for the medical prof ession. He studied one year with Dr. H. M. \\'ells of Windsor, then with his father, and also at- tended the usual course of lectures at the Berkshire Medical school, from which he was graduated M. D. in 1833, at the age of twenty-one years. Hisdegreewasconferred by Williams College, of which the Berkshire school constituted the medical department. The degree of A. M. was subsequently awarded Dr. Babbitt by the same college. Locating in South Adams, after gradua- tion, he speedily gained a wide and success- ful practice, which he prosecuted until 1846, when he removed to North Adams. For upwards of thirty years he has been studiously devoted to his profession, and is to-day the acknowledged leader of the medical fraternity in his vicinity. The excavation of the Hoosac Tunnel was attended by many accidents to the workmen employed therein. Their fre- quent and severe injuries imperatively de- manded the presence of a skilled surgeon, whose cool judgment and prompt action should be adequate to all emergencies. Dr. Babbitt was engaged by the Tunnel com- pany, and for more than twenty years his services were often under requisition. Prior to his settlement in Adams, patients who needed surgical treatment sought it at the recognized centres of professional skill. Since then his eminent abilities have ren- dered such recourse unnecessarv. In 1837 Dr. Babbitt was elected a fel- low of the Massachusetts Medical Society. He was the first president of the Northern District Medical Association. In 1835 Dr. Babbitt was married to Ann Eliza, daughter of Thomas Robinson, of Adams. BABCOCK, James Francis, son of Archibald D. and Fanny F. (Richards) Bab- cock, was born in Boston, February 23, 1844. His early education was accomplished at the Quincy grammar school and at the English high school in Boston, where he graduated in i860, and at once entered the chemical department of the Lawrence Sci- entific school of Harvard University. Com- pleting the course of study in 1862, he at once commenced the profession of analyti- cal chemist, which he has practiced in Bos- ton to the present time, frequently being engaged as chemical expert in patent cases and in capital trials in this and other states. On the 25th of May, 1865, in Boston, i\Ir. Babcock was married to Mary Porter, daughter of Walter and Mary (Watson) Crosby. Their children are : Walter C, Frank C, and Marie Babcock. Mr. Babcock was appointed state assayer by Governor Gaston in 1875, and re-ap- pointed by successive governors for ten years. He was appointed milk inspector for the city of Boston in 1S85, and contin- ued to the year 18S9. His official reports on milk, butter, etc., form valuable contri- butions to the literature of these subjects. From 1870 to 1875 he was professor of chemistry in the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, and in the Boston Lhiiversity from 1875 to 1880. Prof. Babcock is a popular iyceum lec- turer upon scientific subjects, and is the inventor of the chemical fire engine and the Babcock fire extinguisher. BABSON, FiTZ James, son of Joseph and Mary Babson, was born in Gloucester, Essex county, February 14, 1828. From the public schools of his native town he passed to the Murray Institute Academy, where he remained until the age of fourteen. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a master carpenter, with whom he served, four years. Commencing business as contractor and builder at the age of twenty-one, he continued in this line until the breaking out of the war of the rebellion. BABSON. BACON. 27 Enlisting in the 23d re.Ofiment of Massa- chusetts volunteers, he served three years with this regiment, until 1864, as second lieutenant, lieutenant and captain. In 1864 he recruited the 25th unattached compau}'. United States infantry, to which he was assigned, with the rank of captain, and with which he served until the close of the war. He was commander of Colonel Allen Post, G. A. R., 1868 and 1869, the first two years after it was instituted. In 1858 and i860 he represented his district in the lower branch of the Legisla- ture. He was inspector of customs and lioardiuLi-officcr for the district of Glouces- FITZ J, BABSON. ter from 1865 to 1869, and collector of customs for the same district from May, 1869, to November, 1885, holding commis- sions from Presidents Grant, Hayes, and Arthur. He is an active member of the order of F. & A. M., having served as master for eight years. He has been identified with all progressive movements in his native city and district, and is always alert in guard- ing the American fishing interests. He was made president of the National Fishery Association in 1886, and still holds the position. He prepared and presented most of the documentary and oral testimony for the United States before the Halifax Com- mission, also the report to the state de- partment of his voyage on the " Kear- sarge," inspecting the Dominion shore fish- eries, and assisted in the compilation and presentation of the report on the Fortune Hay outrage on American fishermen. His continued defense of the marine interests of New England from foreign ag- gression and adverse legislation has given him a national reputation, and to his pub- Ushed articles on matters connected with the Atlantic fisheries, the weight of author- ity. He has always been an intense Repub- lican and protectionist, and insists upon ■'America for the Americans." Mr. Babson was first married, August 19, 1850, in Gloucester, to Sarah E., daughter of Joseph and Sarah Procter. His second marriage was in Middlefield, July 14, 1885, to Mary Jane, daughter of Jonathan and Mary (Sophia) McElwain. His children by first marriage are : Mary, Anna Procter, and Fitz James Babson, Jr. BACON, Edwin Munroe, .son of Henry and Eliza Ann (Munroe) Bacon, was born in Providence, R. I., October 20, 1844. His father was an eminent univer- salist clergyman, who died in Philadelphia when he was a lad of twelve years. His early education was mainly received ill private schools in Providence, Philadel- |)hia, and Boston. He finished his studies Ml an academy at Fo.xborough, a private and boarding school which flourished for many years under James L. Stone as prin- 11 pal, and which fitted many boys for college. At the age of nineteen he became con- nected with the " Boston Daily .\dvertiser " as a reporter, Charles Hale at that time iieing chief editor of the paper. He re- mained with the "Advertiser" for several years, and then left its employ to take the editorship of the " Illustrated Chicago News," in Chicago, 111., an enterprise which enjoyed a very brief but honorable career. From Chicago he returned East, and in the spring of 1868 became connected with the " New York Times," first as assistant night editor, subsequently becoming night editor, and later, managing editor. He was fortunate in securing employment on the "Times" staff during the life of Henry J. Raymond, its founder. Under him and the late S. S. Conant — general news edi- tor during Mr. Raymond's later years — he learned the journalist's trade thoroughly. He was made managing editor by John Bigelow, who became editor of the "'i'imes" soon after the death of Mr. Raymond. 28 BACON. BACON. In 1S72 Mr. Bacon resigned his position on the "Times "on account of ill-health produced b}- over-work, and returned to Boston. Subsequentl)- he joined the staff of the " Advertiser " as general news editor, after representing it in New York for some months as its special correspondent there. In 1873 he became chief editor of the " Bo.ston Globe," and conducted it as an independent journal. Resigning in 1878, he returned to the " Daily Advertiser," assuming the duties of managing editor. In the winter of 1883, upon the retirement of Edward Stanwood, chief editor, Mr. Bacon came into full editorial charge of the paper, and in the summer of 1884 he was made associate editor with Professor Charles F. Dunbar. In January, 1886, he retired from the "Advertiser," when the paper passed into the control of new hands, and in May, 1886, was made chief editor of the " Boston Post," when this journal was purchased by a number of gentlemen known in politics as Independents. Under the editorship of Mr. Bacon the " Post " has steadily grown in public favor, and has secured a permanent position among the daily papers of the first class in the country. The present management in- tend to maintain a high standard of in- dependent journalism by treating all political and other questions of public interest with fairness, frankness, and pro- priety, and to continue to advocate with the same energy and persistency it has displayed in the past, tariff and adminis- trative reforms until they are finally estab lished. Mr. Bacon has done much work as a special correspondent. Early in his career he wrote for several western journals ; for several years he served as Boston corre- spondent of the " New York Evening Post;" he was a special correspondent of the " New York Times " in Boston from 1873 until his assumption of the editorship of the " Boston Post," and he was the reg- ular Boston letter-writer of the " Spring- field Republican " in the summer of 1879 and that of 1886. He has compiled several books in Bos- ton. He is the author of "King's Dic- tionary of Boston" (1883) — now "Bacon's Dictionary of Boston" (Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 1886), and is the editor of " Boston Illustrated " (Houghton, MifBin & Company). On the 24th of October, 1867, at Somer- ville, Mr. Bacon was married to (lusta E., daughter of Ira and Hannah Hill. He has one child, Madeleine L. Bacon. BACON, JOSEPH Newman, son of Joseph and Beulah Crafts (Fuller) Bacon, was born in Newton, Middlesex county, January 25, 1813. On his father's side he is descended from William Bacon, who settled in Salem in 1640. His wife traces her genealogv in a direct line from the Woodward family, who as long ago as 1681 owned and occupied the homestead located in Newton High- lands. He attended the common schools until the age of thirteen, when he went for two terms to Marshall S. Rice's private acad- emy for boys, at Newton Centre. Several JOSEPH N BACON, years later he attended Phillips Academy, Andover, for a short time. In 1835 he bought out his father's in- terest in a general store in Newton, in which business he remained until 1846. He then engaged in buying and selling real estate. In 1856 he was elected presi- dent of the Newton National Bank, and in 1858, president of the Newton & Water- town Cas Light Company, which positions he still holds. Mr. Bacon was married in Newton, April 17, 1845, to Sarah Anna, daughter of Elijah Fuller and Anna (Murdock) Wood- ward. Of this union were four children : Anna Woodward (deceased), Sarah Emma, BAILEY. BAILEY. 29 Joseph Herbert (deceased), and William Francis Bacon. In addition to the offices named, Mr. Bacon has been director of the Citizens' ^lutual Insurance Company from its com- mencement ; trustee of P>uphrates College, Harpoot, Turkey, and deacon of the Eliot Congregational church. In 1838 Mr. Bacon made a prospecting tour West, as far as Cincinnati and Louis- ville, doing half the distance by coach, canal and steamboat, and decided that the East was more desirable for residence. In politics he was a Whig until 1848, when he voted for Martin Van Buren and Charles Francis .\dams, as a " Conscience Whig." He became a Republican in 1856, when that party absorbed the " Conscience Whigs." He has ever voted the Republi- can ticket, with the single exception of 1884, when distrust of the Republican candidate for president led him to vote with the Prohibitionists. Mr. Bacon has erected several fine blocks of buildings that add much to the beauty and valuation of his native place. He is conservative in his action, and what- ever offices he has held have come to him entirely unsolicited. He has never been swept into the whirl of active struggle for political preferment, chiefly from his dis- like of the questionable methods and prac- tices frequentl)' associated with it. BAILEY, Dudley Perkins, the .son of Rev. Dudley P. Bailey, a Baptist clergy- man, was born in Cornville, Somerset county, Maine, October 24, 1843. He received his elementary education in the district schools of Hartland and Monson, Maine, and also at Monson Academy. In the summer of 1864 he entered Waterville College, now Colby University, and gradu- ated with the class of 1867. He then commenced the study of law with Hon. William L. Putnam at Portland, Maine, and continued with him till 1870, in May of which year he opened an office for the practice of law at Freeport, Maine, having been admitted to the bar at Port- land, .\pril 28, 1870. In October, 1870, he removed to Port- land, and practiced law there until March, 1872 ; he then opened a law office in F2verett and also subsequently in Boston, both of which he still retains. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives in 1886 and 1887, and served as House chairman of the committee on ta.xation both years ; also served on the committee on probate and insolvency in 1887. , Mr. Bailey has never married. He is a member of the Palestine Lodge F. & A. M., Everett and Tabernacle Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, Maiden. He has been treasurer of the F'irst Bap- tist church in Everett since 1878, member of the school board of Everett, 1873-74, 1876-80, and from 1882 until the present time. He has been chairman of the same from 1886. He is a trustee of Everett public library, and has been secretary of the board since 1878. In 1868 Mr. Bailey was awarded the first prize offered by the American Free Trade League to the undergraduates of .\merican DUDLEY P. BAILEY. colleges for the best essay in favor of free trade. He was formerly (1867-72) connected with the " Portland Press," and has been an occasional contributor to various other newspapers. He is also author of various articles, mostly financial, for magazines : first in the " American Exchange and Re- view " of Philadelphia, and afterwards in the " Banker's Magazine " of New York. .-Vmong these may be mentioned : " Public E.xpenditure, Debt and Taxation ; " " Paper Money and Commerce in Russia ; " " Na- tional Banks or a National Bank ; " " His- torical Sketch of Banking in Massachu- setts ; " The Currencv and Commerce of 30 BAILEY. BAKER. Cuba ; " " The Credit Institutions of Italy ;" and a series of articles giving an extended account of " The Clearing- House System," with statistics of nearly all the clearing houses in the world, 'i'hese ar- ticles on the clearing houses have attracted the attention of financial writers both at home and abroad. Besides magazine articles, he is the author of the historical sketch of the town of Everett in " Drake's History of Middlesex County ; " also of the part relating to clearing houses in " Bolles' Practical Banking." BAILEY, George W., son of Job and Lydia ¥. Bailey, was born at Scituate, Plymouth county, August i, 1830. He received his early education in the common schools of his native town, attend- ing summer and winter up to the age of twelve, then from twelve to sixteen years the winter terms only. He afterwards went one term to a private school. In 1854 Mr. Bailey went into partner- ship with Howard Vinal in the boot and shoe manufacturing trade at Scituate. Upon the retirement of Mr. Vinal in 1855. he carried on the business alone until January i, 1856, when he took George Leonard, Jr., of Boston, into partnership, the firm then becoming Bailey & Leonard. From 1858 to 1875 Jotham W. Bailey was a partner, under the firm name of (i. W. & J. W. Bailey. Since the latter date Mr. Bailey has carried on the business by himself. He was elected a member of the scho<.)l board in 1885, and still serves in that capacity as chairman. Mr. Bailey has been deacon of the Bap- tist church at Scituate thirty-three years, treasurer for twenty years, and chairman of the executive committee. He was married at Scituate, November 26, 1856, to Hannah W., daughter of James S. Briggs, a former ship-builder of Scituate. He has only one son surviving, Herbert IS. Bailey of Wollaston. BAKER, Edwin, son of Roswell and Bathsheba Baker, was born in Hawley, Franklin county, January 18, 1S43. He was brought up on a farm, and re- ceived his education in district and select schools, and at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N. H. At the age of nineteen he enlisted in the 5 2d regiment Massachusetts volunteers, and served under General Banks in the Louisiana campaign. In 1864 he entered the emplov of Dr. A. H. Taylor, in Shelburne Falls, as drug clerk. Three years later he purchased the business, and has conducted it as his own since that time. Mr. Baker is a prominent and leading citizen, and has held important offices in the town, and been honored with such business positions as director in the Shel- burne Falls National Bank, trustee in the Shelburne Falls Savings Bank, and trustee and treasurer of Arms Library. For sixteen years Mr. Baker was super- intendent of the Congregational Sunday- school in Shelburne Falls. He is a Free Mason, being a member of Mountain Lodge, F. & A. M. He has served this EDWIN BAKER lodge in various capacities, and for four years was worshipful master. From 1882 to 1885 he was district deputy grand master of the 14th Masonic district. He was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature in 1885 and 1886, and served upon the public health and Hoosac Tunnel committees. In 1889 he repre- sented Franklin district as State senator, and was a member of the committee on public health, agriculture, and engrossed bills, being chairman of the latter. On the first day of August, 1867, Mr. Baker was married to Emma Isabel, daugh- ter of Edward and Hannah Bannister of Leeds, Yorkshire County, England. BAKER. BAKER. BAKER, John 1., son of Joseph and Lucy (Bisson) Haker, was born in Beverh', Essex county, August i6, 1812. He left school at twelve and one-half years of age, and after a two years' engage- ment in a store in Salem and Beverly, he served a fourteen months' apprenticeship at shoe-making, and was connected with that business for nearly twenty years. He has also been engaged in rubber manufac- ture and in mercantile affairs, and has done an extensive business as surveyor, and in the settlement of estates. Mr. Baker's proverbial characteristic of fair and equitable dealing was early devel- JOHN I. BAKER. oped, and he was frequently called upon to act as adviser or arbitrator in complicated and important cases. His business of later years has been largely in real estate. He very early took an active interest in public affairs, and has performed long and conspicuously honorable service therein in town, county and state. He was town clerk of Beverly at twenty-three years of age, and for nearly twenty years thereafter, serving also as selectman for nearly one- half that time. In 1847 he was chosen county commissioner, also in 1850 and '53. Mr. Baker has a phenomenal record of service in the state Legislature, having oc- cupied a seat in the House of Representa- tives in no less than eighteen different sessions, being a member in 1840, '45, '46, '47, '52> '56, '<'S. '66, '69, '71, '75, '78, '79, '80, '81, '82, '83, and '84. He enjoyed the distinction for eight years of being the sen- ior member in service, and in consequence he has been obliged to call the house to order, and preside during the organization on those occasions. He was a member of the State Senate in 1863 and '64 ; council- or with Governor Banks in i860, and with C'rovernor Andrew in 1861 ; took a promi- nent part with the former in settling the long vexed question of the Rhode Island boundary, and was in intimate and active co-operation with the latter in fitting out all the Massachusetts troops in the first year of the war ; and after leaving the official councils, continued in similar fel- lowship with Governor Andrew in all the subsequent work of the war. In legislative work i\Ir. Baker served on many important committees, often as chair- man. The railroad committee received a good share of his service, and he labored earnestly in bringing about the establish- ment of a board of railroad commissioners. He was largely instrumental in establish- ing the present system of state valuation and taxation, and is still interested in state charities and prisons ; believes in female suffrage ; is a radical temperance man and ])rohibitionist ; member of the congrega- tion of the First Baptist society, Beverly ; was an early abolitionist, and of the anti- slavery wing of the Whig party ; was an active and prominent organizer of the Re- publican party, associated in his labors with John .\. Andrew. Mr. Baker continued in full fellowship with the Republican party until 1870, since which time he has acted independently, or with the Prohibition party ; in 1875 he was the Prohibition candidate for gover- nor. In 187S, '79, and '82 he supported General Butler for governor. In 18S3 he was appointed by General Butler, who that year occupied the gubernatorial chair, as a member of the harbor and land commission, which position he still holds, having been re-appointed at the expiration of each term of his service of three years by Governors Robinson and Ames. Mr. Baker was many years chairman of the Beverly board of selectmen and of the school board ; is president of Liberty Ma- sonic Association ; of Odd Fellows' Hall Association ; of the Beverly Gas Light Company ; of the Beverly & Danvers Street Railway Company , of the Beverly co-operative store, and vice-president of 32 BAKER. BAKER. the Beverly Savings Bank. He takes a lively interest in the history and the pedi- gree of the early families of Beverly and vicinity, and continues an active and un- wearied promoter of the grovVth and pros- perity of the town which has so uninter- ruptedly given him so flattering a support at the polls. His sagacity and wide ac- quaintance with the prominent legislators indifferent parts of the State has had no little influence in keeping historic Beverly still undivided and in the enjoyment of all its town privileges, and with its property un- impaired. B.AKER, Nathan Babbitt, the son of Joel Baker, was born July 20, 1841, at West Hawley, Franklin county. He received his early education in the common schools in Savoy until 1858, when he was sent to Athol, where he attended the high school for one year, at the same time supporting himself by sawing wood mornings and nights. He was then called home to assist his father on his farm. In i860 he was hired out to a farmer in Cheshire for si.x months, and in the follow- ing year to a farmer in Hawley. Mr. Baker is now a farmer at Savoy Centre, being much interested in agricul- tural pursuits. He is a member and vice- president of several agricultural societies. His valuable services as an expert have frequently been called into requisition at agricultural fairs. He is a member of the town school board, and has been frequently elected to represent the Republican party of his dis- trict at conventions and county nomina- tions. He enlisted August, 1862, in company E, 5 2d Massachusetts volunteer militia, which was raised in Greenfield, and was honorably discharged in the fall of 1863. His health, however, was very seriously impaired, and he is one of those who to- day are suffering physical disability, oc- casioned by constant exposure and arduous service in the army. Mr. Baker was married at Savoy Centre, October 28, 1868, to Sarah Abbie, the only daughter of Harman Snow, of that town, by whom he had five children : Walter Joel, who died in 1884, aged ten years, Sarah .\bbie, .\ngie Mary, Nellie Bell, and Ada Hannah Baker. He has been prominentlv identified with the Grand Army for several years, served in 1888 on the staff of Department Com- mander Walker, was re-ap]5ointed by De- partment Commander Goodale for 1889 as aide-de-camp and assistant inspector. It is a singular fact, and one probably without a parallel in army history, that Mr. Baker was permitted to enlist while suffer- ing at the time from a disability which should have at once disqualified him from active service. His ambition to serve in the war led him to conceal his inability to raise his arm to a level with his shoulder, and this defect was not discovered until at an inspection at Port Hudson his superior officer tossed him a musket which he was unable to properly catch. It was too late, however, to prevent his continuing in ac- tive and honorable service. BAKER, Smith, son of Smith and Mary (Smith) Baker, was born in Bowdoin, Sagadahoc county, Maine, February 18, 1836. He was graduated from the Bangor (Maine) Theological Seminary in i860, and was settled over the Congrega- tional churches of Orono and Veazie, Maine, until 1871, when he became the pastor of the first Congregational church, Lowell. Mr. Baker has always taken an active interest in Sunday-school work ; the school connected with his church is one of the largest in New England. He has been a member of all the international Sunday- school conventions, and for several years past has been a member of the national executive committee. He is also chair- man of the Sunday-school committee of the national council of Congregational churches. Mr. Baker is a frequent contributor to various religious publications, and since the re-crganization of the " Golden Rule," has edited the Sunday-school lesson for that paper. In this work is seen the same pithy terseness of expression which char- acterizes his sermons. He has published two small books of " Talks to Young Men and Young Women." Mr. Baker's pastorate in Lowell has been phenomenally successful. No less than twelve hundred have united with the church since his acceptance of its pastoral charge. The new and elegant place of worship has a seating capacity of thirteen hundred, and is admirably adapted to modern church work. Mr. Baker has been instrumental not only in preventing all dissensions, but in unifying the sentiment of his people. His is distinctively the " People's Church." Mr. Baker was married September 13, i860, to Isabella A., daughter of .\lvah and Elizabeth Ditson, of Northumberland, Vt. The wife and one son, Alvah S. Baker, are living. BALDWIN. BALDWIN. BALDWIN, John Stanton, son of John Denison and Lemira (Hathaway) Baldwin, was born in New Haven, New Haven county, Conn., January 6, 1834. He attended the public schools of Con- necticut, the Hartford high school, and finished with the state normal school. He had fitted for Yale College, but was obliged to relinquish his college course, from lack of funds. Mr. Baldwin learned the printer's trade in Hartford, and was first called, at the age of nineteen, to the business which he has ever since followed, when his father became editor and proprietor of the " Boston Daily Commonwealth." He was placed in charge of the business office, where he remained five years. These were the years of the execution of the infamous "fugitive slave act " which stirred Massachusetts to its centre. The " Commonwealth " was the organ of the men who bitterly opposed this act, and its ofifice was the daily rendez- vous of such men as Theodore Parker, Charles Sumner, Richard H. Dana, Jr., Wendell Phillips, Henry Wilson, Dr. Samuel G. Howe, \\'illiam Claflin, John A. Andrew, Anson Burlingame, and others illustrious in the history of the anti-slavery agitation in Massachusetts. It was amid these as- sociations that Mr. Baldwin became a voter and formed the convictions which shaped his subsequent political course. In 1859 he was associated with his father and- brother in the publication of " The \\'orcester Daily Spy," and is now the senior proprietor and editor of that paper. Mr. Baldwin was captain in the 51st Massachusetts regiment, where he served during the war of the rebellion ; was a member of the House of Representatives from Worcester, 1871 and 1872 ; has been common councilman and member of Wor- cester school board ; is a member of the Church of the Unity, Worcester, and su- perintendent of its Sunday-school. He is also connected with several social and charitable organizations. He is a mem- ber of the Worcester Club, the Quinsiga- mond Boat Club, the Massachusetts Club, the Grand Army of the Republic, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and the Society of the Army of the Potomac. Mr. Baldwin was married in Worcester, October 19, 1863, to Emily, daughter of Albert and Mary (Eaton) Brown. Of this union are si.x children : Mary Eleanor, Robert Stanton, Alice Hathaway, John Denison, Henry Brown, and Emily Clinton Baldwin. BALDWIN, William Henry, son of Henry and Mary (Brackett) Ualdwin, was born in Brighton [now Boston], October 20, 1826. He received his educational training in the public and private schools of his native place. His first business experience was with the firm of Kelly & Spring, dry goods, Brighton, with whom he remained about four years ; next with James M. Beebe & Co., importers and dry goods jobbers, Bos- ton, and afterwards with Gannett, Balch & Co., in the same business in the same city. Mr. (iannett was a former partner in the firm of James M. Beebe it Co. Mr. Bald- win remained with this firm until A[)ril, 1850, when the firm of Baldwin, Baxter & Curry was organized, importers and job- bers of woolens. In 1S58 Mr. Baxter died, and the business was continued under the firm name of Baldwin & Curry until July, 1865, when Mr. Baldwin disposed of his interest in the concern and engaged in the dry goods commission business, in which he remained until April, 1868. In the winter of 1867-68 it was decided to resume the work of the Boston Young Men's Christian Union — organized 1851, incorporated 1852 — which had been interrupted and temporarily discontinued on account of the civil war. At a meet- ing of the life-members and friends of this organization, held April 15, 1868, a board of government was elected, the choice being made of Mr. Baldwin, without previous consultation with him as to the use of his name, as president of the board. Mr. Baldwin, after some hesitation — being then in active business — accepted, with the full intention of re-engaging in business at the close of the Union year ; but he became so deeply interested in the work of the Union, its growth and success, that he has remained in the position of president for the period now covering over twenty-one years. The membership of the Union April i, 1889 (date of last annual report), was 5,165. Mr. Baldwin has been actively identi- fied with many organizations and societies in Boston — religious, philanthropic, and others. At the present time he is president of the " Children's Mission to the Children of the Destitute," Boston ; director in the " Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ; " director in the '' Old Boston School Boys' Association ; " trustee Franklin Savings Bank, vice-presi- dent of the Unitarian Church Tem]ierance Society (National) ; also a member of the 34 BALDWIN. BALL. Boston Memorial Association, and of the Bostonian Society. He was one of the founders of the Unitarian Club, and a member of its council the first seven years; he has always taken a deep interest in the work of the Sunday-school ; was for sev- eral years president of the Unitarian Sun- day-school Society, and for twenty-five years superintendent of the Sunday-schools connected with the Church of the Unity and the Church of the Disciples, Boston. Mr. Baldwin has always taken a lively interest m the political welfare of his city, state and nation, from a sense of religious duty, without being able to give that WILLIAM H, BALDWIN, amount of time which would have been required to fulfill the duties connected with public official positions. He has always been a strong advocate of our pub- lic schools, and for several years served as member of the Boston school board. Dur- ing the civil war he was a member of the war relief committee of the old ward eleven, Boston, which rendered important service to the families of those who were engaged at the front in the defense of the Union. Mr. Baldwin was married in Boston, June 17, 1851, to Mary Frances Augusta, daughter of Jonathan and Nancy (Aklrich) Chaffee of Boston. Of this union were nine children : Mary Chaffee, Maria Jose- phine, Harry Heath, Frank Fenno, Fanny Aldrich, William. Henry, George Storer, Robert Collyer, and Richard Brackett Baldwin. BALL, PhINEHAS, son of Manassah S. and Clarissa (.Andrews) Ball, was born in Boylston, Worcester county, January 18, 1824. The common schools of his native town, with a short attendance at Berlin Academy, gave him his educational training up to 1840, when he learned from an uncle the rudiments of surveying, which was the starting point of his after education in civil engineering. His later education has been obtained in the field, in actual con- tact with the practical work, and by per- sonal private study of various works on engineering, mostly relating to water-works and sewers. He began his business life by associat- ing himself with Klbridge Boyden, archi- tect, Worcester, under the firm name of Boyden & Ball, architects and civil engineers. This partnership continued until i860. Since that date he has carried on the business of civil engineering in the city of Worcester, doing general work up to 1865, but after that time engaged al- most wholly by the city until 1872. Since the latter date he has been engaged a large part of the time in the construction of water-works, and consulting on plans of water-works and sewers for towns and cities, chiefly in the State of Massachu- setts. He has also the management and direction of the Union Water Meter Com- pany. Mr. Ball married, in Marlborough, De- cember 21, 1S4S, Sarah Augusta, daugh- ter of William and Rebecca (Howe) Holy- oke. Of this union were two children : Allard Holyoke (deceased), and Helen Augusta Ball. His second marriage oc- curred November 29, 1865, in Lancaster, with Mary Jane, daughter of Benj. B. and Mary (Carter) Otis. Mr. Ball was a member of the common council, Worcester, i862-'63 ; mayor of Worcester, 1865 ; water commissioner from 1863 to 1867 ; and city engineer from 1867 to 1872. He was clerk of the Worcester County Mechanics' Association from 1857 to 1865, and treasurer seven years during the time, and was afterwards director, vice-president and president of the association for short terms; was for seventeen years one of the vice-presidents of the Mechanics' Savings Bank, and for seven years the president of BALLIET. BANCROFT. 35 the Worcester county conference of Uni- tarian ciiurclies. Mr. Ball has taken out a number of patents, chiefly relating to water meters and water-works fixtures. He has been president of the Union Water Meter Com- pany since its incorporation, November 9, ■1868. BALLIET, Tho.MAS M., son of Nathan and Sarah (Minard) Balliet, was born at Mauch Chunk, Carbon county. Pa., of Huguenot descent, March i, 1852. He received his early education at the public schools, and entered Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., where he was graduated in 1876, with the highest honors of his class. In September, 1877, he entered the divinity school at Yale College, and continued the study of theol- ogy for two years. Before entering college he taught in ungraded schools for two years, and for one )'ear was teacher of mathematics in an academy at Lehighton, Pennsylvania. Immediately after graduating from col- lege, he was chosen principal of the high school and superintendent of schools in Bellefonte, Pa., which position he held till he entered the divinity school, and two years later, on leaving the divinity school, he was elected teacher of Latin and Greek at the state normal school at Kutztown, Pa. At the end of two years he resigned, to accept the position of county superin- tendent of schools of Carbon county, Pa., devoting considerable time to lecturing upon educational subjects before teachers' conventions throughout the state. At the expiration of his three years' term he declined re-election and went to Chicago, where he taught for a term in the Cook county normal school, conducting teach- ers' institutes in the western states, and lectured at teachers' conventions. In 1885 he was elected superintendent of schools in Reading, Pa., and re-elected in 1887. At the same time he was also elected pro- fessor of logic, psychology, and pedagog- ics, in Haverford College, Philadeljihia, but declined the election. In October, 1887, he v/as elected superintendent of schools in Springfield, and entered upon the duties of the office April i, 1888. He has also had charge of the department of psychology at the Saratoga summer school since 1885, and of the same department at the Glens Falls, N. Y., and at the Penn- sylvania summer schools for 1888 and '89. Mr. Balliet has obtained a wide reputa- tion through papers he has read before the State teachers' associations of Massachu- setts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Con- necticut, New York and Pennsylvania, and through his lectures before educational conventions in Iowa, Illinois, Pennsylva- nia, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and all the New England states but Maine. BANCROFT, WILLIAM AMOS, son of Charles and Lvdia Emeline (Spaulding) Bancroft, was born in Groton, Middlesex county, April 26, 1855. He attended the public schools and the Lawrence Academy, located in his native town. He became a student for two years at Phillips Academy, E.xeter, N. H., and from this institution he was graduated in 1874. In the same year he went to Cam- bridge to live, and entered Harvard Col- lege. From childhood he took an active part in athletic sports, and, while in col- lege, was the captain and stroke oarsman of the famous Harvard L'niversity crews ol '77, '78 and '79. Graduating from col- lege with his class in 1878, he entered the Harvard Law school, and subsequently the law oflice of district attorney William B. Stevens. He was admitted to the Suf- folk bar in 1S81, having previously opened a law office in Boston with his classmate, Edward F. Johnson, now mayor of Woburn. After the practice of the law for several years, in 1885 he entered the street rail- way business as superintendent of the Cam- bridge railroad. This position he held at the time of the strike of the six hundred employees in 1887, and was charged with the duty of re-organizing the service of the road. So energetically did he proceed in hiring new men and in running the cars, that, in fourteen days, all of the twentv- two lines were in full operation. After the consolidation of the various street railways of Boston into the West End Street Rail- way, he was, in 1888, appointed road-mas- ter and given charge of the two hundred and thirty miles of track operated by the company. While practicing law he was a corre- spondent of several Boston and New A'ork papers, and also devoted considerable time, from 1879 to 1884, to "coaching" the Harvard crews. While a freshman at college, Mr. Ban- croft joined the state militia, in the spring of 1S75, as a private in company K (after- wards company B), 5th regiment, and, after filling the positions of corporal and sergeant, was elected second lieutenant in 1877, first lieutenant in 1878, and captain in 1879. He was elected colonel of the regiment February 7, 1882, and still holds that commission. Under his administra- 36 BANCROFT. BANKS. tion, the regiment has steadily gained in proficiency, and, in 1889, was detailed by the commander-in-chief, on account of its military excellence, as escort to the state delegation at the centennial celebration at New York, of Washington's inauguration as president of the United States. In this duty the regiment acquitted itself with much credit, and was in numbers nearly eight hundred strong — the largest regiment that has ever left the State before or since the civil war. Having been elected a member of the common council of Cambridge for the year 1882, at the state election of that WILLIAM A, BANCROFT. year, Mr. Bancroft was elected a represen- tative to the General Court from the Old Cambridge district, and was returned at the two subsequent elections. During his three years' service in the Legislature he was House chairman of the military com- mittee, and also of the committee on library ; was clerk of the street railway, and the finance committees ; and was a member of the committee on probate and chancery, and of bills in the third reading. On the i8th of January, 1879, he was married to Mary, daughter of Joseph and Catherine (Perry) Shaw, of Boston. He has three children : Hugh, Guy and Cath- erine Bancroft. BANKS, Nathaniel Prentiss, son of Nathaniel Prentiss and Rebecca ( Green- wood) Banks, was born in Waltham, Mid- dlesex county, January 30, 1816. After receiving a common school train- ing, when about ten years of age he worked as bobbin boy in a cotton factory of which his father was superintendent. It was in this factory that the first cotton cloth was made that was manufactured in the United States. He subsequently learn- ed the trade of machinist in the machine shop of Kendall & Wallace, Waltham, and with Coolidge, Sibley & Treat, Stony Brook. His leisure hours were employed in study. He early developed an aptitude for speaking, and was engaged in lecturing while but a youth. He became editor of a local paper, and was concerned in news- paper ventures both in Waltham and Low- ell. He has ever been a diligent student, and his attainments in the modern lan- guages, in history, politics and science have contributed not a little to the marked suc- cess which hascharacterizedhis publicutter- ances during his long and eventful career. He was married in Waltham, April 11, 1847, to Mary, daughter of Jeduthan and Sarah (Turner) Palmer. Of this union were four children, of whom three are liv- ing — Joseph W., a civil engineer, settled in the west ; Mary Binney, wife of Rev. Paul Sterling, and Maud Banks, who has so suc- cessfully devoted herself to histrionic art. Miss Banks inherited her dramatic tastes from her father, who fifty years ago faced the footlights as an amateur. In 1837 he enacted the part of " Claude Melnotte " with marked acceptance. Choosing the profession of law, he pur- sued his legal studies in the office of Rob- ert Rantoul, Jr., and was admitted to the bar, but never practiced much in the courts. His first public service was as inspector in the Boston custom house. In 1849 he was elected to the Legislature. He was chosen speaker of the House in 1851 and 1852. In 1853 he was elected to a seat in the state Constitutional Convention, and was made president of that body. He joined the Native American party, was elected to Congress in 1853 as a coali- tion Democrat, and in the next Congress was re-elected by the American party, and chosen speaker of the National House of Representatives, after an unparalleled and exciting contest, lasting over two months, and resulting in the casting of one hundred and thirty-two ballots ere the dead-lock was broken. As a speaker of the House he has had but few equals. BARKER. BARKER. 37 Having been elected governor of Massa- chusetts in 11S57, he resigned his seat in Congress. He ser.ved three years as gover- nor — 1858, '59 and '60. In i860 he acce])t- ed the position of president of the Ilhnois Central Railroad, succeeding Captain (sub- sequently General) George B. McClellan. When the civil war opened, Governor Banks was commissioned a major-general of volunteers, and assigned to the command of the 5th corps in the army of the Poto- mac. General Banks's corps was ordered to the front August 9, 1862, and immedi- atelv participated in active service in the battle of Cedar Mountain, where it held its position against a largely superior force. Later, in the same year. General Banks was placed in command of the defenses of Washington, and subsequently assigned to the command of the expedition to New Orleans, and succeeded General Butler in the command of that department. During his command of the department of the Gulf, he endeavored to re-organize the civil government of Louisiana. The Red River expedition, undertaken in opposition to his remonstrances, proved a disastrous enterprise, but some of the best military critics exculpate General Banks from all blame for the result. He was relieved of his command in May, 1864; resigned his commission, and returned to Massachusetts, and was again elected to Congress from his old district. He was re-elected to the suc- cessive Congresses until 1877, failing only in 1872, when he allied himself to the for- tunes of Horace Greeley, the nominee of the Democratic party for the presidency for that term. In Congress he served a long time as chairman of the committee on foreign relations. Since his retirement from congressional service, he has served as United States marshal, having been appointed by President .\rthur, and served until the administration of President Cleve- land. In 1888 he was once more elected to Congress from his old district. General Banks is now over seventy-three years of age — the oldest living ex-governor of Massachusetts. The Commonwealth has a warm place in her heart for her former chief magistrate — for his ability displayed in his long service has been as conspicuous as his integrity has been untarnished. BARKER, Henry, son of Asa and Nancy (Jones) ]5arker, was born in North Chelmsford, Middlesex county, September 16, 1811. His educational advantages were quite limited, and left him a thirst for knowledge which it was a pleasure to him to gratify in after years, gradually adtling to the stock he had acquired in the too brief at- tendance at a country school. His father was a practical stone-cutter, as well as contractor, enjoying the confi- dence of Boston capitalists of that day, and the son was called when quite young to render such assistance as was possible in a boy who had just entered his teens. He commenced as a tool sharpener, and fol- lowing through the various gradations of the trade of stone-cutting, at the age of eighteen he had left home and entered the employ of Richards &: !Munn, in Boston, HENRY BARKER. at that time one of the leading firms in the granite business in that cit)', and also in Quincy, and soon became one of the most expert workmen of the day. He was always foremost in originating and adopt- ing new and improved methods in connec- tion with the business in which he had grown up, persevering in some instances, notwithstanding determined opposition that would have discouraged a man with less faith in his work, and without confidence that truth would in the end prevail. Under such circumstances, he was the fir.st to dis- cover and apply to the manufacture of granite paving-blocks, the shapes and sizes substantially the same as in use at the 38 BARKER. BARKER. present day, required by the progressive ideas of street construction. He was thus instrumental in retaining for the Massa- chusetts quarries an industry that at one time seemed hkely to be diverted to other sections and other materials.- In 1834, having taken the contract to cut the eight columns for the Court House located in Court Square, Boston, he may be said to have entered into permanent business at this time. In 1836 he formed a partnership with Abel Wright, to which were afterwards admitted his two brothers, Charles Barker — subsequently in charge of the branch established in Philadelphia — and Cieorge Barker, in charge of the branch at Gloucester (Lanesville), under the firm name of Barker, Wright & Co. Upon the withdrawal of Mr. Wright in 1864, the firm name was changed to H. Barker & Brothers. During the period from 1866 until his decease he was associated with his three sons, under the firm name of Henry Barker & Sons. This firm was ultimately the successor to all the others with which he was connected, excepting that at Philadel- phia. Mr. Barker was married in Boston, May 4, 1837, to Elizabeth, daughter of Amos and Lucy (Brigham) Smith. Of this union were three children : Henry F., who died March 2, 1878, in the thirty-ninth year of his age, while serving a term as senator from the ist Norfolk district ; George A., who represented the towns of Quincy and Weymouth in the Legislature of 1883, and William P. Barker, the last two surviving him. After his marriage, he took up his abode in Quincy, where he continued to reside for the remainder of his life. He was often called to serve his fellow- citizens in positions of responsibility and trust, having been elected six years a member of the school committee, five years a member of the board of managers of Adams Academy, a member of the board of trustees of the public library, from its foundation in 1871 to the date of his decease, and representative in the Legis- lature from the town of Quincy for the years 1865 and 1869. He was deeply in- terested in the reforms that were agitating the years of his early and middle life, taking advanced ground on the side of the anti-slavery and temperance causes, and the leading lecturers on these reforms often shared the hospitality of his roof. In politics, having cast his first vote for the Whig candidates, of the w-isdom of whose protective policy he was fully con- vinced, he afterwards left this party to join in the Free-Soil movement, and was an earnest advocate of its principles. He be- came a Republican on the organization of that party, to which he was always loyal, and upon whose success he firmly believed the welfare of the nation depended. Mr. Barker was held high in the esteem of the citizens of Quincy, respected and beloved by all who knew him, and was a recognized friend of his employees and of the poor and afflicted. He died at Quincy, July II, 1889. BARKER, James Madison, son of John \'. and Sarah (Apthorp) Barker, was born in Pittsfield, Berkshire county, Octo- ber 23, 1839, where he still resides. He received his early training in the public schools of Pittsfield, including the high school ; attended private school in Pittsfield, Hinsdale Acadeni}-, Hinsdale, and Williston Seminary, Easthampton. He entered Williams College in 1856, and was graduated in the class of i860. Choosing the profession of law, he pur- sued his legal studies in the Harvard Law school, 1862 and '63. Admitted to the bar, he became a law partner with Charles N. Emerson, Pittsfield, in 1863. This partnership continued until 1865, when he became associated with Thomas P. Pin- gree, and this relation continued until the appointment of Mr. Barker as associate justice of the superior court of Massachu- setts, which position he still holds. Mr. Barker was married in Bath, Steuben county, N. Y., September 21, 1864, to Helena, daughter of Levi Carter and Pa- melia Nelson (Woods) Whiting. Of this union were seven children : Ohve Pame- lia, Sarah Elizabeth, Helen ^^'hiting (de- ceased), Daisy (deceased), Mary Phillips, John, and Alice Whiting Barker. Mrs. Barker died April 11, 1S89. Judge Barker is trustee of Williams Col- lege and of Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes. He was a member of the House of Representatives 1872 and '73. In 1874 and '75 he was commissioner to inquire into the expediency of revising and amend- ing the laws of the State relating to taxa- tion and exemption therefrom. He was commissioner to consolidate the public statutes in 1881 and '82. In 1 880 he was a delegate to the national Republican convention at Chicago, Illinois, and there won a reputation for staunch and fearless independence, through his de- termined efforts, with others of the Massa- chusetts delegation, to secure a civil ser- vice plank in the party platform, against BARKER. BARRETI'. 39 the wishes of the spoilsmen. It was in this fight that Mr. Flanaghan of Texas asked in all innocence his since famous question, " What are we here for if not for spoils ? " As a judge, at nisi prius, he has made an admirable record, and his rulings have had their full share of success upon appeal. BARKER, William, Jr., son of Wil- liam and Susannah (Potter) Barker, was born in Dartmouth, Bristol county, De- cember 25, 1820. Availing himself of the advantages of the public schools, he finished his scho- lastic training at the Friends' Boarding School, Providence, R. I. From the age of si.xteen he was employed for four years as an apprentice in the tan- ning, currying and shoe business ; then worked at the shoe business till the year 185 1. That year he was chosen clerk, treas- urer and collector of taxes for the town of Dartmouth. He held these offices for six- teen consecutive years. In 1852 he was ap- pointed justice of the peace and deputy sheriff. The latter office he has held twenty-five years. His occupation at pres- ent is varied: he is employed as auctioneer and appraiser ; engaged in settling estates, or as ju.stice of the peace, and is also inter- ested in farming. Mr. Barker is a Republican in politics, and was chosen to serve his representative district in the Legislature of 1868, '70 and '71. He was a member of the state Senate in 1882. His residence is North Dartmouth. Mr. Barker was married in Fairhaven, September 22, 1842, to Mary, daugh- ter of Caleb and Hannah M. N. (Davis) Slade. Of this union is one child, Mary E. Barker, now wife of Captain Alden T. Pot- ter of Dartmouth. BARNARD, LEWIS, son of Captain Lewis and Bathsheba (Lovell) Barnard was born in Worcester, May 15, 1816. After the usual preliminary education, he passed through the high school in Temple- ton, and the Leicester Academy, and when twenty-three years old began business in Springfield, where he remained till 1842. In 1847 he returned to Worcester, where he has since remained, being successively connected with H. H. Chamberlain, Ceorge Sumner, and Otis E. Putnam, in the dry goods business. During his residence in Worcester he has been on the board of aldermen for five years, and was in the House of Represen- tatives from 1870 to 1873, acting upon the railroad committee in 1872. and as chair- man of the insurance committee in 1873. He has been a director in the City Bank since 1855, and was a director in the Bay State Fire Insurance Company during its existence. For five years he was a direc- tor in the Manufacturers' Insurance Com- pany, a trustee of the IVIechanics' Savings Bank for eight years, and a director in the Boston, Barre & Gardner R. R. for six years. During sixty years he has been inti- mately associated with the city of Worces- ter, his only residence away from the city being a short season in Springfield, and two years in Europe, and through the entire period his name has been identified with, and his influence felt in, every progressive movement. LEWIS BARNARD. September 2, 1839, Mr. Barnard married Mary A., daughter nf Roland and Annie (Clark) Parkhurst. Their children are ; John Clark, Mary P'lora and Helen Jose- phine Barnard. BARRETT, LAWRENCE, was born in Boston, .\pril 4, 1S38, of Irish parentage, and his earliest connection with the stage was as call-boy in a Pittsburgh theatre. In 1853 he appeared in the "French Spy " at Detroit, Mich., remaining there one year, playing indifferent parts. The 40 BARRETT. BARRETT. two following years were spent in St. Louis, Chicago, and other western cities. His first api)earance in New York was at the Chambers Street Theatre, December, 1856, as "Sir Thomas Clifford" in "The Hunchback." Mr. Barrett accepted the offer of Mr. Burton, and opened at his new Metropolitan Theatre, supporting Charlotte Cushman, Edwin Booth, and other promi- nent actors. In 1858 he joined the com- LAWRENCE BARRETT. pany of the Boston Museum as leading man, but for the four following years was seen in New York at the ^Vinter Garden, making steady progress and playing many parts. At the outbreak of the civil war Mr. Barrett accepted a captaincy in the 28th Massachusetts infantry, where he served with credit until his resignation, August 8, 1863. After the war he was engaged at the Walnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia, and subsequently at Washington. .During this engagement began an acquaintance which ripened into friendship with the martyred President, Mr. Carfield, who at that time was a young congressman from Ohio, with Mr. Lincoln, and other great statesmen of that stirring era. From Washington he returned to Phila- delphia and subsequently to New York, where he was engaged by Mr. Booth to play " Othello " to his " lago." Mr. Barrett then accepted a partnership in the manage- ment of the Varieties Theatre in New Or- leans, playing leading parts and meeting with great success. In 1864 he purchased " Rosedale " from Lester Wallack, and after acting its leading character for a while at New Orleans, made his first tour as a star actor. In 1867 he visited England, meeting there Charles Dickens, Mr. Fechter, and renewing an old acquaintance with Charles Mathews, and the other principal actors of that day in London. He re-visited England in 1868, '81, and '83, playing in the principal cities, and being most favor- ably received. In 1868 he went to California and took the active management of the California Theatre, which had been built for him, at a salary of eighteen thousand dollars a year. During the twenty months of his management of this noble theatre, which had cost half a million dollars to build, the success was unprecedented. In 1870 he opened at Niblo's Garden, New York, later playing wdth Mr. Booth in opposite charac- ters in Booth's Theatre. He produced " \'orick's Love " at the Park Theatre, New York. His most recent successes have been as " Lanciotto " in " Francesca di Rimini," " Rienzi," " Pendragon," " The Blot on the Scutcheon," and " Ganelon." Mr. Barrett has been essentially a scholar, a man of wide cultivation, an indefatigable student of his art, and resistless in his am- bition. His wonderful industry has gone hand in hand with a large and liberal cul- tivation of his dramatic instinct, and to-day Mr. Barrett stands an honorable and con- spicuous figure among the leaders of his profession. Mr. Barrett was married September 4, 1859, in Boston, to Mary F., daughter of Philip J. and Mary F. Mayer. They have three daughters : Mary Agnes, now the Baroness von Roder, Anna Gertrude, who married Charles J. Anderson, brother of the celebrated actress, Mary Anderson, and Edith M. Barrett. BARRETT, ROSWELL, son of Oliver and Lucy (Fairbanks) Barrett, was born in Bolton, Worcester count v, December 16, 1819. He attended only the district schools until he was twenty years of age. He then availed himself of the advantages of a private academy for five months. He began his life work as teacher in the common schools, continued in the profes- BARRETT. BARROWS. 41 sion for twenty-five years, and is at present engaged in surveying, conveyancing and farming. Mr. Barrett was married in IJaltimure, Md., May 2, 1S54, to Sarah J., daugliter of Asa and Sally (Bennett) Barrett. They have one child : Ella V. Barrett. Mr. Barrett has been superintendent in Sabbath-schools twenty-five years ; dea- con in First Congregational church (Uni- tarian) twenty-seven years ; member of school board twenty five years ; justice of the peace twenty-eight years ; parish treas- urer twenty-two years ; town treasurer eight years, and selectman and assessor four years. His residence is Bolton, on the old Bar- rett homestead on " Long Hill," owned and occupied by the Barrett family for the last one hundred and fifty-two years. He is a lineal descendant in the fourth gener- ation from the Concord Barretts, and in the seventh from the Barretts who came here from England. BARRETT, WILLIAM E., son of Augus- tus antl Sarah (Emerson) Barrett, was born in Melrose, Middlesex county, December 29, 185S. After passing through the public schools of his native town, and Claremont, N. H., and the high school of Claremont, he fitted for and entered Dartmouth Col- lege, graduating in 1880. Immediately upon graduation he turned his attention to journalism, and at once accepted his first position, upon the " St. Albans Daily Messenger," St. Albans, Vermont. For two years he retained his connec- tion with this paper, and in 1882 associated himself with the "Boston Advertiser." For four years he was the Washington cor- respondent of the "Advertiser," making for himself such a favorable reputation, that in 1886, when the paper was without a head, he at once was appointed as its editor and publisher. At present he holds the positions of president of the Advertiser Newspaper Company, and publisher of the " Advertiser " and " Evening Record." In 1888 Mr. Barrett was chosen repre- sentative to the General Court from the nth Middlesex district, being re-elected in 1889, when he was made speaker of the House, by a vote of 213 to i scattering. He is a member of various business cor- porations, and a member of the Masonic bodies of Melrose. He was clerk of the committee to investigate the Southern outrages, while in Washington, where his journalistic training made him of especial value ; and much of the success which attended that work was due tu the untir- ing energy which he e.\erted, and to the tact which he exhibited in sifting the facts presented, and arriving at the truth. On the 2Sth of December, 1887, at Clare- mont, N. H., Mr. Barrett was married to .■\nnie L., daughter of Herbert and .-Mice (Sulloway) Bailey. .\ son was born March 10, 1889, William E. Barrett, Jr. BARROWS, William, was born in New Braintree, Worcester county, Septem- ber 19, 1815. He is a descendant in the seventh generation from Pilgrim stock. The original ancestor of the Barrows fam- ily in this country, John Barrowe, came from Yarmouth, England, to Salem, in 1637. His son, Robert Barrowe, built at Plymouth, in 1679, and the house is yet standing. Then followed George Barrow, then Samuel Barrow, Noah Barrows, Wil- liam and William, Jr., the subject of this sketch. A farmer's son, the eighth of ten children, he received the ordinary common school education, interwoven with farm work and rural sports. He fitted for col- lege at Phillips Academy, Andover, and was graduated at Amherst College in 1840. Immediately he became a family tutor on a plantation in Virginia, and, in 1841, opened an English and classical school in St. Louis, Mo. In 1843 he commenced theological studies in the Union Seminary, New York. In 1845 he was ordained to the ministry (Congregational), and installed in Norton. In 1850 he was installed over the church in Grantville, now Wellesley Hills. Thence he removed, in 1856, to become pastor of the Old South church, Reading. In 1869 he was made secretary of the Congregational S. S. Publishing Society, and filled this office until 1873, when he was elected to the secretaryship of the Home Missionary Society. Since he closed that work, in 1880, he has devoted himself mainly to the educa- tional and religious wants of our frontier, having made in all eleven extensive tours over the border. He is now in his third year as financial agent for Whitman Col- lege, in the State of Washington. Dr. Barrows has lectured extensively on pre- historic history of America, and on the colonial and pioneer history of the U^nited States, and has written much on these sub- jects for various periodicals. His pen has been somewhat active on books in his leis- ure hours. In 1869 he published "Twelve Nights in the Hunters' Camp ;" in 1875, "The Church and her (Tiildren ;" in 1882, " Purgatory Doctrinally, Practically and Historically Opened ;" in 1883, "Oregon ; the Struggle for Possession;" in 1887, 42 BARRUS. BARTLETT. " The Indian's Side of the Indian Ques- tion," and " The United States of Yester- day and of To-morrow." He was one of the live founders, and for seven years one of the editors, of the " Congregational Review." He came from following the plough to his course of study, and by his own labor paid all his educational expenses. He has been singularly vigorous, not having lost six Sabbaths from the pulpit from illness dur- mg his entire professional life, nor has he been without full stipulated employment, as pastor or secretary or agent, for one hour from the beginning of his public life. His rare good health he attributes to farm and garden work and frecjuent field sports. He has camped all the way from New Brunswick to the head-waters of the Col- umbia — his last vacation being eight hun- dred miles in the saddle in the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Barrows agrees devoutly with old Hugh Latimer in his sermon before the Sixth Edward on field sports : " It is a worthy game, a wholesome kind of exercise and much commended in Phisicke." Dr. Barrows has been twice married. His first wife was Lucia A. Case, of Bland- ford, to whom he was married in June, 1845. His second marriage was with Elizabeth Adams Cate, of Cambridge. Of the latter union were three sons and one daughter. BARRUS, ALVAN, son of Levi and Almeda (Stearns) Barrus, was born in Go- shen, Hampshire county, October 14, 1831. He gleaned his early education from the public schools of his native town ; worked on the home farm till twenty-one, peddled milk in Holyoke one year, after which sev- eral years were spent in the manufacture of bench and moulding planes, at Goshen, in connection with his brother, Hiram Barrus. In 1859 he sold out the business and made a connection with A. W. Crafts, opening a country store at Goshen. In August, 1862, he entered the army, served his enlistment, and was discharged in November, 1864, returning to the old homestead, where he has since turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. Mr. Barrus was married in Reading, June 29, 1869, to Emeline P., daughter of John and Sarah (Parker) Wakefield. Of this union are two children : Lena W. and George Levi Barrus. Mr. Barrus has been frequently called to serve his town in the various offices ; he was sent to the state Legislature in 1879 — House of Representatives — and was a member of the state Senate in 1883 and '84. He is justice of the peace ; was three years member of the state board of agriculture, from which he was elected a member of the board of control of the Massachusetts Experiment Station, Am- herst, serving as secretary of the board. He succeeded in incorporating the Hillside Agricultural Society at Cummington, in 18S3, since which time he has been its president. He has held no military office except to act for a short time as hospital steward at Marine Hospital, Baltimore, where soldiers were brought with small- pox. He has long served on the parish committee of the Congregational society of Goshen, and as selectman of the town fifteen years. Mr. Barrus is at present engaged in de- veloping a spodrumene mine, located on his farm, from which the rare earth lithia is manufactured. The reduction is done entirely in Europe. This industry is a novelty in Massachusetts. BARTLETT, Nathaniel Cilley, son of Thomas B. and Victoria E. W. (Cilley) Bartlett, was born in Nottingham, Rock- NATHANIEL C BARTLETT, ingham county, N. H., June 22, 1858. He is grandson of Judge Bradbury Bartlett of Nottingham, N. H., a distinguished member of the bar in that state. BARTLETT. BARTLETT. 43 He attended two years in the primary schools, six years in the Winter Street grammar school, and four years in the high school, Haverhill, and four years at Har- vard College. He was graduated from Harvard in 1880, with the degree of A. B., with honorable mention. He founded the " Derry News," a weekly newspaper, at Derry, N. H., De- cember, 1880, and conducted it one year as eilitor, publisher and pro|3rietor. This paper still continues publication and has been a success from the first. In September, 1S82, Mr. Bartlett was admitted as an attorney-at-law to practice in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and at once opened a law office in Haver- hill, where he is now engaged in his pro- fession. Mr. Bartlett is unmarried. He was superintendent of schools of Nottingham, N. H., 1881 and '82. He is a member of the Republican city committee of Haver- hill, upon which committee he has served for three consecutive years. In April, 1888, he was appointed by Governor Ames a master in chancer)' for the county of Essex. He is at present chancellor commander of Palestine Lodge No. 26, K. of P., and junior sagamore of Passaquoi Tribe No. 27, Improved Order of Red Men. Mr. Bartlett is a grandson of the late Col. Joseph Cilley, of Nottingham, N. H., who was a United States senator, one of the original abolitionists, and a battle- scarred veteran of Lundy's Lane, and whose brother, Hon. John Cilley, was con- gressman from Maine in 1838, and a man widely known throughout the country. BARTLETT, SIDNEY, son of Zaccheus and Hannah (Jack.son) Bartlett, was born in Plymouth, Plymouth county, February 13, 1799. He was a lineal descendant of Robert Bartlett, who came to Plymouth only three years after the first settlers set foot on Plymouth Rock. He received his early education in the schools of his native town, and at the age of nineteen years was graduated from Har- vard College in the class of 1818. .\fter graduation Mr. Bartlett studied law with Hon. Lemuel Shaw, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1821. He was at once taken into partnership with his instructor, and the two were associated together until Mr. Shaw was raised to the position of Chief Justice of the supreme judicial court. Mr. Bartlett early became one of the leaders of the Suffolk bar, anil for manv years was recognized by the su[)reme court of the United States as one of the ablest, if not the ablest, of the distinguished lawyers of the country who appeared be- fore that tribunal. He was thoroughly read in the literature of his profession, and as a legal reasoner, grasping legal prin- ciples and applying them to the facts of the case in hand, he was without a superior in this country. Mr. Bartlett was a member of the Legis- lature in 1 85 I, and a member of the Con- stitutional Convention of 1853. In 1855 Harvard conferred upon him the degree of LL. 1). The extraordinary length of Mr. Bart- lett's career is forcibly brought home to the minds of the legal fraternity, by the fact that while he was at the bar, the mem- bership both of the supreme court of the United States and of the supreme court of Massachusetts was twice renewed. Mr. Bartlett was married in Boston, October 8, 1828, to Caroline, daughter of John and Mary (Tewksbury) Pratt. Of this union were four children : Sidney, Jr., (deceased), Francis, Louisa C. and Anna (;. Bartlett (deceased). On the 6th of March, 1889, this wonder- ful life came to a close. He died as he had lived, at the head of his profession. 44 BARTOL. BASSETT. respected and revered by his legal asso- ciates and the people of the Common- wealth. BARTOL, Cyrus Augustus, son of George and Ann ((iiven) Bartol, was born in Freeport, Cumberland county, Maine, April 30, 1S13. After obtaining the early mental train- ing furnished by the common schools, he prepared for college in the Portland high school. He entered Bowdoin College, and was graduated therefrom in the cla.ss of 1832. He subsequently studied theology in Cambridge, and was graduated from the divinity school in 1835. In 1837 he was settled associate pastor with Rev. Charles Lowell, D. D., of the West Church (Lidejiendent) in the city of Boston, of which he became the pastor in 1861. He has endeared himself to a large constituency by his faithful labors and philanthropic work. Dr. Bartol has published " Discourses on the Christian Spirit and Life " (Boston, 1850, 2d edition revised, 1854); "Dis- courses on Christian Body and Form " (1854); "Picture of Europe Framed in Ideas" (1855); "History of the West Church and its Ministers " (1858); " Church and Congregation" (1858); "Word of the Spirit to the Church" (1859); "Radical Problems" (1872); "The Rising Faith" (1874); " Principles and Portraits" (1880). He has also published many occasional essays and some poetry. Dr. Bartol's writings aref ull of rich and quaint imagery, and are deeply religious, but more ethical and social in character than controversial. Dr. Bartol was married in Boston, Feb- ruary 7, 1S38, to Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. John Clarke and Hepzibah (Swan) Howard. They have one child, Elizabeth Howard Bartol. BARTON, Leonard, eldest son of Benjamin and Sarah (Parsons) Barton, was born in Bernardston, Franklin county, December 21, 1814. He is lineally descend- ed from Samuel Barton, who removed from Framingham to O.xford early in the eigh- teenth century. When he was about ten j-ears of age, his father removed iiis family to a farm in the adjoining town of Clill, on the localit}- where Captain Turner made his famous attack upon the Indians. His education, beyond the common school, was obtained in the old academies at Monson, Deerfield, Shelburne Falls and Brattleborough. During some fourteen years of his early life he spent a part of the time in school teaching in this State, Connecticut, and for about a year in Michigan. For about eighteen years he was one of the selectmen and assessors of the town, and for most of that time chairman of the board. He has been one of the superintending school com- mittee of the town for upwards of twenty- five years, and for several consecutive years held the office of town clerk and treasurer. In 1870 he was chosen to represent his district in the House of Representatives, and served in the Legislature of 1S71, and again in 1881. His main business is, and always has been, that of a farmer, besides holding offices in several banks of the neighboring towns. He has never married. BASSETT, Samuel, son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Scott) Bassett, was born in Boston, in November, 1804. He was educated in the Boston public schools ; learned the trade of sail-maker, which vocation he afterwards followed on his own account, and as one of the firm of Bassett & Thayer. Mr. Bassett was married in Westbor- ough, in 1830, to Julia Ann. daughter of Elijah and Hannah Burnap. Of this union were five children : Celadon, Julia A., Clarissa, William S. and Samuel B. Bassett. Mr. Bassett removed to Chelsea in 1838, where he has ever since resided. He was elected town clerk in 1849, and was annu- ally re-elected till 1857, when the city was organized, and he was elected city clerk, continuing to hold this office till 1884, when he declined re-election. He was also chosen city treasurer and collector, serving until 1875, when he declined fur- ther service in that capacity. Seldom has a public officer held such positions for so many years-, or been so much beloved. His face had so long been a familiar one at the Citv Hall that it seemed an indis- pensalile feature, and the people and the city government would gladly have con- tinued him in some office connected with city business, had he not modestly but resolutely insisted that younger men should now assume the burdens he had so consci- entiously and faithfully borne. His elec- tion to the various offices had always been without opposition, and he was often sig- nificantly designated as the " unanimous S. B." He was a father to the orphan and a counselor and friend to the widow. Every mayor and member of the city gov- ernment during his long term of office- holding had reason to be grateful to him BASSEIT. BATCHELDEK. 45 for information furnished and for kindly and thouglitful suggestions. During the civil war he was an active friend of the soldier and his family. In every position he was a trusted public SAMUEL BASSETT. servant. During ten vears he was one of the assessors, and thus became familiar with the value of property, as well as boundaries and titles. He was the first treasurer of the Chelsea Savings Bank, elected in 1854, serving until his declination in July, 1874, and for many years was one of the trustees. He was an active member and e.xecutive officer of the "Ornamental Tree Society," which has added so much to the beauty of Chel- sea's streets. This tribute is inserted here, without the knowledge of Mr. Bassett, as his fellow- citizens feel that it is his due that he should appear in, as he has most emphati- cally been, "One ok a Thousand." BASSETT, William Garry, the son of Manning B. and Julia A. (Tyler) Bas- sett, was born at North Haven, New Haven county. Conn., January 31, 1843. He received his early education in the district schools of his native town, then at Hudson River Institute, Claverack, New York. He was prepared for college at Hopkins grammar school, New Haven, Conn. Entering Yale College in 1861, he remained until 1863. His first connection in business was as a lawyer in Easthampton, Mass., in 1867, which profession he followed in that town until 1883, when he removed his office to Northampton. In 1S78 he was appointed judge of the probate court for Hampshire county, the duties of which office, with his practice of law in Northampton, fully occupy his time. In 1874 he was elected as representative to the Legislature. He was master of the Ionic Masonic Lodge at Easthampton. His present resi- dence is Northampton. Judge Bassett was married at Easthamp- ton in July, 1881, to Mary B., the daugh- ter of Rev. Aaron M. and Zeruiah E. (Gould) Colton of Easthampton. They have no children. BATCHELDER, CARLOS, son of Kim- ball and Armenia (Stearns) Batchelder, was born in Conway, Franklin county, January 16, 1829. His early education was confined to the district school and academy. At the age of twentv-five he engaged in farming and dealt quite extensively in live stock. He is now president and director of the Conway National Bank, county commissioner, insurance agent, and pur- chaser of railroad supplies. Mr. Batchelder was married in Buckland, May 28, 185 1, to Minerva A , daughter of William and Eunice (Sherman) Forbes. Of this union were four children : \Villiam K., Frederick C, Minnie E., and Carrie Batchelder (the last two deceased). Mr. Batchelder has filled the various municipal offices in the gift of his fellow- townsmen, has been assessor and select- man ten years, and county commissioner fifteen years. He represented his district in the House of Representatives 1870. He is a notary public, trustee of Conway Savings Bank, and also of the Conway public library. His church connections are with the Congregational society, of which church he is treasurer and member of prudential committee. BATCHELDER, JOHN HENRY, son of Henry and Abigail (Mann) Batchelder, was born in Beverly, Esse.x county, January 16, 1817. He received his early educational train- ing in the public and private schools of his native town, and at the Theological Insti- tute, New Hampton, N. H. He entered busi- 46 BATCHELLER. BATES. ness life as a clerk with J. G. .S: W. Kit- tredge, coal and iron merchants, Lowell. Afterwards he was messenger in the Merchants Bank, Boston, and later on was engaged in trading with the Indians in the northwest territory. He finally studied for and adopted the profession of dentistry, and has been in successful practice for many years. Dr. Batchelder was married in Wisconsin Territory, October 22, 1839, to Jane Reed, daughter of Klisha and Mary Butler (Bass) Smith, of Boston. Of this union were six children : Henry E., Frank L., Florence P., Elizabeth W., (now wife of Charles S. Osgood,) Nelly A., (now wife of John T. Hassam,) and Jennie P. Batchelder. Mrs. Osgood and Mrs. Hassam are the only sur- viving children. Dr. Batchelder has been president of the American Academy of Dental Science, president of the Massachusetts Dental So- ciety, and fellow of the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science. He was a member of the board of alder- men for the city of Salem four years, three years president of the board, and a portion of the time acting mayor. He was also member of the common council five years, chairman of the board of health three years, and member of the school board of Salem. He was member of the House of Rep- resentatives i866-'67. The family of Mrs. Batchelder were of the Hanover branch of the Smith family. Of this branch were Admiral Joseph Smith, U. S. N., Albert Smith, M. C, and Lieuten- ant William B. Gushing, U. S. N. BATCHELLER, BROOKS TRULL, son of Joseph and Hannah (Trull) Batcheller, was born in Billerica, Middlesex county, January 7, 1813. Joseph Batcheller, his father, was captain in the war of 1812, re- ceiving his commission from Governor Brooks, in whose memory the name of "Brooks" was given the subject of this sketch. His early education was obtained in the public schools. His first connection in business was as proprietor of a stage line from Boston to Lowell. Later he became interested in stabling and livery business, in Boston, under the firm name of Wildes & Batchel- ler. Mr. Batcheller was married in Boston, August 13, 1838, to Rachel, daughter of John and Rachel (House) Dodge, (Edge- comb, Maine). Of this union were four children : Rachel A., who died in infancy, Abby A., who died in Providence, R. L, in 1880, Warren M., and Lizzie M. Batcheller. Mr. Batcheller is trustee of Lexington Ministerial Fund, and vice-president and director of Lexington Savings Bank. In 1866 he was one of the Boston assessors, he residing at the time in that city. He was a member of the state Senate from the 6th Middlesex district, in 1874. He has retired from active business and resides in Lexington. BATES, ARLO, son of Niran and Susan (Thaxter) Bates, was born in East Machias, Washington county, Maine, December 16, 1850. His early education was secured in the schools of his native place, where he fitted for college. He was graduated from Bowdoin in the class of 1876. During his college course he was a portion of the time engaged in teaching. In his senior year Mr. Bates edited the " Bowdoin Orient," and coming to Boston in the fall of his graduating year, entered upon his career as a man of letters, caring more for the work itself than for the rewards or honor it might bring. He has been suc- cessful, but his success has only shown what talent, industry and patience will accomplish. Mr. Bates's ideals are high, and it cannot be said that he has ever aimed at mere popularity. He is a con- scientious and independent writer, and by discipline has laid the foundation for a future of high rank as a writer of fiction. After settling in Boston, for two years, 1878 and '79, he edited the " Broadside," an independent political sheet, writing also occasionally for the magazines. In 1880 he took the editorial chair of the " Sunday Courier," which he still holds. Besides his regular journalistic work, he has contributed to the " Boston Adver- tiser," " Providence Journal " (as regular correspondent), and " Literary World," writing for the latter at one time a column called " A Bookworm's Waymarks ;" also to the "Century," " Lippincott's," " Scrib- ner's," "Wide Awake," "Outing," "St. Nicholas," and others. Mr. Bates's first book was " Patty's Per- versities " (1881) in an anonymous " Round Robin Series," his other volumes thus far being "Mr. Jacobs" (1883), a parody which ran through eight editions, " The Pagans" (1884), " a" Wheel of Fire" (1885), "Berries of the Brier" (ij86), a book of poems, " Sonnets in Shadow " (1887), "A Lad's Love," same year, "Prince Vance" (with Eleanor Putnam), and "The Philistines," both in 1888. BATES. BATES. 47 In addition to these works Mr. Bates has printed in the " Courier " two serial stories, " Mona and Hiio " and "The Ties of Blood." In 1886 he edited "Old Salem," a book left unfinished by his wife at her death. In many ways ^Ir. Bates'scareer is representative and in all ways interesting and encouraging to younger authors. Mr. Bates was married in Brunswick, Me., September 5, 1882, to Harriet L., daughter of George L. and Abba (Thomp- son) Vose. Her pen name (Eleanor Put- nam) is familiar to litterateurs. Her "Woodland Wooing," published since her tleath, is a book of great charm and beauty. Mrs. Bates died March 13, 1886, leaving one son, Oric. BATES, Theodore Cornelius, son of Elijah and Sarah (Fletcher) Bates, was born in North Brookfield, Worcester coun- ty, June 4, 1843. His early education was received in the common and high schools of his native town, and at Pinkerton Academy, Derry, N. H. In the latter school he fitted for college, but did not take up his college connection, going into business instead. He was in business in Boston until 1876, since which time he has been engaged in Worcester in the manufacture of corsets (The Worcester Corset Company), retain- ing his residence, however, in North Brook- field, the town of his birth. Mr. Bates was married in North Brook- field, December 24, 1868, to Emma Fran- ces Duncan of that town, daughter of Charles and Tryphosa (Lakin) Duncan. Of this union is one child, Tryphosa Dun- can Bates, born in North Brookfield, April 14, 1876. Mr. Bates has been quite a prominent factor in the recent history of the Repub- lican party in this State, being continually called upon to serve his town, county, anil state in some official and political capac- ity. He was a member of the House of Representatives from North Brookfield in 1879, servmg on the celebrated retrench- ment committee He was also chairman of the committee on claims, on the part of the House. He was member of the Senate in 1883, serving as chairman on railroad, prison, and state-house commit- tees. He declined a unanimous renomi- nation both to the House and Senate on account of his numerous business engage- ments. He is now, and has been for sev- eral years, chairman of the executive committee of the Re|5ublican state central committee, declining the chairmanship of the committee, as he could not devote the necessary time to it. He has been chair- man of the e.xecutive committee of the M'orcester county Republican committee for many years, and has been an energetic leader and a strong support in the building up and maintaining the powerful influence so long exerted by that county in all mat- ters relating to the affairs of the Common- wealth. While a member of the House in 1879 he was never absent from his seat when a vote was taken. The same applies to his service in the Senate in 1883 — he never missed a vote during the entire seven months of that memorable " Butler " year, when the Legislature did not adjourn until the last week in July. He was elected as a delegate to the national Republican convention, held in Chicago, in 1884, for the 9th or the Worcester congressional district. He was elected by the Legislature a state director of the Boston & Albany Railroad Company in 1880, and served in that capacity until the Commonwealth sold its stock in that corporation. He was THEODORE C. BATES. appointed by Governor Oliver Ames a member of the state board of health, and is now a member of that board. He was appointed by President Ha)"es commissioner for the State of Massachu- 48 BAXTER. BEALS. setts for the proposed World's Fair in 1883, of which General U. S. Grant was elected president ; and Mr. Bates was elected as a member of the e.xecutive committee from New England. He has been for many years prominently identified with the great manufacturing interests of Massachusetts and New Eng- land, being a director in several large cor- porations, and for several years he has been president of the Corset Manufactur- ers' Association of the United States. He has ever been one of the foremost in any matters relating to the public wel- fare of his native town He was especi- ally interested and largely influential in the founding of the free public library and reading room. He is chairman of the board of trustees of this institution, and for its maintenance, in addition to numerous other contributions, he donated to the town his salary while in both branches of the Legislature. He took a very active part in the early promotion of the North Brookfield Railroad, as clerk and director, which positions he now holds ; and probably the railroad would never have been constructed but for his untiring energy and personal work. He was chair- man of the committee elected by the town to publish the town history of North Brookfield. This work, which is acknowl- edged by the highest authorities to be one of the best of its kind ever published, was completed and published in 1887, and reflects great credit upon all engaged in its compilation and production. It is a most thorough and critically accurate \vork ; it was several times rewritten and a large part of it revised and reprinted at great expense, and occupied ten years in its preparation and completion, and it is regarded as a model town history of New England. True to his friends, loyal to his party, ardently devoted to his native town, he has been a conspicuous and faithful mem- ber of that great body of intelligent citi- zens who control the destinies of the State. BAXTER, George Lewis, son of William \V. and Ann E. (Weld) Baxter, was born in Quincy, Norfolk county, October 21, 1842. In the public schools of his native town he fitted for Harvard College, where he graduated in 1863, and immediately began to teach in a private school in Boston. From April to December, 1864, he was principal of the Reading high school, and then accepted the position of principal of the high school at Plymouth, which he held till July, 1867, when he became prin- cipal of the high school of Somerville, a position which he still occupies. On the 1 8th of July, 1872, Mr. Baxter was married, in Somerville, to Ida F., daughter of William and Sarah E. L. (Berry) Paul. They have one child, Clrey- ory Paul Baxter. .Mr. Baxter has been associate corporator and trustee of the Somerville Savings Bank since its incorporation. He is secre- tary of the John Abbot Lodge A. F. & A. M., and of the Somerville Chapter of R. A. Masons. BEALS, ELIAS S., was born in Wey- mouth, Norfolk county, October 20, 1814. He is the son of Lewis and Sarah S. ELlAb S BEALb (Harding) Beals, and is descended in direct line from John Beal, who came from England in the " Diligent," arriving in Bos- ton, .\ugust 10, 1638. Mr. Beals had no early educational ad- vantages other than what the common schools of those days offered. When a boy he worked at masonry with his father, for three years. .\t eighteen years of age he learned shoe-making, and for a few years worked at cutting and making shoes for neighboring manufacturers. His first speculative venture was a trading voyage South, with a cargo of boots and shoes consigned to him, or sold him on BEALS. BEALS. 49 credit, for the southern market. His ven- ture was successful, and the fact of his being a young, inexperienced man, with- out capital, shows the confidence reposed in his mtegrity. Upon his return to Weymouth he began in a small way the manufacture of boots and shoes, and soon connected with this industry a small store of general merchan- dise. Later on he built a factory at Tou- cey's Corners, and continued as manufac- turer and merchant till 1849, when he connected himself with others in a jobbing boot and shoe trade in New Orleans. Some two years later he returned to Wey- mouth, built a large factory, and carried on an e.xtensive business, catering princi- pally to the southern trade. When the war of the rebellion destroyed his trade, he gave up manufacturing. In 1850 Mr. Beals met with misfortune in his business affairs. He at the time obtained a full and free discharge from all liabilities, but he never considered an equitable adjust- ment finally made until in 18S5, when, again becoming prosperou.s, he of his own free will repaid, with interest, the amount left in his hands as working capital by those to whom he was some thirty-five years ago indebted. It is a striking evi- dence of the changes which occur in busi- ness affairs, that among the forty firms to whom he desired to send his check, only one man was found living and doing busi- ness who was in active business at the time of his embarrassment in 1850. Mr. Beals served as selectman in Wey- mouth 1855 and '56 ; has been a director at different times in two national banks, and has been for several years president of the North Weymouth Improvement Asso- ciation. In 1859 he was a member of the State Legislature, and assisted in the re- vision of the laws of the Commonwealth which were published as " The General Statutes of the Commonwealth of IMassa- chusetts." In 1862 he was appointed internal revenue assessor for the second district of Massachusetts, and was after- wards appointed to travel as special agent for the treasury department to instruct internal revenue officers in the discharge of their duties ; serving in these two offices over five years. In 1888 he presented North Weymouth with a beautiful public park. In 1878 he made a tour through Europe, and while on the trip contributed a series of letters to the "Weymouth Gazette." He is now senior member of the boot and shoe house of Beals, Torrey & Co. of Milwaukee and Boston, and is a director in the National Mortgage and Debenture Co. of Boston ; and he also acts under his si.xth commission as justice of the peace, having been first appointed in 1850. Mr. Beals was married July 27, 1837, to Betsey, daughter of Ancil and Eliza Bur- rell of Weymouth. Of this union were five children : Augustus, Elizabeth, Frank, James and Mary S. The first four are now living. BEALS, John Murray, was born in Stoughton, Norfolk county, March 24, 1847. His family removed to Braintree JOHN M. BEALS. when he was one year old. He was edu- cated in the public schools of Braintree. At the time of the outbreak of the war of the rebellion, although he was too young to enlist, yet, filled with the spirit of pat- riotism, he accompanied company C, 4th regiment, as drummer boy, from Braintree to Boston. At the age of sixteen he entered the wholesale boot and shoe store of Holbrook, Hobart iV: Porter, in Boston, and afterwards was with Nelson Emmons & Co., with whom he remained until the great fire in that city. Soon after he formed a co-partner- ship with J. Anson Guild, of Brooklyn, and since that time has been engaged in the leather business, with offices in Boston. 50 BEARD. BELCHER. He was married to Eliza A. Follansbee, in Boston, January i, 1873, who died August 16, 1888, and had one child, Her- bert N. Seals, who died in its sixth year. Mr. Beals has sought no public nor polit- ical office, but has been one of the auditors of the town for twelve years, which office he now holds, and is also one of the trus- tees (elected by the town) of the public library. He takes great interest in public affairs, and is strongly identified with everything that pertains to the welfare and prosperity of Braintree, and is considered as one of the leading young men of that vicinity. BEARD, Alanson Wilder, son of James and Chloe Bartlett (Wilder) Beard, was born in Ludlow, Windsor county, Vt., August 20, 1825. His parents removed to Stockbridge, in 1835, where he was bred to a farmer's life. His educational train- ing was obtained in the public schools and at home. From seventeen to twenty-one years of age he taught public and private schools. He began business life as proprietor of a country store at Pittsfield, Vt., in the spring of 1847 ; sold out his interest in April, 1853 ; removed to Boston and en- tered into the wholesale clothing business in September of the latter year, as sales- man for Whiting, Kehoe & Galloupe. Leaving them, he commenced a business on his own account in the spring of 1856, and continued in wholesale clothing till 1879. He is now interested in the clothing business, with stores in Lowell, Lawrence and other places. Mr. Beard was married in Wayland, November 27, 1S48, to Mary Calista, daughter of Harvey and Sophia (Roberts) Morgan. Of this union were three children : James Wallace (deceased), Amherst Wilder (deceased), and Charles Freeland Beard. Mr. Beard has been a greater portion of the time since 1847 in public life. He held various town offices in Pittsfield, Vt., from 1847 to 1853 ; was postmaster from 1S4S to 1854 ; member of Republican state central committee of Massachusetts, 1864, '65, '66, '83 and '84; chairman, 1875 and '76, and again in 1885 ; member of House of Representatives from Brookline in 1870 and '71, and from Boston in 1884 and '85 ; chairman of committee on mercantile affairs, 1870; of prisons, 187 1 ; ta.xation, 1884, and of finance, 1885. He was a member of the finance committee all the years while a member of the House. Mr. Beard is identified with the law passed in 1881 exempting real estate mort- gage notes from taxation, having com- menced the agitation in the Legislature of 187 1, and followed it up with successive Legislatures. He was delegate to the national Repub- lican convention in Chicago, in 1868, also in 1 888 ; member of the committee on plat- form, and one of the sub-committee to draft the same, in 1888. He was collector of the port of Boston four )-ears, having been appointed in 1878. He was state treasurer of the Commonwealth, 1886, '87 and '88, when he declined the re-nomina- tion to the office. Mr. Beard has been a staunch Republican since the formation of the party. As a party leader, he is wise in counsel, original in conception, shrewd in management, and fearless in execution of those plans which he believes will result in prosperity to the city, the state and the nation. BELCHER, Orlando F., son of Wil- liam B. and Esther G. (Fuller) Belcher, was born in North Chelsea, Suffolk county, October 15, 1844. His education during his early years was limited to the common schools of his native place. He began business life as a manufacturer of boot-heels. His genius took a mechani- cal turn, and he soon became the patentee and manufacturer of the Belcher automatic BELLAMY. BENNETT. cartridge loader, which in 1886 was -sold to the United States Cartridge Corn- pan 3-. For tlie past twenty years Mr. Belcher has been active in the development of vari- ous real estate interests on the northerl}- shore of Boston Harbor. Eighteen years ago he purchased the tract of land in W'm- throp now known as Cottage Park, and began to improve the same in 1881. Later he bought the famous General William F. Bartlett estate, near by, and the Beacon Villa property. These three properties are said to be the finest in Winthrop, specially adapted for sites intended for sea-shore resorts. These unique watering-places are only twenty-five minutes' ride from the heart of the city, and bid fair to become attractive and permanent residences of great value, it being the intention of Mr. Belcher to solicit and welcome the patronage only of those who would make the resort, in every respect, unexceptionable. Mr. Belcher was married in \Vinthrop, October 16, 1883, to Lizzie D., daughter of Nathaniel and Lois L. (Whittier) Lunt. BELLAMY, Edward, was born in Chi- copee Falls, Hampden countv, March 26, 1850. His early education was received in the common and high schools of his native place, but his education proper, that which prepared him for his life work, was obtained by unlimited miscellaneous reading. His only attendance at any academic or colle- giate institution was one term at LTnion Col- lege, 1867-8. Leaving this institution, he spent a year in Europe. On his return he studied law m the office of Leonard & Wells, Springfield, and was admitted to the Hampen county bar in 187 1. But while he saw fit to enrich his educa- tional store with one of the learned profes- sions, his tastes were foreign to the practice of law. His was pre-eminently the author's vocation. In i87i-'72 Mr. Bellamy was outside editorial contributor to the " New- York Evening Post ; " editorial writer on the staff of the " Springfield Daily L'nioii," i872-'77, and with an associate he founded the "Springfield Daily News" in 1880. The genius of Mr. Bellamy is best shown, however, in his works of fiction, to which he is now devoting his time. As a writer of novels, and a general magazine contribu- tor, he has suddenly come to the front, and earned an enviable position in public ap- preciation. His principal works are : " .Y Nantucket Idyl " (G. P. Putnam's Sons), "Dr. Heidenhoff's Process" (D. .Apple- ton & C-"o.), " .Miss Ludington's Sister," and " Looking Backward " (Ticknor & Co.). .Mr. Bellamy was married at Chicopee Falls, May 30, 1881, to Emma A. Sander- son, and has two children. BENNETT, James W., son of Nathaniel G. and Sallie L. Bennett, was born at Newmarket, Rockingham county, N. H., March 21, 1833. He obtained a country school education in the towns of Stratton and Epping, N. H. Afterwards he attended Franklin grammar school, Lowell. -Yfter working a short time for other firms, he, in .\ugust, 1848, went into the JAMES W. BENNETT. enijiloy of .\braham Matthews, a carpenter in the city of Lowell. He ne.xt went into business as partner with Mr. Matthews, .\pril 4, 1858, staying with him till .August 12, 1858; then went into business alone, at his present location, as contractor and builder, and continued there until May, 1 88 1, when the firm of J. W. Bennett & Co. was formed, by the addition of George A. Bennett, his brother, and Fred W. Bennett, his son. The present business of the firm is contracting and building, and agents for the materials of the New England Felt Roofing Company, for Lowell and vicinity. Mr. Bennett's first marriage was in March, 1857. His second marriage, March, 1S74, 5^ BENNETT. BENT. was with Josephine A., daughter of John S. and Sylvia E. Bassett. Their children are Fred W. and Ethel F. Bennett. BENNETT, JOSEPH, son of William and Charlotte Bennett, was born at Bridgton, Cumberland county, Maine, May 26, 1840. He received his early education at the district school in Sweden, Maine, and pre- pared for college at the Bridgton Academy JOSEPH BENNt I and the Boston Latin school. He entered Bowdoin College with the class of 1864, withdrawing in Junior year, and subse- quently receiving from the college the degree of A. B., out of course. After studying law in the office of Asa Cottrell, in Boston, he was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1866, circuit court bar in 1868, and to the United States supreme court in 18S2. He has practiced law in Boston since 1866, and is special justice of the Brighton district municipal court. Mr. Bennett was married April 26, 1866, at Boston, to Elizabeth R., daughter of John and Mary (Harding) Lafavour. They have three children; Joseph I., Frederick S. and Mary K. Bennett. In 1879 Mr. Bennett was elected a mem- ber of the House of Representatives. In 1881-82 he was a member of the State Senate, being made chairman of the com- mittees on taxation, election laws, and division of the State into congressional dis- tricts. He also served upon committees on probate and chancery, and judiciary. Mr. Bennett has been a member of the Boston school board, and for several years a member of the school committee of Brigh- ton, one of the trustees of the Holton lib- rary, and trial justice in Middlese.\ county at the time of the annexation of Brighton to Boston. BENT, George C, was born in Lud- low, Windsor county, Vermont, July 17, 1848. His childhood was principally spent in the neighboring town of Cavendish, as a farmer's son. He early showed remark- able fondness for study, but how to ac- quire the means to fulfill his youthful ambition for a liberal education was the problem that confronted him. Having passed the public schools, at the age of eighteen he began teaching in the common schools of his state. He was eminently successful. By teaching, and performing whatever of manual labor came to hand during vacations, he man- aged to attend an academy six months in each year until he had fitted himself for college. This academic education he re- ceived from Black River Academy, Lud- low, Green Mountain Institute, Woodstock, \'ermont, and Dean Academy, Franklin, Mass. He graduated from the last named with the class of 1871. He was at once elected president of the Dean Alumni Association, and two years later delivered the commencement day ora- tion at this institution. He was admitted to Tufts College, but having received an offer to take charge of the high school at Machias, Me., he accepted, and thus lost the opportunity of a college training. He remained in charge of the Machias high school four years, a full measure of suc- cess attending his efforts. In 1875 he resigned this position, and came to Boston, where he entered upon the study of law, with Heman W. Chaplin. He was ad- mitted to the Suffolk bar, 1S76. He then moved to Cambridge and opened law offices both in Boston and Cambridge, where he has continued in practice. Mr. Bent has always been prominently identified with the Republican party. He has repeatedly served the city of Cam- bridge as chairman of the ward and city committee, and as member of the com- mon council i88o-'83. He served in the General Court for three years, i8S4-'5-'6, representing ward two, Cambridge, with BICKNELL. BICKXELL. 53 no loss of reputation as a faithful public official — always serving on important com- mittees. He is a prominent society man, being a member of Amicable Lodge F. &: A. M., St. .\ndre\v's R. A. Chapter, Boston Coun- cil Royal and Select Masters, Royal Ar- canum, American Legion of Honor, Ancient Order United Workmen, Order of United Friends, Cambridge Benevolent A.ssocia- tion, and Mass. Tribe of Improved Order of Red Men. Mr. Bent was married in 1875 to Mat- tie .\., daughter of Rev. N. C. Hodgdon. BICKNELL, Albion Harris, son of Nehemiah B. and Louisa (Drew) Bicknell, was born in Turner, Androscoggin county, Maine, March 18, 1837. His early education was received at the public schools, and, as soon as circumstan- ces would permit, he devoted himself to the profession of an artist with all the zeal which had been gathering through years of earnest desire, and with a success which very soon demonstrated his choice to have been almost a necessity of nature. On the 20th of July, 1875, he was mar- ried, in Somerville, to Margaret Elizabeth, daughter of Oliver W. and Sarah (Simp- son) Peabody. At present he resides in Maiden. When only twenty years of age, Mr. Bicknell was well established in Boston as a portrait painter, but desire for studying art in foreign countries induced him to go abroad, and in 1861 he crossed the Atlantic, and entered the studio of Thomas Couture and L' Ecole des Beaux-Arts, where he remained an earnest student for two years, and afterwards spent two years in visiting art centres of Europe, and in the pursuance of his studies. In 1864 he returned to America and again opened a studio in Boston. Among the many well-known portraits which he has painted may be mentioned those of Horace Mann, Henry Wilson, Anson Burlingame, Chief Justice Isaac F. Redfield, Lot M. Morrill, the latter for the treasury department at Washington, and a duplicate of the same for the state capitol of Maine, where also may be seen his full length portrait of Abraham Lincoln. " Lin- coln at Gettysburg " and " The Battle of Lexington " are, perhaps, among the best known of Mr. Bicknell's historical pictures — the former containing twenty-two life- size portraits in full length. Through the generosity of the Hon. Fl S. Converse this painting is now the property of the Maiden public library. Mr. Bicknell is also well known as a landscape painter, etcher, and worker in black and white. In 1882 a special exhibi- tion of his works was given in the rooms of the Society of Artists, London, and the well deserved honorary degree of \. M. was conferred upon him in 1S84 liy the Colby LTniversity. BICKNELL, THOMAS Williams, son of Allen and Harriet Byron (Kinnicutt) Bicknell, was born in Barrington, Bristol county, R. I., September 6, 1834. Mr. Bicknell's education was obtained in the public schools of his native State until he was sixteen years of age. In 1850 he entered Thetford Academy, Yt., then under the principalship of Hiram Orcutt, LL. I),, and was graduated from this insti- tution, with the Greek oration, in the class of 1853. He entered Amherst College the same year, but at the close of his first year went West, teaching one year in Illinois, and returning East, taught a high school in Rehoboth, for two years. In 1857 Mr. Bicknell entered the sophomore class of Brown University, and was graduated with the degree of A. M., in i860, under the presidency of Rev. Dr. Barnas Sears. In 1859 Mr. Bicknell was elected from his native town to the Rhode Island Legis- lature, and served in that body during his senior year in Brown L'niversity. In i860 he was elected principal of the high school, Bristol, R. I., occupying that position five years, and afterwards holding the position of principal of Arnold Street grammar school. Providence, four years. In 1S69 he was appointed commissioner of the public schools of Rhode Island, and held the office until 1875. His power was immediately felt in the state, and sweep- ing reforms without revolution, a rapid ad- vance in public sentiment, favoring liberal legislation and increased appropriations, were the immediate results of his adminis- tration. In 1875 Mr. Bicknell founded and be- came the editor of the " Journal of Educa- tion," and with this he established and published the " Primary Teacher," " Good Times," and the bi-monthly international magazine, " Education." All these educa- tional works are having to-day a most successful mission in their peculiar field. The bureau of education, now in charge of Dr. Hiram Orcutt, was established by Mr. Bicknell in 1876. He has been president of the American Institute of Instruction, National Council of Education, National Teachers' Associa- tion, Rhode Island Sunday-school Union, 54 BIDWELL. BIGELOW. Boston Sunday-school Superintendents' Union, Massacliusetts Sunday-school As- sociation, New England Sunday-school • Union, International Sunday-school Union, Bicknell Family Association, Interstate Commission on Education, Chautauqua Teachers' Reading Union, and the New England Publishing Company. He was a member of the General Court of 1S89, chairman of House committee on education, serving as a member also of the committee on woman suffrage. Mr. Bicknell was married in Rehoboth, September 5, 1S60, to Amelia Davie, daughter of Christopher and Chloe (Car- penter) Blanding. Of this union was one child : Martha E. Bicknell. His residence is Boston, where he is engaged in import- ant financial interests. Mr. Bicknell has been actively identified with the Republican party since its forma- tion in 1856. He has been engaged in educational work in all its departments as a teacher, school officer, editor, writer and lecturer, since 1854, and has advocated and been a leader in most of the advanced educational movements of the day. In church and Sunday-school work he has been equally prominent and influential, taking advanced grounds in the liberal Congregational movements of the last ten years. His advocacy of temperance, woman suffrage, and other reforms has been vigorous, intelligent and sincere. BIDWELL, Marshall S., son of Bar- nabas and Betsey (Curtis) Bidwell, was born August 24, 1824, at South Tyringham, now Monterey, Berkshire county. After a common school education he continued his studies at the Lenox Academy, and began mercantile life in 1S46, since which time his attention has been divided between farming and various mercantile pursuits. On the 23d of November, 1845, at Mon- terey, Mr. Bidwell was married to Anna A., daughter of Samuel and Amelia (Bigelow) Tibballs, who died November 4, 1856. Their children were : Hattie A., Amelia A., and Sarah Louisa Bidwell. On the 5th of January, 185 8, Mr. Bidwell was again mar- ried to Sophia P., daughter of John L). and Luna S. (Welch) Bidwell. Their children are : William S., and Orlando C. Bidwell. The last four are still living, Hattie A. dying in 1866, aged twenty years. For many years Mr. Bidwell has held various town offices in his native place, Monterey, where he still resides, and is at present chairman of the board of selectmen. He also represented his district in the Gen- eral Court in the year 1881, and has been an ardent laborer with the Y. M. C. A., and an earnest supporter of religious and phil- anthropic institutions. He is a descendant of the Rev. Adonijah Bidwell, first pastor of the church at Mon- terey. He is the heaviest tax-payer in his town, his property being largely invested in real estate. BIGELOW, Henry Jacob, son of the late Jacob Bigelow, M. D., of Boston, and Mary (ScoUay) Bigelow, was born in Bos- ton, March 11, 18 18. He received his early training at the Boston Latin school, and having completed his preparatory course, entered Harvard College, from which he graduated with the class of 1837. Under his father's direction he began the study of medicine, attending also the regular medical course at Harvard LTniversity. At the expiration of three years, his health becoming injured by close application to study, he visited Europe, but returned in 1841 to receive the degree of M. D. He went back to Europe after receiving his diploma, and remained three years, spending the greater part of the time in Paris. He visited other important centres of medical instruction on the con- tinent and in Great Britain, and made a trip to the East. Returning to Boston in 1844, he was appointed the following year a teacher in surgery in the Tremont Street medical school, succeeding to the vacancy caused by the resignation of Dr. Reynolds. This position he held until the school was united with the medical school of Harvard Uni- versity. In 1846 he was appointed sur- geon to the Massachusetts General Hos- pital, and after forty years of service, resigned his position in 1886. In 1849 he was appointed professor of surgery and clinical surgery in Harvard University, filling the chairs for nearly twenty years without an assistant, and remained as pro- fessor of surgery until 1884. Dr. Bigelow's attainments in medical science have won for him membership in many leading American and European societies. As a writer. Professor Bigelow's influence has been far-reaching and effec- tive. He made the original announcement of the discovery of modern antesthesia, in 1846, and was always an advocate of the claims of Dr. Morton, deciding the ques- tion " What constitutes Dr. Morton's dis- covery?" by a reference to scientific precedent. Dr. Bigelow was the author of various mechanical appliances which have been BIGELOW. lilLL. 55 adopted by the medical profession and by various leading hospitals ; among which are a lithotrite and evacuator, an operating chair and an autopsy table. The following are among the best known of Dr. Bigelow's publications, and mostly relate to novelties : — " Manual of Orthope- dic Surgery " (1845) ; " Fragments of Med- ical Science and Art" (1846); "Insensi- bility during Surgical Operations pro- duced by Inhalation " (Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1846) ; "On a New Physical Sign, a Clicking in the Throat " (Ibid. 1847); " Anjesthetic Agents, their modes of Exhibition and Ph)-siological ]':ffects" (Trans. Am. Med. Ass., 1848); " Etherization. A Compendium of its History, Surgical Use, Dangers and Dis- covery " (1S4S) ; "On the Employment of a New Agent in the Treatment of Stricture of the Urethra" (B. M. & S. J., 1849); "Dr. Harlow's Case of Crowbar Injury to the Head" (Phila. Med. Jour., HENRY J. BIGELOW, 1S50) ; " Rhigolene, a Petroleum Naph- tha for producing Anaesthesia by Freez- ing " (B. M. & S. J., 1S66) ; "New and Successful Operation for Un-united Fractures, with Cases" (Ibid. 1867) ; "Ni- trous Oxide Gas for Surgical Purposes in 1848" (Ibid. 186S) ; 'Fracture and Dis- location of the Hip" (Boston, 1869); (187.) leged 1S72); ter to " Medical Education in America. Address before Massachusetts IMedical Society" Death by Chloroform and Al- Death by Ether" (B. M. & S. J., Alleged Death from Ether ; Let- Editor British Medical Journal " (Ibid. 1S73) ; " Turbinated Corpora Caver- nosa " (Ibid. 1875) ; "The True Neck of the Femur ; its Structure and Pathology " (Ibid. 1875) ; "Centennial Article on the Discovery of Ana;sthesia, in ' A Century of American Medicine,'" (Phila. 1876) ; " New Methods and Treatment of Ex- trophy of the Bladder and Erectile Tu- mors" (B. M. & S. J., 1876); "Lithola- paxy" (Boston, 1878); " Litholapaxy ; an Improved Evacuator " (B. M. & S. J., 1 880) ; "The Code of Ethics adopted by the Massachusetts Medical Society ; A JMinority Report" (Ibid. 1880) ; "A Sim- plified Evacuator for Litholapaxy " (Ibid. 1883); "A Radical Cure for Umbilical Hernia" (Ibid. 1889); "Fees in Hospitals" (Ibid. 1889) ; "An Old Portrait of a Sur- geon" (Ibid. 1889). BILL, LEDYARD, son of Gurdon and Lucy (Verrington) Bill, was born in Led- yard. New London county, Conn., May 14, 1836. He obtained a common school and aca- demic training. At the age of sixteen he traveled in Canada and the United States, selling books ; located in the book-pub- lishing business in Louisville, Ky., in 1857 ; on the breaking out of the civil war his business was destroyed and he went to Cleveland, Ohio ; thence to New York, where he remained until 1872, engaged in publishing. On June 12, 1872, he married, in Brook- lyn, N. Y., Sophie, daughter of Ralph and Adaline E. (Bigelow) Earle. They have three children : Frederick L., Bertha E., and Lucy S. Bill. Mr. Bill settled in Paxton in 1874, where he has since resided. Town business employs such of his time as is not given to leisure or authorship. He has written several works, the latest being a history of Paxton. In 1864 Mr. Bill was commissioned lieutenant in the Howitzer battery of the nth brigade of the National Guard, was commissioner to Hamburg, 1862 ; ten school board of Pax- ton, and ten years chairman of the board of selectmen ; and has also served as one of the overseers of the poor. At the last election he declined further town office. New York. He the World's Fair, years on the local 56 BILLINGS. lilKD. BILLINGS, Gilbert M., son of Wm. L. and Eunice E. (Kelly) Billings, was born in Blackstone, Worcester county, Feb- ruary 1 8, 1853. He went to Milford when nine years of age, attended the public schools and graduated from the high school in 1869. He passed an examination for Brown University, but illness prevented his attendance. He spent several months in a general store at Elizabethtown, N. Y., after which he was a book-keeper one year at the boot factory of Underwood, Sons & Fisher, in Milford, until the firm gave up business. For a )^ear he was clerk in a shoe store in Fitchburg, and afterwards book-keeper four years for the firm of Clement, Col- burn & Company, in Milford, followed by six years at the factory of Houghton, Coolidge & Company. In 1882 Mr. Billings, in company with Charles A. King, started the " Milford Gazette." In 1885 he purchased the inter- est of Mr. King, and has since conducted the business alone with success. He was married in Milford, November 26, 1874, to I-klith L., daughter of George B.Blake. They have one son: George W. Billings. Mr. ]5illings has served two terms as trustee of the public library, and has been through the presiding officer's chair in local lodges of Knights of Honor, Royal Arcanum, and Eastern Associates. BILLINGS, Sanford Waters, son of Sanford and Caroline Davis (Waters) Bill- ings, was born in Sharon, Norfolk county, October 3, 1834, on the homestead farm, which has been held in unbroken succession by his paternal ancestors for over a hun- dred and twenty-five years. He comes of sturdy old New England stock, and on the maternal side is descended from Governor Bradford of colonial fame. He received his early education at the schools of his native town, fitted for college at the Opalic Institute at .\ttleborough, graduating at .Amherst College in 1859. The following year he began teaching, organizing the Stoughtonham Institute, which he carried on with success until the establishment of the free high schools in Sharon and the neighborhood, when he was made principal of the Sharon high school, which position he still occupies. He was always active in literary and debating circles. In Amherst he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa, and presi- dent of the Athenian Society, and has re- mained president of the class of 1S59 ever since graduation. Besides his immediate occupation, he finds time to devote to town affairs, having acted on the school committee for more than twenty years, as justice of the peace — appointed by Governor Andrew in 1861 — as moderator at more than fifty town meetings, and as representative in the state Legislature in 1873 and '74, where he served on the committee on education. He introduced the bill authorizing cities and towns to provide free text-books in the public schools, and was instrumental in securing the provision of the law in his native town. He is an active worker in church affairs, serving as superintendent of the Con- gregational Sunday-school for twenty years, and for several years he was president of the Norfolk County Temperance Union. He has long been a member of the Repub- lican town committee, and was for many years its chairman. On the 17th of June, 1862, at Sharon, Mr. Billings was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis and Anna (Pierce) Morse. Their two living children are : .-^bbie Caro- line and Osmond Jesse Billings. Mr. Billings is endeared to hundreds of his former pupils, to whom he has been not only instructor, but, also, counselor and friend. He is a most ardent friend of the soldiers of the Grand Army, and expresses, by both word and act, the high estimation in which he holds their patriotic service. He is pre-eminently a leader in all the educational and moral measures in the town of Sharon, easily holding such a position by reason of natural endowment and Christian training. BIRD, Francis William, .son of George and Martha (Newell) Bird, was born in Dedham, Norfolk county, October 22, 1809. He attended the public schools of Ded- ham until 1824, then Day's Academy, Wrentham, Isaac Perkins, preceptor. Here he fitted for college, entered ISrown L^ni- versity, 1827, and was graduated in the class of 1 83 1. He began business as a paper maker in 1S33. This industry he has followed and done much to develop, continuing in the same to the present time. He has associ- ated with himself various partners at different times, but always held control of the business, and in 1882 the firm became F. W. Bird & Son. Their mills are at East Walpole, where Mr. Bird now resides. Mr. Bird was first married in Providence, R. I., January i, 1834, to Rebecca Hill, daughter of Benoni and Amy (Brown) EIRU. BIRD. 57 Cooke, who died Feb. 5, 1835. He again married, June 20, 1843, in Boston, Abby Frances, "daughter of Joseph R. and Mary (Reynolds) Newell. Of this union were six children : Frances Newell, F. W., Jr. (deceased 1874), Mary Reynolds, Charles Sumner, Caroline Augusta and Rebecca Hill Bird. Mr. Bird was a member of the House of Representatives, 1847, '48, '67, '77, and '78 ; a member of the state Senate 1871. He was a member of the Executive Council with Governor Boutwell, 1852, and Gover- nor Andrew, 1863, '64 and '65. He was especially active in matters that pertained FRANCIS W. BIRD, to the general public policy; fought Know- nothingism with a will in 1854 ; was stren- uously opposed to the Hoosac Tunnel scheme. He has been a typical independ- ent "in his political associations. He was a Whig till 1846 ; a Conscience A\'hig till 1848 ; Free Soiler till 1856 ; Re|niblican till 1872; Liberal Republican till 1874, and Independent Democrat to date. Mr. Bird was a member of the Massachu- setts Constitutional Convention, 1853. He has ever been a man of great nervous en- ergy and strong individuality. He has the courage of his convictions, and always moves in accordance with their promptings. He is a man very widely known in com- mercial and politica. circles, and probably has enjoyed the friendship of as many of the leading men of the State as any living man. Not a stain rests upon his character, not a suspicion attaches to the sincerity of his purpose. Outliving most of his com- rades who have made the State so illustri- ous by their wise counsel and patriotic labors, he still takes a keen and lively in- terest in all that tends to keep Massachu- setts in the van of every philanthropic cause and movement towards true reform. BIRD, Samuel Bradford, son of Ebenezer and Sally (Knowlton) Bird, was born in Ashby, Middlesex county, Septem- ber 3, 1831. He availed himself of the advantages of the common schools to gain a good English education, and was enabled to fit himself for a teacher of district schools. He taught during the winter months for six years, when he chose farming as his future voca- tion. Mr. Bird was married in Boston, Novem- ber 28, 1 86 1, to Sarah Ann, daughter of Ashbel and Laura (Nichols) Howe. They have no children. Mr. Bird has been member of the Fram- ingham school board twelve years ; mem- ber of the board of selectmen ten years, six years chairman ; member of board of assessors twelve years, during nine of which he acted as chairman ; president of Mid- dlesex South .Agricultural Societ)- four years ; member of board of agriculture nine years ; director of South Framingham National Bank, until he resigned to be- come director of the Framingham National Bank, which position he now holds ; vice- president of the Savings Bank ; director and treasurer of the Framingham Union Street Railway Company, a road built and equipped largely by the efforts and influ- ence of Mr. Bird ; treasurer of the town of Framingham the past four years ; trustee of the public library ; member of the Republi- can state central committee two years ; has presided at the town meetings, with few exceptions, for the last fifteen years. He was representative to the General Court 1886 and '87. Mr. Bird is an active business man, holds various trust funds, commands the respect of his townsmen, and is keenly alive to the interests of Fram- ingham, his present residence. BIRD, Warren A., son of Charles and Caroline F. (Frost) Bird, was born in Cam- bridge, Middlesex county, October 14, 1837. His early education was acquired in the common schools of Somerville and 5S msiiop. BLEAKIE. Natick, and his first business occupation was tliat of a dealer in coal, and this busi- ness he has continued without change to the present time. On the 8th of July, 1862, Mr. Bird was married in Framingham, to Elvira A., daughter of George L. and Patience Ann (Langley) Sleeper, who died leaving him two children : Alice and Edith J. Bird. Mr. Bird has been active in social and political life, as well as an enthusiastic business man throughout his career. For three years he was one of the selectmen of Natick, where he at present resides. In 1876, '77, and '83 he represented the town in the House of Representatives, performing diligent and valuable service on the committees to which he was appointed. BISHOP, Robert Roberts, son of Jonathan P. and Eliza (Hartling) Bishop, was born in Medlield, Norfolk county, March 31, 1834. The family moved from Connecticut to Massachusetts, and Mr. Bishop's father was a prominent lawyer in Norfolk county. Mr. Bishop was fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, then under the charge of Dr. Samuel H. Taylor. Ill health, however, prevented him from entering college, and subsequently his plans for the future were changed, and he entered the law office of Brooks & Ball, Boston. With this firm, and subsequently with the Hon. Peleg W. Chandler, supplemented by a regular course at Harvard law school, he received his legal education. He was graduated from the law school in the class of 1857, and spent a year in the office of Mr. Chandler, having been admitted to the Suffolk bar soon after graduation. A year later he opened an office in Boston on his own account, and, in 1861, formed a law partnership with Thornton K. Lothrop, under the firm name of Lothrop cS: Bishop. This partnership was afterwards enlarged by the admission of Arthur Lincoln, as junior partner, and con- tinued until 1879, when it was dissolved. Mr. Bishop was married in HoUiston, December 24, 1857, to Mary H., daughter of Elias and Persis (Daniels) Bullard, of HoUiston. Of this union are three chil- dren : Robert R., Jr., Elias B. and Joseph T. Bishop. In 1863 Mr. Bishop removed to Newton, his present residence. In 1874 he was a member of the House of Representatives. He declined a re-election. In 1878 he was a member of the state Senate, and again in 1879, '80, '81 and '82. At the opening of the Senate in 1880, he received a unani- mous election as president, and was re- elected in 1881 and '82. Mr. Bishop's law practice has been con- cerned largely with important railroad liti- gation. He was for three years engaged in the notable case of the " Berdell Bonds," involving twenty millions of dollars, and in the organization, by the bond-holders, of the New York & New England Rail- road. In 1875 Mr. Bishop was appointed one of the water commissioners for the con- struction of the water-works of the city of Newton. He has served on the Newton school board, and was a delegate to the national Republican convention at Chicago, in 1884. In 1882 Mr. Bishop was a candidate for governor, but was defeated by General Benjamin F. Butler. In 1888 he was appointed an associate justice of the supe- rior Court of Massachusetts, which position he still holds. BLEAKIE, Robert, son of John and Mary (Ma.xwell) Bleakie, was born in Hawick, Roxburgshire, Scotland, August 1, 1833. He came to this country in 1847, with his father, who left Scotland under an engagement with the Amesbury Manu- facturing Company, of Amesbury, to start there the making of fancy cassimeres. Even at that early age of fourteen he had acquired a fair knowledge of weaving, having gone all through the training of bobbin-winding and power-loom weaving, and served an apprenticeship as a hand- loom weaver. So he readily went to work under his father, on the power looms at the Amesbury mills, and at this work he remained until 1852, when, having reached the age of eighteen, and his father giving him his liberty, he left home and found employment at $i.oS per day, at the Elm Street mill in Providence, R. I. He re- mained here until, in 1858, his abilities were recognized by John W. Stitt & Co. of New York, by whom he was engaged to manage their two factories at Franklin, N. J., where he made a great success and was highly appreciated by both employers and em- ployees. In i860 he received and ac- cepted a tempting offer to return to Rhode Island. The civil war breaking out shortly after disturbed this new arrangement, and Mr. Bleakie was for the time being left without employment. Nothing daunted, and having saved a few thousand dollars from his earnings, he hired a cotton-bat- ting mill in Tolland, Conn., had it fitted as a one-set woolen mill, and started in busi- BLEAKIE. BLISS. 59 ness for himself. Fortune smiled upon his enterprise, and men having capital were an.xious to co-operate with him in manufacturing. A number of Providence business men united to build a larsre woolen ROBERT BLEAKIE. mill, now known as the Riverside mill, of which Mr. Bleakie was to have the man- agement, and receive one-third of the profits. Before this was completed, how- ever, he became weary of the amount of red tape involved, and the slow progress made, and being offered the management of the Hyde Park Woolen Company's mill at Hyde Park, he accepted the position, which he retained until 1873, when that mill was destroyed by fire. For the next two years he was employed as an expert, visiting and inspecting a number of mills in New England, till, in 1875, the founda- tion of the present firm of R. Bleakie &: Co. was laid by Robert Bleakie, John S. Bleakie (his brother) and C. F". Allen associating themselves together and taking the Webster mill, Sabattus, Maine, subse- quently adding the Amesbury mills, and finally, in 1878, purchasing and greatly enlarging the Hyde Park Woolen Com- pany's property. Probably no woolen manufacturing concern occupies a stronger or better position in the market than this company. Mr. Bleakie is emphatically a self-made man, having, without friends or influence other than such as he made for himself, advanced from a bobbin-boy to the envi- able position he now holds among our most successful manufacturers. His own eventful career has made him an intelligent and earnest advocate of reform in, and reduction of, the present protective tariff, his letters in advocacy thereof, published during the last presiden- tial campaign in the " Boston Herald " and other papers, being yet fresh in the recol- lection of many. Mr. Bleakie's abilities have frequently been recognized by his associates and fel- low-citizens. At the present time he is president of the Hyde Park Savings Bank, also of the Hyde Park Water Company, chairman of the Hyde Park board of select- men, vice-president of the Massachusetts Tariff Reform League, and one of the executive officers of the Woolen Goods Association of New York Citv. Mr. Bleakie was married in Shady Lea, R. L, December i, i86o, to Isabella, daugh- ter of John and Elizabeth (Kidder) Hen- derson, who died December, 1880. Of this union were five children : Mary Eliza- beth, Robert Charles (deceased), Bessie B., William, and Isabella Bleakie (deceased). He was again married October 12, 18S2, at Attleborough, to Mary A., daughter of Abner and Emily L. Wetherell. They have one child : Eugene W. Bleakie. BLISS, William Dwight Porter, son of Rev. Edwin E. Bliss, D. D., and Isa- bella H. (Porter) Bliss, was born in Con- stantinople, Turkey, August 20, 1856. He received his early educational train- ing at home, and in Robert College, Con- stantinople. He subsequently attended Phillips Academy, Andover, one year, then entered Amherst College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1878. He then studied for his chosen profession in Hartford Theological Seminary. He was first settled in charge of the Fourth Congregational church of Denver,, Col. Ill health forcing him to resign his pastorate there, he was next called to the Congregational church in South Natick. He then withdrew from the communion of the Congregational church and entered the Episcopal church, being first stationed at Lee. He afterwards became rector of Grace church. South Boston, which posi- tion he still holds. Mr. Bliss was married in London, Eng- land, June 30, 1884, to Mary Pangalo of Constantinople, daughter of John Pangalo 6o BLODGETT. liLODGETT. of Athens, Greece, and Eliza (Blunt) Pan- galo, daughter of the English consul at Salonica. Of this union were two chil- dren : Zoe Pangalo, and Enid Bouterweck Bliss. Mr. Bliss has been master workman of the Knights of Labor Assembly in Lee, and represented them at the Cincinnati convention of the Union Labor party, Feb- ruary 22, 1887. In 1887 he was nominated lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts by the Labor party, but immediately resigned. He was president of the Ministers' Eco- nomic Society, Boston ; was the first chair- man, and is now secretary, of the Society of Christian Socialists of Boston, and editor of the " Dawn," a paper devoted to their interests. In early life Mr. Bliss was devoted to the study of literature, poetry, and philosophy, leading his class in college in that depart- ment. He became interested in social problems when settled as a minister in the manufac- turing town of South Natick in 1885, and has since followed this line of thought and work. He has written frequently for the " Andover Review," the " Christian Union," etc., and has lectured before economic and religious bodies upon what he deems the vital questions of the hour. BLODGETT, CALEB, son of Caleb and Charlotte (Piper) Blodgett, was born in Dorchester, Grafton county, N. H., June 3, 1832. His early education was obtained in the common schools and the academy in Ca- naan, N. H., to which place his parents removed in 1834. He fitted for college mainly at Kimball Union Academy, Meri- den, N. H., under Dr. Cyrus S. Richards. He entered Dartmouth College in 1852, and was graduated in 1856. For two years thereafter he was engaged in teach- ing in the high school in Leominster, Mass. He read law in the office of Bacon & Aldrich, in Worcester, and was ad- mitted to the bar in that city in February, i860. His first connection in business was in the practice of law at Hopkinton, as a partner of Henry L. Parker, a college class-mate. Later he removed to Boston, and was associated with Halsey J. Board- man in the same profession, from Decem- ber, i860, to January 16, 1882, when he was appointed by Governor Long an asso- ciate justice of the superior court, which position he now holds. He was married at Canaan, N. H., December 14, 1865, to Ro.xie I!., daughter of Jesse and Emily A. (Green) Martin, and has one child : Charles M. Blodgett. He has one brother, Isaac N. Blodgett, who is one of the justices of the supreme judicial court of New Hampshire. He was made president of the Phi Beta Kappa Society in Dartmouth College in 1886, and in June, 1889, received from his a/ma mater the honorary degree of LL. D. Not the least of the honors, however, that have crowned his life is the estimation in which he is held by those who have prac- ticed before his court, and have received at his hands the imjjartial distribution of justice which should ever characterize an upright judge. BLODGETT, Percival, son of N. French and Dolly A. Blodgett, was born in Orange, Franklin county, July 18, 1S41. He attended the common schools of that town until twelve years old, then only in winter until fifteen. Attended the Athol high school one term and Phillips Academy, Andover, two years. When he was sixteen years of age he taught his first school. He followed teaching until he entered business life at Templeton, March, 1865, when he formed a partnership with A. S. Dudley, under the firm name of Dudley & Blodgett, and carried on the business of a general country store for five years. The partnership was then dissolved, and Mr. Blodgett continued the business on his own account. He has done a large and lucra- tive business, and has, besides his employ- ment in trade, done something in convey- ancing, settling estates, etc. Mr. Blodgett was married in Orange, May I, 1S67, to Georgia A. Worrick, daugh- ter of Philbrook and Dorothy A\'orrick. Mrs. Blodgett died January 17, 1S79, leav- ing one daughter, Clrace E. Blodgett, bom April 28, 1870. i\Ir. Blodgett's second marriage was with S. Isabelle Chamberlain of Templeton. He is a Republican, and chairman of the Republican town committee ; postmaster si.xteen years, until the incoming of the Cleveland administration. For twenty con- tinuous years he has been member of the school board, for thirteen years town treas- urer, and seven years selectman and chair- man of the board. His church con- nections are with the Trinitarian parish, of which he is an active working mem- ber. He is trustee of the Boynton free public librarv, and president of the board. He was representative to the General Court in 1889, from the second Worcester district. BLOOD. BOND. 61 BLOOD, Charles Erastus, son of Leonard and Abiirail Blood, was born at Pep- perell, Middlesex county, March 19, 1825. He received his early education in the common schools of his native place. His first business connection was with Metcalf & Fisher, manufacturers of straw goods, of Medway village, in 1S44. From this place he went to New York City. Here, and on Long Island, he remained until I S49, when he removed to Ware village, and was there engaged in the straw business till 1875, when he l)ecame interested in the drug business, his present occupation. He has been overseer of the poor in Ware twelve years, selectman two years, member of school board five years. For the last fourteen years Mr. Blood has been special county commissioner of Hampshire county. He has served on the board of assessors one year, and since 1874 has acted as treasurer of the South Mutual Protection Association. His church connections are with the Congregational church of Ware village, where he now resides. Mr. Blood was married in Milford, in 185 1, to Mary B., daughter of Josiah and Anna (Corbett) Perry. He has four chil- dren : Charles F., George F., Gertrude P., and Mary E. Blood. BOARDMAN, HalSEY J., son of Na- thaniel and Sarah (Hunt) Boardman, was born May 19, 1834, in the town of Nor- wich, Windsor county, Yt. In the common schools of his native town he fitted himself for higher educa- tional work, entered Thetford Academy, from which he was graduated valedictorian of his class, in 1854. He entered Dart- mouth College the same year, graduating with high honors in 1858. He entered the law office of Norcross & Snow, Fitchburg, changing subsequently to the ofifice of Philip Sears, Boston. He was admitted to the Suffolk county bar in 1S60, commencing the practice of the law in Boston, in July of the same year. His first connection in business was as senior partner in the law firm of Boardman & Blodgett, Boston, the firm name remain- ing the same until the junior partner, Caleb Blodgett, was made judge of the superior court. Stephen H. Tyng was a subse- quent partner, also Frank Paul, the present firm name being Boardman & Paul. Latterly, owing to defective sight, he has found it necessary to throw off much of the labor incident to the legal profes- sion, and, while seeking relief in various manufacturing and railroad interests, has been repeatedly called by his fellow-citi- zens to participate in the councils of the Commonwealth. From 1862 to 1864 he held the appoint- ment of commissioner of the board of en- rollment, under President Lincoln, for the 4th congressional district. He was also chairman of the ward and city committee in 1874, president of the common council in 1875, Republican candidate for mayor in the same year, representative to the General Court in i883-'85. He was elected to the Senate in 1887 and '88, serving as president both years. He is a prom- HALSEY J BOARDMAN. inent member of the New England His- toric Genealogical Society. His business relations have made him influential as a railroad official, being president of the Duluth & Winnipeg Railroad, and director of several others. In Boston, November 6, 1862, Mr. Boardman was united in marriage with tleorgia M., daughter of George and Maria C. (Moseley) Hinman. Their children are Flora M. and Millie I. Boardman. BOND, George William, son of George and Ann Sigourney • (Hamniatt) Bond, was born in Boston. June 22, 181 1. He is a lineal descendant of William Bond, who came from England to this country and settled in \\'atertuwn, in 1649. A trace 62 BOND. BOND. of French blood flows in his veins, derived from Andrew Sigourney, one of the early French Huguenot settlers in Massachusetts. On the maternal side he is a descendant from John Rowland, one of the Pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic in the historical "Mayflower." George Bond, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Boston in the same house which his life- long friends, Amos and Abbott Lawrence, afterwards occupied for business purposes. He began business as an auctioneer and commission merchant in company with Samuel Whitwell, under the firm title of AMiitwell & Bond. The new house rose to remarkable distinction, being widely known in mercantile circles throughout this and other countries. George William Bond received his edu- cation in private schools until he had attained his tenth year. He then entered the Latin school. When his course in that school was nearly complete, he was sent to the school at Roundhill, Northampton, then kept by Dr. Joseph G. Cogswell and George Bancroft. There he remained two years. In 1827 he entered the store of Daniel Denny & Co., dry goods jobbers, Boston, and, in 1832, was admitted to partnership in the house of Whitwell, Bond & Co. While in the former employ, he familiar- ized himself with the handling of wools. Similar opportunities presented themselves in his new place, and in connection with other houses succeeding them. In 1S47 he abandonee^ the dry goods business and commenced that of wool broker, a pursuit in which he is still occupied. In 1874 Mr. Bond received the honorary degree of A. M. from Harvard College, " in recognition," as President Eliot remarked at the time, "of his public spirit, and of his thorough knowledge of the important industries of wool growing and wool manu- facturing." Mr. Bond is recognized as the first and standard authority on all practical questions relating to the wool business in the L'nited .States. His thorough knowledge of the subject led to his being consulted b\' the National Association, of Wool Manufac- turers, in forming the tariff on wool in 1867. In 1S69 Mr. Bond communicated to the National Association an elaborate paper in explanation of the system adopted by him in his classification of wool. This was published in the first volume of the " Bulle- tin " of that Association. A final report from Mr. Bond on the standard samples of wool, addressed to the Hon. George S. Boutwell, secretary of the treasury, was, by his permission, published in volume iii. of the " Bulletin " of the association. Another most important paper was read by Mr. Bond before the Boston Society of Natural History, in 18S7, on the " Origin of Merino Sheep." This appeared in volume vii. " Bulletin." Mr. Bond has held the posi- tion of chairman of the committee on sta- tistics in the above association. Mr. Bond was married in Boston, Julv II, 1833, to Sophia Augusta, daughter of Henry K. and Maria R. (Craycroft) May. Mrs. Bond died in 1841, leaving three sons and one daughter: George, William Sturgis, Henry May and Sophia E. (now Sophia E. "SMieelwright). George was in partnership with his father until 1871, when he removed to Philadelphia. Henry May and William Sturgis were graduated from Harvard Col- lege in 1859 and 1862, and joined the Union army. Henry was wounded in the battle of the Wilderness, and subsequently by Mosby's guerillas. The latter wound proved fatal. William is now in partner- ship with his father. In 1843 Mr. Bond married Louisa C. Greenwood, of Boston, by whom he became the father of five children, none of whom are now living. BOND, Nelson Freeman, son of Benjamin and Arethusa (Bowen) Bond, was born in Ware, Hampshire county, January 9. 1839- Passing through the common schools and high school of Ware, he fitted for col- lege in Monson Academy, in 1858, '59 and '60. He entered .Amherst College in i860, and left in October, 1861, entering the army, enlisting in company D of the 31st regiment, Massachusetts volunteers. He rose from a private through the various grades to that of captain and brevet- major. His military service was chiefly confined to Louisiana, Alabama, and F'lorida. He was wounded June 14, 1863, at the siege of Port Hudson, La., by a minie- ball through the right lung, and for a long time was not expected to survive. After the war, he engaged in raising cotton in Alabama, 1866 and '67, but re- turned North in the spring of 1868, on account of ill health. He entered the employ of J. Cushing & Company, wholesale and retail flour and grain dealers, Fitchburg, in April, 1870. In June, 1S76, he formed a partnership, under the firm name of Bond, Baker & Co., grain dealers, Waltham. This part- nership continued three years. He was then clerk for si.\ years for the parties who BOOTH. BOOTH. purchased the business. He returned to Fitchburg, March, 1885, and ha.s been cashier for J. Gushing & Company to date. NELSON F. BOND. Major Bond was married in Paxton, September 3, 1868, to Maria E., daughter of Justus and Sarah E. (Jennison) Shaw. Of this union were three children : Vinnie Arathusa, Frederic Sylvester and Ben- jamin Walter Bond. (The last two de- ceased.) Major Bond has been a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States since May 2, 1883. He has served three years on the school board of Fitchburg, and was in 1889 one of the representatives from Fitchburg to the Legislature, serving upon the committee on education. BOOTH, Edwin Thomas, son of Junius Brutus and Mary Ann (Holmes) Booth, was born in Bel .^ir (Harford county) near Baltimore, November 13, 1833. He was named Edwin Thomas as a compliment to his father's friends, Edwin Forrest and Thomas Flynn. He was the seventh of ten children, and became early associated with his father in the vicissitudes of the career of thVt wonderful and eccentric actor. Most of his boyhood was spent at his father's town residence in Baltimore. Ed- win and his brothers ingeniously trans- formed a spacious arbor, situated upon the grounds, into a theatre, where, assisted by the future comedian and brother-in-law, John S. Clarke, they performed, before select juvenile audiences, classic and roman- tic dramas, with the female element rigor- ously ehminated. On the loth of September, 1849, Mr. Booth made his first appearance on any stage in the character of "Tressel," in Cibber's version of Richard HL at the Boston Museum, undertaking the part to help out the prompter, to whom it was usually assigned in connection witli his other stage duties. His first appearance on the Philadelphia stage was on May 22, 1850, as " Wilford " in " The Iron Chest." It was in this part, also, that he appeared first in New York City, September 27, 1850, at the National Theatre. At the same theatre, in 185 1, his father being ill, he suddenly and promptly took the place of the elder tragedian, and for the first time in his life enacted Richard III. This effort, remarkably successful for a comparative novice, was hailed as the indication of great talent, and as the augury of a brilliant future. In 1852, ac- companying his father and his elder brother, J. B. Booth, Jr., he crossed the Isthmus and played in a variety of engagements in California. In 1854 he was a member of a dramatic company, including the popu- lar actress. Miss Laura Keene, as leading lady, that took a trip to Australia. Return- ing to California in 1856, he came East, and first appeared at the Front Street Theatre, Baltimore, and then made a tour of all the cities of the South, being everywhere well received. In 1857 he appeared at the Boston Theatre as " Sir Giles Overreach" in a " New Way to Pay Old Debts," and his great success on this occasion, always regarded by him as the turning point in his career, determined him to persist in the resolute endeavor to win the first place as a tragic actor. His life since then has been marked by many vicissi- tudes of personal e.xperience, and by fluctuations of fortune, but it has been one of lofty purpose and continuous advance- ment. On July 7, i860, he married Mary Dev- lin, of Troy, N. Y., who died at Dorchester, Mass., February 21, 1863, leaving a daugh- ter, Edwina. Mr. Booth, subsequently, on the 7th of June, 1869, married Mary J\Ic- Vicker, the daughter of a Mrs. Runnion, who became the wife of James H, Mc- ^'icker of Chicago, a prominent actor and 64 BOOTH. BORDEN. manager. Mrs. Booth died in New York in 1 88 1, leaving no children. In 1862 Mr. Booth made a trip to Eng- land, appearing in London, Liverpool, and Manchester, and on returning to America became the manager of Winter Garden Theatre, New York, remaining associated with the house until its destruction by fire in 1867. Here he produced, on a magni- ficent scale, "Hamlet," "Othello," "Mer- chant of Venice," "Richelieu," and other plays, and was the recipient of a gold medal presented by the leading citizens of New York, in commemoration of the, at that time, remarkable achievement of run- ning " Hamlet" for one hundred consecu- tive nights. He was afterwards associated with the Walnut Street Theatre in Phila- delphia. Li April, 1S65, the appalling tragedy at Washington compelled Mr. Booth to leave the stage, and it was then his wish and purpose never to return to it. In 1866, however, persuaded by his friends, he re- appeared as " Hamlet " in the Winter Garden Theatre in New York, and was once more welcomed to professional life by a EDWIN T. BOOTH most enthusiastic and sympathetic greet- ing. In 1869 he opened the new Booth Theatre, which had been built for him tlie previous year in New York City. This he managed until 1874, when it passed out of his possession. In 1876 he made a tour of the South; in 1880, and again in 1882, he visited Great Britain and Germany, and was there received with extraordinary enthusiasm. In 1883 he returned home and resumed his starring tours in America. He has published an edition of his prin- cipal plays in fifteen volumes, the te.xt cut and adapted by himself for stage use, with introductions and notes by William Winter, the well-known dramatic critic of the " New York Tribune." • Mr. Booth is still in the zenith of his strength. He lives to lead the American stage of to-day with the same power as of old, and the glory of having given a series of the grandest pageants, graced by the pres- ence of some of the most celebrated actors that have ever been seen in this country, will be linked inseparably with the renown of Edwin Booth, when his biographer shall come to write the true story of his career. BORDEN, Philip D., son of Thomas and Lydia (Durfee) Borden, was born in Tiverton, Newport county, R. I., May 11, 1816. His early education was obtained in the common schools of those days, by three months' attendance in the winter, and he was employed in the summer as cabin-boy, cook, and deck-hand, with his father until April, 1830, when he entered the service of the Annawan Manufacturing Company, and remained there until November, 1832. He attended school three months during the winter of i832-'33. In the spring of 1833 he went to work for C. M. Coggeshall, cash- ier of the Union Bank, R. I., and divided his time between the bank, and the lum- ber yard of Cook, Borden & Co., of which iMr. Coggeshall was a partner. There he remained until the fall of 1834. January I, 1835, he entered the employ of Holder Horden, to go to the American Print W^orks, whose property at that time belonged to the Fall River Iron Works Company, but is now a separate corporation. Later he changed from the Print Works to the Fall River Iron Works Company Rolling and Nail Mill as superintendent, and remained there until December 31, 1874, as superin- tendent, assistant treasurer, and treasurer — a term of just forty years. From January, 1S75, to August, 1879, he spent his time in comparative leisure, though much time was spent, in connection' with the water board, of which he was chairman, and other occupations. He was ajipointed as a member of the water board in the spring of 1871, and served in that BORDEN. BOTTUM. 65 capacity until September 6, 1882, when lie resigned. The council voted not to accept his resignation, but Mr. Borden declined to further act. He was a member of the board of aldermen for 1864 and '65, declin- ing to be a candidate for another year, as his other duties demanded his time. Mr. Borden was married October i, 1838, in New Bedford, to Sarah Freeman, daugh- ter of Samuel and Betsey (Willcox) Bennett of Fall River. Of this union were eight children, of whom only three now survive : Thomas S., Philip D., Jr., and Frank Bor- den. His first wife died August 3, 1858. He was again married May 23, 1872, to PHILIP D BORDEN. Caroline, daughter of Benjamin and Ruth Seabury of Westport. Mr. Borden was a director in the Meta- comet National Bank from its first forma- tion in 1853 until 1880, when he resigned on account of his not being qualified by the financial circumstances which he, with others, was called to pass through in Fall River. He was a director of the R. Bor- den Manufacturing Company from its first organization up to 1S80. He had in pre- vious years been a director in the Fall River Iron Works Company, American Print Works, Annawan Manufacturing Company, and other corporations. He is now treasurer of the .\merican Linen Com- pany, to which position he was elected in August, 1879, and is a director in the B. M. C. Durfee Safe Deposit and Trust Com- pany. In 1843 he was appointed by the pro- bate court as associate trustee of the estate of William Valentine, with Jefferson Bor- den (deceased), and is now acting as sur- viving trustee. This has been quite a large estate, and from its accumulation there have already been considerable amounts divided among the several wards as they have attained their majority. BOTTUM, John Bennett, son of Samuel Adams and Leonora (Porter) Bot- tum, was born in Northampton, Hampshire county, July 7, 1852. .\fter an early educational training in the common schools of Northampton, and under private instruction, Mr. Bottum studied law with .\llen & Bond, of North- ampton ; the former, now Judge William Allen of the supreme judicial court, the latter, district attorney for the northwest- ern district in this State. After a prepara- tory course in law, he entered Columbia College law school. New York City, from which he was graduated in the class of 1874 ; was admitted to practice in all the courts of the state of New York, in the spring of 1874, and in June of the same year was admitted to the Massachusetts bar. He began practice at once, in North- ampton. In 1875 he entered a partnership under the name of Bond Bros. & Bottum, which continued until the death of one of the members in 1882. Since that time he has practiced alone. He has frequently acted as district attor- ney pro tern, during the absence of the office incumbent. He was chairman of the Republican county and senatorial commit- tees in Hampshire county for several years, and is now chairman of the Republican city committee, Northampton ; was a member of the House of Representatives 1886, '87, '88 and '89, serving on the fol- lowing committees : probate and insol- vency, bills in the third reading, judiciary, and rules, and in i88g was House chairman of the committee on mercantile affairs. In 1886 he was on the joint special committee to sit during the recess, to consider and report to the ne.xt General Court such recommendations and changes as it might deem advisable or necessary in the judicial system relating to the inferior courts of the Commonwealth. In 1887 he was a member of the House committee to the centennial of the adoption of the Constitu- 66 BOURNE. BOURNE. tion of the United States at Philadelphia, and in 1S89 was House chairman of the centennial committee to New York, at the centennial of Washington's inauguration. Mr. Bottum has alwavs been a student of national affairs ; is a staunch supporter JOHN B, BOTTUM of protection to American industries and markets, and an opposer of free trade. He was active and a welcome speaker in the last presidential campaign, and did his full share in presenting the claims of the Re- publican party to the suffrage of his fellow- citizens in the State. BOURNE, JONATHAN, son of Jonathan and Hannah (Tobey) ]5ourne, was born in Sandwich, Barnstable county, March 25, 181 1, the tenth of a family of eleven chil- dren. His father, a sturdy New England farmer, trained his sons to habits of indus- try, and taught them lessons of self-reliance. At the age of seventeen Mr. Bourne went to New Bedford, and entered the store of John B. Taylor, remaining nine months, and then spent the winter months in attendance at the village school in his native town. The next spring he attended the school of B. F. Fry, New Bedford ; then found employment in the grocery store of John Webster, with whom he sub- sequently entered into partnership. He soon after purchased Mr. Webster's inter- est and managed the business alone until 1838, when he st)ld out the business, his whaling investments having become sufift- ciently important to demand his full atten- tion. Devoted to his business, he rapidly increased its volume, until he became at one time the individual owner of more whaling tonnage, probably, than any other man in the country, if not in the world. During the late civil war, when other owners, disheartened, were selling their vessels to the government, Mr. Bourne not only retained his property, but, with his usual pluck and sagacity, bought five new vessels, and prosecuted the business with redoubled vigor. Although always interested in politics, first as a Whig and then as a Republican, Mr. Bourne never sought any political office. He was, however, repeatedly called upon to serve his fellow-citizens in posi- tions of responsibility and trust. Decided in his views, and fearless in expressing them, he often met with opposition, but never tailed of an election when a candi- JONATHAN BOURNE. date. He served three years as alderman of New Bedford, and five years in the executive councils of Governors Robinson and Ames. Mr. Bourne was three times chosen delegate to the national Republican con- BOUTWELl.. BOUTWELL. 67 ventions, and at Chicago, in i860, was tine first of the Massachusetts delegation to abandon Seward, and cast a vote for Abra- ham Lincoln. For five terms of two years each he was elected by the Legislature a state director of the Western (now the Boston & Albany) Railroad. Upon the death of John A. Parker, Mr. Bourne was chosen as his successor in the directory of the Merchants' Bank of New Bedford, and upon the death of Charles R. Tucker, in 1876, was made president of the bank, which position, together with that of presi- dent of the Bristol County Fire Insurance Company, he held until his death, which occurred in New Bedford, August 7, 1889. Mr. Bourne made good use of the limited school advantages he enjoyed in early days, and fitted himself for the practical side of business life in which he held such high rank. His success was due to tireless industry, financial integrit)^ personal at- tention to details, probit}^ and to a cour- age tempered b}- caution. Possessed of strong individuality, quick and self-reliant, he was ever just in his decisions and thoughtful of those connected with him in social and business relations. BOUTWELL, George S., son of Sewall and Rebecca (Marshall) Boutwell, was born in Brookline, Norfolk count)-, January 28, 1818. He is a lineal descend- ant of James Boutwell, who immigrated from the neighborhood of London, Eng- land, becoming a " freeman " in Lynn in 1638, and of John Marshall, who arrived in Massachusetts by the ship " Hopewell," 1634, and settled in Boston. Mr. Boutwell's early educational train- ing was received in the public schools. In his thirteenth year he was employed as a clerk in a country store at Lunenburg and remained four years. He subsequently taught school in a country district in the town of Shirley. At eighteen he began the systematic study of law, putting him- self under the tuition of an attorney, and employing all available time in pursuance of his object ; he also re-commenced the study of classics under the direction of Dr. A. B. Bancroft. He was admitted to the Boston bar in 1853. He delivered his first public lecture before the Groton Ly- ceum at the age of nineteen. In 1840 he publicly advocated the election of Van Buren to the presidency. At the age of twenty-one he was chosen a member ot the school board of Groton. In 1841 he was elected a representative to the Cieneral Court, and served in the subsequent legislative sessions ot 1842, '43, '44, '47, '48, '49, and '50. Official positions were crowded upon his acceptance. Between 1842 and 1850 he was railway commissioner, bank commis- sioner, commissioner of Boston Harbor, and a member of special state committees on insanity, and public lands of Maine. He was governor of Massachusetts in 1851 and '52. In 1853 he was made a member of the state board of education, and retained his connection with the board for ten years, and for five years discharged the duties of secretary. From 1851 to i860 he was one of the overseers of Harvard College. In 1856 he was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; and in 1 86 1 a member of the Phi Beta Kappa of Cambridge, and delivered the commence- ment oration in that year. He was a member of the Peace Congress in 1861 ; delegate to the Chicago conventions of i860 and 1880 ; was elected a delegate to the Baltimore convention of 1864, but declined the appointment. He organized the department of internal revenue, and served as commissioner until 1863, when he resigned to take his seat in Congress. During the 38th, 39th, and 40th Congresses he served on the judiciary committee and committee on reconstruction, and for a time was chairman of the latter. In 1869 he was appointed secretary of the treasury of the United States, and in the administration of President (irant rendered most valuable service to the nation. He originated the plan of refund- ing the public debt, and began himself the work of refunding, wdiich has been so suc- cessfully pursued by his successors. In 1873 he was elected to the United States Senate in place of the lamented Henry Wilson, and served four years. In 1877 he was appointed commissioner to revise the statutes of the United States, which work was completed in 1878. In 18S0 he was designated by the president as attor- ney to defend the government before the international commission created to dis- pose of claims of citizens of France against the United States, and of citizens of the United States against France. The claims against the United States amounted to thirty-five million dollars, only six hundred and twenty-five thousand of which were allowed. His five annual reports of the state board of education are worthy of mention, also his commentary on the school laws of Massachusetts, and his volume on educational topics and institutions. In 68 BOWDITCH. BOWDITCH. 1863 he published a treatise on the inter- nal revenue and excise system of the United States, which is still an authority in the department. In 1869 a volume of his speeches was published. He is also the author of a volume, "Why I am a Republican," published in 1884, and re- printed in 1888. In 1887 he published a small volume entitled " The Lawyer, States- man and Soldier." He was married to Sarah Adelia, daugh- ter of Nathan Thayer, of Hollis, N. H., July 8, 1841. Hischildren are : Georgianna A., born May 18, 1S43, and Francis M. Boutwell, born February 26, 1847. Few citizens of Massachusetts have been called upon to occupy more responsible and influential positions in public life than Gov. Boutwell, and certainly there are none now living of her honored sons who have brought to the fulfillment of their official duties greater energy of spirit, purity of character, or loyalty to imposed trust, than has this widely-known and universally- respected representative of the old Bay State. His record is his own best eulogium. BOWDITCH, Henry Ingersoll, son of Nathaniel and Mary (Ingersoll) Bow- ditch, was born in Salem, Essex county, August 9, 1808. His father was the trans- lator and commentator of the " Mccanique Celeste" and his mother was the only daughter of Captain Jonathan Ingersoll, both parents being natives of Massachu- setts. His early educational training was re- ceived in a Salem private school, and later in the Boston Latin school. He was graduated from Harvard College, in the class of 1828, and from the medical de- partment of Harvard University in 1832. Desirous of familiarizing himself with the most advanced medical science of the old world, he repaired to Europe after his graduation, and spent over two years in Paris, under the tuition of Professor Louis particularly, and of other adepts in physic and surgery. Returning to his native land. Dr. Bow- ditch began practice in Boston. For sev- eral years he was Jackson professor of clinical medicine in the Harvard medical school ; has also been physician to the Massachusetts General Hospital and to the City Hospital, and consulting physician in the Carney Hospital, Boston. During the civil war he held the office of surgeon of the board of enrollment in the fourth dis- trict of Massachusetts. In 1876 he was elected to the presidency of the American Medical Association, and presided at its meeting held at Chicago, in |une, 1877, on which occasion he delivered the open- ing address. He was for many years chair- man of the Massachusetts state board of health after its organization in 1870. Sub- sequently he was a member of the national board of health. To the literature of his profession Dr. Bowditch has been a frequent contributor. "Thoracentesis," a paper read before the New York Academy of Medicine, April, 1870, received high commendation from the most eminent practitioners. More than a quarter of a century ago Dr. Bowditch began to devote himself to the study of diseases of the chest, and was impressed with the conviction that it would be possible to relieve cases of effu- sion into the pleural cavity bv drawing oiT the fluid. He adopted Dr. Morrill Wyni^an's method of so doing — by a very small tube with a suction pump fastened to it. The success of this line of treatment was immediate and permanent. Immediate relief usually followed the operation, and never any disastrous results. Thoracen- tesis is now regarded in Europe and America as a legitimate, safe and neces- sary procedure. That such is the case is largely due to the success of Dr. Bow- ditch's operations, and the earnestness with which he has pressed the importance of it upon the medical fraternity. Dr. Bowditch has devoted much time to the study of consumption, its natural history and pathology, and the best means of checking its ravages. In 1862, in an address before the Massachusetts Medical Society he announced his discovery that a residence on or very near damp soil in New England is apt to cause consumption. Three years afterward Dr. Buchanan, of the local government board of England, found that a large district which had been sub- drained had less consumption than previ- ously. In another very important department of medical literature, Dr. Bowditch is among the pioneers of America — that of preventive medicine and hygiene. His " Public Hygiene in America " has been published at Boston and London, in book form. Having accidentally seen from the head of State Street the "Garrison mob (1835), led by gentlemen of respectability and standing," for the purpose of putting down free speech in behalf of liberty, he immediately joined the ranks of the Aboli- tionists, and continued with them until slavery was crushed by the civil war. BOWERS. BOWKER. 69 Dr. Bowditch was married at New York, on the 17th of Jul)', 1838, to Olivia, daughter of John and Elizabeth Yardley, of London, Englan.d. Of this union are four children : Nathaniel, Olivia, Edward and Vincent Yardley Piowditch. Nathaniel fell in the war while leading a cavalry charge at Kelly's Ford, Virginia. BOWERS, Walter Prentice, son of Charles Manning and Ellen Augusta (Damon) Bowers, was born in Clinton, Worcester county. May 19, 1855. He was graduated from the high school in Clinton in March, 1872 ; entered Har- vard medical school, Boston, 1876, and was graduated in the class of 1879. Previous to his medical course in Har- vard University he had served as an apothe- cary's clerk in Clinton, and from July, 1874, until the store changed proprietors, was in charge of a branch store of the same house, established in Leominster. He then took charge of a drug store owned by Andrew (ieyer in Wenham, which he car- ried on until he entered the medical school. ' Dr. Bowers was married in Clinton, Jan- uary 28, 1880, to Helen Matilda, daughter of Alfred A. and Matilda A. (Boynton) Burditt. They have no children. Dr. Bowers, in 1880, was appointed first assistant physician in the Worcester Lunatic Hospital, but after one year was obliged to resign on account of ill health. He holds appointments as local medical exam- iner for several life insurance and benefit companies, viz.: Northwestern Mutual, .'i'^tna, Connecticut Mutual, Equitable, Hartford Life and Annuity, Royal Arcan- um, A. O. U. W., the United Order of the Pilgrim Fathers, and the Royal Society of Good Fellows. In March, 1889, he was elected selectman of Clinton, and he has been for several years secretary and direc- tor of the Twenty-five Associates of Clinton. BOWKER, ALBERT, son of John Pear- son and XLu'v (Baker) Bowker, was born in Walpole, Norfolk county, December ir, 1815. He was bereft of his mother at the age of four years, and he spent the days of his childhood and youth in the home of his maternal grandparents. He was educated in the common district schools of his native place, in select schools, Medway, Holliston, Andover, and under private tutors. Not the least of his advantages was the inspiration he received from his member- ship of a small club of young men, meeting for mutual improvement, each one of whom was obliged to prepare and read a written dissertation to be criticised by the others. Some men since widely known were mem- bers of this club, of which Bishop Field was president. Mr. Bowker taught school in Needham ; studied to fit himself for the work in the Teachers' Seminary, a branch of Phillips Academy, Andover ; was next engaged as principal of the village school in Dorches- ter Lower Mills (now part of Boston), to which place he was invited by the Rev. John Codman, D. D. As a teacher he was successful. In six months he was elected usher of the Eliot ALBERT BOWKER, school, Boston, and, in 1.^,57, at his major- ity, he was made principal of the Lyman school, East Boston. In 1S45, after eight years of service, Mr. Bowker resigned his position, purposing to retire from active public pursuits. Soon after Mr. Bowker had attained his majority, he invested largely in the stock of the East Boston Company, and received the primary dividend of lands. He also became the proprietor of one-fourth of the capital stock of the Boston " Evening and American Traveller." He was also active as one of the founders of Hyde Park, one- fifth of the stock of which he owned. In 1846 and '47 he represented his dis- trict in the House of Representatives. In ^o BOWLES. BOYDEN. 184S he was chosen treasurer of the East Boston Savings Hank, wliich position he resigned in 1880 — he still remaining a trustee. In 185 1 Mr. Bowker was elected presi- dent of the North American Fire Insurance Company, and unanimously re-elected thirty-six years, resigning the position December 21, 1887. He was president of the Boston Board of Underwriters, also of the East Boston Trade Association and of the board of directors of the East Boston Ferries. In 1861, '62 and '(i(> he served in the Boston common council. In the rebellion, and in the war in South America between Paraguay, Uruguay, the Argentine Republic and Brazil, he held a controlling interest in eleven out of six- teen steamers in which he was a partial owner. Of self-made, self-educated men, Mr. Bowker is certainly one worthy of study and imitation. He has been a successful business man — successful with one excep- tion, and that, incident to the great fire of Boston, 1872, in which he lost all his insur- ance stock in seven of the largest dividend paying companies in that city. Mr. Bowker was married in East Boston, June 22, 1843, to Sarah, daughter of Ben- jamin and Henrietta (Knowlton) Lamson. Of this union, the two living children are Sarah Fitz and Mary Frances Bowker. Mr. Bowker's residence is in East Bos- ton, overlooking the bay, where arrive and depart the magnificent fleet of steamers known as the Warren Line, so called from the founder, Oeorge Warren, a fellow-mem- ber of that early club, with Edwin P. Whip- ple, the distinguished essayist and lecturer, Daniel N. Haskell, of the " Boston Tran- script," Bishop Field, et al., to whose exam- ple, association and inspiration Mr. Bowker is wont cheerfully and gratefully to ac- knowledge indebtedness. BOWLES, Samuel, son of Samuel and Mary Dwight (Schermerhorn) Bowles, was born in Springfield, Hampden county, October 15, 1851. He received his early educational train- ing in the public and private schools of his native city. This was supplemented by two years' study and travel in Europe, and two years' special course at Yale Col- lege. As a youth he also traveled ex- tensively in this country. His degree of .\. M. was conferred by Amherst College. But the most valuable part of his educa- tion was the training in journalism which he received from his father ; and he was fully prepared when the time came to take up and carry forward the work of his predecessors. Mr. Bowles began business life in 1S73, as an assistant in the editorial department of the "Springfield Republican." In 1875 he became its business manager, and at the death of his father (1878) he became editor-in-chief and publisher, which posi- tion he still holds. He is the third " Samuel Bowles " that has successfully presided over the leading journal of Western Massachusetts — three generations of sires and sons. Their sym- pathies have always been with the funda- mental principles of the Republican party, and its predecessor, the Whig, but they have been distinguished by their independ- ent attitude on political questions. The " Springfield Republican " has always held country above party, and clearly shown the mission of independent journalism. Mr. Bowles, as a citizen, possesses the confidence and esteem of his fellows, but has never allowed himself to be caught in the whirl of political ambitions. The only public office he has accepted is that of director of the Springfield City Library Association. Mr. Bowles was married in Concord, June 12, 1884, to Elizabeth, daughter of Ebenezer Rockwood and Caroline D. (Brooks) Hoar. Of this union is one son: Samuel Bowles, Jr. BOYDEN, Albert Gardner, .son of Phineas and Harriet (Carroll) Jiovden, was born in South Walpole, Norfolk county, February 5, 1827. He attended the common district school in summer till ten, and in winter till seven- teen years of age. He worked on the farm and in his father's blacksmith shop, until he had mastered the trade, at twenty-one years of age, and in the meantime had taught school in the town of Foxborough, three winters. He was graduated from the state normal school, Bridgewater, Novem- ber, 1849 ; taught grammar school in Hingham, in the winter of 1849 and '50. He became assistant teacher in the state normal school, Bridgewater, in 1850, and held the position until 1853 ; was principal of the English high school, Salem, three years ; sub-master in Chapman grammar school, Boston, one year ; first assistant again at Bridgewater normal school 1857 to i860 ; and was then appointed principal of the school, which position he has since filled in a faithful and pre-eminently able manner. Mr. Boyden was married in Newport, Maine, November 18, 1851, to Isabella BOYNTOX. BOVNTON. 71 Wliitten, daughter of Thomas and Martha Louisa (Whitteii) Clarke. Of this union were two chiitlren : Arthur Clarke Hoyden, A. M., teacherof history and natural science, Bridgewater normal school, antl Wallace Clarke Boyden, A. M., teacher of mathe- matics, Williston Seminary, Easthamjnon. Mr. Hoyden has been clerk of Central Square Congregational society since 1863 ; trustee of Hridgevvater Savings Bank; presi- dent of Plymouth Coimty Teachers' Asso- ciation ; president of Mas.sachusetts School- masters' Club ; vice-president of American Institute of Instruction ; secretary of National Council of Education ; and presi- dent of Old Colony Congregational Club. He received the honorary degree of A. .M. from Amherst College in 186 1. Under Mr. Boyden's management the normal school has enjoyed an enviable reputation with the friends of education. The quality of the teaching force sent out each year from this training school will bear comparison with that from any insti- tution of the kind in the country. BOYNTON, EleazAR, son of Eleazar and Sally (Blatchford) Boynton, was born September 29, 1824, in Rockport, Essex county. His early education was obtained in the natural course of attendance upon the public and private schools of his native village, supplemented by instruction at Phillips Academy, Andover. At twenty-one years of age Mr. Boyn- ton came to Boston and commenced his life work with Boynton & Miller, of which firm Hon. Nehemiah Boynton was the senior partner, wholesale grocers and ship chandlers, Mr. E. Boynton becoming a partner in 1849. The firm was subse- quently changed to Boynton & Hervey, Mr. E. Boynton and A. F. Hervey compos- ing the firm, and yet again in 1855 to N. Boynton & Co., the subject of this sketch being a member of the firm. In 1868 the Hon. Nehemiah Boynton died, and Mr. Eleazar Boynton has from that time been the senior partner — the firm name still remaining the same — N. Boynton & Co. They have in late years added an import- ant feature to their business, and their house is now one of the largest dealers in, and manufacturers of, cotton duck in the country. Mr. Boynton was married in Boston, October 9, 1852, to Mary, the daugh- ter of Simeon and Sally (Plummer) Chad- bourne. They have four children : Mary Dodge, Edward P., Nehemiah (the present popular pastor of the Union Congrega- tional church, Boston), and Elizabeth I,. Boynton. Mr. Boynton's predilections and training led him early to take active work in benev- olent and religious circles. He was a valued member of the Mt. V^ernon and ^ ELEAZAR BOYNTON. Edwards Congregational churches in Bos- ton while he worshiped m that city, and has been an active and influential member of the Mystic Congregational church in Medford since his residence there. His fellow-citizens of that historic town have bestowed upon him many an ofliciai honor. He, in turn, has always been loyal to them and their interests, and notably of late years he has been honorably conspicu- ous in contributing largely by his wisdom, his experience in public affairs, and his wide acquaintance with the leading citizens of the Commonwealth, to the prosperity and integrity of the town he loves so well. Mr. Boynton was a member of the school committee of Boston while he lived in that city, and was likewise an active member of the same committee when he moved to Medford. He was a member of the board of selectmen in 1861, when the war of the rebellion commenced, and chairman of the board in 1862, and to him is largely due the credit Medford has enjoyed as one of 72 BRACKETT. BRACKETT. the most loyal communities at that critical time in the history of the nation — that town contributing the first quota of men to join the Union army, while the last company mustered out of active service was largely composed of her brave sons. He represented the town in the House of Representatives in 1865, and the ist Mid- dlesex district in the Senate in 1885 and '86. He is vice-president and trustee of the Medford Savings Bank, director of the Blackstone National Bank of Boston, presi- dent of the United States Cotton Duck Manufacturers' Association, and the U. S. Cotton Duck Dealers' Association, and president of the Russell Mills of Plymouth. The names Boynton, Boyington, and Byington are one. The Boynton family have held six reunions, and their directory contains the addresses of 4000 names. The Boynton baronets and peers of England shdw an unbroken line of pedigree for thirty generations. BRACKETT, JOHN QuiNCY Adams, son of Ambrose S. and Nancy (Brown) Brackett, was born in Bradford, Merrimack county, N. H., June 8, 1842. He attended the public schools until seventeen )-ears of age, when he entered Colby Academy, New London, N. H., where he was graduated in 1S61. An offer of an appointment to West Point was de- clined, and he entered Harvard College, where he displayed marked ability, being chosen class orator in his senior year, and was graduated in the class of 1865. He took his law course at Harvard, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1868, where he has since continued to practice. He was partner with Hon. Levi C. Wade from iSySto '80 — since which time he has been associated with Walter H. Roberts, under the firm name of Brackett & Roberts. He was married in Arlington, June 20, 1878, to Angle M., daughter of Abel (1. and Eliza A. (Boles) Peck. Of this union were born four cliiklren, two of whom, John Gaylord and Beatrice Brackett, are living. In 187 1 Mr. Brackett was made presi- dent of the Mercantile Library Association of Boston, and again m 1882. In 1874 he was appointed judge advocate on the staff of General I. S Burrill, ist brigade Massa- chusetts volunteer militia, and held that position until the re-organization of the militia in 1876. He has evinced great interest in political affairs from boyhood, and since 1868, as a Republican, his voice has been heard in every state and national campaign. He was one of the promoters of the Young Men's Republican movement in 1877, and presided at the first public meeting held under its auspices in Faneuil Hall. He was a member of the Boston com- mon council in 1873, '74, '75, and '76, and was president of that body the latter year. He was elected a member of the House of Representatives for 1877, and re-elected each year for four years, serv- ing as chairman of the committees on labor and taxation the first year, and reporting the bill for the formation of "Ijuilding associations" or co-operative banks. The beneficent results of this law are due in a great measure to the subse- (juent efforts of Mr. Brackett. In 1878 he was chairman of House committee on probate and chancery. In 1879 he was House chairman of the committee on retrenchment. In 1880 he was one of the four leading candidates for speaker, and served as House chairman of the commit- tee on harbors and public lands, and as a member of the committee on rules and JOHN Q, A. BRACKETT. orders. He held the same positions the succeeding year, and was also a member of the special committee on the revision of the statutes. In 1884 he was again a rinember of the House, and was appointed chairman of the judiciary committee and a member BRADFORD. BRADFORD. 71 of the committee on rules and orders. In 1885 he was elected speaker of the House by a vote of 217 to 15. Probably no speaker was ever put to a more severe test in Massachusetts than that which Mr. Brackett encountered the first year — that of the famous filibustering movement against the metropolitan police bill. By his firm action and spirited determination, the bill was reached and jxissed, and both parties accorded him much praise for his ability in presiding over this stormy debate. He was unanimously renominated by the Republicans and was re-elected speaker in 1886. He was elected lieutenant-governor in 1886, and re-elected in 1887 and 1888. Uurmg July and August of 1888 he was acting governor during the illne.ss of Gov- ernor Ames, and in that capacity in Sep- tember visited Columbus, Ohio, with the staff and special legislative committee, most creditably representing his state at the centennial of the settlement of Ohio. Owing to the governor's illness, he was also acting governor during a part of the year 1889, and as such represented the Commonwealth at the dedication of the Pilgrim monument at Plymouth, and at the reception of President Harrison in Boston, as well as on many other public occasions. He was elected governor in 1889. BRADFORD, EDWARD STANDISH, son of S. Standish and Dorcas Brown (Lock- wood) Bradford, was born in North Provi- dence, R. I., December i, 1842. His early educational training was re- ceived in the University grammar school. Providence. He fitted for Brown Uni- versity, but owing to ill health did not enter, but traveled abroad until improved health enabled him to return and begin a business career in the house of Bradford, Taft & Co., woolens. Providence, R. I. He was subsequently connected with Samuel Slater & Sons, Webster, and in 1878 was elected treasurer of the Hampden Cotton Mills. In 1885 he retired from active business, and resides in Springfield. Mr. Bradford was married in Provi- dence, R. I., April 28, 1868, to Mary, daughter of Horatio Nelson and Sarah (Tiffany) Slater. Of this union were four children . Horatio Nelson Slater, Edward Standish, Jr , Dorcas Lockwood, and Sarah Tiffany Bradford (deceased). Mr. Bradford, while living in Rhode Island, was identified with the militia of the state ; was chairman of the board of selectmen of Webster, Mass., 1871, '72, and '73 ; director of Chapin National Bank, Springfield ; director of the Hampden County Musical Association ; was member of the Springfield common council, 1886, '87 and '88, and is now mayor of Spring- field. He is first vice-president of the \\'inthrop Club, and director in the Con- necticut Valley Historical Association, and chairman of the finance committee of the thirst Baptist society. EDWARD S BRADFORD. Mr. Bradford has traveled e-\tensively in the old world, and has been a studious observer of its customs, as well as a critical student of its history. On his paternal side he is a lineal de- scendant of Governor Bradford and Miles Standish, and on his maternal side, of Roger Williams, of Rhode Island colonial fame. BRADFORD, ISAAC, son of Captain Isaac Bradford of Du.xbury, and Sarah (Beckford) Bradford of Salem, Esse.x coun- ty, was born in Boston, November 15, 1834. He is a lineal descendant in the eighth generation from (Governor William Brad- ford of the Plymouth Colony. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public and private schools of Boston, the famous school at Brook Farm under Dr. Ripley, George P. Bradford's school. Concord, and the English high school, Boston 74 BRADFORD. BRADLEE. His entry into business life was as assist- ant on the "American Kphemeris and Nau- tical Almanac," under the direction of the navy department, October i, 1850. In 1854 he left to follow the sea, but returned four years later and resumed his connection with the " Nautical Almanac ; " resigned in the spring of 1865 to engage in mining in Colorado, going out as superintendent of a Boston compan_v, taking a party and wagon- train of machinery from the terminus of the railroad in Central Iowa across the plains ; returned to Cambridge in 1868 ; was subsequently employed by the United States Coast Survey to perform the exten- sive astronomical and telegraphic time r ISAAC BRADFORD, computations of the trans-continental longi- tude campaign of i86g, between Cambridge and San Francisco. He served in the common council of Cam- bridge 1870, was re-elected, but resigned to accept position as chief-of-police ; was elected mayor of Cambridge 1873, serving four consecutive terms ; was Democratic candidate for Congress 1878; moved to Exeter, N. H., 1879, to take charge of a paper mill ; returned to Cambridge in 1884, where he has since resided. He is at present engaged on the " Nautical Almanac," besides making calculations for the greater part of the almanacs of the country — work he has carried on continuously since 1857, his first almanac being that printed in the Cambridge directory for 1852. He is also at present chairman of the board of registrars of voters in Cambridge. During the war he sought to serve in the navy, but upon official request of the de- partment, he remained attached to the " Nautical Almanac." He was in charge of the home military organization as cap- tain, and was placed in command of the state arsenal at Cambridge during the draft riot of 1864. He is an active Mason, and was master of .Mt. Olivet Lodge 1871 and '72. This expert mathematician, after leaving the guidance of his revered teacher, Thomas Sherwin (Boston English high school), fortunately enjoyed unusual advantages in pursuing his special work in the higher mathematics, under the distinguished pro- fessor, Benjamin Pierce (Harvard Univer- sity), who had been called to the position of consulting astronomer to the " Nautical .■\lmanac." To him, Mr. Bradford was as- signed as special assistant. At the same time Mr. Bradford was privileged to attend the elective course in mathematics at the University. .Mr. Bradford was married in West Med- ford, .\pril 30, 1862, to Jane .\nn, daughter of William and Jane .\nn (Hutchings) Davis, of Boston. Of this union are two children : Ellen Hutchings and Isaac Bradford. BRADLEE, JOHN WALTER, son of John D. and Catherine C. ( Trinv) liradlee, was born in Milton, Norfolk county, March 17, 1841. The public schools and Milton .\cademy gave him his educational training. Before his majority he started in the nursery business, but at the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, he enlisted in the 38th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers. He has been a deputy sheriff of Norfolk county, auctioneer and real estate agent; chairman of the board of selectmen, asses- sors and overseers of the poor, for ten years. He was for a long time a member of the school board and a trustee of the cemetery. Mr. Bradlee was married in Milton, November i, 1866, to Nellie Marion, daugh- ter of Leonard and Lydia T. (Blaney) Morse. Of this union are six children : J. Walter, Charles, Nellie Marion, Eva Morse, Leonard Morse and Roger William Bradlee. Mr. Bradlee has held the chairmanship of the Norfolk county Republican com- i:ra1)LEE. BRAULEE. ■5 mittee for ten years past; was active in the organization of the Norfolic Ckib, and has held the chairmanship of its executive J. WALTER BRADLEE, committee since its formation; organized Huntington F. Wolcott Post No. 102, G. A. R., of Milton, and was its first com- mander; he was also commander of the Norfolk county division, G. A. R.; member of the Royal Arcanum; member of Cypress Commandery Knights Templar; represent- ed the 4th Norfolk district in the Legis- lature in 1884 and '85, serving as House chairman of the committee on prisons. Mr. Bradlee comes of good Puritan stock, being a descendant of the old iNIilton family of Captain John Bradlee of revolutionary fame. His maternal ancestors were of the Bradford family. True to his antecedents, he has always taken an active interest in all that pertains to the welfare and pros- perity of his native town, and has done much towards maintaining its high stand- ard as one of the most attractive of the many outlying residential suburbs of the city of Boston. BRADLEE, Nathaniel J., son of Sam- uel and Elisabeth Davis (Williams) Brad- lee, was born in Boston, June i, 1829, and died in his native city, December 17, 1S88. His father was a well-known merchant of Boston. His maternal grandfather, Caleb Davis of Boston, was the first speaker (jf the Massachusetts House of Representa- tives. Mr. Bradlee received his early education at Chauncy Hall school, from which insti- tution he was graduatetl in 1S46. He then entered the otfice of George M. Dexter, architect, of Boston, where he remained until 1856, when he became that gentleman's successor. In April, 1869, he was appointed by the municipal government of Boston to super- intend and take charge of the removal of the Hotel Pelham. The work was success- fully accomplished, and attracted such wide attention, that accounts of the way in v/hich it was done were published in sev- eral of the English, French, and German newspapers. In 1874 Mr. Bradlee was appointed con- sulting architect to the commission for the Danvers Insane Asylum. He was also tlie architect for over five hundred build- ings in the city of Boston, including the edifices of the New f^ngiand and LInion Mutual Life Insurance companies, the .Suf- folk Savings Bank and the Young Men's Christian Union, the buildings of the City, Market, Traders', Third National, and Commonwealth banks ; many large stores, warehouses, blocks and private residen- ces ; and the Second, South Congrega- tional, and Bullfinch Street churches. In August, 1875, he served upon the committee appointed by the secretary of the treasury to examine and report upon the condition of the new Chicago custom house. Secretary Bristow accepted the recommendations of the commission, and directed the supervising architect of the treasury to take down the parts of the structure they had condemned, and to pro- ceed with the reconstruction at once. With the water supply of the city of Boston Mr. Bradlee's name must be per- manently identified. He was elected the member-at-large of the city water board for two years in 1865, and was afterwards re-elected for five terms consecutivel}'. He resigned the ofifice during his last term of service, on account of the severe pressure of his business. During 1868, '69 and '70, he was president of the water board. It was during this period that the reservoir on Chestnut Hill was constructed. The largest basin m this receptacle was desig- nated by the board the Bradlee basin, out of compliment to him. In 1868 he published a remarkably able, accurate and detailed histradley) Brickett, was born in Haverliill, Essex county, April 10, 1846. He was educated in the public schools, Phillips Academy, Exeter, where he was fitted for college; entered Dartmouth in 1863, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1867. Choosing the profession of law, he passed the usual preliminary studies, was gradu- ated from the Harvard law school, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He then taught school two years in Glendale, Ohio. He returned to Haverhill, in 1872, and commenced the practice of his profession, in which he is still successfully engaged. Mr. Brickett was chairman of the ])emo- cratic city committee from 1882 to '86; city solicitor, Haverhill, 1883, '84 and 85; a member of the school committee from 1876 to '82 ; he has been closely identified with the politics of city and state, and is one of the most promising young Demo- crats in Essex county. Living in a strongly Republican city, Mr. Brickett has been at a decided disadvan- tage in gaining political preferment, but his efforts in behalf of his party, and in defence of his principles and convictions, have gained him prominence and distinction in the state. Mr. Brickett was married in Great Falls, N. H., July 25, 1889, to E. Jennie, daugh- ter of George and Eliza (Ricker) Guptill. BRIGHAM, Lincoln Flagg, son of Lincoln and Lucy (Forbes) Krigham, was born in Cambridgeport, Middlesex county, October 4, 1819. After obtaining his early education at the public schools, and fitting for college, he entered Dartmouth in 1838, graduating in 1842, and immediately entered the Harvard law school, where he graduated in 1844. He then studied law in the office of John H. Clifford and Harrison G. O. Colby, of New Bedford, where he was admitted to the bar in Bristol county court of common pleas in 1845. He formed a law partnership in New Bedford, with John H. Clifford, which lasted till the latter's election as governor of Massachusetts, when Mr. Brigham was appointed district attorney for the southern criminal district, which office he held for six years. LTpon the organization of the superior court, in 1859, Mr. Brigham was made an associate justice and appointed Chief Justice in 1869, an office which he now holds. On the 20th of October, 1847, at New Bedford, Judge Brigham was married to Eliza Endicott, daughter of Thomas and Sylvia (Perry) Swain. Their children are : Thomas Swain, Lincoln Forbes, Clifford, and Augustus Perry Brigham. BRINE, William Henry, was born in Boston, September 23, 1841. He was the second child of Robert and Ellen Ann (Rowe) Brine, who were the parents of ten children, of whom nine are still living. The senior Brine and wife celebrated their golden wedding in 1S88. Their children were all educated in the public schools of Cambridge, where Mr. Brine was a pupil at the Putnam school. In 1855, when about fourteen years of age, Mr. Brine entered the employ of Jon- athan Wheeler, a dealer in dry goods in East Cambridge, on a salary of one dollar per week. Alert and obliging, the boy soon became a salesman, and he soon transferred his connections to the well- known dry goods firm of Hogg, Brown & Taylor, of Boston, where close attention to the particulars of the business gave him the mastery of every detail and a comprehen- sion of its scope and possible extension. In i860 Mr. Brine accepted a responsi- ble situation with the business of John Harrington, of Somerville, with whom in 1 86 1, hardly twenty years of age, he became a partner. The young firm, united with \V. L. Lovell, purchased the stock and stand of John Holmes & Co., in the city of Bos- ton, where they established the business which has since proved so large and suc- cessful. In 1S84, after a prosperous career of over twenty years, the firm of John Har- rington & Co. was dissolved by the retire- ment of Mr. Harrington. Mr. Brine, in connection with John Henry Norcross, of the long established house of Lewis Cole- man & Co., then formed the firm of Brine & Norcross. In 1884 Mr. Brine visited Europe in the interest of the house, and established busi- ness connections with F^nglish and conti- nental manufacturers, which have proved of great advantage. Mr. Brine was married in East Cam- bridge, September 26, 1865, to Hannah South wick, daughter of John and Cornelia (Devine) Cannon, of Cambridge. He now resides in Somerville, and has a family of six children : Henry Clinton, now a merchant in Cambridge, Ellen, Blanche, BROOKS. BROOKS. 8l William Percival, Alfred, and Franci-s, all of whom have attended, or are at present pupils in the public schools. Politically, Mr, Brine has always acted with the Republican party, and rather than accept any office himself, has preferred to promote the advancement of others to sta- tions of power and influence. He was for many years treasurer of the Middlesex Club. He served twelve years as a trustee of the Somerville public library. Daily engaged with the details of a large and prosperous business, faithful in the dis- charge of all social and business obligations, Mr Brine yet finds time to make a cordial and practical response to the calls of phil- anthropy, and to join with his fellow-citi- zens in measures that tend to promote good government. BROOKS, Francis (Francis Boott Brooks until 1854), son of Edward and Elizabeth ( Boott) Brooks, was born in Med- ford, Middlesex county, November i, 1824. Mr. Brooks comes of a line rich in his- toric associations, his ancestors being iden- tified with the leaders of public and social life for many generations. Thomas Brooks, the first of the name in New England, came from Suffolk, England, and settled in Watertown, where a lot was assigned him in 1631. In 1660 he bought some four hundred acres of the famous Cradock farm located in the town of Medford. His descendants were conspicuous in their service to the state, and in their contribu- tions to philanthropic and educational enterprises which tended to the up-build- ing of the infant colony. Governor John Brooks was a striking example of the best product of Massachusetts soil, and from 1752 to 1763 performed the duties of chief magistrate of the Commonwealth with the same fidelity and patriotic devo- tion as he displayed in his participation in the battle of Lexington, and in his intimate connection with General Washington's military life. Still later the social stand- ing of this family was emphasized by the marriage of two sisters of Edward, the father of Francis Brooks, to Edward Ever- ett and Charles Francis Adams. Mr. Brooks was first married May 6, 1850, to Mary Jones Chadwick, who died March 14, 1851. His second marriage occurred November 29, 1854, with Louise, daughter of Henry and Mary Ann (I)avis) Winsor. Of this union were six children: Fanny, Edward, Henry, Frederic, Eliza- beth Boott, and Louise Winsor Brooks. In 1862 Mr. Brooks represented the town of Medford in the lower branch of the Legislature. Mr. Brooks was sent with Edmund Dwight to distribute the Boston French relief fund among the peasantry in the neighborhood of Paris after the Franco-Prussian war of 187 1. BROOKS, Phillips, .son of WiUiam Gray and Mary Ann (Phillips) Brooks, was born in Boston, December 13, 1835. He received his early education at the common and high schools of Boston, where he fitted for Harvard College, from which he graduated in 1855, subsequently study- ing theology at the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Va. In 1859 he was ordained and became rector of the Church of the Advent, in Phil- adelphia. Three years later he took charge of the Church of the Holy Trinity, in that city, which position he occupied until 1869, when he became rector of Trinity Church, Boston, with which he is still identified. 1 )r. Brooks has risen to one of the most prominent positions in the Episcopal church. He has declined many calls to other churches since he became rector of Trinity Church in Boston — -in 1881 to the Plummer professorship in Harvard College, and later the ofiice of assistant bishop of Pennsylvania, to which he was elected in 1866 — wisely preferring to re- main in his Boston parish, where he has become a power that may justly be said to be unrivaled in the church. His present church edifice, noted through- out the United States for its unique archi- tecture and fine interior decorations, was constructed at a cost of more than half a million dollars. In its pulpit the figure of Dr. Brooks has become one of the most familiar sights of Boston, and the immense auditorium is constantly thronged with an eager and expectant audience, in culture and intelligence second to none in the country. Dr. Brooks has published many of his sermons and lectures, among the most popular of which may be mentioned : " Our Mercies of Re-occupation " (Phila- delphia, 1865) ; "Addresses by Bishops and Clergy of the Protestant Episcopal Church" (Philadelphia, 1869) ; "The Liv- ing Church " (Philadelphia Protestant Episcopal Book Society, 1869); "Ser- mon preached before the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Bos- ton" (Boston, 1872) ; Address delivered May 30, 1873, at the dedication of An- dover (Mass.) Memorial Hall (Andover, 1873); "Lectures in Preaching," delivered, before the Yale divinity school (New York, 1877) ; "The Influence of Jesus," Bohlen 82 BROOKS. BROWN. lectures, delivered in Philadelphia in 1879 (New York, 1879) ; " Pulpit and Popular Skejjticism " (New York, 1879); "Candle of the Lord," and twenty other sermons (New York, 1883); "Twenty Sermons" (New York, 1886); "Tolerance," two lec- tures to divinity students (New York, 1887). BROOKS, William Henry, son of Reuben P. and Margaret (Kliot) ISrooks, S., Eliot Palmer and Mary F. Brooks. His present wife, Jennie, was daughter of Ed- win and Maria (Adams) Chase. The issue of this marriage were two children : Rachel and Chase Brooks. Mr, Brooks was city solicitor of Holyoke for three years, 1881, '82 and '83. In '1884 he was nominated for mayor by the Re- publicans, and defeated by James E. Delaney, the Democratic candidate, by a small majority. BROWN, Edwin, son of Albert and Mary Blair (Eaton) Brown, was born in Worcester, March 24, 1844. In i860 he began his business life in the City Bank, AVorcester. From 1862 to '63 he served in the late civil war as a private soldier in company C, 51st regiment, Mas- sachusetts volunteers, returning to the City liank as book-keeper, and remaining there until 1867. :S^f^ML WILLIAM H, BROOKS. was born at Schuyler's Lake, Otsego county, N. Y., January 5, 1855. He was given his early mental training principally at home. He fitted for college at the Clinton Liberal Institute, Clinton, N. Y., entered Dartmouth College in 1872, and was graduated in the class of 1876. He then studied law with Warren C. French, of Woodstock, Vt.; formed a law partnership with Edward W. Chapin, of Holyoke, in 1878 ; continued these rela- tions until 1882, when he withdrew from the law firm. Since the dissolution of the law partnership he has been in busi- ness for himself as practicing attorney, Holyoke, where he now resides. In October, 1877, he was 'married to Mary French, of Woodstock, Vt., who died , in June, 1S82. She was the daughter of Warren C. and Sarah (Steele) French. Of this union were three children : William EDWIN BROWN From 1867 to '6.S he was teller in the Worcester National Bank, afterward becom- ing assistant cashier in the City National Bank, which position he held until 1871. From 187 1 to '80 he was one of the firm of T. K. Earle & Co., manufacturers of machine card clothing. He is now treasurer and manager of the T. K. Earle Manufacturing Company, W'orcester. BROWN. BROWN. 83 Mr. Brown was married in Worcester, June 12, 1872, to Mariana Mifflin, daut,'hter of Timothy Keese and Nancy Sliove (Hacker) Earle. Of tinis union are Earle, Edwin Hacker, Caspar Mifflin, and Lloyd Thornton Brown. BROWN, Jeremiah, .son of .Vsa and .Sarah (Cook) Broun, was born in Hadley, Hampshire county, .\pril 7, 1836. He is of sturd)' New Entjland stock, being de- scended from one of the earhest settlers of Hadley. \\'hen he was only three years old, his parents removed to the city of Northampton, where he received his early education in its public schools. On leaving school he learned the trade of ma.son, and has, for many years, been a prominent con- tractor and builder, the head of the firm of Brown & Bailey. In 1862 Mr. Brown enlisted in the 5 2d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, and faithfully served his full term of service. Upon his discharge from the army, he returned to Northampton, and, in renewed connection with his partner, William .\. Bailey, has devoted himself closely to his business. Mr. Brown has been more or less promi- nently associated with the city government ever since its charter. He was for many years either councilman or alderman, and, in December, 1888, was elected mayor of the city. He is a Democrat in politics, bemg very strongly opposed to monopolv and class legislation. Mr. Brown was married in Springfield, in January, 1863, to Martha, daughter of Syd- ney Barber. Of this union are two chil- dren. BROWN, ORLAND J., son of Harvey and Lucina (Fuller) Brown, was born in Whitingham, Windham county, Vermont, February 2, 184S. He availed himself of every advantage offered by the public schools, and supple- mented this by attendance at Power's Institute, Bernardston. He began teach- ing in the public .schools at the age of six- teen ; taught and studied alternately from that time until he began the practice of medicine and surgery at Adams, in January, 187 1. He removed to North Adams in March, 1872, where he has practiced con- tinuously to the present time. Dr. Brown was first married November 22, 187 1, to Eva M., daughter of William and .-Vmelia (Blakeslee) Hodskins. Of this union was one child, William O. Brown, the mother dying at his birth, October 14, 1873. Dr. Brown's second marriage, Sep- tember 13, 1876, was with Ida M., daughter of Homer and Martha (Phelps) Haskins. She died in 1881, having borne him two children, .Agnes O. and Ida M. Brown (the latter dying in infancy). Dr. Brown was again married, December 16, 1884, to Alice T., daughter of Edward and Celestia (Stevens) Stowell. Dr. Brown has been assistant surgeon of the 2d regiment, Massachusetts volunteer militia since 1878. He has been deacon of the First Universalist church since 1885, and superintendent of the Sunday-school since 1872, besides holding various other church offices. He has been one of the medical ORLAND J. BROWN. examiners for Berkshire county since 1882 ; health officer of North .-Ydams most of the time since 1880 ; member of the House of Representatives in 1889, serving on the com- mittee on public health ; vice-president of the Union Medical Associatum of Benning- ton Co., Vt., and Berkshire Co., Rensselaer and Washington counties, N. Y. ; member of the Massachusetts Medical Society ; member of the Massachusetts Medico- Legal Society, also a member and presi- dent of the Medical .Association of North- ern Berkshire, and is ex-president of the Berkshire District Medical Society. He belongs to the order of F. & A. M. and several benevolent organizations. 84 BROWNE. BRUCE. Dr. Brown received his medical educa- tion first in the University of Vermont, taking his degree, M. D., in 1870. He subsequently has taken courses of study at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, and at Rush Medical College, Chicago. He has been a very busy and successful practitioner, e.xcelling particu- larly in treatment of diseases of women and children. He accredits his unimpaired constitution to his being early in life accus- tomed to the physical labors and exercise incident to farm life. BROWNE, CaUSTEN, youngest son of William and Sarah Justice (Mclntire) Browne, was born in Washington, 1). C, October 9, 1828. He is of old Massa- chusetts descent on his paternal side, the first American ancestor, Nicholas Browne of Droitwich, England, having settled in Reading in 1638, whence the family were transplanted in 1742 to Newburyport, where it has been largely and creditably repre- sented ever since. Mr. Browne's father took up his resi- dence in Washington in 181 2 while yet a boy, and there married a Maryland lady. It was in this city that Mr. Browne re- ceived his early education, mainly from George J- Abbott, a highly esteemed teacher of that day, and at the age of fif- teen he entered tlie sophomore class of Columbian College near the city. Here he remainetl two years and then entered the service of the United States Coast Survev, in which he remained until he became of age. On his twenty-first birthday he went to live in New York City, and immediately commenced the study of law, partly in the office of the late Charles M. Keller, one of the leading patent lawyers of the country, and partly under the direction of William Curtis Noyes, who enjoyed at that time the reputation of being the leading equity lawyer of the New York bar. In the spring of 1852 Mr. Browne was admitted to practice in New York. At Washington, June 2, 1852, he was married to Katharine Eveleth, eldest daughter of General William (U. S. Ord- nance) and Sarah (Eveleth) Maynadier. Of this union were five sons : Alexander Porter, who is his father's law partner, William Maynadier, Henry Rossiter Worth- ington, Causten, and James Maynadier. In October, 1852, Mr. Browne removed to Boston, where he has since resided. Very soon after establishing himself in Boston, he set himself about discharging the debt which every lawyer is said to owe to his profession, by writing a treatise on the construction of the statute of frauds, a branch of the law of contract. The sub- ject was one of uncommon intricac\" and difificulty, but the favor with which Mr. Browne's treatise was received, and which it has ever since enjoyed at the hands of professional critics, leaves no doubt of the quality of the work. It was published in 1857, and has passed through four editions since that time. With the exception of this work, Mr. Browne has confined himself to the practice of his profession, having at no time held or sought political or mercan- tile office of any kind. While the circum- stances of his early professional study gave a predominance in his practice to the pat- ent law, he has devoted considerable atten- tion to the kindred subject of cop\'right, and is a recognized authority thereon. Mr. Browne is a member of the Episco- pal church, and actively interested in its affairs. He has also taken much interest in the Citizens' Association of Boston, of which he is now vice-president. He was for several years president of the Boston Bar Association. He is a member of the Union and St. Botolph clubs. BRUCE, Alexander Bern, son of David and Jemima (Bern) Bruce, was born September 17, 1853. Receiving his early educational training in the common schools of ,\ndover, he en- tered the employ of J. P. Kent, cracker baker, Lawrence, Mass., at the age of fif- teen, as a boy, and worked his way up to be foreman of that concern. Upon the death of Mr. Kent, he formed a partnership with the son of the deceased, under the firm name of Kent & Bruce, and has since continued the business, which has grown to be one of the largest of its kind in the state. On the 24th of September, 1870, at Law- rence, Mr. Bruce married Mary, daughter of William and Mary (Coojier) Mitchell, by whom he has one son : David Bruce. Mr. Bruce is a member of Phoenician Lodge of Masons, Mt. Sinai Lodge Royal Arch Chapter, Bethany Commandery, K. T., Aleppo Temple, Nobles Mystic Shrine, Royal Good Fellows, Lawrence Lodge, B. P. O. E. (first exalted ruler), and has been past grand of Lawrence Lodge, I. O. O. F., and past chief patriarch Kearsarge En- campment. He is also a director in Odd Fellows' Hall Association, and a member of the Alma and Home clubs of Lawrence. He is president of the Merrimac Valley Felt and Wool Company of Lawrence, and is a director in the New England North BRUCE. BRUCE. 85 ^\'estern Investment Company, and also a director in the Merchants National Bank, Lawrence. He was a member of the board of aldermen of the city of Lawrence in 1884, mayor of the city in 1S86, and re- elected in 1887. ALEXANDER B. BRUCE. Mr. Bruce is essentially a self-made man, having by his own individual efforts risen from comparative obscurity to a most prom- inent place among the leading business men of Lawrence. He has twice served the city as chief e.xecutive, an honor sel- dom conferred upon one so young, and was eminently successful in administering the duties of that office. He has always been a staunch Democrat in politics, but his election in both instances has been secured by the votes of the business men of Law- rence, regardless of party lines. BRUCE, George Anson, son of Nathaniel and Lucy (Butterfield) Bruce, was born in Mount \'ernon, Hillsborough county, N. H., November 19, 1839. He fitted for college at the .\ppleton .■\cademy. Mount Vernon, N. H., and was graduated from Dartmouth in the class of 1861. He immediately began the stutly of law. In 1862 he entered the service of the Federal army as ist lieutenant, 13th New Hampshire volunteers, served as aid, judge advocate, inspector and assistant adjutant general on staff duty. He served through the war, and was mustered out of service, July 3, 1865. He returned home, scarred, but victori- ous?, and honored by three distinct brevet promotions. The first was for service at Petersburg in 1864; the second, that of major, for gallant conduct at the capture of Fort Harrison the same year, and the third, that of lieutenant-colonel, for dis- tinguished services in connection with the capture of Richmond, April 3, 1865. .\fter his return to civil life, Mr. Bruce en- tered again into the study of the law, under the direction of his old preceptors in Low- ell, but kept his residence at Mount ^'ernon. N. H. In the spring of 1866 he was elect- ed to the Legislature of New Hampshire, an event peculiarly creditable to his stand- ing in the community, as he was the first and only Republican ever elected from that district. .Admitted to the bar at Lowell, October, 1866, he began the practice of his pro- /%■ GEORGE A BRUCE fession in Boston in 1867. There he has since established himself in a most honor- able place among the leaders of the legal fraternity, securing a large clientage and lucrative practice. He continued to reside in Boston until 1874, when he removed to 86 BRYANT. BRYANT. the adjoining- city of Somervilie, where he still resides. Mr. Bruce was mayor of Somervilie in 1877, '80 and '81, and a member of the state Senate in 1882, '83 and '84, being president of the Senate the latter year. Since his retirement from active political life, he has given his time and energies to the more important cases which from year to year come before the Legislature. His long and varied experience while a member, his wide acquaintance with public men, his sagacious reading of human nature, make him a powerful ally and a formidable antagonist. He has the reputation of be- ing successful in nearly every cause in behalf of which he has appeared before a legislative committee. iSIr. Bruce was married in Groton, in 1870, to Clara M., daughter of Joseph F. and Sarah (Longley) Hall. BRYANT, Napoleon Bonaparte, was born at East Andover, Merrimack county New Hampshire, February 25, 1825. His mother was of revolutionary stock, and of one of the oldest families in town. Mr. Bryant availed himself of the limited educational advantages offered by the dis- trict school of his native place, subse- quently attending for a portion of a term the high school at F'ranklin. His ambition for study was greater than his means for its gratification. His first commercial transaction was in borrowing enough money at the age of fourteen to defray the expense of an entire term at Boscawen Academy, giving his note therefor, which he paid with interest at the end of three years. Drifting about a term at a time among the various acade- mies in the state, at Concord, Claremont, Gilmanton and New London, he entered New Hampton, and then perfected his collegiate equipment, so that he entered the sophomore class at Waterville College, Maine, a year in advance of his fellows. At the academies and in college he de- veloped an intense passion for debate, and took a leading part in all the lyceums at home and the societies connected with the various institutions of learning he at- tended, to which he undoubtedly owes much of the freedom and ease that have since characterized his oratorical efforts. At twenty-two he entered the office of an eminent law firm — Nesmith & Pike — at Franklin, and after something less than two years' hard study went to the Harvard law school, from which he graduated in 1848 ; was admitted to the bar of Grafton county at the November term of the same year, and having opened an office at Bris- tol in that county, in November, 1848, upon his admission, entered upon the active practice of his profession. At twenty-five he was elected one of the commissioners of the county of Grafton, and held the office for three years, being chairman of the board two years. At twenty-nine he was appointed prosecuting attorney for that county, and discharged his duties with marked efficiency. In 1853 he removed from Bristol to' Plym- outh ; and from that time he was en- gaged on one side or the other of nearly NAPOLEON B, BRYANT. every important cause there tried by the jury. In 1S55 Mr. Bryant removed to Con- cord, and entered into partnership with Lyman T. F'lint. Mr. Bryant prior to 1856 had acted with the Democratic party, in whose faith he had been reared, but in that year he supported, by voice and vote, the nomination of John C. Fremont, effectually speaking in all the large towns, and in nearly every county in the state. In 1857 he represented the city of Concord in the New Hampshire Legislature, was re-elected in 1858 and '59, serving as speaker the last two years. In i860 he was at the Chicago convention as BUCHANAN. BUCHANAN'. 87 a substitute delegate, working strenuously and effectively for the nomination of Mr. Lincoln. He stumped the state for him, and after his election removed to Boston. He was a delegate to the Baltimore con- vention in 1864, a firm supporter of Mr. Lincoln's renomination and a strenuous opponent of Andrew Johnson for the second place on the national ticket. He delivered the centennial oration in his native town in 1S79. Since he has re- sided in Massachusetts he has refused to hold any political office whatever, and has only interested himself in politics by mak- ing speeches during the state and national campaigns. From the time of his taking up his residence in Boston, until 1887, he devoted his time almost entirely to an extensive and constantly increasing general practice in the several counties in East Massachu- setts, in both the state and federal courts, and not infrequently has been called to his old circuit in New Hampshire when he could spare the time. Mr. Bryant was married at the age of twenty-four to Susan M., the daugh- ter of Abraham Brown of Northfield, N. H., by whom he has three surviving children. He retired from business in April, 18S7, and is known m both public and private life as a most genial and courteous gentle- man. BUCHANAN, JOSEPH RODES, son of Dr. Joseph and Nancy Buchanan, was born in Frankfort, Franklin county, Ky,, December 11, 1814. At the age of sev- enty-four he is still in his prime as to health, vigor, and application, editing "Buchanan's Journal of Man." His father's death in 1829 left the son to maintain himself unaided. As a printer, teacher, and medical student, he took an original course, and began in 1S35 the career of public teacher, devoting himself to his life work, the consummation of physiology, by ascertaining the une.x- plained functions of the brain and nervous system, founding his labors on the theory of Gall and Spurzheim, which he subjected to years of patient analysis and criticism, rejecting errors and adding important dis- coveries. His study of comparative devel- opment was superseded in 1841 by the discovery of the impressibility of the brain, and the power of affecting the brains of intelligent persons so as to determine the location of their various functions. Li 1842 he published his explanation of the brain, showing the psychic and physiolog- ical functions of all parts, a condensed statement of which he gave in his " Sys- tem of Anthropology" in 1854. Having graduated from the medical department of the Louisville Universit)', he presented his discoveries to the faculty and authorities of the university for examination, and on the first presentation of his subject he was sustained by Professor Caldwell of his alma mater, and subsequently by Robert Dale Owen, and his experiments were repeated by eminent scientists in this coun- try and Europe. In the winter of i842-'43 Dr. Buchanan presented the subject in New York, and received the endorsement of a committee of eminent men, the late William Cullen Bry- ant being chairman. The same year a committee of physicians in Boston pub- lished a report of experiments signed by their secretary. Dr. Bowditch, showing a successful demonstration of the new sci- ence. A few months later the faculty of the State Universitv of huliana, under J. RODES BUCHANAN. President Wylie, made a report of wonder- ful experiments on the brain by Dr. Bu- ghanan, and their high estimate of the importance of the new science. The next year he was cordially endorsed by a large meeting in Boston, and specially eulogized by its chairman, Rev. John Pierpont. At 88 BUCHANAN. BUCKINGHAM. this time he gave many experimental illus- trations of the science of psychometry, which he discovered in 1842. Its princi- ples are fully set forth in his " Manual of Psychometry," published in 1885, and now in its third edition. In 1846 Dr. Buchanan, finding the med- ical profession averse to his investigations, joined with the liberal physicians in Cin- cinnati in establishing a new school, the Eclectic Medical Institute, which origi- nated the independent eclectic party in the profession. Dr. Buchanan was made dean of the faculty, and his new physiology was the most striking novelty of the insti- tution. In 1857 he left Cincinnati to attend to the interests of his family estate in Kentucky, and during the war and the year succeeding was chosen chairman of the Democratic state central committee, and originated the measures which pro- duced tranquillity and harmony between the conflicting parties. His policy was so highly appreciated that he was nominated b)' eminent citizens as a candidate for the office of governor, but declined the nomi- nation. In 1877 he took a position as professor in the Eclectic Medical College of New York, which he held for four years, during which time the growth of the college was phenomenal. He is widely known as a medical re- former, and was the first to procure the admission of female students to a medical college. In 1862 he published "The New Education," now in its fourth edition, which proposes a complete revolution in educational methods. Of this work an able author. Rev. B. F. Barrett, says : " I regard it as by far the most valuable work on education ever published." He has also published " Therapeutic Sarcognomy," e.xhibiting the relations of the soul, brain, and body, and the new system of practice based upon its principles, which he teaches in his Boston " College of Therapeutics." Professor Winterburn and others who have attended his lectures recognize him as " the highest living authority on the psy- chic functions of the brain." The aim of Dr. Buchanan's " Journal of Man " is to give the world the results of his labors, and to apply to social progress the theo- ries of his philosophy. In 1883 he was chosen president of the proposed " Ameri- can University," to be located in Boston, and has since proposed the establishment of a medical college of high order to em- body the most recent developments of advanced science. In the winter of 1841 he married Anne, daughter of Judge Rowan of Louisville, who had represented Kentucky in the United States Senate. Three sons and a daughter are living from this union. In 1881 he married, for his second wife, Mrs. C. H. Decker, who has be- come distinguished in the practice of psychometry. BUCKINGHAM, Samuel Giles, son of Deacon Samuel and Joanna Matson Buckingham, was born in Lebanon, New London count v, Conn., November 18, 1812. His great -ancestor in this country was Thomas Buckingham, one of the original members of the New Haven colony, and he comes down by direct descent from "Minister Buckingham" of Saybrook, Conn., one of the two moderators of the Saybrook Synod of 1808, and one of the two rectors of Yale College during the sixteen years it was located at Say- brook. Governor Buckingham, the "war governor " of the state of Connecticut, was his brother. After the usual course in the public schools, he entered the academy at Plain- field, Conn., where he fitted for college and was graduated at Yale in the class of 1833. He immediately entered the Yale Theologi- cal Seminary, graduated in 1837, and was ordained and settled over the Second church in Millbury, in May of the same year, where he remained for ten years. In May, 1847, he was installed pastor of the South Congregational church, Spring- field, Mass., where he still remains senior pastor, after forty years of ministerial ser- vice to this church, and after fifty years of service in the Christian ministry. On the loth of May, 1837, Mr. Buck- ingham was married to Harriet, daugh- ter of Rev. Dr. Nathaniel W. Taylor, pro- fessor of theology in the Yale theological school. His wife died in 1863, leaving him one child : Harriet Taylor Buckingham. He had also an adopted daughter : Maria Robeson, the wife of Rollin H. Loomis. Mrs. Loomis died in 1888, leaving four sons. Dr. Buckingham has been for many \'ears one of the trustees of Williston Classical Seminary ; is a corporate member of the American Board of Commissioners for For- eign Mi-ssions, and holds office in various other religious and charitable organizations, and throughout the fifty-one years of his ministry has been earnestly devoted to his work as pastor of the two churches that have been under his charge. budix(;to\. rJURDAKIN. 