F 01:1^^. ^. c^oi:-.^ ,^ 9^ ° -I// «s \w * ^> ^. iH ' 4> 0^ ° Www Q^ o WmW ■CO- <5^ o WWvw -cC^ ■"^^ o^ * -•■^-^ A^ <^^ ^ &? ^ : %<^^ .^ ■CO- Q<\ c %v/^^ w -cO- Q<\ Q., ^/ ■&/> '^V 0. Q^ s^".' r„ ^K, ^^^ ^ ^^ ^< "^^0^ 0^ V •'/ <3^ ' Q> ^^^ °^ o ^ ^ / % ^^ ^"/^^ ^""^ii^vS ^°^ii^'^% ^""^^^^^-S ^0"^ p °^ 6 O^ a ^V^ ^O. 'o. y-^ lU Sj " VI. Jan., 189S. Lea'iiiis .American Industries. — Products of the Soil. ^^ S it ^T-Tr T.i.^u (( ir<.^«w, rT:..,4. . o^«i^^ 'Xo. I. Auar., '■ II. Sept., " ■ III. Oct. •• IV. Nov., ■' yi. .Jan., " YII. Feb., ■■ VIII. March, • IX. April, '■ X. May, ■■ XL June, '^ XII. July, -Xo. I. Aug., '• II. Sept., '• III. Oct., •■ 'IV. Nov., " V. Dec, '■ VI. Jan., '■■ VII. Feb., '.'■ VIII. March, " IX. April, " X-; May, '■■ XI. June, '■ XII. July, No, I. Au?., " II. Sept., •' III. Oct., " IV. Nov., " V. Dec, " VI. Jan.. " VII. Feb., " VIII. March, ■' IX. . April, - " X. May, " XI. June, '■ XII. July, No. I. Au?., " 11. Sept., •' III. Oct , " IV. Nov., " V. Dec, " VI. Jan., " VII. Feb., " VIII. March, " IX. April, " X. May, " XI. June, -" XII. July, No. I. Aug., " II. Sept., " III. Oct., " IV. Nov. Cook's Nature Myths and Stories, l-^nstgn's U. S. History Outlines; Hurton's Outlines of English Gramipar. Nelson's Outlines of Elemeiitarv Science. less Stories, Supplementary Reading, of Hiawiitha, Teacher's Edition. Si ■' yi. Jan., 139,"). NamelB'^ ;<; " VII. Feb., " Study. Norse Gods and Heroes. O I '' IX. April, " Castle's Entertainments No, 1, > I '■ X. Majs " Introductory Guide to Nature Study. Walks and Talks, by William llawley Smith. Helper in School Eutertaiuments. Fables and Fact Stories. Cat Tails and-Other Tales. Three Littie Lovers of Nature. Castles Entertainments No. 2. _ Legends of the Red IMan.'s- Forest, gj '■ VI. Jan.,' 189S. Victor in Uuzzland, Natural Hisl,ory. 3] " VII. Feb., " Taylor's Literary Work in the Schoolroom. J " VIII. March, '• Stoi'ies from American Historj', Ellis. 9 I " IX. April, •' Pritchard's Choice Dialogues. ' , ' " Nature and History Stories, " AVays, Methods and Devices of 1.000 Prominent Teachers. " Epo^s in American Hlstorj', Ellis. 1890, Scientific Temperance Manual. " Leading. Arhericau Industries, — Minerals. " Lewis' History Outlines. " Our Gold Mine, — Sequel to Black Beauty, gj I •■ V. i)ec, " Strike at Shanes, gj " VI, Jan., 1897. History of My Friends, or Home Life with Animals. • 3*i " VII, Feb., " Lives of the -Presidents.— Ellis. J I " VIII. March, " Select Stories.— Bass. 5 ■' IX. April,- " Our Friends, the Birds. ■*■ I " X. May, " The Pied Piper and Other Stories enlarged. " Talks about Common Things. — McLeod. " Wallbauk's .Outline.^ 9,nd Exercises iu English Grammar 1897. Eberhart's Elements of Entomology. " Graded Instructions in Drawing. '' Fables and Tales.— Roeheleau. - " Helps in Teaching Little Ones. Christmas Gems. — Recitations for Christmas. ICarly History Series. BlocIvS With Which We Build. Supplementary Reading. " Pritchard's Choice, Dialogues. " Aunt Martha's Corner Cupboard. " , Black Beauty. A Term's Work -oh Longfellow, VOLUME 5. 1898. Outlines and Topics of English History. ." Cortez, Montezuma and Mexico. By Bess MitchelL " Outlines for Advanced Grades in IT. S. History. " The Story of Lafayette, Subscription Pfice, $2.00 per Volume. Any number 25c. A. rUANAGAN, Publisher, 267 Wabash Ave., Chicago. FRONTISPIECK THE STORY OF LAFAYETTE MARGARET JANE CODD. Chicago: A. Flanagan, Pubijsher. 