89 BUDINGTON, JONATHAN, son of Jon- athan and Sophronia (Denison) lUidington, was born in Leyden, Franklin county, De- cember 17, I S3 7. He was educated in the pubHc sciiools of Leyden, Shelburne Falls Academy, East Greenwich (R. I.) Academy, and U'esleyan Academy, Wilbraham. The principal business of his life has been farming. He was in commercial busi- ness in Gloucester a few years, also pro- prietor of a mill and box factory in West Leyden for some years. At present he is not in any business, on account of ill health. Mr. Budintrton never married. JONATHAN BUDINGTON. He has been a member of the school board many years ; was a member of the General Court in 1881, being the third generation of the same name that has rep- resented Leyden in the Legislature. He was placed on the committee on agricul- ture, and served as clerk of same. He is life member and trustee of Frank- lin County .Agricultural Society ; was a member of the state board of agricul- ture from 1883 to '86, and for the same term was a member of the examining com- mittee for the Massachusetts Agricultural College. He is steward and trustee of the AT. E. church, having held this connection twenty- five years. He has been for many years superintendent of the Sunday-school. BULLOCK, Augustus George, son of Alexander Hamilton and Elvira H. Bullock, was born in Enfield, Hampshire county. Conn,, June 2, 1847. His school days were passed at High- land Military ,'\cademy and Leicester Academy. He fitted for college with the late Elbridge G. Cutler, afterwards profes- sor at Harvard. Mr. Bullock entered Harvard College in 1864, and was gradu- ated with the class of 1868. He made himself familiar with financial transactions by engaging a short time in the brokerage business, then read law in the otfice of Hon. George F". Hoar, and Hon. T. I,. Nelson, now judge of the LTnited States district court. He was admitted to the Worcester county bar and practiced law until January, 1883. At the annual meeting of the State ALitual Life Assur- ance Company of Worcester, in that month, he was chosen its president and treasurer, which office he still holds. Mr. Bullock was married in Worcester, October 4, 187 i, to Mary H., daughter of George and Josephine Rose Chandler. Of this union were four children : Chandler, Alexander Hamilton, Rockwood Hoar, and A. G. Bullock, Jr., the latter dying in infancy. Mr. Bullock is director in the Worcester National Bank ; director in the free pub- lic library ; in 1868 was private and mili- tary secretary to Governor Alexander H. P)ullock, his father, with rank of lieuten- ant-colonel ; is a director in the Worcester Gas Light Company ; trustee of Worces- ter Lunatic Hospital ; trustee of Worces- ter County Listitution for Savings ; presi- dent of the State Safe Deposit Company ; member of the American Bar Association; member of the Archaeological Institute of America ; member of the American Anti- tjuarian Society, etc. BURDAKIN, JOHN H., son of John C. and Catharine E. Burdakin, was born in Cambridge, Middlesex county, November 3, 1840, and was educated in the schools of Cambridge and Boston. At the age of seventeen he entered the office of William V. Thompson, Boston, remained there about three years, and then went into the Middlesex registry of deeds as a clerk under Caleb Hayden, the register. In the early part of the war of the rebellion, he enlisted in the 2 2d regiment N. V. National Guard, and was in the army at Harper's Ferry and other places in the 9° ISURDAKIN. BURPETT. Shenandoah Valley. After his discharge from the army, he came to Dedham in 1863, and was employed as clerk in the Norfolk county registry of deeds, under James Foord, the register. Early in 1S75, upon the passage of the legislative act authorizing registers of deeds to appoint assistant registers, Mr. Burdakin was appointed assistant register for Norfolk count}'. At the election of 1873, Mr. Foord having declined a re-elec- tion, Mr. Burdakin was elected his suc- cessor, receiving the nomination from both political parties. He entered upon his new responsibility, January, 1874. He has always received the support of the majori- ties given him, not as a political candidate, but as a citizen accepting a public trust. This continued support is sufficient evi- dence of his fitness for the position. Mr. Burdakin is a member of the G. A. R., of the New England Historic Genea- logical Societ V, antl an active member of the Dedham Historical Society, of which he is librarian and curator. Being a lover of books, he has done much towards the col- lecting of the valuable historical library of the latter society. He is one of the trustees of the Dedham Institution for Savings, and a member of the school board. Mr. Burdakin was married November 18, 1874, to Ella L., daughter of Nathaniel Smith. Of this union are two children : Leslie R., born September 16, 1884, and Lillian Burdakin, born August 5, 1887. BURDEN, Frederick L., son of Charles and Julia A. (Daniels) Burden, was born in East Douglas, Worcester county, April 20, 1847. The public and private schools of his native place gave him his early educational training. His tastes induced him to adopt the medical profession, and having fitted him- self for the Harvard medical school, he pursued the course of study there, and was graduated in the class of 1869. He began the practice of medicine in North Attle- borough, 1870, and continues in the same place and practice at the present time. Dr. Burden was married in North Attle- borough, June 5, 1879, to Emily, daughter of Daniel and Mary (.". (Springer) Evans. ( )f this union is one child : Frederick E. Burden. Dr. Burden was a member of the school board in 1872, and a member of the state Senate in 1884 and '85, when he served on the committee on education, was chair- man of the joint committee on public health in 1884, and a member of the Senate committee on rules in 1885. He was a member of the Republican state central committee in 1886, and its chairman in 1887 and '88. Dr. Burden enlisted in 1861 in company E., I St Rhode Island light artillery, known as the 6th Rhode Island battery. He was honorably discharged March, 1862 ; re-enlisted in June, 1862, for three months in the loth Rhode Island battery, and was mustered out by reason of expira- tion of term of service in September, 1862. He is a member of Prentiss M. Whiting Post 192, G. A. R. BURDETT, JOSEPH O., son of Joseph and Sally (Mansfield) Burdett, was born in Wakefield (then South Reading), Middle- sex county, (October 30, 1848. His early education was received in the schools of Wakefield, where he fitted for Tufts College, which he entered in 1867, graduating second in his class, notwith- standing that he was compelled to be absent from college nearly one-half of his senior year in order to earn sufficient money to meet his expenses. On his graduation he immediately com- menced the study of law in the office of BURDETT. BURGESS. 9' Judge Hammond, then city solicitor of Cambridge, and in the same year entered the Harvard law school. He was admitted to practice, upon exam- ination, at the Middlesex county bar, April 19, 1873, and during the following year practiced law with Mr. Hammond. In 1874 he removed to Hingham, where he married Ella, daughter of John K. and Joan J. Corthell, of that town, and where he has since lived. He has three children : Harold Corthell, Edith Mansfield, and Helen Ripley Burdett. In the following year he established his ofifice in Boston, where he has since con- tinued to practice law. By his industry and attention to business he has developed a very large and lucrative practice, but, although devoted to his profession, he has ever found time for many public duties as a citizen. For the last fifteen years he has been a member of the school board of Hingham, and for the last ten years he has been chairman of that bodv. He has always been interested in all public matters, JOSEPH O. BURDETT. and in everything that promotes the inter- est of his adopted town. At present he is one of the foremost among those interested in introducing electric lighting there. Mr. Burdett is also president of the Rockland Hotel Company, which owns the beautiful h when he there started on his own account as a druggist, in which line he has continued ever since, building up a trade that has placed him among the successful merchants of the city of his adoption. He was married in Lowell, December 4, 1872, to Julia A., daughter of William and Mary A. (Butterfield) Tyler. Their chil- dren are : Juliet B., William T., Edward E., Joseph W., Edith A. and Ruth Carter. Air. Carter has devoted most of his time to the prosecution of his business, and has CARTER. CARTER 105 not sought municipal or legislative honors. He consented, however, to serve as alder- man in 1888, and in 1889 he represented his city in the lower branch of the Legisla- ture, serving upon the standing House com- mittee on finance and the joint committee on expenditures. He is a member of the William North Lodge of Masons, and of the Mt. Horeb Commandery, K. T. CARTER, Franklin, son of Preserve Wood and Ruth Wells (Holmes) Carter, was born in Waterbury, New Haven county. Conn., September 30, 1837. His early education was obtained in the boarding-school of Amos Smith, New Haven. His preparatory college course was passed in Phillips Academy, Andover, where he was graduated valedictorian in the class of 1855. He entered Yale Col- lege the same year, where he remained two years, but was forced to leave by a severe hemorrhage. He traveled for three years, then entered Williams College in i860, from which he was graduated in the class of 1862. He was appointed professor of Latin and French in 1863, and after spending eight- een months in Europe, entered upon his duties in 1865. He was appointed profes- sor of the German language and literature in Yale College in 1872, held this chair for nine years, and was elected president of Williams College, Williamstown, in 1S81, which responsible and honorable position he still holds. President Carter was married in Water- bury, Conn., February 24, 1863, to Sarah Leavenworth, daughter of Charles Deni- son, and Eliza (Leavenworth) Kingsbury. Of this union were four children : Charles Frederick (1864), Alice Ruth (1865), Ed- ward Perkins (1870), and Franklin Carter, Jr. (1878). He was president of the Gospel LTnion, New Haven, three years ; is now president of the International Committee of Work for Boys ; trustee of Andover Theological Seminary ; corporate member of A. B. C. F. M. ; trustee of Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes at Northampton ; fellow of the American Academy. He received the degree of A. B. from Williams, 1862 ; A. M. from Dickinson, 1863, Williams, 1865, and Yale 1874; Ph. D. from Williams, 1877, and LL. D. from Union, 1881. He was president of the Modern Language Association of America 1884 to '86, and the first president of the Berkshire Congregational Club, an associa- tion of Congregationalists in Berkshire countv. He has been a contributor to various journals, and published an edition of the •' Iphigenia auf Tauris," in 1879. CARTER, Henry, was bom in Bridg- ton, Cumberland county, Me., in 1814. His mother, who belonged to the distin- guished Hamlin family of Maine, died when he was but two years, and his father, John Carter, when he was twelve years of age. He then lived with an uncle, his guar- dian, at Bridgton, and attended the well- known academy there, with the expectation of a collegiate course. At the age of six- teen, being informed by his guardian that the small estate left by his father was exhausted, and that the idea of a college course must be abandoned, he, without asking advice of anyone, immediately set out, on foot, for the city of Portland, forty miles distant, and found employment in the office of the " Advertiser," where he remained a year. He then went to Paris Hill, where his relative, Hannibal Hamlin, was at that time publishing the " Jeffer- sonian," and worked on that paper as a printer with Mr. Hamlin and Horatio King, now of Washington City. When Mr. Hamlin sold his interest in the paper, Mr. Carter also left and began the study of law, teaching a district school in the winter, and they were both students at law in the office of J. G. Cole, on Paris Hill, about one year. Being still desirous of obtaining a higher education, he secured, through the influ- ence of Dr. Cornelius Holland, then con- gressman for the Oxford district, an ap- pointment to the West Point Military Academy. Two years later, while at home on a furlough, an article contributed to the " Kennebec Journal " so pleased the editor of that paper that he advised Mr. Carter to resign his cadetship and engage in jour- nalism. This advice was followed, and he became, for nearly two years, a journalist at Augusta, Me., connected with the " Kennebec Journal." During these years, however, he devoted all his spare time to the study of law, and in April, 1836, was admitted to the Kennebec county bar. In June of the same year he was married to Elizabeth Jane Caldwell, of Augusta, Me., and returning to his native town, commenced the practice of his profession. In 1841 he was appointed county attorney for the county of Cumberland, by Gov- ernor Kent, and held that office until the Whigs went out of power in Maine. In 1847 he removed to Portland and took editorial charge of the "Advertiser," then the leading Whig paper in the state. io6 CARTER. CARTER In 1849 Mr. Carter was elected repre- sentative from Portland to the Legislature, and was re-elected to that office for three successive years. He was appointed by Governor Hubbard a commissioner to establish the reform school. Subsequently he was appointed by (lovernor Crosby a trustee of this institution, which office he held until his resignation on removal to Massachusetts. He was appointed judge of the municipal court of Portland, by Governor Anson P. Morrill. In 1856 he was chosen by the Republi- can members of the Legislature a clelegate- at-large to the first national Republican convention at Philadelphia,and was selected as a member of the committee on plat- form, with Francis P. Blair, Judge E. R. Hoar, of Massachusetts, and other distin- guished men. In 1857 he removed to Bradford, Mass., intending to devote himself to the practice of his profession, but during the war, tak- ing a lively interest in public affairs, he was elected one year to the House of Repre- sentatives and two years to the Senate. In HENRY CARTER 1S76 he was a delegate to the national Republican convention at Cincinnati. In 1868 he was appointed, by Governor Bullock, judge of the municipal court of the Haverhill ilistrict, which position he now holds. He is also chairman of the board of commissioners on the Iioundary que'stion between Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Judge Carter's children by his first wife are four sons : John H., Eugene, Walter, and Robert G., and two daughters : Kate and Amelia. Two of the sons, Eugene and Robert G., are graduates from \Vest Point. All of them served in the war of the rebellion. He contracted a second marriage, July 28, 1882, with Mrs. Mary F. (i)wight) Webb, of Winchester, with whom he is now living. CARTER, Solomon, oldest son of Solomon and Elizabeth (White) Carter, was born in Lancaster, Worcester county, January 19, 1816. He had three brothers ; William H., who settled in Chicago and was chairman for many years of the board of public works of that city ; George P., a prominent citizen of Cambridge, for many years chairmar^ of the board of wa- ter works, and a member of the executive council of the State — both now deceased ; and James C, a distinguished lawyer of New York City, now living. His educational training was acquired in his native town, with the exception of two terms in Master Whitney's then well-known evening school in'Harvard Place, opposite the Old South Church, in the cit)' of Boston. He served a short time as boy in a re- tail dry goods store ; afterwards an appren- tice in the drug store of Gregg cSc Hollis, and Thomas Hollis. He began a retail business in 1S39 at the \\'est End ; removed to Hanover Street, where he continued in the wholesale and retail business for about thirty years, under the style of Solomon Carter, Solomon Carter 'f the Northern Railroad, and was subse- i|uently employed on the Concord & Clare- uiont Railroad. Mr. Coffin was married in Boscawen, N. H , in 1846, to .Sallie R., daughter of John and Sallie (Gerrish) Farmer. Mr. Coffin early began to write articles for the Concord newspapers, and some of the fugitive political contributions were re-published in " Littell's Living Age." His studies led him toward scientific cul- ture, and he, as early as 1849, constructed a telegraph line between Harvard Observ- atory and Boston, by which exact and uniform time was given to the railroads running out of that city. He had charge of the construction of the telegraph fire alarm in Boston, and gave the first alarm ever given, April 29, 1852. His tastes led him into journalism, and from 1850 to 1854 he was a constant contributor to the press, sending articles to the " Boston Transcript," " Boston Journal," " Congre- gationalist," and " New York Tribune." COFFIN. COGGAN. 133 He was also a contributor to the " Student and Schoolmate." After a short time spent as assistant editor of the " Practical Farmer," he in 1854 was employed on the " Boston Jour- nal." Many of the editorials upon the Kansas and Nebraska struggle were from his pen. He was afterward on the " Atlas," but returned to the " Journal" in 1858. Upon the breaking out of the war, 1861, Mr. Coffin left the editorial chair of the " Journal " and became a correspondent in the field, writing his first letter from Balti- more, June 15, over the signature "Carle- ton." This pen name is too well known to re- quire detailed notice. He is, and ever has been, noted for his rapidity of movement, quickness of percepti(_>n, and almost uner- ring judgment. In 1866 he was writing from the seat of war between Austria and Italy. He is next found in London as correspondent during Disraeli's contest on the franchise. At the social science con- gress held in Belfast, Ireland, presided over by Lord Dufferin, he gave an address upon American common schools which was warml}' commended by the London "Times." He traveled extensively while abroad, and met many notables to become possessed of intimate knowledge of their character and aims. He finally made the tour of the world, and returned through the West in 1869. Mr. Coffin was vice-chairman of the state board of lunacy and charity, 1888- '89 ; is a member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, and Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science ; was in the Legislature of i885-'86, serving on various committees, and chair- man of the committees on education and woman suffrage. It was through his active work while in the House of Representatives that two important measures were success- fully passed — the bill making all text-books free to the pupils of the public schools, and the bill providing for the appointment of the Boston police commissioners by the governor of the state, instead of by the mayor of the city. He has published " Our New Way Round the World," "Seat of Empire," "Caleb Crinkle," "Boys of '76," "Story of Liberty," " Old Times in the Colo- nies," " Building the Nation," " Life of Garfield," "Drum-beat of the Nation," " Marching to Victory," and "Redeeming the Republic." The degree of A. M. was conferred on him by Amherst College in 1870. COGGAN, MaRCELLUS, son of Leon- ard C. and Betsy M. Coggan, was born in Bristol, Lincoln county, Maine, in 1847. Mr. Coggan followed the sea at an early age, attending a district school during the MARCELLUS COGGAN. winter terms. When sufficiently advanced, he became a student in Lincoln Academy, New Castle, Maine, where, by teaching in winter and going to sea in the summer, he was enabled to prepare himself for entering Bowdoin College, where he was graduated with honor in 1872. He filled the position of principal of Nichols Academy, Dudley, Mass., and at the same time served as a member of the school board for three years in that town. He studied law in the office of Child & Powers, Boston, being admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1881, and entered upon the practice of law in the office of the firm with whom he had studied, remaining with them till 1886, when he formed a partnership with William Schofield, under the name of Coggan & Schofield. Entering immedi- ately upon his profession, Mr. Coggan built up a lucrative practice, which has steadily increased with the firm from year to year. Mr. Coggan became a resident of Mai- den in 1879, and at once took an active part in the local benevolent and social 134 COGSWELL. COGSWELL. organizations of the city. For four years he was a member of the school committee, one year acting as chairman. In 1S84 he was an independent candidate for mayor, but was defeated by a small majority. The following year, however, he was elected mayor of that city on an inde- pendent ticket, and his official career was endorsed by a unanimous re-election the ne.xt year. Since his retirement from the office of mayor, Mr. Coggan has devoted himself exclusively to his law practice. In 1872 he was married to lAiella B., daughter of C. C. Robbins, of Bristol, Maine. They have three children : .Sum- ner, Linus Child, and Florence Lambert Coggan. COGSWELL, JOHN Draper, son of Ebenezer and Rhoda (Draper) Cogswell, JOHN D COGSWELL was born in Leicester, Worcester county. May 21, 1820. His early education was obtained in thv public schools and at Leicester Academy, He worked on a farm for five years after leaving his school life, and then learned the trade of painter. In 1850, and four years following, he conducted a general country store, after which he returned to his former occupation of house, carriage and sign painting. Mr. Cogswell was married in Winhall, Vt., September 22, 1845, to Fanny H., daughter of Job Leonard, M. D., of that town. Of this union were three children : two died in childhood ; the surviving child, Louisa Maria, married Edwin L. Watson, June 10, 1869. Mr. Cogswell was a member of the state Senate 1864, and of the House of Represen- tatives in 1855, '60, '62 and '77. He was captain of company F, 42d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, in the nine months' service, under General N. P. Banks, department of the Gulf, and was stationed at New Orleans. He has been justice of the peace since i860, and served on the board of select- men ten years. He has officiated as moder- ator at fifty-six town meetings. He has been trustee of Leicester Savings Bank since its organization. He is a member of Morning Star Lodge of Worcester, A. F. & A. M., also of Quin- sigamond Lodge No. 43, I. O. O. F., and of the G. A. R. COGSWELL, William, son of Joseph Badger and Judith (Peaslee) Cogswell, was born April i, 1821, in Atkinson, Rock- ingham county, N. H. WILLIAM COGSWELL. He studied medicine and commenced the practice of his profession March, 1845,, COGSWELL. COLBURN. 135 in Georgetown, AVliile young in medical practice he became favorably known as a physician in that region. in April, 185 I, Dr. Cogswell removed to Bradford, where he succeeded to a wide field of practice, from which his uncle, Hon. George Cogswell, M. D., who for years had been eminent in the profession, wished to retire. During the war of the Union, Dr. Cogs- well served as surgeon in the army, winning great credit for his medical and surgical knowledge and skill. He married November 29, 1855, Fanny, daughter of Edmund and Julia (Eaton) Kimball, who was born May 19, 1837, in Bradford. They have no children. In 1876 and '77 Dr. Cogswell was the president of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and in 1877 he was a member of the executive counci-1 of Governor Ale.x- ander H. Rice. His qualities are those of a free and generous nature. He is large-hearted, frank, social and popular. He has com- manded for many years a lucrative practice in Bradford, Haverhill and vicinity, and is highly esteemed for his ability and pro- fessional services. COGSWELL, WILLIAM, son of Cieorge and Abigail (Parker) Cogswell, was born in Bradford, Essex countv, August 23, 1838. He was educated in the schools of Brad- ford, Atkinson Academy, N. H., Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N. H., Phillips Academy, Andover, and Dartmouth Col- lege, which latter institution he entered in 1855. He did not finish his course at Dart- mouth, but went to sea before the mast, sailing round the world. On his return he entered the Dane law school. Harvard University, from which he was graduated in i860. He at once opened a law office in Salem, and in 1866 he opened another office in Boston, and has remained in active practice up to the present time. Mr. Cogswell was first married in Haver- hill, June 20, 1855, to Emma Thorndike, daughter of Thorndike and Emma (Silsby) Proctor. Of this union were three chil- dren : William, Emma Silsby and Sarah Parker Cogswell (deceased). Mrs. Cogs- well died April I, 1S77. Mr. Cogswell was married again in Salem, December 12, 18S1, to Eva Maria, daughter of Horatio Gates and Lydia (Carter) Davis. His military record from April, 1S61, to July 25, 1865, is one unbroken series of earned promotion. He was first captain, then lieutenant -colonel, and colonel, 2d regiment Massachusetts volunteers, and finally brevet brigadier -general United States volunteers, and by special order of the war department he was assigned to the command of the 3d brigade, 3d divis- ion, 20th army corps. He had two years of .service in the army of the Potomac, and two more in the western army under (ienerals Thomas and Sherman. He was commandant of Atlanta, Ga., while it was held by the Union troops in the fall of 1864, and he participated in the famous march " from Atlanta to the sea." He was mayor of Salem, 1867, '68 and '69, and 1873 and '74; member of the House of Representatives 1870, '71, '81, '82, and '83 ; and of the state Senate 1885 and '86 ; was department commander of Massachusetts G. A. R., 1870, and also on national staff of G. A. R.; charter mem- ber and vice-commander Military Order of the Loyal Legion, commandery of ]\Lassa- chusetts ; member of board of advisers of the Children's Friend and Seamen's Orphan Society, Salem. General Cogswell was elected in 1886 to the 50th United States Congress, and served on the committee on rivers and har- bors, and re-elected to the 51st Congress in 1888, where he performed conspicuous service, alike creditable to himself and highly satisfactory to his native State. COLBURN, HOWARD, son of Thatcher and Hittie (Cleveland) Colburn, was born in the West Parish in Dedham, Norfolk county, December 4, 1838. He was the youngest of five sons, the oldest being the late Hon. Waldo Colburn, one of the justices of the supreme court of the Com- monwealth. He traces his ancestry in this country to Nathaniel Colburn, who emi- grated from England, August 11, 1637, and received a grant of land in the town of Dedham. The record of his admission into the Dedham church reads as follows ; " Nathaniel Colburn was received into ye church after long & much inquisition into his case, 29th of ye iim., 1640." Here he lived until his death. May 14, 169 1. The line of descent is as follows: Samuel, son of Nathaniel, born January 25, 1654 ; Ephraim, born November 5, 1687 ; Ephraim, born December 31, 1716; Icha- bod, born February 26, 1754 ; and Thatch- er, born February 20, 1787, who married Hittie Cleveland, June, 1823. Mr. Colburn was educated in the public schools of his native town and at Williston Seminary, Easthampton. In his early days he might have been stvled a farmer, like his ancestors, but his public duties have of 136 COLBURN. COLBURN. late years taken him away from the plow and the scythe. Since 1872 he has held the office of selectman of the town, and for a number of years he has been chairman of the board, and during most of the same period he has also been a member of the boards of assessors and overseers of the poor. He has also for a number of years been a deputy sheriff of Norfolk county. The confidence of his friends and neighbors in his integrity and ability is further attested by the fact that he is frequently called upon to act as trustee and e.xecutor of estates. He is one of the directors of the National Bank, and trustee of the Savings Bank, and a director in both the Norfolk and Dedham Mutual Fire Insurance companies, all in Dedham, and also the treasurer of the latter company. Mr. Colburn was never married, and has always resided at the old homestead in his native town. COLBURN, Jeremiah, son of Calvin and Catharine Sibyl (Lakin) Colburn, was born in Boston, January 12, 1815. He received his education at the May- hew and Derne Street schools, from which he was graduated in 1830,10 enter mercan- tile life. In J 840 he began business for himself as a dealer in hats, furs, etc., at Boston, where he continued till 1852, when President Pierce appointed him an appraiser in the Boston custom house. Here he remained through two administrations. He has since been engaged in literary pursuits. At the age of fifteen he began the collection of rare coins — afterwards extending his field to that of medals, min- erals and shells, and subsequently to auto- graphs, manuscript.s, portraits and engrav- ings, colonial and continental money, paper tokens, bank notes, and even coun- terfeits and bills of broken banks — this last at the suggestion of Jacob G. Morris of Phil- adelphia (1839), who was of the belief that the end of paper money was near, and as the representative of bills they would be a curiosity. In this department of arts Mr. Colburn has achieved a notable success, especially in Americana, wherein his coins and medals have been of the rarest, finest and earliest, and his pamphlets and books relating to American history, as well as his autographs and manuscripts, have been especially valuable. Important data relat- ing to historical events have been settled on the authority of this wreckage, saved from the ruin and remorseless decay of time Mr. Colburn was an early member of the New England Historic Genealogical So- ciety ; has served as chairman of its various committees, and is a member of the present committee of publication. In 1858 he was one of the founders of the Prince Society ; has served in its coun- cil and held the office of treasurer ; its first volume, " Wood's New England's Pros- pect," was issued under his supervision. In i860 he originated the Boston Numismatic Society, of which he was vice-president till 1885, since which time he has been its president, also one of the editors of the "American Journal of Numismatics." He JEREMIAH COLBURN was one of the founders of the Boston An- tiquarian Club, which in 1882 became the Bostonian Society, to which the city has entrusted the custody and control of the old state-house. Besides his contributions to various magazines and reviews, Mr. Colburn has compiled and published the bibliography of the local history of Massachusetts, which he proposes to re-issue with revision and extension to date of publication. In 1869 Williams College conferred the degree of A. M. upon Mr. Colburn, who, in addition to the Boston societies named, is a member of the Essex Institute, and of the historical societies of New York, Vir- comY. COLLINS. 137 ginia, New Hampshire, Wisconsin, Dela- ware, Pennsylvania and the Western Re- serve ; also of the Societe Numisviatique of Brussels, and the Institute Canadian of Ottawa. Mr. Colburn was married in 1846 to Eliza Ann, daughter of John and Eliza Taylor (Pollard) Blackman, of Boston. His residence is Longwood, Brookline. COLBY, JOHN Freeman, son of John and Mary Huse (Holt) Colby, was born March 3, 1834, on his father's farm, in that part of Society Land which afterwards be- came a part of the town of Bennington, Hillsborough county, N. H. His early opportunities for education were few and small, but he had a strong thirst for knowledge, which his father en- couraged. By the death of his father, he was early thrown upon his own resources. By industry and economy, he saved enough to secure two terms of schooling, and at the age of seventeen taught his first school. He fitted for college at Mount Vernon and Reed's Ferry, N. H., and as a private pupil of the late Hon. George Stevens, of Lowell, and entered Dartmouth in 1855. He took the broad, liberal college course of that time ; he taught school every winter ; he learned books as a librarian for three years in one of the college libraries. Upon his graduation in 1859, a place was waiting for him, and he became prin- cipal of the Stetson high school, at Ran- dolph, Mass. Distinction and promotion continued to open to him as a teacher, and tempting business offers were urged upon him. But he decided to devote himself to the legal profession, and accordingly, in 1864, he moved to Boston and entered the offices of Hon. Ambrose A. Ranney and Nathan Morse. In December, 1865, after less than two years of study, on ex- amination, he was admitted to the Suffolk bar, and has continued in general practice, a conscientious and faithful attorney, and an able advocate, with a lofty conception of the dignity of the profession and an enthusiasm for it which never fails. For the most part Mr. Colby has re- sisted political preferment, but he occupied a seat in the common council of the city of Boston in iSyS-'g, serving on the judici- ary and other important committees, and in 1886 he was elected representative to the Legislature for the i8th Suffolk dis- trict. He was made House chairman of the joint committee on harbors and public lands, and a member of the joint com- mittee on parishes and religious societies. He was re-elected to the Legislature in No- vember, 1887, and served on the judiciary committee, also on the committee on parishes and religious societies. Mr. Colby's religious convictions ma- tured while he was a student at the Merri- mack Normal Institute, Reed's Ferry, and he joined the Congregational church at Mount Vernon in 1854, since which time he has been actively engaged in Christian work. When he moved to Boston, he con- nected himself first with the Mount Vernon church, under the ministry successivelv of Rev. E. N. Kirk, D. D., and Rev. S'. E. Herrick, D. D., where he became promi- nent in all the affairs of the parish, being a teacher and superintendent in the Sun- day-school, clerk and treasurer of the church, a member of the examining com- mittee, and treasurer of the society. The office of deacon, to which he was elected, he declined. Since 1884 he has been con- nected with the LInion church, of which the Rev. Nehemiah Boynton is pastor. He is also an officer of the Congregational Club, and active in several benevolent organizations. Devoting himself with great ardor to his profession, Mr. Colby, as a rule, has avoided business responsibilities, but he served as receiver of the Mechanics' Bank, after its failure in 1877, and has been for several years one of the trustees of the North End Savings Bank. He also com- bines business with pleasure in the man- agement of the farm connected with his summer home in Mount Vernon, N. H. COLLINS, Michael Henry, son of Walter and Annie Elizabeth (Lewis) Collins, was born in Quebec, September 28, 1822. His parents were born in London, England. .•\t the age of two years he went with them to Philadelphia, where he received his early education in private and public schools. His first connection in business was in glass-making, and afterward in engineer- ing and as a general inventor. Mr. Collins was married in 1847 to Eliz- abeth, daughter of Captain John and Elizabeth (Erskine) McNear. Of this union is one child : Florence Elizabeth, wife of Frederic F. Clark. He married his present wife, Frances, daughter of Captain Thomas and Katherine (Light) Boyd, in Wiscasset, Maine, October 4, 1855. They have two children by adoption : William Francis and Blanche Collins. Mr. Collins, after living for a time in Chelsea, removed to East Medwa)', now Millis, in 1874, where he now resides. He is a man original in his ideas, of indomi- 1.^,8 COLLINS. COLLINS. table perseverance; diffuses life and energy wherever he goes, and has done much toward improving the town of his adoption. He is the patentee of many useful inven- MICHAEL H, COLLINS. tions — one, iji connection with Joseph Hurd, of Maiden, the discovery of the pro- cess of manufacturing granulated sugar ; others are the famous lozenge machine, superseding hand power; a ventilator for public buildings ; a quartz crusher, which proved invaluable to miners in past years; the lamp burner and chimney known as the " Sun-burner " and " Sun-chimney " for the use of kerosene. Various experiments made by Mr. Collins at last brought them to a state of perfection that revolutionized the entire market, and to his years in experi- menting is due the present state of perfec- tion in the coal oil illuminating appliances. At tlie time he marketed his " Sun-burner," the use of kerosene was diminishing, on account of the non-combustion of carbon, and heating of burners and chimneys, inci- dental to the use of crude burners in use. His inventions gave an impetus to its use that has gone on increasing to the present time. One of the chief features of this invention is that it is so constructed as to prevent explosions, thereby saving life and property. The leading makers in the countrv realized fortunes in the manufac- ture of these burners, and immense sums were expended in protecting this now uni- versally used and valuable invention from various infringements. Mr. CoUins's last and greatest invention is the " Echolin," a musical instrument in the violin class. After forty years of experimenting, and gleaning experimental knowledge both in this country and Europe, Mr. Collins has perfected an instrument that is claimed to excel any other of its class in richness of tone and depth of volume. He is liberally read in mechanics, chem- istry and medicine, being a graduate from several medical schools. COLLINS, Patrick A., was born in Fermoy, county of Cork, Ireland, March 12, 1S44. He came to the United States in 1848 and settled in Chelsea, where he received a common school education. He worked at the upholstery trade for eight years, giving his leisure hours to study. He entered Harvard law school in 1868, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in the city of Boston, 187 1, where he has continued in the practice of his profession ever since. In 1 868 and '69 he was a member of the House of Representatives, and in 1870-71 a state senator. In 1875 he was judge- advocate-general of the Commonwealth. Mr. Collins was elected delegate-at-large from Massachusetts to the national Dem- ocratic conventions in 1876, '80 and '88, and was elected president of the national Democratic convention of 1888, held at St. Louis. In 1882 he was elected to Congress, and has been twice re-elected. Mr. Collins was one of the secretaries of the Fenian congress held in Philadel|ihia, in 1865, and has been an active member of the land and national leagues since their establishment. He was chosen president of the Irish National Land League at the convention held in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1884, and served something more than a year, declining a re-election. He has been chair- man of the Massachusetts Democratic state committee since 1884. Mr. Collins was married July i, 1S73, at Boston, to Mary E. Carey. Of this union are three children : Agnes, Marie and Paul. A natural-born leader of men, it has not taken Mr. Collins long to secure from time to time legitimate positions of honor and power. A brilliant debater, a forcible and eloquent speaker, a rapid thinker, and giftetl with a thoroughly equipped and well balanced mind, he stands a conspicuous example of what a fine graft can be made CONANT. CONANT. 139 of Irish and American stock. Mr. Collins has certainly contributed his share to keep the state of his atioption well in the van of progressive, liberal and intelligent life. CONANT, Chester Cook, son of Col. Jonathan and Clarissa (I)imick) Co- nant, was born in Lyme, Grafton county, N. H., September 4, 1831. He was educated in the common schools, Thetford Academy, Vt., and Dartmouth College, from which latter he was gradu- ated with honor in the class of TS57. While pursuing his college course he sup- ported himself in part by teaching, working during vacations. He was graduated from the Albany law school in 1859, and was ad- mitted to the New York, and also the Massachusetts bar the same year. He then formed a partnership with Judge David Aiken, at Greenfield, Mass., the firm name being Aiken & Conant. He continued these relations several years ; afterward was for three or four years a partner with Edward E. Lyman ; practiced alone till 1878, when, admitting Samuel D. ''9' 11?? CHESTER C CONANT. Conant, a nephew, as partner, the business has since been conducted under the firm name of Conant & Conant. He has been admitted to practice in the United States supreme court at Washing- ton, and has practiced in said court. Mr. Conant was married in Portland, Me., June 14, i860, to Sarah E., daughter of Rev. Roger S. Howard, I). D., and Martha (Pike) Howard. Of this union are two daughters : Charlotte Howard, and Martha Pike Conant. Mr. Conant was register of probate, Franklin county, from 1863 to October, 1870, when he was appointed judge of probate and insolvency for Franklin coun- ty, an office he still holds. Judge Conant was for years a member of the school board. In 1884 he was delegate to the national Republican convention, held at Chicago, and in 1888 was presiden- tial elector on the Republican ticket, and voted for President Harrison. For several years he was secretary of the Greenfield Library Association — is now trustee ; a director in the Franklin County National Bank twelve years ; one of the original incorporators of the Green- field Savings Bank in 1869, its first and only secretary, and has been its attorney and trustee to the present time. He was elected its vice-president in 1889. He is an Episcopalian, a vestryman of the church, and is usually a delegate to the annual diocesan convention ; for over twenty years he has been superintendent of the Sunday-school. Before entering his profession he learned of his father the trades of carpenter and builder, and cabinet-maker, and was called a skilled workman. Judge Conant is a lineal descendant in the eighth generation from the Pilgrim, Roger Conant, who landed in .America in 1623, and who built the first house in Sa- lem. He is also a lineal descendant of Mary Chilton, the first woman to set foot on Plymouth Rock at the landing of the Pil- grim Fathers. CONANT, Nelson B., son of Francis and Sophia (Goldsmith) Conant, was born in Acton, Middlesex county, December 6, He received his early training in the public schools, which was supplemented by attendance at Lawrence Academy, (iroton. He began mercantile life for himself in Littleton, 1868. In 1874 he went into the wholesale produce business in Boston, where he remained two years. He after- wards located in Acton, and later removed to Littleton, where he still continues in business. Mr. Conant was married in Littleton, April 29, 1874, to Frances W., daughter of George W. and Atlanta (.C.erry) Tuttle. 140 CONVERSE. CONVERSE. Of this union was one child : ^^'allace B. Conant. Mr. Conant's second marriage took place in East Hardwick, Vt., with Harriette W. Adgate of that town, Octo- ber I, 1885. Mr. Conant served eight years as select- man, three of which he was chairman of the board. He was for four years trustee and treasurer of the " Reuben Hoar " libra- ry. He has been trustee of the North Middlesex Savings Bank, located at Ayer, from its incorporation to the present time. In the fall of 1888 he was elected repre- sentative to the Legislature from the 30th Middlesex district, serving as a member of the committee on public charitable insti- tutions. CONVERSE, Edmund Winchester, son of Rev. James and Charlotte (White) Converse, was born in WeathersfieId,^Vind- sor county, Vt., June 12, 1825. He ob- tained his education in the public schools of his native town and in the academy at Meriden, N. H. He entered the store of Ammidown & Converse as clerk, at seventeen years of age. Subsequently he became successivelj^ a partner in the following firms : Blanch- ard, Converse & Co.; Converse, Harding & Co.; Harding, Converse, Gray & Co., and Converse, Taylor & Co., all of which were dry-goods importing and jobbing houses, Boston. He is now in the .same business, in the house of Converse, Stan- ton & Cullen, Boston and New York. Mr. Converse was married in Boston, May II, 1854, to Charlotte Augusta (Shep- herd) Albree, daughter of George and Charlotte (Saunders) Shepherd. Of this union were seven children ; Edmund Win- chester, Jr., Ellen M., Charlotte, Margaret, Charles Henry, James and Frederick Shep- herd Converse. Mr. Converse is director in the follow- ing corporations : .'Etna Mills, National City Bank, Boston ; National Tube Works Company, McKeesport, Pa., and Pueblo Smelting & Refining Company. He is president of the Conanicut Mills, Fall River ; trustee of the Newton Cottage Hospital ; was a member of the state drain- age and sewerage commission ; is chairman of the school board and trustee of the free library in the city of Newton, where he lives to enjoy the fruits of an honored and successful career. CONVERSE, Elisha SlADE, son of Eiisha and Betsey (Wheaton) Converse, was born in Needham, Norfolk county, July 28, 1820. He availed himself of the advantages of a common school education. His first entrance into business life was in a clothing store in Thompson, Conn., April I, 1839. In 1S44 he made a change to the shoe and leather business, in which he remained till 1853, when he became the treasurer and manager of the Boston Rubber Shoe Company, which office he still holds. Mr. Converse was married in Thompson, Conn., September 4, 1843, to Mary I)., daughter of Hosea and Ursula (Burgess) Edmands. Of this union were four chil- dren : Frank E., Mary Ida, Harry E., and Frances Eugenie Converse. ELISHA S. CONVERSE. Mr. Converse has served the Common- wealth two years in the House (.1878 and '79), and two years in the Senate (1880 and '81). Standing as he did, so high in the esteem of all of his fellow-citizens, he was by universal acclaim awarded the honor of serving as the first mayor of the city when the old town of Maiden accepted the city charter in 1881. He is president of the First National Bank of Maiden ; president of the Boston Belting Company, director of the Revere Rubber Company, and of the Exchange National Bank, Boston ; president of the Rubber Manufacturers' Mutual Insurance COOK. COOKE. 141 Company ; trustee of Wellesley College, and also of the Boston Five Cents Savings Bank. Mr. Converse is a successful business man, active in thought, indefatigable in work, conservative in method. His church connections are with the First Baptist society of Maiden. His private benefac- tions are as many and judiciously placed, as his public bequests are frequent and wisely bestowed. He is a loyal citizen, and has done probably more than any other resident of Maiden to increase its attractions and to promote its prosperity, his last and crowning gift being the mag- nificent library recently erected by his generous hand. COOK, Joseph, was born in Ticon- deroga, Esse.\ county, N. Y., January 26, 1838. His early training was at Phillips Academy, Andover, under the celebrated classical teacher. Dr. Samuel H. Taylor. He entered Yale College in 1858, but his health having become impaired, he left col- lege early in 1861. He entered Harvard College as a junior in 1863, and was grad- uated in 1S65, with honor. He then en- tered Andover Theological Seminary, and went through the three years' course. He added to this a fourth year at Andover, for special study of advanced religious and philosophical thought. He was licensed to preach, and has done so to some extent, but was not ordained. He was acting pas- tor of the First Congregational church in Lynn in 187 1. In September, 187 1, he went abroad for two years, and studied at Halle, Leipzig, Berlin and Heidelberg, un- der the directions of Tholuck, Julius Miiller, Dorner and Kuno Firchen. He then traveled in Italy, Egypt, Syria, Greece, Turke}^ and other countries in Europe. Returning to the United States at the close of 1873, he took up his residence in Boston, and in 1874 entered upon his spe- cial work as a lecturer on the relations of religion and science. His present vocation is lecturer and author, residing in Boston. He was married in New Haven, Conn., June 30, 1877, to Georgie Hemingway. Mr. Cook is a member of the Victoria Institute, London, and the American Insti- tute of Philosophy, New York City. He was Chautauqua lecturer five years, be- tween 1877 and 1888, and appeared in the same capacity before several theo- logical seminaries. He has conducted the Boston Monday Lecture for fourteen years, with great audiences at noon, on a week-day. He has also made extensive lec- ture tours for fifteen years. In 1880, '81, and '82, Mr. Cook, accompanied by his wife, made a lecturing tour of the world. In all the great cities visited there were immense audiences. During the two years and sev- enty-seven days occupied by Mr. Cook's journey around the world, he spoke oftener than every other working-day while on the land. Mr. Cook made one hundred and thirty- five public appearances in the British Islands. Of these, thirty-nine were in Scotland, thirteen in Ireland, and eighty- three in England and Wales. After spending some months in Germany and Italy, Mr. Cook went, by the way of Greece, Palestine, and Egypt, to India, where he arrived on the fifth of January, 1882, and where he spent about three months. During this period he lectured in Bombay, Poonah, Ahmednuggur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Benares (the headquarters of Hindooism), Calcutta, Madras, Bangalore, etc., to large, intelligent, and appreciative audiences, composed of both Europeans and natives. From India, Mr. Cook's tour extended to China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and the Sandwich Islands. In Australasia, in the winter of the southern hemisphere, from July to Octo- ber, 1882, Mr. Cook gave long courses of lectures to brilliant, crowded., and enthusi- astic assemblies, in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane, and other leading towns. His eleven volumes of Boston Monday Lectures, published by Houghton, Mifflin &: Co., have appeared in thirteen different foreign editions. In 1888 he founded " Our Day," a monthly record and review of cur- rent reform, with Miss Willard, ex-presi- dent Cyrus Hamlin, and other specialists as associate editors. COOKE, George Phelps, son of Albert Andrew and Maria Fidelia (Talbot) Cooke, was born in Oxford, Worcester county, October 28, 1849. His usual common school preparation was passed, and he entered Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, and subsequently the Harvard dental and medical college. He began the practice of dentistry in Milford, his present residence, in i86g, in which profession he .still continues. Dr. Cooke was married in Medway, December 27, 1883, to Marianna, daugh- ter of William A. and Adelia E. (Crooks) Jenckes. Of this union are two children : Allan Jenckes and Guenn Cooke. Dr. Cooke is president of the Quidnunc Association ; vice-president of the Co-oper- 142 COOKE. COOLIDGE. ative Bank, having been prominently iden- tified with its incorporation. He is a leading member of the Milford Business Men's Association; was connected GEORGE P. COOKE. with the militia for a number of years, and is chairman of -the Democratic town and senatorial district committee. While always taking a lively interest in the politics of the State, he has uniformly refused to be a candidate for office, though he has done much to shape the local policy of his party. Ever since he has been a resident of Milford, he has com- manded a flourishing practice in his pro- fession. COOKE, JosiAH Parsons, son of Josiah Parsons and Mary (Pratt) Cooke, was born in Boston, October 12, 1S27. He received his early education at the Boston Latin school, and was graduated from Harvard in 1848. During the next year he became tutor in mathematics, sub- sequently instructor in chemistry, and in 1850, Erving professor of chemistry and mineralogy. Professor Cooke was the first to introduce laboratory instruction into the undergrad- uate course of an American college, and has successfully labored to render the in- ductive methods of experimental science a legitimate means of liberal culture, not only in the college, but also in the prepara- tory school. Professor Cooke's work has been largely that of instruction, and in addition to his duties at Harvard, he has given courses of popular lectures in New York, Baltimore, Brooklyn, Lowell, Washington, and Wor- cester, and six courses at the Lowell Listitute, Boston. As director of the chemical laboratory of Harvard Col- lege, he has published numerous contri- butions to chemical science, most of which have been collected in a volume entitled " Chemical and Physical Researches " (1881). The investigation of the atomic weight of antimony (1880) was one of the most brilliant and perfect pieces of chemical work ever executed in this country. He has been editorially connected with the " American Journal of Science," and the " Proceedings of the American Academy of Sciences and Arts." His " New Chem- istry " was the earliest exposition of the principles of molecular chemistry. Pro- fessor Cooke is a member of many scien- tific societies. In 1872 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. He is an honorary fellow of the London Chemical Society. In 1882 he received the degree of LL. D. from the University of Cambridge, England, and in 1889 the same degree from Harvard. His published works include "Chemical Problems and Researches" (Cambridge, 1857); "Ele- ments of Chemical Physics " (Boston, i860): "First Principles of Chemical Philosophy " (1882, revised edition); " The New Chemistry" (New- York, 1872, re- vised, 1884); "Fundamental Principles of Chemistry " (Cambridge, 1886); " Religion and Chemistry" (New York, 1864); "Sci- entific Culture and Other Essays" (New York, 1881, with additions, 1885); "The Credentials of Science, the Warrant of Faith" (New York, 1888). He was married at Lowell, February 6, i860, to Mary Hinckley, daughter of Elisha and Flannah (Hinckley) Hunting- ton. Mr. Huntington was at one time mayor of Lowell, and at another lieuten- ant-governor of the State. COOLIDGE, TIMOTHY Augustus, son of \\'illiam and Ann (Leighton) Cool- idge, was born in Natick, ^Iiddlesex county, June 25, 1827. The district school bestowed upon him an elementary education, and beyond this he has depended entirely upon his percep- tive faculties, studying from the world about him. COOLIDGE. CORCORAN. 143 His father was a shoemaker in a small way, and as he was one of seven children, he was obliged very early in life to provide for his own support. Until he was twenty years old, he worked in the shop with his father, with the exception of three months, when, as a lad of thirteen years, he " pejrged " for Henry Wilson — afterward United States senator and vice-president. Ever since his twentieth year, Mr. Coolidge has been a growing shoe manufacturer, at first doing most of the work himself, now giving employment to hundreds of people. From 1848 to '58 he manufactured shoes in Concord, and from 1858 to the present time, has conducted a manufactory in Marlborough. On the 17th of October, 184S, he was married, in Concord, to Sarah B., daughter of Abel and Rebecca (Lewis) Davis, their only child being Malissa A. Coolidge. In September, 1854, he married his second wife, ^laria H., daughter of Thomas Davis. In financial affairs he has gained a sub- stantial reputation as self-reliant, cautious, firm and just. Politically he has followed the lead of his earlv emplover, Henry ^1^ TIMOTHY A COOLIDGE. Wilson. Socially he has been found en- thusiastic in every department, and holds high Masonic orders (32°). He has also been actively identified with several phil- anthropic societies; is an active temperance man, and a valuable member of the Farm- ers' &: Mechanics' Club and the Board of Trade. He is a trustee of the Marl- borough Savings Bank and was a director in, and is also vice-president of, the First National Bank of Alarlborough. He is a justice of the peace, and has been a mem- ber of the board of selectmen eight years, chairman four years, and in 1880 and '81 was elected to represent the 32d Middlesex district in the Legislature. COPELAND, HORATIO FRANKLIN, son of Horatio and Delia (Nye) Copeland, was born in Easton, Bristol county, November 15, 1842. He is a lineal descendant of Lawrence Copeland, who came to this country from England in early colonial days, married Lydia Townsend, and died in 1699, and who is said to have arrived at the age of one hundred and ten years. Mr. Copeland was fitted for college at Thetford (\'t.) Academy, and after study- ing medicine with Dr. Caleb Swan of Eas- ton, attended Harvard medical college, Vv'here he was graduated in 1865. His country needing his services, he received his degree in advance of his regular graduation, and at once (January, 1865) tookthe position of acting assistant-surgeon in the United States service, and was placed in charge of the Post Hospital at Bermuda Hundred, and of the small-pox hospital located at that place. He remained at his post until June of that year, when he returned to Massachusetts, and located in the practice of his profession at South .\bington (now Whitman), where he has since been constantly and successfully engaged. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and has devoted himself untiringly to his profession, endeavoring to keep in the front rank of the progressive school of practice. Dr. Copeland has taken a keen interest in free masonry. He is a member of Puri- tan Lodge, Pilgrim Chapter, Old Colony Commandery, and Abington Council ; was pre.siding officer of the last named body for four years. He is a member of Post No. 78, G. A. R., and is a Republican in politics. CORCORAN, JOHN W., .son of James and Catherine Corcoran, was born June 14, 1853, at Batavia, Monroe county, N. Y. His early education was obtained in the public schools of Clinton, Mass. He after- wards pursued his studies in Holy Cross College, Worcester, St. John's University, 144 CORCORAN. CORSE. New York City, and the Boston Univer- sity law school. He began the practice of law in Clinton, June, 1875, and later on formed a co-part- nership with Herbert Parker. He was also a member of the law firm of Corcoran & Walsh from 1882 until the death of Mr. Walsh, in August, 1887. He is still in practice in Clinton, and associated with Mr. Parker. Mr. Corcoran was married in Boston April 28, i88i,to Margaret J., daughter of Patrick and Mary McDonald. Of this union are two daughters and one son : Mary Gertrude, Alice, and John Corco- ran. Mr. Corcoran was a member of the school committee of Clinton for thirteen years, and is now its chairman. He has been a member of the board of water com- missioners since its organization, 1S81. He has been town solicitor of Clinton since the creation of the office, in 1883. He was delegate to the national Democratic con- ventions in 1884 and in 1888, and in the latter year acted as chairman of the dele- gation, and has been a member of the Democratic state committee since 1883, which position he still holds, being vice- chairman of that body. He was president of the Clinton board of trade iSS6-'87. Mr. Corcoran was candidate for senator in iSSo, for district-attorney of Worcester county 1883 and '84, for attorney-general of .Massachusetts in iS86-'87,and for lieu- tenant-governor in i888-'89 — all on the Democratic ticket. He was appointed receiver of the Lancaster National Bank of Clinton, January 20, 18S6, by the comptrol- ler of the currency of the United States, and still holds that position. CORSE, JOHN Murray, son of John L. and Sarah (Murray) Corse, was born in Pittsburg, Allegheny county, Pa., .-Xpril 27, 1835. His ancestors, of Huguenot lineage, came to Virginia about a hundred years be- fore his birth. He was educated in the public schools of St. Louis, Mo., and Burlington, la., and entered West Point in 1853. On graduating, he resigned, and took a course in the .\lbany law school. In 1 86 1 he was appointed major of the 6th Iowa infantry. Pie afterwards joined the staff of General John Pope, with the rank of judge-advocate-general, and later that of inspector-general. In this capacity he went through the New Madrid and Island No. 10 campaigns, and the battle of Shiloh. Having been promoted to lieu- tenant-colonel of the 6th Iowa infantry, he joined Sherman, with his regiment, and participated in the sieges of Corinth and Memphis, and the Mississippi campaign. Lor gallantry in the assault on Jackson, as colonel of his regiment, he was com- missioned brigadier-general. His next promotion was to the command of the 4th division, 15th army corps, which body he took to Chattanooga, via Memphis. While leading an assaulting column of Sherman's men at Mission Ridge, he had his leg broken by a shell, and was carried from the field. After recovery from his wound, he joined General Sherman, became a member of his staff, and with him marched "from Atlanta to the sea." Lor his notable bravery at Allatoona Pass, General Corse was made major-gen- eral, a promotion well merited and nobly earned. With comparatively a handful of men within the works, he repelled for hours the fiercest assaults of overwhelming num- bers, and sustained one of the hottest, most deadly artillery fires experienced dur- ing the war. Expecting relief, he doggedly refused to surrender. Wounded, worn down by fatigue, and in the centre of that murderous fire, he eagerly watched for the signal " Hold the Lort " from the tardily approaching relief column that came at last, and with it the inspiration that has since been caught up in song by millions CORSEK COWLEY. '45 of his countrymen who are ignorant of its origin. General Corse's war record is an enviable one, and the same courage displayed in the field has since characterized his walks in civil and political life. JOHN M. CORSE, General Corse was appointed collector of internal revenue by President Johnson in 1867. In 1869 he went abroad and spent several years in Europe. His only con- nection in business interests was in Chicago, as constructor of railroads and harbors. He was appointed by President Cleveland, postmaster of Boston, October 8, 18S6, in jilace of Edward S. Tobey. This position he still holds, and by his executive ability has won the commendation of the public, irrespective of party. Mr. Corse was first married in December, 1S56, to Ellen Edwards, daughter of Kim- ball and Ellen (Pray) Prince. Of this union is one son, an only child — now cashier of the Chicago, Santa Fe & California Railroad. His second marriage occurred in 1883, with Frances, niece of President Pierce, and daughter of John and C. (M.) McNeil. CORSER, Charles A., sonof P>enja- niin and Sarah (Gove) Corser, was born in Lyndon, Caledonia county, \'t., September 2t, 1833. The common schools furnished his early education. His first connection in business was in Charlestown, N. H., 1861, in the retail boot and shoe business. He came to Holyoke in 1863 and opened up the same line of business. He was member of the board of selectmen and of health, Holyoke, from 1869 to '71 ; member of the House of Representatives, 1871 ; elected to the Senate 1880 and '81 ; member of the board of aldermen, 1881. His church connections are with the Baptist society, Holyoke — has been its Sabbath-schooi superintendent two years. He has traveled e.xtensively in the West, Lower California and up the Pacific coast, in 1871 and '77. Mr. Corser was married in Charlestown, N. H., November 2, 1858, to Isabel S., daughter of Cephas and Hansey (Hyland) Isham. He was married again in Holyoke, May, 1868, to Arabell t. White. His children are: Theressa L, Charles B., Lilian H., and Rachel H. Corser. COWLEY, Charles, son of Aaron and Hannah (Price) Cowley, was born at Eastington, Gloucestershire, England, Jan- uary 9, 1832. His father was a manufac- turer of carpets, who, on coming to Massa- chusetts, established and carried on carpet factories at Woburn and Lowell. Mr. Cowley was educated in the public schools of I>owell and by tutors in advanced •Studies. He early commenced writing for the public press of Lowell, and at the age of twenty assumed the editorial manage- ment of the " Lowell Daily Courier." His ambition led him to abandon this situation and enter upon the study of law under Judge J. G. Abbott. In ^iay, 1856, he was admitted to the Middlesex bar, and opened an office in Lowell, where, and in Boston, he has prac- ticed his profession with success. In 1 86 1, at the outbreak of the civil war, Mr. Cowley was elected captain of the Wamesit Rifles, a newly organized com- pany in Lowell, but finding himself physi- cally unequal to the long marches of mili- tary service he resigned that position and entered the navy, where he was assigned to duty as paymaster at the Brooklyn (N.Y.) navy-yard, under Rear-Admiral Paulding. Next, he served in the same capacity on the " Lehigh," one of the " Monitor " fleet which essayed the bombardment of the defenses of' Charleston, S. C. Thence he was transferred to the staff of Admiral Dahlgren, where, as judge-advocate, fleet judge, provost judge and revising officer of the naval courts of the South Atlantic 146 COWLEY. CRANE. squadron, he continued till the close of the war. His naval career was eminently creditable. Though actively engaged in his profes- sion, Judge Cowley has been an occasional contributor to the Boston and Lowell press, and has found time for several his- torical and literary works, which have been well received. His " History of Lowell " was published in 1S68 ; " P'amous Divorces of'.All .\ges," in 1S78 ; "Historical Sketch of .Middlese.K County," in the " Middlesex County Manual," in 1878; "Leaves from a Lawyer's Life Afloat and Ashore," in 1879; "Our Divorce Courts," in 1879; and " Reminiscences of James C. Ayer and the Town of .^yer," in 1879. Mr. Cowley has served as member of the Lowell city government, of its school com- mittee and other executive boards ; has twice been a candidate for the attorney- generalship of Massachusetts — the last time on the ticket headed by Wendell Phillips in 1870. Mr. Cowley's chief honors have been earned as a reformer. He was a zealous advocate of the passage of the " Ten Hour -lARLES COWLEY. Law," and was its champion before joint special committees of the Legislatures of 1869, '71 and other years. He drafted the charter of the grand lodge of the Order of the Knights of St. Crispin ; subsecjuently he successfully defended the .same before the supreme court (Mass. Reports, 113; 179), and was largely instrumental in organizing the Bureau of Labor. He has also borne an active part in the reformation of the divorce laws. Mr. Cowley is a member of various chari- table orders and associations, but has been especially prominent in the order of the Knights of Pythias, for which he has writ- ten " Life Legends of Damon and Pythias ; " he has been at the head of the order in his state, and has sat in the supreme lodge of the world. Mr. Cowley is a member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, of the Bristol (England) and (iloucestershire Archaeological Society, and other learned bodies. He is president of the Port Royal Society, composed of survivors of the De- partment of the South and the South Atlan- tic blockading squadron. In 1885 Nor- wich LIniversity of Vermont conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL. D. Mr. Cowley is unmarried. COY, EDWARD G., .son of Edward G. and Elizabeth E. (Brown) Coy, was born in Ithaca, Tompkins county, N. Y, August 23, 1844. Passing through the public schools, he then prepared for college at W'illiston Seminary, Easthampton, and was gradua- ted from Yale in the class of 1869. He taught school in Cincinnati for a time, then at Williston Seminary, and was after- ward tutor in Yale College. He is now the professor of Greek at Phillips Acad- emy, Andover, having acted as principal of the academy from January to July, 1889. Professor Coy was married in New Ha- ven, Conn., November 25, 1S73, to Helen E., daughter of Rev. Samuel D, and Mary Sher- man (Skinner) Marsh. Of this union were three children : Mary Dexter, Sherman Lockwood, and Edward Harris. CRANE, JOSHUA Eddy, son of Barzil- lai and Lydia (Eddy) Crane, was born in Berkley, Bristol county, July 9, 1823, and died in Bridgewater, August 5, 1888. He was educated in the public and private schools of his native town. At the age of sixteen, he was placed in the counting-room of Messrs. Griffin & Eddy, of New York City, and subsequently became connected in the mercantile busi- ness with Morton Eddy, of Bridgewater. Li 1848 he purchased his partner's interest, and carried on the business for more than forty years. CRANE. CKAPO. 147 In 1849 Mr. Crane was married to Luc}' A., daughter of Quincy and Lucy (Loud) Reed of Weymouth. Of this union are five children living: Joshua E., Jr., Charles Reed, Morton E., Henry L., and Annie Howe Crane. Mr. Crane was among the pioneers of the Free Soil party, and was subsequently active in the organization of the Repub- lican party, of which he was a devoted ad- herent. He was elected town clerk and treasurer in 1856, and for many yeais filled various municipal offices. In 1S57 he represented the town in the state Legislature, and was state senator in i862-'63, serving on com- mittees on mercantile affairs, insurance and claims. He was for several years a member of the Republican state central committee, thirteen years inspector and trustee of the state work-house, and for the greater part of the time chairman of the latter board. For twenty years he was actively con- nected with the Plymouth County Agricul- tural Society, and as trustee and treasurer, did much to further its interests. He also delivered the historical address on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the society. He was the president of the board of trustees of Bridgewater Academy; was for a generation a member of Fellowship Lodge of Masons, and was a charter member of Harmony R. A. Chapter, also a Sir Knight in the Old Colony Commandery of K. T. Mr. Crane's church connections were with the Central Square Congregational society. He was chairman of the building committee when the present edifice was built in 1 86 1. He was interested in the local history of the town, and has been a correspondent and contributor to the various historical socie- ties in his vicinity. A few years since, he wrote the history of his town, that ap- peared in the voluminous history of Plym- outh county. His love of antiquarian re- search was well known, and his collection of ancient books and papers is a museum of historic value. Mr. Crane was for years a press correspondent, and wielded a fer- tile pen when touching the leading ques- tions of the hour. He was one of the original incorporators of the Bridgewater Savings Bank, and had been one of the trustees since its organi- zation. He was one of the incorporators of the Bridgewater Water Company, and took a prominent part in the introduction of the system. CRAPO, William Wallace, son of Henry Howland and Mary (Slocum) Crapo, was born in Dartmouth, Bristol county, May 16, 1830, and was the only son in a family of ten children. He inherited his father's passion for learning, and although his means were limited, he embraced every possible oppor- tunity for study — first in the New Bedford public schools, then at Phillips .\cademv, .\ndover, where he jirepared for college. He was graduated from Yale — which has since conferred upon him the degree of I L. D. — in the class of 1852. Choosing law as a profession, he attended the Dane law school, Cambridge, and subsequently WILLIAM W CRAPO entered the office of Covernor Clifford, in New Bedford. In February, 1855, he was admitted to the Bristol bar, and in the following April was elected city solicitor, an office which he continued to hold for twelve consecutive years. Mr. Crapo's first active part in politics was taken about a year after his admission to the bar — at the time of the Fremont and Day- ton campaign. He was an earnest sup- porter of these candidates, and championed them from the stump. He was elected to the House of Representatives in the same year, and when only twenty-seven years 148 CRITTENDEN. CROCKER. of age was tendered a seat in the Senate, but declined the honor. He was activel}' interested in the estab- hshment of the New Bedford water works, and from 1S65 to 1875 held the office of chairman of the board of water com- missioners. As bank president, as director in extensive manufacturing corporations, and in other positions of trust and respon- sibility, he acquired the reputation of being a sound business man and an able financier. He has ever enjoyed the com- plete confidence and respect of his asso- ciates. He has been a diligent student of the history of the " Old Colony," and especially of the early settlement of Dartmouth, and has rendered valuable contributions to the historical literature of the State. But the reputation of Mr. Crapo in Mas- sachusetts and the country at large, rests pre-eminently upon his services in the national House of Representatives. He was elected to fill a vacancy in the 44th Congress, and was returned by three suc- cessive elections. In the 45th Congress he was a member of the committee on foreign affairs. In the 46th, he served on the committee on banking and currency, and was chairman of this important com- mittee in the next Congress. He introduced the bill to extend the charter of the national banks, and the passage of the bill was due in no small degree to his skill- ful and persistent efforts. Mr. Crapo is a champion of our fishing interests, and took strong ground recom- mending the abrogation of the fishing articles of the Treaty of Washington. His argumentative methods are direct and logical, and his clear and forcible presen- tation commands attention. It may justly be said of Mr. Crapo, that to what- ever position he has been called, he has always proved himself adequate to the occasion. He has much of that reserve power which does not manifest itself until wanted. Mr. Crapo was married in New Bedford, January 22, 1857, to Sarah T., daughter of George and Serena (Davis) Tappan. Of this union there are two children : Henry Howland and Stanford Tappan Crapo. CRITTENDEN, GEORGE DENNISON, the son of Simeon and Esther (Lathrop) Crittenden, was born in Hawley, Franklin county, August 30, 1827. The common schools of his native town supplied his early mental training, after which he attended Grove Seminary, Charle- mont. His business is, and has been from his first entrance into active business life, that of farming and lumbering. In 1883 he removed to Buckland. Here he has been called to serve the town re- peatedly in positions of trust — selectman, GEORGE D CRITTENDEN. member of school board, assessor, etc. In 1867 he represented the 5th Franklin dis- trict in the House of Representatives. He was a member of the Franklin county board of county commissioners from 1869 to 1875. Mr. Crittenden was married in North Adams, September 8, 1853, to Lucelia E., daughter of Samuel Dawes of Windsor. The children of this marriage are : Hat- tie E. (now Mrs. William McCloud of New Haven, Conn.), Cora E. (now Mrs. W. S. Ball, Shelburne Falls), Philena H. (now Mrs. Warren D. Forbes, Buckland), Alice G., Lottie R., Esther M., Viola E., Lillian G., and Lula D. Crittenden. CROCKER, Charles T., son of Alvah and Abigail (Fox) Crocker, was born in Fitchburg, Worcester county, March 2, After receiving a preliminary education in the public schools, he fitted for college and graduated at Brown LTniversity in the class of 1854. His father was the original pioneer and builder of the Fitchburg, the CROCKER. CROCKKR. 149 Vermont & Massachusetts, and the Troy & t'.reenfield railroads. He was a member of Congress when he died, in 1874. He was a man of marked individuahty, and of the widest e.xperience, and the son came natur- ally by his ability to cope with the man- agement of large interests. Immediately after graduating from col- lege, he associated himself with the firm of Crocker, Burbank & Company, one of the largest paper manufacturing concerns in the state. Mr. Crocker is also largely in- terested in the Orswell Yarn Mills, the Parkhill Manufacturing Company, the Put- nam Machine Company of Fitchburg, the RoUstoiie Machine Company, and the Union Machine Company, the Turner's Falls Land & Water Power Company, and is a director in the Keith Paper Company, the Montague Paper Company, the John Rus- sell Cutlery Company, and the Crocker National Bank at Turner's Falls. He is also a trustee in the Crocker Institution for Savings. He is largely interested in rail- roads, is a director in several corporations, and is one of the largest owners in the Fitchburg Railroad Company. At the incorporation of the city of Fitch- burg, in 1873, he was chosen an alderman, and again consented to serve in 1877. In 1879 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives, and in 1880 he became a member of the Senate, creditably filling positions upon several important com- mittees. On the 14th of October, 1857, at Charles- town, Mr. Crocker married Eliza, daughter of William and Eliza B. K. Tufts, of Charlestown. 'I'heir children were : Alvah, Emma Louise, William Tufts, Kendall Fox, Charles T., Jr., and Paul Crocker. Mr. Crocker was again married, June i, 1881, to Helen Trowbridge, daughter of Sam- uel B. and Sarah Trowbridge Barton of i'.rooklyn, N. Y. The children of this marriage are : Edith Barton and Barton Crocker. CROCKER, George Glover, .son of Uriel and Sarah Kidder (Haskell) Crocker, was born in Boston, December 15. 1843- He fitted for college at the Boston pub- lic Latin school, from which he graduated in i860 as a Franklin medal scholar. He then entered Harvard and graduated in 1S64. After a course at the Harvard law school, having received the degrees of A. M. and LL. B., he was, in 1867, ad- mitted to the bar in the county of Suffolk, and began the practice of his profession in Boston, in company with his brother, Uriel H. Crocker. The Messrs. Crocker pub- lished two editions of " Notes on the General Statutes," and simultaneously with the publication of the revision of the statutes in 1882, they issued a third and enlarged edition, entitled " Notes on the Public Statutes." In 1868 Mr. Crocker joined in a suc- cessful movement to revive the Boston Young Men's Christian Lhiion, an institu- tion which had been in a comatose condi- tion for several years. He became a life member, and for nine years served as one of the board of directors. During most of that time he had special charge of the deliberative assembly of the Union. In 1873 he was a member of the House of Representatives, was re-elected in 1874, and served both years as chair- man of the committee on bills in the third reading. In 1874 he was also House chairman of the joint committee on the liquor law, and a member of the com- mittee on rules and orders. In the summer of 1877 he was chosen secretary of the Republican state central committee, serving in that position for two GEORGE G. CROCKER. years. In the fall of 1877 Mr. Crocker helped to promote the organization known as the " Young Republicans," and in April, 1879, he was elected its chairman. I50 CROCKER. CRONIN. In 1880 he was elected a member of the state Senate, re-elected in 1881, '82 and '83, and while in that body served as chairman of the committee on railroads, of the judici- ary committee, and of the committee on rules and orders. He was also a member of the committee on ta.\ation, on the State-house, on bills in the third reading, and of the joint special committee on the revision of the statutes. He prepared the rules which the latter committee adopted to govern its sessions. He also prepared a " Digest of the Rulings of the Presiding Officers of the Senate and House," covering a period of fifty years, which digest has since formed a part of the annual " Manual for the General Court." In 1883, his fourth year of service in the Senate, he was elected its president. The session of the Legislature for that year was rendered famous by the Tevvks- bury and other extended investigations, and was the longest session on record, lasting two hundred and six days. He declined to be a candidate for re-election. On the death of Hon. Thomas Russell, chairman of the Massachusetts board of railroad commissioners, in February, 1887, he was appointed by the governor, Oliver Ames, as a member of that board, and by its members was chosen its chairman. He still holds that position, having been re- appointed in July, 1888, for a term of three )'ears. In May of the present year, he was elected a director of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company, but de- clined to serve, on the ground that the holding of that position would be incon- sistent with the most efficient performance of his duties as railroad commissioner. In June of the current year. Mayor Hart, of the city of Boston, appointed Mr. Crocker as one of three commissioners to examine into the operation of the existing system of taxation, and to report a more equitable system, if any could be devised. Early in the present year, 1889, G. P. Put- nam's Sons, New York and London, pub- lished a parliamentary manual, entitled " Principles of Procedure in Deliberative Assemblies," by George G. Crocker. He has been and is an officer of various business corporations. He is also treas- urer of the Massachusetts Charitable Society, a trustee of the Boston Lying-in Hospital, and of the Massachusetts Char- itable Fire Society, a life member of the Boston Young IMen's Christian Union, a member of the Boston Civil Service Re- form Association, of the Citizens' Associa- tion of Boston, of the Society for Politi- cal Education, the \'oung Men's Benevolent Society, the Bar Association of the city of Boston, the Harvard Law School Associa- tion, the Boston Athletic Association, the Beacon Society, the Papyrus, LTnion, St. Botolph, Algonquin, Country and Union Boat clubs, and resides in the city of Boston. On the 19th of June, 1875, ^^ '^^as mar- ried by Rev. Phillips Brooks, at Emmanuel Church, in Boston, to Annie Bliss, daughter of Nathan Cooley Keep, M. D., of Boston, and Susan Prentiss (Haskell) Keep, and has five children : George Glover, Jr., born April 16, 1877 ; Margaret, born April 9, 1878 ; Courtenay, born February 4, 1881 ; Muriel, born March 30, 1885; and L)-neham, born February 18, 1889. CRONIN, Cornelius F., son of John and Margaret (McCarthy) Cronin, was born in Cork, Ireland, July 25, 185 1. Shortly after his birth his parents came to Boston, where he received his early edu- CORNELIUS F. CRONIN. cation at the public schools, winning the Franklin medal on his graduation from the Dwight school. He studied afterward in the Boston evening Latin school, and entered the Boston University law school, where, after a course of three years, he received in 187 8 the degree of LL. B. CROSBY. CROSBY. lil He also studied law in the office of William C. Green, and with Gargan, Swazey & Adams, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1878, where he has been till recently engaged in the practice of his profession. He has of late been in Los Angeles, Cal., as attorney for the Lowe Gas & Electric Company of that city. Mr. Cronin represented ward 13 of the city of Boston, in the House of Represen- tatives in 1881, '82 and '83, and served on the committees on judiciary, and probate and chancery. He was elected state sen- ator from South Boston in 1884, and served on the committees on probate and chan- cery, bills in the third reading, and was chairman of the joint committee on claims. He has never been married. CROSBY, George Hannibal, eldest child of Hartwell Broad and Elizabeth Grant (Buxton) Crosby, was born in Bangor, Penobscot county, Me., September 23, 1836, being a lineal descendant in the seventh generation from Simon and Ann Crosby, who came from England in the ship "Susan and Ellen," in 1636, and settled in Cambridge. Mr. Crosby's father, being a builder and contractor, moved to St. John, N. B., directly after the great fire in that city, 1841. He had only just re- turned to Albion, Me., where he and his wife were both born, and built for himself some mills, when the great fire occurred in St. John's, New Foundland, in 1848; he left his family and with a large crew of mechanics went to that city to again engage in building. Three years later he again went to St. John, N. B., and remained. He built the old custom house, suspension bridge, lunatic asylum, Hammond River viaduct, city hospital, and scores of other railroad, government, public and private buildings. During those years his son was attending the public schools, and for a time previous to 1850 he attended the academy at China, Me. He then attended the institute at Waterville, Me., one year, and afterward spent a year at the Wesleyan Academy, Sackville, N. B. At the age of eighteen he was fully prepared to enter college, but at the urgent request of his father to learn the building business, he tried it for one year, but it being distasteful to him he was placed with the firm of Fleming & Hum- bert, builders of engines and general ma- chinery at .St. John. Here he remained until the middle of the second year, when, at the time of the Crimean war, he sailed for Constantinople, visiting at the same time Gibraltar, Malta, Messina and Liver- pool. Soon after his return he married, at St. John, June 23, 1857, Sadie Elizabeth, daughter of Robert and Jane (Disbrow) Ray, of St. John. That same year he moved to Boston. He found employment at the Boston Locomotive Works for one year. He was now a journeyman machinist. From this time he was constantly employed studying mechanical engineering, gradually GEORGE H. CROSBY. advancing into finer grades of work ; was foreman in the Massachusetts state prison five years, then foreman for the Ashcroft Steam Gauge Company. In 1873 he was appointed foreman of the American Steam Gauge Company, and there remained until 1875. In 1876, having in the meantime secured patents for several of his valuable improvements in pressure-gauges, safety- valves, etc., he went into business for him- self, and organized the Crosby Steam Gage & Valve Company, of which he was a director and superintendent. His improve- ments in the steam engine indicator and other instruments of precision in which he made a notable success have a world-wide reputation, until to-day the model factory in Boston, with its varied and continued improvements in this special line, stands an honor to the trade, and its productions are 152 CROSBV. CROWELL. found in the principal cities of the United States, Great Britain and the Continent, Mr. Crosby has secured in all over thirty patents, and with the exception of two, these are all in successful operation. Mr. Crosby was a member of the Somer- ville common council in 1876 and '77 ; was a member of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association until 1889 ; and is a member of the American Society of Me- chanical Engineers. Mr. Crosby's second marriage occurred in 1886, with Alice J., daughter of Harri- son W. and Abbie J. (Thompson) Crosby, of Albion, Me. Of this union are two children : Carlotta Hortense and Omar George Crosby. Mr. Crosby at the age of fifty retired from active business, and has lately built him a beautiful summer residence in Albion, Me., where he cultivates his taste for agri- cultural pursuits, and enjoys the well- earned fruits of an honorable and success- ful career. CROSBY, TULn-, Jr., son of Tully and Mehitable Crosby, was born in South Boston, August 21, 1S41. Passing his preparatory studies in the public schools, and the academy at Hyan- nis, he then went to sea at the age of eighteen. In i860 he sought the gold fields of California, and the Nevada silver mines, where he remained until 1863. He spent the years 1864^ and '65 in the city of Chicago, engaged in the pork business ; afterwards he followed the sea again as master mariner. In 1876 he retired from a sea-faring life, and studied law at Boston University. He was admitted to the bar in 18S6, and began practice in Barnstable county, having his residence in Brewster. Mr. Crosby was married in Melrose, June 13, 1867, to Lovella J., daughter of Walter and Martha Hopkins. Mrs. Crosby died January 25, 1873. In 1876 Mr. Crosby was again married to Malissa H. Foster of Brewster, daughter of God- frey and Reliance Hopkins. Of this union was one child : Grace L. Crosby, still living. Mr. Crosby served as representative from his district in the General Court in 1885, acting as clerk of the committee on edu- cation. He has been chairman of the school committee, and superintendent of schools the past eight years. He is treas- urer of the First Unitarian parish. Brewster, and trustee of the Cape Cod Five Cents Savings Bank. CROSSLEY, AZRO T., son of Henry T. and Eliza G. (Stetson) Crosslev, was born in Harshfield, Plymouth county, De- cember 12, 1855. Passing through the public schools of his native town, he fitted for college in Phillips Academy, Andover, and the high school at South Weymouth. Instead of pursuing his classical studies further, he studied law, reading with Sam- uel C. Darling, city solicitor of Somerville. He began the practice of law in Boston in 1879. In 1883 he removed to Northamp- ton, and was elected city solicitor in 1886, which office he has continued to hold to the present time. Mr. Crossley was married January 2, 1882, at Saratoga, N. Y., to Bertha D., daughter of Leslie A. and Mary E. ( 1 )ewey) Belding. Of this union are two children : Elsie and Marjorie Crossley. CROWELL, JOHN, son of John and Anne (Greenleaf) Crowell, was born in Haverhill, Esse.x county, September 28, 1823. The name was originally Cromwell, but after the restoration of Charles II., so intense was the feeling against anvthing pertaining to the great commoner, that some were forced to modify the name, for the sake of peace and safety. His early education was chiefly under the direction of that noted mathematician and teacher, Benjamin Greenleaf, his ma- ternal uncle, with whom he fitted himself for college. His health failing, he did not enter college, but subsequently was able to keep abreast with its curriculum. In 1S44 he took charge of the School Street grammar school in Haverhill, where he won success. He commenced the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. George Cogswell, of Bradford. He pur- sued his professional studies still further with Prof. James McClintock of Phila- delphia, and in the Pennsylvania hos- pital in that city, graduating from the Philadelphia College of Medicine in 1850. After remainmg a year in Philadelphia, in hospital and dispens- ary service, he began the practice of medicine in his native town in 1851, where he has since resided, identifying himself with its literary and social life, and always taking a deep interest in whatever related to the welfare of his fellow-citizens. Among the positions of honor and trust that Dr. Crowell has been called upon to fill may be mentioned : chairman of the school board, trustee of the public library and secretary of the board, trustee of Bradford Academy, Haverhill City Hospital CROW ELL. CROWLEY. 153 and Linwood Cemetery Corporation, con- sultinsj physician of Danvers lunatic asy- lum, member of Massaciiusetts Medical JOHN CROWELL, Society, president of Essex North Dis- trict Medical Society, state correspondent of board of health, corresponding member of Wisconsin Historical Society, and chair- man of Haverhill board of health, etc. Dr. Crowell's literary labors have been many and varied, embracing professional, scientific, critical and miscellaneous papers. Some of his professional papers are, " Dis- eases of the Rectum '" (1856) ; " History of the Asiatic Cholera" (1873); "Anomalies in Pregnancy" (1S7S); "The Human Brain and Some of its Phenomena," and " Bright's Disease of the Kidneys." In 1884 he was orator at the annual meeting of the Massa- chusetts Medical Society, Boston. Among his miscellaneous papers and lectures are : "The Colonial and Revolu- tionary History of Haverhill," an oration, (1876); "John Ruskin," "Architecture," "Michael Angelo," "Historical Poem," Bradford, (1882). Dr. Crowell was first married January 7, 1854, to Sarah Bradley, daughter of Sam- uel Johnson, of Haverhill, who died in 1S59. Of this union was one child, born 1857, died 1858. Dr. Crowell was again married October 31, 1861, to Caroline, daughter of Ephraim Corliss, of Haver- hill.'" Dr. Crowell's church connections are with the Centre Congregational church, of which he is an active member, holding im- portant official positions. CROWLEY, Jeremiah, son of Dennis and Mary (Conley) Crowley, was born in Lowell, Middlesex county, January 12, 1832. He received his early educational train- ing in the public schools of his native place. When about thirteen years of age he entered the employ of the Lawrence Manu- facturingCompany, as a boy. He learned the machinist's trade with Aldrich, Calvert & Tyng, afterwards working at his trade with Marvel & Lane, and from 1855 to '58 at Nashua, N. H. .•\t the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, in 1861, he enlisted as a member of the old 6th Massachusetts regiment, and his company was one of the four that made the memorable march through Baltimore. He served nearly four months, and after being mustered out, again sought to enter the service, but was refused on account of disabilities. JEREMIAH CROWLEY. He worked for a tune at the Watertown arsenal, and then commenced the study of law, pursuing his legal studies in the office 154 CULLEY. CUMMINGS. of John F. McEvov, Lowell. He was admitted to the Middlesex bar in 1869, and has remained in the successful prac- tice of his profession up to the present time. Mr. Crowley served as national delegate of the A. O. H. for two years, and was for thirteen years treasurer of division No. 2, A. O. H.; has been president of the Low- ell Irish Benevolent Society, St. Patrick Temperance Association and the old 6th Regiment Association. He was a member of the Lowell common council in 1870 and '71, and of the board of aldermen in 1873, '74. '77! '78 and '86. In 1882 he was elected to the state Senate, serving on the com- mittees on prisons and liquor law, and the committee on removal of Judge Day, judge of probate for the county of Barn- stable. Mr. Crowley did not have the advant- ages of wealth in his earlier days, and to a great extent is a self-educated man, work- ing at his trade by day and studying by night. He is an earnest advocate of tem- perance, and is a leading representative of the better element of the Dernocratic party. He is in the enjoyment of a very large and lucrative practice, and his integrity is unquestioned. No man stands higher in the estimation of his native city, and his present leading position, both as a man and a lawyer, is a conclusive proof of what pluck, ambition and honest endeavor will accomplish in the face of adversity. CULLEY, Eli, was born near Bath, England, February 4, 1840. He was educated in the national schools of England. He came to this country when fifteen years of age. He began business as a file manufacturer in Weymouth, Mass., in 1864, where he remained four years. He then removed to Fitchburg, where he has ever since followed the same business on an ex- tensive scale. In 1862 he married Martha A., daughter of Eli and Fanny E. Redman. Of this union were six children : Frank C, AValter E., Fanny E., Albert E., Elsie B., and Edith F. CuUey. Mr. Culley has often been called upon to serve his fellow-citizens in some pul)lic trust ; was president of Fitchburg common council in 1875, and was an alderman in 1877 and '78. He represented his district in the House of Representatives in 1880, was mayor of Fitchburg in 1880 and '81, and was elected to the same office in 1888 and '8g. He is a prominent member and officer in various Masonic liodies and associations of I. O. O. F. ELI CULLEY. Mr. Culley served his adopted country in the late war in company K, 43d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, during its term of service in 1862 and '63. CUMMINGS, JOSEPH H., son of Jo- seph and Hannah H. (Knowles) Cummings, was born in Orleans, Barnstable county, June 16, 1840. He obtained his early school training in the public schools and private academy of his native town. This was supplemented by a two years' attendance at Pierce Academy, Middleborough. From 1846 to '47 he was traveling in Spain and Italy ; spent six -months in Eng-_ land (1852) ; was in St. John, N. B., New Orleans, La., and Liverpool, England, in 1854. These trips were taken for his health, which was' delicate in those days. From 1858 to '61 he was clerk for the firm of Thomas Knowles & Co., New Bed- ford. From 1 86 1 to '73 he owned and con- ducted a country store. In 1873 he began the wholesale manufacture of clothing, in connection with William H. Howes, a na- tive of Dennisport, under the firm name of Cummings & Howes. The factory was CUNNIFF. CUNNINGHAM. 155 located in Orleans, with office in Boston. He still continues the business connection, but carries on the general store in his own name. The firm has branch factories in Dennisport and Wellfleet. Mr. Cumniings was married in Orleans, September 3, 1862, to Helen C, daughter of Eben H. and Rebecca B. (Crosby) Lin- nell. Of this union are si.x children : Eben L., Henry K., Francis C, Nellie J., Mary S., and George Cummings. Mr. Cummings has served fifteen years on the school board, four of which he was chairman. He is a director in the Cape Cod National Bank of Harwich. He now resides in Orleans. CUNNIFF, Michael Matthew, son of Michael and Ellen (Kennedy) Cunnift', was born in Roscommon, Ireland, in 1850, his parents coming to Boston when he was three months old. He obtained his early educational training in the public schools of Boston. This was supplemented by a course of commercial training in the Bry- ant & Stratton Commercial College, Bos- ton. His first connection in business was in the wine and spirit trade, with his brother Bernard, in Boston. He subsequently went out of that line to do a general banking and brokerage business, principally in the handling of gas securities. He has also been identified with the West End Street Railway, Charles River Embankment Company, and other land and railroad improvements in Boston and vicinity. Mr. Cunniff was president of the Demo- cratic city committee of Boston two years ; chairman of the executive branch of the Democratic state committee two years ; has been a member of the state committee twelve years ; was a member of the execu- tive council of Governor Ames, 1888, and was renominated, but declined the honor, for 1889. He is a member of the Charitable Irish Society of Boston ; a director in the Me- chanics National Bank of Boston, having been prominent in its re-organization ; director in the Bay State Gas Company ; (Hie of the foremost capitalists in the organization of the Boston Gas Syndicate, and largely interested in the gas business of Boston. Mr. Cunniff was chief ranger in the In- dependent Order of Foresters : and a member of the Protective Order of Elks. He is also a member of the Montgomery Light Guard \^eteran Association. Mr. Cunniff is unmarried. CUNNINGHAM, James Adams, son of Nathaniel Fellows and Martha (Putnam) Cunningham, was born in Boston, Novem- ber 27, 1830. He received his educational training at Framingham and Lunenburg academies, and began life for himself as a farmer in Lunenburg. At the opening of the war of the rebel- lion, he entered the service of his country, and from November i, 1861, to July i, 1865, he was with his regiment, the 32d Massachusetts volunteers, as lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant-colonel, and brevet-colonel. September i, 1866, he was JAMES A. CUNNINGHAM. brevetted brigadier-general ; commissioned adjutant-general of MasEachusetts, with the rank of major-general, December, 1866, resigning January 14, 1879 ; was appointed superintendent of Soldiers' Home in Mas- sachusetts, April, 1882, where he still re- mains, and has his residence in Chel- sea. General Cunningham was in all the cam- paigns of the army of the Potomac, from the Peninsular under McClellan, to the sur- render of the army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox, April 9, 1865. He has a natural talent, and early dis- played a taste, for the details of military science. .A.s early as 1846 he was commis- 156 CURRIER. CURTIS. sioned in the Fitchburg Fusileers, and re- signed as captain in 1859. General Cunningliam was married in Annisquam, June 12, 1856, to x\nn Eliza, daughter of Oliver Griffin and Charlotte (Phippen) Lane. Of this union are three children : Charles Edward, Frederick Lane, and Annie Grafton Cunningham. CURRIER, Frederick Augustus, son of Festus C. and Johanna M. (Allen) Cur- rier, was born in Worcester, December 24, 1 85 1. His parents removed to HoUiston when he was about a year old, and he received his early education in the public schools of that town. He removed to Fitchburg in January, 1869, and for a number of years had full charge of the office work of the large in- surance agency of his father. At the time of his appointment as postmaster, he was a member of the firm of F. C. Currier & Son, insurance, railroad, and steamship agents. He was connected with Whitney Opera House for three years, as business mana- ger. He was for four years secretary of the Worcester North Agricultural Society, and declined a re-election. He was also in charge of the office work of the Massachu- setts Mutual Aid Society, of which his father is secretary. He was appointed postmaster of the city of Fitchburg by President Cleveland, receiving the endorsement of business men, irrespective of party, although he had never sought, nor had he previously held, public office. CURTIS, ALBERT, son of .Samuel, Jr., and Eunice (Taft) Curtis, was born in Worcester, July 13, 1807, being one of the fourth generation from Ephraim Curtis, who came from Sudbury to Worcester in 1673, and who is supposed to be the first white settler in Worcester. He was one of a large family of chil dren, and was early bereaved of his father. Before he had reached his tenth year he was obliged, to a great extent, to pro- vide his own living. He resided for a time with his uncle in Auburn, and later with an elder brother in Tioga county, N. Y., doing what he was able to do at farm labor. He returned to Worcester at the age of seventeen, robust in health, and filled with a laudable ambition to better his condition, and that of those who might need his support. He went into the service of White &: Boyden, manufacturers of woolen machin- ery. He remained with them as apprentice and journeyman several years. In 1831, with John Simmons and Abel Kimball as partners, he commenced a business of his own, in the manufacture of machinery suitable for use in various departments of cloth making. His business broadened with success, taking in the manufacture of cloth itself. He was soon the owner of extensive mill property. His early knowledge of ma- chinery stood him in good stead in the va- rious branches of his extensive business. Twice during his business career he has suffered largely by destructive fires, but nothing daunted by untoward vicissitudes, he has immediately set about repairing and rebuilding. Possessed of but a limited education, his taste for reading in early years has been a strong motor in his after acquirements. He has obtained a good knowledge of books, and has pursued his studies in va- rious departments of intellectual culture. Particularly has he been interested in his- torical and antiquarian researches. He has been vice-president of the Worcester Society of Antiquity, and an efficient mem- ber of several other like institutions. Mr. Curtis has also for many years been interested in agricultural pursuits. He has devoted his time to business rather than to politics ; but as early as 1840 he was se- lectman of the town of Worcester, serving two years ; was a member of the common council the first year of the infant city, and alderman in 1857. Mr. Curtis has been an unswerving mem- ber of the Republican party since he joined its ranks after the dissolution of the old Whig party. He has been a member of the Trinitarian Congregational church since 1828. The first wife of Mr. Curtis was Mrs. Sally V. (Houghton) Griffin, of Sterling, to whom he was married in October, 1833. His second wife was Rosella P. (Perrin) Bancroft, widow of Rev. David Bancroft, formerly of Tolland, Conn. He has no children. CURTIS, Edwin Upton, son of George and Martha Ann (Upton) Curtis, was bora in Roxburv, Norfolk county, March 26, 1861. He attended the grammar and Latin schools, in Roxbury, the Little Blue school at Farmington, Maine, fitted for college, entered Bowdoin College, and was grad- uated A. B. in the class of 1882. He re- ceived the degree of A. M. in 1885. He chose the law for a profession, was admitted to the Boston bar, and formed a CURTIS. CUSHMAN. 157 connection witli William Gardner Reed, under the firm name of Reed c&: Curtis. In 1889 he was elected city clerk of Boston. EDWIN U. CURTIS, Mr. Curtis was secretary of the Repub- lican city committee in 1 888. He is a mem- ber of Rabboni Lodge, F. & A. M., St. Matthew's Chapter, R. A. M., and of St. Omer Commandery of Knights Templar. He is a director of the Ro.xbury Club, and assistant secretary of Bowdoin College Alumni Association, Boston. Mr. Curtis is unmarried. CURTIS, George, was born in West- minster, Worcester county, September 3, 1817. His mother was Lydia Gilbert of Sharon. His father, Francis Curtis, was a native of Walpole, the fifth in descent from William Curtis, the ancestor who came from England, September 16, 1632. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools and academy of his native town. .\t the age of seventeen he left his home to learn the carpenter's trade of William Merrifield of Worcester, where he remained until twenty years of age, when he went to Boston. He continued working at his trade, with intervals of teaching school, until the age of twenty- eight, when he engaged in business for him- self as builder, in Ro.xbury. Many of the large buildings destroyed by the fire of '72 were built by him, as were also many fine residences in the towns of Milton, Canton, Waltham, Stoneham. He served as alder- man four years in Ro.xbury before it was annexed to Boston. After the annexation, he was also alderman of Boston during the years i88i-'S2 and '84. He was overseer of the poor in Roxbury and Boston nearly a score of years. In the year 1857, owing to a partial sun-stroke, he left the building business and engaged in the lumber trade. Mr. Curtis represented his district in the General Court for the years 1861 and '62, and again in i886. He was connected with several military organizations, and was actively engaged in enlisting soldiers for the war. He was commander of the Roxbury Horse Guards for four years, and was subsequently appointed major of cavalrj'. He retired from active business in 1883, succeeded by the firm of Curtis & Pope. He is director in the Rockland Bank, and one of the trustees of the Roxbury Club. Mr. Curtis was married in B'itchburg, September 18, 1845, to Martha Ann, daugh- ter of Joseph and Susan Thurston Upton, of Fitchburg. Of this union are four children living: Henry Clifford, Martha Gertrude (now Mrs. Cate), Edwin Upton, and Nelson Curtis. CUSHMAN, SOLOMON Francis, son of Solomon and Harriet (Adams) Cush- man, was born in Monson, Piscataquis county, Maine, November 18, 1826. For his early education he was depend- ent upon the public schools and the acad- emy. Through his boyhood, besides the time required for study, his leisure hours were expended u]3on the farm, and in early youth he found employment working in the Maine pineries, and for seven years was engaged as a clerk in a country store. In 1856 he became connected as book- keeper with the Monson Woolen Manu- facturing Company, at Monson. In 1S66 Mr. Cushman formed a co-partnership with Horatio Lyon, succeeding to the business of the Monson Woolen Manufactory. This co-partnership continued for twelve years, when he purchased the entire business and became sole proprietor, which position he still holds, being an extensive manufacturer of woolen goods. On the 1 6th of November, 1852, Mr. Cushman was married in Monson, Maine, to Candace Brown Packard, and is now the father of six children : Edward Dick- inson, Rufus Packard, Solomon Fred., 158 CUTTER CUTTER. Hattie Frances, Thaddeus Lyon and Robert Holmes Cushnian. In 1 88 1 and '83 he was a representa- tive in tlie Legislature, and has also most acceptably filled the position of selectman. Among other benevolent and mercantile trusts, he has served as director in the Na- tional Bank, trustee of the Savings Bank, trustee of the Monson Academy and treas- urer of the library. SOLOMON F CUSHMAN. He moved from Monson, Me., in 1S54, to Palmer, Mass., and in 1856 he went to Monson, Mass., which place has since been his residence. CUTTER, ABRAM EDMANDS, son of Abraham and Mary (Clibson) Cutter, was born in Newburyport, Essex county, Jan- uary 24, 1822. His father was a mason and builder. He erected many of the fac- tories and important buildings in Saco and Biddeford, Maine, and also represented Saco in the Maine Legislature T853 and '54. He died in Saco, August 25, 1886, at eighty-seven years of age. Mr. Cutter was educated in the public schools of Saco, Me., where his father re- moved when the son was but four years of age. This was supplemented by a three years' course in Thornton Academy, Saco. After leaving the academy he entered a store in Saco, where the drug business was combined with book-selling. This business he followed for some years, with the ex- ception, in the meantime, of a year spent in two voyages to Europe, in a sailing ves- sel, and another term of study in the academy. He came to Boston in 1S43, ^"d was employed in the drug store of the late William Brown ; remained there and in same business in another location till 1852, when he removed to Charlestown and opened business as book-seller, the firm being McKim & Cutter. At the end of three years he purchased his partner's interest, and continued the business till within a recent period. Mr. Cutter was elected to the school board of Charlestown in 1857, serving six- teen years before annexation, and nine years after that as member of the Boston school board. He was finst married July 7, 1853, in Charlestown, to Mary Eliza, daughter of Barnabas and Eliza (Whittemore) Ed- mands. His wife died February 11, 1854. His second marriage was October 13, 1857, with Elizabeth Finley, daughter of Wash- ington and Elizabeth (Hay) Smith, of New York. They have no children. Mr. Cutter has always been identified with, and interested in, the various local charities and institutions of the city, and actively connected with the Harvard LTni- tarian church of Charlestown. He is best known as an active educational supporter, and a champion of our public schools. CUTTER, Charles Ammi, son of Caleb Champney and Hannah (Biglow) Cutter, was born in Boston, March 14, 1837- He was fitted for college at the Hopkins classical school, Cambridge ; was gradu- ated from Harvard in 1855, and from the Cambridge divinity school in 1859. In 1 86 1 he was made assistant in the cataloguing department of Harvard College library, which position he held for seven years, and on the ist of January, 1869, became librarian of the Boston Athensum, which office he still holds. He has prepared a new classification for libraries, and written two articles in the " North iVmerican Review " on " Harvard College Library ;" "Rules for a Printed Dictionary Catalogue" (Washington Bu- reau of Education, 1876 ; new edition expected 1889); "Boston Athenajum : " How to get Books, with an Explanation of the new way of Marking Books " (Boston, 1862); edited the "Catalogue of the Library of the Boston Atheneeum, 1870- CUTTER. DAGGETT. 159 '71 " (S vols., Boston, iS74-'82), and has been a contributor to the " Nation " for the past twenty years. Since January, 1881, he has edited the " Library journal " (New- York), and was president of the American Library Association, iSSy-'Sg. May 21, 1863, Mr. Cutter was married to Sarah Fayerweather, daughter of Charles John Appleton, of Cambridge. They have three children : Louis Fayerweather, Ro- land Norcross, and Gerald Clifford Cutter. CUTTER, Leonard Richardson, the son of Daniel and Sally (Jones) Cutter, was born in Jaffrey, Cheshire county, N. H., July I, 1S25, under the shadow of the okl Monadnock mountain. He obtained his education in the common schools and academy of his native town. Until twenty years of age, his time not devoted to study was spent on the farm, with the exception of three terms of winter school taught by him between the ages of seventeen and twenty. Mr. Cutter went to Boston in 1845, and found employment in a grocery store, where everything was sold in the line of groceries, save intoxicating liquors. After serving a six years' clerkship, he went into business for himself, in which he continued ten years. He is now engaged in the real estate busi- ness in the city of Boston, and still carries out the practical side of his theory of non- lease of property to be used for sale of intoxicating liquors. Mr. Cutter was married in Brighton, 1852, to Mercy, daughter of Phineas and Mercy (Fairbanks) Taylor. Of this union are two children : Agnes E. and Emma A. Cutter. Mr. Cutter was an assessor in Boston, 1859, '60 and '61 ; was alderman 187 1, '72, '73 and '74 ; chairman of the board one year, and acting mayor the last month of 1873, the mayor having resigned. He was a member of the Boston water board six LEONARD R, CUTTER. years, and water commissioner eight years, retiring in 1883. He served as chairman of the board four years. On retirement of Mr. Cutter from his connections with the water board, special resolutions commendatory of faithful per- formance of duty were tendered him by the lioard. DAGGETT, HANDEL N., son of Eben- ezer and Sarah (Maxcy) Daggett, was born in Attleborough, Bristol county, Jan- uary 27, 182 1. His education was gained by attending the common schools of Attleborough, Day's Academy, \\'rentham, three years, and two years in Perkins's .\cademy, Attleborough. Mr. Daggett commenced business as manufacturer of print cloths at Falls Vil- lage, Attleborough, January, 1844, in con- nection with his brother, Homer M. Daggett, and continued in this business several years under the firm name of H. N. & H. M. Daggett. This firm was dissolved in 1855. In 1 86 1 Mr. Daggett began the manufacture of mohair braids, his being the first estab- lishment of the kind in the country. This proved remunerative under the protective tariff of 1862. He still continues the manu- facture of braids of all varieties, and on an extensive scale, as sole owner. Previous to 1861, mohair, as well as alpaca braids, were imported from England, France and Cermany. In less than three years after the manufacture was begun here with American machinery, the foreign article was driven out of the market, the .American braids being of a quality far superior to the foreign. i6o DAGGETT. DALTON. Mr. Daggett has enjoyed the confidence of his townsmen, in early hfe .serving them in various oifices — selectman, overseer of the poor, assessor, town clerk, etc., cover- ing a period of ten years. He represented his town in the General Court in 1863, and again in 1S83. He is director in the First National Bank, Pawtiicket. R. I., and in North ,\ttle- borough National Bank; is vice-president of the Cotton & Woolen IMutual Fire In- surance Company of Boston, treasurer of In i860 he was appointed cashier of the Attleborough Bank, located at North Attle- borough, and at about the same time HANDEL N. DAGGETT. the .\ttleborough Branch R. R. Co., and is treasurer of several manufacturing and other corporations. DAGGETT, HOMER M., son of Fben- ezer and Sarah (Ma.xcy) Daggett, was born in Attleborough, Bristol county, January 27, 1821. He received his early education at the common school and the academy in town, subsequently attending Day's .Academy, Wrentham, and the high school at Wor- cester. In 1844 Mr. Daggett started in business with his brother, Handel N. Daggett, in Attleborough, in the manufacture of cotton goods. In 1852 he removed to Farmer's Village in Attleborough, where he was engaged in the manufacture of spool thread. assisted in the organization of the Attle- borough Savings Bank, of which he was appointed treasurer. He continued his connection with both banks until 1873, when he resigned both offices to re-engage in the manufacture of coarse cottons and knitting cotton at Farmer's Village. In March, 1875, Mr. Daggett assisted in the organization of the First National Bank, Attleborough, and was elected its cashier, which office he still hold.s, enjoying a repu- tation as an authority on banking business. He was elected to the Senate in i860 ; has been a deacon of the Attleborough Baptist church since 1S57. He married in Attleborough, May 28, 1843, .Vngelina, the daughter of Otis and Content Smith Daggett, by whom he has six children : .Vlice A., Homer M., Jesse Taylor, Sanford, Jennie and Frederick Daggett. DALTON, Samuel, the son of Joseph A. and Mary Dalton, was born at Salem, Esse.x county, June 25, 1840. He received his early education in the public schools of Salem, and was graduated at the Salem classical and high school with the class of 1856. DAMRELL. DAMRELL. I6l His first connection in business was with his father in the leather business, a short time only, then as clerk to Gove Brothers tv: Co., Boston, then as salesman to E, B. Hull & Co., Boston, all in the same busi- ness. From this situation he entered the army in 1861, as sergeant, and was mus- tered out as 1st lieutenant in 1864, having served the full term under the three vears' call. In March, 1877, he was appointed com- mander of the 2d corps of cadets, and was a member of Gov. Long's staff, being ap- pointed colonel and mspector, December 10, 1881. This office he resigned [anuary 3, 1883. On January 4, 1883, he was appointed by Gov. Butler adjutant-general of the State of Massachusetts, with rank of briga- dier-general, which position he still holds. Gen. Dalton was married in Salem, March 9, 1863, to Hannah F., daughter of W. F. and Abigail Nichols, of Salem. His family consists of a daughter and son : Edith B. and R. Osborn Dalton. DAMRELL, JOHN STANHOPE, son of Samuel and Ann (Stanhope) Damrell, was born in Boston, June 29, 182S. He attended the public schools of Boston and Cambridge, and worked on a farm in Haverhill until he was ten years of age. His first connection in business was with Isaac Melvin of Cambridge, to whom he was apprenticed to learn the trade of a carpenter. He then came to Boston as a master builder, and in 1856 he formed a partnership with James Long, continuing until the dissolution of the co-partnership in 1874. During an interregnum of three years he made no contracts nor built anv buildings, by reason of attachments being placed upon his real estate and working capital, on account of his connection with the explosion of buildings with powder at the great Boston fire in 1872. In 1877 he was appointed by the mayor of Boston as inspector of buildings, which office he holds at the present time. April II, 1850, at Cambridge, he was married to Susan Emily, daughter of Joim aiitl Susan Snelling (Monks) Hill. The fruits of this marriage were five children : Eliza .\nn, John E. S., Carrie M., Charles S. and Susan Emily, of whom only the two sons are now living. It is in the fire department that Mr. Damrell has done conspicuous service and won an enviable reputation. He took an interest in fire matters in his early boyhood, his father and brother being members of the Boston fire department. He joined "Hero Engine Company No. 6," in 1848, and continued through all the grades of membership and official position until 1858, when he was elected an assistant engineer. In 1868 he was elected chief engineer of the department, and thus continued until 1874, when the department was placed under a commission. From first to last Captain Damrell has been universally conceded to be a master of the science of the extinguishment of fires, and an expert of advanced ideas con- nected with that important service. He was unanimously elected president of a convention of chief engineers called at Baltimore in 1874 in consequence of the sweeping conflagrations that had taken place in the cities of Portland, Chicago and Boston. He was the first president of the Massachusetts State Firemen's Association. He has also served as president of the Firemen's Charitable Association, Boston Firemen's Mutual Relief Association, Boston Veteran Firemen's Association, and is to-day actively connected with these and kindred organizations. JOHN S, DAMRELL. He has also been connected with the state militia, serving as lieutenant of the old Mechanic Rifles of Boston, an honorary member of the National Lancers, and has been a member of the Ancient and Honor- 1 62 DANA. DANA. able Artillery for the past twenty years. In 1852 he was elected major of the ist Mas- sachusetts regiment, but did not qualify. During the war he performed patriotic service under Ciovernor Andrew and Mayor Lincoln of Boston, in filling the cjuota of men allotted to the city. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, Royal Arcanum, Odd P^ellows, and is a Mason of the 32d degree. He has been, since its organiza- tion, president of the Supreme Parliament of the Golden Rule Alliance, and for the past fifteen years a trustee of the state school for the feeble-minded. His church connections have ever been with the Methodist Episcopal church, serv- ing for twenty-three consecutive years as superintendent of a Sabbath-school. He has been identified with the Good Tem- plars, and is an ardent Prohibitionist. A large number of interesting and valu- able presents received at various times from his comrades, the city authorities and the general public, attest the popularity, high character and unquestioned ability of Boston's celebrated fire-captain. He is now president of the Boston Firemen's Cemetery Association, and chairman of the executive committee to erect a monument to their honor. DANA, Richard Henry, son of Rich- ard Henry and Sarah (Wolson) Dana, was born in Cambridge, Middlesex county, Jan- uary 3, 1851. He received his earl)' educational train- ing in the private and public schools of his native city. He fitted for college in St. Paul's School, Concord, N. H., and was graduated from Harvard College in the class of 1874. He chose the profession of law, and pur- suing his legal studies in the Harvard law school, was graduated in 1S77. He began practice with his father at Boston in 1878, then with H. L. Harding in 1879, and is now in business alone. Besides being en- gaged in the active practice of the law, he is manager of various large and important trusts. Mr. Dana was married in Cambridge, January 10, 1878, to Edith, daughter of the late Henry W. and Frances (Appleton) Longfellow. Of this union were five chil- dren : Richard Henry, Jr., Henry W. L., Frances A., Allston, and Edmund Trow- bridge Dana. His residence is Cambridge. Mr. Dana went abroad in 1882 to recover from the effects of a serious attack of ty- phoid fever. Since his return he has de- voted the spare time from his profession mostly to the cause of civil service reform, writing numerous articles in the " Civil Service Record," of which he became chief editor in January, 1889. He was a mem- ber of the Massachusetts Civil Service Re- form League which presented a bill for the reform of the civil service of the cities and towns of the Commonwealth. He was sec- retary of the independent Republicans at their meeting in New York, February 23, 1884, and has been connected with several philanthropic societies in Boston, especially the Associated Charities, in which organiza- tion in 1878 and '79 he labored, and whose scheme of work he formulated. In the winter of i887-'8 he drew up a bill for the introduction of the Australian ballot law, which was in substance adopted by the Legislature {1888, chapter 436). He was much interested in improved dwellings for the laboring classes, and is vice-president of the Improved Dwellings Association which built a fine building (i888-'9) at South Boston, which is proving a success both financially and as a benefit to the poorer classes. To the organization of the corporation, and the plans of the building he gave much time. In i884-'5 he built a house for a summer home on a part of the estate formerly belonging to his grandfather at Manchester-by-the-Sea. DANA, Thomas, son of William and Lucinda (Weston) Dana, was born in Springfield, Windsor county, Vt., Decem- ber 8, 1833. He obtained his early education in the common schools of his native place and at Wesleyan Academy, graduating there in 1848. In 1850 he began his business life with Tarbell cS: Dana, wholesale grocers. At twenty-one years of age he was taken into the concern as a partner, under the firm name of Tarbell, Dana & Co. In 1863 he pur- chased the interest of Mr. Tarbell and formed the firm of Thomas Dana & Co., which has continued with increasing pros- perity to the present time. Mr. Dana was married in Upper Falls, Vt., February 9, 1855, to Helen P. Wil- liams. In 1 86 1 he was again married to Mary C, daughter of Sewall and Rebecca (Hyde) Baldwin, of Cambridge. They have three children : William Franklin, Helen, and Ada Dana. Mr. Dana has never allowed himself to be drawn into the arena of politics, belong- ing rather to that small but influential body of citizens who control events by their force of character, and shajje public opinion by their own lives of unimpeached integrity. DAVIS. DAVIS. 163 Mr. Dana's experience and commercial sagacity find better scope in tiie manage- ment of trusts and direction of large finan- 'f' year, during one of his clairvoyant states, he dictated lectures on magnetism, which were put into writing by the Rev. Gibson Smith. In 1846, being clairvoyant, he com- menced the dictation of his first work, " Nature's Divine Revelations," which was taken down by the Rev. William Fishbor- ough, of New Haven, Conn. Much of the time during these eventful years he was engaged in healing the sick. His dictated works produced a sensation, as they pre- sented a wide range of subjects and re- jected the idea of any special authority in the teachings of the Bible. No man, perhaps, has done more to impart vitality and coherency to the spir- itual movement than Andrew Jackson Davis. He was first married July i, 1848, to Mrs. Catharine DeWolf Dodge, who died November 2, 1853. His second marriage occurred in Clarendon, N. Y., with Mrs. Mary F. Love. They were mutually sep- arated by a decree of divorce granted Feb- ruary 3, 1885. August nth of the same year Mr. Davis was married to Delia E. Markham, of Detroit, Mich., a graduate of the United States Medical College of New THOMAS DANA, cial responsibilities. He is president of the Union Class Company, director in the Maverick National Bank, and many other monetary institutions. DAVIS, ANDREW Jackson, son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Robinson) Davis, was born near Blooming Grove, Orange county, N. Y., August 11, 1826. His youth was passed in comparative poverty and subjected to hard labor. His education was limited. He inherited from his mother a delicate physical constitution, fair mental powers, a highly spiritual nature and intuitive faculties. His father was a shoemaker. \Vhile yet a boy his parents removed to Poughkeepsie, N. Y. On vari- ous occasions during his childhood he claims to have heard spirit voices. In 1843 Wil- liam Levington, of Poughkeepsie, is said to have developed in him extraordinary clairvoyant powers. Although ignorant of books, he is said to have been able to in- telligently discuss questions medical, psy- chological and of general character. (")n March 7, 1844, he fell into a trance which lasted sixteen hours, during which time he affirms that he was " in the spirit " and conversed with spiritual beings. The next ANDREW J DAVIS, York City, in 1883 — from which institu- tion she received the degree of M. D. and doctor of anthropology. 164 DAVIS. DAVIS. Besides his literary labors, he was for years on the lecture platform, from which he was forced to retire, in 1865, on account of a protracted throat trouble. The published works of Mr. Davis, be- sides the one mentioned, are : " The Great Harmonia," six volumes ; "The Physician;" " The Seer ; " " The Teacher ; " " The Re- former;" "Stellar Key;" " Arabula ; " " Tale of a Physician ; " " The Forma- tion ; " "The Temple;" "Views of our Heavenly Home ; " "Approaching Crisis; or, Truth against Theology ;" " Penetralia," and its sequel, " Answers to Ever-recurring Questions ;" " History and Philosophy of Evil ; " " Death and the After Life ;" " Har- monial Man ; " " Events in the Life of a Seer ; " " Philosophy of Special Provi- dences ; " " Free Thoughts Concerning Re- ligion ; " "The Inner Life," and "The Genesis and Ethics of Conjugal Love." DAVIS, Charles Gideon, son of William and Joanna (White) Davis, was born in Plymouth, Plymouth county, May 30, 1820. His grandfather was a son of Thomas Davis, who married Catharine Wendell, of Albany, N. Y., of the family from which Wendell Phillips and Oliver Wendell Holmes derived their Christian names. His mother was in the seventh generation from Peregrine White, born in the cabin of the " Mayflower." The father of the subject of this sketch died in 1824. His mother was left with five chil- dren, one of whom, Sarah, died in childhood. Hon. William T. Davis is his younger brother. At ten years of age he was sent to a private school in Hingham, thence to the high school in Plymouth, until the spring of 1836, when he was sent to Bridgewater, where he completed his preparation for Harvard College, which he entered that year, and from which he was graduated in the class of 1840, a Phi Beta Kappa. He studied law the first year after gradu- ating in the office of Hon. Jacob H. Loud, Plymouth, one year at the Dane law school, Harvard University, and the third year with Hubbard & Watts, Boston ; was ad- mitted to the bar, August term, 1843, in Plymouth. He opened an office in Boston with William H. Whitman, present clerk of courts, Plymouth county, as partner, and was afterwards associated with George P. Sanger and Seth Webb, His law business flourished, and his clientage increased, when, in 1851, he was obliged to abandon his Boston office work on account of bron- chial trouble, and accordingly betook him- self to a farm purchased in the outskirts of his native town, where he engaged in out- of-door work, and attended to nothing pro- fessional, save the trial of causes, for a year. This manner of life he has continued to the present time, doing but little office work. Judge Davis was married in Plymouth, November 19, 1S45, to Hannah Stevenson, daughter of Col. John B. and Mary Howland (LeBaron) Thomas. Of this union were four children, two of whom survive : Joanna White Davis, now wife of Richard H. Morgan, of New Bedford, and Charles Stevenson Davis, a lawyer in Plymouth. CHARLES G DAVIS. Judge Davis was a strong anti-slavery man, and joined with Gov. John A. Andrew, F. W. Bird and others in a movement against the re-election of Robert C. Winthrop for Congress, in 1846, and offered the resolu- tion in Faneuil Hall which first nominated Charles Sumner for congressional honors. In 1848 he attended the national Whig convention in Philadelphia, which nomi- nated General Taylor for president, and a fortnight after, went to the " Barn-Burners " convention in Utica, N. Y., which nomi- nated Martin Van Buren ; and, after the nomination of Van Buren and Adams at Buffalo, he devoted himself to organizing the " Free Soilers " of Plymouth county. He thus repudiated, with other leading DAVIS. DAVIS. 165 " Free Soilers," the national nominations of both parties. In 185 1 he was tried before a United States commissioner for assisting in the rescue of Shadrach, claimed as a fugitive slave. His tongue and pen could not be muzzled, however, and he continued to speak and act as conscience dictated with- out regard to party ties. In 1859 he was made an overseer of Harvard College. In 1856 he was one of four from Massachusetts to the convention at Pittsburgh which organized the Repub- lican party. In June of the same year he was delegate to the Philadelphia national convention which nominated Fremont. He was chairman of the Republican state com- mittee during the "Know Nothing" hurri- cane of 1854 and '55. He has done much for the advancement of Plymouth, erecting business and resi- dential buildings, and has set out over four hundred elms in town. He was trustee of the Samoset House from 1850 ; trustee of the Pilgrim Society from 1853 to date ; dele- gate to the Constitutional Convention of that year ; has been president of Plymouth County Agricultural Society twenty years, and member of the board of agriculture twenty-three years ; in 1862 he was mem- ber of the (ieneral Court, and House chair- man of committee on agriculture. Upon the incorporation of the Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1S62, he was desig- nated by the Legislature as a trustee, and served as such until 1887. He was assessor of internal revenue under President Lin- coln, and held the office until April, 1S69. He soon after sailed for Europe with his family, and was absent until August, 1870. In 1872 he attended the mass convention at Cincinnati which nominated Horace Greeley, and has since been allied to the Democratic party; has been a candidate for representative to Congress, and has served as a member of the Democratic state committee, etc. In 1874 he was appointed judge of the third district court of Plymouth -county, and still holds the position. DAVIS, Henry C, son of Benjamin and Cordelia (Buffington) Davis, was born in Palmer, Hampden county, October 22, 1843. He obtained his preparatory education in the public schools, at Wesleyan Acad- emy, Wilbraham, and Williston Seminary, Easthampton. He chose the profession of law, and was graduated from the Harvard law school, 1868. In that same year he opened a law- office and began practice at A\'are. where he has since remained. Mr. Davis was married in Ware, May 4, 1876, to Jennie A., daughter of Lorenzo and Jane (Marlen) Demond. Of this union were five children : Henry C, John A., Marion, Mary, and an infant child. Mr. Davis has been a member of the school board twenty years, and was a mem- ber of the House of Representatives in 1S74. DAVIS, James Francis, .son of Samuel p. and Mary (Withington) Davis, was born in Hinsdale, Cheshire county, N. H., Feb- ruary 3, 1826. His education was limited to the com- mon schools in the town of Templeton, enjoying no other educational advantages, save practical experience in business. He first engaged in the stove and hard- ware business in Barre, in 1856, in which he remained until 1869, when he made a change in his business, and opened an in- surance agency in the same town, where he still resides. In i860 he was assessor of Barre, and has been chosen to the same office nearly every year since. He was a selectman during the civil war, 1861 to '65 inclusive. He was for thirteen years president and business manager of the famous Barre Central Cheese Company. He has been justice of the peace ten years ; was a mem- ber of the Legislature in 1887 ; is commis- sioner to qualify civil officers ; has been trustee, treasurer, and secretary of Worce- ster County West Agricultural Society ; trustee of Barre Library Association since its organization ; chairman of the Republi- can town committee for past fifteen years, and is treasurer and member of the building committee of Barre Hotel Corporation. DAVIS, Robert Thompson, son of John and Sarah (Thompson) Davis, was born in county Down, North of Ireland, August 28, 1823, of parentage Presby- terian on the paternal, and Quaker on the maternal side. His parents emigrated to this country and settled in Amesbury, Essex county, when he was three years of age. His early educational training was received in the public schools and academy of Amesbury, and the Friends' school, Providence, R. I. He was graduated from the medical de- partment of Harvard University in the class of 1847; was for a short time dispen- sary physician in Boston ; practiced medi- cine three years in Waterville, Me., and removed to Fall River in 1850, where he has since resided, except for a short period. 1 66 DAVOL. DAVOL. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1853 ; of the state Senate of 1859 and '61 ; of the national Repub- lican conventions of i860 and 1876 ; was mayor of Fall River in 1873, being elected without opposition, and declining a re-election ; was a member of the state board of charities when organized in 1863 ; was appointed a member of the state board of health upon its organiza- tion in 1869, and so remained until its con- solidation with the state board of health, lunacy and charity in 1879, when he be- came a member of that board ; was elected to the 48th and 49th Congresses, and was re-elected to the 50th Congress, as a Republican. He has attained to eminence in his pro- fession of medicine ; has been president of the Bristol County South Medical Society; councilor of the Massachusetts Medical Society; member of the American Medical Association, and of the National Public Health Association. In social and commercial circles he has also been prominent. He has been presi- dent from its foundation, of the Commer- cial Club, the leading social organization of Fall River ; president of Wampanoag Mills, and director in Stafford, Merchants', Barnard, and Robeson mills, and holds a one -third interest in the Globe Mills property. Dr. Davis has ever been active in educa- tional matters. Davis school. Fall River, was named in his honor. He has been an intelligent observer, a careful student, and to these factors is joined the endowment of a graceful and eloquent oratory. His power in debate was felt in the last Con- gress, during the long and heated discus- sion on the tariff issues. Dr. Davis was married October i, 1848, to Sarah, daughter of Dr. Thomas and Ann Wilbur, who died in 1856. In June, 1862, he married Susan Ann, daughter of Moses and Phoebe S. Haight, of New Castle, N. Y. He has one son : Robert C. Davis. DAVOL, William C, son of Abner and Mary (Durfee) Davol, was born in Fall River, Bristol county, January 5, 1806. The Davol is one of the old families of Rhode Island and southeastern Massachu- setts, Pardon Davol, the founder of the family, locating in Fail River. Securing what education he could in the common schools of those davs, he entered the Troy Mill while yet a mere lad. After becoming acquainted with the various de- partments of mill work, he was made over- seer of the spinning department. At the age of twenty-three he was appointed su- perintendent of the mill, which position he retained until 1841, when he became a member of the firm of Hawes, Marvel & Davol. ;s»^^ WILLIAM C DAVOL. This firm entered upon the business of manufacturing machinery, of which Mr. Davol was the skillful designer and draughtsman. They soon took rank among the foremost of cotton machine manufac- turers in the country. Upon the death of Mr. Hawes, the business was continued by the other members of the firm, under the name of Marvel & Davol, until the financial crash of i878-'9. The importance of Mr. Davol's labors in the development of the cotton industry can hardly be over- estimated. It was very largely through his mechanical genius that the manufac- turers of Fall River were enabled to enjoy the advantages of the most improved ma- chinery, and thereby to compete so success- fully in the products of their factories. To Mr. Davol is due the successful introduction into this countrv of the cele- brated English patent called the Sharp & Roberts self-acting mule, a great labor- saving machine. .\ccompanying Major Bradford Durfee to F^ngland in 1S38, he made a study of this invention, and became DAWES. DAWES. 167 thoroughh' familiar with its working. Two years later one of these machines was smug- gled out of England and delivered in Fall River, cut up into small pieces. Mr. Da vol re-adjusted the parts and set up the ma- chine a complete and perfect whole. He also made most valuable improvements upon the original. This is but one of many improvements in this special line of inventions made by Mr. Davol, from which New England has been the recipient of untold benefits. He fitted up the Metacomet Mill with its com- plement of machinery, at the time of its erection in 1847. This was acknowledged the model mill of the country. The results of Mr. Davol's skill and ability extended beyond any narrow limits. He was often called into different parts of New England to solve mechanical problems connected with cotton manufacturing. By nature, training, and practical e.xperience, he was a studious, industrious, and clear-headed mechanic. As a business man, his record is without a stain, and whether in prosperity or ad- versity, he has ever been upright, conscien- tious, honorable. The Davol Mills, built in 1867, were named in his honor, and of them he was president. Although he lost his property by endorsing for others, who failed in i878-'79, these reverses left him as they found him, kindly and charitably disposed as ever. Mr. Davol was married October 30, 1828, to Martha R., daughter of Gilbert and Mary (Slocum) Taber. Of this union were four children, of whom only William C. Davol, Jr., is living, an active and re- spected business man of Fall River, who inherits to some extent the mechanical talent of his father. DAWES, Henry Laurens, son of Mitchell and Mercy (Burgess) Dawes, was born in Cummington, Hampshire county, October 30, 18 16. Passing through the common and pre- paratory schools, he entered Yale College, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1839. In 1840 and '41 he was engaged in teaching. He subsequently edited the " Oreenheld Gazette " and was afterwards managing editor of the " Adams Tran- script." He then studied law in the office of Wells & Davis at Greenfield, and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1842. He immediately entered upon the practice of his profession in North Adams. In 1864 he removed to Pittsfield, which place he has ever since made his legal residence. His power and ability soon attracted the attention of his fellow-townsmen, and he was sent to represent them in the (General Court, serving as a member of the House of Representatives in 1848, '49 and '52, and as member of the Senate in 1850. He was a member of the state Constitutional Convention in 1853 ; was district attorney for the western district from 1853 until '57 ; was elected a Republican represen- tative in the 3Sth, 36th, 37th, 38th, 39th, 40th, 41st, 42d, and 43d Congresses, being chairman of the committee of ways and means, and leader of the House in the two last Congresses. He declined being a can- didate for election to the 44th Congress, and was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican, to succeed Charles Sumner (whose unexpired term had been filled by William B. Washburn). He took his seat March 4, 1875, and was re-elected in 1881, and again in 1887. His term of service will expire March 3, 1893. Wil- liams College conferred upon him the de- gree of LL. D. in 1869. HENRY L. DAWES. Mr. Dawes was married in .\shfield. May I, 1844, to Electa A., daughter of Chester and .•\nna (AUis) Sanderson. Of this union there are three children living : Anna Laurens, Chester Mitchell, and Henry Laurens Dawes, Jr. 1 68 DEAN. DEAX. The career of the senior senator of Mas- sachusetts cannot adequately be described within the limits imposed in this sketch. He has been long and honorably identified with the growth of the State, has held a high and responsible position in the national administration of the government ; has enjoyed confidential relations with the leaders of his own and rival parties ; has been the personal friend of every occupant of the executive mansion during his ex- tended residence at the capital ; has per- formed patriotic and efficient service as one of the leaders of the House during the critical period of the war ; and through all his varied career has so lived in public and private life that not a stain has come upon the escutcheon of the State which has so often honored, and been in turn honored by this her illustrious son. DEAN, Benjamin, son of Benjamin and Alice Dean, was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire, England, August 14, 1824. He was one of a family of ten children, five boys and five girls, all of whom lived to pass the meridian of life. The subject of this sketch, when five years of age, came to this country with his parents, who settled in Lowell, Mass. There he received his early education, graduating from the Lowell high school in 1840. He then entered Dartmouth Col- lege, remaining through the freshman year. He began the study of law with Judge Thomas Hopkinson of Lowell, and in 1845 was admitted to the bar, and began practice in Lowell, where he remained until 1852. He then removed to Boston and became a partner of Henry \V. Fuller. Mr. Fuller dying soon after the partnership, the busi- ness fell to Mr. Dean, who carried it on alone. In 1862 and '63, and again in 1869, Mr. Dean was member of the state Senate. He served- on the committee of probate and chancery, was chairman of the joint committee on prisons, and of the joint special committee on the serving of processes on volunteers, of that on the eligibility of members of Congress, and of that on proceedings for the restraint of the insane. In i86g, when Francis A. Dewey was elevated to the judiciary of the superior court, Mr. Dean, although a Democrat, was made chairman of the committee on the judiciary. He was also chairman of the joint standing committee on the library, and a member of the special committee on the license law. He was member of the common council of Boston in 1865, '66, '72 and '73, where he continuously held the chairmanship of committee on ordinances. Mr. Dean served his congressional dis- trict (the 3d Massachusetts) in the 45th Congress. His seat was contested, but he was declared elected. Since 1854 Mr. Dean has been a very prominent member and officer in the order of Free Masonry. He is deputy for the State of Massachusetts, of the Supreme Council of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States. Of the Grand Commanderv for the states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, he was grand conunander from 1871 BENJAMIN DEAN, to '73, and from 1880 to '83 he was grand master of the Grand Encampment of the Knights Templar of the United States of America. He has been one of the directors for the public institutions of Boston, a trustee of the South Boston Savings Bank, and a director of the South Boston R. R. Cor- poration. He is president of the South Boston Gas Company, and chairman of the board of park commissioners of Boston. Mr. Dean is an expert yachtsman, and was for several years commodore of the Boston Yacht Club. He married, in Lowell, in 1848, Mary A., daughter of J. B. French. The children DEAN. DEAN. 169 of this union were six, five of whom are living : Benjamin Wheelock, Walter Lof- tus, [osiah Stevens, Clitheroe (now Mrs. C. L." James) and Mary (Mrs. Walter Tufts). DEAN, George Asa, son of Asa and Lucy Dean, was born in Attleborough, Bristol county, May 2, 1835. His education was obtained in the com- mon schools of those days. His first con- nection in business was made January i, 1857, with A. M. Everett, S. L. Morse, B. B. Day, E. S. Capron and R. Blis.s, under the firm name of Everett, Dean & Co., manufacturing jewelers. In 1868 the firm name was changed to Day, Bliss & Dean, in 1 87 1 to Bliss & Dean, and in 1884 to G. A. Dean & Co. Mr. Dean was married April 15, 1857, to Bessie B., daughter of French and Nancy Richardson, of Attleborough. He represented his district in the Gen- eral Court in 1877. Mr. Dean is director in the First National Bank of Attleborough, vice-president of the .Vttleborough Savings Bank, director in the .\ttleborough Loan and Savings Asso- ciation, director and treasurer in the Attle- borough Gas Light Company, and water commissioner of the Attleborough fire district. DEAN, JOHN Ward, son of Charles and Patience Tappan (Kingsbury) Dean, was born in Wiscasset, Lincoln county, Maine, March 13, 1815. He attended the public schools in Mt. Vernon, Me., and finished his school education in the Port- land high school, of which the Rev. Thomas Tenny was principal. In 1841 he engaged in the book-binding business in Providence, R. I., under the firm name of Dean & Burgess. In 1843 he removed to Boston, and entered into partnership with his brother Jeremiah, un- der the firm name of Dean & Co. From 1848 to 1859, he carried on the business alone. From 1S59 to 1861, with William Hill, firm of Dean & Hill ; from 1861 to 1872 again with his brother, as Dean & Co. Mr. Dean was married in Boston, June 29, 1853, to Lydia, daughter of John S. and Abigail (Dean) Emerson. They have no children. Mr. Dean was recording secretary of the American Statistical Association from i860 to 1872 ; corresponding secretary of the Prince Society, 1858 to '63; vice-president of thesame, 1863 to '70: president from 1870 to '80 ; and vice-president from 1880 to ]iresent time ; treasurer of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1855 to '57 ; recording secretary of same, 1857 and '58 ; corresponding secretary, 1859 to '62 ; and librarian, 1872 to the present time. He was justice of the peace for the county of Mid- dlese.x, 1870 to '77. He is now editor of the " Register " and the publications of the New England Historic Genealogical society, with his residence in the town of Medford. Mr. Dean's published works are numer- ous, and are critically edited. Among the principal are a memoir of the Rev. Nathan- iel Ward, A. M. (186S), and a memoir of Michael Wigglesworth, author of " The Day of Doom" (1871). He has prepared, and seen through the press, seventeen pamphlets of sketches, memorial and his- torical, also six volumes of historical mat- ter, edited by himself. To these should be added many pamphlets of valuable gen- ealogical compilation. DEAN, ROBERT STROBRIDGE, son of Robert and Susan E. L. (Padelford) Dean, was born in Taunton, Bristol county, Feb- ruary 6, 1805. He is a lineal descendant in the seventh generation from Deacon Walter Deane, one of the first settlers of Taunton in 1639. ROBERT S. DEAN. Mr. Dean received his early education in the district schools of those days, and in Bristol Academy. I/O DELANO. DELANO. At the age of sixteen, he entered business life as clerk in the house of Field, Fobes & Co., Philadelphia. His father's death, May 24, 1822, required his return home to assist in settling- the large estate. In 1824 he succeeded his father in the manufactur- ing business, at the Dean Cotton Mills, East Taunton, and held the position, as agent, twelve years. He then held the management of the " Brick Mill " in con- nection with Crocker & Richmond. Was assignee with Governor Morton of Taun- ton Iron Company; was of the firm of Dean & Morse, manufacturers of machin- ery, a few years, and treasurer of the Dean Cotton & Machine Company twenty-five years. The profits in the first twenty years were five times the amount of capital. He was also treasurer of Taunton Locomotive Company a short time. He retired from business in 187 5, with an ample competency, after a successful manufacturing and mer- cantile life of nearly fifty years. Mr. Dean was married in Taunton, Sep- tember 9, 1832, to Mary C, daughter of William Hodges. Mrs. Dean died in 1886, leaving no children. DELANO, George, son of James and Dorothy (Wing) Delano, was born in Rocii- ester, Plymouth county. May 13, 1821, and received his education in its common schools from the age of ten to fourteen years. On leaving school he became clerk in the store of Luce & Delano, in the part of Rochester now Marion, and at the end of si.\ years took the business of his employers and carried it on in connection witii ship- building until iS49-'5o, when he failed, and effected a compromise with his cred- itors. After a year spent in Virginia, " prospect- ing," he entered the employ of the Kigelow Carpet Company, at Clinton, as clerk and paymaster, until July, 1855, and in the fol- lowing month came to New Bedford and took the entire charge of the extensive oil manufacturing business of his brother-in- law, the late Charles H. Leonard, then re- siding in New York City. This responsible position he filled until Mr. Leonard's death in 1868, when, in company with F. L. B. Mayhew and James .4. Fussell, he contin- ued the business. On assuming control, Mr. Delano made many improvements fa- cilitating the manufacture and increasing the product — notably the introduction of steam in the processes of production. The reputation of the old firm was thoroughly maintained, and Mr. Delano came to be the acknowledged head of the oil manufac- turers of the State in exact, thorough, and scientific knowledge of all the processes in the production of oils. In 1877 Stephen C. L. Delano, a son of the senior partner, was admitted to the firm, and in 1883 Messrs. George Delano, Mayhew and Fussell retired, when Mr. Dela- no's sons, James and Stephen, having in their employ their youngest brother, Charles H. Leonard Delano, took entire charge and control of the business, under the firm name of George Delano's Sons. Mr. Delano was married November 20, 1845, in Rochester, to Abigail, daughter of George and Cynthia (Washburn) Leonard, GEORGE DELANO of that town, and his children are the three sons previously named. In retiring from active business he dis- missed its cares and anxieties, and sought the rest which his health demanded. Long a suft'erer from sciatica, he finds partial re- lief in his delightful home in Rochester, at his sea-side residence in Marion, and in winter excursions to the South. Of ample leisure, he yet has no idle hours ; and though having no ]5articular vocation, he is never without congenial employment, in the care and improvement of his real estate in Rochester and Marion, and in the dis- charge of his duties as a public-spirited citizen. DEVENS. DEVENS. I/I Mr. Delano has never held any political office, but, warmly interested in politics from his boyhood, he has served his party as committee-man and delegate to state and national conventions, and was once a candidate for presidential elector. A born Democrat, he has continued to be one from thorough conviction. Mr. Delano has neither sought nor gained prominence, save in his business career, which has been eminently successful. He is better satisfied with the respect of his party and the warm personal friendship of all who know him, of whatever political creed, than with any honor or emoluments of office. DEVENS, Charles, son of Charles and Mary (Lithgow) Devens, was born in Charlestown, Middlesex county, April 4, 1820. His father was the grandson of Richard Devens, a revolutionary patriot of great local prominence. His mother was the daughter of Col. Arthur Lithgow, of Augusta, Maine. Charles Devens was graduated at Har- vard in the class of 1838. Choosing the profession of the law, he pursued his studies in the Harvard law school, and afterward with Hubbard & Watts, of Bos- ton. He was admitted to the bar in 1S41. From that year to 1849 he resided first in Northfield and later in Greenfield. In 1848 and '49 he served as member of the state Senate. From 1849 to '53 he was United States marshal for the district of Massachusetts. In 1854 he returned to the practice of law, and settled in the city of Worcester, where he still resides. On the 19th of April, 1861, Mr. Devens was unanimously elected major of the 3d battalion rifles — three full companies. With this force. Major Devens at once pro- ceeded to Annapolis, Md., and thence to Fort McHenry, remaining in command un- til nearly the close of its three months' term of service. On the 26th of July he was duly qualified as colonel of the isth regiment ]SIa,ssachusetts volunteers. With this he proceeded to Washington, arriving there the loth of August. Col. Devens received marching orders on the 25th, and in two days the regiment pitched their tents at Poolesville, Md., under command of General C. P. Stone, in charge of the corps of observation. They were assigned to guard duty on the Potomac. At the battle of Ball's Bluff Col. Devens won the respect and esteem of the com- mander-in-chief and his brother officers. He received his commission of brigadier- general during the siege of Yorktown, and bade adieu to his regiment, and assumed command of a brigade in Couch's division, Keyes's 4th army corps. May 31st, in the battle of Fair Oaks, General Devens was wounded, but would not tjuit the field until night brought a temporary cessation CHARLES DEVENS. of hostilities. He was absent from his command but five weeks, during which time he addressed a war meeting in Faneuil Hall, Boston. He resumed his command at Harrison's Landing, the loth of July. At the battle of Antietam his horse was shot under him. For his gallant conduct while command- ing a brigade at Fredericksburg, he was highly complimented by the general com- manding his division. At Chancellorsville he was seriously wounded while command- ing the ist division, nth army corps. In the spring of 1864, he was assigned to the 1 8th army corps, at the special request of General W. F. Smith, who commanded, and under whom, as a division commander in the corps, he took part in the battle of Cold Harbor. In April, 1865, at the request of General Grant, General Devens was connnissioned major-general by brevet, for gallantry and good conduct at the capture of Richmond. At his own repeated re- quest, he was mustered out of service, at Washington, June, 1866, after five years and three months' military service. The 1^2 DEWEY. DEWEY. members of the United States Senate and House of Representatives from Massa- chusetts united in signing a recommenda- tion that he should be retained in the re-organization of the regular army, and though the compliment was a very high one, it was not presented, as General Devens wished to resume the practice of his profession. He was chosen by the G. A. R. as its national commander, to succeed General Burnside. He has served as commander of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of Massachusetts, as well as of the military societies of the army of the Potomac and of the James, and of the 6th army corps. General Devens was appointed by Governor Bullock, in 1867, one of the judges of the superior court of Massachusetts, and in 1S73, by Governor \Vashburn, one of the judges of the supreme court. March 10, 1877, he was appointed attor- ney-general of the United States in the cabinet of President Hayes, and on his return to Massachusetts, was re-appointed by Governor Long to the supreme judi- cial bench, which position he still holds. General Devens is unmarried. DEWEY, Charles Augustus, son of Charles Augustus and Caroline (Clinton) Dewey, was born December 29, 1830, at Northampton, Hampshire county. For three years he was a student at Williston Seminary, Easthampton, entered Williams College in 1847, and was graduated in 1851. After studying law one year at Worcester in the office of his brother, Hon. Francis H. Dewey, he continued one year each at the Cambridge law school and in New York. He was then admitted to the New York bar in 1854, where he remained for two years, the latter part of the time as a member of the law firm of Mead, Taft & Dewey. He practiced law two years as partner with General James K. Mills, at Davenport, Iowa, and in 1859 united in partnership with the Hon. Hamilton B. Staples, in Milford. Mr. Dewey was married in Milford, March 12, 1867, to Marietta N., daughter of Alexander W. and Marietta (Duston) Thayer. Of this union is one child: Maria Thayer Dewey. Following in the line of his father and grandfather, who had been judges of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts, Mr. Dewey was appointed trial justice in 1861, and in 1864 judge of the police court of Milford, holding the office until 1872, when he was appointed judge of the third district court of southern Worcester, and has continued in that office ever since. Mr. Dewey has served as a member of the school committee for nearly seven years, and for many years as trustee of the town library, being now chairman of the board. DEWEY, Henry Sweetser, son of Israel Otis and Susan Augusta (Sweetser) Dewey, was born in Hanover, Grafton county, N. H., November 9, 1856. His father was the son of Israel Dewey of Ber- lin, Vt., and his mother was the daughter of General Henry Sweetser of Concord, N. H. HENRY S, DEWEY. His father was a merchant in Hanover, N. H., until 1864, when he was appointed additional paymaster of volunteers ; honor- ably mustered out in December, 1865; was appointed paymaster in the regular army in 1867, and served as such till March. 1888, when he was placed on the retired list; he died in Boston in May, 1888. Mr. Dewey's boyhood and youth were passed in various places in which his father was stationed, principally in the South and West, and he attended schools first in Hanover and later in other places. He fitted for college in Salt Lake City, and was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1878 with the degree of A. B. He DEWEY. DEXTER 173 received his A. M. in 1881. In college he was a member of the Alpha Delta Phi Society. Soon after graduation he was appointed paymaster's clerk, United States army, and while serving in this office came to Boston in August, 1878, where he has since resided. In 1880 he resigned his position as pay- ma.ster's clerk, studied law in the Boston University law school and in the office of Hon. A. A. Ranney, and received his degree of LL. B. from the law school, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in June, 1882. Since that time he has been engaged in practice of law in Boston. He was a member of the ist corps of cadets, Massachusetts volunteer militia, as private, corporal, and sergeant, respectively, from June ii, 1880, to February 26, 1889, when he was commissioned judge-advocate on the staff of the ist brigade, Massachu- setts volunteer militia, with rank of captain, which position he still holds. He is a mem- ber of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, U. S. He has been justice of the peace and notary public since 1882; is a member of the Curtis Club of Boston, also of the Rox- bury Club; was a member of the Republi- can ward and city committee of Boston, from 1884 to '88 ; was a member of the Boston common council in 1885, '86 and '87; in 1889 he served as representative from the 21st Suffolk district in the Legis- lature, and was a member of the judiciary committee. Mr. Dewey is unmarried. DEWEY, JUSTIN, son of Justin and Melinda (Kelsey) Dewey, was born in Al- ford, Berkshire county, June 12, 1836. His early educational training was .re- ceived in the public schools. Preparing for college matriculation in Great Barring- ton, he entered Williams College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1858. Choosing the profession of law, he pur- sued his legal reading at the office of In- crease Sumner in Great Barrington, and was admitted to the bar in November, i860, and began practice of law at Great Barrington. His legal attainments won for him success, and he was soon called to serve the Commonwealth in an official ca- pacity. In 1862 he was a member of the House of Representatives, and was again called to the same branch of the Legislature in 1877. In 1879 he was a member of the state Senate, serving on the Senate com- mittee on probate and chancery, and on the joint special committee on retrench- ment that year. Mr. Dewey was appointed judge of the superior court of Massachusetts in 1886, by Governor Robinson. He was married in Great Barrington, February 8, 1865, to Jane, daughter of George and Clara (Wadhams) Stanley. Of this union were three children : Mary, Sarah S., and Margaret Dewey. His residence is in Springfield. DEXTER, Solomon King, son of Parker and Betsey (King) Dexter, was born May 23, 1839, at West Topsham, Orange county, Vermont. His early education was obtained at the common schools of his native town, where he remained, working on the farm, until he became of age. At his majority, Mr. Dexter left his home and made his first venture in business, clerking in a market in Lowell, in i860. In 1862 he went into the provision busi- ness under the firm name of Ladd & Dexter. There he remained until after the break- ing out of the civil war, when he engaged SOLOMON K, DEXTER. in the sutler's business, supplying the stores needed for the troops at the front. In 1864 he became cashier of the Bullion Bank, Washington, D. C. A year later he 174 DICKINSON. DICKINSON. removed to Wait's River, Vermont, and opened a general store. After remaining there three years, he returned to Lowell and engaged successively in the provision and grocery business, and in 1873 he started the business which he is at present successfully carrying on, that of wholesale and commission dealer in flour and country produce. Mr. Dexter was married in Montpelier, Vt., February 24, 1863, to Mary S., daugh- ter of Robert and Mary (Burgin) McCrillis. They have had four children ; Nellie May (now Mrs. F. L. Batchelder, Manchester, N. H.), Daisy B., Royal King, and Jennie Dexter, — the latter deceased. Mr. Dexter's religious affiliations are with the Baptist church, he being a member of the finance committee of the Freewill Baptist church. He has long been a jus- tice of the peace, a member of the High- land Lodge, L O. O. F., the Lnproved Order of Red Men, the Lowell Rod and Gun Club, and of the Lowell Co-operative Association. He is a member of the Low- ell board of trade, and also of the Vermont board of trade. Mr. Dexter's interest in politics has led him to accept a few of the many honors offered to him. He served as a member of the Lowell common council in 1883 and '84. His fellow-citizens recognized his ability and conservative judgment, and prevailed upon him to represent them in the lower branch of the state Legislature in 1886. He served to great acceptance, and was re-elected the following year, serving on the committee on finance, and on the library. Mr. Dexter is fairly the architect of his own fortune, having nothing when he left the old farm-house but a stout heart, strong and willing hands, and an earnest convic- tion that the world owed him a living. The debt has been faithfully paid, and to- day he stands honorably high among the best known merchants of the city of Lowell. DICKINSON, John WOODBRIDGE, passed his early years in South Williams- town, Mass. He was the youngest but one of a family of nine children. His father, William Dickinson, was a native of Hadley, and a direct descendant of Nathan- iel Dickinson, one of the first settlers of that town. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Worthington. She was a woman of fine character, and gave to her children a good example of a noble life. Mr. Dickinson obtained the rudiments of learning in the public schools of Williams- town. At the age of nine years he was put to work on the farm during the sum- mer months, attending school for a few weeks only during the winter. Having a strong desire for a liberal edu- cation, he passed through his preparatory course of studies at (ireylock Institute, South Williamstown, and at Williston Sem- inary, Easthampton, and entered the fresh- man class at Williams College in the au- tumn of 1848. He graduated from that institution in 1852, with the classical hon- ors of his class. In September of that year he received the appointment of assistant teacher in the state normal school at Westfield, Mass. After serving as first assistant teacher in the school for four years, he was appointed its principal in July, 1856. For twentv- one years he performed the duties of his office with marked ability and success, pre- paring for the service of the State a large number of teachers, well trained in the philosophy and art of teaching, and gain- ing for the Westfield normal school a national reputation. Mr. Dickinson early became a diligent and successful student of pedagogical science. He was among the first to intro- duce those reforms in methods of teach- ing which have since been working their way into the best schools of the country. He trained his classes in the use of the analytic objective method of study and teaching, in presenting to their own minds or to the minds of others any branch of learning, whether subject or object. In 1877, on the resignation of the Hon. Joseph White, Mr. Dickinson was called from the normal school at Westfield to the office of secretary of the Massachusetts board of education. His experience as teacher in the normal school had fitted him to perform the duties of his new office. During his term of service the cause of popular education has made great pro- gress in the Commonwealth. The normal schools have grt)wn strong in public favor; the teachers' institutes have been made to contribute more directly to an improve- ment in methods in teaching ; the final abolition of the school district system has been accomplished ; the children of the Commonwealth have been provided with free text-books ; the small towns of the State have been aided in supplying them- selves with well-trained school superintend- ents, and the great ends to be secured by school life have come to be better under- stood. Mr. Dickinson has published twelve an- nual reports, which hold a high rank DICKINSOX. DITSON. '/3 among educational reports, on account of their pedagogical value. He has exerted a large influence upon the teachers of the country through his public addresses be- fore educational associations, and through his management as principal and instructor of the pedagogical department of the Chau- tauqua University. Mr. Dickinson was married in Westfield, in March, 1856, to Are.xine G., daugh- ter of David and Mary (Bacon) Parsons, North Yarmouth, Maine. Miss Parsons was a graduate of Bradford Female Semi- nary, and a successful teacher. Two chil- dren were added to the family, a son, John Worthington, and a daughter, Susan Allen. The former is a graduate of Harvard Col- lege, and a successful manufacturer. The latter is the companion of her mother in their family home, Newtonville, in the city of Newton. Mr. Dickinson, now in the prime of life, is laboring with great devotion to promote the interests of popular education, and to keep the public schools of Massachusetts in the front rank of excellence. DICKINSON, Marquis Fayette, Jr., eldest son of Marquis F. and Hannah (Wil liams) Dickinson, was born in Amherst, Hampshire county, January 16, 1840. He received his early education at the common schools of his native town, Am- herst and Monson academies, and Williston Seminary, Easthampton, from which he graduated in the class of 1858. He entered Amherst College in the same year, gradu- ating therefrom in 1862, having one of the three highest of the commencement ap- pointments. After teaching classics in Williston Semi- nary for three years, i862-'65, he studied law with Wells & Soule, Springfield, at the Harvard law school, i866-'67, and with Hon. George S. Hillard, of Boston. He was assistant United States attorney from 1869 to '71. He then became a member of the law firm of Hillard, Hyde & Dickin- son, the style subsequently changing to the present well-known firm of Hyde, Dickin- son (S: Howe. Mr. Dickinson was married at Easthamp- ton, November 23, 1864, to Cecilia R., adopted daughter of Samuel and Emily (Graves) Williston. Of his three children only one is living, Charles, — Williston and Florence having deceased. He has an adopted daughter, Jennie Couden Dickin- son, daughter of his deceased sister. Mr. Dickinson was a member of the com- mon council. Boston, in 187 1 and '72, hold- ing the office of president of that body during the latter year. He was a trustee of the Boston public library in 1871 ; has been a trustee of Williston Seminary since 1872, and one of the overseers of the charity fund of Amherst College since 1877. MARQUIS F, DICKINSON. He was a lecturer on law as applied to rural affairs in the Massachusetts Agricul- tural College, i87i-'77, and author of " Legislation on the Hours of Labor " (1871) and " Amherst Centennial Address " (1876). DITSON, Oliver, son of Joseph and Lucy (Pierce) Ditson, was born in Boston, October 20, 181 1, nearly opposite the resi- dence of Paul Revere. He died December 21, 1888, in the city of his birth, being buried from Trinity church, the Rev. Phillips Brooks officiating. His parents were of Scotch extraction, their ancestors, soon after the landing of the Pilgrims, having been driven from Scotland by religious persecution. His father was one of a firm of ship owners, and the son knew no hardship till the failure of his father's firm. Graduat- ing with a good record from the North End public school, he found employment in Parker's book and music store. Later on he left this place for a time to learn the printer's trade. This he did with Isaac Butts and afterward with Alfred Mudge. 176 DITSON. DIXEV. At this time he was the main support of his father and mother. His varied abilities and tenacious attention to Inisiness made him indispensable to Colonel Parker, with whom he had resumed work in the old place. Later on he took a single counter in the famous " old corner bookstore." Here was formed the firm of Parker & Ditson, when he was only twenty-one years old. He put his whole force into the business and changed it into a music store. In 1840 he purchased Colonel Parker's interest, and under the name of Oliver Ditson, without the aid of capital or influential friends, the career of this remarkable publisher may be said to have been fairly and successfully launched. In the meantime he had become an organist, a singer, and an accomplished writer of notes and letters which had a special reputation for their lively tone and brilliancy. He was now a polished gentle- man, the delight of his numerous friends, and everywhere welcomed for his kindly manner. In 1840 he was married to Catherine, the daughter of Benjamin Delano, a OLIVER DITSON, prominent ship owner. She was a lineal descendant of William Bradford, the second governor of the colony of Plymouth. Five children blessed this union : Mrs. Burr Porter, Charles H., James Edward (deceased), Frank Oliver (deceased), and a daughter who died in infancy. The business of this phenomenal pub- lisher went on increasing in volume until he had an annual business of two million dollars. He was a long time the president of the board of music trade, of which he was the founder. No other man in the trade was so widely known or so univer- sally respected. He expended large sums in supporting such artists as gave promise of special distinction. Mr. Ditson was one who rallied to the support of the Peace Jubilee and made it a brilliant success. He subscribed and paid twenty-five thousand dollars for the Jubilee of 1872, which gave to music in New England a forward impulse it has never lost. He was a life-long patron of the Handel and Haydn Society, and was never absent from its concerts. He was an able financier; twenty-one years presi- dent of the Continental National Bank of Boston; many years trustee of the Frank- lin Savings Bank, which he originated and managed; also a trustee of the Boston Safe Deposit Company; one of the founders of the Old Men's Home, Boston; an active supporter of the New England Conserva- tory of Music ; trustee of the Mechanic Association ; member of the Boston Me- morial Association, and a director of the Bunker Hill Monument Association. Politically he was a Whig, until the form- ation of the Republican party, after which he acted with that organization. His re- ligious training was with the Baptist denom- ination, but in later years he allied himself with the Unitarians. His whole life was characterized by much breadth in religious matters and liberality toward all denomi- nations. In his long career he had estab- lished a number of branch houses, and placed many a young man of ability where he could win success. Of these are notably conspicuous, the Boston branch house of J. C. Haynes & Co., the Cincinnati house (John Church); the New York house (Charles H. Ditson); the Philadelphia house (J. E. Ditson), and the Chicago house of Lyon lV- Healy. DIXEY, Henry E., was born in Bos- ton, January 6, 1859. While extremely young, his natural aptitude for mimicry led his footsteps by instinct to the door of the stage, and as an exponent of children's parts he became the envy of his youthful associates. While still a mere boy, he at- tached himself to the regular stock com- pany of the Howard Athenseum, and DIXEV. DODCE. 177 played everything he could lay hands upon, from a set tree to the hose at fire-drill. His first marked success was made as "Peanuts" in the old-time favorite melo- HENRY E, DIXEY. drama "Under the daslight," and his ability in the way (jf quaint humor was at once acknowledged. In his leisure hours Mr. Dixey had sedulously cultivated a natural gift of dancing, and tiring of the monotony of a stock company, lie determined upon a change. It was at this time that he first came under the observation of Edward E. Rice, who at once recognized the talent of the young man, and determined to give liim every opportunity of gaining a wide- spread celebrity. His fir.st appearance under Mr. Rice's management was made at the tUobe Theatre, Boston, on June 7, 1875, when he appeared in " Evangeline " as one of the two sailors who subsequently illustrate the saltatorial eccentricities of the famous " Heifer" in that extravaganza His suc- cess in this role was marked, so much so that he was advanced by rapid strides, until he was entrusted with the principal role of the piece, in which he gave un- bounded satisfaction. l-'rom that time until now he has remained under Mr. Rice's management, with the exception of two years only. During all these years the parts a.ssumed by Mr. Dixey have been varied, but his success has been continuous. He has appeared successively in the following plays : " Cor- sair," " Hiawatha," " Horrors," " Robinson Crusoe," " Babes in the Wood," " Revels," "Cinderella at School," "The Ma.scot," " Billee Taylor," "Patience," "Pinafore," " The New Evangeline," " The Romany Rye," " lolanthe," " Pounce & Co.," " The Sorcerer," "The Merry Duchess," "The Duke's Motto," "Lieutenant Helene," " Distinguished Foreigners," "Confusion," and " Adonis." In his recent triumph, as the chaste statue, the graceful gallant, the moody Dane, the independent barber, and a host of other characters in which he pervades " Adonis," he has made the part unapproachable. His production for the season of 1889 and '90 is " The Seven Ages," a combina- tion of burlesque and character drama. His versatility is remarkable, and his career promises to be notable in the annals of the American stage. DODGE, Nathan Dane, son of Nathan Dane and Sarah (Shepard) Dodge, was born in Ipswich, Essex county, April 21, 1840. His early education was obtained in the district school under many difficulties. Inspired, however, with an earnest desire for intellectual growth, he acquired suffi- cient knowledge to qualify him, at the age of nineteen, to teach school at Ipswich. Continued trouble with his eyes, however, forced him reluctantly to give up the idea of teaching. At his majority he went to Troy, N. Y., and served as clerk for his brother in a small shoe store. Subsequently he opened a shoe store on his own account in Troy, then went to New York for a few months, selling shoes on the road. January, 1866, he organized with his brother, in the city of Lynn, the firm of N. D. & E. P. Dodge, for the manufacture of boots and shoes, afterwards removing to Newbury- port, where he has since remained alone, under the firm name of Nathan I). Dodge, manufacturing fine shoes and slippers. In 1877 he opened a wholesale store in New York City, which is continued as an outlet for the great variety of styles which the firm now make. Mr. Dodge was married in Troy, N. Y., April 25, 1865, to Matilda Valentine Hins- dale. Their children are : Nathan Dane, Jr., born June 15, 1866 ; Adelaide Pearle, born January 2, 1881, and William Garnet Dodge, born August 14, 1882. DODGE. DODGE. Mr. Dodge was alderman of the city of Newburyport in i8So ; was elected director of the First National Bank some ten years ago, which position he holds at the present time ; is also a trustee of the Newburyport Five Cents Savings Bank. The early family training of JMr. Dodge, under the influence of a sainted mother, led him early to seek church relations. He joined the church and choir at the age of seventeen, and has contributed to church service ever since. He has been a Sunday- school scholar or teacher nearly all of his life, and is now superintendent of the White- field Sunday-school. He was a member of NATHAN D. DODGE. the Young Men's Christian Association in Troy, N. Y., where he resided a few years. He was one of the founders of the New- buryport Association some fifteen years ago ; was elected its first president, serving as such for several years, and is at present a member of the board of directors. DODGE, Simeon, Jr., son of Simeon and Betsey (Goodwin) Dodge, was born in Marblehead, Essex county, February 23, 1840. He obtained his early education in the public schools of his native place. He began business as a grocer's clerk. Later on he worked at shoemaking. His present vocation is that of farmer. Mr. Dodge was married in Marblehead, June 5, i860, to Betsey, daughter of Wil- liam and Betsey (Goss) Gilley. Of this union are four children : Albert W., Re- becca F., Charles E., and Emma S. Dodge. Mr. Dodge is president of the Wenham Mutual Benefit Association ; commander of the Wenham Veteran Association, and chair- man of the Republican town committee. He is chief engineer of the fire department. He was representative to the Legislature from the 9th Essex district, in 1889, serv- ing on the committee on manufactures. He enlisted as private in company C, 8th regiment, Massachusetts volunteer militia, in the war of the rebellion, and fought in the service of his country. DODGE, Theodore Ayrault, was born in Pittsfieid, Berkshire county, in 1842, of old New England stock. His grandfather was pastor of First Church in Haverhill ; his maternal great-grandfather was General Seth Pomeroy of Bunker Hill memory, and his middle name comes from Dr. Pierre Ayrault, who migrated with the first Huguenot colony, as its physician, to Newport. Col. Dodge was educated abroad. He is a graduate of the London University, attended lectures at Heidelberg, and re- ceived a four years' militarv training under General von Frohreich of the Prussian army in Berlin. What he there learned stood him in good stead when, in 1S61, he caught the patriotic fever and returned home to enlist. His field service of two years under Kearney and Howard, in the army of the Potomac, was terminated at Gettysburg by the loss of a leg, he having been several' times previously wounded. On recovery, he was ordered to duty in the war department, as chief of the bureau of enrollment. Here he served for a number of years, and to retain his services, Secre- tary Stanton offered him a commission in the regular army. At the time Mr. Stan- ton declined to yield up possession of the war office to President Johnson. Colonel Dodge " held the fort," under the self- willed, but in this instance orthodox, sec- retary. Colonel Dodge has four brevets for gal- lant conduct — two volunteer, two regular. Under the act of Congress by which all wounded officers were taken from active service. Col. Dodge was placed on the re- tired list of the army, where he still holds his commission. He has since resided in his native State. He has been connected with successful business enterprises in Boston, but enjoys DOIIEKTV. DOLBEAK 179 best out-of-door pleasures and the use of his pen. He is a well-known horseman. He has been constantly in the saddle for nearly forty years, and is considered an authority in the art. Few men have rid- den so much. He estimates that he has covered over one hundred thousand miles. He has published three military books, and a book on horsemanship, which have been highly and universally commended by the press at home and abroad. He con- tributes largely to periodical literature. He has delivered a number of military lec- tures at the Lowell Institute, Harvard Col- lege, and elsewhere, and for some years has been engaged on a history of the art of war, covering a series of volumes, of which two, bringing the subject down to the end of Hannibal's career, are now in the press. Col. Dodge is a member, and has been one of the officers, of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He belongs to the St. Botolph and Country clubs, and was president of the Papyrus Club for 1887. He has recently purchased the old Crafts estate on the southern limits of Brookline, and has transformed it into a homestead which is aptly described by its name, " The Rocks." This definitely connects him with that town. Circumstances have enabled Mr. Dodge to travel much. He has spent more than a dozen years in Europe, and has crossed the ocean many times. He married, in 1865, Miss Neil, a grand- niece of Chief Justice John Marshall He has three children living. A literary tend- enc}' seems to run in the family ; his father was a litterateur known to every peri- odical in the country ; his son, a senior at Cambridge, was editor-in-chief of tlie " Harvard Monthly." Despite his loss of a leg. Col. Dodge is so active as to make all his friends forget that he is disabled, and promises to play the part of a veteran of our civil war for many years. As he was one of the youngest officers in service, he is still in the prime of life. He has taken up mili- tary history and criticism as his favorite pursuit, and will probably add materially to the e.visting literature of this topic. DOHERTY, PHILIP J., son of Philip and Ellen (Munnegle) Doherty, was born in Charlestown, Middlesex county, Janu- ary 27, 1856. He received his school training in the common .schools and high school of Charles- town ; was three years in the Boston \Jm- versity law school, from which he was graduated LL. B. in the class of 1876 ; was admitted to the bar, June 4, 1877, and has since been engaged in the practice of law in Boston, as member of the law firm of Doherty & Sibley. Mr. Doherty was married in Charles- town, August 16, 1878, to Catherine A., daughter of John and Catherine (Doyle) Butler. Of this union are four children : Philip, Mary, Eleanor, and Alice Doherty. In 1883 Mr. Doherty was elected mem- ber of the House of Representatives, and served three years ; was a member of the committees on drainage, rules, judiciary, joint special committee on investigation of state house expenditures, and joint special conmiittee on the revision of the judicial system. In 1886 he was Democratic can- didate for speaker of the House. In 1887 he was elected on a non-partisan platform by a coalition of the Republicans and Dem- ocrats as a member of the Boston board of aldermen. He was elected in 1888 a delegate to the national Democratic convention at St. Louis. He took a prominent part in the citizens' movement in Boston in 1888, and made the speech at the citizens' convention, placing Hon. Thomas N. Hart in nomina- tion for mayor of Boston. During 1889 he was chosen a member of the Boston water board for the term expiring in 1891. DOLBEAR, Amos Emerson, son of Samuel and Eliza (Godfrey) Dolbear, was born in Norwich, New London county. Conn., November 10, 1837. He attended the public schools at New- port, R. I., till he was ten years of age, after which his school education consisted of a few weeks each year until he reached the age of sixteen. He then entered a machine shop in Worcester, where he worked for two years. He next went into southwest Missouri, where he taught school for four years. In 1859 he returned to Massachusetts and resumed work in a machine shop in Taunton, where he finished his trade. Later on he obtained a situation in the armory at Springfield. While there he was drafted for the LTnion army, but was un- able to pass the medical examination. His health failing him, he was obliged to give up his work. In the meantime he had fitted himself for college, and in 1863 entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, from which he was graduated in the class of 1866. He then took a post-graduate course at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and received the degrees A. M. and M. E. In 18S3 he was made a doctor of philosophy by Michigan University. i8o DONNELLY. DONNELLY. He was appointed assistant professor of natural history in Kentucky University, Lexington, where he remained one year. He then accepted the chair of natural science at Bethany College, West Virginia. Here he remained six years, during which he showed his inventive powers in a marked degree. He received his present appoint- ment, that of professor of physics and astronomy at Tufts College, in 1874. He is the author of several standard scientific works — a Hand-book of Chemical Analysis, a Treatise on Projection, a Man- ual of Experiments in Physics, Chemistry and Natural History, with the Porte Lu- miere and Magic Lantern, and one on the telephone. He has published several pamphlets on the speaking telephone, and has been an active contributor to scientific journals. He claims to have invented the speaking telephone which is now in general use. He made and exhibited in October, 1876, a telephone operated by a permanent magnet. Li 1879 he invented the static telephone, entirely different in principle from the earlier one. He is also the inventor of a system of telephony and telegraphy without wires, and a new system of incandescent lighting. Professor Dolbear is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He received a silver medal for his inventions and contri- butions to science at the Paris Exhibition, and a gold medal at the Crystal Palace Exhibition at London, in 1882. He was one of the examiners of the Electrical Exhibition, Philadelphia, and is everywhere recognized as an electrical expert. Prof. Dolbear was married in 1869 to Alice, daughter of Phineas and Jeanette (Needham) Hood, of Milford, N. H. They have five children: Clinton, Katie, Mary, Samuel and Benjamin Dolbear. DONNELLY, CHARLES FRANCIS, son of Hugh and Margaret (Conway) Don- nelly, was born at Athlone, county Ros- common, Ireland, October 14, 1836, his parents emigrating to British America in 1837, and thence to Rhode Island in 1848. On his paternal side his ancestry are of the old Irish septs of the North, and his moth- er's family are of Welsh-Irish stock, of the west of Ireland. Mr. Donnelly's early training was for the Catholic priesthood, but he found his avocation in the law, and commenced his studies in the office of Hon. A. A. Ranney, of Boston, in 1856 ; was graduated from Harvard University law school with the degree of LL. B., and was admitted to the Boston bar in 1858. He is the senior in membership of the Catholic members of the bar of New England, and became at an early age president of the oldest exist- ing Irish-American Society in that .sec- tion, namely, the Charitable Irish Society, founded at Boston, in 1737. In 1875 he was appointed a member of the state board of charities, taking the posi- tion from which the philanthropist, Dr. S. G. Howe, resigned, and he continues to be a member of that bod3^ For four years Mr. Donnelly was chairman of the board. He has always declined to be a candidate for any political office, devoting his time to the general practice of his profession, and to the work of public and private charities — although at times entering into political discussions with much interest. In 1883 the state board of health, luna- cy and charity had a long politico-legal correspondence with General B. F. Butler, commenced by the latter in his capacity as governor of the State. The letters on each side attracted public attention, and assisted in giving force and direction to the canvass against General Butler in that year. Mr. Donnelly was the author of the letters written in behalf of the state board. He distinguishetl himself before the Leg- islature as counsel for the Catholic body in 1888 and '89, in their remonstrance against the proposed legislation to oppose the Catholic view of the school question in the State. He has been also conspicuous as counsel in several leading civil cases, in- stituted against the archbishop and other Catholic ecclesiastics in Massachusetts, within the past twenty years, especially in the arguments showing the harmonious re- lation of Catholic ecclesiastical, or canon law with the spirit of American law' and American institutions. His able services were recognized by his being honored with the degree of LL. D., from the oldest Catholic seat of learning in the country — St. Mary's College, of Maryland. When the Legislature of 1884 referred the question of the treatment of inebriates to the state board of charities, to consider and report, Mr. Donnelly, as chairman, proposed and drafted a unique act, adopted by the Legislature of 18S5, subjecting dipsomaniacs to the same restraint and treatment as lunatics, and Massachusetts is the only state having such legal remedy for the offence of habitual drunkenness. In 18S9 Mr. Donnelly had the satisfaction of DONOHOE. DONOVAN. I8I seeing the Legislature give further effect to the law, by authorizing the erection of a hospital for those coming under the pro- visions of the act, and the appointing of a board of trustees for the management of the hospital. DONOHOE, Michael T., the .son of Owen M. and Mar)- (Cassidy) Donohoe, was born at Lowell, Middlesex county, November 22, i'S3S. His paternal ances- tors came originally from County Cavan, L'eland, his father being one of the earli- est .settlers in Lowell. Michael T. Donohoe was educated at tlie public and high schools of Lowell and at Holy Cross College, Worcester. Upon leaving college in 1S55 he took a situation in the Merrimack Mills, where he remained until 1859, when he went to Manchester, N. H., to enter a clothing store. Upon the breaking out of the war in 1 86 1, he enlisted in a company which afterwards became company C, 3d New MICHAEL T. DONOHOE. Hampshire regiment, of which he was elected captain. He took part in .Sher- man's e.\pedition to .South Carolina, in which he was honorably mentioned in general orders. On June 16, 1862, he returned home to New Hampshire, and with the aid of other ■officers succeeded in raising a regiment for the service (loth regiment N. H. vol- unteers), of which he was appointed colonel, and with the regiment left the state for the seat of war, September 22, 1862. They joined the 9th corps and served until March, 1863, participating in the tiattle of Fredericksburg. They were sent to the i8th corps, and while at Fort Harrison on September 29, 1864, Colonel Donohoe had a horse shot from under him, and later on the same day received a severe gunshot wound in the right hip, and was specially mentioned in general orders for gallant conduct in the field. Colonel Donohoe subsetjuently served in General Devens's division of the 24th corps, and during the last year of the war was brev- etted brigadier-general for gallant conduct in the field. At the close of the war General Dono- hoe entered the railroad service of the Concord and Boston & Lowell Railroads, subsequently changing to the Lake Shore & Bee Lines, after which he was appointed inspector of the post-office department, which post he held until appointed clerk of commissioners of public institutions at Boston, a position he still most acceptably fills. General Donohoe resides at Dorchester. He was married .\ugust 21, 1862, to Eliza- beth E., the daughter of John and Isabella (McCaffrey) Mc.-\nulty. Mr. McAnulty was also one of the earliest settlers of the town of Lowell. General Donohoe has five chil- dren : I-'rancis E., Maybelle, Adelaide, Cleorge J., and Elbe Donohoe. DONOVAN, JOHN J., son of Jeremiah and Catharine (Lawler) Donovan, was born July 28, 1843, in Yonkers, Westchester county, N. Y. The public schools of Lowell, where his family settled in 1846, gave him his early educational training. He was graduated from the Lowell high school at fifteen years of age. He was also graduated from the Farnsworth Mercantile Academy. Upon leaving school he entered the em- ploy of David Gove, Lowell, and was admitted as a partner upon reaching his majority. For a number of years he was interested in the manufacture of Manila paper. He constructed all the lines of the Atlan- tic Telegraph Company east of Boston, doing business in connection with the Bal- timore & Ohio Telegraph Company. He was the promoter of this company, and is at present its treasurer. Mr. Donovan was married in Lowell, May 6, 1869, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter DONOVAN. DORCHESTER. of Augustine and Sarah (Crowley) Seede. Of this union are five children : Katharine Seede, John Augustine, Sarah Elizabeth, Grace Dorothy, and Marianna Donovan. Mr. Donovan has held many positions of honor and trust ; has been member of board of overseers of the poor ; was elected as a Democratic mayor of Lowell in 1882, JOHN J DONOVAN. and was re-elected the next year, refusing a re-nomination at the expiration of his term. In 1SS6 he was nominated for con- gressional honors in the 8th congressional district, in which election the usual Repub- lican majority was reduced to a very nar- row margin. He was president of the Democratic state convention in 1888, and his address upon that occasion was strong, able and eloquent. It confirmed his repu- tation for oratorical ability, and several thousand co|)ies of the address were pub- lished and distributed in the New England .States. The oration at the Washington centennial in Huntington Hall, Lowell, and his memorial address before the G. A. R. posts the present year, were received with especial favor. Although engaged in active business, he still finds time to indulge his literary tastes, and has been frequently heard upon the lecture platform. Some of his lectures have been of exceptional merit, especially his "Orators and Oratorical Culture,"" " Life and Times of Robert Emmett," and "Germany; Its Growth and Influence." Mr. Donovan applies himself energetic- ally to every movement that promises tO' advance the interests of the people who have honored him in the past, and who appreciate his worth to-day. DORCHESTER, Daniel, .son of Rev. Daniel and .Mary (( >tis) Dorchester, was born in Duxbury, Plymouth county, March 1 1, 1827. He received his educational training from the common schools, Norwich Acad- emy, and the Wesleyan University, Middle- town, Conn., from which institution he re- ceived the degrees of A. M. and D. D. He has given his life to the work of the church and kindred elevating and educa- ting institutions. He entered the minis- try of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which his father was an honored clergyman for many years. He has been conspicuous in the temperance reform, and in statistical stutlies, particularly in the ecclesiastical and reformatory departments of inquiry. He is an acknowledged authority, not only in religious statistics, but the religious his- tory of the United States, to which he has devoted great attention. His " Christian- ity in the United States " has been adopted as a text-book for young students for the ministry, and his " Problem of Religious Progress " has given him a world-wide fame. He was married, first in Dudley, .April 12, 1850, to Mary P., daughter of Henry and Matilda Davis of Dudley. His second marriage occurred October 12, 1875, with Marial A., daughter of Matthew and Diantha Whipple, of Charlestown, N. H.' Of the first marriage were seven children : Daniel, Jr. (professor in Boston Univer- sity), Henry Davis (deceased), Sarah C. (Woods), Ernest D., Liverus H. (clergy- man at Springfield), Wesley (deceased), and Chester O. Dorchester. In 1854 he was elected to the Connecti- cut state Senate from the 14th senatorial district. In 1854 and '55 he was chairman of the commission appointed by the Con- necticut Legislature to investigate the con- dition and improvability of idiots. In 1882 he was elected to the Massachusetts Legis- lature from the town of Natick. He has written and spoken much upon po- litico-religious and reformatory questions. He is widely known as a man of ideas and opinions which he has evolved, and for which he stands, in a progressive, conserva- tive way. DOTEN. DOTEN. I8i Entering the ministry in 1S47, he has never wavered in his allegiance to his chosen vocation. He has filled some of the most important appointments in the various conferences in which he has labored, and the leading cities of the State have been favored with his ministration. He served three terms of four years each as presiding elder in the Worcester, North Boston and Lynn districts ; has been active in the advanced temperance and prohibition movements, holding the position of chairman of the Massachu- setts constitutional prohibitory amendment committee, and president of the national league for the suppression of the liquor traffic. Besides his numerous review and news- paper articles, he is the author of "Con- cessions of Liberalists to Orthodoxy," " Problem of Religious Progress," " The Liijuor Problem in All Ages," "The Why of Methodism," "Christianity in the Uni- ted States, from the First Settlement down to the Present Time," " Romanism versus the Public School System," " History of the First M. E. Church in Lowell," " Giving and Worship," " Latest Drink Sophistries versus Total Abstinence," " Non-partisan- ship in Temperance Effort," and " The In- dictment of the Drink Traffic." The latest tribute to the recognized ability and moral standing of Dr. Dor- chester is his recent unsolicited appoint- ment, by President Harrison, as superin- tendent of Indian schools. This is a very important office, affecting the education of all the uncivilized tribes. DOTEN, Charles Carroll, son of Samuel and Rebecca (Bradford) Doten, was born in Plymouth, Plymouth county, April 9, 1833, and is a descendant in the seventh generation on his mother's side from William Bradford, the Pilgrim governor of Plymouth Colony. His early education was obtained in the common schools and high school of his native town. He gave his special atten- tion to the higher mathematics, and studied surveying, becoming in time a practical engineer. At this profession he worked for a time with Swan & Straw, Lowell, and afterwards in Plymouth. In 1857 he was engaged for a season surveying in Minnesota. In 1858 he took charge as manager of the telegraph office, Plymouth, in connection with a book store, being thus engaged for fourteen years. In April, 1872, he sold out this business and formed a partnership with W. W. Avery, in the job printing and publishing business. issuing the "Old Colony Sentinel" news- paper. In July of the same year the firm purchased the "Old Colony Memorial" ne\vs]5aper, consolidating the " Sentinel " with it, and since that time he has held the position of editor and business manager of the " Memorial." Mr. Doten was married in Boston, June ig, i860, to Mary A., daughter of Thomas B. and Bethiah (Churchill) Bartlett. Of this union were si.x children : Charles Monroe, Mary Carroll (deceased). May Carroll (deceased), Lizzie Francis, Mabel Willard and Alfred Russell Doten. Mr. Doten represented his town in the General Court two years, 1865 and '66, but has otherwise declined all civic and politi- cal honors, preferring to give attention to his private business. He is a prominent Mason and Odd Fel- low, and a member of other fraternal and benevolent societies, in all of which he has been honored by offices of trust. He is a trustee of the Plymouth Five Cents Savings Bank and of the Pilgrim Society, and is also active in literary and historical associations. Mr. Doten was commanding the Standish Guards, 3d regiment, Massachusetts volun- teer militia, as ist lieutenant at the break- ing out of the rebellion. He had been on the rolls for nine years previous to this time. In response to Governor Andrew's "Order No. 4," issued in January, 1861, his company was put in condition and reported ready for immediate duty in ca.se of war. As telegraph manager, he received the first news of the call for troops April 15, 1861, and instantly declared his inten- tion "to go if not another man left Plym- outh," and at three o'clock A. M., April 1 6th, having received orders to move, he reported his command in Boston the same morning. He was made captain of the company and served with the 3d regi- ment, "Minute Men of 1861," during the three months' campaign at Fortress Mon- roe and Hampton, Va., and took part in the destruction of Norfolk navy-yard the night of April 20, 1861. His company was the first that went to the war from Plym- outh, promptly responding, without ques- tion, and from motives of patriotism alone. He afterwards served as captain in the 38th Massachusetts regiment in Louisiana, and received commendation from superior offi- cers " for courage and coolness in action and care for the welfare of the men under his command." Captain Doten is a member of Colling- wood Post 76, (;. A. R., of Plymouth. 1 84 DOUGLAS. DOWSE. DOUGLAS, Norman B., son of Edwin B. and Naomi ('rupper) Douglas, was born at Middlebury, Addison county, Vt., August I, 1844. He received his early education in the common schools of Middlebury until the age of eleven, when he removed to Shore- ham, Vt. He there attended the common school during the winter sessions until fif- teen years of age. He subsequently at- tended Newton Academy, Shoreham, six terms, and Brandon Seminary two terms. Upon leaving school he assisted his father on his farm until 1878, when he pur- chased the farm he now occupies at Sher- born. Besides being much interested in stock raising and butter making on his farm, Mr. Douglas is president of the Patrons' Mutual Fire Insurance Company, a position he has held since its organiza- tion, April, 1887. In August, 1862, he enlisted as private in company D, 14th ^'erm^)nt infantry volunteers ; served in the army of the Potomac ; took part in the Gettysburg campaign in 1863 ; and was mustered out of service in August, 1863. He is a member of Post 63, G. A. R., South Framingham, also of Union Lodge, F. & A. M., Middlebury, Vt. ; Potter Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Middlebury, and of Natick Commandery, K. T., Natick. He has been master of Sherborn Grange, P. of H., three year.s ; master of Middlesex and Norfolk Union Grange three years ; member of the executive committee of Massachusetts State (irange five years. He is now president of Middlesex South .•Agri- cultural Society ; overseer of Massachu- setts State Grange ; member of the board of selectmen and board of assessors of the town of Sherborn. Mr. Douglas has been twice married — first at Brandon, Vt., November 4, 1867, to Annah D., daughter of Dr. Charles and Mary (Mansl'ield) Backus, who died in 1869. His second marriage was April 26, 1876, with Mrs. Laura Cook Barnes, daughter of Capron C. and Elizabeth (Houghton) Cook, of West Newton. He has no children. DOWSE, Edmund, son of Benjamin and Thankful (Chamberlain) Dowse, was born in Sherborn, Middlesex county, Sep- tember 17, 1813. He attended the schools of his native town, and fitted for college at the old Wrentham Academy. In 1836 he was graduated from Amherst College. His alma mater has since conferred upon him the degree of D. D. Dr. Dowse studied theology with the late Dr. Jacob Ide. of Medway, and was ordained and settled as pastor of the Pilgrim Society, the evangelical Congre- gational church of his native town, Octo- ber 10, 1838, where, for fifty years, he has continued his ministry. The Dowse family settled in Sherborn in 1775, and at the date of Mr. Dowse's ordination his father and grandfather were members of his congregation. The familv originally came from Broughton, England, and "Edmund" has long been a family name. Sir Edmund Dowse, living in 1625, left in the latter town a memorial in the EDMUND DOWSE. form of a charity-school called " Dowse's Charity." Dr. Dowse has always taken an active interest in educational matters, hav- ing served fifty years as a member of the school committee of Sherborn. Soon after his settlement. Dr. Dowse was married to Elizabeth R. Leland, who died in 1842. His second wife, Elizabeth liowditch, was a lady of rare ability, who dietl January 12, 1864, and was the mother of four children : Sarah, Priscilla, Deb- orah P. ( .Mrs. Lowell Coolidge), and Wil- liam Bradford Homer Dowse. The last two only are living. Elizabeth R. L., by his first wife, died in 1876, after a life full of good works. In the latter part DRAI'KR. DRAPER. 185 of 1865 Dr. Dowse married Caroline Davis. Dr. Dowse served as chaplain in the Christian Commission in the war of the rebellion, with the army of the Cumber- land. He was a member of the state Senate for 1869 and '70, and has for ten consecutive years served as chaplain of that honorable body. Dr. Dowse is eminently a man answer- ing Goldsmith's description of a country clergyman. He is certainly one of the survivors of that old school of clergy to whom James Russell Lowell refers as liv- ing lessons of piety, industry, frugalitv, and temperance, and who, with the magis- trates, were a recognized aristocracy. DRAPER, James Sumner, eldest son of Deacon James and Elizabeth (Sumner) Draper, was born in Wayland (then East Sudbury), Middlesex county, August 18, 181 1, where he has since resided. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public schools, supplemented by a short attendance in academies in Marlborough and Concord. His chief occupation has been farming, with the accompanying employment of land sur- veying ; but his tastes have led him to read quite extensively in the fields of science, literature, theology and religion. His individuality is clearly marked, and he may be safely classed in the list of re- formers. At seventeen he was the only absolute teetotaler among his companions. When theological questions became sharply defined, he was found in the ranks of liberal Unitarians. In 1833 he espoused the cause of anti- slavery, and continued in his adherence thereto until the emancipation. About the same time he became a staunch supporter of female suffrage, and is still firm in the ranks. From 1835 to '50 his energies were especially devoted to the moral and religi- ous culture of the young, through temper- ance organizations and the Sunday-school, and to their general education in the com- mon schools. During the war period he was a zealous Unionist, although he had previously been opposed, on principle, to the use of armed force in the settlement of disputed C|ues- tions. Two of his sons were among those who volunteered in 1862 for three years' service. .\t the close of the war lie ob- tained material for a sketch of each Wayland soldier's army life, as a memorial of their services to the country, making a quarto volume of 452 pp., published by the town. He has aimed in his political duties to be patriotic rather than partisan, from his first electoral vote for Henry Clay m 1832 to his last for Harrison in 1888. In 1846 he joined the Free Soil party, and ten years later became a member of the Republican organization. He has held a justice's commission since 1857. Largely through his efforts came the establishment, in 1848, of the Wayland public library (the first in the State). For twenty years he officiated as librarian, and greatly developed its usefulness. In local improvements he has taken a conspicuous part, as the shade trees bordering some of the streets of his native town will long bear witness. The inception of the Massachusetts Central Railroad was the result of a letter from his pen to a gentleman in Barre, in 1867, and the persistency of his efforts was seen in procuring its charter and securing stock subscriptions. He gave to this enterprise, as director, twelve years of the best working period of his life, during ten of which he was clerk of the board. For nearly thirty-nine years he has made careful and extensive investigations into the merits of Spiritualism, and has satis- fied himself of the truth of its most im- portant claims, with an increased confi- dence of its being a power destined to take high rank in the evolution of human destiny. He attributes whatever success in life he has attained to the e.xcellent influences of his paternal home. Mr. Draper was married in his native town, .\ugust 1 8, 1834, to Emeline A., daughter of Nathaniel and Miliscent (Rice) Reeves. Their children are : James .Aus- tin, Charles Herbert, Frank Winthrop, F^lla Elizabeth and Wallace Sherwin Draper. DRAPER, William Franklin, son of George and Hannah E. (Thwing) Draper, was born in Lowell, Middlesex county, April 9, 1842. He received his early education in the common schools of his native city, sup- plementing their advantages with a year or two of academic training. At the age of sixteen he went to work in a cotton mill, making a study of the processes of the manufacture of cotton goods. At nineteen years of age he enlisted as a private in company B, 25th regiment Mas- sachusetts volunteers, a company recruited in .Milford. He was promoted through the various grades to that of ist lieutenant and when the 36th regiment was formed in ^Vorcester, he was commissioned captain of compan\- F. 1 86 DRAPER. DUBUQUE. His faithful and gallant service led to his promotion to major and lieutenant- colonel, and while holding the latter rank, he commanded a brigade in the army of the Potomac. He was severely wounded in one of the battles of the Wilderness, so severely, indeed, that he was given up for dead, but after three months at home, he re- turned to the front, and joined his regiment a short time before the war closed. He was brevet-brigadier-general when mustered out. Returning from the front, he joined his father in business, under the firm name of (ieorge ])raper iS; Sons. The same title is still retained by the firm, although the subject of our sketch is senior member. General Draper is a well-known manu- facturer, being president, treasurer, or di- rector of more than twenty different com- panies, viz. : president of the Milford & Woonsocket Railroad, Hopkinton Railroad, Franklin Cotton Manufacturing Company, Hopedale Elastic Fabric Company, Hope- dale Machine Screw Company, Dutcher WILLIAM F. DRAPER. Temple Coniiiany, Thomson Electric Weld- ing Company (Lynn) ; treasurer of the Hopedale Machine Company ; director of the Milford National Bank, Barnaby Manu- facturing Company (Fall River), Grinnell Manufacturing Company (New Bedford), Henderson Cotton ^lills (Kentucky), Shaw Stocking Company (Lowell), Glasgo Yarn Mills (Norwich, Conn.), Glasgo Thread Company (Worcester), Ferracute Machine Company (Bridgeton, N. J.), Milford Water Company, Milford Electric Light Com- pany, Milford Shoe Factory, Sole Laying Machine Company (Boston), Sawyer Spin- dle Company (Boston), American Mutual Liability Insurance Company (Boston), Merchants' and Farmers' iVIutual Fire In- surance Company (Worcester), Worcester Manufacturers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and is trustee of the Milford Savings Bank. (General Draper was a delegate to the national Republican convention which nominated President Hayes ; a member of Governor Long's staff, and presidential elector-at-Iarge on the Republican ticket, 1888. His church connections are with the Hopedale parish (Unitarian), of which he was for many years treasurer and trustee. He is a member of the Union and Al- gonquin clubs, Boston ; American Club, London ; Hope Club, Providence, R. I. ; Springfield Club ; Worcester Club ; Massa- chusetts Club, Boston ; Eastern Yacht Club ; Quidnunc Clu'o, Milford ; Commer- cial Club, Fall River. He is a Sir Knight in Milford Commandery, and a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. General Draper was married in Hope- dale, Mass. (his present residence), Sep- tember 15, 1862, to Lydia D. W., daughter of David and Charlotte (Austin) Joy, who died February 18, 1884. Of this union are five children : William F., Cieorge Otis, Edith, Arthur J., and Clare Draper. DUBUQUE, Hugo ADELARD, son of Moise and Esther (Mathieu) I )ubuque, was born in Canada, November 3, 1S54. He obtained his early education in the common schools and college at St. Hyacinth, P. Q., and was graduated from the latter in the class of i869-'7o. He came to Troy, N. Y., in 1870 ; worked as clerk in a boot and shoe store for a few months ; then came to Fall River in the summer of 1870, working as clerk in a grocery and drug store until June, 1874. During these years he had saved from his earnings sufficient to enable him to prosecute the studies preparatory to enter- ing upon his chosen profession. He entered Boston University law school, and having passed the full course, was graduated in the class of 1877, with the degree of LL. B. He was admitted to the bar in Novem- ber of that year, and began the practice of law in Fall River, where he is still in full DUBUQUE. DUDLEY. 187 practice, and has associated with liim Edward Hisjijinson, the present city solici- tor, under the firm name of ])ubuque & Higginson. Mr. Dubucine was married in Fall River, May 15, 1881, to Annie M., daughter of HUGO A. DUBUQUE. William and Abbie (Maley) Coughlin. Of this union are twin daughters: Pauline and Helene Dubuque. Mr. Dubutiue is honorary president of a literary society called Cercle Sa/aberry, and a benevolent society called the Ligue des Patriotes ; has lectured on the subjects of naturalization and education before French Canadians in New England for several years. He has spoken during political campaigns throughout the Eastern States since 1884. In politics Mr. Dubuque is a staunch Republican. He was elected member of the Fall River school board in 1883 ; served for three years, and was re- elected for a three years' term in 1886. He was a member of the Legislature of 1889, serving on the judiciary committee, and taking a leading part in every debate of importance. He is a ready speaker in French or English. He is secretary of the Fall River Hospital ; was recommended for consul-general at Montreal by the full congressional delegation of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Hamj-jshire. He has written considerably on histori- cal, political and social questions ; is the author of " Historical Sketch of French Canadians" in the "History of Bristol County," and of the sketch on the same subject in French, contained in the " Guide Caiiadien-Francaist\" of Fall River (1888). He has contributed many articles to French Canadian papers of the United States. Mr. Dubuque is the leading representa- tive of the French Canadian population in New England : their generally acknowl- edged counselor and authority, honored and respected by them as well as by his associates in the country of his adoption. The founder of the city of Dubuque, Iowa, was his grand-uncle. His father, Moise Dubuque, was among the early ex- plorers and pioneers of the great West, having settled in California and Montana from 1840 to 1850. His father died at St. Louis, Mo., on his return from a trip to Montana, about 1865. DUDLEY, Levi Edwin, son of John (iilman and Mary Clark (Townsend) Dud- ley, was born in North Troy, Orleans count)', Vt., October 18, 1842. He was educated in the public schools of his native place, was quick and studi- ous, making good use of the limited ad- vantages in his reach. He worked with his father on the farm till 1857, when he went to reside with his maternal grand- father, Samuel Simonds Townsend, in Lynn, where he attended the grammar school for some months. He was then placed in a drug store to learn the business, and re- mained until i860, when he accepted a similar position in Boston, remaining until the breaking out of the war in 1861. He then enlisted in the 13th regiment, Massa- chusetts volunteers, and served until the close of the war in the army of the Potomac. He gained the rank of hospital- steward in the regular army. His further promotion was prevented by ill health, resulting from typhoid fever, contracted in the service. During the last year of the war he was the commissary-steward of Lincoln General Hospital, Washington, D. C. \X the close of the war Mr. Dudley was honorably discharged from the army, antl appointed a clerk in the internal revenue bureau of the treasury department. .■Miout this time he was also chosen president of an organization of e.x-union soldiers and sailors. In 1866, when the contest between President Johnson and Congress became i88 DUDLEY. DUDLEY. very heated, some soldiers who were hi sympathy with the president's poHcy caUed a convention of ex-union soldiers and sailors who favored Mr. Johnson, to meet at Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Dudley read the call, and then arranged for a convention of the veterans who favored the policy of Congress, to meet in Pittsburgh, Pa. This last was unanimously approved by the soldiers' union. It resulted in congratu- latory epistles pouring in from every sec- tion of the country, and his unanimous call to the chair in that enormous gather- ing of the country's defenders, to which he was escorted by General Benjamin F. Butler and General J. F. Farnsworth of Illinois. His popularity at this meeting was in no small degree due to the fact that it had been suggested to him by the secretary of the treasury, Hon. Hugh Mc- Culloch, that if he refrained from attend- ing the convention he would continue to hold his position in the treasury depart- ment. He resigned his position, and went. Returning to Washington, Mr. Dudley entered the employment of the " Great Republic," then published by Hon. G. F. Edmunds. He was active in forming equal suffrage leagues, an active worker in the organization of the G. A. R.; was secre- tary of the ist national encampment, and there elected adjutant-general, but de- clined the office in favor of another. He was the first commander of the department of the Potomac, G. A. R., and organized posts and departments in all the states east of the Alleghanies. From 1867 to '71 he was engaged in party work with the Republican congres- sional committee, on the " Richmond State Journal," and in the reconstruction cam- paign in Virginia. He was military sec- retary and aide-de-camp to the governor of Virginia with the rank of colonel. While in Richmond he was admitted to the bar as attorney and counselor-at-law, and to the bar of the supreme court of the United States in 1889. In 1871 he removed to New York City, and was for a time traveling salesman for a crockery house. He took ])art in the Grant cam- paign of 1872, and in the fall of that year was appointed superintendent of Indian affairs for the territory of New Me.xico. He remained in this office until it was abolished in 1874. He was afterwards special commissioner of Indian affairs, and later on, clerk in the post-office department in Washington. In 1877 Colonel Dudley returned to his former home, in Boston, and was soon made superintendent of the Lamina Wood Company. In 1SS2 he was elected to the secretaryship of the Law and Order League of Massachusetts, which position he still holds. He is also secretary of the National Law and Order League. In 1884 he founded a weekly paper — the "Law and Order" — and edited it himself for two years. He is still a frequent contributor to magazines and the general press, on the law and order movement, the temperance question, the Indian problem, and social and economic questions. Colonel Dudley is a lineal descendant in the seventh generation from the famous Governor Thomas Dudley, who had the somewhat remarkable honor of being called upon to serve the Commonwealth under the first charter, as deputy-governor or governor eighteen years, he being the nominee at eight different elections. DUDLEY, Lewis Joel, was born in Guilford, New Haven county. Conn., No- vember II, 1815. He is the son of Joel and Harriet (Griswold) Dudley. He was brought up on a farm remote from the centre of the town, and put to work there- on at a very early age, attending the dis- trict school only in winter. He began the preparation for college at the Guilford Academy at the age of seven- teen ; continued the same at the academy of Worthington Village in Berlin, Conn., and entered Yale College at the age of nineteen. After graduation he taught the Lewis Academy in Southington, Conn., for one year, the Brainard Academy at Haddam, Coiln., the next year, and in 1840 became tutor at Yale. Meanwhile he attended Dr. Taylor's lectures on theology, moral government, and mental philosophy, in repeated courses. Leaving the tutorship in 1846, he spent the next year in the Yale law school, and hav- ing previously attended the lectures, re- ceived the degree of LL. B., in 1847. He passed the following year in the law office of Hungerford & Cone at Hartford, and was admitted to the bar in 1848. In 1S49, at the suggestion of a high offi- cial at Yale, he opened a classical school at Northampton, Mass., to prepare pupils for college. This school was a success, and continued to flourish fourteen years, having pupils from almost every state in the Union. It was suspended in 1862 for reasons at- tributable to the then raging civil war. Mr. Dudley devoted his energies to the enlistment of the Northampton quota of soldiers, and to their comfort in the field. DUDLEY, DUNHAM. 189 He was sent to the state Senate in 1864, and made a member of the state valuation committee of the same year ; was a mem- ber of the House of Representatives in 1865, '66, '67, and '73. In the Legislature of 1867 he was active in procuring a charter for the Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes in Northampton, and has ever since been largely interested in the management of its affairs under the corporation. He is president of the institution, and chairman of the school committee. He devoted much time and outlay in se- curing direct railroad communication be- tween Northampton and Boston by means of the Massachusetts Central Railroad, of which he was for thirteen years a director. He married. May 7, 185 i, Theresa Hunt Bates of Northampton, third daughter of the late Hon. Isaac C. Bates — colleague with Daniel Webster in the United States Senate. They have had two children : Theresa Bates, born in 1852, who died in 1853, and Etta Theresa Bates, born March 20, 1S54. The latter is the first case in the country of a person congenitally deaf, achieving articulation and lip-reading so successfully as to mingle freely in society, and to experience little ditificulty in com- municating with the hearing and speaking world. DUDLEY, Samuel F., son of Aaron and Sophia (Frail) Dudley, was born in Leverett, Franklin county, October 31, 1812. His educational advantages were very meagre. He attended school but two months during the year, and that in the winter season. He had also to walk a distance of two and a half miles to the school-house, but nevertheless attended in that manner until he was seventeen years old. He then began to work for a farmer by the month, and continued in that em- ployment until he reached his majority, when he commenced business upon his own account. He purchased a .small farm in Leverett, and also engaged to some extent in lum- bering. In early days he ran his lumber down the Connecticut River in rafts. He subsequently sold his farm and purchased one in Shutesbury, adjoining Leverett, where he has since resided, engaged in the same business. He has been largely identified with the best interests of the town and county. In 1844 he served in the Legislature and was re-elected in 1852. He was a member of the board of selectmen nine years in suc- cession, and has also served in that capac- ity at various other times. He has been special county commissioner one term, and starting as a corporal in the volunteer militia, he worked his way up through all the intermediate grades ; he served as lieu- tenant-colonel seven years, and held a commission as colonel for three years. He is a Republican in politics, and takes an active interest in the political movements of the day, and also in educational subjects. Mr. Dudley married on the 8th of March, 1838, Jemima, daughter of Richard Prouty, of Shutesbury, who died April 7, 1880. They have had eight children : George S., Richard A., Sophia J., Angle M., Muriel O., (deceased July 9, 1849), Rosella V., Alfred P., and Arthur B. Dudley. DUNBAR, JAMES ROBERT, son of Henry W. and Elizabeth (Richards) Dun- bar, was born in Pittsfield, Berkshire county, December 23, 1847. Fitting for college in the excellent pub- lic schools of Pittsfield, he entered \V\\- liams College, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 187 i. In 1874 he formed a partnership with Hon. M. B. Whitney, of Westfield, in the practice of law, having previously studied with him and having spent six months at the Harvard law school. In 1888 he was appointed by Governor Ames judge of the superior court. Judge Dunbar was married in Westfield, May 15, 1875, to Harriet P., daughter of CJeorge A. and Electa N. (Lincoln) Walton. Of this union were four children : Ralph W., Philip R., Ruth, and Helen L. Dunbar. Judge Dunbar served m the state Sen- ate, 1885 and '86. His residence is West Newton. He has not been u])on the bench long enough to enable an absolute esti- mate to be made of his judicial qualities, but his record thus far for clear judgment and conscientious courage is most gratify- ing. It was this last quality which drew special public attention to him, when, as chairman of the committee on resolutions in the Republican convention of 1887, after reading the resolutions prepared by the committee, he boldly stated to the unsym- pathetic gathering that he dissented from the plank in the platform recommending constitutional prohibition. DUNHAM, HENRY J., .son of Bradish and Candace (Cornell) Dunham, was born in .Savoy, Berkshire county, June 26, 1832, and received his early education in the common schools of his native town. LTpon leaving school he spent four years with Ingalls, Tyler & Co., woolen manu- igo DUNHAM. DURYEA. facturers, of North Adams, and then en- tered the office of Mr. Jonathan E. Field, at Stockbridge, to stud)^ law. He was subsequently taken into partnership by Mr. Field in the law practice and gen- eral insurance business. Mr. Dunham was admitted to the bar in i860, and upon the death of Mr. Field, in 1868, he came into the full practice alone, which he now carries on as attorney- at-law and real estate agent at Stock- bridge. He is president of the Stockbridge Li- brary Association and chairman of the board of control. He was United States assistant internal revenue assessor for sev- eral years ; chairman of the board of select- men of Stockbridge seventeen years ; mem- ber of the House of Representatives for 187 1, '81 and '84. He was largely interested in the incor- poration of the Stockbridge Water Com- HENRY J DUNHAM pany in 1S62, and had the management of the company for twenty-five years, resign- ing in 1887. He was for some years treasurer of the Stockbridge Savings Bank ; has been its trustee since its organization, and is now its attorney. He is also carrying on the woolen mill at Glendale, as trustee of F. W. Adams. Mr. Dunham was married at New Leb- anon, N. Y., March 25, 1854, to Malvina, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth Gates, who died January 25, 1865. His second marriage at New Lebanon, N. Y., February 15, 1866, was with Sarah F., daughter of John C. and Mary Bostwick. He'has five surviving children : Arthur H., a graduate of Williams ; Etta F., William W., Hattie E., and Carrie L. Dunham. His eldest daughter, Delsie M., died October 30, 18S0, aged twenty-one years. He is president of the " South Berkshire Sportsmen Club," organized for the pro- tection of fish and game. In 1858, when the law was enacted authorizing the designation of certain jus- tices of the peace to try criminal cases, Mr. Dunham was designated anil appointed to the office, which he still holds under the title of trial justice. DURYEA, JOSEPH TUTHILL, the son of Abraham and Elizabeth Duryea, was born in Jamaica, Queens county. Long Lsland, N. Y., December 9, 1832. His ancestry was English and French (Hugue- not). His father's family came to New York with the Dutch, settling what now is the city of Brooklyn ; his mother's came to Saybrook, Conij., about i65o-'6o, re- moving subsequently to the Hamptons, Long Island. He prepared for college at Union Hall Academy. He entered Princeton College in 1852, and graduated in 1856. The same year he became a student at the theolog- ical seminary at Princeton, and the year following was appointed tutor in Greek, and afterwards in rhetoric. During the whole period of his course of education he had studied music, in theory and har- mony, used the violin, 'cello, and organ, and during his college life was the musical director and organist of the chapel. He was also the leader of a chorus and orches- tra in the town. AV'hile preparing for college, he decided to fit himself to enter upon the business of literary and musical publication, and accordingly acquired a practical knowl- edge of printing in all its departments. Three eminent men, friends of the family, each without knowing the intentions of the others, advised him to prepare for the ser- vice of a Christian minister. He was licensed to preach, in the autumn of 1858, by the presbytery of Nassau, L. I. In 1859 he was ordained by the presbytery of Troy, and installed as pastor of the Sec- ond Presbyterian church, Troy. Here he remained three years. During this period IjURYEA. DUTTON. 191 he was invited to prominent cliurclies in the East, West, and South, but preferred to remain with his people, until he became convinced that the climate was too severe for a constitution ahva\'s delicate. In April, 1862, he accepted a call to become one of the pastors of the CoUet;!- ate Reformed Dutch Church, New York, with Drs. DeWitt, \'ermilyea, and Cham- i»»"^' JOSEPH T. DURYEA. bers, as associates. Here he remained over five years. During this period he was engaged, with the co-operation of his people, in the work of the United States Christian Commission, the Amer- ican Union Commission, visiting the army, and addressing assemblies in the principal cities of the country, and in Union Square, New York, on behalf of the government and the army, and the sufferers by the war. After the war he assisted in the organiza- tion of the Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation, the erection of the building on 23d Street and the re-organization of the city mission, and the erection of its chapels in various parts of the city. He left New York for Brooklyn, on account of the opportunity offered by the growth of population for enterprise in churcii extension. He served as pastor of the Classon Avenue Presbyterian church about eleven years. During this period his congregation completed their commo- dious house . of worship, and assisted to found four other churches, all of which are now flourishing organizations. They also conducted a comprehensive mission work in various destitute neighborhoods of the city, and did pioneer service in meth- ods of temporal relief, now organized under the titles " The Fresh Air P"und " and "The Country ^^'eek." During these two periods of his ministry, he was invited to the presidency of two col- leges, and to a chair in a theological sem- inary, and to several churches in New York, Boston, San Francisco, and other cities. He had also acted as director in Princeton theological seminary, and the theological seminary in New Brunswick, N. J. In 1879 he received a call from the Cen- tral Congregational church, Boston, where he was installed April 17th, and of which church he is at present the pastor. In 1885 he was called to the presidency of Union University, at Schenectady, N. Y. For two years, in connection with his pastorate in Boston, he occupied the chair of biblical theology at Andover Sem- inary ; during one year the chair of polit- ical economy in Boston University, and for eight years was special lecturer in phil- osophy at Wellesley College. Among his publications are " The Pres- byterian Hymnal," " The Psalter for use in Worship," "Vesper Services," "Oration before the Alumni of Princeton," in com- memoration of the graduates who served in the army of the Union, " Oration before the Alumni of the Theological Seminary at Princeton," "Address before the Cabi- net, Senate, House of Representatives, Officers of the Army and Navy of the United States, on Washington's Birthday," during the period of the war, and several sermons. DUTTON, Benjamin Franklin, son of Ephraim and Phcsbe (Wilson) Dutton, was born in Hillsborough, Hillsborough county, N. H., October 14, 1S31. After leaving the public schools, he was sent to Norwich, Vt., where he had the advantages of a private class under the well known Captain Partridge. From this institution he was graduated in 1851. After graduating he went to Washington, D. C, and having established a reputation as teacher of penmanship and book-keep- ing, he opened a commercial college, in Ale.xandria, Va., and was successful from the start. His father's health failing, he was recalled to his native place, and was in business 192 BUTTON. DWIGHT. with his father, at Hillsborough Bridge, N. H., for seven years. He then came to Boston, in 1859, and went into the small ware and millinery jobbing business, in which he remained fifteen years, first in the firm of B. F. Button & Co., then Button & Wvman, then Brown & Button, and lastly, B.'F. Button & Co. While always successful, so far as his own financial management was concerned, he passed through many vicissitudes inci- dent to the trade during these years, but never weakening under pressure, and always preserving his commercial integrity and gaining in financial ability. No I BENJAMIN F. DUTTON. obstacle has ever presented itself, however insuperable in aspect, that he has not been able to overcome or circumvent by a change of financial tactics. For the last fifteen years Mr. Button has been asso- ciated as partner and financial inanager in the well-known house of Houghton & Button, Boston. This was one of the first " department " stores established in this country, and from a comparatively modest beginning has grown until it has assumed its present colossal proportions. Mr. Button was first married in Hills- borough, in 185 1, to Harriet L., daughter of Br. Elisha and Sophia (Kingsbury) Hatch. Of this union were three children : Ellen, Harry and Hattie Button. His second marriage was in Enfield, N. H., in i860, to Harriet M., daughter of George W. and Louisa A. (Merrill) Conant. Their children are: Cora, Frank, George C, Clara M. and Nina Button. Mr. Button is connected with the Con- gregational church. He is, and has always been, a Bemocrat, having cast his first vote for Franklin Pierce. DWIGHT, JOHN Sullivan, son of Br. John 1) wight of liostun (Harvard 1800), and Mary (Corey) Bwight, was born in Boston, May 13, 1813. His early school days were passed in home and private school instruc- tion, later on in grammar and Latin schools, five years under B. A. Gould and F. P. Leverett. He entered Harvard in 1828, and was graduated in the class of 1832. He then entered Harvard divinity school, and was graduated in 1836. He then preached in Unitarian churches si.x years ; settled in Northampton one year ; joined the Firook Farm Association, where he remained five years teaching classics and music, farming, gardening, etc., and editing the " Harbinger." He established " Bwight's Journal of Music " in April, 1852 ; owned and edited it until September, 1881. Long previous to this, as early as 1839, he had published a volume of translations of smaller poems of Goethe and Schiller. His tastes were literary, and his time at present is spent in his home in Boston, in literary and critical work. Mr. Bwight was married in Boston, in 185 I, to Mary, daughter of Silas and Mary (Barrett) Bullard, who died in i860, leav- ing no issue. Mr. Bwight is a trustee of the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind. He is president of the Harvard Musical Association, an office he has held for the past si.xteen years, and is a recognized au- thority on all matters pertaining to the history and interpretation of music, which finds Boston so congenial a home. To none more than Mr. r)wight is perhaps due the prominence and perfection which that art has acquired in the city of his birth. DWIGHT, William George, son of Br. William and Helen j\L (Clark) Bwight, was born in Bernardston, Franklin county, September 21, 1859. His preparatory studies were in the dis- trict schools of Bernardston, the Powers Listitute of that town, and in the Amherst high school. He was graduated from Am- DWINELL. DYER. 193 herst College in the class of 1881. He began his newspaper career as reporter on the " Springfield Daily Union," and was afterwards connected with the " Holyoke Daily Transcript," to the sole proprietor- ship of which paper he succeeded in 1888. Mr. Dwight was married in Malone, N. Y., Jnly 28, 1888, to Annie M., daughter of David and Aurelia (Percy) Bush. Too much engaged in tiie management of his paper to seek for office, he has not served his city in any public capacity. He is a young man of energy and ability, which is shown in the fearless and able manner in which he edits and conducts his paper, which is recognized as one of the leading journals of western Massachusetts. DWINELL, James Fisher, son of Amos and Achsa Dwineli, was born in Newport, Sullivan county, N. H., July 23, 1825. His parents removed in 1826 to Marshfield, Vt., where he remained on the farm, except when at school, until 1845, when he went to Charlestown, Mass. Dis- trict and select schools in Marshfield and the Lowell high school furnished his edu- cational training. In 1845 he began work, peddling tin and glass ware. Two years Later he was in the dry-goods business for a short time in Lowell. November, 184S, he bought an express team and located at Haymarket Square, Boston. In 1850 he sold the express busi- ness and bought a half interest in a coffee- roasting business, under the firm name of Taylor & Dwineli. In 185 1 he bought out Mr. Taylor's interest and took another partner. In November, 1852, he sold the business, bought out another coffee busi- ness, and after enlarging his sphere of action, changing co-partnership several times, extending the business until it em- braced the manufacture of spices, he be- came sole proprietor in 1876. In 1877 the spice firm of Hayward & Co. united their business with his, under the firm name of Dwineli, Hayward & Co., which is the present commercial title of the house. Mr. Dwineli was married in New Hamp- ton, N. H., November 27, 1849, to Martha C, daughter of Noah and Martha Mason. Of this union are three children : James H.. Emily F., and Mattie A. Dwineli. Mr. Dwineli was a member of the House of Representatives 1859 and '60, from Charlestown ; member of the board of al- dermen 1863, '64, and '65 ; member of the Republican city committee from the or- ganization of the party until 1867, when lie removed to Winchester. During this time he was a member of the Republican state central committee two years, and was again a member from 1S70 to '72. He was a delegate to the national Republican con- JAMES F. DWINELL. vention in 1876. He has been a member of the Winchester cown water board from 1872 to the present time, and its chairman the past eight years. He was again a mem- ber of the House in 1883, and again a mem- ber of the state central committee for 1888. In 1889 he was elected to the Senate and served on the committees on drainage and water supply. He is a prominent Mason of the thirty-second degree in the Scottish Rite. He has been an active, and is now an honorary member of the Boston Lancers. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. He worships with the Congregational church, though not a member. He was a charter member of Winchester Savings Bank, in- corporated in 187 1, and is vice-president, trustee, and member of the investment committee. DYER, David HaRTWELL, son of David and Silvia (Jackson) Dyer, was born in Lee, Penobscot county, Maine, September 16, 1833. The family moved to Fall River in 1844. He availed himself of the advantages for an education furnished by the public schools, closing his studies by one year's attendance at the high school. 194 DY I-: R. DVEK. Soon after arriving in Fall River he went to work as an operative in the old 'I'roy Mill. He worked in various cotton mills until fourteen. From fourteen until eight- een, he worked at nail-making, learning the trade. From eighteen to twenty were his last two years of school attendance. He then was employed by the American Linen Company as book-keeper from Janu- ary I, 1853, until 1S65, with the exception of the time spent in the service of his country. His present vocation is that of civil and mechanical engineer, making mill engineering a specialty. Mr. Dyer was married in Fall River, November 23, 1858, to Mary Flizabeth, daughter of Job Borden and Abby (.Mian) French. Of this union were three children: Susan Chace, William Allan and George French Dyer. Mr. Dyer was the first volunteer from Fall River at the breaking out of the war. He enlisted in company A, 7th Massachu- setts volunteers, of which he was com- missioned captain by Governor John A. .Andrew, and was mustered into service June 15, 1861. He assisted in the organi- DAVID H. OYER. zation of the 3d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers ; was also captain of the 5th and 2ist unattached companies, Massa- chusetts volunteers, raised for short terms in 1864. He received well-deserved com- pliments from General Couch and Gover- nor Andrew for meritorious conduct dur- ing the war. He is now quartermaster of Post 46, G. A. R. He has been treasurer of Mechanics Mills, Weetamoe Mills, Saga- more Mills and Quequecham Mills, and manager of Wilmington Cotton Mills ; director at various times of Mechanics, Weetamoe, Sagamore, Osborne and Flint Mills ; is now director of Sagamore Manu- facturing Company and clerk of the cor- poration, and has been a member of the New England Cotton Manufacturing Asso- ciation about twenty years. He is also president of the Glen Mills. He is promi- nently identified with the Baptist church, and has always been active in Sunday- school work. Mr. Dyer learned the science of engineer- ing and manufacturing by personal appli- cation and study, without the aid of schools or teachers. In the winter of 1885 he visited most of the states in Mexico to inves- tigate the condition of manufacturing in that country, and spent two months at Monclova and Paras, State of Coahuila, Mexico, winter of 1888, making plans for alterations in mills. Mr. Dyer has been at the head and front in organizing mill companies in Fall River, and as a mechanical engineer has earned laurels in the plans and construction of nearly twenty of the great cotton mills that have raised Fall River to the first rank of cotton manufacturing cities in New England. He has shown financial ability in his entire business career, notably in saving the Sagamore Mill corporation from ruin, and placing it on a sound financial basis, during the panic of 1873. He has also planned and constructed mills in the South, and represented southern houses in the cotton interest. Since 1886 he has given his attention to mechanical engineer- ing as applied to cotton mill work. DYER, Samuel, son of Thomas and Ruth (Collins) Dyer, was born in 'I'ruro, Barnstable county, August 22, 1S19. His early education was limited to the common schools. He entered business life for himself in the town of Truro, in 1848, in dry goods and groceries. He subsec|uently changed his business to that of dealer in wood, coal, lumber and grain. Mr. Dyer was married in Truro, Febru- ary, 1849, to Betsey Hopkins, daughter of Solomon and Betsey Paine. Of this union are two children : Samuel Dyer, Jr., and Mrs. .Amelia F. Ryder. EATON. EATON. 195 Mr. Dyer has been selectman, overseer of the poor, assessor, member of the school board, and justice of the peace ; he lias been a member of the parish committee of the Congregational church in Truro for several years. He has been moderator of the town meetings for more than twenty- five years. At twelve years of age he went to sea, and at twenty-four com- manded a vessel, and at one time was in the employ of the United States Gov- ernment, as contractor for removing rock from Wellfleet harbor, and building a dike at Beach point. Mr. Dyer, during his long and honor- able career, has always contributed to those movements tending to improve and enlarge the usefulness of his native town, and is justly held in high repute by his fellow-townsmen. EATON, Chester W., son of Lilley and Eliza (Nichols) Eaton, was born in South Reading (now Wakefield), Middle- se.x county, January 13, 1839. His father, Hon. Lilley Eaton, was the historian of the towns of Reading and Wakefield. CHESTER W. EATON. He was an attendant at the district schools and high school of his native place ; fitted for the Chandler scientific depart- ment of Dartmouth College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1859. He then studied for the legal profession at the Harvard law school. He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1864, and immediately commenced the practice of the law in South Reading. In 1868 he opened another law office in Boston, still retaining that in South Read- ing. In 1880 he added the business of publisher and editor of the "Wakefield Citizen and Banner." To this was joined a real estate business, in 1886. Mr. Eaton was married in Rye, N. H., May 14, 1868, to Emma G., daughter of Rev. Giles and Elizabeth (Thompson) Leach. Of this union were three children : Richard Gardner, Theodore, and Emma Florence Eaton. , Mr. Eaton has held the following offices : town clerk, town collector, member of the school board, trustee of the public library, justice of the peace and notary public (twenty-five years), trial justice, and treas- urer of the Wakefield Savings Bank. During the war of the rebellion he served as a private in the 50th Massachusetts regiment, engaging in the campaign end- ing in ihe surrender of Port Hudson, La. EATON, Everett J., son of William and Sally (Johnson) Eaton, was born in X'eedham, Norfolk county, December 23, '837. He obtained his education in the com- mon schools of his native town. After leaving school he worked a year in a pro- vision store in Boston. Two years he was in the employ of his brother as assistant at the post-office and station of the Charles River Branch Rail- road, and afterwards six years in the ex- press, freight and livery business. He then, in 1864, went into the livery and express business for himself, and has con- tinued in the express business between Needham and Boston up to the present time. He is an active man of affairs, and is not confined in his operations to this business alone. He is a well-known auctioneer, and constantly interested in some progressive movement promising to benefit his town and countv. He is a member of the 196 EATON. EATON. Norfolk Club ; has been selectman two years ; chairman of the board of assessors three years, and is serving his second term, which expires in 1892 ; is a member of the EVERETT J. EATON. board of health ; was chairman of the Republican town committee two years, and has been a member more than fifteen years. He is usually selected as delegate to county, state and ilistrict conv-entions. He is a staunch Republican, and active in politics. He is a member of the committee on Needham water supply ; president of the Village Improvement Society, and of the Stable-keepers' Association of Newton, Needham, Waltham and Watertown, and district deputy of K. of H. His religious sentiments are voiced by the Unitarian church. He is one of the stirring, public- spirited citizens of Needham. His judg- ment is a guide in town matters, and he retains the respect and good-fellowship of those with whom he has lived so many years. Mr. Eaton was married in Needham, February 12, 1863, to Lydia A., daughter of Alvin and Alary A. (Lucas) Fuller. Of this union were three children : \\'illiam F., Everett Lawrence, and Mamie L. Eaton (deceased). Mr. Eaton is a lineal descendant of Francis Eaton, who came over in the " May- flower," and who died in Du.xbury in 1633. He is also a descendant, on his mother's side, of Edward Johnson, who was born in England, 1599, came to America,, 1630, and who died in W'oburn in 1690. His grandfather Johnson led Samuel .-Vdams to a place of safety at Le.xington, 1775- His great grandfather was one of the first settlers who removed to Needham from Dedham and there settled. Four generations were born on the original spot. His father, \\'illiam Eaton, held manv town offices and joined in all public movements. EATON, Thomas Stowe, son of Thomas and Hannah (Pierce) Eaton, was born in .Auburn, Worcester count}', July 2, 1S32, and received his early education at the common schools of his native town, with a short supplementary academic train- ing. Upon leaving school, he worked on the farm upon which he was living until he was of age ; he then was for a short time employed at house carpentering, after which he entered the employ of a company manufacturing sash, blinds, doors, etc. THOMAS S. EATON. This company did not exist very long, and upon its discontinuance, he worked in a car-shop as passenger car finisher, but finding this occupation prejudicial to his EIJGEKLY. EDWARDS. 197 liealth, he returned lu farming, which he still carries on. Mr. Eaton has held the offices of select- man, overseer of the poor, and member of the school committee. He was a member of the House of Representatives in 1884. His church connections are with the First Congregational church of Auburn, of which lie is an oiticer. He was married at Auburn, November 20, 1861, to Martha Maria, daughter of John and Lavinia (Stone) Blood, by whom he has four children surviving : Arthur Adelbert, Luella Adelia, Ida Lavinia, and Carlotta Pierce Eaton. Herbert William tiled at the age of fourteen, and Alice Maria at eighteen. EDGERLY, MARTIN VAN BUREN, son of Samuel J. and Eliza (Bickford) Edgerly, was born in Barnstead, Belknap county, N. H., September 26, 1833. His education was obtained in the pub- lic schools of Manchester, after which he was employed in the shop and mills of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company. This he gave up in 1859 to engage in the insur- ance business at Pittsfield, giving his chief attention to fire insurance, and among other companies he represented the Massa- chusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, in which he was so prosperous that it proved the beginning of a most successful career as a life insurance and business man. In 1863 he returned to Manchester for a wider field, where he remained till 1883, when he removed from the State. In 1868 Mr. Edgerly was made general superintend- ent of the agencies of the company, but gave up the position two years later on ac- count of the incident travel required. In 1882 he was chosen a director in the com- pany, and in 1884 was made second vice- [iresident. In 1885 he w^as made vice-presi- dent, and in 1886 was unanimously elected to succeed E. W. Bond as president of the company. It is safe to say that no one man has contributed more to the steady growth and success of the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company than Mr. Edgerly, and that for the position of presi- dent he is conspicuously qualified. While residing in Manchester, Mr. Ed- gerly served as director of the City National Bank, the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company, the Suncook Valley Railroad Company, the Worcester & Nashua Railroad Company, and as trustee of the Merrimack River Savings Bank. In religious faith he is an Episcopalian, and has alwavs taken an active interest in affairs relating to his church and denomi- nation. In politics he is a pronounced and sturdy Democrat. He was delegate to the national Democratic conventions of 1872, '76, and '80 ; a member of the national Democratic committee, and centennial com- missioner from New Hampshire, and chief of staff to Governor Weston of that state. In 1882 he was nominated as Democratic candidate for governor of New Hampshire, and in that Republican state was defeated by a very small majority. Since his election as president of the Ma.ssachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, he has resided in Springfield, a MARTIN V, B EDGERLY. man highly esteemed and admired by all who come in contact with him in business and social circles. For himself, he fintls his chief relaxation and enjoyment in his home and in cultivating his literary in- stincts among the treasures of a large and select library of standard works. EDWARDS, Elisha Austin, son of Col. Elisha and Julia (King) Edwards, was born at Southampton, Hampshire county, March 25, 1824. He received his early education in the common schools of his native town and at Sheldon Academy. After reaching the age of twenty, for several vears he taught school at .South- 198 EDWARDS. ELA. am|3ton during the winter seasons, and during the summer worked upon the farm on which he had been brought up. He was for thirteen years town clerk ; also served as postmaster, selectman, asses- sor, overseer of the poor, and for some fifteen years moderator of the annual town meetings. He is now acting as county commissioner for the twenty-second year, being for eighteen years chairman of the board ; and on the completion of his present term will have served twenty-four years. Mr. Edwards has held four military com- missions from the governor of the State. He commanded a regiment of militia three years, and was acting brigadier-general for one year. In 1861 he raised a company of volunteers and went to service in com- mand, and was with General Butler at the taking of New Orleans. He has been trustee, secretary and treas- urer of the Sheldon Academy twenty-two years, has held a commission as justice of the peace for forty years, as notary public seven years, and for qualifying civil offi- cers seventeen years. He is president of the Southampton Library Association. Mr. Edwards was married at Southamp- ton, May 12, 1846, to Henrietta L., daughter of Silas and Anna (King) Sheldon, by whom he has four children : Alice Julia Anna, Emma Henrietta, Isabel Georgine, and Anna King. EDWARDS, Oscar, son of Oliver and Laura (Starkweather) Edwards, was born in Chesterfield, Hampshire count}', June 6, 1821. He received his education at the public schools of his native town, and at the Chesterfield and other academies, and when twenty-eight years old entered into part- nership with his father as general mer- chants, in Chesterfield, then a leading town of Hampshire county, on the direct stage route from Boston to Albany, N.Y. By President Taylor he was appointed postmaster in 1848, and the same year was elected town clerk and treasurer, which offices he held till 1852, when he removed to Northampton. In April, 1S51, Mr. Edwards married Katharine Wendell, daughter of Harmon- ius and Catalina (Hurm) Wendell, of New York. They have two sons and two daughters. Upon moving to Northampton, Mr. Ed- wards engaged in the drug business, and is still carrying it on in his original store. For fifteen years he has been president of the Northampton National Bank, which became widely known, two years after his election, from the fact that it was robbed of a million dollars. He has been a mem- ber of the board of water commissioners of Northampton since its origin, and is a director in the Connecticut River Railroad, the Ashuelot Railroad, and Glasgow Ging- ham Company, of South Hadley Falls, and the Hampshire Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He is also a trustee in the Northampton Institution for Savings, and has filled many other offices of responsi- bility and trust. Politically Mr. Edwards was a member of the old Whig party, and with many others became a Democrat, but his per- sonal popularity appeared in 1880, when, in a district that is largely Republican, he was elected by a very large majority, to serve upon the executive council of (lover- nor Long. ELA, David Hough, son of Theodore and Priscilla (Woodward) Ela, was born in Canaan, Somerset county, Maine, January 19, 1S31. He gleaned his early knowledge of books from the brief terms of the common school only, till fourteen years of age — then two years in a printing office, afterward learn- ing the trade of a machinist. He subse- quently determined to prepare for a differ- ent line of life-work, and entering Kent's Hill Seminary, Maine, he fitted for college, and in 1857 was graduated from Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., paying his way in preparatory school and college by occasional teaching, but mainly by working at his trade. He then entered the Methodist ministry, and joined the Providence Conference in 1858, and preached at Norwich, Conn., until i860. He has remained in the minis- terial work of the M. E. church up to the present time, and has been a member of the New England conference since 1S73. Mr. Ela has been principal of Provi- dence Conference Seminary, East Green- wich, R. I., three years (i87i-'73); dele- gate to the general conference of the M. E. church, 1872, '80 and '84; trustee of Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, and of Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. His appointments have included Nor- wich, Conn. ; Bristol, Woonsocket, Paw- tucket and Providence, R. I.; Lynn, Low- ell, Worcester and Boston. He was pre- siding elder of the Springfield district, 1878 to '81, and received the degree of D. E). from Cornell College, Iowa, 1876. He is at present pastor of the Mt. Bellingham church, Chelsea. ELDER. ELLIS. 199 He has written much for magazines and the general press. He possesses a pure taste for lyric poetry, and has written many hymns that appear in the Hymnal of the M. E. church, besides fugitive poems prepared for literary and festive occasions. Mr. Ela was married in Lowell. April 20, 1858, to Louisa H., daughter of William and Naomi (Smith) Sargent. Of this union were five children : Paul Francis, Clara Louisa, Grace Ednah, Emma Torsey and Elizabeth Ela — the two latter deceased. Mr. Ela is a clergyman widely known and respected outside the confines of his own denomination — a man of original thought, pleasing address, one calculated to build up and unify the various interests of the society over which he is placed. ELDER, Samuel James, son of James and Deborah D. (Keene) Elder, was born in Hopeville, R. L, January 4, 1850. His early educational advantages were the public schools of Lawrence, Mass., where he fitted for college, and he gradu- ated from Yale in the class of 1873. He studied law with John H. Hardy, now associate justice of the municipal court of the city of Boston. He was admitted to the bar and began practice in 1875, in Boston, where he still remains actively engaged in his profession. Though employed in general practice, he has given especial attention to copy- right law, and was selected by the Inter- national Copyright League to act with it before the United States Senate on the international copyright bill. Mr. Elder was married at Hastings- upon-Hudson, N. Y., May 10, 1876, to Lilla, daughter of Cornelius AV. and Mar- garet J. (Wyckoff) Thomas. Of this union are two children : Margaret M. and Fanny A. Elder. Mr. ?31der was representative to the lower branch of theOeneral Court in 1885, from the 14th Middlesex district (Win- chester and Arlington), but declined re- election. He has been treasurer of two manufacturing corporations for several years. He is a member of William Park- man Lodge, F. &: A. M., Winchester, where he has resided since 1877. ELIOT, Charles William, son of Samuel Atkins and Mary (Lyman) Eliot, was born in Boston, March 20, 1834. He was prepared for college at the Boston public Latin school ; entered Har- vard College and was graduated there- from in the chiss of 1853. In 1854 he was appointed tutor in mathematics, and continued the study of chemistry under Prof. J. P. Cooke. In 1858 he was promoted to be assistant professor of mathematics and chemistry, and in 1861 was placed in charge of the chemical department of the Lawrence scientific school. For two years, during 1863, '64 and '65 he studied chemistry in Europe, and spent some time in e.xamining the systems of public instruction in France, (iermany and England. In 1865 he was appointed pro- fessor of analytical chemistry in the Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology. In i867-'68 he was again in Europe for a year. Professor Eliot was called to the presi- dency of Harvard University, May 19, 1869, which office he still holds. He was first married in Boston, October 27, 1858, to Ellen Derby, daughter of Ephraim and Mary Jane (Derby) Peabody. Of this union were four children, of whom two survive ; Charles and Samuel Atkins Eliot. His second marriage was with Grace Mellen Hopkinson of Cambridge, October 30, 1877. Miss Hopkinson was the daughter of Thomas and Corinna Aldrich (Prentiss) Hopkinson. During President Eliot's administration, the elective system has supplanted the old- fashioned prescribed curriculum, and Har- vard has come to resemble in its methods the great European universities. It has doubled in number of teachers and stu- dents, and more than trebled in wealth. President Eliot received the degree of LL. D. from Williams and Princeton in 1869, and from Yale in 1870. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Massachusetts Historical Societ)'-, and the .-Kmerican Philosophical Society, and a member of many literary and scientific bodies. His public addresses are noted for terseness and strength. Be- sides chemical memoirs, essays on educa- tional topics and economic questions of the hour, and his annual reports as presi- dent of Harvard, he has written two text- books on chemistry. President Eliot is an independent thinker and an efficient executive officer. While not inclined to mingle in party politics, lie is an outspoken defender of civil service reform and of the theory of free trade as against protection. ELLIS, George Edward, son of Da- vid and Sarah (Rogers) Ellis, was born in Boston, August 8, 1814. He was graduated at Harvard in 1833, and at the divinity school in 1836, and after study and travel in Europe, was or- 200 ELLIS. ELLIS. dained March ir, TS40, as pastor of the Harvard Congregational church, Charles- town. From 1857 till '63, he was professor of systematic theology in Harvard divinity school. In 1864 he delivered before the Lowell Institute, a course of lectures on the "Evidences of Christianity," in 1871 a course on the " Provincial History of Massachusetts," and in 1879 a course on " The Red Man and the White Man in North America." He resigned the pastorate of Harvard church in June, 1869. GEORGE E. ELLIS, Mr, Ellis was at one time editor of the "Christian Register," and afterwards joint editor with Rev. George Putnam, D. D., of the " Christian Examiner," which he sub- sequently conducted alone. He has been vice-president of the Mas- sachusetts Historical Society, and is now president. He was a member of the board of overseers of Harvard in i85o-'5i, serv- ing one year as secretary. Harvard gave him the degree of D. D. in 1847, and LL. I), in 1883. Mr. Ellis is the fourth person who has received both of these degrees from the university. He was chairman of the committee of publication of the Massachusetts Histori- cal Society for editing the MS. journal of Chief Justice Samuel Sewall, and published an address on the life and character of the judge. He delivered the address at the unveiling of the statue of John Harvard, in Cambridge (1884). He is a fellow of the American Acad- emy of Arts and Sciences, member of the American Antiquarian Society, and corre- sponding member of the Historical socie- ties of New York, Connecticut, New Ha- ven, Rhode Island and New Hampshire. He delivered an address before the New York Historical Society upon its eighty- second anniversary, November 16, t886. He has published lives of John Mason (1844), Anne Hutchinson (1845), and Wil- liam Penn {1847), in Sparks' " American Biography ; " " Half Century of the Uni- tarian Controversv" (1857); "Memoir of Dr. Luther V. Bel'l " (1S63); "The Aims and Purposes of the Founders of Massa- chusetts, and their Treatment of Intruders and Dissenters" (1869); "Memoir of Jared Sparks" (1869) ; " Life of Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford " (1871); " His- tory of the Massachusetts General Hos- pital " (1872); " History of the Battle of Bunker Hill " (1S75) ; "Memoir of Charles Wentworth Upham " (1877) ; "Memoir of Dr. Jacob Bigelow " (1880); "Memoir of Nathaniel Thayer" (1885); an address before the city government on the centen- nial of the evacuation by the British armv', with an account of the siege of Boston (1876) ; and numerous other memoirs, ser- mons and addresses. Mr. Ellis wrote three historical chapters for the " Memo- rial History of Boston " (i88o-'8i) ; "The Religious Element in New England," and five other chapters in the " Narrative and Critical History of America" (i885) and several articles on American subjects for the ninth edition of the " Encyclopjedia Britannica." He has also contributed nu- merous articles to periodicals. He pub- lished in 1882 "The Red Man and the White Man in North America;" in 1S88, " The Puritan Age and Rule in the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay," and in 18S8, an historical address delivered in Dedham, November 19th, on "The Church and the Parish in Massachusetts, Usage and Law." ELLIS, George Livingston, son of Edson and Mary Sherman P^llis, was born in Plympton, Plymouth county, November 10, 1838. He is a lineal descendant from old Plymouth "Maytlower" stock. His education commenced m the com- mon schools of Plympton. He was gradu- ated from Plympton Acade iiy, of which he afterwards became principal. While fitting ELLIS. ELSON. 20 1 for college, his health became uiulermiiiecl, precluding further efforts in that direction. He studied metlicine under the instruc- tion of the late Dr. W. W. Comstock of Middleborough, and was graduated in the regular course at Harvard medical college in June, 1872. He located in Taunton, in general prac- tice for three years, and was then appointed assistant physician in the lunatic hospital, which position he filled for several years, till breaking down in health, he resigned, and removed to Middleborough and re- sumed general practice. I'nder Governor Robinson he received the appointment of medical examiner for riymouth county, which position he still retains. He is chairman of the school board for the town of Middleborough. ELLIS, Thomas, .son of WiUiam and Judith (Peirce) Ellis, was born in Rochester, i'lymouth county, August 4, 1812, on the old homestead bought and settled by his great grandfather, John Ellis, in 1755, then primeval forest. Here he lived and labored during his minority, and being the third child and eldest of four brothers, was able to attend only the winter district schools after he was large enough to be of value in farm work. His school attendance was coupled with the disadvantage of living a long distance from the school, the way lying through woods and swamp.s, and streams that often must be forded. He early acquired a strong taste for reading, and the scanty historical library in town (forty volumes) was conned before his school days were passed. His taste for standard literature has never forsaken him, and has fully supplemented his lack of early educational training. His business has been principally lumbering and farm- ing, and now at an advanced age he is enjoying the results of a long and busy life. Mr. Ellis was married in Rochester, March 10, 1836, to Almy D., daughter of Nathaniel and Ruth (Davis) Tabor. Of this union w-ere three children : Cordelia M., William T. and Mary T. Ellis. William T. Ellis enlisted in the 3d regiment, Mas- sachusetts volunteers, in 1862, served out his time, and returned home to die of dis- ease contracted in the army. His death occurred June 23, 1863. Mr. Ellis was a member of the House of Representatives in 1855, and again in 1869. He has held a commission as justice of the peace for many years, has served as select- man, member of the school board, super- intendent of schools, and has several times been appointed to look after the interests of the town before committees of the Leg- islature. He held the commission of lieu- tenant in the militia for several years — was elected captain, but declined the office. ELSON, LOUIS C, son of Julius and Rosalie (Snell) Elson, was born in Boston, April 17, 1848. His parents were German, and of some prominence in the rather small foreign col- ony of Boston at that time. His bent to- ward nmsic was displayed at an early age, his instruction proper beginning when he was si.\ years old. He enjoyed the benefit of the acquaintance and instruction of many eminent musicians from this time forward, but owes much of his theoretical knowledge to the friendship of Carl Glogg- ner of the Leipzig Conservatory, who awakened his interest in musiCal literature and even assisted him in his earliest essays at original production in this field. His studies in the German Lied were fostered by August Kreissman, whom Liszt acknowledged to be one of the best interjireters of Robert Franz. Mr. Elson's first entrance into musical journalism was made in the " Musician and Artist," of which he became musical reviewer. When this magazine ceased to e-vist he became contributor to, and subse- quently editor of, the " Vo.x; Humana," in which he began his historical work on an- cient music, which has since been pub- lished under the title of " Curiosities of Music." He subsequently became musical editor of the " Score," the " Musical and Dramatic Times," " Wide Awake," and numerous other literary ventures. He is the author of "The Harmonica" (1878), "Home and School" (1881), "German Songs and Song Writers " (Boston, 1882), "History of German Song " (1888), and various translations. His musical work has kept pace with his literary labors. He has been connected professionally with Trinity, Emmanuel, and other leading churches of the city of Boston. In the New England Conservatory of Music he has long been prominent as a teacher of voice and of the theory of music. He has labored faithfully to enlarge the horizon of musical education in America, and to cause the culture of the musician to be at least equal to that of other workers in the field of art. As a lecturer he has made a successful record, and has appeared in many of the leading American educational institutes. Mr. Elson was married in Boston to Bertha Lissner. Of this union is one child : Arthur Elson. 202 ELY. ENDICOTT. ELY, Frederick David, son of Nathan and Amelia M. (Partridge) Ely, was born in Wrentham, Norfolk county, September 24, 1838. He fitted for college in Day's Academy, Wrentham, and entered Brown University, where he was graduated in the class of 1859. He read law in the office of Hon. Waldo Colburn, Dedham, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1S62, before the superior court at Dedham. He first opened a law office in Dedham, and in 1870 at Boston, where he has prac- ticed up to the present time. He is now associate justice of the municipal court of the city of Boston, to which place he was appointed in 1888. Judge Ely was first married in Boston, December 6, 1866, to Eliza B., daughter of Seth and Harriet E. (Rice) Whittier. His second marriage occurred in Dedham, August 10, 18S5, with Anna, daughter of Lyman and Olive Emerson. He has two children: Frederick D., Jr., and Amelia M. Ely. Judge Ely is a prominent Mason, has been master of Constellation Lodge, Ded- ham, grand marshal and deputy grand mas- ter of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. He is trustee of the Dedham Listitution for Savings ; member of the vestry of St. Paul's Episcopal church, Dedham ; was a member of the school board three years, and seventeen years trial justice — both until his election to Congress. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives 1873, and of the Senate 1878 and '79 ; in 1873 and '79 serving on the judiciary committee, and in 1878 on that of public charitable institutions. He was elected a member of the 49th Congress in 1886, in which he served on the com- mittees on elections and private land claims. His residence is in Dedham. His party affiliations are with the Republicans. He attributes what success he may have real- ized in life to the good judgment of his parents in guiding his early years, and to their liberality in his education. ENDICOTT, Augustus Bradford, son of Elijah and Cynthia (Childs) Plndi- cott, was born at Canton, Norfolk county, September 10, 1818. He received his early education in the common schools at Canton, and upon leav- ing school was apprenticed to the carpen- tering trade in the same town, at which he served four years and a half. Soon after reaching his majority he removed to Chel- sea and accepted a position as pattern- maker in a foundry, at which he continued about ten years. In 1852 Mr. Endicott came to Dedham, where he still resides. In 1853 he was appointed a deputy sheriff under Thomas Adams, then sheriff. He continued to act as under sheriff until August, 1885, when, upon the death of Sheriff Wood, he was ap- pointed to succeed him for the unexpired term of his appointment. In November, 1886, he was again elected by both parties for the full term of three years, which office he still holds. He represented the town of Dedham in the Legislature in 1874 and '76. He has held the offices of selectman, assessor, overseer of the poor and member of the board of health for twenty-two vears. He is also president of the Dedham Institu- tion for Savings ; director of the Dedham National Bank, and also director in the Dedham Mutual Eire Insurance Company. Mr. Endicott was married at Dedham, July 22, 1845, to Sarah, the daughter of AVilliam and Millie Fairbanks, of Dedham, by whom he has three children : Mary Augusta (Mrs. William H. Lord), Lizzie Blanche (Mrs. George H. Young), and Henry Bradford Endicott. ENDICOTT, Charles, son of Elijah and Cynthia (Chikls) Endicott, was born in Canton, Norfolk countv, October 28, 1822. He had the advantages of a common school education. He worked on his father's farm, and also at boot making, during his early days. In 1846, at twenty-four years of age, he was appointed deputy sheriff. He is now deputy ta.\ commissioner and commissioner of corporations. Mr. Endicott was first married in Can- ton, September 7,0, 1845, to Miriam Webb. B}' this marriage there is one child : Charles W. His second marriage occurred Octo- ber 2, 1848, in Charlestown, N. H., with Augusta G. Dinsmore. Of this union are two children : Edward D. and Cynthia A. (Endicott) Field. Mr. Endicott was admitted to the bar in 1857, as an attorney and counselor-at-law, after having read law in the office of the late Ellis Ames, of Canton. He has been called to serve in nearly all the town offices ; was county commissioner six years ; commissioner of insolvency, at first appointed by the governor and subse- quently elected by the people ; represen- tative in the General Court, 185 1, '57 and '58 ; state senator in 1866 and '67 ; mem- ber of the executive council, 1868 and '69 ; ENDICOTT. ENNEKING. 203 State auditor six years (1870 to '76) ; state treasurer five years (i876-'8i) ; deputy tax commissioner from 18S1 to the present time. Mr. Endicott is a director in the Xorfolic Mutual Fire Insurance Company ; Xepon- set National Bank ; was for forty years trustee of tlie Canton Institution for Sav- ings, and is now its president. ENDICOTT, HENRY, son of Khjah and Cynthia (Childs) Endicott, was born in Canton, Norfolk county, November 14, 1824. He was educated in the pubHc schools ; commenced business life in the manufac- ture of steam engines and boilers, in Bos- ton, in 1845, under the firm name of Allen & Endicott. He retired from business in iS7S- HENRY ENDICOTr. Mr. Endicott has long been a prominent member of the order of Free and Accepted Mason.s, and is now serving liis third year as grand master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. ENDICOTT, William Crownin- SHIELD, the son of William Putnam and Mary (Crowninshield) Endicott of Salem, Essex county, was born in Salem, Novem- ber 19, 1826. His father was a graduate of Harvard University, class of 1822, and a descendant from John Endicott, the first governor of Massachusetts. His maternal grandfather, Jacob Crowninshield, was a member of Congress for some years, and was appointed and confirmed secretary of the navy in Jefferson's cabinet, but de- clined, preferring to remain in Congress. William C. Endicott received his early education in the Latin school in Salem ; he entered Harvard University in 1843, and was graduated with the class of 1847. Soon after graduating, he studied law in the office of Nathaniel J. Lord, then the leading member of the Essex bar, and in the Harvard law school. He was called to the bar in 1850, and began practice in Salem in 1851. He was elected a member of the Salem common council in 1852, and in 1853 entered into co-partnership with J. W. Perry, under the firm name of Perry & "Endicott. In 1857 he became city solici- tor, which office he held until 1864. In 1873 he was appointed by Governor Wil- liam B. Washburn, to the bench of the supreme court of Massachusetts. He re- mained on the bench until 1882, when he resigned. Judge Endicott was president of the Salem Bank from 1857 to '73. In 1863 he was elected president of the Peabody Academy of Science in Salem, and still holds the ofifice. In 1884 he was Democratic candidate for governor of the State. In 1885 he became secretary of war in the cabinet of President Cleveland. He was married December 13, 1859, to Ellen, daughter of George Peabody, of Salem. His family consists of two chil- dren : William C, Jr., and Mary C. Endi- cott, who was married on the 15th of No- vember, 1888, to Mr. Joseph Chamberlain of Birmingham, England. ENNEKING, JOHN J., son of Joseph J. and Mary M. (Bramlage) Enneking, was born in Minster, Auglaize county, Ohio, October 4, 1841, and is of German descent. He received his early education in the schools of his native village, was an apt scholar, always preferring, however, to draw pictures on his slate rather than per- form sums in arithmetic. This natural predilection was not appreciated by the teacher, nor was the indiscriminate use of charcoal at home looked upon with favor by his father, but he had the sympathy of his mother, who was quite an artist in many directions. In 1858 he was sent to Mt. St. Mary's College, Cincinnati, Ohio, where, in addi- tion to his regular studies, he devoted 204 ENNEKING. ERXST. some hours a week to music and drawing ; in the latter study being much encour- aged by the kindly advice of the principal of the college. President Rosecrans, a brother of General Rosecrans. His career at the college was cut short by the breaking out of the civil war. After serving the cause of the Union in one capacity and another, having many hair-breadth escapes, he was at last se- verely wounded and laid up for many months. When convalescent he visited an exhibition of oil paintings in Cincinnati, which created in him a strong desire to become an artist. Not finding the advan- tages in the West great for the studv of art, he turned his face towards the East. After a short stay in New York, he came to Boston and commenced to draw on stone under Professor Richardson. He was compelled to abandon this after a short time, owing to trouble with his eyes. He then went into business, but lost all his money in a few years. He then worked for several years in pastel, and from that branched into oil painting. He was married in 1864, in Boston, to Mary E. Elliott, by whom he has five chil- dren : John Joseph, Florence May, Mary Emily, Gracie Clara, and Joseph Elliott. In 1873 he went to Europe with his family, traveling through England, Hol- land, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Italv, and France. After spending six month.s in Munich, Bavaria, studying landscape painting and drawing of the figure, and three months sketching in Venice, he went to Paris ; studying the art exhibits of the different countries at the Vienna exposi- tion, he concluded that Paris must be the Mecca for art students. Here he entered the school of Bonnat, one of the cele- brated schools of art at that time, where he studied the figure for three years, and landscape painting for a short time under the great kmdscape painter, Daubigny. He returned home in time to see the centennial exposition. He opened a studio on West Street, and after two successful seasons went abroad again, visiting the Paris Exposition, and made a three months' trip to Holland ; there he studied the Dutch masters in the galleries of the Hague, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and other places, and returned after six months' absence. For the last five years he has had a studio on Tremont Street, Boston, and his summer studio near his residence in Hyde Park. Mr. Enneking has received several gold and silver medals for excellence in his art, and his works may be found in many of the best collections in this country. He is a member of the Boston Art and the Paint and Clay clubs. ERNST, George A.O., son of Andrew H. and Sarah G. Otis Ernst, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 8, 1850. His father was a native of Germanv, and his GEORGE A O ERNST. mother was born in Boston. He is a grand- son of George A. Otis, well known in the early literary history of Boston. His early school life was passed in the private schools of Cincinnati. He was afterward sent to Mount Pleasant Military Academy, Sing Sing, New York, then to the Eliot high school, of Jamaica Plain, Mass., and lastly to prepare for college in one of the private schools of Boston. He was graduated from Harvard Uni- versity, class of 187 1. Taking up the study of law, he was soon admitted to practice in Boston, where he has already won for him- self an enviable position in his chosen pro- fession. He was sent to Chicago in 1880 as one of the committee of " Young Republicans," to advance the interests of civil service reform in the convention which nominated Garfield. He was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature in 1883 and '84, and served on the committees on elections ESTAHROOK. ESTES. 205 (chairman), street railways, and railroads. He has taken a quiet but active interest in all the reforms of the day — temperance, civil service, suffrage, and the purity of the ballot. A staunch believer in Republican principles, he yet shows a firm independ- ence of party dictation. Mr. Ernst was married in Brooklyn, N.Y., December 11, 1879, to Jeanie, daughter of Edwin and Caroline (Edgarton) ISvnner. Of this union are two children : Roger and Sarah Otis Ern.st. ESTABROOK, ADIN C, son of Thom- as and Sybil (Brown) Estabrook, was born at Reading, Windsor county, Vermont, December 9, 1828. He is in the si.xth gen- eration from Thomas Estabrook, of Eng- land, who settled in Concord, 1660, and the eighth generation from Nicholas Brown, the first settler of Reading, Mass. His early education began in his native town. When seventeen he went to school near Buffalo, N. Y., and from eighteen to ADIN C. ESTABROOK. twenty attended the academy in Wood- stock, Vt. At twenty he began to teach, still continuing his studies at the academ\', and at twenty-five was chosen principal of Centerville Academy, Michigan, where he remained for two years. During that time he secured the arrest and sentence to prison for life of three murderers of his brother Thomas. Loss of health required him to return to the East. On the 5th of January, 1857, in Wood- stock, Vt., Mr. Estabrook was married to Emma W., daughter of Daniel and Rebekah (Dickerman) Tarbell. Their children are : Viola May and Athelia Gertrude. After his return to the East, Mr. Esta- brook engaged in various undertakings. He was a printer, a merchant, a postmaster under Lincoln, and was connected with the Vermont Central Railway at East Gran- ville. Li 1863 he sold his real estate and moved with his parents to Lunenburg, where he has since been engaged in the more congenial and peaceful work upon a farm. In 1868 he accepted the office of school committee and has been interested in town affairs to the present time. In 1876 he was a representative in the state Legislature and served upon several committees, among others that of re-districting the State. In 1879 he wrote a brief history of Lunenburg for the Worcester County History. ESTES, Dana, son of Joseph and Ma- ria (Edwards) Estes, was born in Gorham, Cumberland county, Maine, March 4, 1840 ; removed to Augusta, Maine, in 1855, and to Boston, 1859. His early educational training was ob- tained in the public schools. At the be- ginning of the war of the rebellion he enlisted as private in the 13th regiment, ^Llssachusetts volunteers ; was three times wounded at the battle of .second Bull Run, August 31, 1862, in which battle his only brother, Albert S. Estes, was killed. Returning to Boston, he became the bead of the publishing house of Estes & l.auriat, 1872 ; removed to Brookline, 1881; edited a series of volumes entitled " Half Hour Recreations in Popular Science ; " compiled several volumes of juvenile and standard poetry, i872-'74; became life member of the American Archjeological Institute, 1882 ; Bostonian Society, 1883 ; American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, 1884 ; Boston Memorial Association, 1885 ; director of the latter, and first secretary of the Pine Tree State Club, 1886 to '89 ; visited England, and was entertained by Lord Tennyson and Thomas Hughes, 1887; organized the International Copyright Association, and was its first .secretary, November, 1887 ; brought from northern Italy a large collection of Paleo- Italian antiquities of great archi^ological value, 1888; was president of Brookline Club, i888-'89 ; won the celebrated series of "Chatterbo.x " international trademark 206 EVANS. EVERETT. law-suits, 1S84 to 'S9, by which foreioners can acquire copyriglit in certain classes of books in America. Mr. Estes was first married at Newton, April II, 1867, to Louisa S., daughter of Peter and Mary (Filgate) Reid, of England. Of this union were three children : Freder- ick Reid, Dana, Jr., and Philip Sydney Estes. His second marriage occurred November 10, 1884, with Grace D. (Coues) Page, daughter of Samuel E. and Char- lotte Haven (Ladd) Coues of Portsmouth, N. H. Mr. Estes is a lineal descendant in the eighth generation from Robert Estes, of Dover, England. Richard, the son of Robert, came to America in 16S4, accord- ing to the record in the Bible now in pos- session of Mr. Estes. Benjamin, son of Richard, was born in Lynn, Mass., and died in Berwick, Maine, to which state he had removed at an uncertain date. This branch of the Estes family settled in Maine -—Henry, son of Benjamin, born in Ber- wick ; Samuel, son of Henrv, born in Port- land, and Robert, the grandfather of Dana, born in Windham, Me. Mr. Estes' mother was the great grand- daughter of Hugh and Elizabeth McLel- lan, who came from Londonderry to Gor- ham, Me., in 1733. Hugh was' a lineal descendant of Sir Hugh McLellan of Ar- gyle, Scotland. EVANS, AloNZO H., son of Robert and Sarah R. livans, was born in Allens- town, Merrimack county, N. H., February 25, 1820. He received his early education in the common schools of his native town, and subsequently attended a private school in Boston. In 1836 he commenced business as clerk in a produce and grocery store in the New England metropolis, and in 1842 started in the same city the same line of business on his own account, which he carried on until 1850, when he changed his occupation to that of an exchange and specie broker. In the year 1854, he, with others, peti- tioned the Legislature of Massachusetts for a charter for " The Boston Five Cents Savings Bank," which bank was organized the same year. Mr. Evans was elected treasurer of this institution, which office he held until 1S74, when he was chosen president, which position he still holds. The bank now has more than 100,000 depositors, and an amount on deposit exceeding $15,000,000. In 1874 and '76 Mr. Evans represented the town of Everett in the Legislature of Massachusetts, being the first "representa- tive after the incorporation of the town, in obtaining the charter for which he had been very energetic. In 1889 he represented the 6th Middle- sex district in the state Senate, to which position he was elected by a large majority. He was married in 1844 in the city of Boston, to Sarah R., daughter of Daniel Hawkes. She died in 1870. Of this union were two children : Irving A. and \\'ilmot R. Evans. Mr. Evans was married again in 1879 to Caroline, daughter of Sanuiel S. Stowers of Revere. EVERETT, NOBLE WARREN, son of Noble and Mercy (Nye) Everett, was born in Wareham, Plymouth county, February 20, 1827. He received his early education in the public and private schools of Ware- ham. He afterwards attended Greenwich Academy, Rhode Island, and was several years at Wyoming Seminary, Wyoming Valley, Pa. He was one year a teacher in this seminary, and one year president of the Lackawanna Bible Society, Pa. He was twelve years a member of the Wyoming Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, filling some of the most important stations — among them being Central church, Wilkes Barre, and .Adams Avenue church, Scranton. AVhen the civil war broke out he was preaching at Hyde Park, now a part of the last named city, and throughout that terrible struggle, labored with great earnestness, both in the pulpit and on the platform, for the L^nion. After preaching seven years he was offered the office of presiding elder, but declined it, preferring the work of pastor. In 1878 Mr. Everett was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature from the 6th Plymouth district, and again in 1882. He servetl on the committee on education, and was appointed House chair- man of said committee. In the last named year a bill was passed abolishing the old school district system in this State, and, in the opinion of those competent to judge, Mr. Everett did more than any other mem- ber towards effecting that result, being possessed of ample qualifications, in the vigorous grasp, graceful presentation and eloquent advocacy of that, as in all matters in which he takes an interest. During the last eight years he has served on the Wareham school board, most of the time as chairman. After he became a voter, he associated himself with the Free Soil party, and acted with it until it was merged in the Republican partv, having been an ardent Republican ever since. He FARMER. FARMER 207 has written some history and hiograpiiy, and delivered several historical addresses. Mr. Everett came from good ancestral stock. His paternal grandfather was a chaplain in the revolutionary army, and for nearly forty years pastor of the Con- gregational church in Wareham. His father was a soldier in the war of 181 2, and highly esteemed by his fellow-towns- men. Mr. Everett was first married at Fall River, to Abby Ann H., daughter of Nicholas H. and Sophia Antoinette (Tis- dale) Sherman. There was no issue by this marriage. His second marriage was in Wareham, with Hattie I., daughter of Leander L. and Harriet (Cibbs) Packard. Of this union were two children : War- ren Irving (deceased) and Juliet Chester Everett. FARMER, MOSES GERRISH, eldest child of Colonel John and Sally (Gerrish) Farmer, was born in Boscawen, Merri- mack county, N. H., February 9, 1820. He is a lineal descendant of Edward Farmer, who emigrated from Ancely, War- wickshire, England, and settled in Bil- lerica about 1670. He attended the dis- trict school in Bashan, the academy on Boscawen Plains, Phillips Academy, An- dover, and entered Dartmouth College in 1840, but was obliged to leave during his third year on account of ill health. The degree of A. M. was conferred upon him bv the facultv of Dartmouth in He taught the academy in Eliot, Maine, where he was married, December 25, 1844, to Hannah Tobey, daughter of Richard and Olive (Tobey) Shapleigh, of Berwick, Maine, and later taught the Bel- knap school in Dover, N. H. In 1847 he gave up teaching and turned his attention wholly to scientific pursuits. In 1847 he constructed a small electro- magnetic locomotive and railway, which he exhibited in various towns, lecturing upon the subject of electro-magnetism. In December, 1847, he opened a telegraph office in South Framingham, and while there invented his first fire alarm ajspa- ratus. He exhibited this in Boston in 1849. Two years later he became acquainted with Dr. W. F. Channing, and in connec- tion with him he brought to perfection and put into operation the system of fire alarm telegraph now in universal use. The office in Boston was opened .Vpril 28, 1852, and Mr. Farmer remained its superintendent until 1855. Between 1852 and 1855 he devised and constructed an apparatus for transmitting four messages simultaneously over a single wire. He was the first to suggest the use of the continuity-preserving key in the duplex telegraph. In 1855, as a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, he read a paper on multi])lex teleg- raphy. In 1856 he perfected the double transmitter with reversed currents and constant resistance. In 1859 he invented an automatic regu- lator for controlling the distribution of electricity to numerous electric lamps, and began investigating the production of light MOiEb L. FARMER by electricity, which investigations have never been relinquished. He invented an automatic regulator by which the light can be kept at a uniform intensity for any length of time. In 1859 he lighted his own house in Salem by elec- 2o8 F'ARNHAM. FARNHAM. tricity — the first house on record ever so lighted. Between 1864 and '68 he perfected a thermo-electric battery, and in 1868 con- structed the largest one ever built, to be used for the deposition of copper upon steel in the jiroduction of the American compound telegraph wire — a joint in- vention of Messrs. Farmer and Milliken. Mr. Farmer claims to have been the first to construct a magneto-electric machine in which the field was sustained by the current derived from its own armature. He made valuable improvements in the construction of dynamo-electric machines for firing torpedoes, now supplied to every ship in our navy. In October, 1872, he accepted the posi- tion of electrician at the U. S. N. Torpedo Station, Newport, R. I., which position he held until September, 1881, when failing health compelled him to tender his resignation. He still pursues his in- vestigations, aided by a skilled assistant. As an electrical expert he stands among the foremost. In all works and laws of nature he sees a divine mind, and with him religion and science go hand in hand. He has had two children : a daughter, Sarah Jane, who is still living, and a valu- able assistant to her father in his scientific work. His son died in infancy. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; fellow of the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science ; member of the Institute of Tech- nology, of the Essex Institute, of the American Society of Mechanical Engi- neers, of the American Institute of Elec- trical Engineers, and of the English Insti- tution of Electrical Engineers. FARNHAM, LUTHER, son of Ephraim and Sarah (ISnnvn) Farnham, was born in Concord, Merrimack county, N. H., February 5, 1816 — the youngest of nine children. His eai'ly education was public school and academic. Having fitted for college in Meriden, N. H., he entered Dartmouth and was graduated in the class of 1837. After graduation he taught school as prin- cipal of Limerick Academy, Me., and as assistant at Pembroke Academy, N. H. He then entered the theological seminary at Andover, from which he was graduated in 1841 ; licensed to preach by the Hop- kinton A.ssociation the same year ; after two years was ordained and called to the Congregational church, Northfield, Novem- ber 20, 1844. Mr. Farnham was married in Northfield, June 23, 1845, to FjUgenia Alexander, daughter of Levi and Lucretia (Scott) Fay. During the year he resigned his pastorate and removed to Boston, where, in 1846, was born his son, Francis Edward F'arnham. Since the latter date he has been called to the pastorate of churches in various parts of the State, several of which he has served, such as the Congregational churches in Concord, Plymouth, Marsh- field (where Daniel Webster was a parish- ioner). New Bedford, Gloucester, and Ever- ett. He has done much preaching at large in the interests of the Southern Aid So- ciety, for the assistance of feeble churches among the poor whites and blacks of the South. He was a secretary of this society 1854 to '60. He has spoken for, and aided by his labors, the General Theo- logical Library, Boston, of which he may be called one of the founders. He has been its only secretary and librarian for twenty-seven years, and has raised one hundred thousand dollars to place it upon a partial financial basis. By his suggestion was established the Dartmouth College Alumni Association of Boston, the earliest of the kind in this country, also the Kim- ball Union Academy Association, of which he is one of the vice-presidents. In the winter of i888-'8g he assisted in the organization of the Boston Association in aid of the Texas Flome for Disabled Soldiers, and was elected a vice-president. His life has been a busy one, and be- sides his local cares he has been obliged to travel extensively to fulfill his profes- sional duties in connection with these socie- ties. In the early history of the New Eng- land Historic Genealogical Society, he held the office of librarian for several years, and was very active in promoting its interests. In 1855 he published a small volume entitled "A Glance at Private Libraries ; " a notable Thanksgiving sermon delivered by him in the First Congregational church in West Newbury. In 1876 he published a volume of the " Documental History of the General Theological Library," which was sent to the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. " The History of the Hor- ticultural Society," published a few years ago, was largely his work, also that of the Handel and Haydn Society, not yet pub- lished. Another volume in preparation is the " Documentary History and Proceedings of the General Theological Library" for the last twelve vears. He was Boston cor- FAXON. FAV. 209 respondent for the " Journal of Com- merce," New York, many years previous to i860 ; assistant editor of the " Christian Alliance," and of the "Massachusetts Ploughman ; " a writer for the " Puritan Recorder," Boston, and the " New York Observer," " Boston Post," " Hunt's Maga- zine " and many other periodicals. He also prepared for "Gleason's Pictorial Newspaper" historical and biographical sketches of the leading churches in Bos- ton, together with their pastors. Mr. Farn- ham's pen has been a fertile one, and he is still active in public service. FAXON, Henry Hardwick, son of Job and Judith B. (Hardwick) Faxon, was born in Quincy, Norfolk county, Septem- ber 28, 1823. He is a descendant in the eighth genera- tion of Thomas Faxon, who came with his family from England previous to 1647, and settled in that part of the ancient town of Braintree which is now Quincy. His early education was received in the common schools of his native town. He passed his youth on his father's farm until si.xteen years of age, when he was appren- ticed to a shoe- maker. In 1843, ill company with his brother John, he began manufacturing boots and shoes. About 1846 he changed his busi- ness to that of grocer and provision mer- chant in Quincy, conducting the same for about seven years, the last three years carrying on a bakery also. The bounds of this business becoming too narrow for one of his active temperament, he changed his base of operations to Boston, becoming a wholesale and retail grocer, the firm name being at first Faxon, Wood & Co., and subsequently Faxon Bros. & Co. Re- tiring from the firm in 1861, he made suc- cessful ventures in various kinds of mer- chandise, but finally devoted his business energies to dealing in real estate, in which he accumulated the bulk of his fortune. During these years Mr. F^axon was not a total abstainer, and had made some speculative transactions in liquors ; but at the time he first represented his town in the Legislature he was appointed a mem- ber of the committee on the liquor law and there became interested in the temperance question. He has ever since been a pro- hibitionist, intense in feeling and active in prosecution. It has been his aim to accom- plish temperance legislation through the Republican party rather than outside of it, although induced in 1884 to run on the Prohibitory ticket for lieutenant-governor. He has had the satisfaction of seeing Quincy rid of dram-shops during the past eight years, in which time he has had the responsibility of enforcing the laws regu- lating the sale of intoxicating liquors. Mr. Faxon was married, November 18, 1852, in Quincy, to Mary B., daughter of HENRY H. FAXON. Israel W. and Priscilla I,. (Burbank) Mun- roe. Mrs. Faxon died September 6, 1885, leaving one son, Henry Munroe Faxon, now in his twenty-sixth year. Mr. Faxon was elected to the General Court in 1864 and again in 1871. He was a police officer in Quincy from 1881 to '86, inclusive, and was re-appointed to the latter position by Mayor Porter in 1889, in the first year of Quincy's new era as a city. His church connections are with the Unitarian society. FAY, Frank B., son of Francis B. and Nancy (Krigham) Fay, was born in Southborougli, Worcester county, January 24, 1 82 1. His father. Colonel Francis R. Fay, moved to Boston in 1831, and to .Chelsea in 1834. ' His early educational training was re- ceived in Salem Street Academy, Boston, and at academies in FVamingham, Marl- borough, Hadley, and Westfield. He began his business career in the western produce commission business, firm of Fay & Farwells, subsequently Fay & 2IO FAY. FAY. Co. He was afterwards special partner in several manufacturing firms. But it is not as a manufacturer or busi- ness financier that Mr. Fay is best known to the country, but as a philanthropist in the broadest interpretation of the term. He was a member of the Chelsea school board in 1856, chairman of the overseers of the poor from iSySto the present time ; member of the first common council, 1857; ]5resident of that body, 1859 ; mayor of Chelsea, 186 1, '62, and '63, and known as the " War Mayor." During the war, until its close, he spent much of his time at the front, caring for the sick and wounded ; was present immediately after first and second Bull Run, evacuation of Yorktown, seven da}'s' fi.ght, Antietam, Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, Clettysburg, Cold Harbor, "The Wilderness," and in front of Petersburg until it was evacuated, en- tering the city the same day. He was also in 1863 on Folly and Morris islands, S. C, when Gilmore was shelling Fort Sumter. In 1864, at his suggestion, the Sanitary Commission organized the " Aux- iliary Relief Corps," and he was made chief. During that year probably one hundred thousand sick and wounded men came under the care of the corps. He resigned the position in January, 1865, but continued as an independent worker, as he had been previous to 1864, completing his work at Richmond in June of that year. Probably no other Massachusetts civilian spent as much time at the front in similar service, paying his own expenses and receiving no compensation for any of his army work — while his salary as mayor was only four hundred dollars per an- num. Mr. Reed, in " Hospital Life in the Army of the Potomac," says: "Of the labors of Mr. Fay, it would be hard to speak in terms of too much praise. I prefer rather to let the memory of all his wise and gentle ministries, his kindly and self-forgetting services, be kept fresh in one more heart, of all the thousands who have had such good reasons for treasuring it." ..." Mayor Fay was known in every division and brigade of the Army of the Potomac." ..." With characteristic fore- sight, he was always prepared and was early upon the field of battle with his stores ; and with all the blessed appliances of healing, moved among the wounded, soothing the helpless, suffering and bleed- ing men parched with fever, crazed with thirst, or lying neglected in the agonies of death." Mr. Fay was a member of the Massachu- setts Allotment Commission for receiving soldiers' wages, which sent home nearly three million dollars ; also the United States Allotment Commission for colored troops. He delivered the first Decoration Day address in Chelsea in 1868 ; was chairman of the soldiers' monument committee and delivered the address at its dedication, 1869. He was chairman of the trustees of the "Patriotic Fund ; " was one of the trustees of the " Massachusetts Soldiers' Fund," of which Robert C. Winthrop was chairman, and of the " Governor Andrew Fund " for FRANK B. FAY. relief of soldiers' families — both of these continuing some years after the war. He was an officer in the " Soldiers' Memorial Society," and is now an honorary member of the " First Massachusetts Regiment Association," and a companion of the " Loyal Legion." In i866-'67 he was an officer of " Boston Station House " for the relief of homeless men and women. In 1S49, as president of the "Prisoners' Friend Association," he drew and presented the first petition to the Legislature, which resulted in the establishment of the " State Industrial School for Girls." His father was trustee and treasurer, serving until 1865, when Mr. Fay was appointed, serv- FAY. FESSENDEN. 211 ing till 1879, when he declined further ser- vice. He has always been interested in efforts to abolish capital punislinient in this and other states. Mr. Fay represented his city in the lower branch of the Legislature in 1857 ; was state senator in 1867 ; in both branches serving on committee on prisons, writing the report, and a special report against the use of the lash in the state prison. In the Senate he was chairman of committees on public lands, and education of deaf mutes, also on committee on license law. Originally a Whig, he was an active worker till he joined the Republican party, and continued his activity therein, as president of the Fremont Club and other political organizations — being delegate to city, county, district and state conventions. He was delegate to the national Repub- lican convention at Baltimore in 1864, which nominated President Lincoln, and was Massachusetts elector in 1868 ; was executive officer of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1869 to '77 ; general agent of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, from May, 1880, to the present time ; chairman of civil service commissioners for Chelsea ; an officer in the Chelsea Savings Bank since its estab- lishment ; and president of "Old Ladies' Home Association." He was selected as the first collector of internal revenue for Boston district, when that office was estab- lished in 1862, but declined to accept. Mr. Fay was married in St. Albans, Vt., October 14, 1845, to Rebekah L., daughter of William and Lucretia W. (Hazeltyne) Bridges. Of this union were three chil- dren : Norman ^^■. (deceased), Harry F., and Sybil C, wife of J. W. Clark, Jr., New York. FAY, James Monroe, son of \Varren and Jane I). (Bell) Fay, was born in Ches- ter, Hampden county, March 23, 1847. His early educational training was in the public schools of his native ])lace. His academic studies were pursued in \\"esleyan Academy, Wilbraham. He studied medi- cine with Wm. O. Bell, was graduated from Vermont University in the class of 1875, and began the practice of medicine in Cole- brook, Conn., 1870. Li 1873 he removed to his native town and practiced medicine there until 1881, when he settled in North- ampton, where he still remains in practice. He is one of the attending physicians in the Dickinson Hospital, Northampton. I-)r. Fay was first married in Northamji- ton, May 10, 1872, to Harriette, daughter of James and Hannah (Hackett) Forsyth, who died February 8, 18S6. His second marriage occurred in Hatfield, March 23, 1887, with Mary L., daughter of Elisha and Cordelia (Randall) Hubbard. He has two children : Clara E. and Orace L. Fay. Dr. Fay was elected a member of the board of health of the city of Northamp- ton, 1887, for three years, and now holds the position of chairman of the same. He is also the city physician, to which office he was chosen in 1888 and '89. He was member of the school board in Colebrook, and subsequently superintendent of schools at Chester for six consecutive years. FAY, John S., son of S. Chandler and Nancy (Warren) Fay, was born in Berlin, Worcester county, January 15, 1840. He obtained his education in the public schools of Marlborough, and at the C\)mmercial Ct)llege in Worcester. When twenty-one years old, at the out- break of the civil war, he enlisted as a private in company F, 13th Massachusetts infantry. He was with the army continu- ally, in all of the marches and engagements of his regiment, till April 30, 1863, when, in an action near Fredericksburg, Va., he received a wound from a shell which neces- sitated the amputation of his right arm and right leg. ^^■hile in the field hospital he was taken prisoner and confined in Libby prison for a month. He did not succeed in reach- ing his home until October — the most mu- tilated and crippled of all who survived of the eight hundred and thirty-one who enlisted for the war from the old town of Marlborough. In 1865 Mr. Fay was appointed postmas- ter of Marlborough, by President Johnson, and by successive appointments has held the position ever since. He has been an active tirand Army man, and has held many offices in Post 43, which he aided to organize. He is also a prominent Odd Fellow and a member of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. November 20, 1869, Mr. Fay married Lizzie Ingalls, daughter of James M. and Elizabeth (Pratt) Ligalls, of Marlborough. Their only child is Frederic H. P'ay. FESSENDEN, ANSON DaRWIN, son of Benjannn and Betsey (Stevens) Fessenden, was born in Townsend, Middlesex county, February 18, 1839. He was educated at the public schools, Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, and LTnion College. His intention of completing a liberal education at college was diverted bv the outbreak of the civil war. 212 FESSENDEN. FIELD. He enlisted in the army, and served in the department of the (lulf as ist lieu- tenant and captain of company D, 53d his share of the burdens and responsibili- ties of religious, benevolent and various society offices, he was elected as a Re- publican to the House of Representatives, in 1865, and was subsequently a member of the state Senate, 18S0 and '81, serving- as chairman of the committees on labor, Hoosac Tunnel and Troy & Greenfield Railroad, and as a member of the com- mittee on taxation and military affairs. FIELD, Lucius, son of Moses and Catharine Swan (Alexander) Field, was born in Northfield, Franklin county, Au- gust IS, 1840. He obtained his education in the com- mon schools and high school of North- field. His first connection in business was with Hon. E. Brinhall, Clinton, as E. Brinhall &: Co., January i, 1867 ; then Field & Saw- yer, 1872 to '78 ; Lucius Field & Co., 1878 to '8g, David Dias and Walter V. Benedict being admitted as partners. Mr. Field was married in Clinton, Au- gust 14, 1862, to Annie S., daughter of Sarah P. Harrington. His second mar- riage, November 17, 1875, was with Mary A., daughter of George L. and ^Lirv J. ANSON D, FESSENDEN. regiment, Massachusetts volunteers. He was a brave and efficient officer, winning the confidence of his men and the appro- bation of his superior officers. At twenty-five years of age he began the cooperage business with his father, under the firm name of B. & A. D. Fessen- den, at Townsend. Their business grew and developed into the establishment of branch houses as follows : 1873, Fessenden & Lowell, Reed's Ferry, N. H. ; 1879, Kilbourn & Co., Sandusky, O. ; 1884, Silas Kilbourn & Co., Grand Haven, Mich. ; 1886, Annis & Co., Londonderry, N. H. ; 1887, Kilbourn & Co., San Francisco, Cal. Mr. Fessenden was married in Town- send, December 6, 1865, to Thirza A., daughter of Calvin and Thirza (Pierce) Boutelle. Of this union are four children : Alfred N., Florence Bertha, Marion B., and Robert G. Fessenden. Mr. Fessenden has ever been interested in the growth and prosperity of his native town, and on a broader plane is alive to political movements that affect the vital interests of the State. Besides serving his town in various minor ofifices, and taking LUCIUS FIELD. Wilmarth, of Taunton. He has four chil- dren : Mary .Althea, Catharine S., Annie F. and Leslie W. Field. FIELD. FISHER. 213 Mr. Fiekl was assessor in 1869 ; town clerk, 1873 to '77, inclusive ; and re|5resent- ative to the General Court, 1878 and '82. He was commissary-sergeant, 36th regi- ment, Massachusetts volunteers, October 15, 1863 ; made quartermaster-sergeant, February 19, 1864 ; 2d lieutenant, Novem- ber I, 1864, and I St lieutenant, November 13, 1864. Mr. Field is vice-president of the Clinton board of trade, and member of the pru- dential committee of the First Baptist church. He was coroner from 1865 until the law was changed requiring a medical examiner. He is past high priest, Clinton R. .\. Chap- ter, past grand king, grand R. A. Chap- ter of Massachusetts, past commander of Post 64, G. A. R., and treasurer of Clinton Lancaster Driving Park Association, and at present treasurer of the town. FIELD, WALBRIDGE ABNER, son of Abner and Louisa (Griswold) Field, was born in Springfield, Windsor county, Vt., April 26, 1833. His father was a descend- ant of the Fields of Rhode Island, and his mother's ancfestors were from Connecticut. Mr. Field was educated at private schools and academies until fitted for college, when he entered Dartmouth and graduated in the class of 1855. He was tutor in the college in 1856 and '57, and again in 1859. He studied law in Boston with Harvey Jewell and at the Harvard law school ; was admitted to the bar in Boston in i860, and began practice with Mr. Jewell. In 1865 he was appointed assistant L'nited States attorney for Mas- sachusetts under Richard H. Dana, and remained with him and with George S. Hillard till 1869, when he was appointed by President Grant assistant attorney-gen- eral of the Ll'nited States. This office he resigned in August, 1870, and became a partner with Mr. Jewell and AMlliam Gas- ton, under the firm name of Jewell, Gaston & Field, and after Mr. Gaston became governor of Massachusetts, Edward O. Shepard was taken into the partnership, and the firm name became Jewell, Field & Shepard, and so remained until Mr. Field became associate justice of the supreme judicial court in February, 1881. Judge Field was a member of the Boston school board in 1863 and '64, and of the common council in 1865, '66 and '67. In 1876 he was declared elected to the House of Representatives of the 45th Congress of the United States from the 3d district of Massachusetts, but his seat was contested, and after about a year's service he was unseated. He was again a candidate for the House of Representatives, was re-elec- ted, and taking his seat in the 46th Congress, served without contest. Judge Field was married in 1869, to Eliza E. McLoon, who died in March, 1877, and by whom he has two daughters : Eleanor Louise and Elizabeth Lenthal. In October, 1882, Judge Field was married to Frances E., daughter of the Hon. Nathan A. Farwell of Rockland, Maine. FISHER, Henry Noah, son of Noah and Esther (Page) Fisher, was born in Barton, Orleans county, Vermont, June 5, 1842. His father's family moved to Nashua, N. H., when he was an infant, and his early education was obtained in the com- mon schools of that city. His father died while he was yet young, and Mr. Fisher was obliged to relinquish the pursuit of knowledge, and seek an entrance into mer- cantile life. He commenced as a clerk in a grocery store in Nashua, and in 1859 came to Waltham, seeking employment in the fac- tory of the American \\'atch Company. He obtained a position as a boy, and by his diligent application, and an earnest desire to become thoroughly proficient in his trade, gradually rose from one position to another, until he finally came to have the entire charge of one of the most im- portant departments in that concern. This place is where he is now to be found when he is not engaged with the important mul- tiform duties of the high office to which his fellow-citizens have of late years repeat- edly called him. Mr. Fisher was unable to resist the patriotic call for men at the front, and in July, 1862, he enlisted in company D, 35th Massachusetts regiment, and partici- pated in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. On the 17th of September, 1862, he was wounded at Antietam, his right shoulder being fractured by a shell. He was confined to the hospital for some six months, and being finally compelled to return home in consequence of his wound, on March 4, 1863, received an honorable discharge. Mr. Fisher is an honored member of the Masonic fraternitv, and has held high and important offices in that institution. He is past master of the Isaac Parker Lodge, F. & A. M., of Waltham ; past high priest Waltham Royal Arch Chapter ; a member of the DeMolay Commandery K. T., of Boston, and of the Massachusetts Consis- tory, 3 2d degree, .\leppo Temple, an order 214 FISHliR FISHER. of the Mj-stic Slirine. He is past com- mander F. P. H. Rogers Post 29, G. A. R., Waltham. He is a member of the Central, and vice-president of the Middlesex clubs, both of Boston. At the recent incorporation of the old town of Waltham under a city charter, Mr. Fisher served as a member of the first board of aldermen, and was elected presi- dent of the board. A re-election in 1886 also resulted in his presiding for a second term. In 1887 he was elected mayor of the city, and his administration was so acceptable to the citizens, that in 1888 he was re-elected without an opposing ticket, and, what is certainly a phenomenal case in Massachusetts politics, although a staunch Republican, yet again in 1889 he received the high compliment of a practically unan- imous election, in that there was again no opposing ticket in the held. HENRY N. FISHER Mr. Fisher has been identified with the growth and prosperity of his adopted place of residence as one of the owners in the American Watch Tool Company. He is president of the New Fngland North- western Investment Com]iany of Boston, and a trustee of the ^^ altham Savings Bank. He was married, August 17, 1876, in Limerick, Me., to Joanna E., daughter of Orin and Sarah A. (Sedgley) Bradeen. They have no children. FISHER, Milton M., son of Willis and Caroline (Fairbanks) Fisher, was born in Franklin, Norfolk county, on the 30th of January, 181 1. His first American ances- tor was Thomas Fisher, who settled in Cambridge in 1634, removing to Dedham in 1637. His early education was accomplished at the public schools in his native town, at Day's Academy in \\'rentham, and at a temporary classical institute in Medway. While fitting for college, he taught public and private schools in different towns, and entered Amherst in 1832. Ill health pre- vented his graduating, but he received an honorary degree of A. M., and in 1835 be- gan business in a country store in P'ranklin, later continuing the same business in West- borough and West Upton. In 1840 he re- moved to Medway and was engaged in the manufacture of straw goods till 1863, when he established an insurance agency, extending his business througli western Norfolk county and Boston, continuing the same to the present time. In August, 1836, he was married, in Medway, to Eleanor, daughter of the Hon. Luther Metcalf of Medway, who died March 13, 1885. They were the parents of nine children, five of whom died in vouth. Of the remaining children, one is Theodore W. Fisher, M. I)., superintendent of the lunatic hospital in Boston, and lec- turer at the Harvard medical school. The others are : Mary Eleanor, teacher, Helen Frances (wife of Walter V. Hawkes), Cliftondale, and Frederick Luther, treas- urer of the Medway Savings Bank, and in- surance manager. Among the municipal offices and public trusts held by Mr. Fisher are those of postmaster, notary public, justice of the peace, state commissioner for certain rail- roads, etc. He was elected Republican sen- ator from Norfolk in 1859 and '60, in which position he was brought into prominence in several public contests. In recognition of his public services there, he was elected county commissioner for Norfolk in 1863, and held the position for three successive terms, and was for three years chairman of the board. Many signal improvements were inaugurated during his term of office. Mr. Fisher was early identified with the temperance cause from 1829, when he signed his first pledge, and has held an ad- vanced position in the movement ever since. He is now a director in the Massa- FISHER. FISKE. 215 chusetts Total Abstinence Society, and in tiie Washingtonian Home in Boston. The anti-slaver)' cause he also warmly espoused while a student in 1831, and was foremost in the movement in Amherst College in 1S33, firing the first anti-slavery gun in that institution. A year later he was appointed a delegate to the first anni- versary of the American Anti-Slavery Society at New York, making at the m^ t% MILTON M. FISHER. time an extended tour to Philadelphia and through Maryland and ^'irginia by private carriage, investigating the subject and distributing anti-slavery literature. In 1840 he assisted in organizing the old T.ibertv party. He was one of the original Free Soilers at Worcester in 1848, and (with the exception of Hon. E. R. Hoar) is the only surviving member of the com- mittee on the platform of the party. He was delegate from Norfolk county, with Hon. Charles Francis Adams, to the I5uffalo Free Soil convention in August of the same year He has been a deacon in the village church forty-nine years, and has always been identifietl with true religious pro- gress and Christian vvork. He is presi- dent of the Medway Savings Bank, and of the Dean I.ibrarv Association. He is also connected ofhciallv with the Sanford Woolen Mills and Sanford Hall. A prom- inent man in his community, he has always been a generous reformer, and has made his influence for good felt in many ways. FISK, George C, son of Thomas T. and Emily (Hildreth) Fisk, was born March 4, 183 1, in Hinsdale, Cheshire Co., N. H., His early education was received at the ]3ublic schools of his native town. After remaining there until 185 1, he went to Si^ringfield, Mass., where he accepted a position as book-keeper for T. W. Wason, car-builder, at a salary of one dollar a day. In 1854 he became a member of the firm of T. W. Wason iV- Co., car-builders, and at the organization of the ^\"ason Manu- facturing Company, in 1863, was elected treasurer. In 1869 he was made vice- president of the company, and became its president in 187 1, which office he holds at the present time, after thirty-six years of continuous connection with the business. On the 7th of June, 1852, Mr. Eisk was married in Hartford, Conn., to Maria E., tlau.gliter of Daniel H. and Martha J. Ripley. Their children are : Charles A. and Isabel R. F'isk. ]Mr. Fisk is one of the signal examples now and then furnished in .\merica, and especialljr here in New FJngland, of a bov, whose only educational facilities were the district schools and the gossip of the coun- try store, lifting himself to the highest positions of financial trust and importance. Few have ever started with less to depend upon in their surroundings, and few can point with greater pride to the dignity which they have attained. At present Mr. Fisk is president of the Wason Manufacturing Company, president of the Springfield Steam Power Company, president of the F'isk Manufacturing Com- pany, and proprietor of the Brightwood Paper Mills, at Hinsdale, N. H. FISKE, Daniel TaGGART, son of Eben- ezer and Hannah (Tirrill) Fiske, was born in Shelburne, F'ranklin county, March 29, 1819. After receiving the education of the district school, he prepared for college at Fellenberg Academy, Greenfield, and at a select school at Heath, together with home study, and entered Amherst College in 1838, graduating in 1842. He was principal of Amherst Acadeniv for a year after leaving college. In the fall of 1843 he entered the Andover Theo- logical Seminary, aud graduated in 1846. After devoting another year to study at 2l6 FISKE. FISKE. Andover, on the i8th of August, 1847, he was ordained pastor of the Belleville Con- gregational church at Newburyport — then Newbury — where he still resides. Mr. Fiske was first married in Boston, November 7, 1849, to Eliza Pomroy, daugh- ter of George D. and Mary (Pomroy) But- ton. Two children were born to them : Mary Fidelia, wife of Rev. C. A. Savage ; and George Dutton, who died October 13, 187 1. On the 14th of February, 1867, Mr. Fiske was again married in Newton, to Mrs. Caroline Walworth Drummond, daughter of George and Philura (Jones) \\'ahvorth. Since 1861 Mr. Fiske has been a mem- ber of the board of trustees of the Andover Theological Seminary, and of Phillips Academy, and since 1885 has been presi- dent of the board. He is a corporate member of the A. B. C. F. M. In 1862 he received the degree of D. D. from Amherst College. After his pastorate of forty years in the Belleville church, he offered his resignation ; but, at the request of the church and parish, he still retains the pas- toral relation, with the assistance of a colleague, on whom the pulpit and pastoral work chiefly devolves. Only once during his long term of labor has he been absent for any length of time. This was in 1868 and '6g, when he spent nine months abroad, visiting England, Scotland, Wales, France, Holland, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Egypt, Pales- tine, Turkey and Greece. FISKE, JOHN, son of Edmund Brewster and ]^Iary Fiske (Bound) Green, was born in Hartford, Conn., March 30, 1842, and lived at Middletown, Conn., from 1843 to '60. His name was originally Edmund Fiske Green, but in 1855 he took the name of his maternal great-grandfather, John Fiske. His early education in the lower schools was supplemented by a preparation for college at Bett's Academy, Stamford, Conn., and at Henry M. Colton's school at Middletown, Conn., and in Cambridge with Andrew T. Bates (Harv. 1859). He entered the sophomore class of Harvard University, and was graduated A. B. in 1863. The degree of LL. B. was con- ferred in 1865, and A. M. in 1866. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1864, and began practice in the office of D. P. Kimball, in Boston, in 1865. His literary tastes were always upper- most, and he began writing for magazines in 1 86 1. Before the close of 1865 he abandoned the practice of law for that of authorship, and is still engaged in the call- ing for which he is so well fitted. The trend of his mind is toward historv, and he stands to-day a leader in the ranks of historians, as well as a prominent educator in the same line. Prof. Fiske was university lecturer on philosophy. Harvard, 1869 to '71; instructor in history, Harvard, 1870 ; assistant libra- rian. Harvard, 1872 to '79 ; overseer of Harvard, 1879 to '85, and re-elected in 1885. He is professor of American history, M'ashington University, having been ap- JOHN FISKE. pointed to that chair in 1885. He is, or has been, a member of the American Acad- emy of Arts and Sciences, American Ori- ental Society, British Folk-lore Society, American Antiquarian Society and the California Historical Society. From 1876 to '81 he was president of the Boylston Club. Prof. Fiske was married in Appleton chapel, Cambridge, September 6, 1864, to Abby Morgan Brooks, of Petersham. Of this union are si.\ children : Maud, Harold Brooks, Clarence Stoughton, Ralph Brown- ing, Ethel, and Herbert Huxley Fiske. As an historian. Prof. Fiske combines accuracy of research with philosophic breadth of view. As associate editor of " Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Bi- ography," he has contributed scores of FISKE. FISKE. 217 articles on the most prominent men in American history. His published works are as follows : " Myths and Mythmakers " (1872) ; " Out- lines of Cosmic Philosophy" (two vols., 1874); "The Unseen World" (1876); "Darwinism and Other Essays " (1879) ; " E.xcursions of an Evolutionist" (1883) ; "TheDestiny of Man"(i884) ; "The Idea (if (k)d "(1885); "American Political Ideas" (1885); " \\'ashington and his Country" (1887); " The Critical Period of American HLstory " (1888) : " The War of Independ- ence " (1889) ; "The Beginnings of New England" (1889). FISKE, Joseph Emery, son of Emery and Eunice (Morse) Fiske, was born in Needham (now U'ellesley), Norfolk county, •October 23, 1839. He attended the common schools of his native town, and afterwards the Lawrence Academy, at Falmouth, fitting for college in the English and classical school at West Newton. He entered Harvard in 1857, and was graduated with the class of 1861. In 1862 he enlisted in company C, 43d M. v., serving as private and orderly- sergeant ; afterwards promoted to 2d lieu- tenant, ist lieutenant and captain in 2d Massachusetts heavy artillery, serving on the staff of Major-General F. P. Blair, commanding the 17th ami)' corps. He was a prisoner for ten months at Andersonville and Savannah, Ga., Charleston and Colum- bia, S. C, finally escaping and joining the army of General Sherman. After his return from the war he studied theology at Andover Theological Semi- nary, from which he was graduated in 1867. In 1868 the death of his father necessitated his assuming the responsibility of the homestead, and he is at present largely engaged in real estate transactions. June I, 1869, Mr. Fiske married Ellen M., daughter of Dexter and Mary (Smitli) Ware, who died January 17, 1871. On the Sth of June, 1872, Mr. Fiske married Abbie Sawyer, daughter of Rufus and Isabella (Howe) Hastings. His living children are : Ellen Ware and Isabella Howe Fiske, the latter being one of twin sisters. Mr. Fiske has held a variety of local offices in benevolent, religious and literary organizations. He is a Mason and Odd Fellow, and a member of Charles Ward Post 62, G. A. R., and also of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He was one of the selectmen of Needham from 1873 to '77 ; was chief marshal of the town at the centennial celebration of Concord and Lexington, in 1S75, and represented Needham in the lower branch of the Legislature in 1874. In 1876 he was a member of the state Senate, and received the honor of a re-election the following year, serving as chairman of the military committee. He was a member of the Needham school board from 1876 to '81, and has been the chairman of the school committee of Wellesley since its incorporation. He is usually the moder- ator of the Wellesley town meetings, and continues actively identified with all that tends to the welfare and permanent pros- perity of the town. Mr. Fiske traces a direct lineage to the family of Robert and Sybil (Gold) Fiske, who lived in Framingham, Suffolk county, England. His son, with two nephews, came JOSEPH E. FISKE. to Watertown, in 1635. Nathan, one of the nephews, and ancestor of Mr. Fiske, was one of the selectmen of Watertown in 1674 and '75. The direct line of descent is as follows : Nathaniel, 1678 ; Moses, 1713; Moses, 1746; Moses, 1776; Emery, 1803. These ancestors were more or less engaged in public matters, holding town offices, commissions, etc., his father being a member of the Legislature in 1840 and '42, and a member of the Constitutional Con- vention in 1853. !I8 FITCH. FLAGG. On his mother's side Mr. Fiske was descended from Samuel Morse, who came from England in 1635, and after a short stay in Watertown, settled in Dedham. He counts among his maternal ancestors, Lieut. John Bacon, who was killed in the battle of Lexington, and whose son, also honored with a commission, served in the revolutionary war. FITCH, ROBERT GERSHOM, son of Gershom M. and Almeda L. Fitch, was born at Sheffield, Berkshire county. May 19, 1846. LTntil twenty years of age he worked on the farm, when he fitted for college at the South Berkshire Institute, New Marlbor- ough, graduating at Williams College in 1870. While at college he was editor of the "Williams Quarterly,'' took an honorary oration at commencement, and was elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. In iSyo-'ya he was connected as jour- nalist with the " Springfield Republican," and the latter year he associated himself with the " Boston Post," serving as editor in various departments, up to editor-in- chief. Although his tastes and labors have been mainly in the direction of journalism, yet in May, 1886, he became a member of the board of fire commissioners in thecit\' of Boston, and was soon after chosen chair- man of the board. Under the administration of Mr. Fitch, the paper with which he was last connected grew in public estimation, and by its posi- tive, independent course made many warm and staunch friends. The present efficient status of the Boston fire department, now, as for many years, justly a matter of pride to the inhabitants of the city of Boston, is due in no small measure to the liberal policy and practical efficiency of the chair- man of the board which controls its man- agement. Mr. Fitch was married in Detroit, Mich., September 26, 1878, to Emma H., daughter of Burton and Minerva Emmons. She died in 1888, leaving as issue ; Helen M. and Emma M. Fitch. FITZ, Eustace Carey, son of Jeremiah and Hannah (Eaton) Fitz, was born in Haverhill, Essex county, February 5, 1833. He removed to Boston in 1834, and from thence to Chelsea in 1841, where he was educated in the public schools. Excepting a residence in Cambridge from 1856 to '59, he has continued to reside in Chelsea. He was a member of the common council in 1861, '62, and '63, and president during the last two years. He was mayor of Chelsea in 1864, '65 and '66, and trustee of the public library for eighteen years, closing his term of service with a gift to the city of a library building costing upward of twenty-five thousand dollars. He was in the House of Representatives in 1873 and '74 ; in the Senate in 1875 and '76, and in the governor's council in 1881 and '82. He is now chairman of the commissioners of prisons. He is a member of the firm of Fuller, Dana & Fitz, iron merchants, of Boston ; is a member of the Baptist denomination, and president of the trustees of Newton 'I'heological Institution. EUSTACE C. FITZ. On the loth of January. 1S56, he was married to Sarah Jane, daughter of Alfred and Margaret C. Blanchard, of Chelsea. Of this union are four children : Frank E., Emma J., .Vlfred ^\'., and Robert F. Fitz. FLAGG, Solomon, son of Solomon and Esther (Brown) Flagg, was born in Boston, August 24, 1S04. He received his early education in the schools of Need- ham, where he has ever since resided, in the portion incorporated in 1881, and known as the town of Wellesley. His first service to the public was in 1825, as teacher in the public schools of Sherborn, Dover, Natick, Needham, and Wellesley, FLETCHER. FLETCHER 219 cluring; the summer months lieing engaged in farming. Mr. I'lagg was married in Needham, No- vember 15, 1S27, to KHza, daughter of Ben- jamin and Saraii (Brown) Hall. Mrs. Flagg died April 7, 1875, aged seventy-three years. Of this union were three children: Charles Henry (deceased), George H. P. and Charles C. Flagg. Mr. Flagg has been honored above most of his fellow-citizens, by being called to occupy every important office in the gift of the town — town clerk thirty-eigiit years, town treasurer twenty-one years, selecttnan five years, representative to the General Court two years (1834 and 1S61), assessor twenty years, and member of the school boaril twenty-eight years. It is largely due to the unostentatious lives of such conscientious, reliable citi- zens that Massachusetts holds her ]iroud pre-eminence in the character and stability of her cherished institutions. FLETCHER, ASA A., son of Nahor and Ciiloe Fletcher, was born in Mendon, ^\'orcester county, June 23, 1823. He attended district schools from ten to thir- teen weeks in winter until seventeen years okl. This, with si-x months' high school attendance, closed his school life. His first connection in business was as traveling salesman in the boot and shoe interest. He traveled in Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, carrying his samples on horseback, as was the custom in those days, depending upon horse-teams to dis- tribute merchandise, and taking in payment the produce of the farm, or the paper money of wild-cat banks, with which the country at that time was flooded. The venture was not a success, owing mainly to the heavy e.xchange on New York, reach- ing at times twenty per cent. Returning home, he found employment in a boot manufactory, where he remained seven years, the last few years as fore- man. Failing health compelled him to change his business. He removed to Uxbridge and engaged in the boarding, hotel, livery stable, and butchering business. After live years of success, he sold out the busi- ness and removed to Franklin; engaged in hotel business five years; sold out again, antl spent the three following years in Chicago and Toledo, engaged in the straw business. This, also, was a financial success. Selling out his interest, he returned to Franklin, and again took up hotel business, with whicii he continued to be successfully iiientified until 1870, when he engaged in Dean Academy as steward, where he re- mained twelve years. He has been selectman, assessor, and overseer of the poor, holding one or more ASA A, FLETCHER. of those offices continuously for sixteen years, and is more or less engaged in town business, which, with the cultivation of a small farm, makes up his present vocation. He is director and vice-president of the Franklin Savings Bank, director of the Franklin Water Company, and a member (.f F. & A. M., and I. O. O. F. Mr. Fletcher was married in Manches- ter, Conn., in October, 1847, to Harriet li., daughter of William and Ede Durkee. Of this union were two children : Austin li. and a daughter, deceased. FLETCHER, Daniel W., son of Rufus R. and Sarah M. (Whitney) Fletcher, was born in Groton (now Ayer), Middlesex county, Feb. i, 1852. His early education was limited to dis- trict schools. At the age of thirteen, his father needing the aid of his boy's hands to contribute to the family support, he se- cured work in R. T. Bartlett's clothing store. He attended school the following winter, and the fall and winter of i866-'67 at Lawrence Academv, Groton, working in the store nights and mornings, and during vacations. 320 FLETCHER. FLETCHER. In the spring- of 1867 Mr. Bartlett took him as apprentice to learn the trade of custom-cutting. He learned his trade in the five years following, and took charge of the business, working until September, 1879, making nearly fourteen years in the same employ. In the summer of 1879 he bought out the stock of a general clothing and fur- nishing goods, boot and shoe store in Ayer, in company with E. D. Stone, under the firm name of Fletcher & Stone, where he still continues the business. In 1874 Mr. Fletcher was married to Emma A. Phelps of Ayer. They have four children: two sons and two daughters. In 1881 he was made a director of the Townsend National Bank, receiving de- posits at Ayer. He helped to organize the First National Bank of Ayer, and on No- vember I, 1883, was chosen vice-president and one of the directors. In 1885 he helped to organize a savings bank in Ayer, called the North Middlesex Savings Bank, and was chosen trustee and auditor. Some of the public interests of the town are usually in his hands, and he is treas- urer of several private organizations. FLETCHER, GEORGE ALBERT, son of Timothy and Sarah Preston (Adams) Fletcher, was born in Boston, March 7, 1842. His father was a brother of Grace Fletcher, first wife of Daniel Webster, and a descendant of Robert Fletcher, who came to America in 1630. His mother was a descendant of Henry Adams, who came to America the same year. His maternal grandfather was Dr. Samuel Adams, a sur- geon in the revolutionary army, and one of General Washington's staff. Boston primary schools, Milton grammar schools and Milton Academy, gave him his early educational training. From the lat- ter school he was graduated in 1858, having been fitted for Harvard College. He was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1862. Mr. Fletcher was married in Pawtucket, R. I., November 19, 1873, to Jennie Fran- ces Clapp, a lineal descendant of Captain Roger Clapp of Boston (1630), and daughter of Dr. Sylvanus and Lucy Mari (Clapp) Clapp. Of this union were five children : Grace Webster, Lucy Mari, Sallie Pres- ton, Samuel Adams and Jennie Clapp Fletcher. Mr. Fletcher enlisted as private in the 38th regiment, Ma.ssachusetts volunteer in- fantry, August 22, 1862 ; was promoted to 2d lieutenant, 56th regiment, September 9, 1863, I St lieutenant, June, 1864, and captain. May, 1865. He was a member of the Milton school board 1872, '73, '74 and '75 ; commander of Huntington F. Wolcott Post 102, G. A. R., 1881 to '86 ; sachem of Uncataquisset Tribe 53, 1. O. R. M., 1888 ; treasurer of the N. E. Kennel Club, and of the 56th Massa- chusetts Veteran Association at the present time, and member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. His residence is in Milton, and he is now engaged in the cracker business, a member of the firm of Bent & Co., established iSoi. FLETCHER, JOHN WARE, son of Amos and Sarah (^\■are) Fletcher, was born in Norridgewock, Somerset county, Maine, April II, 1824. The town school and academy furnished him with his educational training. His first connection in business was in Norridgewock, Me., 1842, in a country store and drugs. Subsequently in Bangor in dry goods and carpets, 1844, and in Bos- ton, in the grain, hay and flour commis- sion business, 1 851 to '61. JOHN W FLETCHER He is at present treasurer and manager of the Star Manufacturing Company. Mr. Fletcher was first married in Port- land, Maine, June 3, 1846, to Elizabeth Douglas, daughter of William and Julia FLOWER. FLOWER. 221 ( Douglas) Hyde. Of this union were two children: John Amos and Charles Richard- son Fletcher. He was married the second time, in Chelsea, May 25, 1864, to Mary (iould, daughter of John and Phebe Cor- nish (Qould) Brown. Of this union were five children : Marion Ware, Lawrence Brown, Annie Brown, Alice Mary and Albert Tripp Fletcher. Mr. Fletcher was several years director of the Wnmisimmet Benevolent Society, Chelsea ; lieutenant in the state artillery, .Maine, seven years ; lieutenant 43d Massa- chusetts regiment, in the war of the rebel- lion, serving in the signal corps ; captain in 36th U«ited States colored troops. He is a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion and of the Grand .-Vrmy of the Republic. He has served as president of the common council, member of the board of aldermen, and mayor of Chelsea i87i-'72 ; represen- tative to the General Court from Chelsea, 1873 and '74, and president of the Chelsea water board three years. FLOWER, Richard Charles, son of Alfred and Elizabeth (Orange) Flower, was born in .Albion, Edwards county. 111., I )ecember 1 1, 1849. Private schools in his native town gave him advantages for his early educational training until he was eleven years of age. He then was sent to Northwestern LTniver- sity, Lidianapolis, Ind., where he was thoroughly prepared for a university course, and pursuing it, was graduated in the class of 1868. He studied law and was admitted to practice, but upon the solicitation of family and friends, he relinquished his plans, and entered the ministry. In this field he was blessed with remarkable success, preaching in the West — Illinois, Indiana and Ken- tucky. His last call was to the city of Alliance, Ohio, December, 1875. About this time Dr. P'lower was impressed with the feeling that he was not laboring in the sphere to which nature had ordained him. During his whole life he had felt called to another line of activities. From boyhood having a trend toward the natural sciences, and acquiring by study a love for organic structure — both animal and vege- table — he soon after graduation felt the longing for the professional career he ulti- mately must adopt. He was further inclined toward this by a belief in his own intuitive knowledge in the diagnosis of disease. His strong desire to become a healer of the sick at last directed his action, and he entered the Cincinnati Health College, having previously gone through a thorough preparation with Andrew Strong, M. D., of Troy, N. Y., who was so long connected with Bellevue Hosjiital. His early practice after graduation from the medical college was successful. He RICHARD C. FLOWER. built up a phenomenal business in Phila- delphia and New York, but always being anxious to live in Boston, he removed there in 1882, where he continued his regular practice, distinguishing himself by his peculiar manner of diagnosis, and immense volume of business. In the early part of 1889 Dr. Flower built and opened the now well-known " Hotel Flower," on Columbus Avenue, Boston. This institution combines the features of the home, hotel and hospital, without the disagreeable accompaniments of the latter. Palatial in its construction and appointments, it is fitted with every known style of bath, electro-remedial appli- ances, and convenience for the comfort of the resident, guest or invalid, furnishes first-class hotel accommodations and thoroughly trained medical attendance. This institution, the first of its kind opened in the Commonwealth, is an ornament to the city and a credit to its founder. Dr. Flower was first married in Jeffer- sonville, Ind., in December, 187 1, to Ella, 222 FLOYD. FLYNN. daughter of Larkin and Amanda (Spangler) Nicholson. Of this union were two chil- dren : Altus D. and Jewel Flower. His second marriage was in July, 1877, with Mayde M., daughter of C. C. and Hannah (Shourds) Manfull. Of this union is one child : Evangeline Flower. FLOYD, David 2d, son of Edward and Lucretia (Tewksbury) Floyd, was born in Winthrop, Suffolk county, October 26, 1854. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public schools and in French's Commercial College. In 1884 he com- pleted the four years' course of study in the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, and was graduated therefrom. DAVID FLOYD, 2d. He began business life by clerking in a general store. In 1882 he was elected one of the assessors of ^^'inthrop, and finding need of a better system of keeping real estate records of this fast-growing town, he established the " Block " system of writing up and keeping the changes of every par- cel of land in the town — Winthrop being the first town in the Commonwealth to adopt such a system. Since the death of his father in 1879 he has had much to do with the real estate formerly in his charge, and in January, 1889, he with Frank W. Tucker formed a co-partnership as general agents for the care and sale of real estate, the placing of mortgages, writing fire insurance, etc., under the firm name of Floyd & Tucker, with offices both in Winthrop and Boston. Mr. Floyd was married, June 9, 1886, to Belle A., daughter of Charles T. and Emily E. (Fernald) Seavey. They have no chil- dren. Mr. Floyd is a trustee and steward of Win- throp M. E. church ; president of the Law and Order League and the Winthrop Hor- ticultural Society; was clerk of the Boston, Winthrop & Point Shirley R. R. Co., 1879 and '80 ; has been town treasurer since 1883 ; was representative to the General Court, 1887 and '88, serving on committees on mercantile affairs, taxation (chairman), and engrossed bills ; he is a trustee and one of the founders of Winthrop public library, and was for several years chairman of the Republican town committee. FLYNN, Edward James, son of Maurice and Mary (McSweeny) Flynn, was born in Boston, June 16, 1859. He was graduated from the public schools of Boston, common and high. On leaving the public schools he entered Bos- ton College, and was graduated therefrom in 1881, as valedictorian of his class, re- ceiving the degree of A. B., and afterwards that of A. M. in 18S4. After graduation he began the study of law, and was graduated from the Boston Lhiiversity law school in 1884, with the de- gree of LL. B. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar the same year, and also took a special course of law at the Harvard Uni- versity law school. He began business in 1884, opening a law office in Boston, where he has since remained in practice. Mr. Flynn is a member of the Boston Catholic LInion, Harvard Law School As- sociation, Boston LTniversity Association, Boston College Alumni Association, of which he was the first secretary. He was the first president of the Paul Revere Division, Massachusetts LTnited Benevolent Association. He was elected to the House of Repre- sentatives from the 6th Suffolk district, and served during 1885, '86, and '88 ; elected a member of the governor's coun- cil for 1889, the only Democratic mem- ber ; appointed by the mayor of Boston a director of the East Boston ferries during 1886, '87 and '88. He is a member of the Democratic city committee of Boston. Mr. Flynn was the youngest man who ever sat as a ferry director, the youngest man who ever sat in the governor's coun- FLYNT. FLVXT. 223 cil, and one of the youngest members of the House of Representatives. He always took an active part in the legislative debates, and served on the EDWARD J FLYNN committees of probate and insolvenc)-, elec- tion laws, constitutional amendments, and judiciary. Mr. Flynn is unmarried. FLYNT, William Norcross, son of Rufus and Sarah (Norcross) Flynt, was born at Monson, Hampden county, March 14, 1818. His father was one of the most prominent citizens of Monson, and an incorporator of the Monson Academy, where j\Ir. Flynt obtained his education. After leaving the academy, he entered upon his business career as a clerk in his father's store, and continued in the same employment for several years after his father's death, under the hitter's successors. Before his death his father had worked a granite quarry to a slight extent, and in 1839, the son turned his attention to this industry, further developing it, so that it soon became his principal business, and to it he devoted the best energy of his life, forming the Flynt Clranite Company and tile Flynt Building & Construction Com- pany, of both of which he is president. During his life he has held many public offices of responsibility. He is the oldest trustee of the Monson Academy now in service, being its treasurer sixteen years. For thirty years he was treasurer 'of the town, and was the projector and first president of the Monson Bank. He has also been president of the savings bank at Palmer. In 1848, in the Legislature, he secured a charter for the New London Northern K. R. against strong opposition, and was a member of the House of Representatives again in i860 and '61. In 1865 and '66 he was in the executive council in the administrations of Governors Andrew and Bullock. In 1888 he was elected alternate delegate to the national Republican con- vention. June 4, 1846, Mr. Flynt married Joanna, daughter of Col. Isaac King of Palmer. Mrs. F"lynt died in 1850, leaving a son, William King Flynt, who was associated with his father in business from 1872 till his decease, February 22, 1886, aged thirty- five. In 1852 Mr. Flynt married Eudo- cia Carter, daughter of Marquis Converse of 13rimfield. His children are : Maria I, von, Rufus, Lyman Coleman, Sarah Con- WILLIAM N. FLYNT. verse, Ella Eudocia, and George Converse Flynt. The three sons are all immediately associated with their father in his various undertakings. 22 Af FOGG, FOOTE. FOGG, Ebenezer Thayer, son of Ebenezer Thayer and Betsey (Tower) Fogg, was born in Scituate, Plymouth county, October 30, 1S26, and educated at the common schools. He began business as a mechanical ship- joiner, and subsequently for twenty-nine years was engaged in mercantile affairs. At present he is occupied as treasurer of the South Scituate Savings Bank. On the 5th day of October, 1859, Mr. Fogg was married to Helen Louise, daugh- ter of Benjamin and Margaret (Tilden) Smith. Their children are : Ebenezer Thayer, Helen Hambleton, and Horace Tower Fogg. He was appointed receiver of the Scitu- ate Savings Bank. Among other offices of trust and responsibility, he has held the position of postmaster for twenty-nine years, town clerk for thirty-one years, town treasurer twenty-eight years, and he was for four years upon the school committee. In 1880 and '81 he was elected senator to the state Legislature, and served upon such important committees as fisheries, roads and bridges, and woman suffrage. He was chairman of the committee on the liquor law in 1880. FOLSOM, JOHN Sanborn, .son of John Tilton and Hannah Morrill (Sanborn) Fol- som, was born October 12, 1840, in Man- chester, Hillsborough county, N. H. He is a lineal descendant in the seventh genera- tion from John Folsom, who set sail April 26, 1638, from the mouth of the Thames, England, in the ship " Diligent," of Ips- wich, and who on his arrival in America settled in Hingham. His father, Dr. John T. Folsom, was for many years a successful and widely known practitioner of dentistry in the city of Gloucester, and later in Bos- ton. Having spent his boyhood and youth in school, at the age of si.xteen years he en- tered his father's office and devoted him- self to the study and practice of dentistry, under the careful instruction and experi- enced eye of his father, who designed to give his son the best advantages for this profession. After two or three years' train- ing he went to Baltimore and then to New York City, spending some two years in the offices of the most eminent dentists in the country at that period. Dr. Folsom, about i860, returned to his father's office in Gloucester, a well-read and skilled operator in dentistry. After some years he, with his father and uncle, N. T. Folsom, also a dentist, opened an office in Boston, where they had a large practice. Meanwhile his uncle became the inventor of what was known as the " Fol- som Dental Packing Ridge," patented January i, 1867, which became so import- ant to dentistry everywhere, that they all were engaged for a time in introducing this new invention, which yielded a very handsome pecuniary return. Subseciuently Dr. Folsom engaged some- what in other business, but still doing more or less in his profession. He himself made some valuable inventions in saddlery and hardware. After his father's death, for some years he was in company with his uncle, N. T. Folsom, in Boston, where he gave attention to the sale of goods manu- factured under their several patents, and devoted some time to his professional prac- tice in the place where he resided. He was a prominent citizen in Medway and a leader in politics as a Jackson Democrat, being on the Democratic town committee, where he was a faithful and energetic worker. As a business man. Dr. Folsom has had a good measure of executive ability, and has enjoyed the entire confidence of the community in which he has lived. He was a popular candidate in 1884 for representative to the General Court, receiv- ing a heavy vote of his townsmen without respect to party lines. In 1885, upon the incorporation of the town of Millis, he was chosen a member of the first board of selectmen, and on the decease of Lansing Millis, Dr. Folsom became chairman of the board. He was a judicious, progressive and faithful town officer. Dr. Folsom married, July 6, 1865, Marion Augusta, daughter of Dr. James B. and Priscilla A. (Godfrey) Ciould. She was born October 10, 1843, in New England Village, and died February 17, 1883. FOOTE, Caleb, the son of Caleb and Martha (\\"est) Foote, was born in Salem, Essex county, February 28, 1803. His paternal grandfather served in the revolutionary war, under Washington at Cambridge, and afterward as a prize- master at sea, where he was captured by an English ship and confined in Forton prison till he made his escape. He was a descendant of Pasco Foote, who settled in Salem before 1637. His maternal grand- father, Samuel West, died in a trading voyage to Virginia. The father of the subject of this sketch lost his life at sea in 1 8 10. He was then left at the tender age of seven, fatherless, motherless and portionless FOOTE, FORBES. 225 — wholly dependent on relatives, and began to earn his own living at ten years of age, when he left the North Salem public school, and his school education was ended. He first went to attend in the shop of an uncle in Salem, and later in Boston, return- ing to Salem again for employment in a liook-store. Soon after this, he was on the point of following the sea for a livelihood, and had in fact shipped as cabin-boy for a sealing voyage in the .\rctic regions, when the captain who had engaged him broke the agreement in order to take a larger and stronger boy, and thereby diverted the current of his life. CALEB FOOTE. He then found employment in the office of the "Salem Clazette ;" this was in 181 7, since which time he has worked his way up in the same establishment from apprentice to proprietor and editor, having, at the .date of withdrawal (October, 18S8), been in active service in the office seventy-one years, and sixty-three of them as senior proprietor and editor. Mr. P'oote also established a small weekly paper, to which he gave the name of " The Salem Mercury," and it became an import- ant addition to the influence of the ofiice, being subsequently enlarged, and its title changed to that of " The Essex County Mercurv." The "Gazette" had a hard struggle at the outset of its career, but for more than a hundred years it has been regularly issued under the successive direction of two per- sons — Thomas C. Gushing from 1786 to 1823, and Caleb Foote from 1825 to Octo- ber, 1888. For the brief space of twenty- seven months after Mr. Cushing's with- drawal, Mr. Ferdinand Andrews had the place of senior proprietor, being succeeded in that capacity by Mr. Foote, who in 1854 was joined by Nathaniel A. Horton, as junior editor, who now publishes the "(lazette and Mercury" under the firm name of N. A. Horton & Son. Such public duties as the engrossing labors of an editor would permit came early to Mr. Foote. He served on the school committee in 1830 and '31, and was a member of the House of Representatives in 1833 and '34, declining a re-election. In January, 1838, he was elected by the Legislature a member of the executive council, and again in 1839, declining a subsequent re-election. In May, 1841, he was appointed postmaster of Salem, which position he retained three years. In 1867 he took a vacation for a trip to Kurope. Mr. Foote was married, October 2, 1835, to Mary Wilder, the daughter of Hon. Daniel Appleton AMiite, judge of probate for Essex county. She died I>ecember 24, 1857. Of their six children, three are sur- viving : Rev. Henry W. Foote and Arthur Foote, now of Boston, and Mrs. Mary W„ wife of John B. Tilestoh, of Milton. FORBES, ROBERT Bennett, .son of Ralph Bennett and Margaret (Perkins) Forbes, was born in Jamaica Plain, Sep- tember 18, 1804. His family on both sides originated in Scotland. His jiaternal grandfather was Rev. John Forbes, of Milton, who married Dorothy Murray, of that town. In 1807 his parents removed to Boston. Two years later his father went to Europe. January 17, 181 1, the family embarked in the topsjyl schooner " Midas," bound for Marseilles. After de- tention by British war vessels, they arrived in safety, and were joined by the husband and father. Here the children remained at a boarding-school, while the parents traveled thirteen months in Europe and Africa. On their return they went to Bor- deaux, and remained five months. May 13, 1813, they embarked in an American schooner for home, sailing under a letter of marque. They were captured by a British cruiser, taken into Corunna, Spain. Later on they took passage in the brig 226 FORBES. FORBES. " Caroline," were again captured, taken into Tagus Roads, escaped in the "Leda," a fishing boat, and went to Lisbon, and finally reached Newport, R. I. Mr. Forbes went into the employ of his cousin, S. Cabot, and James and Thomas S. Perkins, Jrs. In October, 1817, he went before the mast in the ship " Canton Packet," full of determination to some day command the ship. The second voy- age he was made third mate, and was pro- moted to second mate when sixteen years of age. He was captain of the " Levant " when twenty. Since that time he has visited many ports, and been participator in some of the ROBERT B. FORBES. most stirring adventures that can happen to travelers by land or sea. At the age of twenty-six he commanded his own ship, at twenty-eight he abandoned the sea as a profession, and at thirty-six was at the head of the house of Russell & Company, the largest American house in China. In 1S32 he returned home, and on the 20th of January, 1834, married Rose Creen, daughter of John .Smith. Their surviving children are : Robert Bennett, Jr., Edith Perkins, and James Murray Forbes, several having died in infancy. In 1847 Mr. Forbes participated in the humane and timely act of forwarding sup- plies to the Irish, who at that time were suffering all the horrors of famine and fever. A petition had been presented to Congress by Commodore De Kay, and through the influence of Robert C. Win- throp, an amendment to it was carried through, granting the " Macedonian " to De Kay, and the "Jamestown" to Mr. Forbes. People of Boston and vicinity took great interest in this relief expedi- tion and contributed very freely. On the 28th of March, 1847, with a crew of only thirty-one able men, and with about eight thousand barrels of provisions on board, he sailed for Ireland. A remarkably quick passage of fifteen days and three hours brought them to their destination, where the}' were most enthusiastically received by the grateful people. The voyage of the " Jamestown " was a most pronounced success. Leaving as she did at an unfa- vorable season of the year, and heavily laden, she made a passage that has rarely, if ever, been equaled by a sailing vessel. Mr. Forbes returned to China in 1838 and again in 1849. AVhile there on his last visit he held the American vice-con- sulate, and at one time acted for the French in the same capacity. After his return he was engaged in the China trade. At the breaking out of the civil war he organized a coast guard for the instruction of merchant seamen in ordnance, and acted as chief of a commission to superintend the building of nine gun-boats. He was elected a trustee of the Humane Society of Massachusetts in 1841, and was for several years its vice-president. He was one of the founders of the Snug Harbor at Germantown, Quincy, and for some years its president. He has been inter- ested, as owner and builder, in some seventy vessels. He bought the propeller " Pembroke," the only vessel that sailed during the war under a letter of marque. Mr. Forbes is keenly alive to all matters that affect maritime interests, and partic- ularly those that tend to the safety and amelioration of the sailor. He has pro- nounced views upon these and kindred matters, and hopes to live long enough to see " ocean lanes " and his new rig for ves- sels adopted. FORBES, William Trowbridge, son of Ephraim Trowbridge and Catharine (White) Forbes, was born in Westborough, Worcester county. May 24, 1850. His preparatory education was obtained in the public schools of his native town, Allen's classical school, West Newton, and FORD. FORD. V under the tuition of Rev. James Tufts, Monson. He was graduated from Amherst College in the class of 187 i. After graduation he pursued his legal studies at Worcester, with Bacon, Hopkins WILLIAM T. FORBES, & Bacon, was admitted to the Massachu- setts bar in 1878, and in 1879 commenced the practice of law in Westborough, where he still resides. Mr. Forbes was married in Worcester, February 5, 1884, to Harriette, daughter of William T. and Maria C (Brighani) Merrifield. Of this union are three chil- dren : William T. M., Allan White and Cornelia Brigham Forbes. Judge Forbes was instructor in mathe- matics in Robert College, Constantino|5le, Turkey, from 187 1 to '74 ; standing jus- tice of the ist district court of East Worces- ter, 1875 to '79 ; member of the House of Representatives, 1881 and '82 ; member of the state Senate, 1886 and '87, and was made judge of the courts of probate and insolvency for Worcester county, 1888, which position he now holds. FORD, William Edwin, son of Eiisha and Nancy (Pierce) Ford, was born in Milton, Norfolk county, July 20, 1823. He obtained his education in the com- mon schools of Dorchester. In 1840 he began life for himself, and learned the silversmith's trade in Boston with Newell Hartling. While learning his trade he became a member of the Ap])rentices' Library Association, making himself a valuable member by his attention to the various duties he was called upon to perform. He was duly elected an honorary member upon his retiring from the association. Mr. Ford was married in Boston, June 15, 1848, to Margaret E. N. Brewster, a descendant of "Elder Brewster." She was the daughter of Joshua and Elizabeth (Shortridge) Brewster, of New Hampshire. They have no living children. Mr. Ford has been associated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows since 1844, and has passed through the different grades of office in the order, from the most humble to that of grand master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. He is known by many as the " Father of the Flag of the Order," as it was on his report, as chairman of the committee, that the flag was adopted by the Sovereign Grand Lodge of Baltimore, in 1868. He was representa- WILLIAM E, FORD. tive from Massachusetts to the Sovereign (irand Lodge of the United States in 1865, upon their re-union after the war. The procurement of the Odd Fellows' burial lot in Mt. Hope Cemetery resulted 228 FOSS. FOSS. largely from his efforts to provide a burial place for members of his own lodge, Siloam No. 2, of IJoston. To him is due the credit of perfecting the plan for an Odd Fellows' home for the aged member, his widow, and orphan chil- dren, and he is at the present time the presi- dent of the board" of trustees of the same. For many years he was the chairman of the relief committee of the order in Bos- ton, and is now the treasurer of that body. Few men have been more devoted to the charitable work of the fraternity than this tireless laborer. In other departments of charitable work he has been an active and devoted serv- ant. For many years he was a visitor in the Boston Provident Association, and in church matters he has always been a con- sistent Universalist. Mr. Ford is a practical man — positive in his convictions, generous in his nature, and gives himself heartily to the cause he espouses. He has filled a position in the Boston public library since it first moved to its present site on Boylston Street, in 1848, and has won the respect of his as- sociates by his fidelity and urbanity. FOSS, James Henry, son of Joshua and Eliza (Foss) Foss, was born in Charles- ton, Penobscot county, Maine, July 25, 1842. Passing through the public schools of Rowley, Mass., he determined to secure a liberal education, and prepared for college at Dummer Academy, Byfield, under the tuition of Prof. Marshall Henshaw. He was graduated A. B. from Brown University, Providence, R. I., in the class of 1863. While fitting for college, he taught school in Barrington, N. H., at the early age of fifteen, and at that time impressed with a belief that it was his mission, preached the gospel according to the Bap- tist faith in the pulpits of the surrounding towns. After graduation he made a distinguished reputation as an educator, teaching in high school, Bristol, Conn., House of Refuge, Randall's Island, N. Y., Williams Academy, Stockbridge, Mass., Brisco school, Beverly, grammar school, Winchester, and the Bigelow school, Newton. He was also superintendent of Rowley common schools, and of the Bigelow district school of Newton. Leaving his profession on account of ill health, he was appointed by the Hon. George B. Loring, deputy commissioner of the United States Department of Agri- culture. Mr. Foss was married in Gloucester, to Mary H., daughter of Parker Burnham, of that city. Of this union were three chil- dren : Mary P., Ada and Ida Foss. Mr. Foss was married the second time in Allston, June 20, 1878, to Lillian A., daugh- ter of Quincy A. and Betsey C. (Wedge) Washburn. Lillian A. Washburn was an JAMES H. FOSS. elocutionist and musician of no small repute. Of this union is one child : Eliza- beth Foss. Mr. Foss has always been active in state and national politics, an ardent Republican and campaign speaker. He is president of the Needham Republican club. Mr. Foss is known better to-da}- as a founder and builder of towns in Florida. While in the department of agriculture, he possessed opporttniities for becoming acquainted with the best portions of the undeveloped lands of Florida, and upon his retirement from office, he availed him- self of what knowledge he had gained, and sometimes for himself, sometimes in com- pany with others, purchased large tracts of land in the healthful highlands of Florida, where he has founded and built two flourish- ing towns, Altamont, Orange county, and Belleview, Marion county. In the former town he built the famous Altamont Hotel. Belleview contains already one hundred FOSTER. FOTTLER. 229 houses, three hotels, schools, churches, .stores, manufactories, etc. Mr. Foss has disposed of over $250,000 worth of Florida lands in these two towns. His present vocation is furthering their interests by lecturing in northern cities, planting orange groves for investors, building houses for winter as well as permanent residents, sell- ing lands in large or small tracts, writing books, etc. He is energetic, persevering, and possesses the confidence of all who know him. FOSTER, Enoch, .son of Zephaniah K. and Mercv T. (Trull) Foster, was born in Tewksbury, Middlese.x county, April 22, 1831. He attended the common schools, where he received his early educational training. He began business life as a manufac- turer of furniture, with his brother and Nathaniel P. Cole, under the firm name of J. & E. Foster & Co., in April, 1851. In a few years the firm name was changed to Fosters & Cole. In 1856 Fosters & Cole sold out to Wood Bros., and bought out the furniture ware-room of C. G. Weaver &: Co., in Lowell, and soon after admitted Francis Kingman of Reading. The par- ties who bought out the manufacturing business being unable to carry out their contract, Fosters & Cole were obliged to resume control of their business, and therefore sold their Lowell interests to Adams & North. They were afterwards interested in sev- eral furniture manufacturing and wholesale and retail establishments in Massachusetts and California. In 1886 Mr. Foster closed out nearly all of his interests in the wholesale, retail and manufacturing business, and turned his attention to farming, his present occupation. Mr. Foster was married in Reading to Mary J., daughter of Aaron and Mary A. (Jaques) Frost. They have no children. Mr. Foster has been called to serve his municipality as town clerk, selectman, town treasurer, justice of the peace, etc. He has been representative to the General Court two sessions. His church connec- tions are with the Congregational church and society, of which he is deacon and treasurer. FOTTLER, Jacob, son of John and Mary (Donald) F'ottler, was born in Dor- chester, Norfolk county, August 19, 1839. He obtained his school training in the common schools of Belmont and Brighton, and at the Eliot high school, Jamaica TIain. He worked at home on his father's farm — a tract of land now included within the boundaries of Franklin Park — also for a time at Hingham ; at the age of nineteen he left home for California, and for some time was employed on a ranch in that state ; coming back to Boston, he secured a situation in Faneuil Hall market. In 1872 he was admitted as a partner in the firm of Sands, Furber & Co., which busi- ness relation still continues. Mr. Fottler was married in Sanbornton, N. H., March 12, 1865, to Lucy Ann, daughter of Captain Edward and Phebe (Morrison) Evans. Of this union are two children : Frances Bell and Milton Evans Fottler. Mr. F'ottler was a member of the Boston common council in 1885, '86 and '87, and served on the following committees : pub- lic parks, public institutions, markets, elec- tions, and sale of reservoir lot. He was a member of the House of Representatives, JACOB FOTTLER. 1888 and '89, and served on the commit- tee on the State-house. He is a member of the Boston Chamber of Commerce — elect- ed to serve on the board of directors for a term of three years ; a member of the Boston Fruit and Produce Exchange, and also of the Bay State Agricultural So- ciety. 230 FOWLER. FOX. He is a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massa- chusetts — receiving a lieutenant's commis- sion June 6, iSSy. Mr. Fottler visited England in July, 1887, as one of the dele- gation of the " Ancients," who were invited by the Honourable Artillery Company of London to be present and assist in the ■ three hundred and fiftieth anniversary cele- bration of that company. FOWLER, Benjamin Austin, son of Benjamin Coleman and Sophia Cowdrey (.Stevens) Fowler, was born in Stoneham, Middlesex county, December 14, 1843. He passed through all the grades of school in Stoneham, including the high school, from which he went to Phillips Acadeni}', Andover, and was graduated in 1862. He was an active member of the Phillips Academy Cadets, a company of pa- triotic young men preparing themselves for future service in the army, where many of them were found before the close of the civil war. In 1863 Mr. Fowler entered Yale Col- lege, and was graduated in the class of 1868, having lost one year from illness contracted in the army. He engaged in teaching in Danvers for one year ; was salesman in a wholesale shoe store in Boston one year ; studied law one year, until ill health necessitated a change. For several years he was in the real estate business. Continued poor and failing health led him into the subscription book business, in 1875. Li 1881 he became in- terested in silver mining in New Mexico, and devoted his time to it until 1884, when he bought back the book business sold in 1881. From early in 1886 he was the New England agent of Dodd, Mead & Co., pub- lishers, of New York City, and in February, i88g, he accepted the position of general manager of their subscription book busi- ness, with headquarters in New York, Mr. Fowler was married in Medford, October 17, 1888, to Ella Frances, daugh- ter of Benjamin F. and Almedia Hobson (Cobb) Quinby. Mr. Fowler was a member and secretary of the Stoneham school board from 1871 to '76 ; has been delegate to various Re- publican conventions, county and state ; was superintendent of the Sunday-school of the First Congregational church of Stone- ham from 1870 to '76 ; treasurer of the parish, 1871 and '72; president of the Stoneham Choral Society, and has been generally active in many minor societies — • social and literarv. Mr. Fowler enlisted in August, 1862, in company C, 50th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers — nine months' troops; joined General Banks's expedition to the Gulf, and served in Louisiana ; was detailed into the signal corps, and there remained until the 50th regiment was ordered home. He participated in the siege of Port Hudson ; was then attached to General Dudley's staff and ordered down the Mississippi River to Bayou La Fourche on an expedi- tion to Brashear City ; was in the disastrous engagement at Donaldsonville, and was mustered out about one year from the time of enlistment. FOX, James Augustus, son of George Howe and Emily (Wyatt) Fox, was born in Boston, August 11, 1827. He traces his ancestry to prominent English and Scotch families ; on the paternal side to one in Lincolnshire, England, which in- cluded the author of the celebrated " Book of Martyrs ; " and on the maternal to the Scotch family of Forbes, represented in the State by Hon. John M. Forbes and Hon. Lincoln F. Brigham, Chief Justice of the superior court of Massachusetts. His academical education was attained in the public schools of Boston, after which his studies were in the line of his chosen profession, and were pursued in the law school of Harvard University and the office of the late Hon. John C. Park. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1854. In 1S48 he married Julia Elisabeth, daughter of Col. James and Julia (Sterry) Valentine, of Providence, R. L, and the grand-daughter of William and Elisabeth (Borden) Valentine, of Fall River. Her grandfather was one of the original pro- jectors of the extensive manufacturing en- terprises of that city. She died in 1872 leaving three daughters : Henrietta, Julia and Lillian. He continued in practice until the out- break of the war of the rebellion in 1861, which found him as captain of the Boston City Guard in the militia of the State, and his companv became the nucleus of the 13th regiment of Massachusetts volunteers. He left with his command for the front,, July 29, 1861. Captain Fox served in the perilous campaigns in Virginia during the remainder of that year and in 1862, receiv- ing the warm commendation of his superior officers, and the respect and love of the men of his command. He was early a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, and an active comrade of the G. A. R., and in his Memorial Day addresses on FOX. FOX. 2^1 several occasions, his oratorical abilities were conspicuously manifest, especially in one oration, entitled " The Two Civiliza- tions," which has been published, and another given upon the ever memorable field of C^ettysburg-. In 1864 and '65 he was the commander of the .\ncient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts, and was one of the delegation of that historic organiza- tion at the three hundred and fiftieth anni- versary of the parent corjis — the Honour- able Artillery Company of London — held in London during the jubilee period of Oueen Victoria, in 1887. JAMES A, FOX. Li civil life Mr. Fox has had a somewhat extended experience, having been a mem- ber of the school committee of Boston for three years, and a member of the Legisla- ture in both its branches — in the House of Representatives in 1867 and '68, and in the Senate in 1870 and '71. While in the last named branch he delivered a merited and eloquent eulogy upon the life and military services of Major-General George H. Thomas, then recently deceased. After his removal to the university-city of Cambridge, in 1872, he served for two years in the aldermanic board, and subse- quently as mayor for four consecutive terms. He is identified as an active officer or member with several of the prominent beneficiary orders of the country, such as the Indejiendent Order of Odd Fellows, Lnproved Order of Red Men, and the Knights of Pythias ; in the latter named body he has been grand chancellor of Massachusetts, supreme representative to the national branch, and judge-advocate- general of the uniform rank, upon the staff of Commander-in-chief Major-(ieneral Carnahan, of Indiana. In the world-wide institution of Free Masonry, he has attained the very highest grade. Commencing with the " blue lodge " he has advanced through all the series of degrees of York and Scottish rites — the chapter, cryptic masonry, the commandery (K. T.), the consistory, unto the sovereign grand inspector-generalship of the thirty-third and last degree, and in most of these he has served as the presid- ing ofificer. As a legislator, municipal chief-magis- trate, soldier, orator, or officer of fraternal beneficiary societies, he has ever discharged his varied duties with ability and faithful- ness. FOX, William Henry, son of Henry Hodges and Sarah Ann (Burt) Fox, was born in Taunton, Bristol county, August 29, 1837. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public schools of his native ]5lace, where he was prepared for col- lege. He was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1858. Choosing the pro- fession of law, and having pursued the letpiisite preparatory reading, he was ad- mitted to the bar in 1861. He at once entered active practice, and has remained in the same to the present time. In January, 1865, he was appointed jus- tice of the municipal court of Taunton. He was appointed justice of the first dis- trict court of Bristol in 1875, which posi- tion he still holds. Judge Fox was married in Taunton, October 6, 1864, to Anna M., daughter of James H. and Harriet M. (Yale) Anthony. Of this union were three children : William A ale, Marion and Francis Bird Fox. Wil- liam Yale Fox is a practicing physician in Taunton. Judge Fox has been mayor of the city of Taunton ; one of the trustees of the pub- lic library for seventeen years ; is vice- president of the Bristol County Sav- ings Bank ; member of the board of trustees of Wheaton Female Seminary, and is interested in, and an active mem- FRANCIS. FRENCH. ber of, various benevolent and literary so- cieties. Tlie four grandparents of Judge Fox could trace their ancestry back almost to the first settlement of this country : Thomas Fo.x, Cambridge, 1637 ; William Hodges, Boston, 1633 ; Kenelm Winslow, Plymouth, brother of Edward, 1629, and Richard Burt, one of the first settlers of Taunton in 1639. With this ancestry it is to be e.x- pected that Judge Fox would be the thor- ough American he is. His influence is always for the right, intelligent and good, and while conservative in judgment, he is prompt in decision, and acts as he decides. He po.ssesses the entire esteem and confi- dence of his fellow-citizens and profes- sional associates. FRANCIS, James BICHENO, was born in Oxfordshire, England, May 18, 1815. At the early age of fourteen he commenced his apprenticeship as a civil engineer, being engaged in dock construction in Wales, under Alexander Nimmo, chief engineer, and on the Grand Western Canal in Dev- onshire and -Somersetshire, under James (ireen, chief engineer. On these works he spent four j'ears, after which, in 1833, he came to this coun- try, obtaining emplovment at once as an assistant engineer on the Stonington R. R. under William Gibbs McNeil and George W. Whistler. In 1834 Mr. Francis went to Lowell with Mr. Whistler, in charge of the locks and canals on the Merrimack River. In 1837 Mr. Francis became chief engineer, and in 1845 he was appointed agent of the corporation. He retained both offices until 1884, when, after fifty years' service with the companv, he retired. He was subse- (]uently appointed their consulting engineer, an office he still holds. In 1855 Mr, Francis published his " Low- ell Hydraulic Experiments," being a selec- tion from experiments made by him in connection with the distribution of the water power at Lowell, and in 1865 a work on cast-iron pillars, which was suggested by the fall of the Pemberton Mill at Law- rence in i860, — a disaster attributable to the weakness of the pillars. In i88o-'8i he held the office of president of the .\merican . .Society of Civil Engineers, and he has contributed several papers to their trans- actions. Mr. Francis was married in Lowell, 1837, to Sarah W., daughter of George and Lydia W. (Sweet) Browned. Of this union are four children surviving : (ieorge E., James, Charles and Elizabeth, wife of Henry H. Bennett. FRENCH, JOB B., son of Enoch and ^ Sarah (Read) French, was born in Fall River, Bristol county, March 6, 1806. His education was limited to the com- mon schools of those days. His first con- nection in business was as a clerk in his father's store, in 1820, the first shoe store ever opened in the town. He entered as a partner with his father and tw-o brothers in 1827, managing a tannery, and manu- facturing boots, shoes and leather. In 1832 they divided their interest, the sub- ject of this sketch taking the store with his father. At the decease of his father, in 1847, he assumed the control of the business and continued it alone until 1864, when he took in his son as partner, under the firm name of J. B. French & Son. Mr. French was married in Fall River, in I S3 1, to .Abby .\llan, who was born in Newport. R. I., daughter of William S. N. and Mehitabel Allan. She died in 1870. In 1873 Mr. French was again married, to Mary B., daughter of Robert and Hope Cook ; she died in 18S2. His children are : Mary E., wife of D. H. Dyer (now de- ceased), James R. (now deceased), Edward A. (now deceased), .\bby M.. Julia W., Sarah J. (wife of William Lindsey, of Fall River)" Mr. French was representative to the General Court in 1836 and '41 ; was presi- dent of the Fall River Savings Bank some sixteen years, and trustee nearly half a cen- tury ; was a member of the common coun- cil several years, and has served on the board of assessors ; has been president of the Weetamoe Cotton ALanufacturing Com- pany from its commencement, 1870, to the present time. He has been a member of the First Baptist church since 1830. FRENCH, Jonas HarROD, son of William and Sarah (Baldwin) French, was born in Boston, November 4, 1829. He was educated in the Boston public schools, graduating from the English high school in 1845. He began his business career as a gro- cer. He afterwards became largely inter- ested in distilling ; to an otherwise varied and extensive business he has added the granite industry, managing a large inter- est as president of the Cape Ann Granite Company. Mr. French was married in Boston, in 1857, to Fanny E., daughter of Newell A, and Susan (Wyman) Thompson. Of this union are two children : Fanny T. and Henry G. French. In 1883 he married Nella J., daughter of \\'illiam and Lucinda Pearson of Boston. FRENCH. FRENCH. 233 Mr. French in 1S69 org;anized the Cape Ann (iranite Company, the quarries of which are located in Gloucester. He has furnished the granite for numerous public buildings and monuments — notably the Boston post-office and sub-treasury building, Baltimore post-office, the bases of the Scott monument, Washington, D. C, the spandel walls of the great Brooklyn bridge, and the new court-house in Boston. JONAS H FRENCH He was scarcely of age when he en- rolled himself in the City Cuards, the favorite Boston company of those days. He was elected captain of the company, holding the position three years. He served two years on the staff of Governor Gardner. In 1861 he was commander of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery of Boston, and is to-day one of the oldest living commanders of that time-honored corps. In 1853, '55 and '56 he was a mem- ber of the conmion council of the city of Boston. In November, 1861, at Camp Chase, Lowell, he raised the regiment known as "The Eastern Bay State," afterwards designated as the 30th Massachusetts. In January following he sailed in com- mand of that regiment for Ship Island, attached to General Benjamin ¥. Butler's e.xpedition against New Orleans. He was provost-marshal-general of Louisiana, and subsequently served under (ieneral N. P. Banks. Colonel French was a delegate to the national Democratic convention, at Cin- cinnati, in 1880, and at St. Louis in 1888, and was a member of the state Senate, 1879 and '80, doing brilliant work on lead- ing committees, and was chairman of the Democratic state central committee for three years. He was three years president of the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis R. R., and ten years a director in the New York & New England R. R. He has been a director in the \\'est End Land Company since 1887, and has been since 1873 a director of the Maverick National Bank, Boston. He is a prominent Mason, and one of the founders of St. Bernard En- campment, and Revere Lodge. FRENCH, William Wesley, son of ^Villiam B., and Mary Ann (Torrey) French, was born in Brockton, Plymouth county, January 10, 1849. Receiving his preparatory education in the grammar and high schools of Brockton, he entered Dartmouth College in 1867, and was graduated in the class of 1872. After graduation he taught school for a short time in Sandwich and in Kingsland, N. J., and choosing the profession of law, pursued his legal studies in the office of Knapp & Bowman, Boston. He was ad- mitted to the Suffolk bar in August, 1874, and immediately began the practice of his profession in Gloucester, where he has since resided. August I, 1878, at Gloucester, Mr. French was married to Lelia Fenno, daughter of Moses H. and Ellen M. (Low) Shaw. • Mr. French is a member of the Knights of Pythias, was secretary and chairman of the Republican city committee of (jlouces- ter, having held the position several years, and is a special justice of the police court, and president of Unity Club. In 1879 he was a memiier of the common council, city solicitor four years, i8So-'8i-'S2-'83, and in 1888 was elected mayor by the city coun- cil, and re-elected for 1889, without oppo- sition. Mr. French, in his last inaugural address, indicated a laudable purpose to have an administration characterized by economi- cal and judicious expenditure of money, a non-partisan and paternal oversight of schools, and a careful attention to the minor details of municipal government, which went far to confirm the judgment 234 FRIES. FROST. formed bj- liis fellow-citizens of the ability and integrity of their new chief executive officer. These indications have all been verified, and the city of (lloucester may well be congratulated at the result of its action at the polls. FRIES, WULF Christian Julius, son of Johan Carl Ludolph and Anna (Stuhr) Fries, was born in Garbeck-Holstein, Ger- many, January lo, 1825. He was educated in his father's school until he was eleven years of age, when he went to Ploen, in Holstein, to receive in- struction in music. His father being an amateur musician, had given him some instruction on the violoncello, and being so small he was obliged to stand and play it in the bass fashion. At Ploen he was tried at various instruments. He made himself useful in playing the French horn, violin, viola, bass, trombone, etc., when needed. From Ploen he went with his brother August to Bergen in Norway, where they were engaged by a Mr. Schloss- WULF C. J. FRIES, bauer, who, not treating them well, was obliged by law to release them. However, in Bergen they made friends, and were invited to play in the only theatre there, August playing the violin, and Wulf the 'cello. They gave con- certs and helped artists who came there to concertize, such as Ole Bull and Keller- man, the famous 'cellist. From hearing these two great artists, Wulf was decided as to his instrument, and became the world-renowned 'cellist he is. In 1847 both brothers came to America. Wulf chose Boston, and has made it his home, where he has delighted New England audi- ences, and done much to raise the stand- ard of orchestration. Mr. Fries was married in St. Paul's Episcopal church, Boston, July 7, 185 i, to Louisa Ann Mary, daughter of James P. Gann (London, Eng.), and Mary Miles Goldfinch Hickins ,{ Ryder) Gann (Lanca- shire, Eng.). Of this union were two children : James Christian Charles and Wulf (deceased). He was again married near the city of Bergen, Norway, Septem- ber 16, 1857, to Magdalene, daughter of Johan Fritzner and Henrietta (Neven) Greve, of Norway. Of this union are two children : Louisa Henriette and Anna Magdalene Fries. In Boston, Wulf Fries was at first 'cellist at the old National Theatre, but when his brother, the violinist, came to Boston and settled, one year later, the Mendelssohn Quintette Club was formed by Augu.st Fries, at the house of John Bigelow. This was in 1849. Previous to this, Wulf, being a fine trombone player, had joined the Germania, and was an original member of the Germania Serenade Band. He was also to be found in almost every good con- cert in Boston from that time, being a mem- ber of the old Musical Fund Society. He took part in all the Handel and Haydn concerts, the Harvard Musical Society, the Jubilees, etc. The Mendelssohn Quin- tette Club took the most of his time and gave him opportunities for the best cham- ber music, in which he always feels partic- ularly happy. After twenty-three years with the Men- delssohn Quintette Club, he tired of trav- eling, and the Beethoven Quintette Club was formed. This change kept him nearer home, and when Rubenstein came to Bos- ton, Mr. Fries was called upon to play in trios with him and the great Wieniawski. His residence is Roxbury. His church connections are with the Lutherans. FROST, Henry, son of Washington and Samantha (Lawrence) Frost, was born in (Iranby, P. Q., May 18, 1832. His education was obtained in the dis- trict schools and Derby Academy, Vermont. He came to Boston in 1852 ; entered the employ of Pierce, Clark & Reed, wholesale dry goods merchants : in 1854 he was ad- FROST. FROST. 235 mitted a partner of the firm of L. R. Hor- ton & Co., which took the name of Horton, Boon & Frost ; in 1857, Boon, Frosts Co., and in 1868 Henry Frost & Co. He is at present a large and prosperous silk manu- facturer, his firm representing the Eureka Silk Manufacturing Company, of which HENRY FROST. Mr. Frost is vice-president, and for whom Seavy, Foster & Bowman are selling agents. Of this latter firm Mr. Frost is also a partner. Mr. Frost was married in Boston, Sep- tember 4, i860, to Elizabeth Burrows, daughter of John and Ann (Burrows) Gil- bert. They have two children : Henry Gilbert ancl William Lawrence Frost. Mr. Frost has been a member of the Boston ward and city committee for ten years ; member of the Boston common council- 1886 and '87 ; member of the Legislature as representative 1888 and '89, serving on the committees on public chari- table institutions, cities and library. He has been a justice of the peace three terms ; was chairman of the building com- mittee of the Bo-Ston Young Men's Christian Association twelve years ; is a prominent member of the Boston Merchants' Club, Home Market Club, and Mercantile Associ- ation ; trustee of Home Savings Bank, and a number of other corporations. He has been a member of the Congre- gational denomination since 1853, antl is an honored member of the Congregational Club. Mr. Frost was a delegate to the World's Convention of the Young Men's Christian Association which met at Stockholm in 18S8. FROST, RUFUS Smith, .son of Joseph, Jr., ancl Lucy (Wheeler) Frost, was born in Marlborough, Cheshire county, N. H., July 18,1826. His father, a thrifty farmer, was a native of this town, as were three successive generations of the same fami- ly. The English ancestor, Elder Edmund Frost, came to this country in the sloop " Great Hope," during the autumn of 1635, from Ipswich, England, accompanied by his wife and son. He settled in Cambridge, where he became ruling elder of the First church, which was organized soon after his arrival. From this most excellent patriarch seven generations have lineally descended, Mr. Frost being in the seventh. On his mater- nal side he derives his origin from Thomas Wheeler, who was established in Town- send as early as 1640. His grandfather was David Wheeler, who married Rebecca Hoar of Concord, and was the first town clerk of Marlborough, N. H., in 1776. Mr. Frost, the eighth child of his parents, left his native town at the age of seven years, together with his widowed mother and family, and removed to Boston. There he attended the public schools, and supple- mented his public school education by a course of academic training in Newton. Thus fitted for a commercial career, he entered a wholesale dry -goods house in Boston. By vigor, aptitude, and ability displayed in this service, he rapidly rose to the highest position, and at the age of twenty-one was admitted to partnership in the firm which adopted the title of Osgood & Frost, and continued in business for sev- eral years. In 1866 the present firm of Rufus S. Frost & Co. was organized for the transaction of a general commission business in American goods. Mr. Frost soon became extensively engaged in the manufacture of woolens. The National Association of Woolen Manufacturers was founded November 20, 1864. Of that association Mr. Frost was president for seven years. He is also chairman of the executive committee. To the astonishingly rapid development of American manufacture during the last twenty years Mr. Frost has conspicuously and effectivelv contributed. His adminis- 236 FROST. frotiiix(;ham. trative ability has been recognized by his fellow-citizens, and he has been called repeatedly to positions of public honor and responsibility. He was mayor of Chelsea (his present residence) in 1867, and in '68 he received a practically unanimous re-election. In 1871 and '72 he was a member of the state Senate, serving on the committees on harbors and mercantile affairs, and was chairman of the same committees during the latter session. In 1873 and '74 he was a member of Governor Washburn's council. In 1874 he was elected to the 44th Congress from the RUFUS S FROST, 4th congressional district, and served with marked ability on the committee on rail- roads, and the committee on freedmen's affairs. Mr. Frost has long been actively con- nected witli numerous benevolent and religious societies, and the educational in- stitutions of the .State have found in him a liberal patron and a wise counselor. He remembered his native town by a generous gift in the shape of an elegant granite library building, furnished with two thou- sand volumes, the deed of the whole being presented to the citizens of Marlborough, N. H., August 26, 1867. To this was added also a fund of five thousand dollars, the interest annually accruing from which to be used for the purchase of additional books. In honor of the donor, it was named by the town the " Frost Free Library." Mr. Frost has been twice married. His first wife was Ellen M., daughter of Hon. Charles and Amelia (Ripley) Hubbard. His second marriage occurred in Corning, " N. Y., June 18, 1879, with Catherine Emily, daughter of Benjamin C. and Catherine (Matthews) Wickham. He has had si.K children : Charles Hubbard, Ellen Amelia, John Osgood (deceased), Emma Wheeler, Rufus Haskell, and Albert Plumb Frost. FROTHINGHAM, OCTAVIUS BROOKS, son of Nathaniel Langton and Ann (Brooks) Frothingham, was born in Boston, Novem- ber 26, 1822. His early educational training was re- ceived in private schools, where he learned all the rudiments the regular curriculum then demanded. He then attended the Boston Latin school, where he prepared for college, entering Harvard in 1839. He was graduated with honors in the class of 1843, being elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa .Society. After graduation he chose theology for his life work, and entered the Harvard divinity school, from which he was graduated in 1846, In 1847 he was called to the North church, Salem, where he remained until 1855. From Salem he went to Jersey City, where he remained four years, thence to New York City, remaining until 1879. Mr. Frothingham resigned the ministry on account of ill health, and traveled for some two years. Since his return he has given his attention to literary pursuits. Among his works are the lives of (ieorge Ripley (1882) and William H. Channing (1886). He has been a con- tributor to the "Atlantic," "Century," and " North American Review." Mr. Frothingham was married in Boston, in 1847, to Caroline Elizabeth, daughter of Caleb and Caroline Martha (Agry) Curtis. Of this union is one child: Eliza- beth Bowditch, born in 1850, wife of W. L. Parker, of Boston. Mr. Frothingham has been an active worker in various philanthropic societies ; was a strong anti-slavery man ; president of the Free Religious Association from 1867 to '78; and a member of the Mas- sachusetts Historical Society, etc. He was a disciple and personal friend of Theodore Parker, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Lloyd Oarrison, and Wendell Phillips. He has been a Rationalist, Trans- FRVE. FULLER cendentalist, a disciple of John Stuart Mill. and of Herbert Spencer. He is to-day an agnostic in his belief, and an enthusiast in such practical work as he deems will best serve the interests of society, of which he is no unimportant factor. FRYE, Newton Parker, son of Her- man and Eliza (Richardson) Frye, was born in Methuen, Esse.x county, October 26, 1845. He was educated in the public schools of Lawrence and Phillips Academy, An- dover. As a youth he worked on the farm, and at the age of seventeen entered the employ of Davis cS: Furber, machinists at North Andover, where he remained a number of years, during which time he not only successfully mastered the trade, but also found time to pursue his studies with a view of becoming a lawyer. He finall)' abandoned the machinist's trade ; studied law with Hon. Edgar Sherman, now justice of the superior court, and Hon. H. W. Harmon, and was admitted to the bar in 1877, and since then has been admitted as an attorney and counselor of the United States supreme court at Washing- ton, 1). C. MEWTON P. FRYE. He immediately began legal practice, and has since continued in the prosecution of a large and increasing business. He has been called to serve his town in all the town offices — assessor, overseer of the poor, selectman and town solicitor. He was a member of the House of Represent- atives in 1879, serving on the committee on insurance, of which he was clerk. In 1885 he was a member of the state Senate, serving on the committees on probate and chancery, bills in the third reading, and public service, being chairman of the two latter. Mr. Frye was married in North .\ndover, April 28, 1869, to H. Jennie, daughter of Benjamin F. and Hannah (Patch) Pingree. His second marriage occurred January 9, 1884, with Kate C, daughter of Jeremiah and Sarah (Moore) Field of North Andover. He has had no children. He is a regular attendant, and has been for many years a member, of the Congregational church in North An- dover, where he resides. He is president of the Merrimack Valley Congregational Club. In politics he is a Republican, and in many campaigns has taken an active part. He is also president of the Esse.\ Club. FULLER, Asa M. Blake, son of Asa and Hepzibah (Blake) Fuller, was born in Franklin, Norfolk county. May 17, 1813. Under great disadvantages he obtained his early education in the common district schools of those days. He is a descendant, in the si.xth generation, from Thomas Fuller, who was admitted to purchase land in 1 )ed- ham, November 25, 1642 ; also a descendant of Michael Metcalf (in the eighth genera- tion) who was admitted as a "freeman" in Dedham, July 14, 1637. In 1841 he commenced business, repair- ing watches and clocks, and has been engaged in this and the jewelry business to the present time. In 1852 he was com- missioned justice of the peace. He was also trial justice two terms. Mr. Fuller was married in Upton, May 25, 1847, to Nancy I)., daughter of Eph- raim and Polly (Stowe) Furbush. Of this union was one child : Charles Metcalf Fuller. His wife died December 21, 1854. He was again married, January 28, 1858, to Mrs. Mary A. Ingram, daughter of Mat- thew and Elizabeth Tarleton. Mr. Fuller held the offices of clerk, treasurer and collector in the town of Medway from 1857 to '68 inclusive ; was selectman one year, 1869. He has been one of the trustees of the Medway Savings Bank, and one of the vice-presidents since its organization. He is one of the corpo- rate members of the Third Congresrational 23S FULLER, FULLER. church HI Medway, and clerk of the same body. He has also served his town in many of the minor offices and associations, and has been an active worker in all the move- ments that have aimed at its growth and prosperity. FULLER, Henry Weld, the second son of Henry W. and Esther (Gould) Ful- ler, was born in Augusta, Kennebec county, Maine, January i6, 1810, and died in Bos- ton, August 14, 1889. His father was a leading lawyer and land-owner ^ of that place, and for many years judge of pro- bate for that county. His mother was a sister of Hannah F. Gould, the poetess, and of Mrs. Rapallo, the mother of the late Judge Rapallo, of the New York court of appeals. She was a daughter of the old revolutionary soldier, Captain Ben- jamin Gould, a personal friend of General Washington and General Lincoln. Mr. Fuller was the uncle of the present Chief Justice of the United States. His own father was a lineal descendant of the late Rev. Habijah Weld, described by Dr. Dwight in his book of travels in New England. Mr. F'uUer, when about ten years of age, attended the Kennebunk Academy, and was there a school-mate of Hon. Hugh McCulloch, late treasurer of the United States. Afterwards he was a private pupil of Dr. Enoch S. Tappan of Augusta. At the age of fourteen he entered Bowdoin College and graduated in 182S — his com- mencement part being the salutatory ora- tion. Three years later he received the degree of A. M., and in 1835 he delivered the annual oration of the Athenian Society, at commencement. During a part of his college life, Henry W. Longfellow, Nathan- iel Hawthorne, Dr. Ephraim Peabody, S. S. Prentiss, John P. Hale, and others since distinguished, were among the collegians. After leaving school he began reading law with his father, and then attended the law school at Cambridge, under Judge Story and Professor Ashmun, whose warm friendship and favor he enjoyed while they lived. Soon after leaving Cambridge he went to Florida, bv advice of his phvsician, and spent several months in that locality greatly to his benefit. On his return to .\ugusta he was admitted to the Kennebec bar and became a partner with his father. This relation continued for ten years and until his father's death. In the fall of 1841 he removed to Boston and formed a law partnership with Elias Hasket Derbv, which continued for thir- teen years, during which time Derby & Fuller were engaged in many important cases, especially as counsel for various railroad corporations. Subsequently he was appointed clerk of the circuit court of the United States for the district of Massachusetts, and for eleven years filled the place most satis- factorily. Then, resigning that office, he devoted himself to other lines of activity, and acted as treasurer and trustee of sev- eral corporations and estates. Being always fond of horticulture and rural scenery, he converted a farm which he owned in Everett, a few miles from the city of Boston, into the beautiful cemetery of " Woodlawn," which for more than five and thirty years was to him a constant object of interest and care, and which he managed as its treasurer and principal designer. Other corporations and associations also shared his interest and influence. He was long an active member of the Massachu- setts Horticultural Society and was a vice- president thereof, and one of its e.xecutive committee. He was also a member of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, and of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, and was greatly interested in the Society of Arts, and for a long time was chairman of its e.xecutive committee, having been one of the projectors and a charter member of the Institute of Technology, and one of the original trustees of that corporation. His name was also placed by Griswold among the poets of Maine. He married, November 10, 1835, Mary Storer, daughter of Nathaniel Goddard, a prominent East India merchant of Bos- ton ; her mother, Lucretia Dana, being an adopted daughter of Colonel May, of the old " Boston tea-party," as reputed. Of this union w-ere five children, two sons and three daughters, of whom the daugh- ters only are now living : Mary Goddard Fuller, ]\Irs. Henrietta (Joddard Dorr, and Caroline Weld Fuller. The oldest son, Nathaniel Goddard Fuller, and his wife and five children — passengers on board the ship "Radiant," in 1876 — were all lost in a cyclone. The second son, Henry Weld Fuller, graduated at Harvard College in 1859, and died in 1863, after a long ill- ness caused by a fall. Mr. Fuller, during the course of the late war, was an active Union man. He de- voted time, money and energy to the raising of volunteers, and for months con- tinued to address the people, particularly FULLER FULLER. ^39 in Roxbury and its neigiiborliood, impress- ing tliem with the importance and neces- sity of immediate and decided action. Socially, Mr. Fuller was a delightful man, his sympathies were warm and ten- der, his manners refined and genial, and his conversation was full of intelligence and animation. His home life was espec- ially attractive to him, and the tributes of respect and affection which were inspired by his death, showed the deep hold which he had upon the hearts of all who were favored with his friendship. FULLER, LORIN L., son of David C. and Maria (Lovejoy) Fuller, was born in Readfield, Kennebec county. Me., January 25, 1820. He obtained his early education in the public schools of his native state. He commenced a busine.ss career on his own account as carpenter, in Boston, 1843. LORIN L. FULLER. He resided for a number of years in Melrose, but moved to Maiden in i860, where he has resided for twenty-nine years. His reputation for integrity and ability in commercial circles for forty-five years, as a real-estate dealer and builder in Bos- ton, has been acknowledged by all who know him. He served his city as alder- man during the first vear of the organiza- tion of the cit}' government, and was mayor of the city 1884 and '85. For ten years he was a member of the water board ; has been a member of the Industrial Aid Society, from its organiza- tion to the present time, and is an active member of the Maiden Improvement Asso- ciation. He was chairman of the com- mittee for the adjustment and dividing of the township property, at the time of the separation of Everett from Maiden, in which his able and satisfactory negotiation gained for him the respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens. He now represents his ward in the higher branch of the city council. In politics he is a conservative Democrat. Mr. Fuller was married in Sebec, Me., November 8,1852, to Lucy P., daughter of John and Lydia (Brown) Lovejoy. Of this union are four children : Henry L., M. Louise, Everett L., and L. Alma Ful- ler. Mrs. Fuller died April 11, 1886. At Maiden, June 20, 1889, Mr. Fuller again married Mrs. Annie McHornsby, daughter of Thomas and Lydia Stewart. FULLER, Luther F., son of Alden and Sarah ( Faulkner) Fuller, was born in Acton, Middlesex county, January 3, 1827. He received his education in the com- mon schools of Acton, Roxbury and Wor- cester. April 8, 1844, he began commercial life as clerk in a general merchandise store at ^Vest Cambridge, with Fowle, Prescott & Proctor. In 1846 he changed to West Acton in the same line of business. Two years later he entered the employ of C. & E, Hunt, South Sudbury. In 1854 he went to Saxonville in charge of a branch store for the same house, and soon took an interest in the business, under the firm name of Hunt & Fuller. At the breaking out of the civil war his partners sold their interest to Joseph Wilde, and the firm title became Fuller & Wilde. Three years later he bought Wilde's interest and has since been sole proprietor. August 21, 1885, Mr. Fuller was placed in charge of the F"ramingham Savings Bank by the savings bank commissioners. He is the present treasurer. Mr. Fuller was married in South Sud- bury, January 3, 1855, to Henrietta M., daughter of Luther and Elizabeth Hunt. Of this union were two children (deceased, 1877). Mrs. Fuller died in 1882. Mr. Fuller's second marriage occurred March 28, 1888, with Mrs. Laura A. Holman, widow of George H. Holman, M. D., Sax- onville. 240 FULLER. GALLISON. Mr. Fuller is trustee of the Framingham Town Library, and of the Edgell Urove Cemetery ; treasurer of the Framingham Electric Company, and director of the Framingham Union Street Railway. He is on the board of management of the Framingham Home for Aged Men and Women, and also one of the deacons of the Edwards Congregational church. His residence is in Saxonville. Mr. Fuller represented his district in the House of Representatives in 1881, serving upon the committee on mercantile affairs. FULLER, ROBERT OLIVER, son of Oliver and Sarah (Richardson) Fuller, was born in Cambridge, Middlese.x county, Sep- tember 12, 1829. He was educated in the public schools. He began his commercial career in the iron business in 1855, under the firm name of Gay, Manson & Co., changed in 1857 to Robert O. Fuller, then Fuller & Dana in i860, and in 1866 to Fuller, Dana & Fitz, which is the present title of this large and successful house. Mr. Fuller's varied attainments have constantly been called upon by those de- sirous of obtaining the active co-operation of a man of character and social standing. and the few positions of public honor and trust he has consented to fill could be in- creased many-fold were not his time and energies occupied with the details of his private business. Mr. Fuller is a trustee of Worcester Academy, Colby University, and Newton Theological Institution. He was one of the founders of the Boston Baptist Social Union, and its president in 1874 ; president of the Boston Baptist Bethel ; has been president of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and a member of the executive committee of the .\merican Bap- tist Missionar)' Union. He was a member of the Cambridge common council in 1861— '62, but has uniformly declined all other city offices. He was a member of the House of Repre- sentatives, 1871 ; in i872-'73 a member of the state Senate, and in 1889 a member of the executive council of Governor Ames, from Cambridge, where he now resides. Mr. Fuller was married in Cavendish, Vt., May 31, 1855, to Sarah P., daughter of Joseph and Emma (Baldwin) Parker. Of this union were seven children ; Mary F., Robert O., Alfred C, Grace, Annie, Charles Sumner and Helen Fuller. GALLAGHER, William, son of Wil- liam and Emily (Collins) Gallagher, was born in Boston, June 6, 1849. He received his early educational train- ing in the Hawes and Bigelow grammar schools and the public Latin school. Having prepared for college, he entered Harvard in 1865 and was graduated in the class of 1869. He subsequently pursued his studies in the Chicago Theological Seminary, from which he was graduateil in 1874. He was engaged in teaching in Philadel- phia from i86g to '71 ; was called to preach in Illinois in 1874, where he remained until 1877 ; was master in the Boston Latin school, 1877 to '85 ; master in the girls' Latin school, Boston, 1885 to '86, and was then elected principal of Williston Sem- inary, Easthampton, where he still remains. He received the degree of Ph. D. from Amherst in 1889. Mr. Gallagher was married in Chicago, 111., October 21, 1874, to Frances Harriet, daughter of Carleton Graves and Harriet (Pettibone) McCuUoch. Of this union are five children : Oscar Charles, Isabel Carle- ton, .\gnes Ella, William \Vithington, and RoUin McCuUoch Gallagher. GALLISON, Jefferson Gushing, son of John M. and Sarah A. Gallison, was liorn in Sebec, Piscataquis county, Maine, August 8, 1841. Flis education was received in the com- mon schools of his native place, Wood- stock high school, and Oxford Normal Institute. He was three years private pupil of Dr. J. H. Kimball, late surgeon of the 14th regiment Maine volunteers, Bridg- ton, Maine. He attended lectures a por- tion of two terms at Harvard medical school, was graduated from Boston Uni- versity, class of '75, and from the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, Boston, 1888. He was a year m the ofiice of the " Nor- way Advertiser," and served an apprentice- ship as apothecary in Norway, Maine, pre- vious to his beginning his professional studies with Dr. Kimball. He first located in Medway, Mass., 1875, where he remained three years ; removed to Brookline, 1878, thence to Franklin, where he has since resided. GALVIN. GAMWELL. -41 Dr. Gallison was married in I'ortland, Me., January 2, 1864, to KUen S., daughter of Isaiah M. and Abigail S. Burnell. They have one child, Annie Louise Gallison, bom October 28, 1871. Dr. Gallison has been a member of the town committee five years, was president of the Alumni Association of Boston Uni- versity one year, instructor in surgery in the same university three years, president of the Phi Sigma Society, College of Physicians and Surgeons, one year, and is now demonstrator of anatomy and in- structor in surgery in the latter college. He is surgeon to the New York & New J GUSHING GALLISON. England Railroad, is a director of the Franklin National and the Benjamin Franklin Savings banks, and also of the Milford, Franklin & Providence Railroad. Dr. Gallison has successfully surmounted all the difficulties incident to a lack of means during his preparatory course, and by his own unaided efforts has worked his way up to an honorable position in profes- sional life. GALVIN, Owen A., son of Patrick and Mary (Hughes) Galvin, was born in Boston, June 21, 1852. After attending the public schools of Boston, he studied law in the Boston Uni- versity, and in the office of C. F. Donnelly. He was admitted to the bar February 29, 1876, and began the practice of the law in Boston in 1881. Mr. Galvin was married at Boston, July 3, 1879, to Jennie T., daughter of Timothy K. and Ellen (OT)riscoll) Sullivan. Their children are : Stephen P., Augustus H., and Frederick S. Galvin. He was a member of the Democratic city committee in 1879, '80, '81 and '82 — serving as vice-president the two latter years. He was a member of the House of Representatives in 1881, serving upon the committees on education and constitutional amendments. In 1882, '83, and '84 he was elected to the Senate, and received the entire vote of the Democratic members for president of that body. He served upon the important committees of the liquor law, labor, education, judiciary, and elec- tion laws. He also served upon a special committee to visit penal and charitable institutions, and on the report of this com- mittee, the reformatory prison at Concord and the homoeopathic hospital for the in- sane were established. He was appointed assistant LTnited States district attorney by Hon. George M. Stearns, in July, 1886, and upon Mr. Stearns's resignation in September, 1887, was appointed L^nited States attorney, the appointment, made tluring recess, being afterwards confirmed by the Senate. Mr. Galvin has conducted the affairs of his office with marked ability and success. GAMWELL, Harlow, son of Morgan and Julia (Spring) (lamwell, was born in Washington, Berkshire county, October 30, 1833. He received his early educational train- ing in the public schools and Hinsdale Academy. He chose the medical profes- sion, and after a course of preparatory study he entered the Berkshire Medical College, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1858. In 1859 he began practice in Lee ; re- moved to Huntington in i860 ; was made assistant-surgeon of the 2d Massachusetts cavalry, 1863 ; promoted to surgeon of the 5th Massachusetts cavalry, May, 1864; removed to Westfield in 1873, where he is still in eminently successful practice of medicine and surgery. Dr. Gamwell was married in Hunting- ton, November 24, 1859, to Alice, daugh- ter of (jilbert and Caroline (Kelsoe) Lewis. Of this union were two children : Ida Alice (deceased) and Alice Lewis Gam- well. His second marriage was with Sarah A., daughter of Thaddeus K. De Wolfe, 242 GANNETT. GANNETT. M. D., of Chester, and Correlia (Benham) De Wolfe. Of this union were three chil- dren, two of whom are living : Correlia De Wolfe and Grace De Wolfe Gamwell. While Dr. Gamwell's advantages for early educational training were somewhat limited, he made good use of what was within reach, and has been through life a willing and industrious student, and a prac- tical worker in medical and surgical re- search, until he has attained to eminence in his profession. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society ; has been president of the Hampden Medical Society two years ; was pension examiner during President Cleveland's administration ; is medical director of the Bay State Beneficiary Asso- ciation, at Westfield ; member of the school board, serving the second term of three years. The grandfather of Dr. Gamwell came from northe.rn Ireland a few years previ- ous to the war of the revolution ; entered the army and served through the war ; was one of the sturdy settlers of New England ; and was the father of sixteen children, several of whom are living. Dr. Cramwell is one of a family of nine, of whom all but two are living. GANNETT, GEORGE, son of Luther and Olive (Washburn) (iannett, was born in East Bridgewater, Plymouth county, October 29, i8ig. He prepared for college at Belfast, Me., to which place his parents had removed in 1820. He graduated at Bowdoin Col- lege in 1842, and later received the degree of .A.. M. from his abna mater, and was also elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa. Immediately after leaving college, he became principal of Strafford .\cademy, Strafford, N. H., and continued in his work here for two years. On leaving, he re- ceived the highest testimonials from the trustees, in view of his eminently success- ful administration, having secured the es- teem and affection of the students of both se.\es. Three years later, in 1847, he graduated at the theological seminary, Bangor, Me. Soon after, he was settled over the Congre- gational church at Boothbay Harbor, Me., where he remained three years, enjoying a pastorate full of comfort and delights. On account of serious ill health, however, he was compelled to resign, much to the re- gret of the people with whom he had la- bored, and by whom he was so well be- loved. In 1850 he opened a private school for young ladies in West Cambridge — now .Arlington. In 1857 he removed to Boston, and in the course of a year established a similar school, which has been conducted and become widely known under the name of Gannett Institute. .\ pioneer in the cause of higher education, it entered upon collegiate work before any of the colleges for women were opened. Dr. GEORGE GANNETT. Gannett has had under his tuition sev- eral thousand who have been educated wholly or in part by him ; and the school still maintains its high rank, and is re- ceiving patronage from all parts of the country. In 1 87 I he made an extended European tour for the purpose of visiting the great art centres of the continent, having been one of the earliest of New England educa- tors to introduce into the curriculum the study of history, literature and philosophy of art. Dr. Gannett's deep interest in this subject is evinced by the fact that his choice library of several thousand volumes includes a large and rare collection of val- uable art books. In 1864 he was chosen one of the exam- ining committee at Harvard College, and discharged the duties of this office for seven vears. GARDNER. GARGAN. 243 In 1SS7 he received the degree of D. D. from Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vt. During all these years Dr. Ciannett has been a constant and earnest student in many lines ; has been the author of a con- siderable number of educational and other articles for papers and magazines, besides essays and lectures on literature, art, phil- osophy, etc. In 1S47 Dr. Gannett married Mary Jane Shaw of Wolfborough, N. H., who died in 1876. In 1877 he married Georgiana, daughter of Shubael P. and Hannah A. Butterworth, of Warren, Mass. GARDNER, CHARLES L.,,son of Elisha and P>lvira (Sprague) Gardner, was born in Cummington, Hampshire county, May 27, His early education was received in the public schools and at the academy in Ash- field. He chose the profession of law, studied with the late Judge S. T. Spauld- ing at Northampton, and having been admitted to the bar, began practice with the late James G. Allen at Palmer, in 1867, under the firm name of Allen & Gardner. He remained with Mr. Allen until 1870, when the firm was dissolved, and he has since practiced alone in Palmer, his present residence. Mr. Gardner was married May 19, 1S69, to Esther E. Gilmore of Monson, daugh- ter of Nathaniel and Charlotte A. Gilmore, and has two children : Charles Gilmore and Edwin Sprague Gardner. Mr. Gardner was at one time assistant internal revenue assessor ; in 1875 and '76 he was a representative to the General Court ; a state Senator in 1878 and '79, serving on the judiciary committee each year ; a member of the Republican state central committee two years, serving on the executive committee ; and is at present a member of the board of trustees of the state primary and reform schools. He is president of the Palmer Savings Banlc, which position he has held for several years. GARDNER, HENRY JOSEPH, son of Henry and Clarissa (Holbrook) Gardner, was born in Boston, June 14, 1819. His father was born in the Old Province House, Boston, and his mother was a native of Milton. Mr. Gardner's early educational training was received in private schools, Boston, and in Phillips .Academy, Exeter, N. H., he having been graduated from the latter institution in 1831. He was graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me., in the class of 18^8. He began his commercial life as a dry- goods merchant in the firm of Denny, Rice & Gardner, remaining in this business for many years; afterwards changing to Read, (iardner & Co., Gardner, Dexter & Co., and Henry J. Gardner & Co. He retired from the dry-goods business in 1876, and is now actively engaged in the life-insurance business as resident agent in Boston of the Massachusetts Life Insurance Company. He was a member of the Boston com- mon council, 1850, '51, '52 and '53, and in '52 and 'S3 was president of that body. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives, 185 1 and '52, and mem- ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1853- He was governor of the Commonwealth in 1855, '56 and '57, being elected as the representative of the American party. In Boston, November 2, 1844, Mr. Gard- ner was married to Helen PI, daughter of Richard and Elizabeth (Wood) Cobb, of Portland, Me. Elizabeth Wood was a native of Wiscasset, Me. Of this union were seven children : Henry (J., Frederic W., Herbert, Helen C, Elizabeth, Clifford and Maud Gardner. Mr. Gardner received the degree of LL. D. from Harvard University. During his administration as chief magis- trate of the Commonwealth, much healthy and long needed legislation was accom- plished, and many laws enacted which time and experience prove were founded on right and reason, and which remain on the statute-books to-day — notably the home- stead act, the alien pauper act, an act to regulate the appropriation of school money, an act regulating the membership of the General Court, and acts relating to the curtailment of the powers of the governor, reform in special election laws, and the " reading and writing " clause in the naturalization laws. Mr. Gardner was always alive to the fact that many acts are passed during hasty legislation, when great majorities are the result of some great issue, and never hesi- tated to use his veto power when he con- sidered it for the best good of the Com- monwealth. GARGAN, THOMAS J., son of Patrick and Rose Gargan, was born in Boston, October 27, 1844. His education was received at the public schools and through private instruction in literature and classics by the Rev. Peter Krose, S. J., by whom he was fitted for the Boston University law school, where he was graduated 1873, receiving the degree of 244 GARGAN. GASTON. LL. B. He read law in the office of Hon. Henry W. Paine. His first business connection was in the dry-goods store of Wilkinson, Stetson & Co., Boston, agents for A. & W. Sprague, and the house of Hoyt, Sprague & Co., having charge of the Boston house when twenty years of age. In 1863 he responded to the call of the government for troops, and was mustered into the United States service, commis- sioned 2d lieutenant, receiving at the expiration of his service an honorable dis- charge. His present occupation is that of coun- selor-at-law in Boston. In 1868, '70 and '76 he was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature, a member of the board of overseers of the poor in 1S75, chairman of the board of license commissioners in i877-'78, and a member of the board of police in 1880-81. At Boston in September, 1868, Mr. Gar- gan was married to Catherine L., daughter of Lawrence and Catherine McGrath. THOMAS J, GARGAN. Mr. Gargan was president of the Chari- table Irish Society in 1873 and '74. He delivered the Fourth of July oration in Boston, in 1885, and also the oration at the centennial of the Charitable Irish Society of Halifa.x, N. S., in 1886. Mr. Gargan takes an active interest in politics and tariff reform, and has already made for himself an honorable record. His methods are in agreeable contrast to many prevalent in strictly party work, and his intelligent and eloquent advocacy of the vital questions of the hour betoken for him a brilliant future on a plane even higher than that on which he has already acquired so enviable a reputation. GASKILL, Francis Almon, son of Albert and Anna (Comstock) Gaskill, was born in Blackstone, Worcester county, January 3, 1846. His early education was obtained in the common schools of his native town, and his preparation for college was completed in the ^^'oonsocket high school. He was graduated from Brown University, R. I., in the class of 1866. He read law in the office of Hon. George F. Verry of Worces- ter, finished his preliminar}' law studies in the Harvard law school, and was admitted to the bar in Worcester, March 3, 1869. He remained with Mr. Verry in the prac- tice of law until the death of the latter in 1883, since which time he has continued the business on his own account. Mr. Gaskill was married in Providence, R. I., October 20, 1869, to Katharine M., daughter of Anthony and Ann (Dean) Whitaker. She died January 25, 1889, leaving two children : Alary M. and George A. Gaskill. Mr. Cfaskill was a member of the Wor- cester common council, i875-'76, and has been district attorney of the Massachusetts middle district from 1887 to the present time. He was director of the Worcester free public library, 1878 to '84, and from 1886 to '89, in which latter year he was president of the board. He has been trus- tee of the Worcester Academy from 1876 to date, and of Brown University since 1888 ;' director of the Worcester Natural History Society since 1882, and trustee of the People's Savings Bank, Worcester, since 18S4, and director of the State Mutual Life Assurance Co. since Januar)', 1889. GASTON, WILLIAM, son of Alexander and Kezia (.Arnold) Gaston, was born at Killingly, Windham county. Conn., October 3, 1820. Springing from an ancestry combining the characteristics of the French Hugue- nots and the Scotch Presbyterian on his father's side, and the early Pilgrim settler on that of his mother, it is not surprising to find in Mr. Gaston a strong man. His father was a well-known merchant of Con- GASTON. GATES. 245 necticut, of sterling' integrity, and of re- markable force of character. He was a pupil at the Brooklyn Acade- my, in Brooklyn, Conn., and later at Plain- field Academy, Piainfield, Conn., graduat- ing at Brown University, Providence, R. I., in the class of 1840, with honors. For his life work he decided upon the legal profes- sion, first entering the office of Francis Mil- liard of Roxbury, and afterwards complet- ing his studies with the distinguished jurists, Charles P. and Benjamin R. Curtis of Boston, with whom he remained until his admission to the Norfolk bar in 1844. WILLIAM GASTON. He first practiced law in Roxbury, in 1846, continuing there until 1865, when he removed his office to Boston and formed a partnership with the Hon. Harve}' lewell and Hon. Walbridge A. Field, under the firm name of Jewell, Gaston &: Field. In 1875 he dissolved connection with this firm, and after carrying on the law business for a time alone, formed a partnership, in October, T879, with C. L. B. Whitney, un- der the firm name of Gaston & Whitney. Mr. Gaston's son was added to the firm in 1883, the firm name remaining unchanged. Mr. Gaston was married on May 27, 1852, at Roxbury, to Louisa A., daughter of Laban S. and Frances A. (Lines) Beecher ■of Roxbury, both, natives of Xew Haven, Conn., and descendants of the first settlers of the New Haven (Conn.) colony. They have had three children : Sarah Howard, William Alexander and Theodore Beecher Gaston, the latter dying in 1869. Mr. Gaston has seen not a little of pub- lic life. For two years, i86i-'62, he was mayor of the city of Roxbury, before its incorporation with the city of Boston. In 1871 and '72 he had the honor to serve as the chief magistrate of their united for- tunes, Boston having absorbed its younger neighbor in 1867. In 1874 Mr. Gaston was the Democratic nominee for governor, and was elected by a majority of 7,033 over Thomas Talbot, the candidate of the Republican party. His administration was pre-eminently wise and acceptable. l"h^ position he occupied was a somewhat novel one, as the two houses of the Legislature were of a different political faith from the chief executive, and the State had not had a Democratic governor for many yearri previous. The scrutiny directed to him and his acts was critical and most trying. His success, however, in bringing his ad- ministration to a happy and honorable termination was abundant proof of the inherent ability and patriotic instincts of the man. He is a member of the Laiion, Central, -\lgonquin and St. Botolph clubs of the city of Boston. Mr. Gaston enjoys an honorable and lucrative practice in his chosen profession, and has long held, in the opinion of those competent to judge, an enviable place in the front rank of that remarkable array of talent which constitutes the bar in this State. A thorough and conscientious worker, an eloquent advocate, a man of unblemished integrity and of modest mien, he easily stands as one of Massachusetts' best known and highly respected representative men. GATES, Samuel Pearly, son of Pearly and Mary (Burr) Gates, was born in Ashby, Middlesex county, June 8, 1837. He was educated in the district schools and academy of Ashby, and Bridgewater state normal school. At twenty years of age he entered the office of Bates, Hyde iS; Co. (now Eagle Cotton Gin Co.). In April, 1863, he enlisted in the regular army, U. S., and served one year at the war department, Washington, D. C. In 1864 he returned to Bates, Hyde &: Co., and has remained with them to date. In 1 87 7 this concern was incorporated, and Mr. Gates appointed treasurer of the com- pany, which office he still holds. He is 246 GAUGENGIGL. GERRV. now tlie largest stockholder in the corpo- ration. He has also been treasurer of Bridgewater Savings Bank since its incor- poration in 1872. Mr. Gates was married in Plymouth, October 26, 187 1, to Marcia E., daughter SAMUEL P. GATES of Jacob and Joan (Holmes) Jackson, who died January 20, 1873. Of this union was one child, who died in infancy. Mr. Gates holds his church connections with the Swedenborgian society, of which he is a prominent member, and holds vari- ous offices. In addition to the labors incident to the positions named, Mr. Gates has ever been foremost in any public enterprise promis- ing to benefit his fellow-citizens, and is in Bridgewater pre-eminently the man called to act as treasurer for various societies, or trustee in the settlement of estates. GAUGENGIGL, Ignaz Marcel Mi- chael Martin Josef, son of Ignaz Mar- cel Gaugengigl and Barbara Y. Minuzy (Hauser) Gaugengigl, was born in Passau, Bavaria, January 16, 1855. His early education was received in Munich, he having passed through the gymnasium, university, and the academy of fine arts. His tastes led him into the realm of art, and he became an artist in its full sense, imbued with the spirit of artistic combinations, whether in color or form. His knowledge of the different stages in the development and growth of artistic taste gives him his accuracy in avoiding anachronisms in art, and makes him a recognized authority in social circles requiring the exercise of his peculiar talent. Herr Gaugengigl came to this country and city in 1879, thinking to remain only a few months, but so pleased was he with the country, that, after staying two years, he went back to Europe and made arrange- ments for settling in America. He then returned, and has ever since made lioston his home. GERRY, Charles Frederick, son of Charles and Orisa Gerry, was born in Sud- bury, Middlesex county, June 3, 1823. He received his early education in the district schools of Sudbury, which he attended during the winter sessions, up to the age of sixteen. He then received instruction for two terms from the Rev. E. O. Haven, of Framingham (afterwards Bishop Haven), (ine term at the Framingham Academy, three terms at the Wayland Academy, one at the Pinkerton Academy, Derry, N. H., and three terms at the New Hampshire Conference Seminary, Tilton, N. H. He entered Wesleyan University, Mid- dletown, Conn., in 1847, and graduated in 1 85 1. Previous to graduating he taught district schools during the winter months- for six consecutive j'ears, and after gradu- ating, taught several years in the Boston Mercantile Academy and elsewhere — the last term being in the Fort Hill school, Bos- ton, associated with the late Sheriff Kimball as master, and William T. Adams (Oliver Optic) as sub-master. After leaving college Mr. Gerry was for several years in the lecture field. He afterward went into life insurance, and also engaged in literary pur- suits, to both of which occupations he still devotes his time. He was a member of the school board in the town of Dorchester before its an- nexation to Boston ; chairman of the school board of Sudbury, chairman of the board of selectmen in the same town for one year ; representative to the Legisla- ture from Hyde Park in 1877, and from Sudbury in 1880; elected senator from the 5th Middlesex senatorial district in 1882, and re-elected in 1883. He was jus- tice of the peace for some years ; presi- dent of the Hyde Park Savings Bank for about six years, resigning when he changed his residence to Sudbury. He was master of Hyde Park Masonic Lodge two years. GIBBONS. GIFFORD. 247 aiul has been an honorary member of tlie same since 1887. Mr. (ierry is the author of a book of poems, entitled " lV[eado\v Melodies," a work which has received very high com- mendation from the press. He was married at Sanbornton Bridge (now Tilton), N. H., June 5, 1852, to Miss Martha A. Clough, a lady who a few months after graduating at the New Hampshire Female College, won a prize of five hundred dollars offered by a Bos- ton publisher. She was afterwards for sev- eral years editress of the " Boston Olive Branch." They have fourchildren : Charles C, Eleanor M., Frank F., and Gilbert H. GIBBONS, JOHN M., son of Carlos and Almira (Tinker) Oibbons, was born in Granville, Hampden county, November 15, 1883. His early education was limited to the country district school. He began business life for himself in 185 1 as a merchant, and has continued in the same line up to date. He has been thirty-eight years in busi- ness. He has been town clerk, and treas- urer for sixteen years, still holding the latter office ; was assistant-postmaster fif- teen years at East Granville and Granville Corners, and postmaster, from the estab- lishing of the Granville post-office to the present time. He was a member of the House of Representatives from the iith Representative district of Hampden county, in 1876. Mr. Gibbons was married in Granville, February 25, 1854, to Morand M., daugh- ter of Solomon and Nancy (Godard) Gains. Of this union were seven children : El- bert S., Clarabell E. (deceased), Edwin M., Myra D., Fred X., William C, and Benjamin F. Gibbons. GIDDINGS, THEODORE, third son of Augustine and Olive (Lydia) Giddings, was born in Great Barrington, Berkshire county, December 5, 1837, and was edu- cated in the public schools and at the academy of his native town. After teaching for several years in the state of New Jerse\' and in New York City, he studied medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in that city, grad- uating in 1868, and immediately entered upon the practice of his profession at Housatonic. He is a member of the Berkshire District Medical Society, of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association. In 1886 he was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature, serving upon the committee on jniblic health, as House chairman. In 1888 he was again elected to the Legislature, being a.ssigned to the committee on drainage. Dr. Giddings is a man well known in Berkshire county, active, energetic and affable — a successful physician, and a man of high character. His residence is Great Barrington. GIFFORD, Benjamin Dods, son of Simeon S. and Marinda A. (Dods) Gifford, (daughter of Rev. John Bovee Dods), was born in Provincetown, Barnstable county, Nov. 19, 1 84 1. He obtained his education in the public schools, Westbrook Seminary, Maine, and liagleswood school, Perth Amboy, N. J. He entered Antioch College in i860, and was graduated from Madison Universit)', N. Y., in the class of 1864 ; took the de- gree of doctor of medicine from Albany Medical College in December, 1866, and A. M., in 1867 ; had charge of Union Academy, Belleville, N. Y., one year after completing his college course. He practiced medicine in Fond du Lac, Wis., and in Gloucester, Mass., till Febru- ary, 187 1, when he located in Chatham, where he has since resided. Dr. Gifford was married in Oswego, N. Y., December 31, 1863, to Mary E. Smith, of Ballston Spa, N. Y., daughter of William P. and Lydia P. (Dennis) Smith. Of this union are two children : Marinda B. and Romenia D. Gifford. Dr. Gifford has been president of the Barnstable District Medical Society, was editor of the " Chatham Monitor" from its foundation till 1874 ; was deputy-collector of customs under the Hayes and Arthur administrations ; and was appointed post- master of Chatham in 1889. Dr. Gifford was private secretary and cashier for Col. J. C. Yan Duzer from July, 1865, to August, 1866, headquarters of the U. S. military telegraph lines at Nashville, Tenn. He is a prominent Ma.son, and estab- lished St. Martin's Lodge, A. F. & A. M.. in Chatham, of which he has been five times elected master. He has been connected with the editorial department of the " Barnstable Patriot " for many years. GIFFORD, Orrin Phillip, .son of Phillip R. and Parthenia (Perkins) Gilford, was born in Montague, Franklin county, April 15, 1847. He obtained his early educational train- ing in the jjublic antl private schools, and 248 GIFFOKD. GILLETT. in Franklin Academy, Shelburne Falls. He finished his preparatory course in the Con- necticut Literary Institute, and entered Brown University, from which he was graduated in the class of 1874. Feeling that he had been called to a life labor in the church, he entered the theo- logical seminary at Rochester, N. Y., and was graduated in the class of 1877. Previous to his professional training, he was engaged with the Lamson & Goodnow Manufacturing Company, Shelburne Falls, and subsequently in their ware-rooms in New York City. He was ordained in 1S77, at Pittsfield, Mass., and was called to the Baptist church at Pittsfield. He was installed as pastor of the Warren Avenue Baptist church, Boston, March, 1879, where he is still settled. His labors ORRIN P. GIFFORD. in this society have been blessed, and he retains the love and confidence of his peo- ple, as well as the respect of his brethren in the ministry. He is alive to every move- ment of reform promising benefits, and in particular has been aggressively active in the work of temperance. Mr. Gift'ord's social qualities are a marked feature of the man, and he brings these to the platform and to the pulpit. His good humor, quick perception, ready speech, and terse manner of putting things render him an attractive speaker. Mr. Gifl'ord was married in Shelburne Falls, June 26, 1877, to Florence N., daughter of Ebenezer G. and Polly (Eager) Lamson. Of this union are three chil- dren : Flora S., Mary E. and O. P. Gif- ford, Jr. GILLETT, Edward Bates, son of Daniel and Edith (Kates) Gillett, was born in South Hadley F'alls, Hampden county, August 24, 1818. He is descended from a line of scholars well known in legal and theological circles in the LInited States. He fitted for college in the Hadley and Westfield academies, and was graduated from Amherst College in the class of 1839, notable for the many afterwards eminent men who were its members. Upon graduation he entered the law office of his uncle, Isaac Bates, of North- ampton, the brilliant leader of that bar. He completed his legal education at the Cambridge law school, and in 1843 was admitted to the Suffolk bar, and began practice in Westfield as partner of ^^'illiam G. Bates, already a leading lawyer. This co-partnership continued until 1852, when Mr. Gillett received as junior partner Ar- thur Lincoln, and after the death of the latter, in 1849, a partnership was formed with Hon. Homer B. Stevens, which con- tinued until 1883, under the name of Gil- lett & Stevens. In 1856 he was elected district attorney for the counties of Hampden and Berk- shire, and held the office by continuous re- elections till 187 1, when lie declined fur- ther service. During these years he had become emi- nent as an advocate .in his regular profes- sional practice. He is a scholarly repre- sentative among the brilliant leaders of the Massachusetts bar — classical in his ideas of oratory, courteous in manner, and scru- pulously exact in his methods of practice. Although closely wedded to his profession, he broadened by reading and study to the demands of society, serving his town, his chosen church and his party with generous devotion. In his early life a ^Vilig, and a Re|3ubli- can since the formation of that party, his voice and pen have been constantly active in conscientious support of party issues. He was delegate to the national convention in 1856, and presidential elector in i860. Never caring to accept purely political office, he has repeatedly refused nomina- tions for congressional honors, and has but OILMAN. OILMAN. 249 once served as member of the state Senate (■S52)- He has always manifested a deep inter- est in educational matters, and since 1861 has been a trustee of .\mherst College ; has been vice-president of Smith College, Northampton, since its foundation, and was for many years a member of the Massa- chusetts board of education. He has been identified with all the important movements for the welfare of the town of Westfield — energetic and influential. He was presi- dent of the Hampden Bank from 1858 to '82 ; president of the Westfield Insurance Company : president of the board of trus- tees of the Westfield Academy Fund ; presi- dent of the Westfield Athenreum ; director of the American Whip Company ; for many years counsel for the New Haven &: Northampton Railroad Company and for the Boston & Albany Railroad. In 1880 he was elected a corporate mem- ber of the American Board of Commission- ers for Foreign Missions ; is one of the trus- tees of the Hartford Theological Seminary ; is president of the Hampden Bar Associa- tion. In 1885 he received from Amherst College the honorary degree of LL. U. Mr. Gillett has been called to manage many celebrated cases, and was notably connected with the prosecution of the Northampton bank robbers in 1877, con- ducting all cross-examinations and making the closing arguments. He has long been connected with the First church in West- field. Mr. Gillett was married in Westfiekl, November i, 1848, to Lucy, daughter of Hon. James and Lucy (Douglass) Fowler, of Westfield. Of this union were seven children, three of whom survive : Freder- ick H., Arthur L. and Lucy Douglass Gillett. OILMAN, Nicholas Paine, son of Charles and .\nnette Maria (Dearborn) Gilman, was born December 21, 1849, in Quincy, Adams county, Illinois, where his father practiced law and was reporter to the supreme court of that state. He received his early educational train- ing in academies in Parsonsfield, Maine, and Effingham, N. H., and entering the Harvard divinit)^ school in 1868, was graduated in 187 1. In 1872 he was settled over the Unitarian church in Scituate, and in 1875 took charge of the first parish in Bol- ton, remaining until 1878, when he went to Ohio, where he was professor of English literature and German in .-Xntioch College at Yellow Springs, and preached in the college chapel. Returning to New Englanil, he luul charge of the Unitarian churches in Wa)"- land and Sudbury for a couple of years, and after a tour in England, fixed his resi- dence in West Newton, where he has since resided, devoting himself especially to lit- erary pursuits. Having been a contributor for a dozen years to the " Literary World " of Boston, he became editor of the paper in October, 1888, The "Literary World" is a fort- nightly ]3aper, devoted to the review of current literature, and is the oldest journal of its class in the LTnited States, with a high reputation and a well-established cir- culation. It was founded by S. R. Crocker in 1870, and was purchased in 1877 by the Rev. Edward Abbott and E. H. Hames, chief clerk of the " Congregationalist," Mr. Abbott continuing in editorial charge until 1888. Mr. Gilman has contributed somewhat to the " Christian Register," and numerous articles from his pen may be found in the " Unitarian Review," of which he was assistant editor from 1885 to '89. These articles are mainly philosophical and theo- logical, with man)- reviews of new books. But in 1887, having a deep interest in social questions, Mr. Gilman began the preparation of a comprehensive work on " Profit Sharing between Employer and Employee " considered as one remedy for labor troubles, which was published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., in March, 1889 (460 pp.), with the sub-title "A Study in the Evolution of the Wages System." It soon passed into its third thousand, having been received with great favor by the press of the United States and England, where it was brought out in a copyrighted edi- tion. A tierman translation is in prepara- tion. English and American economists, with President Francis A. Walker, pro- nounce it a " clear and complete account of all the experiments in profit sharing," in which "the economic principles govern- ing such arrangements between employer and employee are correctly stated, and the practical difficulties besetting the applica- tion of those principles are fairly, temper- ately, and judiciously discussed." United States Labor Commissioner Carroll D. Wright says the work is "a great contribu- tion to economic literature — the very best work on profit sharing that has appeared in the English language, while it is far more complete in its general construction than any that has appeared in any lan- guage." It was also awarded a gold medal at the recent Paris Exjiosition. 250 GILMORE. GLEASON. GILMORE, Henry Hubbard, son of Mitchel and Czarina (Currier) Cilmore, was born in Warner, Merrimack county, N. H., August 31, 1S32. He obtained his early education at the common schools of his native jjlace, and at Concord, supplemented by a course at the academy at Concord, N. H. His first connection in business was in 1857, with Joseph Ballister & Company of Boston. He subsequently was with John Button, agent for Earl, Smith & Company, steel manufacturers, Sheffield, England, and in 1854 succeeded to Mr. Button's business. He was for a time manager of the sales department of the Whipple File & Steel Manufacturing Company, later establishing an iron rolling mill at Croton, N. Y. He is now the proprietor of the Cambridge Rolling Mills, a large and liberal employer of labor, in the manufacture of wrought iron. On May 19, 1858, at Charlestown, Mr. Gilmore was married to Sarah B., daughter of Robert and Susan (Bearborn) Todd. Their children are : Robert H., James M., S. Helen, Frank L. and Bessie A. T. Gil- more. Previous to taking up his residence in the city of Cambridge, where he now re- sides, Mr. Gilmore lived for ten years in the adjoining town of Medford, where he held the offices of selectman, overseer of the poor, highway surveyor, assessor of ta.xes, and member of the board of health. Buring the war of the rebellion he was an active war Bemocrat. On his removal to Cambridge he at once became prominent and active in the many institutions and in- dustries which have made that city con- spicuous for intelligence and good govern- ment. Mr. Gilmore has served his fellow-citi- zens most acceptably in the common council and in the board of aldermen, and in 1884 was elected to the state Senate, to repre- sent the 3d Middlese.\ district, serving upon the committees of mercantile affairs and the state-house, and was chairman of the committee for expediting the business of the session. In 1885 he re- ceived the unanimous nomination of the Bemocratic party for lieutenant-governor, Hon. F. O. Prince being at the head of the ticket. Although formerly an advocate of the high -license system, his voice and vote have been given to the advancement of the cause of " no license " for the past three years, and in 1888 he was placed in nomination as a candidate for mayor of the city, as one most worthy to be made the head of the government he had previously served so well. His selection was endorsed by his fellow-citizens at the polls, and Mr. (iilmore has, in his treatment of the im- portant questions of the day, amply justi- fied their verdict. GLEASON, Charles .4., .son of El- bridge and Emeline (Ranger) Gleason, was born on the yth of February, 1846, at New Braintree, Worcester county. He was educated in the common schools of New Braintree, and later studied in the Westfield Academy. He has always lived upon the farm on which he was born, which at present he owns and conducts. On the 17th of November, 1875, at Hardwick, Mr. Gleason was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Joel B. and Melinda H. (Winter) Mandell. For several years he has been superin- tendent of the Congregational Sabbath- school. He is also justice of the peace, president of the Worcester West Agricul- tural Society, and for eighteen years has been upon the school committee ; for sev- eral years he was town treasurer and select- man ; for fourteen years town collector. In 1873 he was elected as representative to the General Court, and was sent to the Senate in 1886, '87 and '88. He is a trustee of the Amherst Agricultural College, and for many years has been a member of the Congregational parish committee, and par- ish treasurer. He is a man whose influence is widely felt in his communit\', and who, without ostentation, has won for himself an enviable name in the state. GLEASON, Daniel Angell, son of John Fiskc and Maria (Tourtelotte) Glea- son, was born in Worcester, May 9, 1836. The public schools of Worcester gave him the preliminary training enabling him to enter Harvard University at the age of si.\teen. He graduated from Harvard in the class of 1856. After graduation he taught for three years in a private school in Meadville, Pa. Buring this period he also studied law and was admitted to the bar in Craw- ford county. Pa. Returning East, he re- ceived the degree of LL. B. from Har- vard in i860. At this time lie assisted Prof. Washburn in the preparation of his work on " Easements," and later edited " Bouvier's Law Dictionary," and an edition of " Bouvier's Institutes," and assisted Mr. Phillips in that author's last edition of his work on insurance. GLEASON. GLINES. ^51 He was admitted a member of the Suf- folk bar in 1861, and commenced tiie prac- tice of law in the city of Boston. He was law clerk to Attorney-General Dwight Foster from 1862 to '64. He served as deputy tax commissioner from 1864 to '81, and as commissioner of corporations from 1870 to '81. In 1881 he was elected on the general state ticket to the office of treasurer and receiver-general of the Com- monwealth, serving the full constitutional term of five years, till 1886. In March, 18S7, he was appointed treasurer of the Fitchburg Railroad Company, which posi- tion he now holds. Mr. Gleason was married in Roxbury, on January 7, 1863, to Annie L., daughter of Richard and Mary A. (Henry) Hall. He has five children ; Hall, Sidney, Eliza- beth, Annie and Charles Bemis Gleason. Mr. Gleason has been exceptionally for- tunate in early securing and long maintain- ing the confidence of his fellow-citizens of Medford, where he has for many years resided. He served on the school com- mittee from 1864 to '85, and the high standing of the public schools in that place is in no small degree attributable to his care and supervision, he serving as chair- man for eighteen consecutive years, from 1867 to '85. He was largely instrumental in the introduction of water into the town, and has served uninterruptedly upon the board of water commissioners since their incorporation in 1869. Mr. Gleason has always been a prom- inent and influential leader in town affairs, possessing unrivaled gifts of persuasive eloquence and convincing logic. He is courteous in debate, fertile in resource, and a powerful sujiporter of any cause to which he may give his sanction. GLEASON, JuBAL Converse, son of Andrew and Celia (Harwood) Gleason, was born in Hubbardston, Worcester county, November 9, 1837. He received his early educational train- ing in the public schools and New Salem Academy. He entered Amherst College in 1859, and was graduated therefrom in the year 1863, in the first sixth of his class. He was graduated from the Harvard med- ical school, 1867. He practiced medicine in Gilbertville, (Hardwick) three years, when he removed to Rockland, where he has since resided in the active practice of his profession. Dr. Gleason was married in North Abington, July 31, 1867, to Mrs. Anna Pierce Sayles, daughter of the late Rev. Willard Pierce. Of this union were two children : Everett Harwood (deceased),^ and Emma ^Villard Gleason. Dr. Gleason was a member of the Hard- wick school board one year, of the Rock- land school board continuously since the incorporation of the town, 1874. He was chairman of the Rockland board of health three years, and has been medical ex- aminer of the 2d Plymouth district since 18 / /■ He served as representative to the Gen- eral Court 1870 and '86, and in the state Senate 1887, '88, and '89. He is a mem- ber and councilor of the Massachusetts Medical Society, member of the Massa- chusetts Medico-Legal Society, Phi Beta Kappa Society, Amherst College, and is also connected with the F. & A. M. and I. (). (). F. \)r. CHeason has made himself a reputa- tion as a public speaker, not only in the Senate, but on the platform. He has con- tributed some valuable professional papers to the various medical societies. GLINES, Edward, son of Jacob T. and Sarah A. (Washburn) Glines, was born in Somerville, Middlesex county, August 31, 1849- He obtained his education in the public schools, graduating from the high school in 1869. He began to learn business as clerk in a general spice and coffee store, and was with his father in the same busi- ness until his father's retirement, which brought the son to the head of the oldest firm in its line in Boston. He is still carry- ing on the importation, manufacture and sale of spices and coffee. Mr. Glines was married in Boston, March 5, 1872, to Frances C, daughter of Ziba P. and Nancy L. (Henderson) Hanks, of Augusta, Me. They have no children. Mr. Glines was an officer and member of the Somerville fire department ten years ; is a member of the Central, Webcowitt and Winter Hill clubs of Somerville, the Cen- tral, Middlesex, New England and Cereal clubs of Boston. He is a member of the Boston Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Glines has held office in the I. O. O. F. and K. of H. ; is a Mason, Knight Tem- plar degree ; has served in the militia as a private ; has been president of the Repub- lican city committee ; member of the Re- publican state central committee ; presi- dent of the Somerville common council ; overseer of the poor ; member of the House of Representatives two years, 1882 and '83 ; and was a member of the state Senate in 1887 and '88, serving as a mem- ber of the committees on street railways. 252 GODFREY. GOOCH. expediting business, labor, and public health, and as chairman of the railroad committee and the committees on federal relations and roads and bridges. He was largel\' influential in the adoption b_v the Legislature of the important public improvement known as the widening and extension of Beacon Street, giving to the city of Boston one of its most elegant boulevards. As chairman of the railroad committee, he reported and successfully advocated the passage of two very important measures affecting the railroad and mercantile inter- ests of the State — the consolidation of the EDWARD GLINES. Old Colony and the Boston & Providence railroads, and the uniting of the larger and more important rival lines, the Boston & Maine and the Eastern railroads. Mr. Glines enjoys the remarkable and unprecedented legislative record of never losing a bill which was reported by either of three committees of which he was chair- man. He has been connected with various literary and religious associations, his church relations being with the Universalists. GODFREY, Nathan, son of Otis Smith and Susan Elizabeth (Sauveuer) Godfrey, was born in Cherryfield, Wash- ington county, Me., August 19, 1859. Removing to Massachusetts while quite young, he received the greater portion of his educational training in the public schools of Milton, and was graduated from the Milton high school. He first sought his fortune at sheep- raising, in Smith River Valley, Montana Territory, in 1877 to '80. In 1881 he en- gaged in the lumber business. In 1884 he added the coal trade, and these two have been his occupation up to the present time. Mr. Godfrey was married in Milton, December 25, 1880, to Georgiana M., daughter of Josiah F. and Susan Anna Twombley. They have two children : Otis S. and Florence L. Godfrev. Mr. Godfrey was president of the High School Association in 18S8 ; member of the Republican town committee for the last six years ; member of the present board of liealth, and member of the board of fire engineers. Mr. Godfrey is a lineal descendant on the maternal side of Surgeon AUine, or Allen, one of the " Boston Tea Party." The Sauveuer and Twombley families are of English and Irish descent, and on the paternal side are connected also with the ancestors of Robert G. Shaw. GOOCH, Daniel W., son of John and Olive (\\'mn) Gooch, was born in Wells, York county, Me., January 8, 1820. He was fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, and was graduated at Dartmouth College in the class of 1843. He studied law in South Berwick and Port- land, Me., and also in Boston, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1846. He practiced law in Boston, and was a member of the House in the state Legis- lature in 1852, and the state Constitutional Convention in 1853. He was elected to Congress, and served in the 35tli, 36th, 37th, and 38th Congresses, and, resigning from the 39th Congress, to which he was also elected, was appointed naval officer at the port of Boston, which position he held for one year, after which he returned to the practice of the law, in which he was engaged until the 43d Congress, when he was again elected to that body. In 1875 he was appointed jiension agent in Boston, which position he held until 1886, after which he again returned to the practice of the law. During the existence of the joint congressional committee on the conduct of the war, he was its chairman on the part of the House. Among his speeches in Congress that were issued in pamphlet form are the fol- lowing : " The Lecompton Constitution GOODALE. GOOUNOW. 253 and the Admission of Kansas into the Union" (March 29, 1858) ; "Polygamy in Utah" (April 4, i860); "The Supreme Court and Dred Scott" (May 3, i860); "Organization of the Territories" (May II, i860); "Any Compromise a Surrender " DANIEL W, GOOCH. (February 23, 1861 ) ; "Recognition of Hayti and Liberia " ( June 2, 1862); " Se- cession and Reconstruction" (May 3, 1864). Mr. Gooch married Hannah H., daugh- ter of John S. and Theodosia L. Pope, of AVells, Maine, and his only living child is William W. Gooch, born September 8, 1857. GOODALE, Warren, son of Aaron and Elizabeth (Fales) (ioodale, was born September 8, 1861, at West Boylston, Wor- cester county. He attended the district schools in his native town, also the grammar and high schools, receiving a thorough course of academic training in the Worcester Acad- emy. He is a graduate of Eastman National Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He afterwards worked one year for W. R. Walker, in West Boylston, in a general country store. Later he worked for J. W. Howe & Co., Clinton, three years ; then went to Hudson in company with Solon Wood, under the firm name of Solon Wood & Co., and remained there one year, after which he returned to Clinton, and has since been in company with J. \V. Howe, under the firm name of Howe tV Goodale, carrying on an e.xtensive furniture and grocery business. Mr. Goodale was married in Clinton, September 21, 1887, to Annie Carroll, daughter of William N. and Mary Ann (Dickinson) Peirce. He is a member of the board of select- men, elected in 1889 for three years. GOODELL, JOHN H., son of Hosea B. and Harriet (Fiske) (loodell, was born in Southbridge, Worcester county, Septem- ber 15, 1851. His education was received in the com- mon schools of Southbridge and North Brookfield, he having moved to the latter town in 1862. He opened a retail provision market in East Brookfield, February, 1874. Having sold out the business in 1875, he returned to North Brookfield and went into business in the same line. In November, 1880, he disposed of his interests, and in April, 1882, went to South Framingham. Here he bought a large market business which he still owns. Mr. Goodell was married in North Brook- field, May I, 1873, to Emma F., daughter of John and Mary (Griffith) Carleton. Of this union are three children : Juva H , Florence C. and Robert H. Goodell. Mr. Goodell is active in all matters of public interest, and prominent in the mu- nicipal affairs of Framingham. It was owing much to his perseverance that the town secured the right and adopted the system of " intermittent downward filtra- tion sewage," improved fire-alarm, street fountains, etc. He was overseer of the poor, 1885, '86 and '87, and selectman, '86, '87, '88 and '89. He was vice-president of the Citizens' Association, now merged in the Commercial Club, and is a director of South Framingham Co-operative Bank. GOODNOW, Edward Augustus, was born at Princeton, Worcester county, on the 1 6th of July, 18 10. He was the third son of Edward and Rebecca (Beaman) Goodnow. The house in which he was born was built by his grandfather, Edward Goodnow, in 1786, and during his boyhood was occupied by his father as a tavern. His early training was in this tavern, on the farm, somewhat in the district school, and somewhat less in Hadley Academy, where, indeed, he spent only three terms. At the age of nineteen he went to work for wages in the store of his older brother in 254 GOODNOW. GOODRICH. Princeton ; then went into partnership with him ; then engaged in the manufac- ture of shoes for himself. In 1847 he sold out his Princeton business and left the town. In the period of prospecting which followed, he had charge for a year of the store connected with the large cutlery es- tablishment of Lanison, Goodnow & Co., at Shelburne Falls. But neither this nor a manufacturing prospect in central New York offered him the chance he sought. In the end he came back to Worcester, there bought out a small shoe dealer, and with a capital of about $7,000 began a retail and jobbing business. At the end of four years he sold the retail branch and opened the first exclusive jobbing house of any kind then in Worcester. For the first year the business amounted to $130,000 ; in the tenth year it was about $400,000. EDWARD A. GOODNOW. In the midst of a prosperous business the civil war broke out. Being wholly in sympathy with the cause of the Union, Mr. Goodnow patriotically gave the govern- ment his hearty and efficient support- He assisted many of his clerks to enlist for the war ; headed a subscription for Gov. Andrew's colored regiment with $500 ; subscribed liberally for govern- ment bonds, and showetl his confidence in its stability by his forwardness in estab- lishing the first bank in Worcester under the national banking law. Of this bank he became the president after retiring from the shoe business at the close of the war, and this office he .still holds. Of his honorably accumulated wealth he has been a faithful steward. Churches, missionary societies, schools and colleges in many and widely separated places have largely shared in his gifts. Much the larger part of his giving has been for edu- cational uses. Scholarships for needy and worthy girls have been founded bv him at Mt. Holyoke, Northfield, Wellesl'ey, Wel- lington, .South Africa, Iowa College, and Hampton, Virginia. To Iowa College he gave $15,500 for the erection of a library and observatory, and a cottage for girls ; to Huguenot Seminary in South Africa, $15,000 for a building and its furnishing ; to Washburn College, Kansas, $5,000 for a John Brown proftjssorship ; to the Young Women's Christian Association of Worces- ter $5,000 ; and to his native town about $40,000 to found and endow a free library and grammar school, and to aid in erecting a new town hall. These are but parts of his public benefactions. The whole amount would probably e.xceed $200,000. Mr. Goodnow has never been an otifice holder, nor an office seeker. One exception occurred in 1867, when Governor Andrew appointed him a trustee of the Westborough Reform School. This office, through a re- appointment by Governor Bullock, he held seven years. Mr. (loodnow was married in early life to Harriet, daughter of Dr. Henry Bagg, of Princeton, and subsequently, upon her decease, to her sister, Mary Augusta. After the death of the latter he was married to Catherine Bowman, eldest daughter of Seth Caldwell, of Barre. He was the father of but one child, who ilied many years ago. GOODRICH, Charles Artemas, son of .\rtemas and Lydia (Ramsdell) Goodrich, was born in Lunenburg, Wor- cester county, November 5, 1824, He was educated in the common schools until the age of fifteen, when he entered the Lunenburg Academy, under the tuition of the Hon. John R. Rollins. When seven- teen years of age he began teaching school, to which occupation he gave his attention for ninety-two terms in the common and high schools. In 1850 he bought a farm in his native place, which he has since been conducting in connection with land surveying, civil engineering, conveyancing, etc. GOODWIN. GORDON. ^55 On the loth of December, 1850, Mr. Goodrich was married at Lunenburg, to Martha A. W., daughter of Samuel H. and Mary (Hart) Bailey. She died on the 12th of December, 1884, leaving two children : Charles Edwin and Adie Elizabeth. On the iSth of June, 1887, Mr. Goodrich was again married, to Mrs. Josephine M. Col- burn of Ayer. For fifteen years Mr. Goodrich has been superintendent of the Lunenburg Unitarian (■J ■^^ CHARLES A GOODRICH, Sunday-school, and for thirty-five years upon the school committee, most of the time as its chairman. For nearly a quarter of a centur}' he has been upon the board of selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, and for many years justice of the peace and notary public. His valuable and honorable service has been largely in demand as administrator and e.xecutor of many estates, and guardian of several wards. Mr. Goodrich is in one other respect a notable product of Massachusetts soil, being an unusually large man, measuring six feet five and a half inches in height. GOODWIN, William Watson, .son of Hersey Bradford and ]jucretia Ann (Watson) Goodwin, was born in Concord, Middlese.x county, May 9, 1831. He grad- uated at Harvard in 1851, and afterwards studied at Gottingen, Bonn, and Berlin. He was a tutor in Harvard College from 1856 till '60, and since i860 he has been Eliot professor of Greek literature. He was the first tlirector of the Ameri- can school of classical studies at Athens, Greece, in i882-'83, and was president of the American Philological Association in 1872 and again in 1885. Professor Goodwin is a member of the Imperial Archaeological Institute of Ger- many, of the American Academy of Arts and Science.s, and of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and is a knight of the Greek order of the Saviour. He received the degree of Ph. D. from the University of Gottingen in 1855, and that of LL. D. from Amherst College in 1881, from the University of Cambridge, England, in 1883, and again from Columbia College, N. Y., in 1887. He has been a contributor to various literary and jshilological journals and to the transactions of societies in the United States and England. He has been the chief editor of the " Papers of the Amer- ican School of Classical Studies at Athens," volumes i.-iv., published in Boston in 1885 and '88. His works include " Syntax of the Moods anil Tenses of the Greek Verb " (Cam- bridge, i860 ; revised edition, 1865 — Lon- don, 1873); " Elementary Greek Gram- mar" (Boston, 1870 — enlarged edition, Bos- ton and London, 1879); "Greek Reader," with Rev. Joseph H. Allen (Boston, 187 i); and an edition of Xenophon's " Anabasis," books i.-iv., with Professor John W. White (Boston and London, 1877). He also revised the old translation of " Plu- tarch's Morals by Several Hands," i.-iv. (Boston, 1870). Professor Goodwin was married in New York, February 3, 1864, to Emil}' Haven, daughter of Horace Howard and Mary Prudence (Haven) Jenks, who died in 1874, leaving one son : Charles Haven Goodwin, born in 1866. He was again married, in 1882, to Ellen Adelaide Chand- ler, of Jamaica Plain. GORDON, AdoNIRAM JUDSON, son of John Calvin and Sally (Robinson) (lordon. was born in New Hampton, Belknap coun- ty, N. H., April 19, 1836. He received his early education in the common school of his native town, and sub- sequently entered the preparatory school at New London, N. H., with the distinct object of fitting himself for a gospel min- istry, thence going to Brown LTniversity, Providence, R. L He was graduated at 256 GORDON. GOSS. Brown in i860, and at the Newton Theo- logical Institution in 1863. Before the completion of his course at the latter place, he accepted a call to the pastorate of the Baptist church, Jamaica Plain, his ordination taking place June 25, 1863, and until the A-ear 1869, Dr. Gordon continued his work in the same church. At the close of his labors at Jamaica Plain, he received a call from the Clarendon Street Baptist church of Boston, of which he is still pastor. Dr. Gordon was married at Providence, R. I., October 13, 1863, to Maria T., daugh- ter of Isaac and Harriet (Johnson) Hale. ADONIRAM J GORDON. They have six children : Harriet Hale, Ernest B., Elsie, Arthur H., Helen M., and Theodora F. Gordon. Under Dr. Gordon's pastorate, the Clar- endon Street church has been especially noted for the large and important temper- ance and evangelistic work it has carried on. He was mainly instrumental in the formation of the institution known as the Boston Industrial Home, which has been very successful in helping young men towards sobriety and self-support. Dr. Gordon is well known as an author, and among his publications may be found "In Christ" (1872); " Grace and Glory" (Boston, 1880); followed by "Congrega- tional Worship," also the " Ministry of Healing" (1882), and "Two-Fold Life" (18S4). He was one of the compilers of the hymn-book known as the " Service of Song." He is a trustee of Brown Uni- versity, from which he received the de- gree of D. D. in 1877. GORDON, George angier, son of George and Catharine (Hutchins) Gordon, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Jan- uary 2, 1853, and was educated in the com- mon schools of Scotland. When eighteen years of age he came to this country, and for two years worked at various occupations, during which time he made the acquaintance of the Rev. L. H. A ngier — then settled in South Boston — who, with his wife, encouraged Mr. Gordon to continue his studies. He afterwards be- came a member of their family, and under their influence, in 1874, entered the Bangor Theological Seminary, graduating in 1877. He preached for a year after being or- dained, then entered Harvard College as a special student, joining the class of 1881 in its senior year,and graduated with that class. For three years subsequent to his graduation he was settled as clergyman in Greenwich, Conn., and in 1884 became pastor of the Old South church in Boston, which position he occupies at the present time. He is also one of the preachers of Harvard University. He is a man of advanced ideas and broad theological views. These views tended to create some question, and aroused certain opposition at the time of his settle- ment in Boston ; but his earnestness, ability, and determination won for him many friends who have been his firm sup- porters, and who have aided him materially in the success with which he has met since his settlement as pastor of the famous Old South church. GOSS, ELBRIDGE Henry, .son of Hen- ry and Betsey (Kendall) Goss, was born in Boston, December 22, 1830. From the age of six to twelve years he lived in Dum- merston, Vt., where he attended the district schools. He then returned to Boston, completing his education in the Adams school and the English high school. He began the labors of life early in the tailoring house of Kimball & Fisk ; for a year was cashier in Chandler & Co.'s dry goods house ; and then for five years clerk in W. F. Shaw's gas-fixture and lamp store. For thirty years he was book-keeper for the leather house of A. L. White & Co. and their successors. GOSS. GOSS. 257 He is now treasurer of the Melrose Sav- ings Bank, a position lie lias held for four- teen years, and is also the Boston treasurer of the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company, of Kansas. He has been several years auditor of the town of Melrose — which became his residence in 1856 — and trustee of the public library since its organization in 1871. He is now chairman of the board. ELBRIDGE H GOSS. He was representative in the Legislature in 1874 and '75. In religious matters he is known as an active worker, and holds many offices and trusts iti religious and philanthropic societies and social clubs. He is a member of the New England His- toric Genealogical and Bostonian societies, the American Historical Association, treas- urer of the Prince Society, and correspond- ing member of the Rhode Island and Wisconsin Historical societies. Besides attending to his many duties, he has also been engaged in literary matters — writing the Melrose Memorial, the Annals of Melrose during the great re- bellion of i86i-'65, and the life of Paul Revere, together with contributions to mag- azines and newspapers, some of which were published under the nom deplume " Elhe- gos." July 4, 1S76, he delivered the cen- tennial historical address for Melrose. On the 22d of December, 1853, Mr. Goss was married in Boston, to Jennie H., daughter of Martin and Prudence (Rich- ardson) Baker. Their children are : Frank Martin and Mary Alice Cross. GOSS, Franklin B., son of William Whittemore and Hannah Cioss, was born in Brewster, Barnstable county, July 17, .S5,. He was put out on a farm in Dennis at nine years of age, and at fourteen entered the " Barnstable Patriot " office as an ap- prentice in the printing business. He had the advantage of the public schools a por- tion of each year previous to that time. In 1 85 1 he started a newspaper called the "Cape Cod Advocate," printed at Barnstable and Sandwich, in company with Benjamin C. Bowman. In 1869 he became joint proprietor with George H. Richards, of the " Barnstable Patriot;" in 1871 its sole proprietor, and was editor and man- ager from his first joint ownership, 1869. FRANKLIN B. GOSS. He was appointed collector of customs for the district of Barnstable, July 8, 1876, by President Grant, and continued in office until August 8, 1887, when he was removed by President Cleveland. He established the " Provincetown Ad- vocate," in 1869 ; the "Harwich Independ- ent " and "Chatham Monitor," in 1883, 258 GOULD. GOULD. and the "Cape Cod Bee," in 1S80 — all now flourishing local papers. IMr. Goss was married in Barnstable, January 20, 1852, to Mary Ciorham, daugh- ter of Capt. Joseph and Lucy Josejihine Parker, of Barnstable. Of this union were five cinildren : F. Percy, Alton Parker, William F. M., Lillie Stanley and George Richards Goss — the latter deceased. Mr. Goss has held a position on the school board several years, and for manv years was vice-president and secretary of the Barnstable County Agricultural So- ciety. He was originally a Democrat, but fount! a political home more consonant to his tastes with the Republicans during Gen- eral Grant's first presidential campaign. He has ever since acted with the Republi- can party as its staunch supporter. He is now for the second time the collector of the port of Barnstable, having been re-ap- pointed to that position by President Har- rison, July 20, 1889. He is always prominent in temperance work, and believes in prohibition. Mr. Goss is the fourth child of a family of fifteen children. His father died in 1884, aged eighty-two. His mother is still living, aged eighty. GOULD, John Henry, of Medfield, is descended from English ancestors who emigrated to this country early in 1600, and settled in Massachusetts, where his parents, John H. and Emiline B. (Pitcher) Gould were born. He was born at Paw- tucket, Providence count)', R. I., December 1 1, 1829. His early education was obtained at the public schools and at a private academy. At an early age he entered the militia ser- vice of the state of Rhode Island, in which service, during a period of twelve years, he was successively promoted from the grade of private to that of major. The breaking out of the rebellion found him organizing a company, which was mustered into the United States service as the 3d Rhode Island artillery, of which he was commissioned captain. On January 21, 1861, he married Abbie B., daughter of the late Dr. Thomas J. and Abigail (Baker) Stevens, of Charles- town, Mass. Two children were the fruit of this marriage : May (deceased) and Alfred Henry (iould. Captain Gould sailed in 1861 in a secret e.xpedition which assisted in the capture of Port Royal, S. C. Major-General Hunter, commander of the department of the South, recommend- ing him for promotion, said that Captain Gould was an officer of e.xcellent ability, and had rendered important service to the department, (leneral Gilmore subse- cpiently assigned him to the command of f| J, HENRY GOULD Fort Pulaski and of the batteries on Tybee Island, and he, also, recommending him for promotion, said that he considered that Captain Gould was one of the most intel- ligent, capable and valuable officers in the volunteer service. Captain Gould was commissioned as major, and in 1864 was honorably dis- charged on account of injuries incurred in the service of his country. His political record begins with his ser- vice as a member of the board of health and of the school committee of the town of Medfield. In 1882 he was elected to the Republican state central committee, and served two years as chairman of its executive committee, and in 1886 he was re-elected and chosen chairman of the whole committee, and ably and successfully managed one of the hottest political cam- paigns ever fought in the State. As a member of the state Senate in 1886 and '87, Mr. Gould was chairman of the committee on military affairs and member of the committee on railroads and agri- culture ; subsequently was chairman of the GOULD. UOULU. 259 committee on railroads and a member of the committee on the state-house and cities. He was one of the organizers of the Nor- folk County Club, and with the late (Jeorge Draper of Hopedale, he took an active part in organizing the Home Market Club, which was established for the protection of home labor and home industries, which has a membership of nearl\- twenty-five hundred members, and of which he is now one of the executive committee. Major Gould is also a member of the G. A. R., being past commander of Post 117 of Medfield ; is a Mason of high standing, and a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He assisted in the organi- zation of the Republican League of the United States, which has a membership of over one million, and he was chosen one of a sub-executive committee of nine of this organization. He is also the father of the State Republican League. He has been repeatedly urged to be a candidate for Congress, with an excellent prospect of success. In June, 1888, he was chosen a delegate to the national Republican con- vention held at Chicago, and was elected vice-president, representing Massachusetts. As a recognized leader among the friends of General Harrison, voting for his can- didate on every ballot, he was enabled to perform signal service towards secur- ing the vote of the Massachusetts and other delegations for the successful candi- date. Major Gould, as he is familiarly known, has also been actively and successfully en- gaged as a shipper of grain and coal on his own account for nearly a quarter of a cen- tury, is a member of the Boston Chamber of Commerce, and enjoys an excellent reputation. GOULD, Levi SWANTON, son of Dr. Levi and Elisabeth Webb (Whitmore) Gould, was born March 27, 1834, at Dix- mont, Penobscot county, Maine. His an- cestors were John Gould, an inhabitant of Charlestown in 1635, who died in Stoneham in 1690, and Francis AVhitmore, ancestor of the Whitmore and Wetmore families, w'ho lived in Cambridge in 1649, and who •died there in 1685. When six months old, his parents moved to his father's native town, Stoneham, and in 1843 settled in North .Maiden, now Mel- rose. He was educated in the public schools of Maiden and at Waitt's and In- jfalls academies in Melrose. Early in life Mr. Gould learned the shoe- maker's trade and worked at the bench in North Maiden, where, according to the custom of the time, he would make up a lot of shoes, pack them in a bag prepared for the purpose, carry them on his back to Stoneham, two miles away, receive his pay and a new lot of stock, and return for another season of work. Li 1850 he became a clerk in the fancy goods house of Messer, Warren & Davis in Boston. In 1857 he went West and found emploj^ment with Alexander Leitch, a prominent druggist of St. Louis. Upon the election of Abraham Lincoln, Mr. Gould received an appointment in the office of the secretary of the treasury at Washington, and was later in the navy agent's department in Boston. Li i866 he became connected with F. M. Holmes & Co., manufacturers of furniture, and in 1878 purchased Mr. Holmes's interest in the business, which he has since continued as senior partner, under the firm name of F. M. Holmes Furniture Company, the fac- tory of which concern is in Charlestown, and the ware-rooms in Boston. On the 23d of February, i860, Mr. Gould was married in Melrose, to Mary Eliza Payne. Their two children are: Mary Pearl and .Vnnie Elizabeth Gould. LEVI S GOULD. During the two sessions of 1868 and '69 Mr. (iould was representative in the Gen- eral Court, of the district of Melrose, Wake- 26o GOVE. GOVE. field and Stoneham. He was first elected as selectman of Melrose in 1869, was chair- man of the board of selectmen in 1885, '86, 87, '88 and '8g, and has served fifty-five times as moderator of the town meetings, and with the adjournments, had presided over one hundred and four meetings up to May 22, 1889. He has been for many years a member of the board of health, one of the overseers of the poor, and chairman of the highway surveyors of the town of Melrose. Four times he has been chosen worshipful master of Wyoming Lodge, F. & A. M. of Melrose. Mr. Gould was president of the New England Furniture Exchange in 1883 and '84, and president of the Furniture Club of Boston in 1886. He is a member of the Boston Executive Business Association as a delegate of the New England Furni- ture Exchange, and a director of the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company of Kan- sas.- For forty-six years Mr. Gould has re- sided in Melrose, where he has always been known as active and energetic in all social and town matters, and an earnest Repub- lican politician. GOVE, Jesse Morse, son of Dana b. and Susan (Morse) Gove, was born in Weare, Hillsborough county, N. H., De- cember II, 1852. The American ancestry of Mr. Gove is easily traced back to John Gove, who came from London in 1646, and settled in Charlestown. He died in 1648, leaving two sons, John and Edward Gove, Edward subsequently went to New Hamp- shire, and there settled, becoming one of the leaders in a rebellion against some of the coercive measures of the crown. He was with one of his sons arrested and sent to England and imprisoned in the Tower of London. He was pardoned and re- turned to his home. From lulward Gove, Jesse M. is of direct descent. He was educated at the public and pri- vate schools of Lowell, and in 1872 he commenced the study of law in the office of his father, being admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1875, since which time he has prac- ticed law in Boston. Mr. Gove was elected a member of the Boston common council in 1881 ; a mem- ber of the state Legislature in 1883, '84 and '85 ; a member of the Boston ward and city committee in 1886, '87 and '88 — for the last two years holding the position of president of the same. He was elected a delegate to the national Republican conventions at Chicago in 1884 and in '88. Upon his return in 1884, he was tendered a banquet by the Republicans of the 4th congressional district, for his fealty to them in supporting their choice at the conven- tion, as against the wishes and choice of all other delegates from Massachusetts, during the contest, he having been the only delegate from Massachusetts who voted for James G. Blaine as candidate for the presidency. His native shrewdness and positive views upon the political situa- tion gave him at once a national prominence as "the original Blaine man." During his presidency of the ward and city committee, the prominent members of the Republican party of Boston tendered him a banquet in JESSE M. GOVE, honor of his exertions in their behalf. Like honor was conferred by the 4th Con- gressional District Club at one of their monthly gatherings, Mr. Gove is at present a member of the board of aldermen. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and also of the Knights of Pythias, He was married at Lowell, August 17, 1882, to Agnes E., daughter of James and Jane Ballantyne. Of this union are two sons : Dana 15. and Edward J, Gove. Mr. Gove is a man of strong convictions, is forcible in his utterances, and believes in earnest work to accomplish the desired results. GOVE. GRAVES. 261 GOVE, Wesley Austin, son of Austin and Louisa (.Ann) Gove, was born in 15os- ton, September 9, 1836. He received his early education at tiie public schools of Boston, and at the Wes- leyan .\cadeniy, \\'ilbraham. In i860 he entered the wood and coal business, at East Boston, under the firm name of Austin Gove & Son ; but since the death of the senior member of the firm, he has carried on the business alone. Mr. Gove was married in East Boston, September 9, 1858, to Mary Jane, daughter of William and Jane Kelley. Their chil- dren are : William A., Robert J., Louisa J., Alice M. and Wesley A. Gove. Mr. Gove was a member of the House of Representatives in 1869 and '71, and of the state Senate in 1885 and '86, serving upon important committees in either branch. He is a director of the Erie Telegraph & Telephone Company, a di- rector of the First Ward National Bank, and a trustee of the East Boston Savings Bank. In 1862 he enlisted, as a private, in the 41st regiment of infantry, afterwards changed to the 3d Massachusetts cavalry, taking the different grades to captain. He was wounded and taken prisoner of war at Port Hudson, and was in Andersonville, and also under fire at Charleston, at the time the rebels were retaliating for General But- ler's placing their men under fire at the Dutch Gap Canal. GRANT, Robert, son of Patrick and Charlotte Bordman (Rice) Grant, was born in Boston, Januar}' 24., 1852. His early education was obtained at a private school in that city, and at the Bos- ton public Latin school, he being a Frank- lin medal scholar. He entered Harvard, graduating an A. B. in 1873, receiving subsequently the degree of Ph. D. in phi- lology in 1876, and LL. B. in 1879. He was the poet of his class, and while an un- dergraduate was editor of the " Harvard Advocate." While in the law school he was editor of the " Harvard Lampoon." He was admitted to the bar in 1879, and has since resided in Boston, engaged in the practice of his profession, and in writ- ing and publishing. His first publication was " The Little Tin Gods on Wheels," in 1879, a bright and taking work in verse, which first at- tracted public attention in its previous publication in the " Harvard Lampoon." This venture was immediately followed by "The Confessions of a l''rivolous Girl " (1880), a book that confirmed the expec- tations which had been raised by the pre- vious work from an author new to the general public. His other publications are " The Lambs " (verse), first published in the "Century Magazine" (1882), ".An .Vverage Man," first published as a serial in the same magazine (1883), "The King's Men " (1884), written in co-operation with John Boyle O'Reilly, F. J. Stimson and J. T. Wheelwright, " The Knave of Hearts " 1885), "A Romantic Young Lady" 1886), "Jack Hall, or the School Days of an American Boy" (1887), and "Jack in the Bush" (1888). The.se later works show no diminution of the power of the author in graphic delineation of character, and in artistic construction of plot. Besides these, all published in book form, Mr. Grant has been a frequent con- tributor of various articles, stories and verses to the standard magazines. The reading public await with much interest further productions from his pen. He delivered the Phi Beta Kappa poem before the alumni of Harvard University in June, 1883, and was honored by being selected as poet on the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Boston Latin school, which occurred April 23, 1885. Mr. Grant possesses characteristics which qualify him for other than a literary life. He was private secretary of Mayor Green of Boston during 1882. In 1888 he was appointed by Mayor O'Brien water commissioner of the city of Boston, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Horace T. Rockwell. In April, 1889, he was re-appointed to the same position for a period of three years, and was chosen chairman of the board. Mr. Grant was married in Montreal, Canada, July 3, 1883, to Amy Gordon, the daughter of Sir Alexander T. (ialt, G. C. M. G., and Amy Gordon (Torrance) Gait. They have three children : Robert, Alexander and Patrick Grant. GRAVES, George S., the son of John J. and Lucy Graves of Groton, was born in Groton, Middlesex county, Novem- ber 22, 1840. He received his early .education at the public school at that place, finishing at Lawrence Academy, Groton. In 1 86 1 he went into the provision busi- ness at Groton with his father, but the war breaking out vet)' soon after, he left and embarked in the shipping trade to North Carolina and the We.st Indies, in which he continued tluring the war, carry- ing several cargoes to Newbern, N. C. 262 GRAVES. GREEN. Mr. Graves served on the school board for three years, and in 1876 and '77 was select- man, assessor, and overseer of the poor. In 1878 he made a trip to Europe for six months. He is an honorary member of company F, state cavalry militia. Mr. Graves was married June 20, 1866, to Anne S., the daughter of Edmund Tiles- ton of Dorchester. He represented his native town in the Legislature of 1887, serving on the com- mittee on mercantile affairs. GRAVES, Henry Clinton, son of Newcomb and Almira (Phillips) Graves, was born in Deerfield, Franklin count}-, September 22, 1830. His early educational training was ob- tained in the private and public schools of his native place until he was si.xteen years of age, then in preparation for college at Shelburne Falls Academy, and at East- hampton. Entering Amherst in 1852, he remained four years, and was graduated A. B. with the class of 1856. After graduation he was a teacher at the Mt. Pleasant .School for Boys in Amherst, also in Leicester Academy. He then studied theology at Newton Theological Institution under Drs. Hackett, Hovey, Ripley, and Arnold, in the class of 1859. He received the degree of A. M. in course at Amherst, 1859, and of D. D. from the Central L'uiversity of Iowa in 1888. Dr. Graves was married in Braintree, in 1859, to Susan Elizabeth, daughter of Ferley and Harriet P. (Hayward) Sted- man. Of this union are three children : Henry S. (Brown University, 18S3, and New York Medical College, 1885), Alice T. and Fred C. Graves. He was secretary of the Rhode Island Baptist state convention from 1865 to '70 ; elected president of the Massachusetts Baptist Charitable Society in 1884, which office he now holds ; president of the New- ton Theological Institution alumni for the year i886-'87 ; vice-president of the Am- herst College alumni in 1885, and regular correspondent of " The Watchman," since 1880. He was pastor of the Bunker Hill Bap- tist church, Boston, from 1858 to 1863, then accepted a call to the pastorate of the Brown Street Baptist church. Provi- dence, R. I., in 1863, where he remained until he accepted the pastorate of the Sec- ond church in Fall River, 1874 ; he was called to the First Baptist church in Flav- erhill, 1880, where he remained si.x years. and to the North Baptist church. New Bedford, 1S86, where he is still settled. He is the author of "The History of the Baptist Religious Society of Haver- hill, Mass.," "The Life of David Benedict, D. D.;" several essays and sermons; let- ters from Europe on religious and educa- tional matters, and editor of "Benedict's History of the Donatists." GRAY, Horace, son of Horace and grandson of William Gray, was born in Boston, March 24, 1828. His early education was obtained at private schools in the city of his birth. He was graduated from Harvard College in 1845. He then entered the Dane law school, receiving on his graduation the degree of LL. B., after which he continued the study of law, under \\'illiam Sohier and John Lowell. He was admitted to the bar in 1851, and at once began to practice in Boston. Six years later he formed a law partnership with Hon. E. Rockwood Hoar, which continued till i860. In 1854 Mr. Gray was appointed report- er of the Massachusetts supreme judicial court, and served in that capacity for seven years. In 1864 he was appointed justice of that court, by Governor Andrew, and was appointed Chief Justice of the same by Governor Washburn in 1873. Here his dignity, integrity, learning, and e.xecutive ability placed him in the front rank of the able chief justices of the State. In 1882 he was made associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, which office he now holds. On the 4th of June, 18S9, in Washing- ton, I). C, Justice Gray was married to Jeanette, daughter of the late Stanley .Matthews, his fellow associate justice. GREEN, Samuel Abbott, son of Dr. Joshua and Eliza (Lawrence) Green, was born in (Proton, Middlese.x county, March 16, 1830. His early education was obtained at Lawrence .Academy, Groton. He was graduated at Harvard, 185 i, and received his medical degree three years later, after which he spent several years in Europe. On his return he began practice in Boston, and became one of the district physicians for the city dispensary. On May 19, 1858, he was appointed by Governor Banks surgeon of the 2d militia regiment. At the beginning of the civil war he was commissioned assistant-surgeon of the ist Massachusetts regiment of vol- unteers, and was the first medical officer from the State mustered in for three years' GKEEX. GREEN. service. He was pi'omoted to the sur- geoncy of the 24th Massachusetts regiment on September 2, 1S61, where he remained until November 2, 1864, serving in the meanwhile on the staff of various general officers He had charge of the hospital ship " Recruit " in the 15urnside expedition to Roanoke Island, of the hospital ship " Cosmopolitan " on the coast of South Carolina, and during the siege of Fort SAMUEL A GREEN. Wagner was chief medical officer on Morris Island. For gallant and distinguished ser- vices in the field in 1S64, he was breveted lieutenant - colonel of volunteers. Dr. Green organized " Roanoke Cemetery " in the winter of 1862, which was one of the first regular burial-places for national sol- diers established during the rebellion. After the close of the war Dr. Green was from 1865 until '72 superintendent of the Boston dispensary ; a member of the Boston school board, i86o-'62 and 1866 -'72; trustee of the public library, 1868 -'78, and acting librarian from dctober, 1877, to October, 1878. In 1870 (lovernor Claflin appointed him one of a commission to care for disabled soldiers. In 1871 he became city phy- sician of Boston, and retained the office till 1882. He was chosen a member of the board of experts authorized by Con- gress in 1S78 to investigate the yellow fever, and in 1882 was mayor of Boston. In 1883 he was elected a trustee of the Peabody education fund, as well as the secretary of the board, and from 1885 to '88 was the acting general agent. Dr. Green has for twenty-one years been librarian of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Among his publications may be mentioned " My Campaigns in .America,'' translated from the F'rench of Count W'm. de Deux Fonts (Boston, 1868); " Epitaphs from the Old Burying Ground in Gro- ton " (1878); "The Early Records of Gr(iton, 1662-1707" (1880); "History of Medicine in Massachusetts " (Boston, 1881); " Groton during the Indian Wars" (Groton, 1883); "Groton during the Witchcraft Times " (1883); " The Bound- ary Lines of Old Groton" (1885); "The (ieography of Groton," prepared for the use of the Appalachian Mountain Club (1886), and " Clroton Historical Series" (32 numbers, i883-'9). GREEN, Samuel SWETT, son of James and Elizabeth (Svvett) Green, was born in Worcester, February 20, 1837. He was first made acquainted with books in private schools ; afterwards attended the public common schools, and prepared himself for college work in the Worcester high school. He entered Harvard College, and was graduated in the class of 1858. He then entered the divinity school of Harvard University (1861), and was gradu- ated therefrom in 1S64. He then became book-keeper in the Mechanics' National Bank, Worcester, and a few months later became teller in the Worcester National Bank. January 15, 1871, he became librarian of the free public library, Worcester, a po- sition he still holds. He received the degree of A. M. from Harvard University, 1870 ; was chosen an honorary member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society by the chapter of the same university, June 28, 1877 ; was director of the free public library, Worcester, 1867 to '71 ; was chosen first vice-president of the American Library Association, in September, 1887 ; was dele- gate of the same association to the Inter- national Congress of Librarians, held in London, October, 1877, and member of the council of that body ; was chosen honorary member of the Library Asso- ciation of the United Kingdom in July, 1878 ; for many years has been mem- ber of a committee to examine the library of Harvard University ; lecturer on "Pub- lic Libraries as Popular Educational Insti- 264 GREEN. GREEN. tutions" in school of library economy, recently connected with Columbia College, New York City ; was chosen fellow of the Royal Historical Society of Great Britain, May 8, 1879 ; member of the American Antiquarian Society, April 28, 1880 ; mem- ber of the council of that society since October 22, 1883 ; member of the Ameri- can Historical Association ; was chosen a trustee of Leicester Academy, October 12, 18S2 ; president of the Worcester High School Association, i886-'87 ; vice-presi- dent of the Worcester Art Society ; and trustee of the Worcester County Institu- tion for Savings. Mr. Green has written two books, and made numerous contributions to magazines and the general press, on subjects con- nected with the arrangement of libraries, and several papers containing results of historical investigation. His residence is Worcester. Mr. Green is unmarried. He is too widely known as a librarian and critic to need extended comment. He makes of his work a profession, pecul- iarly so. His aim is to make of a free library a power to educate the com- munity, and to this end all his methods for selection, arrangement and distribu- tion, tend. GREEN, William A., the son of Wal- ter and Levina (Colvin) Green, was born at Clarendon, Rutland county, Vt., Novem- ber 6, 1823. The only educational advantages he re- ceived were those afforded by the common schools of his native place six months of the year up to the age of nineteen, the alternate six months being spent on the farm. He then continued to work on the farm until October, 1842, when he came to Boston and hired himself out to work on the wharves, which occupation he carried on for a number of years. In the meanwhile he had occasionally assisted the members of a fire engine com- pany, the Boston Hand Engine Company, No. 15, better known in those days as the "Boston fifteen," and in May, 1847, he became a regular member of the company, and in October, 1851, he was elected its foreman. In February, 1858, he was elected assistant engineer of the Boston lire depart- ment. Subsecjuently he was appointed superintendent, and organized the Boston Protective Department Company, combin- ing the office of assistant engineer and superintendent, until .April, 1874, when he was elected chief engineer. He was ap- pointed one of the fire commissioners of the city of Boston in 18S4. Mr. Green has possessed rare (|ualifica- tions for the administration of the respon- sible and important positions he has held. The fire department of the metropolis of the State has long held a national reputa- tion for bravery and efficiency. This has WILLIAM A, GREEM. not happened by chance. It is the result of patient, intelligent and laborious work on the part of those who have had charge of its interests, and whose example at crit- ical and trying times has been an inspira- tion to the faithful members of the force. GREEN, William Barker, son of Fred- erick and Mary (Hathaway) Green, was born May 13, 1835, in Adams, Berkshire county. The district schools of the town were the fountain from which he drew his book- knowledge, but they were district schools of an exceptionally high order, embracing in their curriculum most of the branches now taught in high schools. He began his business life as clerk and book-keeper in Pittsfield, at the age of fifteen. Three years later he entered the employ of W. W. Freeman of Adams, and succeeded him in the business in April, 1863. The firm of Green i\: Haft" was formed in 1874, for carrying on the grocery business. This continued three years, Mr. Green conducting at the same time his old GREENE. GREENE. 265 business of dr)--goods, carpets and paper- hangings. In the spring of 1888, \\'. W. Warren of New Haven, Vt., came in as a |iartner, and the business was increased by the addition of an upholstery depart- ment. Mr. Green was married in Adams, ^^ay r, i860, to Martha, daughter of Chester and Anna (Keyes) Crossett. Of this union were two children : William C. (who died when eleven months old), and Anna Keyes Green. Mr. Green is senior deacon of the Con- gregational church, superintendent of the Sabbath-school and treasurer of the church; member of the board of investment and one of the vice-presidents of the South Adams Savings Bank, and one of the trustees of the Adams Library Association. He has been a member of the school board, and for nine years one of the fire district com- missioners. He was a stockholder and a director in the Adams Paper Company. Mr. Green was in Leavenworth, Kansas, during the latter part of the struggle be- tween the Free State party and the Pro- Slavery party, where he was associated in business with J. M. Dickson, one of the leading Free State men of the territory. Ill health obliged him, in the autumn of 1858, to return East to his native town, where he now resides. GREENE, William Stedman, son of Chester W. and Abby S. (Stedman) Greene, was born in Tremont, Tazewell county, 111., April 28, 1841. He obtained his school training in the public schools of Fall River, to which place his parents came in 1844. He entered business life in 1856 as clerk in the millinery and fancy-goods business. Here he remained two years, then was employed as insurance clerk from March, 1858, to May, 1865. He then engaged in real estate and insurance business on his own account, and, since 1866, as a member of the firm of Greene & Son. He is also general superintendent of prisons for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Mr. Greene was married in Fall River, March 8, 1865, to Mary E., daughter of Pardon A. and Elizabeth W. (Spink) White. Of this union are three children : Mabel Lawton, Chester White, and Foster Regnier Greene. Mr. Greene has been trustee of St. Paul's M. E. church, and superintendent of the Sabbath-school; trustee of Fall River Hos- pital ; director of Odd Fellows' Building Corporation; member of the board of asso- ciated charities ; vice-president of Bristol County Agricultural Society, and director in Massachusetts Real Estate Company. He was a member of the Fall River common council in 1876, '77, '78 and '79, and president of that body the last three years. He was mayor of Fall River in 1880 and '81 ; was elected an alternate delegate from the ist congres- sional district to the national Republican convention at Chicago in 1880, and attended the convention. He resigned the office of mayor in March, 1881, and was appointed post- master by President (iarfield, serving until 1885. In December, 1885, he was ( .?»« WILLIAM S. GREENE. again elected mayor for the year ending December 31, 1886. He was appointed general superintendent of prisons of Massachusetts by Governor Ames, in July, 1888. Mr. Greene has never failed to avail himself of the privileges of a good citizen. He has always been an ardent Republican in politics, and an active worker in munici- pal, state and national campaigns. He has been connected with the Masonic order since 1864; is a member of Mt. Hope Lodge, Fall River R. A. Chapter, Fall River Coun- cil and Godfrey De Bouillon Commandery, K. T. He is also a member of the J^Iount Hope Lodge of I. O. O. F. 266 GREENHALGE. GREENOUGH. GREENHALGE, FREDERIC THOMAS, son of William and Jane (Slater) Clreen- halge, was born in Clitheroe, EnuJand, July 19, 1842. He was brought to this country by his father in early childhood. His early edu- cational training- was received at home and in the public schools of Lowell. He was graduated from the Lowell high school in 1859, receiving the first Carney medal ever given. Having fitted for college, he en- tered Harvard, and was graduated in the class of 1863. He chose the profession of law, and having pursued his legal studies with that aim, was admitted to the Middle- sex bar in June, 1S65. He first associated himself in practice with Charles F. Howe. In 1870 this partnership was dissolved, and he has since continued in practice alone. Mr. (jreenhalge has been in active legal practice since 1865, and is widely known as an able counselor and a suc- cessful advocate. Li business circles he is known as a man of strict integrity, shrewd foresight, and possessed of a judgment broad, conservative, and safe to follow. Socially, his popularity is not questioned, neither is it confined to class, nor limited by local circles. He has been called by the people to many positions of honor and trust, and never having been found wanting in humbler offices, he was called to accept con- gressional honors in 1888, and was elected to the national House of Repre- sentatives from the 8th congressional district. Among the more important offices Mr. Greenhalge has held are : president of the Lowell Humane Society ; president of the History Club ; president of the People's Club ; special justice of police court, Lowell ; member of common council, 1868 and '69 ; member of school board, Lowell, 1 8; I to '73 ; mayor of Lowell, 1880 and 'Si ; delegate to national Republican convention, 18S4; city solicitor of Lowell, 18S8 ; representative to the Legislature, 1885, and trustee of City Institution for Savings, of Lowell, from 1876 to present time. Mr. Greenhalge was married in Lowell, October i, 1872, to Isabel, daughter of John Nesmith (lieutenant-governor with Governor Andrew) and Harriet (Mansur) Nesmith. Of this union were four chil- dren : Nesmith (deceased), Frederic Brandlesome, Harriet Nesmith and Rich- aril Spalding Greenhalge. GREENOUGH, WiLLiA.M Whitewell, son of William and Sarah (tiardner) Green- ough, was born in Boston, June 25, 1818. He was fitted for college at the Boston Latin school and by private instruction. After graduating at Harvard College in 1837, he became a member of the firm of William Gree.nough & Co., remaining with that firm for twelve years, when he became agent and treasurer of the Boston Gas Light Company, holding that office until that company's plant and business were purchased by the Bay State Gas Company, in 1889. j\lr. Greenough was married in Boston, June 15, 1841, to Catherine Scollay, daugh- ter of Charles P. and Anna (Wroe) Curtis. Their children are : William, Charles Pel- ham, Malcolm Scollay and Edith, now Mrs. Barrett Wendell.' WILLIAM W. GREENOUGH. Mr. Greenough was for three years a member of the city council of Boston, i847-'49 inclusive ; for many years a trus- tee of the public library, and president of the board from 1866 to '88 ; a trustee of the Museum of Fine Arts ; first president of the New England Association of Gas Engineers; a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and of the New Eng- land Historic Genealogical Society, and other organizations. GREENWOOD. UKIKFIS. 267 Mr. Greenough has been an intelligent writer, his addresses and reports being mostly in the line inspired by his duties as trustee of the public library. He deliv- ered the Fourth of July oration before the city authorities of Boston, 1849. His con- tributions to various reviews and period- icals evince a mind gifted with original thought, and a style evidently polished by culture. GREENWOOD, MORRILL A., son of Lvman and Augusta Greenwood, was born in' Hubbardston, Worcester county, Decem- ber 22, 1839. He received his early edu- cation in the common schools. In 1862, '63 and '64 he worked in a tlour and grain store, and at the grocery Inisi- ness. In July, 1864, he enlisted in company G, 42d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, and was discharged in November of the same year. He was clerk in a store in Hubbardston from December, 1864, to February i, 187 1, when he went to Leo- minster, and opened a retail boot and shoe store, where he has remained to date. Mr. Greenwood was married in Hub- bardston, April 12, 1865, to Mary E., daugh- ter of Samuel G. and Augusta Nichols. Of this union are two children : Lizzie M. and Helen W. Greenwood. He has served on the Republican town committee four years, represented the 14th Worcester district in the House of Repre- sentatives, 1887 and '88, serving on com- mittees on claims and towns. Mr. Greenwood is a member of Leomin- ster Lodge 86, I. O. O. F.; Post 53, G. A. R.; Lodge 23, A. O. V. W., of which he is past master workman. GREGG, David, son of David and Mary M. CiVegg, was born in Pittsburgh, Allegheny county, Pa., March 25, 1846. He received his early educational train- ing at the public schools of Pittsburgh, and at the age of thirteen years attended Allegheny City College ; at fifteen years he entered the freshman cla.ss of the Washington and Jefferson College, where he graduated in 1865. He also grad- uated from the Iron City Commercial Col- lege in Pittsburgh in 1866. He received the degree of D. D. from the New York LTniversity in 1888. He was educated as a Scotch Covenan- ter, and at the age of twenty-three began preaching in the Scotch church on West Twenty-third Street, New York. He later accepted a call from the Park Street church in Boston, where he began on the first of February, 1887, the pastorate which he holds at the present time. Dr. Gregg was marrietl in New York, on the 2d of March, 1871, to Kate, daughter of Robert and Catherine Etheridge. They have two sons, Robert E. and David, and two daughters, Mary M. and Katharine \V. Gregg. Dr. Gregg's family trace their ancestry directly back to the Scotch Covenanters of 1638. His first public address was delivered in defense of Abraham Lincoln's emanci- pation proclamation. He claims to have been " a born Abolitionist." When Gen- eral Lee invaded Pennsylvania, he en- listed as an emergency man, and his com- pany took the place, in Camp Howe, of the men who marched to (Gettysburg and who were the first to fall in the Union army. GRIFFIS, William Elliot, son of John Limeburner and Anna Maria (Hess) Griffis, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Sep- tember 17, 1843. He was educated at the common and high schools of Philadelphia, and was graduated from Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J., in 1869. For a year thereafter, he studied at the theological seminary at New Brunswick, N. J. In 1 86 1 he entered the jewelry manu- factory of Carrow, Thibault & Co., Phila- delphia, where he learned the jewelry trade and worked as a journeyman while preparing for college. He traveled in Europe after leaving col- lege, and, having been appointed by the government of Japan to organize schools there on the American principle, he arrived at Yokohama in 1870, and spent a year in Fnkui and three years in the capital, Tokio, in the Imperial Lhiiversity; then, declining further offices from the Japanese government, he returned to the United States and completed his theological course at the Union Theological Seminary, in New York City, where he was graduated in 1877. For nine years he was pastor of the First Reformed church at Schenectady, N. Y., and from 1886 to the present time has been pastor of the Shawmut Congrega- tional church, Boston. He was married in Schenectady, N. Y., June 17, 1879, to Katharine Lyra, daugh- ter of the late Benjamin Stanton of Union College, and Catherine P. (Coffin) Stanton. Their children are : Lillian Eyre antl Stanton Griffis. During General Lee's invasion of Penn- sylvania, Mr. Griffis served in the 44lh 268 GRUVER. GUILD. regiment of Pennsylvania militia as color corporal, and was honorably discharged. During 1883 he was acting professor of mental science at Union College, Sche- nectady, at which time the college con- ferred upon him the degree of doctor of divinity. Among the literary productions of Dr. Griffis may be mentioned the following : "The -Mikado's Empire," " Corea, the Hermit Nation," " Mathew Calbraith Per- ry, a Typical American Officer," "Japan- ese Fairy World," "The Tokio Guide," " Arendt Van Curler," and many contribu- tions to magazines and the daily press, some of which have been translated into Japanese. GRUVER, Samuel J., sun of John and Sarah (Correll) Gruver, was born in Lower Mt. Bethel, Northampton county. Pa., August 27, 1846. He pa.ssed through the district schools of his native town, and attended Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., after which he en- SAMUEL J, GRUVER. tered the medical department of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, and was graduated in the class of 1869. He commenced the practice of medicine and surgery in Portland, Pa., immediately after graduating, and soon developed a large and lucrative business. In 1881 he removed to Brockton, Mass., where he has met the same success. Dr. Gruver was married in Portland, Pa., November 28, 1872, to Elizabeth S., daugh- ter of Franklin and ALartha K. (Thomp- son) .\mes. Of this union were three chil- dren, but none are living. Dr. Gruver was member of the board of aldermen for the city of Brockton, 1887 and '88. GUILD, Curtis, son of Curtis and Charlotte Louisa (Hodges) Guild, was born in Boston, January 13, 1827. His father was a graduate of Harvard College, class of 1822, and subsequently became a well- known merchant of Boston. His mother was the daughter of Ezra Hodges, of Maine, a soldier of revolutionary fame. Mr. Guild was disappointed in his ex- pectation of a matriculation at Harvard, on account of his father's business reverses, and received his early education in the grammar and English high schools ; but he was by nature a student, and by indus- try and perseverance he still studied as opportunity offered, until he became a scholar of culture and varied information. His training for his life work he received in the trying school of mercantile life. He started as clerk in the Boston mer- cantile house of Barnard, Adams & Co., on Commercial Wharf. Here he had ex- cellent practical instructions in the princi- ])les, laws and details of commercial trans- actions in a large mercantile business. Having become fitted for a more profitable employment, he, in 1847, became assistant book-keeper in the office of the " Boston Journal," and remained in this capacity nearly two years. The publishers of that paper soon discovered that he was a man of literary taste, an original, ready writer and especially adapted to the work of graphic reporting. His talents were there- fore utilized in that direction, and being successful in his new line, he also performed work on the regular staff of the " Journal." Mr. Guild, soon after, also became a frequent contributor to the " Knicker- bocker Magazine," then under the man- agement of Louis Gaylord Clarke, and other leading periodicals. He next ac- cepted a position as chief clerk in the office of the' "Evening Traveller," and in 1856 was admitted to partnership in the firm. Here his energies and inventive genius found scope in ways and means employed to impart more push to the motor power controlling metropolitan journalism. He introduced the display bulletin board, which at that time save a shock to some GUILD. GUNN. 269 conservative journals, it being then re- garded as exceedingly undignified to ad- vertise themselves in that manner. On January i, 1859, the "Commercial Bulletin " made its appearance, with Curtis Guild as editor and sole proprietor. He was already widely and favorably known as a prolific writer. In his travels through the West he had noticed that none but New York papers reached the hotels and offices of the towns and cities there. The idea of a commercial paper to be issued from Boston, representing the manufacturing, commercial and business interests of New England, suggested itself to him. For half a century or more the merchants and business men of the country had looked principally to New York for their supply of purely mercantile news, and not until the judicious enterprise of Mr. Guild in 1859 did this state of things begin to pass away. To compete successfully with his ener- getic contemporaries, he realized that his paper must be ably edited, contain valuable news, and be brought directly to the notice of those he assnmed to please. To secure the latter object, he introduced new and entirely original features of journalism into the "Commercial Bulletin." Special de- partments were created, and all its features were distinctive and its style and make-up original. It was a decided success from the start, and the unwearied zeal and com- prehensive genius of Curtis Guild made that success permanent. In 1867 Mr. Guild spent the summer in Europe, and his volume, " Over the Ocean," published by Lee & Shepard, gave the public the advantage of his travel. Si.x years later " -Abroad Again " was received by the public with equal favor, and in 1888 a third volume, entitled " Britons and Mus- covites," was issued. These volumes all have an extensive sale, and are among the most popular books of travel issued. Mr. Guild has never sought nor listened to calls to offices of political preferment. He has simply served his native city twice as member of the common council and once as alderman. He is known as a true "Bostonian," and is proud of the title ; is an enthusiastic admirer of his city, her in- stitutions and peculiar characteristics. As a patriotic antiquarian, he is ever found in opposition to the unnecessary destruction of ancient landmarks. Mr. Guild was married in September, 1858, to Sarah C, daughter of D. G. W. and Abby (Crocker) Cobb, grand-daughter of General David Cobb, aide to General Washington through the revolutionary war. His eldest son, Curtis (niild, Jr., was gradu- ated with honor from Harvard in the class of 1 86 1, and was class orator. His second son, Courtenay Guild, graduated at Har- vard with honors in the class of 1886. Mr. Guild has been president of the Commercial Club of Boston, being one of its founders ; president of the Bostonian Society, in which the Boston Antiquarian Club was merged, and president of " The Club of Odd Volumes." He has also been successful as a public speaker, as his oration at the centennial celebration in 1878, at Norwood, the birth- place of his father, his address to Char- lotte Cushman on the occasion of her fare- well to the stage, in Boston, in 1875, and the first address delivered by him to the English High School Association of Bos- ton, in 18S2, bear witness. Besides being a practical and successful business man, Mr. Guild's literary tastes have led him to the acquisition of a re- markably choice and unique Hbrary, con- taining many of what are known as " extra illustrated " or " extended " works, some of which are very valuable ; also rare and curious portraits, engravings, documents and manuscripts, and a choice collection of autographic memorials of great interest. GUNN, James a., the son of Henry A. and Susan Gunn, was born in Mon- tague, Franklin countv, September 3, 1S48. He received his early education in the public schools of his native town and at Wesleyan .\cademy, Wilbraham. Until about nineteen years of age he was engaged in working upon the home farm. In 1873 he commenced business in Turner's Falls, in the grocery and provision trade, under the firm name of Clapp & Co. In 1876 he bought his partner's interest, and carried on the business alone till 1887, when he disposed of it altogether. Mr. Gunn has held the office of select- man, assessor, overseer of the poor, and road commissioner for Turner's Falls. He is a trustee of the Crocker Institution for Savings, and has been a member of its finance committee and investment board for many years. He is also treasurer of the George F. Littlefield Shoe Company at the present time. In 1882 he was elected a member of the Legislature. Mr. Gunn married, in 1875, Ellen C, daughter of Jeremiah and Mary Dugan of Montague, who died in 1886. He has two sons : Wilford J. and James A. Gunn, Ir. 270 GUNN. HADLOCIv. GUNN, Levi J., son of Levi and Delia Dickinson Gunn, was born in Conway, Franklin county, June 2, 1830. He ob- tained his education in the public schools. Early in life he turned his attention to manufacturing, and his first connection in business was with Charles H. Amidon, at Greenfield, in 1S61. In 1868 a company was organized under the name of Miller's Falls Company, for the manufacture of hardware, of which he has been treasurer for twenty-one years. Mr. Gunn was married in Sunderland, October 5, 1853, to Esther C, daughter of Cephas and Miranda C. Graves. Of this union was one child : Levi \V. Gunn. Mr. Gunn has been called to serve his town in various municipal offices, select- man, assessor, etc. He was elected to the state Senate in 1S85, and re-elected in 1886. He was a member of the Republican state central committee nine years, and also served as a member of the governor's council two years. He is a director of the Franklin County National Bank, and trustee and member of the investment committee of Greenfield Savings Bank. HADLOCK, Harvey Deming, was born at Cranberry Isles, Hancock county, Me., on the 7th day of October, 1845, on the estate which has been in the possession of his family for three generations. His father, Capt. Edwin Hadlock, was born at Cranberry Isles, January 17, 1814, and in early life followed the sea. He married Mary Ann Stanwood, born July 22, i8i6, by whom he had a family consisting of three sons : William Edwin, Clilbert and Harvey Deming. The education of Mr. Hadlock up to November, 1856, was under the instruction of his mother, who was a woman of superior intellect and education, and in the schools of his native place. His parents then moved to Bucksport, Maine, so that he could enjoy the educational advantages afforded by the East Maine Conference Seminary at that place, in which institu- tion and under private instructors he pur- sued an advanced course of classical study which he supplemented with a partial scientific course in the Maine State Semi- nary (now Bates College), and in the scien- tific department of Dartmouth College. In September, 1863, he commenced his legal studies in the office of Hon. Samuel F. Humphrey, at Bangor, Maine, and such was his application, that on the 6th day of January, 1865, having pursued the requi- site course of study (designed as a three years' course), and passed the required ex- amination, he was in that city, admitted an attorney and counselor of the supreme judicial court of Maine, and commenced practice at Bucksport, where he continued to reside until 1S6S, with the exception of six months in the fall and winter of 1865 and '66, when he studied civil and maritime law at New Orleans, under the direction of the late Christian Roselius. He then moved to Boston, where, on the 7th of October, 1868, he was admitted an attorney and counselor of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts, and commenced practice in that city. HARVEY D, HADLOCK. In the spring of 1869 he was admitted to practice in the courts of New York, and was engaged as counsel in an important case in the United States circuit court, which caused him to reside in New York until the following autumn. He then returned to HAGAR. HAGAR Boston and resumed liis practice, wliich was largely in criminal cases. In 187 I, the construction of the ]5ucks- port & Bangor Railroad being contem- plated, he returned to Bucksport and con- tinued in practice there for about ten years, during which period of time he was engaged as counsel in some of the most important cases tried in Maine, and established his reputation as an accomplished jurist and elocjuent advocate, and earned for himself a leading position among the ablest men at the Maine bar. He was for several years a director, and acted as counsel for the B. & B. R. Co. In January, 18S1, Mr. Hadlock movetl to Portland, where he resided until April, 1887 ; and in the number and importance of the cases in which he was retained while in Portland, he maintained his high rank as a jurist and advocate. He now resides in Boston, in the practice of his profession, which includes cases in the state and federal courts of Maine, Massachusetts, and New York, and in the supreme court of the United States. January 26, 1865, Mr. Hadlock married Ale.xene L. Goodell, of Sears])ort, Maine, by whom he has had three children, two of whom are now living : Inez Blanche and AVebster Deming Hadlock. His eldest son, Harvey Deming Hadlock, Jr., a youth of rare promise of some fifteen years, acci- dentally six it liimself while handling a revolver, on the 22d day of January, 1886. HAGAR, Daniel Barnard, son of Isaac and Eunice (Stedman) Hagar, was born in Newton Lower Falls, Mitldlese.x county, April 22, 1820. His ancestors were among the earliest settlers of Water- town. His early educational training was .se- cured in the village district school and in the private academy of Seth Davis, in West Newton, who lived to the age of one hundred years. He prepared for college in Newton, chiefly under private tutors, and entering Union College, was gradu- ated in the class of 1843. When a boy he spent several years in a paper mill in his native village, and was later a clerk in a Boston dry-goods store two years. While connected with college he taught in the academy at Schuylerville, N. Y., and at Kingston, N. Y. Mr. Hagar was Phi Beta Kappa, A. B., and commencement orator in 1843 ; A. M., 1846; Ph. D., 1 87 I — degrees conferred by Union College — principal of academy, Canajoharie, N. Y., five years — i844-'48 inclusive ; Norwich Academv, N. Y., i84S-'49 ; ICliot high school, Jamaica Plain, i849-'65 ; and of the state normal school, Salem, since 1865. He was also superintendent of schools, Canajoharie, N. Y., 1846 to '48 ; member of the school board, Salem, 1866 to '75 ; president of Montgomery County (N. Y.) Teachers' Association, 1846 ; of the Nor- folk County Teachers' As.sociation, 1853 and '54 ; of the Massachusetts State Teachers' Association, 1856 and '58 : of the American Institute of Instruction, i860 and '61 ; of the American Normal Association, 1858 ; of the National Teach- ers' Association, 187 1 ; of the National DANIEL B. HAGAR Council of Education, 1885 and '86 ; ])res- ident of the Y. M. C. A. of Salem ; vice- president of Essex Institute, Salem ; Unit- ed States presidential elector for Massa- chusetts, 1884; editor of "Massachusetts Teacher," 1852 to '56 and 1865 to '70 ; author of " An Abstract of the Proceed- ings of the Massachusetts Teachers' Asso- ciation from 1S45 to 1880 ; " of numerous educational addresses, and of a series of mathematical te.xt-books (Philadelphia, 1871). Dr. Hagar is, and has been for a long series of years, one of the strong pillars in the temple of our state and national edu- cation. He has been tempted to leave -'-7- HAIGH. HAILE. normal school work by invitations to other fields, but has uniformly declined ; among these, the position of state commissioner of schools in Rhode Island, supervisor of public schools in the city of Boston, and superintendent of schools in four other cities of the Commonwealth. Dr. Hagar was married in Schenectady, N. Y., August 28, 1845, to Mary Bradford, daughter of John and Augusta R. (Porter) McKim. Of this union were seven chil- dren : John McKim, Mary Gertrude, Antoinette, Hamilton Rice, Mary, Walter Calvin and Anna Gertrude Hagar. HAIGH, JOHN, son of George and Han- nah (Parkinson) Haigh, was born in Duk- infield, Cheshire, England, December 31, 1832. He obtained his early knowledge of books in the grammar schools of his native land. At the age of seventeen he was ap- prenticed to the trade of calico printer. He came to America in December, 1855, and in the early part of 1856 engaged with the Pacific Mills, Lawrence. In 1873 he severed his connection with the above firm, to take charge of the printing department of the Middlesex Bleachery & Dye U'orks at Somerville, of which he has since be- come half owner. Mr. Haigh was married in Perkins, Maine, April 12, 1859, to Lucy Jane, daughter of Captain Redford D. and Jane (Bowker) Tallman. They have no chil- dren. Mr. Haigh has always been associated with the Methodist Episcopal church, not as a communicant, but as a thorough be- liever in its governmental policy. Liberal always, and charitable toward others of different denominational views, he has been a strong supporter of his special choice, generous in church contributions, whether for local or missionary interests, and this liberality has kept full pace with his in- creasing means. Mr. Haigh has long been an enthusiastic devotee and worthy e.xemplar of the Ma- sonic fraternity, which he joined in Law- rence in 1859. He has been master of two lodges, and by regular election has been at the head of chapter, council, and commandery ; in the grand chapter was a district deputy, grand high priest, and deputy grand high priest — holding the latter place in 1878. For several years he was grand recorder of the grand council of Royal and Select Masters, and from this was elected most illustrious grand master three years consecutively. In 1883 he was elected grand conductor of the general grand council, R. & S. M., of the United States for three years. He is the repre- sentative of grand bodies in chapter, council, and commandery organizations, and is an active member of the supreme council of the United States in the Ancient JOHN HAIGH. Accepted Scottish Rite, being also past most puissant sovereign grantl commander of that body. His private library at his residence in Somerville is perhaps the first in choice Masonic literature in New Eng- land. His cabinets of rare coins, medals, and other articles of virtii^ are the result of intelligent study and judicious selection, eminently characteristic of their owner. In politics Mr. Haigh is a pronounced Republican, but is not an aggressive poli- tician in his views or action. HAILE, William Henry, son of Wil- liam and Sabrana (Walker) Haile, was born in Chesterfield, Cheshire county, N. H., September 23, 1833. His father was a suc- cessful merchant and manufacturer, and was the first Republican governor of New Hampshire. When Mr. Haile was very young, his father removed to Hinsdale, N. H., and in that town his boyhood was passed. There he attended the public schools, and subse- quently prepared for college at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N. H. He HAILE. HALE. 273 Studied about a year and a half at Amherst College, but left that institution to enter Dartmouth College, where he graduated with high honor in 1856. After graduation, he studied law in Springfield, Mass., and was admitted to the bar and practiced for a short time in Boston, after which he re- moved to Hinsdale, N. H., to engage in the-manufacture of woolen goods, and be- came a partner with his father and Hon. Rufus S. Frost, of Chelsea, under the firm name of Haile, Frost & Co. The business of this partnership has been transferred to a corporation called The Haile & Frost Manufacturing Co., of which Mr. Haile is now president. He was married, January i, 1861, to .Amelia L., daughter of Ethan S. and Louisa WILLIAM H. HAILE. Burns Chapin, of Springfield. Their chil- dren have been : William Chapin, born December 2, 1863 (died August 14, 1864), Alice and Henry Chapin Haile. Mr. Haile was a representative in the New Hampshire Legislature from the town of Hinsdale in 1865, '66 and '71. In 1872 Mr. Haile removed his residence to Spring- field, of which city he was elected mayor in 1881. In 1882 and '83 he represented the ist Hampden senatorial district, in the state Senate, serving as chairman of the com- mittee on militarv affairs, and of the committee on mercantile affairs, being also a member of the committees on banks and banking, and manufactures. Mr. Haile has always esteemed it a priv- ilege and a duty to render his full share in poUtical work expected of a good citizen, and has long been recognized as a wise counselor among the leaders of the Repub- lican party. His recent nomination by the Republican state convention to the lieu- tenant - governorship emphasizes the fact that he belongs to a class of men whose personal character and unquestioned integ- rity invite the suffrages of those who desire to unite in their public officials good morals as well as good politics. HALE, Edward Everett, a son of Nathan Hale, LL. D., and Sarah Preston (Everett) Hale, was born in Boston, April 3, 1822. After studying at the Boston Latin school, he was graduated at Harvard in 1839. He then spent two years as an usher in the Latin school, and prepared for the ministry with the Rev. Samuel K. Lothrop, and the Rev. John G. Palfrey. In 1842 he was licensed to preach by the Boston Association of Congregational Ministers, after which he spent several years in ministering to various congrega- tions, passing the winter of 1844 and '45 in Washington. His first regular settle- ment was in 1846, as pastor of the Church of the Unity in Worcester, where he re- mained until 1856. In that year he was called to the South Congregational (Uni- tarian) church in Boston, where he still remains. Mr. Hale's influence is extensively felt in all philanthropic movements. Few men are called upon so frequently in social and benevolent circles, and none respond with more alacrity to the calls of sympathetic and practical deeds of charity than this large- hearted, wise and diligent worker. His co- operation in the organization of beneficent enterprises is a guarantee of their worth and success. His book, " Ten Times One is Ten " (Boston, 1870), led to the estab- lishment of clubs devoted to public spirit, which are now scattered throughout the United States, with chapters in FZurope, Asia, Africa, and the islands of the Pacific. These associations have a membership that is supposed to exceed fifty thousand in number, and are called " Harry Wads- worth clubs." They have for their motto : " Look up and not down ; look forward and not back ; look out and not in ; and lend a hand." The " Look-up Legion," one of these organizations among the 274 HALE. HALE. Sunday-schools, includes upwards of five thousand members. He also has taken great interest in the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, of which he is one of the councilors, and is a frequent contributor to " The Chau- tauquan." Mr. Hale has served his col- lege as a rriember of the board of over- seers for successive terms, and as preacher to the university, and has been very active in advancing the interests of Harvard. He has also held the office of president of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and in 1879 re- ceived the degree of S. T. D. from his alma mater. As a boy he learned to set type in his father's printing office, and he has served on the " Daily Advertiser " in every capac- ity, from reporter to editor-in-chief. Be- fore he was of age he wrote his full share in the monthly issues of the "Monthly Chronicle " and the " Boston Miscellany.'" In later years he edited the " Christian Examiner " and also the " Sunday-school Gazette." In 1869 he founded, with the American Unitarian Association, " Old and New," for the purpose of giving wider currency to liberal Christian ideas through the medi- um of a literary magazine. Si.x years after- wards this journal was merged into " Scrib- ner's Monthly." In 1886 he again returned to journalism, and began the publication of " Lend a Hand : a Record of Progress and Journal of Organized Charity." As a writer of short stories, Mr. Hale has achieved signal distinction. His " My Dou- ble, and How He Undid Me," published in the " Atlantic Monthly " in 1859, at once caught the popular fancy. "The Man AVithout a Country " had a large circulation. Among the bsst known of Mr. Hale's numerous literary productions may be named the following : " Letters on Irish Emigration" (1852), "Kansas and Ne- braska " Europe ' Country (1869), Stories " " Philip (•854), Ninety Days' Worth of (1861), "The Man Without a (1868), "The Ingham Papers" " His Level Best, and other (1870), " In His Name " (1874), Nolan's Friends" (New York, 'What Career?" (1878), "The Life of Oeorge ^Vashington " (New York, 1887), " Ups and Downs," "Franklin in France" (2 vols., Boston, 1888), " How they lived in Hampton " (Boston, 1888). October 13, 1852, at Hartford, Conn., Mr. Hale married Emily Baldwin, daugh- ter of Thomas C. and Mary Foote (Beecher) Perkins. Their children are : Ellen Day, Arthur, Charles (deceased). Edward Everett, Philip Lesley, Herbert Dudley, Harry Kidder (deceased) and Robert Beverly Hale. HALE, Jeremiah Ballou, son of Gardner and Ann S. (Ballou) Hale, was born in what was Smithfield, Providence county, R. I., February 22, 1830. He obtained his education in public and private schools of Taunton, Mass., and at Adelphi Academy, North Bridgewater, now Brockton. His father needing him in his cotton factory, his schooling was stopped for a more convenient time to finish — which never came. At sixteen years of age he was put in charge of the carding and spinning department ; at eighteen went to Prattvilie, Alabama, to take a much larger charge in the same business, staying there three and a half years. In 1852 he re- turned, and entered the employ of the Union Straw Works, Foxborough, for six years. Next we find him superintendent ^'■- ,^|H^^^H^n^Hp JEREMIAH B, HALE. of the Bay State Straw Works, Middle- borough, remaining there four years, then four years again at F'oxborough with his old employers. In 1866 he moved to Medfield, entering into partnership with Warren Chenery, in the straw and |5alm-leaf hood business. After one year he leased the factory for HALL. HALL 2/5 three years, and took sole charge of the business, buying all the machinery, selling his goods in Boston and New York. In 1870 he bought the whole property where he still lives. His business was prosperous up to 1873 ; from then to 1887, it being poor, he turned to the insur- ance business, during this time spending most of two years in copying and arrang- ing the town records from 1649 to 1875, a work which has been much commended by those competent to judge. He was ap- pointed postmaster of Medfield in 1880, holding the office five years. He is now general manager of the Excelsior Straw Works in Medfield. Mr. Hale was married in North Attle- borough in March, 1848, to Eliza 15., daugh- ter of William and Betsey (Cole) Grover, of Mansfield, who died in 185 1. Of this union two children were born, who died in infancy. His second marriage was in Med- way, in June, 1852, to Mary Jane, daugh- ter of George and Mary (Tolman) Plimp- ton, of Sharon. Of this union there were four children : Merton and Clarence, who died young at Fo.xborough, Charles Everett (drowned in 1881, aged nineteen), and l.illian J. (now wife of Dr. C. E. Bigelow, of Leominister). Mr. Hale's public spirit has been re- warded by being called upon to serve his fellow-citizens in the several capacities of selectman, assessor, overseer of the poor, and town clerk. He has been a member of the school committee for nine years, and justice of the peace nineteen years. His judgment and business tact have fre- quently been recognized in local affairs of importance — notably in serving as chair- man of the committees for the remodeling of the Baptist church, with which he has long been connected, and the rebuilding of the Medfield town house. HALL, Granville Stanley, son of Ciranville Ba.sc(mi and Abby (Beals) Hall, was born in Ashfield, Franklin county, in 1846. His preparatory educational training was received in Sanderson's Academy, Ashfield, and in Williston Seminary, East- hampton, where he was fitted for college. He was graduated from Williams College in the class of 1867. Subsequently he spent five years in study in the universities of Europe. Entering upon his life work as an edu- cator, he first accepted a professorship in Antioch College, Ohio, from which he was called to Harvard, and later to Johns Hnpkins Universitv, where he has held the chair of psychology seven years. Profes.sor Hall has also held the position, to which none but the most critical scholar may aspire, that of editor of the " American Journal of Philology," which was founded by him. He was married in Berlin, Germany, in 1880, to Cornelia, daughter of James and Julia (Brigham) Fisher. Of this union are two children : Robert and Julia Hall. Professor Hall was the unanimous choice of the trustees of the new Clark University, lately founded by Jonas G. Clark, Worces- ter, as the first man to fill the presidential chair. He needs no introduction to the scholars of this country. The recognized head of one of the great departments of hurnan knowledge and research, he ex- changes one place of usefulness and influ- ence for another, and becomes the respon- sible head of the intellectual side of this new university. President Hall, immediately after closing his professorship in the early summer of 1 888, assumed the duties of his new position. In August of the same vear he went to Europe, where he spent ten months in the careful study of the systems of all tlie leading universities on the Continent and in England. He returned in the spring of 1889, and formulated the general scheme of the university, which, when carried out, will place this institution on an elevated plane — having no academic course, but rather supplying advantages for post- graduate study, research, and publication, in the line of pure and abstract science, and in extending the boundaries of human knowledge. HALL, James Morris Whiton, son of Samuel Whitney and Margaret Bass (Knowlton) Hall, was born in Boston, September 28, 1842. Lyman school. East Boston, l!oston Latin school, and Roxbury Latin school furnished the advantages for his education. He began business life as clerk with the house of Edward D. Peters & Co., who were succeeded by George H. Peters & ("()., and after dissolution, the present firm of Wellman, Hall & Co., wholesale lumber merchants. Mr. Hall is at the present time the head of the Boston house. He was married in West Medford, June 23, 1868, to Orianna Antoinette, daughter of Horace A. and Sarah (Smith) Breed. Eight children have blessed this union : Alice Knowlton, Marion Breed, Helen Whitne)', Orianna Phillips, James Ran- dolph, Stanley Breed, Henry Bass, and Horace Whitn'ev Hall. 2/6 HALL. HALL. Mr. Hall has been superintendent of the Shepard Sunday-school eight years, and is deacon of the Shepard Memorial (First Congregational church), Cambridge ; was trustee of Cambridge Savings Bank four years ; is director Howard National Bank, Boston ; president Cambridge Club ; presi- dent Bay State Lumber Association ; was president Congregational Club, Boston, in 1885 ; is trustee Sunday-school Publishing Society ; member advisory board, Avon Place Orphan Home, Cambridge ; director of Congregational Union. He was a mem- ber of the Cambridge board of aldermen in 1S79, and was in 1880 elected the city mayor. He is now a member of its board of water commissioners. Mr. Hall has long been identified with the Republican party and was a ]5residen- tial elector in 1880 on the Garfield and Arthur ticket. Mr. Hall settled in Cambridge after his marriage. His father's maternal ancestor, Mary Hall, settled in Cambridge in 1639, where lands were granted her. Her sons settled in Medford, where her descendants are now found, and in Cornish, N. H., from which place his father came to Bos- ton about 1817. His mother's ancestor, Joseph Bass, married Ruth Alden, tlaugh- ter of John Alden, and settled in Braintree and Boston, where his mother's ancestors have always since lived, and several of whom were prominently identified with the revolutionar}' war. H.ALL, Luther, son of Thomas and Hepsey Hall, was born in Dennis, Barn- stable county, November 5, 1842, where he received a common school education, ob- tained at intervals between the demands of farming, which was his first occupa- tion. He twice enlisted in the civil war, and by Governor Andrew was commissioned captain of the militia. For several years he was engaged as a merchant, but soon re- turned to his original vocation, and became extensively interested in the cultivation of cranberries. He was made chairman of the school committee and superintendent of schools. He held the office of postmaster ten years, resigning the office in 1885. On the 27th of May, 1869, :\[r. Hall was married to Minerva H., daughter of Howes and Minerva (Bassett) Chapman. Their children are : Frank ]5urnham, Ner- nie Abby, and Howard Luther Hall. His present residence is at his birth- place, in Dennis, where he is justly held in high esteem by a large circle of friends. HALL, Richard HENRN , son of Rich- ard H. and Mary A. (Bates) Hall, was born in Norton, Bristol county, November 7, 1830. He is a direct descendant of George Hall, one of the founders of the town of Taunton, in 1639, through his great grand- father, Brian Hall, who was born in Taun- ton, July 9, 1727, and who removed to the RICHARD H HALL adjoining town of Norton (formerly a part of Taunton) about the year 1755. He is also connected by intermarriage with most of the early families of 'I'aunton. He received his education in the public schools of Norton, at Bristol Academy, Taunton, and at Pierce Academy, Middle- borough. At the age of nineteen he entered the employ of Crocker Brothers & Co. (now the Taunton Copper Company). He re- mained with this company for thirty-four years, filling the various positions of refiner, chemist, metallurgist, superintendent and general manager. In 1884, on account of ill health, he resigned his position with the company, and after spending some time in Kurope, was elected mayor of Taunton, in December, 1885. Mr. Hall was married in Norton, Janu- ary 3, 1859, to Susan Jane, daughter of James C. and Lydia T. (Packard) Drake. Of this union were three children : Henrv HALL. HALLOWELL. -// Liiidsey, Frederick Stanley and I'klward George Hall. Mr. Hall has been identified for many years with the various Masonic organiza- tions ; has been connected with St. Thomas Episcopal church, and one of the vestry- men for many years, still holding the rela- tion. He has been one of the board of trustees of the Bristol County Savings Bank for many years, and is one of the board of trustees of the Morton hospital. He is serving his third term as mayor of Taunton, having been elected the present year without opposition, being nominated by both the Citizens' and Republican conventions. Previous to his first elec- tion as mayor, his only political service had been that of common councilman of Taunton, and member of the Norton school board. Mr. Hall has exhibited many eminent qualifications for the various positions he has been called to fill, and the executive ability shown has deservedly won for him much commendation. HALL, William T., son of Zachariah and Hannah (Tucker) Hall, was born in Chelsea, Suffolk county, November 7, 1822. °<«*b. 'fit* riiMiH*' WILLIAM T. HALL, He was educated in the public schools of that part of Chelsea which is now Revere, and at Phillips Academy, .Andover. He chose the occupation of farmer, ami is still living on the farm on which he was born. AVith the exception of a few years at sea in early life, he has always followed this business, dealing principally in milk and fruit. He is now quite largely inter- ested in real estate. Mr. Hall was married in Francestown, N. H., October 4, 1854, to Betsey S., daugh- ter of Moses W. and Louisa (Lawrence) Eaton. His second marriage was in Revere, Llecember 31, 1874, with Fannie J., daugh- ter of Cyrus and Betsey P. Goss. He has five children : William E., Arthur L., Alice L., Hannah F. and Harvey W. Hall. Mr. Hall was elected to the oiifice of town clerk and assessor in 1855, and held the office of town clerk for thirty consecu- tive years He was elected town treasurer in 1865, holding this office twenty years. He is also justice of the peace. Mr. Hall served in the House of Repre- sentatives in 1867. He issued the call for, and presided at, the first Republican meet- ing ever held in North Chelsea (1856). He was appointed and acted as enumer- ator for taking the state census and statis- tics fur the years 1855, '65 and '75. HALLOWELL, NORWOOD PENROSE, son of Morris Longstreth and Hannah (Penrose) Hallowell, was born in Philadel- phia, Pa., April 13, 1839. In early life he became a conforming member of the religious society of Friends, and prepared for college in the schools of that order. He was graduated from Harvard University in the class of 1861. After graduation he connected himself with the commission house of \\'atts, Crane & Co., New York, subsequently with his brother Richard, forming the partnership of Hallowell Brother.s, followed by another change to Hallowell, Prescott & Co., — Ixith in New York City. In 1869 he came t(il5oston and has since that time conducted the business of wool-broker in that city, without a partner. In 1886 he was elected vice-president of the National Bank of Commerce of Boston and now holds that position. On January 27, 1868, in New York City, he married Sarah Wharton Haydock. He has six children : Anna Norwood, Robert Haydock, Norwood Penrose, John White, Esther Fisher and Susan Morris Hallowell. June 10, 1861, Mr. Hallowell received a commission as 1st lieutenant, 20th regi- ment, Massachusetts volunteers. He was engaged in the battle of Ball's Bluff, and was jiromoted captain, November 26, 1861. HALLOWELL. HALLOW ELL. He was present at the siege of Yorktown, under fire at \\'est Point, in action at Fair Oaks and at Savage's Station, and was wounded at Glendale. Later he was pres- ent at the battle of Malvern Hill, and sub- sequently took part in a reconnoissance from Harrison's Landing to that place ; was in the third line of battle at Chantilly, and at Antietani, September 17, 1862, was severely wounded. April 17, 1863, he was appointed lieu- tenant-colonel, S4th Massachusetts, and May 30, at the request of Governor John A. Andrew, he accepted the colonelcy of the 55th Massachusetts — the second Mas- sachusetts colored regiment brought into service — and was stationed for a brief period at Newbern, N. C. He took part in the reduction of Fort Wagner. November 2, 1863, he was honorably dis- charged from the service for disability arising from wounds. He took up his resi- dence in Medford in 1869, where he has since resided, an active mover in all phil- anthropic and benevolent enterprises, a citizen much respected for his integrity and manly advocacy of what he considers worthy projects. A striking illustration of devotion to principle was manifest in the conduct of Colonel Hallowell and his brother, General Edward N. Hallowell, when they voluntarily offered their services in connection with the first colored regi- ments raised during the war. The preju- dice against the employment of colored troops was very strong in the North, as well as the South. Their gallant bearing, however, in the field, and loyal devotion to the Union cause, ilid much to reconcile the public mind to the wisdom of the move, and the heroic death of Colonel Robert G. Shaw, while leading his command in the assault upon Fort Wagner, stirred the pub- lic heart to a just appreciation of their worth and service. The Hallowell brothers are entitled to lasting honor for the cour- ageous part they took in thus espousing the cause of the once despised race. The seed sown has borne abundant fruit. HALLOWELL, RICHARD PRICE, sun of Morris Longstreth and Hannah (Penrose) Hallowell, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., December 16, 1835. His early education was obtained at Haverford College, Pa. At an early age he entered at once upon the business with which he has ever since been connected, by engaging as a boy in the wool house of H. Robinson & Co., Philadelphia. He came to Boston in 1858, where he started busi- ness on his own account, forming the part- nership of Hallowell >.V- Hnwland. after- wards changed to Hallowell & Coburn, the present title. October 26, 1859, at Philadelphia, he was married to Anna Coffin, daughter of Ed- ward M. and Maria (Mott) Davis. Her mother was the daughter of James and Lucretia Mott. His children are : Maria, Penrose (deceased), James Mott, Lucretia Mott and Frank \\'alton Hallowell. Mr. Hallowell has long been identified with the leading movements for reform, and by wise counsel and energetic work has contributed not a little to popularizing what at first may have been considered ili- timed agitation of the vital questions which have done so much to enliven and regener- ate modern society. He was an abolition- ist of the Wende'll PhiUips-John Brown school, and since slavery was abolished has advocated the rights, without for- getting the duties, of labor. He has held official position in the New England Woman's Suffrage Association from the first day of its organization. He co-oper- ated with other free religionists in the or- ganization of the Free Religious Associa- tion of America, of which he was treasurer for many years. He has been a frequent contributor with his pen to the press, and has himself published two notable works upon the Quaker element in Massachusetts life — " The Quaker Invasion of Massachu- setts " (1883) and "The Pioneer Quakers " (1886). The two books cover an inter- esting but sad epoch in our colonial his- tory, from the time when brutality in the treatment of Quakers was a promment factor in the orthodo.x religion of Massa- chusetts, to 1724, when the Friends secured exemption from the iniquitous and oppress- ive tax levied for the support of the clergy. It is greatly to his credit that he has prac- tically reversed current history upon that subject. His loyalty to the oppressed has not been, however, confined to this most honorable and successful work. At a crit- ical time in the history of another despised and down-trodden people, he was honor- ably conspicuous. During our civil war, at the time the S4th regiment of Massa- chusetts volunteers was called into the ser- vice of the United States, a rendezvous camp was opened at Readville, by Captain, afterwards General, Edward N. Hallo- well, his younger brother. A line of re- cruiting depots for colored troops was established, running from Boston to St. Louis in the West, and F'ortress Monroe in the South. One cavalry and two infantry regiments, the 54th and S5th, were raised HAMILTON. HAMILTON. 2/9 and their ranks kepi at the maximum num- ber throughout the war, by unremitting efforts on the part of such men as Richard P. Hallowell and (leorge L. Stearns, both residents of Medford, backed by (iovernor Andrew, Lewis Hayden, Amos A. Law- rence, John M. Forbes, William Endicott, Jr., and men of like calibre. H.AMILTON, JOHN WILLIAM, son of the late Rev. \V. (_'. P. Hamilton of Ohio, and Henrietta M. (Dean) Hamilton, was born in \\'eston, Lewis county, Va., March i8, 1845. He was educated in the common schools in the different towns in Eastern Ohio, where his father had been appointed as pastor, and at Mount Union College, Ohio, where he was graduated in 1865. He sub- sequently entered Boston L^niversity, and was graduated in 1871. He was licensed to preach, June 3, 1S65, and joined the Pittsburg conference of the M. E. church the following April. After his graduation and before his admission to the conference, he was appointed agent for the endowment fund of Mount L'nion College. From 1866 to '68 he was pastor in New- port, one of the first settlements in Ohio ; was ordained deacon while a member of the Pittsburg conference ; was transferred to the New England conference in 1868, and appointed to the church in Maplewood, where he remained two years. At the close of this pastorate he w'as ordained elder, then went to Somerville for three years, and thence to Boston, becoming pastor of the First church in Temple Street, which was a union of the Grace church and the church in Hanover Street, a society hav- ing nine hundred members, and at. that time the largest church of the denomina- tion in New England. After three years' pastorate he became the founder and builder of the People's Church, one of the largest and widest known enterprises in the nation. It is probable that no single church enterprise in Boston ever enlisted the sympathies and support of more peo- ple, irrespective of their denominational preferences. Here he remained nine years — until the church was completed. Mr. Hamilton was first married in Cov- ington, Ky., December 24, 1873, to Julia Elisabeth, daughter of Rev. Gordon Bat- telle, D. D., and Maria L. (Tucker) Bat- telle. His second marriage was in Buf- falo, N. Y., December 18, 1888, with Emma Lydia Battelle, sister of his first wife. He has one child : Gordon Battelle Ham- ilton. He is prominently connected with the reform movements of the State ; presided in the state convention for the nomination of officers by the Temperance party, and has frequently declined the use of his name when brought forward by this party for the first place in the list of candidates for the state offices. He has been twice a member of the legislative conference of the Methodist Episcopal church. In the last session, held in the Metropolitan Opera House, New York, he was leader of the party which asked for the admission of wo- men to the conference. He was a prominent candidate for the episcopacy — receiving JOHN W HAMILTON. more votes than any other minister from New England who has not been elected to the high office. He is at present pastor of the Saratoga Street church, I-^ast Boston. He has been quite an extensive writer. His principal publications are : " Lives of the Kishoiis," " People's Church Pulpit," " Memorials of Jesse Lee and the Old Elm," and " The Hills and Homes of Somerville." He received the degree of master of arts from the Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., and the Baker Uni- versity in Kansas, in i88o, conferred upon him the degree of doctor of divinity, which he declined. In 1888, he was prof- 28o HAMILTON. fered the presidency of his alma mate,- in (-)hio, and a committee came to Boston to urge upon him the acceptance of the ottice. After careful consideration, he de- chned, preferring to remain in the pastorate. . H.AMILTON, Samuel K., son of Ben- jamm K. and Sarah (Carl) Hamilton, was born m Waterborough, York county, Mame, July 27, 1837. He was educated in the district school Limerick Academy, public high school' baco, Mame, and Chandler scientific school' Dartmouth College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1S59 and re- ceiyed the degree of master of science in 1&69. After his graduation he chose the pro- fession of law and pursued his legal studies in the office of Hon. Ira T. Drew at Alfred Maine. He was admitted to the York county bar in June, 1S72, and practiced in company with Mr. Drew at Alfred until 1867, when he remoyed to Biddeford Maine, and remained there till 1872 when he removed to Wakefield and opened an ottice m Boston, where he is still in nrac- tice. ' Mr. Hamilton was married in Newfield, Maine, February 13, 1867, to Annie E daughter (,f Joseph B. and Harriet N (""'") J^a^-'s- 'I'liey have no children Mr Hamilton was a member of the board of aldermen, Biddeford, 1870 and '71 • member of the Maine House of Representa- tives 1872; member of the \Yakefield school board nine years, si.x years of which he was chairman ; chairman of the board of select- men, 1887 and '88, and was for many vears chairman of the board of trustees of the Beebe town library, which position he .still holds. He has been treasurer of the Pine Tree State Club of Boston since its oraani- zation. " Mr. Hamilton was delegate to the na- tional Democratic convention in 1880 from the 5th congressional district of Ma.ssa- chusetts In 1883 when the people 'of Uakefield were about erecting a handsome brick school building, they voted unani- mously in open town meeting that the same should be called " Hamilton school building, in recognition of Mr. Hamilton's valuable services in behalf of the public schools. ' HAMMOND, Edward H., son of Ed ward and Lucy M. (Kimball) Hammond was born in Bradford, Esse.v county, Sep- tember 4, 1823. ' ' Receiving his early education in the public schools, he prepared for teaching HAMMOND. under preceptor Benjamin Greenleaf of Bradford, and afterward fitted for coUeee at Atkinson Academy, but was prevented ™Tt.'"'H"%-'°''^^*^ by the state of his health He first engaged in teaching in Haverhill in 1847, and permanently in i>S53, and later became the first principal of the A\ inter Street grammar school of that city. Here he remained until 1868 wlien he was appointed principal of the Bennett grammar school in Brighton which was annexed to Bo.ston in 1S74 He re-organized and consolidated that school in the present building, erected in 187 s_ 74, and continued in the service of the city of Boston at the head of that school un d the fall of 1882, when ill health obliged him to resign. He now lives in Groveland, retired from active duty, but still, as chairman of the school committee, maintains his interest in educational work. Mr. Hammond was married in Haver- hil in 1856, to Dollie A., daughter of }\illiam H. and Mary (Patten) Nichols I hey have no children. He was noble grand of Mutual Re- hef Lodge, I. O. O. F., Haverhill ; secre- tary \. M. C. A. of Haverhill ; chairman and secretary of the Rej^ublican town com- mittee, and chairman of the school board Groveland. He was also very influential in the establishment of the Groveland pubhc library in 1888, and is the first president of the board of trustees. During an experience of nearly thirty years in teaching, he has had charge of only two schools, and has never been without a position. HAMMOND, JOHN Wilkes, son of John Wilkes and .Maria Loui.sa (South- worth) Hammond, was born December 16 1837, in that part of Rochester, Plymouth county, now called .Mattapoisett. His father died when he was f^ve years old, and he was brought up in the village of Mattapoisett, attending the common district school. He was subsequently fit- ted for college in the academy in his na- tive village, and was graduated "from Tufts College m the class of 1861. He engaged in teaching in Stoughton in 1 86 1 and '62 ; in Tisburv, spriii".^ and summer of 1862, and left the school one morning in September of that year to en- list m company I, 3d regiment, Massa- chusetts volunteers (nine months' regi- ment). He returned in June, 1863; taught the high school in Wakefield and Melrose, and then choosing the profession of law' prosecuted his legal studies in the office of HAMMOND, HANNUM. 281 Sweetser & Gardner, Boston, and at the law school of Harvard University. He was admitted to the bar in March, 1861, practiced in Middlesex county, was ap- pointed to the bench of the superior court of Massachusetts, March jo, 1886, which position he still liokis. Judge HaniuKJiKl was married in Taun- ton, August 15, 1 866, to Clara Ellen, daughter of Benjamin F. and Clara (Fos- ter) Tweed. Of this union were three children : Frank Tweed, Clara Maria and John Wilkes Hammond, Jr. Judge Hammond was a member of the House of Representatives from Cambridge, 1872 and '73 ; was city solicitor of Cam- bridge by annual elections continuously from April, 1873, to March 10, 1886, when he resigned to accept the judgeship. His residence is Cambridgeport. Judge Hammond attributes his success in life to the careful and judicious training of a good mother. He is one of many cases which show that in this country it is possible for a boy without wealth or social distinction, by temperance, industry and perseverance, to acquire an education and win success in professional life. HAMMOND, Watson Freeman, s on of John and Catherine E. (Cushing) Ham- mond, was born in Boston, May 24, 1837. His early education was obtained in the common schools of Boston and Mashpee. He spent some years following the sea, whaling, and in the merchant service. He finally chose farming as a vocation, and settled in Mashpee, where he now resides. Mr. Hammond was married in South Sandwich, January 22, i860, to Rebecca C, daughter of Rev. Joseph and Abigail (Wickhams) Amos. They have seven chil- dren : Mary E., Charles H., Ellen W., Alice C, Lorenzo T., Edith L. and Carrie F. Hammond. Mr. Hammond was representative to the General Court in 1886. He is a deacon of the Baptist church at Mashpee. HANNUM, Leander Moody, son of Alexander C. and Laura A. Hannum, was born in Northampton, Hampshire county, December 22, 1837. He first attended school at Northani])- ton, afterward the grammar and high schools of Chico|3ee, and Williston Semi- nary at Easthampton. He left Williston Seminary at the age of seventeen, and passed two years in the mining fields of California, returning in 1856. He then entered the English and classical institute, Springfield, where he remained one year, then was two years with J. W. Hale &: Company, Springfield, as salesman in the wholesale grocery busi- ness, then until 1864 with Mr. Howe, of Howe's Sewing Machine, New York City. Coming to Cambridge, he engaged in busi- ness for himself — at first in the grocery, and also in the ice business. He is now extensively engaged in real estate enter- prises. Mr. Hannum was married in Cambridge, December 15, 1869, to Anne H. Demain, of that city. Of this union there are no children living. Mr. Hannum was a member of the com- mon council, Cambridge, 1873 ; alderman, 1874 and '75, and represented his city in the House of Representatives, 1876 and '77, serving in 1876 as chairman of the com- mittee on public buildings, and 1877 as chairman of the committee on street rail- ways. He was elected to the Senate, 1881 and '82, serving the last year as chairman of the committee on prisons, and state- house, also on the committee on insurance. He has served seven years as chairman of the Republican city committee, and since 1883 has been a member of the board of water commissioners. He was elected, and served for several years, as special com- missioner for Middlesex county. 282 HANSON. HARDING. Mr. Hannum is always in the front in public matters, is a prominent and widely known member in the order of F. & A. M., a member of Amicable Lodge, Cambridge Royal Arch Chapter, and Boston Com- maadery. His church connections are with the Third Congregational church, Cam- bridge, where he has served for many years as chairman of the parish com- mittee. HANSON, Charles Henry, son of Charles and Mary Folsom (Copp) Hanson, was born in Barnston, P. Q., July 7, 1844. His educational training was received in the conmion schools of Lowell. His first connection in business was with LTtlev, Bovnton tV Pickett, wholesale pro- vision merchants, Boston, in 1862. Here he remained a number of vears, and upon re- moving to Lowell, engaged in the teaming CHARLES H, HANSON. business. Later on he established the firm of C. H. Hanson & Co., dealers in horses, hay, straw and grain. On the 14th of June, 1866, at Nashua, N. H., Mr. Hanson was married to P211en Jane, daughter of Samuel and Elmina (Hadley) Smith. Of this union were three children : Charles H., Jr., Fred and Mamie Hanson — the two latter deceased. Mr. Hanson is a member of William North Lodge of Masons, chapter and coun- cil ; Middlesex Lodge of Perfection, Low- ell ; Joseph Cernean Lodge of Perfection, 14th degree; DeWitt Clinton Council of Princes, i6th degree; DeWitt Clinton Chapter of Rose Croi.x, iSth degree; De Witt Clinton Council of Kadosh, 30th de- gree ; Grand Consistory of the State of Massachusetts, 32d degree ; member of Merrimac Lodge, L O. O. F., and of Wam- esit Lodge, K. of P., and Lowell Lodge B. P. O. Elks. Li 1872 he was elected to the Lowell common council, and re-elected the follow- ing year. He was superintendent of streets in 1885 and '86, and a member of the lower branch of the state Legislature in 1888, serving as one of the committee on railroads. HARDING, ALPHEUS, son of Rev. Alpheus and Sarah (Bridge) Harding, was born January 12, 18 18, at New^ Salem, Franklin county. He there attended the public schools and the New Salem Acad- emy, from which institution he entered Amherst College in 1832, where he re- mained but a single year, being compelled by ill health to abandon his studies. In the winter of 1834 he taught a district school in Warwick, and in the spring of that year entered the country store of Jonathan Haskell & Co., in New Salem, in which, and in the store of Wetherell & Hamilton, of Petersham, he remained until the spring of 1841, when he bought the store in New Salem in which he first entered, where he remained as a trader and manufacturer of palm-leaf hats until 1856. During the fifteen years of his mercan- tile life in New Salem, he served as post- master, town clerk and treasurer, holding, a part of the time, also, the offices of chair- man of the boards of selectmen, assessors and overseers of the poor ; trustee of New Salem Academy (which he still retains). He represented the town in the Legislatures of 1 85 1 and '53, taking an active part in the long struggle which resulted successfully in the first election of Charles Sumner to the United States Senate. In August, 1856, he was appointed cash- ier of the Miller's River (now National) Bank of Athol, and removed to that place, where he still resides. In 1863 he was chosen to represent, in the Legislature, the 8th Worcester representative district, com- posed of the towns of Athol and Royalston, and again in 1867. During the session of 1867 he obtained a charter of the Athol Savings Bank, which commenced business in April of that year, of which institution HARDY. HARLOW. 283 he was made treasurer, which office he still retains. He served as cashier of the Miller's River Bank eleven years,_ until its conversion to the Miller's River National Bank, of which he was made president, which office he still holds, having been an officer of the two institutions thirty-three years. He was a member of the state Senate for the years 1879 and '80, and was a dele- gate to the national Republican conven- tion, at Chicago, in 1880. He has been interested in, and connected with, two of the principal manufacturing corporations of the town, and has seen the town of his adoption double in wealth and population. He was active in forming the Second L'nitarian church, and in building the beautiful edifice in which that society worships. While residing in New Salem, on the 6th of September, 1842, he married Maria P. Taft, of Dudley, Worcester county, daugh- ter of Reuben and Prudence (Healey) Taft, by whom he had four children, two of whom died in infancy — the others still live : Ella Maria (now wife of Col. A. L. Newman, president of the National Bank of the Commonwealth of Boston), and Wil- liam Piridge Harding, formerly teller of the Miller's River National Bank, but now a resident of Denver, Col. HARDY, John Henry, son of John and Hannah (Farley) Hardy, was born in HoUis, Hillsborough county, N. H., Feb- ruary 2, 1847. He attended the Hollis common schools, fitted for college at Appleton .-Vcademies at Mount Vernon, N. H., and New Ipswich, N. H. He entered Dartmouth College, 1866, and was graduated 1870, work- ing his way by teaching during vacations. He attended Harvard law school, studied law with R. M. Morse, Jr., Boston, while he was engaged in teaching in Chauncey Hall school, and was admitted to the Suf- folk bar, January, 1872. Mr. Hardy formed a partnership with (leorge W. Morse, the firm name being Morse & Hardy. This relation continued two years, after which he formed a partner- ship with Samuel J. Elder and Thomas W. Proctor, the firm name being Hardy, Elder & Proctor, which continued until his ele- vation to the bench. May, 1885, when he was appointed associate justice of the municipal court of the city of Boston. This position he still holds. His appoint- ment was eminently a wise one, as his mental balance better fits him for the bench than the bar. He enlisted at fifteen years of age in the 15th regiment. New Hampshire volun- teers, anil was at the siege of Port Hudson. Judge Hardy was married in Littleton, August 30, 1871, to Anna J. Conant, a lineal descendant of Roger Conant, who first settled at Salem, in colonial days, and who was the daughter of Levi and Anna (Whitney Mead) Conant. Of this union are two children : John H., Jr., and Horace D. Hard}-. Judge Hardy was elected to the House of Representatives from the Arlington district, 1883, and was counsel for the town of Arlington, 1873 to '85. He is a member of the New England Historic Genealog- ical Society. He worships with the Unita- rian Society. HARLOW, RUFUS KENDRICK, .son of Major Branch and Lurany (Keith) Har- low, was born March 28, 1834, in Middle- borough, Plymouth countv. He attended the public schools, and prepared for college at Pierce Academv in his native town. In 1865 he was gradu- ated from .\mherst College, and in 1868 RUFUS K. HARLOW. from the theological seminary in Bangor, Maine. He was ordained to the gospel ministry in his home church, the (.Central Congrega- tional, in Middleborough, October 15, 1868, ?84 HARRIS. HARRIS. having previously received a unanimous call to the pastorate of the St. Lawrence Street church, Portland, Me. Owing- to impaired health, this call was declined, but Mr. Harlow served this church as supply for thirteen months, when continued ill health forced him to suspend his ministe- rial labors for a year. Subsequently he supplied the First Con- gregational church in Belfast, for a year, and was invited to accept the pastorate of that church, but declined. In the latter part of 1 87 1 Mr. Harlow was called to the pastorate of the Evangelical Congrega- tional church in Medway, as associate pastor with the Rev. David Sanford. The call was accepted, and he was installed February 13, 1872. During his ministry the church has been blessed spiritually and materially, as evi- denced by the gain of one hundred and eighty-nine members, the remodeling of the edifice and beautifying of the grounds, and the amount of benevolent contribu- tions, the latter aggregating more than ten thousand dollars to January i, 1889. The church celebrated its semi-centennial September 7, 1888, and published a full re- port of the e.xercises, edited by the pastor. Several addresses and biographical sketches and discourses delivered by Mr. Harlow have been published. The rela- tions between pastor and people have been e.xceptionally cordial. HARRIS, Benjamin Winslow, son of William and Mary Winslow (Thomas) Harris, was born in East Bridgewater, Plymouth county, November 10, 1823. His father was a respected citizen, town officer, and member of the General Court four years. His mother was a lineal de- scendant of Kenelm Winslow, brother of Governor Winslow of the Plymouth Colony. Mr. Harris received his education in the public schools of his native town, the East Bridgewater Academy, and in the classical department of Phillips Academv, Andover, where he remained about two and a half years. For several years he taught school winters, and so procured the means of pursuing his studies. In April, 1847, he entered the Harvard law school, from which he was graduated in June, 1849, when he at once entered the law office of John P. Putnam (late justice of the superior court), in Boston, where he re- mained till the 12th of April, 1850, when he was admitted to practice. He went to East Bridgewater, June 22d of that year, and formed a law partner- ship with Hon. Welcome Young for one year, at the close of which he opened a law office on his own account, where he remained, with the exception of a few year.s, till the fall of 1864, securing a good practice and acquiring a county reputation as an able advocate On July I, 1858, Governor Banks ap- pointed Mr. Harris district attorney for the -southea.stern district, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. James M. Keith, of Roxbury. During the winter of i863-'4 Mr. Harris opened a law office in Barristers' Hall, Court Sijuare, Boston, and in the year fol- lowing associated himself in partnership BENJAMIN W. HARRIS. with Payson E. Tucker, a learned and able lawyer, under the firm name of Harris & Tucker. On the 20th of June, 1S66, he was ap- pointed collector of internal revenue for the 2d congressional district of Massachu- setts, which office he held until the con- solidation of the districts in 1872, when he returned to East Bridgewater, where he has ever since resided. In November, 1872, he was elected to Congress, as a Republican, to succeed Hon. Oakes Ames — and was re-elected in 1874, '76, '78 and '80, serving ten years. During this time he was a member of important committees — and in the 47th HAKRUB. HART. 28; ('ongress was chairman of the committee on naval affairs. On retiring from Congress, March 4, 1883, he actively resumed his legal prac- tice, his son, Robert O. Harris, becoming a member of the firm of Harris & Tucker. On the 7th of September, 1887, he was appointed by Governor Ames judge of probate and insolvency for the county of Plymouth, to succeed Hon. Jesse E. Keith, deceased, which office he now holds. The firm of Harris & Tucker was dis- solved January i, 1889, Mr. Harris and his son each having an ofifice in East Bridgewater, and Mr. Tucker continuing the business alone in Boston. Mr. Harris was married in Boston, June 4, 1850, to Julia A., daughter of Robert and Melinda (\N'ilbor) Orr, by whom he had four children, three of whom are now living : Robert O. Harris, of East Bridge- water, Mary M. Edson, wife of Charles H. Edson, of Whitman, Mass., and Alice M. White, wife of Hon. John D. White, of Louisville, Ky. Mrs. Harris died October 5, 1872- HARRUB, Fred Magoun, son of George W. and Mary Harrub, was born in Plympton, Plymouth county, July 2, 184.S. His early educational training was re- ceived in the common schools. In 1867 he be.gan business life as a tack manufacturer. Later on he became a dealer in carriages, sleighs and harnesses. Mr. Harrub was married in Plympton, January 14, 1868, to Juliet T., daughter of Ebenezer T. and Rebecca Dean. Of this union is one daughter, Mary L. Harrub. i\Ir. Harrub was elected representative to the General Court from the 4th Plym- outh representative district in 1883 and '84, serving on the committee on manufac- tures both years, and acting as chairman the latter year. He was elected selectman and assessor in 1879, and held those offices continuously by election until 1884. HART, Thomas Norton, was born on January 20, 1829, at North Reading, Middlesex county. His father was Daniel Hart, whose ancestors settled in Lynnfield. He died when the present mayor was a child, and is buried in Lynnfield. Mayor Hart's mother was Margaret Norton, a woman of exceptional refinement. Her father was Major John Norton, of Royals- ton, who fought in the revolution. Thomas N. Hart received a modest edu- cation, such as the country schools afford- ed in the thirties. In 1842 he came to Bos- ton to earn his living, and found employ- ment with Wheelock, Pratt & Co., drv- goods dealers. In 1844 he entered a hat store ; he became later on a partner in the firm of Philip A. Locke & Co. He after- wards founded the house of Hart, Taylor & Co., which became in its line one of the largest in the country. He retired from business some ten years ago, but soon after assumed the presidency of the Mount Vernon National Bank, which posi- tion he still holds. Mr. Hart was married at Boston, 1S50, to ICIisabeth, daughter of John and Elisa- beth (Potter) Snow, of Bowdoin, Maine. They have one child : a daughter. Mr. Hart is identified with many socie- ties. He is treasurer of the American LTnitarian Association, an officer in the Church of the Unity, a member of the Algonquin Club, of the Hull Yacht Club, and of many eleemosynary institutions. His city home is at 298 Commonwealth Avenue, his summer home at Galloupe's Point, Swampscott. In politics Mr. Hart has always been a loyal Republican. He was a member of the Boston common council in 1879, '80 and '81 ; of the Boston board of aldermen in 1882, '85 and '86. In 1886 he was nominated mayor by the Republican city convention, and received the like honor in 1887 and '88. He was elected in 188S, the official vote being Hart, 32,712 ; O'Brien, 30,836. From the outset he proclaimed the principle of equality, equal rights, and equal duties, as against government by fac- tion or for faction. He holds that the mis- sion of the Republican party is not so much to establish Republican party government as to secure good government. For this reason he believes that a Republican ad- ministration should not employ exclusively Republicans, though it should purge the public service of those who abuse the gen- erous policy of the Republican party. Mr. Hart was formally supported, in 1887 and '88, by independent conventions. He has never sought a nomination for office. HART, William H., son of William and Elizabeth (Bruce) Hart, was born in Lynn, Essex county, December 22, 1836. He received his early educational train- ing in the public schools of his native city. Choosing the profession of law, he entered Boston LTniversity law school, and was graduated in the class of 1874. Previous to this he had become acquainted with Ijusiness life in the shoe trade, in which he had been brought up, and in which he con- tinued up to the breaking out of the war of the rebellion. 286 HART. HARTWELL. He enlisted as a private soldier in the 1st Massachusetts heavy artiller)-, March 20, 1862 ; was promoted to sergeant, ist sergeant, and 2d lieutenant in that regi- ment. In 1864 he resigned his commission in the ist heavy artillery, and immediately joined the 36th regiment, United States colored troops, as captain. He was pro- moted to major and lieutenant-colonel of the 36th, and was breveted colonel of WILLIAM H. HART. Ignited .States volunteers by President Johnson. He commanded the 36th regi- ment for nearly two years of the three it was in service. He was for a time assis- tant adjt-ftant-general of a brigade in the 25th army corps, and was also assistant inspector-general of the same corps. He served continuously for four years and ten months, and during the whole time was on active duty. After his retirement from service he was a customs officer in Boston for several years. He is now in practice as attorney and counselor-at-law, with offices in Chelsea and Boston. He has always been an active politician in the Republican ranks, and has partici- pated extensively as a campaign speaker in all the campaigns, both state and national, for many years. He has, how- ever, held no political office and has never sought political preferment. He was com- mander of Post 35, G. A. R., Chelsea. 1878 ; since then has been aide-de-camp, judge- advocate and senior vice-commander of the department of Massachusetts, G. A. R. At the present time he is trustee and corporation counsel of the Chelsea Day Nursery and Children's Home ; corporation counsel of the Old Ladies' Home, Chelsea, and secretary of the Chelsea Mutual Bene- fit Association. He is also senior special justice of the Chelsea police court, justice of the peace, and vice-chairman of the Chelsea school board. Besides the campaign speaking cited, he has delivered many addresses and lectures upon various topics. He always speaks for some G. A. R. post on Memorial Day, and occasionally has spoken for three organizations on the same day, and has been compelled to decline as many more invitations to perform the same service. He has been in active practice since his admission to the bar in 1874. Colonel Hart was married in Spring- field, February 1, 1866, to Susan J., youngest daughter of Samuel and Susan (Waterman) Harris. Of this union are two children : Lucv Humphrey and Mar- ian Lovis Hart. Colonel Hart is a man of strong individ- uality and possessed of the necessary courage to defend his convictions. HARTWELL, BENJAMIN Hall, son of Benjamin Franklin and Knmia (Whitman) Hartwell, was born in .\cton, Middlesex county, February 27, 1S45. His preparatory education was obtained in the public schools and Lawrence Acad- emy, Groton, he having been graduated from the latter institution in the class of 1865. He entered Jefferson Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia, and was graduated in 1868. He immediately began the prac- tice of medicine in Troy, N. H., but re- moved to Groton Junction, Ayer, in 1869, where he is still in practice. Dr. Hartwell was married in .^yer, Sep- tember 10, 1879, to Helen E., daughter of the late Eusebius S. Clark (major of the 26th Massachusetts volunteers — killed at Winchester, Va., 1864) and Mary J. (Shat- tuck) Clark. He has no children. Dr. Hartwell was connected with the medical department, Massachusetts volun- teer militia, 10th regiment, on staff of Col- onel J. W. Kimball for three years; has been United States medical pension examiner since 1875 ; is a member of the Massachu- setts Medical Society, and corresponding secretary of the Massachusetts Medico- HAKTWELL. HARVEY. 287 Legal Societ)- ; is one of the medical examiners for Middlesex county, and presi- dent of Worcester North Medical Society at Fitchburg ; has served seventeen years on the school board — several years its chair- man ; is one of the trustees of Lawrence Academy, (iroton ; president of the Mid- dlesex North Savings Bank, and one of the directors of the National Bank of Ayer. He served one year in the Legislature (1888), acting on the committees on tinance and expenditures. Dr. Hartweli is a lineal descendant on the maternal side, in the fifth generation, from (Governor (iardner, and on the pater- nal from William Hartweli, who settled in Concord, Mass., coming from Kent, Eng- land, in 1636. HARTWELL, HARRIS C, son of Ben- jamin Franklin and Emma (Whitman) Hartweli, was born at Groton, Middlesex county, December 28, 1847. He was fitted for college at Lawrence Academy, Groton ; entered Harvard Col- lege in 1865, and graduated in the class ot 1869. After graduating, he studied law with Hon. Amasa Norcross in Fitchburg, and was admitted to the bar in 1872, when he- at once commenced the practice of law with him, under the firm name of Norcross & Hartweli, and still continues to practice under the same firm name. He -was city solicitor for the city uf Fitchburg from 1876 to '86 ; a member of the House of Representatives in 1883, '84 and '85, and a member of the Senate in 1887 and '88, and was re-elected in 1889, receiving at the hands of his fellow-mem- bers a unanimous vote for the presidency of that body. He was chairman of the House judiciary committee in 1885,' and chairman of the Senate judiciary commit- tee in 1887 and '88. He was married in Groton, November 22, 1877, to F>ffie M. F., daughter of Hon. Daniel Needham, of Groton, by whom he has one child : Norcross N. Hartweli. Mr. Hartweli has always taken a lively interest in all matters affecting the city of Fitchburg, and is an active member of the Worcester county bar. HARVEY, Edwin Bayard, son of Eben and Rozella (Winslow) Harvey, was born in Deerfield, Rockingham county, N. H., April 4, 1834. His early education was received in the common schools. Subsequently he at- tended the Military Institute, Pembroke, N. H., and the New Hampshire Conference Seminary, Northfield, N. H. He was graduated from the Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in the class of 1859. The year following he taught in Poultney Academy, Poultney, Vt. In i860 he was elected principal of Macedon Academy, Wayne county, N. Y., which position he resigned after two years' service, to accept the professorship of natural science in Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham. Li 1864 he entered the medical department of Har- vard Universit)'. After receiving the de- gree of doctor of medicine in 1866, he immediately commenced practice in West- borough, where he still resides. In 1872 he visited the principal universi- ties in Europe in the study of his profes- sion. He is widely known as a skillful practitioner ; has a large consultation EDWiN a MAKvEY. practice, and is recognized as the leading surgeon in his locality. For fifteen years he has been councilor of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and was its anniversary chairman in 1886 ; has been censor, orator, vice-president, and president of the Wor- cester District Medical Society. For nearly twenty years he has been a member of the school board, and at the present time is superintendent of schools. Lender his management, the schools have made great progress and taken rank with 288 IIARWOOD. HARWOOD. the best in the State. He is president of the board of trustees of the public hbrarv, and a trustee of the Westborough Savings Bank. In 1873 he was appointed trustee of the state reform school by Governor (iaston, and re-appointed by Governor Washburn, serving six years ; was elected to the House of Representatives in 1884, and re- elected in 1S85, serving on the committee of public charitable institutions, of which committee he was chairman during his second term. Durmg his first year in the Legislature he introduced the free text-book bill, and it was mainly through his persistent efforts, in the face of great opposition, that the bill became a law. He has always taken an active part in politics, both local and state, and is favor- ably known throughout the Commonwealth. He was married in Concord, N. H., in i860, to Abby K., daughter of Eldad and Sarah E. (Fellows) Tenney. They have no children. HARWOOD, Joseph Alfred, son of Colonel Nahum and Sophia (Kimball) Harwood, was born in Littleton, Middle- sex county, March 26, 1827. He obtained his school training in the public schools of his native place, and in the academies of Westford, Exeter, N. H., and Groton. He began farming and stock-raising on the old homestead at the age of sixteen ; taught district schools, winters, from the age of seventeen to twenty-four. In 1868 he went into partnership with his brother Nahum, under the firm name of J. A. & N. Harwood, for the manufac- ture of leather board, with factory at Leo- minster, and store in Boston. He follows the same business at present, having added the manufacture of chair-seats and chairs for public halls, etc., under the company title, " Harwood Manufacturing Co." He is still extensively engaged in farm- ing and stock-raising on the old homestead, which has been in his family more than 150 years, and under his management has grown to be one of the finest estates in the Commonwealth. Mr. Harwood was married in Littleton, February 1 1, 1852, to Lucy Maria, daughter of Hon. Jonathan and Elizabeth Briard (Walker) Hartwell. Of this union were two children : Herbert Joseph, who gradu- ated at Harvard College, 1877, and Edward Alfred Harwood, who died in infancy. Mr. Harwood has been a member of the school board ; postmaster of Littleton twenty-one years ; first president Farmers' Club of Littleton ; trustee of Middlesex County Agricultural Society ; was on the staff of Governor Washburn, also of act- ing-Governor Talbot ; senator in the Legislature of 1875 and '76 ; executive councilor 1877, '78, '79, with tlovernors Rice and Talljot. He is at present trustee of the Westford Academy, and Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst ; president of the Live Stock Insurance Company, Boston ; and tlirector in the New York Mutual Reserve Fund Insurance Company. He is a mem- ber of the Unitarian Club, the Middlesex Club, and the Home Market (.'lub. JOSEPH A. HARWOOD. He was influential in getting the United States cattle quarantine established at Littleton. When in the Senate, it was through his influence and efforts that the state prison was built at Concord. During Colonel Harwood's second term as senator occurred the celebrations of the Lexington and Concord centennials, and he was made chairman of the joint special committee of the Legislature which had the matter in hand, including the enter- tainment of General Grant and his cabinet. General Grant afterwards wrote him an autograph letter expressing his apprecia- tion of the manner in which he and his suite had been received. HASELTINE. HASKELL. 289 Colonel Harwood was a prominent can- didate for lieutenant-governor in the Re- publican convention of 1882. He is of old English stock, being a descendant of Nathaniel Harwood of colonial days. HASELTINE, PHINEAS WALTER, son of Isaiah W. and Jane S. (Hall) Haseltine, was born in Windham, Rockingham county, N. H., May 15, 1846. His education was limited to the com- mon schools. As a boy he worked on a farm, .going to Lawrence in 1865, where he was employed in the grocery business. He has remained in the same line up to date. He is a member of the firm of Dean & Haseltine, groceries and provisions. Mr. Haseltine was married in Lawrence, June 15, 1876, to Georgiana, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Joplin) Dean, Of this union were two children : Frank Arthur and Helen Dean Haseltine. Mr. Haseltine has held office in the fol- lowing orders : Tuscan Lodge, F. & A. M. ; \V'analancet Tribe, I. O. R. M., and Bay State Council, LInited Friends. In 1885 he was a member of the Lawrence com- mon council, and in 1889 was a member of the House of Representatives, serving on the committee on public service. HASKELL, Andrew L., son of Nathan and Anna (Lackey) Haskell, was born in Newbury, Essex county, August 22, 1806. His father was a descendant of A\'illiam Haskell, born in England, 1643, who came to America and settled in Ciloucester, where he died in August, 1693. Mr. Haskell had the advantages of pri- vate and public school education in New- buryport. From school he at once entered his father's furniture establishment as clerk, salesman and book-keeper, and at the age of twenty conducted a branch store in Dover, N. H. Later, he became assistant in the Newburyport Chair Factory, remain- ing until 1831, when he came to Boston and began business with Moses Mellen in one of the largest furniture ware-houses then existing. He connected himself later with Joseph J. Russell in the same business. In 1841 he became associated with Al- bert H. Brown, a large dealer, and satis- factorily settled a complicated partnership account between Mr. Brown and his former partners, which necessitated his visiting New Orleans and other places where they had opened stores. In 1843 he resumed his former position with Mr. Mellen, remaining until 1850, when he began busi- ness for himself at Nos. 8 and to LTnion Street, as manufacturer antl dealer in feathers, mattresses, curled horse-hair and bcdtling supplies. He subsequently re- moved to Nos. 100 and 102 Hanover Street, where the same business is conducted under the firm name of A. L. Haskell & Son, the latter, Mr. William A. Haskell, having been admitted to partnership in 1S62. This concern was distinguished for its enterprise in furnishing the government, during the civil war, with tents (Mr. Has- kell's invention), also the navy and hospi- tals with their bedding, the amount of contracts being very large during the war of the rebellion. Mr. Haskell was married in Newbury- port, July 23, 1829, to Sarah Ann, daugh- ter of Capt. Benjamin Newman. Mrs. Haskell died in Chelsea, February 29, 1884, universally mourned for her eminent vir- tues. Of this union were the following named children : Sarah Elizabeth (Mrs. Cleorge H. Wyman, Boston), deceased January 25, 1857 ; Annie, deceased Feb- ruary 27, 1837 ; and William A. Haskell, born in Chelsea, October 6, 1841. Mr. Haskell distinctly recalls the prin- cipal events of the war of 181 2. His father supplied sails for the sloop-of-war "Wasp." He was the intimate friend of William Lloyd Garrison and Isaac Knapp of the " Liberator." Removing to Chelsea, in 1837, he took an active part in municipal affairs and public benevolent work. He was one of the projectors of the Winnisimmet Benevo- lent Society, founded in 1843, and was at one time its president, remaining one of its directors to date. He was connected with the Chelsea Savings Bank, and one of its vice-presidents for several years. After Chelsea became a city, he held vari- ous public positions, was a member of the common council in 1858, '59 and '61, and alderman in 1866, '67 and '68, and was elected to the Legislature in 1869 and '70. In Boston he was inspector of elections from ward 3 in 1836, '37. Liberal in his reli.gious sentiment, he be- came connected with the Unitarian society of Chelsea in 1848, of which he is an active member. He has always manifested a deep interest in the public schools, and is ever found in the front rank of those reformers who are combating the evil of intemperance. At a ripe old age, his vigor displays the effect of a well-spent life. HASKELL, Edward H., son of Wil- liam H. antl Mary (Smith) Haskell, was born in Gloucester, Essex county, October 5. 1845- 290 HASKELL. HASKELL. He received a common and high school education in his native city, and then adopted the profession of journalism, en- tering the office of the " (iloucester Tele- graph " in 1859. On the 28th of September, 1861, he en- listed in company C, of the 23d Massachu- setts volunteers. AVhile at Annapolis, Md., in December, he was ordered to special duty with the signal corps of the Burnside ex- pedition, then fitting out. His first engage- ments were at Roanoke Island, Newbern (where he was slightly wounded) and at Fort Macon. Jul)' 5 he was ordered to the army of the Potomac, then on the fames River ; and immediately afterward to the army of \'irginia, under Cleneral Pope, and participated in the engagements EDWARD H HASKELL. at Cedar Mountain, Kelly's Ford, Rappa- hannock Station, Manassas Junction, Bull Run and Chantilly, and was at the side of (ieneral Kearney when he fell in the last named battle. From September, 1862, to September, 1863, he was an instructor in the camp of instruction of the signal corps at Georgetown, D. C. While on duty there he took part in the short campaign of ("lenerals Buford. Kilpatrick and Custer, against the rear of Lee's army in Maryland. He next saw service under General Burnside in the East Tennessee campaign of the winter of i863-'64. Early in June, 1864, he was ordered to report with a ile- tachment of the signal corps under his command to General Schofield, then with Sherman in Georgia, and participated in that exciting campaign. He narrowly es- caped capture at Altoona. and was almost continuously under fire at Kennesaw Moun- tain, Lost Mountain, Marietta, and in the investment of Atlanta, which closed his military service. Leaving Georgia in Sep- tember, he reported at Knoxville, and was mustered out of service October 4, 1864. On his return to Gloucester he resumed the profession of journalism, but after- wards became interested in the paper busi- ness, Boston, as manufacturer and dealer, in which pursuit he is now successfully engaged, with his residence at Newton. Colonel Haskell has been prominent for several years in public life. In 1878 he represented his native city in the House of Representatives, serving on committees on printing and on mercantile affairs. In 1880 he was appointed assistant adjutant-gen- eral on the staff of Governor Long, and served in that capacity for three years. In 1879 he was elected secretary of the Re- publican state central committee, and ren- deretl efficient service in the memorable political campaigns of the three years fol- lowing. The perfection of the organiza- tion of the Republican party during these years was largely due to his able and in- telligent direction. In 1880 he was elected delegate to the national Republican con- vention, Chicago, and in 1884 was again selected for that position, and served as one of the secretaries of the convention. In 1882 Colonel Haskell was elected as an executive councilor to represent the 5th district, and was associated with Gen- eral Butler during his incumbency as gov- ernor of the State, serving on committees on pardons, prisons, harbors and public lands, and military affairs. In 1884 he was a member of Governor Robinson's council, and served on committees on par- dons, charitable institutions, railroads and Hoosac Tunnel, military affairs, and ac- counts. Colonel Haskell was married June 27, 1866, to Hattie J., daughter of William and Sarah (Higgins) Munsey. Of this union were four children : Edward A., William .\saph (deceased 187 1), Marion R. and Edith L. Haskell. HASKELL, Edwin Bradbury, was born in Livermore, .\ndroscoggin county. Me., August 24, 1837. His father was Moses Greenleaf Haskell, and his mother, HASKELL. HASKINS. 291 Rosilla Haines, daughter of Captain Peter Haines, who emigrated from New Hamp- shire to the then district of Maine in 1795. Mr. Haskell was etlucated in the district school and at Kent's Hill Seminary, and was prepared for college at the age of six- teen. The limited means of his parents prevented him from taking up his college connection, and when seventeen, he entered the office of the " Portland Advertiser," then edited by Henry Carter. After staying one year and learning the art of type-setting, he went to New Orleans in the autumn of 1855, and worked there and in Baton Rouge as a journeyman printer until the following June. He then returned to Boston and took a situation as compositor on the " Saturday Evening Gazette," then published by \\'illiam \Y. Clapp, now of the " Boston Journal." In the sprmg of 1857 he was employed on the " Boston Journal " as printer and re- porter, and went to the " Boston Herald " as a reporter, in the spring of i860. The " Plerald " was then owned antl managed by Colonel E. C. Bailey, who <|uickly discovered the newspaper abilities of Mr. Haskell, and added him to his staff of editorial writers. In that position he remained until 1865, when he and four other employees of the " Herald " bought the paper of Colonel Bailey. Mr. Haskell was then installed as editor-in-chief, a position which he held uninterruptedly (save during a year's absence in Europe) until October, 1887, when he sold a large moiety of his third proprietary interest in the " Herald," and has since had nothing to do with the management of the paper, save as one of the directory of the " Bos- ton Herald Company." This company succeeded the partnership under the firm name of R. M. Pulsifer & Co. By his good judgment he was enabled to steer this independent journal between partisan e.vtremes and make it a widely recognized conservative power and author- ity. As an editorial writer, Mr. Haskell was terse and direct, going to the core of the theme under discussion, and his keen sense of humor was a no less noticeable trait of his professional outfit. Mr. Haskell is chief owner in two daily newspapers in Minneapolis, holding with his associates there, including his eldest son, a monopoly of the press franchise in that city. Mr. Haskell's fortunate business and pro- fessional career has been happily matched by his social and domestic life at his ele- gant and beautiful home overlooking the valley of the Charles River in Auburndale, Newton. In 1877 and '78, accompanied by his family and a small retinue of invited friends, he made a tour of Europe. Hence the unique descriptive serial sketches in the " Herald " of the adventures of " The Scribbler Fainily Abroad." In 1882 he declined a nomination to Congress, which would have been ecjuiva- lent to an election, preferring journalism to what he held to be a more limited field of usefulness and honor. Mr. Haskell was married in August, 1861, to Celia, daughter of Jonas and loanna (Hubbard) Hill, of Fayette, Me. Of this union were seven children, of whom four are living. The eldest son, William, is editor of the " Minneapolis Tribune," having graduated at Harvard in the class of 1884. The second son, Harry Hill, is a student in Harvard, preparing for a medical education. HASKINS, David Greene, the sec- ond son of Ralph and Rebecca (Creene) Haskins, was born in Boston, May i, 1818. Ralph was the sixteenth and youngest child of John and Hannah (Upham) Has- kins. The father of John was Robert, who came to Boston from England in the early part of the last century. Ralph was a well-known Boston merchant. He began life in 1800 in the employ of Theodore Lyman (with whom he was afterwards in partnership) as supercargo of the ship "Atahualpa" on a three years' voyage to the northwest coast in search of furs. Rebecca Greene was the eldest daughter of David and Rebecca (Rose) Greene. David was a direct descendant of John, who was associated with Roger \\'illiams in the Providence purchase. His wife was a daughter of John Rose, of Antigua, W. I. Mr. Haskins was fitted for college at the academy of his uncle, Charles W. Greene, at Jamaica Plain. He was grad- uated from Harvard University in the class of 1837, and was immediately em- ployed as assistant teacher in Mr. Greene's Academy. In 1839 he entered the junior class of the theological seminary, Andover. From 1 84 1 to '44 he was preceptor of the Portland .\cademy, at Portland, Maine. Removing to Roxbury in 1844, he con- ducted a private school for girls, and at the same time studied for the ministry under the direction of Rev. Dr. Howe, now bishop of central Pennsylvania. He was admitted to deacon's orders in 1847, and to priest's orders the next year. 292 HASKINS. HATHEWAV. During his diaconate he had charge for six months of Christ church, Gardiner, Me. From 1847 to '51 he Hved at Medford, where he gathered a society and built Grace church, of which he was the first rector. For a part of this period he was treasurer of the diocesan convention. Subject at this time to an occasional loss of voice, he decided to take a temporary rest from regular preaching. For some months he taught a class of girls in Lowell. Removing to Roxbury in 1853, he estab- lished and conducted a private school for young ladies at the South End, Boston ; this school, at the time of its fullest devel- opment, occupied the two upper floors of the large Concord Hall Building on Con- cord Street, and numbered about sixty pupils. It was known as the Concord Hall school. While in charge of this institution he published " Selections from the Old and New Testaments for Use in Families and Schools," also "The French and English First Book." For one year of this period he supplied the Sunday services of the infant church at Hyde Park. In 1862, when his son en- tered college, he removed to his present home in Cambridge. Soon afterwards, transferring his school interests to the Rev. Charles C. Shackford and Miss M. C. Pratt, he resumed ministerial work and organized the first Episct>pal church in Brighton, of which he was the rector till the latter part of 1866. In 1868 and '69 he was chaplain of the McLean Asylum for the Insane, Somerville. In 1873 and '74 he traveled in Europe with his family. From 1875 to '80 he was rector of St. John's, Arlington, having gathered the society and erected the church building. Since January, 1889, he has had charge of St. Bartholomew's Mission, Cambridge. In 1876 he was chosen dean and profes- sor of ecclesiastical history in the theo- logical school of the University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn. He declined these positions, but acce^pted the appointment of commissioner of education for the uni- versity, which he still holds. In 1877 he prepared an illustrated sketch of the uni- versity, which was printed by this institu- tion. The same year he received the de- gree of S. T. D. from Columbia College. In addition to the works above men- tioned, he has published treatises in pam- phlet form on the following subjects: " Con- firmation," " The Study of the Larger English Dictionaries," " The Religious Education of Children in New England," " The Requisites for a Church School for Girls." He is also the author of a volume recently issued entitled, " The Maternal Ancestors of Ralph Waldo Emerson, with some Personal Reminiscences of Him." Mr. Haskins was a cousin of Mr. Emerson, and went to his school in Roxbury. Mr. Haskins was married in Portland, Me., December 20, 1842, to Mary Cogs- well Daveis, daughter of the Hon. Charles Stuart Daveis, of that city, and Elizabeth Taylor (Gilman) Daveis (the daughter of Governor John Taylor Gilman of Exeter, N. H.) . He has one son and two daughters now surviving : David G. Haskins, Jr., (H. U., 1866), Mary Cog.swell Daveis Haskins (now Mrs. James O. Watson, of Orange, N. J.) and Frances Greene Has- kins. HATHAWAY, GUILFORD H., son of Edmund and Betsey Hathaway, was born in Freetown, Bristol county. May 3, 180S. His educational advantages, besides the common school, were the military school, Norwich, Vt. (Captain Alden Partridge). In 1836 he became director of the Fall River Bank, which position he still holds. He has been president of the same bank since 1876. He is the oldest living and senior member of the board of investment of the Fall River Savings Bank. He was collector of taxes, Freetown, four years ; selectman five years ; chair- man Fall River board of assessors thirteen years ; member of the common council, 1864 and '65 ; alderman, 1866 and '67 ; county commissioner Bristol county, 1868 to '77, and representative to the Legislature in 1837. Mr. Hathaway was married in Fall River, November i, 1832, to Betsey, daughter of Edward and Hannah Wilson. Of this union were seven children : ( )thalia W., Abiah, Edmund, Edward W., Fklmund 2d, Emma F. and Charles G. Hathaway. HATHEWAY, NICHOLAS, son of Elna- than P. and Salome (Cushman) Hathe- way, was born in Freetown, Bristol county, September 3, 1824. He was the eldest of eleven children, and comes of Puritan stock on both sides. His mother was a direct descendant of Robert Cush- man, who preached the first sermon on Plymouth Rock. His father was a lawyer of distinction and an acknowledged leader of the Democratic party. Passing through the public schools of his native town, he supplemented his early educational training by attendance at Phil- lips Academy, Andover, and fitted for HAWKINS. HAYDEN. 293 college at Pierce Academy, Middleborough. He was graduated from Brown University, Providence, R. I., in the class of 1847. Choosing the profession of law, he passed the preparatory studies in his father's office, and was admitted to the bar, and began the practice of law in Freetown, in 1850. In 1856 he was elected a member of the state Senate. He was appointed a weigher and ganger in the custom house, Boston, 1857, and held the office until 1861. In 1857 he reuKJved to Dorchester, which was his home for ten years. In 1861 he became a member of the Stock Exchange, Boston, and remained until 1867, when he resumed the practice of law, removing to Fall River, where he has ever since resided. Mr. Hatheway was elected alderman in 1874 ; a member of the House of Repre- sentatives, 1875 ; and was postmaster at Fall River under the administration of President Cleveland. Mr. Hatheway was married in Freetown, January i, 185 i, to Fanny P., daughter of Benjamin and Rosamond (Hatheway) Dean. Of this union are two sons : Nel- son D. Hatheway, M. D. (deceased), and Nicholas Hatheway, Jr., graduate of PJrown University, class of 1883, now a practicing lawyer in Fall River. Mr. Hatheway is a Mason of the thirty- third degree, and an active member of the order. Politically he has always been a worker in the ranks of the Democratic party. He has been a delegate to state conventions for the past forty years ; also a delegate from the ist congressional district to the national Democratic conventions of 1868, '72, '76, and '80, and a member of the Democratic state committee for many years. He isM'ell and favorably known as a political speaker. HAWKINS, Richard P., son of Alpheus and Celia A. (Rhodes) Hawkins, was born in Lowell, Middlese.\ county, on the 9th day of March, 1837. His early education was obtained at the common schools and the high school of Springfield. At the age of sixteen he began work as office boy for Stone iS: Harris, railroad and bridge builders. In 1862 he became a partner of D. L. Harris in the same business, succeeding to the entire control in 1867, which extensive business he still conducts, under the name of the R. F. Hawkins Iron Works, whose products are bridges, steam-boilers, iron castings, machinery, etc. September 3, 1862, Mr. Hawkins was married in New York to Cornelia Morgan, daughter of A. B. and Sarah (Cadwell) Howe. Their children are : I'aul, Flor- ence, Edith, Ethel and David Hawkins. Mr. Hawkins has for years been identi- fied with all the Cuirrent matters of interest RICHARD F HAWKINS, in the community, but has never aspired to become a politician, preferring to spend his time and energies in the more conge- nial details of his prosperous business inter- ests. He held the office of alderman for three years, but though often offered other positions, has invariably declined. HAYDEN, Edward Daniel, son of Eze- kiel and Elizabeth Hayden, was born in Cambridge, Middlesex county, December 27, 1833- After passing the common schools, he fitted for college in Lawrence Academy, (Jroton, and having honorably and suc- cessfully pursued his course at Harvard, was graduated from that university in 1854. His first connection in business was with J. IS. Winn & Co., who conducted a large tanning establishment at Woburn. Mr. Hayden was first married in Wo- burn, February 9, 1862, to Marcia A., daughter of Jonathan B. and Nancy W. \\'inn. His second marriage was with I'llk-n F., daughter of George and Lucy A. Champnev. He has no children. Mr. Hayden was paymaster in the United States navy, 1S62 to '65 ; member of the 294 HAYDEN. HAYDEN. House of Representatives 1880, '81, and '82, serving on some of the most import- ant committees. In 1885 he was elected to represent the 5th congressional district in the 49th United States Congress, and received a very flattering re-election to the Soth, by a largely increased majority. He has been president of the First National Bank nf Woburn since 1874, and EDWARD D, HAYDEN. was one of the trustees of the ^V(}burn public library — a library not only a matter of local pride to the citizens of Woburn, but one of the finest in the Common- wealth. HAYDEN, JOSEPH ORUN, son of Elizur Boise and Lucinda E. (Simmons) Haydcn, was born in Blandford, Hampden countv, July 8, 1847. His early education was obtained in the district school and academy at Granville, and the high school at Chicopee Falls. With a preference for a business life, he first engaged as a dealer in real estate in Minnesota, which business he relinquished in 1869, and entered the newspaper busi- ness, as treasurer of the Times Publishing Company, of Boston, where he remained till 1876, when he purchased the " Somer- ville Journal," with which he has ever since been identified. The paper under his management has proved a literary as well as a financial success. Its influence is not confined to the city where it is pub- lished, but its bright and witty sayings have found their way into the acknowl- edged leaders in the newspaper world. In 1883 he was placed, by the city coun- cil, upon the Mystic water board, and in 1884 became its president, which position he still retains. In 1885 he was elected treasurer of Middlesex county, and re- elected in 1888. He is a charter member, and since its organization has been a trustee of the Somerville Savings Bank. He is also a vice-president of the Suburban Press Association, and fills several positions of trust in various social and charitable societies. Mr. Hayden was married in Somerville, August 18, 1870, to Mary Elizabeth, daugh- ter of William and Mary E. (Cleves) Pond, of that city, where they reside. HAYDEN, Lewis, was born a slave in Lexington, Ky. His age is not definitely settled, but he is believed to have been born in 1S09. He was owned by a Pres- byterian minister of the town, named Rev. .•\dam Rankin. When ten years of age he was sold for a pair of horses. He was afterwards owned by several prominent southern families, where he had opportu- nities for seeing many of the famous states- men of that period, including Henry Clay. In 1844, while at work in the field one day, young Hayden resolved to make his escape from slavery. He told his wife of his in- tention. They immediately left for the North. They crossed the Ohio River at Ripley, September 10th. They were supposed to be in attendance upon a couple matrimonially inclined, who were crossing into Ohio to consummate a clandestine marriage. On the Ohio side they were received by the agents of the " underground railway." They were pur- sued, and large sums of money were offered for their capture and return. In four months, however, they reached the Cana- dian border. Six months later Mr. Hayden returned to Detroit, Mich., and established a school and church for colored people. He then came to Boston, where he formed the acquaintance of John A. Andrew, then unknown to fame. IVIr. Andrew took great interest in him, and they became firm friends. The colored men of ward 6 (now 9) were the first to plead with Mr. Andrew to allow his name to be used as candidate for the Legislature. To this he reluctantly consented. He had no idea of being elected, judging from the party make-up of this district. But his popularity as a man car- IIAVUEN. HAYNES. 29s ried him through, ami to his disappoint- ment he was elected. Mr. Hayden had reached Boston in the hottest of the anti-slavery struggle, and as- sisted in the work of (larrison, Phillips and their coadjutors, running double risks on account of his color. His home on Phillips Street was the home of the fugitive slaves until they could be despatched to Canada. He was notably connected with the cases of William and Ellen Crafts, Anthony Burns, Simms and Shadrack. When Batchelder,. an officer, was killed, while resisting the crowd in the attempt to take Burns out df the court-house, Mr. Hayden was arrested with others and tried for murder. A verdict of not guilty was returned. In 185 1 Mr. Hayden opened a clothing store on Cambridge Street. In 1855 and '56 his store was the second largest estab- lishment in Boston managed by colored men. His store was the place where Phil- lips, Garrison, Parker and their friends often congregated for conference. He did a good business, but in the panic of 1857 he went down with thousands of others. In 1858 Mr. Hayden was selected as a messenger in the state department, which position he has held to the date of his death, which occurred April 7, 1889. Mr. Hayden was the first man to suggest to Governor Andrew to put colored troops in the field. The suggestion was acted upon. Governor Andrew went immediately to Washington and laid the suggestion before President Lincoln. The result is known. Mr. Hayden served one term in the House of Representatives in 1873. He was a prominent Mason, and author of "Caste among Masons," "War of Races" and "Ancient York Masons." The " Hay- den Commandery," Knights Templar, was named for him. The Crispus Attucks Monuinent erected on Boston Common was the crowning work of his life. He was a member of Robert A. Bell Post 134, G. A. R. — the first colored man in the United States to receive the honor. He had but one child, a son, killed during the war in a naval engagement under Admiral Farragut, New Orleans. Mr. Hayden, in spite of race or color, did exceptionally possess the warm personal friendship and entire confidence of the best men in the Commonwealth with whom he was brought in contact. His char- acter was untarnished, and had he been possessed of early educational advan- tages, would have found his place well to the front in the ranks of political lead- ers. HAYNES, Emory James, son of Zadoc S. and Marion W. (Bayley) Haynes, was born in Cabot, Washington county, Vt., February 6, 1847. In 1863 he entered Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., where he soon won a leading class position. He excelled in elo- cution, winning the president's prize. He was graduated with honors in 1867. During the third year in college he preached his first sermon in Royalton, Vt., his father being the pastor, and among his hearers. In his senior year, at the urgent request of the Main Street M. E. church, Norwich, Conn., he consented to supply the pulpit for the year. Here he was suc- cessful, and after graduating, and joining the Providence conference, he was regu- larly appointed pastor of the same church, and remained three years. It was during his ministry in this place that he married Jennie P., daughter of Zadoc C. and Mary (Phillips) Crowell. Obtaining leave of ab- sence from his church, he spent four months traveling in Europe with his wife. In 1870 he went to St. Paul's church, Fall River. His next appointment was to the Hanson Place M. E. church, Brooklyn, New York East conference. Here he was phenomenally successful, the society and congregation increasing so in numbers that in 1873 the corner-stone of a new and much larger church edifice was laid. It is now the largest Methodist church on this con- tinent. This church was finished and dedi- cated in January, 1874. During his min- istry here occurred the death of his wife, a lady much beloved by all who knew her. His next call was to the Seventh Avenue M. E. church. He left the Hanson Place church with the mutual expectation that he would return at the end of three years, the Episcopal limit. Before the close of the second year he was no longer a Metho- dist. His convictions had forced him to sever his connection with the M. E. church, and unite with the Baptist denomination. In 1877 he accepted the call from the Washington Avenue Baptist church, and remained its pastor until 1885, when he re- ceived an earnest call from the Union Tem- ple church, Tremont Temjile, Boston, the pastorate of which he accepted, and where he yet remains, blessed in his labors and loved and esteemed by church and people. His present pastorate is one of the most laborious and influential in the Christian world, — the aggregate audiences gathered at all religious services in Tremont Tem- ple, each Sunday, numbering ten thousand people. It is a free " church of the stran- 296 HAYNES. HAYNES. gers." His sermons have now been pub- lished weekly for several years. His style is brilliant, his sermons full of religious fervor, and his presence com- manding. He is the author of several works of fiction : " Dollars and Duty," "A Wedding in War Time," and many short stories. He received the degree of doctor of divinity from Colby University in 1888. On the 29th of April, 1874, at New York, Mr. Haynes married for his second wife, Grace, daughter of William and Mary E. (Rousseau) Forby. They have five chil- dren: Blanche, Alice, Mary, Francis S., and Helen Haynes. HAYNES, John Cummings, son of John Dearborn and Eliza Walker (Stevens) Haynes, was born in Brighton, Suffolk county, September 9, 1829. He was educated in the public schools of Boston, finishing with the English high school, under masters Bacon and Robin- son. He left school at the age of fifteen, as his parents needed his active help. In July, 1845, he went as a boy into the employ of the late Oliver Ditson, Boston, the celebrated music publisher. He re- mained with Mr. Ditson until his majority, when he became interested in the business, receiving a percentage of the sales. Jan- uary I, 1857, he became a partner, and the style of the firm was changed to Oliver Ditson & Co. The death of Oliver Ditson, in December, 1888, dissolved the firm in which Mr. Haynes had been a partner for thirty-two years. The surviving partners of the firm (Mr. Haynes and Mr. Charles H. Ditson, son of Oliver Ditson) and the executors of the estate of Oliver Ditson at once organized a corporation, under the laws of Massachusetts, under the title of the " Oliver Ditson Company," admitting as stockholders several of the best of the young men who had grown up with the business, Mr. Haynes becoming the presi- dent and Charles H. Ditson treasurer of the new corporation, with headquarters in the buildings 449 and 451 Washington Street. The branch houses are as follows: John C. Haynes & Co., Boston, Charles H. Ditson & Co., New York, and J. E. Ditson & Co., Philadelphia. The growth of the publishing house of Oliver 1 )itson & Co. has been identical with, and a powerful factor of, the growth of musical taste and culture in the United States. The influence of this house as a civilizing and refining agent, as our country has been developed, can scarcely be esti- mated. Mr. Haynes has also been interested in large and successful real estate ventures that have materially added to the assessed valuation of the city of Boston, where he has resided for over fifty years. \\'hen a young man he was instrumental in organ- izing the Franklin Library Association, and his many years' connection with it was of great advantage to him in his early training and culture. He is a life member of the Mercantile Library Association, and of the Young Men's Christian Union, also of the Women's Industrial LInion, and of the Aged Couples' Home Society ; is one of the trustees of Franklin Savings Bank ; director in the Massachusetts Title Insur- ance Company, and Prudential Fire Insur- ance Company ; treasurer of the Free Re- ligious Association ; member of the Mas- sachusetts Club and Home Market Club, also of the Boston Merchants' Associa- tion. He joined the Free Soil party when a young man, went with it into the Repub- lican party, with which he is still identified, and was a member of the Boston common council four years, from 1862 to 1865 in- clusive. In early life, after having been for many years a scholar in one of Boston's Baptist Sunday-schools, he became interested in the preaching of Theodore Parker in 1848, and ever since has been connected with the Twenty-eighth Congregational Society, which was organized to allow Mr. Parker to be heard in Boston, serving for many years as chairman of its standing commit- tee. He was active in the construction of Parker Memorial Building, and in its re- cent transfer to the Benevolent Fraternity of Churches, Boston, the object of this transfer being to perpetuate the memory of Theodore Parker in practical, charita- ble, educational and religious work. Mr. Haynes was one of the org?nizers of the Parker Fraternity of Boston, for many years a powerful social and religious society. The " Parker Fraternity Course of Lectures," inaugurated and sustained for nearly twenty years, were remarkable for their influence in moulding and direct- ing public opinion — especially during the war of the rebellion and the years of re- construction immediately following. In the first course Mr. Parker delivered his celebrated lectures on Washington, Frank- lin, Adams and Jefferson. Mr. Haynes was married, in Boston, by Theodore Parker, May i, 1855, to Fanny, daughter of Rev. Charles and Frances (Seabury) Spear. Of this union were haynp:s. IIAVWARD. 297 seven children: Alice Fanny (Mrs. M. Mor- ton Holmes), Theodore Parker (deceased), Lizzie Gray, Jennie Eliza (.Mrs. Fred O. Hurd), Cora Marie (Mrs. E. Harte Day), Mabel Stevens, and Edith Margaret Haynes. HAYNES, TiLl.Y, son of Lyman and Caroline (Hunt) Haynes, was born in Sud- bury, Middlesex county, February 13, 1828. f)n his father's side he was a direct de- scendant of Walter Haynes, who was born in England 1583, and came to America in 1635 from the parish of Sutton — Mande- ville, Salisbury, county of Wilts. From the General Court of the colony he obtained a grant of land in Sudbury, where he set- 1v ^ TILLY HAYNES tied, being one of the original founders of that town. On the maternal side Mr. Haynes is directly descended from William Hunt, who came over in 1635 and settled in Concord, where he received a grant of land, and was one of the original founders. When Tilly Haynes was but two years old, his father removed to Billerica, and there the young man received his educa- tion in the schools of that place. In 1842 he went to North Reading and obtained work in a country store ; three years later he entered the employ of Josiah Crosby, in the first, and for some time the only, store in Lawrence. In April, 1S49, at the age of twenty-one, he went to Springfield, and opened a small store for the sale of men's goods, and, as the demands of an increased trade neces- sitated, he added two adjoining stores. He was one of the original stockholders in the Indian Orchard Mills. In connection with others, he built a small button factory in Springfield, manu- factured flax machines at Mill River, and sewing machines at Chicopee. In 1857 he built the music hall and theatre, corner of Pynchon Street, Springfield, which was destroyed by the great fire of 1864. This was replaced by the new music hall, and the Haynes Hotel was built and success- fully opened within the next twelvemonths. Mr. Haynes was married in 1853 to Martha C, daughter of Archelaus and Elizabeth (Hacket) Eaton, of Salisbury. Mrs. Haynes died in 1876, and Mr. Haynes disposed of the hotel and music hall which he had run so successfully, and relin- quished all business. Not desiring to lead an idle life, however, in 1880 he accepted the invitation of the directors of the old United States Hotel, Boston, to take charge of that property, which was con- sidered a hopeless undertaking. He has made a most phenomenal success in its management, doubling the value of the property and quadrupling its business. Mr. Haynes served in the first city gov- ernment of Springfield ; was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature 1867, '68, '69, and '70 ; was a member of the state Senate 1875 and '76, 1877 and '78, and in 1878 and '79 served as a member of the executive council of Governors Rice and Talbot. He was chairman of the commit- tee on State-house during its rebuilding in 1869 ; chairman of the railroad committee 1876, and served on various other commit- tees of the House and Senate, and in every position secured the respect and confidence of his associates. He is one of the metro- politan sewage commissioners recently ap- pointed by Governor Ames. The name of Haynes was originall}' spelled Hayne, as evidenced on the Flaynes coat-of-arms, "confirmed to Thomas Hayne of F'ryer Waddon, County Dorset, by Sir William Segar, Garter, 1607." HAYWARD, JOSEPH WarREN, son of (jeorge W. and Svlvia S. (Pratt) Hay- ward, was born in Easton, Bristol county, July 1 1, 1841. His early education was received in the common schools, and the academy at North Middleborough. He was afterwards grad- uated from the Bridgewater normal school, 298 HEDGE. HEMPHILL. and studied medicine in the Harvard med- ical school, from which he graduated in 1864, and in the medical school of Maine. In 1866 he formed a partnership with George Barrows, M. I)., 'Faunton. In 1872 the partnership was dissolved, and he has continued the practice of med- icine and surgery by himself. His school of practice is homoeopathic. Dr. Hayward was married in Easton, January 9, 1866, to I.emira Harris, daugh- ter of John R. and Lemira H. (Daily) Drake. Of this union are four children : Ernest Lowell, Ralph Morris, Walter Bar- rows, and Josepiiine Lemira Hayward. Dr. Hayward has been a member of the Taunton school board nine years. He was medical cadet in the LI. S, army from March, 1863, to March, 1864, assist- ant-surgeon and brevet-major, U. S. volun- teers, from date of graduation till Novem- ber 25, 1865 ; was present, on General Ord's staff, at the fall of Petersburg and the surrender of General Lee ; surgeon 3d regiment, Massachusetts volunteer militia, and medical director ist brigade, Massa- chusetts volunteer militia. He has been a member of the pension board, a lecturer on surgery, Boston LTniversity medical school, vice-president and president of the Massa- chusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society. HEDGE, Frederic Henry, son of Levi and Mary (Kneeland) Hedge, was born in Cambridge, Middlesex county, De- cember 12, 1805. He was educated at home until 181 8, when he went to Germany, under the guard- ianship of ("reorge Bancroft, and entered a gymnasium or German school at Ilfeld ; subsequently studied in the gymnasium at Schulpforte ; returned to America in 1823; entered Harvard College, and was gradu- ated in the class of 1825. After leaving college he studied in the Harvard theological school, and was or- dained a minister in 1828, being settled over the Congregational church of West Cambridge (now Arlington). From this church he went io Bangor, Me., as pastor of the Unitarian church, where he re- mained until 1850. He was then called to the Westminster Congregational church, Providence, where he remained si.x years. He was pastor of the First Congregational church, Brookline, from 1856 to '72, when he left to become professor of (ierman in Harvard University, which professorship he held until 1881. He w'as also professor of ecclesiastical history from 1857 to '76. Dr. Hedge was married in Brookline, September 10, 1830, to Lucy, daughter of John Pierce, D. D., and Lucy (Tappan) Pierce. Of this union were: Frederic Henry, Jr., Charlotte Augusta, Ellen Eliza- beth and Caroline Farrar Hedge. Dr. Hedge is the author of several works, among which are " Prose \\'riters of Germany" (1848); "Reason in Re- ligion" (1865); "Primeval World in He- brew Tradition" (1S70); "Ways of the Spirit" (1877); "Atheism in Philosophy, and Other Essays " (1884); "Hours with German Classics " (1886); " Martin Luther, and Other Essays " (1888). In conjunction with Mrs. A. L. Wister he published " Met- rical Translations and Poems " the same year. Dr. Hedge, together with L. Noa, also edited an edition of (ioethe's works, published by Estes & Lauriat, 1883. HEMPHILL, ASHTON ERASTUS, son of Freeland and Lydia (McKeen) Hemphill, was born in Acworth, Sullivan county, N. H., September 17, 1849. His early education was secured in the schools of Acworth, and high school of Walpole, N, H. He was graduated at the MDnluN E HEMPHILL. Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Bos- ton, in the class of 1876. From 1871 to '73 he was with George L. Brown & Co., Holyoke, druggists, and their successor. Dr. L. M. Tuttle. He had virtual charge of the store from July, 1882. HENRY. hi<;ginsox. 299 While in Boston attending lectures, he was with C. E. Tappan & Co., and their succes- sors, F. M. Loring & Co. He returned to Holyoke after gradua- tion, and was with Dr. ]^. M. Tuttle and E. W. Gridley, druggists, until June, 1882. Since the autumn of 1882, he has been in the storage-warehouse business for himself. Mr. Hemphill was chairman of the Re- publican city committee of Holyoke for several years ; organized the Holyoke Re- publican Club in 1888, and was its secretary during the Harrison and Morton campaign ; has been chairman of the board of regis- trars of voters since its organization under the law of 1884. He was in the House of Representatives in i88i, and again in '85 ; was on the committee on printing in 1881 ; in 1885 was chairman of committee on print- ing, and on public health. He has written for local papers on polit- ical and economic subjects. His residence is Windsor Hotel, Hol- yoke. He is an active worker in the Re- publican party ; has been a delegate to every state convention held in Massachu- setts since 1881. HENRY, Benjamin Tho.mas, the son of John and Jane (Farmer) Henry, was born in Boston, May 12, 1858. The only education he received was that at the common school of his native place. Upon leaving school he went into a printing-office and learned the printing trade. He was for several years engaged in a printing-office in West Newton, and afterward worked in the " Franklin Senti- nel " office. He then removed to Rowe, and commenced business as a merchant, which business he still carries on. Mr. Henry has served on the school committee for three years. He is also town clerk, treasurer, trustee of the public library, and has been postmaster since 1884. He is much interested in the Unitarian society of Rowe, in which he is chairman of the parish committee, and parish clerk. He was married at Rowe, February 16, 1886, to Anna Laura, the daughter of Rob- ert and Laura Z. (Ballon) Wells of Rowe. He has one child, a daughter. MERRICK, Henry K., son of Thomas and Marv .\nn (Kno.x) Herrick, was born at Blandford, Hampden county, on the 24th day of August, 1839. His preliminary education was acquired at the public schools as opportunity was offered, while from his earliest boyhood, labor upon the farm claimed his attention, and at the age of twenty-four he began in- dependent farming, which vocation he has followed successfully throughout his life. On the 20th of November, 1862, he was married at Blandford, to Sarah E., daugh- ter of Lewis and Mary E. (Cook) Parks. Their children are : Hattie P., Jennie M. and Sadie E. Herrick. Mr. Herrick has filled almost all of the offices of responsibility in his native town of Blandford, where he still resides. He was town clerk for one year, and select- man, assessor, and overseer of the poor for six years in succession. He is at present chairman of the school committee, and president of the Union Agricultural Society of Blandford, which office he has held for two years. He has at different times been director, secretary, chief-marshal, vice-president, and delegate to the state board of agriculture for three years for the above society. In 1886 he was elected to the state Legislature by the Democrats, the district comprising at the time six towns. HIGGINSON, Thomas Wentworth, the son of Stephen and Louisa (Storrow) Higginson, was born in Cambridge, Middle- sex county, December 22, 1S23. He is in the seventh generation of descent from the Rev. Francis Higginson, an Eng- lish clergyman, who, for conscience' sake, in 1629, exchanged his position in the bosom of the old church for the toilsome experi- ence of a New England Puritan minister. He was settled over the first parish in Salem, and in his day was not unknown as an author. The subject of our sketch was graduated from Harvard LTniversity in the class of 1841, and spent the customary years in study for a profession, and was graduated from the divinity school. He was settled as pastor of the First church in Newbury- port in 1847, and after being dismissed from that parish because of anti-slavery preaching, he organized the F'ree church in Worcester, where he remained nearly six years. During these years he was an enthusiastic soldier in the anti-slavery ranks, whose work it was to prepare the way for freedom, and was the intimate associate and friend of (iarrison, Parker, Phillips, and other famous leaders in the great movement. He, with the two dis- tinguished agitators, was indicted for com- plicity in the attempt to rescue Anthony Burns from the hands of the federal authorities. His theories were not formulated senti- ment merelv, for earlv in the civil war, he 300 HIGGINSON. HILDRETH. threw himself into the thick of the fray, recruited two companies near Worcester, and received a commission as captain in the 51st regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, September 25, 1862. He was, while in camp, appointed colonel of the ist regi- ment of colored troops enlisted in South Carolina, this being the first regiment of freed slaves mustered in during the war. Col. Higginson captured and held Jack- sonville, Fla., but was seriously wounded in a skirmish at Wiltown Bluffs, S. C, in August, 1863, and was honorably discharged October 27, 1864. But however creditably he fulfilled his mission as clergyman and soldier, it was not on either of these planes that the bur- den of his soul was to find its loftiest expression. The higher development of human nature, physically, mentally, morally and socially, — this was his life work, and whether as essayist, poet, novelist, or lec- turer, this was the germinal motive of his every effort. Col. Higginson's earliest recognition by the reading public, as an original prose writer, was through a series of essays con- tributed to the " Atlantic Monthly." 'I'he most famous of these is " Saints and Their Bodies," one of the most attractive papers ever written on the subject of physical development and its relation to moral and intellectual health. Besides these, his principal works are " Malbone ; An Okl- port Romance " (1869); "Army Life in a Black Regiment" (1S70) ; "Atlantic Es- says" (1871); " Oldport Days" (1873); "Young Folks' History of the United States " (1875) ; " Short Studies of Ameri- can Authors" (1879); "Common Sense about Women " (i88i) ; " Larger HLstory of the United States" (1885); "The Monarch of Dreams" (1886) ; "Hints on Writing and Speech-making " (1887) ; and a volume of essays contributed to "Har- per's Bazar " under the title of " Women and Men." He has lately published another prose volume, " Travellers and Outlaws" (1888), and a volume of poems entitled " The Afternoon Landscape " (1889). As a lecturer. Col. Higginson stands in the very foremost rank. In the days when the lecture platform was a high plane of intelligence and cultivation, he made a national reputation in the " Aristocracv of the Dollar." His devotion to the interests of humanity has led him to espouse with vigor the cause of woman, not only in her higher education, but in her emancipation from intellectual subjection and political servi- tude. While not seeking political honors. Col. Higginson has been called twice by his fellow-citizens of Cambridge to serve his representative district in the (leneral Court, 1880 and '81, and in 1888 he received the nomination for congressional honors, heart- ily voiced by his fellow-citizens, though not successful. HILDRETH, JAMES 2d, son of Ceorge antl Lucy Torrey (AVinslow) Hildreth, was born in Shirley, Middlesex county. May 29, 1S39. His mother is a direct descend- ant of John Winslow, who married Marv JAMES HILDRETH, 2d Chilton, she being the first person to step upon Plymouth Rock at the landing of the Pilgrims. He gathered his knowledge of l)ooks in his early youth in the common schools of Lunenburg, to which place his father moved while he was an infant. His ad- vantages were limited, but he made dili- gent use of those at his command. Upon the death of his father the charge of the home farm fell upon him at the age of seventeen. This was in 1856, and he worked without pay until he became of age. At his majority he bought the several interests of the other heirs, excepting that of his mother. IIILDRETH. HILDKETH. 301 He taught scliool in the winter of i860 and '61. He was married in Cambridge, Septem- ber 18, 1867, to Abbie AmeHa, daugiiter of William T. and Abigail Burnam (Story) Shattuck. They have no children. Mr. Hildreth has served his town as selectman, overseer of the poor for several terms, member of the school board, etc. In 1872 he was chosen moderator of the town meeting, and has since continued to serve in that capacity at every annual meeting. In 1878 he was a member of the House of Representatives, and the same year he re- ceived the appointment of justice of the peace, which position he still holds. In 1879 he was chosen secretary of the Farmers' Club (the oldest town club in the State), serving in that capacity to the present time — he had served two years previous to this as president of the club. In 1888, at the organization of the grange in his town, he was chosen master, and re- elected at the next annual meeting. In politics Mr. Hildreth has been actively identified with the Republican party, hav- ing cast his first vote for Abraham l,incoln, and has attended many of the conventions called in its interests. He is always promi- nent in public matters, and has ever been ready to aid any educational, social or lit- erary enterprise that may affect the pros- perity of Lunenburg, where he still resides. His success in life is due entirely to his industry and intelligent economy. HILDRETH, MiLO, was born in Town- send, Middlesex county, August 17, 1824. His ancestors came from England in early colonial times. He is the sixth, child of Zachariah and Hannah Sawtelle Hildreth. Until he attained the age of sixteen, his life was spent on the paternal farm. He secured his early education in the district schools of East Townsend. April I, 1 84 1, he was apprenticed to a manufacturer of combs in Leominster, where he was to serve four years in learn- ing the trade. He enjoyed the i)rivileges of a good district school during the winter season, and here became deeply interested in the study of physiology and phrenology, and felt strongly inclined to prepare him- self for the medical profession. At the expiration of his apprenticeship he entered the Townsend Academy, a select school of high reputation at that time, and there applied himself earnestly to the work. He taught school and worked at his trade in order to supplv himself with funds to again defray his expenses while in school ; but in the sjiring of 1847 he was offered a partnership in the manufacture of combs, which he accepted, and since 1849 he has been senior partner in the management of the same business — in i860 tortoise-shell jewelry and novelties were added to the list of manufactures. The brother of the sub- ject of this sketch is associated with him, the firm name being Milo Hildreth & Co. MILO HILDRETH. On the 31st of December, 1846, Mr. Hildreth married Frances J. Hooker, of North Brookfield. The children were: Alice J., Clara F., Mary E., Jennie F., Annie C., Walter H. and Florence G. Hildreth. Of these, only four are now living ; Marv, Jennie, Annie and Walter. Mr. Hildreth was a member of the House of Representatives in 1858, of the Senate in 1865, and of the governor's council in 1872, '73 and '74. In 1876 he was ap- pointed by Covernor Rice a member of the board of managers on the Centennial Ex- position, at Philadelphia. He has been thirty years justice of the peace. He has served as trustee of the state reform school at Westborough, was appointed one of the trustees of the state primary and reform schools by Governor Talbot, when the board was first organized, and has re- ceived a re-appointment for a term of five years each by Governors Long and Rob- inson. He has been calleil to numerous T,02 HILL. HILL. Other positions of trust by the citizens of his state and town. He has ever been a leader in measures for the pubUc good, is a total abstainer from the use of intoxi- cating liquors and tobacco, and believes in the policy of prohibition. His church con- nections are with the evangelical Con- gregational church. In politics he is a Republican. During the late civil war, in 1864, he was delegated by the United Christian Commission to labor among the wounded soldiers. His special fields of service were at Fredericksburg, Va., immediately after the battle of the Wilderness, where he re- mained until General (Irant gave it up in his progress toward Richmond — afterward at the White House Landing, and lastly at Cold Harbor. He arrived at Cold Harbor the day after the terrible battle between the 1 8th corps and General Lee's army, and remained there until General Grant moved still farther on toward Richmond. HlLl,, ARTHUR Asa, son of Alfred and I^hiL-be (Emerson) Hill, was born in Green- wich, Hampshire county, October 3, 1853. After receiving the education afforded bv the common and high schools, he went ARTHUR A, HILL. to Springfield and entered the " Republi- can " office to learn the business. Like manv other ambitious but misguided voung men, however, he desired to begin at the top rather than at the bottom, and after working in various departments, he left for New York City, and entered White- horne's publishing and printing house, at the corner of Nassau and Ann streets. He soon went to Ohio and entered Oberlin College, where he remained long enough to get a smattering of the classics, paying his way by work in the local printing-ofiice. An unusually restless disposition led him to make other changes, and long before he was twenty-one he had been a reporter for the " Cincinnati Gazette," a compositor on the "Chicago Times," and for a year a reporter and city editor of the Toledo (Ohio) "Democrat and Herald." He then drifted back to New York City, became one of the original members of the New York Press Club, and led a Bohemian life* for several years, during which time he was a partner in establishing two papers, a weekly, called " The Lantern," and a daily, " The Morning Telegraph " — both of which were started without capital and soon came to an end. Seven years ago Mr. Hill, with a partner, purchased the " Haverhill Evening Ga- zette," a journal at that time with an uncer- tain tenure of life. Under his editorial management the "Gazette" has increased more than five-fold in circulation. Mr. Hill has served on the school board, but he has never been an office-seeker nor fond of public prominence. As an editor, he is aggressive and energetic. Politically he is a Republican. Mr. Hill is unmarried. HILL, ARTHUR GaYLORD, son of Samuel Lapham and Ro.xana M. (Gaylord) Hill, was born in Northampton, Hampshire county, December 6, 1S41. The public schools furnished him with his early educational training. He fitted for college in the Allen Brothers' school. West Newton, and was graduated bachelor of science from Harvard College in the class of 1864. From 1865 to '85 he was assistant treasurer of the Nonotuck Silk Company, Florence. He was afterwards partner in the firm of Martin & Hill, manufacturers of cash-railways. He is president of the Whitney Safety Fire Arms Company ; president of the Northampton board of trade ; director in the Florence Furniture Company ; treas- urer of the Florence Kindergarten ; vice- president of the Lilly Library Association, and interested in several manufacturing companies and social organizations. HILL. MILL. 303 He has been grand dictator of the Knights of Honor for Massachusetts ; a prominent member of the Free Congregational society of Florence, and member of the school board of Northampton. He has also served as alderman and ma\-or of Northampton. In his earlier years, Mr. Hill enjoyed considerable celebrity in the national game of base ball, having been captain of the Florence club, 1865, '66 and '67, when this team was one of the most noted in New England. He was also manager of the Florence Dramatic Club, organized in 1863 to raise funds wherewith to purchase and send supplies to the soldiers. This organ- ization is still in e.xistence. Mr. Hill was married in Northampton, July 7, 1869, to Kate Elizabeth, daughter of Eli and Julia C. (Clapp) F^dwards. Of this union were four children : Florence (Jaylord, Marion Louise, Annie Edwards and .Samuel Irving Hill (the last two de- ceased). HILL, Don GleaSON, son of George and Sylvia Hill, was born July 12, 1847, at West Medway, Norfolk county. His father, who was a carpenter, had not the means to give his children an education, but taught them his trade, at which Mr. Hill was early put to work in order to earn the money necessary for future study. By close application and strict economv he was enabled at an early age to attend school at the Wesleyan .\cademy, Wilbra- ham. He was educated at Amherst Col- lege, class of 1869, and at the law school of the LTniversity of .-\lbany, N. Y., from which he received the degree of LL. B., May, 1870, and .soon after was admitted to the bar of New York. Returning to Medway he was for a time a student in the office of Charles H. Deans, but in June, 187 1, he removed to Dedham, and entered the law office of the late Hon. Waldo Colburn. Upon the recommenda- tion of Mr. Colburn he was admitted to the Norfolk count)^ bar, September 25, 1871, and remained with him until June, 1875, when Mr. Colburn was appointed to the bench. Mr. Hill then began active practice in the office left him by his able instructor. In October, 1S75, a law partnership was formed with Charles A. Mackintosh, an- other of Judge Colburn's students, under the firm name of Hill & Mackintosh, which continued a number of years. For several years past Mr. Hill has devoted himself almost e.xclusively to practice in probate and real estate law and convey- ancing. In 1875 he succeeded Judge Colburn as attorney of the Dedham Institution for Savings, and is also one of its trustees ; he is also the attorney of the Braintree Savings Bank, and frequently employed by other banks throughout the county. In 1880 he was elected to, and has since con- tinued to hold, the office of town clerk of Deilham. He takes a lively interest in antiquarian pursuits, and has recently edited two important volumes of ancient records — one of the births, marriages, and deaths recorded with the town records from 1635 to 1S45 ; the other t)f the church records in DON GLEASON HILL. the town, covering the same period. .\t his suggestion, and under his direction, the town has caused them to be printed. In 1882 he was elected a selectman, assessor, and overseer of the poor, to which offices he has at times been re-elected, and at present is serving in the same capacity. He is a director in the Dedham Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and one of the trustees of the Dedham public library. The Dedham Historical Society, of which he is president, owes much of its present prosperity to his efforts during his membership. He has for several years been a member of the New England His- toric Genealogical Societv. 304 HILL. HILL. At the 250th anniversary of Dedham's incorporation, in 18S6, his familiarity with the ancient landmarks of the town ena- bled him to be of great service on the committee having in charge the marking of historic spots. The county commis- sioners of Norfolk county having deter- mined to have the proprietors' records in the ancient towns in the county tran- scribed, have recently appointed Mr. Hill to superintend this work. He is a member of the first committee appointed to distribute the interest of the fund recently bequeathed the town by the late Hannah Shuttleworth for the relief of the needy poor. The work of the com- mittee is to try to prevent people from becoming paupers, by assisting and ena- bling them to help themselves. In December, 1876, he married Carrie Louisa Luce of Dedham, and has five chil- dren : Carrie Frances, Helen Florence, Don Gleason, Jr., Maria Louisa, and Alice Laura Hill. HILL, Frederic Stanhope, son of Frederic Stanhope and Mary Welland (Blake) Hill, was born in Boston, August 4, 1829. He received his early educational train- ing in Brattleborough, Vt., and at the Friends' Academy, New Bedford. In 1842, following the fashion of other youths of Boston, and the traditions of his family, he went to sea, and as is the fre- quent e.xperience of those who for a few years are attracted by a sailor's life, he abandoned the ocean, was in California in i84Q-'5 I, then returned East. He was then emploved in the Boston post-office, 1852 to '56, and in the custom house, 1856 to '60, and at the same time he was a writer on the " Boston Post," and a regular corre- spondent of "The New Yorker," a literary journal of that city. At the outbreak of the civil war he was appointed acting master, United States navy, and ordered to the U. S. S. " Rich- mond." He was in all of Farragut's bat- tles, eight engagements, and at the admi- ral's special request, after the capture of New Orleans, in 1863 was promoted to lieutenant. United States navy, and ordered to a command on the blockade of the coast of Texas, and later commanded the iron- clad " Benton " and the " Tyler " in the Mississippi squadron. After the war was over, he resigned, and re-entering journalism, founded the " Daily News," Chester, Pa., and later the " Daily Pres.s," Middletown, N. Y., both still flour- ishing journals. He passed five years in Europe, and in 1886 he purchased the old " Cambridge Chronicle," Cambridge, which he owns and successfully manages at the present time. He has also done much other literary work in various directions. Mr. Hill is a warden and treasurer of Christ church, Cambridge, and a member of the Episcopalian Club of Massachusetts. He was married in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1 86 1, to Caroline, daughter of Samuel and Evelina (Brown) Tyson. Of this union isone child : Gertrude Blake Hill, who married Dr. Lawrence Montgomery Stanton of New York City. Mr. Hill is a member of the C. A. R. HILL, Hamilton Andrews, son of Hamilton and Anna (Andrews) Hill, was born in London, England, April 14, 1827. His early school training was received in the public schools of his native city. After coming to this country, he studied in Oberlin College, Ohio, of which his father was treasurer for many years. He left be- fore completing his full collegiate course, but subsequently received his degree of A. M. from that institution in 1867. He also received the honorary degree of A. M. from Williams College in 1868. He entered business life in Boston, in 1849, as a shipping and commission mer- chant, in the British-American and English trade. In 1867 he was made secretary of the Boston board of trade, and held the position until 1873. He has been secre- tary of the national board of trade, with a brief interval when he was living in Europe, since 1868. He was special com- missioner of the Chicago, Burlington & (^uincy R. R. Co., on European immigra- tion, from 1873 to '75. Mr. Hill was a member of the House of Representatives, 1878, '79, '80 and '81, serving as chairman of the committee on finance, and the committee on harbors and public lands. In 1878 and '79 he was a member of the board of state charities. He is a member of the American Philo- sophical Society, and of the American Historical Association. He is a vice-presi- dent of the American Statistical Associa- tion, and he has been a director in, and treasurer of, the American Social Science Association ; he was corresponding seci'e- tary of, and is now a director in, the New England Historic Genealogical Society, and a director in the Bostonian Society. He was chairman of a commission ap- pointed by the mayor of Boston to report upon annexation in 1873. Mr. Hill is the author of "A Memoir of Abbott Lawrence," "The History of the niLL. HILL. 305 Old South Church," aiul various commer- cial and historical pamphlets and reports ; he was contributor of one of the chapters in the " Memorial History of Boston," vol. iv., published by Ticknor & Co. Mr. Hill was married in Roxbury, May 4, 1859, to Miriam Phillips, daughter of Samuel Hurd and Mehetabel ' Sumner (Bates) Wallev. She died August 31, 1862. Mr. Hill's second marriage occurred in Boston, May 27, 1869, with Anna Frances, daughter of Charles and Mary Anna (Bachi) Carruth. He has two children : Anna Carruth and Hamilton Hill. HILL, Herbert E., son of Enos and Sarah (Randall) Hill, was born in Boston, December 18, 1845. He came of ances- tral stock noted in the annals of military fame. His father, a prosperous pierchant, losing his health through an accident, re- moved to Vermont, where he died, leaving a widow and five children. Herbert, the eldest son, received his education in the grammar and high schools of that state, and at the age of seventeen entered the ranks of the 8th Vermont vol- unteers ; was in every battle and skirmish after his enlistment with that famous regi- ment, in the campaigns in Louisiana, Miss- issippi, and the renowned campaign of Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley. After this campaign. Colonel Hill was detached from the regiment and assigned to duty at headquarters, in Washington, where, among other work, he was connected with the search for J. ^^■ilkes Booth, the assassin of Abraham Lincoln. He was promoted for meritorious conduct, and came home with a most honorable record. At the close of the war Colonel Hill re- turned to Boston, where he resided four years, and then removed to Somerville, his present residence. Governor Rice com- missioned him captain and senior aide-de- camp on the staff of General Moore, Massa- chusetts militia. Governor Talbot made him assistant adjutant-general of the State, with rank of colonel. He followed Colo- nel King as commander of Willard C . Kins- ley Post 139, G. A. R., of Somerville. For four years Colonel Hill was a department officer, G. A. R., serving in the council of administration as vice-commander of the department, and afterward was honored by being made vice-commander-in-chief of tlie G. .\. R. in the United States. No citizen of Somerville has done more than Mr. Hill to perpetuate historic spots and memories. The beautiful memorial battery on Central Hill, Somerville, the marble shaft on the battie-field of Win- chester, Va., and the monument on the bat- tle-ground of Cedar Creek are witnesses of his generosity and perseverance. No- vember 2, 1S66, the \'ermont Senate and House of Representatives unanimously adopted resolutions declaring " That the patriotic act of Col. Herbert E. Hill (now of Boston) in placing enduring monu- ments to mark these sacred spots, merits the gratitude of the people of this State, and we hereby tender him the thanks of the General -Assembly." Colonel Hill has written several war articles, descriptive of battle scenes, for the Vermont State Military History recently published, also a notable account of " Sher- idan's Ride," which has been copied by the press throughout the country. Politically, Colonel Hill has been promi- nent and active. In 1S80 he was chosen to bear the electoral vote of Massachu- setts to Washington for Garfield and Ar- thur. He was elected to represent Somer- ville at the centennial celebration at Le.K- ington and Concord ; had charge of the regimental troops at the centennial cele- bratipn. Bunker Hill, June 17, 1875; was on the Massachusetts examining board for admission of candidates to West Point, and was delegate to the Soldiers' national convention at Chicago. He was three years secretary of the Middlese.x Club, Boston, and personally secured from Gen- eral Grant a week's visit to the city of Bos- ton in 1880. Colonel Hill is a successful Boston mer- chant, a member of the large cotton house of Hill & Cutler ; he has never accepted local office except as commissioner of water- works, and in connection with charitable work, member of the board of overseers of the poor, and one of the board of man- agers of the Perkins Institution for the Blind, in Boston, and trustee of one of Moody's schools for Christian workers in Springfield. Colonel Hill was married at Somerville, on the 9th day of January, 1873, to J^mma O., daughter of Richard and Sarah Jane (Wheelwright) Rich. They have one child; Herbert Pierce Hill. HILL, Luther, son of Washington and .Mmira (Kent) Hill, was born in Spencer, \\'orcester countv, November 22, 1825. He obtained his early education in the common schools of his native town, sup- plemented by short terms of attendance at \\'ilbraham and Leicester academies. From the time he left school, at fourteen years of age, till he reached his majority, 3o6 HILL. HILL. his occupation was teaming, farming and clerking in his father's store. He was apt and ready, more fond of adventure than of stud_v. Soon after his majority he pur- chased a store in Spencer, where he carried on the business of general trade. He was soon appointed postmaster, which position he held eight years. He was also deputy sheriff under Col. James Esta- LUTHER HILL, brook, then Democratic sheriff of Worces- ter county. Mr. Hill was a Jeffersonian Democrat in those days, and a leader in that political faith up to the breaking out of the civil war, and for some time thereafter was classed as a "War Democrat." He was appointed a trial justice, and has tried more than six thousand criminal cases, there being no district court established in Spencer. Mr. Hill's law came to him by intuition, his decisions reaching to the justice of the case, trimmed of technicali- ties and quibbles. In 185 1 he sought the gold-fields of California, going by way of the Isthmus. En route he made the acquaintance of a gentleman with whom he formed a part- nership in the hotel business. In a few months he returned East, for the purpose of settling his affairs, e.vpecting to return to the Pacific slope for a permanent resi- dence. Circumstances, however, did not favor his return. His business in San Francisco was sold, and he remained in Massachusetts, retaining his former offices. Mr. Hill has always been distinguished for his public spirit, and is among the fore- most to advocate liberal appropriations for public schools, and the furnishing of suit- able buildings. It was largely through his influence that Spencer has a paying rail- road connecting the village with the Bos- ton & Albany. The town is also indebted to him for its excellent water and sewage systems. They are literally the work of his hands. The Spencer gas works are also the result of his public spirit. Mr. Hill is emphatically a self-made man, and his sympathies are with the labor- ing classes. He is a natural leader of men, prompt and fearless in following his convictions — never shirking a responsi- bility. His business life, successful as it has been, experienced a reverse in 1862 that left him without a dollar. This was brought about by the rebel Quantrell's raid into Kansas, burning the town of Lawrence, where Mr. Hill was so heavily mvolved that he was obliged to turn over all of his eastern property to his creditors. To a man of his energy this was, however, only a matter incident to chances in busi- ness life. Mr. Hill has represented his district in the Legislature for six times, five in the House, and once in the Senate. He has been selectman of Spencer thirteen years, and was the leading spirit in town affairs during the war, both before and after he left the ranks of the Democrats. He is the president and general manager of the Spencer Gas Company, and the Spencer Railroad Company. Mr. Hill was married in Spencer, March 2, 1856, to Louise A., daughter of Daniel and Fannie (Mead) Ciranger. They have no children. Mr. Hill is a staunch Republican. His attitude on the temperance question is most satisfactory to the friends of law and order. They rely upon him with implicit confidence to execute the law. He wor- ships with those " who live to help one another." This is his religion, but his con- tributions are liberal to the support of all church organizations in town, of whatever creed. HILL, William Henry (Jr.), onlv son of William H. and Abhy F. (Remich) Hill, was born in Boston, July 14, 1838. His early education was obtained in the private and public schools of Boston and HILL. IIILLMAX. 307 Roxbury. After his graduation from tiie Roxbury high school, he made an early connection in business as a clerk in the jiublishing firm of Sanborn, Carter & Ba- zin, and continued with their successors, Brown, Taggard & Chase. At his major- ity he became a partner in a publishing and book concern, under the firm name of Chase, Nichols & Hill. Two years later he retired from the firm and continued a book and publishing business under his own name for a period of six years, until the spring of 1869. Mr. Hill was married in Boston, January 8, 1S63, to Sarah E., daughter of William B. and Susan J. (AVarren) May. They have had as children : A\'arren May, Har- old St. Jar.iKs, Marion, Clarence Harvey, WILLIAM H. hILL. Spencer Richardson, Ernest Lawrence, William Henry Reginald, Donald Mackay, Barbara, Philip Sanford and Kenneth Amory Hill, of whom Harold, Barbara and Philip are deceased. Mr. Hill is at present a member of the firm of Richardson, Hill & Co., bankers, Boston. He is also president and general manager of the Boston & Bangor Steam- ship Company, and as president, director, or trustee is connected with, and interested in, many manufacturing, insurance, and transportation companies. -Mr. Hills career has been one of con- tinued growth and strength. It has been somewhat unusual in one regard : while the son of a prominent and wealthy merchant (one long known in the mercantile commun- ity of the city of Boston, especially among the older merchants, for his sagacity and integrity), yet he has by his own unaided efforts made his own fortune, and acquired a conspicuously honorable standing among the enterprising, successful, and reliable men of affairs in the city of his birth. HILL, William M., son of Alexander A. and Ruth (Millett) Hill, was born in Salem, Essex county, August 16, 1831. He received his early education in the public schools of Salem. Upon leaving school he learned the cur- rier's trade, and continued in various de- partments of that trade for twenty years. In 1884 he commenced in the real estate and fire insurance business at Salem, which he now carries on. He was for several years a member of the state detective force, chief of police in Salem three years ; served in the common council four years, being president of that body three years ; member of the school committee four years ; was trustee of the Salem water loan sinking fund for four years, and mayor of the city of Salem for 1883 and '84. He was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of Massachusetts, in which capacity he attended sessions of the Sovereign Grand Lodge at Denver, Col., in 1887, and at Los Angeles, Cal., in 1888. Mr. Hill was married at Salem to Annie M., daughter of Daniel B. and Nancy (Koote) Lord. He has one daughter: Annie Lord, wife of Edward F. Dalton of Salem. HILLMAN, BERIAH T., son of Owen and Charlotte Hillman, was born in Chil- mark, Dukes county, January 28, 1843. He received his early education in the public schools of his native town, and at the age of nineteen entered the normal school, Bridgewater, where he remained one term, then enlisted in company K. 43d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, which took part in the campaign under General Foster in North Carolina during the winter of i862-'63, and the following spring. The term of service of the regi- ment had expired and it had reached Bal- timore on its way home while the battle of Gettysburg was being fought. He then volunteered to go to the front, where he 3o8 HINCKS. HINCKS. remained until tlie Confederate army was all south of the Potomac. In the autumn of 1863 he re-entered the school, and remained there until the following summer, and then enlisted as 2d lieutenant in company C, 60th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers. Having served out his term of enlistment, he again returned to the normal school, and was graduated July 26, 1865. After graduating he engaged in teaching in the Boston " Farm school," and later in the towns of Chilmark, Barn- stable and Quincy. From 1874 to '76 he carried on a country store at West Tisbury. He is now a teacher in Chilmark. Mr. Hillman was married at Woonsocket, R. I., August 7, 1867, to Abby B., daugh- ter of Horace M. and Anna H. Pierce. Of this union are six children : Anna Helen, Horace Owen, Fannie Beal, Arthur Beriah, Walter Pierce and Charlotte Hill- man. Mr. Hillman has been treasurer of the town of Chilmark fifteen years, collector of taxes four years, and member of the school board seven years. He represented Dukes county in the Legislature, 1875 and '86, the latter year serving on the committee on education. He is a trial justice, and chairman of the Republican county and town committees. His church connections are with the M. Fl church, where he holds the positions of steward, trustee, class-leader, and Sun- day-school superintendent. He is secre- tary of the Dukes County Educational Association, and also of the Martha's Vineyard Agricultural Society. HINCKS, Edward W., son of Elisha and Elizabeth Hopkins (Wentworth) Hincks, was born in Bucksport, Hancock county. Me., May 30, 1830. He is a lineal descendant of Chief-Justice John Hincks, of New Hampshire, the first of the name to arrive in the country, and who was also president of the council both in New Hamp- shire and Massachusetts, almost continu- ously from 1683 to 1708. He received his early education in the common schools. He removed to Bangor, Me., 1845, and worked as printer on the Bangor "Whig and Courier" till 1849, when he went to Boston. He was a mem- ber of the House of Representatives, 1855. In December, i860, he tendered Major Robert Anderson a volunteer force to aid in the defense of Fort Moultrie. At the call of President Lincoln for troops, April 15, 1861, he was the first man in Massa- chusetts to offer his services to the gov- ernor for immediate duty, at 9 o'clock. A. M., of that day, and was directed by Governor Andrew to warn the companies of the 8th regiment, of which he was ad- jutant, to assemble at Faneuil Hall on the morning of the i6th. He became lieutenant-colonel of the 8th regiment, April 17th, and marched with it for Washington on the i8th. At Annapolis, Md., April 21st, he commanded a party that cut out and saved the frigate " Constitu- tion," and on the following day commanded another detachment that finally opened communications with Washington that had been closed for several days, since the EDWARD W. HINCKS. assault on the troops in Baltimore, April 19th. Reaching Washington with his regi- ment, April 26th, he was on that day com- missioned 2d lieutenant, 2d LT. S. regular cavalry, and May i6th, was promoted to the colonelcy of the 8th Massachusetts, which he commanded during its three months' term of service. August 3d, of this year, he was commis- sioned colonel of the 19th Massachusetts volunteers. He became brigadier-general of volunteers, November 29, 1862, was on court-martial duty in AVashington in the spring of 1863, and superintendent of re- cruiting service, provost marshal-general and military commander in New Hamp- shire, from July, 1863, to March, 1864, and HINSDALE. IIIXON. 309 commanded the camp of prisoners-of-vvar, Point Lookout, Md., March and April, 1864, and a division of the army of the James during field operations of that year. He commanded the draft rendezvous on Hart's Island, N. Y., October, 1864, and until the close of the war was chief mustering ofificer for the United States, in New York City and Harrisburg, Pa. He was breveted a brigadier-general, U. S. army, for gallant and meritorious services in the assault on Petersburg, Va., June 15, 1864, and major-general of volun- teers for meritorious services during the war, March 13, 1S65. He was governor of the National Sol- diers' Home from July 6, 1866, to March, 1867. Having been appointed lieutenant- colonel of the 40th U. S. infantry (regu- lars), July 28, 1866, he was provost marshal- general of North and South Carolina, in 1867 ; commanded the eastern district of North Carolina in 1868, and, on the reduc- tion of the army, was transferred to the 25th U. S. infantry, March 15, 1869, sta- tioned at New Orleans. In May, 1870, he was ordered to the southwestern frontier of Texas to oppose the Comanche Indians, then hostile to the United States. He was retired with the rank of colonel, December 15, 1870, on account of wounds. From 1872 to '80 he was deputy-governor and treasurer of the National Soldiers' Homes at Hampton, \'a., and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was wounded at the battle of Glen- dale, Va., June 30, 1862, and again severely — for a time supposed mortally — at the battle of Antietam, Md., September 17, 1862, and received injuries in the assault upon Petersburg, Va., June 15, 1864. From the effects of these wounds he still sulTers severely. HINSDALE, Henry, son of Chester and Lucy (Allen) Hinsdale, was born in Monroe, Franklin county, June 25, 1830. He received the thorough education of the common school, but his father being a poor man with a large family, he was then obliged to assist in the general support, and worked upon the farm for his board and clothes till he was twenty-eight years old. Upon the death of his father the farm fell to him and to his younger brother, and they conducted it together for five years, when his brother died, and he has since carried on the farm alone. On the 31st of August, 1862, in Florida, Mr. Hinsdale married Hannah L., daugh- ter of Joseph and Oratha (Whitcomb) Porter. Their children are : Lvman K. and Eunice M. Hinsdale. His wife died Jan- uary I, 1884, and on the 3d of April, 1885, he married Isabel A., daughter of Nahum P. and Sarah (Pettingill) Brown. As a philanthropist. Air. Hinsdale is an active agent in the work of the prevention of cruelty to children. He has held nearly all of the town offices, and he is a man highly respected by all who know him. His church relations are with the Universalists. HITCHCOCK, Calvin, .son of Abner and Susan (Gardner) Hitchcock, was born in Homer, Cortland county, N. Y., March 22, 1817, but was reared in Brimfield, Hampden county, Mass., the native place of his parents. He gleaned his knowledge of books from the public schools of those days, and from a few terms' attendance at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham. After passing through the vicissitudes of a poor New England boy during the hard and oppressive business years between 1825 and '50, he settled in Belchertown, in business with S. D. Greggs, and later with Joel Packard and George Chandler, as partners in the carriage business, with a country store as an annex. In 1858 he removed to Ware, where he now resides, and where he has carried on a general mercantile business for thirty-one years. Mr. Hitchcock was married in Belcher- town, October 16, 1846, to Delia, daughter of Lemuel and Erepta (Pike) Chandler. Of this union were two children : Charles C. and Julia E. (now Mrs. Webber, Den- ver, Col.). Mr. Hitchcock has been frequently called to serve in the local offices — assess- or, selectman, etc. He is trustee of Ware Savings Bank, and has been director in Ware National Bank for many years, and was representative to the General Court in 1888. In religion he is nominally an Orthodox, in politics he was originally a Whig, but has been associated with the Republican party from its inception, hav- ing been a member of the first convention called for consultation in the city of Wor- cester in 1854. HIXON, William Southerland, son of William F. and Eliza (Fancher) Hixon, was born in Cornwall, Orange county, N. Y., November 3, 1848. He received his early education in the public schools of his native town. He re- moved 'to Massachusetts in 1868, and in 1872 began business life in the provision business, Washington market, in the city of Boston. In 1879 he opened a wholesale conniiission business. He continued in 3>o HOAR. HOAR. this business until 1S84, when he became interested in the manufacture of soapstone, and is at present engaged in that industry. Mr. Hixon was married in Boston, December 11, 1875, to Martha L., daugh- ter of Ezekiel and Catherine (Ring) An- drews. Of this union were four children : Imogene Willis, Heulah .Sinclair, William Edwin and I.eona \\hitnev Hixon. WILLIAM S HIXON. Mr. Hixon served three years in the United States navy, having enlisted Janu- ary 17, 1864. He served on board the gunboat " Rhode Island," the "Saratoga " and the monitor "Chimo." He has been three times a delegate to the national encampment, G. A. R. ; three years treasurer of the Temple Council, R. A. ; treasurer of the Cone Axle Com- pany, and president of the Collett Car- brake Company. Mr. Hixon was a member of the common council of Chelsea in 1887 ; a member of the House of Representatives in 1888 and '89, serving upon the committee on harbors and public lands. His residence is Chelsea. HOAR, E. ROCKWOOD, son of Samuel and Sarah (Sherman) Hoar, was born in Concord, Middlesex county, February 21, 1816. He is the brother of the United States senator, George Frisbie Hoar, of Worcester. On the paternal side he is de- scended from a long line of cultured, patri- otic and influential ancestors ; and on the maternal side is a grandson of Roger Sher- man. Having been well fitted in primary and academic schools, he entered Harvard Uni- versity, from which he was graduated in the class of 1835. He then taught school a year in the city of Pittsburgh, Pa. ; later on he studied law in the law school of Harvard University, receiving therefrom his degree of LL. B. in 1839. The same year he was admitted to the bar. In 1846 he was elected to the state Senate ; served as judge of the court of common pleas from 1849 to '55, and judge of the supreme judicial court from 1859 to '69. The honorary degree of LL. D. was sub- sequently (186 1.) conferred by Williams, and a second time (1868) by his ahna mater, whom he has so long and faithfully served. For nearly a quarter of a century he was a member of the board of overseers of Harvard, and for nearly half of that period he served as president of the board. In March, 1869, Mr. Hoar was appointed by General Grant attorney-general of the United States, and discharged the duties of that office until June, 1870. This posi- tion, as member of the president's cabinet, and his confidential adviser on all points involving questions of inter-state or inter- national law, proved for him a school pre- paratory to the highest diplomatic triumph. In consultation with President Grant on the affairs and administration of the gov- ernment, its relations to foreign powers, and particularly to Great Britain, neces- sarily and frequently came under protract- ed discussion. The result was his appointment as one of the members of the joint high commis- sion which negotiated the treaty between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 187 1. The settlement of this treaty of Washington was one of the most notable events of the nineteenth century, dispos- ing, as it did, of five different subjects of controversy between Great Britain and the United States, some of which dated from the very proclamation of American Independence, and were perpetually rising to the surface of discussion to vex and dis- turb the good understanding between the kindred nations. The treaty has already attained the dignity of a monumental act in the estimation of mankind, and is des- tined to occupy hereafter a conspicuous place in the history of the diplomacy HOAR. HOAR. 311 and international jiirisjirudence of Europe and America. It has fallen to few men to perform such signal service to mankind in the removal of all difficulties between the friendly intercourse and beneficent co-oper- ation of the two leading powers of the world. The American nation owes and gladlv pays Judge Hoar the meed of a re- spectful and grateful acknowledgment, and the State of Massachusetts will long cher- ish the fame of the son who reflected such glory upon her training and institutions. Another and scarcely less conspicuous service, and one not so generally known, was his influential agency in arranging for the first loan made by the United States gov- ernment at another critical period of its history. He was one of a few patriotic citizens who, in connection with Secretary Chase and President Lincoln, successfully negotiated this important financial opera- tion with capitalists of Boston, New York and Philadelphia, instead of going abroad for assistance. Mr. Hoar was a presidential elector-at- large in 1872, and was elected to the 43d Congress as a Republican, receiving 11,742 votes against 5,989 cast for the Democratic nominee. Mr. Hoar was married in Concord, No- vember 20, 1840, to Caroline D., daughter of Hon. Nathan and Caroline (Downes) Brooks. Of this union were seven chil- dren : Caroline, Sarah Sherman (deceased), Samuel, Charles Emerson, Clara Downes, Elizabeth and Sherman Hoar. In a long and eventful life Mr. Hoar has belonged to many social and political clulis, but of all the organizations with which he has been connected, the Saturday Club has been to him the occasion of rarest delight and choicest companionship, meeting there in fraternal converse the artistic and liter- ary stars, \\\m&&\i parnobile fratrum, which have shone so brilliantly in the firmament of belles-lettres. HOAR, George FRISBIE, was horn in Concord, Middlesex county, August 29, 1826. John Hoar, Senator Hoar's earliest ancestor, in Massachusetts, was one of three brothers who came with their wid- owed mother from Gloucestershire, Eng- land, in early colonial days. One brother, Leonard Hoar, was one of the early presi- dents of Harvard College. Senator Hoar's father, Samuel Hoar, was one of Massa- chusetts' great legal lights, contemporary with Mason, Webster and Choate. His mother, Sarah Sherman, was the youngest daughter of Roger Sherman of Connecti- cut. After the school-days spent in Concord Academy, he entered Harvard College, and was graduated in the class of 1846. Choosing the law for his profession, he studied at the Harvard law school, and in the office of the late Judge Thomas in Worcester. Upon his admission to the bar, in 1849, he began practice in Worces- ter, and that city has ever since been his home. He was for a time associated in practice with the late Hon. ?>mory Washburn, and later with the Hon. Charles Devens and J. Henry Hill. He quickly rose to a very high rank in his profession. Mr. Hoar married, in 1853, Mary Louisa Spurr, who died a few years after, leaving a son, Rockwood, and a daughter, Mary, both of whom are living. In 1862 he mar- ried Ruth Ann Miller. Mr. Hoar's first appearance in political life was as chairman of the committee of the Free Soil party for Worcester county in 1849, which was more efficiently organ- ized there than in any other county in the United States. In 1851, at the age of twenty-five he was elected a representa- tive to the General Court. He was the youngest member of that body, and be- came the leader of the coalitionists in law matters, antl to him was given the task of drawing resolutions protesting against the compromise measures of the national government in 1S50. In 1847 he became a member of the state Senate and chair- man of its judiciary committee. In that capacity he drew a masterly report, de- fining the boundaries of the executive and legislative authority. While burdened with professional, state and national affairs, he was yet always ready to render service in behalf of enter- prises for the public welfare of his own city. He aided in the establishment of a free public library and reading-room, was a member of the board of directors, and one of its early presidents. He aided in founding the Worcester County Free Insti- tute of Industrial Science (now the Worces- ter Polytechnic Institute). He was also an early advocate of woman suffrage, hav- ing made an address on that subject in Worcester in 1868, and before a legislative committee in 1869. In 1868 i\Ir. Hoar was elected a represen- tative in Congress, as the successor of the late Hon. John D. Baldwin. In this Con- gress (the 41st) he served as a member of the committee on education and labor, and his chief work was the preparation and ad- vocacv of the bill for national education. 312 HOAR. IIOBART. During his first term in Congress, Mr. Hoar, by a timely and convincing speech, saved the bureau of education, when the committee on appropriations had reported it ought to be aboHshed. In this Congress, too, he vindicated General Howard from the charges preferred b)' Fernando Wood, supported Sumner in his opposition to President Grant's Santo Domingo scheme, and became knowm as a formidable antag- onist in debate. In the next Congress (the 42d) Mr. Hoar, b)' his conscientious and judicious dealing in contested election cases, was notably regarded as an impartial judge, honored by Republicans and Demo- crats alike. In the 43d and 44th Con- gresses he was the life and power of many movements in behalf of education, labor and internal improvements. In the man- agement of the impeachment of Secretary GEORGE F. HOAR. Belknap, in 1876. he awoke the conscience of the people, and gave the initial impulse to the wave of official and political reform whicli has not yet spent its force. But Mr. Hoar's most distinguished ser- vice in the 44th Congress was that con- tributed to the delicate and important work so successfully accomplished by the Electoral Commission. He declined re- nomination for representative in the 45tii Congress. Mr. Hoar was elected to the United States Senate, as a Republican, to succeed George S. Boutwell, taking his seat March 5, 1877. He was re-elected in 1883 and again in i88g without a note of party dissent, a distinction not accorded to anv man since the days of Webster and Sumner. His present term expires in 1S95. In the Senate Mr. Hoar has been a member, and for some years chairman, of the committee on privileges and elections, and a member of the committee on claims, on the judiciary, library and others of less importance. In general, Mr. Hoar has occupied him- self in Congress with matters of wide scope and fundamental importance. His powerful arguments in the Senate on the tariff issues are embalmed in the classics of forensic debate. Mr. Hoar presided over tlie Republican state conventions of i87i,'77, '82 and '85, was a delegate to the national Republican conventions of 1876, '80 and '84, presid- ing over that of 1880. He was regent of the Smithsonian In- stitute in 1880 ; was vice-president and is now ]:)resident of the American Antiqua- rian Societv; is a trustee of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology; is a member of the Massachusetts Historical Societ}'; was an overseer of Harvard College, i874-'8o, and has been officially connected with many other educational institutions. The record of Senator Hoar is one re- plete with brilliant and patriotic service to the State, whose favorite son he stands to-day. In every position of honor and responsibility to which he in a long and eventful career has been called to fill, not a single instance can be mentioned wherein he has failed to correctly interpret and energetically defend the public voice of his constituents. Nor has his powerful in- tluence been confined to the border of his own loved Commonwealth. The nation claims him as one of its strong, wise, in- corruptible leaders. His conservatism is founded upon the faith given the early fathers. His radical views are in a line with a quickened public conscience, and keenly alive to the maintenance of an abso- lutely free and enlightened Republic. He is indeed " one of a thousand " — one whom the old Bay State delights to honor. HOBART, FRANCIS A., son of John A. and Ann Francis (Arnold) Hobart, was born in Braintree, Norfolk county, Sep- tember 18, 1833. He worked on a farm till nineteen years of age, gathering a com- mon school education the while, and then HOBART. HOBBS. 313 entered a boot and shoe store in Boston, at fifty dollars a year. When twenty years old he became a partner in the boot and shoe firm of Holbrook iS: Arnold, afterwards Holbrook, Hobart & Porter, in which he continued until 1882, when he retired from active business. FRANCIS A. HOB» January 1, 1855, Mr. Hobart was mar- ried in Boston, to Susan A., daughter of Joel E. and Susan A. Holbrook. Their two children are : Ella S. and John 1'. Hobart. \\'hen only twent\'-one years old, Mr. Hobart was taking an active part in poli- tics, and was chosen chairman of the Re- ]iublican town committee, which office he held for thirty years. He has also been a member of the state central committee for eighteen years. He was sent from Brain- tree as representative to the state Legisla- ture in i860 and '6r, and was a member of the Senate in 1865, '69 and '70. He was a delegate to the national Republican con- vention at Chicago in 1880, and was one of the famous " 306 " who voted for General Grant. He has been a trustee of the Brain- tree Savings Bank ever since its incorpora- tion, and for two years was president of the Braintree Water Company. Mr. Hobart has always resided in Brain- tree, where he has been moderator of the town meetings for nearly twenty years, having served eighty-two times. He is chairman of the committee which erected the Soldiers' Monument, and delivered the centennial address, by invitation of the town in 1876. He is a highly respected citizen, and has been frequently entrusted with man\- other local offices of responsi- bility. HOBBS, George Miller, son of Wil- liam and Maria (Miller) Hobbs, was born in Waltham, Middlesex county, April 11, 1827. He attended the common schools of his native place until the age of twelve, when he was placed in a store in Cambridge, where he remained three years. During this time he came in daily contact with many law students, whose superior attain- ments inspired him with an ambition to make himself an equal with them. As a beginning, he took up the study of Latin, without a teacher, the only time attainable for the object being after the shutters were put up at nine o'clock at night. With the small amount of Latin thus obtained, and without knowing a letter of the Greek alphabet, he placed himself under the care of that most e.xcellent scholar and woman, Mrs. Ripley, at Waltham and at Concord for one year, when he presented himself for examination for Harvard. He success- fully passed the same, and was matriculated as a member of the freshman class, gradu- ating in the class of 1850. After graduation Jre was engaged as a private tutor in Upper Marlborough, Md., and then went to Ale.Kandria, Va., where he remained for some years, teaching. He then returned, to Cambridge, entered the law school, receiving his degree therefrom in 1857. While there he acted as proctor, and was librarian of the law school for a year. He was admitted to the bar in Bos- ton in 1858, and immediately after became associated with the Hon. Edward Avery, which connection has ever since con- tinued. Mr. Hobbs was married in Boston, Octo- ber 26, 1859, to Annie M., daughter of Dr. Samuel and Ann (Carter) Morrill. Of this union are two children : Alice Avery and Edith Morrill Hobbs. Mr. Hobbs was a member of the House of Representatives in 1868 ; a member also of the Roxbury and Boston school boards for twenty-three years, serving as president of the Boston board two years. He was one of the water commissioners for the city of Boston two years. In connec- tion with his partner, Mr. Avery, he pub- 314 HODGDON. HODGKINS. lished a work on bankruptcy, upon the enactment of the bankrupt act. He has been law reporter for the " Bos- ton Post " for twenty-five years, writing many of the reviews and notices of law books published in that paper. HODGDON, Richard Lord, son of Richard and Eunice (Lord) Hodgdon, was born in South Berwick, York county, Maine, April 1 1, 1825. His foundation training was received in the public schools of those days, and his preparation for a classical course in college acquired at South Berwick Academy. En- tering Bowdoin College in 1841, he finished the course and was graduated therefrom in 1845. Choosing the medical profession, he entered the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelpiiia, from which he received his diploma in 1S52. ].)r. Hodgdon began the practice of med- icine in West Cambridge (now Arlington), in 1853, where he has since resided. Dr. Hodgdon was married in West Cam- bridge, November 9, 1854, to Maria W., daughter of Dr. Timothy and Lydia (Yates) Wellington. The children of this union are : Frank W., Andrew H., and Ellen W. Hodgdon. Dr. Hodgdon has been a member of the school committee for many years, and also superintendent of schools. He has also been a member of the state board of lunacy and charity. HODGKINS, William E., .son of Jo- seph W. and Sarah (Barnes) Hodgkins, was born in Plymouth, Plymouth county, September 26, 1829. The common and high schools of Plym- outh furnisned his early education. After leaving school he entered his father's tail- oring establishment in Plymouth. Coming to Boston shortly afterwards, he entered the employ of Charles A. Smith, who had about that time leased the old state-house, after the removal of the post-office to Mer- chants E-xchange on State Street, where he remained until 1S66, in which year the firm again changed its location to its present commodious quarters on School Street. From this time, and by this change, the business received a new impetus, and met with phenomenal success, not only retain- ing the first-class trade which they then enjoyed, but increasing the same nearly three-fold. In 1867 Mr. Hodgkins formed a co-part- nership with Mr. Smith, under the firm name of Charles A. Smith & Co., and dur- ing their long business career thev b.ave catered to the wants of three generations, and numbered among their customers many of the most distinguished men in the coun- try. Mr. Hodgkins has taken many trips abroad in the interests of the business which he has so judiciously and success- fully managed. He was the first president of the Boston Tailors' E.xchange, having been instru- mental in its organization. He was second vice-president of the Merchant Tailors' National E.xchange, which was organized in Philadelphia in 1866. He has been in- variably prominent in promoting the inter- ests of his trade, and is looked to as an WILLIAM E HODGKINS. authority in his particular line. In 1874 Caleb G. Beal, whose previous energy and tact had added much to the success of the firm, was admitted as co-partner in the business. Mr. Hodgkins has a son con- nected with him in the house, thus com- pleting a third generation engaged in the same pursuit. Mr. Hodgkins was married in Cam- bridge, September 7, 1853, to Ann M., daughter of Captain John (U. S. N.) and Eliza (Candler) Bubier of Marblehead. Of this union were five sons and one daugh- ter : William C, Joseph W., Susan C, Ed- ward W., Arthur B. (deceased), and Howard G. Hodgkins. On the maternal side Mr. HOLBROOK. HOLLEY. 315 Hodgkins is descended from John Barnes, one of the earliest settlers of Plymouth colony. HOLBROOK, ELISHA EVERETT, son of Elisha N. and Relief Holbrook, was born in Holbrook (then East Randolph), Norfolk county, April 23, 1835. After completing the public school course, he finished his school life at Phil- lips Academy, Andover, and entered busi- ness in connection with his father in the manufacture of boots and shoes, being in due time admitted to partnership un- der the firm name of E. N. Holbrook & Son. The upright private life and successful business career of Mr. E. N. Holbrook formed an essential element in the growth and welfare of his native town for more than half a century. It was largely in consequence of his energy, judgment, and munificence that East Randolph was made a separate town, and, as a voluntary trib- ute from the citizens, it was re-christened Holbrook. No small part of the inheritance of his son is the thorough integrity, relig- ious principle, and unassuming benevo- lence which were the strong characteris- tics of the father. Mr. Holbrook's life has not been event- ful in a public way, but has been a source of good to the community and to a large circle of devoted friends. He was the first Republican representative to the Gen- eral Court after the incorporation of the town. He is a director of the Randolph National Bank, and an active member of the Winthrop Congregational church. Mr. Holbrook was married in December, 1865, to Mary Jane, daughter of Rev. Dr. Russell of Holbrook, and has two daugh- ters : J. Louise and Mary S. Holbrook. The death of his wife occurred in 1886. In February, 1889, he married Mrs. Isabel N. Dana of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Mr. Holbrook has spent two years in European travel and several winters in the South, having retired from active manufac- turing business soon after the death of his father, in 1872. HOLLEY, Richard, son of Richard and Patience Hoi ley, was born at Edgar- town, Dukes county, on the island of Martha's Vineyard, January 30, 1829. His early education was limited, being such as was obtainable by attendance u|inn the common schools until the age of thir- teen, when he slii|5ped for a whaling voyage and " completed his education " — as appears from the biographical sketches of members of the General Court of 1875 — " in the North and South Pacific." Hav- ing decided to make whaling his vocation in life, Mr. Holley entered upon the pros- ecution of the work with characteristic energy and perseverance. Two voyages of twenty-two and thirty-two months re- S|3ectively made him a boat-steerer, in which capacity he displayed such pro- ficiency in general seamanship, as well as skill and pluck in the taking of whales, that on the succeeding voyage he was pro- moted at once over the intervening grades to the first officer, and at the early age of twenty-three was given the command of the ship " Washington," of New Bedford, Jonathan Bourne, agent — being, with one e.xception, the youngest shipmaster from the Vineyard. He then commanded in the order named, ship " Thomas Nye, " Thomas Nye, Jr., agent; bark " Waverley," D. B. Kempton, agent — which was taken from him and burned by the " Shenan- doah " in Behring Strait in 1865 — and the bark "Islander," all of New Bedford, and the last two under the same agency. In all of these voyages he was uniformly suc- cessful, enjoying the unbounded confidence of agents and owners. Retiring from the whaling service with a competency in 1869, he continued to reside in his native town, enjoying the fruits of his enterprise and industry, and without active employment until 1877, when he became interested in the grocery business, and continues so engaged at the present time. He married, in Edgartown, 1852, So- phronia S., daughter of S. W. Lewis of that town. Though never a seeker for local offices. Captain Holley has always taken an active and intelli.gent interest in home affairs, generally contributing to the discussion of matters coming before the town for its action, and rendering acceptable service on its committees. Notable among these were the committees appointed to oppose the division of the town in 1879 and '80, of both of which he was a member, resist- ing division in the former year, but favor- ing a settlement when the question again came before the Legislature in 1880. He has also taken a deep interest in the fish- ing industries incident to his island home, always and actively espousing the cause of the resident fishermen against outside aggressive or local monopolies, which he believes prejudicial to the general weal. He was twice returned to the General Court (in 1875 and '76^ where he rendered 3i6 HOI. MAN. HOLMES. good service on committees and in gen- eral legislation, and to the acceptance of the great body of his constituents at home. HOLMAN, Frank Edward, son of Asa and Caroline I). (Sawyer) Holnian, was born in Clinton, Worcester county, August 8, 1853. His ancestor settled in Bolton, and held |5rominent social positions in that town. He received his early training in the public schools of Clinton and Cambridge, but has acquired no meagre fund of prac- tical knowledge from the exercise of his love for general reading. April, 1870, he entered the employ of H. E. Starbird, hardware dealer, remained as clerk until January i, 1875, then was admitted as a partner, with firm name of H. E. Starbird & Co. This relationship existed until April, 1884, when the firm was dissolved by the death of Mr. Starbird. From 1884 until the present time the busi- ness has been carried on by Mr. Holman, under the business signature of F. E. Hol- man & Co., he being the sole active and managing partner. Mr. Holman was married in Shirley, November 24, 1886, to Nellie C, daugh- ter of N. C. and Lucy E. (Hathaway) Munson. Mr. Mun.son was the contractor who filled up the Back Bay in Boston. Mr. Holman has been a member of the school board since 1885. He was elected to represent his district (13th Worcester) in the House of Representatives in 1888, and served on the committee on mercantile affairs. He was re-elected in 1889, and assigned to drainage committee. In poli- tics he is a Republican. Mr. Holman has been for some year> chairman of the parish committee of the Unitarian society, and an active member in the work pertaining to it. He is a director in the Clinton board of trade. HOLMES, HORACE M., son of Jesse C. and Orinda (Oakes) Holmes, was born in Waterville, Lamoille county, Vt., Novem- ber 2, 1826. His early education was accomplished in the schools of his native town and at the Bakersfield Academical Listitute, Ba- kersfield, Vt. Thereafter, for a short period, he taught school in Illinois and in Pittsfield, Mass.; then studied medicine with the late Drs. H. H. & T. Childs, graduating at the Berkshire Medical Col- lege in November, 1852. Soon after grad- uating he moved to .^dams, where he has since lived and practiced his profession. He is also a partner in the firm of F. E. Mole & Co., druggists, and dealers ii. hardware, paints, etc. On the nth of October, 1855, Dr. Holmes was married in Pittsfield, to Helen C, daugliter of Merrick and Susan (Big- elow) Ross. His wife died December 11, 1880. Their two children are : Jessie R. and Harry B. Holmes. Dr. Holmes is a charter member of the Berkshire lodge, F. & A. M., and for two years was its master. Since its organiza- tion, in i860, he has been a vestryman of St. Mark's Episcopal church, and was for several years chairman of the board of health. In 1878 and '79 he was elected to the Legislature from the towns of Adams and North Adams, and served on the com- mittee on public health. He has never been an aspirant for political honors, much HORACE M HOLMES. preferring to devote his time wholly to his profession ; but in the course of his active and valuable life he has filled various offices in the Berkshire Medical .Societv, of which he was president in 1881 and '82. HOLMES, HOWLAND, was born in Halifax, IMymouth county, January 16, 1815. He is a lineal descentlant on his mother's side from John Alden, the Pilgrim, HOLMES. HOL.MES. 317 and on his father's side from John Holmes, who was in Plymouth in 1632. His education began in the district school in an outer district in the sparsely populated town of Bridgewater, and was continued in Bridgewater Academy, and in Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H. He took the degree of A. B. in 1843, ''"d his degree of A. M. in 1846 — both from Har- vard University. He spent a year in Eu- rope in attending a course of lectures at L' Ecolc de Medicine, in Paris, antl in the hospitals of Paris and London. He took his medical degree from Harvard Univer- sity in 1848, and became a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society the same year. He began practice in West Cambridge (now Arlington), and moved to Lexington in 185 I, where he is now in active success- ful practice. He served several years as vice-president and president of the Mid- dlesex South District Medical Society, and many years as councilor of the parent society, which he represented in 1876 at the annual meeting of the New Hampshire Medical Societ\', in 1S82 at the annual meeting of the State of Maine Medical Association, and in 1884 at the American Medical Association, at Washington, D. C. He has published several works — among them a paper on " Puerperal Con- vulsions," one on "Imperforate Anus," antl another on "Tetanus following Labor," etc. He was the originator of the society for shading the streets and public places in Lexington, 1853, and one of the first mem- bers of the Lexington Farmers' Club, 1854. He was instrumental in founding two public town libraries — one in Plym- outh county, for which he rendered pecu- niary assistance, the other in Middlesex county, where, at his request, a person of wealth founded a free town library, the name and the form of trusteeship being furnished by him. He has held a commission of justice of the peace about twenty-five years. He has held the office of town physician sev- eral years, both in West Cambridge and Lexington, and was a trustee of the public library in West Cambridge. He was chairman of the town committee to induce the trustees of the agricultural college to locate it in I,exington. He was one of the general centennial committee for the ob- servance of April 19, 1875, in that place ; chairman of the town committee to induce the trustees of the state normal school to re-locate it there ; chairman of the com- mittee to resist before the Legislature the efforts of the town of Arlington to take water from Vine Brook. He was for many years a member of the school committee, both in M'est Cambridge and Lexington, wrote some of the annual reports, and served on other committees of importance. He is a resident member of the New England Historic Genealogi- cal Society. HOWLANO HOLMES. He has lived the quiet life of a country physician, who, penniless and without the aid of wealthy friends, by indomitable perseverance in teaching and studying alternately, secured his credentials for future usefulness and activity. He married in Albany, N. Y., August 28, 1849, S. Maria W., daughter of William Cotting, of West Cambridge, and has two children. HOLMES, Nathaniel, son of Samuel and Mary (Annan) Holmes, was born at Peterborough, Hillsborough county, N. H., July 2, 1814. His ancestors of the names Holmes, Hunter, Moore, Allison, Steele, McFarland, Smith, Harkness and Annan, came from Scotland and the North of Ire- land, and were among the earlier settlers of Peterborough and Londonderry, N. H. He lived with his parents on a farm in Peterborough until seven years of age, and 318 lUH.MES. HOLMES. then at Springfickl, \'t., where his father had a maehine shop and cotton factory. Soon after the death of his mother, in 182S, he returned with his father to tiie farm in Peterborough. He attended the common schools of those places, and at the age of ten years began the study of Latin with the Rev. Addison Brown, of Peterborough, and con- tinued the same at the academy in Chester, Vt., under the Rev. Uriah Burnap. After pursuing English studies for one term at the academy in New Ipswich, N. H., he was sent, in the summer of 1831, to Phil- lips Academy, Exeter, N. H., to fit for n -^ NATHANIEL HOLMES college, entered Harvard College in 1833, and graduated in the class of 1837. He was a member of several college societies, and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society at the end of his junior year. While continuing his studies, he taught school in winter at Milford, N. H., Billerica and Leominster, Mass., and in Weld's Latin school at Lamaica Plain. In the first year after leaving college he was engaged as a private tutor in the family of the Hon. John N. Steele, near \'ienna, on the eastern shore of Maryland, where he began the study of law. In i838-'39 he completed his legal studies in the Harvard law school, at Cambridge, and in the otifice of Henry H. Fuller, of Boston. On being admitted to the bar in Boston, in September, 1839, he went directly to St. Louis, Mo., and began practice there in 1840. In the next year he entered into partnership with Thomas B. Hudson, who had been several years in practice, and from 1846 to '53 was in part- nership with his younger brother, Samuel A. Holmes. In 1846 he was appointed circuit attor- ney for the county of St. Louis, and be- tween 1850 and '55 was a director of the St. Louis Law Library Association, and held for two years the office of counselor of the board of St. Louis public schools, having important litigation concerning lands granted by Congress for the use of schools. Following changes in the direct- ory of the North Missouri Railroad Com- pany, occasioned by the war, he was chosen counselor of that corporation in 1862, and held the place until June, 1865, when he became one of the judges of the supreme court of the state, b}" the appointment of Gov. Thomas C. Fletcher, under the new constitution. He resigned this office in 1868 to accept the Royall professorship of law in Harvard Universitv, and upon resig- nation thereof, in 1872, he returned to the practice of law' at St. Louis. He was for several years, and while re- siding at St. Louis, one of the trustees of the St. Louis Medical College. In 1S56 he took part in organizing the Academy of Science of St. Louis, and was for twenty- two years its corresponding secretary, and assisted in editing its published transac- tions. He received the degree of A. M. from Harvard L^niversity in 1859. In 1870 he was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, in the section of philosophy and jurisprudence. Judge Holmes retired from prt)fessional business at St. Louis in 1883, and returned to Cambridge, Mass., where he now re- sides. His judicial opinions are contained in vols, xxxvi. to xlii. of the Missouri Reports. A paper on the " Geological and Geographical Distribution of the Human Race " was read before the St. Louis Academy of Science, in 1879, and was pub- lished in vol. iv. of the Transactions. Between 1874 and '82 he delivered sev- eral lectures and addresses at St. Louis, some of which were printed in public jour- nals. In 1 866 he published a book on the "Authorship of Shakespeare," of which a third edition with an appendix was issued in 1875, and a last edition, in two volumes with a supplement, in 1886 ; and in 18SS HOLMES. HOLMES. 3^9 was published liis latest work, entitled " Realistic Idealism in Philosophy Itself," in two volumes. HOLMES, Oliver Wendell, was born in Cambridge, Middlesex county, August 29, 1809. He was the son of the Rev. Abie! Holmes, I). I)., and Sarah (Wendell) Holmes. His father was a native of Wood- stock, Conn., a graduate of Yale in the class of 1783, and pastor of the First Con- gregational church, Cambridge, 1792 to 1832. His mother was the daughter of the Hon. Oliver Wendell of Boston, a graduate of Harvard, and the son of Hon, Jacob Wendell, an eminent Boston merchant. Dr. Holmes obtained his preparatory education under the tuition of various instructors, during the year i824-'5 at Phillips Academy, Andover, and matricu- lated at Harvarci, graduating therefrom in the famous class of 1829. .\fter graduation he devoted a year to the study of law, but not finding it quite congenial to his tastes, abandoned it for that of medicine. In 1S33 he visited Europe, previous to which he had chosen the medical profession, and for two years and six months had studied with Dr. James OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. Jackson and his associates. While in Europe he attended L' Ecolc de AleJiciiic, Paris, and spent between two and three years in attendance on the hospitals in Europe. In 1835 he returned to Boston, rejoined the medical school of Harvard University, and in 1836 received his degree of M. D. In 1838 he became professor of anatomy and physiology in Dartmouth College, and on the resignation of Dr. John C. Warren, in 1847, was elected his successor to the chair of anatomy in the medical department of Harvard University. In 1849 he retired from general practice, and although holding his professorship, he devoted himself now more especially to the pursuit of letters. He is still Profes- sor Emeritus, Harvard University. He is professionally distinguished as an accurate anatomist and skillful microscopist and auscultator. But the widest fame of Oliver Wendell Holmes is as a poet, wit, and man of let- ters. From boyhood the Muse has been his constant attendant, and while the sun of prosperity has wooed him to enjoy, the genius of his life, the love of the beauti- ful, has led him on to accomplish. Many of his most charming effusions have never been embalmed save in the memory of his friends ; but his best known works are " Terpsichore," " Urania," " Astrasa," " Autocrat of the Breakfast Table," " Professor at the Breakfast Table," " El- sie Venner," "The Guardian Angel," " Songs of Many Seasons," Memoirs of John I,. Motley, Ralph \\"aldo Emerson, etc. During the winter Dr. Holmes resides principally in Boston. He was married June 15, 1840, to Amelia Lee, daughter of Hon. Charles Jackson, of Ijoston. Of this union were born three children : Oliver Wendell, Jr. (associate iustice of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts), Amelia Jack.son (widow of the late Turner Sargent), and Edward Jackson Holmes. HOLMES, Oliver Wendell, Jr., son of C)liver Wendell and Amelia Lee (Jack- son) Holmes, was born in Boston, March 8, 1 84 1. His early educational training and prep- aration for college was obtained in E. S. Dixwell's private Latin school. He was graduated from Harvard College in the class of 1861. At the breaking out of the civil war he entered the service of his country, and was commissioned first lieutenant in the 20th Massachusetts volunteer infantry ; was promoted to captain ; wounded in the breast at the battle of Ball's Bluff, Octo- ber 21, 1861 ; wounded in the neck at 320 HOMANS. HO. MANS. Antietam, September 17, 1S62, and in the foot at second Fredericksburg, May, 1863 ; commissioned lieutenant-colonel, but not mustered, and finally was promoted to brevet-colonel U. S. volunteers. Mr. Holmes, on returning from the war, having chosen the profession of law, pur- sued his studies at the Harvard law school, then with Robert M. Morse, Jr., and later with G. O. Shattuck, Boston, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1866. He edited the twelfth edition of " Kent's Commentaries," since recognized as the standard edition of that famous work, also the "American Law Review " for three years. He then went into active practice with Shattuck &: Munroe, the firm name being Shattuck, Holmes & Munroe. He gave at the Lowell Institute a course of lectures upon the common law, which were subsequently published in book form, and it was this work that placed him at once in the front rank of profound legal thinkers, giving him not only a national, but a world-wide reputation ; and it was this, undoubtedly, which led to his selection as professor in the Harvard law school in 1882, and in December of the same year to his appointment as associate justice of the supreme judicial court, which honorable position he still holds. Li 1886 Yale conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. Judge Holmes was married in Boston, June 17, 1872, to Fanny Bowditch (Dix- well). They have no children. HOMANS, John, son of John and Caroline (\\'alker) Homans, was born in Boston, November 26, 1836. He fitted for college in the Boston Latin school, entered Harvard College, and was graduated in the class of 1858. Choosing the profession of medicine and surgery, he entered the Harvard medical school in 1858, from which he was graduated M. D. in the class of 1862. Dr. Homans comes from old revolutionary stock, his grand- father. Dr. John Homans, having been a surgeon at Bunker Hill and during the revolutionary war. In 1862 he was appointed assistant-sur- geon, U. S. army (regulars), holding a commission till 1865. He was on General Banks's staff in the department of the Gulf, and in charge of St. James Hospital in New Orleans ; was afterwards medical inspector of the middle military division, on the staff of Major-General Sheridan, in 1864 and '65. He was also assistant-sur- geon in the United States navy in 1861 and a portion of 1862, before he entered the army. He is surgeon upon the regular staff of the Massachusetts General Hos- pital, and a general surgeon in very active practice; consulting surgeon to the Carney Hospital, and the Children's Hospital ; is member of the Military Historical Society of ^lassachusetts, the Boston Society for Medical Improvement, the American Acad- emy of Arts and Sciences, and numerous other societies connected with his profes- sion. JOHN HOMANS. Dr. Homans is Harvard Lfniversity lec- turer on the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian tumors, and is one of the leading ovariotomists in the country, and although a visiting surgeon of one of our largest metropolitan hospitals, it is especially dur- ing the last sixteen years that his name has been connected with the practice of abdominal surgery. Up to the present time he has opened the abdominal cavity for the removal of ovarian or other tumors, or for other diseases and injuries, about seven hundred times. Dr. Homans was married in Boston, De- cember 4, 1872, to Helen Amory, daughter of William and Catherine Callender (.'^mory) Perkins. Of this union were six children : Robert, Katherine Amory, John Alden, Marion Jackson, Helen and William Perkins Homans. HOOKER. HOPKINS. HOOKER, Henry, son of William and Octavia (Hale) Hooker, was born in West- field, Hampden county, Jime 27, 1820. He attended the district school imtil ten years of age, then four years in the West- field Academy, of which Rev. Kmerson Davis was principal. At the age of fifteen years he was inden- tured until his majority to the Phoeni.K Bank of Hartford, Conn. He was in the employ of that bank twelve years, serving through the various grades of clerkship. In August, 1847, he received the appoint- ment of cashier of the Mahaiwe Bank of (ireat Barrington, which office he held till August, 1 85 1, when he resigned it to ac- cept a similar position in the Westfield bank. In 1864 this bank was merged with the First National Bank, to the cashiership of which he succeeded, which position he still holds. He is now, and has been since its organization, the treasurer of the Bay State Beneficiary Association. Mr. Hooker was married in Greenfield, October 10, 1844, to Sarah, daughter of Richardson and Sybilla (Hale) Hall. Of this union are two children : Charles Hall Hooker (now with Kidder, Peabody tV Co., Boston), and Lucy Ashman Hooker (now Mrs. John Cotton Eastman, New Haven, Conn.). Mr. Hooker has been treasurer of the Second Congregational church of West- field for many years. He is a representa- tive bank cashier, devoting his life to the theory and practice of banking, havini; .served a long series of years to the accejjt- ance of the public, and always secure in the confidence of bank ofiicers and asso- ciates. He is a lineal descendant of Rev. Thomas Hooker, of Hartford, Conn. HOOPER, George Mitchell, son of Mitchell and Jane (Mitchell) Hooper, was born in Bridgewater, Plymouth county, September i, 1838. After his district school preparation he attended Bridgewater Academy, and Pierce Academy, Middleborough. He was grad- uated from the Bridgewater state normal school, February 17, 1857. In 1859 he first engaged in business as a manufacturer of brick. He is still inter- ested in the business. Mr. Hooper was married in Bridgewa- ter, October 17, 1861, to Mary Edes, daughter of Hervey and Elizabeth H. (Tallman) Josselyn. His second marriage was with Catherine, daughter of Edward and Margaret Mitchell, in Bridgewater, January 15, 1889. He has had eight chil- dren, si.K of whom survive ; Jane Mitchell, Louise Guild, George Mitchell, Frederick Warren, Mary Edes and Mitchell Hooper. The fifth and si.\th in order of birth, Har- rison Keith and Theodore Wright Hooper, are deceased. Mr. Hooper has been a member of the school board, trustee of the public library, treasurer of Plymouth County Agricultural Society ; clerk and trustee of Bridgewater Savings Bank, and was a member of the House of Representatives in 1888. HOPKINS, James Hughes, son of Smith K. and Mary A. (Hughes) Hopkins, was born in North Truro, Barnstable county, February 20, 1861. After attending the public schools of Truro, he passed through the Prescott grammar school, Somerville, and was grad- uated from the Somerville high school in the class of 1878. He then entered Har- vard College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1882. JAMES H, HOPKINS. After graduating he engaged in teach- ing in Eastham and Barnstable, 1882 and '83, and until February, 1884. He chose the profession of law, and was admitted to practice in October, 1883. He began practice in New Bedford, P'ebruary, 1884, but removed to Province- town in June of the same year, where he has since continued in practice. He also 322 HORTON. HURTON. has an office in Barnstable. In i8S6 he became editor of the " Provincetown Ad- vocate." Mr. Hopkins was elected a com- missioner of insolvency for the county of Barnstable from 1S87 to '90; appointed one of the trial justices for the county of Barnstable in 18S5. In 1888 he was made treasurer of the First Universalist church of Provincetown ; has been secretary, treasurer, and trustee of Mayflower coun- cil, loii Royal Arcanum ; director of the Provincetown Building Association, and clerk of the Provincetown Boot & Shoe Company. In 1888 he was elected a special commissioner for the county of Barnstable, and was elected one of the trustees of the Provincetown public library in 1889. HORTON, Edward Augustus, son of William Marshal and Ann (Leonard) Horton, was born in Springfield, Hampden county, September 28, 1843. He studied at Springfield, in the public schools; moved to Chicago in 1856, and lived there six years. During that time the civil war broke out, and he enlisted in the navy, going to Brooklyn. N.Y., for that purpose. He was then eighteen years old. Mr. Horton served as landsman in the South Atlantic squadron, under Commo- dores Dupont and Dahlgren, a little more than a year. His craft, the steam gun- boat " Seneca," assisted in blockading Charleston, in attacking Forts Wagner and Sumter, and in destroying the priva- teer " Nashville." On his return to civil life he began vigorous preparations for college, crowd- ing the successive steps, and entering with- out conditions the class of 1869 at the University of Michigan. Owing to cer- tain obstacles not easily overcome, of a kind which young men without means usually encounter, he remained but a little while at the university. Feeling the need of abridging his time of study, he went at once to the theological school at Mead- ville, Pa., and there not only prosecuted the regular course of three years, but maintained other studies, graduating in 1868. A graceful act was done by the Uni- versity of Michigan in 1880, in conferring on Mr. Horton the honorary degree of A. M. On graduating he had two invitations to settle — one from Flint, Mich., and one from Leominster. Mass. The latter was accepted, and Mr. Horton held the pastor- ate of that very large parish for seven years. During that period, in 1871, he visited England, Switzerland and Germany, and spent a year in study at Brunswick and Heidelberg, his church generously granting a leave of absence. In the sum- mer of 1875 he accepted a call to New Orlean,s, but a severe and almost fatal ill- ness fell upon him, and the result of hard work was summed up in the order of the physicians to rest for two years. On December i, 1875, at Lancaster, he married Josephine Adelaide, daughter of Nathaniel and Ruth (Miles) Rand. They have one child : Ruth Horton, born Feb- ruary 24, 1877. The very day of his marriage he started for the South to regain his lost health. Two years seemed too long for idleness, and in a year's time he was at work again, having accepted a call to Hingham, as minister of the Old Church, famous for its quaint edifice, over two hundred years old. Here he remained, happy in his relations to his people and the town, three years, and then went to Boston, as pastor of the Second Church, Copley Square (founded in 1649). Since 18S0 Mr. Horton has not only served this parish, but has been identified with various religious and philanthropic movements. Among his predecessors were the three Mathers, Henry \\'are, Jr., Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Chandler Robbins. The society has steadily grown under his charge, and is now full of vigor and pros- perity. Mr. Horton has been president of the Benevolent Fraternity of Churches ; presi- dent of the L^nitarian Sunday-school Soci- ety, and director of the American L'nitarian Association. He is a director of the Wash- ingtonian Home, of the North End Mis- sion, of the Home for Intemperate Women, and other organizations. He is closely connected with the Grand Army of the Republic, having served as chaplain of the State, and holding now the chaplaincy of E.W.Kinsley Post 113, in Boston. He is a trustee of Derby Academy, Hingham ; superintendent of Westford Academy, and visitor to the Howard Collegiate Institute. His literary reviews of books, and occa- sional contributions on general subjects, are confined mostly to the Boston press, and to the denominational papers and magazines. Among the other publications from his pen are discourses on Emerson and Garfield, delivered at the time of their death ; an address to the graduating class of 1888, at the Boston College of Phar- macy ; three sermons on ITnitarianism ; and a historical discourse commemorative of the 250th anniversary of the building of the Old Meeting House, in Hingham. HORTON. HORTON. 323 HORTON, Everett S., son of Gideon M. and Mary (Smith) Horton, was born in Attleborongh, Bristol county, lune 15, 1836. Public schools and a private academy furnished his advantages for an education. He entered a country store with his father, and succeeded him in the business. After the war of the rebellion he was en- gaged as salesman in the largest whole- sale house in groceries, flour, etc., in Provi- dence, R. I., and remained there fifteen years. In iSSo he entered the jewelry manu- facturing establishment of his brother, tak- ing the place of a brother deceased. He continued in this line of industry, becom- ing senior member of the firm of Horton, Angell & Co., Attleborough. Mr. Horton was first married in Attle- borough, June 12, 1861, to Mary Ann, daughter of Jesse and Mary (More) Car- penter. He was married the second time, September 24, 1873, to Eliza B., daughter of Horace and Rahanna (Ordway) Free- mont. Of the first marriage is Mary Edith Horton, and of the second, Gertie E. Horton. In the war of the rebellion Mr. Hortun was lieutenant and captain in the 47th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, and 2(1 lieutenant, captain, and major in the s8th Massachusetts. He was taken prisoner September 30, 1864, and paroled F"ebruary 22, 1865. He was confined in Libby Prison, in Salisbury, N. C, and in Dan- ville, Va. Mr. Horton is one of the directors of the Attleborough Savings and Loan Associa- tion, and president of the public library. He is one of the trustees of the Richardson school fund, and an officer in several com- mercial and social organizations. He is always active in any public or private en- terprise that aids in building up the town and ministers to its welfare. He is a member of the G. A. R. Post 145, the ^Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and the Masonic fraternity, being a Mason of the 32d degree. Mr. Horton is a staunch Republican, and an active worker in the ranks of that party. HORTON, Nathaniel Augustus, son of Nathaniel and Martha (Very) Horton, was born in Salem, Essex county, where he has always resided, April 16, 1830. He was educated in the public schools of Salem, graduating at the English high school March 6, 1S46 On the 23d of the same month he entered the ofiice of the "Salem Gazette"' — then published by Caleb Foote and William Brown — and served a regular apprenticeship until he was twenty-one. In January, 1854 (Mr. Brown having left the office to take a public position under the administration of Zachary Taylor), Mr. Horton was admitted as a partner with Mr. Foote, which position he retained until the latter retired from the l)usiness, October i, 1888. At that time Mr. Horton took his son, William A. Horton, into part- nership, and the business is now continued under the title of N. A. Horton & Son. June 20, 1854, Mr. Horton married Harriet Maria, daughter of Nathaniel G. NATHANIEL A HORTON and Harriet (Fillebrown) Symonds. Their three children were : Martha Osgood (wife of Henry M. Batchelder), George Nathan- iel (who died in childhood), and William Augustus, junior member of the present " Salem Gazette " firm. Mr. Horton has always taken a warm interest in public affairs. He was in sympathy with the Whig party, casting his first presidential vote for Winfield Scott, in 1852. Upon the dissolution of that party, he joined with those who formed the Republican party, and has since been uniformly itlentified with that political organization, though his party affiliations have never been strong enough to prevent 3^4 HORTON. HOVEY. him from exercising an independent judg- ment of men and measures, according to the exigency of the occasion. Mr. Horton was a member of the com- mon council of Salem in 1861 and '62. He was elected to the House of Representa- tives in 1859 for the year i860, when there were two sessions. He was also a mem- ber of the House in 1879 and '80, and of the Senate in 1881 and '82. In 1880 he was elected a delegate from the 6th con- gressional district to the national Repub- lican convention, held in June of that year ; and, with the majority of delegates, he voted first for Edmunds, next for Sher- man, and finally for Garfield, who became the nominee. He has been a member of the Massachu- setts Press Association from its beginning, and was for two years its president. He is a Unitarian in his religious affiliations, and has for several years been the presi- dent of the Essex conference of liberal Christian churches. He is also one of the original trustees of the Salem public library, chosen for life. Mr. Horton began his political writings for the " Gazette " before he had reached his majority, and has been a regular con- tributor to its various departments to the jiresent time. His writings have contrib- uted much to the editorial character and political influence of the "Gazette." While in the Senate, his disinterested judgment, independence of character, and forcible way of presenting his views upon pub- lic questions, always gave weight to his opinions and reasoning. His minority re- port, adverse to woman suffrage, has gen- erally been regarded one of the strongest presentations upon that side of the ques- tion, as well as one of the most courteous and temperate in tone ; and it has been at least once reprinted with a view to in- fluencing votes in a subsequent Legisla- ture. Mr. Horton has, at several times, but not with great frequency, delivered set ad- dresses upon special occasions. On sol- diers' Memorial days he has given addresses at Somerville, Groveland, Arlington and Salem. He also delivered an address be- fore the members of the Salem city gov- ernment, on the occasion of the setting up of a tablet to commemorate the resistance to Colonel Leslie at North Bridge in 1775. Though filling with credit the various pub- lic positions to which he has been called, Mr. Horton has never aspired to public life, nor sought public honors ; but — like many others bred to newspaper life after the old ways — he has found that calling, with such public influence as may be carried with it, most congenial to his taste. HOVEY, ALVAH, son of Alfred and Abigail (Howard) Hovey, was born in Greene, Chenango county, N. Y., March 5, 1S20. His parents returned to Thetford, Vt., in the autumn of that year. He attended the common schools of Thetford until fifteen years of age, work- ing on the farm with his father during the summer seasons after he was six years old. At the age of fifteen he attended Thetford Academy two terms, and the next year be- gan his preparation for college in Brandon, Yt.., teaching in winter and studying the remainder of the year. At the age of nineteen he entered Dartmouth College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1844. He was obliged to fall back one class, having been out of college two years, as principal of the academy at Derby, Vermont. After his graduation he was principal of an academy in New Lon- don, N. H., one year and three months, then entered Newton Theological Insti- tution in the autumn of 1845, ^"^ ^^'^^ graduated in 1848. He preached in New Gloucester, Me., one year. He then (1849) became in- structor in Hebrew in the Newton Theo- logical Institution. In 1853 he was made professor of church history, professor of systematic theology in 1855, and president of the Institution in 1S68, which position he still holds. In 1 86 1 and '62 he visited Europe, and studied in the universities of Berlin, Gijt- tingen and Heidelberg. Dr. Hovey was married in Newton Cen- tre, September 24, 1852, to Augusta Maria, daughter of Marshall Spring and Mary (Livermore) Rice. Of this union were five children : George Rice, Agnes Curtis, Helen Augusta, Harriet Lee, and Frederick Howard Hovey. He received the degree of D. D. from Brown University, and that of LL. D. from Denison University and Richmond College. Dr. Hovey has efficiently served on the Newton school board ; was trustee and afterwards fellow of the corporation of Brown LTniversity ; trustee of Wellesley College, and of the New England Conserva- tory of Music ; trustee of Worcester Acad- emy ; member of the executive committee of the American Baptist Missionary Union ; director of the Northern Baptist Education Society, and president of the same for sev- eral years ; also trustee and director of HdWARU. HOWARD. 325 the Gardner Colby Ministerial Relief So- ciety. He is anther of the following' books : "A Memoir of the Life and Times of the Rev. Isaac Backus, .\. M.," (1859); "The State of the Impenitent Dead " (1858) ; " The Miracles of Christ Attested by the Evangelists" (1864); "The Scriptural Law of Divorce " (1866): " God with Us " (1872); " Religion and the State " (1876); " The Doctrine of the Higher Christian Life Compared with the Scriptures " (1877); "Manual of Christian Theology and Ethics" (1878); " Commentary on the Gospel of St. John" (1885); and "Bibli- cal Eschatology " (1888). He is also general editor of " An American Commen- tary on the New Testament," of which seven volumes have been published. HOWARD, Charles D., son of James and Harriet (Shaw) Nowell, was born in Haverhill, Esse.x county, October 20, 1829 — the name being changed to Howard by an act of the Legislature in 1849. His early education was obtained in the public schools of Salem, limited to a gram- mar school course. He entered the office of the " Salem .Ad- vertiser," a Democratic paper, in 1846, to learn the printing business. After work- ing there four years, he went to the " Essex County Freeman " office, a Free Soil paper ; from this to H. J. Kutterfield's office in Lynn, where he worked at job printing. He afterwards worked on " Gleason's Pic- torial," in Boston, a number of years, and then for several years was foreman of the Lynn " Bay State " office. In 1858 he went to South Danvers (now Peabody) and started a job printing office. Two )'ears later he issued the first number of the " South Danvers Wizard " (now the " Peabody Press "), and published it until 1882, when he sold out to Fernald & Vit- tum. In July, 1882, he went to Salem and published the " Salem Evening Post," a penny daily. In February, 1885, he sold the office to the " Evening Telegram " Company. He then went to Natick and took the " Citizen " office, where he is at present located, doing a large business, publishing the "Citizen," the " Wellesley Courant," " The College Courant," and the " Sherborn Tribune." Mr. Howard has been in the printing and publishing business more than thirty years, and has achieved an honorable finan- cial success without a single reverse. Mr. Howard was married in Lynn, Feb- ruary 8, 1854, to Sarah C, daughter of John C. and Sarah (Thayer) Blaney. Of this union are three children : L. Flora (now Mrs. Dr. A. F. Story), William Thayer, and Charles Nowell Howard, Mr. Howard held the surveyorship of the port of Salem during President Grant's first term, and was trustee of the Peabody Institute, in Peabody, for si.x years. HOWARD, Robert, son of Dennis and Elizabeth (Miller) Howard, was born in Northwich, Cheshire county, England, February 8, 1845. His early education was limited to the common schools. He began life as a back-boy in the spin- ning room of a cotton mill when eight years old. He was engaged in the various lines of work in the spinning department until 1879, when he became secretary of the Fall River Spinners' Union, at a salary the same as wages received by a spinner. This selection was made after a si.x years' residence in Fall River — he having come to America and settled in Fall River in 1873- I\Ir. Howard was master workman of the Knights of Labor (State of Massachusetts) in 1886. Robert Howard .Assembly,Knights of Labor, was named in his honor. He was a representative to the General Court in 1880, and declined to serve for a second term. He was elected as state senator, 1886, '87, '88 and '89. He is a Democrat, but represents a strong Repub- lican district. He has been chairman of the committee on labor the last three years. He has been director of the People's Co-operative Loan .Association ; president of the Fall River Boot & Siioe Company, and associate editor of " Fibre and Fabric." As the executive of the Fall River Spin- ners' Association, Mr. Howartl's policy has been to adjust differences by arbitration, in a quiet and business-like manner. Nearly all differences between Fall River spinners and their employers are now settled prompt- ly and satisfactorily, after a conference be- tween the secretary and a representative of the board of trade. Mr. Howard has been called upon to confer with the directors of labor move- ments throughout New England, has fre- quently addressed public meetings and appeared before legislative committees, and has exerted a controlling influence in shaping legislation to limit the hours of labor, and to lighten the burdens of women and children, not only in Massachusetts, but throughout the country. Mr. Howard is unmarried. His residence is Fall River. 326 HOWE. HOWELLS. HOWE, Francis Augustine, second son of tlie Rev. James and Harriet (Nason) Howe, was born at Pepperell, Middlesex county, April 20, 1S27, and obtained his early education at the Pepperell Academy. He graduated at Amherst in the class of 1848, and attended medical lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in 1853, and at the Harvard medical school in i852-'54, and received his de- gree of M. D. from Harvard in 1854. For three years he practiced medicine in Pepperell, and in 1857 located in Newbury- port, where he has since resided and led an active professional life. He has also tak- en a deep interest in public affairs, and been prominent in whatever has tended to promote the social and moral welfare of the city. On the loth of June, 1857, in Pepperell, Dr. Howe married Mary Frances, daugh- ter of Hon. James and Harriet (Parker) Lewis. Their children are : James Lewis Howe, professor of chemistry in Louisville, Ky., Francis Freeman, and Edith March Howe. Of these, the second son died in December, 1868. Dr. Howe is a member of the American Medical Association, Massachusetts Medi- cal Society, and was for two years presi- dent of the Esse.x North District Medical Society. Li 1881 he was appointed by the governor to the board of consulting physi- cians of the Danvers Hospital. He has been president of the corporation, and one of the trustees of the Anna Jaques Hos- pital at Newburyport since its organiza- tion, and was prominently instrumental in its foundation. For many years he has been a member of the board of trustees of the Putnam free school, and has served several terms on the school board. He has been president of the Y. M. C. A. since 1887, and is one of the officers of the Belle- ville church. Li 1888 he was elected a member of the board of aldermen of New- buryport, serving one year. During the war he was stationed at the Wheaton Hos- pital, in Yorktown, Va., in May and June, 1862, as contract surgeon. He was the first physician in Newburyport to make use of the hypodermic syringe, the clinical thermometer, and the aspirator, in medical practice. HOWE, Samuel I., son of Calvin and Mary (Wyman) Howe, was born in Shrews- bury, \\'orcester county, February 8, 1822. He obtained a common school educa- tion. He first began business for himself in 1847. He engaged in mining in California in 1852, and continued in the mines two years. In 1854 he opened a dry-goods and grocery business in Shrewsburv. which he carried on until 1885, when he retired from business and continued in the gen- eral country justice employment of con- veyancing, and preparation of law papers, until the day of his death, which occurred May 13, 1889. Mr. Howe was first married in Berlin, in April, 1847, to Sarah, daughter of Daniel and Hannah Carter. His second marriage was in Shrewsbury, to Lucy A., daughter of Jesse and Laura A. Perry. He has five children : Walter C. and Nellie C. by the first, and Jennie L., Frank P., and May W. Howe by the second marriage. Mr. Howe served his town and State in various offices. He was town clerk, chair- man of the board of selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor ; constable, moderator at town meetings, etc. These offices he held the greater part of the time for twenty-five years. He was postmaster nearly the same length of time ; a member of the General Court of 1877 ; a delegate to the various Republican conventions in the Commonwealth ; chairman of the Re- publican town committee, etc. Mr. Howe will be remembered as the author of the bill known as the " Guide Board Bill " in the House of Representa- tives. This bill was held up to ridicule, and reported upon adversely, but by his persistent efforts he carried it through House and Senate without a dissenting vote, and he afterwards received, as was his due, the thanks of almost the entire press of the Commonwealth. HOWELLS, WILLIA.M Dean, son of William Cooper and Marv Dean Howells, was born at Martin's Ferry, Belmont county, Ohio, March i, 1837. His ancestors on his father's side were Welch Quakers, and people of property; his great grandfather introduced the man- ufacture of flannel into his town, and built three mills ; his grandfather emigrated to this country and became an ardent Metho- dist, while his father adopted the doctrines of Swedenborg, in which the son was educated. Li all these generations this family was an educated race, living in an atmosphere of books and religious refine- ment. L^p to ten years of age, Mr. Howells atteniled small private and public schools, pursuing his studies in rather a desultory manner, .\lmost as soon as he could read he began to make verses and put them in tvpe in his father's printing office. He IIOWELLS. now LAND. 327 pursued no collegiate course, but his ex- tensive reading, his inherited literary tastes, his contact with thoroughly demo- cratic society, and his early habit of self- dependence, with other peculiar factors that went to make up his environment from sixteen to twenty-one, doubtless gave him his orthodox Americanism, his pro- found sympathy with the realities of life, and his charm as a writer. WILLIAM D. HOWELLS. His early life work was made up of the different departments of journalism — type-setter, reporter, news editor, etc. During his residence in Columbus, Ohio, he published five poems in the " Atlantic Monthly " during one year : " The Poet's Friends," " The Pilot's Story," " Pleasure Pain," "Lost Beliefs," and "Andenken." , He was appointed by President Lincoln consul to Venice, where he resided from 1861 to '65, devoting his spare time to the study of the Italian language and litera- ture, and the general cultivation of letters. The first fruit of his labor was " Venetian Life," in which his original style was at once caught and appreciated by the read- ing public of this country and Europe. Re- turning home, Mr. Howells was for some time editorial writer for the New York "Tribune," the "Times," and the "Na- tion," and in 1SS6 he became assistant editor of the " Atlantic Monthly." From 1S72 to '81 he was editor of that maga- zine. During this period he was a contributor to the " North American Review," and was a member of the coterie that gathered at Longfellow's home in Cambridge to con- sider his translation of Dante. Latterly he has pursued the career of a profes- sional man of letters, devoting himself mainly to fiction, with the occasional pro- duction of plays, travel sketches and literary criticism. Since 1881, the"Ceu- tury " and " Harper's Magazine " have given preliminary publication to the greater portion of his works. After a second sojourn in Italy, the residence of Mr, Howells has been in Boston and New York. To him this is a new era in fiction. Realism is the keynote, and in his opinion this idea is best exemplified in the fiction of the Russian no^-elist. Count Leo Tolstoi. Mr. Howells was married in Paris, De- cember 24, 1862, to Elinor G., sister of Larkin G. Mead, the sculptor. Of this union were born three children : Winifred, John ^L, and Mildred Howells; the eldest, no longer living, contributed several poems to the " Century." Among Mr. Howells's later works of fiction, " The Rise of Silas Lapham " perhaps is best known, although twenty- live or thirty of this author's books have delighted the readers of this and other countries. HOWLAND, Weston, son of Weston and Abigail (Hathaway) Howland, was born in New Bedford, Bristol county, June 18, 1815. He received his early educational train- ing in the private schools of New Bedford, and the Friends' school at Providence, R. I. He started out in life as cabin boy in a merchant ship ; rose to seaman, officer and captain. His first connection with mer- cantile business on shore was as ship chandler and general commission mer- chant. F'rom i860 to '77 Mr. Howland was en- .gaged in the manufacture and refining of petroleum. He is now collector of the port of New Bedford, under appointment of President Cleveland. Mr. Howland was married in Dartmouth, May 14, 1846, to Rebecca S., daughter of George and Abby (Smith) Kirby. Of this union were twelve children : Mary S., Thomas H., Rebecca, Weston, Jr., Rachel, Abby S., Thomas H., George K.., Abby S., 328 ROWLAND. HOYT. J. Sedgwick, Rebecca, and Alice How- land. Mr. Rowland built and established, in New Bedford, the first factory in the coun- try for distilling and refining the products of petroleum. These products he shipped to New York and Boston markets as early as September, i860. His residence is Fairhaven. HOWLAND, WlLLARD, son of Jairus and Deborah L, Howland, was born in Pembroke, Plvmouth county, December t, 1852. His early education was obtained in the public schools of Kingston and Woburn. Ill health prevented "his full academic WlLLARD HOWLAND. course, and not until after some years of mercantile life did he take up his studies. He finally began to carry out a long cher- ished purpose of studying law, and entered Boston University law school He had at eighteen years of age be- gun a business career, and- remained in it until just previous to his admission to the bar. He was admitted to practice November n, 1878, and has since been engaged in the practice of law as a pro- fession. In the meantime he married (1S73) Lottie Barry, of Boston, to which city he had removed w-hen he was seventeen vears of age. Of this union are two children : Fred C. and Lizzie A. Howland. Mr. Howland was elected to the Legis- lature from the 27th Suffolk district in 1888, and served on the committee on the judiciary. He is a member of various secret and benevolent societies, in which he has held prominent office. He is an officer in the military order of Sons of Vet- erans, and is somewhat prominently known m that order throughout the State' Mr. Howland has been clo.sely engaged in the labors of his professional fife, during the time he has resided in Chelsea, and has only come to the front as a public man when his fellow-citizens have demanded it, but has carefully and diligently made the most of his opportunities. HOYT, Warren, son of William and Harriet (Hooke) Hoyt, was born in North Danville, Rockingham county, N. H., Jan- uary 4, 1843. His early education was received in the common schools of his native town, and he afterwards supplemented this by attend- ance at Kingston Academy, N.' H., and I'hetford Academy, \'t. WARREN HOYT, During his early manhood he engaged for a time in teaching. He was clerk in the internal revenue office of James M. Lovering, E.xeter, N. H., in 1864 and '65. HUBBAKU. HUNNEWELL. 329 In April, 1S72, Mr. Ho}^ went to Haver- hill, and was employed on the reportorial staff of the " Daily Bulletin." In 1875 he, in company with I. L. Mitchell, became proprietor, and as.sunied the editorial man- agement of that paper, which greatly in- creased in circulation and intUience. He still holds the position of editor. Mr. Hoyt was married May 4, 1S71, to A. Isabelle, daughter of Joseph and Almira P. (Dearborn) Cook, of South Dan- ville, N. H. Of this union were four chil- dren ; Lewis Carleton (deceased), Howard William (deceased), Bernard Allison, and Lillian Gracie-Belle Hoyt. Although holding no political office, Mr. Hoyt is always active in public matters, and a consistent advocate of Republican principles. His church connections are with the Universalist society. Mr. Hoyt came from that sturdy New England stock that has given stability and character to our national life. He has been able to gratify his artistic tastes in decorative gardening, his love of flowering plants and shrubs being evidenced by the beautiful grounds that adorn his residence in Haverhill. HUBBARD, Silas Graves, son of John and Clarissa (Clapp) Hubbard, was born in Hatfield, Hampshire county, January 13. 1827. The common schools gave him his early educational training, which was su|)ple- mented by four terms' attendance at Willis- ton Seminary, Easthampton. From 1844 to '51 he 'was manager of a large farm. He was appointed postmaster in 1851, and also elected a member of the school board. He was elected town treas- urer in 1854; chairman of selectmen in 1855 ; a member of the Legislature in 1857 ; a director of the Holyoke Bank of North- ampton, 1859 — -being a director when it was merged into the First National Bank of Northampton, and held the office eighteen years. He has also been engaged in the work of civil engineer. He employs his time at present in managing his farm and attending to the duties of treasurer of Smith Academy. Mr. Hubbard was married in Hatfield, April 16, 185 1, to Rhoda Waite, daughter of Justin and Dully (Waite) Hastings. They have no children. Mr. Hubbard has been president of the New England Tobacco (Growers' Associa- tion for three years, up to the present time. In 1884 he wrote in pamphlet form an appeal to Congress for the better protec- tion of certain agricultural industries. He wrote an argument, wiiich was read at a hearing before Judge Maynard, assist- ant secretary of the treasury, at Washing- ton, July 20, 1887 — advocating a plan of a new decision under the tobacco schedule of the tariff law to prevent fraud and un- dervaluation, which was adopted by the government. He was empowered to visit custom houses to see the new rule enforced, and report to the department. This mis- sion was successfully accomplished. HUNNEWELL, James Frothingham, son of James and Susan (I>amson) Hunne- well, was born in Charlestown, Middlesex county, July 3, 1832, in the house which he still occupies. The Hunnewell family have lived in Charlestown since 1698, and the Frothinghams since 1630. He received his education mostly in private schools, and then was engaged with his father in the shipping business, chiefly with foreign ports, especially with Honolulu, and in the export of American products to them — the mercantile house founded by his father at Honolulu, in 1826, being still in a flourishing condition. For some years he has not been engaged in mercantile pursuits, but is occupied with private and trust affairs, and with antiqua- rian and historical subjects. Mr. Hunnewell was married in Boston, April 3, 1872, to Sarah Melville, daughter of Ezra and Sarah (Parker) Farnsworth, of Boston. They have one child : James Melville Hunnewell. Mr. Hunnewell has served upon the Charlestown school board ; was a trustee of the Charlestown public library for eight years from its formation ; is chair- man of the standing committee of the First parish ; president of the Charlestown Gas Company ; vice-president of the Winches- ter Home for Aged Women ; a trustee of the Free Dispensary ; trustee of the Five Cents Savings Bank ; a director of the Bun- ker Hill Monument Association ; an officer of the Society for Propagating the Gospel, and in connection with the Hawaiian Is- lands, president of the Hawaiian Club, and treasurer of United States Endowment of Oahu College. He was also for several years an ex-officio director of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, and since 1868 has been a member of the American Antiquarian Society. He is also connected with the Massachusetts, Reform, St. Botolph, LTnion, and Boston Art clubs, and holds a membership in various other organizations. He has published several historical works of interest, which represent a large amount 330 HUNT. HUNTINGTON. of careful study, and has collected in his extensive travels many rare books, plates and records. Among the more important of his published works may be mentioned : " The Lands of Scott ; " " Bibliography of Charlestown, Mass., and Bunker Hill;" " The Historical Monuments of France ; " " The Imperial Island ; " " England's Chronicle in Stone ; " " A Century of Town JAMES F, HUNNEWELL. Life;" "Historical Sketch of the Society for Propagating the Clospel among the Indians and Others in North America ; " " Civilization at the Hawaiian Islands ; " "An American Shrine ; " " Records of the First Church, Charlestown ; " " Journal of the Voyage of the Missionary Packet, Boston to Honolulu." HUNT, Cyrus Dexter, son of Cyrus and Lucy (Porter) Hunt, was born in East Weymouth, Norfolk county, November 15, 1833- He attended the common school until seventeen years of age. At twenty-seven he entered the Bridgewater normal school, and was graduated in the class of 1863. Before his entrance into the normal school, he learned the trade of nail-making, and worked in the factories at East Wey- mouth and Somerset. After leaving the normal school, he entered the employ ot the American Tack Company as agent and manager, and still retains that position with the company. In 1885 he went to Europe, where he spent six months studying the condition of manufacturing, and of the laboring and producing classes in those countries which compete with the LTnited States in the for- eign markets of the world. Mr. Hunt has always been a Republican, but has never held any political office, having devoted his time entirely to his business. He was president of the Repub- lican campaign clubs during the last five presidential campaigns, and worked to pro- mote the interests of the party to which he belonged. He is a director in the National Bank of Fairhaven, and one of the boaril of investment in the Savings Bank of that town. He was married in East Weymouth, Feb- ruary 5, 1865, to Sarah E., daughter of William and Sarah (Wyman) Mansfield, of Braintree. Of this union were five children : Everett A., Wallace 1)., Fred- erick M., .\lice, and Mabel M. Hunt. HUNTINGTON, William Edwards, son of William Pitkin and Lucy (Edwards) Huntington, was born July 30, 1844, at Hillsborough, Montgomery county. 111. His early education was accomjjlished at public and private schools in Milwaukee, Wis., and he graduated at the State L'ni- versity of Wisconsin in 1870, and from the school of theology, Boston Universit}', in He was ordained elder in the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church by Bishop Wiley, in Lynn, in 1872, and appointed to the Nahant Methodist Episcopal church. His subsequent pastorates were at Roslindale, i872-'74 ; Newton, i875-'76 ; Harvard Street, Cambridge, i877-'79 ; Tremont Street, Boston, i88o-'82. Since 18S2 Mr. Huntington has been dean of the College of Liberal Arts, Boston University. On the 3d of October, 1876, in Newton, Mr. Huntington was married to Emma Carolme, daughter of Alden and Caroline (Robin.son) Speare, who died the following year; and May 10, 1881, he married her sister, Ella Maria. Their only child is Raymond Edwards Huntington. During the last year of the civil war Mr. Huntington served as first lieutenant in the 49th Wisconsin infantry. In 1881 he received the degree of Ph. D. from the Boston LIniversity, where he is highly es- teemed as one of the leading members of the faculty. His present residence is New- ton Centre. HUTCHINSON. HUXFOKD. 331 HUTCHINSON, HBEN, son of Eben- ezer and Lois W. (Williams) Hutchinson, was born in Athens, Somerset county, Maine, August 2, 1841. After the usual attendance at the public schools, he received academic training- in Somerset Academy, Athens, and Bloom- field Academy, Skowhegan, Me. Having chosen the profession of law, and pursued the prescribed course of reading, he was admitted to the bar at Norridgewock, Maine, in 1862. He soon after entered military service in the 24th regiment, Maine volunteers, and ro.se rapidly from the grade of private to that of lieutenant-colonel. He was subse- quently commissioned major of the 2d Maine veteran volunteer cavalry, where he served till December, 1865. In the summer of 1866 he came to Boston, settled in Chelsea, and resumed the prac- tice of law. Mr. Hutchinson was city solicitor of Chelsea from 1875 to '80 ; member of the House of Representatives in 1878, serving as chairman of the committee on bills in the third reading, and clerk of the com- mittee on towns. In 1879 he was elected to the Senate, and again served as chair- man of the committee on bills in the third reading ; also chairman of the joint committee on towns, and a member of the joint committee on ta.xation. In 1880 he was re-elected to the Senate, and was chairman of the conmiittee on towns and that of federal relations, and of the Senate committee on probate and chancery. He was appointed special justice of the Chelsea police court in 1S74, and held this position until 1878. In 1880 he was re-ap- pointed a special justice of the court, and later in the same year he qualified as jus- tice of the same court. Mr. Hutchinson was first married in Skowhegan, Me., November 11, 1863, to Rachel W., daughter of Edmund C. and Mary R. (Humphrey) Lane. Mrs. Hutch- inson died in F'ebruary, 1880. On August 20, 1882, Mr. Hutchinson was married to Abbie A. Lane, sister of his first wife. His children are : Maud Hutchinson, now in Wellesley College, and Eben Hutchinson, Jr., captain of cadets in Episcopal Institute, Burlington, Vermont. Mr. Hutchinson has long been an active and influential member of the Republican party, is a public-spirited citizen in local affairs, and has fairly merited the success he has achieved in military, civic and pro- fessional life. HUXFORD, Daniel Holley, son of Henry Brown and Lavinia Allen (Holley) Hu.vford, was born in Edgartown, Dukes county (Martha's Vineyard), November 28, 1850. He was educated in the common and high schools of Edgartown. He left school in February, 1867, to enter the " Vineyard Gazette " office as an appren- tice. He remained there until May, 1869; he was then employed in New Bedford in the " Standard " office for a short time, when he was forced to leave on account of ill health. In August, same year, he went to East Abington (now Rockland) to work DANIEL H. HUXFORD, on the "Abington Standard " (now " Rock- land Standard " ). Here he was foreman two and one-half years, leaving there De- cember 25, 1872. During the winter he purchased the "Norfolk County Register," Randolph, and entered upon the duties of publisher March 5, 1873. Since this time the paper has twice been enlarged, and the " Holbrook News " added. Mr. Hu.xford has been a printer twenty-two years, an editor nearly seven- teen years, and issued every paper (save three) during the time. His residence is Randolph. Mr. Hu.xford is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F., joining Rising Star Lodge 332 HYDE. HYDE. No. 76 in 1876 ; became past grand in 1889 ; was made district deputy grand master over district 31, in 1880; was re- appointed, but declined the honor. He was a charter member of Webster Council, No. 451, Royal Arcanum, in 1880; was past regent in 1882 ; installing officer, that and the following year. In 1884 he was appointed district deputy grand regent, and was re-appointed in 1885. In 1888 he was appointed deputy over district 39, and in 1889, over district 4. Mr. Huxford has never been active in politics, but he has given much time to social, literary and charitable organizations in a line more consonant to his tastes. He was raised to the sublime degree of master Mason in Norfolk Union Lodge, F. & A. M., of Randolph, May 19, 5880. He has -recently been appointed D. I). G. M. over district 4 for 1889 and '90. HYDE, Henry Stanley, son of Oliver M. and Julia Ann (Sprague) Hyde, was born at Mount Hope, Orange county, N. Y., August 18, 1837. Very early in life HENRY S. HYDE. he was taken to Detroit, Mich., where he was educated in private schools, and began business life as a clerk in a Detroit bank- ing house. He afterward studied law and removed to Springfield, Mass., in 1862, where he became treasurer of the Wason Manufac- turing Company, car-builders. In 1870 he was chosen president of the Agawam National Bank, which position he still holds He is also president of the E. Stebbins Manufacturing Company, a prosperous corporation ; vice-president of the Hampden Savings Bank, and of the New England Telephone & Telegraph Company ; director in the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, the Bos- ton P21ectric Light Company, Riverside Paper Company, and several other corpora- tions. He is also treasurer of the Spring- field Steam Power Company. In politics Mr. Hyde has held office in the city government of Springfield as coun- cilman and alderman. He has represented his district as state senator, and has been a member of the Republican state central committee and the national Republican committee. In 1884 antl '88 he was dele- gate to the national Republican conven- tions at Chicago. On the 4th of December, i860, Mr. Hyde was married in Springfield, to Jennie S. Wason. Their children are : Jerome W., Henry S., Thomas W., and Fayolin Hyde. HYDE, James Francis Clarke, was born in Newton, Middlesex county, July 26, 1825. He descends in a direct line, through both his parents, from the early settlers of that ancient town. His first education was principally acquired in the schools of the town. In early manhood he was engaged in the nursery business and general farming, but for the last forty years has been engaged in the auction, real estate and insurance business in New- ton and Boston, in which he has been quite successful. His energy of character and administra- tive talent brought him, at an early age, to the notice of the public. For fifteen years he served his townsmen as one of their selectmen. He was selected as mod- erator of nearly all their town meetings for twenty-two years, and for several )'ears elected a member of the school committee. He represented his town in the Legisla- ture, as a member of the House, two years, and was a member of the state board of agriculture, and also president of the Mas- sachusetts Horticultural Society. He is a director in several insurance companies, and is, and has been for a long time, promi- nently connected with the Newton Savings Bank, and was for several years a director in the Newton National Bank. He has also been agricultural editor for many IDE. INGALLS. 333 years of a leading religious paper published in Boston. Mr. Hyde has the distinctive honor of having been the first mayor of his native city, which office he administered with wisdom and prudence, counseling economy and integrity in all its depart- ments, faithfully illustrating these virtues in his own official conduct. Mr. Hyde has always been notable for enterprise and public spirit, and has always been found foremost among those who seek to promote the highest welfare of his native town. He has always taken deep interest in moral and religious sub- jects. He was the principal mover in the establishment of the ("ongregational church at Newton Highlands, and was the first deacon of that church. He early realized the importance of a railroad to facilitate communication be- tween all the Newtons, and labored long and assiduously for the establishment of what is now known as the Newton Cir- cuit Railroad — a lasting monument to his enterprise and liberality. Mr. Hyde has been twice married : De- cember 13, 1854, to Sophia, daughter of Jonathan Stone of Newton ; and May 30, 1861, to Emily, daughter of John Ward, of that town. He has three children living : Elliott J., Mary E., and Frank C. Hyde. IDE, Jacob, son of Jacob and Mary (Emmons) Ide, was born in West Medway, Norfolk county, August 7, 1823. He received his early educational train- ing at the academy in Leicester, and was graduated from Amherst College in the class of 1848. He was for a short time teacher of ancient and modern languages in the city of Boston, afterwards teaching two years in the academy at Leicester. Deciding to adopt the ministry as a profe.ssion, he for two years pursued his theological studies with his father, and afterwards was a resi- dent licentiate in the theological seminary at .\ndover. March 26, 1856, he was ordained and installed as pastor of the Congregational church in Mansfield, where he has since remained. His pastorate has been one of imusual length, and he has been, during all these years, a faithful and earnest preacher, a worthy and honored citizen — active in all enterprises and projects tend- ing to elevate the moral standing of the town in which he has lived and labored for so many years. In i860 he went abroad, traveling through the different countries of Europe. Mr. Ide is a trustee of the Mansfield public library and of the Wheaton Female Seminary in Norton. In 1864 he was a member of the lower branch of the state Legislature, and a member of the Senate in 1866. March 24, 1859, at West Medway, Mr. Ide was married to Ellen M., daughter of John and Eliza Ann (Williams) Rogers, of Mansfield. They have one child ; John Emmons Ide, born August 2, 1868. INGALLS, Daniel Bowman, son of James and Mary (Cass) Ingalls, was born in Sutton, Caledonia county, Vt., May 25, 1829. His father moved to Connecticut, when he was eleven years of age. DANIEL B. INGALLS. His early education was obtained in the common schools. Starting out in life for himself at the age of seventeen, he learned the machinist's trade in Norwich, Conn. 334 IXGRAHAM. JACKSON. At the age of twenty-six he began the study of dentistry in Clinton, Mass., and was graduated at the Boston Dental College in the class of 1874. Previous to his choice of the latter profession, he spent two years in California (185 i and '52). He has prac- ticed dentistry in Clinton since 1856. JMr. Ingalls was married in Newbury, Vt., October 22,1850, to Rebecca Nelson, daugh- ter of Mason and Mary (Nelson) Randall. Of this union were six children, all deceased. Mr. Ingalls was a representative to the General Court in 1880, and was elected to the .Senate in 1881 and '82. He served on the committee on public health both years, was chairman the last named year of the committee on claims, and wrote the mi- nority report on the " Shanley Claim." His church connection is with the Bap- tist church, of which he is a member, and he takes an active part in church and association work. He was for several years a member of the investment committee for the Clinton Savings Bank, and left this position to be- come a director of the Lancaster National Bank. He withdrew from that position and sold his stock a year before the bank was robbed by its cashier, and made a written statement at the time to the stock- holders, pointing out the irregularities of that officer. He is now president of tile Clinton Co-operative Bank. INGRAHAM, ELIHU, son of Elihu and Olive (Mallery) Ingraham, was born in New Ashford, Berkshire countv, October 18, 1822. His education was limited to the public schools of those days. At twenty years of age he began life for himself, and chose farming for a vocation. Mr. Ingraham was married December 27, 1842, to Lorania, daughter of Atwater and Melinda Beach, at New Ashford. Of this union were two children : George F. and Julia Maria Ingraham. He was again married, in Hoosick, N.Y., February 27, 1855, to Celestia A., daughter of .Samuel and Betsey (Card) Pine. Of this union are two children ; Ida Jane and Nathan P. Ingraham. Mr. Ingraham has been chairman of the board of selectmen of New Ashford thirty years, town clerk eighteen years, and jus- tice of the peace sixteen years. He is also chairman of the town committee. Mr. Ingraham is connected with the M. E. church, of which he is a steward. Jonathan Ingraham, grandfather of Mr. Ingraham, was a revolutionary patriot, fought with Arnold at Stillwater and Schuy- lerville; wassoldby .\rnold; was with Wash- ington at White Plains, Valley Forge, and at the crossing of the Delaware ; and was in the battle of Monmouth, the Cowpens, etc. George F., eldest son of Mr. Ingraham, was three years in the 34th regiment, Mas- sachusetts volunteers. He fought under Sheridan, and at \\'inchester was very seri- ously wounded. INGRAHAM, WILLIAM H., son of Paul .\ugustus and Thankful (Sears) Ingraham, was born in Peacham, Caledonia countv, Vt., 1818. He gleaned his knowledge of books from the Caledonia county grammar school, Peacham. He began his business experience with his older brother in Framingham, dealer in general merchandise. He afterwards be- came a dry-goods dealer in Watertown, and later on in Boston as partner with March Brothers, Pierce & Co. He was selectman in Framingham, also in Watertown. He has been town clerk in Watertown twenty-five years, and still holds the office. He is chairman of the board of assessors ; was a representative to the General Court two years (1879 and '80); two years chairman of the Republican town committee ; clerk and treasurer of the first parish of Watertown ; is a member of the Watertown Historical Society and clerk of the Town Improvement Society. The time not given to public affairs is employed in general insurance business. Mr. Ingraham was married in Framing- ham, January 17, 1843, to Caroline C, daughter of Col. Ephraim and Mary (Hub- bard) Brigham. He has three children : Raljih \\'aldo, Isabel Frances, and Alice Choate Ingraham. JACKSON, James Frederic, son of Elisha T. and Caroline (Fobes) Jackson, was born in Taunton, Bristol county, No- vember 13, 1851. The private and public schools of Taun- ton gave him his early educational train- ing. He entered Harvard College in 1869, and was graduated in 1873 ; studied law in Taunton in the office of Judge Ed- muntl H. Bennett ; entered Boston Univer- sity law school 1874, and was graduatetl in 1875 ; opened a law office in Fall River, lACKSON. JAMES. 335 September, 1875, and formed a law co- partnershi|3 with John J. Archer, 1878. Mr. Archer dying in 18S2, Mr. Jackson formed a new partnership with David F. Slade, under the present firm name of Jackson & Slade. Mr. Jackson was married in Fall River, June 16, 1882, to Caroline S., daughter of Eli Thurston, D. D., and Julia A. (Ses- sions) Thurston. They have one child : Edith Jackson. Mr. Jackson has been connected with the Massachusetts volunteer militia since 1879, wiien he was elected second lieuten- ant, companv M., ist regiment infantrv, J^MES F, JACKSON. then appointed paymaster on staff of Col. A. C. Wellington ; then elected major, and subsequenth' lieutenant-colonel, which latter commission he now holds. He was city solicitor of Fall River in 18S0, and elected every year thereafter until 1889, with the e.xception of 1886, when he was engaged as special counsel for the city. He was elected mayor on the Repub- lican ticket in 1888. The same year he was also chosen president of the Y. M. C. A. and of the Associated Charities. He is corporation clerk and counsel for the People's Ice Company, and corpora- tion counsel and director of the Cornell Mills. JACOBS, Joseph, Jr., son of Joseph and Flsther C. (Jacob) Jacobs, was born in South Hingham, Plymouth county, Decem- ber 8, 1828. Until about fifteen years of age he attended the common schools of Hingham. In 1850 he entered into partnership with his father for the manufacture of edge tools, under the firm name of Joseph Jacobs & Son. In 1878 he retired from the manufacturing business, and is now engaged in banking and investments. Mr. Jacobs was married in South Hing- ham, October 27, 1850, to Clarissa A., daughter of Loring and Martha (Hersey) Cushing. They have two children : Clara A. and Fannie A. Jacobs. He represented the towns of Hingham and Hull in the House of Representatives in 1881, '82 and '83 ; was for about twenty years a trustee of the Hingham Institution for Savings ; was chosen president of the Hingham National Bank in 1876, which place he still holds. He is a lineal descendant of Nicholas Jacob, who was of an English family who came from Hingham in F^ngland, and set- tled in Hingham in 1633. JAMES, Lyman D., son of Enoch and Armanella (Dwight) James, was born in Williamsburg, Hampshire county, January 21, 1836. His early education was begun in the common schools of Williamsburg, continued in Williston Seminary, Easthampton, and at the John A. Nash school for boys, Amherst. He began his business life in a dry- goods store, Ann Arbor, Mich. He was subsequently employed by his brother, H. L. James, in his store, and finally was made a partner ; but for the past twenty- two years he has been in business for him- self. He is at present carrying on two stores, one in \\'illiamsburg and one in Haydenville. Mr. James was married in Conway, Sep- tember 10, 1857, to Helen E., daughter of John and Fidelia (Nash) Field. Of this union are four children : H. Dwight, J. Howard, Grace F'idelia, and P. Lyman James. Mr. James has been for seven years, and is now, trustee of the Northampton Lunatic Hospital ; director in the First National Bank, Northampton, and was acting postmaster fifteen years in Wil- liamsburg, up to President Cleveland's ad- mmistration. May 3, 1889, he was re-appointed post- master bv Postmaster-General Wanamaker. 336 JAMESON. JENKINS. JAMESON, EPHRAIM ORCUTT, son of Daniel and Mary (Twiss) Jameson, was born January 23, 1832, in Dunbarton, Merrimack county, N. H. EPHRAIM 0. JAViEbOtJ His preparatory education was received in the public schools of his native town, in a private school in Chester, and Gilmanton Academy, N. H. He was graduated in 1855 from Dartmouth College, and in 1858 from the Andover Theological Seminary. He was ordained and installed as pastor of the East Congregational church, Con- cord, N. H., in 1859, where he remained until 1865, when he was called to the pas- torate of the evangelical Congregational church in Salisbury, where he remained until 1 87 1. He then removed to East Medway (now Millis), where he was in- stalled as pastor of the Church of Christ, and still remains in active service. Mr. Jameson was married in Gilmanton, N. H., September 20, 1858, to Mary Joanna, daughter of Rev. William Cogswell, D. D., and Joanna (Strong) Cogswell. Their children were : Arthur Orcutt, Katharine Strong, William Cogswell, Caroline Cogs- well, and Mary Jameson. William Cogs- well died in infancy. Arthur Orcutt grad- uated from Harvard College, the first scholar in the class of 1881, and died Sep- tember 30, 1881. Mr. Jameson was chairman of the school board in Concord, N. H., several years, su- perintendent of schools in Millis, and chap- lain of the Massachusetts State Grange. He was the author of ".An Historical Dis- course of the Church of Christ, Medway " (1876); "A Memorial of Rev. William Cogswell, D. D." (i88o) ; "Historical Sketch of Medway " (1884) ; "The Cogs- wells in America" (1884); "The History of Medway" (1S86) ; "Medway Biogra- phies" (1886); "The Military History of Medway" (1886), and is still engaged in literary work. JENKINS, Edward J., son of John and Sabina E. (Donnellon) Jenkins, was born December 20, 1854, in London, Eng- land. He was educated in the public and pri- vate schools of Boston ; studied law at Boston University, and was graduated therefrom in 1880. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar the same year, and is a member of the bar of the United States courts. Mr. Jenkins was a member of the Bos- ton school committee in 1875 ; served as EDWARD J JENKINS. secretary of the Democratic city commit- tee in 1875 ; and was a member of the House of Representatives during the years of 1877, '78 and '79, being elected from JENKS. JENNINGS. ':,1>7 ward 12 of the city of Boston. He re- signed iiis seat in 1879, declining to be a candidate for re-election ; was commis- sioner of insolvency during the years 1879, '80, '81, '82, '83, '84 and '85, declining to ser\-e longer ; was elected a member of the common council from ward 12 during the years 1885 and '86, and was elected presi- dent of that body each year ; was a mem- ber of the state Senate in 1887, and was again elected as a member of the common council in the year 1889. In i88i he was nominated by the Suffolk county Demo- cratic convention, by acclamation, as can- didate for clerk of the superior civil court. JENKS, Henry Ray, son of David and riarissa (Balluu) Jenks, was born in Smith- I'leld, R. I., December 25, 1831. His early education was obtained in the common schools of Wrentham, and of Pawtucket, R. I. His first connection in business was as a merchant in Wrentham. From this place he removed to Norwood, and thence to Franklin, where he now resides, engaged ill real estate and insurance business. Mr. Jenks was married in Searsport, Maine, October 13, 1858, to Clara A., daughter of Benjamin Merithew. Of this union were six children : Melvina F., Clif- ton H., Charles L., Isaac C, Katie M., and Frank L. Jenks. His second marriage occurred in Franklin, February 27, 1878, to Mrs. Ella Titcomb, daughter of John Barry. Mr. Jenks has been selectman of Frank- lin thirteen years, town treasurer 1887, '88 and '89. He represented the 8th Norfolk representative district in the General Court 1880 and '81. JENKS, Thomas Leighton, son of David and Deborah (Leighton) Jenks, was born in Conway, Carroll countv, X. H., in 1830. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public schools. Choosing the profession of medicine, he prepared for the Harvard medical school, pursued the course, and was graduated in the class of 1854. Previous to his professional career, he served as an apothecary in Boston, and from 1846 to '49 he was hospital steward in the navy during the Mexican war, on board the U. S. frigate " United States." Dr. Jenks was a member of the Boston common council 1868, '69 and '72, and a member of the House of Representatives 1870 and '76 ; president of College of Pharmacy, trustee of the city hospital five years, ferry director six years, during two of which he served as president of the board ; chairman of the board of police commissioners 1882 to '85 ; and is now chairman of the commissioners of public institutions. He is president of the North End Sav- ings Bank, Boston. THOMAS L. JENKS. Dr. Jenks was married in Taunton, 1850, to Lydia M., daughter of David and Sarah M. (Cummings) Baker. They have one child : Sarah E. Jenks. JENNINGS, ANDREW Jackson, son of Andrew M. and Olive B. (Chace) Jennings, was born in Fall River, Bristol county, August 2, 1849. He passed through the various public schools of the city until the autumn of 1867, when he left the Fall River high school to enter Mowry &: Goff 's Classical school. Providence, R. I., where he gradu- ated in June, 1868. He then entered Brown University, from which he graduated with special honors in the class of 1872. When in the university he was prominent in all athletic sports, having been captain of the class and university nines. .■\fter leaving the university, he taught the high school, Warren, R. I., two years, 1872 to '74. In July, 1874, he entered the office of the Hon. James M. Morton, 338 JENNINGS. [EWETT. Fall River, and began reading law ; en- tered Boston University law school Janu- ary, 1875, and was graduated with the degree of hL. B. in May, 1S76 ; was immediately admitted to the bar in Bristol county, and formed a partnership with Mr. Morton, Fall River, June i, 1876, under the firm name of Morton & Jennings, which connection is still retained, Mr. Jennings was married in \\'arren, R. I., December 25, 1879, to Marion G., only daughter of Captain Seth and Nancy I. (Bosworth) Saunders. Of this union are two children : Oliver Saunders and Marion Jennings. ANDREW J. JENNINGS, Mr. Jennings has served three years on the Fall River school board ; two years in the House of Representatives, 1878 and '79; one term in the Senate, 1882 ; was a mem- ber of the judiciary committee both years in the House, and also in the Senate, and was chairman of the joint special committee on the removal of Judge Day by address in 1882. He has been for several years clerk of the Second Baptist society of Fall River, and is one of the trustees of Brown University. Mr. Jennings was active in securing the passage of the civil damage law in the House, and introduced the school-house liquor law in the Senate. Mr. Jennings is a natural orator, of ])leas- ing address and forcible delivery. He is courteous in debate, and is always a wel- come speaker on public occasions during campaigns. He was selected to deliver the memorial oration for the city of Fall River on the day of General Grant's funeral, JEWETT, Albert G., son of Enoch and Lucy ( 1 )ewey) Jewett, was born in Northampton, Franklin county. May 24, 1825, He obtained his educational training in the common schools. His first connection in business was with Francis Loud, as builder, in 1852. In 1864 he opened a general country store. Four years later he went to Cleveland, O., and engaged in building. In 1885 he was a manufacturer in Iowa, His present occupation is building, town business, settling estates, negotiating loans, and in- surance. His residence is Westhampton. Mr. Jewett was married in Westhampton, January 29, 1850, to Vileria A., daughter of Francis and Paulina (Parsons) Loud. They have si.x children : Frances A,, Louisa E,, Charles F,. Emily B, (deceased in 1864), .Albert 1)., and Julia L, Jewett. Mr, Jewett is a deacon of the Congrega- tional church, clerk of the parish, justice of the peace ; has been selectman, assessor and overseer of the poor seventeen years (chairman of the board fifteen years), and was a representative in the Legislature in 1881. JEWETT, Francis, son of Isaac and Xanc}' P, (Parker) Jewett, was born in Nelson, Cheshire county, N, H., September 19, 1820. He passed through the common and high school at Nelson, and finished his educational training at the Baptist Semi- nary, Hancock, N. H. He began his business career on a farm in his native town, but in 1852 he be.gan the business of slaughtering cattle in Mid- dlese.x Village, now a part of Lowell, He continued this business until 1877, when he formed a co-partnership with E, C, Swift, in the commission business, handling Chicago dressed-beef, continuing the busi- ness up to the present time, Mr, Jewett was married in Stoddard, N. H., April 4, 1844, to Selina A., daughter of Rufus and Chloe (Dunn) Dodge. Of this union are two children : Abner A, and Frank E, Jewett, Mr, Jewett was three years captain of the Nelson Rifles, Nelson, N, H., and selectman in 1S48, JILLSON. JILLSON. 339 He has been a director in the Wamesil National Bank, Lowell, since 1861 ; vice- ])resi(lent of the Merrimac River Savings Bank, antl a member of the committee of investment. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; also of the grand lodge of Massachusetts ; was elected grand master, and was representa- tive of the sovereign grand lodge of the United States two years ; has been member of the Mutual Benefit Association, Lowell, since its organization ; member of William North Lodge of Masons, Lowell, many years ; memlier of the Chapter R. A. ISL of Ahasuerus Council, and of Pilgrim Com- mandery, since 1870 ; was a member of tiie common council, Lowell, i864-'65, alder- man 1868 and '69, and mayor of Lowell, 1873, '74 and '75. He was a member of the state Senate 1877 and '79, and a member of the govern- or"scouncil 1887, '88 and '89. Hisresidence is Lowell. JILLSON, Clark, son of David and Waity (Williams) Jillson, was born at Whitingham, Windham county, ^'t., .\pril II, 1825. He was educated in the common schools and in the academy of his native town. His father was a farmer and blacksmith. During the year 1844 he was employed by John Russell & Co., at the Green River works, in Greenfield, Mass. In the fall of 1845 he went to AVorcester, where he found work, first in a blacksmith sliop, afterwards in a machine shop, where he remained till the spring of 1854, when he removed to Southbridge. He remained there about two years, during which time he was one of the editors and proprietors of the "South- bridge Press." Li 1853 he was elected president of the Young Men's Rhetorical Society of Wor- cester, and delivered the annual address before that society, December 26, 1853. On the nth day of April, 1855, he was married in Worcester, b)' Rev. Horace James, to Ruth Elizabeth Lilley, who was born in O.xford, .\pril 29, 1S25. She was the only child of Lewis and Hannah (.-Vlbee) Lilley. Their children are : Lewis Lilley, Franklin Campbell, and Mary Jillson. Lewis died of scarlet fever, January 21, 1870. Mr. Jillson remained in Southbridge till November, 1855, when he disposed of his interest in the paper, and with his family returned to ^\'orcester, where they now reside. After Mr. Jillson's return from South- bridge to Worcester, he again turnetl liis attention to mechanics. He has obtained letters-patent for about twenty inventions, some of which have been e.xtensively used. In i860 he was appointed by Governor Banks clerk of the police court of ^^"orces- ter, and on the 10th of April was commis- sioned a justice of the i^eace, an office he now holds. The ofiice of clerk having been made elective, he was elected to that office in i86r, and again in i866. [an- uary, 187 i, he resigned the office of clerk and accepted that of chief justice of the I St district court of southern Worcester, which position he now holds. In 1872 he was appointed trial justice of juvenile offenders, and re-appointed in 1875. He was elected and served as mayor of A\'orcester, 1873, '75 and '76. He was the first president of the Sons and Daughters of Vermont, and delivered before that society the first annual address, on the loth da\- of February, 1874. On CLARK JILLSON. the 2 1st day of June, 1878, he read a poem before the alumni' and school of Nichols Academy, Dudley, he being president of the board of trustees. On the loth of Oc- tober he delivered the annual address be- fore the North River Agricultural Society in his native town. July 15, 1879, he de- livered an address before the New Hamp- shire .\ntiquarian Society, upon " New 340 JOHNSON. JOHNSON. Hampshire and Vermont ; their Unions, Secessions and Disunions." August i6, 1880, he delivered the centennial oration in his native town. On the 4th of July, 1888, he delivered the poem at the laying of the corner-stone of the town hall and high school building in Southbridge. Mr. Jillson still resides in Worcester, and is now collecting material for a history of his native town. JOHNSON, Edward Francis, son of John and Julia A. (Bulfinch) Johnson, was born in Woburn, Middlesex county, Octo- ber 22, 1856. He attended the public schools of his native town, and graduated at the high school as valedictorian of his class in 1874, He graduated from Harvard College in 1878, and after a year's rest, partially spent abroad, entered the Harvard law school and graduated in 1882, with the degree of LL.B. He was admitted a mem- ber of the Suffolk bar in 1881, and began practice after leaving the law school. He was appointed clerk of the 4th district court of eastern Middlesex at its estab- lishment in 1882, and held the position until he resigned in July, 188S. September 26, 1882, at Woburn, Mr. Johnson was married to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Edward and ^lary (Tidd) .Simonds. Their children are : Harokl Pendexter and Kenneth Simonds Johnson. In April, 1887, Mr. Johnson was elected town treasurer of Woburn, and was re- elected the following year. In December, 1 888, he was elected the first mayor of ^Voburn. He is a direct descendant of Edward Johnson, who, having been the first town clerk and chairman of the first board of selectmen in Woburn, has been called " The Father of the Town." All of Mr. John- son's ancestors were natives of Woburn, and he was named after P^dward Johnson and Francis Kendall, who was another of the early settlers of Woburn, and one whose descendants have intermarried with the Johnsons. With the exception of Hon. Elisha Bartlett, who was elected mayor of Lowell at the age of thirty-one, Mr. John- son is the youngest first mayor of any of the twenty-seven cities which have been incorporated in Massachusetts. Mr. Johnson is a man fond of outdoor sports, and a champion tennis player. Being a Republican in politics, his election as mayor by a plurality of six hundred votes in a city strongly Democratic is a sufficient attestation of the popular esti- mation of his worth and abilitv. JOHNSON, George W., was born in Boston, December 28, 1827. He was edu- cated at the Latin and Chauncy Hall schools of his native city. He resides in Brookfield and is a practicing lawyer of Worcester county. He sat in the state Senate of 1870, and was a member of the House of Representatives in 1877 and 'So. He was a delegate to the national Republican convention at Chicago in 1868, and is chairman of the board of trustees in the state primary and reform schools. He was elected to serve as a member of the executive council of Governor Ames in 1887, and has twice been re-elected to the same position. JOHNSON, HENRY AUGUSTIN, son of John and Harriet Bates Johnson, was born in Fairhaven, Bristol county, February 17, 1825. His early education was at the Friends' Academy in New Bedford, and he prepared for college with Henry W. Torrey, then of New Bedford, but now of Cam- bridge. In August, 1840, he entered Har- vard College, and graduated in the class of 1844. Subsequently he became a student at the Harvard law school, was admitted to the Suffolk county bar in 1S48, and, after an absence of two years in Europe, began the practice of law in Boston in the autumn of 1852. In 1855 he formed a co-partner- ship with Robert Codman of Boston, which has continued ever since. Their business at present is principally in probate matters and trusts. Mr. Johnson has never had any disposi- tion for political life, but attends closely to his professional duties in Boston, passing his leisure time on his farm in East Brain- tree. He served on the school committee for several years, and is one of the original trustees of the Thayer public library. In January, 1859, he was married to Elizabeth Swift, daughter of the late Henry H. Hitch, of Pernambuco, Brazil, who died in 1882, leaving him with six children : Laurence H. H., Elizabeth, Lesly Augus- tin, Harriet Everard, Reginald Hathaway, and Erik St. John Johnson. JOHNSON, Henry Harrison, son of Samuel and Mary (Emery) Johnson, was born in Haverhill, Essex county, March 24, 1840. The common and high schools furnished the means of his early education. When fifteen years of age he entered a shoe- shop to learn the business ; remained until 1862, when he enlisted in the 50th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, and went to the front. He served in the Culf department JOHNSON. JOHNSON. 341 imder General Banks. On his return from the war he again became employed in the shoe factories, and in 1868 formed a part- nersiiip with George H. Carieton for the manufacture of shoes. This partnership continued for ten years, when the firm was dissolved, and Mr. Johnson continued in the same until 1886, when he retired from active business. -Mr. Johnson was married in Haverhill, March 14, 1866, to Mar)- F., daughter of W. P. and Harriet (Lambert) Hobson. Of this union are two children : William Henry and Carrie Lambert Johnson. Mr. Johnson is a prominent member of the Masonic order, and is also an active member in the G. A. R. ; was a member of the common council of Haverhill 1873 and '74 — president the latter year; for three years a member of the Republican state central committee, and a member of the House of Representatives in 1889, serving upon the committee on water supj^ly. JOHNSON, IVER, son of John Johnson, was born in Xordfjord, Norway, February 14, 1841- He obtained his educational training in the parish schools of his native place. IVER JOHNSOM. He served an apprenticeship at gun- making in Bergen, and finished his term of service m 1S62 ; worked one vear at his trade in Christiana; then in 1863, at twenty- two years of age, emigrated to .America and located in ^\'orcester. In 187 1, in com- pany with Martin Bye, lie began in a small way the manufacture of jiistols, under the firm name of Johnson, Bye & Co. From this small beginning grew the great busi- ness which has since, in busy times, em- ployed three hundred and fifty hands. In 1883 Mr. Johnson bought the interest of Mr. Bye, and the business has since been conducted by him, under the firm name of Iver Johnson & Co., in the city of Worcester, where he resides. Mr. John- son now manufactures pistols, guns, and every style of fire-arms, police goods, chain twisters, ice and roller skates, and bicycles — all of original construction ; he also does drop-forging of all kinds, and nickel- plating. Mr. Johnson is an intelligent student of social and economic questions. He has been for many years a director in the Sovereigns' Co-operative Store, and on the board of directors of each of the three co-operative banks of Worcester since their organization, being the president of one of them. Mr. Johnson was married in ^^'orce.'■■.ter, .4]3ril 9, 1868, to Mary E., daughter of John and Jennett (Adams) Spiers. Of this union were five children : Nettie liright (tieceased), Frederick Iver, John Lovell, Walter Olof and Mary Louise Johnson. JOHNSON, Joseph Prosper, son of John William and Jerusha (Cary) Johnson, was born in Essex, Middlesex county, Conn., July 18, 1813, and was one of a family of thirteen children. His early education was gleanetl from two months' attendance each year in the district school of those days. His father, once a prosperous mariner and shipmaster, w\^s forced to retire from the sea on ac- count of ill health, and when death came, the widow and fatherless were obliged to economize to keep the family in comforta- ble circumstances. .\t the age of fourteen Joseph left home, June 17, 1827, with nothing outside his brain and hands, but the example and counsel of a fond mother to invest as capi- tal in the great mart of human activities. He embarked in a small trading vessel and went to Provincetown, where he bounti himself out for seven vears as an appren- tice to a sail-maker. At that time sail-mak- ing was a flourishing business in that little sea-port town. Long hours of work and short minutes for recreation gave young 342 lOHNSON. JOHNSON. Johnson small time for reading and study, but what time he found he improved, and by perseverance and close attention, he laid the foundation for a practical, hard- earned education, which in after years brought rich reward. JOSEPH p. JOHNSON. After learning his trade, he carried on the business until July, 1850, when he re- tired with a comfortable competency. He then entered into a co-partnership with others in mercantile pursuits ; but their ventures proving unfortunate, the accumu- lations of years were swept from him at a blow. He began again — this time to manufac- ture shoe bo.xes in a small way, in that portion of the town of Bridgewater now known as Brockton. He was at first suc- cessful, but reverses came, and he sold the business and again removed to Province- town. He now engaged in the wrecking business ; was very successful, and again retired with a small fortune. His creditors of former years of failure were now paid by him in full. Mr. Johnson was president of the Union Marine Insurance Company, and general agent for the Boston board of underwriters until, at seventy, he resigned ; has been a director of the First National Bank of Provincetown from its organization ; select- man for years ; member of the General Court eight terms, between 1850 and '80 ; member of the state Senate, 1882 and '83, and moderator of every town meeting for twenty-eight successive years. When he felt he could no longer serve, he received a series of resolutions adopted in town meet- ing assembled, thanking him for his just and impartial rulings. He has been forty years a Mason and Odd Fellow ; sir knight in Boston Commandery, K. T. ; has held several appointments of D. D. G. M. of the I. O. O. F. Mr. Johnson was first married the 28th of April, 1835, 'o Polly Cook, who died seven years later. His second marriage was with Susan Fitch, in 1843. She lived but a few years, and at her death left two children : Mary and Susie Johnson. In 1848 he married Mary ^^"harf. She died in 1869, leaving three children : Josephine, George, and William John.son. Mr. Johnson is a warm-hearted, gener- ous, public-spirited man, lo\'ed by the young and universally respected by his townsmen. His good deeds, unostentatious charities, and his uniformly courteous hospitality, will be a lasting monument to his good name. JOHNSON, Nathaniel Lafayette, son of Nathaniel and Martha Johnson, was born in Dana, Worcester countv, May 30, 1822. He received his early education in the common schools of his native town, and about one year at New Salem Academy, after which he continued classical studies under a private tutor. He then for a time studied with a view to entering the legal profession ; that being abandoned, after teaching school two terms, he became a clerk in a country store. In 1844 he entered into business with George G. Braman, in the manufacture of palm-leaf hats, under the firm name of Braman & Johnson. This partnership be- ing tlissolved in 1846, he entered into part- nership with Daniel Russell, late of Lynn. In 185 I this firm was succeeded by John- son & Giddings, and two years later Mr. Johnson relinquished the mercantile part of the business, and continued the manu- facture of palm-leaf goods alone until 1887. In 1862, when the First National Bank of Barre was organized, Mr. Johnson be- came a director, and in 1883 was elected its president, which position he now holds. He is also one of the trustees of the Barre Savings Bank, an institution which he as- sisted in organizing. JOHNSON. JONES. 343 He has been more or less interested in agriculture during his whole business life ; has held most of the town offices ; was a member of the House of Representatives in 1857, '60 and '71. In the Senate, in 1873 and '74, he was chairman of the com- mittees on claims, and probate and chan- cery, and a member of the legislative valu- ation committee in i860. He was post- master of Dana from 1848 to '65, and trial justice from 1858 to '60. He is a member of the .\merican Bible Society, a trustee of New Salem Academy, and an active mem- ber of the Congregational church. He was married at Argyle, Washington county, N. Y., July i, 1858, to Margaretta NATHANIEL L. JOHNSON. H., daughter of David and Nancy Harshaw, by whom he has one son ; John H. John- son, now a student in the ISoston Univer- sity law school. His paternal grandfather. Stephen John- son, served in the revolutionary war. JOHNSON, Peter Rogers, son of Calvin and Nancy (Rogers) Johnson, was born in Holhston, Middlesex county, June 22, 1824. His education was received in the com- mon schools. His first connection in business was with the late .\lden Leland, of HoUiston, in the manufacture of boots antl shoes. In 1858 he began manufacturing boots on his own account, but in 1871 joined with the late J. H. Lester and L. R. .Moody, under the firm name of Lester, Johnson & Moody. LTpon the retirement of Mr. Lester, the present partnership was formed, under the firm name of Johnson, Moody & Co., man- ufacturers and dealers in boots and shoes, Boston. Mr. Johnson was first married in Sher- born, May 29, 1849, to Eleanor, daughter of Jacob and Mary Ann (Hooker) Pratt. The fruit of this union was two children : .\I. Anna and Helen L. Johnson. Mrs. John- son died in 1885. Mr. Johnson's second marriage was with Jessie M., daughter of Ja.son and Emily W. (Goddard) Hart. Mr. Johnson was representative to the Legislature in 1872 and '77. He has been repeatedly called to serve his town as selectman, assessor, etc. He is director in the Holhston National Bank and in the Holliston Mills. Mr. Johnson's father dying when the son was but two years old, circumstances compelled the latter to seek employment at a tender age. At ten he was appren- ticed to B. F. Batchelder, to learn the shoe- making trade. He remained until sixteen vears of age, when he assumed the re- sponsibilities of life for himself, and by his energy and perseverance has attained to his present measure of success. JONES, Bradford Elliot, son of Rosseter and Hannah (Marshall) Jones, was born in North Bridgewater, Plymouth county, September 22, 1840. He'was educated in the public schools of his native town and the North Bridge- water .\cademy. He entered the dry-goods store of Charles Curtis when seventeen years of age, and remained there nearly four years. In 1864, he started in the dry-goods busi- ness for himself, in Provincetown, remain- ing there till 1867; then returned to North Bridgewater and organized the house of Jones, Lovell & Sanford, buying out the long established business ot Brett Bros. This co-partnership continued about three years, when Mr. Sanford retired, and the business continued under the firm name of Jones & Lovell, until May, 1875. The senior member then retired, and purchased the dry-goods business of H. H. Pack- ard, now operating under the name ot B. E. Jones lV Co. Mr.Jones was married in Provincetown, September 21, 1862, to Kate Maria, daugh- ter of Dr. Stephen A. and Catherine M. W. (Brackett) Paine. Of this union were two 344 lONES. JONES. children : Kittv Paiiie and Stephen Ros- seter Jones. He is president of the Security Co-oper- ative Bank, vice-president of the Brockton Savings Bank, director of the Home Na- tional Bank ; has been treasurer of Paul Revere Lodge of Masons since 1875, and is president of the Landlords' Protective Association. In 1882 he was elected alderman to the first city government. He BRAUFORD E JONES is also treasurer of the Brockton Masonic Benefit Association. He has uniformly been a large holder in the real estate, and a firm believer in the future prosperity, of the city of Brockton, but is also operating quite extensively in orange growing in Florida. JONES, Edward Jenkins, son of Jacob and Mary (Covell) Jones, was born in Boston, October 15, 1822. His educational advantages were the primary and grammar schools of Boston. He began his business career by finding employment as clerk for ^\'illiam W. Mot- ley, in the Albion clothing store. In 1845 he was appointed deputy sheriff and was crier of the supreme court. He chose the profession of the law, and after due preparation was admitted to the Suf- folk bar, of which he has been a mem- ber for twenty years. His present voca- tion is that of lawver and master in chancery. Mr. Jones was married in Boston, April 26, 1849, to Emily I)., daughter of James and Fanny B. Campbell. Of this union are eight children : Emily D. C, Richard F., p:dward J,, Jr., Helen M., Daniel C, Mary C, Ezra P., and Harry Jones. In addition to the offices of deputy sheriff and crier of the supreme court, he has been captain of the watch, chief constable of the Commonwealth, justice of the peace, notary public, master in chancery, commissioner of insolvency, police com- missioner ; has held all the .grades of office in the state militia from corporal to lieuten- ant-colonel, captain of the nth Massachu- setts light battery during the rebellion, up to the surrender of General Lee and the close of the war. He was breveted major of U. S. V. for conspicuous gallantry at the battle of Fort Stedman, Va., March 25, 1865. From March, 1866, he was six years assistant inspector on the staff of Major-General JJenjamin F. Butler, com- mantling the division of Massachusetts nnlitia. He is a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, of the (i. A. R.; also of the Ancient and Honorable Artil- lery Company, and National Lancers. Since 1841 his church connections have been with the Baptists. He is a life mem- ber of Columbia Lodge and of St. Andrew's Chapter and Joseph Warren Commandery. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. Mr. Jones was a member of the House of Representatives 1873 and '74. JONES, ERASTUS, son of Asa and Lucy (Dunbar) Jones, was born in Spencer, Wor- cester county, September 11, 1825. His early educational advantages were limited to the common and high schools of Spen- cer, in those days, the high school being a private institution. After leaving school, at seventeen years of age, he entered the employ of his brother, then manufacturing boots. In 1S46 he formed a partnership with his brother, who retired in 1861, H. P. Starr succeeding him. Since that time the firm name has been E. Jones & Co. In 1850 Mr. Jones was married in Rath, Maine, to Mary Isabella, daughter of John, V>. H. and Isabella (Prince) Starr, and sis- ter of his partner. Of this union were five children : Lucy I., Julia F., Charles E. (deceased), Everett S., and Mary P. Jones. Mr. Jones was town clerk in 1868 and '69, and served in the House of Representa- tives one year (1874). He is president of the First National Bank, Spencer, and has JONES. JONES. 345 been since its organization. He has been president of the Spencer Savings Bank and treasurer of the First Congregational parish for a long term of years ; has been treasurer of the town of Spencer for sev- eral years, being elected to the latter posi- tion without any opposition. During the war he was firm in his support of the Union cause, and liberal in his contributions. A man of the strictest integrity in his success- ful business relations, he has a large heart, and his most intimate friends are not ac- quainted with the extent or direction of many of his charities. JONES, Jerome, was born in Athol, Worcester county, October 13, 1837. He is the youngest son of the late Theodore and Marcia (Estabrook) Jones, and grand- son of Rev. Joseph Estabrook, the second minister of Athol, and a noted preacher in his time. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common school at Athol, and at an early age entered as clerk the country store of Goddard iv: Ward, in the adjoining town of Orange. In 1853 he was appren- ticed to Otis Norcross & Co., of Boston, where he received his commercial training, this firm being then the leading importers of crockery in the United States. In 1861, at twenty-three years of age, he was ad- mitted a partner, and in 1865 he was sent to Europe as the foreign buyer of the firm, which position he filled with ability for many years. In 1867 Otis Norcross was elected mayor of Boston, and retired from the business, which was subsequentlv carried on under the firm name of Howland & Jones. On the death of Ichabod Howland, in 187 1, the firm was changed to the present firm of Jones, McDuffee & Stratton, the senior partner of which completed in June of the present year thirty-six years of con- tinuous service in this widely-known house. Few instances can be found of more rapid and marked mercantile success than in the case of Mr. Jones. He went from home a mere lad to make his own way in the world, and with this purpose in view worked earnestlv in a country store until he was sixteen years of age. During the next seven years, by thorough training and faithful service, he gained, step by step, position and prominence, and at the age of twenty-three, was admitted as partner in the leading crockery house in the coun- try. At the age of twenty-seven he be- came its foreign buyer, and at thirty-three its senior partner — a career notable in many respects, and especially in exempli- fying the dignity of labor and its appro- priate rewards. Mr. Jones has been twice married. His first wife was Fllizabeth R. Wait of Oreen- field, to whom he was married February II, 1864. Mrs. Jones died July 10, 1878, leaving four children : Theodore, Eliza- beth W., Marcia E., and Helen R. Jones. He was married the second time in Febru- ary, 1 88 1, to Mrs. Maria E. Dutton of Bos- ton. Mr. Jones is a representative business man of the best ty|3e. His record has made him a man of marked prominence. He is a Jeffersonian Democrat, and a member of the executive committee of the Mas.sachu- setts Tariff Reform Club. He has been for many years a trustee of Mt. Auburn Cemetery ; director in the Traders National Bank ; member of the Boston Commercial Club, of the Unitarian Club, and Brookline Thursday Club. He was also for several years president of the Boston Earthenware Association, and president of the Worcester Northwest Agri- cultural Society. His residence is Brookline. JONES, Silas, son of Silas and Love (Shiverick) Jones, was born in Falmouth, 15arnstable county, February 25, 1814. He received what education he could glean from books in the common schools of Falmouth in those days. Early in life, turning toward the sea for a livelihood, he engaged in the whaling- business, making his first venture at six- teen years of age. At the age of twenty- six he was in command of a ship, and continued in the business as master of a ship ft)r fifteen years. He was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature in 1865 and '66. He retired from active business, and accepted the presidency of the Falmouth Bank, 1881. Captain Jones was married in Falmouth, May 19, 1845, to Harriet B., daughter of Joseph (a descendant of John Robinson, of Puritan fame) and Olive C. (Lawrence) Robinson. Of this union were six children : Oeorge F., Rowland R., Lucy S., Ellen M., Mary R., and Silas Jones, Jr. He is a man of strong individuality, firm, reticent and unostentatiou.s, though self- re.liant. He possesses in an eminent de- gree the respect of his townsmen. He comes of good New England stock. Always cool and self-possessed, he had these qualities once tested to their limit, when third mate of a ship, while running throua:h the Micronesian Islands. She 346 JORDAN. JORDAN. was captured b}- native pirates, and seven of the crew were murdered, when young Jones, from a position partially j^rotected, picked off the pirates one by one, until he literally redeemed the lost ground, suc- ceeded in driving them over the side, thus saving the ship. JORDAN, EBEN Dyer, son of Benja- min and Lydia (Wright) Jordan, was born October 13, 1822, in Danville, Cumber- land county, Maine. The Jordan family of this country trace their line to one pro- genitor, the Rev. Robert Jordan, a priest of the church of England, who came from England about the year 1640. For many years he held a prominent position in the region adjacent to Cape Elizabeth, and the early history of Maine shows him to have been a man able to conduct difficult enterprises, and to administer important trusts, at a time when the unsettled condi- tion of the new country, the imperfect exe- cution of the laws, and the terrors of w'ar- fare with savage Indians, were formidable obstacles to success. The line of descent is through Robert (1640), Dominicus (1664), Nathaniel (1696), Benjamin (1738), Ebenezer (1764), and Benjamin, who was born at Danville in 1786. Mr. Jordan was left fatherless and pen- niless at an early age, and his mother being unable to maintain the large family of small children left dependent upon her, the lad was placed with a farmer's family in the neighborhood. He proved a smart, active, industrious boy. His life upon the farm differed not much from that of the ordinary youth who attends brief summer and winter terms at a district school of seventy-five pupils, ranging from five to twenty-one years of age. This limited schooling Mr. Jordan has supplemented in after life by hard e.xperience, a wide range of reading, by extensive travel, and by personal contact with active and success- ful men in all the walks of business and professional life. Just before he was fourteen years of age, Mr. Jortlan made what proved to be an important decision in his life, by resolv- ing to leave the drudgery of the farm and seek employment in Boston — that great centre which has for many years been the magnet to attract the farmer-boys of New England. With his small savings he came by boat from Portland to Boston, and landed in the city of his future renown and success with very little cash, but sound health, good principles, self-reliant habits, industrious and economic methods, and a desire to achieve results by honest toil. He showed good sense in embracing the first opportunity for employment that was presented, and went to work on a farm at Mount Pleasant, Roxbury, at four dollars per month. When he was sixteen, he en- tered the store of William P. Tenny & Company, Boston, remaining there two years, afterwards working for a Mr. Pratt on a salary of two hundred and seventy- five dollars per year. At nineteen years of age his energy, intelligence, and grit, attracted the attention of Joshua Stetson, then a leading dry-goods merchant in Bos- ton. Through his kindness, Mr. Jordan started for himself in a small store'at the M^ ^ EBEN D. JORDAN, corner of Mechanic and Hanover streets in that city. At that time the steamers from down East and the Provinces arrived early in the morning, and to capture the trade of the passengers, this enterprising young merchant was up and had his store open at four o'clock, doing quite a thriving business before breakfast. There was but one result from such devotion to business. His store became one of the most notable and popular on the street, and at the end of four years, the sales amounted to one hundred thousand dollars per annum. Desirous of obtaining practical infor- mation in the matter of buying goods, of gaining a better understanding of the gen- JORDAN. JORDAN. 347 eral lines of trade throughout the world, Mr. Jordan at the age of twenty-five sold out his store and took a position in the well-known and successful house of James M. Beebe. Here, in two years' time, bv hard work anil diligent study, he acquired a thorough knowledge of the principles and management of the business, and the system which Mr. Beebe had been a quar- ter of a century in perfecting. He was now better equipped for going into busi- ness on his own account, and immediately entered upon a new career as a Boston merchant. The firm of Jordan, Marsh & Company was formed in the year 185 1, when thev opened a small jobbing store on Milk Street. They had a reputation for integrity, indus- try and al)ility, and it was not long before they had built up a permanent and profitable trade. Mr. Jordan introduced the cash system into the jobbing business, and made considerable headway in improving the methods of trade for the benefit of custom- ers. Large importers were few in those days, but the competitors of Jordan, Marsh & Company enjoyed this facility, and had large credit abroad. A personal visit of Mr. Jordan to Europe, however, in 1852, removed this obstacle, and ever since the firm has obtained all the credit needed, and their English correspondents have never had occasion to regret the connections then made. The firm steadily progressed, in- creasing its trade and resources, weathered successfully the financial storm of 1857, enlarged its salesrooms and manufacturing departments, and kept up a spirit of enter- prise which increased its profits and strengthened its name. In 1861 Jordan, Marsh & Company bought the retail store on Washington Street where now stands their magnificent establishment, a fit mon- ument to the broad and comprehensive spirit which has ever characterized the career of this successful merchant. During all these years, when Mr. Jordan has been active in building up the fortunes of his house, he has been one of Boston's most public-spirited citizens. Persistently refusing all suggestions of political honors, he has ever been ready to forward any public movement to promote the best in- terests of the city, and to contribute to any public testimonial in favor of those who have achieved success or merited public recognition. A staunch patriot at the time of the rebellion, a generous contributor to the Peace Jubilee, he has by liberal expend- iture of time and money, indisputablv linked his name with all that has tended to make the city of his adoption the metrop- olis indeed of New England. The career of Mr. Jordan shows what is possible for a boy with few early advan- tages, without means or friends, to accom- plish, by diligent application to busine.ss, a life of the strictest integrity, and by a generous and open-handed co-operation in enterprises that promote the public weal. Mr. Jordan was married in Boston, Jan- uary 13, 1847, to Julia M., daughter of James Clark. His children are : Walter (deceased), James Clark, Julia Maria, Eben Dyer, Jr., and Alice Jordan. JORDAN, JEDIAH Porter, .son of An- son and Matilda H. (Porter) Jordan, was born in Raymond, Cumberland county. Me., March 29, 1846. He received his early education at the common schools of Raymond and Casco, and the high school at Portland, Me. He afterwards studied a year prepara- tory for college ; but at the end of that period, owing to the death of his father, he left school at the age of sixteen, came to Roxbury, Mass., and entered the freight office of the Boston & Providence Rail- road as a clerk. While in this position, he enlisted as a private in company D, 42d Massachusetts infantry, July 20, 1864, rising by promo- tion to sergeant-major of that regiment. At the expiration of his regiment's term of service, he re-entered the employ of the railroad company as assistant to the gen- eral freight-agent, which position he occu- pied for two years. He was then for two years book-keeper for .4. L. Cutler & Co., and subsequently for Carter Brothers & Co., wholesale paper dealers. In 1875 he became a partner in the latter firm, retain- ing his connection with this house under its various changes of style to Carter, Pul- sifer and Jordan ; Pulsifer, Jordan & Wil- son ; Pulsifer, Jordan & Pfaff. Mr. Jordan left Roxbury in 1872, and resided for six years in Quincy, when he returned to Roxbury, where he has since resided. In addition to his army service, he was for three years commander of company 1 ), ist regiment of infantry, M. V. M. (Rox- bury city guard), which under him gained a high reputation and great proficiency in drill. He was also at one time commander of Post 88, G. A. R., of Quincy ; Post 26, Ci. A. R., of Ro-xbury ; commander of Rox- bury .•\rtillery .\ssociation, and was chief of Norfolk county division of theG. A. R., at the laying of the corner-stone of the Boston soldiers' monument. He was com- 34^ JOSLIN. TOSLIN. missioned a colonel by Gov. John D. I-ong, January 9, 1880, and served on his staff for three years. In presidential campaigns his services have always been in great demand in the organization of campaign battalions, and he commanded corps of this kind in 1868, '72, '76, '80 and '84. Mr. Jordan is a staunch Republican in politics, in which he has alwa)-s taken a lively interest. He has always held a high position in local affairs in Roxbury, declin- ing public office until 1S87, when he was elected senator for the 7th Suffolk district. His commercial relations have given him honorable prominence throughout the coun- try, and his executive ability has been often recognized in contact with the prominent business men of Boston. He is vice-presi- dent of the Boston Paper Trade Association. He was married May 19, 1870, to Martha Shackford Meserve, the daughter of Capt. Isaac H. and Mary W. Shackford. He has four children : Robert Anson, William Meserve. Porter Belles, and Mary Shack- ford Jordan. JOSLIN, Allen Lafayette, son of Elliott and Almira (Davis) Joslin, was born in East Thompson, Windham county. Conn., August 30, 1833. His education was limited to what he gleaned from the district school. At twenty-four years of age he started in the shoe business for himself, in Oxford, Mass. In i860 he formed a co-partnership with L. B. Corbin, under the firm name of I.. B. Corbin & Co., shoe manufacturers. This co-partnership was dissolved in 1870, and a new one formed in 1871, under the firm name of A. L. Joslin &: Co., who carry on the business at the present time. Mr. Joslin was married in Oxford, Sep- tember 15, 1857, to Lucretia M., daughter of Loriston and Clarissa (Eddy) Shumway. Of this union were two children : Ada L. and Homer S. Joslin. He was again mar- ried in Peabody, October 24, 1867, to Sarah A. E., daughter of Abel and Lydia P. (Emerson) Proctor. Of this union were two children : Elliott Proctor, and Abel Proctor Joslin (deceased). Mr. Joslin has served his adopted town in various official capacities — selectman, treasurer, member of school board, etc. He was a representative to the Legisla- ture in 1885 ; state senator in 1886. He is president of Oxford National Bank, and trustee of Leicester Academy. His sum- mer residence is Oxford, and his winter residence. Beacon Street, Boston. JOSLIN, Ja.mes Thomas, son of Eiias and Elizabeth (Stearns) Joslin, was born in Leominster, Worcester countv. Tune 23, 1834. He is a lineal descendant of Thomas Joslin, who came to America from Eng- land in 163s, and who was a pioneer settler in Lancaster, where he died in 1660. Mr. Joslin was educated in the common and high schools of his native town, and subsequently pursued a two years' course of stud)' in Lawrence Academy, Groton. He then began the study of law in the of- fice of the late Hon. Charles H. Merriam, Leominster, where he remained two years, and then spent two years in the office of Wood & Bailey, Fitchburg, where he was admitted to the bar in i860. Like many another lad who has to de- pend upon his own resources, he com- mencetl to teach school when he was JAMEi T. JOSLIN. eighteen years of age, and taught five winters in Leominster, besides acting as assistant in the high school one year. He also taught the Hale high school at Stow during the autumn of 1857, and in the winter of 1859 completed a term fh a school where three teachers had provetl unequal to the task. While pursuing his legal studies in Leominster he served two vears on the lUDD. KEENE. 349 sciiool board, and one year was collector of taxes. Immediately after admission to the bar he opened an office in Felton- ville, Marlborough. The growth of the village was so rapid, that in 1864 Mr. Joslin wrote a series of articles which were published in the local paper, recommend- ing the incorporation of a new town. As a result of this and other efforts in the same direction, the town of Hudson was incorporated in 1866. Mr. Joslin was made a member of a committee of three to attend to all matters pertaining to the changes made, and served until the work was consummated. Since the town was incorporated, he has been elected thirty- nine times as moderator to preside at town meetings. In politics he has always been a staunch Republican, and for two years was a mem- iier of the Republican state central com- mittee. He was an active participant in the construction of the Massachusetts Central Railroad, and retained his ifiterest therein until it was leased to the Boston & Lowell Railroad Company. For some years he was a director in the corpora- tion. Mr. Joslin is a trial justice, to which office he was appointed in 1867. He was postmaster two years during President Lincoln's administration. With the fra- ternity of Odd Fellows he has been ac- tive ; -was- elected noble grand of Hudson lodge at its institution in 187 1 ; in the grand lodge has served several years on the committee on appeals ; in 1880 was elected grand master, and the two years following was representative to the sov- ereign grand loilge. He is also a trustee of the Odd Fellows' Home. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and is a past eminent commander of Trinity com- mandery of K. T. of Hudson. In religion he has always affiliated with the liberal school, and is a life-member (jf the .\merican Unitarian Association. Not- withstanding his activity in society mat- ters, he has not neglected his profession, to which he is devoted, and in which he has attained an honorable rank. He married Annie Catherine Burrage, October 14, 1861. Their children are : Ralph Edgar, a lawyer, and Nellie Watson Joslin. JUDD, Frederick Eugene, son of William I), and Melvina A. (Carleton) Judd, was born in Lowell, Middlese.x county, March 30, 1852. His educational training was received in the Lowell schools, he graduating from the high school July 24, 1869. He entered business life as book-keeper for a wholesale woolen house, Boston, and subsequently removed to Northampton, engaging in the same business. In November, 1887, he was taken into company with A. tl. Judd, in a general store at Southampton, under the firm name of A. G. Judd & Co. Previous to this he was in the employ of Mr. Judd. Mr. Judd has been for the past twelve years chairman of the Republican town committee. Republican district committee, assistant postmaster, and town clerk. He has served three years as town treasurer, and has been census enumerator three terms for Easthampton and Southampton. At present he is town treasurer. He is a justice of the peace, and is much employed in settling estates, as executor and administrator. His church connec- tions are with the Congregational church, of which he is an officer, organist and musical director. Mr. Judd is a lineal descendant of the Rev. Jonathan Judd, first minister of South- ampton, who was settled in that parish from 1743 to 1803. KEENE, Walter Scott, son of Norris and Sarah Ann (Nye) Keene, was born in Palmyra, Somerset county, Maine, Novem- ber 9, 1858. He received his education in the common schools of Palmyra and adjoining towns in Somerset countv. He was for a time clerk for his father in Palmyra. At nine- teen years of age he entered, as porter and laborer, the store of Shaw Brothers, Bos- ton. Of this house he is now head sales- man and partner. Mr. Keene was married in South Boston, January 6, 1881, to Kate Millet, daughter of Josiah L. and Clarinda (Sherman) Thomas. They have two children : Walter Scott, Jr., antl Nellie Iva Keene. Mr. Keene is a member of the Stoneham board of trade, and a director in the Co-op- erative Bank of Stoneham , is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F., and of the Im- proved Order of Red Men ; he has also been a member of the Republican town JD>- KlilTH. KEITH. committee for some years, and in 1889 was chosen one of the selectmen of Stone- ham, where he resides. KEITH, George E., son of Franklin Keith, was born in Brockton, Plvmouth county, February 8, 1850. He attended the common schools of his native town, working mornings and even- ings, during the time, in his father's shoe factory. Finishing his high school studies, he fol- lowed his trade until 1874, when he started in business for himself as a shoe manufact- urer, which he has since followed, without change. Mr. Keith was married in Whitman, October, 1877, to Anna ()., daughter of Hon. Wm. L. Reed. Of this union are two children : Eldon B. and Harold C. Keith. Mr. Keith has been called upon to serve his city as alderman, is president of the Loan Fund Bank, director in the Brock- ton National Bank, and holds the same position in the Brockton Savings Bank. He is president of the Y. M. C. A., and holds his church connections with the Congregational church. His success in business is shown by an increase in number of employees since 1874, when he began with twenty. He now employs five hundred, and is the largest manufacturer of shoes in the city of Brockton. KEITH, Isaac Newton, son of Isaac and Delia B. Keith, was born in West Sandwich, Barnstable county, November 14, 1838. He received his early education in the public schools of Sandwich. He learnetl the business of telegraphy, and worked two years as operator. He was superin- tendent of the American Telegraph Com- pany, Cape Cod and Cape Ann districts, seven years, with headquarters in Boston. In October, 1867, he began business as a manufacturer of railway cars, two years with Isaac Keith & Sons, eight years under the firm name of H. T. & I. N. Keith, and ten years as the Keith Manu- facturmg Company, Isaac N. Keith, sole proprietor. Mr. Keith was married in Provincetown, September 7, 1865, to Eliza Frances, daughter of Eben S. and Adeline Smith. Of this union are two chddren : Adeline Eloise and Eben Sturgis Smith Keith. Mr. Keith was called to serve the Com- monwealth as representative to the Gen- eral Court, 1875 and '76, and was elected to the state Senate, 18S7 and '88, from the Cape district. He was prominent in the division of the town of Sandwich. That portion set off was incorporated as the town of Bourne, April 2, 1884. ISAAC N, KEITH. In 1889 Mr. Keith served as an influen- tial member of the e.xecutive council of Governor Ames. KEITH, Lafayette, son of Solomon and Lucinda (Keith) Keith, was born October 21, 1824, in Bridgewater, Plym- outh county. He received a common school education, supjjlemented by a limited attendance at Bridgewater Academy. • In 1 84 1, being seventeen years of age, he decided to learn the trade of carpenter, and followed the business until 1854. In 1854 he was appointed postmaster at Bridgewater, holding the position until 1862, when he was appointed assistant assessor of internal revenue. This office was changed to deputy collector of in- ternal revenue. May 20, 1873. He has retained the office through several changes of administration, and still holds the posi- tion. Mr. Keith was married at the St. Nicholas Hotel, New York, April 13, 1858, to iSIary K., daughter of Oliver and Diana Eaton, KKITIl. KEITH. 551 by wiioni he has one child : t'assie K. Keith. j\lr, Keith has always refused any elective office in the gift of the people. He was secretary of the Plymouth County Agricul- tural Society for twenty-four years (1S63 to 1887). The path of his life-work has been an uphill one, especially during his early years. His father died when he was eight years old. At this tender age he was obliged to work in a cotton mill, receiving seventy-five cents per week — a contrast indeed to the amount received in later years of prosperity. KEITH, MONROE, son of Avery and Lydia (Hathaway) Keith, was born at Granby, Hampshire county, March 28, 1835. He received his early education in the ■district schools and high school of Granby. Subsequently he attended the Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, two terms, and two at the Amherst Academy. He then turned his attention to farming, in which occupation he still continues, at (Iranby, being also engaged in the wood and lumber business. Mr. Keith has been an assessor of Granby ten years, and for the last eight, chairman of the board. He has served five years as selectman, being chairman of that board three years. In 1876 he represented the 5th Hamp- shire representative district in the Legis- lature, serving on the committee on educa- tion. Mr. Keith was married November 22, 1859, to Carrie .\., daughter of Asliael and Samantha (Robinson) Nash, by whom he has one daughter : Bertha Keith. Mr. Keith has long been identified with the interests of the Democratic party, and yet has been so impartial in the execution of the trusts committed to his hands, that he alwa^'s commands a very generous support from his political opponents. KEITH, Preston Bond, son of Charles Perkins and Mary (Williams) Keith, was born in Campello, Plymouth county, October 18, 1847. He traces his ancestry in this countrv to the Rev. James Keith, who came from Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1662. He was the first ordained minister in Bridgewater. Mr. Keith was educated in the public schools, finishing with the Brockton high school, and at the age of eighteen went to Boston and entered the employ of Martin L. Keith, shoe manufacturer in Brockton, with .store and salesroom in Boston. Here he remained about five years, learning the shoe business. Returning to Brockton in 187 1, he commenced business for himself in Campello. The growth of the business compelled his removal to a better location with increased facilities, where he con- tinued for some thirty years. Three years later he leased the property and erected his present large manufactory, which was opened in July, 1878. Mr. Keith was a member of the board of aldermen, Brockton, in 1S82 and '83. He is a director in the Home National Bank, which position he has held since its organization. He is vice-president of the Campello Co-operative Bank. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the South Congregational church. Mr. Keith was married December 8, 1869, to Kldora Louise, daughter of Josiah W. and Margaret (Dunlap) Kingman. Of this union is one child : Alice Keith, born April 2, 1877. KEITH, ZiBA C, son of Ziba and Polly (Noyes) Keith, was born in North Bridgewater — now Brockton — Plymouth countv, July 13, 1S42. Li the home where ZIBA C. KEITH. he was born, six generations of the Keith family have lived and died. His early educational training was se- cured in the public school and in Pierce Academy, Middleborough. Entering upon 352 KELLOGG. KENDALL. a business life, lie was for five years book- keeper and salesman in the office of his brother, Martin L. Keith, Boston. In 1864 he returned to his native place, and in partnership with Embert Howard, opened a general store, under the firm name of Howard & Keith. After some changes in partners and ownership, Mr. Keith pur- chased the entire business and conducted it until 1882. In 1875 he was elected to the House of Representatives, and re-elected in 1876. In 1879 he served his town as selectman. He was the first mayor of Brockton, elected in 1881 ; was re-elected with an increased majority in 1883, and again in 1884. He was a member of the state Senate 18S7 and '88, serving on the committees on water supply (chairman) and labor. Mr. Keith is connected by membership with the South Congregational church, and prominently identified with commandery, chapter, and lodge of the local Masonic fraternity. He was largely instrumental in organizing the Campello Co-operative Bank, which has done much to build u|3 that part of the city. He is vice-presi- dent of the Brockton Savings Bank, and director in the Brockton National Bank. Mr. Keith is one of the sterling business men of that rapidly growing city, and a man of acknowledged executive ability. Mr. Keith was married in North Bridge- water, December 31, 1865, to Abbie F., daughter of Oliver and Melvina (Packard) Jackson. Of this union is one child : William Clifton Keith. KELLOGG, JOHN Edward, youngest son of the late Eleazer Kellogg of Am- herst, was born at Amherst, Hampshire county, July 2, 1845, and received his early education at the Amherst public schools and academy. During his boy- hood he worked on his father's farm. He graduated at Williston Seminary, East- hampton, in the class of 1865, and at Am- herst College in the class of 1869. While in college he commenced his newspaper work by being Amherst reporter for the " Northampton Free Press " and the " Springfield Republican ; " he also did some work on the "Amherst Record." In June, 1869, he commenced work in the " S|)ringfield Republican " office, in the proof-reading department, and then did local and New England reporting. In May, 1870, Mr. Kellogg went to the New York Associated Press office, as day agent of the New England Associated Pres.s. In October, 187 1, he returned to the " Springfield Republican " office, and in May, 1872, changed to the "Taunton Ga- zette." His ne.xt move was to Fitchburg, where he bought an interest in the " Weekly Sentinel." In May, 1873, the Sentinel Printing Company started the " Fitchburg Daily Sentinel," of which he has been managing editor ever since. JOHN E KELLOGG. Mr. Kellogg was never married. He was clerk of the common council from April, 1880, to January, 1889 ; has been a member of the school committee since January i, 1887, and a director in the F'i- delity Co-operative Bank since its incor- poration. His life has been devoted to newspaper work. KENDALL, EDWARD, son of Caleb and Doily (Sawyer) Kendall, was born in Hol- den, Worcester county, December 3, 1822. The early years of his life were passed upon his father's farm, between work and study. His first venture in business was when he became of age and started in the lumber trade. This, however, was not successful, and he removed to Boston in 1847, and became an apprentice at the West Boston Machine Shop at one dol- lar a day. Nine months later he was transferred to the boiler department and very soon became the superintendent. This position he occupied for eleven years, and during that time paid off the KENDALL. KENDKICKKX. J3 J debts which he had contracted in the lumber business. In i860 Mr. Kendall began business for himself, in L'ambridgeport, under the firm name of Kendall & Roberts, giving his at- tention chieiiy to the construction of boilers. At present his sons are connected with him, conducting the extensive Charles River Iron Works, under the firm name of i'.chvard Kendall & Sons. He has made manv improvements and inventions in hoiler manufacture. Almost from childhood Mr. Kendall has been connected with the temperance move- ment, and has become identified as a leader EDWARD KENDALL in the cause. In 1S86 and '88 he was the Prohibilorv candidate for representative to Congress from the 5th district. The Ken- ilall Cadet Corps bears his name. He is one of the directors of the Massachusetts .Mliance. He was one of the founders and the first deacon of the Pilgrim Congrega- tional church of Cambridgeport, and a trustee of the Cambridgeport Savings Bank. He was for two years president of the Cambridge Temperance Reform Asso- ciation. He has been four times elected on tlie board of aldermen, and twice a member of the state Legislature, in the years 1875 and '76. His career forms a striking illustration of the vast amount of good which can be accomplished by haril work, fair and honest dealing, and a prac- tical application of the golden rule in all the varied walks of life. In Paxton, on the i6th of December, 1847, Mr. Kendall was married to Reliance, daughter of Solomon and Abigail (\Var- ren) Crocker. They have had four chil- dren : Edward and Emma, both deceased, and (ieorge Frederick and James Henry Kendall. KENDRICKEN, Paul Henry, son of Martin and Annie Kendricken, was born in (ialway, Ireland, December 26, 1834. His early education was obtaineil in the public schools of Boston, and his instruc- tion in the evening schools helped to culti- vate a natural taste for mechanics. Having passed a successful examination, he was commissioned third assistant engi- neer, June 20, 1862, and enteretl the naval service at that time, joining the " Cone- maugh," of Admiral Dupont's fleet ; after- wards served under Admirals Dahlgren and Farragut. On September 6, 1863, he was promoted to second engineer for gal- lantry and courage under fire. From the •• Conemaugh " he was transferred to the iron ship, " Circassian," and the monitor, ■' Nauset," but was afterwards returned to the " Conemaugh," as he best understood her complicated machinery. His first engagement was the attack on l-'ort Wagner, Morris Island. He also par- ticipated in the attack and the passage of forts in Mobile Bay, August 5, 1864, with Admiral Farragut. He served in many other important engagements during his four years and three months' term of ser- vice, and at the close, September 6, 1866, received a diploma from the naval depart- ment and one from the State of Massa- chusetts. On returning to Boston he was made superintendent of the steam-heating works of T. S. Clogston & Co., which position he held until the death of Mr. Clogston, when a new corporation was formed, of which he was made a partner, under the firm name of Ingalls iS: Kendricken. Mr. Kendricken was a member of the Boston common council from ward 20, in 1878, '79 and '80. In 1883 he was elected to the board of aldermen, and was apj^ointed director of public institutions, and intro- duced several reforms in their manage- ment. He was elected to the Senate in iS85,and re-elected in 1886, being the first Democrat elected from his district. In the Senate he favored the following meas- ures : weekly payments, soldiers' exemp- 354 KENNEDY. KENNEDY. tion bill, tenure of office for school teach- ers, tax limitations, and was specially influ- ential in the passage of the two-and-a-half million dollar park loan bill. His famil- iarity with municipal affairs rendered him a valuable member of the committee on cities, where he suggested many excellent modifications in the charter, among others that feature requiring the mayor to submit nominations to the board of aldermen. Mr. Kendricken is a large real estate owner at Boston Highlands, where he re- sides ; is a director of the Roxbury Club ; a member of the Irish Charitable Society, and of Edward W. Kinsley Post, G. A. R., and is commodore of the Kearsarge Asso- ciation of Naval Veterans. Mr. Kendricken was married in Boston, in 1866, to Cecilia A., daughter of Alexan- der and .\nnie Garvey. Of this union are five children : three boys and two girls. Mr. Kendricken is a public-spirited man, possessing liberal and progressive ideas. KENNEDY, DONALD, son of John and Isabella (Sinclair) Kennedy, was born in Glenmoriston, Scotland, April 2, 181 2. Gaelic was his mother tongue, and he learned at the same time English antl Latin in the primary schools of his native countrv. He was apprenticed at the usual age to learn the trade of currier. Having servetl his time and fitted himself for business, he came to America when quite a young man. (Jn his arrival he at once commenced work at the trade in which he was now proficient, utilizing his spare time in the study of medicine, for which he seemed to possess a strong predilection. Mr. Kennedy began the manufacture and sale of his celebrated medicinal com- pound known as " Kennedy's Medical Dis- covery," in a very humble way, carrying it around for sale in a carpet-bag which is now in the possession of the family as a relic. The judicious manner in which the " Discovery " was placed before the public, together with the intrinsic merit of the ar- ticle itself, soon made his name well known throughout the civilized world. The rows of apartment houses and business blocks recently erected by him in his adopted home bear witness to his thrift, enterprise and public spirit. Mr. Kennedy was married in Boston by "Father Taylor," December 25, 1835, to Ann Colgate, Hastings, England, daughter of William and Celia (Golding) Colgate. Of this union were six children : of whom two, Celia and Flora Sinclair, died in in- fancy. The living children are: Ann Isa- bella, George Golding, M. D., Cordelia Martin, and Louisa Colgate Kennedy. In 1874 Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy went to Europe on account of the ill health of Mrs. Kennedy. She was violently ill on the outward voyage, and the permanent effects were so serious that she never felt suffi- ciently strong to undertake the return, residing in Europe until her death, which occurred in Italy in the fall of 1887. Mr. Kennedy spent his winters there, but was usually in or near Roxbury during the re- mainder of the year. Mr. Kennedy was always loath to assume any office, but consented occasionally to the use of his name. He was vice-presi- dent and treasurer of the Scots Chari- table Society a number of years. He was director of the Highland Street Railway Company, a member of the F. & A. M., I. O. O. F., and several charitable societies. DONALD KEMNEDY Mr. Kennedy was something besides a manufacturer and dispenser of medicines. His taste for the beautiful in nature and art was acute. He wrote sancroft, a sister of his first wife. KINGMAN, HOSEA, son of Philip D. and Betsey (Washburn ) Kingman, was born in Bridgewater, Plymouth county, .April 11, 1843. After his early training in the public schools, he attended Bridgewater Academy, also Appleton Academy, Ipswich, N. H. He then entered Dartmouth College, but when the war of the rebellion broke out, he enlisted in company K, 3d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, and was mus- tered into service, September 22, 1862. .After serving one year, he returned to col- lege, made up his junior work during his senior year, and was graduated with his class in 1864. He studied law with William Latham, with whom, after his admission to the bar, he went into partnership, under the firm name of I^atham & Kingman. When Mr. Latham retired (1871) Mr. Kingman re- tained the business, and is now in practice. January, 1887, he began his term as dis- trict attorney. Mr. Kingman was married in Carver, Tune 23, 1866, to Carrie, daughter of Heze- iciah and Deborah tFreeman) Cole. Of this union is one child : .Agnes C. King- man. Mr. Kingman is a trustee of Plymouth County Pilgrim Historical Society, also trustee of Bridgewater Academy. He re- ceived the appointment of special justice of KINGSBURY. KINGSLEV. 359 the I St district court of Plymouth county, November 12, 1878. He was elected com- missioner of insolvency in 1884, and every year since, until this was prohibited bv his holding his present position of district at- torney. Mr. Kingman is a prominent member of the order of Free Masonry. In September, 1862, he accompanied his regiiTient to Newbern, N. C. December, 1862, he was detailed on signal service, and went to Port Royal, S. C, thence to Folly Island, Charleston Harbor, and on June 22, 1863, was mustered out of the service. KINGSBURY, Albert Dexter, son of John Wright and Elizabeth Ann (Upham) Kingsbury, was born in Brookline, Norfolk county, November 8, 1842. He attended the public schools of New- ton ; prepared for college at Fisk's Acad- emy, Newton. July, 1862, he enlisted in company K, 3201 Massachusetts volun- teers, for three years. After the battle of Gettysburg, July, 1863, he was detailed on staff duty at headquarters, 5th army corps, and served till the close of the war, 1865. He was elected the first commander of Clalen Orr Post No. 181, G. A. R., and re- elected to a second term. He studied medicine at the Georgetown Medical College, D. C, and was graduated M. D., March, 1869. In May, 1869, he was appointed house physician of Howard University Hospital, D. C., which office he filled in connection with his private prac- tice till the fall of 1870, when he was sum- moned home by the death of his father. January, 1871, he estabhshed himself in practice in Needham, where he has re- mained up to the present time. Dr. Kingsbury was married in Boston, June 2, 1875, to Julia F^mma, daughter of Edmond B. and Charlotte (Folsom) F'ow- ler. Of this union are two children : Char- lotte Hatch and Alberta Beatrice Kings- bury. Dr. Kingsbury was one of the trustees of the Appleton Temporary Home, and its visiting physician and surgeon ; has been the superintendent of the Sabbath-school ; chairman of the parish committee of the Congregational society ; one of the state medical examiners ; chairman of the town board of health for three years, declining a re-election on the board. He is a mem- ber of the Massachusetts Medical Society, having been elected a counselor of the society for three successive years. He was appointed by the state board of health, correspondent for the board for the towns of Needham and Dover. Dr. Kings- bury has never become engrossed in poli- tics, but has confined himself to his large and growing practice. He is a staunch temperance man. He belongs to the Masonic and Odd Fellow fraternities, and is interested in several co- operative orders. He is a public-spirited citizen, always supporting and frequently leading in movements tending to the im- provement of the town. He was chairman of the committee of citizens appointed by the town to erect a new railroad station in connection with the New York & New ALBERT D KINGSBURY. England Railroad Company. Fie has him- self built one of the largest blocks of Need- ham, and is active in the development of its material prosperity. KINGSLEY, Chester Ward, son of Moses and Mary Kingsley, was born in Brighton, Sufi'olk county, June 9, 1824. In the common schools of his native place were passed the first few years of his school life. Left fatherless at the early age of four years, Mr. Kingsley when only ten years old was thrown upon his own resources, and spent five years in the wilds of Michigan. He then returned to Brighton, and finished his school life in the common and high schools of that town, afterwards learning the carpenter's trade. This not 360 KINGSLEV. KINSLEY. being wholly to his taste, and seeking to better his condition, he accepted the posi- tion of messenger in the old Bank of Brighton, in which position he remained two years. He was subsecjuently teller in the same bank three years. In 185 1 he became cashier of the Cam- bridge Market Bank, remaining five years. In 1856 he went into the wholesale provis- ion business in Boston, and retired from that in 1865. Since that time he has been treasurer of an anthracite coal mining company, and during the time was for eight years president of the National Bank of Brighton, which was the successor to the old bank where he began business life. CHESTER W, KIIMGSLEY. Mr. Kingsley was married in Boston, by Dr. G. W. Blagden, May, 1846, to Mary Jane, the daughter of Daniel and Hannah Todd, of Brighton. Of this union were seven children, four of whom are living : Ella Jane (Mrs. M. Clinton Bacon), Addie May "(Mrs. D. Frank Ellis), Luceba Dorr (Mrs. Parker F. Soule), and C. Willard Kingsley. Mr. Kingsley has been alderman of Cambridge, member of the school board, has been a prominent member of the water board since 1865, and president of the same for man)' years past. He was a mem- ber of the House of Representatives 1882, '83, and '84, and senator from the 3d Mid- dlesex district 188S and '89. He is one of the trustees of Colby University, Newton Theological Institution, the Worcester Academy, and Massachusetts Baptist State Convention, and president of the American Baptist Home Missionary Society. He has been one of the executive committee of the American Baptist Missionary Union, and president of the Boston Baptist So- cial Union and is a member of the Cam- bridge and Massachusetts clubs. He is a life-long Prohibitionist and Re- publican. KINSLEY, Edward Wilkinson, son of Rhodolphus and I.ucinda (Howard) Kinsley, was born in Nashua, Hillsborough county, N. H., Ma)' 24, 1829. He attended the public schools in Spring- field, where his parents had moved w-hen he was some two years of age. While a boy he entered the clothing store of Palmer cV- Clark of that city, where, by his industry, tact, and adaptation to the business, he w-as transferred to a more important posi- tion in their branch store at Norwich, Conn. In 1848 he came to Boston and was em- ployed as salesman in the house of Blake, Patterson & Co., importers of woolens. After becoming an expert in this business he was made a partner in a firm in the same line. During the civil war he was entrusted by his friend. Governor Andrew, who appreci- ated his enthusiasm and had confidence in his ability, with many a delicate and im- portant mission to the government at \\'ashington, and with errands of encour- agement to the men at the front and the wounded in the hospitals. iMr. Kinsley never sought public office, and never accepted a position by election or appointment until he was appointed by Governor AVashburn, ,87: state director of the New York & New Eng- land Railroad Company ; in 1878 he was appointed by Governor Rice a member of the board of railroad commissioners, in which capacity he has earnestly and suc- cessfully advocated improvements in rail- road construction and e(|uipnient, designed to secure the safety and accommodation of the traveling public. Mr. Kinsley is probably as well, if not better, known among the railroad managers, not only of Massachusetts, but of some of the most important roads of the country, than many who have large pecuniary interests therein. Mr. Kinsley was married April 16, 1856, to Calista .\delaide, daughter of Jarvis and Sarah (Spaulding) Billings, of Canton. KITTREDGE. KNOWLTON. 361 I hey have two daughters : Adelaide Pea- body (Mrs. Alfred \V. Carr) and Mary Louise Kinsley. KITTREDGE, CHARLES JAMES, son of Abel and Eunice (Chamberlain) Kitt- retlge, was born on the ist of April, iSiS, at Hinsdale, Berkshire county. In the schools of his native place he re- ceived his early education, and for si.\ months attended the Lenox Academy; then for eighteen months he was a student at the AN'estfield Academy, and for si.x months at Castleton Seminary, Xt. In 1842 he opened a country retail store, in Hinsdale, where he remained for ten years, when he sold out the store and began the manufacture of woolen goods, wliich has since been his principal occu- pation. On the 17th of June, 1845, at Riga, N. Y., Mr. Kittredge was married to Frances ^L, daughter of James and Lydia (Baldwin) Birchard. Their children are : James B., Charles F. (deceased), Ellen J., Clara B., Henry P., Lydia S. (deceased), and Mary J. Kittredge (deceased). Mr. Kittredge has been for thirty years deacon and treasurer of the Congrega- tional church, and was delegate to the Con- gregational council at Detroit in 1877. He has held the offices of town clerk, selectman, justice of the peace and trial justice, and has been upon the school committee. For three years he was county commis- sioner for Berkshire county. He was a representative to the General Court in 1868, and a member of the Senate in i869-'7o. He was state director of the Boston & Albany R. R. in i87o-'7i, and president of the Plunkett Woolen Com- pany, of Hinsdale, from 1862 to '78. He still resides in his native town, where he has made for himself an honored name, and become well known as an enthusiastic participant in philanthropic, social, and j)olitical movements. KNIGHT, Horatio Gates, the .son of Sylvester and Rachel L. Knight, was born in Easthampton, Hampshire county, March 24, 1 8 18. He received his early education at the common schools of his native town. When quite a boy he went into the employ of Samuel Williston at Easthampton, with the expectation of going at once into his store, but much to his surprise he was set to work in the garden. Though a little dis- ap|iointed and dissatisfied, he has since saiti he did the work the best he could. He soon rose in position. In 7832 he be- came a clerk in Mr. Williston's employ, and in 1842 he was a partner with him in his extensive button manufacturing busi- ness. He continued with Mr. Williston in various manufacturing enterprises and mer- cantile pursuits till the time of the hit- ter's death. He is now a manufacturer and merchant, being the senior member of the Williston cS: Knight Company, New York. Mr. Knight served two years in the House of Representatives, two years in the Senate, two years in the executive coun- cil, and four years as lieutenant-governor. He has been a trustee of \Villiams Col- lege, \\'illiston Seminary, Clarke Institu- tion for Deaf Mutes, president of a national bank, a savings bank, and of several man- ufacturing corporations, a director of the New Haven & Northampton railroad, a member of the state board of education, of the Easthampton school committee, and has held various other offices in his native town. Mr. Knight was appointed by "War Governor " Andrew to the office of draft- ing commissioner, by Governor Claflin a commissioner on the Lee and New Haven railroad matters, and by (Governor AVash- burn a state commissioner to the Vienna Exposition. He has traveled extensively in this and foreign countries, having visited Europe many times for business and pleasure. He was a delegate to the Chicago con- vention that first nominated Abraham Lin- coln, and to the Philadelphia convention that nominated (ieneral Grant. Mr. Knight was married in New York City, September 28, 1842, to Mary Ann, daughter of Charles and Minerva P. Hun- toon, by whom he has five surviving chil- dren : Alice, Horatio W., Lucy, Charles H., and Mary Knight — two boys, Frederick A. and Russell W., dying in infancy. KNOWLTON, Marcus P., son of Merrick and Fatima (Ferrin) Knowlton, was born in Wilbraham, Hampden county, February 3, 1839. He was five years old when his parents moved to Monson, where he lived upon a farm till he was seventeen, studying in the public schools and fitting for college in the Monson Academy, teaching in the dis- trict school the last two winters. He entered Yale in 1856, graduating in i860, when he accepted the position of principal of the Union school, at Norwalk, Conn. A year later he entered the law office of James (i. Allen, of Palmer, and afterward studied under John Wells and Augustus L. 362 LADD. LAFORME. Soule, of Springfield, who were then in partnership, and both of whom were after- wards justices of the supreme judicial court. There he was admitted to the bar in 1862, and opened a law office, and there he still resides. In 1870 he was ad- mitted to practice in the supreme court of the United States. Though a man thoroughly devoted to his profession, he has found time to serve the public in various official capacities. In 1872 and '73 he was president of the common council of Springfield. He is a director of the City National Bank, and at the time of his appointment to the supe- rior court in 1881 was a director of the Springfield & New London Railroad Com- pany, and trustee and treasurer of the Springfield City Hospital. In 1S78 he was sent as representative to the Legislature, where he served on the com- mittees on judiciary, liquor law, state detec- tive force and constitutional amendments, gaining for himself an enviable reputation as one of the leading members. He decHned a renomination, but was sent to the state Senate in 1880, vifhere his independence, integrity, and ability won for him the high- est esteem, and resulted in a re-election. In August, 1881, he was appointed a justice of the superior court, and in September, 1887, was promoted to the supreme judicial court. On the i8th of July, 1867, at Spring- field, Mr. Knowlton married Sophia, daugh- ter of William and Saba .\. (Cushman) Ritchie, who died at Springfield, on the 1 8th of February, 1886. LADD, Charles R., son of Ariel and Mary (Winchell) Ladd, was born in Tol- land, Tolland county. Conn., April 9, 1822. His early education was obtained in the public schools, and by two years' attendance at Westfield Academy. Mr. Ladd chose the profession of law, and pursued iiis legal studies in Tolland, Conn.; was admitted to the bar in 1847 ; removed to Chicopee in 1848 ; in 1857 removed to Springfield, and became interested in the insurance business in the office of his brother, R. E. Ladd, in which business he is still engaged, the firm name being Ladd Brothers & Co. Mr. Ladd was married in Hyde Park, April 3, 1886, to Ella M. Weaver, daughter of William G. and Rebekah G. (Ayers) Morse. They have no children. Mr. Ladd has held many offices and posi- tions of honor and trust in city, county and state ; was selectman in Chicopee two years ; representative to the General Court from that town two years, 1853 and '54 ; register of probate, Hampden county, two years ; treasurer of the county nine years ; member of Springfield common council two years; member of the board of aldermen two years ; state senator, ist Hampden district, two years, 1869 and '70; represen- tative from Springfield to the General Court two years, 1873 and '79. In 1879 he was appointed auditor of accounts of the Commonwealth to fill a vacancy ; was elected on the general ticket in November following, and has been re- elected to the same office every year since, and now holds the position, having retained the office longer than any incumbent since the department was created. He was in early life a quarter-master in the Connecticut militia. He is now a di- rector in three paper manufacturing com- panies, and also in the Third National Bank of Springfield. His temporary resi- dence is in Maiden — his home in Spring- field. In boyhood Mr. Ladd worked on a farm and in a saw-mill ; taught school five win- ters while securing an education, and by industry, pluck, and integrity, has carved his fortune with but little assistance other than his own hands and brain. LAFORME, Vincent, was born in Rheine, Westphalia, on the 25th of June, 1823. His father was Anthony Laforme (who was descended from Peter Laforme, of St. Omer, France, an ofificer in the French army), who, in the year 1833, emi- grated to Boston, where he was engaged in the manufacture of silverware until his death in 1846. Vincent Laforme was educated in the public schools of Boston, where he gradu- ated with honor, and subsequently entered his father's business, in which he has since continued. He was married to Sarah Jane Field of Boston, in 1845, and is the father of nine children. Mrs. Laforme was a descend- ant of John Sealy, a citizen of Boston in 1776, who left the town at the evacuation of Boston by General Howe ; he went to Halifax with the British and settled there. Mr. Sealv had two sons in the Federal LAMBERT. LAxMBERT. 363 army, wlio remaineil in active service dur- ing the war ; after the declaration of inde- |)endence they remained and settled in the states. Mr. Laforme joined the Massachusetts volunteer militia in 1841, and was an active member thereof, with the rank of sergeant, until 1848. In 1858 he became a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts, al- wavs taking an active interest in its affairs. VINCENT LAFORME. holding during his membership various im- portant offices, and has served the com- |)any in the post of treasurer and paymas- ter since 1875. He was appointed May 6, 1889, by Mayor Hart, one of the three commissioners of jHiblic institutions, and confirmed by the board of aldermen May 13th. As a citizen of Boston, Mr. Laforme has always been deeply interested in public matters. Although a Democrat in politics, he has ever been independent in action outside of national affairs, fearlessly con- demning, and actively opposing, whatever he considered mischievous or evil in local politics. LAMBERT, THOMAS RlCKER, son of William and Abigail (Ricker) Lambert, was born in South Berwick, York county. Me., July 2, 1809. He is of the seventh generation of his family in Massachusetts, of which Francis Lambert, of Rowley, ("freeman " in 1640), was the first. He was prepared at the South Berwick and the Exeter academies for entrance at Dartmouth College. His father was gradu- ated by the same alma mater in 1798. Receiving an appointment to a cadet- ship at West Point at this time, his collegi- ate course was exchanged for a military education. Before graduation, ill health compelled him to leave, and he entered upon the study of law in the office of Judge Levi Woodbury, at Portsmouth, "N. H. He was admitted to the bar in 1832, Success at the bar did not deter him from regarding the advice of friends who urged him to the church. He became a candidate for orders, and was ordained by Bishop Griswold in 1836. Previous to this he had been in 1834 appointed by Secretary Woodbury a chaplain in the navy, in which he served on board the frigates " Brandywine," " Constitu- tion " and " Columbia," under Commo- dores Wadsworth and Rou,sseau, and Cap- tain Wilkinson. While on a vacation, he instituted the parish of St. Thomas at Dover, N. H. On another leave of absence, he was invited to the rectorship of Grace church. New Bedford, which he accepted and where he remained four years. Returning in 1845 to the chaplaincy, he served at the Navy Nard, Charlestown, with Commodore John Downs. In 1855 he resigned the chap- laincy and became rector of St. John's church, Charlestown, where he remained twenty-eight years. In 1845 he received the degree of A. M., honoris causa, from Brown University, and in 1852 the same degree from Trinity College; in 1863 Columbia College conferred upon him the degree of S. T. D. For thirty years Dr. Lambert has been a member of the standing committee of the diocese of Massachusetts. His promi- nence in the church and the navy, his extended acquaintance with public men for half a century, and his social qualities — for the indulgence of which Dr. Lambert was not only rarely qualified, but also possessed of ample means for their gratifi- cation — rendered hisdelightful home at the rectory the resort of visiting clergy from every part of the country, of travelers from abroad, and of the scholars and literary men of the vicinity. In 1884, when nearly seventy-five years of age. Dr. Lambert resigned his rector- ship and passed into retirement, save only 364 LAMBERT. LANE. his connection with the diocesan stand- ing committee, which he still retains. In Free Masonry he has wrought for nearly sixty years, having received the first degree in his twenty-first year, and attained the thirty-thirtl in his sixtieth. He has been repeatedly grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, and for THOMAS R. LAMBERT. more than fifty years the intimate and social friend of the grand officers. Dr. Lambert was married in January, 1845, to Mrs. Jane Standish Colby, of New Bedford, daughter of Hon. John Avery Parker and widow of Judge H. (). O. Colby. They have one son : William Thomas. LAMBERT, WiLLlA.W HENRY, son of Isaac and Lucy (Dingley) Lambert, was born in Durham, .Vndroscoggin county, Maine, .\ugust 8, 1843. His early mental training was directed in public schools, the printing office of the '• Lewiston Journal," and Lewiston Falls Academy, Auburn, Me. He was graduated from Colby Univer- sity in the class of 1865. After graduating, he studied law in Waterville, and was ad- mitted to the bar at Augusta, 1867. He was then called to Castine, to take charge of the high school. He accepted, and re- mained there one year. He was principal of the Augusta high school 1868, '6g and '70; principal of the Lewiston high school from 1870 to '74 ; principal of the Fall River (Mass.) high school from 1874 to '79 ; superintendent of schools. Maiden, from 1879 to '84. In 1887 he was again called to the Fall River high school, where he still remains as principal. Mr. Lambert was married in Waterville, Me., in September, 1866, to Emma F., daughter of W. G. and Achsah C. (Wood) Otis. Of this union are two children : Grace E. and Gertrude A. Lambert. Mr. Lambert has served as editor of the '■ Maine School Journal ; " secretary of the New England School Superintendents' As- sociation ; president of the INLddlesex Teachers' Association and president of the Massachusetts State Teachers' Association. He was admitted to practice in Massa- chusetts courts, 1883. He edited " Mem- ory Gems" and "Robinson Crusoe," for use of schools, and has been an occasional contributt)r to the " New England Journal of Education," and other school journals. • LANE, SaURIN Eliot, son of Benja- min Ingersol and Susan (Eliot) Lane, was born in Townshend, Windham county, Vt., .\ugust 31, 1 81 8. Among his ancestors are found the names of John Eliot, Sirs John Lawson ami Hildreth. His father was the son of a dau.ghter of John Lawson, and Benjamin Ingersol Lane. Of the early settlers who came to the colonies of the name of Lane, there were three brothers, two of whom settled in Virginia, and one in Massachu- setts, and hence the relations between the Lanes of the South and the North. But all the Lanes of the North do not trace, with Dr. Lane, it appears, to the same an- cestor, who was a Scotch Presbyterian, and an officer, nevertheless, in the army of King Charles. The* three brothers were educated men, from whom descended the Lanes who founded the Lane Theolo.gical Seminary, at Cincinnati, Ohio. Cieneral Douglas Lane, for about forty years a senator of Virginia, was of the same stock, and also Generals "Joe" Lane, and "Jim" Lane, the "Father of Kansas," also General Lane of North Carolina. His early educational training was re- ceived in select schools. He was prepared for college under private tutors at an early age, and graduated from Union College in the class of 1841, receiving subsequently the degree of 1). I), from a \\estern col- lege. After graduating, he entered the Union Theological .Seminarv, New York City. LANE. LANG. 365 where he remained two years, then oceu- |)ied his time in study and travel until his ordination, in 1845, at Albany, N. Y. He was lirst invited to the Presbyterian church, Auburn, N. V., but his attention was turned to other fields in the West, and he was selected as one best fitted to take the position of pastor of the Presbyterian church at Lansing, the new capital of Michigan, which he declined, much against his personal inclinations. He became quite widely known through the publication of a pamphlet entitled '• Temperance a Christian Duty, Abstinence a Matter of Christian Liberty," which was endorsed by the leading clergymen and scholars of the country — notably Dr. Ed- ward Robinson. He published several other pamphlets that obtained for him some local notoriety. Dr. Lane was married in Fawn River, Mich., in 1844, to Elizabeth, daughter of Captain Philip Riley and Nancy (Degraff) 'Pol, of Schenectady, N. V. Of this union were five children, of whom three are liv- ing. His second marriage was in Marl- borough, N. H., in 1863, with Louise Noble, daughter of Samuel and Rachel (Noble) Devens, of Boston. Dr. Lane, through the urgent wishes of friends, was finally settled in Galloway, N. Y., over a church then of note and promise, where he remained fifteen years, after which he was in Carmel, N. Y., five years. After the war of the rebellion he was solicited to go South in the interests of the church in West \'irginia, he having become acquainted with the needs of the church in the South, by a sojourn in South Carolina during the troublous days of " reconstruction." He was quite conser- vative in his views, and allied to some of the first families — the Lanes and Eliots — of the South ; and his hold upon the pub- lic has been utilized for their good rather than for the advantage of any party. Since returning North Dr. Lane has given his attention to literary work. He is the author of "The Battle of Point Pleas- ant," written for the Monument Associa- tion, Va. ; " Pa.ssion Week Dated ;" "The 'I'ransit of the Three K's ; " " Home with- in the Gates ; " " Yacation Recreations, or the Castle on the Knob ; " " Astronomical Recreations," and numerous other [jam- phlets and addresses, some published, and some awaiting publication. Dr. Lane has wrought in other fields than that of the gown. When in "recon- struction " days he was called into South Carolina to look after some properties, he became interested by some developments in the social condition of the state during its transition, and joined hands with the better element of .society, always L^nion at heart. He declined a pressing invitation to a profe.ssorship in the University of South Carolina. He was finally solicited to act as assistant-adjutant-general in the department of South Carolina, with civil and military power. He was also special trial justice. While subjected to many tests of mental and physical courage, and for many months living in danger of mo- mentary a.ssassination, he was successful in his mission, and did much in quieting the country, in the protection of life and prop- erty, and the organization of schools. His story of this period would be indeed a thrilling one. LANG, Benja.min Johnson, son of Benjamin and Hannah (ISreed) Lang, was born in Salem, lisse.x countv, December 28, 1837. He received nis early education in the common and high schools of his native town. His father being a music teacher, he inherited a tendency toward the profession which he has adorned so many years. Re- ceiving instruction from his father, he was qualified to play the organ in a church in the town of Danvers at the early age of eleven years, and subsequently played at the Parsons Cooke church, in Lynn, Rev. Rollin H. Neale's, the Old South, and Rev. E. E. Hale's church (the latter at the age of twenty-four) in Boston, and is now organ- ist at King's Chapel, where the standard of church music has for many years been notably the very highest. After his father, his teachers have been Francis Hill of Boston, Alfred Jaell, Gus- tave Satter and Franz Liszt, Mr. Lang being one of the torch-bearers at the lat- ter's funeral. From Mr. Lang's; friendship with Liszt sprang his close connection with \\'agner, in whose plans and purposes he had deep interest, even fn.)ni the time of Wagner's life in Paris. In 1S59, at the age of twenty-one years, he became pianist and organist of the Handel and Havdn Societv in Boston, still holding the position. Mr. Lang was married at Boston, Octo- ber 10, 1 86 1, to Fanny Alorse, daughter of Johnson C. and Emeline (Brigham) Bur- rage. Their children are : Harry (de- ceased), JMargaret, Rosamond, 'and Mal- colm Lang. l\Ir. Lang, since the age of si.\teen years, has been almost constantlv before the Bos- 366 LARRABEE. LASKER. ton public as a concert-soloist, and it has been at his hands that many of the piano- forte concertos of Bach, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Schumann and Beethoven, as well as the works of the newer school, the con- certos of Rubenstein, St. Saens, Bronsart, etc., were first brought out in Boston. Since the age of eighteen j'ears he has been to Europe nearly every year (giving successful concerts himself in Berlin, Dres- den and Vienna), during which time he made the acquaintance of many of the noted living masters of music, from whom he feels that he has somewhat developed himself. Since their organization he has been the conductor of the Apollo and Cecilia clubs of Boston. Under his conductorship Men- delssohn's "Walpurgis-Night," "Hymn of Praise," "Antigone," and "CEdipus," Bee- thoven's " Praise of Music," Haydn's "Sea- sons," Schumann's "Paradise and Peri," and "Faust," Berlioz's "Zn Damnation de Faust" and Brahm's "Requiem," and the " Rinaldo," and many other notable works, have been given a first perform- ance in the city of Boston. Perhaps the most important part of his life has been given to teaching, in which his success has been as gratifying to him as to his numer- ous pupils, many of whom have achieved great distinction as concert-soloists, organ- ists and composers. LARRABEE, JOHN, son of John and Sarah Jane (Kimball) Larrabee, was born in North Maiden, now Melrose, Middlesex county, April 21, 1850. He received his early education in the public schools. When quite young he en- tered the employ of Dr. Edward R. Knights, then the only apothecary in Mel- rose, and when seventeen years old, pur- chased the store, continuing in the same business ever since. He was elected town clerk in 1873, which office he still holds. He was repre- sentative of the nth Middlese.x district in the Legislature 1886 and '87, being chair- man of the committee on engrossed bills both years, and also clerk of the committee on woman suffrage for 1886, and clerk of the committee on public health for 1887. He is now serving as trustee and clerk of the Melrose Savings Bank, upon the commit- tee on cemeteries, having been secretary of the latter fourteen years, and as clerk of the board of selectmen. May 11, 1887, he was appomted by Governor Ames on the board of registration in pharmacy, vice Samuel A. D. Sheppard, resigned, to serve until 1S90. Mr. Larrabee is an active member of the Baptist church and Sabbath-school, also of Wyoming Lodge, F. & A. M., and Mel- rose Lodge, I. O. O. F. He was married September 18, 1876, at Milton Mills, N. H., to L. Ellen, daughter JOHN LARRABEE. of Stephen and Sarah (Clements) Ricker. They have a son and daughter : John Heber and Sarah Helen Larrabee. Mr. Larrabee is a descendant of the old family of Larrabee who first settled in this section in colonial days. LASKER, Raphael, was born in Zirke, Prussia, February ig, 1835. His talmudi- cal studies he began early with his father, a learned talmudist and rabbi, and then he continued under Rabbi Caro of Pinne, Rcdibi Hirsh Schneidemuhl, of Obornick, and later under the great talmudical celeb- rities, Rabbis Moses Veilchenfeld and Men- del of Rogasen. He received his classical and academical finish at the gymnasium of Gleiwitz and the university of Ciessen. In 1S58 we find the subject of our sketch in the state of Ohio at Portsmouth, where he organized the congregation Bnai Abraham, and such was the success of the then young rabbi, that one of the halls of the place was at once fitted up as a syna- ,gogue, and regular divine services held. He was eminentlv successful in his work. LATHROP. LAVALLEE. 367 and established the first Sabliath-school in Portsmouth. The same year, in Portsmouth, he was married to Ernestine Kartjer. Eight chil- dren have blessed the rabbi : Jacob, Alex- ander, Meyer, Arthur, Julia, Isabella, Lillie and Florence Lasker. While laboring in this field, he fre- quently came in contact with the late Dr. Lilienthal, then stationed at Cincinnati, and this great divine, recognizing the abilities of Raphael Lasker, spared no pains to secure for him the position as rabbi with the congregation Shaar Hasho- niayini, of New York, where he officia- ted for nine years, enjo)'ing the uniform respect and good will of his congrega- tion. In conjunction with his ministerial duties. Rabbi Lasker had also under his charge a large educational institute, which grew to such proportions that he was obliged to give up his ministerial office, much to the regret of his congregation, to devote his whole time to the institution named. Many prominent men in New York and elsewhere — judges, lawyers, legislators, physicians and merchants, as well as leaders in Jewish orders — now look back with reverence and pride to their school-days under the training of their spiritual benefactor, Rabbi Lasker. In 1 87 1 he accepted a unanimous call from the Temple Israel congregation, iirooklyn, N. ¥., where he remained until November, 1876, when, at the urgent solici- tation of the most prominent members of the congregation Ohabei Shalom, Boston, he consented to become its minister, and the immediate successor of Dr. Valk Vid- aver, now of San Francisco, Cal. Here the work of Rabbi Lasker has been signally blest. F'rom chaos and dissension he created harmony and order. He is highly esteemed by his fellow-citizens, both Jew and Christian. Py his deep in- terest in public schools, he has won an en- viable position on the Boston school board, of which he has been a member for six years. LATHROP, JOHN, son of Rev. John P. and Maria Margaretta (Long) Lathrop, was born in Boston, February 8, 1835. He received his early education in the public schools of that city and in the state of New Jersey, graduating from Burlington College, New Jersey, in 1853. He re- ceived the honorary degree of A. M. from his alma mater in 1856, and subsequently that of LL. B. from Harvard law school in 1855. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1856, opening an office in Boston ; and in 1872 he was admitted to the bar of the United States supreme court. His prac- tice was largely in admiralty. He was a reporter of the decisions of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts from 1874 to '88. He is at present a justice of the superior court, having received the well- merited appointment at the hands of Gov- ernor Ames. His is eminently a legal mind, with a good share of practical business sense ; always self-contained and composed, his success as a judge seems assured. He was married in Boston, June 24, 1875, to F^liza Davis, daughter of Richard (1. and Mary Ann (Davis) Parker. In 1862 he was made ist lieutenant, 35th Massachusetts volunteer infantry, and also captain of the same, resigning on account of disability in 1863. He held the position of lecturer in the Harvard law school in 187 1 and '73, and in the Boston law school in 1873, '80, '81, '82 and '83. Judge Lathrop still resides in Boston. LAVALLEE, CalIXA, son of Augustin and Caroline (\'alentine) Lavallee, was born at Vercheres, on the St. Lawrence River, in Lower Canada, December 28, 1842. After acquiring a rudimentary education in the schools of his native province, he completed his education in France, gradu- ating at Paris. He studied pianoforte under Marmontel, and harmony, counterjioint instrumentation under Boieldieu and Bazin. Returning to America, he established him- self as a teacher of the art in Boston, where he ranks as a superior musician in interpretation. The style of his composi- tions is bright and melodic, his concerted pieces exhibiting a knowledge of instru- mentation remarkably original.' Mr. Lavallee has been prominent in the Music Teachers' National Association. In 1884 he played a programme of entirely American compositions before that body at its meeting in Cleveland, Ohio. He was elected president of the association and served as such i886-'7. In January, 1888, he was sent as a delegate to London to represent the association before the Na- tional Society of Professional Musicians of England. At present he has a very large class of pupils, of whom many are at the head of leading schools throughout the country ; he is director of the music at the Cathe- dral of the Holy Cross in Boston, and chairman of the programme committee of the Music Teachers' National Association. 368 LAWRENCE. LAWRENCE. His works are : a " Cantata for the recep- tion of the Prince.ss Louise at Quebec," 1878 ; operas of " La Veuve " and " T. & Q." a symphony ; offertory for solo, chorus, ortjan and orchestra ; twelve etudes for piano ; mass in D minor for soprano, con- tralto, tenor, bass, chorus and orchestra ; concerto for piano and orchestra ; miscel- laneous works for piano ; string quartettes ; an oratorio, songs, etc. Mr. Lavallee was married in Lowell, December 21, 1867, to Josephine, daughter of Franyois and Elizabeth (Randolph) de Gent illy. They have a son : Raoul. LAWRENCE, ASA S., the son of Asa and Betsey (Bennett) Lawrence, of (Iroton, and a descendant of Captain Asa Lawrence of revolutionary fame, was Ijorn in Groton, Middlese-x county, May 10, 1820. He received his education in the com- mon schools in Groton ; worked on his father's farm tluring his minority, and afterwards continued in the same vocation. ASA S, LAWRENCE. He was appointed a deputy sheriff for the county of Middlesex, in the year 1851, and still holds a commission as such ; was appointed an assistant assessor for the 7th congressional district during the war of the rebellion ; was appointed a justice of the peace for the county of Middlesex many years ago, and still holds a commission ; was coroner for the county of Middlesex many years, also a notary public. Mr. Lawrence was a member of the state Legislature in 1877, serving on the com- mittee on claims ; he was also a member of the Legislature in 1881, and served on the prison committee. He was a member of the Republican .state central committee for two years. He was chairman of the board of selectmen, assessors and over- seers of the poor of the town of Groton for ten consecutive years ; was collector of taxes for twenty-five years, and has held other town offices at various times. He was a member of the Groton Artillery for many years, and was commissioned as captain. He is a member of the (iroton Farmers' and Mechanics' Club, and has been its .secretary for fifteen consecutive years, also a charter member of the CJroton Grange and one of its officers. Mr. Lawrence was married in April, 1854, to Agnes B., daughter of Jacob and Betsey (Davis) Pollard, who died in March, 1861. His second marriage occurred in November, 1870, to Mrs. Jennie K. Pol- lard, daughter of Deacon Nathaniel and Lydia K. (Hills) Davis, of Groton. Mr. Lawrence has one child : AVilliam A. Law- rence. LAWRENCE, SAMUEL CROCKER, son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Crocker) Law- rence, was born in Medford, Middlesex county, November 22, 1832. His early education was obtained in the public schools of Medford, Lawrence Acad- emy, Groton, and by private study at night. He entered Harvard University in 1S51 and graduated with honors in the class of 1855. For two years after graduation he was a partner in the banking firm of Bigelow & Lawrence of Chicago, and then, at the de- sire of his father, returned to his native place, to engage in business with him as one of the firm of Daniel Lawrence & Sons, distillers, of which he has for many years been the sole [jartner. On the 28th of April, 1859, at Charles- town, he was married to Caroline Rebecca, daughter of Rev. \\'illiam and Rebecca (Taylor) Badger. They have two children : ^Villiam Badger and Louise Lawrence. Mr. Lawrence is a descendant in the twenty-fourth generation from one Robert Lawrence of Lancashire, England, who was knighted by Richard Coeur de Lion, A. D. 1191, in the war of the crusades, as "Sir Robert of Ashton Hall, for distinguishing himself in the siege of Acre." Having a fondness for the military, he was commissioned lieutenant in the Massa- LAWRENCE. LAWRENCE. 369 cluisetts volunteer militia, 1S55, captain in 1.S56, resigned in 1857 to go West ; re-com- missioned captain, 1858 ; major, 1859; July J3, i860, colonel of the 5th regiment of Massachusetts militia, which was one of the first regiments to volunteer for ser- vice when the war broke out in 1861. Dur- ing the preceding winter, with characteris- tic forethought, he began to prepare for what seemed to him an inevitable war, and at his own expense he hired the hall over the Fitchburg railroad station in Boston for frequent drills, and succeeded in bring- ing his command to a high degree of pro- ficiency in militarv tactics. Colonel Law- rence was afterwards offered a commission in the regular army, which he felt obliged to decline, as he did not then wish to part from his men. He tendered his regiment to (Governor Andrew on the 15th of April, 1 861, and on the igth he was ordered to report for duty. His regiment fought with credit at the first battle of Bull Run, Sun- day, July 2ist, in which Colonel I.awrenct- was wounded. He was commissioned by Covernor Andrew, June 9, 1862, Ijrigadier- general in the militia of Mas.sacluisetts, which rank he resigned August 20, 1864 He received in 1S69 one of the highest com pliments paid to military men in this Com- monwealth, in being elected commander ol the Ancient and Honorable .\rtillery Com l)any. For over twenty-five years General Law rence was actively interested in state aiui national politics, but though urgently soli< ited, persistently declined to accept office other than the purely honorary one of presidential elector. He has filled with honor the trust of director in institutions of finance and in those of a charitable nature ; for many years he has served as a director of various railroad corporations, notably the Eastern, Maine Central, and the Boston & Maine railroads, in each of which he is still a director. (_)n the financial shipwreck of the East- ern Railroad in 1876, he was chosen presi- dent of the company, and was eminently successful in keeping the property intact, and in harmonizing the creditors and share- holders into arrangements which saved their interests from the devastation of a struggle in bankruptcy, and the valuable leaseholds of the company from disrup- tion. He is at the present time president of the Eastern and of other railroads. .Amid the pressure of business and of official labor and responsibility, he has never ceased to plan judiciously antl to work zealously for the interests of the Masonic fraternity, in the highest offices of which he has been re|5eatedly honored. For over twenty-five years he has been one of the most active members in the supreme council of the Scottish Rite, and was for fourteen years the deputy for Mas- sachu.setts. A characteristic feature of his Masonic labor has been the establish- ment of permanent charitable funds in every body in which he has been asso- ciated in the working offices. He was three times elected grand master of Ma- sons in Massachusetts, and it was largely through his persistent efforts that the large SAMUEL C. LAWRENCE, debt on the Masonic Temple in Boston was finally paid in full. I lis Masonic library is acknowledged to be one of the most complete in the country for its lit- erary and historical treasures. General Lawrence has a strong hold upon the esteem and gratitude of his fel- low-townsmen of Mediord, for no man has done more to preserve its integrity, pro- mote its welfare, and by his own generous example, quicken its charities. The (irand Army post of the town is called by his name, and no worthy cau.se of public im- provement or private distress fails to find in him an active worker and a beneficent friend. 370 LEACH. LEACH. LEACH, George Carroll, son of Ezekiel W. Leach, M. D., and Charlotte E. (Forster) Leach, was born in Boston, October 19, 1837. He came from an honored line, dating back to an early period in the history of Salem, where, in 1628, Lawrence Leach came from Scotland, and was proposed for a " freeman," and obtained a grant of one hundred acres of land. His son Robert came to Manchester in 1640, and .settled upon a farm on the " Plains," which has ever since remained in the family. His son Samuel was one of the selectmen in 16S0, and he, in turn, was succeeded in the same office by his own son, Richard. Ben- jamin, the latter's son, was a shipmaster, and died at sea, leaving among other children, Ezekiel, who was born in 1755, served in the revolutionary army, and who died in 1821. His son Thomas was like- wise extensively engaged in navigation, dying in one of his own vessels on a voyage from Havana to Hamburg in 1828. ' His son Ezekiel was born in Manchester, 1809. He graduated from Amherst at the age of nineteen, and delivered the 4th of "july oration at Manchester the same year, and entered the office of Dr. George C. Shat- tuck for the study of medicine, compiled a history of the town of Manchester, and died at the age of thirty-three. Mr. Leach's early education was re- ceived in the public schools of Boston and Manchester. He obtained a position as messenger in the Blackstone Bank, Bo.ston, in December, 1853, filling various positions of trust and responsibility, and in 1865 he was promoted to the office of assistant cashier. In July, 1868, he was elected cashier of the People's National Bank of Ro.xbury, and in .August of the same year he was made treasurer of the Elliot Five Cents Savings Bank. In January, 1880, he was elected a director of the People's National Bank, being the youngest mem- ber of the board, and on the death of the late Henry Guild, he was chosen president. Mr. Leach was married in i860 to Angelina E., daughter of Willis A. and Elizabeth (Pray) Colson. They had as children : Grace, born 1861 ; Angle E., born 1864 (deceased) ; Benjamin Allen, hnrn 1870 (deceased), and George Carroll Leach, born J 870. Mr. Leach died July 30, 1889, at his summer residence, Manchester-by-the-Sea. He was a man greatly respected by all who knew him, for his sterling integrity, finan- cial judgment and his uniformly courteous and genial manner, LEACH, Giles Luther, son of Giles and Lucy K. (French) Leach, was born in Raynham, Bristol county, July 10, 1823. His educational advantages were limited to the common schools of Berkley, Taun- ton, and Raynham. When he first started in life for himself, he was employed at Raynham in farming, and his present vocation is still that of farmer and cattle-broker. Mr. Leach was first married June 17, 1857, to Hertilla Seaver, daughter of Da- vid and Hannah (Seaver) Standish. His second marriage occurred February 13, 1 86 1, with Betsey Tobey Sprague, daugh- ter of Joseph D. and Betsey T. (Porter) Hathaway. Of this latter union are four children : Harry Sprague, Carrie Tobey, Giles Edward, and Jesse Porter Leach. Mr. Leach has been president of a tem- perance society ; vice-president of the Mutual Improvement Society ; lieutenant of light infantry, Massachusetts volunteer militia ; has held the various town offices ; moderator of the annual town meetings for eighteen years, and of parish meetings twen- ty-five years ; trustee of the ministerial fund fifteen years ; selectman and member of the school board four years each ; assessor twenty years ; justice of the peace twenty- four years ; was enrolling officer for district No. 3 during the war, and was a member of the House of Representatives 1852 and '66. His residence is Berkley. LEACH, James Gushing, son of Ai- pheus and Elizabeth C. (Mitchell) Leach, was born in Bridgewater, Plymouth county, June 1 1, 1831. His early education was gained in the district schools of those days. In the sev- enteenth year of his age he began serving his time as apprentice with Ambrose Keith, builder, Bridgewater. After sev- eral years with Mr. Keith, he engaged with J. E. Carver, cotton-gin manufacturer, where he remained until 1869. Possessing a strong physique, he was enabled to do an unusually large amount of work daily, and by his diligence and economy he soon put himself in possession of means to go into business for himself. In 1870 he began the manufacture of oil- proof paper, and with this specialty, and his agency for the sale of leather board, he has built up a prosperous business, in which he is still engaged. Mr. Leach was married in Bridgewater, April 29, i860, to Phebe, daughter of Mar- cus and Hannah K. (Leach) Conant, Of this union were three children, all dying in earlv childhood. LEE. LEIGHTON. 371 Mr. Leach possesses the unquahfied conlKlence of his fellow-citizens. For many years he has been chairman of the Republican town committee ; for thirty years a working member of Plymouth County Agricultural Society, one of the trustees and prominent in its management. He has long been a trustee of the sav- ings bank, and member of the investment JAMES C. LEACH. committee, also a director in the Brockton National Bank since its organization. He was commissioned justice of the peace by (lovernor Rice in 1877. He has always encouraged ample appro- priations for public improvement, and par- ticularly that of education. He is a trustee of Bridgewater Academy. His church connections are with the Central Square church of Bridgewater, to which he has been one of its most liberal contributors. Mr. Leach is a lineal descendant of Ciles Leach, who settled in Bridgewater before 1665, and of Rev. James Keith, the first minister in that section of the country. LEE, Andrew, son of Andrew and Fanny Lee, was born in Manchester, Es- sex county, December 15, 1829, and received his early education in the public schools of his native town. His first venture in business was in a line not at all congenial to his tastes, and in 1855 he began the study of medicine under the tuition of Dr. George A. Priest. Three years later he entered the retail drug business in Manchester. As success crowned his efforts, he erected a larger building than the one occupied, increased his business and associated his two sons with him. Mr. Lee was married in Charlestown, November 11, 1847, to Jane E., daughter of Charles and Jane T. Bailey. Of this union are four children : Ada, Charles O., I'rank E., and Jennie T. Lee. Mr. Lee is treasurer of the ITnion ^^'eb Hammock Company, whose large factories are located in Gloucester. He is an active member of the L O. O. F., anil is one of the charter members of Magnolia Lodge 149. The first representatives of this family of Lee were John and Thomas Lee, who landed at Ipswich, in 1640 and 1642 respect- ively. They were descendants of the first Lord Lee, Earl of Lichfield, Viscount Quarendon of Oxford, England. The cre- ation dates back to June 5, 1674, under the regime of the Second Charles. The old Lee family has held a ground title in Man- chester and vicinity continuously for over two hundred years. LEIGHTON, JOHN William, son of Jonathan and Sarah (Knight) Leighton, was born in Eliot, York county, Maine, February 26, 1825. His early education was confined to the public schools of his native village. He came to Boston in 1843, where he learned his trade, and in 1854 became connected in business as builder, which line he still follows. He is at present chairman of the state armory commissioners. Mr. Leighton was married in Eliot, Me., February 19, 1854, to Anaretta Tyler, daughter of James P. and Abigail F. (Varney) Frye. Of this union is one child: Fannie Leighton. Mr. Leighton served in the Boston com- mon council 1861, '62, '63, '68 and '69 ; four years on the building committee, and on the committee on raising Church Street district. He was a member of the popular branch of the Legislature iSSi and '82, and was on the commission for re-modeling the state-house in 1880. He is one of the directors in the Central National Bank; a trustee in the Home Sav- ings Bank, and a member of the invest- ment committee, also a director in the Gran- ite R. R. Company. 372 LEIGHTON. LEUIHTON. Mr. Leighton had full charge of moving Hotel Pelham in 1869, and did all the masonr}'. This was the first work of its magnitude ever done in this country, and JOHN W LEIGHTON. was accomplished without an accident of any kind. The most notable of his buildings are : Boston post-office, Rialto building. Herald building, Simmons block. Commonwealth Bank building, Williams building, and Bos- ton cS: Providence depot, .\mong the pri- vate residences are those of Hon. Frank Ames, Dr. Clarence H. IJlake, and Hon. Leopold Morse. Mr. Leighton is an energetic man, in- spiring the confidence of his associates, and holding their respect and esteem. LEIGHTON, Nicholas Winfield Scott, son of Nicholas and Deborah (Whitney) Leighton, is a native of Auburn, Androscoggin county, Maine, moved from there at two years of age, and was edu- cated at the common and high schools of Gray, Maine. He early gave evidence of talent, and attracted the attention of his parents and teachers by devoting to draw- ing much time that ought to have been occupied with his regular lessons. His especial taste was for sketching horses. From the age of fourteen till about seventeen, he was in the habit of purchas- ing young horses, which, after breaking m,. he would sell at a considerable profit, hi this way, by the time he was seventeen, he had made from sixteen to eighteen hun- dred dollars, with which he started for Portland, Me. He first commenced by painting the portraits of horses for private parties, but as he only received two dollars and a half for his first commission, he did not feel much encouraged, so went to Providence, R. L, where he engaged in the artistic furniture trade, which he quickly picked up without any previous knowledge. This work was paid for by the piece, and young Leighton worked so industriously that some days he earned something over seventeen dollars. Upon the failure of the firm, Mr. Leighton traveled through differ- ent states, painting portraits of horses. He finally settled in Boston, and from a portrait painter of horses, he became one of the most famous animal painters of the day. It is very evident that among the true causes of this artist's success is not only his conscientious devotion to art, but also SCOTT LEIGHTON. his inborn love of animals. He is a mem- ber of the Art Club, and has been not inaptly called the " Landseer of the' Lnited States." LELAND. LELANU. 373 Anions his best-known productions ma_\- jierhaps be named " In tiie Stable," " 'I'hree On tiie Road." Dogs," and " The ERVING, son of \'eterans," "Smuggler,' "The Pet," "Waiting," ' l'"earnaught StaUions." LELAND, LUTHER Samuel and Achsah (Mason) Leland, was born in Leverett, Franklin county, Juh' 22, 1824. He received his early educational training in a Christian home, having for teachers, loving, intelligent parents — also in the public schools of Montague and Holliston. After attending the Holliston Academy for a short time, he entered Worcester Academy, where he fitted for college under the late Nelson Wheeler, afterwards pro- fessor of Greek in Brown University, Prov- idence, R. L His intentions were to finish his academic studies at Brown, but owing to the impaireil health of both father and mother, and the fact of his being the youngest of the family — the one to whom his parents had looked for care and support in the decline of life — he saw that his duty was to relincpiish his cherished hopes, and to tenderly and lov- ingly care for those parents the remainder of their allotted days. During this period he studied metlicine with Dr. J. C. Harris of Ashland, and at- tended lectures at the Berkshire Medical College, Pittsfield. He did not com[)lete his medical studies, but, as he had previ- ously done, engaged in teaching a part of each year, and in farming and manufactur- ing the remainder. Following his early in- clinations, from twenty years of age until he was thirtv-four, he had taught school in Milford, Holliston, Hopkinton and Lvnn- lield. At this time he accepted a call from the school board of Newton, and took charge of the grammar school (now Ham- ilton school) at Newton Lower Falls, in 1858. He has been master of this .school from that date to the present time. During si.\ years of this time he was also master of the Williams school at Auburndale. Mr. Leland was married in Sherborn, May 10, 1849, to Lucy F'.liza Twitchell. Of this union there were three children: ]ila Rozella (deceased), Samuel and Min- erva I"">liza Leland. His second marriage occurred in Westjiort, .\ugust 4. 1875, with I'^Uen Maria (iifford, by whom he has one child : Waldo C.ifford Leland. Mr. Leland was for several years a mem- ber of the school board and town clerk of .Vshland : has been a member of the city council, Newton, and has been frecpiently called upon to represent the F'ree Soil and Republican parties in city, county, district, and state conventions. He has held a commission as a justice of the peace for nearly forty years, and has had quite a large amount of business in writing deeds, wills, and administering estates. His church connections are with the Baptists, of which denomination he is a prominent and active member. He is a member of the Ma.sonic fraternity, is past master and a charter member of Dalhousie Lodge, a life member of the Ma.ssachu- setts Consistory, and has been president of the LTnion Masonic Mutual Relief Associa- tion of Massachusetts since its organization LUTHER E, LELAND. in 1873. He is a member of count}', state, and national educational associations, has been called upon to address educational meetings, and, to a limited e.xtent, has con- tributed to educational periodicals. He was one of the original members of the Mitldlesex County Teachers' Association, of which he has been president ; was one of the organizers and the first president of the Middlesex Schoolmasters' Club. He is the .senior grammar master of New- ton, a con.scientious and faithful teachei', fearless and independent in thought and action, never relinquishing his manhood for expediency or success in his life's duties. 374 LEONARD. LEWIS. LEONARD, Spencer, son of Spencer and Mary (Wood) Leonard, a lineal de- scendant in the seventh generation from Solomon Leonard, one of the first pro- prietors of this town, was born in Bridge- water, Plymouth county, on August 18, 1814. His grandfather, Samuel Leonard, was a minute-man in the war of the revolution, and received a pension from the govern- ment. His father, Spencer Leonard, was drafted in the defense of Plymouth in the war of 18 1 2, for which the government gave a land warrant. He was a farmer and well known for his industrious habits and sterling, honest character. Spencer's youth and early manhood were occupied in the labor of the farm, and his educational advantages were limited to the district schools of that day. At the age of twenty he engaged in the dry-goods trade, which he followed for eighteen years, when he changed his vo- cation to that of farmer, and purchased the Zechariah Whitman farm, and has success- fully carried on the business of farming in connection with the manufacture of wood and lumber, until the present time. About eight years since he purchased an orange orchard in Florida, and has now twenty- eight acres of land and about five hundred orange trees. He married, August 12, 1840, Cementha T., daughter of Isaac and Polly (Chand- ler) Sturtevant. They had five children : Mary L. (married Marcellus G. Howard), Abbie F. (married first, James W. Lee, second, James W. Leach), Austin, Cora C, and Spencer Leonard, Jr. During his long and useful life Mr. Leonard has been elected to many offices in the gift of his fellow-citizens. He rep- resented Bridgewater in the lower branch of the Legislature in the years 1846 and '47. He was elected selectman in 1855, and has served in that capacity and as assessor, overseer of the poor, member of the board of health, etc., for thirty-two years continuously, requesting to be re- lieved in 1887. He has been one of the justices of the peace for the county of Plymouth since 1867. He took an active interest in sustaining the government in the late war, by procur- ing enlistments, filling quotas, and caring for the soldiers and their families. He also served as United States enrolling officer during the rebellion. He has been probation officer for Bridgewater from the first creation of that office to the present time ; has been a member of the board of trustees of the Bridgewater Savings Bank from its incorporation, and its vice-presi- dent for several years. In 1883 he was elected president of that institution to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Hon. Lloyd Parsons, which office he now holds. He has been connected with the Plymouth County Agricultural Society since 1846, having served as trustee and vice-president a large portion of the time. Mr. Leonard is an attendant of the New Jerusalem church ; has always been a firm supporter of the Republican party, and is one who to a marked degree enjoys the confidence and esteem of his fellow-towns- men. LEWIS, Charles Dudley, son of \\'illiam ("rustavus and Mary Ann (Dudley) Lewis, was born in Roxbury, Norfolk county, September 26, 1844. He was educated in the public schools of Ro.xbury and Framingham, and Dummer Academy, South Byfield. In 1 86 1 he entered mercantile life with the firm of A. S. & W. G. Lewis ; three years later was taken into the firm as part- ner, and held the position until 1SS5, when he retired. He was elected treasurer of the Demo- cratic state committee in 1884, and still holds the position, .\lthough a resident of Framingham, a considerable ]iortion of his time is employed in the management of a farm of eight hundred acres which he owns in Sherborn. He was one of the organizers of the South Framingham National Bank, and a charter member ; also of the Farmers and Mechanics Savings Bank of the same town, of which he is a trustee. In 18S8 he was elected a member of the national Democratic committee. Mr. Lewis has traveled quite extensively, and has spent some years in Brazil and the West Indies. Lewis Wharf, Boston, was named for his grandfather, Thomas Lewis, who was a well-known Boston merchant sixty years ago. Mr. Lewis's maternal grandfather was David Dudley, an old and highly respected resident of Roxbury, who died in 1841. Mr. Lewis was married in Framingham, on the 3d of April, 1872, to Emily Johonnot, daughter of James Wilson and Catharine Monroe (March) Clark. Of this union there were seven children : James Wilson Clark, William Gustavus 2d, Katharine Le Baron, Frances Wilson, Margaret Dudley, Charles Dudley, Jr., and Edmund Sanford Lewis. LEWIS. LILLEV. 375 LEWIS, John JaI', was born July 6, 1840, in Montpelier, Washington county, Vt. He is seventh in descent from George Lewis, who landed at Plymouth 1630. His father, a well-to-do farmer, was Orlando F. Lewis, of iNIontpelier, and his mother, Cecilia B. (Nash) I.ewis. came of an old English family that settled in Rehoboth in 1700. His early training was receivetl in the district school of his native town. He fitted for an academic course in the Orleans Liberal Institute, at Glover, Vt,, and in 1858 entered the Barre (Vt.) Acad- emy, from which he graduated in June, 1859. The following August he entered Tufts College, from which he graduated as valedictorian, July 8, 1863, and the en- suing September became ]irincipal of the Green Mountain Liberal Listitute, at South Woodstock, \t., remaining there two years. The succeeding year found him financial agent for the Goddard Seminary, Barre, Vt. He preached his first sermon in Lyceum Hall before the old Fourth Universalist society of South Boston, in 1866. Imme- diately afterwards he received two calls to settle as pastor — one from the above so- ciety, and one from the Universalist society of Williston, Vt. The latter was accepted. .After serving one year he came to Boston, and preached again at South Boston, in JiUy, 1867. This resulted in a second call froin the old Fourth society, and he be- came its pastor in December of that year, Rev. A. A. Miner preaching the ordina- tion sermon. The society had been organ- ized in 1830 as the Fourth Universalist society. It subsequently changed its name to the Broadway Universalist society, and was one of the most influential of the city, when it dedicated its new church edifice two years after xVIr. Lewis took charge. He was married at North Montpelier, Vt., November 23, 1863, to Abbie tioocl- win, an only daughter of Colonel Nathan- iel and Irene (Rich) Davis, of North Mont- pelier, the ancestors of both being of Ox- ford, Mass. The fruits of this union were two children : Leo R., born February 11, 1865, and Orlando F., born September 5, 1873- The elder of these, a graduate of the Boston high and Latin schools, also of Tufts College, subsequently spent two years at Harvard, where he took both the degree of A. B. and A. M. — the latter with the highest honors — and has done some notable work in musical composition. He edited, and in large part wrote the music of a Sunday-school service book. " The Redeemer," of which Rev. Mr. Lewis is the author ; and also the musi- cal work of a half-score of cantatas and operettas for which his mother did the literary work. Young Lewis is at present continuing his musical studies in Munich, Germany. Mrs. Lewis is a popular writer for chil- dren and youth, her work appearing in " Youth's Companion," " Ladies' Home Journal," "Wide Awake," the youths' de- partment of the American Press Associa- tion, and other publications of that class. Mr. Lewis confines his labors to the community wherein he resides. He has been honorably conspicuous in eft'ecting many local reforms which have resulted in purifying and beautifying that portion of the city he has benefited by his faithful work. LILLEY, Charles Sumner, son of Charles and Cynthia (Huntley) Lilley, was born in Lowell, Middlesex county, Decem- ber 73, 1851. CHARLES S. LILLEY. He attended the public schools of his native city, and w'as prepared for college under private tutors, but owing to ill health was obliged to forego the pursuit of his collegiate course. Early in life he learned the business of carpet designing, and was with the Lowell 376 LILLY. LILLY. Manufacturing ComiDany for some years. Subsequently he studied law in the 'office of Hon. A. P. Bonney, and in 1877 was admitted to the bar. Mr. Lilley is connected with the Masonic order, being a member of Kilwinning Lodge. He was chairman of the board of aldermen, Lowell, in 1879 ; member of the state Senate in 1880, and re-elected in 1881, serving in the two years on the committees on the judiciary, probate and chancery, bills in the third reading (chairman), and on the joint special committee on the re- vision of the statutes. He was a member of the executive coun- cil of Governor Robinson in 1884; was again a member of the Senate in 1886, serving on the committees on the judiciary, rules (chairman), street railways, the joint special committee on re-districting the State, and the joint special committee on the revision of the judicial system of the Commonwealth. He was appointed special justice of tlie police court of Lowell, and resigned the position when elected to the Senate in 1S86. Mr. Lilley was nominated for congres- sional honors in 1882 and '84, but being the Democratic nominee in a strongly Republican district, he, of course, suffered defeat. It is to be regretted that the ar- rangement of political districts and the inherited discipline of party lines should debar the State from the intelligent and valuable service of such men as INIr. Lilley. He has evinced, in positions of responsi- bility, an unswerving loyalty to pure and honorable political methods, has displayed a clear comprehension of the true functions of government ; and by his own brave and manly career, has illustrated anew the dig- nity and worth of conscientious and honor- able citizenship, Mr. Lilley is unmarried, and his resi- dence is Lowell. LILLY, Alfred Theodore, son of Al- fred and Jerusha (Swift) Lilly, was born at Mansfield, Tolland county. Conn., .Vpril IS, iSi3- He attended the district scliool of his native town both summer and winter ses- sions, until the age of twelve, and from twelve to seventeen, in the winter onlv. Upon leaving school he worked for his father until the age of twenty-one, in learn- ing the manufacture of screw-augers and auger-bits, .-\fter attaining his majority, he continued with his father for one year as journeyman. At that time, his father failing in business, he started in the same line on his own account at Mansfield, with- out any capital. But his health failing him, after seventeen years of close application, he became superintendent of the Ri.xford cV- Butler Silk Manufacturing Company at Mansfield Centre. With this compan\' he remained one year. His next business en- terprise was to settle in Providence, R. L, as a retail grocer, which business he con- tinued for two years. In the spring of 1853 he removed from Providence to Florence Village, North- ampton, taking .sole charge of the Nono- tuck Silk Company, manufacturers of sew- ing silk and machine twist — Hill & Hinck- ALFRED T LILLY ley, proprietors. In 1858 this firm was in- corporated as the Nonotuck Silk Comiiany, of which Mr. Lilly became a stockholder, and in 1865 acting treasurer. This office he held until January i, 1887, when he re- tired from business, owing to a second fail- ure of health. In the state of Connecticut all able- bodied men were formerly required to do military duty from the age of eighteen to forty-five. Alfred T. Lilly was early ap- pointed on the colonel's staff as quarter- master sergeant, and subsequently became drum-major. He is an honorarv life mem- ber of Wm. L. Baker Post 86, G. A. R., to whose treasury he has been a generous LINCOLN. LINCOLN. 377 contributor, presenting it on Decoration Day, in i8S6, with a tliousand dollars. For over fifteen years he has been a member of tlie Northampton pubhc Hbrary committee. He was one of the founders of the Florence Savings Bank, antl upon its organization was chosen ])resident, which office he still holds. When the Florence Furniture C'ompany was organ- ized, he was chosen a director and presi- dent, and still holds these positions. He is also a stockholder and director in the Northampton Emery Wheel Company In 1886 he presented Smith College with a building for scientific purposes, at a cost of thirty-three thousand dollars, which is known as the Lilly Hall of Science. He also, in November, 1888, presented the I.illv Library .Association of Florence with the sum of twelve thousand dollars to erect a building for a free library and reading room. hi religion he has been agnostic throughout his whole life — was one of the early founders of the Free Congrega- tional society of Florence, which is unsec- tarian. He is one of the executive com- mittee, and for many years has been treasurer, and aided in erecting a building known as Cosmian Hall, which cost forty thousand dollars. -Mr. Lilly was married at Hebron, Conn., in 1S38, to Luc}- M., daughter of Isaac and Constantia (Young) Crane, of that town, who died November 2, 1SS6. LINCOLN, Frederic Walker, son of Louis and Mary (Knight) Lincoln, was born in Boston, February 27, 1S17. He was a grandson of Amos Lincoln — a mem- ber of the " tea-party " and captain of an artillery company during the revolution- ary war — who married a daughter of the distinguished patriot, Paul Revere. He received an education in the public and private schools of his time. At an early age he began life's struggle by serv- ing an apprenticeship with Gedney King, maker of nautical instruments, and when twenty-two years of age, began- the manu- facture of these for himself, remaining in the business from 1839 to '82, when he re- tired to become general manager of the Boston Storage Warehouse, a position he .still holds He served in the state Legislature 1847- '48 and in 1872 and '74 ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1853 ; in i854-'56 he was president of the Nlassa- chusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, and in 1880 again became a member of its government as treasurer. In 1868 he was appointed on the state board of harbor commissioners, serving for several years as chairman. He was chairman of the IJoston board of overseers of the ]ioor for eleven years, and in April, 1878, became treasurer .Mr. Lincoln was one of the original board of directors of the C'ontinental Bank, a trustee of the Institute of Tech- nology, vice-president of the Boston Safe Deposit Company, treasurer of the Young Men's Benevolent Society for more than forty years, vice-president and president of the Franklin Savings Bank, president of the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society, and a member and officer of other similar organizations. He was a member of the Boston Light Infantry, and ranks now upon its roll of veterans ; became director of the Bunker Hill Monument Association in 1854, and for the past ten years has been one of its vice-presidents, and is at the present time president. He has been for thirty-five years treasurer of the Second church in Boston. FREDERIC W. LINCOLN. .\fter having served for three years as mayor of the city of Boston, i858-"6o, Mr. Lincoln was once more recalled from private life to accept again the mayoralty, which he held four years, i863-'66 — not- able chapters in the history of Boston, covering, if possible, a more e.xciting pe- 0/ 78 LINCOLN. LISTEMANN. riod than that which ushered in the war of the rebeUion, embraced by his previous service. It was in the latter period that Mr. Lincoln more than ever displayed the qualities of a sturdy executive, and, by the prompt use of military force, crushed out an incipient rebellion, in the form of draft riots in Boston. For this and other official and private services connected with the civil war, he was complimented with mem- bership in the Massachusetts Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United .States. As chairman of the committee, he deliv- ered the presentation address at the unveil- ing of the first out-door statue set up in Bos- ton — that of Benjamin Franklin in front of city hall. Interested in all public measures, he has ever been prominent in any move- ment that helped engrave, not only in mon- umental marble, but on the hearts and minds of the rising generation, the patri- otic deeds and noble sacrifices of the founders of the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts. The honorary degree of master of arts has been conferred on him by Harvard Uni- versity, and also by Dartmouth College. The Lincoln school, South Boston, dedi- cated September 17, 1859, during his may- oralty, was named for him. In May, 1S48, Mr. Lincoln married Emeline, a daughter of the Hon. Jacob Hall. She died the following year, leaving a daughter, Harriet A., now the wife of George A. Coolidge. On June 20, 1854, he married Emily C., a daughter of Noah Lincoln. Their children are : Frederick W., Jr., of the firm of Kidder, Peabodv & Co., of Boston, Mary K., and Louis Revere Lincoln. LINCOLN, LEONTINE, son of Jona- than Thayer and Abby (Luscomb) Lin- coln, was born in Fall River, Bristol county, December 26, 1S46. He is a descendant of Thomas Lincoln, who settled in Taun- ton in 1652. His early educational training was ob- tained in the public schools of his native city, and a private school. Providence, R. I. At the age of nineteen he began busi- ness life in the counting-room of Kilburn, Lincoln & Co., Fall River, manufacturers of cotton and silk machinery — a corpora- tion of which his father, J. T. Lincoln, was president, the position being held later on by his brother, H. C. Lincoln. In 1872 Mr. Lincoln became treasurer of the com- pany, succeeding E. C. Kilburn, who re- tired from the concern. The company is one of the largest makers of cotton and silk looms. Mr. Lincoln still holds the treasurership of the company. Mr. Lincoln was married in Fall River, May 12, 1868, to Amelia S., daughter of John Duncan, D. D., and Mary A. (Ma- cowan) Duncan. Of this union are two children : Jonathan Thayer and Leontine Lincoln, Jr. Mr. Lincoln is president and director of the Second National Bank ; president of the Seaconnet Mills ; a director in the Tecumseh Mills, the King Philip Mills, the Barnard Manufacturing Company, the Crystal Spring Bleaching & Dyeing Company, and a member of the board of investment of the Fall River Five Cents Savings Bank. He has been a member of the board of trustees of the public library for twelve years, and secretary and treasurer of the board eleven years ; a member of the Fall River school board ten years, and its chair- man 1888 and '89. He is also a member and the secretary of the board of trustees of the B. M. C. Durfee high school. Mr. Lincoln has written frequent articles for the press on "Home Travel," "Read- ing," and on various industrial and politi- cal questions. He has always been inter- ested in educational matters, and in 1889 received the honorary degree of A. M. from Brown Universit)'. He is a repre- sentative man, not only of the manufact- uring interests but of the better social element of Fall River. LISTEMANN, Bernhard Friedrich WILHELM, eighth child of Friedrich Wil- helm and Henrietta Listemann, was born in Schlotheim, Germany, August 28, 1841. He began the study of the violin when about six years old. In Sondershausen he completed his school studies, being at the same time a pupil of the concert-master L^hlrich. Later on he had as teachers suc- cessively — Ferdinand David in Leipzig, Joseph Joachim in Hanover, and Henry Vieu.xtemps in Frankfort. For a number of years he held the posi- tion as kammer-virtuos of the prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt — frequently ap- pearing as soloist during this time in lead- ing cities of Cierman}'. In 1867 he came to America, making extended concert trips in connection with Leopold de Meier, Os- car Pfeiffer, Gazzaniga, Alide Topp, and others. In 1870 he was married to Sophie, eldest daughter of Louis and Pauline Lungers- hausen, in Schlotheim. From 187 1 to '74 he was concert-meister and soloist of the Theodore Thomas Or- LITCIIFIELIJ. LITTLE. 379 chestra in New York. Shortly after, he organized the Boston Philharmonic Club, and traveled over almost the whole conti- nent of America. In 1879 he settled in Boston, organized and conducted the Bos- ton Philharmonic Orchestra, and was for one season the musical director of the Philharmonic Society. From 1881 to '85 he was concert-meisterof the Boston Sym- phonic Orchestra. At present he teaches e.xtensively. Five children have been born to him. LITCHFIELD, GEORGE ALLEN, son of Richard and Xoa (Clapp) Litchfield, was born in Scituate, Plymouth count}-, August 21, 1838. His early education was obtained at the common schools of his native town, and at the academy in Hanover. He entered Brown University, Providence, R. I., but did not fully complete his college course. GEORGE A. LITCHFIELD. He studied for the ministry, and in 1861 was settled as pastor over the Baptist church, Winchendon, Mass., where he re- mained five years. Ill health caused him to relintjuish this field of labor, and he subsequently became interested in the insurance business, and for some years has been very successfully engaged in the conduct of a large life insurance agency for western Massachusetts. In 1874 he purchased a half interest in the long established lirm o( Brigham, Whit- man & Co., tack and nail manufacturers at South .\bington, the firm becoming Brig- ham, Litchfield & Vining. Here he re- mained until the fall of 1879, when he be- came interested in the establishment of the Massachusetts Benefit Association, the leading company in New England engaged in the mutual assessment insurance busi- ness. Organized in 1879, it has enjoyed a continuous era of prosperity, evincing skill- ful and prudent management. It has now a membership of some eighteen thousand, and has an outstanding insurance of about $60,000,000, written upon its books. Since commencing business, October 13, 1879, only fifty-five mortuary calls had been made to September i, 1889. From these death and disability losses have been paid amounting to over $3,000,000, and a cash surplus accumulated amounting to over $360,000. It has kept all its pledges, and met its obligations in a highly creditable and hon- orable manner. No small share of this phenomenal success is due to the untirmg energy and intelligent supervision of Mr. Litchfield, one of the few gentlemen of its present board of managers who participa- ted in its original organization. Mr. Litchfield was married in South Abington, November 21, 1861, to Sarah M., daughter of Davis and Eliza (Blanch- ard) Gurney. Their children are : Cannie Zetta, Everett Starr and Frederick Ells- worth. His residence is in Wollaston, a part of the city of Quincy. LITTLE, Samuel, son of Isaac and Sally (Lincoln) Little, was born in Hing- ham, Plymouth county, August 15, 1827. His father was born in Pembroke, in 1796, and died in Hingham, in 1864. His mother was born in Hingham, in 1792, and died there in 1861. Her father, Seth, a mem- ber of one of the oldest families (the Lin- colns) in the town of Hingham, was born in 1 75 1 and died in 1839, the line of de- scent running back to Seth, Samuel, Sam- uel, Samuel to Samuel, who came from Hingham, England, to Hingham, Mass., in 1637- Mr. Little received his educational train- ing in the Derby .Academy, Hingham. On leaving the academy he obtained a position as cashier and book-keeper in the dry-goods house of Daniell . and Lydia (Uyer) Loveli, was born in Weymouth, Norfolk county, July 10, 1844, and received his early education in the common schools of his native town. At an early stage of the war of the rebel- lion, while only eighteen years of age, he prevailed upon his father, a staunch Union patriot, to permit him to shoulder a musket, and he enlisted in company A, 42d regi- ment, Massachusetts volunteers. His com- panions in arms are pleased to bear witness to his many superior traits of character as a man and soldier. He was brave and generous, and as popular then as now. In 1870 he became a member of Rey- nolds Post 58, G. A. R., and was elected its senior vice-commander for the years 1871, '72. '73, '74 and '75: was elected commander in 1876 and has been chosen each year since, the present making his fourteenth term, a record as satisfactory as it is honorable. He was junior vice dcfiartment commander in 1880, and senior vice department commander in 1881, but declined the nomination for department commander in 18S2. Mr. Loveli has received many positions of honor and trust from his fellow-citizens. He was aide-de-camp to General John C. Robinson, commander-in-chief of the na- tional encampment, G. .\. R., 1877 and '78 ; delegate to the national encampment 1886 ; also member of the council of ad- ministration in 1887 ; member of the staff of (lovernor John D. Long in 1881 and '82 ; delegate to the national Republican conventions of 1880, '84 and '88. He was chosen chairman of the Republican town committee in 1881, which position he still holds ; was elected a representative to the General Court, 1877-78, serving on the committee on mercantile affairs ; a mem- ber of the -state Senate in 1883, being appointed to the committee on harbors and public land.s, military affairs, and Hoosac Tunnel and Troy & Greenfield Railroad. In 1885, when the soldiers' e.xemption bill was being agitated, he resolved to enter the field once more for the purpose of giving his voice and vote in favor of that measure, and was returned to the Legislature for 1886, serving on the rail- road and re-districtmg committees. Mr. Loveli is a prominent figure in busi- ness, politics, and G. A. R. affairs, and devoted to the welfare of all who wore the ^!^m ■ BENJAMIN S. LOVELL. blue. At present he is the treasurer of the extensive and well-known firm of John P. Loveli Arms Company, importers and dealers in fire-arms, hunting and fishing tackle, baseball goods, etc., Boston. Mr. Loveli was married at Weymouth, November 13, 1867, to M. Anna, daughter of Jonathan and Mercy Holmes. Of this miion are two children : Lydia Charlotte and Helen Isabel Loveli. ?86 LOVELL. LOVE RING. LOVELL, CLARENCE P., son u( Cor- nelius and Sarah L. (Parker) Lovell, was born in Boston, June 21, 1848. He obtained his early educational train- ing in the primary, grammar and high schools of his native city. He entered business life with Alfred C. Hervey and Henry C. Brooks, Boston, 1866, slii|3ping and grain merchant and wharfinger of Commercial Wharf. Subse- quently he was engaged with Cornelius Lovell, his father, ship broker and ship owner. This was in 1868 ; in 1870 he was taken into partnership, and holds the same relation at the present time. Mr. Lovell was married in Boston, Sep- tember 28, 1870, to Mary F., daughter of Samuel L. and Angeline (Colby) Fowle. Of this union were five children : KateF>., Clarence N., Mabel, Charles I,.; and How- ard Burtt Lovell. Mr. Lovell was six years director of the Merchants' Exchange ; member of Boston common council, t88o, '81 and '82 ; director of East Boston ferries, i88t, '82 and '83. He is now vice-president of the National Ship Owners' Association ; president of the Jeffries Winter Club, director of the Boston chamber of commerce. He was a member of the popular branch of the .Legislature. 1888 and '89, serving u|ion the committees on finance and expendi- tures. He has Deen past master work- man of Central Lodge, L'nited Order of Workmen, and a member of the Roval Arcanum. His residence is East Boston. LOVERING, HENRY BACON, son of John G. and j\lary A. (Martin) Lovering, was born in Portsmouth, Rockingham county, N. H., April 8, 1841. His early education was obtained in the public schools. He left school at the age of fourteen to learn the trade of shoe- maker, afterwards manufacturing ladies' boots and shoes. He remained in this business until the breaking f)ut of the civil war. He enlisted and was made color-corporal of company D, 8th Massachusetts volun- teers, serving in 1862 and '63. During 1864 and '65 he was private and company clerk in company C, 3d regiment, Massa- chusetts cavalry. At the battle of Win- chester, Va., September 19, 1864, he re- ceived a gun-shot wound in the left leg, rendering amputation necessarv. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives, 1 87 2 and '74 ; a member of the board of assessors of Lj'nn, 1879 and '80 ; mavor of Lynn, 1881 and '82 ; was elected to Congress from his representative district, 1882, and having served his term, was re-elected in 1884. He was chairman of the Democratic state convention in 1 886, and was nominated for governor of .Nhissachusetts by the Democratic party in 1887. He was president of the 3d Massa- chusetts Cavalry Association, 1888 and '89. He was appointed United States marshal for the district of Massachusetts by Presi- ileiit Cleveland, April 10, 1888. He is president of the Bond Furniture Improve- ment Company of Washington, D. C. ; has been member of the board of trustees of College of Phj'sicians and Surgeons, Bos- ton : a prominent Knight of Pvthias, and sir knight president of Mutual Lodge, K. O. S. C, No. 99, Lynn. Mr. Lovering was married in T-ynn, De- cember 25, 1865, to Abby J., daughter of Harrison and Eliza J. (Brown) Clifford. ()f this union were five children : Emma J., John H., Mary V., Harry C, and Annie C. I.overing (the last two deceased). LOVERING, JOSEPH, .son of Robert and Elizabeth (Simonds) Lovering, was born in Charlestown, Middlesex county, December 25, 18:3. His early education was received in a private school, under the tuition of a female LOWELL. LUWLLL. 387 teacher. In the Chaiiestown public schools he prepared for college ; entered Harvaril and was graduated in the class of 1S33. He then studied two years in the divinity school connected with the same universit\-. He was instructor and tutor in Harvard from 1835 to '38, and HoUis professor of mathematics and natural philosophy from 1838 to '88. He was regent from 1853 to '69. He is now HoUis professor emeritus, residing still in Cambridge. Professor Lovering was married in lios- ton, February 5, 1844, to Sarah Gray, daughter of Prince and Sarah (Gray) Hawes. Of this union were four children: James Walker (Harvard), Cora, Eva (now Mrs. Matthew Carey Lea, Philadelphia), and Ernest Lovering (Harvard). Professor Lovering has been president of the Anierican Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1880 ; is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and was permanent secretary from 1854 to '72, and president in 1873 ; member of the National Academy of Science, California Academy of Science, American Philosophical Society of Phil- adelphia, and of the Buffalo Historical Society. LOWELL, James Russell, son of Rev. Charles Lowell, I). 1)., and Harriet, daughter of Robert 'P. Spence of Ports- mouth, N. H., was born in Elmwood, Plymouth county, February 22, 181 9. Perhaps no family in the Commonwealth has attained greater distinction in both the republic of letters and beneficent public service. The first American ancestor was Percjval Lowell, who came from Bristol, Eng,, settling in Newbury, Mass., in 1639. The great grandfather of the poet was Rev. John Lowell, minister of Newbury- port, numbered by historians among the special notabilities of the American pulpit. His grandfather, Hon. John Lowell (Chief Justice of the court of appeals, and United States district judge) was a poet of ability, but is chiefly remembered for philanthro|)ic action as a member of the convention which framed the constitution of Massachusetts, as he introduced the clause which effected the abolition of slavery in the State. John Lowell, LL. D., uncle of James Russell, was a noted writer on politics, theology, economics, agriculture, etc. To Francis Cabot Lowell, brother of John Lowell, is to be attributed the intro- duction of the cotton manufacture into the United States, at Waltham, and the fouml- ing of the city of Lowell, which was named for him. To his son, John Lowell, Jr., is due the gratitude of a Common- wealth for his founding of the Lowell In- stitute in Boston, where he was born. May II, 1799. Robert Traill Spence Lowell, brother of the poet, is remembered as hav- ing, with other members of the family, achieved literary celebrity ; but to none of them has come such versatile and vigorous jjower as to the poet himself — power loyally used for the good of his country, as well as universal man. James Russell Lowell was graduated from Harvard College in the class of 1838. He read law in the law department of Harvard University, was admitted to the bar in 1840, and opened an office in Bos- ton. But love of letters was stronger than ambition for legal rewards. He soon left the profession he had chosen, for the oppor- tunity and leisure of indulging his tastes in realms more congenial. JAMES RUbbtLL LLIWtLL His first collection of poems, " A Year's Life " (1841) was severely criticised, though the genius slumbering was noticed by Judge Story, who wrote kindly of it at the lime. In January, 1843, he with a co-part- ner issued " The Pioneer, A Literary and Critical Magazine," Boston This was not a financial success. The years following were spent in giving to the world his inimitable prose sketches. 388 LOWELL.. L V.MAN. his poems that one after another took the literarv world by storm, his contributions to the leading magazines of the world, his editions of the poems of Keats, Words- worth, Shelley and Marvell, in the " British Poets " series, and in his e.xtensive foreign travels. The works of the "poet laureate" are too well known to require scheduled cita- tion. His name is too familiar, and his public record too thoroughly engrafted into the national life to need other than a brief mention. In 1844 Mr. Lowell was married to Maria, daughter of .\bijah and Anna Maria (Howard) White. Her death, at Cambridge, elicited one of Longfellow's most e.xquisite compositions — "Two Angels." In 1857 he was married to his second wife, Frances Dunlap, niece of E.x-Governor Dunlap of Portland, Maine. She died in England, February, 1885. Of the four children by the first marriage, only one survives; Mabel (wife of Edward Burnett). In 1 87 7 Mr. Lowell was appointed by President Hayes to represent the national government at the court of Spain, from which in 1880 he was transferred to the court of St. James. His administration of the delicate and responsible duties of his high mission in London was characterized by tact, marked ability, and was a most pronounced diplomatic and social success. During his residence in England he was chosen rector of the university of St. Andrew's. LOWELL, John, son of John Amory and Susan Cabot (Lowell) Lowell, was born in Boston, October 18, 1824. His mother was the daughter of Francis C. Lowell, who was prominent among those who introduced the cotton manufacture into the United States, and for whom the city of Lowell was named. His great grandfather. Judge John Lowell, was the first judge of the district court for the Massachusetts district, appointed by Presi- dent Cieorge Washington, September 26, 1789. In 1 80 1 he was promoted by Presi- dent John Adams to be Chief Judge of the circuit court as then existing for the first circuit. He was a member of the convention which formed the constitution of Massachusetts in 1780, and procured the insertion and adoption of the first article of the bill of rights, for the pur- pose, as he declared, of preventing slavery from being thereafter possible in the State. His son, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was an eminent lawyer, who e.xercised a powerful influ- ence in moulding public opinion in .Massa- chusetts. Judge Lowell was fitted for college in the private school of D. G. Ingraham, in Boston, entered Harvard College in 1839, and was graduated in the class of 1843, delivering an English oration. He was admitted to the bar in 1846, and practiced until 1865, when, upon the resignation of Judge Sprague, he was ap]5ointed judge of the district court of the Massachusetts dis- trict by President Lincoln, this being the last judicial appointment made by him. He was appointed judge of the circuit court for the first circuit by President Hayes, December 16, 1878, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge Shepley. Judge Lowell was married in 1853 to Lucy B., daughter of George B. Emerson, LL. D., and Olivia (Buckminster) Emerson. Judge Lowell is in the truest sense a jurist. Learned and versatile in all the departments of the law, in the department relating to bankruptcy he is the most dis- tinguished judge in the United States. His decisions are regarded as the leading authority in the country, and his rank in the field of commercial law in its general application is scarcely less high. LYMAN, Edward E., the son of Hor- ace and Elvira (Hubbard) Lyman, of Sun- derland, was born at Sunderland, Franklin county, December 13, 1834. His paternal ancestors came over from England in 1630. Mr. Lyman received his early educa- tion in the public schools of Sunderland, and afterwards in Shelburne Falls Academy and Williston Seminary, Easthampton. He acted as clerk in the office of the sec- retary of the Commonwealth for one year, after which he became principal of an academy in St. Clair, Michigan. He then studied law with Davis tV Allen in Greenfield, and was admitted to the bar in 1861. In 1866 he was elected clerk of courts for Franklin county, which position he still holds. He was a member of the school committee of Cireenfield from 1874 to 1885. He was married in 187 1 to Martha L., daughter of William W. and Lucy (Bartram) Branch, of Madi.son, Ohio, by whom he has four children : EclNvard Branch, Ethel, Henry William, and Helen Lyman. LYMAN, ROBERT WORTHINGTON, son of .\hira and Theresa Lyman, was born at Park Hill, Northampton, Hampshire county, March 27, 1850. He received a common and high school education in the schools of Northampton MACCABE. MACCABE. 389 and Easthampton. November 20, 1867, lie entered the Massachusetts Agricultural College at Amherst, from which institution he was graduated B. S., July 19, 1871. During the latter part of his senior year, and a portion of the year following, he was engaged with a party of engineers in locat- ing the line of the Massachusetts Central ROBERT W LYMAN R. R., and also did some land surveying and city engineering until August, 1872. The four years following, until 1876, his occupation was varied, divided between sur- veying, civil-engineering, teaching, clerking and working on a farm. In 1876 Mr. Lyman began the study of law in the office of Bond Bros. & Bottum, of Northampton, and continued as a law student there until admitted to the Hamp- shire county bar, June 27, 1878. While pursuing his law studies he taught in the evening schools, and engaged in engineer- ing, surveying, and farm work — any hon- orable labor by which he could raise funds with which to pursue his studies. In 1878 he entered the Boston University law school, and was graduated June 4, 1879, LL. B. He has since practiced law in lielchertown. May 31, 1882, he received from Governor Long a commission as special justice of the district court of Hampshire, which office he still holds. In 1882 he was appointed lecturer on rural law in the Massachusetts Agricultural College. Mr. Lyman was married in ISelchertown, June 8, 1S82, to a daughter of Capt. Ros- well Allen, late of Belchertown, and has one child ; Paul B. Lyman. Mr. Lyman has served his town in vari- ous offices, as census enumerator in 1S80 and '85 ; chairman of the Republican town committee for several years ; chairman of the board of trustees of the Calvin Bridg- man school and library fund, etc. He is a prominent Free Mason. His church connections are with the Congrega- tional church and society of Belchertown. Aside from the payment of his tuition while in college, Mr. Lyman has never re- ceived any pecuniary assistance in the way of pursuing the studies that have fitted him for his life work, but has depended upon his own earnings. He is a represen- tative self-made man. MACCABE, JOSEPH B., son of James I), and Hannah (Jackson) Maccabe, was born in Manchester, Hillsborough county, N. H., November 19, 1857. He received his educational training in the Boston schools. When eighteen years of age he edited the " National Baseball Gazette," and was also a constant contribu- tor to other papers. In 1880 he purchased the " F.ast Boston Argus." In June, 1886, he purchased the "East Boston Advo- cate," and on the 19th of that month is- sued the " Argus-Advocate." This is the largest weeklv newspaper in New luigland. Mr. Maccabe was married October 17, 18S0, to Emma C, daughter of J. Albert and Mary Boynton (Lister) Plummer, whose grandparents were among the early settlers of Boston, but, being royalists, fled during the revolution to St. John. They have one child: Beatrice Plummer Maccabe. Mr. Maccabe was the first commander of the Massachusetts division of Sons of Vet- erans ; president of the Noddle Island Antiquarian Association ; first vice-presi- dent of the National Editorial .Association of the United States ; secretary of the Republican Club ; vice-president of the 390 .MACK. -MACKIXTOSH. Jeffries Winter Club ; vice-president of the Red Men's Social Club ; a member of the executive committee of the Young Men's Republican Club (1880); secretary of the Republican ward and city committee ; a member of the lioard of examiners for the JOSEPH B MACCABE. state agricultural college ; vice-president of the New England Press Association ; and is one of the three honorary members of the Independent Boston Fusileers (Vet- erans). In 1888 he represented ward i in the Boston city government ; was alternate to the national Republican convention, Chicago, that nominated lienjamin Harri- son for president. His father served in the Union armv dur- ing the war of the rebellion, while his mother served her country as a nurse at the front, during the same struggle for the Union. MACK, ALVIN E., son of Rbenezer and .Sophronia (Hardint;;) .Mack, was born at Lyme, New London county, Conn., .Vpnl His educational training was obtained in the public schools of his native town, and at the Essex Seminary, Essex, Conn. He was for a time engaged in school- teaching in Connecticut, afterwards enter- ing the insurance business, and removing to Lawrence, engaged in the insurance and real estate business and the care of estates. November 14, 187 1, at Lawrence, Mr. Mack was married to Emma F. Durrell, a teacher in the public schools of Lawrence. Mr. Mack is a member of the Tuscan Lodge, F. & A. M., and of the Royal .•\r- canum. In December, 1887, he was elected mayor of the city of Lawrence and re- elected in 1888. He has never sought political office, and it was only at the earnest solicitation of the leading business men of Lawrence that he consented to allow his name to be presented as a candi- date for mayor. His administration has been marked by the same careful, consci- entious work that has ever characterized his business career, and his almost unani- mous re-election is proof positive that the citizens of Lawrence are fully satisfied with him as their chief executive. Many reforms have been instituted during his administra- tion, all of which have resulted in great benefit to the city. As a business man, he enjoys the confidence of the community, and has won the respect and esteem of the best men of both political parties. MACKINTOSH, JameS, son of Ebene- zer W. and Hannah P. Mackintosh, was born in Needham, Norfolk county, .\pril 9, 1838. 4^ JAMES MACKINTOSH. He was educated in the common schools of the town, attending the usual time al- lowed to farm bovs of those davs. MALLALIKU. MALLALIKU. 391 He began farming- and market-garden- ing in a small way, by purchasing eleven acres of cheap land, for which he paid six hundred dollars. He improved the land, adtled thereto from time to time, until his farm now embraces two hundred acres and several houses, and the annual value of the crops is six thousand dollars a year. He is a successful Massachusetts farmer. .Mr. Mackintosh has been four times called to serve as selectman of the town ; has represented the 9th Norfolk district in the House of Representatives for three years (1876, '77 and '81), and in 1877 was chairman of the committee on agriculture. .Mr. Mackintosh was married in Boston, .■\ugust 23, 1868, to Lizzie H., daughter of John B. and Rachel \V. Hall. Of this union are two children : Herbert B. and Wendell P. Mackintosh. Mrs. Mackintosh died October i, 1885. He married for his sec- ond wife, at Newton, October ii, 1888, Mary E., daughter of lidward and Phebe O. Wales. MALLALIEU, WiLLARD FRANCIS, son of John and I,ydia (Emerson) Mallalieu, was born in Sutton, Worcester county, De- cember II, 1828. When a year old his parents removed to the neighboring town of Millbury, where they died at an ad- vanced age. After a preparatory course of study at East Greenwich, R. I., and at Wesleyan Academy, ^\'ilbraham, he entered Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., from which he was graduated in the class of His first and only contribution to politi- cal life was in his junior year in college, when he stumped the state of Connecticut for " Fremont and Jessie," in the famous campaign of that year. In 1858 he joined the New England conference, Methodist F^piscopal church, and was subsequently stationed (i858-'y) at (Jrafton ; (i86o-'i) Bellingham Street, Chelsea; (i862-'3) Common Street, Lynn; (1864) Union Church, Charlestown; (1865- '7) Bromfield Street, Boston ; (i868-'7o) Walnut Street, Chelsea; (1871) Trinity Church, "Worcester; (i872-'4) Broadway, iSoston ; {1875) Walnut Street, Chelsea; (i876-'8) Bromfield Street, Boston; and (i879-'8i) Walnut Street, Chelsea. In April, 1882, he was appointed presiding elder of the Boston district, which position he held until elected to the episcopacy. In 1867 he was elected president of Central Tennessee College, Nashville, which he declined ; in 1868 he was a mem- ber of the New England Historic Genealog- ical Society ; in 1874 he received the degree of H. 1). from liast Tennessee Wesleyan University, now Grant Memorial University ; in 1875 he traveled in Europe; he was a delegate to the general confer- ence, Methodist Episcopal church, in 1872, '80 and '84. In the last election he re- ceived the highest number of votes ever cast for a delegate by the members of the conference. At the general conference of 1884, May 15, he was elected to the bish- opric. His discharge of the duties of this e.xalted position has demonstrated the wis- dom of the church in his selection. He is not only one of the most popular, but one of the most influential, members of the WILLARD F. MALLALIEU. board of bishops. His Episcopal residence was fi.xed in 1884 and again in 1888, by his own choice, at New Orleans, La., and the work of his church in the South has found in him a faithful interpreter and a powerful leader. On October 13, 185S, at Santhvich, he married Eliza F" ranees, daughter of (ieorge and Paulina (Freeman) Atkins. Of this union were two children : Willard FLmer- son, born .\ugust 8, 1863, and Ellen Brom- field Mallalieu, born September 11, 1865, who died March 17, 1874. On his father's side Bishop Mallalieu came of exiled Huguenot stock, who first 39- MANX. MANSFIELI). fled from France to Holland and thence to England, and on his mother's side, throuuh the Emersons and Davenports, descended from Richard Davenport, who came to Salem in 1638. His wife is descended from Edmund Freeman, who came from England in 1630, first settled in Lynn, and then led the company that settled the town of Sandwich. Inheriting intellectual vigor and fine moral qualities from Puritan and Hugue- not ancestors, he sought the best gifts of culture, and uniting consecration and energy with eloquence and enthusiasm, he has become a recognized power for good in every community he has served. He is not only effective in the pulpit and on the platform, but is a frequent and welcome contributor to the periodicals of the church of his choice. MANN, Thomas Henry, son of Levi and Lydia L. (Ware) Mann, was born in Wrentham, Norfolk county, April 8, 1843. The district school and the high school of 'W'alpole fitted him for college, but as he was upon the point of entering, the civil war broke out, and he went from the farm to the front, with the old militia company of Wrentham, attached to the 1 8th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, March 1, 1863. He was promoted to the rank of corporal, and served with the company and regiment in every march and engagement till Ma)' 5, 1864, when he was taken prisoner in the battle of the Wil- derness, after having participated in the battles of Yorktown, Williamsburg, Hano- ver Court House, the Seven Days' Battle in front of Richmond, the Second Bull Run, Antietam, Sharpsburg, Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and the Wilderness. He was twice severely wound- ed, but not disabled. He was held a pris- oner from May, 1864, to March, 1865, and discharged from service May 7, 1865. In the fall of that year he entered the medical department of Union College, and graduated three years later, afterwards taking a post-graduate course of one year at the Bellevue Medical College, New York City. For two years he was resident physician in charge of the Albany City Dispensary, and he commenced private practice in Willimantic, Conn., in 1871. Two years later he moved to Block Island, where he remained the only physician on the island for four years. In the fall of 1876, com- pletely restored in health by his life on the island, he removed to Woonsocket, R. I., where he practiced successfully for ten years. He w-as a member of the Homeopathic Medical Societ}' of Rhode Island, a member of the New York and Connecticut Homoeopathic Medical socie- ties, and of the American Institute of Homoeopathy. His health failing again, however, he was obliged to relinquish practice, and became manager of the " Woonsocket Patriot " and the Patriot Printing Compan\'. I'wo years later he moved to Milford, and established the "Milford Daily News," with W. D. Leahy as partner. In March, 1869, Dr. Mann married Julia Backus of Ashford, Conn. Their children are : Mary Isadore, Josephine Caroline, Henry Levi, and Philip James Mann. Dr. Mann is an active veteran of the C. A. R., and historian of the 18th regi- ment, Massachusetts volunteers. MANSFIELD, JOSEPH Henry, son of Erlonzo L. and Melinda (Simons) Mans- field, was born in Whitehall, Washington county, N. Y., November 25, 1837. The common district schools of those days gave him his early educational train- ing, and having during the winter months learned somewhat of the higher English branches and some Latin, he left home and fitted for college at the Troy Confer- ence Academy, Vermont. With a small loan from a friend to sup- plement what he could earn by teaching in vacations and a portion of the winter seasons, he was enabled to enter Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., and was graduated in the class of 1S65. He joined the New England conference in 1866, after having preached one year at Chicopee Falls, and was returned to the same church for another year. In the spring of 1867 he was stationed at North- ampton, remaining two years. Subse- quently his appointments were Springfield (i869-'7i), Leominster (i872-'73), Lowell ( I S74-'7 6), Boston, Monument Square (1877- '79), Boston, P5roadway (i88o-'82), i\lalden (i883-'85), and in 1886, at the close of his pastorate at Maiden, Bishop Henry W. Warren appointed him presiding elder of the Lynn district, in the New England conference, which position he still holds, having his residence at Maiden. Mr. Mansfield was elected delegate to the general conference in New York, May, 1888. He has also served as clerk of the Methodist Ministers' Relief Association since its organization in 1878. He was given the de.gree of D. D. by the Baker University, Baldwin City, Kansas, June, 1 886. The same degree was also conferred MARBLE. MARBLE. 393 the same year by the New Orleans Uni- versity. The Wesleyan University gave him the degree of master of arts. In 1888 he with a company of clergymen visited Europe and the Orient in an ex- tended tour. .Mr Manslield was married in Poultney, \'t., September 6, 1865, to Pamelia S., daughter of Eli B. and Sarah (Hyde) Murray. Of this union were five children: Mabel S. (deceased), Frederick Joseph Hallett, George Whitney, Eliza Chamber- lain, and Grace Murray Mansfield. MARBLE, Albert Prescott, .son of John and Emeline (Prescott) Marble, was horn in Vassalborough, Kennebec county. Me., May 21, 1836. His early education was that received in the common schools of the town, supple- mented by his father's instruction, and at- tendance at the academies at Vassalbor- ough, China, Waterville and Yarmouth. He was graduated from Waterville College (now Colby University) in the class of 1 86 1, from which he received the degree of Ph. D. in 1881. After his graduation he sought the edu- cational field for his life work, and has held the following honorable positions as an educator : professor of mathematics, Wayland Academy, Beaver Dam, AVis. ; principal of Boynton High School, East- port, Me. ; of Berkshire F'amily School, Stockbridge, Mass., and of Worcester -Vcademy, Worcester. He has held the position of superintendent of schools, Wor- cester, from 1868 to the present time. Mr. Marble was married in Waterville, Me., to Louise Wells, daughter of Joseph and Cynthia (Wedge) Marston. Of this union are two children ; Margaret and Katharine Marble. He has been president of Worcester County Teachers' Association, of the Massachusetts Teachers' Association, of the National Educational .\ssociation, 1888 and '89, and of the Department of Superin- tendence, 1 88 1 ; trustee of the \\'orcester Academy; and one of the board of visitors tu Wellesley College. Mr. Marble is a veteran in the educa- tional field, a man always found in the ad- vance guard of the progressive forces ; and he is not chary of tongue or pen when the live educational issues of the hour need intelligent e.xposition. MARBLE, Jerome, son of John P. and Ruth A. (Rider) Marble, was born in Charlton, Worcester county, September 10, 1824. His early education was received in the public schools, Dudley and Leicester acad- emies. He began the grocery business in 1849, in Charlton, after clerking two years in a paint and oil store in Boston. He contin- ued in Charlton until 1853. He then went to Worcester and entered the wholesale and retail drug, oil, dye-stuff and chemical business with C. .\. Harrington, under the firm name of C. A. Harrington &: Co., un- til 1863. He then bought Mr. Harrington's interest, changing the firm name to Jerome Marble & Co., in which business he is still engaged. He is also interested in the Worcester Excursion Car Company, of which he is president. Mr. Marble was married in Charlton, on March 30, 1849, to Susan E., daughter of W. B. and Susan B. (Boomer) Blanchard. They have two children : Nella and L. Olive Marble. His second marriage, Au- gust 22, 1882, was with Mrs.Abbie PL Clough, daughter of John and Abigail Redding. Mr. Marble was a member of the board of aldermen, 1866. He was elected direct- or of the Quinsigamond Bank, 1886, which position he still holds. He was the origi- nator of the excursion-car business as a specialty, and designed the first car built. In connection with the Worcester store, he has a branch store in the city of Boston. MARBLE, John Oliver, son of John and Emeline (Prescott) Marble, was born in Vassalborough, Kennebec county. Me., April 26, 1839. His foundation educational training was secured in the district schools of his native town, Vassalborough Academy and Oak Grove Seminary. He fitted for college at Waterville Academy, and was graduated from Waterville College (now Colby L'ni- versity) in the class of 1863. He received his A. M. from the same institution, 1S66. During the years 1864 to '66 he was clerk in the war department, Washington, D. C, then in the treasurv department till 1869. He studied medicine, and attended lectures at the medical department of Georgetown University in Wasliington,i864 to '68, where he was graduated M. D. In i869-'7o, L)r. Marble took a post-graduate course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. In March, 1870, he began the practice of medicine in Worcester, where he has since resided in the possession of an ever- growing and lucrative practice. Dr. Alarble was married in Worcester, .April 8, 1873, to Helen M., daughter of 394 MARCH. MARCY. Ethan and Sarah E. (Murray) Allen. ()i this union are three children : Allen, Pres- cott, and Murray Marble. Dr. Marble has been physician to Wor- cester City Hospital from 1871 to the present time. He is one of the board of directors of the free public library of Wor- cester, elected in 1886 for six years. He has been surgeon to the Worcester Con- tinentals since 1886. He was the originator of the Massachu- setts Cremation Society, and has written extensively upon the subject of the dis- posal of the dead. His paper on this sub- ject was read before the Massachusetts Medical Society, at its annual meeting in Boston, in 1885, and awakened much in- terest in the subject. His pamphlet en- titled "Cremation in its Sanitary Aspects," published by the Worcester Cremation Society, has been extensively circulated, and has drawn the attention of the press of the country. Dr. Marble has made a study of health resorts, and has long advocated a change of climate as a valuable reniedv in manv chronic diseases. In 1880 he visited the various countries of Europe with this sub- ject in view. In 1887 he went to Bermuda on the same mission, and in 1888 he visited the Bahamas, and has written at length, describing their advantages to invalids. MARCH, Daniel, son of Samuel and Zoa (Park) March, was born in Mill- bury, Worcester county, July 21, 1816. His preparatory studies were pursued in Millbury Academy. He was graduated from Yale College in the class of 1840. Choosing to follow a call to the ministry, he passed the usual course in Yale theo- logical seminary, and v^^as ordained pastor of the First church, Nashua, N. H., 1849. He was subsequently called to the Clinton Street Presbyterian church, Philadelphia, where he remained until 1876, when he accepted the pastorate of the First church, Woburn, where he is now settled. Mr. March was married in Proctorsville, Vermont, October 8, 1841, to Jane P., daughter of Abel and Anna (Parker) Gil- son. Of this union are three children : Daniel March, Jr., M. D., Winchester ; Rev. Frederick W. March, missionary in the East, and Charles A. March, bureau of pensions, Washington, D. C. Mr. March has made three journeys through the Bible lands — Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Turkey and Greece ; has made three tours of the Continent, visiting every ca])ital of Europe except Lisbon ; traveled in Cevlon, India. Burmah, Siam, China and Japan, visiting the chief cities, spending three years abroad. He is a scholarly writer, and his works have been translated into the German, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian tongues, more than 450,000 copies having been sold. Among his works are : " Night Scenes in the Bible," "From Dark to Dawn," "Home Life in the Bible," "Our Father's House," " Days of the Son of Man," and " 'i'he First Khedive " MARCY, Henry Orlando, .son of Smith and Fanny (Gibbs) Marcy, was born in Otis, Berkshire county, June 23, 1837. His ancestry was of Puritan stock — paternal (Marcy-Lawton); maternal (Gibbs-Morton) — dating back to the early settlers of New England. His grandfather, Thomas Marcy, was one of the first settlers in northern Ohio. His maternal great grandfather Israel, and grandfather, Elijah Gibbs, served in the revolutionary war, and were with General (lates at the surrender of Burgoyne. His father, who served in the war of 181 2, was a teacher by pro- fession. Dr. Marcy received his preliminary and classical education at Wilbraham Academy and Amherst College, and was graduated from the medical department of Harvard University, 1863. He was commissioned assistant-surgeon of the 43d Massachusetts volunteers, in April, 1863, and in the fol- lowing November, surgeon of the first regiment of colored troops recruited in North Carolina. He was appointed med- ical director of Florida in 1864, and served on the staff of Clenerals Van Wyck, Pot- ter, and Hatch. In the autumn of 1863, Dr. Marcy was married to Sarah E. Wendell of Great Falls, N. H. At the close of the war he located in Cambridge, Mass. In the spring of 1869 he went to Europe for the purpose of study, and entered the University of Berlin, where he remained a year as a special student of Professors Virchow and Martin. He then visited the various capitals of Europe, and studied the hospitals and their service, spending quite a period in London and Edinburgh. He became convinced of the truth of Prof. I-ister's teachings, and re- turned to America, to adopt, among the first, the now famous, but then (in this country') unknown methods of aseptic and antiseptic surgery. For the purpose of devoting himself more especially to the surgical diseases of women. Dr. Marcy removed to Boston in 1880, and opened in Cambridge a private MARCY. MARIJEN. 395 liDspital for women, which is still in suc- cessful operation. He participated ac- tively in the seventh international Med- ical Congress held in London in 1881, was a contributor to the eighth, held in Copen- hagen in 1884, and president of the Gynae- cological section of the ninth congress held in Washington in 18S7. He has contributed largely to surgical literature, and is an active worker in the American Medical Association, to the vice- HENRY O. MARCY presidency of which he was elected in 1S79. In 1882 he was president of the section of obstetrics and gynaecology, and for some years a member of the judicial council of the association. He is a mem- ber of various medical and scientific or- ganizations in both Europe and America, and was president of the American Acad- emy of Medicine in 1884. In 1886 Dr. Marcy publisheil, in two volumes, the translation of the works of I'rof. Ercolani of Bologna, Italy, upoii the " Reproduction Processes," besides which he has published his own special studies of the uterine mucosa during pregnancy. 1 1 is best known publications are : " Plastic Splints in Surgery," "Aspiration of the Knee Joint," " Histological Studies of the Development of the Os.seous Callous in Man and .Animals," " Cure of Hernia by ihe .\ntiseptic I'se of the .\nimal .Suture," "The Best Methods of Operative Wound Treatment," " The Histology and Surgical Treatment of Uterine 'I'umors," " The Comparative Value of Germicides," " The Relations of Micro-Organisms to Sanitary Science," "Medical Legislation," " 'I'he Climate of the Southern Appalachians," " The Surgical Advantages of the Buried .\nimal Suture," " Exploratory Laparoto- my," "General Treatise on Hernia," and " The Perinaeum, its Anatomy, Physiol- ogy and Methods of Restoration after In- jury." The Wesleyan LTniversity conferred, in 1887, the honorary degree of LL. D. upon Dr. Marcy, in recognition of his skill and literary merit. MARDEN, George Augustus, son of I'enjamin and Betsey (Pjuss) Marden, was born in Mt. Vernon, Hillsborough county, N. H., .\ugust 9, 1839. His father was a mechanic, and the son was taught his father's trade, that of shoe- maker, at an early age; and such time as was not spent in school, until he was sixteen, was occupied with work at the bench and in farming. He fitted for college meanwhile, attending Appleton Academy, which had been established in ills native town in 1851 (now known as McCollom Institute). During his college course (Dartmouth, 1S61) he paid his way mainly by his own exertions in working at his trade and teaching school. In November, 1861, he enlisted as a [jrivate in company G, 2d regiment, Ber- dan's United States sharpshooters; and on the organization of the company, Decem- ber 12, 1861, when he was mustered into the United States service, received a war- rant as second sergeant. In April, 1862, he was transferred to the ist regiment of LTnited States sharpshooters, and was witli that regiment during the Peninsular cam- paign under McClellan from Yorktown to Harrison's Landing. On the loth of July, the same year, he was commissioned by the governor of New Hampshire ist lieuten- ant and regimental quartermaster, in which capacity he served with the regiment until the ist of January, 1863, when he was ordered on staff duty as acting assistant adjutant-general of the 3d brigade, 3d division, 3d corps. He served in this capacity until August, 1863, taking part meantime in the battles of Chancellors- ville, Gettysburg and Wapping Heights. He was then ordered to Riker's Island, New York harbor, on detached service, but was soon returned to his regiment 396 MARDEN. MARSHALL. at his own request, and served until he was mustered out in September, 1S64. Returning to New Hampshire in the spring of 1865. he entered the hiw office of Minot & Mugridge at Concord, N. H., where he pursued his legal studies, and was also emplo\"ed as a writer on the Concord " Daily Monitor." In November of the same year he went to Charleston, Kanawha county, AV. Va., and purchased the '' Ka- nawha Republican," a weekly newspaper, which he edited until the spring of 1866 ; but iinding that success in the enterprise depended upon " swinging around the circle " with President Andrew Johnson, a task which was impossible to him, he dis- posed of the paper, and returned to New Hampshire. He was then employed by Adjutant -General Natt Head, of New Hampshire, to compile, arrange, and edit a history of each of the New Hampshire military organizations during the war, which histories form a large part of the adjutant- general's report for 1866. On January i, 1867, he was offered a position as an assist- ant editor of the Boston "Advertiser," which he accepted and held until the first of the following .September, when he, with his classmate Rowell, purchased the Lowell "Daily Courier" and Lowell " AA'eekly Journal " at Lowell, where both still remain, editing and publishing those papers. Mr. Marden was elected a member of the House of Representatives for 1873. I" 1874 he was elected clerk of the House, and was re-elected every year until 1883, when he was again a member of the House, and was elected its speaker, and was re-elected to the same position in 1S84. In 1885 he served as a member of the Senate for the 7th Middlesex sena- torial district. He was one of the four Grant delegates from Massachusetts to the national Republican convention at Chi- cago, in 1880, being a colleague of Ex- Secretary Boutwell of the 7th congres- sional district. On the state ticket, in 1888, he was elected treasurer and re- ceiver-general of the Commonwealth. He read the poem before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Dartmouth College at commencement in 1878, and a poem be- fore the alumni of the same college at commencement m 1S86 ; and has read poems on various occasions before mili- tary, press, and other associations. Mr. Marden was the first commander of Post 42, G. A. R., Lowell, and is a mem- Lier of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Massachusetts Commanderv. At Dartmouth commencement, 1SS9, he was elected president of the Dartmouth .\lumni Association. On the loth of December, 1867, at Nashua, N. H., Mr. Marden was married to Mary P., daughter of David and Har- riet (Nourse) Fiske, of that city. They have two children : Philip Sanford, born January 12, 1874, and Robert Fiske, born June 14, 1876. They now live at Lowell. MARSHALL, JAMES FOWLE BALD- WIN, son of Thomas and Sophia (Kendal) .Marshall, and grandson of Captain Chris- topher Marshall of the revolutionary army, was born in Boston, August 8, 1818. He was educated at the public schools in Charlestown and Derby Academv, Hing- ham. He entered Harvard in 1834, but was soon compelled by w-eakness of the eyes to leave college. After three years' service as clerk in a dry-goods house, his eyes still troubling him, by advice of his physician he sailed in 1838 for the Hawaiian Islands, where he was a partner successively in the houses of Marshall & Johnson, C. Brewer & Co. and S. H. Williams &: Co. In 1843 an English naval officer, l^ord George Paulet, having made forcible seiz- ure of the Islands, and for the time sub- verted the sovereigntv of Kins' Kame- MARTIN. MARTIN. 397 hanielia III., Mr. Marshall was, at the age of twenty-four, selected as the King's rep- resentative to present his case at the court of St. James. In 185 1 he retired from mercantile business to give his attention to sugar planting on the island of Kauai. He served four years as a member of the Hawaiian Parliament, taking an active ]iart in giving form to the liberal constitu- tion granted to his people by Kamehameha 111., and doing good service as chairman (if the committee on education, (ieneral Samuel C. Armstrong, then a youth, was a Sunday-school scholar of Mr. Marshall in 1 lonolulu. In 1858 he returned to Massachusetts, settling in \\'estborough. On the breaking out of the rebellion, he labored earnestly to raise and equip troops, and went several times to the front to look after the West- borough contingent. In 1862 he repre- sented his town in the lower house of the " \\'ar Legislature." Governor Andrew appointed him in Jan- uary, 1864, one of the state paymasters. Ill May, 1864, obtaining leave of absence, he with his wife entered the service of the Sanitary Commission, following General Grant's army through the Wilderness to City Point. In the following autumn Mr. Marshall re-organized the paymaster's bureau, and as paymaster-general became a member of the governor's staff, with the rank of brigadier-general. He held the position until the close of 1866. As president of the Hawaiian Club, Mr. Marshall introduced to the public of Bos- ton General Samuel C. Armstrong, when he was seeking to establish the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. In 1S70 he became treasurer of that institu- tion and removed to Hampton. Increas- ing trouble w'ith his eyes led him to resign the post in 1884. He returned to Massa- chusetts, making his home at Kendal (ireen in Weston, and taking charge of the Southern and Indian educational work of the American Unitarian .Association. Mr. Marshall married, October 4, 184S, Martha A. T., daughter of John and Eliza ( Rand) Johnson, of CharlestOwn, and with his bride sailed on the ship " L'eland " for Honolulu, a wedding trip of five months' length. MARTIN, Augustus Pearl, son of I'earl and Betsey Verrill (Rollins) Martin, was born in Abbot, Piscataquis county, Me., November 23, 1835. He received his educational training in the public schools of Boston, Wesleyan Academv, Wilbraham, and in [irivate schools in Melrose. Upon entering business life he was first a clerk in the office of Thompson is: War- ner, and subsequently clerk for Fay &: Stone, boots and shoes, Boston, until the breaking out of the war, in 1861. After the war he returned and was made a partner with Fay & Stone ; was admitted partner in 1868 in the house of Francis Dane & Co.; dissolved with Dane & Co. in 1871, and formed a co-partnership as A. P. Martin & Co., in May, 1871. In December of the same year, the firm changed to Martin & Skinner, and in 1876 to Martin, Skinner tS; Fay, and this in 18S1 was changed again to A. P. Mar- tin & Co. — the present firm name. He manufactures boots and shoes, with factory at Hudson, and ofifice in Boston. General Martin was married, in Boston, February 3, 1859, by the Rev. A. A. Miner, to Abbie Farmer, daughter of Jonathan and Elizabeth Barry (Leavitt) Peirce. Of this union are four children : Flora E. (now Mrs. John Shepard, Jr.), Franklin Pearl, Charles Augustus and Everett Fay Martin. General Martin was lieutenant of the Boston light artillery 1858 to '60 ; ser- geant during the three months' campaign in 1861 ; was commissioned ist lieutenant, 3d Massachusetts battery, Massachusetts volunteers, September 5, 1861, and captain in November of same year. He was chief of artillery, Morell's division, 1862, and assigned to duty by General Meade as commander of the artillery brigade, 5th corps, army of the Potomac, in May, 1863 ; commissioned brevet-colonel at the close of the war, for gallant and meritorious .services. He was commander of the An- cient and Honorable Artillery Company in 1878 ; commander of the Mas.sachu- setts Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion, U. S., 1879 and '80 ; chief marshal at the dedication of the monu- ment on Boston Common, September 17, 1S77 ; chief marshal at the celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Boston, September 17, 1880 ; senior aid on the staff of Governor John D. Long, with the rank of brigadier- general, 1882, and mayor of Boston, 1884. He is a director in Howard National Bank ; vice-president Home Savings Bank; he was president of the New England Shoe and Leather Association, five years ; has been president of the Beacon Society, Tapley Machine Company, New England Mutual Aid Society, Central Club ; he is president of the Showalter Mortgage Com- 39« MARVEL. MASON. pany, New England Phonograph Com- pany ; a member of the governing com- mittee of the Boston Athletic Association, and was a director of the Metropolitan Horse Railroad. He was one of the three who issued the notice requesting a com- pany of gentlemen to meet at the Hotel Vendome to organize what is now the Algonquin Club, and acted as chairman of all the ]3reliminary meetings until the or- ganization was completed. MARVEL, JOHN C, son of William Marvel, 2d, and Betsey (Pitts) Marvel, was born in Westport, Bristol county, July 31, I S 1 7 . His early education was limited to the common school. He entered commercial life in the gro- cery business with his father in 1840, the firm name being William Marvel, 2d, cS: Son. In 1862 John C. assumed the business, and in 1869 took in his son as partner — firm name being John C. Marvel & Son. He again became sole owner in 187 1, and has conducted the business alone to the present time. He now divides his time between the store and farm. Mr. Marvel was first married in Reho- both, February 20, 1842, to Ruth W., daughter of Sylvanus and Charlotte (Wright) Peck. After the death of his first wife, he married her sister, Frances A. Peck, December 2, 1849. They have five children : William H., Ruth A., John F., May W., and Bessie W. Marvel. Mr. Marvel has been postmaster at Re- hoboth from 1843 to the present time; treasurer of the Congregational society ten years ; town treasurer ten years ; mem- ber of the school board ; and a representa- tive to the General Court in 1859. MASON, Albert, son of Albert T. and Arlina(Orcutt) Mason, was born in Middle- borough, Plvmouth county, November 7, 1836. He was educated in the common schools and in Pierce Academy, Middleborough. He then studied law with Edward L. Sher- man, Plymouth, and was admitted to the bar in February, i860. He commenced practice in Plymouth. In August, 1862, he entered the United States service in the 38th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, as 2d lieutenant, and contin- ued in the service till 1865. Early in his military service he was detailed for staff duty, serving as regimental and brigade quartermaster, and was subsequently com- missioned captain and assistant quarter- master by the president. November, 1865, he resumed practice in Plymouth, and was chairman of the board of selectn^en from 1866 to '74; was a member of the House of Representatives, 1873 and '74; and in January, 1874, he took an office in Boston with Charles H. Drew, still retaining his office in Plym- outh. In May, 1874, he formed a part- nership with Arthur Lord. Benjamin R. Curtis was afterward admitted to this firm, with offices in Plymouth and Boston. In July, 1874, Mr. Mason removed from Plymouth to Brookline, where he now re- sides ; December, 1874, was appointed on the board of harbor commissioners, and con- tinued on the boards succeeding this with various changes of title, till appointed jus- tice of the superior court in February, 1882, which office he has acceptably filled to the present time. Judge Mason was married in Plymouth, November 25, 185 7, to Lydia F., daugh- ter of Nathan and Experience (Finney) Whiting. Of this union are si.x children : John W., Mary A., Alice, Charles N., Martha, and Grace W. Mason. MASON, Samuel William, son of Rev. Samuel and Abigail Sawyer (Whitcomb) Mason, was born in Proctorsville, (Caven- dish) ^Vindsor county, Vt., October 11, 1824. He attended the district schools in Ver- mont and New Hampshire ; was fitted for college in Kingston, N. H. ; entered Dart- mouth College in 1845, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1849. From his ahiia mater he received the degree of A. M. in 1854, and that of Ph. D. in 1881. Immediately after leaving college, Mr. Mason went to Connecticut, and engaged in teaching in Rockville, but soon came to Boston with the intention of applying him- self to the study of law. While reading law in the office of Lyman Mason, he was appointed usher in Otis school, Boston, and subsequently transferred to the Endi- cott school. In 1850 he was appointed sub-master in the Eliot school, and master of the same school in 1885. This position he held until the establishment of the board of supervisors, and was then (March, 1876) elected a member of the board of super- visors of the Boston public schools, which office he still holds. He has done much to mould ■ public school methods in their evolution, and has ever been a tower of defence to the system. Dr. Mason has been secretary of the American Institute of Instruction, and president and secretary of the New Eng- land .Superintendents' Association. He MAY NARK. MAVNARl). 399 resides in Chelsea, and has been a member of the Chelsea common council two years, 1S62 and '63, and two years, 1864 and '65, a member of the board of aldermen. His church relations are with the First Congregational church, Chelsea, of which he has lieen clerk, and also superintendent ,of the Sabbath-school. ■^%:. # SAMUEL W, MASON. Dr. Mason was married in Brooklyn, \. v., July 28, 1853, to Ann \V., daughter of Col. Ashbel and Lucinda (Tenney) Smitli, of Hanover, N. H. Of this union were three c-hildren : Flora A., Esther P., and Mary C. Mason. MAYNARD, Elisha BurR, .son of A\'alter and Hannah (lUirr) Maynard, was born in Wilbraham, Hampden county, November 2 i. 1842. He attended the schools of his native town until 1856, when he went to Spring- field, where he graduated from the high school, studying classics under Hon. M. P. Knowlton. He entered Dartmouth College in 1863, spent the junior year at Amherst, and was graduated from Dartmouth in 1S67. .\fter leaving college he studied law at Springfield in the office of Cleorge M. Stearns and Marcus P. Knowlton, and was admitted to the bar in 1868. A year later he opened a law office in Springfield, form- ing a partnership with Hon. William L. Smith, then mayor, in 1870, under the firm name of Smith & Maynard. This part- nership only lasted for three years, but Mr. Maynard has continued the practice of law in Springfield to the present time — for the past five years under the firm name of Maynard &• Spellman. On the 25th of August, 1870, Mr. May- nard was married to Kate C, daughter of Calvin and Sarah (Townshend) Doty of Springfield, Pa. Mrs. Maynard died April 4, 1889, leaving as children : Robert D., Ruth, and William Doty Maynard. In 1872 and "73 Mr. Maynard was a member of the common council of Spring- field, in 1879 he was representative to the General Court, and for two years, 1887 and '88, he was mayor of Springfield. He is a trustee of the Springfield Hospital ELISHA B, MAYNARD. and of the Springfield Industrial and Technological school. In politics he is a I )emocrat. MAYNARD, LORENZO, son of Amory and Mary (Priest) Maynard, was born at Marlborough, Middlesex county, on the 22d of June, 1829. The common school and high school of Marlborough furnishetl him his means of obtaining an education. When seventeen years of age he moved with his parents to 400 MCCALL. Mcdonough. what is now known as Maynaril. tlie place having been named for his father, in 1871. At that time there were not half a dozen dwellings in sight, and his first duty was to clear the brush from the present site of the extensive mills. The present popula- tion of three thousand, and the mills em- ploying a thousand hamls, together with the general appearance of the place, speak for them.selves of the energy, skill and temper of the man through whose care they have become what they are. On the 2d of October, 1S50, at Sudbury, Mr. Maynard was married to Lucy .\.. daughter of Peter and Lucy (Patch) I>a- vid.son, of Sterling. Of their five children (one son and four daughters) only the son, William Henrv, survives. Notwithstanding the demands of his extensive business, Mr. Maynard has at different times held the office of selectman, assessor and town treasurer of Maynard, and for many years has been deacon of the Congregational church and superintendent of the Sunday-school. .\\cC.-\l.L, S.A.MLEL Walker, son of Henry and .XLiry Ann (KUiott) McCall, was born in East Providence, Pa,, Feb- ruary ;S, 1S51. His family on both sides have been identified with Pennsylvania from its earliest historv. Having fitted for college at New Hamp- ton (N. H.) .Academy, he entered 1 )artmouth College in 1870, and was graduated in the class of 1874. He then studied law with Staples \- tuHiIding of Worcester, and was admitted to the Worcester county bar. and began the practice of law in Boston, Januarv, 1876, in which profession he has since re- mained. The only time he has not de- voted himself to law practice was between May I, iS88, and January i, 1SS9, when he officiated as editor of the " Hoston Ad- vertiser." Mr. McCall was married in Lyndonville, Vt., May 23, 1881, to Ella Esther, daughter of Sumner S. and Harriet (Wilev) Thomp- son. Of this union are four children : Sum- ner Thompson, Ruth, Henrv, and Catherine McCall. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives 1 888 and '89, the latter year serving as chairman of the judiciary com- mittee. He was a delegate from the 6tii district to the national Reiiublican conven- tion at Chicago in 1888, where he seconded the nomination of General Gresham to the presidency. His residence is Winchester. MCDONOUGH, JOHN H,, son of Michael and Margaret (Hanlon) McDon- ough, was born in Portland, Cumberlanil county, Maine, March 29, 1857. His education was limited to the public schools of his native city. When thirteen years of age he began to learn the tailor- ing and clothing business, at which trade he worked until May, 1872, when he decided to learn the watch-making and jewelry busi- ness. He followed this trade fourteen years, eight in Portland, two at Auburndale watch- factory, and four years with the E. Howard \\'atch Company, Roxbury. .\fter several years spent in Boston, ^fr. McDonough left this industry, and choosing the pro- fession of law, began his preparatory stutlies .uid legal reading in the office of Hon. Charles J. Noyes. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives in 1886, '87, '88 and "89, serving on the important committees on water sup- ply, election laws, and railroads. Four con- secutive years of service in the Massachu- setts Legislature by a young man while yet a law student, before his admission to the bar, is an unusual and highlv honorable record. Mr. ifcDonough himself may well be proud of a constituency that will exhibit such continued evidence of confidence in his efforts to serve them. His skill in debate, his oratorical powers, and his quick percep- MCKTTRICK. MCFAKLIN. 401 tion, backed b)' a manly courage, made liini one of the acknowledi^ed Democratic leaders of the po])ular branch of the Legis- lature. Mr. .McDonough is unmarried, and resides in Boston. McETTRlCK, Michael Joseph, .son of Matthew and Mary (McDonough) McEttrick, was born in Ro.vbury, Norfolk county, June 22, 1846. His father was a well-known and re- spected citizen of Roxbury, and his mother was the daughter of one of the earliest Irish settlers of that locality. .Mr. .McKttrick diligently made use of the fine educational advantages afforded by the \\'ashington grammar school, gradu- MICHAEL J. McETTRlCK. ating at eleven years of age at the head of the class, of which he was the youngest member. He was graduated from the l\o.\bury Latin school, with honor. He innnediately entered the office of Charles Whitney, the city engineer of Ro.xbury, and has ever since been connected more or less with that line of study and work. He early developed a taste for athletics, and by the time he had reached his majority he had won a national reputation for wonderful powers of strength and endurance, and a record for wrestling. jumping and long-distance pedestrian matches, which for many years remained unbr(;ken. He was, in fact, the pioneer in this State of the pedestrian feats that have since become national in their charac- ter. He W(jn the championshij) of America in idward Webster, son of Daniel Webster, and served in the army until 1 S4S, when he returned to Boston and again entered the newspaper business. Mr. M'Glenen was married in Boston, November 29, 1849, to Caroline M., daugh- ter of Cyrus and Matilda (Gushing) Bruce. Of this union are two children : Edward W. and Harry J. M'Glenen. In 1850 he reported for the " Boston Herald," and subsequently went to tlie " Daily Mail." A year or two later he was given charge of the " Times " job office, where he formed the acquaintance of a num- ber of railroad men and theatrical people. While foreman of the job office he took charge of Dan Rice's circus in Boston, and several other enterprises, in all of which he was very successful For two years he managed the business of the Marsh chil- dren at the Howard Athena2um, after which he was connected with several com- panies. When Wyzeman Marshall had leases of the Howard, and Boston Theatre, Mr. M'Glenen looked after his interests, and for the two years which Henry C. jarrett managed the Boston Theatre he M GLENEN. MCINTIRE. 403 ijave much of his time and services in be- half of that gentleman. In 11S66 he rehn- quished printing entirely, and took charge of the concert toiu' of I'arepa Rosa, the great cantatrice. The following year he took the Mendelssohn Quintette Club on an extended tour West, and in the spring of 1868 the Hanlons secured his services as manager for their season at Selvvyn's Theatre, and he was retained in the same capacity the three following yeais by Messrs. Selwyn and Arthur ("heney. In 1871 he became business agent of the Boston Theatre, in which position he still remains, and is not only held in the highest esteem by the proprietor and the local patrons of the theatre, but is one of the best known theatrical men in the country, possessing the confidence and re- spect of all with whom he is brought into business relations. Not only is he a repre- sentative of play-house interests, but he is ^ ^^v HENRY A M GLENEN. identified with many matters of public af- fair — ready and foremost to assist in any movement in which the public-spirited are called to lend a hand. He is president of the " Massachusetts Volunteers in Me.vico ;" vice-president of the National Association of Me.xican Vet- erans, and member of the Press and Athletic clubs. MclNTlRE, Charles John, son of Ebenezer and Amelia Augustine (Landais) Mclntire, was born in ('ambridge, Middle- sex county, March 26, 1842. His ancestors on both sides were peo- ple of patriotic instincts, and among them were men noted for legal knowledge and literary attainments. His father's ancestors moved from Salem to Oxford (now Charl- 0^ f%^ Y1 CHARLES J, MclNTlRE, ton), \\'orcester county, in 1733, and were among the first town officers. His mother is a lineal descendant in the fifth genera- tion of the Hon. John Read, a distinguished lawyer and citizen of Boston in colonial days. Her father was a French exile and United States artillery officer, whose uncle, Colonel Tousard, served with Lafayette in the American revolution. She was born in Fort Moultrie, S. C, while her father was in command. His etlucation was obtained in the pub- lic schools of Cambridge, including the high school. This was supplementetl by in-- struction by private tutors, and attendance upon the Chapman Hall school of Boston, and the Harvard law school at Cambridge. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1865, after finishing his legal studies in the office of Ex-Mayor Dana of Charlestown. This course of study was not without in- terruption. He enlisted as a private in the 404 MCKENZIE. MCMILLIN. 44th Massachusetts regiment, with which he served in the war of the rebelhon, until it was mustered out of service. In recogni- tion of the esteem in which he was held as a soldier, his comrades, in 1883, elected him president of the 44th Regiment Association. Mr. Mclntire began the practice of law in Boston, in 1865, and has since continued there in legal practice, having his residence in Cambridge. He is now city solicitor of Cambridge, to which position he was elected in 1SS6. He was married in Charlestown in 1865, to Marie Terese, daughter of George B. and Julia A. (Mead) Linegan. Of this union were five children : Mary Amelia ^Cornell University), Henrietta Elizabeth (Harvard Annex), Charles Ebenezer, Fred- erick, and Blanche Eugenie Mclntire. Mr. Mclntire was a member of the Cam- bridge common council, 1866 and '67 ; House of Representatives, 1S69 and '70 ; Cambridge board of aldermen, 1877 ; was for three years member of the school board, and three years assistant district attorney for Middlesex county. In 1883 he was the " people's candidate " for mayor of Cam- bridge. Mckenzie, Alexander, son of Daniel and Phebe McKenzie, was born in New Bedford, Bristol county, December 14, 1830. Passing through the public schools of New Bedford, he fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, w-as gradu- ated at Harvard College, 1859 ; entered Andover Theological Seminary in 1859, graduating therefrom in 1861 ; was or- dained in Augusta, Me., August 28, 1861, and installed as pastor of the South church of that city, where he remained till Jan- uary, 1867. He was installed pastor of the First church, Cambridge, January 24, 1867, where he still labors. Previous to his entering Harvard, he was engaged a short time as clerk in a store in New Bedford, also four years with Lawrence, Stone & Co., manufacturers and commission merchants. Milk Street, Boston. Mr. McKenzie was married Januarv 25, 1865, in Fitchburg, to Ellen H., daughter of John Henry and Martha Holman Eveleth. Of this union are two children : Kenneth and Margaret McKenzie. He received the degree of D. D. from Am- herst College, 1879. Of the various offices he has held, the following are the more prominent ; trustee of Bowdoin Col- lege, i866-'68 ; member of Cambridge school committee, iS68-'74 ; overseer of Harvard College, i872-'84; secretary of overseers of Harvard College, 1875 ; trus- tee of Phillips Academy, Andover, 1876 ; trustee of Cambridge Hospital, 1876 ; president Congregational Club, Boston, 18S0 ; member of Massachusetts Historical Society, 1881 ; lecturer at Andover The- ological Seminary, iSSi-'82 ; lecturer at Harvard divinity school, 1882 ; trustee of Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va., 1883 ; trustee of Wellesley College, 1883 ; preach- er to Harvard College, 1886 ; president of Boston Port & Seamen's Aid Society, 1886. Mr. McKenzie is a preacher and a lecturer of national reputation. The list of his publications is long and varied. Among his books the most extensively read are, perhaps : " History of the First Church in Cambridge," " Cambridge Ser- mons," " Some Things Abroad." A few of his pamphlets are : " Addresses at the Dedication of the Soldiers' Monument in Cambridge" (1S70); "Oration at the Centennial of Phillips Academy" (1878) ; " Sermon before the Legislature of Mas- sachusetts " (T879); "Oration at the Com- mencement at Smith College" (18S1) ; " Sermon at the 250th Anniversary of the First Church in Charlestown " (1882); "Ser- mon at the 250th Anniversary of Cam- bridge " (1886); "Sermon at the 250th Anniversary of the Founding of Harvard College" (1886); "Sermon at the 20th An- niversary of his installation" (1887); and " Sermon in Memory of Prof. Asa Cray" (1888). McMILLlN, Edward Albon, son of John and Harriet M. (Johnson) McMillin, was born in Stockholm, St. Lawrence coun- ty, N. Y., June 4, 1859. His education in early life was limited to the common school. Thrown on his own resources at the age of thirteen, he entered the office of the "Courier and Freeman," Potsdam, N. Y., as apprentice to the printer's trade. Four years later he was given charge of the mechanical department of the " .Standard " at Cortland, N. Y., and subsequently be- came business manager of the " Daily Democrat," at Amsterdam. October i, 1884, he purchased a controlling interest in the " Hoosac ^'alley News," North Adams, the firm name, Hardman & McMil- lin, continuing until 1888. He then became sole owner by purchase of Mrs. Hardman's interest. Later, E. C. Barber was admit- ted as a partner, and the firm name was changed to McMillin & Barber, the present title. MCPHERSON. MEAD. 405 Mr. McMillin was married in Cortland, N. Y., June 9, 1881, to Annie, daugiiter of Merton M. and Elizabeth (Baden) Waters. <)f this union were two children : Ralph Kdward and Elizabeth Ida McMillin. Mcpherson, ebenezer martin, son of John and Elizabeth (Martin) McPher- son, was born in Shelburne, N. S., October 24, 1836. He was educated in the public schools of Boston. His first connection in business was with Henry Rice, stock and real estate broker. Subsequently he was with Peters iV Chase, tea dealers. Since 1867 he has been a dealer in bank safes and locks. Mr. McPherson was married in East ISoston, June 8, 1863, to Family C, daugh- ter of George and Sarah (Cannon) Sturte- vant. Of this union are two children : George Sturtevant and Henry Stephens McPherson. He was again married in EBENEZER M McPHERSON. Winthrop, October 9, 1889, to Elizabeth Russell, daughter of William and Emily ( Day) Drowne. Mr. McPherson has been for many years vice-president anil treasurer of the Boston Young Men's Christian Association ; man- ager of the Little Wanderers' Home; super- intendent of the Presbyterian Sunday- school, East Boston ; director of the Asso- ciated Charities ; treasurer of the No- License League of Massachusetts ; many years on the Republican city committee ; two years on the Republican .state central committee ; a member of the House of Representatives 1876 and '78 ; a member of the governor's council 1887 and '88; was a director of the Eirst Ward National Bank, and is a trustee of the East Boston Savings Bank. He has recently been ap- pointed' by (lovernor Ames as one of the state commissioners of foreign mortgage corporations. MEAD, Edwin D., son of Bradley and Sarah (Stone) Mead, was born in Chester- field, Cheshire county, N. H., September 29, 1849. The years i875-'79 he passed in Europe, studying chiefly at the universities of Cam- bridge and Leipzig ; but the greater part of his life has been spent in Boston, where, for nine years previous to his studies in Europe, he was engaged in the service of the publishing house of Ticknor & Fields. His early purpose was to prepare him- self for the ministry of the Episcopal church, and his earlier writings were upon religious subjects. While in Europe he contributed to American magazines various articles on the English broad church- men. In 1876 he withdrew from the Episcopal church on doctrinal grounds, and has remained independent in religion, with views essentially those of Emerson and Parker. He continued, however, to take an active interest in religious move- ments, editing, in 1881, a collection of the sermons of the Rev. Stopford Brooke, and frequently writing and speaking on relig- ious cjuestions. His own first published work upon " The Philosophy of Carlyle " was issued in 1881. In 1884 he published "Martin Luther; a Study of Reformation." His first lectures in Boston were upon " German Religious Thought." He has been an active member of the Free Religious Association, addressing the association, in 1883, on " Emerson, and the Doctrine of Evolution," and in 1888 on "The Present Revolution in Religion." Of late he has, however, addressed him- self more to philosophical, historical and political subjects. He was one of the lec- turers at the Concord School of Philosophy, and has had classes in philosophy in Bos- ton. Much of the time during recent win- ters he has given to platform speaking, chiefly upon historical and literary sub- jects ': " The American Poets," " The Pil- grim Fathers," etc. 4oG MEDBERV. MENTZER. The leading idea in his late work is that of lifting politics and patriotism into a kind of religion. He thinks that the State will somehow come to rival the Church, if not to take its place, as an object of social en- thusiasm. Convictions of this kind have led him to exhibit great activity in histor- ical work by voice and pen. He is warmly EDWIN D. MEAD. interested in practical politics, and is a fre- quent participant in political discussions. He was one of the founders of the Massa- chusetts Society for Promoting Good Citi- zenship. He has also had the principal direction, in late years, of the Old South historical work in Boston, for the education of young people in history and politics. M.EDBERY, ANDREW NELSON, the son of Viall and Hannah (Peck) Medbery, was born in Seekonk, Bristol county, December 5. 1827. His opportunities of an early education were very limited. At the age of seven he attended the district school of his native town four months of the winter season, working on the farm the rest of the year. At the age of nineteen he commenced to teach school during the winter sessions, continuing his farm labors the remainder of the year. After teaching seven winters his health gave way, and in consequence, he gave up teaching, but remained on the farm until he purchased a store in Seekonk, on October 27, 1869, where he has continued to carry on business to the present time. He was appointed postmaster of Seekonk in 1870, which position he still holds. He has also held the offices of school commit- teeman, selectman, town clerk, and a mem- ber of the House of Representatives in 1880. In 1880 he was appointed to take the United States census of Seekonk, and, in 1885, the state census. Mr. Medbery was married in Bristol, R. I., May 30, 1854, to Sarah Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of Hon. John Greg- ory, formerly of Portsmouth, N. H. He has no children. Mr. Medbery united with the Baptist church, 1853, with whose Sabbath-school work and benevolent societies he is closely identified. He has been clerk of the church since 1854. He has always been a radical temperance man, and has never used any intoxicating liquors or tobacco. MENTZER, Walter C, son of Charles L. and Luc}' J. (Brewer) Mentzer, was l)orn October 26, 1862, at Brady's Bend, Armstrong county. Pa. His early educa- tion was received at the public schools of Boston and Northborough, and completed at the Northborough high school and the A\'oburn Academy. \Vhen twenty-three years old, Mr. Ment- zer formed a partnership with W. H. Ken- nedy, as wholesale beef dealers, and in 1876, as W. C. & A. F. Mentzer, he opened a wholesale beef market on North Market Street, Boston. The same firm is still do- ing business, as commission dealers in Armour &: Co.'s Chicago dressed-beef. In Somerville, on the 31st dav of De- cember, 1876, Mr. Mentzer was married to Clara B., daughter of Almon R. and Diana W. (Jackson) Thurston. They have one child : Charles A. Mentzer. Mr. Mentzer has been identified with the Knights of Honor, Charity Lodge, F. & A. Masons, Royal Arcanum, I. O. O. F., and I. O. R. M., of Cambrid.ge and Somerville, and has held offices in all these orders. He was elected to the common council of Somerville in 1885, and was president of the board in 1886 He was elected to the board of aldermen in 1887, has been twice candidate for mayor, and in 1889 was elected member of the Mystic water board. He has always been an earnest Republican, in politics, and in social and philanthrojiic movements has ever taken an active part. He is a director in the Somerville Co-op- erative Bank. MERRIAM. MERRILL. 407 MHRRIA-M, ARTEMAS, son of Joel and Polly (Farnsworth) Merriam, was born in AVes'tniinster, Worcester county, July 21, 1818. He received a common school edu- cation. His hrst connection in business was in 1844, but previous to this he had worked four years at tub-makmg. Changing to the manufacture of settees and chairs in 1S44, he started a small business, employ- ing only one or two hands. In 1848 he removed to South Westminster, where he now resides, and formed a co-partnership with George Holden, under the firm name of Merriam & Holden. Increase of busi- ness necessitated the enlargement of their f** ^%\ ARTEMAS MERRIAM. manufacturing capacity, and in 1859 they took in another partner, Joel Merriam — firm name Merriam, Holden & Co. Busi- ness still increased, and in 1867 a larger factory was built. In November, 1869, he was burned out. He rebuilt and enlarged his business. In 1873 Joel Merriam died, and the death of the other partner, Mr. Holden, occurred soon after. Since that time Mr. Merriam has conducted the busi- ness alone, giving emplovment to a large number of his fellow-townsmen. Mr. Merriam was married in Westmin- ster, lune 8, 1841, to Salome, daughter of Asa and Dolly (Whitney) Holden. Of this union were six children : Stilman F., Laura, Mary Ella, Ida Eliza, Willie, and Nellie Merriam. Mr. Merriam was a representative to the General Court, 1878, and has been select- man and overseer of the poor for several years. MERRIAM, Francis Peabody, son of Andrew and Ann Jane (Nixon) Merriam, was born at Middleton, Essex county, Jan- uary 20, 1818. He attended the common district school until sixteen years of age, and afterwards spent about a year in the English depart- ment of Phillips Academy, Andover. He learned the shoe trade, and in 1839 opened a general country store. He after- wards became interested in the manufacture of shoes, and continued in trade till i860. He then sold the store and devoted himself to the shoe trade till 1871. He then sold out, but after two years he resumed the business and carried on the manufacture until 1887. He then retired from active business. Mr. Merriam was first married in Dan- vers, November 21, 1844, to Mary F. Crosby. She died June 23, 1848. He was again married in Leominster, November 25, 1849, to Hannah B., daughter of John and Elizabeth (\Mlkins) Crosby. Of this last union were four children : Franklin C. and Jane Anita, deceased, and Mary Frances and Katherine Merriam, now living. Mr. Merriam was a member of the House of Representatives in 1877. He has never missed casting a vote in state and presiden- tial elections since his first vote for Harri- son in 1840. He was a Whig, and is now an ardent Republican. MERRILL, George S., son of Jona- than and Margaret (Clarke) Merrill, was born in Methuen, Essex county, March 10, 1836. His education was received in public and private schools of Methuen and Law- rence. Between 1853 and '56 he served an ap- prenticeship in the office of the " Lawrence Courier." In 1856 he became editor of the "Lawrence American," and since i860 has been sole proprietor and editor. He was five years a member and two years president of the common council of Lawrence. He was appointed postmaster by President Lincoln in 1861, holding the position twenty-five years. In 1862 he assisted in raising a company for the Union service, of which he became lieutenant, and afterward captain. The company was at- tached to the 4th regiment, Massachusetts 4o8 .MKRKILL. MERRILL. volunteers, and was with (ieneral Banks in Louisiana, including the siege and capture of Port Hudson. To enter the service, he tendered his resignation as postmaster, but this was de- clined, and leave of absence granted by the post-office department. He was adju- tant of the 6th regiment, Massachusetts militia, from 1866 to '69, then three years captain of a light battery in Lawrence, and since 1873 has been major of the 1st bat- talion of light artillery. He was for seven years president of the Massachusetts Press Association, and for a like period secretary of the Republican state central committee. He was one of the char- ter members and first commander of Post 39, G. .\. R., in Lawrence ; was commander of the department of Massachusetts in 1875, and commander-in-chief of United States in 188 1 ; has been senior vice-com- mander of the Massachusetts Commanderv GEORGE S. MERRILL. of the Military ( )rder of the Loyal Legion. In 1883 he was commander of the Ancient and Honorable .Artillery Company. For years he has been chairman of the national pension committee of the G. A. R. He was appointed by Governor .\mes to the office of insurance commissioner of Massachusetts, June i, 1887, which position he now holds. Mr. Merrill was married in Concord, N. H., December 29, 1855, to Sarah J., daughter of Elbridge and Ruth A. (Felch) Weston. Of this union are two children : Winlield G. and Genevieve Merrill (now Mrs. Magee). His present residence is Lawrence. MERRILL, Moody, son of Winthrop and Martha N. Merrill, was born in Camp- ton. Grafton county, N. H., June 27, 1836, and educated in the district schools of that town and at the Thetford (Vt.) Academy. During the summer he was occupied with farming, and in the winter attended school. In the winter of 1856 he taught school at Ellsworth, N. H., and in 1857 at Thornton, N. H. Ill health prevented his entering college, and in 1S59 he went to Boston and entered the law office of the Hon. William Minot. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar in February, 1863. He served on the school board from 1865 to '74, and for seven years was chairman of the Ro.xbury high school committee. In 1868 he was elected to the House of Representatives, where he served three years, and was a member of the state Senate in 1873 and '74, where his energy and ability won for him the influential position which he held among the leaders in that body. In 1874 he was chairman of the committee in charge of the memorial services on the death of Charles Sumner, and compiled the memorial history of that occasion. From 1872 to '86 he devoted himself to the Highland Street Railway, of which corporation he was president during the entire term of its existence. This position was one well qualified to test the nerve and ability of anyone who had the courage to inaugurate a new scheme against the com- bined opposition of what have always been considered the most powerful monopolies in the metropolis. Subsequently, in 1886, he secured the passage by the Legisla- ture of the bill authorizing all street rail- ways of the city of Boston to consolidate, and it was due to him that the general consolidation was finally effected. Mr. Merrill put his whole heart into the work of establishing this new road upon a popular and paying basis, and his energy and perseverance were amply rewarded by the most brilliant success. It was also largely due to Mr. Merrill's influence that the system of public parks in the city of Boston was established, more especially that portion of the system which includes the now Franklin Park, containing nearly METCALF. .MILES. 409 SIX Inindrt'd acres of the city's most valu- able suburban lands, In 1880 he was a member of the Massa- chusetts Electoral College, but has taken no active part in politics for several years. He is president of the Ro.\bury Club, hav- ins; been unanimously elected to succeed Nathaniel J. Bradlee, upon his decease. Quiet and unostentatious in manner, popular with his associates in club and so- cial life, strong in his political and com- mercial connections, he is to-da)^ among the best known of Boston's public men. METCALF, Edwin Dickinson, son of William and Nancy E. (Crook) Met- calf, was born in Smithfield, Providence county, R. I., March 14, 1848. His early education was given him in the public schools, \\'estford Academy and Eastman's Business College. In 1868 be began business life as clerk in a house furnishing-goods store in Provi- dence, R. I. He removed to Springfield in 1875, and with Mr. Luther, formed a co-partnership under tile firm name of Met- calf & Luther, house furnishers. They have since continued in the same line, doing a constantly increasing busine.ss, with branch houses in Chicopee and Holyoke. Mr. Metcalf was married in Fall River, in September, 187^, to Carrie W., daughter of Samuel W, and Caroline (Walker) Flint. Of this union were two children: Edwin F. and Harold G. Metcalf. Mr. Metcalf is one of the leading busi- ness men of Springfield, and is also largely interested in banking and railroad proper- ties in the West. He is a director in the John Hancock National Bank, Massachu- setts Mutual Life Insurance Company, and the Cayuga Woolen Company, Auburn. N. Y. He was president of the Spring- field & New London Railroad at the time of its consolidation with the New York & New England Railroad. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives in 1880 and '81 ; mayor of Springfield in 1886 ; state senator i88g, and was three years on Governor Robin- son's staff, 1884, '85 and '86. MILES, Daniel Curtis, son of Daniel and Mary (Curtis) .Miles, was born June I, 1827. in the eastern part of Westmin- ster, Worcester county. His early educa- tion was obtained ])arlly in the public and partly in jjrivate schools. Later he attended the academy at Westminster Centre. This period of school training was supplemented l)y the not less valuable discipline of teach- ing, in which he engaged for twelve terms, in the towns of Lancaster, Westminster and Gardner. Beginning his active business life upon a farm, Mr. Miles e.xtended his interests to the lumber trade, and also became |3roprie- tor of a saw-mill, a grist-mill, and factory for the production of chair stock. Later he took an active part in erecting the chair factory and connected buildings at South Westminster, and for three and a half years he was a partner with Merriam &: Holden in the manufacture of chairs and settees. He also owned and operated the Westminster and Winchendon bakeries for three years. Prospering in these enterprises, Mr. Miles went into partnership in the manu- facture of cane-seat chairs at North West- minster, under the firm name of Miles & Lombard, afterwards changed to Miles & Son. This soon became an important in- dustry in that section of the town, giving employment to seventy-five persons. In the spring of 1875 Mr. Miles helped estab- lish the Westminster National Bank, of which he has ever since been the president. For the past few years he has operated ex- tensively in land in southern California and elsewhere, besides holding an interest in a large cattle ranch near Miles City, Mon- tana. This city was founded by his son, George M. Miles, and was named in honor of his iirother, Gen. N. A. Miles, U. S. A. 4IO MILLER. MILLER. On the 22d of May, 1S51, Mr. Miles married Lucy .\nn, daughter of James and Lucy (Jones) Puffer, and of this union there have been five children : Mary Josephine, George AL, Herbert J., Arthur W., and Martha G. Miles. "^Il "Wm': DANIEL C. MILES. In addition to the numerous and success- ful business enterprises which have identi- fied him with the progress and prosperity of the town, Mr. Miles has held many offices of trust and responsibilit\-. He has been auditor of the town's accounts, asses- sor, member of the school board, selectman and overseer of the poor, president of the Worcester North .-Vgricultural .Society two 3-ears, and trustee fifteen years, superintend- ent of the Baptist Sunday-school eighteen years, and clerk of the society twent)--si.\ years, president of the Wachusett Baptist Association, and justice of the peace for many years. Mr. Miles has amply gratified his taste for travel, in his own country, Europe, and the British Isles. MILLER, ALBERT E., son of Ezekiel and Polly (Hogaboom) Miller, was born in Covert, Seneca county, N. Y., and is the youngest of ten children, and a descend- ant of the New England family of Miller. His father when quite a young man emigrated to New York and settled on a farm, on which the early life of the son was spent. He entered school at six years of age, having previously read the New Testament, " Hale's History of the United States," " Robinson Crusoe," and a num- ber of books taken from the public library. After passing the district schools, he was sent to Cortland Academy, where, after one year's attendance, he, with one other bo}', was selected by the superin- tendent to receive the benefits of the state normal department at Homer Acad- emy. Here he remained three years. His desire was to study medicine, but was over-persuaded by friends to read law. After reading law one year, he returned to his first choice — medicine, and was graduated from the S}-racuse Medical Col- lege in 1855, and from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in 1864. He was a private student of H. H. Smith, M. D., professor of surgery in the uni- versity, also of the celebrated D. Hayes Agnew, M. D. ALBERT E. MILLER. Failing health fo'rced him to abandon local practice. He began lecturing on public health in the principal cities and towns throughout the country, and for the last few years much of his time has been spent lecturing before schools. He has latterly returned to practice, has an office MILLER. MILLER. 411 in Needham, and one in Boston — his specialty being lung diseases. Dr. Miller is an active temperance man, working in tlie Republican party, but is not a politician. He was elected to repre- sent the 9th Norfolk district in the House of Representatives, 1888 ; was re-elected for 1889, and was House chairman of the committee on public health. He is a prominent Mason, a member of Zenobia Commandery, Cortland Chapter, No. 194, R. A. M., New York ; past master Norfolk Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and past grand of Eliot Lodge, L C). O. F,, Needham ; member of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts ; has several times held the office of D. I). G. M.; is a member of Aurora Chapter, Eastern Star, Natick ; of Jewel Lodge, K. & L. of H., of Roxbury ; and is D. D. G. P. of district No. 16, State of ALissachusetts. He was one of the foremost in starting the Village Liiprovement Society of Needham, and was its first president. He has also beautified and rendered fertile a portion of the town reclaimed from waste land, built twenty fine houses and planted a total abstinence colony, as he refuses to allow entrance to any tenants who use alcoholic stimulants. Dr. Miller was largely instrumental in securing from the Legislature the act allowing the town of Needham to supply its inhabitants with pure water. He was elected chairman of the water committee. He is superintendent of the First Parish Sunday-school ; president of the Union Temperance Band, the Chautauqua Liter- ary and Scientific Circle, and is active in all literary work in the village. He is a lib- eral, public-spirited citizen. Dr. Miller was married in New York, No- vember 25, 1866, to Vesta Delphene, daugh- ter of Alonzo and Vesta (Ketchum) Free- man, of Newark, N. Y. She is also a phy- sician, and assists him in his practice. She is an active temperance worker, and has been president of the W. C. T. U. of Need- ham since its organization. MILLER, George F., son of Joseph and Susan (Shaw) Miller, was born in Schaghticoke, Rensselaer county, N. Y.. January 16, 1847. His early education was received in the public schools and Union Village Academy, Greenwich, Washington county, N. Y. He subsequently took a course of study in Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College, Albany, N. Y. He began business life in Isaac G. Flack's general store, Lansingburgh, N. ^'., then engaged in the retail grocery business for himself in Greenwich. In 1868 he removed to North Adams, and entered the internal revenue office, where he remained two years and a half ; was then special agent for the Widows' & Orphans' Benefit Life Insurance Company one year, after which he took up the general insurance business. Mr. Miller was married in North Adams, November 23, 1876, to Delia A., daughter of Jasper H. and Harriet (Sheldon) Adams. Of this union are two children : Harry A. and Elsie Miller. GEORGE F. MILLER. Mr. Miller was clerk and treasurer of the North Adams fire district ; is now assessor of the town ; secretary of the Hoosac Valley Agricultural Society ; justice of the peace ; notary public ; charter member of Greylock Lodge, F. & A. M. ; also of Com- posite Royal Arch Chapter and St. Paul Commandery, ,K. T. MILLER, JOHN LELAND, was born in Adams, Berkshire county, June 2, 1813. He was the son of Caleb and Nancy (Mitch- ell) Miller, and a great grandson of William Miller, who was a surgeon in the British army. John I,. Miller was of a feeble constitu- tion, and during his childhood his health was so delicate as to incapacitate him for severe labor. His earlv education was 412 MILLER. MILLETT. acquired in the common schools of his native town, which, however, his feeble health never permitted him to attend steadily. His studious habits at home compensated in a measure for the lack of instruction at school. He was instructed in the higher branches and in languages by private tutors. He also attended during short periods the academies in Adams and Williamstown. At the age of sixteen he became a clerk in a mercantile establishment in the city of New York, but two years later, on the breaking out of the cholera in that city, his friends prevailed on him to remove to West Troy, where he was a salesman dur- ing a year, subsequently purchasing the business of his employer Within a year his stock of goods was burned. After an illness of nine months, he com- menced the study of medicine. He pur- sued his studies during a year at \\'est Troy, then for two years as a resident stu- dent in the Berkshire Medical College, during which he attended a course of lec- tures at Woodstock, Vt. He graduated at the Berkshire institution in 1837. He then went to New Orleans, and was soon engaged as surgeon of a surveying party at the mouth of the Mississippi River, under Captain Talcott of the United States topographical engineers. Thence he went to Pensacola, Fla., and soon afterwards sailed for New York, where he arrived early in November, 1838, after having been ship- wrecked on the rocky island of Gun Key in the Caribbean Sea. He then engaged during five years in the practice of his pro- fession in Providence, R. I. During this time he was appointed surgeon of General Stedman's brigade of state troops that were called out to suppress the " Dorr rebel- lion." Returning to Pittsfield, he renewed his studies, and in 1844 he became pro- fessor of anatomy and physiology in the medical department of Illinois College. In 1847 he resigned his professorship to accept a position in the army. He was appointed assistant-surgeon of volunteers May 27, 1847, and major and surgeon of volunteers July 13, in the same year. He joined the army at Yera Cruz, Mexico, and was in active service till the close of the Mexican war. In 1855 he returned to Pittsfield, and removed to Sheffield in 1866 and having retired from practice, purchased the Mount Barnard farm, on which he resided until the day of his death, April 17, 1889. He was many times called by his fellow- citizens of Sheffield to occupy positions of trust in the town. Dr. Miller has been president of the Berkshire Medical Soci- ety, president of the alumni association of the Berkshire Medical College ; a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society and the Berkshire Historical Society. He was a model farmer, and in 1876 was made president of the Housatonic Agricultural Society, and by his judicious management succeeded in restoring it to a condition of prosperity. He was a great friend of Williams College, and in 1888 gave it forty thousand dollars to establish a pro- fessorship of national history. On March 4, 1862, he was married to Julia, daughter of John and .\nne (Alden) Atkins, of Fairbury, 111. She is a direct descendant of John Alden, who came to America in the" Mayflower." MILLETT, Joshua Howard, son of Rev. Joshua and Sopiironia (Howard) Mil- lett, was born on the 17th of March, 1842, in Cherrvfield, Washington county, Maine. His father was a clergyman of the Baptist denomination and author of the " History JOSHUA H, MILLETr. of the Baptists of Maine." His early edu- cation he obtained in the public schools of Wayne, Maine, where he resided for some years after he was two years of age. He fitted for college at Hebron Academy, He- bron, Maine, and entered Colby University MILLIKEN. MILLIS. 413 at Waterville, Maine, with the class of '67. Unavoidable circinnstances prevented his graduating with the class, but he received the degrees of A. B. and A. M. as of that class. He then studied law in the offices of Hon. Isaac F. Redfield, late Chief Justice of the supreme court of Vermont, and with William A. Herrick, in Boston, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1870. He at once formed a law partnership with his two instructors, under the firm name of Redfield, Herrick Os: Millett, which contin- ued till the death of Judge Redfield, six j-ears later. The two remaining members carried on the business till 1885, when by the death of Mr. Herrick, the entire busi- ness of the ofifice came into the hands of Mr. Millett. In addition to his legal business, Mr. Millett has been president and counsel of the Crosby Steam Gage & Valve Company since its organization in 1875. In 1869 Mr. Millett removed from Dorchester to Maiden, where he has since resided. Dur- ing this time he has served several years upon the school committee, upon the board of trustees of the public library of this city, and represented the district in the Legis- lature in 1884 and '85. He has been among the most earnest workers in the Maiden Improvement Society. June 19, 1867, Mr. Millett was married, in Dorchester, to Rosa Maria, daughter of Charles and Hannah Giles Tredick. Their two children are : Charles Howard and Mabel Rosa Millett. MILLIKEN, EBEN COLBRAITH, ssborn mills, and has been a director in the Po- casset National Bank since its organization in 1854. He is also president of the Citizens' Savings Bank, and a member of its board of investment. He has repre- sented the city for five consecutive years in the state Legislature — from 1884 to 1888 inclusive — serving on several com- mittees, the most prominent of which were the committees on public charitable insti- tutions, and banks and banking. Of both MINER. MINER 415 of these he was, during the later years of his service, the chairman on the part of the House. He devoted much time and atten- tion to the interests of the charitable insti- tutions, of one of which he was appointed a trustee by Governor Ames, a position he still holds. Mr. Mihie is not onlv a gentleman held in the highest honor and esteem by his fel- low-citizens, but he carries his purity of character into his editorial work, and labors to disseminate only such journalistic matter as appeals to the higher moral elements of societ}'. MINER, ALONZO AMES, son of llcna- jah Ames and Amanda Miner, was born on the 17th of August, 1814, at Lempster, Sullivan countv, N. H. He was educated at the public schools and at various New England academies, and afterwards studied privatel)'. From the time he was sixteen years old he taught school during the winters, for four years, and in 1834 became associate prin- ci|5al with James Garvin, of an academy at Cavendish, Vt. A year later he took entire charge of an academj- known as the Unity Scientific and Literary Academy, founded especially for him at Unity, N. H., by the parents of those sons and daughters who had been under his previous tuition, where he remained for four years. During the last year and a half he often filled neighboring pulpits on Sunday. He re- ceived fellowship as a Universalist clergy- man in 1838, was ordained in 1839 and settled in Methuen. In 1842 he removed to Lowell, and thence to the Second Universalist church — now the Columbus Avenue church, of Boston, in 1848, suc- ceeding the Rev. Dr. Chapin, as associate with the venerable Hosea Ballou. In August, 1836, at Lempster, N. H., Dr. Miner was married to Maria S., daugh- ter of Edmund and -Sarah (Bailev) Perley. Dr. Miner has been a member of the school board in Methuen, Lowell and Bos- ton ; he was elected by the Legislature a member of the board of overseers of Harvard College ; a member of the state board of education for eight years, by ap- pointment of Governor Claflin, and again for a similar term by appointment of Governor Rice. He still holds the same office under the appointment of Governor Robinson. From 1862 to '75 Dr. Miner was president of Tufts College, and is still a member of the board of trustees. He is a trustee of the Bromfield school at old Harvard ; president of the trustees of the Universalist Publishing House ; a director of the American Peace Society ; for eigh- teen years president of the Massachusetts 'I'emperance Alliance ; president of the committee of ore hundred for the preserva- tion of our public schools ; and appointed by Mayor Cobb, of Boston, chairman of the commission in the treatment of drunk- enness in the city institutions, whose re- |3ort embodied methods since widely intro- duced into Sherborn and Concord reform- atories and in the police court l)y the pro- bation officer. He has thus, in many ways, made him- self a most important factor, and exerted a controlling influence in the cause of re- form, easily taking the place of a leader in the temperance movement and in the school question recently agitating the State of Massachusetts. ALONZO A MINER. In 1 86 1 Dr. Miner received the honorary degree of A. M. from Tufts College, in 1S63 the degree of S. T. D. from Harvard College, and in 1875 the degree of LL. D. from Tufts College. He delivered the oration, July 4, 1855, before the city authorities of Boston. .\mong many literary productions. Dr. Miner's most popular, perhaps, are: "Bible Exercises," (published in 1854, the last edition of which was published in i884-'85), and ' Oltl Forts Taken" (published in 4i6 MINER. MINER. i878-'85). He is a man of intense vital activity, striking individuality, and oc- cupies a high place in the esteem of the large constituency he has made, not only in the city where he lives, but in the State he equally well serves. MINER, David Worthington, son of Nathan and .\ffa Worthington Miner, was born in Peru, Berkshire county, October 5, 1820. He received his early education in the public and private schools of his native town He chose the career of a physician for his life work, and prepared himself for his profession in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and Berkshire Medi- cal College, Pittsfield. Besides these pro- fessional advantages, he had benefited by DAVID W MINER. the private practical instruction given by Dr. John M. Brewster and Dr. H. H. Childs. Dr. Miner began the practice of his pro- fession in Lee, soon after graduation, in 1844 ; removed to Ware, in 1845, to accept a co-partnership with the late Dr. Horace Goodrich, which continued five years, when Dr. Goodrich retired. Dr. Miner has con- tinued the practice of surgery and medicine in the same office forty-four years. He was married in Northampton, Sep- tember 24, 1845, to Mary H., daughter of Jo.seph and Nancy Warner. Of this union are four children : \\'orthington \\'arner Miner, M. D., Eliza N. (now wife of Prof. Charles E. Garman of Amherst College), Jean E., and Affa S. Miner. Dr. Miner was appointed coroner by Governor Gardner, but did not accept the office. He was appointed medical exam- iner in 1877, and still retains the office; was member of the school board many years ; chairman of the board of selectmen si,\ years ; member of the board of road commissioners seven years, and has been chairman of the board of health many years. He is a member of the Massachusetts Med- ical Society and permanent member of the United States Medical Association, etc. Eighteen young men have studied medi- cine under his tuition, graduating from the different medical colleges of the country, all of whom have made successful practi- tioners, several having risen to high emi- nence in the profession. MINER, George Allen, the son of Harlow and- Sarah Katharine (Campbell) Miner, was born at Granby, P. Q., January 15, 1828. On his father's side he is de- scended from Henry Bullman, of the Men- dippe Hills in Somersetshire, England, who furnished Edward HI., when on his way to embark for the wars in France, with an escort of one hundred men selected from his servants and from the men employed in his mines. For this timely service the king ennobled Bullman, gave him a coat-of- arms and changed his name to Miner. One of his descendants, Thomas Miner, emigrated from England to Massachusetts, landing in Boston in 1630. ( )n his mother's side he is descended from Sir John Camp- bell, Duke of Argyle. Mr. Miner, in early youth, was not a boy of robust health, and consequently did not readily enter into his father's plans for his own settlement and that of his younger brother in an interior town, preferring a mercantile career in Montreal, about hfty miles distant. As a sort of compromise, his father secured him a clerkship in the country store of C. F. Safford, at St. Albans, Vt. At this time he was seventeen years of age, and he continued in this posi- tion until he reached his majority. He then caught the " gold fever," and had agreed to accompany a friend from Bridge- port, Conn., on a voyage to California to seek his fortune, but owing to a severe storm, the stage-coach by which he was traveling from St. Albans to Troy, N. Y., was so much delayed that it did not reach New Haven, from whence he was to have embarked, until the dav after the sailing of -MINER. MITfHKr.L. 417 the vessel. Making the best of his disap- pointment, he procured employment in the dry-goods store of E. & C. G. Birdsey, of Bridgeport, Conn., where he remained a )-ear, and in 1850, removing to Boston, he entered the dry-goods jobbing house of J. N. DenLson & Co., with whom he spent si.x years GEORGE A, MINER. His first connection in business for him- self was as a member of the firm of Talbot, Newell & Co., and, in 1862, this was re- organized as Merritt, Parkhurst & Co. , later, Parkhurst, Miner & Beal ; Miner, Beal & Hackett, and now Miner, Beal & Co., wholesale clothiers, of which Mr. Miner is the senior partner. Mr. Miner was married in September, 1866, at Westborough, to Maria Louise, the daughter of Josiah W. and Clarina S. Blake. Mrs. Miner died in July, 1887, leaving no children. Mr. Miner has long held an enviable reputation for business sagacity and integ- rity, and while not actively engaged in politics, yet well represents that large class of the mercantile community whose views upon the current movements of the day, and whose sterling private character, go far to build up that unerring and potent factor in political life known as public opinion. MINK, William, son of Henry \V. and Eve Mink, was born April 7th, 1832, at Rhinebeck, Dutchess county, N. Y. After an early education at select schools, he graduated at the Rhinebeck Academy, and entered the law office of the late Charles W. Mink, at Albany, N. Y. But that profession becoming distasteful to him, he became apprenticed to the printing business, and is at present president and treasurer of the Sun Printing Company, located at Pittsfield, where he now resides. At Kingston, N. Y., he married F^lizabeth Hall, daughter of the late Samuel Rey- nolds. They have three sons and one daughter. During the war Mr. Mink served in the 34th Massachusetts volunteers, and has been connected with the Massachusetts militia in various positions for about fifteen years. WILLIAM MINK. He is a firm adherent to the faith of Democracy as proclaimed and illustrated by Thomas Jefferson. MITCHELL, Edwin Vinald, son of William W. and Sarah (Phipps Leland) Mitchell, was born in Sangersville, Piscata- quis county. Me., October 2, 1850. His education was received in the com- mon and high schools of Framingham, Mass. 4i8 MITCHELL. MITCHELL. He began his business career without financial assistance, wholly dependent on his own energy, prudence and perseverance, meeting with many obstacles which he manfully overcame, and in 1867 became interested in the straw business with his brothers at Westborough, and entered the firm two years later. He afterwards became connected with H. O. Bernard & Co., of Westborough, and remained until 1876, then came to Med- field for D. D. Curtis & Co. His devotion EDWIN V MITCHELL to the interests of his emplovers, Iiis skill, usefulness and executive ability com- mended him so highly to the firm, that they promoted him to be superintendent of their extensive works, and holding this position until 1884, he received an interest in the business. On the death of Mr. Curtis (1885), the firm of Searle, Dai ley iv: Co. was estab- lished, Mr. Mitchell being the resident and managing partner at Medfield, H. A. Searle and G. F. Dailey being the New York partners. The firm is to-day one of the most extensive and important houses engaged in the manufacture and sale of straw goods in this country. Mr. Mitchell was married in Medfield, October, 1885, to Blanche E., daughter of Daniel D. and Ellen (Wright) Curtis. Of this union are two sons ; Cranville Curtis and Edwin Searle Mitchell. Mr. Mitchell was selectman of Medfield in 1877, but his private business led him to decline a re-election. He has been chair- man of the Republican town committee fin- ten years, a trustee of the public librarv and justice of the peace since his appoint- ment by (iovernor Robinson. Although yet a young man, his position as a leading manufacturer, aided by a generous and whole-souled nature, gives him an influence and popularity in public and private aft"airs that few men attain in a life-time. Prosperity sits w-ell upon him, and no worthy cause or person appeals to him in vain. He is a Mason of high degree, a promi- nent member of the Odd Fellows, also a member of the Ancient and Honorable Ar- tillery company, the Norfolk, Home Market and .■Mgoncjuin clubs. MITCHELL, George Edwin, son of Lorenzo Dow and Hannah (Hill) Mitchell, was born in Cambridge, Middlesex county, May 8, 1844 His early education was obtained in the public schools of Cambridge and Somer- ville. His first connection in business, in 1870, was with E. K. Goodall and Cieorge .-\. Dexter, under the firm name of tJoodall, Mitchell &: Dexter, wholesale dealers in butter, cheese and eggs, Faneuil Hall market, Boston. In 1872 he became senior partner of Mitchell, Dexter & Co., commission mer- chants, their business ranking with the heaviest dealers in this line. He has re- mained in the same connection up to the present time. Mr. Mitchell was married in Gloucester, October 22, 1865, to Annie Marie, daughter of John Cleaves and Hannah Palmer Knowlton. Of this union were four chil- dren : .\nnie Knowlton, Georgie Belcher, Fannie .\llen, and Charles Edwin Mitchell. Mr. Mitchell was a member of the com- mon council, Chelsea, 1878 and '79, mem- ber of the board of aldermen, 1880 and '81, serving as president of the board the latter year; mayor of Chelsea 1887 and '88, and was chairman of the Republican city committee for several j'ears previous to 1887. He has filled the office of chairman of the school committee, also chairman of trustees of the public library, and chairman of the board of water commissioners. He is chair- man of the standing committee of the First Universalist church, member of Star of Bethlehem Lodge, F. & A. M., Shekinah MOEN. MONK. 4'9 Chapter, R. A. ^[.,and Palestine Comnian- dery, Knights Templar. He is treasurer of the Mayors' Club of Massachusetts. Mr. Mitchell has a good war record. He enlisted in Somerville light infantry, company B, 5th Massachusetts vt)lunteer.s, 1862, and served with the regiment in North Carolina, and was honorably dis- charged at the expiration of his term of ser- vice, and is now secretary of the old 5th Regi- ment Veteran .\ssociation, and president of Company B, 5th Massachusetts Veteran As- sociation. He is also a member of Theo- dore Winthrop Post, No. 35, (i. A. R., anil member of W. S. Hancock comniaiul No. I, Union Veteran Union. GEORGE E. MITCHELL Mr. Mitchell has made a pronounced success of all that he has attempted in mercantile, political, civil and military life, and his friends are reasonably proud of the lareer of one who has filled so acceptably the many offices of honor and trust con- ferred upon iiim. MOEN, Philip Louis, son of Augustus R. and Sojihie .\nn Moen, was born in \\ ilna, lefferson countv, X. \ .. November 1,5, 1824. His initiation into business life was in a hardware store in New York City, in which wire, from the Washburn ^^'ire Mill in Worcester, was sold. In 1847 he settled in Worcester, and the firm I. Washburn \- Moen was formed, the business being wire- drawing and rod-rolling. This was when Mr. Moen was about twenty-three years of age. The business has continued essentially the satne, but in 1868 it began to be carried on under the firm title of the Washburn & Moen Manu- facturing Company, the corporation being established by legislative act. The business has steadily increased, till at the present time it has reached gigantic proportions — the concern said to be the largest wire manufacturing company under individual ownership in the whole world. They now employ three thousand workmen, and turn out about three hundred and fifty tons dady. This phenomenal growth of the business is due largely to the financial ability of Mr. Moen. 'I'hough not a college graduate, nor one who claims especial scholarship, he is yet a man of rare intelligence and elevated thought, a judicious and active friend to all educational movements and institutions, and one ever ready to further his convic- tions by liberal contributions. His services on the school board have been highly ap- preciated, and as trustee of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute since 1869, and treas- urer for seven years, he has so acquitted himself as to merit and receive the highest approval. In the more active scenes of political life he has not been often found, though on public questions his views and sentiments iiave had decided expression and due weight. In 1885 he was chosen a presi- dential elector on the Republican ticket, a fact which sufficiently indicates his party affiliations. In religious sentiment he is of the New England Orthodox Congrega- tional stamp, and well known for his broad Christian characteristics. Mr. Moen has been twice married, his first wife having been Eliza, the daughter of Ichabod Washburn, of Worcester, and his second, Maria S., daughter of Peter C. and Dorothy Grant, of Lyme, N. H. By the last marriage he has had three children : one son, Philip W., and two daughters, So- phie and Alice Grant Moen, all of whom are now living. MONK, HiRA.w Alexander, was born in Stoughton, Norfolk county, July 16, 1829, and his education was acquired in the public schools of those days. Previous to his majority he had learned the boot-maker's trade. Having mastered this, he launched out into business for himself, taking apprentices and c;irrying 420 MONK MONROE. on the business to an extent that ui those days was considered large. When the introduction of labor-saving machinery removed the manufacture of boots and shoes to the province of the fac- tory rather than the shop, Mr. Monk accepted the position of foreman, continu- ing in this business until about six years ago, when he entered upon the manufac- ture of shoe-heels as a specialty. Mr. Monk was united in marriage, April 8, 1851, in Stoughton, to Lucinda Fuller Cole, of that town. The fruits of this marriage have been ten children : Mary Loise, Charles Hiram, Jacob Francis, John Harvey, Cora Estelle, Sarah Abigail, Na- than Adelbert, George A., Hattie Augusta, and Wesley Elias Monk. At the first election of Brockton under its city charter, Mr. Monk was elected from ward 3 a member of the council. He served three years on the board, then three years as alderman. HIRAM A- MONK. Mr. Monk is a highly respected member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he takes a great interest as member and offi- cer. He has been the worshipful master of St. George Lodge, F. & A. M., of Brock- ton, and has served as a director in the Campelio Co-operative Bank for the last twelve years. He is a member of the Legion of Honor, hax-'ing been made com- mander of Council No. 16, Brockton. In early life Mr. Monk joined a temper- ance organization, was a Son of Temper- ance, and is now a member of Temple Lodge, No. 112, L O. G. T., Campelio, and is one of its trustees. He is an unflinch- ing foe to rum, and a friend of prohibi- tion, believing that the cause is best sub- served by working through the Republican party. In 1864 Mr. Monk joined the ranks of the 58th regiment, Massachusetts volun- teers, and served during the remainder of the war, receiving an honorable discharge. He subsequently became a member of Post 72, G. A. R., Stoughton, and has served as an officer. Mr. Monk is a member and trustee of the Campelio Methodist Episcopal church. MONROE, George H., son of Harris and Rebecca (Ellis) Monroe, was born in Dedham, Norfolk county, on the i8th of August, 1826. His paternal grandfather was Nathan Monroe, one of the minute men at the battle of Lexington, in 1775. When he was ten years old his family moved to Wrentham, where he was edu- cated in the common schools and at Day's Academy. When sixteen years of age he came to Boston to learn the printing trade, in the office of S. N. Dickinson, and became a ])roof-reader a year later, reading in Dickinson's office, in the New England Stereotype Foundry, and at the University Press, Cambridge, till 1859, when he pur- chased the " Norfolk County Journal," in koxbury, which he owned and conducted for nearly ten years. In i864-'65 he was elected a represen- tative to the General Court, and in 1869- '70-71 was honored by his constituents with a seat in the Senate. Mr. Monroe was a Whig in politics up to 1854, when he joined the Republican part3% and was a delegate from Dedham to its first state convention. He supported Horace Greeley in 1872. He was the Democratic and Liberal candidate for secretary of state in 1872 and '75. To-day he is in the front rank of independent Republicans. He was for years connected with the school committee in Roxbury and Boston, and has for many years been correspond- ent of the " Hartford Courant " over the name of " Templeton." This connection was suggested by a friend, another famous litterateur, W. S. Robinson, known more familiarly as "Warrington." Mr. Monroe has made the nom de plume " Templeton " of ecpial prominence in the literary world. MONROE. MONTAGUE. 421 For four years he was the Boston corre- spondent of the "New York Tribune." In 187 1 he became connected with the " Satur- day Evening Gazette " of Boston, and was its chief editorial writer for thirteen years, when he joined the staff of the " Boston Herald," as correspondent and editorial writer. He was correspondent for the "Boston Herald" from the New Orleans Fair, in i884-'S5, and in 1886 from Cali- fornia, Oregon and Washington Territory. He still holds the position of correspondent of the " Hartford Courant," which probably gives him the longest consecutive service of any .American writer as a newspaper correspondent for one paper. GEORGE H MONROE. On the 25th of October, 1853, Mr. Monroe was married to Alice Maria, daugh- ter of Dr. William and Alice (Brazer) Ingalls, They have four sons and one daughter : William Ingalls, George F^llis, .'Mice Ingalls, John Ingalls, and Cliarles Edward Monroe. Mr. Monroe has resided in Ro.xbury since 1863, where he is well known and highly esteemed by a large circle of friends. He has served as president of the Ro.xbury Athenajum, and is one of the board of trustees of the " Fellowes Athenaeum." Mr. Monroe's writings are always able, scholarly and entertaining. His views are broad, his criticisms fair, his compliments just. He has the true instinct of a jour- nalist in the graceful presentation of that which should instruct as well as entertain. MONTAGUE, Sa.MUEL L., the son of Simeon and Sybil Montague, was born in Montague, Franklin county. May 4, 1829. He is the great grandson of Major Rich- ard Montague, who fought in the revolu- tionary war. Samuel L. Montague received his early education in the common .schools and at the academy in Hopkinton, finishing at the Baptist Academy at Worcester. He re- sided with his parents at Montague and at North Leverett until 1837, when he re- moved with them to Michigan, about twenty miles west of Jackson. In the fall of 1839 he returned with his father's family to Massachusetts. In 1846 he went to Boston and entered a West India goods store, at the corner of Pearl and Purchase streets, as clerk. In 1854 Mr. Montague went into business for himself, commencing, with his present partner, a concern that has grown into a commission business of no small propor- tions, having been carried on without inter- ruption, ancl steadily increased for the last thirty-four years. He made Boston his residence from 1846 to '55, then removed to Brighton, where he reiuained till 1859, in which year he changed his home to Cambridge, where he still resides. He is a member of Mizpah Lodge of Free Masons of Cambridge : was master of the lodge i876-'77 ; member of Cambridge Royal Arch Chapter, Boston Council of R. & S. Masters, and De Molay Encamp- ment of Knights Templar. He served si.x years in the city government of Cam- bridge — 1873-'74, in the common coun- cil ; i875-'76, in the board of aldermen ; was twice elected and served as mayor, i878-'79. In 1877 he was elected one of the commissioners of the sinking fund, which position he resigned on being elected mayor. In 1881 he was elected one of the trustees of the Cambridge public library, and since that date has been chairman of the board. He was one of the originators of the Charles River Street Railway Company, and one of its directors ; and also a director in several other business organizations. He was elected presidential elector on the Republican ticket, in 1884, from the 5th congressional district, and in 1885 was appointed by the civil service commission- ers of Massachusetts, one of the board of examiners for the city of Cambridge ; was elected chairman of the board, which 4^^ MOODY. MOODY. position he still holds. He is a member of the New England Historic Genealogi- cal Society ; is one of the trustees of the Cambridgeport Savings Bank, and also one of the directors of the Longfellow Memorial Association. Mr. Montague was selected by Frederick H. Rindge, as one of a committee of five citizens of Cambridge to assist in carrying into effect his munificent gifts to that citv. SAMUEL L MONTAGUE He is extensively interested in the man- ufacture of wootl-pulp, is one of the direct- ors, also treasurer and manager of the Penobscot Chemical Fibre Company of West Great Works, one of the largest manufactories of the kind in this countrv; also of the Piscataquis Falls Pulp & Paper Company, of Montague, Maine. Mr. Montague married, December 23, 1852, Annie Maria Burchsted, of Boston. She died September 12, 1854. He marrieil again. May 4, 1856, Mary Elizabeth Burch- sted. He has three children : AnnieSybil, Charles Hibbard, and Mary Noyes Mon- tague. MOODY, DWIGHT Lyman, son of Ed- win and I5etsey (Holton) Moody, was born in Northfield, Franklin county, Feb- ruary 5, 18,37. He is of old Puritan stock, his ancestors being numbered among the earliest settlers of the State. He was brought up a Unitarian, and had never been under evangelical in- fluences until he was seventeen vears of age. His father was a farmer in rather straitened circumstances. He died sud- denly when the son was only four years old. The young lad was able to obtain only a limited education. As a boy he was healthy, boisterous and self-willed — a leader among his playmates, but by no means a promising scholar, his head being tilled with play and mischief. When seventeen years of age he went to Boston, to be trained for business in the establishment of his uncle; and going one day to the church of the late I3r. Kirk, for the first time to an evangelical sermon, it had the effect of making him uncomfort- able, and he resolved not to go again. Something induced him, however, and the previous impressions were deepened. When eighteen years of age he was a clerk in a shoe store in Boston, and a member of the Mount Vernon church Sunday-school, in a class taught by Ed- ward Kimliall. The influence of his teacher, and the interest enhanced by con- versation with him, determined him in mak- ing a public profession of faith, with which view he applied for admission to the church, May 16, 1855. In September, 1856, he accepted a situation in a shoe store in Chicago, and on his first Sunday there he sought out a mission school, and offered his services as a teacher. He was informed that the .school had a full supply of teachers, but if he would gather a class he might occupv a seat in the school-room. The ne.xt Sabbath he appeared with eigh- teen boys, and a place was assigned him for his raw recruits. On that day he un- folded his theory of how to reach the masses — "Go for them." Soon after this he rented a saloon that held two hundred persons, in order to hold prayer-meetings and Sabbath-school services. It was in such a rough neighborhood, that during service it was necessary to have policemen guard the door and building. But he toiled on until the winter of i857-'58, when a powerful revival led to the forma- tion of the V. M. C. A. of Chicago, and the establishment of a daily union prayer- meeting, in which work Mr. iMoody was the principal motor. He soon after this felt called to give up his situation in Chicago, and go out into the southern part of the state to aid the work of Christian enter- prise. In 1863 his work had assumed such magnitude that a large and commo- dious tabernacle was erected in Chicago, MOODY. MOORE. 423 costing twenty thousand dollars, to whicli everyone was invited, and where a free gospel was dispensed. Other tabernacles were built for Mr. Moody in Boston, New York, Baltimore, Cleveland and many other cities, and for years the work of evanirelization was carried on in the large centres of population, crowds filling these immense auditoriums to listen to the words of Mr. Moody, and the singing of his co- worker, the well-known Ira D. Sankey. Mr. Moody has been a great benefactor to his native town. He has established a tluin-ishing school for girls, with all neces- sary buildings, including a fine library edifice. There are nearly four hundred pupils, representing all parts of the world, and the expenses are merely nominal. Op- posite this seminary, on the west bank of the Connecticut River, is the Mount Her- mon School for Boys, with about the same number of pupils, and conducted on very much the same plan. A thorough Chris- tian education for boys and girls, and a training that will fit them for the duties of life — this is the plan of his educational efforts. Mr. Moody was married, August 28, 1862, to Emma Revelle. Of this union were three children. MOODY, William Henry, son of Henry L. and Melissa N. (Emerson) Moody, was born in Newbury, Essex county, De- cember 23, 1853. He was educated in the common schools of Danvers and Salem, Phillips Academy, Andover, and Harvard College, graduating from tiie latter in the class of 1876. He then took a law course in Harvard law school, studied law with Richard H, Dana, and was admitted to the bar in 1878. Mr. Moody, while beingclosely identified with the interests of the Republican party, has been too busily engaged in the practice of his profession to admit of his accepting many of the positions of trust for which he has been prominently mentioned. He was a member of the Haverhill school board, and is at present city solicitor, a position which he has held for the past two years. Though comparatively young in years, Mr. Moody has attained that prominence in his chosen profe.ssion which entitles him to just recognition among the leading at- torneys of Essex county. He enjoys a large and lucrative practice, and commands a prominent position professionally in the city of his adoption. He favors only those methods in political work that are honorable, and while disdain- ing political preference or undue promi- nence, he has always been an earnest worker in advancing the interests of the Rejiublican party. Mr. Moody is unmarried. MOORE, Henry M., .son of Joseph .\. and Abigail (Mead) Moore, was born in North Brookfield, Worcester county, Janu- ary 17, 1829. He secured a common and high school education, and worked on his father's farm until he began his business career in 1853, as clerk for James \V. Lee i^v Co., wholesale hatters, Boston. In 1858 he went into the same business for himself, under the firm name of Moore, Smith & Co., which has become one of the leading houses in that line in the country ; the organization never having been changed except by the admission from time to time of three junior salesmen who had earned their promotion. Mr. Moore was married in Thompson, C'onn., in 1849, to Mary A., daughter of Leander M. and Gratia (Knapp) Earle. Of this union are six children : Abbie M., Mary G., Emma M., Carrie Mead, Harrie, and Henry Sylvester Moore. Mr. ^Foore is a deacon and the chairman of the parish committee of the Franklin Street Congregational church, Somerville, where he resides ; was superintendent of its Sunday-school for .some years ; has been a member of the Somerville school board thirteen years ; chairman of the Massachusetts state Sunday-school com- mittee ; chairman of the state committee of the Massachusetts Young Men's Chris- tian Association ; and a member of the international committee, Y. M. C. A. He is president of the Boston Hatters' Association ; trustee of the school of Christian \Yorkers, Springfield ; trustee of the Mt. Hermon school, and also of the Northfield Seminary, both under the pat- ronage of D. L. Moody ; director in the Somerville Electric Eight Company, and in the Standard Cordage Company, Boston. Deeply interested in Christian work, he gives a great deal of time to the Sunday- school, and is a leader in the affairs of the Young Men's Christian Association. He is a great admirer of Mr. Moody and his methods of s|5iritual work, and has traveled extensively with him. Mr. Moore's enthu- siasm and reputation are not confined to the bounds of his parish, but his voice is heard, and influence prayerfully given in other communities which have learned to respect his fidelity, and recognize his ability in religious training. 424 MOORE. MOORE. MOORE, Ira LORISTON, the eldest son of Ira and Mary Gordon (Brown) Moore, was born in Candia, Rockingham county, N. H., November 24, 1824. He is descended on his father's side from General Moore, one of Washington's generals, and on his mother's side he traces his lineage back to the Browns, linen merchants of London, England, who came to this country in 1637, and settled at Hampton, New Hampshire. In 1840 he went to Lowell, and after attending the public schools, he fitted for college under the late Hon. Harvey Jewell and the Rev. Dr. Cyrus Mann. He entered Amherst College in 1S47. After leaving college he studied medicine with Dr. John AVheelock Graves of Lowell, and entering the Jefferson Medical College at Philadel- phia, was graduated at the head of his class of two hundred and twentv-seven. IRA L, MOORE. After graduating he went into co-part- nership with Dr. Graves, and after a year or more went into business for himself, and by close attention and remarkable skill in his profession, he soon attained a practice equal to that of any physician in Lowell. Dr. Moore was particularly successful in the treatment of typhoid fever, cholera, cholera infantum, cases of poisoning, and midwifery. In 1856 Dr. Moore w'as elected a repre- sentative to the Legislature from Lowell, being the first Republican who was elected in Middlesex county, who had not been a member of the American party. In 1858 he received the nomination of state senator, but was defeated in the election by Gen- eral B. F. Butler, by a small vote. He was twice elected director of the Lowell public library. In i860 Dr. Moore removed to Boston, where for ten years he practiced his profes- sion. He has been twice a delegate to the national medical convention. In 1861 he was elected a member of the school com- mittee of Boston for three years. In 1865, '66, '70, and '71 Dr. Moore was elected from Boston as a representative to the Legislature. While in the Legislature in 1857 from Lowell, Dr. Moore was the chief advocate of the filling of the Back Bay district of the city of Boston. The magnificent collection of buildings, both public and private, now standing upon that territory, at an assessed valuation of over one hundred million dollars, attests the wis- dom and far-sighted public spirit of those to whom the city of Boston is indebted for one of the choicest portions of her domains. In 1868 Dr. Moore gave up the practice of his profession and embarked in speculation in real estate, and for twenty years he has been one of a few of the largest operators in vacant land in the city of Boston. January 1, 1873, Dr. Moore married Charlotte Maria, daughter of the late Daniel and Maria Marble (Martin) Chamberlin, and the issue of the marriage were two children : Charlotte Lillian and Daniel Loriston Moore, the latter dying at the age of two years. Mrs. Moore died September 9, 1887. At the death of her father, which took place in 1879, Dr. Moore was appointed, under the will, chairman of the e.\ecutors and trustees of the Chamberlin estate, and with the other trustees soon decided to demolish the old .^dams House, and to erect the present magnificent hotel now standing on the old site. Dr. Moore has been an active member of the Odd Fellows for nearly thirty years, and during that time has filled all of the highest offices, both in the lodge and in the encampment. In 1888 he was elected a member of the Boston common council. He has retired from active business, e.x- cept to look after his own, and the trust estates of which he has charge. He has ever been a man positive in the expression of his opinion, and has displayed great MORRISON. MORSE. 425 executive ability in tlie many positions of honor and trust to wliich he has been called. MORRISON, John H., son of John and Bridget (McCaffrey) Morrison, was born in Westford, Middlesex county, De- cember 23, 1S56. He passed through the public schools of ^Vestford and Lowell, \\'estford .\cademy and Lowell high school, there fitting for Harvard College. He entered Harvard in 1874, but owing to sickness was unable to com[)lete the course ; entered the Harvard law school, and was graduated in the class JOHN H. MORRISON. of 1878; read law with William H. An- derson, of Lowell ; was admitted to the Massachusetts bar, October, 1879, and immediately began practice on his own account. Mr. Morrison was married in Lowell, June 30, 1S84, to Margaret L., daughter of James and Esther (Quade) Owen. They have no children. Mr. Morrison has been president of nearly all the Catholic organizations in the city, including the Irish National League ; was a delegate to Philadelphia at the time of the national convention of the Irish National League ; was elected to the Lowell school board when twenty-one years of age ; elected to the House of Representatives at the age of t went v -two years, and to the Senate at twenty-four. He was the first Democrat appointed as chairman of the probate and chancery com- mittee on the part of the Senate. He has been for several years a member of the Democratic state central committee. He has been fortunate in never having been defeated for any office for which he has been nominated. He enjoys a large and lucrative practice, and is a favorite of the young Democracy. MORSE, Asa PORTER, son of Daniel and Sarah (Morse) Morse, was born in Haverhill, Grafton county, N. H., Septem- ber I, 1818. He is a lineal descendant in the seventh generation from Anthony Morse, who came from Marlborough, Wiltshire, England, and settled in Newbury, in 1635. His father, Daniel Morse, was the son of Dan- iel and Miriam (Hoyt) Morse, who was horn in Newbury, and afterwards removed to Amesbury, and finally settled at Bridge- water, N. H., and died there February 25, 1826; the son of Benjamin and Marga- ret (Bartlett) Morse, of Newbury and Amesbury, about 1730; the .son of Wil- liam and' Sarah (Merrill) Morse of New- bury ; the son of Benjamin and Ruth (Sawyer) Morse of Newbury ; the son of Anthony Morse, the emigrant settler. His mother, the daughter of Benjamin and Ra- chel (Webster) Morse, was born October 8, 1777, in Concord, N. H., and died Jan- uary 22, 1834. Mr. Morse came to Boston in 1840, then about twenty years of age, and began business life as book-keeper in the house of Hayward & Morse, who were engaged in the Provincial and West India trade. In a few years he had accumulated suffi- cient capital to begin business for himself, supplying parties in the West Indies with goods for their plantations, and later on manufacturing staves for shipment to Cadiz and other ports, also shooks for the West Indies, etc., in which he employed a large number of men, and in the conduct of which he was eminently successful. In 1845 he removed to Cambridge, where he has ever since resided, becoming largely interested in real estate operations and in building. ]'"or many years he has been connected with the banks of Cambridge as director and trustee; also director of the Cambridge Hospital, the Cambridge Fire Insurance Company, and other local institutions. He has been a member of the school board fif- teen years, and for the past six years presi- 426 MORSE. MOUSE. dent of the Cambridgeport National Bank. He has accepted positions of pubhc trust only at the earnest sohcitation of his fellow-citizens. He was alderman in 1866, and a member of the House of Representatives in 1869 and '73, holding places on important com- mittees, and declining a re-election. In 1S79 he was a member of the state Senate, ASA P. MORSE. serving as chairman on the joint committee on prisons, and also on the committee on claims. The committee on prisons were called upon to Revise the entire system of prison supervision — a very important and difficult duty. Under the lead of Mr. Morse a new system was perfected, which has proved complete and satisfactory, and the law of 1879 is acknowledged to be a superior piece of legislation. His ability in this direction made him chairman of the special committee on convict law, which investigated that subject in the summer and fall of 1879. The report was e.x- haustive and valuable, and settled many questions which had before been in con- troversy. Mr. Morse was re-elected to the Senate in 1880 by an unusual majority ; again placed at the head of the committee on prisons, and also on the committee on edu- cation and on expenditures. The prison committee were successful, inaugurating many measures of prison reform, there having been no important legislation re- garding prisons for nearly fifty years. The establishment of a reformatory for men was the only important measure proposed which failed. Its success in passing the Senate was due largely to the efforts of Mr. Morse. Though not a leader in debate, Mr. Morse is an effective speaker, concise and convincing in the presentation of a sub- ject. In enterprises for the advancement of the interests of the city, and in all pub- lic services, he has proved himself to be the very best type of the Massachusetts- citizen. Mr. Morse was married July 13, 1845, t(i Dorcas Louisa, daughter of Thomas W. and Elizabeth (Wells, widow) Short. Mrs. Morse died in 1864. Of this union were three children : Mary Louisa (Mrs. Charles \V. Jones), Velma Maria, and Ar- thur Porter .Morse (deceased). MORSE, BUSHROD, son of \\'illard and Eliza ((Hover) Morse, was born in Sharon, Norfolk county, August 24, 1837. Mr. Morse's parents were the descend- ants of a long line of New England ances- try which counted on its roll many a name known to fame. Among them were Pro- fessor Samuel F. B. Morse, inventor of the magnetic telegraph ; James Kent, Chief Justice and renowned commentator ; Dr. l''ranklin, Fisher Ames, (leneral (ilover, I'klward Everett, and Charlotte Cushman. He attended the public schools of his native town ; fitted for college in Provi- dence Conference Seminary, and Pierce Academy, Middleborough, during the years 1853, 'S4, 'S5 and '56 ; entered Amherst College, September, 1856, without condi- tion, and left during the first year, being obliged to abandon the remainder of his collegiate course on account of ill health. He chose the profession of law, and studied in North Easton and Boston ; was admitted to the Suffolk bar in October, 1864, and has practiced law in Boston ever since, having, however, alwavs retained his residence in his native town on the old Morse homestead, near Lake Massapoag, a large and picturesque estate which has descended to him and his brothers from their great grandfather, Gilead Morse, an English soldier under General Wolfe, who purchased it on his return from the French war in i 764. • In politics Mr. Morse is a pronounced Democrat, and has performed conspicuous service for his party. A\'hen questions of MORSE. MORSE. 427 thf public good, simjily, are at issue, party lines fail to hedge iiini in or cnntrnl his action. Mr. Morse has been chairman of the Sharon school board; was a member of the House of Representatives in 1870, '83 and '84, serving on important committees ; was chairman of the committee on probate and chancery 1884 ; has been a member of the ] )emocratic state central committee: is now, and has been for ten years, ciiairman of the Nt)rfolk county Democratic committee ; was a presidential elector in 1884, and a can- didate for same in 1888 ; was a delegate to the national Democratic convention at Cin- cinnati in 1880, which nominated Cieneral Hancock for president ; was a candidate for Congress in the 2d district against John D. Long in 1886 ; carried Norfolk county by 233 majority, and was defeated in the dis- trict by only 1,822 votes. He has been justice of the peace since 1864, when he was first appointed by Governor .Viidrew. BUSHROD MORSE. Mr. Morse taught school in his early manhood for several yeans, thus earning money wherewith to meet his expenses while pursuing his preparatory studies. He is now devoted to the legal profession, an incessant worker, a good lawyer, a man of strict integrity and unflinching determina- tion. \Vhile in the Legislature he always supported and ably advocated the passage of all measures calculated to advance the best interests of the working classes, and his addresses on the subject of tariff reform have attracted attention and been published in the leading newspapers of the country. Mr. Morse was married in Windsor, Nova Scotia, September 29, 187 1, to Gertie S., daughter of James and Sarah A. (Loonier) Gertridge, who died in Boston, February 5, i87(). MORSE, Charles D., son of Leonard and Remember (Meacham) Morse, was born in Woodstock, Winilham county. Conn., November i, 1S27. His education was limited to the meagre advantages offered in the public schools of his native town. In 1S50 he came to Millbury, and in 1852 entered into partnership with '1'. S. FuUam, under the firm name of FuUam, Morse & Co., for the manufacture of sashes, blinds and doors, and ornamental house-furnish- ings. In 1854 the firm was changed to .\rmsby & Morse, and in 1871, Mr. Morse haying purchased the interest of his part- ner, to C. D. Morse & Co., which has re- mained to the present time. Mr. Morse was married in ^Vorcester, < )ctober 27, 1864, to Anna E., daughter of I'itzroy and Frances G. (Blake) Willard. ( )f this union were four children : Frances \\'., Charles H., Anna L., and Mary L. Morse. Mr. Mor.se was elected a director in the .Millbury National Bank in 1863, and in 1879 was made president, which office he now holds. He is president of the Mill- bury P'.lectric Company, also vice-president of the Millbury Savings Bank and of the Worcester Mechanics' E.xchange. He has held all the prominent town offices, includ- ing that of assessor and selectman. Mr. Morse was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives in 1873. MORSE, Charles Francis, son of Lyman and Lydia (Brigham) Morse, w'as born in Framingham, Middlesex county, lanuary 16, 1832. He was educated in the common schools. His commencement in business was as book-seller, stationer, and dealer in fancy- goods and patent metlicines. This busi- ne.ss he continued from 1857 to '60, in Marlborough. At the outbreak of the civil war Mr. Morse enlisted in company F, 13th Massa- chusetts volunteers, and as 2d and ist lieutenant, served from July 16, 1861, to .\ugust 30, 1862. He was captain and 428 MORSE. MORSE. commissary of subsistence, United States volunteers, from August 30, 1862, to iSIa}^ 1865. Captain Morse was on duty at Hagers- town, Md., from October, 1861, to April, 1862, as depot commissary of subsistence, and provost marshal. After the retreat of (General Banks from the Shenandoah Val- ley, he was detailed by the quartermaster department to collect all the stores scat- tered through the valley. He was depot quartermaster at Martinsburgh, W. Va., from June to August, 1862 ; depot commis- sary of subsistence at Chicago from June, 1864, to March, 1865 ; appointed inspec- tor of subsistence department for all the armies operating against Richmond in April, 1865, but declined on account of disabilities, and tendered his resignation, which was accepted in May, 1865. He was commander of Post 43, G. A. R., from 1867 to '69. Mr. Morse was married in Woonsocket, R. I., October 16, 1855, to Angeline H., daughter of Lambert and Emily F. (Dick- inson) Bigelow. Of this union are two children : Edith F. and Faith E. Morse, the former married and living in Marl- borough, and the latter studying music in Italy. After the war Mr. Morse was engaged in the grocery and provision business, and from 1869 to '73 was in Troy, N. Y., and New York City. His present calling is editor of the " Marlborough Times," which position he has held since he became its owner and controlling spirit in 1877. This paper, while published in one of the interior towns of the State, has, under the peculiar- ly able and versatile management of the editor, achieved a recognized position of originality and power outside the confines of Marlborough. Mr. Morse wields an intelligent, caustic pen — a foe to pretense and hypocrisy, a friend to truth and genuine reform. Mr. Morse has been deputy sheriff for Middlesex county since 1873, and also an auctioneer and real estate agent in the town of Marlborough, where he resides. MORSE, Charles William, son of Charles C. and Sarah (Jackman) Morse, was born in Haverhill, Essex county, April 21, 1851. He was educated in the commo'u schools. When sixteen years old he entered the employ of the Haverhill Aqueduct Com- pany, as boy, and gradually rose from this position to that of superintendent and manager, which he attained in 1872, and now holds. Mr. Morse has always been prominently identified with the politics of his city and state, and the high esteem in which he is held is proven by the fact that although an ardent Democrat, he has been repeat- edly elected to office from the strongest Republican districts of Haverhill. Mr. Morse has been chairman of the Democratic city committee since 1874 ; was a member of the common council 1877, '78 and '79, and its president the last two years. He was a member of the board of aldermen 1880 ; member of the school board from 1881 to '87 ; member of the board of assessors 1887, '88, and '89 ; is treasurer and general manager of the Hav- erhill Electric Company ; treasurer of the Haverhill Steamboat Company ; director in the Haverhill Iron Works, the Merri- mac Valley Steamboat Company, and the Haverhill board of trade. Mr. Morse was married in New Market, N. H., September, 1885, to Mary S., daughter of George A. and Abby (Shack- ford) Bennett. They have one child : Kate N. Morse. MORSE, Elijah Adams, son of Abner and Hannah Peck Morse, was born May 25, 1 84 1, in South Bend, St. Joseph county, Ind. In early boyhood he removed to Massachusetts, the home of his ancestors, and has there passed the greater portion of his life. He belongs to an old New Eng- land family, whose founder, Samuel Morse, settled at Dedham in 1637. His father (Abner) was a clergyman, a gentleman of refinement and culture. Mr. Morse's middle name, " Adams," comes from the marriage of Joseph Morse, of Sherborn, with Prudence Adams, of Braintree, now Quincy, and he is a distant relative of Presidents John and John Quincy Adams. Beginning his education in the public schools of Sherborn and Holliston, he attended later the well-known Boylston school in Boston, and Onondaga Academy in New York State. He had just left school when the civil war broke out, and at nineteen he enlisted and went to the front as a private in com- pany A, 4th Massachusetts infantry. On leaving the army, Mr. Morse joined with his brother in establishing what have grown to be the extensive works for the manufac- ture of the "Rising Sun Stove Polish," in Canton, of which business house he is now the sole proprietor. Mr. Morse has served in the House of Representatives ; been twice elected to the state Senate ; was elected a member of Governor Ames's council in 1887 ; and in MOKSE. MORSE. 429 '8S, while councilor, was elected to repre- sent his congressional district as the suc- cessor of Governor Long in the 51st Con- gress, by a plurality of 3,684 votes. He is a leader in the cause of temperance, on which subject he has made hundreds of addresses during the last decade. He is a philanthropist, and a warm supporter of every genuine effort for social reform. He is interested in all matters pertaining to the ]iublic school question, and participated in the great meeting held in Tremont Temple, Boston, Jidy 29, 188S, earnestly pleading for our free public educational institutions, and against any movement looking toward ^i>.i--^;' yLi"J.SViiE" ELIJAH A, MORSE. the establishment of sectarian schools. Mr. Morse gave his town the ground for the memorial hall, in memory of those who fell in the war for the Union, and has shown his public spirit in every movement for the advancement of his chosen residence. Mr. Morse was married January i, 1868, to Felicia, daughter of Samuel A. Vining, of Holbrook. Of this union are three chil- dren living : Abner, Samuel, and Benjamin. MORSE, Godfrey, was born at \\'ach- enheim, Bavaria, May 19, 1846, and came to this country while a lad of tender years, and immediately entered upon a thorough course of public school instruction. He was a brilliant scholar, and completed full courses at the Brimmer grammar, the Eng- lish high, and the public Latin schools. He e.xhibited quite an early proclivity for the law, and his tastes in this direction were carefully cultivated. After concluding his studies in the public schools, he was sent to Harvard College, where he graduated in 1870, receiving the degree of A. B. He then entered the Harvard law school, graduating as LL. B. in 1872. Mr. Morse immediately began practice. As assistant counsel for the United States in the court of commissioners of the Alabama claims, in 1882, '83, and '84, he proved himself fully equipped for the most complicated of legal controversies ; and as attorney for Jordan, Marsh & Co., in the famous cloak- house cases in New York, he earned special honors. Mr. Morse has an extensive prac- tice in mercantile cases ; and among the special concerns whom he represents are the American Surety Company, the Brush Electric Lighting Company, and many of the large mercantile firms of Boston and New York. Mr. Morse was a member of the Boston school committee for three years, from 1876 to '78 inclusive. Durmg 1882 and '83 he was a member of the Boston common council, and was president of the council in 1883, and a trustee of the public library. At present he is one of the commissioners for building the new court-house for Suf- folk county. As trustee and clerk of the Boston Home for Incurables, vice-president of the Boston Home for Aged and Infirm Hebrews, and trustee of the Boston Dental College, he has been and is a respected and trusted servant. He is a brother of Hon. Leopold Morse, ex-member of Congress. Mr. Godfrey Morse is unmarried. MORSE, John Torrey, Jr., son of John Torrey and Lucy Cabot ( Jackson) Morse, was born in Boston, January 9, 1S40. In early boyhood he attended the school then kept in the basement of the Park Street church by Thomas Russell Sullivan, a member of the historical Sullivan family of Massachusetts. He afterwards attended the school of Epes Sargent Dixwell. Here he fitted for Harvard College, from which he was graduated in the class of i860. He immediately entered the law office of Hon. John Lowell, Boston, since then judge of the United States district and circuit courts. After two years of study there, he was admitted to the bar, at twenty-two years of age. His tastes, how- ever, led him into lines of work more con- 430 MORSE. MORTON. sonant to his genius ; the)' were literary, and while in the practice of law he was writing more or less for newspapers, maga- zines and reviews. He wrote two profes- sional works, "The Law of Banks and Banking," which has just reached its third edition, and " The Law of Arbitration and Award." He wrote for the " American Law Review " many articles on various criminal trials, such as the Tichborne, Prince Napoleon, Troppman, Mrs. ^Vharton, and many others. Many of them were after- wards collected and published in one volume, by Little, Brown & Co. Mr. Morse wrote the " Life of Ale.xander Ham- ilton," two volumes, published by the same house. He was for several years a constant contributor, chiefly of leading articles, to the "Boston Daily Advertiser," when edited by Prof. Dunbar, and after- wards by Mr. Goddard. He has been a valued contributor to the " Saturday Re- view " and to " Eraser's Magazine " (Eng- land), to the "North American Review^" the "Atlantic," and the "Nation." In the winter of iSyg-'So he finally re- tired from the practice of law. Since that time he has been chiefly emploved in literature. For four years, in conjunction with Henry Cabot Lodge, he edited the " International Review." Latterly Mr. Morse has been editing the series of " Lives of American Statesmen," for Houghton, Mifflin & Co. His own con- tributions to this thus far have been the biographies of John Adams, Thomas Jef- ferson, John Quincy Adams, and Benjamin Franklin. Mr. Morse was a member of the House of Representatives in 1875, elected by a coalition of dissatisfied Republicans with the Democrats of ward 6, Boston. He declined a re-election. He is now serving a second term as a member of the board of overseers of Harvard University. He is a trustee of the Boston Athensum, and a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society. In 1865 he married Fanny, daughter of (leorge O. Hovey, of Boston. Of this imion are two sons : Cabot Jackson and John Torrey Morse. MORSE, Nathan, son of Nathan and Sally ((lilman) Morse, was born in Moul- tonborough, Carroll county, N. H., July 24, 1824. He was directly in the line of two of the oldest and best families of New Hampshire. The first thirteen years of his life were passed on his father's farm, attending pub- lic schools the usual time allotted to farm boys in country districts. At this time, a fire having destroyed all the farm build- ings, the family removed to the village, where his father was appointed postmaster, holding the position for twenty consecutive years. At the age of eighteen, Nathan, Jr., was appointed assistant-postmaster — a po- sition he held until he came to Boston in 1843. He studied medicine some months after coming to Boston, under the direction of his elder brother, then in the Harvard med- ical school. Not finding medicine suited to his tastes, he decided to make the law his profession. In 1845 he entered the Har- vard law school, and devoted two years to its study, graduating in 1847. During these years he was entirely de- pendent upon-his own earnings for his sup- port, with the help of such sums as a friend was able to loan him toward the payment of his tuition fees ; but by persistent industry and economy, and that courage and self- reliance which has ever characterized him, he overcame all difficulties in his path, and soon after graduation was admitted to the Suffolk bar. Entering at once upon the practice of his profession in Boston in 1852, he formed a partnership with Hon. Ambrose A. Ran- ney, under the firm name of Ranney & Morse. This relation continued for many years, and the firm became one of the most prominent in the State. He has risen rapidly in the ranks of his profession, and has a large clientage and lucrative prac- tice. His business is largely in the courts, as senior counsel in the trial of causes. He commands the confidence of the bench and the bar. Mr. Morse has never accepted public office, with a single exception — that of common councilman in 1863 — his entire time and strength being given to his chosen work. Adhering to the faith of his father, he has for many years been a mem- ber of the Old South churcii. Mr. Morse was married in Boston, No- vember 18, 185 1, to Sarah, daughter of Daniel Deshon. Of this union were two children : Fannie Deshon and Edward Ciilman Morse. MORTON, Marcus, .son of Marcus and Charlotte (Hodges) Morton, was born in Taunton, Bristol county, April 8, 1819. His early education was accomplished in the public schools of his native town, and he fitted for college at the Bristol County Academy, entering Brown Univer- sity, Providence, R. I., 1834, from which he was graduated in the class of 1838. He .MOWRV. MOWkY. 431 Studied law in the Harvard law scliool, and later with the iirni of Sprague & Gray. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1841, and at once began practice in ]!oston. On the 19th of October, 1843, at Provi- dence, Mr. Morton married Abby 15., daughter of Henrv and .Vmv (Harris) Hoppin. Their children are : Amy, who married William Charnley ; Charlotte, who married Frank A. Mullany ; i\Iary, who married Clarence Whitman ; Abby, who married David B. Douglass; Lorania Car- rington, and Marcus Morton, Jr. He changed his place of residence to .\ndover in 1850, and represented the town in the Constitutional Convention of 1853. In 185S he was sent as representative to the General Court, where he served as chairman of the committee on elections, and the same year was appointed justice of the superior court of Suffolk county. In 1859 he was appointed justice of the superior court of the State, which position he held till his appointment, 1869, as asso- ciate justice of the supreme juilicial court of the State. This office he held until, in 1882, he was appointed by Governor Long to fdl the position of Chief Justice, made vacant by the resignation of Horace Gray, who had been, by President Arthur, aji- pointed associate justice of the supreme court of the United States. Judge Morton is a man whose clear in- sight and practical knowledge of men have won for him enviable distinction in the legal records of the community. MOWRY, WlLLIA.M A., sun of Jonathan and Hannah (Bra\'tiin) Mowry, was born in U.xbridge, ^\'orcester county, August 13, 1829. His father died when he was three years of age, and for the next ten years he lived with his grandfather. P'rom that time till he was eighteen he averaged four months of .schooling per year, and earned his living by his own efforts. At eighteen he began to teach school in ungraded countrv districts, and taught in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. He subsequently taught the graded grammar school in W'hitinsville for tvvo3"ears. Leav- ing this school in the autumn of 185 1, he entered Phillips Academy, Andover, and prepared for college, entering Brown Uni- versity in 1854, where he remained two years, ill health compelling him to give uji .study for a time. In 1857 he became editor and proprietor of the " Rhode Island Schoolmaster," a jiKUithlv magazine ilevoted to the interests of teachers. This he continued three years. In the spring of 1858 he married Caro- line E., daughter of Ezekiel and Eliza (Daniels) Aldrich, of W'oonsocket, R. I. ( )f this union were three children : Walter Herbert, Arthur May, and Ruth F,meline Mowry. The same year he was appointed teacher in the Providence high school. In 1859 he was made principal of the F>nglish de- partment of the high school, which position he held for five years. He enlisted as private in the iith regi- ment, Rhode Island infantry, September, 1862. He was promoted to a captaincy, and assigned to the command of company K, served through the period of enlistment, and was mustered out at the expiration of his term of service. In 1864 he established a jirivate school for boys in Providence, having for a time associated with him John J. Ladd, and then for twenty years Charles B. Goff. This school was called the English and Classical school, and soon rose in numbers and im- portance until it took rank with the fore- most schools in the country. In 1884 Mr. Mowry removed from Provi- dence to Boston, and became the editor of the " New England Journal of Flducation." In 1886 he established himself as the editor and publisher of a well-known monthly magazine entitled " Education," and in January, 1887, began the publication of a magazine entitled " Common School Edu- cation." At present he is the president of a corporation for carrying on the publish- ing business, called " The Eastern Fxluca- tional Bureau." He received the degree of A. M. from Brown University in 1866, and in 1882 the degree of Ph. I), from Bates College, Lewiston, Me. Dr. Mowry has filled many offices, princi- pally of an educational character. He has l)een superintendent of schools, Cranston, R. I.; member of the school board. Provi- dence, six years, and is now a member of the lloston school board ; was president of Rhode Island Institute of Instruction ; of the American Institute of Instruction; and of the higher department of the National F^ducational Association ; was president for two years of the Congregational Club, Providence ; is president of the Martha's \'ineyard Summer Institute ; has been jiresident of the Massachusetts Council of the American Institute of Civics ; is a member of the American Association for the .-Vdvancement of Science; a member of the National Council of Education ; of the 43 : MOXOM. MUDGE. New England Historic Genealogical Soci- ety ; corresponding member of the Rhode Island Historical Society, and of the Oregon Historical and Pioneer Society, and New Hampshire Antiquarian Society. He is the author of various books ; among others, "Studies in Civil (Government," "Talks with My Boys," " The First American Steamboat." He is a member of the G. A. R. His religious connections are with the Congre- gational church. MOXOM, Philip S., was born in Mark- ham, Canada, August lo, 1848. He was origmally registered as Philander S., but upon the completion of his military service, while yet a minor, with the full consent of his parents, the first name was changed PHILIP S. MOXOM. to Philip. He removed with his parents, when quite a child, to Ogle county, 111. He received his early education at De Kalb, 111. In January, 1862, he went out with the ySth Illinois regiment, as "boy" to Capt. Bewley, and was present at the battle of Fort Donelson. On October 3, 1863, at the age of fifteen, he enlisted in the 17th Illinois cavalry, and served until honorably discharged, November 28, 1865. He entered Kalamazoo College, Michigan, January i, 1866, and while tliere accepted the gospel of Christ, and was baptized into the fellowship of the Battle Creek church by his father, the Rev. J. H. Moxom. In the autumn of 1868 he entered Shurtleff College, where he remained until 1870, when he returned to Michigan to teach. Early in 1871 he engaged in the study of law, but in a little while, under pressure of solicitations to preach, abandoned that for the ministry. His first settlement was at Bellevue, Mich., where he received ordi- nation September 19, 1871. He was married September 6, 187 1, to Isabel, daughter of Hon. Adam Elliott, of Barry county, Mich., and has four children living : Philip Wilfred Travis, Howard Osgood, Edith Knowles, and Ralph Pendle- ton Mo.xoni. In October, 1872, he became the pastor of the church at Albion, Mich., and in 1875 removed to Rochester, N. Y., to pursue theological studies. During the period of his studies in Rochester, he was pastor of the Baptist church at Mount Morris. He was called in November, 1878, to the pastorate of the First Baptist church, Cleveland, O., which he assumed on April i, 1879. In June, 1879, he was graduated with the degree of A. B. from the university of Rochester, and three years later received the degree of A. M. In June, 1885, a cordial and unanimous call was given him from the First Baptist church at Boston. He accepted the call, and was installed pastor on the 7th of Oc- tober, 1885, which position he still holds. He is a clear thinker, an incisive writer, and a fearless and magnetic speaker. MUDGE, Augustus, son of Amos and Sarah (Wilson) Mudge, was born in Danvers, Esse.x county, August 21, 1820. His youth was spent upon the farm when not at school. He received his education at academies in Hancock and Hampton Falls, N. H. Having prepared himself for teaching, he commenced in 1842, in his native town, and taught six successive years. On January i, 1849, he formed a partnership with his brother Edwin, for the manufacture of shoes, and since then has given it his principal attention, being at present a member of the firm of ¥.. & A. Mudge & Company, boot and shoe manufacturers, Danvers. October 3, 1843, at Danvers, Mr. Mudge was married to Luc}' Ann, daughter of Benjamin and Clarissa J. Wentworth, of Danvers. Benjamin Wentworth was for- merly the governor of New Hampshire. Their surviving children are : Clara Helen (born September 22, 1847), Pamelia Joce- Ivn (born September 27, 1849), Lucius MUUGE. MURl'lIV. 433 Augustus (born October 4, 1S52), and Mary Hranian (born March 20, i860). Mr. Mudge has served on the school board of Danvers for ten years, is presi- dent of the Danvers Savings Bank and trustee of Danvers Insane Asylum. In 1S82 he was a member of the state Senate, serving on the committees on education, woman suffrage, and public charitable institutions. He is at present a member of the executive council of (Governor -Vmes. His church connections are with the First Congregational church in Dan- vers, having been superintendent of the Sabbath-school for forty years. The family of Mudge is of considerable antiquity in English history, the name being originally written " Mugge " (pro- nounced with soft "g "), and may be found on record as early as the close of the four- teenth century. Augustus Mudge is a direct descendant of Jarvis Mudge, one of the thirty-six grantees or planters to whom home lots were granted in New London, Conn., in the year 1649. Jarvis Mudge was born in England, came to this country about the year 1638, was in Boston that year, in Hartford in 1640, in Weathers- field in 1644, and removed to Pequot, now New London, in 1649, where he died in 1653- MUDGE,. John Green, son of John and Sarah (Field) Mutlge, was born in Winchester, Cheshire county, N. H., Manli 26, 1823. His educational training was obtained in the common schools of his native town and in Deertield Academy. In March, 1847, he entered business life for himself in the firm of Wetherell & Mudge, in Pe- tersham, conducting a country store, and manufacturing palm-leaf hats. This part- nership was dissolved in 1875 by the death of the senior partner, and since then Mr. .Mudge has not been in active business. Mr. Mudge was married in Petersham, his present residence, December 7, 1848, to Eliza Ann, daughter of Sampson and Lucy (Kendall) Wetherell. Of this union were three children : Arthur C, Mary Eliza, and Ruth Wetherell Mudge. Mr. Mutlge was a member of the House of Representatives, 1856, '58, and '65; and was a member of the state Senate, 1867 and '68. He has been treasurer of Peter- sham the past twenty years, director in the Miller's River National Bank, of Athol, since 1865 ; president and a trustee of .Athol Savings Bank. He was captain of company F, 53d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers. MURPHY, JOHN R., son of John and Jane (Smiley) Murphy, was born in C'harles- town, Middlesex county, August 25, 1856. He received his early education in the public schools of Boston, graduating from the Charlestown high school. His first connection in business was with Silsbee & Murphy, brokers, and subse- quently he was business manager of the " Boston Pilot " for seven years. JOHN R. MURPHY, Mr. Murphy was a representative in the lower branch of the Legislature in 1883, '84 and '85, and a member of the Senate in 1886. While in the House he performed conspicuous service for three years upon the committee on public charitable insti- tutions. In the Senate he served upon the committees on engro.ssed bills, printing (chairman), public health, and on the special committee for re-districting the state. In 1886, while a member of the Senate, he was appointed by Mayor O'Brien fire commissioner of the city of Boston, which position he now occupies, and in which city he continues to reside. In the dis- charge of all his official duties he has dis- played great energy, rare tact and an intel- ligent conception of work. Mr. Murphy resides in the Charlestown district, rmd is unmarried. 434 NASH. NEEDHAiM. NASH, Stephen G., son of John and Abigail Ladd ((.lordon) Nash, was born in New Hampton, Belknap county, N. H., April 4, 1822. He was fitted for college at the institu- tion in New Hampton ; entered Dartmouth College at the age of sixteen, and was graduated in the celebrated class of 1842. He was engaged in teaching the classics at New Hampton, and later was principal of the Noyes Academy, Franklin, N. H., where he studied law with Judge Geo. W. Nesmith ; was admitted to the bar of Suffolk county, Mass., in 1846 ; continued in practice in Boston till appointed judge of the superior court in 1855, at the age of thirty-three years. After leaving the bench he resumed the practice of law in Boston, where he still has an office, with his residence in Lvnii- field. Judge Nash was married in \\'akerield, in i860, to Mary, daughter of Edward and Betsey Upton. Their two sons, Arthur Upton and Gordon, died in childhood. Judge Nash was a member of the House of Representatives in 1855. His business practice was relieved in i859-'6o by a year's travel in Europe, and by a shorter tour again in 1883. NEAL, Peter Morrill, son of Elijah and Comfort (Morrill) Neal, was born in North Berwick, York county. Me., Sep- tember 21, 181 1. He attended public school until fourteen years of age, then went to the Friends' lioarding school. Providence, R. I., where he spent the ne.xt six years. He afterward attended the South Berwick Academy, iSIe., then went to Portland to pursue his stud- ies under the instruction of a private tutor, preparatory- to entering college. A flatter- ing offer having been made to enter the teacher's profession, he abandoned his college course, and taught school for twenty years. He removed to Lynn in 1850, and en- gaged in the luiriber business, which he still follows. Mr. Neal was married in Portland, Me., August 16, 1836, to Lydia, daughter of Edward and Phebe (Opoe) Cobb. Of this union are four children : Edward C, Mary Louise, Nelly, and \Villiam E. Neal. Mr. Neal was mayor of I-ynn from 1861 to '65, a member of the House of Rep- resentatives 1870 and '71, and of the state Senate 1875. NEEDHAM, DANIEL, son of James and Lydia (Breed) Needhani, was born in Salem, Essex county. May 24, 1822. He was educated in a private and at the high school, Salem, and at the Friends' boarding school. Providence, R. I. He studied law with David Roberts, and was admitted to the Middlesex county bar, 1847. He began the practice of law in Boston in company with Edmund Burke, of New Hampshire, and David Roberts, of Salem, DANIEL NEEDHAM, the firm name being Burke, Needham iS: Roberts. This partnership continued sev- eral years. He was LTnited States bank examiner from 187 1 to '86, when he retired from active business. Mr. Needham was married in Groton, July 17, 1842, to Caroline A., daughter of Benjamin and Caroline A. Hall. Of this union were four children : Eleanor M., William C. H., James Ernest, and Efhe Marion Needham. Mr. Needham's second marriage was with Ellen ]\L Brigham, of Groton, October 7, 1880. She was the daughter of George D. and Mary J. Brig- ham. Of this union were two children : Marion Brigham and Alice Emilv Needham. NELSON. NELSON. 435 Mr. Needham has been a member of the school board and town treasurer of (Iroton many years. He was on the staff of Governor Routwell, i85i-'52; chairman of the Democratic state committee of Massachusetts, 1853 -'54; and organized the coalition movement which resulted in the election of Governor Bout well. He removed to Vermont, and was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1856 to '59, and a member of the \'ermont Senate from 1859 to '63. Returning to Massachusetts, he was elected to the House of Representa- tives from (Jroton in 1867, and to the state Senate 1868 and "69. While in Ver- mont, he was appointed Vermont commis- sioner to the Hamburg International Ex- position, 1863. He has been president of the Middlesex North Unitarian Associa- tion, and president of the Institute of Heredity since its organization, president of Groton Farmers' Club, and master of the Grange, president of the Middlesex County Milk Producers' Union, president and founder of the Middlesex Club, trustee of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to .\nimals, etc. He is a director in the Boston Safe Deposit & Trust Company ; for ten years was the owner and manager of the Montello Woolen iSrCirain Mills, Montello, Wis., the woolen mill having been built originally by him ; and has been a trustee of the Massachusetts Agricultural College from its organization. He was secretary of the New England Agricultural Society twenty-five years ; secretary of the Ver- mont Agricultural Society six years, and superintendent of schools, Hartford, ^'t. He was for years managing director of the Peterborough & Shirley Railroad, and in 1847, in connection with the associate directors, made himself liable for the debts of the corporation. He made over all his property to the banks holding the endorsed paper. He ultimately paid every obliga- tion, and perfected arrangements whereby he became reimbursed by the corporation. Many of his public addresses have had a large circulation in newspaper and pam- phlet form — notably one on the "National Bank," and one on the " Evolution of Labor." NELSON, Tho.MAS Leverett, son of J(jhn and Lois Burnham (Leverett) Nelson, was born in Haverhill, Grafton countv, N. H., March 4, 1827. He fitted for college at Haverhill Acad- emy, and the Kimball LTnion Academy at Meriden, N. H. ; entered Dartmouth in 1842 ; in 1844 was transferred to the LTni- versity of Vermont, Burlington, from which institution he was graduated in the class of 1846. He received the degree of LL. D. from his alma mater in 1879. From his graduation till 1853 he worked as a civil engineer. He then began the study of law at his native place, but later removed to Worcester, where he read law during the years 1854 and '55. He was admitted to the bar at Worcester in 1855, where he has since resided. He was elected city solicitor, and served 1870 to '73, and has been called to serve on the school board and in various munici- pal and county offices. He was represen- tative from Worcester to the Legislature in 1869, and served as chairman of the judici- ary committee. In 1879 he was appointed judge of the United States district court for the district of Massachusetts, and is the present incumbent. He is a member of the American Antiquarian Society. Judge Nelson was married in Mendon, October 29, 1857, to .'Vnna H., daughter of Caleb and Mary Moore (Hastings) Hayward. His second marriage occurred March 23, 1865, with Louisa A., daughter of Samuel E. and Hannah A. (Matterson) Slocum, of Millbury. He has five children : Harry L., John, Louisa Burnham, William, and Thomas L. Nelson. Judge Nelson, when he was appointed to the bench, had become one of the leaders of the bar of Worcester county. Probably no member of it was more frequently con- sulted by his associates in difficult cases. He had a special knowledge of equitv and bankruptcy. Always modest and diffident in judging his own capacity, in the earlier part of his practice he was thought by his friends to make less impression on the court than he deserved, by the diffident and quiet manner with which he presented his views. But the supreme court soon dis- covered that everything he had to say was of value, and listened with interest for his contribution to the decision of important and perplexing questions. Few Massachusetts lawyers, whether on the bench or off, have contributed so much as he to the building up of our admirable and simple system of equity practice. He was appointed by the supreme court a member of the committee to revise its rules in equit)'. The present system is very largely his work. He was frequently em- ployed as referee and master in complicated (juestions, especially those relating to water rights, for dealing with which he seemed to have a natural aptitude, which was improved by his early training as a civil engineer. 436 NEWHALL. XEWHALL. NEWHALL, Asa TARBELL, was horn in Lynnfield, Essex county, December 25, 1850. When he was five years of age, liis parents removed to Lynn, where h.e has since resided. His early education was obtained in the public schools. At the age of fourteen he entered the Lynn Mercantile Academy, tak- ing a business course of two years ; after graduating from this institution, he at- tended the Friends' School in the city of Providence, R. L He is of sturdy New England stock, be- ing descended from a family of the primi- tive settlers whose occupation was farming. The attractions of farm life naturally pre- dominated in his choice of vocations, and at the age of eighteen he commenced busi- ness as a farmer, on lands occupied by the ASA T. NEWHALL. earlier settlers of Lynn, and is still engaged in the business of farming and gardening. He married Cinderella, daughter of J. Chandler Newhall, of Lynnfield, November 21, 1872. Their children are : Thomas Bancroft, Asa T., Grace Carland, and Bessie Little Newhall, of whom only the two latter are now living. He was elected a member of the com- mon council of Lynn in 1S85 and '86, and represented the 5th Essex senatorial dis- trict in the Legislature of 1887, serving on the committees on agriculture, harbors and public lands, and manufactures, and was appointed a member of the special com- mittee of the General Court of 1887, to sic during the recess of the Legislature to con- sider the expediency of additional legisla- tion in respect to the emplovment and schooling of children. He was elected mayor of Lvnn, Decem- ber 1 1, 1888 Mr. Newhall is a member of several benevolent and literary organizations, in- cluding West Lynn Lodge of Odd Fel- lows, Palestine Encampment, Canton Pal- estine ; Sagamore Tribe of Red Men ; the Order of Elks, and numerous social and political clubs. In national politics he is a Democrat, and for the past five years has served on the city committee. Having early manifested a special inter- est in agriculture, he connected himself with the Essex County Agricultural So- ciety, and has taken a prominent part in the affairs of this organization, having sev- eral times been elected a member of the board of trustees, which position he now holds. He delivered the annual address before this society at Salem in 1884. He has received several prizes from this so- ciety for reports and essays. NEWHALL, Edward, son of John and Delia (Breed) Newhall, was born in Lynn, L^ssex county, July 22, 1822. His family belonged to the Society of Friends, and his early education was secured at the Friends' School, in Providence, R. I. In 1845 he began the study of medicine untler 1 )r. C. H. Nichols, since distinguished as the superintendent of the Bloomingdale Lunatic .\sylum, in the city of New York. He afterwards entered the Harvard medi- cal school, from which he was graduated in the class of 1848. He then spent two years in Europe at- tending lectures and walking the hospitals in Paris, and as a student in the famous lying-in hospital of Dublin. In 1850 he returned and settled in Lynn, where his thorough medical education and devotion to his chosen profession soon secured him an extensive practice and reputation be- yond the limits of his own city. He has been president of both the Essex South Medical Society and the Lynn Medical Association. Dr. Newhall was married in Canton, Oc- tolier 23, 1S53, to Eliza F., daughter of James and Abigail Beaumont, of Canton, who died in June, 1870, leaving four chil- dren : Edward Beaumont, Herbert William. NEW HALL. NEWTON. 437 Annie Louise, and Robert Oxley Newhall. In 1873 he was married to Mrs. M. A. Field Anderson, of Quincy, by whom he liad three children : Charles Sanderson, Harvey Field, and Eliza Beaumont New- hall. His second wife was the daughter of Harvey and Elizabeth F'ield. NEWHALL, Ja.MES ROBINSON, son of Renjamin and Sarah (Hart) Newhall, was born in Lynn, Essex county, December 25, 1809. All his genealogical lines run back to early Lynn settlers. Both his grand- mothers were grand-daughters of Hon. Ebenezer Burrill, so conspicuous in colonial times as a representative and crown coun- selor. His father was Benjamin Newhall, who was born in 1774 and who died in 1857- At the age of eleven he left the paternal roof, with his worldly possessions in a handkerchief bundle, to make his way in the wide world, his mother having died a year or two before, and his father having a large family for which to provide. Up to 1824 he worked daily, and also attended various public schools, but in that year entered the " Salem Gazette " office to learn the printing trade. After serving in the " Gazette " office for a few years he felt desirous of gaining a better knowledge of book-printing than could be done in Salem at that time, and so procured a situation at Boston. Before attaining his majority he was installed foreman of one of the principal book offices there. He then drifted to New York and found em- ployment in the " Conference " office there, where he gained the reputation of being the fastest type-setter in the establishment. This was in 1829. At the age of twenty- two he returned to his native place and became engaged in the office of the " Mir- ror," the first printing establishment in Lvnn, afterwards purchasing the office and commencing the publication of another pa- per. Here he remained a few years, once or twice taking a lecture tour. He then went to New York and engaged in the edi- torial department of a daily journal and in writing for one or two weeklies. Walt Whitman, the poet, was engaged on the same paper. In 1854, meeting a friend, a member of the Essex bar, he was kindly invited to take a student's seat in the office. The invitation was accepted and the study of law commenced. By May, 1857, he had completed a regular legal course, was admitted to the bar in Boston, and forthwith commenced to practice in Lynn. He was soon after commissioned a justice of the peace and notary public. which offices he still holds. On the 24th of August, 1866, he was commissioned judge of the Lynn police court, and likewise ap- pointed a trial justice of juvenile oft'enders. The judgeship he resigned August 24, 1879. He has served as chairman of the schcfol board and president of the common coun- cil. In the autumn of 1887, at the age of seventy-three years, he took a tour of several months abroad. In 1836 he pub- lished the "Essex Memorials." In 1862 " Lin, or Jewels of the Third Plantation." In 1865 " The History of Lynn " was pub- lished ; in 1883 an additional volume of the same, and in 1856, by desire of the city council, he jirepared the " Centennial Memorial of Lvnn." He was married October, 1837, to Dor- cas B., the only daughter of Captain Wil- liam Brown, of Salem, by whom he had one son, who died at the age of ten, the mother having died soon after his birth. In 1853 Mr. Newhall again married, the second wife being Mrs. Elizabeth Camjibell, daugh- ter of Hon. Josiah Newhall, of Lynn. NEWTON, Dexter, the youngest .son of Stephen and Sally (Fay) Newton of DEXTER NEWTON. Southborough, Worcester county, was born in that town January 13, 1823. He received his early education in the common and hio-h schools of his native 438 NEWTON. NEWTON. town, and at the academy in Westfield. He began teaching school at the age of twenty, and taught three winters in South- borough. In March, 1845, Mr. Newton commenced business in the meat trade, which he car- ried on extensively for about five vears. He served as station agent in Fayville and Cordaville for about eleven j-ears, having been employed by the Boston & Worces- ter Railroad Company. He was appointed United States assist- ant assessor of internal revenue, which position he held for some five years. He has been postmaster at Fayville since July 29, 1869, and has long held the office of justice of the peace and notary public. ■ He has been a member of the school com- mittee ten years, selectman ten years, assessor of taxes twenty-seven years, and has held the office of justice of the first district court of Eastern ^\'orcester since June 25, 1879. He has been moderator of town meetings for over thirty years, sur- veyor of land and insurance agent, has settled, and helped to settle, over two hundred estates, besides having been en- gaged in the purchase and sale of much real estate. He was married in Southborough, De- cember 9, 1846, to Arathusa A., daughter of Taylor and Ann L. Brigham, by whom he has had four children, three of whom are living : Francis D., .\da M., and Cora A. Newton. NEWTON, William Wilberforce, son of Rev. Richard Newton, D. D., and Lydia (Gretore.x) Newton, was born at St. Paul's rectory, Philadelphia, Pa., November 4, 1843- His early education was obtained at the Episcopal Academy of Philadelphia, and he entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1861, graduating in 1865 as class poet, and spent the following year in Europe with two college companions. Returning, he entered the Philadelphia Divinity School in 1866, graduating in 1S68. He was ordained deacon upon graduating, and ordained priest in June, 1869. The occupation of his life has been that of clergyman in the Episcopal church — not neglecting, how- ever, that of authorship. He was connected with the Church of the Epiphany, Philadelphia, from 1868 to '70; rector of St. Paul's, Brookline, from 1870 to '75 ; of Trinity church, Newark, N. J., from 187s to '77 ; of St. Paul's church, Boston, from 1877 to '81, and has been the rector of St. Stephen's, Pittsfield, from 1881 to the present time. On the i6th of November, 1S70, in the Church of the Epiphany, in Philadelphia, Mr. Newton was married to Emily Steven- son, daughter of the Rev. James ^\'. and Emily (Stevenson) Cooke. Their chil- dren are : W. W. Newton, Jr., born May 18, 1872, and Emilv S. Newton, born April 19, 1874. Mr. Newton's present residence is at St. Stephen's rectory, Pittsfield, where he is a member of the town school committee, and of the Bartlett G. A. R. Post. He is a member of the \\'orld's Red Cross Society, WILLIAM W. NEWTON. and was a private in Landis' battery of ar- tillery in Philadelphia, in 1863. He is vice- president of the New England Society of the Alumni of the University of Pennsyl- vania, is the secretary of the American Congress of Churches, and honorary vice- president of the English Society for the Elevation and Purification of the Stage. Mr. Newton visited Europe in 1878 and againin i888-'89. During his active life he has published the following books : " Bible Outlines " (1870), " Gate of the Temple " (1875), " Little and Wise " (1876), " Inter- preter's House " (1878), '•■ Palace Beauti- ful," " Great Heart," " A Father's Bless- ing," " Troublesome Children," " Summer Sermons," " Priest and Man," a novel, " The Voice of St. John, and Other Poems," NICHOLS. NICKERSON. 439 and the " Life of Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg," for Houghton & Mifflin's series of "Lead- ers of Religious Thought." During his last visit to Europe Mr. New- ton visited Count Tolstoi in his home at Moscow in Russia. He received the degree of D. D. from his own alma mater, the University of Pennsj'lvania, on his return. A new church is at present in course of building on the site of the old St. Stephen's edifice in Pittsfield. NICHOLS, Albert, son of Joshua and Rebecca (\\'ithereil) Nichols, was born in Chesterfield, Hampshire county, January 5, 1812. His education was limited to the district schools of those days. In 1837 he spent a short time in an academy. Farming was his chosen vocation, and he is still engaged in agricultural pursuits. y\r. Nichols was married in Williams- burg, ,\pril 12, 1838, to Clarinda B. daughter of William and Sylvia (Shepard) Johnson. Three children are the issue of this marriage : Warner B., William J., and [iihn H. Nichols. Mr. Nichols was a member of the Ches- terfield school board and teacher in the schools from 1838 to '75. He served in the House of Representatives in 1861, '63, and '65. He has been justice of the peace twenty years, and has been called to serve his town in many of the municipal offices — selectman, etc., ten years, clerk and treasurer some twenty-three years. Three sons of Mr. Nichols rendered loyal service in the army and navy during the war of the rebellion, the two eldest finding a resting place beside thousands of their comrades in Arlington, Va. NICHOLS, George B., the son of Seth and Sally (Kidder) Nichols, was born at Weathersfield, Windsor county, ^'er- mont, April 15, 1820. He received his education at the district schools of his native town and subse- quently at Meriden Academy, where he graduated at the age of fifteen. He came to Boston in 1836 and entered the dry-goods jobbing store of Farrington & Converse, where he remained until twenty-one years of age, when he became a member of the firm of Amidown, Bow- man & Co., also in the dry-goods jobbing trade. Ten years later this firm became H. Amidown & Co., and subsequently Edwards, Nichols & Richards. In 1S65 the firm disposed of their business, and in 1867 Mr. Nichols commenced in the wool business, on Federal Street. He is now on Atlantic Avenue, meeting with abundant and honorable success. Mr. Nichols was for some years a mem- ber of the school board, and also a mem- ber of the Legislature, but owing to the fact of his business taking up so much of his time, he has repeatedly refused offers of nominations to most of the important city offices. He is a director of the Manufacturers' National Bank, and one of the trustees of the Boston City Hospital. Mr. Nichols was married in Boston, De- cember 8, 1844, to Louisa, the daughter of Daniel and Lois Rhodes. Their surviving children are : George R., Ella Prudie, and Seth Nichols. Mr. Nichols's ancestors on the paternal side came over from Wales two hundred and twenty years ago and settled in Co- hasset. His mother's ancestors came over from Scotland. NICHOLS, William Henry, son of Peter and Mary (Tarr) Nichols, was born in Gloucester, Esse.x county, October 6, 1846. He began business life as shop-boy w'ith William A. Pew, fishermen's supplies, etc., and later on, in common with the majority of young men of the place, engaged in fishing for a time. He returned to mer- cantile life, and was book-keeper for some of the leading firms in Gloucester. He then engaged in the wholesale fish trade, and finally, in 1885, entered the paint and oil business, in which he is at present interested. He has devoted himself closely to his business, and has had but little time to give to considerations of public office. He is, however, a member of the Republican ward and city committee, and in 1889 was a member of the House of Repre- sentatives, from the nth Essex district, serving on the committee on prisons. Mr. Nichols was married in Gloucester, July II, 1869, to M. Augusta, daughter of William H. and Mary T. (Brazier) Voung. Mrs. Nichols died in 1871, leaving two children : Maud A. and Willis A. Nichols. He has always been locally identified with Republican politics and has held the various ward offices. NICKERSON, Reuben, son of Reuben and Keziah (Young) Nickerson, was born in Eastham, Barnstable county, July 12, 1814. He is a descendant of William Nicker- son, who was one of the first settlers of Chatham. 440 NILES. NILES. Until he was thirteen he attended the pubhc schools of his native town, and there- after a private academy in Orleans, till he was eighteen, when he began teaching. Soon realizing the necessity of further knowledge himself, he attended the Teach- ers' Seminary at Andover. He then taught school for nine winters, at the same time carrying on the salt business in connection with his father, and purchasing large quantities of Epsom salts and preparing them for the market. He has always been intimately identified with the educational interests of the town. He was chosen upon the school committee shortly after reaching his majorit)', and was retained in the office of superintendent as long as he was willing to serve. He has held the office of selectman and assessor, and has been a trustee of the public library since its formation. In 1853 he was elected to represent the town in the House of Representatives, and in 1866 was sent to the Senate. Requir- ing a change of life, at the end of the session he went South, and purchased a large cotton plantation, which he carried on for si.x years before returning to his home. He was one of the directors of the Cape Cod Central Railway till it was sold to the Old Colony Railroad. At present he devotes his attention chiefly to his farm. On the 5th of October, 1837, Mr. Nick- erson was married in Eastham, to Eliza- beth, daughter of Beriah and Elizabeth (Cole) Doane. Mrs. Nickerson is a direct descendant of John Doane, one of the first settlers of Eastham, who came from Eng- land in the " Mayflower." Their only living child is Isabella Nickerson. His wife died in 1849, and in 1851 he married her sister, Sarah Doane. Their only living child is Herbert Doane Nickerson. NILES, William Henry, was born De- cember 22, 1840, in Orford, Grafton county, N. H. His father, Samuel W. Niles, and mother, whose maiden name was Eunice C. Newell, were both natives of that State. When the son was four years old, the father died, and a year later the mother, with her family, removed to South Read- ing, now Wakefield, Mass., and from that time, with the exception of five years spent in the South, Mr. Niles has been a resident of Massachusetts. His early mental training was in the public schools, after which, for three years, he was a private pupil with the Rev. R. W. Smith, of East Bridgewater, and subse- quently, for three years, a student in the Providence Conference Seminary of East Greenwich, R. I. He studied law and fitted himself for the bar under the direction of Caleb Blodgett, now judge of the superior court, and was admitted to the Middlesex bar, in Lowell, at the March term, 1870. He at once be- gan practice in Lynn, where, without inter- ruption, he has since continued in his pro- fession. He is a member of the firm of Niles & Carr. Mr. Niles was married September 19, 1865, in Bristol, N. H., to Harriet A. Day, of that town. Of this union are three WILLIAM H. NiLES. children : Florence, who was recently mar- ried to George W. Moulton, of Lynn ; Grace, and Mary Ethel Niles. Mr. Niles has refused all political pre- ferment, and with the exception of three years' service on the school board of Lynn, has never held public office. All his ener- gies have been devoted to the organization and establishment of his law practice, which in extent will compare not unfavor- ably with any in the State. In addition to his professional duties, he owns and manages a cotton planta- tion in southern Georgia, where, with his family, he spends a portion of every winter. He has, also, by utilizing his vacations. NOBLE. NOBLE. 441 found time to travel extensively, having visited in the last few years many of the European countries, the West Indies, the Bahama Islands and California. NOBLE, John, son of Mark and Mary C. (Copp) Xoble, was born in Dover, Straf- ford county, N. H., Ajiril 14, 1829. He received his early educational train- ing at home and in the private and public schools of his native place ; attended Roch- ester Academy, N. H., one year (1842) ; Phillips Academy, Exeter, two years (1844- '46) and, fitting for college, entered Har- vard, and was graduated in the class of 1850. He was usher and sub-master in the Boston Latin school, 1850 to '56 ; entered Harvard law school the latter year, and was graduated LL. B., 1858 ; practiced law in Boston till 1875; was appointed clerk of the supreme judicial court, by the court, August 31, 1875, for the remainder of the unex|Mred term; was re-elected November, 1876, and each term thereafter until the present time. Mr. Noble was married in Deerfield, June II, 1873, to Katharine Williams, daughter of William and Catherine (Williams) Shel- don. Of this union are two children : John and Isabel Helen Noble. His residence is Boston! NOBLE, Reuben, son of Charles and Sophia (Fowler) Noble, was born in West- I'leld, Hampden county, October 26, 1820. Mr. Noble is a lineal descendant in the sixth generation of Thomas Noble, born in 1632, in England, and who died in \\'est- field, January 20, 1704. Thomas Noble was one of the early settlers of Springfield, from which place he removed to Westfield. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public schools, and Westfield Academy. Leaving school at nineteen years of age, he engaged in teaching a portion of the time for two years, and at twenty-one began his commercial career as traveling salesman for a whip manufac- turing company. He afterwards was en- gaged for two years in Ohio, as salesman in a dry-goods house. He then returned to Westfield and became a partner with his brother — firm name J. & R. Noble, manufacturers of whips and cigars. These relations continued until tlie organization of the American Whip Company in 1855. In 1856 he became treasurer of this com- pany and held the position until 1885, with the exception of one year. He was for years a director and a large owner in the company, and has been largely instru- mental in its growth and prosjjerity. Mr. Noble was married in Pittsfielil, March 29, 1854, to Eliza C, daughter of Asa and Betsey (Rice) Foote, a lady who still lives to adorn and bless his later years. They have no children. Mr. Noble has been a member of the Westfield school board ; was chairman of the board of water commissioners, West- field, from its organization in 1874 until 1887. Under his skillful management were constructed what are claimed to be the best water-works in the Common- wealth, noted for the purity of the water, and for the high pressure, making each fire hydrant equal to or better than, any fire steamer. He has been a director of the Hampden National Bank of Westfield since its organization; elected president and held the position from January, 1882, to June, 1886, when he resigned upon assuming the duties of postmaster. He is vice-president REUBEN NOBLE of the Woronoco Savings Bank, We.stfield: was a member of the state Senate in 1872, serving on the committee on harbors and public lands. During the year 1S71 he with his wife traveled through Europe and the East. He was appointed to the state board of health by (iovernor Benjamin F. Butler, but resigned two years previous to the expiration of his term of office. He was 442 NORCROSS. NORCROSS. postmaster of M'estfield from 1857 to '61, and was again appointed by President Cleveland in 1886, but resigned in 1888. He was a member of the House of Repre- sentatives 1874, '75, and '76 ; and was an efficient member of the railroad committee those years : was Democratic candidate for lieutenant-governor in 1868, and for congressional honors in 1870, Henry L. Dawes being the opposing candidate; and again in 1882, George D. Robinson being the opposing candidate. He was delegate to the national Democratic conventions of i860, '64, '68, '76 and '80. Mr. Noble has been throughout his life closely identified with the prosperity and development of his town and section of the State. He is a business man of integ- rity, and enjoys a well-earned success. He is a gentleman of generous impulses, and possessed of a strong individuality. In politics he is a staunch Democrat of the old school. NORCROSS, JOHN HENRY, son of John and Eleanor (Estabrook) Norcross, was born in Lincoln, Middlesex county, October 29, 1841. He attended a district school at East Lexington and the high school at Lexing- ton. At fifteen years of age he went to work in a dry-goods store in Lexington, and subsequently was in the same business in Medford, and in Portsmouth, N. H. In 1863 he entered the well-known and enterprising house of Lewis Coleman & Co. of Boston, and in five years had made himself so valuable to the firm that he was honored with a partnership. For fifteen years he was an important factor in the growth and prosperity of that house. In 1883 he severed his connection with Lewis Coleman & Co., and in 1884, with Wil- liam H. Brine, purchased the business of the late John Harrington of Boston, and formed a partnership known as Brine & Norcross. The new firm has had a steady and sturdy growth. Not satisfied with their first purchase, they have added to their stock, and opened two other stores in different parts of the city, and have started branch houses in Springfield, Mass., and Manchester, N. H. Mr. Norcross was married, June 6, 1866, in Medford, to Cynthia Josephine, daughter of John T. and Mary (Chadbourne) White. Four children have blessed this union : Charles Merrill, Edith Gertrude, Eleanor Josephine, and Theodore White Norcross. Mr. Norcross, since his residence in Medford, has been identified with nearly every movement of a public nature looking to the improvement and welfare of the town. He has often been called ujion to serve in a public capacity, having served as selectman, overseer of the poor, sur- veyor of highway, water sinking fund com- missioner and auditor. He was for twelve years in succession a member of the Repub- lican town committee, and so popular a man J. HENRY NORCROSb. with his fellow-townsmen, irrespective of their political affiliations, that at the last election, in 1888, when he was chosen to represent the town of Medford in the General Court, he received the entire Dem- ocratic strength, and was honored with a majority larger than that ever given before to any town official. He was appointed to serve on the committee on finance, a position he is easily qualified by his past experience to fill with ability and credit. He worships with the Mystic Congrega- tional church, but his benefactions are by no means confined to that society. There is scarcely a benevolent, military, religious, or social organization in his town but that often has had occasion to thank him for unostentatious but practical assistance. He is a trustee of several Masonic bod- ies, having taken full degrees in York and Scottish rites, is a trustee of the Medford Savings Bank, and is vice-president and a trustee of the Medford Co-operative Bank. NORTON. NXJURSE. 443 NORTON, Charles Eliot, son of Andrews and Catherine (Eliot) Norton, was born in Cambridge, Middlesex county, November i6, 1827. His father was a theologian — born in Hingham, in 1786, died in Newport, R. I., in 1S52. He was graduated from Harvard in 1804 ; was a writer of reputation, and had few, if any, equals in the L'niteii States as a biblical critic and scholar. Mr. Norton was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1846, and began a commer- cial career in an East India house, PSoston. Three years later he went to the East Indies as supercargo of a ship in that trade. He traveled e.xtensively in that country, and making a tour of Europe, he returned home in 185 1. He again visited Europe in 1885, remaining until 1857, and once more in 1868, remaining until 1873. In company with Dr. Ezra Abbot, he edited his father's " Translation of the (lospels with Notes" (two volumes), and his " Internal F.vidences of the Genuine- ness of the (iospels." The papers of the Toyal Publication Society, issued during the civil war, were edited by him, and from 1S64 to '68 he was joint editor with James Russell Lowell of the " North American Review." Among his own publications are " Con- siderations on some Recent Social Theo- ries," "The New Life of Dante," transla- tion with essays and notes, "Notes of Travel and Study in Italy," ".A Review of a Trans- lation into Italian of the ' Commentary ' by Benvenuto da Imola on the ^ Divina Cominedia'," "The Soldier of the Good Cause," "William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job, with Sketch of the Artist's Life and Works," " List of the Principal Books relating to the Life and \\'orks of Michael Angelo, with Notes," and " Historical Studies of Church Build- ing in the Middle Ages : Venice, Siena, Florence." He edited in 1883 the "Cor- respondence of Carlyle and Emerson," and in subsequent years the " Correspondence of (ioethe and Carlyle," and "Carlyle's Reminiscences and Letters." He was elected to the professorship of liistory of art in Harvard College in 1875. which chair he still occupies. Mr. Norton has acquired an enviable reputation as a writer, and is an acknowledged authority on matters pertaining to the highest cul- ture. Professor Norton was married in 1862 to Susan, daughter of Theodore and Sara (.\shburner) Sedgwick. His wife died in 1.S72. Of this union were six children. NOURSE, Henry Stedman, son of Stedman and Patty (Howard) Nourse, was born in Lancaster, Worcester county, April 9, 1 83 1. He studied in the common schools, in Lancaster Academy, and was for two terms in the Leicester Academy. Then he entered Harvard College and graduated in the class of 1853, receiving tlie degree of .\. M. in 1855. For a year after graduation he was pro- fessor of ancient languages at Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H., and for three years thereafter he was principal of the academy at Taunton. In 1857 he abandoned teaching for the profession of civil engineering, and entered the office of Whitwell & Henck, of Boston, by whom he was engaged upon the Back Bay improvements at their inception. In 1859 he was employed in building the ex- tension of the Delaware Railroad, and after the war in building the Eastern Shore Railroad of Maryland, and the Susque- hanna Bridge. As resident engineer, in 1866, '67 and '68, he built the Pennsylvania Steel Works, near Harrisburg, Pa., and was superintendent of themuntil 1874. They were the second steel works to successfully manufacture Be.sse- mer steel in the LTnited States, and they still rank as among the largest in the country. On the 12th of September, 1870, at Lan- caster, Mr. Nourse was married to Mary B. (Whitney) Thurston, daughter of John and Mary B. (Holt) Whitney. Theironly chiklren died in infancy. Mr. Nourse is a member of the Ameri- can Antiquarian Society. During the rebellion he served in the S5th Illinois infantry as adjutant. He was wounded at Shiloh, was promoted to captain in 1862, appointed commissary of musters 1864, and was mustered out in 1865, after par- ticipating in many battles. He was rep- resentative from the 5th Worcester district in 1883, and senator in 1S85 and '86. He was made trustee of the Worcester Lunatic Hospital in 1888, and has held many local town offices. His present residence is in Lancaster, where he spends his time in cultivating a small farm, and in writing. He is the author of " Early Records of Lancaster," "The Story of the S5th Regiment, Illinois Infantrv," "A History of Lancaster and Clinton," and " Military Annals of Lan- caster." Mr. Nourse is a lineal descendant of Rebecca Nourse, w'ho was hung as a witch, at Salem, in 1692. 444 NOVES. NOVES. NOYES, Charles Johnson, the son of Johnson and Sally (Brickett) No\-es, of ('anaan, Grafton county, N. H., was born in Haverhill, August 7, 1841. His ances- tors emigrated from England and were included among the first settlers of New England, landing in 1634, near the site of Newburyport, on the spot where the rail- road bridge now crosses the Merrimack. His early education was received in the public schools of his native town. He was prepared for college in the Haverhill Acad- emy, now known as the Haverhill high school, from which he graduated in i860 as valedictorian. He was president of the Alumni Association for five years, after which he declined to hold the position longer. In the fall of i860 he entered Antioch College at Yellow Springs, Ohio, and re- mained there until the commencement of his junior year, when he removed to Sche- nectady, N. Y., entered Union College in that town, and graduated with the class of 1864. While at Union College he was orator on several important occasions, and during his second year there he commenced his studies of law in the office of Judge Johnson of Schenectady, having made con- siderable progress in legal study at the time of leaving college. Soon after graduation he entered the law office of John E. Risley, Jr., of Provi- dence, R. I., and was admitted to the bar in 1864. He immediately opened one office in Haverhill and another in Boston. Busi- ness in the former place accumulated so rapidly that he was soon obliged to give up the Boston office and confine his atten- tion to the Haverhill practice. Political aspirations were gratified at tlie unusually early age of twenty-four, by election to the lower House of the state Legislature in 1865. In the session of 1866 he served as a member of the com- mittee on the judiciary and committee on license law. Declining re-election to the House, he ne.xt became a successful candi- date for the Senate from the 3d Essex district. In that body, though the youngest member, he was appointed chairman of the committee on library, member of the joint committee on education and on amend- ment to the constitution. In 1867 he declined renomination to the Senate, in order to devote himself to the assiduous pursuit of his profession. In 1869 he again opened an office in Bos- ton, carried on his business there and at Haverhill for the space of three years, and then removed to South Boston in 1S72, establishing his legal headquarters in Pem- berton Square. Mr. Noyes was again elected to the House in 1876 from the 14th Suffolk dis- trict. During the session of 1877 he served as chairman of the committee on mercantile affairs, and also as member of the committee on the Hoosac Tunnel, Troy ^: C.reenfield Railroad. In 1878 he was re-elected to the House, promoted to the chairmanship of the last mentioned com- mittee, and also served on the committee on harbors. In 1879 he was again elected to the House. He was appointed by Speaker Wade to the chairmanship of the committee on constitutional amendment. Returned for the fifth time to the House in \ CHARLES J. NOYES, 1880, Mr. Noyes was elected speaker on the fourth ballot, by a vote of one hundred and twenty-five. In this position he gained high repute by the dignity and judgment of his rulings. In 1 88 1 the electors of the 14th Sufl'olk district once more returned their old rep- resentative, and he was again elected speaker, and this time unanimously. A seventh election to the Legislature of 1882, followed in due course, and he was once more elected speaker. Mr. Noyes was also elected to the House from this district, in 1887, and again in 1S88, anil NUTT. NUTT. 445 each time elected speaker unanimously. He is one of the most popular platform orators in the State, and in 1865 delivered the eulogy on Abraham Lincoln at Haver- hill. He is an active member of the Masonic fraternity ; past master of Adelphi Lodge, and past commander of St. Omer Com- niandery of Knights Templar. He has taken all the Scottish rites up to the thirty- second degree, and is a member of the Lafay- ette Lodge of Perfection, of the Giles F. Yates Council of Princes of Jerusalem, the Mount Olivet Chapter of Rose Croix, and of the Massachusetts Consistory. He is also connected with the order of Odd Fellows, having passed all the chairs of the lodge and encampment ; is past grand and past chief patriarch, and has served one year on the grand board of the grand encampment of Massachusetts Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows. On the 9th of March, 1864, at Provi- dence, R. L, Mr. Noyes was married to Emily, tlaughter of Colonel Jacob C. and Fannie C. Wells, of Cincinnati, O., and has three children : Fannie C, Harry R., and Grace L. Noyes. NUTT, William, son of Isaac B. and Sally (Monroe) Nutt, was born in Tops- ham, Orange countv, Vermont, August 5, 18.36. He received a common school education in the district schools of his native town, where he worked as a farm laborer 1849, '50 and '51 ; was in a private school and engaged in shoe-making in Natick, Mass., 1852 to '6r, except one year spent in the West, 1857. At the opening of the war, he was cor- poral of militia. He enlisted in May, 186 1. company I, 2d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers ; was corporal and sergeant ; in 1862, March 5, was appointed 2d lieutenant in 54th regiment ; May, 1863, received a commission as ist lieutenant in 54th, anil afterwards captain iiT 55th regiment ; Nov- ember, 1864, major ; June, 1865, lieutenant- colonel, and was brevet-colonel at the close of the war. After the war he studied law in the office of W. N. Mason, and was admitted to the bar in Middlesex county, August, 1868. He has been in continuous practice since, except during a few years in which he served as deputy sheriff. Mr. Nutt was married in Framingham, April 25, 1863, to Abigail P., daughter of Josiah and Patience (Russell) Puffer. Of this union were nine children, seven of whom are living: William H., Charles, George, Henry, Nellie A., Julia M., and Matilda E. Niitt. Col. Nutt was representative to the Gen- eral Court 1871 and '72; tax collector 1869, '70 and '71 ; chairman of the board of selectmen 1874, '76 and '81 ; chairman of overseers of the poor 1874 and '76. He has a local reputation as moderator of town meetings, a position he has many times filled. He was agent of the Freedmen's Bureau in Virginia in 1868, and Lfnited States commissioner, Virginia, at the same time; was appointed a justice of the peace in Massachusetts 1867, and has ever since held like commissions, and that of notary public since 1874. He was on the school board for a short time i87 2-'73. He is a WILLIAM NUTT. director in the Natick Five Cents Savings Bank, and has been on the board of invest- ment eighteen years ; was appointed trial justice in 1886 and re-appointed in 1889. 446 OAK MAN. O'BRIEN. OAKMAN, Richard Nickerson, son of Joseph L. and Mary (Nickerson) Oak- man, was born in Wendell, Franklin coun- ty, January 20, 181S. His early education was obtained at the common schools, followed by three years at Franklin Academy, Shelburne Falls. After leaving the academy, he was princi- pal of the Union Academy at Province- town for six years. In 1S46 he left the position and devoted his attention to farm- ing for thirty years. In 1853 Mr. Oaknian was representative to the General Court for Montague, and for six years commissioner for Franklin county. For twenty-eight years he has been selectman for Montague, and for many years assessor, overseer of the poor, and member of the school board. In social, religious, and philanthropic matters he has always taken a prominent position, and held many important trusts — a worthy illustration of what a New England boy can accomplish by patient industry, temperance, and frugality, without inherited means or influential friends to aid him. Mr. Oakman is now president of the Crocker National Bank, and holds various other offices of trust and responsibility. In 1841 he married, in Hawley, Julia P., daughter of Ichabod and Paulina (Porter) Hawkes. Of their four children, R. N. Oakman, Jr., Julia Kate, Nellie P., and Frank Hawkes, the two sons are filling important positions — the elder as treas- urer and manager of the John Russell Cutlery Company, the younger with the Lamson & Goodnow Cutlery Company. OBER, Frederick Albion, son of Andrew K. and Sarah Hadlock Ober, was born in Beverly, Essex county, February 13, 1849. The public schools gave him his early training until fourteen years of age. He received no other assistance from schools, save that of one year in the agricultural college (1869). Mr. Ober is a lineal descendant of Rich- ard Ober, who settled in Beverly in the early part of the seventeenth century. He early imbibed a fondness for field sports and natural history, and while yet a boy had collected and preserved samples of nearly all the birds of New England, and had noted their habits. So strong was his passion in this direction, that he aban- doned a lucrative business and went to Florida, where he hunted in 1S72. He was so charmed by this trip that he made another in 1874, determined to explore Lake Okechobee and the Everglades. During his first trip he had been unable to reach this great lake and explore the mys- teries that hung around it. This time he was successful. In 1876 and '80 he hunted in the West Indies, discovering twenty-two new species of birds, and for the first time explored the Caribbees between St. Thomas and Trin- itlad. In 1881 he turned his attention toward Mexico. On his way thither he touched at Cuba, and afterwards visited the ruined cities of Yucatan. Arriving in the city of Mexico, he ferreted out its remains of early civilization, climbed to the summit of Popocatapetl, 17,800 feet, rode a thou- sand miles on horseback through southern Mexico, and then returned to the United States, after seven months' absence. In 1883 and '85 he again visited Mexico, pen- etrating portions of the country hitherto unknown to any save the natives. The exploration of these fields has con- tinued more than ten years. The thrilling incidents connected therewith have been given to the world in his lectures, also in his published works, the principal ones being "Camps in the Caribbees" (1879), " Young Folks' History of Mexico " (1883), "The Silver City" (1883), "Travels in Mexico" (1885), "Montezuma's Gold Mines" (1886), and "Knock About Club Series " (1888, '89 and '90). Mr. Ober's travels in South America, and later in Spain and northern Africa, have added fresh matter to his store from which he draws for his publications and pop- ular lectures. Mr. Ober is unmarried. O'BRIEN, HUGH, w-as born in Ireland, July 13, 1827. When five years of age, his parents came to this country, and he received his early education in the public schools of Boston, graduating from the grammar school that stood on the famous old Fort Hill. He entered the olifice of the " Boston Courier " as an apprentice to learn the art of printing, when in his twelfth year. From the " Courier " office he went to the book and job office of Tuttle, Dennett & Chisholm, of which he became foreman at the age of fifteen. Several years later he founded the " Shipping and Commercial List," of which he was long the editor and publisher. ODIORNE. O'NEIL. 447 Mr. O'Brien was elected on the board of aldermen in 1875, '76 and '77, defeated in 1878, again elected in 1879, '80, '81, not a candidate in 1882, elected in 1883, and was made chairman of the board, which posi- tion he held for the four last years. In December, 1884, he was elected mayor of the city, holding that position for four .successive years, 1885, '86, '87 and '88. He has held the office of treasurer ami general manager of the Brush Electric Light Company, president of the Union Institution for Savings, treasurer of Frank- lin Typographical Society for fifteen years, a trustee of the St. Vincent Orphan .\sylum, and for many years was a standard author- itj' on all matters relating to the trade and connnerce of the city. Mr. O'Brien has long been regarded a friend of the laboring interest, securing the passage of an ordinance regulating payment to workingmen by contractors with the city. He urged the abolition of the poll-tax as a pre-requisite for voting, advocated the purchase of large areas for public parks, has been prominently identi- fied with the improved system of sewerage and the enlarging the water supply Mr. O'Brien was a firm believer in the future growth of the city, and as alderman and mayor, covering a period of eleven years of active service, was a prominent factor in carrying out these and many other reforms that have placed Boston at the head of the municipal governments of the country. ODIORNE, Frederic Hussey, son of Thomas and Mary (Hussey) Odiorne, was born in Maiden, Middlesex county. May 26, 1830. He is a descendant from John Odiorne, one of the first settlers of Portsmouth, N. H., from whom the name of Odiorne's Point at New Castle, N. H., was taken. At this point landed the first settlers in New Hampshire. He received a common school education in his native town. He began his business life in the count- ing room of Thomas Tremlett, Boston, in 1847, remaining there until 1856. His first business connection was with his brother in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1856 (Odiorne iV: Brother), commission business. He remained but one year, then was a l^artner of the firm of Tremlett Brothers it Co., Boston, for one year, then in the firm of Tremlett & Odiorne till i860. From i860 to '72 he was alone in business. From 1 87 2 to the present time, the firm name has been F. H. Odiorne & Co., coal and commission business. He is the longest in the service of the entire guild of 13oston wholesale coal dealers. Mr. Odiorne was married May 24, 1854, to Adaline, daughter of Jonathan and Susan (Hovey) Robinson. They have no children. Mr. Odiorne was an alderman-at-large in the city of Maiden, 1887, and has been president of the Maiden Club since 1886. Mr. Odiorne is largely interested in the manufacture of gas, and has been for many years president of the gas li.ght com- panies at Gloucester and Plymouth, Exe- ter, N. H., and Rockland, Me. O'NEIL, Joseph Henry, son of Pat- rick Henry and Mary (Harrington) O'Neil, was born in Fall River, Bristol county, March 23, 1853. He was educated in the Boston public schools, graduating therefrom in 1866. He then worked at the printing business for a short time, and afterwards learned the car- penter's trade with the firm of Jonas Fitch & Company, who did then a very large business. In 1S70 he assisted in the formation of the St. James Young Men's Catholic Total Abstinence Society of Boston, of which he was president for many years. He also was one of the originators of the Catholic Total Abstinence Union of Massachusetts, and although he was one of its most active workers, refused to accept any office, pre- ferring to labor in the ranks. He still remains a member of the St. James so- ciety. In 1874, when of age, he was elected a member of the school board from ward 7, Boston, and a member of the Democratic city committee the same year. He has been a member of the committee since, except four years, when he refused to be a candidate. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives from ward 16, Boston, in 1878, '79, '80, '81 and in '82. He refused to be a candidate for 1883, but was again elected in 1883 for '84, and each time by an increased majority. He served on the committee on liquor law in 1878, committee on public buildings in 1879, and the com- mittee on street railways in 1880, '81 and '82 — in 1881 on the special committee ap- pointed to revise the public statutes ; and in 1882 was a member of the committee on rules and orders. In 1884 he was a member of the committee on rules and on railroads. He was also made president of the Democratic organization of the House in 1880. 448 ORCUTT. OKCUTT. Mr. O'Neil can justly claim the title of father of the Meigs Elevated Railroad sys- tem, as he favored it from the beginning, and did more than any other man to secure the charter of incorporation, which was finally granted in 1884. He was for five years a member of the board of directors of public institutions of the city of Boston, and although the young- est member of the board in years, was its president in 1885 and '86. In 1887 and '88 he was city clerk of the city of Boston, and during a part of i88g, pending the election of his successor. In 1888 he was unanimously nominated by the Democratic convention of the 4th congressional district for the House of Representatives of the United States, and received the largest majority ever cast for a Democratic candidate in the State. Mr. O'Neil is an ardent and yet a liberal Democrat, is a justly prominent man in his party, and his counsel is sought on account of his sagacity and prudence. As a legis- lator, he has been fearless and independ- ent, following his convictions with little regard to political bias. He is a good de- bater, hard student, and careful observer, and when he addresses a public asseniblv or a legislative body, it is with a force and earnestness that always command attention. His advice is sought in business matters as well as in political affairs, and he is known by his loyalty to his friends, who are legion, as well as by his devotion to principle. Mr. O'Neil is now president of the Meigs Elevated Street Railway Company. He was married in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Boston, July 1, 1884, to Mary Anastasia, daughter of John and Maria (Plunkett) Ingoldsby. They have one child : Joseph Henry O'Neil, Jr. ORCUTT, Frank E., son of William Henry and Jane (Hobbs) Orcutt, was born in Cambridgeport, Middlesex county, Oc- tober 10, 1842, and there received his early educational training in the public schools. This was supplemented by a business course at Eastman's College, Poughkeep- sie, N. Y. He was then employed in Boston as a book-binder until June, 1862, when as a mere youth he enlisted in company F, 38th Massachusetts volunteers. He served in Virginia and Maryland until the command was ordered to join the famous Banks ex- pedition to the department of the Gulf. In April, 1863, he was detailed for duty at General Banks's headquarters, serving in the ordnance and engineer departments until the close of the work of the expedi- tion. He had been commissioned as lieu- tenant of engineers, and was then ordered to go farther south on the Texas expedi- tion, doing important duty on the Rio Grande. Subsequently he went into Mex- ico during the unfortunate reign of Maxi- milian. Services closing in Mexico, Cap- tain Orcutt returned to Gulf headquar- ters, where he served until February, 1865, when he was mustered out of the service and returned home. FRANK E ORCUTT. In 1867 he removed to Melrose, where he now resides. He has been justice of the peace and notary public twenty-one years, and town auditor sixteen years. He has been a most active and efficient worker in U. S. tlrant Post, No. 4, G. A. R., Melrose, serving at one time as post adjutant. Mr. Orcutt commenced business for him- self February i, 1874, with \\'illiam A. Allen, under the firm name of Allen & Orcutt, custom clothing. This partnership was dissolved in 1885, he then forming a new one with D. VV. Starratt, under the firm name of Starratt & Orcutt, which in turn was dissolved March i, 1887,10 allow Mr. Orcutt to accept the position of finan- cial manager of the Middleton paper mill. Captain Orcutt has an excellent record as a soldier and citizen, and is held in high esteem, especially by the comrades who O REILLY. O REILLY. 449 knew him best during his mihtarj- service. He was one of the founders and owners of the " Grand Army Record," pubhshed in Boston. He is a Republican in poUtics, quite active in pubUc matters, and has been frequently sent as delegate to the state conventions. He is president of the Colorado Farm Loan Company, one of the directors of the Standard Coal Com- |xiny, and president of the Silver Light Gas Company. In 1889 he was appointed by President Harrison collector of internal revenue, to succeed John E. Fitzgerald. Captain Orcutt is a prominent Mason ; was thrice illustrious master of Melrose Council, F. & A. M., for two years, and has been- a member of the Grand Council, F. &: A. M., fifteen years ; member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion ; char- ter member and first dictator of Guardian Lodge, Knights of Honor, and re-elected for many years ; worthy chief templar of Guiding Star Lodge of Good Templars for seven terms ; charter member of Wash- ington Council Legion of Honor, also of Bethlehem Council, Royal Arcanum, and Prophet of Wononga Tribe, I. O. R. M., of which he was first sachem. Captain Orcutt was married in New Britain, Conn., May 17, 1865, to Lucy A., daughter of Henry E. and Harriet (Blinn) Rhodes. Of this union were three chil- dren : Louise- H., Frank >L, and Mabel ^L Orcutt (deceased). O'REILLY, John Boyle, was born at Dowth Castle, county Meath, Ireland, on June 28, 1844. After serving an early ap- prenticeship to journalism on the " Drog- heda Argus," he removed, at the age of seventeen, to England, where he con- tinued his journalistic work. When only eighteen years of age he enlisted as a trooper in the loth Hussars, otherwise known as the " Prince of Wales' Own." While there he became an apostle of rev- olutionary doctrines, was arrested for high treason, and in June, 1866, was sentenced to twenty years' penal servitude. He was confined in various English prisons until October, 1867, when he, with several other political convicts, was transported to finish his sentence in the penal colony of West Australia. .Vfter enduring prison life there for about a year, he made his escape in an open boat, was picked up at sea by the American whaling bark .'' Gazelle," and finally reached Philadelphia in November, i86q. Li July, 1870, he became editor of the " Boston Pilot," of which he is at present editor and co-proprietor. Mr. O'Reilly's literary career dates from his arrival in America. He first attracted attention by his original and powerful bal- lads of Australian life. The "Amber Whale," " Dukite Snake," "Dog Guard," " Monster Diamond," " Kingof the Vasse," and others, following in quick succession, showed to the world of readers that a new and virile singer had come to be heard. It is worth remembering that it was not then as it is now in the literary life of Boston. It is less than twenty years since, but long enough for a wholh' different school of poetry to have arisen. Then, it may be safely said, it required a voice of more than common strength and melody to reach the world. Longfellow, Holmes, Whittier, Lowell, Bryant, were all doing work worthy of their prime. Bret Harte, with all his fresh, strong lyrics, and Joaquin Miller, crowned with the; praise of London critics, seemed to have pre-empted whatever field there might, be for new singers. There was no room for another bard, except where room always is, at the top. The unknown youth, with no credentials but his talent, came into a community which did not then discriminate too kindh* in favor of a po- litical convict whose politics were of the Fenian persuasion. Yet he took almost at once the place that was his by right of genius, in a literary circle which is always jealous, but never narrow, in defining its boundaries. Mr. O'Reilly's work is known to all readers. He prefers to be known by it and through it. Otherw-ise one might be tempted to write indefinitely of his personal character, his unbounded sympathy with the oppressed and suffering of every class, creed and color, his healthy robustness, mental and physical. But all these are patent in his writings, which reflect the man as in a mirror. In the scant leisure of anactive journalist's busy life, supplemented by unceasing and earnest labors in the cause of Irish nationalit}', he has found time to write half a dozen or more book's, including his "Songs from the Southern Seas," pub- lished in 1873; "Songs, Legends and Bal- lad.s," in 1878; " Moondyne," a novel, in 1879; "Statues in the Block, and Other Poems," in 18S1 ; "In Bohemia," in 1886 ; " The Ethics of Bo.xing and Manly Sport," " Stories and Sketches," in 1888, and one or two volumes as yet unpublished. Mr. O'Reilly dedicated his first book, " Songs from the Southern Seas," to his friend, the captain of the American whale- ship that rescued him ; his second he dedi- cated as follows : " To my dear wife, whose 450 OSBORNE. OSGOOD. rare and loving judgment has been a stand- ard I have tried to reach ; " his third to his mother ; and his fourth " To my four little daughters." His home is in the Bunker Hill district of Boston, on the square facing the soldiers' monument, and his summer home is in the little fishing vil- lage of Hull, where he has built a stone cottage overlooking the sea. OSBORNE, William McKinley, son of Abner and Abigail (Allison) t)sborne, was born in Girard, Trumbull county, O., April 26, 1842. He attended school at the academy in Poland, Ohio, and from there went to Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. .\t the breaking out of the war he enlisted in the 23d regiment, Ohio volunteers, which was the first three years' regiment formed in the State. He was discharLred on account WILLIAM M, OSBORNE- of injuries received in the service. In the fall of 1862 he entered the law office of Sutliff, Tuttle & Stull, Warren, Ohio, and in the fall of 1863 attended the law school at .^nn Arbor, Mich. He was admitted to the bar upon examination by the full court in the spring of 1864. He began practice in Youngstown, Ohio, and was mayor of that city, 1874 and '75. He removed to Boston in the fall of 1880, and after spending nearly two years in Europe, he located permanently in Bos- ton. In 1884 and '85 he represented ward 21 in the common council of Boston, and very soon took a leading position. He was appointed by Governor Robinson as a member of the new metropolitan board of police, and was installed in office on the 23d of July, 1885. In iSIay, 1888, he was re-appointed by Governor .-Vmes for a term of five years. Mr. Osborne was married in Boston, April 24, 1878, to Frances Clara, adopted daughter of Walter Hastings of that city. Of this union were four children: Elizabeth (born May 15, 1880, Cleveland, Ohio) ; Marguerite (born in Hanover Square, Lon- don, May II, 1882) ; Charles. Glidden (born in Ro.xbury, February, 1884), and Ruth (born also in Roxburv, December, 1885). OSGOOD, George Laurie, son of John Hamilton and Adeline (Stevens) Os- good, was born in Chelsea, Suffolk county, April 3, 1844. He is a lineal descendant of John Osgood, the Puritan, who landed at Salem in 1630. He was educated at the grammar and high schools of his native city, and was graduated from Harvard in 1866. In col- lege he was conductor of the glee club and of the orchestra. His inclination and fac- ulties from the start indicated a musical career. In 1867 he went to Berlin and com- menced the study of composition under Haupt, and of vocal expression under Sieber. Here he formed an intimate friend- ship with Franz, the great master of Ger- man song. In 1869 he went to Italy, and for three years studied with Lamperti, in -Milan. As a test of the thoroughness of his musical attainment, he repaired to Ger- many, and gave, with great success, a series of concerts. Returning to America he engaged with Theodore Thomas, and made a tour of the country in connection with his orchestra. In 1872 he settled in Boston and at once became celebrated as a teacher, composer and conductor. In 1875 he assumed the directorship of the Boylston Club, a prom- ising musical organization, then in its third year. He refined its singing, aroused its enthusiasm, and gave to Boston one of the most noteworthy and notable clubs in its musical history. , Mr. Osgood, in 1876, in- vited female vocalists to assist in its con- certs. This advance in concerts gave Bos- ton a male chorus of an hundred voices, a still larger female chorus of exquisite qual- OSGOOD. OSGOOD. 451 ity of tone, and tlie utmost perfection in shading and expression, and a previously unattained mixed chorus. The attainment of these high aims gave Boston a reputa- tion for choral art not only national, but European. The London " .Nlusical Times," in its review of the year 1886, placed the Boylston Club's performances in the front rank of the whole musical world. As a composer, musical critics award high rank to Mr. Osgood. His songs out- sell those of any other .\merican classical composer, and he has won success in every field of vocal composition. His principal works are : "Ouide in the Art of Singing," a volume of 200 pages, already passed through eight edition?; and numerous choral works for concert and church. Mr. Osgood was married in 1868, in Chelsea, to Jeannette Calot, daughter of James Phillips and Chloe (Calot) Farley, of that city. He resides at Cambridge, and has three children : George Laurie, Farley, and Marie Jeannette Osgood. OSGOOD, JOSEPH, son of Joseph Otis and Elizabeth (Fogg) Osgood, was born in Kensington, Rockingham county, N. H., September 23, 1815. .After the advantages of a good home and common school education, he attended Phillips -Academy, Exeter, and having made due preparation, he entered Harvard divinity school, where he was graduated in the class of 1842. He was first called to the pastorate of the First Parish church in Cohasset, and ordained October 26, 1842, where he still remains. Mr. Osgood was married in Scituate, May 20, 1844, to Ellen Devereux, daugh- ter of Edmund Quincy and Caroline (Ward) Sewall. Of this union were ten children : Elizabeth, Joseph Otis, iLdmund Quincy Sewall, George, Ellen Devereux, Mary Fogg, William Sherburne, Frances Parsons, Louise Lovett, and Caroline Ward, the first child, who died in infancy. When Mr. Osgood commenced his min- istry in Cohasset, the parish covered a broad and sparsely settled territory that required his pastoral care. In an outlying portion of his charge he held Sunday- school and other religious services. He has always keenly regarded the intellectual and literary training of children as really included in the scope of a truly Christian culture, which requires the development and education of all the faculties of the soul. He has devoted much time to the common schools. The interests and best methods of instruction and management have been subjects of constant study with him. He was for many years the chair- man of the school board, and for twelve years superintendent of schools, which po- sition he held until three years ago. He is, and has been for nearly forty- seven years, a trustee of Derby Academy at Hingham, and for many years president of the board, and is a vice-president of the Plymouth and Bay Conference of Unita- rian churches. His knowledge of practical life, his love of horticulture, and his great and fatherly affection for children, are among his distinguishing characteristics. In town affairs he has always been active. Through his efforts the Cohasset free li- brary was established, and he has been the chairman of its board of trustees since its incorporation. He is now rounding out a half-century of ministerial life in his first and only parish, loved and revered by all. OSGOOD, JOSEPH Barlow Felt, son of William and t^lizabeth Curtis (Felt) Osgood, was born in Salem, Essex county, July I, 1823. He attended the private school of Ira Cheever two years ; entered the English high school, Salem, in 1833, from which he was graduated in 1837. Eight months of the next year he was clerk with his uncle, Joseph B. Felt, at the State-house, Boston. September, 1838, he entered the Salem Latin school, where he was prepared for college by Oliver Carleton. He entered Harvard in 1842, and was graduated in 1846. He studied law with Hon. Jonathan C. Perkins, Salem, two years, then with Hon. Charles G. Lor- ing, Boston, remaining with him until July 25, 1849, when he was admitted to the Massachusetts bar. He immediately opened an office at Salem, where he has practiced until the present time. He was married, November 23, 1853, to Mary Jane Creamer, who died September 16, 1865. She was the daughter of Ben- jamin and Ann M. (Brace) Creamer. Of this union were two children : Alice M. (deceased) and Elizabeth Curtis Osgood (now Mrs. Henry A. Cook, of Salem). Judge Osgood was a member of the Salem common council 1849, '50, '51, '52 and '53 ; of the House of Representatives 1S50, '51 and '52 ; of the state Senate 1859 and '60. He was mayor of Salem 1865, and justice of the ist district court of Essex count}'' from July, 1874, to January 30, 1889, when he resigned his office and resumed the practice of law, after more 45- OSGOOD. OTIS. than fourteen j'ears' judicial service, with the well-merited respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens. He made the court of which he was justice an efficient agenc}- in the enforcement of law and the preservation of public morals, and retired with the con- sciousness of having served his city and state with honor to himself, and fidelity to his constituents and the public interests. OSGOOD, Stephen, son of Stephen and Charlotte (Morrill) Osgood, was born in Salisburv, Essex countv, November i6, 1826. His early education was accomplished at the common schools, and when seventeen years old he removed to Georgetown, where, with a brief exception, he has since resided. He began as an apprentice in the mer- chant tailoring business, but contracting the gold fever in 1849, sailed round the Cape to California, where he remained for one year or more, and returned to George- town. He has held nearly all of the town offices and has been an earnest advocate and leader in all progressive movements. He has been selectman, assessor, and over- seer of the poor ; trustee of the Peabody library and the Georgetown Savings Bank, and director and vice-president of the Georgetown National Bank. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives in 1 87 1, and of the Senate in 1879, to which he was re-elected in 1880. He served as chairman upon the commit- tees on public charitable institutions and library. On the 9th of April, 1851, Mr. Osgood married Sarah, daughter of Moses and .\lmira (Flatts) Carter. Their children are: Louis Kossuth, Stephen Carter, Charles Clement, and Charlotte Alice Osgood. OSGOOD, William N., .son of George Newton and Minerva (Hayward) Osgood, was born in Lowell, Middlesex county, June II, 1855- The public schools of Lowell furnishetl the advantages for his early education. He was graduated from the Lowell high school ; entered Amherst College, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1878 ; attended the Boston University law school, and was admitted to the bar in 1880. He practiced law in Lowell until March, 1885, when he removed his law office to Boston, in which city he has since been engaged in the successful practice of his profession. Mr. Osgood was married in Tewksburv, January i, 1884, to Harriet Leslie, daugh- ter of Henry C. and .\ugusta (Jaques) Palmer. He has always manifested an interest in public affairs ; was a member of the Lowell common council, 1881 and '82, being presi- dent of that body the latter year ; was a member of the Lowell water board in 1882; ex-offia'o, president of the commun WILLIAM N. OSGOOD. council, a member of the school board, and also a trustee of the Lowell public library. He was the candidate of the Dem- ocratic party in 1888 for secretary of the Commonwealth, and received the largest vote ever cast for a Democratic candidate for that position. During the presidential campaign of 1888 Mr. Osgood made many speeches in different parts of the State. In political views he is progressive, believing in the ultimate triumph of true Democratic prin- ciples over the usurpations of all privileged classes. OTIS, JOHN LORD, son of Hayden E. and Mary (Lord) Otis, was born in Lyme, New London county. Conn., July 15, 1827. He was educated in the public schools of. his native state, and early evincing a taste for mechanical engineering, he devoted himself to that study, and in 1851 was employed as superintendent by the Pacific Manufacturing Company, of Manchester, OTIS. PACKARD. 453 Conn. He remained witli that cori'xn'ation for five years, and tlien estahlisiied the Otis Manufacturing Company in South Manchester. While there he put in motion for Cheney Brothers the first machinery for the manufacture of silk and wool knit goods ever operated in this country. In August, 1861, Mr. Otis enlisted in the loth regiment, Connecticut volunteer in- fantrv, responding to the urgent call for soldiers immediately .succeeding the first battle of Bull Run. He rose rapidly through all the several gradations of rank, earned by actual service, to be colonel in February, 1S63. He was in all the engage- ments of Burnside's and Foster's commands in North Carolina, and was wounded once in the battle of Newbern, and twice at Kingston. In January, 1863, he went to .South Carolina with General Foster's army, and while there performed import- ant service. He was ordered to Virginia, April 17, 1864, and joined the army of the James. At the close of his three years' term of service he was mustered out at his own request, and returned home with a well-earned commission of brevet briga- dier-general. At the close of the war he took the position of superintendent of the Florence Sewing Machine Company, which he re- signed three years later to found the North- ampton Emery Wheel Company, of which he is still treasurer. Oeneral Otis is a well-known leader in the Republican party, and his recognized ability and eminent patriotic service have often been honored by the suffrages of his fellow-citizens, who have elected him to tlifferent local and state offices, which he has uniformly filled with credit to himself and with satisfaction to his constituents. In i875-'76 he was a selectman, assessor, and overseer of the poor of Northampton. In 187S he was a member of the House of Representatives, and served on the com- mittee on military affairs. In 1879 he was returned to the state Senate from the Hampshire district, and served as chair- man of the committee on manufactures, and as a inember of the committee on military affairs and on the library. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1880, and was appointed chairman of the committee on military affairs, serving also on the committee on public service. On the ist of March, 1847, in Manches- ter, Conn., General Otis marrietl Catharine, daughter of Cyrus Preston, of South Had- ley. They have two children : Harry P. and Philip .V. Otis. OXLEY, Frederick Norman, son of Edward Barker and Mary J. ( Smith) O.xley, was born in River Philip, Nova Scotia, F'ebruary 14, 1849. After the public schools of his native place, he enjoyed the advantages of a private school and tuition. Mr. Oxley came to the States in 1867, and has since resided in Massachusetts. In 1872 he formed a partnership with Ber- nard Billings, under the firm name of Bil- lings & Oxley, druggists. In 1875 he bought the interest of Mr. Billings, and has since continued the busi- ness of pharmacist in his own name and at the same location. Mr. Oxley was married in Ashland, May 28, 1873, to Ella Maria, daughter of John N. and Mary J. (Hatch) West. Of this union were five children : Edward P., Eunice M. (deceased), Norman M., Arthur P., and George F. Oxley. Mr. Oxley was a member of the House of Representatives in 1866, has been a mem- ber of the Republican state central commit- tee, of the Republican town committee thir- teen years, and town assessor six years. PACKARD, De Witt Clinton, son of Washburn and Hannah (Packard) Pack- ard, was born in North Bridgewater, Plym- outh county, September 22, 1836. He received a common school and academic training, taught common schools a short time, and in i860 was chosen prin- cipal of the academy at Plympton. In 1862 he engaged in the shoe business. In 1865 he formed a co-partnership with Oliver F. Leach, under the firm naine of Leach & Packard, and engaged in the manufacture of shoes for southern and western trade. In 1871 the co-partnership was dissolved by mutual consent, and the business — mainly New England trade — was carried on by Mr. Packard until 1879, when other business, principally mortgage and broker- age, engrossed his time and attention, till the shoe business was gradually aban- doned. Mr. Packard was married in Brockton, January 5, 1865, to Clarissa J., daughter 454 TADDOCK. PAIGE. of Oliver and Susannah (Howland) Leach. Of this union are two children : Clinton Francis and Clara Washburn Packard. Mr. Packard was one of the committee of citizens appointed by the town of Brock- ton to prepare and obtain a cit)- char- ter. In r88i he was elected town clerk, in 1882, city clerk, which office he has held to the present time, without interruption, having been re-elected each year by unan- imous vote. He was one of the enu- merators of the United States census m 1880 ; was one of the trustees of the pub- lic library from 1876 to 'S8, and a member of the school board from 1879 to '83. He has held a commission as justice of the peace since 1875, and was appointed by the governor a commissioner to qualify civil officers in 1884, which ofifice he now holds. Though not now in any way connected with the press, he was formerly a con- tributor and correspondent to the Boston "Journal," "Post," "Saturday Evening Ga- zette," " New England Farmer," " Massa- chusetts Ploughman," and "Moore's Rural New Yorker," and for a time, in the early days of that journal, a reporter for the " Brockton Gazette." Mr. Packard was a skilled workman, when a mere boy, in the trade of shoe- making, and inspired with love for books, industriously conned his Latin while peg- ging shoes. His father was one of the first, if not the first, to manufacture " con- gress " shoes in North Bridgewater. PADDOCK, Benjamin Henry, son of the Rev. Seth Birdsey and Emily (Flagg) Paddock, was born in Norwich, New Lon- don county. Conn., February 29, 1828. His early education was received at pri- vate schools in Norwich. Entering Trin- ity College, Hartford, Conn., he graduated in the year 1848, when he taught one year at the Connecticut Episcopal Academv. Cheshire. In 1849 he entered the Genera! Theological Seminary, New York City, graduating therefrom in 1852. His a/»ia «;(j!/<';- subsequently conferred upon him the honorary degree of S. T. D. He was assistant minister in Epiphany church, New York City, for one year ; rector of Trinity church, Norwich, Conn., until i860 ; rector of Christ church, De- troit, Mich., until 1869 ; rector of Grace church, Brooklyn Heights, N. Y., until 1873 ; and on September 17, 1873, he was consecrated bishop of Massachusetts, hold- ing that ofifice at the present time, his resi- dence being in the city of Boston. On the 19th of May, 1853, Bishop Pad- dock was married to Caroline H. Cooke, of Wallingford, Conn., who died in i860. In 1863 he was again married, to Anna L., daughter of Henry K. and Caro- line (Prentiss) Sanger, of Detroit, Mich. Their children are : Lewis H., Emilv S., and Anna G. Paddock. Bishop Paddock has filled the high and responsible ofifice to which he has been called, to the great acceptance of the church of which he has so long been an honored representative member. PAIGE, Calvin Ammidoun, son of Timothy and Cynthia Ammidoun Paige, was born in Southbridge, ^^'orcester county, June 7, 1820. He received his early education in the common schools and academy. At the age of thirteen he was employed as clerk in a country store, and when twenty-three years of age, commenced in a cotton man- ufactory as clerk and superintendent, and afterwards as agent and treasurer of the CALVIN A. PAIGE. Dresser Manufacturing Company, and con- tinued twenty-five years, until 1870, at which time the mill was destroyed by fire. He was elected as a representative to the Legislature in 1863. He has held many of the town ofifices, covering a period of more than twenty-five years, among them, selectman, assessor, overseer of the poor (which ofifice he now holds), and much of PAIGE. PAINE. 455 the time chairman and cleri< of the boards named. He has held the office of notary piibhc ; lias been a director in Southbridge National Bank, and a trustee of Southbridg-e Savings Bank more than thirty years. He is also a commissioner to qualify civil officers. He has served several years on various committees of the town, one of the most important being that to oppose its division by the Legislature in 1854. Mr. Paige was married in Southbridge, May 9, 1843, to Mercy, daughter of Har- vey Dresser, of Charlton, who died Sep- tember 14, 1852. He married his second wife, Ellen Jane Scholefield, of Dudley, February 20, 1856. His children are: Mary Elisabeth, born April 7, 1846, died Sep- tember 2, 1848 ; Calvin D., born May 20, 1848 ; Frank S., born May 18, 1857. The two sons are now doing business and living in Southbridge. Mr. Paige is not now in active business. He has much public spirit, and takes great interest in town affairs, and finds consider- able time to attend to politics, being an ardent Republican. PAIGE, Frank E., son of Francis B. and Klzada (Haskins) Paige, was born in Amherst, Hampshire county, March 22, 1859. His early education was received in the schools of Amherst. He began life on the farm, and by industry has risen to his present position. He chose the profession of law, and having prepared himself by close ap- plication, was admitted to the Hampshire county bar at the age of twenty-one, being the youngest member up to that time ever admitted. Since that time he has had a large and successful practice in Amherst, where he now resides. He has been secretary and treasurer of the Hampshire Agricultural Society for several years ; in 1886 he was elected treasurer of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, and has charge of the finances of that institution. In 1887 he was elected to take charge of the law department of the college, and each year has given a course of lectures. In 1 888 he was elected to the House of Representatives, as a Republican, serving as clerk of the agricultural committee. He has held many town offices, is promi- nent in Masonry, and for a long time has held important positions in the local organi- zations. During his legislative service he was the promoter and advocate of the yearly appro- priation of five thousand dollars by the State to the college of which he is treasurer, for the purpose of paying poor and needy students for labor on the farm, that they might be able to attend the college and ob- tain the educational training offered by the institution. He was also, upon the floor of the House, foremost in advocating the cause of the farmers of the Common- wealth. Mr. Paige is- unmarried. He has trav- eled extensively, visiting nearly every part of the United States, and many foreign lands. PAINE, Robert Treat, son of Charles Cushingand Fanny Cabot (Jackson) Paine, was born in Boston, October 28, 1835. His great grandfather was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He received his early educational training in the private and public schools of Boston, entering the Boston Latin school at ten, and graduating at fifteen. He has always regarded these five years as an invaluable training. Mr. Paine entered Harvard in 185 i, and was graduated with htmors in the class of 1855, among such distinguished classmates as Francis C. Barlow, Rev. Phillips Brooks, Alexander Agassiz, Theodore Lyman and Frank B. Sanborn. Mr. Paine studied law at Harvard one year, and then passed two years in Italy, Switzerland, Germany, France and Spain ; returned to Boston in 1858 ; studied law in the offices of Richard H. Dana and Francis E. Parker one year, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. He practiced till 1870, when he retired from active business, in- tending to devote the remainder of his life to various benevolent enterprises, one of the first of which was the building of Trin- ity church, which took a large share of his time from 1872 to '76, he being one of the sub-committee of three who had charge of the work. He was chosen the first president of the Associated Charities at its origin in 1878, and has held that office ever since. He organized the Wells Memorial Institute in 1879, the largest workingmen's club in the United States, and having now over seventeen hundred members. He became its first president, which office he still retains, and raised the various subscriptions which have paid out over ninety thousand dollars for the memorial building. Mr. Paine was married in Boston, April 24, 1862, to Lydia Williams, daughter of George Williams and Anne (Pratt) Lyman. Her father was the son of Theodore Ly- 456 PAINE. PAINE. man, a distinguished Boston merchant at the beginning of this century. Of this union are five children : Edith (Mrs. John H. Storer), Robert Treat Paine, Jr., Ethel L)-man, George Lyman, and Lydia L_vman Paine. Mr. Paine's winter residence is 6 Joy Street, Boston, and his summer residence is at Waltham. Mr. Paine represented Waltham in the Hou.se of Representatives in 1884 ; has been a member of the vestry of Trinity church, Boston, for fifteen years ; a mem- ber of the e.xecutive committee of the Episcopal city mission, and also of the ROBERT TREAT PAINE. Society for the Suppression of Vice. He is one of the trustees of donations to the Protestant Episcopal church, and is presi- dent of the ^^'orkingmen's Co-operative Bank, Workingmen's Building Association, Loan Association, and Congress of A\'ork- ingmen's clubs. Mr. Paine was a candidate for congres- sional honors in the 5th Massachusetts district in 1884, as a Mugwump and Dem- ocrat. He had always been a Republican (and Free Soiler) till the nomination of Mr. Hlaine. He is vice-president of the Children's Aid Society, of which his mother was one of the founders, and a director as long as she lived. Starting in life with no money, his sav- ings at the law were so judiciouslv in- vested in real estate and railroad and min- ing enterprises, that at thirty-five vears of age he gave up business with an independ- ent fortune of his own making. In 1887 Mr. Paine gave ten thousand dollars to Harvard College to endow a fellowship for the study of "the ethical problems of society, the effects of legis- lation, governmental administration, and private philanthropy, to ameliorate the lot of the mass of mankind." This eminent philanthropist has done something more than theorize. Besides his twenty-five published pamjihlets and addresses, all for the public weal, he has thrown himself and his wealth into the work of raising the unfortunate, improv- ing the condition, and especially tiie homes, of the working-classes, strengthening pri- vate morals and public " law and order." PAINE, Tl.WOTHY Otis, son of Fred- eric and Abiel (Ware) Paine, was born in Winslow, Kennebec county, Maine, Octo- ber 13, 1824. Having availed himself of the common school training in his native town, he ]3re- jiared for college in the Waterville Liberal Listitute, i84o-'43. He entered Waterville College (now Colby University) in 1S43, and was graduated in the class of 1847. From 1848 to '52 he studied and worked as an artist, and then prepared for the ministry, which he entered in 1853, and in which he has continued up to the present time. In 1866 he became professor of Hebrew in the theological school at Waltham, afterwards at Boston, and in i88g at Cam- bridge ; and is now professor emeritus of the sacred languages. He has been pastor of the East Bridgewater society of the New Jerusalem church since 1856. Mr. Paine was married in Medford, October 13, 1856, to Agnes, daughter of Adonis and Catherine (Holnian) Howard. They have had eight children : Edith (Mrs. George Benedict), Howard, Miriam deceased), Joseph (deceased), Isabel Mrs. Henry Hastings Grant), Bertha, James (deceased), and Herbert \\'are Paine. Mr. Paine is a member and honorary member of several literary societies in England, Nova Scotia, and the United States. He received the degree of LL. D. from Colby in 1875. He is the author of "Solomon's Temple" (1S61), and "The Holv Houses" (1885, Houghton, Mifflin (S: Co.). PALI-RAV. PALMER 457 PALFRAY, Charles Warwick, was born in Salem, Essex county, December 20, 1813. He is the son of Warwick and Elizabeth (Roundy) I'alfray, anda descend- ant of Peter I'alfray, one of the "Old Planters'" who came to Salem in 1626 with Roger Conant and others. He attended the private school of Samuel H. Archer, was a member of the first class of the Salem EngHsh high school, and was l,HARLES W. PALFRAY. fitted for college by Henry K. Oliver. He entered Harvard College in 1831, and was graduated in 1835. After graduation he completed a legal course in the office of Hon. Leverett Sal- tonstall in Salem, and at the Dane law school in Cambridge. He received his degree of LL. B. in 1838, after which he was admitted to practice in all the courts of the Commonwealth. He opened a law office in Salem for a short time, but never practiced, his father dying a few days Ijefore his admission to the bar, and in August, 1838, the son succeeded him as one of the editors of the Essex, now Salem, " Register," with which he has been connected ever since. Mr. Palfray was a representative to the General Court, from Salem, in 1840, '41, '64 and '66. He was a member of the state valuation committee in 1865 ; collec- tor of customs for the district of Salem and Beverly from 1869 to '73 ; a mem- ber of the Essex Institute, a fellow of the .\merican Association for the Advance- ment of Science, and an honorary member of A. B. C. F. M. He has never married. PALMER, Charles Dana, son of George Wall and Ellen H. (Jackson) Pal- mer, was born in Cambridge, Middlesex county, November 25, 1845. His early education was received in the Dwight school, Boston. He fitted for college in the Boston public Latin school, graduating therefrom in 1864. He entered Harvard University the same year, and was graduated in the class of 186S. In October, 1868, he went to Lawrence, entering the employment of the Washing- ton Mills. He was sent to Canada in 1869 to purchase wool for the company. In 1872 he entered into partnership with Thomas H. Gray, of Vvalpole, and John I'endergast, of Lawrence, with whom, in c district. In 1885 and '86 he was a member of the Republican state central conmiittee. Major Palmer was married, in July, 1861, to Martha G., the daughter of Joshua and Matilda (Prescott) Eaton of Groton. His family consists of two daughters and one son : Mary Hale. M.ittie Eaton, and Frank Henrv Pahuer. PARK, Edwards AiMASA, son of Calvin and .\bigail (Ware) Park, was born in Provi- dence, R. I., December 29, 1808. His father was formerly a professor in Brown Univer- sity, afterward a Congregational pastor in Stoughton ; and he is descended on the paternal side from Richard Park, one of the original settlers of Newton. His mother was the daughter of Captain Na- thaniel Ware, of \\'rentham, a descendant from Robert Ware, one of the original settlers of Dedham. Dr. Park was graduated at Brown Uni- versity in 1826, and at Andover Theolog- ical Seminary in 1831. He was pastor at Braintree, i83i-'33 ; professor of mental and moral philosophy at Amherst College, i835-'36 ; professor of sacred rhetoric at Andover Theological Seminary, i836-'47 ; professor of Christian theology at Andover, PARKER. PARKKR. 459 i847-'Si. Thus he has held a professor- ship in the seminary forty-live years, and has been connected with it in some capac- ity nearly fifty-six years. In iS42-'43, also in i862-'63, he visited Great Britain, PVance, Switzerland and Germany. During these two visits he spent much of his time at the German universities — four months at Marburg, four months at Berlin, and three months at Halle. In i869-'7o he made the tour of Italy, Greece, Egypt and Palestine. He has published numerous essays in theological quarterlies ; si.xteen or seven- teen pamphlets ; four volumes of memoirs ; the first a memoir of Rev. William Brad- ford Homer ; the second, of Professor B. B. Edwards ; the third, of Dr. Samuel Hopkins ; the fourth, of Dr. Nathanael Emmons. In 1844 he united with Pro- fessor B. B. Edwards in establishing the " Bibliotheca Sacra," and was its chief editor from 1851 till '84. He was en- gaged in the publication of forty volumes of this quarterly. In connection with Professor Austin Phelps and Dr. Lowell Mason, he edited the " Sabbath Hymn Book," which reached a circulation of about a hundred and twenty thousand copies between 1859 and '66. His first published essay appeared in 1826 ; his last pamphlet contained ninety-eight pages, and appeared in 1883 ; his last publication was a volume of " Discourses on some Theological Doctrines as related to Re- ligious Character," and appeared in 18S3. For more than thirty years he has been president of the board of trustees of Abbott Academy at Andover ; by the will of the founder, he was appointed one of the original trustees of Smith College at Northampton ; since 1865 he has been a member of the board of fellows of Brown University. He has been elected a mem- ber of the Victoria Institute in England, and of several historical societies in the United States. PARKER, Charles Wallingford, son of Charles and Mary Hildreth (Wal- lingford) Parker, was born in Framing- ham, Middlese.x county, June 27, 1831. He was educated in the district school and at Framingham Academy, until the age of fifteen. April 20, 1847, he was employed in a retail clothing store in Worcester. In 1849 he entered the employ of Addi- son Macullar — his former fellow-clerk — and in i860 he became a partner in the house. His business connection with Mr. Macullar has continued for over forty years. The well-known clothing firm of Macul- lar, Parker & Company — still under Mr. Parker's management — occupies, by gen- eral consent, the first position in its special line in New' England. Mr. Parker was married in Chelsea, No- vember 30, 1854, to Mary J., daughter of Charles E. and Ann (Huse) Schoff. Of this union were five children : Mary, Charles S., Herman, Allston, and Ross Parker, all of whom are living except- ing Allston. Mr. Parker has studiously avoided all methods that lead to political preferment, finding in letters, in art, and in foreign CHARLES W, PARKER. travel, as well as in a conscientious dis- charge of manifold duties as a private cit- izen, employer, and parent — work more satisfactory to his quiet tastes and unob- trusive character. For many years he was the chairman of the executive committee of the Church of the Disciples, and one of the circle of James Freeman Clarke's personal friends and warm supporters. In land.scape gardening at his summer place, " Redgate," in Marblehead, Mr. Parker has been instrumental in reclaim- ing an unpromising territory of considera- ble extent to a state of rare beauty and culture. 46a PAKKEK. PARKER. His interest in tiie manufacture of do- mestic woolens of the finer quality has secured for him a deserved recognition, and he has been called to the presidency of Georges River Woolen Mills, in War- ren, Me., a corporation extensively engaged in that business. Mr. Parker is a descendant of pure New England stock, his paternal ancestors hav- ing come to this country from England in 1628. The farm on which he was born was in the possession of the family for over one hundred and fifty years. Mr. Parker is a conspicuous example of the successful, representative, self-made business men of New England. PARKER, George C, son of Asa and Ann 2\largaret (McCorristine) Parker, was born in Acton, Middlesex county, June 19, 1826. He obtained a common school education, and then prepared for college in Ashby Academy, Lawrence Academy, Groton, and Appleton Academy, New Ips- wich, N. H. He was graduated from Union GEORGE G PARKER. College, New York, in the class of 1852 ; studied law in the Albany law school. New York, and practiced law at Piqua, Miami county, Ohio, and at Westfield, New York. He removed to Milford, Mass., in 1856, and has since been a member of the Wor- cester county bar. Mr. Parker was married in Milford, De- cember 26, 1854, to Augusta, daughter of Rev. James T. and Augusta (Porter) Woodbury. Of this union was one child : Margaret Augusta Parker (since lieceased). He has an adopted daughter, Lillian Blanche. i\Ir. Parker is senior warden of Trinity church, Milford ; has been ten years chair- man of the Milford school board ; secre- tary of the Milford Mutual Fire Lisurance Company twenty-five years, and was a member of the House of Representatives in 1876. PARKER, George Judson, son of Samuel W. and Charlotte B. (George) Par- ker, was born in Reading, Middlesex county, February 10, 1850. He attended the public schools of Read- ing imtil thirteen years of age ; on his removal to Boston, in 1863, he entered the Dwight school, from which he graduated in 1865, and the same year entered the English high school. \Vhen seventeen years of age he began work in one of the departments of |5iano-forte manufacture in the employ of George M. Guikl, at eighteen remov- ing to Leominster, and engaging with Allen & Jewett in the same industry. . At twenty-one he returned to Boston, entering the employ of Henry F. Miller, at the same time beginning the study of music with Idseph P. Cobb, and continuing later with J. W. Tufts and John Hodsdon. He went to Europe in 1882 ; studied in Lon- don with Shakspeare, Randegger, and Behnke ; in Milan with San Cliovanni ; at Nice with Lamperti (phc), and in Paris with Sbriglia. He has been a member of the Boylston and Cecilia clubs. He is at present a member of the Apollo Club, and is en- gaged as oratorio and concert soloist (tenor), having sung for the principal mu- sical societies of Boston, and at Washing- ton, Chicago, Philadelphia, and the leading musical centres of the United States and Canada. His present vocation is tenor soloist and vocal teacher. PARKER, HENRY G., was born in Plymouth, Plvniouth countv, March 19, 1836. His father, Ebenezer Grosvenor Parker, was born in Falmouth, in 1796. The grandfather of Colonel Parker, Dr. Henry Parker, was also born in Falmouth, and was a surgeon in the United States navy. The mother of Colonel Parker was Rebecca PARKER. PARKER. 461 Morton, daughter of William Davis, of Plymouth. In his earlier years Colonel Parker at- tended the common school of his native town, but after the removal of his mother to Boston, he attended a famous private school in Brookfield, where William Bliss, president of the Boston & Albany Rail- road, Charles P. Clark, president of the New York & New Haven Railroad, Stan- ton and .Arthur W. Blake and their brother, the late Ceorge Baty Blake, were among his fellow-pupils. Later he attended the -Adams school and Chauncy Hall school in Boston. HENRY G. PARKER, On his retirement from school, when his entrance into college would have been an easy step, his mother yielded reluctantly to his strongly expressed wishes for an ac- tive life, and he entered as a boy the store of Blanchard, Converse & Co., of Boston. .After a year's service there, he became as- sistant book-keeper in the counting-room of Callender, Rogers & Co., also of Bos- ton, where he remained three years. Dur- ing the succeeding three years he was employed as book-keeper by Blodget, Clark & Brown, and subsequently took the position of confidential clerk in the private office of Jordan, Marsh &: Co.'s wholesale establishment, which he held until 1869. He married. June 7, 1865, Lucy Joseph- ine, daughter of the late William Brown, well known as a druggist, of Boston. They have no children, their only daughter hav- ing died in 1878. Colonel Parker was a prolific writer and a popular and constant contributor and critic for the "New A'ork Mirror," "Bos- ton Daily Courier," and " Boston Saturday Evening Gazette." In April, 1870, he pur- chased the " Saturday Evening Gazette," and became its proprietor and editor. In 1869, and again in 1872, he was selected genera! secretary of the executive committee of the National Peace Jubilee (of which committee the Hon. Ale.xander H. Rice was chairman). When Mr. Rice was inaugurated governor of Massachu- setts, in 1876, he appointed Colonel Par- ker a member of his .staff. He served in this capacity during the three years' term of Governor Rice, and received the de- served compliment of a re-appointment by Governor Talbot. He purchased an estate in Swampscott in 1882, where he resides a portion of each year, his winter home being on Common- wealth Avenue, Boston. Few men are bet- ter known in club and mercantile life in that city, and the prominence he has ac- (juired in the publication of his brilliantly conducted " Gazette " has given him a con- spicuous standing in social circles. PARKER, James Cutler Dunn, son of Samuel Hale and Sarah (Parker) Parker, was born in Boston, June 2, 1828. His early education was obtained at the .Adams school, and at the public Latin school, where he was fitted for college un- der E. S. Dixwell. He was graduated from the Latin school in 1843, spent a year at home occupied with various studies, and entered Harvard in 1844. In 1856 the college bestowed upon him the degree of A. M. Immediately after graduating from Har- vard, he entered the law office of Samuel Dunn Parker, county attorney of Suffolk, where he studied until 1851, when circum- stances induced him to change his profes- sion to that of music, and he immediately went abroad, and for three years studied in Leipsic. After six months' travel in Europe he returned to Boston in 1854, and has pursued the profession of music to the present time in that city. For the past twenty-five years he has been the organist of Trinity church. On the 6th day of September, 1859, Mr. Parker was married, in Boston, to ]\Iaria, daughter of John and Rebecca (Punchard) 462 PARKER. PARKMAN. Derby. Their three children are : Hamil- ton Derby, James Cutler, and Philip Stan- ley Parker. Mr. Parker's present residence is in Brookline. He has refrained from identifying him- self with political, literary, military or re- ligious organizations of an}' kind, giving his entire time to the profession in which he is a well-known, ardent and successful devotee. PARKER, James O., son of Asa and Relief (Brown) Parker, was born on the 22d of November, 1827, in Pembroke, Merrimack county, N.H., and was educated at the common schools and at the Concord Academy. In 1845 he was clerk in the Concord post-office, which position he held for two years, and then became mail agent between Boston and Burlington, Vt. In 1853 he took the position of railroad station agent, which he held till 1872. In 1873 he was elected a representative to the state Legis- lature, and sat in the Senate of 1883 and '84, representing the 6th Esse.x senatorial district, having then, as now, his residence in the town of Methuen. On the 1 2th of November, 1849, at Lebanon, N. H., Mr. Parker was married to Frances C, daughter of William and Lucinda (Eldridge) Billings. Their only child is Helen F. Spooner Parker. PARKHURST, Wellington E., son of Charles F. W. and Mary (Goodale) Parkhurst, was born in Framingham, Mid- dlesex county, January 19, 1835. The public schools and Framingham Academy gave him his early educational training. He began his business career in 1856 as paymaster in the Lancaster Quilt Com- pany, Clinton, where he remained three years. Subsequently he was engaged in teach- ing, and was two years in the Clinton Sav- ings Bank. He was also on the editorial staff of the "Worcester Spy." He is now editor of the " Clinton Courant," which position he has held since 1865. Mr. Parkhurst was married September 13, 1866, to Hattie F., daughter of Arte- mas Fairbank, of West Boylston, who died December 13, 1885. His second marriage occurred August 9, 1887, with Georgiana B., daughter of George and Pamela (Fames) Warren, of Framingham. Mr. Parkhurst has been honored by vari- ous positions of trust ; he has been town clerk, assessor, treasurer, director of the library and member of the Clinton school boa I'd. PARKMAN, Francis, the son of Fran- cis Parkman, D. D., and Caroline Hall Parkman, was born in Boston, September 16, 1823, His early boyhood was passed with his maternal grandfather on the border of the Middlesex Fells, a wild wooded region near Boston, which still retains much of its native character. There he became familiar with those phases of uncultivated nature that were either consonant to his inherited tastes, or furnished the mould to his formative stage, that shaped the genius of the future historian of the Northern settlements and of the French and Indian wars. His studies at this time were somewhat desultory, his historian averring that " he learned a little Latin and Greek, but was more proficient in catching squirrels and woodchucks." He was afterwards trained for college in Boston, and was graduated from Harvard with the class of 1844. His vacations were spent chiefly in the vast forest between Maine and Canada, or in those of Canada itself, or else examining the scenes of battles, raids, and skirmishes in the French and Indian wars. He afterwards made many journeys over various parts of the continent, the most remarkable being that into the Indian country west of the Mississippi, of which he has written a graphic account in " The Oregon Trail." This experience was in- valuable. Such knowledge of the true inwardness of Indian life no other historian and no prominent writer of English ever obtained. He also made repeated visits to Europe in search of material for his histor- ical works. His most noted works are : " The Oregon Trail," "The Conspiracy of Pontiac," " Pioneers of France in the New World," " The Jesuits in North America," " La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West," " The Old Regime in Canada," " Count Frontenac and New France under the Reign of Louis XIV.," and " Montcalm and Woffe." He is vice-president of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and was for thirteen years one of the seven trustees of Harvard University, of which he has also served twice as overseer. He was three years president of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, six years president of the St. Botolph Clulj, and is a member of numerous learned soci- eties in Europe and America. In May, 1850, Mr. Parkman was married in Boston to Catherine S., daughter of the I'ARKMAX. PARTON. 463 late Jacob Bigelow, M. D. Of this union were three children : (Irace (now Mrs. Charles P. Coffin), Francis (who died in infancy), and Catherine S. (now Mrs. J. T. Coolidge, 3d). Mrs. Parkman died in 1858. PARKMAN, Henry, son of Samuel and Mary Eliot (Dwight) Parkman, was born in Boston, May 23, 1850. His early educational training was in private schools, in which he fitted for col- lege. He was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1870, and from the Harvard law school in 1873. He immediately went into active law practice, became successful in his profes- sion, and is to-day a representative of the younger legal fraternity of Boston. He has been called to various posts of public and private trust, and been honored Ijy city and state official positions. He was a member of the Boston common council in 1879, 'So, '81, '82, '83 and '84 ; was representative of ward 9, city of Bos- ton, in the Legislature of 1886, '87 and '88, serving on the committees on labor, street railways, bills in the third reading, cities, and rules, and has been secretary and presi- dent of the Republican city committee of Boston. He is secretary of the Provident Insti- tution for Savings, and president of the Adams Nervine Asylum, and of the train- ing school for nurses. PARKS, Eugene D., son of Horace and Ellen M, (Lewis) Parks, was born in Russell, Hampden county, Januarv 17, 1862. ' The common schools of Russell gave him his early school training, after which he attended the Westfield high school. His entry into business life was in April, 1879. Li 1888 he took the position of telegraph operator and helper at Russell Station, B. & A. R. R. Mr. Parks was married in Springfield, Oct. 22, 1888, to Lizzie P.elle, daughter of Alexander H. O. and Lizzie S. (Russell) Lewis. They have no children. Mr. Parks was chairman of the board of selectmen, assessors and overseers of the poor, 1877 and '78 ; and is now chairman of the Democratic town committee. He has also served two years as town treas- urer, and one year as tax collector. His church connections are with the Bap- tists, being prominently identified with the Sunday-school work. In all the positions he has held, he has preserved the respect and esteem of his fellow-townsmen. PARKS, Roland, son of Warren and Lydia (Sackett) Parks, — both natives of Blandford, Hampden county — was born in that town, December 31, 1803. His grandfather, Roger Parks, settled in Blandford at an early day, and was one of the hard)' pioneers who first commenced felling the trees and establishing their homes among the hills of western Massa- chusetts. Mr. Parks passed his boyhood on the ancestral farm, remaining there until the death of his father, in 1835. He then started in the world for himself, removing to Russell, where for the next five years he gave his attention to farming, which business he relinquished in 1842, having been appointed station agent for the West- ern (now Boston & Albany) Railroad, at Russell. He was the first agent at that station, and retained the position till 1851, after which time he was for two years deputy sheriff and jailer for the county. During Franklin Pierce's administration he was connected with the Boston Custom House, where he remained four years as inspector. He has had a general store at Russell at different times from 1843 to '67. Mr. Parks has several times served in the state Legislature, occupying a seat in the House of Representatives in the years 1841, '51 and '64, during which period he was a member of many important com- mittees. He has been justice of the peace for a number of years ; was from 1873 to '77 special county commissioner, and has also been postmaster. He has held every niunicipal office in the .gift of his town except that of school committee, which he declined. Mr. Parks has been energetic in local improvements, especially influential in pro- curing the building of the beautiful iron bridge over the river when the Boston & Albany Railroad Company changed their track at Russell station. He was married, June 25, 1836, to Marcia, daughter of William and Rhoda Culver, of Blandford. He had one child : Olive C, (wife of Jarvis W. Gibbs, of Russell) who was born 1S37, and who died 1887. Politically Mr. Parks was a war Demo- crat. He has voted the national Demo- cratic ticket every term, from .Vndrew Jack- son to Grover Cleveland, inclusive. PARTON, James, son of James and Ann (Leach) Parton, was born in Canter- bury, England, February 9, 1822. He was brought to the United States when he was five years old, and being educated in the schools of New York t'ity, 464 PARTON. PARTRIDGE. and at White Plains, N. Y., the temper and tone of his intellect have been essen- tially American. After teaching in Philadelphia and New York City, he became a contributor to the " Home Journal," with which he was connected for three years. He resided in New York City till 1875, when he re- moved to Newburyport, where he now resides. Mr. Parton has published a number of books on biographical subjects, and con- tributed many articles to periodicals. His life of Horace Greeley, published first in 1855, with a later edition in 1885, was a most successful publication. He is well and deservedly known as a lecturer on literary and political topics. The following are some of his published works : " Humorous Poetry of the Eng- lish Language from Chaucer to Sa.xe " (1856); " I^ife and Times of Aaron Burr " (1857); " Life of Andrew Jackson " (1859- '60); "General Butler in New Orleans" (i863-'82); " Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin" (1864); "How New York is Governed" (1866); "Famous Americans of Recent Times " (1867); "The People's Book of Biography" (1868); "Triumphs of Enterprise, Ligenuity and Public Spirit " (1871); "The Words of Washington" (1872); "Fanny Fern, a Memorial Vol- ume " (1873); " Life of Thomas Jefferson " (1874); " Zliza, Theodore Warren, and Robert John Walker, all living, and Cordelia Hildreth and Laura Henshaw, deceased. His sec- ond wife, whom he married in Fairfield, Conn., October 11, 1866, is the youngest daughter of the late Hon. Isaiah L. Green, who represented the district of Barnstable in Congress as early as 1805. In 1862 Major Phinney represented Provincetown at Washington, upon the subject of the fishery treaty, when a hear- ing was held under President Grant. He has been largely interested in, and closely identified with, the business indus- tries of Plymouth county, is a prominent Mason, member of Boston Commandery, K. T., and a valued and respected citizen. PHIPPS, Marcus Chauncy, son of David and Elizabeth Phipps, was born in Milford, \\'orcester county, March 14, The common tlistrict school of those days furnished the facilities for his educa- tion, of which he availed himself until of age. He worked at the trade of bo-\-mak- ing by the day for ten years. In 1856 he went into business for him- self as bo.\ manufacturer, in Hopkinton. In 1863 he enlarged his establishment, re- moving to a better location in the town, and is still engaged in this line of work. 478 PICKERING. PIERCE. Mr. Phipps was married in Hopedale, in 1849, by the Rev. Adin Ballon, to Amy, daughter of Andrius and Louisa Wheelock, of Mendon. Of this union were four chil- dren : Austin Wheelock, Walter Andrews, Cora, and Fred Oscar Phipps. Mr. Phipps was a member of the board of selectmen from 1865 to '69, from 1871 to '76, '79, '82 and '83, and road commissioner for many years, and was a member of the Legislature in 1869. He is a lineal descendant of Sir William Phipps, governor of Massachusetts in 1692. PICKERING, Edward Charles, son of Edward and Charlotte (Hammond) Pick- ering, was born in Boston, July 19, 1846. He was graduated in the civil-engineer- ing course of the Lawrence scientific school. Harvard University, 1865. During the year following he was called to be instructor of physics in the Institute of Technology, Boston. He held the full professorship from 1868 to '77. Professor Pickering devised plans for the physical laboratory in the Institute, and introduced the e.xperimental methods of teaching physics, at a time when this mode of instruction had not been adopted else- where. His scientific work during these years consisted largely of researches in physics, chiefly the polarization of light, and the laws of its reflection and disper- sion. He also described a new form of spectrum telescope, and in 1870 invented a telephone receiver, which he publicly exhibited. He observed the total eclipse of the sun August 7, 1869, at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, with a scientific party sent for that purpose, and was a member of the United States coast survey expedition to Xeres, Spain, to observe that of December 20, 1870, having charge of the polariscope. In 1876 he was appointed professor of astronomy at Harvard, and under his man- agement its observatory has become one of the foremost in the world. His princi- pal work since he accepted this position has been the determination of the relative brightness of the stars. He has prepared a catalogue giving the brightness of more than four thousand stars. He has also made photometric measurements of Jupi- ter's satellites while they were undergoing eclipse, and also of the satellites of Mars. Professor Pickering has also devoted much time and labor to the surveying of mountains, and determining the height and velocity of clouds, the result of which has been the contribution of many papers to the .\ppalachian Club, of which he was president in 1877 and '82. He is an associate of the Royal Astro- nomical Society of London, from which he received in 18S6 the gold medal for photo- metric research. He also received mem- bership in other scientific societies in the LTnited States, Great Britain, and Europe. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, by which body he was honored in 1887 in the award of the Henry Draper Medal for his work on astronomical physics. He also received the Massachusetts Chari- table Mechanic .\.ssociation Medal in 1884. In 1S76 he was elected vice-president of the .American Association for the .Advance- ment of Science. His scientific writings are numerous and valuable. Professor Pickering was married in Cam- bridge, March 9, 1874, to E. W., daughter of Jared and Mary C. (Silsbee) Sparks. He has won and received four degrees : S. B., Harvard, 1865 ; A. M., Harvard, 1880; LL. D., University of California, 1886, and the University of Michigan, 1887. PIERCE, Andrew G., son of Otis N. and Susan (Irinnell (Cross) Pierce, was born in New Bedford, Bristol county, .Au- gust 9, 1829. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public schools. He gradu- ated from the New Bedford high school. He began his business career as clerk with Edward L. Baker of New Bedford, manufacturer of oil and candles. When Mr. Baker became treasurer of the Wamsutta Mills, at the organization of the corporation, Mr. Pierce remained with him as clerk. Mr. Pierce was married in New Bedford, July 17, 1S54, to Caroline Lincoln, daugh- ter of Znchariah and Sylvia Jenney Hill- man. Of this union were si.x children : Edward T., Mary H., Andrew G., Jr., Louisa C, Albert R., and Elsie H. Pierce. Mr. Pierce has been a member of the New Bedford common council ; member of the board of aldermen, and was mayor of the city for two years, 1868 and '69. He was elected treasurer of the Wam- sutta Mills in 1855, and its president in 1885. He is one of the leading business men of New Bedford, and much of the manufacturing prosperity of the city is due to his energy and business sagacity. PIERCE, ChAUNCEY H., son of Chaun- cey and Florilla (Cooley) Pierce, was born in Amherst, Hampshire county. May 16, 1848. His education was what could be obtained in a country school between the ages of four and twelve years His mother being left a widow when he was one year old, it was necessary for him to contribute to the family PIERCE. PIERCE. 479 support as soon as possible. 'I'liiis being deprived of fLirtiier sciiooUng ai this early age, he entered Marsh's book-store in Northampton at twelve years of age ; changed to Merritt Clark's clothing store at si.xteen, and at twenty went into insur- ance on his own account. He was after- wards in company with A. Perry Peck, un- der the name of Peck iv Pierce, from 187 i to '80, and since then has continued in the same business alone. He is also largely interested in real estate and mortgages, and is manager and treasurer of the Northamp- ton Electric Lighting Co. Mr. Pierce was married in Northampton, October 16, 187 1, to Isabella I),, daughter of Lucius and Arabella .V. (Warner) Lewis. Of this union are : Malicl .\. and Alvin L. Pierce. CHAUNCEY H PIERCE. Mr. Pierce served on the last board of selectmen of the old town of Northamp- ton, and was president of the common council during the first three years after the adoption of the city charter. He is now a member of the trust fund commit- tee ; treasurer and director of the North- ampton Electric Lighting Co., and a direct- or of the Farmers' Loan and Trust Co. He started in poverty, with the care of a mother who depended upon him for sup- port, and has been signally prospered. PIERCE, Edward Lillie, son of Jesse and Eliza S. (Lillie) Pierce, was born in Stoughton, Norfolk county, May 29, 1829. He received his early education from his father, and was prepared for college in the academy at Bridgewater, and in a classical school at Easton. He was graduated from Brown University in the class of 1850, standing in some departments at the head of his class, and carrying off an un- usual number of literary prizes. In 1848 and '50 he published articles in the " Dem- ocratic Review "on " The Independence of the Judiciary," " The E.xecutive Veto," and " Sir Thomas More." His essay on " The Relation of Education to Wealth and Industrial Prosperity " was published in the " Tran.sactions of the Norfolk Agri- cultural Society" in 1852. From college he went to the law school at Cambridge, where he was graduated in 1852. Here he received the first prize offered to his cla.ss for an essay on " The Consideration of a Contract." Mr. Pierce was married in Providence, R. I., April ig, 1865, to Elizabeth H., daughter of John Kingsbury of that city. Of this union were si.x children : Edward Lillie, Mary Mackie, George Burgess, Charles Sumner, Arthur Johnson, and Reginald Kingsbury Pierce. In 1853 he wrote an able and learned article on " Secret Suffrage " for the " Bos- ton Post." This was re-printed and widely distributed in England by the " Ballot So- ciety," and referred to as an authority in Parliament. At the beginning of his professional life Mr. Pierce passed nearly a year at Cin- cinnati, Ohio, in the law office of Salmon P. Chase, then a senator, and subsequently Chief Justice of the LInited States. He continued the practice of his profession until the breaking out of the rebellion. In i860, '76, and '84 he represented his district in the national Republican con- vention at Chicago, and in that of 1 860 supported the nomination of Mr. Lincoln. In the very first week of the civil war Mr. Pierce enlisted in company L, of the 3d regiment, Massachusetts militia, went to Old Point Comfort and took part, before the week was out, in the destruction of the Norfolk navy-yard. In July of the same year he was detailed to collect the negroes at Hampton and set them to work on the intrenchments of that town. This was the beginning of the employment of negroes on military works. His article on " The Contrabands at Fortress Monroe," pub- lished in the " .Atlantic Monthly " of No- 48o PIERCE. PIERCE. veniber, 1861, attracted much attention. In December of the .same year, Mr. Chase, secretary of the treasur\% despatched Mr. Pierce to Port Royal to examine into the condition of the negroes upon the Sea Islands. In February, 1862, he returned to Washington and made a very able and exhaustive report, which was published in the " New York Tribune." and extensively copied, hotli in England and America. Largely owing to his suggestions, freed- men's aid societies were formed. He was on duty at Morris Island in Au- gust, 1863, where, without any previous request or knowledge on his part, he re- ceived notice of his appointment as collector of internal revenue for the 3d Massachusetts district. He held this office three years. Governor Bullock immediately after ap- pointed him district-attorney to fill a va- cancy in that district occasioned by the resignation of Mr. Harris. He was elected by the people to the same office in 1866 and re-elected in 1868. In October, i86g, he was appointed secretary of the board of state charities, and held that office till 1874, when he resigned. In 1875 and again in '76 he represented the town of Milton in the House of Representatives, with distinc- tion and marked ability. He is the author of the well-known act to limit municipal indebtedness. During the session of 1876 he was chairman of the judiciary commit- tee. He was appointed assistant-treas- urer of the United .States by President Hayes in December, 1878, but declined the appointment. Mr. Pierce was for ten years a lecturer at the Boston University law school. He is the author of treatises on the law of rail- roads, and of various addresses and papers on politics and literature. His best known liter- ary work is the "Memoir of Charles Sumner," the first two volumes of which were pub- lished in 1877. He has resided in Milton for many years, and has ever taken an active part in public affairs, where his in- fluence is always felt on the side of all good measures. He was the originator of the public library, and has been a trustee since its organization. He received the degree of LL. D. from Brown University in 1882. PIERCE, Henry LILLIE, son of Jesse and Eliza S. (Lillie) Pierce, was born in Stoughton, Norfolk county, August 23, 1825. He is a descendant of the " John Pers, weaver," who is recorded in an an- cient document in the English Exchequer, bearing date April 8, 1637, as "desirous to passe " with his wife and children " to Boston, in New England, to inhabitt," and who appears to have been admitted, under the name of John Pierce, to be a " free- man," in VVatertown, in March, 1638. The subject of this sketch received a good English education at the public schools in Stoughton, and at the state nor- mal school in Bridge water. In 1849 the family removed to a house in Dorchester, near \Iilton Lower Mills, where Mr. Pierce has ever since resided. In 1850 he entered the chocolate manu- factory of Walter Baker & Co., which was established on the Neponset River, near his home. On the death of the owner, in 1854, he took charge of the business, and from that time to this has been the sole manager. At an earlv age he began to take an interest in public affairs, and while still a school-boy contributed articles to some of the country papers. He took an active part in the organization of the Free Soil party of 1848, and subsequently of the party which grew out of it, and which elected Lincoln in i860. At the state election of 1859 he was chosen a member of the lower branch of the state Legisla- ture, in which he served four years — i860, '61, '62 and '66. He took the initiative in securing the repeal of the state and na- tional legislation which prevented the enlistment of colored men into the local militia and the United States army. In 1862 he was chairman of the committee on finance, and in that capacity reported and carried through the House two measures of great importance — the act providing for the payment of the state bonds in gold, and the act taxing savings banks and insurance companies. On the annexation of Dorchester to the city of Boston, in 1869, he was elected to represent that district in the board of aldermen. After serving two years, he declined a renomination. In 1872 he was nominated as a non-par- tisan candidate for the office of mayor of Boston, and, after a sharp contest, was elected. To improve the efficiency of the government, radical changes were needed in some of the departments, and such changes he not only recommended, but proceeded resolutely to carry out. Against very strong opposition, here-organized the health and fire departments, and freed them from the personal and jsartisan influ- ences to which they had long been subject. Before his first term as mayor had expired, he received the Republican nomination for representative in Congress from the 3d Massachusetts district, and was elected by PIKE. PIKE. 481 an almost unanimous vote. He served during two terms, fi^om December, 1S72, to March 4, 1877, and took a prominent part in the important legislation of that period. In 1877 he verv reluctantly became the citizens' candidate for mayor of Boston, and was elected b\' a handsome majority. He secured a complete re-organization of the police ciepartment, and an impartial and energetic enforcement of the laws regulating the sale of intoxicating liquors. At the e.Kpiration of his term he declined a re-election, and has not since held any political office. During the last ten years his time has been absorbed largely by his manufacturing business. He has traveled quite extensively in this country and Eu- rope, and he has taken a prominent part in many of the reform movements of the day. PIKE, James Davis, son of Jacob and Abigail Moody (Davis) Pike, was born February 26, 1829, in Salisbury, Essex county. After attending the public schools, he entered the employ of Samuel Bragdon, of Newburypoft, at the age of eighteen years, as a clerk in the grocery business. Subse- quently he learned the business of wool sorting, which he pursued for several years in Amesbury and Salisbury. In 1S60 he purchased the grocery and dry-goods busi- ness of John S. Poyen, in West Amesbury, adding to the stock, that of paints, oil and carriage-painters' supplies. At one time he was one of the editors and proprietors of the " Merrimac Budget," and from 1885 to '89 was connected with the Bay State Felt Boot & Shoe Company, of Merrimac, as its treasurer. Mr. Pike was married in Newburyport, October 26, i860, to Malvina, daughter of Ebenezer and Esther Rogers, who died in 1875. In 1880, he was again married, to Mrs. Lois A. Betts, daughter of Moses and Ann (Bailev) Sargent. They have one child : Ethel J. Pike. In 1864 Mr. Pike represented the town of .\mesbury in the House of Representa- tives, serving upon a special committee for the reimbursement of military bounties, and amendments to the valuation act. In 1878 he was elected the first representative from the new town of Merrimac, and served on the committee on harbors and public lands. Mr. Pike has held various offices of re- sponsibility and trust, being one of the trustees of the Merrimac Savings Bank since its incorporation, and its secretary until i885, when he resigned the position. He was clerk of the West Amesbury Branch Railroad for many years ; a justice of the peace for twenty-one years, and has been a notary public since 1872. He is also a deacon of the Congregational church in Merrimac, and president of the Young Men's Christian Association. In politics Mr. Pike has always been a Repuljlican, having served as a member of the Republican state central committee and of the Republican town committees of .Amesbury and Merrimac. He represented his district, the 4th Essex, in 1888 and '89 in the state Senate, serving on the com- mittees on the treasury, expenditures, in- surance, and drainage. PIKE, John, son of Richard and Mary (Boardman) Pike, was born in Newbury- port, Essex county, July 3, 1813. His school instruction was largely com- mitted to Alfred W. Pike, an excellent classical scholar and a thorough teacher. By him he was fitted for college, and also led to accept those views of a religious life that had a controlling influence on his sub- sequent career. He entered Bowdoin Col- lege in 1829 and was graduated in 1833, being elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and was afterwards made president of his class. Bowdoin College has long regarded him as among her distinguished sons. From 1863 to '87, when he resigned, he was a member of the board of overseers, and served on the committee that secured for the college two valuable presidents. He was also one of the committee for the re- ception of President Grant when he hon- ored the college by his presence at its commencement, and was himself honored by it with one of its highest degrees. Dr. Pike has always kept up his interest in his alma mater, which bestowed on him the title of D. D. in 1S66. He has been a trustee of Dummer Academy since 1842, and for thirty-five years president of the board. He was also a trustee of the theo- logical seminary at Hartford, Conn., for some years. Leaving college, he soon commenced his theological studies, entering the Andover Theological Seminary in 1834, but unfor- tunately, during his last year at Bowdoin his eyesight had weakened, and that weak- ness so increased that he was obliged to employ an assistant to read and write for him — nor was it ever fully overcome, but finally ended in total blindness ; yet he still resolutely persevered, and graduated with honor in 1837, anil at once entered upon his calling. 482 PILLSBURY. PILLSBURV. His first engagement was for a few weeks at North Falmouth, where he was, how- ever, induced to remain for three years. In 1840 he accepted the call of the Con- gregational church at Rowley to become its pastor, where his life-work has been so beautiful in its results and so pleasant in all its relations. In 1841 he married Deborah, only child of Hon. Daniel and Polly (Adams) Adams, of Newbury. In 1868 blindness made it necessary to terminate a pastorate of twenty-eight years, tluring which the church had a constant religious growth. Since his resignation he has preached nearly every Sunday at the house of correction in Ipswich, where his labors have been much appreciated and highly blest. PILLSBURY, Albert E., son of Josiah W. and Elizabeth (Dinsmoor) Pillsbury, was born in Milford, Hillsborough county, N. H., August 19, 1849. His father grad- uated at Dartmouth in 1840 and intended to follow a profession, but the state of his health obliged him to take to farming, and the subject of this sketch was born and reared a farmer's son. Having passed through the common and high schools of Milford, he prepared for college at Appleton Academy, New Ipswich, N. H., and Lawrence Academy, Groton, Mass. He entered Harvard College in the class of 187 1, but did not remain to grad- uate. After leaving college he taught school one year in Sterling, 111., and stud- ied law there, with his uncle, Hon. James Dinsmoor ; was admitted to the bar in Illinois, and later in Massachusetts, and has since 187 i been in active practice in Boston. He was married in Newbury, Vt., July 9, 1889, to Louise F. (Johnson) Wheeler, daughter of Edward C. and Delia M. (Smith) Johnson. Mr. Pillsbury was several years vice- president, and one year president, of the Mercantile Library Association of Boston, and is still one of its trustees ; is a member of the corporation of the Franklin Savings Bank, and a director in the United States Trust and Safe Deposit Company. He entered public life as a member of the House of Representatives from ward 17, Boston, 1876, '77, and '78 ; was elected to the Senate from the 6th Suffolk district for 1884, '85, and '86, and was president of that body in iS85-'S6, receiving each year a unanimous vote of his fellow-members. In the House in 1876 he was chairman of the committee on elections, and a member of the committee on constitutional amend- ments. He also served on the judiciary and other committees in 1877 and '78. In the Senate in 1884 he was chairman of the joint committee on the Hoosac Tunnel Railroad, a member of the committee on judiciary, and chairman of the S|)ecial com- mittee on the bribery investigation. In 1S87 he was tendered by (iovernor Ames, and declined, the appointment of judge- advocate-general. In the fall of that year he was a candidate for attorney-general in the Republican state convention and re- ceived the largest vote cast, the nomination being finally made by a less number of votes on a formal ballot. In 1888 he was tendered by Governor Ames, and declined, an appointment to the bench of the super- ior court, and in 1889 he was tendered by Mayor Hart, and declined, the appointment of corporation counsel of the city of Bos- ton, being unwilling to accept a public position which involved the entire abandon- ment of his private practice. In 1888 he was chosen president of the national association of the Pillsbury family at its first gathering at Newburyport, where the family in this country originated, and where the house built b)' " Daniel Pilsbery," in 1 699-1 700, and ever since occupied by some member of the family, still stands, and which is now believed to be the oldest in Newburyport. Mr. Pillsbury has already won an envia- ble reputation among the intelligent antl progressive element of the political party with which he has always been identified, and the people of the State, irrespective of party afiiliations, recognize in his integrity, his conscientious devotion to duty, and his acknowledged ability in his chosen profes- sion, elements destined to place him in still higher and more responsible positions in civil life. PILLSBURY, JOHN Elliott, son of John Gilman and Elizabeth Wimble (Smith) Pillsbury, was born in Lowell, Middlesex county, December 15, 1846. He attended the public schools in Low- ell until his removal in 1856, then at Chelsea until 1859, and then at intervals studied in private and public schools until he entered the naval academy at Annapolis, Md., in 1862. Previous to his choice of life-work, he was employed in the store of J. D. Wilco.x cS: Co., for a few months, and was a page in the House of Representatives, Washing- ton, I). C, from December, 1859, to August, 1862. He was appointed midship- man " at large," at the naval academy by President Lincoln in September, 1862. PILLSBURY. PILSBURV. 483 His naval duty since graduatinjj from the naval academy has been in the Pacific squadron and the Asiatic stiuadron, where he was participant in the engagement with the Coreans in 1871 ; was attached to the " Swatara " on the transit of Venus expe- dition in 1874 and '75 ; was on the coast survey steamer " iJiake " as executive officer ; was in the West Indian squadron, on board the " Kearsarge," 1879 to '82 ; and since that tune has been attached to the coast survey service, and in command of the " Blake " nearly five years. His jM'esent rank is that of lieutenant. United States navy. Lieutenant Pillsbury has reached an en- viable position among scientific students, his labors in line of research being original in method, and applied to old fields that have been more or less superficially worked. He is inventive, and when old appliances fail to answer his demands for results, he builds new ones that will re- spond satisfactorily. His work in the Gulf Stream and ocean currents generally, has been done from an entirely different base of operations from that employed hereto- fore by scientific men. His plan to get the drift and rate of a current was to an- chor and send down a machine that would automaticall}^ record what was taking- place there. But to anchor in such depths as one thousand fathoms was unheard of, and he was obliged to invent means both for safely anchoring and recording the current movements. He successfully ac- complished what he undertook, and in March, 1885, made his first experiment. He has remained three days at anchor in 1. 000 fathoms, and twelve hours at anchor in 2,176 fathoms — 13,056 feet. The average of the last twelve anchorages is about 1,800 fathoms. By his experiments in ocean currents he has established many of the laws of the Gulf Stream, and thrown light upon many of the old navigators' collections of unexplained phenomena. The work is yet in its infancy, but with deep sea anchorage and automatic re- corder. Lieutenant Pillsbury will eliminate many an uncertain factor which has here- tofore entered into calculations for posi- tions at sea, and will change materially the theories among savants regarding ocean currents. Lieutenant Pillsbury is of Puritan ances- try on both sides, dating back to 1630 in this country. His paternal grandmother was Abigail Eliot, a direct descendant of John Eliot, the Indian missionary, after whom he is named. Lieutenant Pillsbury married in Portland, Maine, August 26, 1875, Florence Green- wood, daughter of William and Helen M. (.Stevens) Aitchison. Of this union is one child : Elsie Greenwood Pillsbury. PILSBURY, Edwin Lake, .son of Ho- ratio Kelson and Lydia Symonds (Lake) Pilsbury, was born in Bucksport, Hancock county, Maine, April 21, 1850. PLs early educational training was re- ceived in the grammar and high schools of Charlestown. His first entrance into busi- ness life was made by an engagement with Champney Brothers & Co., wholesale small wares, Boston. EDWIN L, PILSBURY March 5, 1873, he opened business on his own account in the retail trade of ladies' and gents' furnishings, dry-goods, etc., in Charlestown. Here he has continued, enlarging his capacity for business in the matter of ware-rooms, etc., from time to time, as a flourishing trade has demanded, until the present. Mr. Pilsbury was married in Bath, Maine, October 22, 1884, to Louise Thompson, daughter of Jacob William and Louise Middlecutt (Plane) Plumer. Of this union are two children : Mabel Lydia and Edna Louise Pilsbury. Mr. Pilsbury is past grand master, L O. O. F. of Massachusetts ; past dictator, 484 PIXKERTON. PITMAN. Knights of Honor , ex-superintendent of the Universalist Sabbath-school ; and lias been prominent in various literary, social, and political organizations. Mr. Pilsbury was a member of the House of Representatives in 1882 and '83, and of the Senate in 1887 and '89. He served on the committee on prisons in 1882, '83, and '87, being clerk of the com- mittee in 1883 ; served on the committee on water supply in 1887 ; was chairman of the committee on Hoosac Tunnel, and Troy & Greenfield Railroad in 1887, and chairman of the committee on railroads in 1889. He is a member of Henry Price Lodge, F. iS: A. M. ; Howard Lodge, No. 22, L 6. O. F., and Bunker Hill Encampment, No. s, L O. O. F. The latest tribute to his integrity and ability is his recent appointment by Mayor Hart, of Boston, as one of the commission- ers of the Boston board of health, his term expiring in 1892. PINKERTON, ALFRED S., son of Wil- liam C. and Maria W. (Fiske) Pinkerton, was born in Lancaster, Lancaster county, Pa., March 19, 1856. He attended the public schools of his native place until by the death of his father he was forced to leave school, and with his mother, who sought to return to her kin- dred and native state, came to Worcester, where he soon found employment as book- keeper with one of the leading manufactur- ing firms, and by dint of faithful application, secured the unqualified confidence of his employers. But he had an aspiration U> enter the legal profession, and by using his leisure hours while engaged in mercan- tile pursuits, he fitted himself, with the assistance and direction of the late Hon. Peter C. Bacon, with whom he studied, and was finally admitted to the bar in 1881. He immediately began legal practice, and has risen to a recognized position in the profession. Mr. Pinkerton is a prominent Odd Fel- low, a member of Worcester Lodge, No. 56, and Wachusett Encampment. In 1882 he entered the grand lodge and grand encampment, where he at once took rank; was a member of the committee which in 1887 reported in favor of the establish- ment of a " home for aged and infirm members of the fraternity." He is now grand master of the Grand Lodge of Mas- sachusetts — the youngest man ever occupying the chair. He is also a mem- ber of the JVL'isonic fraternity. In 1887 Mr. Pinkerton was elected a member of the House of Representatives from ^Vorcester, serving as House chair- man of the committee on towns. He was re-elected in 1S88 and '89. In 1S88 he served on the judiciary committee and the committee on constitutional amendments, and the joint special committee to repre- sent the Commonwealth at the centennial celebration of the settlement of Ohio. In 1889 he served on the judiciary committee, and was House chairman of the committee on water-supply. ALFRED S. PINKERTON. Mr. Pinkerton, during these years, was freciuently heard in debate, seldom failing to command the attention of the House. He participated in all the important dis- cussions, and was the member who pre- sented Senator Hoar's name to the Repub- lican caucus. He has been secretary, and is now chairman, of the Worcester county Republican committee, and has contributed materially to the service of the party in his county. PITMAN, Robert Carter, son of Benjamin and Mary Ann (Carter) Pitman, was born in Newport, Newport countv, R. I., March 16, 1825. He received his public school training in the schools of New Bedford, and there fitted for college at the Friends' Academy. He was graduated from the \\'csleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in the class POLLARD. POMEROV. 485 of 1S45 — receiving;- the degree of A. iM. in course, and that of LL. I), in 1S69. He was admitted to tiie bar in New Bed- ford in December, 1848. In 1850 he formed a law co-partnership witii Hon. T. D. Eliot, whicii continued till 1855 ; then for nine years practiced alone, at the end of which time he formed a co-partner- sliip with Hon. .\. Borden, which relation continued five years, till 1869. He is at present the senior associate jus- tice of the superior court of Massachu- setts, having been appointed in 1869. Judge Pitman was a member of the House of Representatives in 1858, and of the Senate in 1864, '65, '68 and '69, and the last year was president of the same. He was married in New Bedford, August 15, 1855, to trances R., daughter of the late Rev. M. G. Thomas. Of this union are two children living : Francis C. and Arthur S. Pitman. Judge Pitman is a Prohibitionist, and an active factor in all movements leading up to that one result. He is the author of " Alco- hol and the State," published in 1877. His residence is Newton, to which city he re- moved October i, 1876. POLLARD, ARTHUR GaYTON, son of Colonel Joseph S. and Luella J. (Tucker) Pollard, was born in Plaistow, Rockingham county, N. H., Januar)- 5, 1843. He was educated in the public schools of Plaistow and Lowell. LTpon leaving school he was engaged as clerk in the dry-goods store of Hon. Hocum Hosford, Lowell, in 1861, and in 1864 was admitted as partner in the business. He became sole proprietor in 1885, Mr. Hosford having died several years previous. In 1886 he admitted his book-keeper, Harry Dunlap, as partner, the firm now being A. G. Pollard & Co. Mr. Pollard was married in Keeseville, N. Y., October 14, 1869, to Martha AL, daughter of (ieorge G. and Martha M. (Dean) Fuller. Of this union there were four children, two of whom died in infancy, and two are now living : Harry Gilmore and Edith Frances Pollard Mr. Pollard is a director in the Mer- chants' National Bank, Lowell, Lowell Mutual Fire Lisurance Company, Lowell Hosiery Company, and Appleton Manufac- turing Compan\'. He is a trustee and one of the investment committee of the Cen- tral Savings Bank, Lowell ; treasurer of the proprietors of the South Congrega- tional Meeting-house, and a director in the Lowell board of trade. He has always been cjuite prominent in Masonic circles ; is past master of Ancient New York Lodge ; past high jiriest, Mt. Horeb R. A. Chapter ; past thrice illustri- ous master, Ahasuerus Council, and past eminent commander of Pilgrim Command- ery, K. T. In 1S80 he was deputy grand high priest of the Grand R. A. Chapter of Massachusetts. In 1883 he was deputy grand master of the Grand Council of Massachusetts. In 1887 he was elected most e.xcellent grand high priest of the Grand R. A. Chapter of Massachusetts, which position he still holds. POMEROV, Alanson Brown, son of Alanson and Anna Brown Pomeroy, was born in Washington, Berkshire county, February 8, 1842. He was educated in the common .schools of his native town. He began life as a farmer and wood dealer. In 1884 he worked a year in S])ringfield, in the grocery trade. He sub- seijuently went back to farming and deal- ing in wood, real estate exchange, etc. During the war of the rebellion he served one year in the 61st regiment, Mas- sachusetts volunteers. He has held every office in the gift of the town, having been chairman of the board of selectmen twelve years, and for a portion of that time, treasurer also, which fact attests to the confidence reposed in him by his towns- men. He has served on the school boarti almost consecutively since he was twenty- one years old. He served in the lower branch of the Legislature during the ses- sion of 1875. He is now located in one of the pleasantest spots of the town, and dis- penses his hospitality with a generous hand. Mr. Pomeroy was married in Albany, N. Y., September 22, 1866, to Mary Eliza- beth, daughter of Clark T. and Lydia R. (Mack) Lyman. Of this union were si.x children : Frank A., Jessie L. (deceased), Mabel E., Irving W., Rupert H. (deceased), and Carleton M. Pomeroy. POMEROY, Charles, son of Medad and Jerusha (Alexander) Pomeroy, was born in Warwick, Franklin county, Julv 14, 1818. His early education was obtained in the common schools of Warwick, after which he attended the high school at Northfield. Subsequently he engaged in teaching, but finally chose farming as a vocation. He is also employed as a justice of the peace, trial justice and notary public, and does quite an extensive business as an insurance agent. Mr. Pomeroy was married in Bernardston, August 28, 1844, to Laura C, daughter of 486 POPE. PORTER. Jonathan and Asenath (Wright) Connable. Of this union are four children: Mary Anna, Sarah Hunt, Charles Russell, and Laura Lathrop Pomeroy. Mr. Pomeroy was on the staff of Gover- nor Gardner, with the rank of colonel. He has held the office of sheriff for the county, as well as various minor offices of the county and town. He is a trustee of the Pomeroy parish fund for the Unitarian society. POPE, Charles Greenwood, son of Rufus Spurr and Sarah (Brown) Pope, was born in Hardwick, Worcester county, November i8, 1840. His father was a clergyman in the Universalist denomina- tion. When three years of age his parents moved to Hyannis, one of the thriving villages of Cape Cod, where he passed his boyhood, and attended the public schools and academy. At the age of fifteen he entered Pierce Academy, Middleborough, to prepare for college, and having fitted, entered Tufts College in August, 1857, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1861. He then taught in the academy and in a private school in Hyannis until 1864, when he was elected by the school board of Somerville to the charge of the Forster school. In October, 1870, he left this school to accept the place of master in the Bunker Hill school, Charlestown, where he remained until January, 1874, when he resigned. Mr. Pope had been studying law for several years, and was connected with the law ofifice of Sweetser & Gardner. Upon resigning his school duties he entered the office of John W. Hammond, of Cambridge, and the following December was admitted to the bar. The law firm of Hammond & Pope continued until the appointment of the senior member as judge of the superior court in 1886. In April, 1878, Mr. Pope was appointed a special justice of the Somerville police court, which office he now holds. When Somerville became a city he was elected to the common council from ward i, and in 1873 he was president of that body, and by virtue of the office, a mem- ber of the school board. In 1876 and '77 he was a member of the House of Repre- sentatives. He has been for many years a trustee of the public library, and a trus- tee of Tufts College for eighteen years, being one of the oldest in point of service in that institution of learning. In December, 1888, Mr. Pope was elected mavor of Somerville. He was married in Somerville, Decem- ber 27, 1866, to Josephine H., daughter of Erastus E. and Harriet N. Cole, of that city. They have one child, Tracy Cole Pope, — born at Somerville in December, 1869. , PORTER, Charles Hunt, son of AVhitcomb and Susan Bowditch (Hunt) Porter, was born April 3, 1S43, in Wey- mouth, Norfolk county. His early education was obtained in the public schools of Quincy, having graduated from the high school of that place. In 1858, at fourteen years of age, he engaged in the insurance business in Bos- ton. He remained in this until he entered the service of his country in 1862. At the close of the war he returned to the same business, in which he is still engaged. In 1862 he was commissioned as 2d lieutenant in the 39th Massachusetts volun- teers. He served three years ; was at the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox court-house, and was mustered out with rank of captain. Subsequently he was com- missioned as lieutenant-colonel of the 7th Massachusetts regiment. Mr. Porter has served as selectman of Quincy, and was a representative to the Legislature in i88i-'82. He has been a member of the standing committee of the First church ; president of the Adams Lit- erary Association, and is now the mayor of Quincy, being the first to serve under the charter incorporating the same as a city. June 23, 1870, Mr. Porter was married at Quincy, to Hannah A., daughter of Charles S. and Mary (Norcross) French. Their children are : Charles H., Henry W., and Robert B. Porter. PORTER, VANiAH Miller, son of A\'illiam and Bathsheba (Miller) Porter, was born in Whitingham, Windham county, Vt., April 13, 1830. His ancestry was of English and Scotch stock. His father was the son of Rev. Elisha Porter, a [jrofound scholar. Removing from Whitingham, Vt., to Rowe, Mass., when he was si.x years old, Mr. Porter found his educational advan- tages somewhat improved. A district library was opened about this time, and of this and the district school he took advan- tage until sixteen years of age, when he prevailed upon his father to send him loan academy in Charlemont. His schooling was continued at the Shelburne Falls Academy for several years. He taught his first school in his twentieth year, and for several years alternately PORTER. POTTER. 487 worked on the farm in summer, attended school in the spring and fall, and taught school during the winter. Later on he left the farm and school for a counting-room in Boston. .\t the end of one year's engagement in Boston, on account of the failing health of his wife, he returned to Rowe, where he finally settled as a farmer. He at once was called upon to serve the town in vari- ous municipal offices — member of the school board, selectman, etc. He served as chairman of three boards for ten con- secutive years. He has been a justice of the peace since 1874. VANIAH M. PORTER. In 1881 he represented the 6th Franklin representative district in the General Court, and served on the committees on liquor law and election laws. He reported the bill that became the local option law. He was re-elected the next year, and served as House chairman on the joint stand- ing committee on agriculture. 'I'his com- mittee did much to forward agricultural interests ami improve the condition of the Agricultural College. Upon the death of his father (1869), he settled the estate, and now resides on the old homestead in Rowe. Mr. Porter was married in 1853 to Mary Driscole of Stanstead, Canada, bv whom he had three children : Louise I\L, Carrie S , and Jennie R. Porter. He was married the second time in New York, October 10, ■87s, to Jane H. Alorley of Colrain. Of this union were two children : Vaniah N. and Anna May Porter. Mr. Porter has been agent for the town of Rowe several times ; president of a council of sovereigns ; a councilor of that district ; and an active member of the American Institute of Civics. POTTER, Ira G., son of Bartholomew and Keziah ((ilazier) Potter, was born in Willington, Tolland county, Conn., April 21, 1815. He obtained his early education in the public schools of Willington, and then turned his attention to farming. Success- ful in this vocation, he became prominent in town affairs, and has served his town, county and state in various otificial capaci- ties. He has held the commission of justice of the peace forty years, and special trial jus- tice for eastern Hampden three years. He was one of the incorporators of the Palmer Savings Bank, and held the office of trustee fifteen years, declining further services thereafter. He was special county com- missioner for Hampden county nine years; was a member of the House of Represen- tatives in 1871; was selectman and asses- sor several years, and is now somewhat largely interested in settling estates, hav- ing already adjusted .some eighty-si.x in number. These responsibilities, with his farming interests and various official du- ties, have rendered his life a very busy one. Mr. Potter was married in Monson, in .\pril, 1842, to Almeda, daughter of John Isham and Mary Bingham Potter. Of this union are two children : Turin John and Arvilla J. Potter. His residence is U'ilbraham. POTTER, Warren Bailey, second son of Jonathan and Cynthia H. (How- ard) Potter, was born in Westport, Bristol county, November 4, 1821. The family took up their residence in New Bedford in 1822, where Mr. Potter, until his fifteenth year, obtained his edu- cation in the public schools. At fifteen years of age he was apprenticed to Joseph Halcli, then a leading druggist in Provi- dence, R. I., and served two years, re- turning to New Bedford and becoming engaged to Drs. Stone & Mackie, where he followed the drug business for three years more, perfecting himself thoroughly in all its branches. 488 TOTTER. POWERS. At this period the whaling business was at its height, and it proved an attraction few active young men could resist. Mr. Potter shipped on the bark " Peri " for a cruise in the Indian Ocean, and made a second voyage on the northwest coast in the ship " South America." On his return to New Bedford Mr. Potter re-entered the drug business as proprietor, in which he secured a speedy and pronounced success. In 1S51, in conjunction w-ith Andrew G. Weeks, he established in Boston, at 154 Washington Street, the house of Weeks & Potter, wholesale druggists, which firm is still in existence, having enjoyed thirty- eight years of great prosperity and marked influence in the trade. This firm was com- pletely burned out in 1864, again in 1872, and for the third time in 1879. Mr. Potter founded the Potter Drug Ov Chemical Corporation, January i, 1883, which is well known throughout the Unitetl States, and in fact, the civilized world. WARREN B. POTTER. Mr. Potter has always been regarded in commercial circles as a man of sound busi- ness principles and strict financial integrity. He is a director of the Home Savings Bank, also of the Central National Bank, and of the International Trust Companv, faithfully and ably discharging the onerous duties thus devolving upon him. POWERS, Charles Edward, son of Charles and Sarah (Brooks) Powers, was born in Townsend, Middlesex county. May 9, 1834. His early education was obtained at the public schools, and after graduating at an institution at New Hampton, N. H., he became a private pupil of Professor Knight, CHARLES E, POWERS, of New London, N. H. He entered Harvard University in 1853, and graduated with the degree of S. B. in 1S56, receiving the honor of a " magna cum laitde." He then entered the Harvard medical school, but, upon the sudden death of his father, he was obliged to abandon the study of medicine and devote himself to his father's business. After successfully settling the estate he de- cided to study law, and entered the Harvard law school in 1857, where he graduated in 1858 with the degree of LL. B. The follow- ing year he formed a law co-partnership with the Hon. Linus Child and Linus Mason Child, under the firm name of Child & Pow- ers, counselors, opening law offices in Bos- ton where they have since remained. He was one of the few who believetl in the success of the street railways which were then being opened. He embarked early in the enterprise, became a large owner, and was made a director and presi- dent in several of the roads. I'RATT. PRATT. 489 Soon after settling in Boston Mr. Powers also became an active Free Mason ; was elected master of a lodge, and was for sev- eral years the eminent commander of the Boston Commandery of Knights Templar, and for three years was grand master of the grand coimcil of Massachusetts. He has never been an aspirant for political office, but for three years, after the great fire, he was unanimously elected by both parties to the city council of Boston. After- wards he was elected to the Boston water board, where he served until the water- works were put into the hands of commis- sioners. Mr. Powers is regarded as an ener- getic, sagacious man, quick to apprehend, fertile in resource, and one who does thor- oughly that to which he turns his attention. Mr. Powers has two daughters : Marion (Mrs. Lamar S. Low'ry) and Florence Agnes (Mrs. Henry McLellan Harding), both residing in New York City. PRATT, Harvey Hunter, son of Henry Jones and Maria J. (Hunter) Pratt, HARVEY H. PRATT. was born in Pliiladelphia, Pa., February 24, i86o. He was educated in the common schools of Abington, Mass. He chose the profession of law, and studied in the Harvard University law school, graduating therefrom in 18S3. In 1887 he was the editor of the " Brock- ton .Advance." In 1879 he was editor and publisher of the "Abington News." In the preparation for his jirofession, he read law in the office of Keith &: Simmons, Abington, 1880. In September, 1883, he formed a partnership with John F. Simmons of Hanover. He is now attorney-at-law in Abington, under the firm name of Sim- mons & Pratt. Mr. Pratt has been assistant district attorney, southeastern Massachusetts dis- trict ; assistant secretary of the Demo- cratic state central committee ; chairman of the Abington board of health ; secre- tary of the Abington Business Club ; chair- man of the Abington Democratic town committee, and the ist Plymouth senato- rial district Democratic committee. He was the Democratic candidate for register of deeds for Plymouth county in 1 88 1, and candidate for the state Senate, t886. He was elected to the House of Representatives from the 6th Plymouth dis- trict in 1888 and '89, and served each year upon the committee of the judiciary. Mr. Pratt is unmarried. PRATT, JOSEPH Lawrence, son of Benjamin Pratt, Jr., and Hannah (Weston) Pratt, was born in Reading, Middlesex county, January 18, 1814. He received his early educational train- ing in the common schools and at Read- ing Academy. In 1834 he first engaged in business as a shoe manufacturer. In 1857 he changed liis business to that of dealer in lamps and glassware. He has been for eleven years a member of the board of selectmen of Reading. Mr. Pratt was first married in Reading, February 25, 1841, to Martha, daughter of Captain Timothy and Elizabeth Wakefield. His second marriage, July 4, 1861, was with Mary W., daughter of Joseph and .Martha (Crooker) Hopkins. He has had two children : Ruth L. and Alice H. I'ratt. He is now retired from active business. PRATT, Stillman Baxter, .son of Rev. Stillman Pratt of Reading and Eleanor Morton (Dickinson) Pratt of Amherst, was born in Orleans, Barnstable county, Novem- ber 24, 1836. He is a lineal descendant of John Pratt, who came from county Kent, England, in 1630, and settled in Dorchester, the suc- cession being John of Medfield, John of Reading, Samuel, Ephraim, Benjamin Still- man, and Stillman Baxter Pratt. 490 I'KATT. PRESBREY. His educational training was receivetl in the public schools of his native place and at Phillips Academy, Andover. He at first learned the shoemaker's trade and subsequentl)' evinced a strong desire to follow the sea. His first vovage to the Grand Banks, where he was for four months out of sight of land, cnred him of this propen- sity. He then learned the news|iaper business in the " (iazette " office. Middle- borough. In 1859 he established the "Marlbor- ough Mirror ; " became pi'oprietor of the " Middleborough Gazette " on the death of his father in 1862 ; and soon after established weekly papers in Bridgewater, East Bridgewater, and Wareham. During the war for the Union he was in the provost-mar.shal's office of the ist Massachusetts district at New Bedford. In 1868 he sold the " Middleborough Gazette " and purchased the " Randolph Register," removing his residence to that town. In 1869 he established in Boston the " American Workman," a reform journal for the discussion of the labor problem. For two years he was the candidate of the Labor Reform party for secretary of the Commonwealth. In 187 1 here-purchased the " Marlborough Mirror " and returned to that town, and soon after established the " Framingham Gazette." During the following fifteen years he purchased or founded over forty weekly papers in New Hampshire, Connecticut and Massachu- setts. Seven of them were on the South Shore, his summer home for several years. In 1889 he .sold his newspaper business to his sons, and has turned his attention to the development of electrical mechanics. Mr. Pratt was married in Middleborough, 1856, to Ellen Myrick, daughter of William Whitteniore and Hannah (Foster) Goss. Of this union were eleven children : Elea- nor Morton (Mrs. W. C. Han.son, Marl- borough), Arabella Frances (Mrs. George L. Stevens, Marlborough), Ransom Dick- inson, William Walter, Stillman Foster, Eugene Lincoln, Elra Sinclair (deceased), Lily Maude, Herbert Emerson, Charles Brigham (deceased), and Elmer Campbell Pratt. Mr. Pratt was one of the pioneers in in- troducing the order of the Knights of Pythias, in the East, having founded many lodges in Massachusetts. In 1861 he was made a Mason. He has been a prominent Son of Temperance, Good Templar and Knight of Honor ; was a non-commis- sioned officer in the New Bedford cavalry; has been a member of the Congregational church since 1856, and for twenty-five years a Sunday-school teacher ; a leader in many literary and reformatory organiza- tions. He has published various books, notably the " History and Directory of Plymouth County; " has been always inter- ested in heredity and genealogy, as well as in local antiquities ; has long been a mem- ber of the New England Historic Genea- logical Society ; is a member of the Subur- ban Newspaper Association, Massachusetts Press Association, and the National Edi- torial Association, having served two years on the executive committee of the latter organization. Mr. Pratt has made three pleasure trips to Europe, has broadened his horizon by study and travel, and as an all-round editor and newspaper publisher, has long been noted for his close attention to busi- ness. No reformatory cause or needy individual ever appealed to his heart in vain. PRESBREY, Silas DeaN, son of Bil- lings Troop and Clarissa Burt (Dean) Pres- brey, was born in Taunton, Bristol county, October 19, 1838. He passed the usual time in the public schools ; was prepared for college in Taun- ton high .school ; entered Harvard College, and was graduated therefrom in the class of i860. Immediately after graduation he commenced the study of medicine, and having already accomplished a good part of the first year's course, he accepted the position of principal of Taunton high school, servmg from December, i860, to July, 1863, when he received his degree of A. M. from Harvard. He then resumed his medical studies, entering Harvard med- ical school, from which he was graduated M. D., March 8, 1865. He at once en- tered upon the practice of medicine and surgery, in which he is now engaged. He has attained an enviable position in the profession, and is acknowledged as a lead- ing physician in Bristol county. Dr. Presbrey was married in Taunton, October i, 1863, to Sarah Williams, daugh- ter of Artemas and Susan Shaw (Williams) Briggs. Of this union were three chil- dren : Clara Briggs, Florence Nathalie, and Laura Edith Presbrey. Dr. Presbrey is a member of the Massa- chusetts Medical Societv, American Medical Association, American Academy of Medi- cine ; has been president of the Massachu- setts Medico-Legal Society ; and an hon- orary member of the Medico-Legal Society of New York. He has been medical e.vam- iner of the second division, Bristol county. PRESCOTT. PRESCOTT. 491 since the estahlishnu'iit of the office in 1S77; lias been a member of the Taunton school board fifteen years ; is a trustee of Bristol Acadeni)-, Taunton ; has been a member of the boartl of water commissioners of Taunton since 1881 ; is president of the Taunton Hospital Company (Morton Hos- jiital) ; senior member of the consulting staff of Morton Hos])ital, and a member of the board of investment of the 15ristol County Savings Bank. SILAS D, PRESBREY. To Dr. Presbrey's agitation of the sub ject, and persistence in the charitable work, was due the success of establishing the city hospital in Taunton, known as the Morton Hospital, and named in honor of the late Marcus Morton, whose home- stead estate was presented the hospital corporation by his daughter, Mrs. Susan T. Kimball, of Boston. This was in 1888, the year of the founding of the hos- pital. PRESCOTT, Charles, .son of .\aron A. and Betsey (Hunt) Prescott, w'as born in Randolph, Norfolk county, October 11, '845- The common and high schools gave him his educational training. His first venture was in the grocery business in Randolph, with his brother. This relation continued ten vears. when he became sole proprietor of the business, in which he has continued to date. Mr. Prescott was married in East Ran- dolph (now Holbrook) in December, 1870, to .Vbbie M., daughter of Lewis and Abi- gail N. (Belcher) Alden. Of this union were two children : Bessie A. (deceased) and Nellie G. Prescott. Mr. Prescott served in the 42d regiment Massachusetts volunteers in 1863. He is a member of the order of F. & A. M., and of the Royal .Arcanum. PRESCOTT, Charles J., .son of Ed- ward and Catharine L. (Clough) Prescott, was born in Boston, February 15, 1838. His mother was a daughter of Ebenezer Clough. He pursued his early studies at the Brimmer school ; in 1853 entered the Eng- lish high school and was graduated in the class of 1856. v'\ CriAKLtb J PHLbuuTT. He then was employed as clerk in the coal and wood business till May. 1862, when he became a partner in the firm of W. I,. iS: C. J. Prescott. This relation continued until 1887. He is now' commis- sioner of public institutions, Bo.ston, having been appointed by Mayor Hart for the term of two years ending in April, 1891. Mr. Prescott was married in Thetford, Vt., December 30, 1868, to Anna Frances, 49- PRINCE. PRINCE. (laiit;litL-i' (if judge Lyman Hincklev of 'I'lictford, Vt., and Ann (Smith) Hinckley of l'',liswortiT, Me., the latter of whom had formerly held a position as teacher in the Boston ])uhlic schools. Of this imion were five children : Arabella, Edward Lyman, Charles J., Jr., .\nna Hinckley, and also Samuel Cobb Prescott, who died in iSSi. Mr. Prescott was a member of the Jicxs- ton school board from 1870 to '75, board of aldermen 1874 and '75, and board of direc- tors for public institutions of Boston 1876 to '81 ; member of the House of Represen- tatives 1877, '78, and '79, serving as chair- man of the committee on public charitable institutions ; has always been an active Rei)ul)lican in national and state affairs, serving on the ward and city committee, and Republican state central committee for several years — but always being non-parti- san in municipal politics. He has lived in lioston fifty-one yeai's and has changed his residence but once. Mr. Prescott has always taken a great in- terest in educational matters and public institutions, ever alive to a thorough inves- tigation of all matters that properly come before him as a public man. He has the courage of his convictions, and possesses a strong individuality, both arguing well for' a conscientious and successful discharge of duties. PKINCH, Frederick Octavius, .son of Thomas and Caroline Prince, was born in Boston, January 18, 181S. He is one of an illustrious family which as long ago as 15S4 was prominent in England, living at ih.ii lime in Shrewsbury upon their estate known as ".Abbey Foregate " — John Prince being then rector of East Sheffield. In 1633 his son, lilder John Prince, came to this country and settled in Hull. His grandson, Thomas Prince, graduated from Harvard College in 1707, and in 1718 was ordained co-pastor with Dr. Sewall of the Old South Church in Boston. The late James Prince, the grandfather of Mr. Prince, well known in his day and genera- tion as a prominent merchant, was ap- pointed by President Jefferson as naval officer of the port of Boston, and afterward United States marshal for the district of Massachusetts. Freilerick (). Prince was prepared by .Abel Whitne)' for the Boston Latin school, which he entered in 1827, graduating in 1832, receiving the F'ranklin medal and two other medals for scholarship. He en- tered Ihirvard College in 1832 and gradu- ated in 1836. He was class poet and sec- retary. In 1S37 he commenced the study of law in the office of Franklin DcMcraiul William H. Cardiner, and was admitted at the Suffolk bar in 1840, when he imme- iliately took an active part in politics as an active and earnest \Vhig. In 1S48 Mr. Prince married Helen, daughter of Barnard Henry of Philadel- phia, for many years United States consul at Gibraltar, where Mrs. Prince was born. He made his residence in \\ iiuhester, re- taining his law office in Boston. In 1851, '52 and '53 he re]M-esented \\'in- cliesler in the lower house of the state Legislature. In 1853 he was a prominent member of the famous Constitutional Con- vention. In 1854 he was electeil to the state Senate, where he at once became an influ- ential member. Upon the disruiition of the Whig party, in i860, he allietl himself with the old opponents of the party, and has since acted with the Democrats. He was sent as a delegate to the memorable national Democratic convention which met in Charleston, S. C, in i860, and, adher- ing to the Douglas wing of that party, was appointed secretary of the national Demo- cratic committee for the campaign of i860, to which office he was re-elected by each succeeding convention until 1888, repre- senting the Massachusetts members on the committee for twenty-eight years. In 1888, although again unanimously elected, he resigned, receiving a resolution of thanks for the "unfiagging zeal and distinguishetl ability" with which he had served. In December, 1876, Mr. Prince was nom- inated by the Democrats as mayor of the city of Boston, and was elected by a large vote, although his party at that time was in the minority. Tlie following year he was again nominated, and only defeated after one of the most hotly contested elections ever known in Boston. Again, the follow- ing year, there was a re-action in his favor, and he was re-elected by a handsome ma- jority. In 1879, '80 and '81 he was returned to the same office. In 1882, though ear- nestly pressed, he declined renomination. .Among the notable achievements of his administration are the " park system " and the improvement in sewers. Mr. Prince was early interested in the " park system," and its final adoption and sul)sec|uent lay- ing out are largely due to his efforts. He appreciated keenly the necessity of an im- proved sewage for the rapidly growing city under his care, and by his earnest ad- vocacy of the measure, contributed not a little to the complete success of that won- derful piece of engineering known as the great intercepting sewer which takes to I'ROCIKR. PROCTER. 493 Moon Island, outside tlie liarbor of lioston, all the sewage of the city and the district lying south of Charles River. The mag- nificent buildings for the high and Latin schools were also erected through the inllu- ence of Mr. Prince. In 1885, Mr. Prince was noniinateil by the Democrats as governor of the State. He was defeated upon a strictly party vote, and in 1888 was appointed to the board having e.^clusive control of the construc- tion of the new building of the Boston public library. To this work he is now giving his entire attention, and with this exception he has retired from both profes- sional and public life, after making for himself an honorable name in the one, and in the other a record alike successful and meritorious. PROCTER, Francis, eldest son of Captain Francis Epes and Ann (Allen) Procter, was born in Gloucester, P2sse.\ county, March 16, 1833. He received his education in the public schools of his native town. His father died in 1846, leaving him, at the age of thirteen, with two younger brothers, the support of his widowed mother, who shortly after lost her eyesight. Borrowing the capital of one dollar with which to start business, he purchased thirty-three copies of the "Flag of Our Union," published by F. Gleason, of Boston, and entereil upon his career that has since embraced every department of printing, publishing, book, stationery, wall-paper, fancy-goods, antl a general newspaper business. Pearly in business life he took his only brother, Ceorge H. Procter, into partner- ship, his youngest brother, William A., having died in 1848. In July, 1853, he started a monthly paper, which was circu- lated free, and afterwards changed to a subscription semi-monthly paper — "The (;ioucester Advertiser." In 1856, in com- pany with his brother, the " Cajje Ann Weekly .Advertiser " was started, which is still published. In 1888 the Procter broth- ers began the publication of a one-cent evening paper — "The Gloucester Daily Times" — still published. They also con- duct the Cape Ann News Company, a branch book and stationery store, which was established in 1884, and the Procter Circulating Library, established by Francis Procter in 1851. Mr. Procter has always taken an active and influential part in public matters and enterprises for the growth and welfare of his native city, notably the development of what is known as Bellevue Heights. Mr. Procter was married in Marlbor- ough, March 15, 1856, to Mary Melissa, daughter of Solomon and Mary LI. Perkins Rice, of that town. His children by that marriage are : Frank Rice, George Per- kins (decea.sed), \\illiam .\llen, and .Mary M. Procter. Mr. Procter was a delegate to the first Free Soil state convention, at \N'orcester ; was an auditor of town accounts in 1861, and alderman of the city of (Houcester (ward 4) 1876, besides filling other minor offices. He has always been a Repub- lican, excepting in the Greeley cam]5aign of 1872. Heattended the state convention FRANCIS PROCTER. of that year, and was a member of the con- ference'committee of the two parties that nominated Charles Sumner for governor. He is a prominent Mason — secretary of Tyrian Lodge two years ; was chairman of the parish committee of the Independent Christian church (the oldest Universalist church in America) from 1883 to '89, and a director in the Gloucester Electric Com- pany ; is president of the Willoughby Park Lantl Association, secretary and treasurer of the Wolf Hill Land Company, and was a member of the Gloucester Artillery Com- pany 185 I to '56. He was one of the prime movers in or- ganizing the Massachusetts Press Associa- 494 PROUTY. PUTXA.M. tion. 1869, lias served as secretary two years, vice-president five years, and presi- dent tliree years. He was Massachusetts delegate to the second convention at Cin- cinnati, of the National Editorial Associa- tion, 1886, and a member of the executive committee for 1887 ; and also a delegate to the fourth convention, which met at San Antonio, Texas, i88g. The energy and perseverance of Mr. Procter have been severely taxed during his business career. Three times the busi- ness has been burned out, in the fires of 1853, '64 and '73. Mr. Procter has been quite a traveler, has seen much of his na- tive land, and as a writer has contributed interesting sketches of his visits to Ber- muda, California, and Mexico. He is an enterprising, industrious and public-spir- ited citizen. PROUTY, David, son of David and Abigail (Bisco) Prouty, was born in Spen- cer, Worcester county, October 18, 1813. The usual attendance in the common schools in those davs, with two terms at the academy, gave him his preparatory education. Mr. Prouty was a farmer in early life, and later was in the wine business a few years. In 1S52 he became interested in the manufacture of boots, with Charles E. Denny and John G. Prouty. In 1854, upon the death of John G. Prouty, and the retirement of Mr. Denny on account of ill health, John Boyden was taken into partnership. He soon retired and Isaac L. Prouty was associated as a partner in 1859. This relation continued until 1876, when the subject of this sketch retired from active business. While never a politician, he has been called to serve his town, county and state in various official capacities — has held the office of selectman and assessor several terms ; was a representative to the General Court in 1876 ; is vice-president of the Spencer National Bank, and one of the vice-presidents of the Spencer Savings Bank. Mr. Prouty is widely known as a man of high moral character, unquestioned in- tegrity, and quiet but systematic benevo- lence. His generosity shuns an_v approach toward ostentation. He has always been specially interested in every educational movement that promised to be beneficial. He is now erecting a high school building, that when completed and furnished for school use will be a gift to the town (jf Spencer, at a cost not far from forty-five thousand dollars. Mr. Prouty was married in Spencer, in January, 1840, to Caroline, daughter of Dr. Jonas and Persis (Bemis) Guilford. Mrs. Prouty died in November, 1863. Mr. Prouty was again married, to Mrs. Sarah B. Denny, sister of his first wife. She died in June, 1S73. He has had but one child, Jonas C;. Prouty, who died in July, 1864. PUTNAM, ADRIAN LOUIS, son of Ad- rian and Fanny (Flint) Putnam, was born in Danvers, Essex county, August 29, 1834- He passed through all the grades of public schools in Danvers, including the Holten high school. He was graduated from the state normal school at Bridge- water, in 1S56. From 1856 to '60 he was engaged in teaching in Provincetown and Danvers. He began the business of jeweler and stationer in Provincetown, July, 1862, under the firm name of Atkins & Putnam. He has continued in the business the last twenty-four years under the firm title of A. L. Putnam & Co. Mr. Putnam was married in Province- town, December 18, i860, to Addie O., daughter of Henry and Abigail (Rich) Cook. Of this union are two children ; Nellie Flint and Abbie Cook Putnam. Mr. Putnam has held the chairmanship of both town and county Republican commit- tees, the former for ten years ; has been treasurer of the Masonic lodge for nine- teen years ; officer of the Royal Arcanum, Knights of Honor, and Royal Good Fellows since their formation in Provincetown. He is a trustee, and has been a member, of the board of investment in the savings bank for the last ten years ; a trustee of the public library building ; a member of the school board twenty-five years ; and is agent for the Commonwealth Loan & Trust Company of Boston. PUTNAM, ARTHUR A., son of Elias and Eunice (Ross) Putnam, was born in Dan- vers, Essex county, November 18, 1829. He obtained his early education in the district schools of his native town, and at the academies of Westfield, and Thetford and West Randolph, Vt. In the meantime he taught school in Danvers, Boxford and Brookline. Fitting for college, he enteretl Dartmouth in 1852, but left after completing the sophomore year. He studied law at the Dane law school, Cambridge, and in the offices of the late S. B. Ives, of Salem, and of Culver, Parker & Arthur (the late President Ar- thur), of New York City. PUTNAM. PUTNAM. 495 He was admitted to the bar December, 1859, and at once commenced practice in his native town. April, i86i, he turned his law office into a recruiting office, and recruited a company known as " Putnam C'lUards " for the 14th regiment, Massachu- setts volunteers. He was commissioned captain of company I, same regiment. From October, 1863, to the close of the war he was ist lieutenant and captain. He served at Newbern, N. C, as assistant pro- vost-marshal, district of North Carolina, and as judge-advocate at Plymouth, N. C. At the close of the civil war he opened a law office in Blackstone, and was in active practice till his appointment as judge, June, 1872, removing to Uxbridge, May, 1877. He holds the position of judge of the 2d district court of Southern Worcester. Judge Putnam was married in Black- stone, November 25, 1868, to Helen Irving, daughter of Artiman and Esther (Burn- hanl) Staples. Of this union are two children : Alden L. and Beatrice Putnam. Judge Putnam was si.x years chairman of the prudential committee of the First t'on- gregational church of Uxbridge ; served on the school board in Danvers, Black- stone and Uxbridge, and on the library committee of the Peabody Institute ; was for many years a trustee of the Worcester Agricultural Society, and a trustee of the Uxbridge Savings Bank. He is the author of " Ten Years a Police Court Judge ; " " HLstory of Blackstone ; " various pamphlets, including "A Glance at the History of the Village Bank, Dan- vers ; " " .An Open Letter to the Constable of the Commonwealth ; " " The Sunday Law in Massachusetts," and the "Story of the Putnam Guards." He was" war editor " of the " Peabody Press " ( 1 862-'63) ; also of " The Flag," a paper published two months at Plymouth, \. C. He has been an occasional contributor to papers and maga- zines since 1855, has lectured in lyceum courses, and has spoken in political cam- paigns. He received the honorary degree of A. M. from Dartmouth College, 1887. He represented his district (Danvers) in the Legislature in 1857 and '60 ; was alter- nate delegate to the national Republican convention in i860, and also in 1876. While in the Legislature in i860, he took an aggressive position in opposition to the bill for the slaughter of cattle suspected of being diseased with pleuro-pneumonia. He was attacked in the Legislature by press and people, but time vindicated his position, and the abuse hurled at him soon recoiled upon its authors. PUTNAM, John Pickering, son of John Pickering and Harriet (Upham) Put- nam, and grandson of Judge Samuel Put- nam, of Salem, Mass., was born in Boston, April 3, 1847. .A primary school in Boston, and gram- mar and high schools in Lawrence, furn- ished the first courses of his education. He entered the public l^atin school in i860, and graduated in 1864. P^ntering Harvard College the same year, he was graduated in the class of 1868. He entered L' Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, in 1869, after a year's preparation, the Royal Academy of Architecture, Berlin, in 1870, and began the practice of architecture, Boston, in 187 1. In 1883 he began a special course of study and investigation into the subject of house drainage, and in this study invented the "sanitas" plumbing appliances, to supply a demand for simpler and more sci- entific fixtures and methods of plumbing than at that time were in use. He founded the Sanitas Manufacturing Company. Mr. Putnam married, in Framingham, 1885, Grace Cornelia, daughter of Edwarcl O. and Elizabeth L. Stevens. They have one child : (Jrace Elizabeth Putnam. Mr. Putnam was for some years a mem- ber of the American Metrological Societv, the American Spelling Reform Association, the Boston Society of Architects, and vari- ous other .social and scientific societies. He published, in 1882, a treatise on "The Metric System of Weights and Measures," and a work on heating and ventilation, entitled "The Open Fire-place in All .■\ges;" in 1886, a book on "The Principles of Home Drainage," and, in 1887, another on " Improved Plumbing .Appliances." Since 1883 he has contributed many articles on sanitary plumbing and drainage to the " American .Architect and Building News," and other building journals; and has lec- tured on the subject of house drainage before architectural, engineering and med- ical societies in Boston and Worcester. PUTNAM, WlLLARD, son of Samuel and Elizabeth F. (Richardson) Putnam, was born in New Salem, Franklin county, September 6, 1838. He was educated at New Salem Acad- emy, where he was fitted for college. He entered Amherst College, from which he was graduated in the class of i860 ; he taught school for one year and six months after graduation, and then, following his rural tastes, chose farming as a vocation. His present residence is in Cooleyville, New Salem. He has been an active mem- ber of the school board since 1866. 496 PUTNEY. ()UA. He has been a trustee of the New Salem Academy since 1880, and is now president of the board ; was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature, 1875, and has been trial justice for Franklin county. Mr. Putnam married, in New Salem, July 14, 1862, Nellie L., daughter of David Bur- nett, of New Salem. He has two children : Willard A. and Bertrand F. Putnam. PUTNEY, Lyman K., son of Joseph and Mary (Winch) Putney, was born in Troy, Cheshire county, N. H., August 2, 1833. He received a common school education in the public schools of those days. At fifteen years of age he began to learn the trade of woolen manufacturer, and worked steadily at this for three years. In 185 1 he went to Boston and worked in the mar- ket there three years, then started in the business of trucking, which he has since followed. He has also the management of his large stock and dairy farm, the im- proving of his real estate, etc. He is treasurer and manager of the Wel- lesley Co-operative Creamery Compan}'. .Mr. Putney was married in Boston, .\pril 3, 1858, to Abbie A., daughter of William and Louisa (Aldrich) Marshall. Their children are : .\lice M., Henry AL, and Ethel W. Putney. Mr. Putney was selectman four years in Needham, has been selectman in Wellesley seven years, assessor two years, and is still in office. He is a member of the Wellesley water commission, and was a member of tile Ceneral Court from Needham in 1S80, and from Wellesley in 1883. A prominent member of the F. & A. M., and a member of Newton R. \. Chapter ; he is also a member and officer L O. O. F., and was two years district deputy for the 28th district. He is also an active working member of the Needham Farmers' and Me- chanics' Association, having been its secre- tary three years and president four years. He is now serving his second term as master of Wellesley Grange. QUA, Francis Winnie, son of Robert and Jane (Moncrief) Qua, was born in Lisbon, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., Sep- tember 2, 1845. He was educated in the district schools and in the institute at Ogdensburgh, N. \'. He began business life clerking in a boot and shoe store in Waddington, N. \'. At sixteen years of age he taught school in Lisbon and the neighboring towns, and at twenty began the study of law with George G. Simonds, Madrid, N. Y. In 1867 he went to McGregor, Iowa, and studied with Willis DrunmTond. Later he was principal of the North McGregor school, and afterwards principal of the grammar school at Ogdensburgh, N. Y. Failing health compelled him to abandon teaching, and he entered the oflfice of the Central Vermont Railroad and remained there two years. He was subsequently connected with the " Franklin County Times," (Green- field. He finally resumed the study of law with Austin De Wolfe, Greenfield, went to Lowell in 1877, and was admitted to the bar in 1878. He was a member of the House of Representatives m 1888, serving as chair- man of the committee on towns, and was re-elected in 1889, being appointed to the committees on manufactures and rules, and chairman of the committee on pro- bate and insolvency. FRANCIS W, QUA. Mr. Qua w^as married in Ogdensburgh, N. Y., September 16, 1879, to Alice L., daughter of Michael and Mary Ann (Call) Harder. They have one child : Stanley E. Qua. QUINT. QUINT. 497 QUINT, Alonzo Hall, son of Oeorge and Sally \\'. (Hall) Quint, was born in Barnstead, Belknap county, N. ti., March 22, 1828, his parents' residence being Dover, N. H. He was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1846 ; read medicine in Dover eighteen months, and studied in mechanical work later. He was graduated from An- dover Theological Seminary in 1852, and took the post-graduate year ; was ordained pastor of the Central Congregational church, Jamaica Plain, Boston, December 27, 1853, which church accepted his resig- nation in JMay, 1863. He was chaplain of the 2d Massachusetts infantr}% from 1861 to '64, and was offici- ally mentioned for good conduct in several severe engagements. He was installed pastor of the North Congregational church. New Bedford, in 1864, and resigned becau.se of ill health, after eleven years' service. He returned to New Hampshire, and later on engaged in literary work. From 1881 to '84 he was in charge of the Broadway church, Somerville. He w-as a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, 1881 to '85, serving as chairman of the railroad com- mittee in his second term. To his efforts was due in a great measure the enactment of the "lease law" and the "railroad commissioner law." In 1886 he became the pastor of the .■\llston Congregational church, where he still remains. Mr. Quint was a member of the state board of education from 1855 to '61. He was at that time chairman of the West Roxbury school board. He was also chair- man of the Dover (N. H.) school board, after his return to New Hampshire, until his res- ignation in 1884. He served as a manager of the Congregational Publishing Society twenty-one years, and has been a director (now senior) in the American Congrega- tional Association twenty-five years ; has been secretary of the board of Ministerial Aid from its origin in 1868; secretary of the Massachusetts General Association of Con- gregational Churches twenty-five years ; was chairman of the committee to draft the constitution for a national Congrega- tional council. He opened its first session in Oberlin, Ohio, 187 1, and was its secre- tary the next twelve years ; issued the national statistics of the Congregational churches from 1859 to '84, except during the war. He received the degree of D. D. from Dartmouth in 1866. He has been a trus- tee of Dartmouth since 1870. Mr. Quint was the first New England man mustered into the (jrand Army of the Republic, and helped to form Post i, New Bedford ; he has since been prominent in Ci. ,\. R. coun- cils ; was its first chaplain-in-chief; and on its committee to frame its constitutions ; was chaplain of the Massachusetts Grand Todge of Free Masons from 1869 to '80. He was chaplain and preacher for the An- ALONZO H. QUINT. cient and Honorable Artillery Companv in 1884 ; he preached the election sermon be- fore the Legislature of 1866 ; and later, the sermon before the Congregational con- vention. He w'as chaplain at the dedica- tion of the soldiers' monument, Boston Common, and has delivered many more memorial addresses that have been pub- licly mentioned. Besides various sermons and other ad- dresses, he has published three volumes of his works ; "The Potomac and Rapidan," " The Record of the 2d Massachusetts In- fantry," and " The First Parish, Dover, N. H., 1633-1883." He was joint editor and owner of " The Congregational Quar- terly " from 1859 to '75. He has contrib- uted numerous articles of local New Hamp- shire history and on denominational polity. He is a corresponding member of the New Hampshire and New York Historical socie- ties, and of the Maine Genealogical Society, 498 KAND. RANDALL and was once resident member of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Mr. Quint was married in Boston, Janu- ary 31, 1854, to Rebecca P., daughter of Allen and Eliza (Page) Putnam, of Salem. (H this union were five children : George Putnam (deceased), Clara (',. (Wheaton Seminary, 1877), Wilder I). (Dartmouth, 1887), Katharine M. (Wellesley, 1889), and John H. (in Dartmouth). RAND, Arnold Augustus, son of Edward Sprague and Elizabeth (Arnold) Rand, was born in Boston, March 25, 1837. He is of the eighth generation in descent in Massachusetts from Robert and Alice Rand, who settled in Charles- town, 1635. His education was obtained in the public and private schools of Bos- ton and Dedham, and was supplemented by a course of study abroad. After fitting for college, intending to enter Harvard with the class of 1858, he began his business training in the count- ing-room of William B. Reynolds & Co., commission merchants. Here he passed the successive grades to assistant book- keeper. He then spent nearly two years in study in Europe. On his return he entered the banking house of Blake, Howe & Co., remaining as cashier with them and their successors, Blake Brothers & Co., until the outbreak of the civil war. Before the call for troops he was already an enlisted man of the 4th battalion, Mas- sachusetts volunteer militia. His first commission, October 30, i86i, was that of 2d lieutenant in the first Massachusetts cavalry. He was soon promoted to a captaincy, and the following year was made assistant adjutant-general with the rank of captain, and ordered to duty in the department of the South. In the fall of 1863 he was recalled by Governor Andrew, assigned as superintendent of recruiting for Suffolk county, and directed to form the 4th regiment, Massachusetts cavalry, to which he was commissioned as lieutenant-colonel. Early in 1864 he took the regiment to the army of the James, having been promoted to colonel, and was in active service till his resignation in 1865. Returning to Boston, after four years of military service, he entered his father's ofifice and began the study of law. In 1874 he was admitted to the Suffolk bar, devoting himself to real estate and probate practice. Colonel Rand is an active and promi- nent member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, serving as recorder of the commandery of Massachusetts since 1881. He is a member of Post 144, G. A. R., and has served on the department staff. He has never participated in politics, though in 1884 he was nominated by Mayor Mar- tin a police commissioner of the city of Boston, to succeed the retiring General Nat. Wales. The nomination was con- hrmed by the board of aldermen, but ow- ing to a variance between the mayor and tlie common council, it failed of confir- mation in that branch of the city govern- ment. In 1885 Colonel Rand, in connection with the late N. J. Bradlee, formed the Massachusetts Title Insurance Company, becoming its vice-president, and organiz- ing and conducting its office and business up to the present time. Colonel Rand was married in 1877, to Annie Eliza, daughter of Abner W'. and Eliza (Le Barron) Brownell, of New Bed- ford. He resides in Boston. RANDALL, CHARLES STURTEVANT, son of George and Martha (Sturtevant) Randall, was born in New Bedford, Bristol county, February 20, 1824. His educational training was received at Charles W. Greene's school, Jamaica Plain, in the Friends' Academy, New Bedford, the New Bedford high school, in F^rance, and finally under the care of private tu- tors, with whom he fitted for Harvard. He did not matriculate, however, but entered into business. Touched by the "gold fever," in 1849 he went to California, where he worked in the mines in which he was interested. He remained two years ; returned in 185 1, and did a commission business until i860 ; was then made treas- urer of the New Bedford Copper Company — the largest copper manufacturing com- pany in the country — in which position he remained seven years. He resigned in 1867, and devoted his energies until 1872 to the shipping and commission business. He then retired from active business, and traveled abroad with his family for three years. Mr. Randall was a member of the state Senate in 1883 and '84, serving upon the RANDALL. RANDALL. 499 ciniiniittees on mercantile affairs and en- grossed bills, acting the latter year as chairman of the committee on mercantile affairs. Although he has engaged in no active business since his return from Kurope, he is a director and stockholder in various manufacturing companies. .Mr. Randall was elected to the national House of Representatives (51st Congress) in 1888. He was married in New Bedford, No- vember 10, 1851, to Sarah .Spooaer, daugh- ter of Jireh and Nancy (Nye) Perry. Of this union were two children : Harriet CHARLES S. RANDALL. (.Mrs. \\'alter Clifford, New Bedford) and Sarah (Mrs. John W. Griswold, Troy, N.\'.) Mr. Randall is a lineal descendant on his father's side from Tristram Coffin, who landed in Nantucket in 1640. His grand- mother was Jerusha Coffin, a descendant of Tristram. On his mother's side his descent is direct from Samuel Sturtevant, a surveyor, who was in Plymouth as early as 1637, and Richard Bourne, one of the incorporators of Sandwich in 1637. Mr. Randall now owns the farm in Plym- outh county (Rochester) settled in 1699 by ("harles Sturtevant, who married thegrand- daughter of Rev. Samuel Arnold, the first minister settled over the town of Roches- ter. Charles Sturtevant, the grandfather of Mr. Randall, was in the battle of Lex- ington, corporal of a company of militia from Rochester. R.4NDALL, WlLLlAM PRITCHARD, son of George and Martha (Sturtevant) Ran- dall, was born in New Bedford, Bristol county, November 30, 1832. He was educated at the Friends' Acad- emy in New Bedford, at .Andover, and later was four years in the College dii Havre, at Havre, France. After graduat- ing he chose the sea as his profession, and was an experienced navigator and ship- master at the opening of the war in 1861, and was about to sail in command of a merchant ship at that time. He gave up his command, offered his services to the United States, and on the 24th of July, 1861, was appointed an acting master in the United States navy. As an endorsement for his standing and ability, he had pre- viously presented to the government a cer- tificate signed by the president of every insurance company in New Bedford, to the effect that their offices would insure any vessel under his command at the lowest rates of insurance. He was first ordered to the " Cumber- land," and served on that vessel at the capture of Forts Clarke and Hatteras, and in the contest with the " Merrimac " at Newport News, March 8, 1862. He was in command of the after pivot-gun, which was the last gun fired on the ship in that mem- orable contest. On the 28th of May, 1862, he was promoted to the rank of volunteer lieutenant, and served on the gun-boat '■ VoxX. Royal " through that summer. From January 26, 1863, he commanded the Unit- etl States bark " Pursuit " until August 12, 1 864, and from that date he commanded the United States bark " Restless " until Feb- ruary 23, 1865, when he took command of the United States steamer " Hendrick Hudson," and remained in that command until March 9, 1865. On the 17th of March, 1865, he was promoted to the rank of volunteer lieutenant-commander. On the 19th of IJecember, 1865, he was honor- ably discharged from the United States navy, with the rank of lieutenant-com- mander. On the 26th of November, 1866, he was appointed as acting master in the regular navy. March 12, 1868, he received a commission as ensign, and was promoted to lieutenant, March 21, 1870. Since that time Mr. Randall has served in that rank, and has rendered very valu- able service to the government. His rec- ord is without spot or stain. He was de- Soo RANNEY. RANNEY. sirous of remaining on the active list, but when the time for promotion came, al- though mentally and morally qualified, he was found physically disqualified, and on February 15, 1S82, he was placed upon the retired list as a lieutenant. In the action between the " Cumber- land " and the " Merrimac " in 1862, he received the injuries which later on pre- vented his promotion, but which through- out his twenty years of service had not in- terfered with the prompt and entirely effi- cient performance of his duties. By a special act of Congress, passed in 1885, he was retired with the rank and pay of a lieutenant-commander, which he would have received had he remained in the service. RANNEY, AMBROSE A., son of Wait- still R. and Phoebe (Atwood) Ranney, was born in Townshend, Windham county, ^'t., April 16, 182 1. He fitted for college at the Townshend Academy, and was graduated from Dart- mouth College in the class of 1844. Hi.s early life was spent on the home farm until he was nineteen years of age. His father was the leading physician of his native place, and was, for two years, lieu- tenant-governor of the state of Vermont. After graduation he studied law with Hon. Andrew Tracy in ^^'oodstock, Vt., and was admitted to the bar in Vermont in December, 1847. He immediately re- moved to Boston, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in June, 1848. Mr. Ranney was married in Cavendish, Vt., December 4, 1850, to Maria D., daugh- ter of Addison and Maria (Ingals) Fletcher. Of this union were four children : Fletcher Ranney (now a partner in his law firm), Maria F., Helen M., and Alice Ran- ney (now Mrs. Thomas Allen). He was city solicitor for Boston 1855 and '56 ; member of the House of Repre- sentatives 1857, '63 and '64; elected to Congress in 1880, as a Republican, from the 3d congressional district ; was twice re-elected, serving through the 47th, 48th and 49th Congresses. He joined the Re- publican party at its organization, and has ever since remained a staunch and active worker in its ranks. He served two terms in Congress on the committee on elections, investigating frauds and rendering most valuable service in the interests of fair elections and the integrity of the ballot-box, dealing, as had been his wont at the bar, heavy blows in his condemnation of all frauds and in- fringements of the rights of citizens. During the last term he was a member of the judiciary committee and was ap- pointed at the head of a special committee on the Republican side of the House to in- vestigate the famous Pan Electric scheme, involving the reputation and conduct of high governmental officials and e.vciting great public interest. His services on this committee are a matter of honorable record. His absorbing aim and ambition was, however, in the profession of the law. In this, before entering Congress, he had achieved eminent success in fame and for- tune. He had been only a few years at the bar when the office of city solicitor was conferred upon him, and his duties therein were discharged with entire satis- faction to all. He had little taste for politics, and political honors have at all AMBROSE A. RANNEY. times been thrust upon him, rather than sought for. But during his legislative service, both state and national, he won the respect and esteem of all parties, and impressed the public generally by his manly bearing, his fidelity to duty, as he understood it, and his great ability as a profound lawyer, and a successful legisla- tor. He may be said to have achieved a national reputation. While his return to private life, and his chosen profession, may RANNEY. KAY. SOI have been more congenial to him, his loss to the public service was the cause of deep regret among all who knew him and appre- ciated his virtues. RANNEY, Henry Sears, son of George and Achsah (Sears) Ranney, was born in Ashfield, Franklin county, March 5, 1817. His early education was obtained in the common schools of his native town and in Sanderson Academy. He began life as a clerk in mercantile business in Ashfield, 1833, in which busi- ness he remained eight years. Between the years 1841 and '58 he was in the same business on his own account for fourteen years, and in same business four years in Boston, in partnership with his brother-in-law, the late Cieorge C. Goodwin. He has spent the greater part of the last twenty-five years in Ashfield, his pres- ent residence. His tastes lead him into agricultural pursuits, in which he passes the time not given to the public service as a justice of the peace, town clerk and general factotum for the village. Po.ssess- ing the confidence of his townsmen, he has held various municipal offices, has been town clerk forty-one years, and justice for thirty-eight years. He served the Com- monwealth as representative from his dis- trict during the years 1852 and '68. Mr. Ranney was married in Ashfield, June 20, 1844, to Maria Jane, daughter of Anson Goodwin of Ashfield. Mrs. Ranney died Januarv 14, 1855, leaving two chil- dren : Ralph H. and Ella L. (Mrs. Albert Packard) Ranney. Both are now deceased. Mr. Ranney's second marriage was at Ash- field, June 26, 1856, to Julia A., daughter of Francis Bassett. RANTOUL, Robert Samuel, son of Robert Rantoul, Jr., and Jane Elizabeth (Woodbury) Rantoul, was born in Beverly, Essex county, June 2, 1832. In 1769 his paternal ancestor, Robert Rantoul, at the age of sixteen, came to Boston from Kin- ross in a British man-of-war, and subse- quently commanded Salem ships and was lost at sea, off ^'irginia capes, in the "Iris," in March, 1783. The name is traced in Kinross as far back as 1359. His early educational training was re- ceived at the Beverly Academy and the Boston Latin school, where he prejiared for college. He entered Harvard, gradu- ating in the class of 1853, and choosing the profession of the law, was graduated from the Dane law school, Harvard Uni- versity, class of 1856. Mr. Rantoul was married in Salem, May 13, 1858, to Harriet C., daughter of David A. and Harriet C. (Price) Neal. Mr. Rantoul represented Beverly in the lower branch of the Legislature in 1858, and the city of Salem in 1884 and '85. He was appointed by President Lincoln, in 1865, collector of the port of Salem and Beverly, and served until 1869. He was active in bringing the water from ^Venham Lake into Salem, i863-'68; was arbitrator between the Commonwealth and the Massachusetts Historical Society in the matter of the Hutchinson papers in 1873 ; was orator at the centennial cele- bration of American independence, at Stuttgart, Wiirtemberg, 1876, and at the commemoration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of Winthrop's landing at Salem, in 1880. He is a vice-president of the Essex Institute. He resides at Salem in the winter, and at Beverly Farms in the summer months. Among other writings he has published the following : " Notes on Wenham Pond " (1864) ; "The Cod in Massachusetts His- tory" (1865); "Address on Taking the Chair of the Essex Liberal Conference " (1S69) ; "Port of Salem" (1870) ; "Notes on Old Modes of Travel " (1872) ; report as arbitrator between the Commonwealth and the Massachusetts Historical Society (1874) ; "The Essex Junto," "The Long Embargo," " The Great Topsfield Caucus of 1808 " (1882) ; "Authenticity of the Por- traits of Governor Endicott " (1883) ; re- ports to the Massachusetts Legislature against abolishing the poll-tax qualifi- cation (1S85), and against the biennial amendments (i884-'5) ; "Material for a History of the Name and Family of Ren- toul— 'Rintoul — Rantoul" (1885); "A Contribution to the History of the Ancient Family of Woodbury" (1887), and "The Spirit of the Early Lyceums" (1888). RAY, James Paine, son of Joseph and Lydia (Paine) Ray, was born in South Mendon (now East Blackstone), Worcester count)', August I, 1820. He attended the common and high schools in Bellingham and Uxbridge, and the Manual Labor School in Worcester, and at the early age of fifteen he took charge of a district school in Northbridge, which he taught one term. He was then employed as a clerk in a store in Upton, and subsequently worked in a cotton fac- tory in South Mendon. In 1837, lacking four years of his major- ity, with a capital of seven dollars, he be- ean to make cotton battinir on his own KAV. RAY. account in Franklin. In 1839 he moved to Unionviile, adtling to his plant the manu- facture of wicking. On May 31, 1843, at Franklin, he mar- ried Susan, daughter of Captain Alfred and Eleanor (Hawes) Knapp, of Franklin. Their children are : Edgar Knapp, James Francis, and Alfred Knapp Ray. Mr. Ray continued until 1844 in the manufacture of cotton batting, wicking, twine, etc., in Unionville, when he was brought into financial embarrassment by the partner of a Boston commission house which was handling his goods. He was enabled, however, to get an extension of time, and in 1847, having met the last of JAMES P RAY. his obligations, he resumed his business career, which has since been most prosper- ous. He represented the town of Franklin in the state Legislature of 1861, and fur- nished all the recruits for the war, paying for them out of his own pocket, and waited until the town had a right to reimburse him. In 1865 Mr. Ray removed to Woon- socket, where he remained until 187 1, when he returned to Franklin. He again represented that town in the Legislature of 1877, and was a member of the state Senate in 1880 and '81. Up to the time of removing to Franklin the firm hatl seen many changes ; two brothers had been associated, then a thirtl was taken in as a partner. In i860 the firm of Ray Brothers was dissolved, Francis B. retiring, and the business being con- tinued by James P. and Joseph G., under the firm name of J. P. & J. G. Ray. In 1873 the firm of Ray, Rathbun & Co. w-as organized at Woonsocket. Previous to this time the Ray brothers had bought and enlarged a mill in North Bellingham for the manufacture of satinets, under the firm name of Ray's Woolen Company, James P. Ra)', president. Ray, Rathbun & Mc- Kenzie built a factory in Franklin for the manufacture of felting, and in 1877, J. P. & J. G. Ray built a factory for the manu- facture of fancy cassimeres. In 1878 the Messrs. Ray purchased the property of the Putnam Manufacturing- Company, Putnam, Conn., and made a stock company, of which James P. Ray is president. They also bought the interest of Mr. Eaton, in the firm of Eaton & Wil- son, Medway, and now manufacture batting there under the firm name of Ray tS: AVilson. James P., with Fxl.gar K., his son, bought the George C. Ballon mill in Woonsocket, R. I., where they manufacture cotton goods untler the firm name of J. P. & ¥,. K. Rav. The same firm own the Windsor Mills at ( Ireenville, R. I. The progress of James P. Ray and his associates since 1847 has been steady and successful. Beginning in both branches of the textile industry in their simpler and coarser forms, they have reached the finest fabrics in both, without dropping any one branch or grade of work when taking on another. Mr. Ray is president of the folhiwing corporations : City Mills Company, City Mills ; First National Bank of Franklin ; the Milford, Franklin & Providence Rail- road Company, and the Rhode Island & Massachusetts Railroad Company (Massa- chusetts division). He is the treasurer of the Franklin Cotton Manufacturing Com- pany, and president of the Woonsocket Horse Railroad Company, owning a con- trolling interest in the latter. He is also the president of the recently organized Dean Co-operative Bank of Franklin. RAY, JOSEPH G., son of Joseph and Lydia (Paine) Ray, was born in .South Mendon (now East Blackstone), Worcester county, October 4, 183 1. Ll'p to the age of twelve years he was educated at the public schools of his native town ; he then passed a year at school at Nashua, N. H., and in 1847, having saved sufficient money for the purpose, he went RAV. RAY. 503 for a year to a school in W'alpole, N. IT. From tlie age of eight years he was work- ing mornings and evenings for his brother at Unionville, manufacturing twine. From that time until he left school, he was em- ployed in the various departments of the mill, and became quite an expert in the work cari'ietl on there. JOSEPH G, RAY, In 1850, with his brother Francis, he started the first rag-picker in that district, and laid the foundation of the first shoddy mill in New F.ngland, under the firm title of Ray Brothers. In i860 this firm was dissolved, Francis B. Ray retiring. The business was then carried on by J. P. & J. f^. Ray, who purchased the Bartlett mill at Woonsocket, R. I., and engaged in the manufacture of cotton sheetings. In 1865 they purchased a woolen mill in North Bellingham, for the manufacture of satinets. In 1870 they built a mill at Franklin Centre for the manufacture of shotldy, and in 1877 another in Franklin for the manufacture of fancy cassimeres. Joseph G. Ray was chosen to represent Blackstone in the Fegislature in 1859, he being then twenty-eight years of age. In 1869 he was elected senator by the Nor- folk district, in which he resided. In 1884 he was elected a delegate to the national Republican convention at Chicago, by the 9th congressional district of Massachu- setts. He has for several years past been chairman of the Republican town com- mittee. He is treasurer of Ray's Woolen Com- pany, City Mills Company, Massachusetts & Rhode Island Railroad, and the Milford & Providence Railroad, president of the Franklin Library Association, a director of the Franklin National Bank, and a trustee of Dean Academy, Franklin. Mr. Ray was married at East Black- stone, in 1854, to Emily, daughter of Col. Joseph and .\nnie Rockwood, by whom he has two children : I.ydia P. and Annie R. Ray. 'i'he business of Mr. Ray and his asso- ciates, since 1850, has covered all the ground in both cotton and woolen textile industries, from batting to finished cotton cloths, and from shoddy to fancy cassi- meres. RAY, William Francis, only child of I'rancis B. and Susan B. (Rockwood) Ray, was born in Franklin, Norfolk county, March 2, 1854. WILLIAM F RAY, He enjoyed the educational advantages furnished by the public schools of his na- tive town, preparing for college in Dean Academv, from which he was graduated in 1870. He entered Brown University, 504 RAYMOND. READ. Providence, R. I., and was graduated in the clas.s of 1874. He then joined his father in the woolen business, remaining until 1883, when he went into business for himself. He is now treasurer and manager of the Norfolk Woolen Company. Mr. Rav was married in CheLsea, De- cember 25, 1875, to Harriet Phipps, daughter of Charles A. and Mary J. (Phipps) Richardson. Of this union were five children : Mabel, Maude Louise, Charles .-V. R., William F., and Alice Mar- jorie Ray. Mr. Ray has been called to serve his town and state in various offices. He has been chief of the lire department, selectman, member of the school board ; has been moderator at ;he town meetings for many years, and represented the 9th Norfolk district in the House of Representatives in the sessions of 1S85 and '87, serving upon the committees on manufactures, pavroll, and public service, and on the child labor commission. RAYMOND, JOHN Marshall, .son of Alfred .\. and Sarah (ButTurn) Ra\mond, was born in Salem, Essex count v, (une 16, 1852. He received his educational training in the common schools of Salem, the Friends' boarding-school, Providence, R. I., and the Boston University law school, graduating from the latter institution in the class of 187S. His first connection in business was as a clerk in a crockery store. He was after- w-ards connected with the freight depart- ment of the Eastern and Boston & Lowell railroads, at Salem, and still later was station agent at Peabody. In October, 1878, Mr. Raymond was admitted to the Essex county bar, and immediately began the practice of his pro- fession in Salem, where he has since re- sided. In June, 1879, at Salem, he was married to Anna Belle, daughter of John Jackson, by whom he had three children ; Eva S., Helen J., and Grace Raymond, the latter dying in 1884. Mrs. Raymond died in January, 1885. Mr. Raymond is a member of the Essex Lodge of Masons, Scottish Rites, 2d lieu- tenant-commander, Massachusetts Con- sistory; 32d degree ]\Lison; a member of the Winslow Lewis Commandery, K. T.; Sutton Chapter Royal Arch Masons and Council Royal Arch Masons ; is past grand of Fraternity Lodge, LO. O. F.; president of Salem Mutual Benefit .'\ssociation, one of the oldest benefit associations in the State. He is also president of the Salem Co-operative Bank, and chairman of the trustees of the Salem public librarv. Li 1880 Mr. Raymond was a member of the executive council, in 1881 and '82 president of the Salem common council, and in 1885, '86, '87 and '88 mayor of the city of Salem. Four times chosen to the office of mavor, Mr. Raymond was instrumental in estab- lishing the public library of Salem, and also in increasing the rate of liquor licenses before the late act of the Legislature. Many of the reforms which have tended to the growth and improvement of the city of Salem were conceived b)- him and successfully carried out during his adminis- tration. After two terms Mr. Raymond decided not to again stand for mayor, but in answer to a petition of the leading men of Salem, he once more consented to be a candidate, and was elected by a largely increased majority. READ, Franklin P., son of Festus and Rebecca (Blackman) Read, was born at Windsor, Berkshire county, June 14, 1827, and moved to Pittsfield in 1836. He was educated at the common schools ; was in California in i85i-'52, after which he began his first mercantile employment in the groceries and meat business in 1854. Resigning from that occupation in 1876, he devoted his attention to insurance and to the ice business. He is now largely en- gaged as public administrator in the settle- ment of estates. On the 9th of August, 1857, in Pittsfield, Mr. Read was married to Martha C, daughter of James B. and Lvdia (Plant) Butler. Their only living chikl is : Frank- lin F. Read, Jr. For four years Mr. Read was assessor and tax-collector in Pittsfield, and for one year served as selectman. He has been treasurer and a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is actively identified with several benevolent societies, being well known in his community as a man of influence and energy, upholding all social and religious movements towards reform. READ, Joseph Henry, son of Zacchcus and Mary (Heyward) Read, was born in Westford, Middlesex county, August 5, 1835- After securing a common school educa- tion in the public schools of his native town, he availed himself of a course of study in the Springfield English and Clas- READE. KEADE. 505 sical school, and afterward at Westford Academy He chose farniin.14 for a calling, and has made no change since. Mr. Read was married in Westford, Jan- uary 13, 1S57, to Mary Eleanor, daughter of Daniel and Mary Ann(iieebe) Falls. Of this union were six children : M. Alice, Carrie E., Nelie A., Abbie M., Henry B. and Florence H. Read. He has held the various town offices, as selectman, overseer of the poor, school committee, auditor, etc. He has been a director in the Stony Brook R. R. since 1873, and a director and secretary of the Westford Mutual Fire Insurance Company since 1S76. He was a representative to the General Court in i872-'3, and has been commis- sioner of Middlese.x county, since January, 1876. His residence is Westford. READE, JOHN, son of Patrick and Mary (O'Neil) Reade, was born in Kil- kenny, Ireland, December i, 1825. Coming to this country at an early age, he obtained the advantages of a common school education. In 1846 he entered the •woolen mill at Waterford, Conn., as a spin- ner, remaining there a year and a half. He then went to Milford in 1848, and took charge of one of the departments in the woolen mill : remained there nearly twent)' years, being engaged in the boot and shoe business, and also in the real estate busi- ness, accumulating considerable wealth, the largest portion of which was spent in organizing companies for the war. He removed to Charlestown in 1868, where he still resides, his business being a dealer in real estate, auctioneer, undertaker, and stable-keeper. In 1851 Mr. Reade was married, in Lei- cester, to Elizabeth, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Riley) Hogan. Of this union are three children now living : Vincent de Paul, Ceorge E., and Nellie T. Reade. Mr. Reade has been a member of the 1 )emocratic ward antl city committee for many years ; also a member of the Chari- table Irish Society, and Montgomery Light (luards; president of the local lodge of the Land League ; treasurer of the Ancient Order of Hibernians ; colonel of Thomas Francis Meagher Post 3, \'eteran Lhiion, and has been a member of Post 1 1, G. A. R., for twenty years. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1880, and was re-elected the two succeeding years, 1881-82. In 1S61 he organized, at his own ex- pense, a compan}" of the 48th Massachu- S06 REKl). KKKI). setts regiment, and went with llieni in the front ; was atterward attached to the 27th reijinient, and was taken prisoner at Peters- burjj, July 50, 1.S64. Me was tlie onlv eomniissioneti officer left when captured at the mine, all the rest being; kiUetl. womuled or sick ; was an iinnate of the rebel prison for over seven months, and at the end of the war was commissioned captain bv Presi- dent Ji.)hnson, for his brave and valuable services during the rebellion. He also raised a company for the 57th veterans. Captain Reade enjoys the well-merited respect and esteem of his fellow-townsmen. He has shown himself a loyal soldier, a patriotic citizen, a faithful legislator, and an ini'orni|ilible administrator of everv public and private trust committed to his hands. REED, ERASTUS MALTBY, son of Wil Ham and Mary (Dennis) Reed, was born in Taunton, Bristol county, July j8, 1832. Public schools and Bristol Acailemy, of Taunton, gave him his early educational training. He then studieii law in ilu- office of Hassett iS: Reed, 'I'atnitnn, .nul was admittetl to practice in the Ihistol county bar, 1856. Mav i^v ''^56, he o|5ened a law office in Mansiield, in the Old Meeting House. He has remained in Mansfield ever since, but for several years held legal connections with James H. Dean, Taunton. Mr. Reed was married in I'aunton, .\ii- gust 21, 1857, to Sar.ih Jane, tlaughter of John and Mary (Pierce) t'lockette of Mid dietown. Conn. ( )f this union is one child: Hertha llnldcn Rceil. Mr. Reed has lucn town clerk, town treasurer, enrolling oflicer umler the United States government iluring the war of the rebellion ; a member of the school boaril, aiul superintendent of schools : was a member of the lower branch of the Legis- lature, 1S66 and '67 ; clerk of the Ortho- dox t'ongregational society ; a trustee of the Bristol County Savings Bank ; justice of the peace, notary public, trial justice and special justice of the first tlistrict court of Bristol count \- ; commissioner nl insolvencv, master in chancery ; president of Cobb Stone iS; Machine Company, 'i'aun- ton ; for manv vears treasurer of St. James Lodge, 1'. \' .\. M., of which he was one of the charter members. RHED, JOSIAH, the son of Thomas S. antl t'vnthia (Shaw) Reed, was born .\pril iS, 1826, in South Weymouth, Norfolk county. He is a lineal descendant of \\\\- liam Reed and Ivis, his wife, who settleil in \\'eyniouth in 1635, being the eighth generation ficiin Wilham 1. Williau! Keeil was the first representative to the (leneral Court from Weymouth after its incorpora- tion. .\mong the ancestors of Josiah Reed were Colonel Thomas Reed, wiio du'd in I 7 II); Captain John Reed, who died in 1757, and Captain John Reed, who served in the revolutionary war. These early ancestors were inspectors of leather in Weymouth, at that time such officials being chosen by the town, Among the later generations were Harvey and Quincy Reed, who established the first wholesale boot and slioe store in the citv of Boston. JOSIAH REED. In fact, this family claim to be the found- ers of the boot and shoe business of this country. Mr. Reed's unbinken ri'i oiil ol persever- ing nuhistr\- has an eaiiv beginning, he working at the age of mne at a bench by his father's side in his shoe-maker's shop The winter months, sjient in the district si-hool, served rather as a vacatitJii than as a season of labor. .\ service of several vears with Nathaniel Shaw Ov Co. was the preliminary to his successful business ca- reer as boot and shoe manufacturer, l^pon tills he entered in 1851, when twenty-five vears of age, and in January, 1832, he sold the first gooils for the California market. He made a specialty of that traile for the Ki;i;i). KKVNdl.DS. 507 iK'Xt I'lfU'ca years, and lairii'd his business up to a position of commercial slaiulin<;' widely known and universally respected. In due course of time Henry H. Recti and the late F. Sumner Reed were admitteil to the firm. In 18.S6 he gave the reins into younger hand.s, leavinjf to his successor, Henry H. Reed, not only a sound and well- established business, but a record of strict and unblemished mercantile integrity. Mr. Reed was married in 1845, to Sarah C. Fogg, whose death occurred in 1863. His second wife, Mary j. Ainsworlh, lived but a few years, and in 1874 Mr. Reed married Mrs. Helen M. Matson, of Milwau- kee, \\'is., a daughter of ^^'alter P. and Susan (Cireeley) Flanders. His surviving children are : Mrs. |. W. Melil of Dorches- ter, Henry P.. Reed", .Mrs. J. H. Klwcll of South Weymouth, and Ralph Durycaand Kate Isabel Reed, childriMi in the famih- iiome. Mr. Ret'd has been idcnlificd wilh all good measures and works in his nali\c town. In the single point of introduction of water he is deserving of the most endur- ing gratitude. llis was the llrst voice raised to advocate this greatly needed improveuu'nl. Unmoved by threats, un- ilaunted by opposition, Mr. Reed firmly pressed his point, gaining slowlv in supjiort, until in 1884, the motion to introduce water into the town was carried by a two- thirds vote. A leading spirit in the councils of tlu' town, his inlluence has been felt. .\ staunch worker in the Rejiublican party, he has never failed to respond to a call to tluty. In charities, an open hand has been constantly bestowing its quiet and liberal gifts. He has been a deacon in the Con gregational church for the last thirty-seven years ; is i)resitlent of the Savings Pank. and vice-president of the First National Bank of \Veymouth. REED, William, Jr., son of wiiiiam and Sophia (I. add) Reed, was born in Newbury|)ort, Kssex ct)untv, Deiember j, 1842. He received his early educational train ing in the public schools of Newburypoit and C'andiriilge. He was graduateil from Harvard College in the class of 1864. After graduation he taught in high schools in Mas.sachusetts, New \'ork, and Pennsyl- vania, hut having a taste for journalism, became editor of the "Daily News" of Fall River, in 1866. In 1 868 he went to Montana Territory and took editorial charge of the Helena " Daily Herald," the first Republican daily ;er, was born July 15, 1885. Mr. Sanger is a Reiiublican in politics, and for the last ten years has taken an ac- tive interest in public affairs in the city of Cambridge. For five years he has been treasurer of the Republican city committee, and in 1887 was a member of the common council from ward 5. In 1888 he was a member of the House of Representatives from the ist Middlesex district, and was returned in 1889, making for himself an e.xcellent record. In October, 1889, he was appointed justice of the 3d eastern Micklle- se.K district court. CHESTER F. SANGER. He is a man of originality and ability, with positive convictions. In the positions of responsibility in which he has been placed thus early in his career, he has con- ducted himself to the eminent satisfaction of his constituents, and gives promise of enlarged popularity and prominence in the future. SANGER, George Partridge, son of Ralph and Charlotte (Kingman) Sanger, was born in Dover, Norfolk county, No- vember 27, 1819. He is a lineal descendant of Richard Sanger, of Hingham, in Norfolk, England, who settled in Hingham, Mass., in 1636. The American ancestors of Mr. Sanger have been distinguished for sturdy patriot- ism, refined scholarshi|5 and exemplary piety. His father and grandfather (Zede- kiah Sanger, D. D.), were clergymen of profound scholarship. George P. Sanger was fitted for college under the instruction of his father, and at the academy in Bridgewater, where he spent the summer and fall of 1833 and '34. He taught school in Dover in the winter of 1834, and in Sharon, in that of 1835; entered Harvard College in 1836 ; was graduated in the class of 1840, and taught a private school in Portsmouth, N. H., from November, 1840, to )ulv, 1842. He was appointed proctor in Harvard College in August, 1842, and entered the Dane law school the same year. In the spring of 1843 he was appointed tutor in Latin, holding the position until 1846, keeping up his connection with the law school during the four years. He re- ceived in course the degrees of A. M. and LL. B. from the college, and was for sev- eral vears a member of the committee for examination of the undergraduates in Latin. He was admitted to the bar in Boston in the spring of 1846, and the same year became a law partner with Stephen H. Phillips, of Salem, a companion in the law school. This relation continued until Mr. Phillips removed his law office to Salem, lie was then for a short time partner with a college classmate, Charles G. Davis, of Plymouth. In 1849 he became assistant to the Hon. (Jeorge I>unt, attorney of the United States for the district of Massa- chusetts during the Taylor-Fillmore ad- ministration. He subsequently resumed general practice, chiefly in the admiralty. In January, 1853, he was appointed by Governor Clifford on his military staff, and in October was made district attorney for the Suffolk district. In September, 1846, he married Elizabeth Sherburne, daughter of William Whipple Thomp.son, of Portsmouth, N. H.,and took up his residence in Charlestown, where he resided until 1853, when he removed to Boston. Of this union were five sons : John \Vhite, William Thompson, George Partridge, Charles Robert Sanger — all graduates of Harvard — and Henry Clif- ford Sanger (deceased in infancy). In Charlestown he was two years a member of the school board and two years member of the board of aldermen ; was first captain of the Charlestown City (Uiards, then one of the most noted military 536 SARGENT. SARGENT. organizations of the Commonwealth. In i853-'54 he commanded tlie Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massa- chusetts. He was district attorney for Suffolk from October, 1853, until the sum- mer of 1854, when he was appointed by Governor Emory Washburn, a judge of the court of common pleas, holding until the abolition of that court, in 1869, when he resumed practice in Boston. He was a member of the Boston com- mon council in 1870. In 1861 he was again appointed district attorney for Suf- folk district, and elected in the autumn of that year for the remainder of that term of three years; was re-elected in 1863 for three years, and again in 1866, but declined to serve another term. In 1867 he removed to Cambridge, where he still resides. He was for several years president of the John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company of Boston ; mem- ber of the House of Representatives in 1873 ; was appointed United States attor- ney for the district of Massachusetts by President Grant in 1873 ; was re-appointed in 1877 by President Hayes, and again in 1882 by President Arthur. He has spent much time during his pro- fessional years in literary labors ; was editor of the " American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge," from 1848 to '60 ; was twice editor of the " Law Reporter ; " edited the " Statutes at Large of the United States," from 1855 to '73, vols. ii. to xvii. inclusive. In i860 Judge William A. Richardson and Mr. Sanger were appointed by the Massachusetts Legislature to prepare and publish the "General Statutes" of i860; and again to prepare and publish an annual "Supplement to the General Statutes." 'I'his work they performed continuously for twenty-one years, until the General Statutes were superseded by the " Public Statutes " in 1881. SARGENT, Horace M., son of David P. and Mary W. (Bartlett) Sargent, was born in Haverhill, Essex county, October 19, 1 86 1. His mother was the daughter of Ezekiel G. Bartlett, of Hill, N. H.. who for many years was a prominent man in his section of the state. His early education was received in the schools of Bristol and Franklin, N. H., where his parents temporarily resided. When thirteen years of age he was appren- ticed as a " printer's devil " in the " Essex Banner " office, Haverhill, and subse- quently worked in various offices as jour- neyman printer until 18S4. He then studied law in the offices of N. C. Bart- lett and Moody & Bartlett, Haverhill, and at the Boston University law school. He was admitted to the bar, June 30, 1886, and is now in legal practice in Haverhill. Mr. Sargent was married in Haverhill, June 23, 1886, to Ida Currier. Mr. Sargent is an active member of the Centre Congregational church, in which he has held various church and parish offices. He has been a member of the common council for the past two years, serving on imjiortant committees, including that on rebuilding city hall. He has been a mem- ber and secretary of the Republican city committee for the past four years, and is a prominent young Republican of Haver- hill. He is interested in various fraternal organizations, in which he has been called to official service. SARGENT, JOSEPH Leonard, son of Joseph R. and Hannah E. Sargent, was born in Boston, September 27, 1829. He received his early education in the Eliot school, Boston, which was supple- mented by academic training in Methuen. His first connection in business was with Smith Barker, manufacturer of cork goods in Boston. He went to Lowell in 1845, and was for a time with S. T. and William H. Hardy, provision dealers. Later he entered the employ of the Massachusetts Cotton Mills, Lowell, and remained until the closing of the mills in 1862 — the last ten years having charge of the weaving in mills Nos. I and 2. In June, 1863, he opened a provision store in Lowell, remaining in this business until 1875, when he accepted a position tendered by the manufacturing corpora- tions of that city, as inspector. The better to serve them in this capacity, he was appointed deputy sheriff. In 1880 he ac- cepted a call from the textile and other manufacturers of Massachusetts, to rep- resent them before the committees of the Legislature in all matters in w'hich they had an interest, and up to date he has been so employed, at the same time holding the office of inspector for the Lowell cor- porations. Mr. Sargent was for years a member of the board of aldermen of Lowell, two years a member of the common council, two years a member of the lower branch of the Legislature, and has been generally active in municipal and political matters. He was alternate at the national Republican conventions, Chicago, in 1880 and '84, and deletrate in '88. He is chairman of the SAUNDERS. SAVAGE. 537 county committee, and has long been a justice of the peace. For many years Mr. Sargent was presi- dent of the Middlese.v North Agricultural Society, and is vice-president of the Mid- dlesex Club. Mr. Sargent was married in Franklin, N. H., April, 1850, to Frances, daughter of Rev. Benj. Hazelton, of Northfield, N. H., who died in i860. In 1865 he mar- ried H. .\ugusta, daughter of Henry P. and Hannah (i. Clough, of Lowell. He has two children : Alexis D. and Francis J. Sargent. His church connections are with the Congregational church. He is a member of the Eliot School .Association, Boston, and is associated with the Knights of Pyth- ias and I. O. C). F. SAUNDERS, AMOS J., the only son of Joseph and Mary (Mighill) Saunders, was born in Rowley, Essex county, August 3, 1826. He received his primary education in the common schools of his native town. At the age of twelve he entered Dummer Academy, Newbury, then under charge of Nehemiah Cleveland. He remained here a }-ear or more. In 1850 he entered Pierce Academy, Middleborough, where he re- ceived the greater part of his preparation for college. He entered Brown Univer- sity in 1852. Soon after his graduation from Brown, he was engaged as a teacher in the grammar school at Danvers. In August, 1856, he was elected principal of the Merriniac Academy. He followed this profession until 1867, when he resigned his charge to engage in mercantile pursuits. He bought out a store in Pepperell, and the next year opened a branch store in East Pepperell, where he soon after re- moved with his family. Mr. Saunders has filled nearly all the offices in the gift of his town. In 1873 and '76 he represented his district in the popular branch of the General Court. In 1876 he was elected to the Senate to re|i- resent the 5th Middlesex district, and was re-elected the succeeding year, serving on the following joint standing committees : liquor law, woman suffrage, claims, taxation, and education. In 1878 he was appointed chairman of the committee on education. In 1874 he was appointed a justice of the peace, which position he still holds. In November, 1856, he married Lucy P., daughter of John and Mary Savage. Of this union are four children : Lucy Blanch- ard, Joseph Amos, May H., and Stella F. Saunders. SAVAGE, Edward Baxter, son of Samuel K. and Chloe (Stone) Savage, was born in Hubbardston, Worcester county, August 6, 1846. He received his early educational train- ing in the common schools of his native town, supplemented by a course at the Wesleyan Academy, VVilbraham. Choosing the profession of law, he pur- sued his legal studies in the office of Bacon EDWARD B, SAVAGE & Aldrich. Worcester, and was admitted to the Worcester county bar in 1872. Prior to his admission to the bar he was engaged in teaching in the common schools of Hubbardston and vicinity, acceptably serving his native town as chairman of the school committee for several years. He was subsequently connected with the management of the state reform school. In 1883 he came to Haverhill, where he has since remained in honorable and suc- cessful practice. November i, 1875, at Somerville, Mr. Savage was married to Louisa J., daughter of Oraman and Louisa (Latimer) Hunton. Of this union were four chiklren : Edward H., tleorge A., William A., and Harry L. Savage (who died in 1886). When Mr. Savage was but a boy, his patriotic spirit asserted itself, and he ran away from home to join the army. Finally 538 SAVAGE. SAVAGE. gaining the consent of his parents, he enlisted in the 42d Massachusetts regiment, and served with honor and distinction throughout the war. Mr. Savage for years has been identified with the G. A. R., and is past commander of Major Howe Post, No. 47. In 1888 he was appointed by Governor Ames a mem- ber of the commission to estabhsh the boundary line between New Hampshire and Massachusetts, which office he still holds. He is a staunch Republican, and has ever been actively identified with local and state ]5()litics. He was elected to the Haverhill com- mon council in 1888, and honored with a re-election to the same body in i88g, and was called by his fellow-members to pre- side over their deliberations. SAVAGE, MiNOT J , son of Joseph I,, and Ann S. Savage, was born in Norridge- wock, Somerset county, Maine, June 10, 1 84 1 . His father was an industrious farmer, and during his boyhood Mr. Savage stud- ied as he was afforded opportunity, with the idea of ultimately entering college. Ill health prevented, however, but in spite of discouraging circumstances, the early am- bition to enter the ministry constantly in- creased. He had always been a student from the time when he was first able to read. He was brought up in the Orthodo.x faith, and in 1861 entered the Bangor Theolog- ical Seminary. He was graduated in 1864, and took a commission from the American Home Missionary Society of New York to engage in missionary work, which was his most earnest ambition. Hesailed from New York in September, 1864, for California, via Panama, three days after his marriage. He was assigned to San Mateo, twenty miles south of San Francisco, on the shores of the bay, where he began preaching in the local schoolhouse. He remained here for a year and a half, and then for a year and a half preached in Grass Valley, among the foothills of the Sierras. On his return from California, he preached for a few Sundays in Dr. Webb's church and in the Park Street church in Boston, and subse- quently accepted a call from the Congre- gational church in Framingham. The western fever still possessed him, however, and after two years he accepted a call from Hannibal, Mo. Here he remained for three and a half years, experiencing a decided change in his theological views, becoming convinced that he must leave the Orthodox faith for a freer field. At the end of his Hannibal pastorate he re- ceived flattering calls from Congregational churches in Indianapolis and Springfield, 111., and from the Third Unitarian church in Chicago. His change of opinions led him to accept the call from Chicago. Thus the first time that he ever stood in a Unitarian pul- pit was when he stood in his own. In 1874 Mr. Savage came to Boston to attend the May anniversary meetings, spoke in Music Hall and preached in the Church of the Unity, from which he soon afterwards re- ceived a very complimentary call. Here he has remained ever since, and here he has built up a reputation as one of the most prominent theological teachers of the day. He is one of the shining pulpit MINOT J. SAVAGE. lights, not only of Boston but of the coun- try. He is known to thousands who have never seen his face nor heard his voice. His published sermons have a very wide circu- lation, reaching India, South Africa, Aus- tralia and Japan ; and in other literary en- deavors he wields great influence. As an author, his name figures conspicuously in the religious and critical literature not only of our own country, he being an able and faithful contributor to newspapers and magazines, but several of his books have also been republished in London His congregation is eminently an intelli- gent one ; and though a radical of the SAVILLE. SAWYER. 539 radicals, his rliief work is in the line of re- construction : so he has come to enjoy the esteem and good will of his ministerial co- temporaries, as well as the deep respect and loyal attachment of his parishioners. On the 29th of August, 1864, Mr. Savage was married in Harvard to Ella .-\,, daugh- ter of John and .Ann S. Dodge. Their children are: (lertrude, Philip H., Helen L. and Max S. Savage. SAVILLE, Leonard Augustus, son of David and Ann W. Saville, was born in Gloucester (.\nnisquam), Esse.x county, January 31, 1S33. His grandfather on the mother's side was Ezra Leonartl, for many years minister at Annisquam. His paternal ancestors were shipmasters. He was educated in the common and high schools of {Gloucester and Charles- town. At the age of si.xteen he went to California (1849) around Cape Horn in the sailing vessel " Harriet Rockwell," working his passage. He arrived there early in 1850, went to the mines that summer, and after- wards was in trade, running a store in the mining regions in 1853. He left San Francisco in January, 1854, in the ship " Northern Light," bound for Boston, arriving there in .April, He worked as draughtsman in an architect's office for several years, but in 1861 went into the grocery busine.ss in Lexington under the firm name of Bennett & Saville. His part- ner died in 1864, He continued the busi- ness until 1868, when he was called to Cali- fornia by the death of his father. Return- ing by the way of the Isthmus, as he went, in 1869 he took his family and again went to California by the Union Pacific Railroad soon after it was opened for travel. He opened a commission business in San Fran- cisco, where he remained until 1871, when he returned once more to Lexington, and bought out his old business, Mr, Saville was married in Lexington, June 5, 1862, to Rebecca H., daughter of James and Caroline W, (Brooks) Ciould. Of this union were two children : Fred C. and Annie M. Saville. Mr. Saville has been called to serve his town in nearly every municipal office ; is now town clerk, which position he has filled seventeen years. He was first master of Independence Lodge, A. O. U. W., treasurer of the Lexington Historical Society, a member of the House of Rep- resentatives in 1883, serving as monitor and clerk of the committee on towns. He is a justice of the peace, and does consider- able probate business. SAWYER, Henry O., son of Oliver 1). and Angeline A. Sawyer, was born in Berlin, \\'orcester county, June 10, 1844. He received his early education in the public .schools of West Boylston and a pri- vate school at Lancaster. At twenty-one years of age, in 1865, Mr. Sawyer bought the general merchandise business of '1'. \'. Phelps & Co., in West Boylston. In .August of the same year he admitted M. K. Walker into the part- nership, the firm name being Sawyer & Walker. January i, 1872, he sold his interest in the business to Mr. Walker. He immediately purchased of E. Brim- hall his interest in the furniture business at Clinton, the firm name being Field & Sawyer. .A])ril i, 1878, he sold his inter- est to Lucius Field, repurchasing the business of Mr. Walker, he, with his brother, continued the same, under the firm name of Sawyer Brothers, dealers in .general merchandise, and furnishing un- dertakers. January 18, 1889, he bought out his brother and admitted his son, H. L. Sawyer, and J. F. Higgins, and is now conducting the business under tlie firm name of H. O. Sawyer & Com- pany. Mr. Sawyer was married in Clinton, January i, 1866, to Flora .A., daughter of Solon and Laura P. ^^'etherbee. Of this union are four children : Harry L., Angle F., Cora A., and Carl W. Sawyer., Mrs. Sawyer died September 20, 1888. Mr. Sawyer has been called to serve his town in the various municipal offices, as town clerk, selectman, treasurer, a mem- ber of the school board, etc. He is a trustee and a member of the investment committee of the Security Savings Bank, in West Boylston He has been chairman of the Republican town committee for the past ten years, and was a member of the Massachusetts delegation to the Chicago convention, in lune, 1888. He was a representative to the General Court in 18S1, and served on the com- mittee on education. He is worshipful master of Trinity Lodge, F. & A. M.; regent of Beaman Council, No. 964, R. A., and is one of the executive committee of the Worcester County Grocers' Associa- tion, He was a private in company E, 42d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, has been commander of Post 28, G, A. R., three terms, and of Post 64 one year. He is a member of the West Boylston Business Men's Club, and one of its vice- presidents. 540 SAWYER. SAWYER. SAWYER, Joseph, was bom in Bos- ton, October 22, 1823. He is a lineal de- scendant of James Sawyer, who was born in England about 1630, and emigrated to this country between the years 1665 antl '69. He settled first in Ipswich and sub- sequently removed to (iloucester. The father of the subject of this sketch was a mariner ; made a number of voyages to England, and before he was twenty-one years of age was master of a packet-ship. He married Ellen Whyte in Liverpool, England. Joseph, the eldest of eleven children, received his education in the Eliot school, Boston, but at fourteen years of age was desirous of entering into business, and ob- tained a situation in the retail dry-goods store of the late Joshua Stetson on Hanover Street, then the headquarters of this line of trade. He continued with his employer after he had established an e.xtensive jobbing busi- ness. In 1844 the firm of Wilkinson, Stet- son & Co. was organized in the woolen im- porting and jobbing business. This house recognized the industry and application of Mr. Sawyer, and in 1849 he was admitted as a partner. These relations continued until 1S62, the house representing some of the largest mills in New England. At this time the commission house of E. R. Mudge, Sawyer & Co. was formed for the sale of textile fabrics. They purchased, in company with the old firm of Wilkinson, Stet.son & Co., the Burlington Woolen Mills of Winooski, Vt., the largest woolen mills in the .state, and of which Air. Sawyer's friend and partner, Joshua Stetson, was treasurer. On the death of Mr. Stetson in 1869, Mr. Sawyer succeeded to the treasurership of the corporation, from which he retired in 18S2 to assume the presidency. Since the death of Hon. E. R. Mudge' the firm has been dissolved, and Mr. Sawyer has retired from active business. He remains, however, a special partner in the firm which is the successor to the large and prominent business which has been built up. Mr. Sawyer has been for many years a director in the National Revere Bank, trustee of a number of estates, and con- nected with various charitable and benevo- lent societies. Mr. Sawyer was married in Boston, in 1847, to Anna Maria, tlaughter of \\'illiam Dillaway. SAWYER, Thomas Jefferson, son of Benjamin and Sally (York) Sawyer, was born in Reading, Windsor county, N. Y., January 9, 1804. His formal educatihn began in the com- mon school of the neighborhood. At the age of eighteen he entered upon the work of teaching, and, at the same time, of fitting himself for college. He entered Middle- bury College, Mickllebury, Xi., in 1825, and was graduated in 1829. He entered the Christian ministry in connection with the Universalist church, receiving his fellowship and ordination iu Seiitember, 1829. His first settlement as pastor, 1830, was in New York City. In 1831 he became editor of the " Christian Messenger," a paper devoted to the pro- motion of the cause of Universalism. In 1845, after fifteen years of prosperous service in the ministry, he accepted the principalship of the Clinton Liberal Insti- tute at Clinton, Oneida county, N. Y. Hero, in addition to his supervision and teaching in the routine work of the school, he taught classes in theology, thereby pre- paring a large number of young men for the ministry of the church to which he was devoted. To him, also, belongs the honor of calling an " educational convention," the fruit of which was the founding of Tufts College, at College Hill, near Boston. In 1850 he received the honorary degree of doctor of sacred theology from Harvard College. In 1852 he returned to New York, re-assuming the work of his old pastorate, and completing a ministry of a quarter of a century in New \'ork City. In 1863 he was made editor-in-chief of " The Christian Ambassador," a paper pub- lished in New York. In 1869 he was elected Packard professor of systematic theologv in the divinity school of Tufts College, which office he still holds. Dr. Sawyer was twice honored by an election to the presidenc)' of Tufts Col- lege ; to the presidency of Canton theo- logical school, which he was active in founding, and of Lombard University, at (ialesburg. 111. All of these offers he de- clined from distrust of his own executive ability. Though past eighty-five, he still preaches and is also a frequent contributor to the religious papers of his church. During his ministry of sixty years, he has been an earnest defender of the faith according to the L^niversalist interpretation, and most of his books and essays have the contro- versial cast, .\lways an advocate of good learning, his influence in the cause of edu- cation has been felt throughout the Uni- versalist- church, in wdiich he has witnessed the rise and progress of all its schools, col- leges and theological seminaries. SAWYER. SCHIMM.EK. 541 Dr. Sawyer may be regarded as the father of the Univcrsahst Historical Soci- ety, of which he has been secretary and librarian for more than fifty years, during which time he has collected about three thousand volumes. Dr. Eddy dedicates the second volume of his " Universalism in America" to Dr. Sawyer, "whose influ- ence," he says, " in shaping the thought of the Univer.salist church far exceeds that of any other living man." SAWYER, Timothy Thompson, son of William and Susannah (Thompson) Sawyer, was born in Charlestown, Middle- sex, now in Suffolk county, January 7, 1817. His ancesters were among the earliest set- tlers in Massachusetts. One of them, James Thompson, came to Charlestown with (iov- ernor Winthrop's company in 1630. On the other side, Thomas Sawyer settled in Lancaster in 1641. His early education was chiefly obtained at the public schools. His business life was commenced in the hardware and ship- chandlery store of his uncle, Thomas M. Thompson, in Merchants' Row, Boston. When he was twenty years of age his uncle died, and for five years he continued the business alone. In 1842 he formed a part- nership witli John W. Frothingham, untler the firm name of Sawyer & Frothingham, who carried on the same business for two years. About this time the firm of Gage, Hittinger & Co. was formed to engage in the wharfage and ice business, of which Mr. Sawyer was a partner. In 1846 the firm name was changed to Gage, Sawyer & Co. The house was extensively engaged in the shipment of ice, and had business connections in the principal southern cities, in several of the West India Islands, in Rio Janeiro, and Calcutta, and was widely and honorably known. Mr. Sawyer retired from active business in 1862. P'or thirty-eight years Mr. Sawyer has been a director in the Bunker Hill National Bank, and a trustee of the Warren Institu- tion for Savings nearly as long. In 1880 lie was made president of the Warren In- stitution for Savings, and in 1884 was elected president of the Bunker Hill Na- tional Bank, which offices he still holds. During his active career he has held many local offices of trust and responsi- bility. In 1840 he was a member of the finance committee, and assessor in 1841 of the town government of Charlestown. In 1843, '44, and '4^ he was a member of the school committee. The town became a city in 1847. In 1848, '53, and '54 he was a member of the common council under the city government — elected president the last year, but declined to serve. He was mayor of Charlestown in 1855, '56, and '57, and chairman of the school com- mittee from 1855 to '64. In 1857 he was a representative in the Legislature, and in 1858 state senator. His first election to the office of mayor was as the citizens' candidate in opposition to the candidate of the Know-Nothing party, and this was the first defeat of that party after its organization in the State of Massachu- setts. When the Charlestown public library was established, in i860, he was elected president of the board of trustees, and continued to hold the office until the city was annexed to Boston, in 1872. He was president of the Mystic water board from 1871 to '76, and of the Boston water board from 1876 to '79, and for the first three years of its existence was a member of the fire commission of Boston. Mr. Sawyer has been treasurer of the Bunker Hill Monument Association since 1879, and for years one of the trustees of Tufts Col- lege. In religious matters Mr. Sawyer has been equally active and prominent, liaving been upon the standing committee of the First Universalist church of Charlestown for nearly half a century, and for ten years its chairman. SCHINDLER, SOLOMON, one of the foremost of Boston's rabbis, was born April 24, 1842, at Neisse in Silesia. In the gymnasium (Latin school) at Neisse, and at Breslau he perfected tlie early mental training which he received at home. His father, a great Hebrew scholar, devoted many hours a day to instructing his son in Hebrew and Talmudical lore. Mr. Schindler, however, discovered at an early age that he could not believe in the letter of the Bible, and therefore he ob- jected to being trained for the Jewish ministry. He left Breslau, and after many struggles he subsequently attended the normal school for teachers at Ober-(ilogau, his intention at that time being to become a pedagogue. The full term at that institution is three years, but he completed it in two years. He passed successful examinations at Breslau, and afterwards "pro schola ct rcctoratu," at Buren in Westphalia, obtain- ing the title of rector. His life had been full of tribulation dur- ing the years of his studies, but this ended when he became a tutor in private families, preparing boys for college. 542 SCHINDLER. SEARS. June 24, 1868, he married Henrietta Sciiutz, a lady of good birth, at Holzhausen in Westphalia. Their children are : Otto, Paul, Carl, and Clara Schindler — two others who were born to them died. About this time he took charge of a Jewish congregation in Westphalia, offici- ating as a rabbi, a position which he filled with his usual success, but his heart and advanced thought were not attuned to the orthodo.x themes of ancient Judaism ; they rebelled under this discord, and when the pressure became too strong he emigrated with his wife and three children, and arrived in New York in July, 1871. On arriving in New York with his family, Mr. Schindler, who was without money or friends, found the darkest hours of his life before him. He made a brave struggle against starvation and death, which at this sad time robbed him of the dearest of his children. He found that fate was sum- moning him back to the pulpit, a sphere he wished to avoid. Yet in the battle for bread he was tempted to respond to a call from a small Jewish congregation in Hoboken, N. J., named Adath Emuno. Out of several candidates, Mr. Schindler was chosen, and in November, 187 1, he again donned his sacerdotal robes, and from that time the star of fortune began to illumine his sky. In 1874 he came to Bos- ton and took charge of the congregation Adath Israel, which then worshiped in a small cliapel on Pleasant Street. Ten years later the little Pleasant Street syna- gogue moved to the imposing temple, cor- ner of Columbus Avenue and Northampton Street. Rabbi Schindler is a gentleman of rare literary attainments ; he is a bold and versatile writer, and is the author of the following works : " Messianic Expectations and Modern Judaism," " Dissolving Views in the History of Judaism," and '' Ein Riieckblick" (the German translation of " Looking Backward," by Bellamy). Many of his lectures were published in the Bos- ton "Herald," "Globe," and "Beacon." He interprets Judaism in the most liberal manner, and endeavors to enlighten both lews and Gentiles in regard to what he claims is the " true mission of modern Judaism." He ranks to-day as one of Boston's most esteemed citizens. In 1888 he was elected by a unanimous vote to the school board for three years, having been put forward as a candidate by all political parties. He is the secretary of the United Hebrew Benevolent Society, and has helped, in this capacity, to bring about changes and improvements which make it one of the best regulated organizations of that kind in the country. SEARS, Stephen, son of Barnabas and Hannah (Crocker) Sears, was born in South Yarmouth, Barnstable county, July 15, 1822. His knowledge from books was gained in a limited attendance at the district school and by home study. His industrial educa- tion was fostered by labor upon the farm, in salt works, etc. His earlier manhood was spent in quite versatile pursuits, including the several oc- cupations of farmer, manufacturer, sailor, mechanic, teacher, agent for publishing houses, etc. He has been called to serve his town in various offices, some of which he now holds ; and the commission of jus- tice of the peace he has held for thirty years. Mr. Sears was married in Clarence, N. Y., to Henrietta A., daughter of Andrew and Laura (Leonard) Hull. C>f this union are two living children : Laura H. (Sears) Hallett and Dr. Stephen H. Sears. Mr. Sears has been identified with all that has been progressive and for the ad- vancement of the material prosperity of his native town, and stands to-day a typi- cal representative of the sturdy, self-made men who contribute by their sterling in- tegrity and force of character to the suc- cess and maintenance of New England's cherished institutions. SEARS, William BaRNAS, son of Barnas and Elizabeth Griggs (Corey) Sears, was born in Hamilton, Madison county, N. Y., June 1 1, 1832. He received his educational training in the private school of Ebenezer Woodward, of Newton Centre, Mass., the German clas- sical school of Dr. Carl Seidhof (three years) and under private tutors, of whom were President Eben Dodge, Madison Uni- versity, President Alvah Hovey, D. D., Newton Theological Institution, and Pro- fessor William Russell, Normal Academy, Derry, N. H. He was engaged for a time as assistant teacher m the Pierce Academy, Middle- liorough, in the departments of German, Latin, and Greek. His earliest associations in business life were with Gardner Colby, Boston, three years ; Harrison Fay and Aaron Corey, Alton III, one year ; Lyman Sears & Co., boots and shoes. New York, three years ; Bowen, McNamee & Co., jobbers of silks SEARS. SEELYE. 543 and dress-goods, New York, three and one- half years, anil with Paton & Co., importers of lace and upholstery, New York. June 6, I1S61, he was commissioned hv Governor \\m. Sprague ist lieutenant, 2d regiment, Rhode Island volunteers, and re- ceived a captain's commission, October 28 of that year. He was mustered out of service, June 17, 1864, at the expiration of his term of service. His honorable con- duct in the war was uniformly attested by his associate and superior officers, and the record has since been emphasized by the many positions of honor and trust to which he has been called by his comrades-in- arms. He was senior vice-commander of I'ost 26, (;. A. R., and an original member of the Post ; was commander of Post 143, Cj. a. R., Brookline, two years, and has been re-elected twice since, but declined to serve. He was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillerv Company ten years ; Roxbury Horse Cuards, ist ^Iassachusetts cavalry militia, eight years ; captain of company C, ist regiment, Massachusetts militia, during the Boston fire ; has been a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion since 187 1 ; served on the staff of General \\'illiam Cogswell, depart- ment commander of Massachusetts, also on the staff of Governor Lucius P'airchild, national department commander-in-chief, G. A. R. He was president of the 2d R. I. Yeteran Association, 1887. Mr. Sears has been a member of the Boston Baptist Social Union since 1868, having been a director two years, and vice- president in 1887 and '88. He is a promi- nent member of the Masonic fraternitv, 32d degree. His business since 1865 has been that of fire insurance agent and broker, with an office at 45 Kilby Street. His residence is Brookline Mr. Sears was married in Roxburv, February i, 1863, to Emily A., daughter of Stephen and Rebecca W. (Langley) Faunce. His second marriage was with Sadie A., daughter of Joshua and Annie (Pearse) Hunt, October 24, 1881, in Provi- dence, R. L His children are : William B. Sears, Jr., Langley B., Harry Bowers, Stephen !•'., and Ktlward H. Sears. Mr. Sears is peculiarly fortunate and honored in his ancestry. Few more con- spicuous or honorable lives have blessed their generation than that which closed with the decease of his father, the Rev. Barnas Sears. He was born in Sandis- field, Berkshire countv, graduated from Brown University and Newton Theologi- cal Institution ; was pastor of the First liajnist church, Hartford, Conn.; professor in Hamilton College, N. Y.; studied three years in Leipsic, (jerman)-, and in Paris ; was professor, and later on president, of the Newton Theological Institution ; secretary of the state board of education, appointed by Governor Briggs to succeed Horace Mann ; was president of Brown Univer- sity, succeeding Dr. Wayland ; was ap- pointed by George Peabody, of London, general agent of the Peabody educational fund for the Southern states, and after twelve years' service died in Saratoga, N. Y., July 6, 1880. The mother of Mr. Sears, Elizabeth Griggs Corey, was the daughter of Deacon Elijah Corey, Corey Hill, Brookline. SEELYE, Julius Hawley, son of Seth and Abigail (Taylor) Seelye, was born in Bethel, Fairfield county. Conn., September 14, 1824. His earl V education was obtained in the or- dinary district schools. He entered Amherst College and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1849 ; studied at Auburn Theo- logical Seminary from 1849 to '52 ; after which he traveled abroad, and for a year (i852-'3) he pursued his theological stud- ies in Halle, Germany. Returning home, he was ordained in Schenectady, N. Y., and called to the pas- torate of the First Reformed Dutch church in that place, where he remained until 1858. His erudite scholarship attracted the attention of his tr/j//a viaicr, and upon his resignation of his pastorate he was called to the chair of mental and moral philosophy in Amherst, where he remained until 1875. His influence for a higher and broader education was not confined, how- ever, to the college grounds. The inhab- itants of the congressional district where he resitled decided that the state and the nation at large should receive the benefit t)f his independent thought and practical work, and irrespective of party affiliations, elected him a member of the 44th Con- gress, and he served as a member of the national House of Representatives from December 6, 1875, to March 3, 1877 ; he declined, however, a second term. While in Congress, though usually voting with the Republicans, he opposed the Electoral Commission and the declaration of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes. He was called to the presidency of Amherst Col- lege in 1877, which office he now holds. He has traveled extensively, and in 1872 resjionded to an invitation from India to 544 SEELVE. SHATTUCK. deliver a course of lectures. He served on the state commission appointed in i. church, in Southampton, and has been chairman of the selectmen and assessors for many years. He was also a member of the House of Representatives in 1879. SHELDON, Wallace C, son of Charles and Sally (Felt) Sheldon, was born at Nelson, Cheshire county, N. H., .April 6, 1832. He attended the conniion district school of Nelson about si.x weeks in the year until twelve years of age. He then attended school at Jaffrey, N. H., and subsequently the high school at Saxton's River, ^'t. 548 SIIEPARD. SHEPARD. In 1853 he became interested in the meat business with Horace Bond, at Ware, and the next year went into the hotel busi- ness with Samuel H. Phelps, and after- w'ard, having bought out Mr. Bond, con- tinued the meat business for fifteen years, when he made a change, and selling out his interests, took up the real estate busi- ness, which he now carries on at Ware. He served as deputy sheriff for nine years, which included the time of the cele- brated Northampton bank robbery, he hav- ing charge of the prisoner, Dunlap, nearly the whole time he was on trial. Mr. Sheldon was married in AVare, 1855, to Lucy A., the daughter of Horace and Nancy (Hatch) Bond, by whom he has two sons and a daughter. SHEPARD, Edward Olcott, the son of Rev. John W. and Eliza (Burns) Shep- ard, was born in Hampton, Rockingham county, N. H., November 25, 1S35. He was fitted for college at the Nashua high school, N. H., entered .\mherst Col- lege, and graduated with the class of i860. He then became principal of the high school at Concord, Mass., and continued in that relation till Jime, 1862, when he enlisted for the war, being commissioned 1st lieutenant of company G, 32d regiment Massachusetts volunteers. He was promoted to captain and major in the same regiment, and breveted lieu- tenant-colonel ; was present at Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, second Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, battles of the Wil- derness, battles before Petersburg, and, in fact, every battle of the 5th corps of the army of the Potomac down to the surrender at Appomattox court-house. He was wounded and taken prisoner at the second battle of Hatcher's Run, while in command of the brigade skirmish line, February 5, 1865; incarcerated in Libby Prison, and re- leased on parole February 22, 1865. Upon being honorably mustered out at the close of the war, General Shepard studied law with Harvey Jewell, William Gaston and Walbridge A. Field, in Boston, and was admitted to the bar April 18, 1867. He became a member of the firm in 187 1. Upon Mr. Gaston's election as governor, the firm became Jewell, Field & Shepard, and upon the appointment of Judge Field to the supreme bench in 1881, Jewell iS: Shepard. Since the decease of Hon. Har- vey Jewell, in December, 1881, Gen. Shep- ard has carried on the practice of law by himself. His firm were the counsel for the Metropolitan Street Railway Company from 1865 to '81, and General Shepard was its general counsel from 1881 until it was merged into the West End Street Railway Company, in 1887, when he be- came counsel of that corporation for the department of claims and accidents, which responsible position he holds at the pres- ent time. EDWARD O, SHEPARD. He was a member of the common coun- cil of Boston, 1872, and president of that body, 1873 and '74. He was appointed judge-advocate general upon the staff of Governor Oliver Ames, with the rank of brigadier-general, in 1887, and now holds that position and military rank. He married, June 18, 1874, Mary C, daughter of the Hon. Micajah and Mary (Johnson) Lunt, of Newburyport, by whom he has four children : Mary Lunt, Edward Olcott, Ralph Lunt, and Allan Richards Shepard. SHEPARD, Harvey Newton, son of William and Eliza Shepard, was born in Boston, July 8, 1850. He received his early education in the Eliot school, graduating in 1863, and en- tered Wesleyan Academy, at Wilbraham, w^here he graduated in 1867. He then entered Harvard College, graduating in the class of 1871, and then the Harvard law school, from which he graduated the following year. SHEPAKIX SHEPARI). 549 Connecting himself with the law firm of Hillard, Hyde i!v: Dickinson, he remained for three years, when in 1875 he opened an office of his own. From 1883 to '87 he was assistant attorney-general of the Commonwealth, and has since that time continued in the practice of his profession. In 1 88 1 he was admitted to practice at the bar of the United States supreme court. Mr. Shepard was married at Everett, on the 23d of November, 1S73, to Fannie May, daughter of Azor and Temperance Woodman. Their children are : (Jrace Florence, Marion, Alice Mabel, and Edith May Shepard. Mr. Shepard was a member of the Re- publican city committee of Boston in 1874 and '75, of the Republican state central committee in 1875, '76 and '77, and presi- dent of the Young Men's Republican state committee in i879-'8o. He has been an earnest member of the Massachusetts Tariff Reform League since its organiza- tion and is now the chairman of its e.xecu- HARVEY N. SHEPARD. tive committee. The tariff issue has taken him out of the Republican party, and to-day he is an active Democrat. He was a member of the Boston city council, 1878, '79, and '80 — its president during the latter year — a trustee of the Boston public library, i878-'79, on its examining committee, 188S and '89, man- ager of the Old South A.ssociation, 1880. and a member of the House of Represen- tatives, 1 88 1 and '82. He was president of the Excelsior Associates, i867-'7i ; president of the Eliot School Associa- tion, i88i-'82, and treasurer since then ; worshipful master of St. John's Lodge, F. &: A. M., 1881-82 ; high priest of St. John's Chapter, i882-'83 ; thrice illustri- ous master of East Boston council, 1887- '88 ; district deputy grand master of the ist Masonic district, 1883, '84, '85 ; com- missioner of trials of the Grand Lodge, 1885, '86, '87, '88, and '89 ; president of the New P2ngland Club in 1886, '87, '88, and '89 ; vice-president of the Boston Loan & Mortgage Company, Kansas City, Mo., i888-'89 ; a director in the Revere Street Railway Company, 1888 ; president of the Arlington Brick & Tile Company of Florida, 1886, '87, '88, '89. He delivered the Fourth of July oration before the city government of Boston in 1884, and the oration before the faculty and graduates of the Wesleyan Academy, 1887. He has always taken an active part in political matters since 1874, and has spoken in most of the political campaigns. He has been orator on Memorial Day in some prominent town or city since 187S. Mr. Shepard thus shows a record of ac- tive and successful service rarely equaled by a young man of his years. He has in his chosen profession conducted and won several celebrated causes, both in private practice and for the Commonwealth, and few stand to-day better equipped for a career of continued success and enlarged usefulness. SHHPARD, John, son of John and Lucy (Hunt) Shepard, was born in Canton, Norfolk county, March 26, 1834. He received his early education in the public schools of Pawtucket, R. L, and at an evening school in Boston. In 1845 he worked for J. W. Snow, Bos- ton, in the drug business, and in 1847 for 1. A. Jones in the dry-goods trade. In 1853, at nineteen years of age, he went into business for himself under the firm name of John Shepard & Co., and in 1861 he bought out Bell, Thing & Co., Tremont Row, doing business until 1865 under the name of Farley & Shepard. Since that time he has been the senior partner of the firm of Shepard, Norwell & Co., dry-goods merchants, on Winter Street in the city of Boston. Mr. Shepard was marrieii in Boston, lanuary i, 1856, to Susan .\., tlaughter of 550 siiEriiEkii. SHERMAN. Perkins H. and Charlotte (White) P.agley. Their two children are : John Shepard, Jr., and Jessie Watson Shepard. Mr. Shepard is a member of the Mer- chants' Association, a director of the Lin- coln Bank, the Lamson Store Service Company, the Connecticut River Paper Company, and vice-president of the Burn- stein Electric Company. Mr. Shepard is an ardent and well- known lover of fast trotting horses, he himself having owned some of the most valuable ec|uine stock in the country. He continues to find in raising anil driving the finest horses, relaxation from the e.xacting demands of the immense business he has brought to such a high standard of honor- able prosperity. He resides in the winter on Beacon Street, in the city of Boston, and has a summer residence called " F^dgewater" at l^hillips Beach, in Svvampscott. SHEPHERD, Joseph Choate, son of Ceorge H. and Mary Ann (Choate) Shep- herd, was born in Gloucester, Es.sex county, .March 24, 1845. JOSEPH C. SHEPHERD. His education was limited to the common schools. He has always been engaged in the meat business since he entered upon his life's career, and for twenty years he has been in business for himself in Glou- cester, ranking among the leading mer- chants of that city. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Patriarchs Militant, Independent Order of Red Men, Knights of Honor, Ancient Order of United Work- men, Royal .'Arcanum, and the Grand .\rmy of the Republic. During the war he served as private in the 8th Massachusetts regiment. In 1878 he was elected to the common council ; was a member of the board of aldermen in 1887, and re-elected in 1888. Mr. Shepherd is in that branch of the distinguished Choate family in which Rufus Choate is found. He was married in Rockport, June 20, 1869, to Martha Sanborn, daughter of Emers. K. Stetson, Woodville, a village of Hopkinton, in the manufacture of shoe- nails and tacks, under the firm name of Stetson & Talbot. In 1866 they moved to Holliston, where Mr. Talbot continued an active member of the firm twenty-one years. In February, 1887, he purchased the interests of his partner, and continued the business as sole owner. In 1882 he became treasurer of the Holliston Mills, which position he still holds. He married in Boston, May 21, 1863, Eliza F.Paul, They have four children : Henry P., Minnie E., James, and John E. Talbot. Mr. Talbot was elected to the board of selectmen, Holliston, in 1886 ; was chair- man of the board of assessors from 1876 to '79 inclusive ; a member of the school board nine years ; was for several years a director in the Holliston National Bank, and Holliston Savings Bank. He was a staff officer in the regular ser- vice of the L^nited States navy during the 592 TAYLOR. TAYLOR. civil war, having entered the service in iS6o as third assistant engineer in the United States steam sloop-of-war " Wyoming, " imder the command of John K. Mitchell. He made a two years' cruise in this vessel, touching at the principal ports on the At- lantic and Pacific coast of South America, the Sandwich Islands, and San Francisco. He was attached to Minister Clay's lega- tion, minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary to Peru for five months dur- ing this time, remaining in the harbor of Callao. At Panama the commander and seven officers resigned to enter the South- ern Confederacy. Mr. Talbot applied to the navy department for active duty at the seat of war ; was ordered home from San Francisco, returning via the Isthmus of Panama. He received two promotions. He served as chief engineer on the United States gunboats " Chocura " and " Iosco," being government superintendent while the engines were being put into these ves- sels at the Charlestown navy-yard, and was appointed chief engineer on their first going into commission. He was on block- ade duty in these vessels in the North At- lantic squadron under rear admirals Lee and Porter until the close of the civil war. He participated in both bombardments and the capture of Fort Fisher. He was appointed first assistant professor of steam engineering at the Naval Academy, An- napolis, Md., in the fall of 18S5, steam en- gineering being first introduced into the curriculum of study at that time. He resigned from the United States navy in 1866 to enter business. His eldest son, Henry, was graduated from the Ma.ssa- chusetts Institute of Technology, chemical course, in 18S5. He remained there as instructor three years, and is now taking a two years' course in Leipzig, Germany. TAYLOR, Charles Henry, son of John I. and Abigail R. (Hapgood) Taylor, was born July 14, 1846, in Charlestown, Middlesex county, and was educated in the public schools of Charlestown. When si.xteen years old he enlisted in the Union army, and served until wounded and sent hoine. When twenty-one he made a successful excursion into the field of politics and was appointed private and military secretary, with the rank of colo nel, by Gov. William Claflin. While hold- ing this office he acquired the intimate knowledge of the internal working of the state government which has been of ines- timable value to him through later years. In journalism he has climbed the ladder from the first round, beginning in the com- posing room and occupying the reporter's desk, the correspondent's position, the etlitorial sanctum, and the controlling manager's chair, in orderly, though rapid succession. When connected with the " Boston Traveller," and later, while Gov- ernor Claflin's private secretary, he was correspondent for the " New York Trib- une " and the " Cincinnati Times." In Somerville, in 1872, he was elected by a unanimous vote of all parties, to the state Legislature, and the following year was chosen clerk of the House, succeeding the famous "Warrington." CHARLES H, TAYLOR. On the 7th of February, 1S66, Colonel Taylor was married in Charlestown, to Georgianna O., daughter of George W. and L. F. Davis. In 1873 Colonel Taylor formed his first connection with the " Boston Daily Globe." At that time the paper was losing money steadily, and seemed a hopeless and help- less journalistic experiment. The fact that under his administration the "tilobe" has attained the largest circulation of any paper in New England, speaks volumes for the pluck, sagacity, and ability of its manager and editor-in-chief. No American jour- nalist ever accomplished a more complete success in so short a time, and very few have been able to achieve even so much. TAYLOR. TAYLOR 593 The "Globe," it should be remembered, was outside the charmed circle of the " Associated Press " combination, and every other newspaper's hand was against it. Discredited by a long and disastrous record of failure, loaded with financial em- barrassments, and harassed by the united hostility of its rivals, it was indeed a very hazardous undertaking to attempt its resuscitation. Colonel Taylor practically created a new " Globe," and what was at first an " e.xperiment " is now a positive and lively reality. It has a sparkle and an individuality that commends itself to many readers not of its own chosen politi- cal faith. While in its columns the Demo- cratic doctrine is in all essentials practi- cally maintained, the " Globe " is often found criticising its party managers and reproving its leaders in a tone that clearly indicates its consciousness of entire inde- pendence. TAYLOR, George Sylvester, son of Sylvester and Sarah (Eaton) Taylor, was born in South Hadley, Hampshire county, March 2, 1822. He received his education- al training in the public schools of South Hadley, Chicopee Falls, and Springfield. His first entrance into business life was with Col. D. M. Bryant, in a country store at Chicopee Falls, at the age of si.\- teen, where he remained two years. Pre- vious to this he had worked in his father's market, and on the home farm. In 1840 he became a partner with S. A. Shackford, under the firm name of Shackford &: Taylor, which relation continued twenty- three years. In 1863 he went into com- pany with B. B. Belcher, under the firm name of Belcher & Taylor, manufacturers of agricultural tools. The next year the business was transferred to the Belcher &: Taylor .\gricultural Tool Company, which has since that time carried on the manu- facture. Mr. Taylor is agent and treas- urer of said company, having held the positions of agent twenty-one years and treasurer twenty-five years. He was married in Chicopee, November 25, 1845, to Asenath B., daughter of Elias H. and Rebecca (Boylston) Cobb. Of this union were seven children. The four surviving children are : EUaS. (Mrs. Lyon), F".dward Sylvester, William Cobb, and .\lbert Eaton Taylor. Mr. Taylor has been repeatedly called by his fellow-citizens to positions of public trust. He was assessor two years, select- man three years, has been a representative to the Legislature, and was one year in the state Senate. He was superintendent of the Congre- gational Sunday-school twenty-five years, and has been a deacon of the Congrega- tional church since 1859. He was presi- dent of the Hampden County Agricultural Society three years, and is at present a member of the state board of agriculture. He is president of the Chicopee Falls Savings Bank, and president and general manager of the Chicopee Falls Building Company. He has held the commission of justice of the peace since he was twenty-two years of age. When the police court of the town was established, he was appointed special jus- tice, and held the office until his election to the Legislature. Mr. Taylor was one of a family of nine children, two sisters and seven brothers, all of whom lived to mature years, and married. His father reached the age of eighty-eight, and his mother, seventy-seven. They celebrated their golden wedding, September 12, 1865, and lived together five years thereafter. TAYLOR, James Brainerd, son of Cyrus W. and Margaret M. (Armstrong) Taylor, was born in Boston, on Fort Hill, August 22, 1845. His ancestor, Abraham Taylor, was one of the first settlers of Concord, 1640, and a later ancestor was one of the leading settlers of Dunstable, about 1690. His mother was of Scotch and English parentage, her paternal grand- father being a preacher in Perth, Scotland. Mr. Taylor entered the primary depart- ment of Chauncy Hall school in the fall of 1855, the late Susan N. Nickerson be- ing his teacher, was fitted for college, and graduated at Harvard in the class of 1867. After a year at the Harvard law school, under Professors Washburn, Parsons, and Holmes, he studied Hebrew in the Newton Baptist Seminary, and theology in .-Xudover Theological Seminary, graduating from the latter institution in 187 1. He declined a call to the chair of rhetoric in Iowa State College, and accepted the chair of oratory in Bowdoin College, offered -by President Chamberlain. He remained there two years, giving occasional instruction also in elocution in the state normal .schools of Maine, and Bangor I'heological Seminary. In 1873 Mr. Taylor returned to ISoston. He was shortly called to his okl school (Chauncy Hall) to teach literature, elocu- tion, Latin, and history. In the summer of 1883 he visited Europe for the second time, and shortly after his return invited the heads of the classical and mathematical departments at Chauncy Hall to form with him the educatitMial firm 594 TAVLOK. TAYLOR. of Taylor, De Meritte & Hagnr. In the fall of 1884 this firm founded the Berkeley school in the new Y. i\I. C. A. fniildinj^, corner of Boylston and Berkeley streets. The school numbered one hundred and fifty pupils the first \'ear, and employed a dozen teachers. It has continued to in- crease in numbers, and is now easily recoo- nized as one of the most prominent private schools in Boston. JAMES B TAYLOR Mr. Taylor is connected with various literary, social, and charitable societies ; was first annual regent of Mystic Side Council, R. A.; is superintendent of the Central church Sunday-school at Newton- ville, where he resides ; president of the " Every Saturday Club," a literary organi- zation of seventeen )'ears' standing, lim- ited to forty members, and including among them several prominent educators ; he is a member of the Congregational clubs of Newton and Boston, and of the famous Schoolmasters' Club of Boston and vicinity. Mr. Taylor was married in Boston, Jan- uary I, 1872, to Julie S., daughter of Rev. William C. Jackson, formerly a missionary in Asiatic Turkey, where Mrs. Taylor was born, and Mary (Sawyer) Jackson. From this union there are three children : Brain- erd, ^^'illiam Harold, and Harriet May Taylor. Mr. Taylor's children enjoy the somewhat unusiial distinction of having their fciur grandparents living, two of them over eight)' years of age. TAYLOR, William, was born of Irish parents in St. John's, Xewfoundland, .\|)ril 15. iSji- He ran away from home at the age of fourteen, and began his sailor's life as a stowaway. During the next fourteen years he sailed in every sea, and rose by pluck, honesty, and self-education from cabin-boy to captain. In 1859 he settled in Boston, and en- gaged in various lines of business with success. In 1870 and '71 he was a member of the city council ; in 1872 and '73 he was in the House of Representatives, serv- ing on several important committees. As one of the minority of the committee on federal relations, he opposed the vote of censure that was i)assed on Charles Sum- WILLIAM TAYLOR. ner. He was the originator of the bill for the better protection of seamen. In 1876 he was again in the common council, and three years later, in 1879, he was elected to the state Senate, where he served with credit on several committees, including fisheries and harbors. He carried through, against strenuous opposition, the bill for manhood suffrage, which was, however, defeated in the House, ahd still awaits TAYLOR. TEMPLE. 595 legislative action. He made the first attack since "Know-nothing" times upon the obstructive laws regarding naturaliza- tion, and was successful in changing some of their most restrictive features. At the close of the session he was appointed on a special committee on contract convict labor, which sat during the recess, and made a lengthy report, which was ac- cepted and published by the ne.xt Legis- lature. .Mr. Taylor was re-elected in 1880, and served as chairman of the committees on fisheries and leave of absence ; he served also on the committee on prisons. He originated and carried through the bill for the regulation of private detectives, and made a lasting and valuable record on prison reform. On the liquor question he was decided and conservative. He was a straightforward, concise, and able debater, and has left his impress on the legislation of the State. In 1883 he was appointed health com- missioner by Mayor Palmer, and re-ap- pointed in 1886 by Mayor O'Brien. Dur- ing these six years his energy and execu- tive ability won recognition from business men and politicians alike, and when he left this office he was offered the position of manager of the docks, warehouses, and elevators for the New York & New Eng- land Railroad Company, a responsible and important post wiiich he now fills to the .satisfaction of all concerned. TAYLOR, William P., son of Luther and .\bigail ( Kendall ) Taylor, was born in Milford, Hillsborough county, N. H., October 17, 1826. His early education was obtained in the public schools. He began business life in Lunenburg, Mass., in 1848, as a black- smith. This he continued until 1859, when he went into trade, in which he re- mained until 1876. In the latter year he began the manufacture of furniture, and also engaged in the drug business. He was first married in Lunenburg, May 29, 185 1, to Mary E., daughter of William and Eliza (Mclntire) Robinson. Of this union were three children : Mary E., Helen E., and William O. Taylor. His second marriage was in Townsend, Janu- ary 25, 1870, with .\nna, daughter of Jonathan P. and Harriet N. (McLitire) Clement. Mr. Taylor has been postmaster twenty- three years, town clerk five years, and assessor and treasurer one year. He was a representative to the Legislature in 1887, .serving on the committee on elections. TEELE, Albert Kendall, son of Ben- jamin and Miriam (Savels) 'I'eele, was born in Charlestown, now .Somerville, Middlesex county, February 10, 1821. His early education was obtained in the public schools of Medford, where he resided until fifteen years of age. In 1836 he en- tered Phillips .\cademy, Andover, where he fitted for college, and entered Yale College in 1838, graduating in 1842. Li 1845 he received the degree of A. M. from his a/ma mater. He pursued the theological course at the Yale Seminary, and was ordained and installed over the Congregational church in Naugatuck, Conn., in 1845. This pastorate continued till 1849, when he preached in the First church in Medvvay for part of a year. He received a call to settle as pastor, but being at the same time called to the First Evangelical church in Milton, he accepted the latter and contin- ued its active pastor for twenty-five years. Since then he has been pastor emeritus. In 1874 he received the degree of D. D. from ISIiddlebury College, Vt. In Stratford, Conn., August 21, 1845, Mr, Teele was married to Cornelia, daugh- ter of Lucius and Harriet (Curtis) Curtis. Their children are : Cornelia Fannie and Flattie Curtis Teele. In 1877 Dr. Teele was appointed on the board of trustees of the Liversidge Institu- tion of Industry — a home for destitute boys. In this position he still continues, finding in the supervision and care of these homeless boys a fitting supplement to his ministerial life. For twenty-five years he was a member of the Milton school com- mittee, much of the time its chairman. He is chairman of the Milton public library trustees, and chairman of the trustees of tlie Milton cemetery. Under authority of the town, as chairman of the committee ap- pointed for that purpose, he wrote a most ex- cellent history of Milton, which was pub- lished in 1887 and received with great favor, not only by the citizen.s, but by all interested in the preparation of local histories through- out the State. He still resides in Milton, beloved and esteemed by his fellow-citi- zens, in full sympathy witli a friendly com- munity, and in the serene enjoyment of the delights of the beautiful town he has loved and served so well. TEMPLE, R. DE.XTER, son of William and Mary (Coggin) Temple, was born in Reading, .Middlesex county, April 8, 1838. The common schor)ls furnished his edu- cational training. After leaving school, at the age of seventeen, he learned the trade of shoemaker, and worked at this business 596 TENNEV. TENNEY. until the year 1879, when he entered the business of real estate agent and general auctioneer. In September, 1SS6, he accepted from the board of health the appointment of undertaker, which is his present occupa- tion. Mr. Temple was married in Winchester, July 31, 1838, to Florence W., daughter of (leorge and Harriet M. (Leathe) Richard- son. Of this union are three children : Ida M., Nellie C, and Annie J. Temijle. He served as collector of taxes for the town of Reading from 1880 to '84 inclu- sive. He was chairman of the board of selectmen of Reading in 1885, '86 and '87, and was re-elected on the iDoard in 1888 and "89. He has been a member of the board of directors of the Reading Co-op- erative Bank from the date of its incorpo- ration. He has always been a Republican in politics ; is a member of the Congrega- tional church, and is ever active in promot- ing the interests of his native town, as well as prominent in every effort calculated to advance the morals of the community. TENNEY, Samuel Parcher, son of Samuel Newell and Sarah (Parcher) Ten- ney, was born in Barre, Worcester county, Deceinber 6, 1838. He is a lineal descend- ant in the eighth generation of Thomas Tenney, who, with his wife Ann, came from Rowley, Yorkshire, England, and set- tled in Rowley, Mass., in 1638. He was the first American ancestor of all in the United States bearing this name. His early educational training was re- ceived in the public schools, finishing with the Eliot school, Boston. He began his commercial career in 1853, with Henry Rice, stock, note, and real estate broker, Boston, with whom he remained until 1855. when he entered the employ of P^dmund Munroe, stock and real estate broker. Oc- tober I, 1856, he accepted a position with Lawrence, Stone & Co., selling agents for several manufacturing companies, includ- ing the New England Worsted Company, afterwards succeeded by the present Sa.xon- ville Mills and Roxbury Carpet Company, with which he is at present connected in the capacity of book-keeper. Mr. Tenney was married in Chelsea, July 23, 1S62, to Hannah Jane, daughter of Edward B. and Hannah J. Stickney, of .\ndover. Of this union are two children : Florence Dean and Gertrude Miller Ten- ney. Mr. Tenney has always been active in civic interests, and has been repeatedly called by his fellow-citizens to positions of honor and trust. He has always enjoyed their confidence, as one upon whom they could safelv relv. He has been a member of the Chelsea common council five years ; alderman, four years ; mayor of Chelsea in 1 88 1 and '82, and ex-officio chairman of the Chelsea school board ; a member of the board of water commissioners from 1882 to '85, and re-elected in 1888 for another term of three years. He has been an efficient member of the working committees of the city in fire, sewage, and other departments. As a public-spirited man, always ready to co-operate in any work for the improve- ment and prosperity of the city, he has 'A'tmMM !■„«« ■ «V', SAMUEL P TENNEY always stood in the front, never allowing himself to be confined by the bounds of any narrow policy. His church affiliations are with the soci- ety of the Central Congregational church, of which he has been clerk, and both chair- man and treasurer of its prudential com- mittee. He is a justice of the peace and notary public, having received his first commission from Governor Washburn. Mr. Tenney is prominent in many of the secret orders. He js a member of Star of Bethlehem Lodge, F. & A. M., Shekinah Chapter, Naphthali Council, and Palestine Commandery ; Crescent Council No. 71, TETLUW. THAVEK 597 R. A.; Bellingham Assembly. R. S. G. F.; trustee of Powhatan Tribe, I. O. R. M.; a member of Bay State Lodge, No. 3, A. O. U. \\'.; trustee of ^[ystic Lodge, No. 51, L O. O. F.; trustee of Samaritan Eneampment, No. 23, L O. O. F., and member of Ridgely Canton ; member of Faith Lodge, 1). of R., No. 28, L O. O. F.; trustee of Alpha Lodge No. I., N. K. O. P.; supreme warden, N. K. ( ). P.; member of Lincohi Council No. 17. Home Circle; Athenian Council No. 247, O. U. F., and has been president of the Chelsea Mutual Benefit Association since its organization. TETLOW, JOHN, son of John and Mary A. Tetlow, was born in Providence, R. L, April I, 1843. He was educated in the public schools of Providence, and fitted for college, graduating from Brown LIniversity as valedictorian in the class of 1864. He then became principal of the Maple Street grammar school in Fall River, where he remained a year. In 1865 he became classical assistant in the Friends' Academy at New Bedford, where he remained three years. After spending the year i868-'69 abroad, studying German and French, on his return he was made principal of the Friends' Academy, a position which he held for ten years. In New Bedford, in 1S70, Mr. Tetlow was married to his first wife, Elizabeth J., Natick, where he has since resided. He was a member of the state Senate from the 4th Middlesex district, 18S1 and '82. In 1872, his first year in the House, he served on the probate and insolvency committee, and in 1881 on the senate com- mittees on public health, prisons, and bills in the third reading ; in 1882 on the com- mittees on public health and judiciary, and was chairman of the joint committee on the litpujr law. Mr. Tirrell is one of the wardens of St. Paul's Episcopal church, Xatick. While a resident of Weymouth, he served four years on the school board of that town. He received a large complimentary vote in the Republican congressional conven- tion, 9th district, in 1884, as its candidate for Congress, and in 1888 was the leadint; competitor for the same position of the Hon. John W. Candler, who was subse- quently nominated. He was elected presi- dential elector from this district the same year. Mr. Tirrell is especially active in tem- perance work, and is a prominent official in temperance societies. He has also been an active worker in the Inilependent Order of Odd Fellows and other societies, anti his services are in active demand in the various lines of work undertaken by them. TITCOMB, Albert Gushing, .son of Francis and Sally D. (Dodd) Titcomb, was born in Newburyport, F^sse.x county, July 16, 1S31. He is a lineal descendant of William Titcomb, who came from Newbury, Englaml, on the ship " Hercules" in 1634, and became an original land-holder. He is a grandson of Hon. Enoch Titcomb, a member of the Constitutional Convention, representative and senator for a long time, and town treasurer for twentv-eight years in succession. Mr. Titcomb obtained the rudiments of a common school education in his native town. He began business life at the age of fourteen, in the dry-goods store of Jo- seph F. Toppan. He then clerked in Bos- ton two years, but being excited by the gold-fever in 1849, he sailed from Newbury- port for San F'rancisco in the brig "Char- lotte," arriving July 23d of that year, and. as was the usual case in those days, with- out money or frienils He remained in California two years, mining and clerking, then sailed for Relejo, Central America, where he engaged in the hotel business, and also in purchasing coffee and shipping it to San Francisco. In 1852 he returned to Newburyport and entered the machine shop of the Barttett Mills, to learn the trade of machinist. He subsequently ob- tained employment in a machine shop in Roxbury for one year, then in the shop of the Old Colony & Fall River Railroad, where he remained until 1855. He was next engaged as a traveling salesman for Robinson, Potter iS; Co., manufacturing <5o4 TCI L.MAN. TULMAN". jewelers, Providence, wliere he remained two years. In 1868 he established the firm of Titcomb & Williams, wholesale dealers in watches, diamonds, and jewelry in San Francisco. This firm carried on business for several years, when Mr. Titcomb as- sumed the proprietorship and carried it on alone for twelve 3'ears, the business in- creasing in volume until the annual sales reached two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Since 1849 Mr. Titcomb has traveled to California forty times, and visited nearly all the states of the Union. He is ncnv retired from active business and resides in Newburyport. He was elected alderman from ward 4 of that city, and on the death of the mayor, Hon. William H. Huse, was unanimously chosen to fill the unexpired term. In De- cember, 1888, he was elected mayor, re- ceiving the largest vote of any mayor who had an opposition candidate, and now holds the office, his administration being csj^e- cially acceptable to his fellow-citizens. TOLMAN, John Broad, son of John and Lucy (Broad) Tolman, was born in Barre, Worcester county, December 30, 1806. He is a lineal descendant of Thomas Tolman, who was born in England, in 1608 or 1609, and came over in the " Mary and John " in 1630, becoming a settler of Dorchester. At an early periiid of his life his parents removed to Needham, it being the native place of his paternal grandfather, who was severely wounded at the battle of Le.\ing- ton, but on his recovery enlisted and served through the revolutionary war, ris- ing from the ranks to a field officer. In the latter town most of Mr. Tolman 's early life was passed, and his education was chiefly obtained at the public schools there. He had manual duties to perform about the farm, even at the tender age of eight years. At the usual age for apprentice- ship he was placed in the office of H. lV W. H. Mann, of 1 )edham, to learn the print- ing business. He served his full time and then went to Boston to follow his trade, obtaining employment as a journeyman in the book ofiice of Isaac R. Butts. In Februar\-, 1S30, he became a resident of Lynn, where he at once engaged as a printer of the " Lynn Record." After several years as manager and editor, he purchased the office, introduced the first cylinder press used in the city, and printed several papers at different times, besides building up a good business of job and commercial printing. By middle life he was enabled to sell out his printing materials and business, and occupy himself with less wearying pursuits. He then engaged in real estate and kin- dred operations, with good success. Mr. Tolman is a strict disciplinarian and an abstainer from both rum and tobacco. In 1881, on the occasion of the celebra- tion of his golden wedding, he made a do- nation to the Lynn Hospital of twenty-five hundred dollars, devoted in part to the benefit of members of the printing frater- nity in Lynn. In 1S84 he conveyed to the Young Men's Christian .Association of Lynn an estate valued at thirty thousand dollars, in trust for the suppression of in- temperance and the use of intoxicating liquors in Lynn. One of the latest of his public donations was the sum of one thou- sand dollars to the Home for Aged Women. He has made extensive tours in the west- ern and southern states and California, and has likewise visited Europe. ^■laiMBiiiiSfifr' JOHN B. TOLMAN. In March, 1831, Mr. Tolman was mar- ried to Lydia S., daughter of Herman and Sarah Ames (Haynes) Mann, by whom he has had two sons and a daughter, of whom the latter onlv is living, being the wife of Charles J. Pic'kford, of Lynn. At the death of his two sons he erected to their memory the first marble monument in Lvnn. Td.Ml'KIXS. TOWER. 60s TOMPKINS William Ripley, son of Rev. William Brownell Toniplcins, was born in Madison, Madison county, N. Y., JMariii ig, 1826. His ijrandfather, ( Gilbert Tompkins, was one of the early settlers of this part of the state, having organized and led a colony from southeastern Massachusetts to a tract of land in the town of Madison, previously located by him. The early education of Mr. Tompkins was derived from the public schools of his native state. His studies in preparation for a collegiate course were pursued at first in an academy at Munnsville, N. Y., and afterwards under a private instructor at Oneida. He entered the sophomore class in the University of the City of New York in 1847. In 1848 he transferred his relation to Williams College, Ma.ss., from which institution he graduateil with honor in the class of 1850. The next three years were spent in teach- ing in Schoharie and at Temple Hill, Geneseo, N. Y. In the autumn of 1853 Mr. Tompkins entered the theological seminary at An- dover, Mass., graduating in 1856. Having been licensed to preach by the Suffolk (South) Association of Boston (Orthodox Congregational), he received an invitation to become pastor of the New England church in Brooklyn, N. Y., which invitation he acceptetl, and was ordained and installed October 15, 1856. This office he retained eight years, the church in the meantime increasing about four-fold. At the end of eight years an obstinate affection of the throat, and health generally impaired, demanding a period of rest, he resigned his charge and remained without a pastorate for two years. In 1866 he took charge as acting pastor of the Congregational church in Wrentham, Mass., which position he has now held for more than twenty-two years. While in Brooklyn, Mr. Tompkins was on tile committee of agencies of the Ameri- can Bible Society, a trustee of the Ameri- can Congregational Union, and a member of the executive committee of the Ameri- can Home Missionary Society. During his long pastorate in Wrentham, Mr. Tompkins has taken a specially active interest in all matters involving the social and industrial prosperity of the town, in addition to his labors for the promotion of religion ; and during that period few public enterprises have been undertaken, or im- provements made in which he has not borne an active part. He was twice elected to represent his district in the state Legislature, — in 1877, when he was chairman, on the part of the House, of the committee on religious socie- ties, and in 1880, when he was chairman of the committee on public charitable institutions. Mr. 'I'ompkins was never married. WILLIAM R. TOMPKINS. An ardent love of natin'e is one of his |3rominent characteristics, and the natural sciences have consequently received a large share of his attention; and from the laws of nature in all her departments it has been his custom and delight to draw parallels and analogies to illustrate and enforce the moral laws he is accustomed to preach. One of the members of the Mendon conference — Rev. Jacob Ide — says of him: "An intimate ministerial association with Rev. W. R. Tompkins for nearly thirty years confirms my estimate of him as a ripe scholar, a profound thinker, and an exceedingly close reasoner." TOWER, William Augustus, son of Oren and Harriet (Oleason) Tower, was born in Petersham, Worcester county, Feb- ruary 26, 1825. Mr. Tower comes of An- glo-Saxon stock, the common ancestor of the Tower family in America having emi- grated from Hingham, England, in 1637, antl settled in Hingham, Mass. 6o6 TOWER. TOWNSEND. He received his early education in tiie public schools. The eldest of four chil- dren, himself and three sisters, he was thrown entirely upon his own resources at the age of fifteen, when he removed to Lancaster and entered the employment of a country merchant doing business in that town. There he served as clerk until 1845, when he was admitted to partnership with his empU)yer. This co-partnership continued until 1848. In 1850 he entered the flour and grain busi- ness, Haymarket Square, Boston, as a mem- ber of the firm of Rice, Tower & Co., the first house in the Boston market to estab- lish direct connection w'ith the West in the sale of cereal products. In 1852 the firm of Tower, Davis & Co. succeeded the par- ent house. Unremitting attention to busi- ness so impaired the health of Mr. Tower that in 1855, the same year in which he had changed his residence to Lexington, he found it necessary to retire from active business for a time, and seek recuperation in rest and travel. During a trip South and West, while stopping in Chicago, he formed the ac- quaintance of Ceorge Watson, a native of Scotland, with whom Mr. Tower organized, in Chicago, the banking house of Watson, Tower & Co., which did an active and prosperous business until i860. During this time Mr. Tower still retained his posi- tion as head of the firm of Tower, Davis & Co., Boston. In i860 he returned to Le.\ington, hav- ing closed his banking business in Chi- cago. He retained his interest as a silent partner in the house succeeding Tower, Davis iV Co., until 1867. In that year he organized the banking house of Tower, Giddings & Co., which still e.xists as a leading representative house, most honor- ably known in business circles. Railroad and banking affairs being so closely connected, naturally attracted Mr. Tower, and in many of them he is equally prominent and efificient. He has been a director of the National Bank of the Com- monwealth since its establishment in 187 1, and was elected president in February, 1881. From 1870 to '73 inclusive he was president of the Concord Railroad in New Hampshire ; and in 1877 and '78 president of tlie Nashua & Lowell Railroad, and is director and trustee of other institutions and corporations. Mr. Tower was an old-time Whig, and since the organization of the Republican party has been identified with it, having entered with zeal and purpose into all the measures of the national government for the preservation of the Union. In 1863 he was a member of the House of Representatives, and a member of Governor Rice's personal staff, with the rank of colonel. In 1882 he was elected to the governor's council from the 3d dis- trict. Mr. Tower was married in Lancaster, April 29, 1S47, to Julia, daughter of Aus- tin and Sally (Wellington) Davis, and grand-daughter of John Davis, a revolu- tionary soldier. Four children were born of this union : Ellen M., Charlotte G., Augustus C, and Richard G. Tower. TOWNSEND, LUTHER TRACY, son of Luther K. and Mary T. (Call) Townsend, was born in Orono, Penobscot county, Maine, September 27, 1838. His early education was received in the public schools of Bristol, Manchester, Franklin, and Lake Village, N. H., and fit- ting for college at the New Hampshire Conference Seminary, Tilton, N. H., he entered Dartmouth, and was graduated therefrom in the class of 1859. He was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. He then studied theology in .\ndover Theological Seminary, and was graduated therefrom in 1862, and ordained to the ministry in 1864. In 1866 the Wesleyan Lhiiversity conferred the degree of A. M., and in 187 1 Dartmouth honored him with that of D. I). During 1862 and '63 he served in the war of the rebellion as adjutant of the i6th regiment of New Hampshire volunteers. Returning from the war with an honorable discharge, he was called to the pastorate of the Methodist church, and served most acceptably in the following appointments : Watertown, 1864 to '66 ; Maiden, 1866 to '67 ; supplied Auburndale, 1867 to '68 ; Bromfield Street, Boston, 1868 to '70 ; Tremont Street, Boston, 1873 to '74, again 1880 to "Si ; County Street, New Bedford, 1882 ; was professor of exegetical theol- ogy, Boston University, 1867 to '69 ; pro- fessor of historical theology 1869 to '72; and has been professor of practical the- ology since 1872. He has also supjilied some of the larger Congregational churches in Boston and vicinity for terms varying from six months to two years. He was appointed delegate to the Ecu- menical i\L E. Confei'ence, London, Eng- land, 1 88 1, and was dean of the Chautau- qua School of Theology, 1882 to '85. He is the author of " True and Pre- tended Christianity," " Credo," " Sword and Clarment," "God-Man," "The Arena niWNSEND. TKACV. 607 and tlie 'riiroiic,' " Lost Forever," " Ele- ments ot TheoloiJy," "Outlines of Chris- tian 'I'lieology," ' Chinese Problem," " Saveil Forever," " liible 'l'heolo,t;v and Modern 'I'liought," "The Supernatural Factor in Religious Revivals," "The Inter- mediate U'orld," "The Fate of Republics," "What Noted Men Think of the Bible," " Art of Speech," " Mosaic Record and Modern Science," " What Noted Men Think of Christ," " Bible in the Nineteenth Centur)-." " Manual on Church Trials," " Faith Work, Christian Science, and other Cures," and " Pulpit Rhetoric." Eleven addresses on various occasions have been published. He is associate editor of " Our Day," one of the proprietors and editors of the " British-American Citizen," a regular and occasional contributor to nine news- papers and periodicals, and one of the prominent workers in the anti-Roman Catholic movement of iSSS-'Sq, Dr. Townsend was married in Water- town, September 27, 1866, to Laura C, daughter of Davitl T. and Sarah F. (White) Huckins. Of this union were three chil- dren : Agnes Rich (born July 10, 1869), Helen Nfaud (born July 15, 1873). and Fannie Fletcher (born June 29, 1880). TOWNSEND, Milton Badger, son of Charles J. and Mary C. (Cochrane) Townsend, was born in Andover, Essex county, August 25, 1838. His education was received in the public schools of his native place. At twelve years of age he entered the mills of Andover, then worked in the shoe fac- tories for a number of years, and subse- quently formed a partnership with William Corse, and engaged in the shoe business at Andover. In process of time he removed to Merrimac, where he remained until 1873, when he settled in Lawrence and started the laundry business, which has since grown to such proportions that it has become one of the ncjted industries of that city. In 1 86 1 he enlisted in the 14th regi- ment, Massachusetts volunteers, which was afterwards made the ist heavy artillery. He was present during the engagements at Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and the Wilderness, and particijxited in most of the battles in which the army of the Potomac was engaged. Mr. Townsend is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; Grecian Lodge, F. & A. M.; Roval (iood Fellows ; B. P. O. E. and U. O. P. F.; past commander E. R. Mudge Post, G. A. R.; president New England Laun- drymen's Association, and past president of the national bodv of this association ; was a member of the Lawrence common council in iiS84: member of the House of Representatives in 1885 and '86, and chairman of the Republican city conmiit- tee in iSS^. MILTON B TOWNSEND. Mr. Townsend was marrieil in Andover, October 14, 1858, to Isabella, daughter of Hugh and Jane (Nichol) Smart. Of this union were nine children : Louis, Edward M., (leorge W., Walter S., Ger- trude, Hugh, Bertha, Clarence, and James A. Townsend (deceased 1S67). TRACY, Cyrus Mason, fourth son of Cyrus and Hannah Mason (Snow) Tracy, was born in Norwich, New London county. Conn., May 7, 1824. Being but a feeble child, his elementary education was all obtained at home, and not until his ninth year dk\ he enter the public schools In October, 1838, he removed from Norwich to Lynn, Mass., where, after a brief stay in school, he worked for a time in a cordage walk, and then entered the factory of Theophilus N. Breed, maker of hardware and shoe-tools, where his father was already employed. Here he remained seven years, and learned the business of machinery and wood and iron finishing. Having had some months' opportunity for practical study in the Essex registry of deeds, he finallv left his factory work in 6o8 TRACY. TRASK. 1S49, and entered the office nf William Bassett, city clerk of Lynn, from whence, retiring in 1855, he engaged in surveying and engineering, and followed this with success for ten years, leaving it in 1865. In i848-'49 he became connected with the Essex Institute of Salem, under whose auspices he taught and lectured somewhat extensively in the department of botany. This led, in 1868, to his being called to the chair of botany and materia medica, Mas- sachusetts College of Pharmacy, which ])o- sition he held six years, retiring in 1873. During this period he also did business as a florist in Lynn, from 1859 to '69. In ^' CYRUS M. TRACY. 1 87 1 he opened a large music school in Lynn, which he continued for four years, and then for a while followed a trade in minerals and curios. In 1869 he likewise accepted the place of leading editor on the " Lynn Transcript," where he continued till In public and official life he has spent much time. From 1856 to '69 he was clerk of the common council of Lynn. From 1853 to '73 he was one of the com- missioners for Pine Grove Cemetery in that city, being secretary of the board fifteen years. The ordinances of the city were twice codified under his supervision ; and he also compiled and edited the memorial book of the city hall, after the erection of that edifice. The free public library of Lynn had its early beginning under his care ; and he was an active par- ticipant in the work of supplying the city of Lynn with pure water. As a prolific writer and ready pulilic speaker, his services have been much in demand. When the city of Lynn com- memorated its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, June 17, 1879, Mr. Tracy was called to deliver the oration for the day ; and he also appeared as poet of the occa- sion at the dedication of the new city hall, November 30, 1S67. .V natural taste has impelled liim always toward the arts and sciences, with a marked leaning to the study of botany. His "Studies of Essex Flora," issued in I'^SS, proved very popular with botanists ; and his contributed writings in the " His- tory of Essex County" and the "History of Worcester County," liave met with gen- eral approval. As a musician, he was the pupil of the late Dr. Louis H. Southard, of Boston, anil his operatic work has several times been put upon the stage with acceptance. His poetical efforts have often appeared with credit. .Mr. Tracy's present activity is mostly official. Originally commissioned by Gov- ernor Gardner in 1855 as a notary public and justice of the peace, he has held both offices ever since, and is now engaged in (■onve) ancing, and in matters relating to probate, pensions, etc. In 1 88 1 Mr. Tracy began his, perhaps, greatest work, and inaugurated the move- ment for the establishment of the " Free Public Forest of Lynn," — a public park for the perpetual use of the people. By this he has become quite generally known, the work promising to be of the highest bene- fit in future time. Mr. Tracy married in Lynn, March 20, 1848, Caroline Mary, daughter of George W. and Caroline (Rhodes) Needham, of that city. Of this union are four children, all living : Laura Caroline (Mrs. George F. Hosmer, Woburn), George Gilbert Low- ell, Julia Mason (Mrs. William J. Nutting, Lynn), and Susan Edith Tracy. The son has become a musician of much eminence. TRASK, William Blake, .son of Wil- liam and Patience (Pierce) Trask, a lineal descendant of Captain William Trask, one of the "old planters" of Salem, was born in Dorchester, Norfolk county, November 25, 1812. TRASK. TRAVIS. 609 He received a common school education in his native town, and served an appren- ticeship there at the cabinet-maicr 21, 1861, as private in the 4th New Ndrk cavalry, and served in the army of the Potomac three years and three months. During his service he rose through the several grades to ist lieutenant and brevet-cap- tain. .\fter the close of the civil war Mr. White returned to South Weymouth, and very soon settled in North llridgewater (now the cit\- of Hrockton), where he engaged in the manufacture of boots ,iiul siloes, and where he still carries on the business, amounting to $650,000 an- niialh'. Mr. White was married in North Bridge- water (now Brockton), May 2, 1866, to .■\daline F., daughter of Charles I., and Betsey B. Hauthaway. Of this union were three children : W'alter Hautha- way, Francis Burrell, and lienrv I'restim Whiti'. Mr. White has served his city as alder- man two years, and is a prominent factor in the Republican party, ever active in its interests, but uniformly declining to take any political prefcrnieiit. He is a member of Fletcher Webster I'ost, (1. .\. R., a director in the Brockton National liank, and a prominent memlier in the different Masonic bodies. He is a large holder of real estate in Brockton, and a successful manufacturer. Mr. \\'iiite is a direct desceiulant from Peregrine White of the " Maytlower" com- pany, and his church connections are with the Congregational branch of the orthodox faith — his family religion from time im- memorial. 650 WHITE. WHITK. WHITE, JaAIES L., son of John I). and Delight (Hutchins) White, was born in Peru, Berkshire county, October 18, 1821. The common district school gave him his early educational training. He first began life for himself by tilling the soil. Successful in this, he extended his busi- ness by taking in the lumber trade. This was in 1855, and farming and lumbering have constituted his business up to the present time. He has always been active in town matters, and alive to the public questions of the hour. He has been town clerk of Windsor for eighteen years ; selectman and assessor many years ; was a member of the Legis- lature in 1855 and '73, and served his country during the war of the rebellion, as orderly-sergeant in company K, 49th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers. Mr. White was first married in Windsor, his present residence, June 8, 1843, to Ruby, daughter of Lyman and Betsey (Snow) Bird. His second marriage was in Dalton, February 22, 1870, with ^[aria T., daughter of Leonard and Elizabeth (Weir) Darby. He has by his first wife, two children : Ward D. and .Mary K. White (now Mrs. Ford), both living in Windsor. WHITE, LUTHER, son of .\ndrew and Philena (Stebbins) \\'hite, was born in ( Iran- bv, Hampshire countv, September 2, 1841. Common schools gave him his early edu- cation. Having prepared for college at Williston Seminary, he entered Brown Uni- versity in 1 86 1, and was graduated in the class of 1864. He then studied law with Judges Wells and Soule, at Springfield, also with the Hon. Charles Robinson at Boston. He was admitted to the bar in 1868, at Cambridge. He practiced law in Spring- field for a time, and in 1870 removed to Chicopee, where he has since resided and continued in the practice of his profes- sion. Mr. White was married in Chicopee, in 1872, to Mary, daughter of Moses C. and Adaline (Wells) Hadlev. They have one child : i\hdiel .-V. White. The close application necessary to the duties of his profession and to the business enterprises in which he is engaged has de- terred Mr. White from entering much into public life, and with the exception of being for a number of years a member of the school board, he has never filled any office in the gift of the people He is interested in various corporations, and is a director of the .\mes Sword Com- pany, and the Overman Wheel Company, and was for seven years treasurer of the .\mes Manufacturing Company. WHITE, Ralph Huntington, son of Joseph and Sophia (Huntington) White, was born in Hinsdale, ISerkshire countv, January 11, 1841. His early education was accomplished at the public schools of his native place. The child was truly father of the man, for at the early age of eight years he began trading on his own account by peddling ajiples on the cars, and keeping a small stock of notions in his father's house. When eighteen years of age he came to Boston and became a salesman in the retail dry-goods store of S. L Wilcox & Co. RALPH H WHITE. When twenty-one, he bought an interest in the firm of Bunker 1.S: Tower, dry-goods, and continued the business under the name of Tower iV- White, selling out in 1863 to enter the firm of \\ilcox. White & Rora- back, which was then formed. Li iS64the name was changed to Wilcox, White & Co., and the ist of January, 1865, the busi- ness was sold out to Shepard, Norwell & Brown. A short time later Mr. White en- tered into partnership with his brother, under the firm name of R. H. White & Co., and Ahirch i, 1865, they opened a whole- sale and retail dry-goods store at Nos. 44 WHITING. wiiri'ixG. 651 and 46 Winter Street. Here the new firm built up a lari^e and constantly increasing business, wliicli in a few years obliged them to enlarge their capacity by adding Nos. 48 and 50 Winter Street to their store, and later, to secure the erection of the magnifi- cent building on Washington Street, which the firm now occupies, arranged with especial reference to its large retail business. The success of the new store was phenom- enal. In 1883 the building was found to be too small, and was enlarged by the erection of an e.xtensive adilition covering an area of sixteen thousand square feet, forming one of the largest and best arranged, and most substantial business edifices in the country. Besides the very large retail business which JSIr. White has built up, his house has for many years been one of the largest importers of dry-goods in the country, and this wholesale business has extended from Eastport, Me., to San Francisco, C"al. The house is one of Boston's best-known insti- tutions, and it rarely falls to the lot of any one man to become so successful a merchant in so short a space of time as has this energetic, shrewd, and enterprising man of affairs in his especial line of busi- ness. On the 25th of December, 1863, in Bos- ton, Mr. White married Ellen M., daughter of Samuel Hall and Eliza M. Tucker. Their four children are : Annie Huntington, Emilv Hall, Edith, and Ralph Herbert White. WHITING, Fred ERWIN, son of George Frederic and Harriet Louisa(Learned)Whit- ing, was born in Brookline, Norfolk county, December 21, 1S57. He is a lineal de- scendant from Nathaniel Whiting, of Ded- ham, who married Hannah White, daugh- ter of John \\'hite, March 4, 1643. They had twelve children, of whom the young- est, Jonatlian, born October 9, 1667, mar- ried Rachel Thorp, December 3, 1689. Jonathan and Rachel had ten children, of whom Ithamar, born April 12, 1741, mar- ried Mary Day, March 28, 1765. Ithamar and Mary had five children, of whom Esek, born February 10, 1769, married Lydia (ioodridge, December 3, 1797. Esek and Lydia had five children, of whom Charles Horace, born May 26, 1800, married Plooma S. Barnard, December 25, 1825. Charles and Plooma had seven children, one of whom was George F., the father of Mr. Whiting. His early educational training was re- ceived in private schools, and the Cam- bridge high school. He was fitted for col- lege matriculation in the latter school, entered Harvard College, and was gradu- ated in the class of 1880. After graduation he was one year with the ]5oston Knob Company, of which his father was president. He then became connected with the business of the "Bos- ton Herald," acting as private secretary to R. M. I'ulsifer, its manager. N\'hile serv- ing in this capacity he w^as called to the oversight of many outside interests in which Mr. Pulsifer was interested, especi- ally when his patron was abroad, and though young in years, was (jften obliged to assume grave responsibilities. The results showed marked executive ability, and in March, 1888, he was admitted as partner of the firm who owned and published the "Her- ald." In May of the same year, when the entire "Herald " property was turned over to the Boston Herald Company, he was one of the firm owners, and was made clerk of the corporation and assistant busi- ness manager, which position he now holds. He is also a director in the company, and one of the three executors of the will of Mr. Pulsifer. In 1879, '80, and '81 he was treasurer of tlie Cambridge ward and city committee. He is director and treasurer of the Hotel & Railroatl News Company ; treasurer of 652 WIIIT-MUKE. WHITNEY. the Hotel Pemberton Company, tiie Boston Electric Time Conipany, and of the Tux- pan Oil Company ; a life-member of the Y. M. C. U., and a member of the order of F. &: A. M. Mr. Whiting is a young man of compre- hen.sive theory and grasp in business methods. To a natural executive ability lias been added an exceptionally varied ex- perience in business with Mr. i'ulsifer, ex- tended over a broad field of activities. Mr. Whiting was married in Cambridge, October 10, 1883, to Amy Estelle, daughter of Thomas T. and Clara Ophelia (Rolfe) Ferguson. .She is a lineal descendant from Captain Rolfe, who married Pocahontas. Of this union are two children : Royal Ooodridge and Philip Krwin Whiting. Mr. Whiting's residence is Auburndale. WHITMORE, WiLLiA.M Henry, son of Charles (). and Lovice (.Ayres) Whitmore, was born in Dorchester, September 6, 1836. He was educated in the Boston schools, passing through the high and Latin schools. In 1859 he began his business relations in the firm of E. F. Jones & Whitmore, which was dissolved in i860. He was a partner in the firm of C. O. Whitmore &: Sons un- til 1865. His business at present is min- ing and smelting, and his residence Pjos- ton. Mr. Whitmore has been a conspicuous member of the Boston common council for eight years, and was president of that body in 1879. Mr. Whitmore was married in Boston, June II, 18S4, to Frances Therese Wallen Maynard, who was the daughter of Edward F. and Frances Maria Russell (Curow) Maynard. ( )f this union is one son : Charles lid ward Whitmore, born Septem- ber 26, 1887. Mr. Whitmore's temperament and train- ing alike forbid him to be a quiet member of any society with which he may be con- nected, and the political history of the I^emocratic party, of which he has so long been a notecl leader, could not be written without due prominence being given to his sagacious, bold, and successful moves in its interest. Nor has he confined his restless activity to the shifting scenes of politics. The more quiet walks of literature have found in him a patient worker and zealous student. Mr. A\'hitmore has achieved more than a local reputation for diligent research and accuracy in historical writing. He has been one of the commissioners of public records of the city of Boston, from 1S75 to the present time. WHITNEY, George, son of Amos and Sophia (Harris) Whitney, was born in Royalston,Worcester county, Sept. 21, 1S17. His education was limited to the com- mon school. In 1839 he engaged in the chair business. In i860 Mr. Whitney became interested in the manufacture of fancy cassimeres. His business at present embraces both the manufacture of woolen goods and chairs. In 1840 he was married in Boston, to Eliza S., daughter of David and Elizabeth Simpson. They have one child : George Ellis Whitney. Mr. Whitney was a member of the executive council under Governors Wash- burn, Gaston, and Rice, from 1872 to '77. WHITNEY, HENRY MaRTYN, was born at \\'inchendon, Worcester county, August 21, 1828. He is the son of Hananiah and Sarah (Beaman) Whitney. He received his early education in the public schools of Lowell, to which place his parents removed when he was two years old. His first connection with business life was in the counting-room of the Massa- chusetts Cotton Mills at Lowell, at fifteen years. He went in to fill a temporary vacancy for two weeks, and remained twenty months, during which he attended evening school. He then entered the drug store of Carle- ton i& Hovey, agreeing to remain with them five years. Not satisfied with the excellent common school education he had received, he took a course in the languages and mathematics bv private instruction. During his apprenticeship he received several excellent offers of partnership, which he refused, feeling in honor bound to stay the term agreed upon. One of these offers remained open to him, and at the expiration of that time (1849), 'h*^ fifi^ of Wilson & Whitney was organized at Lawrence in the location he has ever since occupied. In two years he bought out Mr. Wilson, and for several years carried on the business alone. During his mercantile life he has em- ployed a great many young men, and as he ever maintained and inculcated the same spirit of honor in business that he manifested during his apprenticeship, he has the proud satisfaction of knowing that every living past employee of his is now doing well ; and they are noted as honorable business men in almost every state from Maine to Texas. Several of these he admitted in partnership till they found opportunities of WHITNEY. WHITNEY. 653 bettering themselves, and many others he assisted in starting in business. In 1854 he married Harriet, daughter of George and Clarissa (Morrill) Bagley, of Nashua, N. H. She died in 1876. He subsequently married, in 1879, Mary Wheat- land, daughter of Robert E. and Martha (Wheatland) Bemis, of Salem. He was largely instrumental in securing the adoption of, and carrying into effect, the pharmacy law, and has from its organi- zation been president of the Massachusetts board of registration in pharmacy. He is one of the trustees of the Essex Savings Bank, and for many years has been warden and treasurer of Grace Epis- copal church. He was instrumental in introducing the electric light in Lawrence, and is treasurer of the Edison Electric Light Company of that city, which was the second electric light company organized on that system in the United States. WHITNEY, Henry Melville, son of James Scolly and Laurinda (Collins) Whit- ney, was born in Conway, Franklin county, October 22, 1841. The public schools furnished him with his early educational training, supple- mented by one year at Easthampton Semi- nary. His first entrance upon a business career was as a clerk in the Conway Bank, where he remained three years. He then went to the Bank of iN'Iutual Redemption, Boston ; was afterwards clerk in the navy agent's office for one year (i860), and was then engaged in New York City in the shipping business. h\ 1866 he became Boston agent, antl in 1879 president, of the Metropolitan Steam- ship Company, Boston, which position he still holds. In 1887 he was elected presi- dent of the West End Street Railway Com- pany, the largest street railway in the world, and a corporation controlling all the horse-car lines now running in the city of Boston. He is also president of the Hancock Inspirator Company. Mr. Whitney was married in Brookline, October 3, 1878, in St. Paul's church, to Margaret Foster, daughter of Joseph F. and Ruth (Bowman) Green. Of this union are four children : Ruth Bowman, Elinor (ireen, Laura Collins, and James Scolly Whitney. Mr. \Vhitney has brought to the presi- dency of the West End Street Railway, thorough business experience, financial in- tegrity, and inventive genius. Before him and his associates lies the task of solving the problem of rapid transit in the city of Boston. The movements so far made to- ward bringing order out of chaos have been eminently successful. WHITNEY, LEVI LINCOLN, son of John and Eliza Ann (Watson) Whitney, was born in Princeton, Worcester county, January 20, 1838. He attended the common schools of his native town, and subsequently studied in Worcester Academy. His first connection with business was in Chicago in 1859, as manufacturer of boots and shoes, under the firm name of Thomp- son, Whitney & Co. They were burned out in the great fire of 1871, wlien Mr. ^ ^ LEVI L. WHITNEY. Whitney came to Millbury and associated himself with Crane & Waters, manufac- turers of hosiery, and remained-with them until 1885. He is now one of the firm of Whitney & Molt, manufacturers of indigo blue dye. He is also treasurer of the Stonem'etz Printers' Machinery Company. Mr. Whitney was married in Millbury, September 4, 1862, to Annie Rachel, daugh- ter of Hon. Hosea and Laura .\nn (Hub- bard) Crane. Of this union are three children : Walter Lincoln, Laura (irace, and Maud Eliza Whitney. Mr. Whitney was chosen a director in the Millbury National Bank in 1876, and has since continued in the position ; was 654 WHITNEY. WHITNEY. elected a trustee of the Millbur)- .Savings Bank in 1873 ; chosen its president in 1888, which position he still holds. He was selectman in 1877, '78, and '79, and again in 1881 and '87, serving as chairman of the board the last three years. He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives in 1881, serving upon the committee on banks and banking, and of the Senate in 1889, holding the onerous and responsible position of chairman of the committee on towns, performing good service also upon the committee on labor. He is an active member in the order of F. & A. M., and is a member of the Wor- cester County Commandery, Knights Tem- plar. WHITNEY, Milton Burrall, son of Samuel Hart and Marilla Lovisa (Dickin- son) Whitney, was born in Granville, Hampden county, October 6, 1825. He is of the eighth generation m direct descent from Henry Whitney, who emi- grated from Herefordshire, England, and settled near Huntington, upon the easterly end of Long Island, about 1649. He was educated in the public schools ; fitted for college in the private school of Rev. Timothy Cooley, of Granville, and was graduated from Williams College in the class of 1849, with the honor of clas- sical oration. He engaged in teaching for two years after graduating, then studied law with William G. Bates, a leading lawyer in western Massachusetts ; was admitted to the bar in 1853, and upon admission, formed a partnership with Mr. Bates, which lasted till 1865. He then practiced alone until 1S74, when he associated with himself James R. Dunbar, under the firm name of Whitney & Dunbar, which part- nership continued till 1886, when Mr. Dunbar was appointed associate justice of the superior court. Since that time he has been a member of the law firm of Whitney & Brigham. Mr. Whitney has been repeatedly called to serve his town and state in many posi- tions of honor and trust, and as trustee or director in many local corporations. He has been a trustee in the Westfield Savings Bank continuously since 1857 ; a director of the First National Bank of Westfield since its incorporation in 1865, and its president since 1881 ; prior to 1865, he was a director of the old Westfield Bank ; has been for years the attorney for the town and many of the leading business firms and corporations ; has practiced in all the counties of western Massachusetts ; was a member of the state Senate from the western Hampden district, in 1862 and '63. Although the Senate in 1862 con- tained thirteen lawyers, and he was one of the youngest members, he was made chair- man of the committee on public lands, and chairman of the joint special com- mittee on the important subject of the " Concord and Sudbury rivers." He also served on several other standing and special committees. MILTON B WHITNEY. In 1863 he was a member of the Senate committee on judiciary, and chairman of the joint committee on federal relations, and took an active and leading part in the legislation of that session. He was presidential elector in 1868, and a delegate to the national Republican convention which nominated President Garfield in 1880. He was appointed a member of the state board of education, in 1881, and was re-appointed in 1S89, at the expiration of the term. He has always taken a lively interest in educational mat- ters, and has been found in the ranks of those who have at heart the raising of the standard of good citizenship in the Com- monwealth. Pearly in life Mr. Whitney was a Whig in politics, and has acted with the Repul)- lican party since its formation, but from WHITNEY. Win TON. 655 tlie conservative rast of the man, he has never been an extreme partisan. He had the rugged experience in early life of one who worked on the farm in summer and taught school winters in order to secure the necessary funds to pay for educational advantages. Ever since he has been a member of the state board of education he has been chairman of the visitors of the state nor- mal school at Westfield, and of the board of visitors of institutions for the education of deaf mutes, and of the blind who re- ceive aid from the Commonwealth. But while Mr. Whitney has given much time to uninterrupted and honorable edu- cational work, it is his thirty-six years' legal practice that has earned for him the posi- tion of one of the leading lawyers in west- ern Massachusetts. WHITNEY, Samuel Brenton, son of Samuel and Amelia (Hyde) Whitney, was born in Woodstock, Wind.sor county, Vt., June 4, 1842. His early education was obtained in the public schools. He afterward attended the Vermont Episcopal Institute, Burling- ton ; studied music first with local teach- ers, afterwards with Carl Wels in New York, and later still with Professor John K. Paine, of Harvard University, taking lessons on the organ, pianoforte, compo- sition and instrumentation. Mr. Whitney has been organist and di- rector of music of Christ church, Montpelier, Vt.; St. Peter's, Albany, N. Y.; St. Paul's church, Burlington, Vt.; is at present, and has been for the past eighteen years, organ- ist of the Church of the Advent, Boston, the choir of which church has become quite celebrated under his direction. He has frequently been engaged as conductor of choir festival associations in Massachu- setts and Vermont ; is first vice-president and one of the organ examiners of the American College of Musicians ; has writ- ten church music quite extensively, also piano and miscellaneous music. He has been conductor of many choral societies in and around Boston, and has the reputation of being very successful in training and developing boys' voices. Mr. Whitney was for a time a teacher of the organ in the New England Conserva- tory of Music. He also established in this institution for the first time a church-music class, in which not only were the vocal pupils taught how to properly interpret sacred music, but the organ pupils as well, were instructed as to the management of the organ in church service. Among Mr. Whitney's compositions are a trio for pianoforte and strings, many solos and arrangements for both piano- forte and organ, as well as several church services, Te Deums, and miscellaneous anthems, songs, both sacred and secular. WHITNEY, Wilbur F., son of John and Kliza (Cushing) Whitney, was born in Westminster, Worcester county, Decem- ber 9, 1839. ■ He was educated at the common and high schools of his native town, at the Wesleyan Academy in Wilbraham, and passed the freshman year at Dartmouth College. He began business as a chair manufac- turer, in 1865, with a capital of three hun- dred dollars, and has continued througliout his life in the same business, at the pres- ent time manufacturing four hundred thou- sand chairs a year, at a wholesale value of three hundred and twenty thousand dol- lars. The factory is situated at South Ashburnham, where two hundred hands are employed, and two hundred and fifty prisoners are constantly occupied in the same business. On the 17th of July, 1866, Mr. Whitney married Emeline S., daughter of Dexter and Sarah (Mower) Jewell, of Jaffrey, N. H. Their children are : Oscar J., born January 22, 187 i, Celena M., Luella C, Ethel E., and Edith L. Whitney. Their son, Oscar, died January 2, 1886. Mr. Whitney was elected a member of the House of Representatives in 1875. He is a director in the Ashburnham National Bank, trustee of the Cushing Academy, and member of the committee on educa- tion. In religious associations he has always been an active and earnest Meth- odist. His present residence is at Ashburnham, where he holds an enviable re|)utation as a man who has always been successful in business. Politically he has been a strong adherent of the (Greenback party, and is a vigorous and enthusiastic Prohibitionist. WHITON, STARKES, son of Moses and Ann (Stoddard) Whiton, was born in HiUj^diam, Plvmouth county, April 11, 1829, and is a direct descendant in the seventh generation of James Whiton, who settled in Hingham in 1647. His ancestors have always been referred to by historians as men of excellent character, upright and industrious, enjoying the confidence and respect of their townsmen. He attended the common schools of his native place, then Derby Academy from 656 WHIITIEK WHITTIER. iS;g to '45, when his first connection in business was made by entering the whole- sale dry-goods business as a " boy " for Charles Arnold «& Co , Boston. In 1852 he took the position of clerk in the Boston office of Brown Brothers & Co., New York bankers. In 1870 he became the treasurer and agent of the Boston & Hingham Steamboat Company ; was state senator from the 2d Plymouth district in 1880 and '81, and in 1885 was appointed chairman of the state board of gas com- missioners. He was afterwards appointed a commissioner of savings banks for the Commonwealth, which position he still holds. Mr. Whiton was married in Hingham, December 13, 1870, to Helen, daughter of David and Adeline (Sprague) Thomas. Of this union were three children : Chauncey (iilbert, David Thomas, and Herbert .Starkes Whiton. His church connections are with the P'irst parish, of which he is a working member. He was chairman of tlie board of audi- tors for the town of Hingham while the board existed, 1876 to '82, and at the last annual meeting was again elected to that position. He is clerk, treasurer, and direct- or of the Hingham Water Company, and was treasurer of the Hingham Agricul- tural and Horticultural Society for eight years. Mr. \\'liitou's grandfather served in the war of the rfevolution under Gen. Stark, and named one of his twin sons " Starkes," in mark of the esteem in which he held his commander, the other twin son being the father of the subject of this sketch. WHlTTltR, Charles, son of John Brodhead and Lucy (Graham) Whittier, was born November 26, 1829, in Vienna, Kennebec county, Me. His paternal an- cestor, Thomas Whittier, came to this country from England in 1638, at the age of si.xteen, in the ship " Confidence." Mr. Whittier's early education was drawn from the public schools of Roxbury, principally the Washington grammar school, which he entered when it was dedi- cated in 1841. In 1846, when seventeen years of age, he apprenticed himself for three years to the firm of Chubbuck & Campbell, machin- ists, Roxbury, the lineal successor of which is the Whittier Machine Compan)-. Dur- ing his apprenticeship he attended for two years the drawing school of the Lowell Institute. On the completion of his ap- prenticeship, he remained with the firm as a journeyman, and went throughout New England and elsewhere, erecting steam en- gines and machinery. In 1859 he was made superintendent and admitted as a partner to the firm, then changed to Camp- bell, Whittier & Co. (Mr. Chubbuck retir- ing). Mr. Whittier is now president of the well-known \\'hittier Machine Company, which was incorporated in 1874 as the suc- cessor to this large and important industry. The main works, partly in Roxbury, partly in South Boston, comprise very large and unusually fine plants in the line of foundry and machine work, especially adapted to the manufacture of passenger and freight elevators, the successful development of which is very greatly due to the \\'hittier Machine Company, who have introduced many improvements increasing the safety, speed, and the comfort realized in the use of elevators. CHARLES WHITTIER. Mr. Whittier is one of Boston's most prominent businessmen. He has been for many years an active member of the Mas- sachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa- tion ; is an executive officer of the Rox- bury Charitable Society ; has been for over thirty-five years a member of the First Universalist society of Roxbury, and for many years a member of the board of trustees of Tufts College. WHITTIER wnn riKK. 657 He was married in Roxbury. June 7. 1855, to Eliza Isabel, eldest daujilUcr ot Benjamin F. and Eliza (Everett) C'amp- hell. He has no children. He was elected to the state Senate in 1884, and served one term. WHITTIER, John Greenleaf, the son ol John and Abigail (Hussey) Whit- tier, was born at Haverhill in the valley of the Merrimack, Essex county, December 17, 1807. He has passed nearly his entire life in the same region, first in the town of Haverhill, and then in .\mesbnry, some nine miles distant. He is descended on his father's side from Thomas Whittier, who in the year 163S came from Southampton, England, to New England, in the ship " Confidence," of London, John I )obson, master. The mother of the poet was a descendant of Christopher Hussey of Hampton, N. H., who marrieil a daughter of Rev. Stephen Uachelor, the first minister in the town. .\lr. Whittier received his early educa- tion at the district school at Haverhill, which he attended twelve weeks in the year. His first schoolmaster was Joshua Coffin, afterwards the historian of Newbury. An old friend and schoolmate of Whittier's .says that sometimes, instead of tioingsums on his slate at school, he was writing verses, even when a little lad. On leaving the district school, he attentletl Haverhill .Acad- emy for two terms. It is a well-known matter of record that the reading material that found its way to Farmer Whittier's house consisted of the almanac, the weekly paper, and scarce a score of books and pamphlets — among them " Lindley Murray's Reader." At the age of eighteen some verses of his were sent to the local weekly paper, " The Newburyport Free Press," of which William Lloyd Carrison was the editor. They were published, much to the delight of the author, being the first time anything of his had appeared in print. F^ncourageil by his success, this was followed by other poems which attracted the attention of (larrLson so stronglv that he decided to ride over a distance of fifteen miles, and see his contributor, which he did, telling him that he had power as a writer, and urging him to improve his talents. His first connection in business was as editor of the " American Manufacturer " in Boston. He was subsecjuently editor of the " New England Review " at Hartford, Conn.; the "Essex (Gazette," Haverhill ; the " Pennsylvania Freeman," Philadel- phia ; the " .Middlesex Standard," Lowell, ami the " Xational Era," Washington, 1). C. Mv. Whittier has been a member of the state Legislature, and was chosen as Re- publican presidential elector in i860 and '64. His religious connections are with the Friends. He has held the offices of secretary of the Anti-Slavery Society at its formation in 1833 ; overseer of Harvard College, and trustee of Brown Lhiiversity. His writings are characterized by earn- estness of tone, high moral purpose, and energy of expression. His spirit is that of a sincere and fearless reformer ; and his fervid appeals are the true utterances of a brave and loving heart. He describes JOHN G WHITTIER. natural scenery correctly and beautifully, and a vein of genuine tenderness runs through his nature. He is a true son of New England, and beneath the calm, fraternal hearing of the (,)uaker, muses the imaginative ardor of a devotee, both of nature and humanity. .Mr. Whittier has been too prolific a writer to allow an enumeration of all the poems that have stirred the patriotic heart, touched the chords of sympathy, or awakened a holy purpose. His first volume was " Legends of New England," in prose and verse, published in Hartford, Conn., in I S3 I. This was followed in early years by 6s8 WIGGIN. WILDER occasional pieces, until 1S44, when the first English edition of his poetry, entitled " Ballads and Other Poems," was published in London, with an introduction by Elizur Wright. Subsequent editions followed from time to time, containing fresh and choice bits of song, inspired by a patriotic devotion to the Union cause, or born in the quiet repose of the poet's peaceful home. Possibly the most popular of the many poems which have rendered their author most famous, are : " Home Bal- lads," " Snow-Bound," " The Tent on the Beach," "Among the Hills," '' Ballads of New England," " Miriam," and the " Poems of Nature." The latest edition of his works, supervised by himself, including the poems of his sister, was published in Boston in 1889. WIGGIN, Joseph Furnald, son of Joshua and Dorotli)- (Furnald) Wiggin, was born in Exeter, Rockingham county, N. H., March 30, 1838. After passing the common schools in E.xeter, he spent three years in Phillips JOSEPH F. WIGGIN. Academy, Exeter, N. H., and fitted there for college, expecting to enter Harvard one year in advance. He did not, however, take up a connection with the college, but studied law in the Harvard law school, remaining there one year (1859). He read law in the office of Hon. William W. Stickney of Exeter, N. H., and was ad- mitted to the bar in Rockingham county in 1862. He practiced law in Epping, N. H., one year ; removed to Exeter, and practiced there until 1880. He then removed to Maiden, where he now resides, practicing law in the city of Boston in connection with B. Marvin Fernald of Melrose. Mr. Wiggin was married in Milton, July 6, 1868, to Ruth Hurd, daughter of Thomas and Deborah C. (Allen) Hollis. Of this union were ten children, of whom nine are now living : Ruth H., Joseph, Thomas H., Deborah A., Walter, Margaret E., Harry, John H., and Helen Wiggin. Mr. Wiggin was judge of probate for Rockingham county, N. H., from 187 1 to '76. He was appointed in 1877 one of the commissioners to compile and revise the public statutes of the state of New Hamp- shire. He was three years a member of the Maiden school board ; was elected mayor of Maiden in 1888, was re-elected and is now serving his second term. WILDER, Salem, son of Jones and Arethusa (Manning) Wilder, was born in Sterling, Worcester countv, January 28, 1823. He obtained his early education at the common schools, and from 1843 to '45 was at New Ipswich and Hancock, N. H., fit- ting for college. From 1845 to '47 he at- tended the college at WaterviUe, Me., but did not graduate on account of long con- tinued illness. In 1S65 Mr. Wilder formed a partnership with W. H. Plummer, as general agents, in Boston, for the sale of sewing machines, and later added to the business the general agency for E. Butterick & Co.'s patterns of garments. In 1876 Mr. Wilder bought out his partner, and still continues the busi- ness, rejjresenting the Butterick Publishing Company (limited). At Nashua, N. H., February 18, 1851, Mr, Wilder married Betsey S., daughter of Edward and Betsey (Stanley) Shaw. Their children are: ],izzie S. (born in 1853, de- ceased in 1881), Clara Arethusa (born in 1855, deceased in 1858), and Annie S. Wil- der (born in 1858, now living). In 1869 Mr. Wilder was sent to the state Legislature, where he was instrunvental in carrying through important measures af- fecting the fisheries, and took an important part in the temperance legislation of that year. From vouth Mr. Wilder has been fond of tlie rifle, and has made for himself a Wll.DKR. WILLARl). 659 wide reputation as one of the best shots in tlie country. His partiaHty for the rifle was early developed, he at the ,age of eighteen accomplishing more with the rifle than his companions could with the shot- gun. He has kept pace with the develop- ment of this fire-arm through all its changes from muzzle to breech-loader, adding in- SALEM WILDER, genious devices of his own to his favorite weapon, until now at the various matches in which he has carried off many a prize, he stands among the first of those who ex- cel in this fascinating recreation. In his leisure hours he has also accom- plished much in a literary line, writing sev- eral essays evincing careful research and great thought. These have been well re- ceived by both the press and the general public. His most ambitious work is •' Life ; its Nature, Origin ami I )evelopment." This is an able review and discussion of the much-mooted question respecting the origin of life. The author traverses the entire field of scientific hypothesis, theory, and speculation — ancient and modern — and tests each in turn at its crucial point, show- ing the fallacies of many of them, and their entire lack of facts to support them. His book is one of the very best which the an- tagonism of some modern scientists to a divine revelation has called forth. WILLARD, JOSEPH AUGUSTUS, son of Sidney and Elizabeth Anne (Andrews) WiUard, was born September 29, 1816, in Cambridge, Middlesex county. He was educated atWestford Academy, Cambridgeport Latin school, and fitted for college under the tuition at different times of James Freeman Clarke and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Instead of entering college, however, in 1830 he went to sea for eight years, when he returned and continued his studies under his father, who had resigned a professorship at Harvard College. In 1S46 he entered the office of the clerk of the court of common pleas, to assist in the office, and in 1848 was appointed dep- uty sheriff with his other duties. In 1854 he was admitted to the Suffolk bar, and in 1855 was appointed assistant clerk of the superior court of the county of Suffolk. In 1859 he was appointed assistant clerk of the present superior court. In 1865 he JOSEPH A WILLARD was appointed by the court, clerk of the superior court, to fill a vacancy, and has been elected every term since. This office he still holds, his term e.xpiring in 1892. On the 5th of September, 1841, in Cam- bridge, Mr. WiUard was married to Penel- ope, daughter of Peter and Penelope Cochran. Their children are : Elizabeth Anne, Edward Augustus, Mary Mitchell, 66o WILLIAMS. WILUA.MS. Penelope Frances, Sidney Faneuil, and p:dith Gertrude Willard. ' Mrs. Willard's great grandmother was Mary Faneuil, the sister of Peter Faneuil. Mr. Willard is a prominent Mason and a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. He is descended from a worthy line of ancestors, who have been prominent in the history of the State for generations. Among them, Joseph and Samuel Willard were each president of Harvard University, in which, also, his father, Sidney Willard, was librarian and l^rofessor of Oriental languages and Latin. On his mother's side, his grandmother twice removed was Anne Dudley, more famil- iarly known as Anne Bradstreet, the wife of Governor Simon Bradstreet. WILLIAMS, Franklin Hubbard, the son of Oliver and Marian Williams, was born in Sunderland, Franklin county, Feb- ruary 2, 1834. He received his early education at the district school of his native town, after FRANKLIN H, WILLIAMS which he attended three terms at the Wil- liston Seminary, Easthampton, leaving there in November, 1854. After traveling two winters in the South, he commenced farming with his father at Sunderland, in the spring of 1S56. At the age of twentv-three Mr. Williams took charge of his fatlier's farm, and upon his decease came into the possession of the property. He has always taken an active interest in all agricultural subjects, and is one of the most enterprising and progressive farmers of the district. He has been a member of the school board and has held other town offices. Mr. Williams was married in Sunderland, February 13, 1867, to Jane S. Sanderson, by whom he has four children : Frank O., Arthur Sanderson, Milton Hubbard, ancl Jennie Maud Williams. WILLIAMS, John J., soston. His practice has been in the courts of the State, but chiefly in the cir- cuit courts of the L'nited States, and the supreme court at Washington. NL-. AN'ooilbury declinetl the mission to Bolivia in 1853. He was elected as a rep- resentative from Portsmouth to the New ILimpshire Legislature in 1857. He was appointed United States district attorney for Massachusetts in 1857 ; and elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts in 1870 and '7 1. He is a member of the New England Historic (Jenealogical Society, and an hon- orary member of the historical societies of ^huIlc and New Hampshire. Li the Masonic organizations he has held high offices in the York and Scottish Rites, antl is now an active member of the supreme council of the latter body, and its second officer. He is a member of the board of trustees for the Crand Lodge of Massa- chusetts, and also of the board for the supreme council. CHARLES LEVI WOODBURY. Though unwilling to let a political usurp the place of a professional life, yet he has been a frequent speaker in many States during presidential campaigns, and has often held prominent positions in the Democratic organizations, but has not as- pired to political offices. Mr. Woodbury was one of the compilers of " \\'oodbury & Minot's Reports," three 6/0 WOODS. WOODS. voliinies ; editor of the second and third voiumes of " Levi \\'oodbury's Writings," Nahum Capen having edited the first volume of the work. Mr. Woodbury has also contributed various papers on histori- cal, antiquarian, political, and Masonic sub- jects, and delivered numerous orations on these topics. He has also published several pamphlets on diplomatic relations with (Ireat Britain, notably those concern- ing the fisheries. Mr. Woodbury has long been a conspic- uous and familiar figure in the city of Bo.s- ton, his present residence. WOODS, Edwin Hutton, son of John and Abby Ann (Fessenden) Woods, was born in Boston, October 6, 1843. His early education was received in the public schools of Boston, supplemented by a course at Comer's Commercial College. He began business life as a clerk, in the hardware business, with Allen & Noble, ISoston, when he was but fourteen years of age. He remained until 1862, when he was made sergeant of company B, 40th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers. On September nth of that year, while march- ing to Miner's Hill, Virginia, he received a sun-stroke, causing a partial paralysis of the lower limbs, on account of which disability he was discharged from the army in the spring of 1863. On September 24th of that year he entered the employ of the " Boston Herald," under Edwin C. Bailey, as a book-keeper in the circulation depart- ment, where he at once devoted his ener- gies to the interests of the paper. The results showed that he had made no mis- take in his choice of vocation. It had been the custom of the " Herald " to sell its Sunday edition to three large wholesale houses in Boston, who in turn wholesaled them to the dealers. Mr. "Woods con- ceived the idea of selling directly to the dealers, and incidentally suggested to the proprietors of the " Herald " that they increase his salary, and allow him to sell the papers direct. This was done, and he followed this method for about three years, to the satisfaction of the publishers. Later on it was suggested, that instead of receiving cash over the counters, as had always been done in years past, a form of ticket be issued and sold to the dealers, these tickets representing so many papers. Mr. Woods was the first man in the news- paper business who adopted this method. A few years later he inaugurated the sys- tem of running special Sunday trains throughout New England to distribute the "Sunday Herald." This has proved a great success and accommodation to the patrons of that paper. Mr. Woods has had the entire management of the circula- tion of the " Boston Herald," and it is because of his quick, inventive genius and knowledge of the business that the " Herald " has succeeded in obtaining its immense area of distribution. It is due to him to say that his methods of distri- bution were original with him, though now quite generally adopted by metropolitan dailies. On March i, 1888, Mr. Woods was ad- mitted as partner in the firm of R. M. Pulsifer & Co., and on May 1st of the same year, when the firm was changed to a corporation, under the title of the " Bos- ton Herald Company," -Mi'. Woods was if EDWIN H WOODS, elected vice-president and business man- ager. In October of the same year he was elected president, and is now its presi- dent and business manager. Mr. Woods was a member of the Boston common council, from ward 8, in 1873, '74, and '75 ; was charter member of Post 7, Cr. A. R., and has held all the offices in succession, to that of commander ; was lieutenant of company E, 7th regiment, Massachusetts volunteer militia, three years. He is also a member of Joseph WOODS. WOODS. 6/1 AVarren Lodge, F. X: A. M., and in 1889 was appointed on the staff of (lovernor Ames, as assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of colonel. Mr. Woods was married m Boston, August 20, 1868, to Mary Frances, daugh- ter of Pardon and Mary (Parkinson) Smith. Of this union are two children : Walter Button and Fred Lester Woods WOODS, Solomon Adams, son of Colonel Nathaniel and Hannah (.\danis) Woods, was born in Farmington, Franklin county, Me., October 7, 1827. He is a descendant of Samuel Woods, an original landed proprietor of Groton, Mass , where the family dwelt till Mr. Woods's grand- father became a pioneer at Farmington. On his mother's side he is a descendant in the sixth generation from Captain Sam- uel Adams, magistrate and representative at Chelmsford, in its first half-century, a younger brother of Joseph, the ancestor of the presidential line. Mr. Woods's early advantages were those of a boy in the country where his father was a leading man in his town, on a good farm, within reach of a district school The education here received was supple- mented at the Farmington Academy, four miles distant, where the young man could just catch a glimpse of profounder study. All this was over before he was twenty years of age. In the spring of 1S47 he engaged with a local carpenter to learn the use of tools and the art of house-building. In 1851 he came to Massachusetts with the view of purchasing a steam-engine and boiler, together with machinery for the manufac- ture of doors, sashes, and blinds, and erect- ing a mill in his native town, contemplat- ingforming a co-partnership with his former employer. This trip resulted, however, in an abandonment of the factory enterprise, and his engagement in the same business, as journeyman with Solomon S. Gra)' in Boston. Within the first year Mr. Woods purchased the plant, went into the business on his own account January i, 1852, and so continued for thirteen years. In 1S54 the firm of Gray &: AVoods was formed for the manufacture and sale of a wood-planing machine, originally designed by Mr. Gray, but greatly improved and rendered more practical by Mr. Woods's inventions. This co-partnership lasted five years, during which valuable improvements were patented. In 1865 Mr. Woods added to his business the manufacture of the Woodworth Planer, with the Woodbury patented improvements, of which he was the sole licensee. To tneet the demands of this extensive business, he commenced the erection of manufacturing works at South Boston, and established branch houses at New York and Chicago. In 1873 a corporation was formed with a paid-up capital of three hundred thousand dollars, — the S. A. Woods Machine Co., of which Mr. Woods became president, which position he still holds. To the successive firms of Gray cV- A\'oods, S .\. Woods, and the S. A. Woods Machine SOLOMON A WOODS Company, have been issued more than fifty patents for devices and improvements in machines for planing wood, and making mouldings. They have received nearly one hundred gold, silver, and bronze medals from the Massachusetts Charitable Me- chanic Association, and numerous other similar institutions. Mr. Woods was the organizer and leader in the successful defense of the manufact- urers of wood-working machinery in the celebrated suit brought in 1875, by the W^oodbury Patent Planing Machine Com- pany, vs. the users of planing and mould- ing machines, the expense of the litigation on both sides aggregating nearly one hundred thousand dollars. In 1869, '70, and '71, Mr. Woods was a member of the citv council of Boston ; in 672 WOODWARD. WOODWORTH. 1S70 and '71, a director for the city of the East Boston ferries; since 1870, a trustee of the South Boston Savings Bank, and for many years a member of its board of investment, a position he still holds. In 1878 he declined to accept a nomination tendered him by both the Republicans and Citizens, to represent his ward in the Bos- ton board of aldermen. Mr. Woods was married in Boston, Aug- ust 21, 1854, to Sarah Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin F. and Lurana (Morrill) Weathern, of Vienna, Me., who died in 1862. He was again married in October, 1867, to Sarah Catharine, daughter of Charles S. and Sarah (Fishburn) Watts, of Boston. He has three children : Frank Forrest, Florence, and Frederick Adams Woods, and resides in Boston. WOODWARD, Charles F., son of James F. and Arvilla (Whitney) Wood- ward, was born in Wakefield, .Middlesex county, November 19, 1S52. His education was drawn from the pub- lic schools of ^^'akefield, and commercial colleges in Boston. His first connection in business was in 1872, with the firm of James F. Woodward & Son, tool and ma- chinery manufacturers, and this business still engages his attention. Mr. Woodward was married September 4, 1878, to Susan D., the daughter of Alex- ander and Dorothy (Thompson) Turnbull. Of this union were two children ; Charles A. and Susie A. Woodward. He was assessor in Wakefield seven years, 18S3 to '89, inclusive ; and also tax collect- or the same years. He was a representa- tive to the (ieneral Court from \\'akefield, in 1887, '88, and '89 ; 2d and ist lieutenant and captain of company A, 6th regiment Massachusetts volunteer militia ; elected major, February, 1882, and holds the same office at the present time. He is president of the Wakefield board of trade. WOODWORTH, DWIGHT SIDNEY, son of Sidney and Gratia L. (Reed) Wood- worth, was born in Greenfield, Franklin county, September 3, 185 1. He was educated in the public schools of Fremont, Ohio, where his parents moved when he was quite young. His father dying, and there not being suf- ficient to maintain all in the family, he hired out to a grocer, working noons and evenings for his board and clothes, and the privilege of attending school. He remained in the West until 1870, being engaged successively in the grocery, cloth- ing, and dry-goods trade. He then re- moved to Boston and entered the employ of C. F. Hovey & Company. Here also he began the study of medicine, and re- moving to Fitchburg in 1873, continued his studies with Dr. H. H. Brigham. He was graduated from the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons in New York City, in the class of 1876, and returning to Fitch- burg, at once entered upon the practice of his profession. Dr. Woodworth was married in Fitch- burg, September 25, 1875, to Emma L., an adopted daughter (jf Hubbard H. Brig- ham, M. D. They have two children : Laura A. and Ethel .\. Woodworth. DWIGHT b. WOODWORTH. He has always been actively identified with many of the social and benevolent orders of the city. He is past grand of Mt. Roulstone Lodge, L O. O. F.; is past chief patriarch. King David Encampment, L O. O. F. ; past master of C. W. Moore Lodge, F. & A. M ; past eminent com- mander of Jerusalem Commandery, Knights 'I'emplar ; a 32d degree Mason in the Massachusetts Consistory ; past grand chancellor of Massachusetts, K. of P.; surgeon-general, division east, Patriarchs Militant, L O. O. F., and a member of numerous other local organizations. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical WORCESTER. WORTH IXGTON. 6/3 Society, medical director of the Massachu- setts Mutual Aid Society, and medical examiner of numerous secret societies. He is surgeon of the board of examiners for pensions. He served as city physician for Fitchburg in 1879, '^°> '^'' '^4> '^5' ^"'^l '86 ; has been a member of the school board, and is now president of the common council, the school committee and the board of overseers of the poor of Fitchburg. Dr. Woodworth's father died when he was but fourteen years of age, which made it necessary for him to gain not only his own livelihood, but to lend a helping hand to the other members of the family. His has been an eminently successful career, characterized by hard work and energetic struggle, and he is now reaping a well- earned reward for his intelligent and con- scientious labor. WORCESTER, William E. C, son of James and Prudence (Blood) \\'orcester, was born February 24, 1826, in Damaris- cotta, Lincoln countv, Maine, where his family, who were residents of Charlestown, Mass., were at the time temporarily stop- ping. The)" soon returned to Charlestown, where Mr. Worcester lived until twenty- one years of age. His education was ol)- tained in the public schools of that town and in the academy at Reading. In 1849 he took up his residence in Hud- son (then Feltonville), where he has since lived, with the exception of a few years in Marlborough. As early as 1846 he chose the vocation of sign and fancy painting. He carried on the same business in Hudson until 1854, when he took the superintend- ence of the factory of F. Brigham & Co , until 1 86 1, when he took charge of Boyd & Corey's shoe factory in Marlborough. Early in the war of the rebellion he en- listed in company I, 5th regiment, Massa- chusetts volunteers, and was elected cap- tain and promoted to major before leaving the State. In 1864 he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the same regiment. He did service in North Carolina with the nine months' men, and again at Baltimore with the three months' troops. When he returned to Hudson he resumed his business of painting. He has been an active worker in the Republican ranks for many years. He was appointed postmaster of Hudson, October 14, 1884, by President Arthur, and still holds the office, being re- appointed by President Cleveland, Decem- ber 18, 1888. Mr. Worcester was married in Charles- town, June 17, 1847, to Harriette L. S., daughter of Gershom Teel, of Charlestown. Of this union were four children, of whom Edward Franklin Worcester is the only liv- ing child. WORTHINGTON, ERASTUS, the son of Erastus and Sally Ellis Worthington, and the youngest of a family of three .sons, was born in Dedham, Norfolk county, No- vember 25, 1828. His father was a native of Belchertown, and a graduate of Williams College in the class of 1804. He practiced law in Dedham for many years, and in 1825, having been active in the formation of the Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Company, he became its first secretary, which office he held until 1840. He was a member of the General Court in 1814 and '15. He was the author of " An Essay on the Estab- lishment of a Chancery Jurisdiction in Massachusetts," published in 1810, and of the "History of Dedham," published in 1827. He died June 27, 1842. Mr. Worthington received his early edu- cation in the public schools of Dedham, and was prepared for college at an acad- emy in Attleliorough. He entered Brown University in i S46, where he was graduated in the class of 1850. Soon after his graduation he went to Milwaukee, Wis., and entered the office of his brother, P^llis Worthington, who was there established in practice as a lawyer. Mr. Worthington remained here for nearly one year, and returned in the autumn of 185 1 to enter the Harvard law school at Cambridge. After remaining one term at the law school, he was employed during the winter of i85i-'52 as an assistant teacher of the Dedham high school, and at the same time pursued his legal studies in the office of Ezra Wilkinson, in Dedham. In September, 1852, he again returned to the Harvard law school, where he remained during the next two terms, and received the degree of LL. B. in 1853. He was ad- mitted to the bar in Dedham at the Feb- ruary term of the supreme judicial court in 1854 Mr. Worthington began his professional practice in Boston, and after a few months formed a co-partnership with the Hon. David A. Simmons, of Roxbury. In 1856 he was offered the position of register of the court of insolvency, then first established, and he was elected to this office by the people of the county in that year. In 1857, this court having been consolidated with the probate court, the office of regis- ter of insolvency was abolished, and Mr. Worthington then opened a law office in Dedham. He was commissioned by Gov- ernor Banks as a trial justice in 1858, which 674 \VORTllI.\GT(.)N. WOKTUI.NCrON. (iltice lio held ci,<;lit years. He continued the practice of law in Dediuun luitil i8()6, wiien lie was nominateil antl elected the clerk of courts for Norfolk county, and entered upon the duties of that office, which he still holds, in January, 1867. Besides attending to duties strictly per- taining to his office, Mr. Wortiiington has been frequently selected by members of the bar, and appointed by the court, as auditor and master to hear cases pend- ing in the courts. He also has been the public administrator of the coinUv since 1882. Mr. Worthington was a member of the school conunittee of Dedham for eight years, and has taken an active part in town affairs. He was selected to deliver the address at the dedication of memorial hall, Dedham, September ig, i868, and he also ilelivered the historical address at the cele- bration of the two hundred and liftieth anniversary of the incorporation of Ded- ham, September 21, 1886, both of which addresses were ordered to be printed, lie also wrote a short historv of Deilham, ptd)- lished in the " History of Norfolk County " in 1SS4. Mr. Worthington is much interestetl in historical and anticjuarian researches, es- pecially such as refer to the local history of Detlham. He was one of the original corporators of the Dedham Historical Society, of which he has always been an active member, and for many years has been curator, and is now its vice-president. In politics Mr. Worthington has been a Republican since the formation of that party. He is now a warden of St. Taul's (Episcopal) church, Dedham. ^Ir. Worthington married, November 25, 1861, Klizabeth Foster, daughter of the late Robert Hriggs, of Boston. He has a family consisting of one daughter and live sous: Caroline Morton, Erastus, Jr.. Rob- ert Hriggs, Alvan Fisher, Arthur .Morton, and John Winthrop Worthington. WORTHINGTON, ROLAND, son ,,f Jonathan and I'"anny Worthington, was born in Agawam, Hampden rountv. Sep- tember 22. 1817. He received his earlv education at the district schools, aiul after the manner of the farmer's son of the ])eriod, began the real labors of life at the early age of twelve. From that time till he was twenty he supportetl himself, gathering an edu- cation as he could bv the wav. In 1837 he removed to Boston and found employ- ment in the office of the " Daily .Adver- tiser." in iS4_^ impaired health obliged him to go abroad, and upon his return he sjient a winter at the South, returning to Boston in 1S45 to take charge of the " Dailv Evening Traveller." The lirst number appeared April 1, 1845, and the history of the "Daily I'raveller " and Mr. Worthington have since been inseparable. Not only the " Traveller," but the entire newspaper life of Bostt)n, owes much to the courage, foresight, and energy of Mr. Worthington. When he introduced the innovation of newsboys crying the paper upon the streets, it was frowned upon by everyone, but he persisted until it be- came a feature of newspaper life, and the ilay of sales "by subscription only" disappeared. .\t this time was inaugur- ated also another feature common enough now. but a radical change from the older conservative custom — the use of bulletin boarils for the displav of the news of the day. Mr. Worthington was one of the tirst F"ree Soilers of Massachusetts, and upon the establishment of the Republican party he at once entered its ranks, and has made his paper a fearless and able supporter of its creed. Ml'. Marble, the distinguished editor of the •• New N'ork World," Mr. Bowles, well known as the founder of the " Springtield Republican," and m.inv other prominent writers have passed through the editorial rooms of the " Traveller " on their way to distinction, while .Mr. Worthington has gained for himself and his paper an en- viable reputation for political foresight and accuracy. In i860 his was the lirst paper to sug- gest as successor to Governor Banks the man who became the great " war gover- nor " of the Conmionwealth. In 1879 he brought forward the name of Hon. John I). Long as a standard-bearer against the formidable caiulidacy of Ceneral Butler. In 1883 he emphatically urged the nomina- tion of Ceorge D. Robinson for a like ser- vice. Mr. \\'orthington's prediction against the fears of many of his cotemporaries of the jiress of the conservative, capable and patriotic administration by President Ar- thur were abundantlv realized. In April, 1882. President Arthur appointed Mr. Worthington collector of the port of Bos- ton, and while the appointment was op- posed by Senator Hoar and others on ])o- litical grounds, it is generally conceded that Mr. \\'ortliington proved a most efti- cient officer, and amply justified the selec- tion made bv the chief executive. W KK.II I. WKKill r. 675 WRIGHT, ANDREW J., son of Josiah and Sarali (Sliernian) \\'right, was born in Knfield, Hartford counly, Conn., June 8, 1S42. At ei.!j;ht years of age he went to Springfield and received his early educa- tional training in the public schools of that city, graduating from the high school in 1.S60. He ininiediately took a clerkship in the Springfield post-office, where he remained until August 15, iiS62, when he enlisted in company A, 46th regiment, Massachusetts volunteers ; was mustered into service Sep- tember 25, 1862, and honorably discharged after one year's service. In 1865 he was captain in the Massachusetts volunteer militia. Early in 1864 he entered the office of the Springfield Fire & Marine Insurance ('om])any, as book keeper, and Ajiril 9, 1S72, was elected treasurer of the company. This office he has since held, and in adtli- tion to the duties of this position he takes an active part in the management of the company's fire busine.ss. Mr. \Vright was married in South Man- chester, Conn., May 22, 1867, to Mary J., daughter of C.'harles and Mary Ingalls (Clough) t'ase. Of this union are five children : Kred Case, Grace Sherman, Harry .Andrew, Royal Josiah, and Josephine Mary- Wright. Mr. Wright has been a member of the Kepublican city committee ; was a member of the Springfield common council in 1876 and '77 — the latter year its president ; was nominated for alderman in 1879, but de- clined, and has since repeatedly not only ileclined that office, but also, in 1888, the nomination for mayor f the city. He was [jresident of the Republican club — over seven hundred members — during the last presidential campaign. In politics he is an enthusiastic and consistent Re])ub- lican. In 1877 he was one of the managers of the city hospital. He is a director in the Agawam National Bank, Springfield, and of the Franklin County National l?ank, (Jreenfield ; a trustee and member of the finance committee of Hampden Savings Hank ; a tlirector in the Sjiringfield Printing iS: Binding Company, and member of K. K. WiU().\ Post 16, ('.. A. R. WRIGHT, Carroll Davidson, son of Nathan R. and Eliza C. Wright, was born in Dunbarton, Merrimack county, N. H., July 25, 1840. The common schools of Washington, N. H , and Reading, Mass., were his first sources of education. He subsei|ueiitly attended the academies at Washington, Al- steatl, and Swanzey, N. H., and Chester Academy, Vt. After the preparatory stage that has fitted so many New England young men for a career of future useful- ness, as teacher, both in New Hampshire and \'ermont, he studied law, and was ad- mitted to the Cheshire county bar at Keene, N. H., in 1865, but did not begin practice till August, 1867, owing to ill iiealth — the interim being occupied by an unsuccessful venture in the furniture l)usiness in Lynn, Mass. From August, 18O7, until the spring of 1876, Col. VVright was actively engaged in law practice in Boston, his specially being patent law. From June, 1873, till Septem- ber, 1888, he had charge of the Massachu- setts bureau of statistics of labor ; and since January, 1885, has been at the head of the United States bureau of labor, now the department of labor. He was elected to the state Senate in 1872 and '73, and was a jiresidential elec- tor in 1876. He was supervisor for Mas- sachusetts of the United States census for 1880, and special agent for the United States census for the factory system in 1880 and 'Si. At twenty-two years of age he enlisted as a private in the 14th New Hampshire volunteers, in September, 18C2 ; was com- missioned 2d lieutenant in October of the same year, and was made adjutant in De- cember, 1863. December, 1864, he received his commi.ssion as colonel, and left the ser- vice by resignation in March, 1865, being compelled to this step by a protracted ill- ness. Colonel Wright's life has been a very busy one. He took the census of the State of Massachusetts in the years 1875, '80, and '85 ; was lecturer before the Lowell Institute, Boston, in 1879; and was elected university lecturer for llai- vard, on the factory system, in 1881. He is widely known as a iectiu'er on military, social, and scientific topics. In 1881 he made an extensive tour of study of the factory systems of Europe and America, and embodied the result in a " Report on the Factory System" to the United States Government. In 1883, Tufts Col- lege conferred upf)n him the honorary degree of A. M. He has compiled and published thirty volumes of statistical works, besides many pamphlets in the same line. He is president of the American Social Science Association ; a fellow, and was for many years secretary, of the American 676 WRIGHT. WRIUHT. Statistical Association ; a member of the International Institute of Statistics ; of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, of the American Economic Asso- ciation, and the American Historical Asso- ciation. He holds a commission under the governor of Massachusetts for compiling CARROLL D. WRIGHT. a report on the records of parishes, towns, and counties. The thorough work performed by Col. Wright when in charge of the Massachu- setts Bureau of Statistics of Labor did much to solve many a problem of social and political ethics. While his reports at first were deemed antagonistic to a large element of the community, yet the scrupu- lous fidelity and unquestioned impartiality which characterized their compilation, finally reconciled those who were deeply interested and affected by their publication. Colonel Wright and Caroline E., daugh- ter of Sylvester and Mary E. Harnden, were united in marriage January i, 1S67, in Reading. Their children are :' Cornelia Harnden and Grace Duncan Wright. WRIGHT, George Wellman, son of John Stratton and Mary Russell (Well- man) Wright, was born in Boston, August 22, 1824. Having received the usual education at private schools, he decided to adopt a mercantile life, and about 1842 entered the office of his father, then Parks, Wright & Co., in Boston, largely engaged in the domestic commission business; here he remained till 1849, when he removed to New York, and pursued the same business, as Dale & Wright, until the death of his brother, of New Orleans, whom he suc- ceeded as purchaser of cotton for factory use and shipment, both at New Orleans and .Memphis, Tenn. He retired from active business earlv in life, and now enjoys his leisure in travel and care of the family estates. Mr. Wright was married in New York City, October 12, 185S, to Georgianna, daughter of George and Anna (Trapha- gen) Buckham. Of this union were four children : .\nna Buckham, John Stratton, George Buckham (deceased), and Florence Russell Wright. Mr. Wright's summer residence is in Du.xburv. _ WRIGHT, Luther Clark, son of Ozro C. and Emeline (Clark) Wright, was born in Northampton, Hampshire county, April 21, 1844. He is in the eighth generation from Samuel \\right, one of the original settlers soon after the town was incorporated, who removed from Springfield, Mass., in 1655, and whose descendants have become quite numerous in this region — the family name appearing frequently in the records of the church and town. His early educational training was secured in the common schools of North- ampton. He afterwards attended Williston Seminary, Easthampton. .\fter leaving school, he was engaged in agricultural pursuits for a time. Upon the organization of the first city govern- ment of Northampton, in 1884, he was elected collector of ta.xes, which position he now holds, discharging the duties of the office with marked ability, and to the general acceptance of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Wright is unmarried. WRIGHT, Walter MELVIN, son of Asa and I'olly (Chase) Wright, was born in Hanover, Grafton county, N. H., May 22, 1846, and was the youngest of four chil- dren — a daughter and three sons. He received his early mental training in the common schools. In 1862 he entered Perkins Academy, South Woodstock, Vt., and studied and taught in this institution until 1867. He was graduated A. M. at Dartmouth College in 1871, and M. D. in 1S74. \vrk;iit. YOUNG. J/7 WALTER M WRIGHT. He was associated in the practice of medicine with .M. C. Kdnnuuls. M. I)., Weston, \'t., from July, 1S74, till Jul\-, 1876, when he removed to Massachusetts and opened an office in Cooleyville, practicing there until 1880, when he settled in Orange, where he has been engaged in active general practice in medicine and surgery to the present time. Dr. Wright was married in Weston, Yt., January 3, 1875, to Ella J., daughter of Nathan and Lavina (Webster) Holt. Of this union is one child : Aldine Louise ^\■right, born February 28, 1878. He was commissioned by Governor Robinson, June 26, 1884, a medical exam- iner in Franklin county. He is president of the Franklin District Medical Society, and one of the vice-presidents of the Mas- sachusetts Medical Society. He is a prominent Odd Fellow, and an active and ardent member of various Ma- sonic bodies ; was master of Orange Lodge, F. & A. M., 1883, '84, and '85, and D. D. grand master of the 13th Masonic district, 1886 and '87. YOUNG, James Harvey, son of Wil- liam and Hannah (Harvey) Young, was born in Salem, F^ssex county, June 14, 1830. His early education, until fourteen years of age, was obtained in private schools. In 1842 his family removed to Boston, and at this time he entered the studio of John Pope, portrait painter. In 1844, at four- teen years of age, he opened a studio of his own in Boston, painting portraits at five dollars each. In 1848 he entered the office of an able architect, as a draughtsman, at the same time using every spare moment in work that kept him in form for his portrait painting. At the end of four years he re- turned to the profession for which nature designed him, and has ever since given his entire time antl attention to portraiture. He has painted much, but seldom puts a picture on exhibition. He was one of the founders of the Bos- ton Art Club, and from 1861 to '71 was director of the fine arts department of the Boston Athenreum. Among his better works are portraits of Edward Everett (the original belonging to Mrs. E. B. Everett), William Warren, W. H. Prescott and Horace Mann (both in the Salem norma! school), Colonel Ells- worth and Lieutenant Brownell (belonging to the Salem Independent Cadets), Gen- eral Townsend (Soldiers' Home, Washing- ton, 1). C), Thatcher Magoun (for the town of Medford), Barnas Sears and Pro- fessor Whitney (Newton Theological Insti- tution), Rev. Dr. Peabody (for Exeter Academy), Rev. Dr. Hedge, Professor Mulford (Harvard), and John Ward Dean (in the New England Historic Genealogi- cal Society), and of many private individ- uals. Mrs. George I-ivermore, of Cam- bridge, owns a half-length cabinet size por- trait of Everett, and a copy of the original head is in the Boston public library. Mr. Young was married in Leominster, in 1853, to Francena M.. daughter of Luke and Clarissa Wilder. His only child by this marriage is Charles Harvey Young. He married again in 1884, Louise C, daughter of Joel and Susan C. Knight, of Boston. In 1S72 his studio was burned, and Mr. Young lost nearly all his earthly posses- sions. He soon set up his easel at West Street, where he is at present located. Mr. Young has attained to an enviable repu- tation as a portrait painter. He is a mem- ber of the Paint and Clay Club, and is personally one of the most esteemed artists of the metropolis of the State. INDEX BY TOWNS AND CITIES. ABINGTON. I'KIKCE, HkNKV B., I'katt, Hakvey H. ACUSHNET. Bkai.ev. Thomas E. (iREEN, William B., Holmes. Horace M. amesbury. Cate, George W. AMHERST. Paige, Frank E., I'ai.mer, DWIGHP \V., Seelye, Julius H., Stockbriuge, Levi, Tylek, William S. ANDQVER. Coy, Edward G., Morton, Marcus, Park, P:d\vards A., PlIELl'S, .\USTIN, Ryder, William H., Smyth, Egbert C, Tucker, William J. ARLINGTON. Bkackett, John Q. A., IIakdy, John H., Hodgdon, Richard L., Peck, William G., Peirce, Warren A., Squire, John P.. Trowbridge. John T. ashburnham. WiiiTNEv. Wilbur F. ASHBY. Carr, Alonzo a. ashfield. Ranney, Henky S. ASHLAND. o.M.EY, Frederick N. ATHOL. Harding, Alpheus, Smith. James G. attleborough. Adams, (George A., Hkady, Philip K.. Daggett, Homer M., Dean, George A., Horton, Everett S. AUBURN. E.ivTON, Thomas S. AVER. Fletcher, Daniel W., Hartwell, Benjamin H. barnstable. Goss, Franklin B., Phinney, Sylvanus B., Snow, Samuel. BARRE. Davis, James F.. Rice, John W. BECKET. Snow, Frederick. BEDFORD. Webber, Wallace G., Wood, Henry. belchertown. Lyman, Robert W., Walker, Myron P. BELMONT. HowELLS, William D. BERKLEY. Leach, Giles L. BEVERLY. Baker, John I., Clark, .\ugustus N., Ober, Frederick A., SoHiER, William D. blackstone. I'utnam, .-Vrthuk a. blandford. Hkkkick, Henry K. BOLTON. Barrett, Roswell. BOSTON. Abbott, Josiah G., Adams, Charles Follen, Adams, Charles R., Adams, George Z., Adams, Wili.lvm T., Alden, E. Kimball, Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, Alger, William R., Allen, Charles, Allen, Charles H., Allen, Horace G., Allen, Stili.man B., Allen, Thomas, Andrew, John F., Angell, (Ieorge T., Atwood, Harrison H., Babcock, James F.. Bacon, Edwin M., Baldwin, William H., Barrett, Lawrence, Bartlett, Sidney, Bartol, Cyrus A., B.\tes, Arlo, Beard, Alanson W., Bennett, Joseph, Bicknell, Thomas W., Bigelow, Henry J., Bliss, William D. P., Blodgett, Caleb, Boardman, Halsev J., Bond, George William, Booth, Edwin T., Bowditch, Henry L, B'lWKEK, Albert, Bradlee, Nathaniel J., Brooks, Phillips, Browne, Causten, Bryant, Napoleon B., Buchanan, J. Rodes, Burgess, Edward, Burt, George L., Butter WORTH, Hezekiah, Callahan, John F., Campbell, Benjamin,F., Campbell, Samuel S., Carrigan, Edward C, Carter, Solomon, Chandler, Henry H., Chandler, Peleg W., Chapin, Nahum, Cheney, Benjamin P., Choate, Charles F., Clapp, Charles M., Clapp, Henry A., Clapp, William W., Clark, Isaiah R., Clement, Edward H., CoDMAN, Charles R., Coffin, Charles C, Colby, John Freeman, Collins, P.aTRICK A., Cook, Joseph, Crocker, George G.. Cronin, Cornelius F., CuNNiFF, Michael M., Curtis, Edwin U., Curtis, George. 6So INDEX. Cutter, Abram E., Cutter, Charles A., Cutter, Leonard R., Dai.ton, Samuel, Damrell, John S., Dana, Richard H., Dana, Thomas, Davis, Andrew J., Dean, Benjamin, Dewey, Henry S., Dickinson, Marquis F., Jr., Ditson, Oliver, Di.xey, Henry E., Doherty, Philip J., Donnelly, Charles F., DoNOHOE, Michael T., Dorchester, Daniel, Dudley, L. Edwin, Duryea, Joseph T., Dwight, John .S., Ellis, George E., Elson, Louis C, Endicott, Henry, Ernst, George A. O., Farmer, Moses G., Farnham, Luther, Field, Walbridge A., Fitch, Robert G., Flower, Richard C, Flvnn, Edward J., Ford, William E., Fottler, J.acob, Fries, Wulf C. J., Frost, Henry, Frothingham, Octavius B., Fuller, Henry Weld, Galvin, Owen A., Gannett, George, Gardner, Henry J., Gargan, Thomas ]., Gaston, William," Gaugengigl, Ignaz M., GlFKORD, ORRIN I'., Gordon, Adoniram J., Gordon, George A., Gove, Jesse M., Gove, Wesley A., Grant, Robert, Gray, Horace, Green, .Samuel A., Green, William A., Greenough, William W., Gregg, David, Griffis, William E., Guild, Curtis, Hadlock, Harvey D., Hale, Edward Everett, Hamilton, John W., Hart, Thomas N., Hayden, Lewis, Haynes, Emory J., Haynes, John C, Haynes, Tilly, Hill, Hamilton A., Hobbs, George M., HoDGKiNs, William E. . Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., HoMANs, John, HoRTON, Edward A., HUNNEWELL, JaMES F., Jenkins, Edward J., Jenks, Thomas L., Jones, Edward J., Jordan, Eben D., Jordan, Jediah P., Kendricken, Paul H., Kennedy, Donald, Kimball, William W., Kinsley, Edward W., L.aforme, Vincent, Lambert, Thomas R., Lane, Saurin E., Lang, Benjamin J., Lasker, Raphael, Lathrop, John, Lavai.lee, Cali.xa, Leach, George C, Leighton, John W., Leighton, "N. W. Scott, Lewis, John J., Lincoln, Frederic W., Listemann, Bernhard F. W. Little, Samuel, Lovell, Clarence P., Lowell, John, Maccabe," Joseph B., Martin, A'ugustus P., McDonough, John H., McEttrick, Michael (., M'Gi.enen, Henry A.," McPhekson, Ebenezer U., Mead, Edwin D., Merrill, Moody, Miner, Alonzo A., Miner, George A., Monroe, George H., Moore, Ira L., Morse, Godfrey, Morse, John T., Morse, Nathan, Mowry, William A., Mo.xoM, Philip S., Murphy, John R., Nichols, George B., Noble, John, Noyes, Charles J., O'Brien, Hugh, O'Neil, Joseph H., O'Reilly, John B(]Yle, Osborne, VVilliam M., Osgood, George L., Osgood, William N., Paddock, Benjamin H., Paine, Robert Treat, Parker, Charles W., Parker, George J., Parker, Henry G., Parkman, Francis, Parkman, Henry, Partridge, Horace, P.atterson, Adoniram J., Peirce, Silas, Perabo, j. Ernst, Peters, .\lvaii H., PiLLSBURY, Albert E., PiLLSBURY, John E., PiLSBURY, Edwin L., Potter. Warren B., Powers, Charles E., Prescott, Charles f.. Prince, Frederick O., Putnam, J. Pickering, Quint, Alonzo H., Rand, Arnold A., Ranney, Ambrose A., Reade, John, Rice, Alexander H,, Rich, Isaac B., Ricker, James W., Robinson, Marvin P., RowE, George H. M., RowELL,. Frank, Sanford, Alpheus, Sanger, tiEORGE P., Savage, Minot J., Sawyer, Joseph^ Sawyer, Timothy T., ScHiNDLER, Solomon, Shattuck. George O., Shepard, Edward O., Shepard, Harvey N., Shepard, John, Slade, Lucius, Sleeper, Jacob, Small, Cyrus, Smith, Nathan G., SoLEY, John C, SOUTHWORTH, ROBERT A., SowDON, Arthur J. C, Sprague, Henry H., Stearns, Richard H., Stevenson, [ohn L., Storer, David H., Sullivan, John H., Sweetser, 'Moses F., Taylor, Charles H., Taylor, William, TETLOW, fllHN, Trask, William B., Tufts, .Arthur W., Van Nostrand, William T., Vinton, Frederick P., Waldron, Daniel W., Walker, Francis A., Walker, Henry, Ward, Julius H., Ware, M. Everett, Warren, Joseph H., Weeks, Andrew G., Weil, Charles, Weissbein, Louis, Wharton, William F., WniTcoMB, Charles W., White, Ralph H., Whiting, Fred E., Whitmore, William H., Whitney, Samuel B., Whittier, Charles, WiLLARD, Joseph A., Williams.'John j., WiNSLOW, 'iViLLIAM C. , Winthrop, Robert C, Witt, Charles T.. Woodbury, Charles Levi, Woods, Edwin H., Woods, Solomon A., WoRTHINGTON, RoLAND, Young, J. Harvey, BOURNE. Chamberlain, N.athan H., Keith, Isaac N. boxborough. Wetherbee, .Augustus W. BOXFORD. Stevens, Francis J. bradford. Carter, Henry, Cogswell, William. INDEX. 6Sl BRAINTREE. Beals, John M., HoBART, Francis A., Johnson, Henry A., Stevens, James T. brewster. Croshy, Tui.i.v, Jr. BRIDGEWATER. BoYDEN, Albert G., Crane, Joshua E., G.ates, Samuel P., Harris, Benjamin W., Hooter, George M., Keith, Laf.\yette, Kingman, Hosea, Leach, James C, Leonard, Spencer, Stetson, Nahum. BROCKTON. Gruver, Samuel J., Tones, Bradford £., Keith, George E., Keith, Preston B., Keith, Ziba C, Monk, Hiram A., P.ACKARU, DeWITT C, Sanford, Baalis, Sumner, Charles \V., Wade, Albert K., Whipi'LE, John J., White, Francis E. brookfield. Johnson, George W. BROOKLINE. AspiNWALL, William, Atkinson, Edward, Butler, William S., Cand.\ge, Rufus G. F., Candler, John W., Colburn, Jeremiah, Dodge, Theodore A., Estes, Dan.\, Hill, William H., Jones, Jerome, Mason,' Albert, PARKEIir?"jAMES C. D., Russell, Edward, Sears, William B., Thomas, Reuen, Whitney, Henry M., WiLLiAMJ. Moses. buckland. Crittenden, George D. cambridge. Abbot, Francis E., Agassiz, Alexander, Alger, Alpheus B., Allen, Alexander V. G., .\LLEN, Joseph H., Bancroft, William A., Bent, George C, Bradford, Isaac, Chamberlain, George D. Clarke, Augustus P., Cooke, Josiah P., Eliot, Charles W., Fiske, John., Fox, James A., Fuller, Robert O., GiLMORE, Henry H., Goodwin, William W., Hall, James M. W., Hammond, John W., Hannum, L'eander M., Haskins, David G., Hedge, Frederic H., Higginson, Thomas W., Hill, F. Stanhope, Hincks, Edward W., Holmes, N.vth.\niel, Kendall, Edward, Kingsley', Chester W., Lombard, N.vphan C, Lovering, Joseph, Low'ELL, James Russell, Marcy, Henry O., McIntire, Charles, McKenzie, Alexander, Montague, Samuel L., Morse, Asa P., Norton, Charles E., Pickering, Edward C, Roberts, James H., Rogers, Charles S.. RoLFE, William J., Russell, William E., Sanger, Chester F., Sharples, Stephen P., Warren, WMlliam F., Wellington, Austin C, WiNSOR, Justin, Woodbridge, Samuel F. CANTON. Ames, Frank M., Endicott, Charles, Morse, Elijah A. CARLISLE. Simons, Selak. CARVER. McFarlin, Peleg. CHATHAM. GiFFORD, Benjamin D. CHELSEA. Bassett, Samuel, Campbell, Charles A., Chamberlain, Mellen, Champlin, Arthur B., Cunningham, James A., Ela, Uavid H., Fay, Frank B., FiTZ, Eustace C, Fletcher, John W., Frost, Rufus S., Hart, William H., H.vsKELL, Andrew L., Hixon, William S., HoWLAND, WlLLARD, Hutchinson, Eben, Mason, Samuel W., Mitchell, George E., Richardson, Charles A., Shh.laber, Benjamin P., Strahan, Thomas, Tenney, Samuel P. chesterfield. Nichols, Albert. chicopee. Bellamy, Edward, Robinson, George D., Ste.\rns, George M., Taylor, George S., White, Luther. chilmark. HiLLMAN, BERIAH T. CLINTON. Bowers, Walter P., Corcoran, John W., Field, Lucius, Goodale, Warren, HoLMAN, Frank E., Ingai.ls, Daniel B. , Parkhurst, Wellington E. Smith, Jonathan, Stevens, Charles G. cohasset. Osgood, Joseph. COLRAIN. Smith, Ansel C. CONCORD. HoAK, E. Rockwood, Lothrop, D.vniel, Wheildon.William W. CONWAY. B.^tchelder, Carlos. DALTON. Weston, Byron. DANA. Johnson, N.\th.\niel L. DANVERS. Mudge, Augustus, Whittier, John G. dartmouth. Barker, William, Jr. DEDHAM. Burdakin, John H., Cleveland, Ira, Colburn, Howard, Ely, Frederick D., Endicott, Augustus B., Hill, Don Gle.\son, Southgate, George A., Worthington, Erastus. deerfield. Sheldon, George. DENNIS. Hall, Luther. DOUGLAS. Abbott, William. DOVER. Shumway, Amos W., Smith, Charles H., Smith, Frank. DRACUT. Sargent, Joseph L. 682 INDEX. DUXBURY. \VkIGl[ 1. C.KOKGK \V. EAST BRIDGEWATER. I'AiNE, Timothy O. EASTHAM. NiCKEKSON, Rei'ben. easthampton. Gallaghek, William, Knight. Horatio G., Sherman, David, Wilson, Joseph W. EASTON. Ames, Oliver, southarii. i.ouis c. edgartown. HoLLEV, Richard, Pease, Richard I,., Vincent, Hebron. EVERETT. Bailey, Dudley P., Evans, Alonzo H., Smith, George E. FAIRHAVEN. Howland, Weston. Hunt, Cyrus D. FALL RIVER. Aldrich, James M., Borden, Philip U., Braley, Henry K., Davis, Robert T., Davol, William C, Dubuque, Hugo .4., Dyer, David H., French, Job B., Greene, William S., Hathewav, Nicholas, Howard, Robert, Jackson, James F.. Jennings, Andrew J., Lambert, William H., Lincoln, Leontine, Milne, John C. FALMOUTH. Jones, Silas. FITCHBURG. Bond, Nelson F., Crocker, Charles T., Culley, Eli, Currier, Frederick .\., Hartwell, H.\rris C. Kellogg, John E., Wallace, Rodney, WOODWORTH, DWIGHT S. FOXBOROUGH. Carpenter, Erasius P. framingham. Bird, Samuel B., Clapp, George L., Clark, James W., Fuller, Luther F., Goodell, John H., Lewis, Charles D. FRANKLIN. Fletcher, Asa .\.. Gai.lison, J. Gushing, Jenks, Henry R., King, George, Ray, James I'., Ray, Joseph G., Ray, William F., Thayer, William M. freetown. H.\th.\w.\y, Guilford H., Rich.mond, Sil.4S P. GEORGETOWfN. Osgood, Stephen. GILL. Barton, Leonard. GLOUCESTER. Babson, Fitz J. . French, Jonas II.. French, William W., Nichols, William 1L, Procter, Francis, Robinson, David L, Shepherd, Joseph C, Smith, Syi.vanus, Taft, Edgar S., Thompson, Charles P. GOSHEN. Barkus, .\l\ an. GOSNOLD. Allen, Frederick S. GRANBY. Keith, Monroe. granville. Gibbons, John >L great harrington. Giddings. Theoiioke. greenfield. .\iken, d.a.vid, CoNANT, Chester C, Gunn, Levi J., Lyman, Edward E., Thompson, Francis >L GROTON. Boutwell, George S., Graves, George S., Lawrence, As.\ S., Needham, Daniel, Palmer, Moses P., Peabody, Endicott, Shumwav, Eliel. groveland. Ham.moni), Edward H. HANOVER. Perkv, F;nwAKi) Y. HANSON. Stetson, (Ieorge F. HARWICH. Small, Emulous. HATFIELD. Hubbard, Silas G. haverhill. Bakti.ett, Nathaniel C, Brickett, Benjamin F., Clement, G. Colburn, Crowell, John, Hill, .\rthur A., Hoyt, Warren, Johnson, Henrv H., Moody, William H., Morse, Charles W., Perkins, ILymilton L., Richards, Fred G., Sargent, Horace ^L, .Savage, Edward B. HINGHAM. Burdett, Joseph O., Jacobs, Joseph, Jr., Long, John D., Whiton, Starkes. HINSDALE. KiTTREPGE, Charles J. HOLBROOK. .\LDEN, Lewis. HoLBROOK, E. EVEREIT. holliston. Johnson, Peter R., Spring, Charles E., Talbot, Zephaniah, Thomson, Orrin. HOLYOKE. Brooks, William H., Chase, Henry A., Clark, Embury P., CoRSER, Charles A., DwiGHT, William G., Hemphill, .\shton E.,, Smith, George H., Sullivan. Jeremiah F". hopedale. Draper, William F. hopkinton. Phipps, Marcus C. HUDSON. JosLiN, James T. . Worcester, William E. C. huntington. Clark. Schuyler. hyde park. Bl.EAKIE, RoBEkl', Carrington, Henry' B., E.NNEKING, John J. LANCASTER. NouRSE, Henry S. LANESBOROUGH. Van Rensselaer, Henry R. lawrence. Bkeen, John, Bruce, Ai.ex.\nder B., INDEX. 683 Hasf.ltine, PhineasW.. Mack, .\lvin E.. RiissELi., William A.. Sherman, Edgar J., Stakford, John H., Stone, Anhrew C. Sullivan, Michael F.. TowNSEND, Milton li., Truell, Bykon, Whitney, Henry M., Mf.krill, George S. LEE. Smith. Wellington. leicester. Cogswell., John D., Kent, Daniel, Russell, John E. leominster. Greenwood, Morrill .\. LEXINGTON. Batcheller, Brooks T., Holmes, Howlanu, S.vviLLE, Leonard A., Tower, William A., Whitcher, Bradley C. LEYDEN. Budington, Jonathan. littleton. Conant, Nelson B., Harwood, Joseph A., Sanderson, George W. LOWELL. Allen, Charles H., Allen, Richard B., Baker, Smith, Bennett, James W., Butler, Benjamin F., Carter, Charles E., Chalifoux, Joseph L., Clark, Jeremiah, Cowley, Charles, Crowley, Jeremiah, Dexter, Solomon K., Donovan, John J.. Francis, James B., Greenhalge, Frederick T. Hanson, Charles H., Jewett, Francis, Kimball, John F., LiLi.EY, Charles S., Marden. George .\., Morrison, John H., Palmer, Charles D., Pollard, Arthur G., (jUA, Francis W., Rogers, Jacob, Shaw, Benjamin F.. Walker, Benjamin. .lunenburg. ESTABROOK, .\liIN C, Goodrich, Charles A., Un.DRF.Tii, James. 2I>. LYNN. .\dams, Jiihn G. B., .\i.LEN, Frank D., .\L1.EY, loHN B.. Lovering, Henry B., Neal, Petek M., Newhall, .\sa T., Newhall, Edward, Newhall. James R., Niles, William H., ToLMAN, John B., Tracy, Cyrus M. lynnfield. Nash, Stephen c;. MALDEN. Bicknell, Albion H., Coggan, Marcellus, Converse, Elisha S., DuTToN, Benjamin F., Fuller, Lorin L.. Mansfield, Joseph H., Millei-t, Joshua H., Odiorne, Frederick H., Pease, Theodore C, Sleeper, John K. C, Turner, Henry E., Jr., Walker, George W., Wellman, Joshua W., Wiggin, Joseph F. manchester. Lee, .\ndrew. mansfield. IDE, TaCOB, Reed, Er.\stus M. MARBLEHEAD. Roads, Samuel, Jr. MARLBOROUGH. Aldrich, Samuel N., C.vi'E, George N., CooLiDGE, Timothy A., Fay, John S., Morse, Charles F., Pr.\tt, Stillman B. MASHPEE. Hammond, Watson ¥. MAYNARD. Maynard, Lorenzo. medfield. Gould, J. Henry-, Hale, Jeremiah B., Mitchell, Edwin V. MEDFORD. Boynton, Eleazar, Brooks, Francis, Dean, John Ward, Gle.\son, Daniel A., Hallowell, Norwood P., Hallowell, Richard P., Lawrence, Samuel C, Norcross, J. Henry, Perry, Edward B. MEDWAY. Fisher, Milton M., Fuller, Asa M. B., Harlow, Rufus K., Partridge, David .\. MELROSE. Barrett, William E., GoocH, Daniel W., Goss, Elbridge H., Gould, Levi S.. Larrabee, John, Orcutt, Frank E., Russell, Daniel. merrimac. Pike, James D. methuen. Parker, James O., Wall, James T. middleborough. Ellis, George L.. Sullivan, John C. middlefield. Smith, Metcalf J. MIDDLETON. Merriam, Francis P. MILFORD. Billings, George M., Cooke, George P., Dewey, Charles A., Mann, Thomas H., Parker, George G. MILLBURY. Mallalieu, Willard F., Morse, Charles D., Whitney, Levi L. MILLIS. Collins, Michael H., FoLsoM, John S., Jameson," Ephraim O., "Millis, Henry L. MILTON. Bradlee, J. Walter, Breck, Charles, Fletcher, George A., Forbes, Robert B., Godfrey, Nathan, Pierce, Edward L., Pierce, Henry L., Safford, Nathaniel F., Teele, Albert K., Wadsworth. Edwin D. MONROE. Hinsdale, Henry. MONSON. CusHMAN, Solomon F., Flynt, William N., Reynolds, Rice M. MONTAGUE. GuNN, James A.. Oakman, Richard N.. Root, Joseph H. MONTEREY. Bidwell, Marshall S. MT. WASHINGTON. Whitbeck, ORRIN C. 684 INDEX. nahant. Lodge, Henky Cabot. nantucket. S.^NFORi), Frederick C. NATICK. Bird, Warren A., Clark, David U., Howard, Charles D., NuTT, William, TiRRELL, Charles Q. NEEDHAM. Carter, William, Eaton, Everett J., Foss, James H., Kingsbury, Albert D., Mackintosh, James, Miller, Albert E., Tucker, Enos H. new ashford, Ingraham, Elihu. NEW BEDFORD. Bourne, Jonathan, Clifford", Walter, Crapo, William W., <;raves, Henry C, ' Milliken, Eben C, Pierce, Andrew C;.', Randall, Charles S., Randall, William P., Richmond, George B., RoTCH, William J., Stetson, Thomas" M. new braintree. Gleason, Charles A. NEWBURY. Rolfe, Joseth X. newburyport. Dodge, Nathan D,, Fiske, Daniel T., Howe, Francis A., Parton, James, Shaw, Edward P., Titcomb, Albert C. new salem. Putnam, Willard. NEWTON. Allen, Nathaniel T., Bacon, Joseph N., Bishop, Robert R., Bragdon, Charles C, Burr, Heman M,, Claflin, William, Clark, William R., Converse, Edmund W., Dickinson, John W., Dunbar, James R., GiLMAN, Nicholas P., Haskell, Edward H., Haskell, Edwin B., IIovey, Alvah, Huntington, William E., Hyde, James F. C, Leland, I.uther E., Peirce, Bradford K., Pitman, Robert C, Robinson, Charles, Saltonstall, Leverett, Sheldon, Henry C. Smith, Samuel F"., Spaulding, Henry G., Speare, Alden, Taylor, James B., Travls, George C, Wade, Levi C, Walton, George A., Waterhouse, Francis A. NORTH ADAMS. Babbitt, Nathan S., Brown, Orland J., McMii.LiN, Edward A., Miller, George F., Robinson, James T. northampton. Allen, William, Arnold, William F., Bassett, William G., BoTTUM, John B., Brown, Jeremiah, Cable, George W., Clapp, Egbert L, Clark, Charles N., Crossley, Azro T., Dudley, Lewis J., Edwards, Oscar, Fay, James M., Hill, Arthur G., Lilly, Alfred T., Otis, Jcihn L., Pease, Alvin F., Pierce, Chauncey H., Seelye, L. Clark, Stevens, Charles E., Warner, Lewis, WiLLisroN, A. Lyman, Wright, Luther C. NORTH ANDOVER. Frye, Newton P., Stevens, Moses T. NORTH ATTLEBOROUGH. Burden, Frederick L., Daggett, Handel N. northborough. HiLDRETH, MlLO. NORTH BROOKFIELD. Bates, Theodore C. northfield. Moody, Dwight L., Pomeroy, Charles.' NORTON. Sweet, Andrew H. NORWELL. Fogg, Ebenezer T. NORWOOD. Locke, Warren E., Tinker, Francis. ORANGE. Chase, Rufus D., Wheeler, John W., Wright, Walter M. ORLEANS. Cummings, [oseph H., Kenrick, Jc"iHN. OXFORD. JosLiN, Allen L. PALMER. Gardner, Charles L. PAXTON. Bill, Ledyard. PEABODY. King, James P. PELHAM. Shores, David. pepperell. Saunders, .■^.mos |. petersham. Mudge, [oiin {',. pittsfield. Barker, James M., Dawes, Henry L., Mink, William, Newton, William W., Read, Franklin F., Rockwell, Francis W., SrowELL, Sidney .S., Waterman, Andrew J. PLAINFIELD, Clark, Seih W. plymouth. Avery, Winslow W., Davis, Charles G., ■' Doten, Charles C. plympton. Harrub, Fred .M. provincetown. Adams, Marshall L., Hopkins, James H., Johnson, Joseph P., Putnam, Adrian L. QUINCY. Adams, Charles Francis, Barker, Henry, Fa.kun, Henry H., Litchfield, George A., Porter, Charles H. randolph. Hu.xford, Daniel H., Prescott, Charles. • READING. Barrows, William, Pratt, Joseph L., Temple, R. De.xter, TwoMBLY, William H., Wadlin, Horace G., Wright, Carroll D. INDEX. 685 REHOBOTH. Makvel, John C. REVERE. Hai.i., William T., Staim.f.s, John A. rochester. Delano, Gei,>rge, Ellis, Thomas. rockland. (Jlkason, Juual C. ROWE. Henry, Benjamin T., POKTEK, VaNIAH M. ROWLEY. Pike, John. royalston. Whitney, George. RUSSELL. Parks, Eugene D., Parks, Roland. Batchelder, John H., Brigham, Lincoln F., Cogswell, William, Enihcott, William C, FooTE, Caleb, Hagar, Daniel B., Hill, William M., Horton, Nathaniel A., LoRiNG, George B., C)sGOOD, Joseph B. F., Palkray, Charles W., Rantoul, Robert S., R.wMOND, John M. SAVOY. Baker, Nathan B. scituate. Bmley. CIeokge W. SEEKONK. Meiibery, .\ndre\v N. SHARON. Billings, Sanfoki> W. .Morse, Bushrod. sheffield. Miller, John L. SHELBURNE. Baker, Edwin. SHERBORN, Douglas, Norman B.. Dowse, Edmund. SHIRLEY. Chandler, Seth, White, Edwin L. shrewsbury I loWE, Samuel I. shutesbury. Dudley, Samuel F. somerville. Baxter, George L., Brine, William H., Bruce, George A., Butler, John H., Cai'EN, Elmer H., Carvill, Ali'Honso H., Crosby, George H., Dolbear, Amos E., Glines, Edward, Haigh, John, Hayden, Joseph O., Hill, Herbert E., Men izek, Walter C, Moore, Henry M., Pope, Charles G., Sawyer, Thomas J., Wade, Rufus R., Walker, Elijah, WiNSHIP, .Vl.BERT E. SOUTHAMPTON. Edwards, Elisha A., JUDD, Frederick E., Sheldon, Henry S. southborough. Burnett, Edward, Newton, Dexter. southbridge. Paige, Calvin A. SPENCER. Bush, John L., Hill, Luther, Jones, Erastus, Prouty, David, Sugden, Richard. springfield. Balliet, Thomas M., Bowles, Samuel, Bradford, Edward S., Buckingham, Samuel G., Call, Charles A., Dewey, Justin, Edgerlv, Martin V. B., Fisk, George C, Haile, William H., H.\w-kins, Richard F., Hyde, Henry S., Knowlton, Marcus P., Ladd, Charles R., ALwnard, Elisha B., Metcalf, Edwin D., Phillips, Henry M., Rice, William, RuMRiLL, James A., Shipley, Joseph L., Wallace, .\ndrew B., Wright, .\ndkew J. sterling. Rugg, Arthur P. stockbridge. Dunham, Henry J. stoneham. Fowler, Be.njamin .\., Keene, Walter S., Whitcher, James E. STOW. Stevens, Francis IL SUDBURY. Gerry, Charles F. sunderland. Smith. N.vriiANiEi. A., Williams, Franklin H. SWANSEA. Wood, N.\than M. TAUNTON. Dean, Robert S., Fox, Willl\m H., Hall, Richard, Hayward, Joseph W., Presbrey, Silas D., Reed, William, Jr. templeton. Blodgett, Percival. tewksbury. Foster, Enoch. TOPSFIELD. WiNSLOw, Frank L. townsend. Fessenden, .Vnson D., Taylor, William P. TRURO. Dyer, Samuel. tyringham. Clark, Daniel. uxbridge. Sl.\ter, Area C, Taft, Moses, Wheelock, Charles A. wakefield. Eaton, Chester W., Hamilton, Samuel K., Richardson, Solon O., Woodward, Charles F. WALPOLE. Bird, Francis W. WALTHAM. B.\nks, Nathaniel P., Fisher, Henry N., Stearns, Ephkaim, Stearns, George A., Upham, Samuel O., Warren, Nathan. WARE. Blood, Charles E., D.^^vis, Henry C, Hitchcock, Calvin, Miner, David W., Robinson, Levi W., Sheldon, Wallace C, Stevens, Charles E. WAREHAM. Everett, Noble W. 686 INDEX. WASHINGTON. POMEKOY, Al. ANSI IN 11, WATERTOWN. Ingram AM, William H., TowNSENi). Luther T. ■WAYLAND. Draper, James S. wellesley. FiSKE, Joseph E., Flagg, Solomon, Putney, Lyman K., Webb, Edwin B. wellfleet. ATWnon, Simeon. WENHAM. Dodge, Simeon, Jr- westborough. Forbes, William T.. Harvey, Edwin B. west boylston. Sawyer, IIenkv (). west bridgewater, Swan, James C. westfield, Gamwell, H.\rlow, GiLLETT, Edwin B., Hooker, Henry, Noble, Reuben, Stevens, Homer B., Van Deusen, Merritt, Whitney, Milton B. westford. Read, J. IIknkv. westhampton. Jewett, Albert G. ^vestminster. Merriam, Artemas, Miles, Daniel C. WESTON. M \RsiL\i.i.. James F. B. west stockbridge. Spaulding. William C. WEYMOUTH. Beai.s, Ei.i.^s S., LovELL, Benjamin S,, Reed, Josiah. WHITMAN, COPELAND, HdRAllii F. wilbraham. Potter, Ira G., Steele, (.Ieorge M. willi amsburgh, James, Lyman D. williamstown. Carter, Franklin, Perry, Arthur L. wilmington. Clark, Chester W. winchendon. Rice, Chakles J. winchester. Corse, John M., Dwinell, James F., Elder, Samuel J., McCall, Samuel W., Wilder, Salem, WINDSOR. White, James L. winthrop. Belcher, Orlando F., Floyd, David, 2d, ^VOBURN, Allen, Montressor T., H.4YDEN, Edward D., Johnson, Edward F., Makch, Daniel, TiiiiMi'SON, Leonard. WORCESTER. Aldrich, p. Emory, Baldwin, John S., Ball, Phinehas, Barn.\rii. Lewis, Brown, Edwin, Bullock, Augustus G., Chase, Charles A., Clark, Jonas G., Clarke, Josiah H., COES, LokiNG, Curtis, Albert, Devens, Charles, Gaskill, Francis A.. Goodnow, Edward A., Green, Samuel S., Hall, G. Stanley, Hoar, George F., JiLLSoN, Clark, Johnson, Ivek. Marble, Albert P., Marble, Jerome, Marble, John O., Moen, Philip, Nelson, Thomas L., Pinkerton, Alfred S., Rice, William W., Salisbury, Stephen, Sprague, .Augustus B. R., Staples, Hamilton B., Stoddard, Elijah B., Th.wer, Eli, Thayer, John R., Utley, Samuel, Walker, Joseph H., Washburn, John D., Wellington, Fred V/., WiNSLOw, Samuel. wrentham. Tompkins, William R., Wade, William H. yarmouth. Sears, Stephen. APPENDIX. Roster of the Commonwealth. 1890. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. GOl'EKNOR. John Q. A. Brackett Arlington. LI EC TEX A XT-cot 'ERXOK. \ViLLiAM H. Haile, Springfield. SECRETARY OF THE COMMOXIfEALTH. Hknky B. Peirce Abinglon. Isaac H. Eugett, First Clerk. TREASrRER AND RECEIVER-GEXERA L. George A. Marden, Lowell. John Q. Adams, First Clerk. A CD/TOR OF A CCOCNTS. Charles R. Ladd Springfield. William D. Hawlev, First Clerk. A TTORXEY-GEXERAL. Andrew J. Waterman, Pittsfield. Henry C. Bliss, Assistant Attorney-General. COUNCILORS. District No. i. — Isaac N. Keith Bourne. . Boston . Cambridge. . . Boston. Danvers. . Lawrence. Douglas. North Adams. 2. — Arthur W. Tufts, 3. — Robert O. Fuller, 4.— Edward J. Flvnn, 5. — Augustus Mudge, 6. — Byron Truell, 7. — William Abbott, . 8. — Ashley B. Wright, SENATORS. — Benjamin F. Campbell, George H. Gammans, Edward J. Donovan, James Donovan, . . Henry H. Sprague, Michael J. Creed, . Charles Carleton Coffin, William H. Carberry William H. Goodwin, -Arthur B. Breed, Simeon Dodge, . Aaron Low, . . , Alden p. Jaques, . George D. Hart, . I St Suffolk- 2d 3d •■ 4tll 5'li " 6th 7th " 8th gth 1st Essex — 2d " 3d •' 4th " 5th '■ 6th " Joseph M. Bradley ist Middlesex — James F. Dwinell, 2d 3d 4th 5th ■■ 6th 7ih " 1st Worcester- ad 3d Henry J. Hosmer, . Freeman Hunt, . . Wm. N. Davenport, Moses P. Palmer, Alonzo H. Evans, Edward M. Tucke, . -Henry L. Parker, . Lucius Field, . . Charles Haggerty, . Lynn. Marblehead. . E.ssex. Haverhill. . , Lynn. . Andover. Winchester. , Concord. Cambridge. Marlborough. Groton. Everett. Lowell. Worcester. Clinton. Southbridge. Worcester. . . Ware. Springfield. 1st Norfolk— Willard F. Gleason, . Holbrook. 2d " Geo. Makepeace TowLE, Brookline. ist Plymouth— Hiram A. Oakman, . . Marshfield. 2d " James H. Harlow, Middleborough. ist Bristol— Cyrus Savage, Taunton. 2d " Robert Howard, .... Fall River. 3d " Thomas W. Cook, . . New Bedford. Cape — David Fiske, Dennis. Henry D. Coolidge, Clerk of the Senate. William H. Sanger, Assistant Clerk. Edmund Dowse, Chaplain. John Ci. B. .'Vdams, Sergeant-at-Arms. REPRESENTATIVES. Frederick B. Day. Joseph B. Maccabe. ist Suffolk — Boston, \\'"d i 2d Suffolk- Boston, Wd 2 3d Suffolk— Boston, W'd 3. 4th Suffolk— Boston, W'd 4, 5ih Suffolk — Boston, Wd 5, 6th Suffolk— Boston, W'd 6, 7th Suffolk— Boston, W'd 7. 8th Suffolk— Boston, W'd 8, 9th Suffolk -Boston, W'd 9, Boston. ! lotli Suffolk — Boston, W'd 10, " ! nth Suffolk— Boston, W'd II, " I2th Suffolk— Boston, W'd 12, '* 13th Suffolk — Boston, W'd 13, " 14th Suffolk — Boston 15th Suffolk— Boston i6th Suffolk— Boston Patrick J. Kennedy. Thomas O. McEnaney. . J. Homer Edgerly. Michael J. Mitchell. . Wineield F. Prime. . . . Ira a. Worth. Edward W. Presho. George N. Swallow. . John F. Gillespie. . Richard M. Barry. . . Patrick Cannon. Daniel McLaughlin. . John H. Sullivan. Joseph P. Lomasney. . . Frank Morison. Andrew B. Lattimore. ), Nathaniel W. Ladd. Edward Sullivan. Geo. p. Sanger, Jr. Frank E. Winslow. . James B. Hayes. James J. Burke. Michael J. Moore. Jeremiah J. JIcNamara. W'd 14, . Robert F. Means. George H. Bond William S. McNary. . . John B. Lynch. . Jeremiah Desmond. W'd ■5. 4th " Alfred S. Pinkerton, Wore, and Hamps. — Chas. E. Stevens. 1st Hampden — Edwin D. Metcalf, 2d " Oscar Ely, Holyoke. Franklin — Edwin Baker Shelburne. Berkshire — Oliver W. Robbins, .... Pittsfield. Berk, and Hamps. — \. S. Fassett, Great Barrington. [Copyright W'd 16, Everett Allen Davis. 17th Suffolk— Boston, W'd 17, Robert H. Bowman. . Alpheus Saneokd. i8lh Suffolk— Boston, W'd 18, . . . John Albree. Augustus G. Perkins. 19th Suffolk- Boston. Wd 19, . . Willis R. Russ. Lewis G. Grossman. 20th Suffolk— Boston, W'd 20, Mich'l J. McEttrick. John H. McDonough. 2ist Suffolk — Boston, W'd 21, . Henry S. Dewey. Francis W. Kittredge. 22d Suffolk— Boston. W'd 22, . . John E. Heslan. 23d Suffolk— Boston, W'd 23, . Pelatiah R. Tripp. . William G. Baker. 24th Suffolk— Boston, W'd 24, . Henry P. Oakman. Thomas W. Bicknell. 25lh Suffolk— Boston, W'd 25, . James W. Harvey. 26ih Suffolk— Chelsea, 1 Franklin O. Barnes. W'ds I, 2 3, I . David E. Gould. :, 1890.] 690 ROSTER OF TIIF, COMMONWEALTH. 27th Suffolk— Chelsea, Wd 4, Willard Howland. Revere, Winlhrop. ist Essex — Salisbury. Amesbury, . . Merrimac. West Newbury. 2d Essex — Haverhill, Wd's 1 , 2, 4, 6, 3d Essex— Haverhill, Wd's 3> 5 Methuen, . . . Bradford. 4th Essex — Lawrence, W'ds \ 1. 2> 3, 5th Es.sex — Lawrence, Wd s , 4. 5. 6, ' 6th Essex — Andover, . . . North Andover. 7th Essex — Groveland. Georgetown. Box ford, . . . Topsfield. 8th Essex — Newburyport, W'ds i, 2. 3. 4. 5, 6, Arthur C. Richardson Newbury, ■9th Essex — Ko«ley. Ipswich, . Hamilton. Wenham. loth Essex — Gloucester, / . W'ds I, 3, 4, . S. 6, 7, S, ( . Essex. Manchester, nth Essex — Gloucester, W'd 2, Rockport, 1 2th Essex — Beverly, . . . 13th Essex— Salem, W'ds r, 2, 14th Esse.x — Salem, W''ds 3, 5, \\'arren Fenno. . . . H. G. Leslie. Herbert O. Delano. Henry H. Johnson. .1. Otis War dwell. . Makiin L. Stover. William K. Rowell. . . John O'Brien. John F. Howard. Richard A. Carter. John H. Hulford. Charles Greene. John Parkhurst. . . Luther Dame. Frank T. Goodhue. Edgar S. Taft. . . Epes Davis. Isaac N. Story. Jami.s S. Wallace. W'lLLIAM D. SOHIER. Benj. p. Pickering. William E. Meade. i.';th Essex — Salem, W'ds 4, 6, William H. Stear.ns. i6th Essex — .Vlarblehead, . 17th Essex — Swampscott. Lynn, M'''ds 2, iSth Essex — Lynn, W'd 4, Nahant. igth Essex — Lynn, W'ds i, Lynnfield. 2olh Essex — Lvnn, \\''ds 6. 2ist Essex- Saugus. -l^eabody. . . Benjamin Day. , . John J. Salter. I Edwin A. Tirrett.s. Charles H. Baker. . . Elihu B. Haves. j John MacFarlane. ' . RuFus Kimball. I Langdon H. Holder. I . Alonzo Penney. Stephe.n S. Littlefieli). 22d Essex — Danvers R(ibi:kt K. Sear.s. .Middleton. ist Middlesex — Cambridge, W'ds I, 5, 2d Middlesex — Cambridge, Ward 2, 3d Middlesex— Cambridge,A\'d 3, John W^ Coveney, 4lli Middlesex— Cambridge, \ Frank W. Dallinger Ward 4, } Ch.as. W. Hender.son, 5ih Middlesex — Somerville, W'd i, Joshua H. D.avis, 6th Middlesex — Somerville, Wd 2, F. H. R.aymond. 7'.h Middlesex — Somerville, W'ds 3, 4, 8th Middlesex — Medford, . . J. Henry Norcross. 9th Middlesex — Maiden, W'ds ( H. E. Turner, Jr. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, I Thomas E. Barker. ( . Otis S. Brown. ' William B. Durant. 1 Horace E Clayton. ' Andrew J. Radv. Frederick w. Kilmer. 10th Middlesex — Everett John S. Cate. ::th Middlesex- Melrose. . . William E. Barrett. i2th Middlesex— Stoneham, . . Myron J. Ferrin. 13th Middlesex- Wakefield, William S. Greenougii. 14th Middlesex— Woburn, ' ■'""■'*' ^- '^'^'-'^ (deceased). ' ' . . Charlie A. Jones. Reading. 15th Middlesex — Arlington, William H. H. Tuttle. Winchester. i6th Middlesex — Watertown. Belmont, . . J 17th Middlesex — Newton, Wards 1 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, I iSlh Middlesex— Waltham, W'ds I 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, ' Weston. 19th Middlesex — Lexington. Lincoln, Concord. Bedford. Burlington. 20th Middlesex — Chelmsford, . Billerica. Tewksbury. Wilmington. North Reading, 21st Middlesex— Lowell, W'd i, 22d Middlesex — Lowell, W'd 2, 23d Middlesex — Lowell, W'd 3, 24th Middlesex— Lowell, W'ds t Henry Fletcher. . G. D. Oilman. . F. J. Ranlett. Henry S. Milton. Charles Moore. Charles S. Wheeler. Charles W. Flint. 25th Middlesex- 2eth Middlesex- 27th Middlesex- 28th Middlesex- Michael J. Garvey. Daniel H. Varnum. Owen M. Donohoe. Charles E. Carter. ' Charles H. Hanson. Thomas H. Connell. Tyngs borough. Lowell, Ward 6, Richard B. Allen. 4. 5. Dracut Natick, Hopkinton, Ashland. Holliston. Sherborn. Franiingham Wayland, . 29th Middlesex — Marlborou.^di Hudson, Sudbury. 30th Middlesex — Maynard. Stow. Boxborough. Littleton. Acton, . . Carlisle. 31st Middlesex — Westford. Groton. Pepperell. Dunstable, . 32d Middlesex — Ayer. Shirley. Townsend, Charles F. Worcester, Ashby. 1st Worcester — Athol. Royalston. Phillipston. 2d W'orcester — Gardner, . Winchendon Templeton. Ashburnham. 3d Worcester — Barre. Dana. Petersham. Hardwick. Rutland, . \\'alter A. Wheeler Frank B. Tilton. Alonzo Coburn. . James L. Brophy. Charles H. Boodey. Francis C. Curtis. Hermon C. Tower. Aaron C. Handley. James .M. Swallow. C. ^V'ALDO Bates. . George Kendall. Morton E. Converse. ROSTER OK THE COMMONWEALTH. 691 Moses C. Goodnow. Louis E. P. Mokeau. Lewis C. Prindle. Richard H. Warren. Nathan H. Sears. James M. Farnum. . James Quigley. George P. Cooke. 4th Worcester— Westminster. Hubbardston. Princeton, Holder. Paxton. 5th Worcester — Brookfield. N. Brookfield. W. Brookfield. New Braintiee, George K. Tufts. Oakham, jESSE Allen. Sturbridge. Warren. 6ih Worcester — Spencer, . Leicester. 7th Worcester — Charlton, . Dudley. Southbridge. Sth Worcester — Webster. Oxford. Auburn, . 9th Worcester — Douglas. Millbury, . Sutton, loth Worcester — Cxbridge, Northbridge. Upton, nth Worcester — Blackstone. Mendon, . . Milford. . . Hopedale. 12th Worcester — Westborougb, John W. Fairbanks. Northborough. Southborough. Berlin, Lvman Morse. Shrewsbur) . Grafton, i.^th Worcester — Boylston, Bolton. West Boylston. Clinton, . . . W'. E. Pahkhurst. Harvard, Stanley B. Hilhreth. Lancaster. Sterling. -Leominster, Lunenburg. -Fitchburg.W'ds 1 John W. Kimball. I) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, * . M. J. Murray. -Worcester. W^'d i, H. C. Wheaton. -Worcester, W'd 2, . Wm. H. Rice. -Worcester,W'd3, E. M. Moriarty. -Worcester, W'd 4, Peter A. Conlin. -Worcester. W'd 5, Patrick J. Quinn. -Worcester. W'd 6. . . F. B. W^hite. -Worcester.W'd 7, . Wm. B. Sprout. -W^orcester,W'd 8, . -Xorthampton.W'ds 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Easthampton. Southampton. -Chesterfield, . Cummington. Goshen. Huntington. Middlefield. Plainfield. Westhampton. Worthingion. 3d Hampshire — Hatfield, . . Hadley. South Hadley. Williamsburg. i4lh Worcester- 15th Worcester- i6th Worcester- 17th Worcesler- iSth Worcester- 19th Worcester- 20th Worcester- 2ist Worcester- 22d Worcester- 23d Worcester- ist Hampshire- 2d Hampshire- Henry Cook. E H B. Glasgow. A. G. Hill. A. Kimball. Talcott Bancroft. KoswELL Billings. 4thHampshire- 5th Hampshire- Amherst. Belchertown, Granby, . . Enfield, . . Greenwich. Pelham. Prescott. Ware, ist Hampden — Chester. Blandford, Tolland. Granville. Southwick, Agavi'am. Montgomery Russell. Westfield, . Chester Kellogg, Lysander Thurston. DwiGHT H. Hollister. 2d Hampden- 3d Hampden- 4th Hampden- 5th Hampden- 6th Hampden- \ . Oren B. Parks. ' Robert B. Crane. W. Springfield. Holyoke, Wards 5, 6, 7, ... John Hildreth. ■Holyoke, Wards I, 2, 3, 4, . William P. Buckley. ■Chicopee, . George D. Eldredge. -Springfifld, W'ds \ Geo. W. Miller. I, 4i Hiram B. Lane. 7th Hampden— Springfield, W'd 5, John McFethries, Sth Hampden 9th Hampden- loth Hampden- -Springfield.W'ds 2, 3, 6, 7. -Longmeadow Hampden. Wilbraham. Monson, Wales. -Ludlow. Palmer, Brimfield. Holland, ist Franklin — Greenfield, . Shelburne. Hernardston. Warwick. Orange, . . New Salem. Erving. Shutesbury. ^Northfield. Gill. Montague. Wendell, . . Leverett, Sunderland. Whately. Deerfield. Conway. 5th Franklin — Ashfield. Buckland. Charlemont, Colrain. Hawley. Meath. Leyden. Rovve. Monroe. 1st Berkshire — New Ashford. Williamstown. North Adams, Florida. Clarksburg. H. Buckholz. C. H. Bennett. 2d Franklin- 3d Franklin 4th Franklin — Carlos M. Gage. Horace H. Sanders. Nahum S. Cutler. EnwARD A. Goddakd. William W. Hunt. . Alfred F. Field. George E. Bemis. \ H. TORREY CaDY. ' Henry S. Lyons. 692 ROSTER OF THE COMMONWEALTH. 2d Berkshire — Adams, . . . Andrew J. Bucklin. 7th Plymouth — Mattapoisett. Cheshire. Marion, . . . John W. Delano. Savoy. Wareham. 3d Berkshire — Hancock. Lanesborough. Rochester. Carver. Lenox, . . William Mahanna. 8th Plymouth — Middleborough, . Jared F. Aloen. Windsor. Lakeville. Peru. Halifa.M. Hinsdale. gth Plymontli — Bridgewater, . . Geo. M. Hoofer. Washington. East Bridgewater. Richmond. 4th Berkshire — Pittslield, . . Peter J. McDonald. Dalton, . . Ansel E. Chamberlin. 5th Berkshire — Stockbridge. Lee. Becket, . . SiDNEV H. Cheeseman. 6th Berkshire — W. Stockbridge. Alford. Egremont, Emekson G. Harrington. Gt. Barrington. 7th Berkshire — Monterey. Otis Philo Smith. Sandisfield. New Marlborough. Sheffield. Mt. Washington. Tyringham. ist Norfolk — Dedham, . George Fred Williams. Norwood. 2d Norfolk — Brookline, George N. Carpenter. 3d Norfolk— Hyde Park, . . Wilbur H. Powers. 4th Norfolk— Milton. Canton, . . AiGUSTfS Hemenway. 5th Norfolk— Quincy, JosiAH Qui.s'cv. ,,. .. \ Joseph A. CusHiNG. Wevmouth, ..■]■' „ I Louis A. Cook. 6th Norfolk— Braintree, . . . . Ansel O. Clark. Holbrook. 7th Norfolk — Randolph. Stoughton, . . HENgv W. Britton. Avon. Sharon. Walpole Robert S. Gray. 8th Norfolk— Franklin. Foxboroiigh. Wrentham, . . . JAJIES D. Lincoln. Bellinghant. Medway, . . . Daniel S. Woodman. Norfolk. gth Norfolk — Needham. Dover. Medfield. Wellesley. Minis, Moses C. Adams. ist Plymouth— Plymouth, . Everett F. Sherman. 2d Plymouth — Marshfield. Plympton. Kingston. Duxbuiy, . . . Thomas Alden. 3d Plymouth — Scituate. Norwell. Hanson, . . . Edwin T. Clark. Pembroke. 4th Plymouth — Cohasset. Hingham. Hull Lewis P. Loking. 5ih Plymouth — Rockland, . . Charles S. Millet. Hanover. 6th Plymouth— Whitman, BENJAMIN F". Peterson. Abington. W>st Bridgewater. loth Plymouth — Brockton, W'ds4, 5,6, E. D. Herrod. nth Plymouth — Brockton, W'ds 2, 3, Hiram A. jMonk. i2th Plymouth — Brockton, W'ds i, 7, H.O.Thomas. 1st Bristol — .'\ttleborough. I N. ."^ttleborough, . Stephen Stanley. [ Norton. Seekonk, . . . Horatio Carpenter. 2d Bristol— Mansfield Easton, . . Lorenzo B. Crockett. Raynham. 3d Bristol — Taunton, W'ards t S. Hopkins Emery. I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, - Edward Mott. 7, S, I William M. Hale. Berkley. 4th Bristol — Fairhaven, .... James A. Lewis. Acushnet. Freetown. 5th Bristol — New Bedford, W'ds \ Haile R. Luther. I, 2, 3, I David B.Kempton. 6th Bristol— New Bedford, W'ds \ Geo. F. Tucker. 4, 5, 6, ' Wm. M. Butler. 7th Bristol — Westport, . . . Albert C. Kirby. Dartmouth. o.v, 13 • . 1 r 11 D- n-.j I John J. McDonough. 8th Bristol — Fall River, W ds 1 -^ -^ , ', John Edwards. I, 2, -1, 4, 6. -^ '■"^ ' John T. Hurley. gth Bristol— Fall River, W'ds 5, \ W. J. D. Bullock. 7,8,9, I Pardon Macomber. loth Bristol — Dighton, .... Alfred W. Paul. Somerset. Swansea. Rehoboth. ist Barnstable — Falmouth, . . George E. Clarke. Bourne. Sandwich. Mashpee. Barnstable, . . . Nathan Edson. Yarmtiuth. Dennis. 2d Barnstable — Harwich, . . George N. Munsell. Chatham. Brewster. Orleans. 3d Barnstable — Eastham. Wellfleet. Truro, .... RiCHARD A. Rich. Provincetown. Dukes — Chilniark. Cottage City. Edgartown, . . Cornelius B. Marchaxt. Gay Head. Gosnold. Tisbury. Nantucket— Nantucket, . . . .\nthony Smalley. E. A. McLaughlin, Clerk of the House. J. W. Kimball, Assistant Clerk. D. W. Waldron, Chaplain. • J. G. B. Adams, Sergeant-at-Arms. ROSTER OK THE COMMONWEALTH. )m'sof Insolvency, W. H.\WKINs, F. H. Wright, T. A. Oman, . Trial Justices, II. J. DUNHAM, W. C. Spaulding.W G. A. Shepard, No. .\dams. Pittsfield. Pittsfield. Pittsfield. Pittsfield. . . Adams. . Pittsfield. Barrington. No. .\dams. . Pittsfield. Stockbridge. . Lee. . Adams. . PittsfieJd. Barrington. . Pittsfield. Stockbridge. Stockbridge. Sandisfield. 696 KOSTER OK THE COMMONWEALTH. Taunton. . Taunton. Taunton. . Fall River. Taunton. BRISTOL COUffTV, Incorporated ibSS- Shire Toivns^ Taunton and Ne7v Bedford. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, W. E. Fuller. Register of Probate and Insolvency, J. H. G.\llig.4N, Sheriff A. R. Wright, Clerk of Courts, S. Borden, . County Treasurer, G. F. Pr.\tt, Registers of Deeds, No. District, . J. E. Wilb.\r, . . . Taunton. So. District, G. B. Richmond, . N. Bedford. County Corn's, . F. Gr.\y, .... Fall River. F. S. B.^BBITT, . . . Taunton. W. S.^.n'ders, . . N. Bedford. Special Corn's, . G. N. Cr.^ndall, Attleborough. H. A. Slocum, . . Dartmouth. Com'sof Insolvency. G. E. Willi.ams. . . Taunton. M. W^ Lincoln, . . Raynham. Mastersin Chancery, H. J. Fuller Taunton. H. K. Br.\lev, . . . Fall River. E. M. Reed Mansfield. E. L. Barnev, . . N. Bedford. C. A. Reed, .... Taunton. DUKES COUNTY, Incorforatid 16S3. Shire Toiun, Edgartown, Judge of Probate and Insolvency, Jos. T. Pease, . . Edgartown. Register of Probate and Insolvency, H. Vincent, . . Edgartown. J. L. De.xter, . . Edgartown. S. Keniston, . . Edgartown. J. S. Smith, . . . Edgartown. T. R. Holley, . . Edgartown. H. RiPLEV, . . . Edgartown. F. H. Lambert, . . Cliilmark. B. B. Smith, . . . Tisbury. W. A. Vanderhoop, Gay Head. F. A. Veeder, . . . Gosnold. Com'sof Insolvency, W. J. RoTCH, . . . Tisbury. C. G. M. Dunham, Edgartown. Trial Justices, . C. J. McIlvaine, Edgartown. B. T. Hillman, . . Chilmark. ESSEX COUNTY, Incorporated ibj4. Shire Toivns, Salem, Lawrence and Newbtirvport. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, R. E. H.armon, . . . Lynn. Register of Probate and Insolvency, J. T. Mahonev, . . . Salem. Sheriff H. G. Herrick, . . Lawrence. Clerk of Courts, . D. Pe.abody, .... Lynn. County Treasurer, E. K. Jenkins, . . . Andover. Registers of Deeds, So. District, . C. S. Osgood, .... Salem. No. District, . J. R. Poor Lawrence. County Corn's, . D. W. Low, . . . Gloucester. J. W. Raymond, . . Beverly. E. B. Bishop, . . . Haverhill. Special Corn's, . A. S.WVVER, .... Amesbury. J. M. Danforth, . . Lynnfield. Com'sof Insolvency, S. Nelson, . . . Georgetown. VV. L. Thompson, . . Lawrence. H. I. Bartlett, . Newburyport. MastersinChanccry,H. N. Woods, . . . Rockport. C. W. Richardson, . . Salem. N. J. HoLDEN, .... Salem. J. H. SiSK, Lynn. A. C. Stone, . . . Lawrence. W. C. Fabens, . . Marblehead. Trial Justices, Sheriff, Clerk of Courts, County Treasurer, Register of Deeds, County Corn's, Special Com's, N. P. Frye. . . N. C. Bartlett. J. S. Todd, . . AV. M. Rogers, O. B. Tenney, G. H. Poor, . A. Merrill, W. Nutting, Jr., C. A. S.ayward, S. GlLiMAN, . . J. T. Wilson, . No. Andover. Haverhill. . Rowley. Methuen. Georgetown. Andover. Peabody. Marblehead. . Ipswich. Lynnfield. . Nahant. FRANKLIN COUNTY, Incorporated iSri. Shire Town, Greenfield. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, C. C. Con.\nt, . . . Greenfield. Register of Probate and Insolvency, F. M. Thompson, . . Greenfield. G. A. KiMUALL, . . . Greenfield. E. E. Lyman, . . . Greenfield. C. M. Moody, . . . Greenfield. E. Str-ATTON, . . . Greenfield. L. A. Crafts, . . . Whately. F. G. Smith Greenfield. F. L. Waters, .... Orange. B. W. Fay, . . . New Salem. A. J. Denison, .... Leyden. Com'sof Insolvency, H. M. Puffer, . . . Shelburne. E. F. GuN.v, .... Montague. A. A. Smith, Colrain. Masters in Chancery, F. G. Fessenden, . .Greenfield. S. O. L-AMB, .... Greenfield. G. D. Williams, . . Greenfield. Sheriff, . Clerk of Courts, . County Treasurer, Register of Deeds, County Com's, Special Com's, Trial Justices, S. D. Bardwell, Shelburne Falls, H. W. Billings, Silas Bi.ake, c. po.meroy, . W. S. Dana, . E. F. Gunn, . R. D. Ch.\se, . F. L. Greene, D. F. H.\GAR, Conway. Ash field. Northfield. Montague. Montague. . Orange. Greenfield. Deerfield. H.4MPDEN COUNTY, Incorporated jS/2. Shire Town, .Springfield. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, W. S. Shurtleff, . Springfield. Register of Probate and Insolvency, S. B. Spooner, . . Springfield. Simon Brooks, . . . Holyoke. R. O. Morris, . . Springfield. M. W. Bridge, . . Springfield. J. E. Russell, . . Springfield. H. D. B.iGG, . . W. Springfield. L. F. Root, .... Westfield. L. Clark Springfield. B. F. Burr Ludlow. W. H. Brainerd, . . Palmer. Com'sof Insolvency, H. C. Bliss, . . W. Springfield. W. S. Kellogg, . . Westfield. D. E. Webster, . Springfield. Masters in Chancery, H.W. Bosvvorth, . Springfield. Allen Webster, . Springfield. Trial Justice, . . C. F. Grosvenor, . . Ludlow. H.-IMPSHIRE COUNTY, Incorporated lbb2 Shire Toion, Northampton. Judge of Probate and Insolvency, W. G. B.\ssett, . Northampton. Register of Probate and Insolvency, H. M. .'Vrbott, . Northampton. Sheriff Clerk of Courts, . County Treasurer, Register of Deeds, County Com's, . Special Com's, ROSTER (IF THE COM.\[0.\\VEALI'H. 69; Sheriff, .... J. E. CLARK, . . Easthampton. NORFOLK COUNTY, Incorporated //«?. Clerk of Courts, . W. H. Clapp, . Northampton. Shire TozL'ti, Deuham. County Treasurer, Lewis Warner, Northampton. Register of Deeds, H. P. Bili,ings, . Northampton. Judge of Probate County Corn's, . W. W. Strong, . Northampton. and Insolvency, Geo. White, . . . . Wellesley. 1". Gaylord, . , . Amherst. Register of Probate E. A. Edwards, Southampton. and Insolvency, Jno. Cobb, . . DedhanL Special Corn's, C. E. Blood, . . . . Ware. Sheriff .A. B. Endicott, . . Dedham. C. K. Brewster, Worthington. Clerk of Courts, . E. Worthington, Dedham Corn's of Insolvency, AsiiER Pe.\sf,, Middlefield. County Treasurer, C. II. S.mith, . . Dedliam BvKox Smith, . So. Hadley. Register of Deeds, J. H. Burdakin, Dedham. . . Hatfield. County Com's, . J. Q. A. Field, . . . Quincy G. W. Wiggin, Franklin. M. P. Morrill, . Hyde Park. MIDDLESEX COUNTY, I near f orated lb43. Special Com's, G. P. Morey, Walpole. Shire Towns^ Cambridge {East) an iLoive/l. B. F. Baker, . . . Brookline Com'sof Insolvency, G. W. Wiggin, . . Franklin Judge of Probate E. Grover, . . . Needhani and Insolvency, Geo. M. Brooks, Concord. R. W. Carpenter. Foxbo rough Register of Probate Mastersin Chancei-y,T. E. Grover, . . . Canton. and Insolvency, J. H. Tyler, . Winchester. H. B. Terry, . Hyde Park. Assistant Register of E. Worthington, . Dedham. Probate and Insol- J. E. TIRRELL, . . . Quinc;-. vency, . . . S. H. FoLSO,\i, . Winchester. Trial Justices, . E. Grover, . . . . Needham. Sheriff H. G. Gushing, . . . Lowell. S. Warner, . . Wrentham. Clerk of Courts. . T. C. HuRD, . . Cambridge. A. B. W'entworth Dedham. Assistant Clerk of G. W. Wiggin, . Franklin. Courts, . . . W. C. Dillingham Somerville. 0. A. Marden, . Stoughton. County Treasurer, Jos. O. Havden, Somerville. T. E. Grover, . . . . Canton. Registers of Deeds, H. B. Terry, . . Hyde Park. No. District, . J. L. Thompson, . . Lowell. J. C. Lane, . . . . Norwood. So. District, . C. B. Stevens, . Cambridge. N. A. Cook, . . . Belliiigham. County Corn's, \V. S. FROST, . . Marlborough. C. E. W.\SHBURNE, . Wellesley. J. H, Rear, . . . Westford. Peter Daly, . . Walpole. S. 0. Upham, . Waltham. R. W. Carpenter, Fo.\ borough. Special Corn's, . E. E. Thompson, Woburn. J. J. Feelv, . . Walpole. Lyman Dike, . Stoneham. Coin's of Insolvency, K. T. Greenhalge . . Lowell. PLYMOUTH COUNTY, Incorpor. ted lOSj. J. C. Kennedy, . Newlon. Shire Town, Plvniottth. G. J. Burns, . . Ayer. Judge of Probate Masters in Chancery, W.alter Adams, Framingham. S. L. Powers, . Newton. and Insolvency, B. W. Harris, h . Bridgewater. J. H. Tyler, . . Winchester. Register of Probate C. H. Co.nant, . . . Lowell. and Insolvency, J. C. Sullivan, Middleborough. G. A. A. Pevey, Cambridge. Sheriff A. K. Harmon, . . Plymouth. R. P. Clapp, . . . Lexington. Clerk of Courts, . E. E. HiMART, . . Plymouth. W. H. Bent, . . Lowell. County Treasurer, A. D.wis, . . . . \Vhitman. Trial Justices, . J.T. JosLiN, . . Hudson. Register of Deeds, W. S. Danforth, . Plymouth. Wm. Nutt, . . . . Natick. County Com's, . Wm. Rankin, . J. Dwelley, . Brockton. G. L. Hemenway, Hopkinton. . Hanover. W. H. Faunce, . Kingston. The jurisdiction of the County Commissioners of Middlesex ex- Special Com's, . C. W. S. Seymour . Hingham. tends over Revere and Winthrop in the County 0: Suffolk. A. P. Sprague, Marshfield. Com'sof Insolvency.F. M. Bi-XRV, . . . Brockton. NANTUCKET COUNTY, Incorpor aieti ibqj. R. 0. Harris, . E . Britlgewater. Judge of Probate W. L. Chip.man, . . Wareham. and Insolvency, T. C. Defriez, . . Nantucket. Masters in Chancery. J. O. Burdett, . Hingham. Register of Probate C. M. Perry, . . Rockland. and Insolvency, B. F. Brown, . Nantucket. Sheriff J. F. Barrett, . . Nantucket. SUFFOLK COUNTY, Incorporated 1643. Clerk of Courts, . J. F. MuRPHY, . . Nantucket. Judge of Probate County Treasurer, Sam'l Swain, . . Nantucket. and Insolvency, J. W. McKiM, . . . Boston. Register of Deeds, E. B. Hussey, . . Nantucket. Register of Probate Com'sof Insolvency, W. W. McIntosii, . Nantucket. and Insolvency, Elijah George, . . . Boston. H. W. Brown, . . Nantucket. Assistant Register, J. H. Paine, . . . . . Boston. A. C. Swain, . . . Nantucket. Clerk, .... J. L. Crombie, . . . Boston. Trial Justices, . T. B. Field, . . . Nantucket. Sheriff j. B. O'Brien, . . . . Boston. \. Coffin, . . . Nantucket. Clerk Supreme Ju- dicial Court, . John Nohle, . Boston. The Selectmen of the town of Nantucket ha\ e the powers anil perform the duties of County Commissioners. The Treasurer of Ass. Clerk Supreme tile Town is also County Trt-asurcr. Judicial' Court, C. H. Cooper, . . . Boston. 698 ROSTER OF THE COMMONWEALTH. Clerk Superior Court (Civil Session), J. A. Willard, . Boston. Cleric Superior Court (Criminal Session) J. P. Manning, . . . Boston. County Treasurer, A. T. Turner, . . . Boston. County Auditor, . J, H. Dodge, . . . Boston. Register of Deeds, Thos. F. Temple, . Boston. Com'sof Insolvency, M. J. Creed, . . . Boston. W. B. F. Whall, . . Boston. F. P. Magee, . . . Boston. Masters in Chancery, D. H. Coolidge, . . Boston. H. W. Bragg, . . , Boston. J. C. Davis, . . . . Boston. H. H. Smith, . . Hyde Park. R. I. Burbank, . Boston. J. H. Sherburne, . Boston. E. J. Jones, . . . . Boston. E. H. Darling, . Boston. G. P. Sanger, Jr., . Boston. C. E. Grinnell, . . Boston. In the city of Koston Ihe Board of Aldermen have all the powers and duties of County Commissioners, except in relation to trials by jury and recovery of damages in such trials, in cases of laying out and discontinuing highways, and appeals from assessors for abate- ment of taxes. n-'ORCESTER COUNTY, Incorporated IJS'- Shire Towns, Worcester and Fitchbitrg, Judf^e of Probate and Insolvency, W. T. Forbes, . Register of Probate and Insolvency, F. W. Southwick Sheriff, .... Sam'l D. Nye, . Clerk of Couits, . T. S. Johnson, . County Treasurer, E. A. Brown, Registers of Deeds, Worcester Dist., H. B. Wilder, . C. F. Rockwood, Chas. J. Rice, . H. G. Taft, . . E. Stone, . . . Howard M. Lane, G. W. Cook, . . Corn's of Insolvency, R. B. Dodge, Jr., Northern Dist., County Corn's, Special Corn's, Westborough. Worcester. . W'orcester. . Worcester. , Worcester. . Worcester. . Fitchburg. Wincliendon. . U.\bridge. Spencer. Leominster. . . Barre. . Charlton. A. J. Bartholomew, Southbridge J. B. Scott, Masters in Chancery, Jos. M.\son, . . JoN.vrnAN Smith, G. M. Woodward, J. H. Hill, . . E. P. Pierce, . C. R. JOHN.WN, . Trial Justices, . C. H. Follansby, G. S. DUELL, C. W. Carter, . H. Mayo, . . . Luther Hill, . H. W. Bush, . . F. B. Spalter, . J. W. Tyler, . H. A. Farwell, S. BoTinvELL, . Grafton. . Worcester. Clinton. . Worcester. . Worcester. . Fitchburg. . Worcester. . . Barre. . Brookfield. Leominster. Leominster. Spencer. W. Brookfield. Wincliendon. Warren. Hubbardston. Xo. Brookfield. COLLEGES IN MASSACHUSETTS. AMHERST— Amherst. President, Julius H. Seelye. BOSTON COLLEGE— Boston. President Rob't Fulton. B OS TON UNI f ERSI T Y— Boston . President Wm. F. Warren. CLARK UNIVERSITY— Worcester. President, G. Stanley Hall. COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CROSS— Worcester President, Sam'l Caiiiii,. HAR YARD I 'NI I ERSITY^ Cambridge. President, ...... Chas. W. Eliot. .MASS. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE— Amherst. President, Henry II. Goodell. S. Ill Til COLLEGE— Northampton. President, L. Clark Seelye. TUFTS COLLEGE— Somerville. President, Elmer H. Capen. WELLESLE Y COLLEGE— Wellesley. President, Helen A. Schafer. WILLIAMS COLLEGE- Williamstown. President, Franklin Carter. MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEER MILITIA. commander-in-chief. His Excellency . . J. Q. A. Brackett. Staff. Adjutant-General, . . Maj.-Gen. Samuel Dalton. Surgeon-General, . . Brig. -Gen. Alfred F. Holt. Judge Advocate-General, Brig. -Gen. E. O. Shepard. A ides -de- Ca mp. Col. Wm. p. Stoddard, Col. S. M. Hedges, Col. S. E. WiNSLOw, Col. E. V. Mitchell. Inspector-General (Rifle Practice) Col. H. T. Rockwell. Assistant Inspector-Generals. Col. E. E. Currier, Col. F. W. Wellington, Col. R. F. Barrett, Col. G. A. Keeler, Col. W. L. Chase (Rifle Practice). Assistant Quartermaster-Generals. Col. M. O. .\dams, Co'. A. M. Chadwick. Col. G. W. Moses, Col. A. H. Goetting, Col. W. H. Dyer. Assistant Adjutant-Generals . Col. S. C. Hart, Col. A. M. Jackson, Col. W. A. CouTiiouY, Col. E. A. Buffinton. FIRST BRIG. -IDE. Brig. -Gen. Com- manding, . Benj. F. Bridges, Jr., So. Deerfield. Lt.-Col.andAsst. Adj. -Gen. . B. S. Parker, Boston. Lt. -Col. and Med. Director, . H. L. Burrill, .... Boston. Maj. and Asst. Ins. Gen., . J. W. Sanger, Boston. Maj. and Asst. Ins. -Gen. Rifle Practice, . . C. W. Hinman, .... Boston. Capt. and Brig- ade Q. M., . C. L. Hayden, . . . So. Deerfield. Capt. and Engi- neer, . . . Thos. Aspinwall, . . Brookline. Capt. and Judge Advocate, . H. S. Dewey, Boston. Capt. and Pro. Marshal, . . CD. Lyford, .... Brookline. 1st. Lt. and Sig- nal Officer, . H. H. .M. Borghardt, . . Boston. 2d Lt. and Am- bul'ce Officer, Myles Standish, .... Boston. ... . /-. \ Wm. L. Chase, . . . Brookline. .^ides-de-Camp -' ^ ' ^ . , , , ' Thos. F. Cordis, . . . Springfield. ROSTER OF THE COMMONWEALTH. 699 Colonel, Lt.-Col., Majors, . Captains, Colonel, Lt.-Col., Majors, . Captains, Colonel, Lt.-Col., Majors, Cap'.ains, ist Regiment Infantry. Thos. R. M.\the\vs, . J AS. F. J.\CKSOS, . . CH.AS. L. HpVEY, . . Fred. G. King, . • \Vm. W. Kf.llett, . F. H. Briggs, . . ■ I'. W. Dallinger, . P. A. Dyar, .... J. H. Frothingham, R. H. Morgan, . . N. O. Danfortm, . . R. P. B. Bell, . . . H. \V. Atkixs, . . C. \VlLLL\MSON, . . W. H. Ames, . . . E. G. TUTEIN, . . . S. L. Bkaley, . . id Regiment Infantry. Embury P. Clark. . F. W. Merrum, . . . E. R. Shumway, . . P. S. Bridges, . . . F. G. Southmayp, . . W. A. CONDY, . . . H. McDonald, . . C. W. Brown, . . . T. E. LE.iVITT, . . S. T. Ch.\mberlain, J. J. Leonard, . . E. M. Roche, . . R. W. Irwin, . • E. G. Th.ayer, F. G. Fessenden, R. .\. Whipple, 6lh Regiment Infantry . Henry G. Greene, . Henry P.\rsons, . C. F. Woodward, Thos. H. Shea, . G. H. ClIAFFlN, . G. H. T.AYLOR, W. F. P.\GE, O. M. Pr.att, . P. F. King, . . . A. S. FULLFORD, . T. E. J.iCKSON, C. H. Richardson, S. A. Lawrence, . F. E. Cutter, . . C. F. Hill, . . . G. W. Brady, . J. T. Berrill, . . . Boston. Fall River. . Boston. . Boston. . Boston. . Boston. Cambridge. . Boston. . Boston. N. Bedford. Taunton. .- Boston. . Clielsea. Brockton. No. Easton. . Boston. Fall River. . . Holyoke. No. Adams. , Worcester. So. Deerfield. . Springfield. . Worcester. . Springfield. . . Holyoke. . . Orange. . . Gardner. . Springfield. So. Deerfield. Northampton. Amherst. Greenfield. . . Adams. Fitchburg. Marlborough. . Wakefield. . Fitchburg. Southbridge. . Wakefield. . Fitchburg. . . Lowell. . Fitchburg. .^shburnham. Marlborough. . . Lowell. , Stoneham. . . Concord. Southbridge. . . Boston. . . .Milford. SECOND BRIGADE. Brig.-Gen. Com- manding, . Benj. F. Pe.\ch, Jr.. Lt.-Col.andAsst. Adj.-Gen., . Cii.\s. C. Fry, . . Lt.-Col.andMed. Director, . Thos. KriTKEi.GK, Maj. and Asst. Ins.-Gen., . Jos. A. Ingai.ls, . Maj. and Asst. Ins.-Gen. Rifle Practice, . J as. P. FROsr, . . Capt. and Brig. O. M., . . H. E. Converse, . Capt. and Engi- neer, . . . W. T. Lambert Boston. Capt. and Judge Advocate, . Elijah CSeorge, .... Boston. Capt. and Pro. Marshal, . A. A. Hal.., Boston. ist Lt. and Sig- nal Officer, . C. M. Halky, Boston. 2d Lt. and Am- bula'ceOfficer, A. W. Clarke Salem. _ I N. A. Thomp.son, . . . Boston. Aides-de-Camp .^^^^ j^j,^^^^^^ . Boston. ^th Regiment Infantry. Colonel, . . W'M. .\. Bancroft, . . Cambridge. 1 t -Col.', . . G. F. Frost WaUham. Majors, '. . . L H. Whitney Medford. G. H. Benyon, . . . Watertown. W. H. Oakes Boston. Captains, . . Ch-as. French, .... Boston. S. T. Sinclair, . . . Cambridge. G. C. Applin Newton. H. MORRISSEY, .... Plymouth. T. C. Henderson, . . Medford. G. H. Dickson, . . . Waltham. W. C. Parker Woburn. W. L. Fox, Arlington. W. H. GoFF, . . . Attleborough. W. E. Morrison, . . . Braintree. G. W. SWAZEY, .... Maiden. A. M. MossMAN, .... Hudson. . . Lynn. . . Lynn. Salem. . Boston. . Boston. Maiden. Colonel, Lt.-Col., Majors, . Captains, Colonel, Lt.-Col., Majors, . Captains, f>th Regiment Infantry. Francis A. Osgood, . Marblehead. J. A. Mills Newburyport. G. .v. CoPELAND, .... Revere. C. L. Dodge Beverly. W. M. Ward, Peabody. A. G. Reynolds, . . Newburyport. E. W. M. Bailey, . . Amesbury. W.B.Potter,. . . Maiblcliead. F. IIURR.W Lynn. W. E. Perry, Beverly. B. II. Jellison, . . . Haverhill. Wm. a. Pew, Jr., . . . Gloucester. H. F. Staples Salem. E. T. Br.\ckett, Lynn. W. H. Dunney Peabody. A. Reeves, .... No. Andover. S. T. Kirk Somerville. gtlt Regiment Infantry. Wm. Str.\chan. . . . L. J. Logan, . . . P. J. Grady, . . . F. P. Bogan, . . . W. H. Donovan, . . . D. J. Keefe, . . . G. F. H. Murray, T. F. 0'D.\Y, . . E. Eg.an, .... J. G. Fennessey, . E. F. O'SULLIVAN, Wm. Reg.\n, . . G. J. Lovett, . . C. E. O'DONNELL, C. E. Sh.aw, . . . D. W. RlCKER, Chas. Conners, . Boston. . Boston. . Boston. . Boston. Lawrence. Boston. Boston. . Boston. . Boston. . Boston. Lawrence. Worcester. . Boston. . Boston. . Clinton. . Natick. Lowell. yoo ROSTER OK THE COMMO.WVEALTH. ARTILLERY. 1st Battalion. Major, . . . Geo. S. Merrill, Adjutant, . . J. A. Newhall, Q. M., . . . L. S. Dow, . . Surgeon, . . F. M. Johnson, Asst. Surgeon, H. L. Chase, Paymaster, . S. M. Hedges, . Battery A. — Capt. Dexter H. Follett, Battery C. — Capt. L. N. Duchesney, Battery B. — Capt. Geo. L. Allen, . . CAVALRY. I St Battalion. Major, . . . Horace G. Kemp, Adjutant, . . F. L. Locke, . . . Q. M., . . . S. B. Newton, . . Surgeon, . . Chas. H. Cogswell, Asst. Surgeon, C. S. Dunn, .... Paymaster, . J. W. Pierce, . . . Chaplain, . . Rev. W. H. Ryder, . I. R. P., . . J. Bellamy, . . . Troop A. — Capt. Edw. B. Wadsworth, Troop D. — Capt. D. S. Henderson, . Troop /^.— Capt. H. W. Wilson, . . INDEPENDENT CADETS. 1st Corps Cadets. Lt.-Col. Com'd'gT. F. Edmands, Lawrence. . Boston. . Boston. . Boston. Brookline. . Boston. Boston. . Boston. \\'orcester. Cambridge. . Boston. Boston. . Boston. . Boston. . Boston. Gloucester. . Boston. . Boston. . Boston. . Carlisle. Major, . . . Adjutant, . . Q. M., . . . Surgeon, . . Asst. Surgeon, Paymaster, I. R. P., . . G. R. Rogers, . . J. E. R. Hill, . . C. C. Melcher, . W. L. Richardson, C. M. Green, . . C. E. Stevens, Wm. .\. Hayes, Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Co. A. — Capt. F. H. Api'LETON, Co. 5.— Capt. W. H, Alline, . . Co. C— Capt. A. Robeson, . . . Co. Z),— Capt. H. B. Rice, . . . 2d Corps Cadets. Lt.-Col. Com'd'g J. F. Dalton, Major, . Adjutant. Q. M., . Surgeon, Paymaster, Chaplain, I. R. P., J. W. Hart, . . A. FiTZ, .... E. A. SiMONPS, . . Benj. R. Svmonds, E. A. Maloon, . . Rev. E. C. Butler, \V. H. MERRirr, , Co. A. — Capt. S. A. Johnson, Co. ^.— Capt. W. F. Peck, . Co. C— Capt. C. W. Osgood, Co. Z»,— Capt. C. S. Proctor, Boston. Boston. Boston. Boston. Salem. Salem. Salem. Salem. Salem. Salem Beverly. Salem. Salem. Salem. Salem. Salem. ANCIENT AND HONORABLE ARTILLERY CO. E. E, Allen, . . . G. B. Spaulding, E. Sullivan, . . . , F. W. Dallinger, . , Rev. Phillips Brooks, Capt., ist Lieut., 2d Lieut., Adjutant, Chaplain, Treas. and Pay- master, . . V. Laforme, Clerk and Asst. Paymaster, . G. H. Allen, Q. M. and Ar- morer, . . G. P. May, . Chief Honorary Staff, . . Commissary, Surgeon, Watertown. . Boston. . Boston. Cambridge. . Boston. W. H. CUNDV, C. A. Faxon, . John Sullivan, Boston. Cambridge. . Boston. . Boston. . Boston. Boston. Towns and Cities of Massachusetts. Arranged alphabetically, showing Date of Incorporation, Population according to the last Census (1885), Polls and Valuation as officially returned to the Secretary of the Commonwealth in 1SS9, together with their appropriate Congressional, Councilor, Senatorial and Representative Districts. □ a 2 §8 z Towns < H i- ^H OS s 1 w -<: ■a > AND Cities. 35 a ^ - U u 5 Z !- 5° I/) I7I2 3.699 1,293 2,100,335 ABINGTON. 2 I I Plymouth. 6 Plymouth. 1735 1.785 589 1,311.775 ACTON. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 30 Middlesex. j86o 1,071 244 612,040 ACUSHNET. I I 3 Bristol. 4 Bristol. 1778 8,282 1.950 3.432,168 ADAMS. 12 8 Berkshire. 2 Berkshire. 1855 2.357 572 1,220,047 AGAWAM. 12 8 2 Hampden. I Hampden. 1773 341 98 220,586 ALFORD. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp 6 Berkshire. 1668 4.403 2.890 4,366,120 AMESBURY. 7 5 4 Essex. I Essex. 1759 4.199 1,061 3,238,000 AMHERST. 11 7 Wore. & Hamp 4 Hampshire. Z646 5.7" 1,262 4,161,170 ANDOVER. 8 6 6 Essex. 6 Essex. 1807 4,673 1,508 5,209,096 ARLINGTON. 5 3 t Middlesex. 15 Middlesex. 1765 2,058 629 1,000,716 ASHBURNHAM. ri 8 Franklin. 2 Worcester. 1767 871 258 476.427 ASHBY. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 32 Middlesex. 1765 1,097 289 476,663 ASHFIELD. II 8 Franklin. 5 Franklin. 1846 2,633 710 1,290,901 ASHLAND. 9 6 4 Middlesex. 27 Middlesex. 1762 4.758 1,606 2,845,205 ATHOL. II 7 Wore. & Hamp I Worcester. 1694 13,175 1,995 3,965,377 ATTLEBOROUGH. 2 2 I Bristcil. I Bristol. 1778 1,267 332 492,647 AUBURN. 10 7 3 Worcester. 8 Worcester. 1888 1,200 379 545.760 AVON. 2 2 2 Norfolk. 7 Norfolk. 1871 2,190 637 1,282,767 AVER. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 32 Middlesex. I6J9 4,050 1,056 3,156,540 BARNSTABLE. I I Cape. I Barnstable. 1753 2,093 607 1,407,654 BARRE. 10 7 Wore. &' Hamp 3 Worcester. 1765 938 290 402.344 BECKET. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp 5 Berkshire. 1729 950 297 875.367 BEDFORD. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 19 Middlesex. 1 761 2,307 536 814,850 BELCHERTOWN. II 7 Wore. & Hamp 4 Hampshire. 1719 1,198 319 612,150 BELLINGHAM. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 8 Norfolk. 1859 1,693 3,020,600 BELMONT. 5 3 2 Middlesex. 16 Middlesex. 1735 941 260 405.830 BERKLEY. 2 1 2 Bristol. 3 Bristol. 1784 899 237 487, 103 BERLIN. 9 7 2 Worcester. 12 Worcester. 1762 930 214 388,210 BERNARDSTON. II s Franklin. I Franklin. 1668 9,186 2,815 13,607,975 BEVERLY. 7 5 2 Essex. 12 Essex. 1655 2,161 603 1,698,238 BILLERICA. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 20 Middlesex. 184s 5,435 1,599 2,535.845 BLACKSTONE. 9 7 2 Worcester. II Worcester. 1741 954 237 366,455 BLANDFORD. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp I Hampden. 1738 876 231 469,467 BOLTON. 8 7 a" 2 Worcester. 1 Suffolk, Ward 1. 2 Suffolk, Wards 3, 4, 5. 3 Suffolk, Wards 6, 7, 8. 13 Wctfcester. 1630 390,406 123,274 795,433,744 BOSTOJf. ^"^:i-s "o-a ^^ 4 Suffolk, Wards 2, 12, 16 5 Suffolk, \\^ards 9, 10, II I to 25 Suffolk, iris 6 Suffolk, ^siilT « """' Wards 13,14,15 -5 "" ^' |. . [i 7 Suffolk, •sri^s ^"•£" Wards 17,18,20 S3"o; 8 Suffolk, l-sj-^ Wards 19,22,25 -^ « NO,* 9 Suffolk, CO Wards 21,23,24 1884 1,363 442 1,135,050 BOURNE. I I Cape. I Barnstable. 1783 34S 186 246,705 BOXBOROUGH. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 30 Middlesex. 1685 840 217 656,358 BOXFORD. 7 5 5 Essex. 7 Essex. 1786 834 203 527,740 BOYLSTON. 10 7 2 Worcester. 13 Worcester. J67S 3,106 932 1,819,318 BRADFORD. 7 6 6 Essex. 3 Essex. 1640 4,040 1,321 3,284.3TO BRAINTREE. 2 2 I Norfolk. 6 Norfolk. [Copyright. 1890.1 702 TOWNS AND CITIES OF MASSACHUSETTS. ^ S5 Towns < sH 1 MAIXV 2 a o J a a. 2; a 3 < > .\ND Cities. n U u 2 6° < -fi S5 1803 934 250 533.206 BRE^VSTER. I I Cape. 2 Barnstable. 1656 3.827 976 2,129,070 BRIDGEWATER. 2 I 2 Plymouth. 9 Plymouth. '731 1. 137 3" 454.860 BRIMFIELD. 10 s I Hampden. 10 Hampden. 10 Plymouth, Wards 4, 5, 6. 1821 20,783 7.342 15,762,788 BnOCKTON. 2 I 2 Plymouth - II Plymouth, Wards 2. 1. 12 Plymouth, Wards i, 7. 1718 3.013 919 1,265,942 BROOKFIELD. 10 7 3 Worcester. 5 Worcester. 1705 9. "95 3.003 42,533,300 BROOKLINE. 9 ! 2 2 Norfolk. 2 Norfolk. 1779 1,760 422 521,903 BUCKLAND. II 8 Franklin. 5 Franklin. 1799 604 177 491.477 BURLINGTON. 5 6 5 Middlesex. 3 Middlesex, 19 Middlesex. 1 Middlesex, Wards I, 5. 2 Middlesex, •633 59.660 18,242 65,132,800 CAMBRIDGE. 5- ^1 k \Vds.,2,4,5 3 Suffolk, Ward 3. Ward 2. 3 Middlesex, Ward 3. 4 Middlesex, Ward 4. 1797 4,380 1,206 3,616,847 CANTON. 2 2 I Norfolk. 4 Norfolk. 1780 526 141 381.799 CARLISLE. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 30 Middlesex. 1790 1,091 214 613.590 CARVER. 2 I 2 Plymouth. 7 Plymouth. 1765 958 291 347. 79S CHARLEMONT. II ' S Franklin. 5 Franklin. 1754 1,823 526 933.370 CHARLTON. ID 7 3 Worcester. 7 Worcester. 1712 2,028 593 802,839 CHATHAM. I I Cape. 2 Barnstable. 165s 2.304 713 1,593.159 CHELMSFORD. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 20 Middlesex. 26 Suffolk, 1738 25.709 7,732 20,189,850 CHEZ,SEA. 6 3 I Suffolk. Wards I, 2, 3. 27 Suffolk, [ Ward 4. 1793 1,448 370 721,858 CHESHIRE. 12 8 Berkshire. 2 Berkshire. 1765 i,3>8 37S 478.243 CHESTER. 12 S Berk. & Hamp I Hampden. 1762 69S .78 294,521 CHESTERFIELD. II 8 Berk. &- Hamp 2 Hampshire. 1848 11,528 2,6ig 6,072,300 CHICOPEE. 12 8 2 Hampden. 5 Hampden. 1714 412 13' 210,582 CHILMARK. I I Cape. I Dukes. 179S 708 '79 223,343 CLARKSBURG. 12 8 Berkshire. I Berkshire. 1850 8,945 2,626 5,841,43s CLINTON. 9 7 2 Worcester. 13 Worcester. 1770 2,216 603 3.580,238 COHASSET. 2 I I Plymouth. 4 Plymouth. 1761 1,605 406 563.518 COLRAIN. 11 8 Franklin. 5 Franklin. 1635 3.727 940 3.359.037 CONCORD. 8 3 2 Middlesex. 19 Middlesex. 1767 1.573 384 757.606 CONWAY. II 8 Franklin. 4 Franklin. 1880 709 234 1,469.700 COTTAGE CITY. I I Cape. I Dukes. 1779 805 197 308.277 CUMMINGTON. II 8 Berk. & Hamp 2 Hampshire. 1784 2,113 570 i,gSi,6i4 DALTON. 12 8 Berkshire. 4 Berkshire. I«OI 695 193 296,450 DANA. II 7 Wore. & Hamp 3 Worcester. ■757 7,048 1,860 3.794.525 DANVERS. 7 5 5 Essex. 22 Essex. 1664 3.448 736 1. 799.350 DARTMOUTH. 1 1 3 Bristol. 7 Bristol. 1636 6,641 1.754 5,286,606 DEDHAM. 9 2 2 Norfolk. I Norfolk. 1682 3.042 836 1.293,018 DEERFIELD. II 8 Franklin. 4 Franklin. 1793 2,923 829 1,195.544 DENNIS. I I Cape. I Barnstable. 1712 1,782 487 756,448 DIGHTON. I I 2 Bristol. 10 Bristol. 1746 2,205 554 946,932 DOUGLAS. 10 7 3 Worcester. 9 Worcester. 1784 664 160 887,885 DOVER. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 9 Norfolk. 1701 1.927 509 1,368,148 DRACUT. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 24 Middlesex. •731 2,742 637 984.575 DUDLEY. 10 7 3 Worcester. 7 Worcester. 1673 431 117 286,771 DUNSTABLE. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 31 Jliddlesex. J637 1,480 512 1. 213. 257 DUXBURY. 2 I I Plymouth. 2 Plymouth. 1823 2,Sl2 845 1,491.470 E. BRIDGEWATER. 2 I 2 Plymouth. 9 Plymouth. 1646 638 164 226, 764 EASTHAM. I I Cape. 3 Barnstable. 1785 4,291 938 2,292.425 EASTHAMPTON. II 8 Berk. & Hamp I Hampshire. 1725 3.948 1,170 3.778,861 EASTON. 2 2 I Bristol. 2 Bristol. 1671 1,165 364 712.050 EDGARTOWN. I \ -1 Cape. I Dukes. 1760 826 236 415,474 EGREMONT. 12 i 8 Berk. &- Hamp 6 Berkshire. 1816 1,010 284 611,980 ENFIELD. II i 7 Wore. & Hamp 5 Hampshire. 1838 873 294 348,766 ERVING. II 8 Franklin. 2 Franklin. 1819 1,722 483 861,587 ESSEX. 7 5 3 Essex. 10 Essex. 1870 5.825 2,730 7,210,300 EVERETT. 6 6 6 Middlesex. 10 Middlesex. l8l2 2,880 602 1.552,738 FAIRHAVEN. I I 3 Bristol. 2 Bristol. >. 4 Bristol. 8 Bristol, 1803 56,863 17,541 49,841,691 FAIL JtlVER. ' 1 ' W'ds 1,2.3,4,6 9 Bristol, ! 1 W'ds 5, 7,8.9 TOWN'S AND CITIES UF MASSACHUSETTS. 703 5 00 CO Towns < 9 H bl < s as u 55 populati Census i g s > AND Cities. ^5 a m u £5 5 h G 1686 2,520 77' 4,198,684 FALMOUTH. I 1 Cape. 1 Barnstable. 1764 15.375 6,367 14,810,768 FiTrnnuRO. 11 7 4 Worcester. 15 Worcester. 1805 487 137 176,465 FLORIDA, 12 8 Berkshire. 1 Berkshire. 1778 2,814 772 1,447,803 FOXBOROUGH. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 8 Norfolk. 1700 8,275 2,828 7,504,500 FRAMINGHAM. 9 6 4 Middlesex. 28 Middlesex. 1778 3,983 1,124 2,246,035 FRANKLIN. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 8 Norfolk. 1863 I.4S7 370 860,965 FREETOWN. I I 3 Bristol. 4 Bristol. 1785 7,283 2,384 4,017.422 GARDNER. II 7 Wore. & Hamp 2 Worcester. 1870 186 29 20.983 GAY HEAD. 1 I Cape. 1 Dukes. 1838 2,299 598 1,022,195 GEORGETOWN. 7 5 5 Essex. 7 Essex. 1793 860 223 438,356 GILL. 11 8 Franklin. 3 Franklin. 10 Essex, W'ds 1639 21,713 6,033 '3,393,803 GLOUCESTER. 7 5 3 Essex. ',3,4,5,6,7,8 11 Essex, W'd 2 1 781 336 84 135.823 GOSHEN. 11 8 Berk. & Hamp 2 Hampshire. 1864 122 31 206,565 GOSNOLD. I I Cape. 1 Dukes. 1735 4,498 1,244 2,241,695 GRAFTON. 10 7 2 Worcester. 12 Worcester. 1768 729 20S 452,203 GRANBY. 11 7 Wore. &Hamp 4 Hampshire. 1754 I, '93 298 350,548 GRANVILLE. 12 8 2 Hampden. 1 Hampden. 1761 4,471 1,247 3.170,593 GT. BARRINGTON. 12 8 Berk. .S: Hamp 6 Berkshire. '753 4,869 1,445 4,781,287 GREENFIELD. 11 8 Franklin. 1 Franklin. '754 532 '58 265,253 GREENWICH. 11 7 Wore. ,& Hamp 5 Hampshire. '655 1,987 53S 2,9=7,037 GROTON. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 31 Middlesex. 1S50 2,272 575 900.657 GROVELAND. 7 5 5 Essex. 7 Essex. 1661 1,747 448 9S3.580 HADLEY. 11 7 Wore. & Hamp 3 Hampshire. '734 530 142 251,228 HALIFAX. 2 1 2 Plymouth. 8 Plymouth. 1792 850 251 800,815 HAMILTON. 7 5 3 Essex. 9 Essex. 1S78 868 215 4'3.=07 HAMPDEN. 12 8 2 Hampden. 9 Hampden. 1776 6.3 361,109 HANCOCK. 12 8 Berkshire. 3 Berkshire. 1727 1,966 576 1,146.980 HANOVER. 2 I I Plymouth. 5 Plymouth. 1820 1,227 396 592,557 HANSON. 2 1 I Plymouih. 3 Plymouth. 1738 3,145 758 1,368,823 HARDWICK. 10 7 Wore. & Hamp 3 Worcester. 1732 1,184 333 947.096 HARVARD. 8 7 2 Worcester. 13 Worcester. 1694 2,783 789 ',oii,57S HARWICH. 1 I Cape. 2 Barnstable. 1670 1,367 369 935,242 HATFIELD. 11 8 Berk. & Hamp 3 Hampshire. 2 Essex, 1645 21,795 6,878 - 17,166,392 HAVERUILL. 7 5 4 Essex. W'ds 1, 2,4, 6 3 Essex, W'ds 3, s 1792 545 157 149,979 HAWLEY. 11 8 Franklin. Franklin. '7S5 568 149 170. '39 HEATH. 11 8 Franklin. Franklin. ■63s 4.375 1,160 3,666,060 HINGHAM. 2 1 1 Plymouth. 4 Plymouth. 1804 1,656 470 719.297 HINSDALE. 12 8 Berkshire. 3 Berkshire. 1872 2,334 699 1,075,640 HOLBROOK. 2 2 1 Norfolk. 6 Norfolk. 1740 2,470 678 1,060,395 HOLDEN. 10 7 4 Worcester. 4 Worcester. J 78s 229 53 9S.502 HOLLAND. 10 8 1 Hampden. 10 Hampden. 1724 2,926 754 1,585^093 HOLLISTON. 9 6 4 Middlesex. 1 28 iMiddlesex. 3 Hampden. 1850 27,894 8,053 21,195,950 UOIjYOKE. XI 8 2 Hampden. -J 1 W'ds 6,7 4 Hampden, W'ds 1,2,3,4,5 1886 381 1,124,228 HOPEDALE. 9 7 2 Worcester. 11 Worcester. IT'S 3,922 1,107 2,222,035 HOPKINTON. 9 6 4 Middlesex. 27 Middlesex. 1767 1,303 398 7".4SO HUBBARDSTON. 11 7 Wore. & Hamp 4 Worcester. 1866 3,968 1,328 2,281.770 HUDSON. 9 6 5 Middlesex. 29 .Middlesex. 1644 45' 210 2,358,031 HULL. 2 I I Plymouth. 4 Plymouth. 1773 1,267 355 483,S'5 HUNTINGTON. 11 8 Berk. & Hamp 2 Hampshire. 1868 8,400 2,45' 7, '20,543 HYDE PARK. 9 2 I Norfolk. 3 Norfolk. 1634 4,207 937 2,328,898 IPSWICH. 7 5 T, Essex. 9 Essex. 1726 1,570 479 1,758,216 KINGSTON. 2 I 1 Plymouth. 2 Plymouth. 1853 980 255 45',8,;4 LAKEVILLE. I I 2 Plymouth. 8 Plymouth. 1653 2,050 509 2,715,096 LANCASTER. 8 7 4 Worcester. 13 Worcester. 176s 1,212 304 547,548 LANESBOROUGH. 12 8 Berkshire. f 3 Berkshire. 4 Essex, 1847 38,845 11,130 29,640,947 LA WREXCE. 8 6 6 Essex. W'ds 1, 2, 3 5 Essex, W'ds 4, 5, 6 1 ■777 4,274 954 1,978,138 LEE. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp 5 Berkshire. '713 2,923 864 1,945,423 LEICESTER. 10 7 3 Worcester. 6 Worcester. 1767 2,154 605 2,729,318 LENOX. 12 8 Berkshire. 3 Berkshire. 1740 5,297 2,118 4,253,045 LEOMINSTER. II 7 4 Worcester. 14 Worcester. 1774 779 227 279,275 LEVERETT. " 8 Franklin. 4 Franklin. 1712 2,718 863 3,193,052 LEXINGTON. 5 3 2 Middlesex. ig Middlesex. 704 TOWNS AM) CITIES OF MASSACHUSETTS. a Li 2 §8 tf) 5 Towns J < 1 2 ^ > X £, .1; y) J 3 P '■f. AND X k 2 X 3 2 X C/} ' D to < y) S 2 'J 0. Z td ^ U - Cities. go 6 55 ^ J 809 447 95 ■75,966 LEYDEN. II 1 8 Franklin. 5 Franklin. 1754 901 299 i,3S5,:oo LINCOLN. 9 3 2 Middlesex. 19 Middlesex. 1714 1,067 297 76S, 770 LITTLETON 8 6 5 Middlesex. 30 Middlesex. 1783 1,677 852 1,042,385 LONGMEADOW. 12 8 2 Hampden. 9 Hampden. 21 Middlesex, W'd I 22 Middlesex, W'd 2 1826 64,051 18,975 59,742,419 1,0 n JELL. 8 6 7 Middlesex. - 23 Middlesex. W'd 3 24 Middlesex. W'ds 4, 5 25 Middlesex, W'd 6 1774 1,649 400 848 939 LUDLOW. 12 8 2 Hampden. 10 Hampden. 1728 1,071 297 682,291 LUNENBURG. 8 7 4 M'orcester. f r Essex, ' \Vds2,3,4,5! 5 Essex, 1 W'ds 1, 6, 7 14 Worcester. 17 Essex, W'ds 2, 3 iS Essex,W'd4 1637 45,S6i 16,077 40,024,867 JyTKX. 6 5- 19 Essex, W'ds 1, 5 20 Essex, 1 W'ds 6, 7 1782 766 207 558,219 LYNNFIELD. 7 5 S Essex. ig Essex. 1649 16,407 6,085 16,133,538 MALDJJX. 6 6 6 Middlesex. 9 Middlesex. 1645 i,t,j8 453 7,101,601 MANCHESTER. 7 5 3 Essex. 10 Essex, 1770 2,9J9 907 1,453,622 MANSFIELD. 2 2 1 Bristol. 2 Bristol, 1649 7,5 '8 2,387 4,609,752 MARBLEHEAD. 7 5 2 Essex. 16 Essex, 1852 965 226 837,390 MARION. 1 I 2 Plymouth. 7 Plymouth. 1660 10,941 3.553 5,474,090 MARLBOROUGH. 9 6 4 Middlesex. 29 Middlesex. 1640 1,649 493 1,098,900 MARSHFIELD. 2 1 1 Plymoutli. 2 r^lymouth. 1870 3" 8[ 159,920 MASHPEE. I I Cape. I Barnstable. 1857 1,215 3'6 1,544,124 MATTAPOISETT. 1 I 2 Plymouth. 7 Plymouth. 187 1 2,703 73" 1,950,373 MAYNARD. 9 6 4 Middlesex. 30 .Middlesex, 1651 1,594 444 1,196,061 MEDFIELD. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 9 .Norfolk, 1630 9,041 2,878 9279.715 MEDFORD. 6 3 I Middlesex. 8 Middlesex. 171J 2,777 788 1,315.345 MEDWAY. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 8 Norfolk. 1S50 6,101 2,195 6,435,620 MELROSE. 6 6 6 Middlesex. II .Middlesex. 1667 945 265 551,524 MENDON. 9 7 2 Worcester. 1 1 Worcester. 1876 2,378 866 1,359,296 MERRIMAC. 7 5 4 Essex. 1 Essex. 1728 4,507 1,178 3,054 920 METHUEN. 8 6 6 Essex. 3 Essex. 1669 5,173 1,658 3,046,366 MIDDLEBOROUGH I I 2 Plymouth. 8 Plymouth. 17S3 513 127 263,975 MIDDLEFIELD. 11 8 Berk. & Hamp 2 Hampshire. 1728 899 267 560, 133 MIDDLETON. 7 5 5 Essex. 22 llssex. 1780 9,313 2,561 4,844,411 MILFORD, 9 7 2 Worcester. 1 1 \\'orce5ter. 1813 4,555 I, '39 1,997,868 MILLBURY. 10 7 3 Worcester. 9 Worcester. 1885 6S3 217 492,775 MILLIS. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 9 Norfolk. 1662 3,555 974 13,521,433 MILTON. 3 2 1 Norfolk. 4 Norfolk. 1822 176 109 77,349 MONROE. 11 8 Franklin. 5 l.'ranklin. 1763 3.958 S75 1 , 769, 206 MONSON. 12 8 I Hampden. 9 Hampden. 1753 5,628 i,6;6 3,256,097 MONTAGUE. 11 8 Franklin. 3 Franklin. 1847 571 137 221,638 MONTEREY. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp 7 Berkshire. 1780 278 94 147,335 MONTGOMERY. 12 8 2 Hampden. 2 Hampden. 1779 160 45 78,512 MX. WASHINGTON. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp 7 Berkshire. 1853 637 187 . 4,583,149 NAHANT. 6 5 I Essex. iS Essex. 16S7 3,143 889 2,908,319 NANTUCKET. I I Cape. Nantucket. 1762 8,460 2,625 5,314,300 NATICK. 9 6 4 Middlesex. 26 Middlesex. 1711 2,586 842 2,193,411 NEEDHAM. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 9 Norfolk. 1781 163 46 81,150 NE\V ASHFORD. J2 8 Berkshire. I Berkshire. 5 Bristol, 1787 33,393 9,972 34,647,666 XEir TIEDFORD. 1 I 3 Bristol. \\''ds 1, 2, 3 6 Bristol, W'ds 4, 5,6 1751 558 161 452,55s NEW BRAINTREE. 2 ■ 7 Wor. & Hamp 5 W^orcester. 1635 ',590 370 964,046 NEWBURY. 7 5 3 Essex 3 Essex, 8 Essex. 1764 13,716 3,938 9,221,070 XE WJS UIl IPO It T. 7 s] W'ds 1, 2. 4 Essex. W'ds3,4, 5,6,7 8 Essex. '759 1,661 348 618,183 NEW MARLBORO'. 12 8 Berk. & HampS| 7 Berkshire. I7S3 832 223 289,970 NEW SALEM. 11 S Franklin. 2 I-Vanklin. 168S 19,759 6,185 34,654,672 XEWTOy. 9 3 2 Middlesex. 17 Middlesex. 1870 825 249 481,893 NORFOLK. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 8 Norfolk. 1878 12,540 3.856 5.883,647 NORTH ADAMS. 12 8 Berkshire. | 1 Berkshire. TOWNS AND CITIES OF MASSACHUSETTS. 705 a a i f 2 Towns < h < C > < 2" s u J u 5 b ■- u X u IT. — g X u X. 3 2 w su u < J < > AND Cities. u s 6° It u - KG a. OS 1654 12,896 3.455 9.494.493 nOHTflAMl'TON. II 8 Berk. & Hamp I Hampshire. 1855 3.425 972 2,460,896 N. ANDOVER. 8 5 5 Essex. 6 Essex. 1.6/5 3.702.359 N. ATTLEBOROUGH 2 2 I Bristol. I Bristol. 1766 1.853 527 1,267,354 NORTHBOROUGH. 9 7 2 Worcester. [2 Worcester. 1772 3.785 1,182 2,134.315 NORTHBRIDGE. 10 7 2 Worcester. 10 Worcester. 1812 4,201 1,218 1.932,935 N. BROOKFIELD. 10 7 3 Worcester. 5 Worcester. 1713 1. 70s 437 764,710 NORTHFIELD. 11 8 Franklin. 3 Franklin. 1853 878 230 503.400 N. READING. 8 6 6 JIiddlese.x. 20 Middlesex. I7II 1,718 392 785.775 NORTON. 2 2 I Bristol. 1 Bristol. 1849 1.589 475 876,549 NORWELL. 2 I 1 Plymouth. 3 Plymouth, 1872 2,921 1, 096 2,423,406 NORWOOD. 9 2 2 Norfolk. I Norfolk, 1762 749 208 347.419 OAKHAM. 10 7 Wor. &■ Hamp 5 Worcester. 1810 3.650 1,404 1,974.420 ORANGE. 11 8 Franklin. 2 Franklin. 1797 1,176 343 470,451 ORLEANS. 1 I Cape. 2 Barnstable. 1810 703 180 217.375 OTIS. 12 8 Berk. c*t Hamp 7 Berkshire. I7'3 2.3S5 769 ■.337.034 OXFORD. 10 7 3 Worcester. 8 Worcester. 1752 S.923 1,512 2.577.669 PALMER. 12 8 1 Hampden. 10 Hampden. 1765 561 145 288,781 PAXTON. 10 7 3 Worcester. 4 Worcester. ■855 9.530 2,474 7,094,100 PEABODY. 7 5 5 Essex. 2 1 Essex. 1742 549 126 164,508 PELHAM. 11 7 Wor. & Ham]) 5 Hampshire. 1711 i.3'3 408 645.139 PEMBROKE. 2 1 I Plymouth. 3 Plymouth. '753 2.587 910 1,674,848 PEPPERELL. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 31 Middlesex. J771 368 95 121,066 PERU. 12 8 Berkshire. 3 Berkshire. "75* I,OJ2 290 6oo,g.So PETERSHAM. 11 7 Wor. & Hamp 3 Worcester. 1786 530 150 272,164 PHILLIPSTON. II 7 Wor. & Hamp 1 \\'orcester. 1761 1,446 4,665 9,920,249 PITTSFIELD. 12 8 Berkshire. 4 Berkshire. 1785 453 147 148,992 PLAINFIELD, II 8 Berk. & Hamp 2 Hampshire. 1620 7.239 2,080 5.487.500 PLYMOUTH. 2 1 1 Plymouth. 1 Plymoulli. 1707 600 .67 288,029 PLYMPTON. 2 1 I Plymouth. 2 Ph'mouth. 1822 448 141 172.024 PRESCOTT. II 7 Wor. & Hamp 5 Hampshire. 1771 1.038 292 803,701 PRINCETON. 10 7 4 Worcester. 4 Worcester. 17"7 4,480 1.356 2,265.208 PROVINCETOWN. 1 I Cape. 3 Barnstable. 1792 12,144 4.310 12,319.245 OVISCT. 2 2 I Norfolk. 5 Norfolk. 1793 3.807 1.183 2,03-5,060 RANDOLPH. 2 2 I Norfolk. 7 Norfolk. 1731 1.535 361 832,869 RAYNHAM. 2 2 1 Bristol. 2 Bristol. 1644 3.539 959 2,630,827 READING. 6 6 6 .Middlesex. 14 Middlesex. 1645 1,788 460 733.810 REHOBOTH. I I 2 Bristol. 10 Bristol. 1848 3.637 1.342 4,078,605 REVERE. 6 3 I Suffolk. 27 Suffolk. 1765 854 216 482.828 RICHMOND. 12 8 Berkshire. 3 Berkshire. 1686 1,021 221 476, 100 ROCHESTER. I 1 2 Plymouth. 7 Plymouth. 1S74 4.784 1,601 2.503.361 ROCKLAND. 2 1 1 Plymouth. 5 Plymouth. 1840 3,888 1,226 2,073,253 ROCKPORT. 7 5 3 Essex. 1 c Essex. 178s 582 194 199.951 ROWE. II 8 Franklin. S Franklin. 1639 1.183 385 575.940 ROWLEY. 7 5 3 Essex. 9 Essex. 1765 1. 153 347 623.161 ROYALSTON. 11 8 Franklin. I Worcester. 1792 847 209 452.570 RUSSELL. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp 2 Hampden. 1713 963 308 484.963 RUTLAND. 10 7 W^or. & Hamp 3 A\'orcester. 13 Essex, Wds I, 2 1629 28,084 8,331 26.055.551 SAZE3I. 7 5 2 Essex. ^ 14 Essex, Wds 3, 5 15 Essex, W'ds 4, 6 1640 4,840 302 550.275 SALISBURY. 7 5 4 Essex. I Essex. 1762 1,019 232 386,581 SANDISFIELD. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp 7 Berkshire. 1639 2,124 464 898,350 SANDWICH. 1 I Cape. I Barnstable. 181S 2,855 971 2,390,861 SAUGUS. 6 5 5 Essex. 20 Essex. 1797 691 174 176,104 SAVOY. 12 8 Berkshire. 2 Berkshire. 1636 2,350 643 1,865,710 SCITUATE. 2 1 I Plymouth. 3 Plymouth. 1812 1.295 320 811,900 SEEKONK. 1 2 1 Bristol. 1 Bristol. 1765 J. 328 378 1,121.641 SHARON. 2 2 2 Norfolk. 7 Norfolk. "733 2,033 483 goo. 060 SHEFFIELD. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp 7 Berkshire. 1768 1,614 428 896,660 SHELBURNE. II 8 Franklin. 1 Franklin. 1674 1.39' 317 858,2^^ SHERBORN. 9 6 4 Middlesex. 28 Middlesex. 1753 1,242 329 667.656 SHIRLEY. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 32 Middlesex. 1727 1,450 413 1.076.700 SHREWSBURY. 10 7 2 Worcester. 12 \\'orcester. 1 761 485 119 154.189 SHUTESBURY. 11 8 Franklin. 2 Franklin. 1790 2.475 612 1.012,433 SOMERSET. I 1 2 Bristol. 10 Bristol. 5 Middlesex. A\-ard i . 1842 29,992 10,122 30,004,600 SOMKIiVTLLE. 5 3 I Middlesex. • 1 1 6 Middlesex. Ward 2. 7 Middlesex, Wards 3. 4. 7o6 TOWNS AND CITIES OF MASSACHUSETTS. OS g X c u z Population. Census 18S5. 2 C H < < > Towns AND Cities. li u 6° .4 h 1753 1.025 273 491,991 SOUTHAMPTON. II 8 Berk. & Hamp I Hampshire. 1727 2,100 637 1,453.895 SOUTHBOROUGH. 9 7 2 Worcester. 12 Worcester. 1816 6,501 1.588 3,217,294 SOUTHBRIDGE. 10 7 3 Worcester. 7 Worcester. 1753 3.949 1,127 1,800,519 SOUTH HADLEY. II 7 Wore. & Hamp 3 Hampshire. 1770 982 271 555.643 SOUTHWICK. 12 8 2 Hampden. I Hampden. 1753 8,247 2,029 4,065,516 SPENCER. 10 7 3 Worcester. 6 Worcester. 6 Hampden, Wards I, 4, 8. 1636 37.577 12,126 42,073,575 SPRINGFIELD. 12 8 I Hampden. ' 7 Hampden, Ward 5. 8 Hampden, Wards 2. ■^, 6, 7. I78I 1. 331 375 882,762 STERLING. 10 7 4 W^orcester. 13 Worcester. 1739 2. 113 5'2 2.695,832 STOCKBRIDGE. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp 5 Berkshire. 172s S.652 1,721 3.281,950 STONEHAM. 6 6 6 Middlesex. 12 Middlesex. 1726 5.183 1.347 2,196,906 STOUGHTON. 2 2 2 Norfolk. 7 Norfolk. 1683 976 279 846,177 STOW. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 30 Middlesex. 173* 1,981 480 986,814 STURBRIDGE. 10 7 3 Worcester. 5 Worcester. 1629 1,165 378 1,126,235 SUDBURY. 9 6 4 Middlesex. 29 Middlesex. 1714 700 210 416,284 SUNDERLAND. 11 8 Franklin. 4 Franklin. 1715 3,ioi 688 1,312,482 SUTTON. 10 7 3 Worcester. 9 Worcester. 1852 2,471 700 4,038,732 SWAMPSCOTT. 6 5 I Essex, 17 Essex. 1667 1,403 399 732,950 SWANSEA. 5 I 2 Bristol. 10 Biisiol. 1639 23.674 6,708 17,391,576 TA VXTON. 2 2 I Bristol. 3 Bristol. 1762 2,627 880 1,115,871 TEMPLETON. II 7 Wore. & Hamp 2 Worcester. 1732 2.323 436 1,304,198 TEWKSBURY. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 20 Middlesex. 1671 1. 54' 426 810,460 TISBURY. I I Cape. I Dukes. I8I0 422 96 166, III TOLLAND. 12 8 2 Hampden. I Hampden. 1650 I,T4I 27s 1.069,555 TOPSFIELD. 7 5 3 Essex. 7 Essex. 1732 1,846 518 992,841 TOWNSEND. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 32 Middlesex. 1709 972 272 327.925 TRURO. I I Cape. 3 Barnstable. 1789 604 191 357.189 TYNGSBOROUGH. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 24 Middlesex. 1762 457 "3 228,111 TYRINGHAM. 12 8 Berk. & Hamp 7 Berkshire. 1735 2.265 550 885,729 UPTON. 10 7 2 Worcester. ro Worcester. 1727 2,948 920 2,020,620 UXBRIDGE. 10 7 2 Worcester. 10 Worcester. I8I2 6,060 1,945 4,482,545 WAKEFIELD. 6 6 6 Middlesex. 13 Middlesex. 1762 853 224 293.550 WALES. 10 8 1 Hampden. 9 Hampden. 1724 2.443 766 1,831.423 WALPOLE. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 7 Norfolk. 1737 14,609 5.014 13,958,830 WALTIIAJl. 5 3 2 Middlesex. 18 .Middlesex. I76I 6,003 i,5'9 3.663,541 WARE. II 7 Wore. & Hamp 5 Hampshire. 1739 3.254 679 1,611,105 WAREHAM. I I 2 Plymouth. 7 Plymouth. I74I 4,03' 1,271 2,370,628 WARREN. 10 7 3 Worcester. 5 Worcester. ^793 1777 662 169 276,575 WARWICK. II 8 Franklin. 2 Franklin. 470 124 203,030 WASHINGTON. 12 8 Berkshire. 3 Berkshire. 1630 6.238 1,912 7,038,503 WATERTOWN. 5 3 2 Middlesex. 16 Middlesex. 1780 1,946 612 1,477,565 WAYLAND, 9 6 4 Middlesex. 28 Middlesex. 1832 6,220 1. 741 2,485,965 WEBSTER. 10 7 3 ^\■orcester. 8 Worcester. 1S81 3.013 760 5,677.587 WELLESLEY. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 9 Norfolk. 1763 1,637 386 616,016 WELLFLEET. I Cape. 3 Barnstable. 1781 509 151 218,837 WENDELL. II 8 Franklin. 3 Franklin. 1643 871 254 549.225 WENHAM. 7 5 5 Essex. 9 Essex. 1717 1808 4,880 1,384 2,616,098 WESTBOROUGH. 9 7 2 Worcester. 12 Worcester. 2.927 669 1,174.610 WEST BOYLSTON. 10 7 4 Worcester. 13 Worcester. 1822 1,707 468 993,845 W. BRIDGEWATER. 2 1 2 Plymouth. 9 Plymouth 1848 1.747 455 790.376 W. BROOKFIELD. 10 7 3 Worcester. 5 Worcester. 1669 8,961 2.734 6.749.542 WESTFIELD. 12 8 2 Hampden. 2 Hampden. 1729 2,193 528 1,074.750 WESTFORD. 8 6 5 Middlesex. 3[ Middlesex. 1778 541 128 252,198 WESTHAMPTON. II 8 Berk. &Hamps 2 Hampshire. 1770 1,556 471 767,622 WESTMINSTER. II 7 4 Worcester. 4 Worcester. 1820 1,899 521 925,023 WEST NEWBURY. 7 5 3 Essex. I Essex. 1712 1,427 496 2,191,080 WESTON. 9 6 4 Middlesex. 18 Middlesex. 17S7 2,706 752 1,255,300 WESTPORT. I 1 3 Bristol. 7 Bristol. 1774 4.448 1,286 3,359,667 W. SPRINGFIELD. 12 8 2 Hampden. 2 Hampden. 1774 1.648 436 652,047 W. STOCKBRIDGE. 12 8 Berk. .S: Hamps 6 Berkshire. 1635 10,740 3.049 6.074,185 WEYMOUTH. 2 2 I Norfolk. 5 Norfolk. 1771 999 249 395.295 WHATELY. II 8 Franklin. 4 Franklin. 1875 3.595 1.365 2,946,400 WHITMAN. 2 I I Plymouth. 6 Plymouth. 1763 1.724 440 761,201 WILBRAHAM. 12 8 I Hampden. 9 Hampden. 1771 2.044 497 882,767 WILLI AMSBURGH. II S Beik.& Hamps 3 Hampshire. 1763 3.729 877 2,076.264 WILLIAMSTOWN. 12 8 Berkshire. 1 Berkshire. 1730 991 318 656,705 WILMINGTON. 8 6 6 Middlesex. 20 Middlesex. 1764 3.872 1,224 2,016.677 WINCHENDON. II 8 Franklin. 2 Worcester. 1850 4.390 1,260 4,503,292 WINCHESTER. 6 3 I Middlesex. 15 Middlesex. 1771 657 170 207.047 WINDSOR. 12 8 Berkshire. 3 Berkshire. TOWNS AND riTIKS OK M ASS.\CHUS?rrTS. 707 G § ^ . 1 Towns < 5 •• 9 ^ < t; ! H .' tfj ? ^ J u K ^ f-' 0: £ U < en n. a w Oh U .\S11 Cities. a. \r. 52 IS S 25 6 3 ci 1852 1.370 6S4 3,278,465 WINTHROP. [ Suffolk. 27 Suffolk. 1642 11,750 3.725 8,692,463 »OJ{ UllN. 5 6 5 Middlesex. 14 Middlesex. 16 Worcester, W'd I 17 Worcester, W'd 2 iS Worcester, 1684 68,383 23,228 69.352,101 WORCESTER. 10 7- I Worcester, Wards 1,4, 5, 6, 7, 8. 4 Worcester, Wards 2, 3. W'd 3 19 Worcester, W'd 4 20 Worcester, W'd 5 21 Worcester, W'd 6 22 Worcester, 1 W'd 7 23 Worcester, 1 W'd 8 1768 763 206 3' 1,957 WORTHINGTOM. II 8 Berk. & Hamps 2 Hampshire. lb?-? 2,710 705 1,351,133 WRENTHAM. 9 2 2 Norfolk. 8 Norfolk. 1639 1,856 535 1,607,098 YARMOUTH. I I Cape. I Barnstable. 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