17 163 Copyrighted 1S9S BY A. FIvANAGAN. C"d COPV, 1003, To the CHILDREN OF AMERICA this story of Brave Deeds and a Nobi^e Life is dedicated. J PREFACE. The youthful minds of America gain what little knowledge they possess of I^afayette from the necessarily brief space given him in the ordinary school history; so that to most of them, he is little but a name. We, of the new generation, should not be so forgetful of his services; for to his untiring efforts we are indebted for the help which came from France in our time of need. Without it we could scarcely have hoped to win the glorious victory of Yorktown, and the success of our struggle for independence might have been very doubtful. The story of the brave heart and pure life of Lafayette cannot fail to arouse noble thoughts in the minds of its readers; and the knowledge of his generous efforts to help our land in its days of trouble, must ever prove an incentive to feelings of the purest patriotism. It is hard to condense the story of such a life into this little book, and, through lack of space, much of interest has unavoidably been omitted. It is also difficult to attain to any great degree of originality in such a work; but the compilation has been carefully made from the most reliable sources; and this little volume is given to the public in the hope that, in some small measure, it may help to make the character and services of Lafayette better known to the children of America. Margarejt Jane Codd. CONTENTS. Page. The Boyhood of I^afayette 10 Life at Court 14 Lafayette at the Age of Sixteen 15 Lafayette's Interest in Our Struggle for Freedom .... 16 Departure for America 19 Lafayette in the New World 21 Lafayette in Philadelphia 23 Brandy wine — September 11, 1777 24 Valley Forge— 1777-' 78 28 Failure of the Expedition to Canada — 1778 31 Among the Indians 33 Barren Hill 35 Assistance from France 36 Lafayette Returns to France — 1 779 39 Lafayette Returns to America 43 The Treason of Benedict Arnold 44 Lafayette's New Command 47 The Closing Days of the War 49 Lafayette's Return to France 52 Lafayette Again Visits America 55 Lafayette in Europe 60 The French Revolution 63 Attempt to Escape and Capture of Lafayette 65 Lafayette's Friends Attempt His Rescue- • • 68 Madame De Lafayette 71 Together in Prison 74 Release 76 8 CONTENTS. Lafayette as the Nation's Guest — His Reception in New York 79 Lafayette in Boston 82 Lafayette's Visit to Connecticut 85 New York Re- visited 88 Visits to Other Places 90 Lafayette at Mt. Vernon 92 The Celebration at Yorktown 93 Congress Receives the Nation's Guest 94 Tours in the West and South 97 The Closing Days of the Visit of Lafayette 98 Homeward Bound 100 La Grange 102 Other Public Services of Lafayette 107 The Death and Burial of Lafayette 109 THE STORY OF LAFAYETTE. The Boyhood of Lafayette. The children of America celebrate " Lafayette Day^' in memory of a brave yonng Frenchman, who came across the ocean to help us in our first battles for freedom. He was born on September 6th, 1757, at the castle of Chavaniac,^ in Auvergne, France. Look at the map of France and it may help you to remember the place. Though his father was not wealthy, the castle where he lived was a beautiful place. It was built on a hill commanding a fine view of the surrounding country; at the foot of the hill flowed a little stream, and fine trees dotted the slopes. For more than three hundred years his ances- tors had done brave deeds for their country, France, and in the castle were many banners and swords, which had come from the battles in which they had fought. Do you think little Lafayette ever played soldier in the great castle? (1) Note. — Sometimes written Chavaguac. 10 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 11 His father, Marquis de Lafayette, was a colonel of grenadiers and was killed in tlie battle of xMinden. Soon after this Lafayette^ was born,^ and, succeeding to his father's title, became Mar- quis de Lafayette in his stead. Lafayette was a delicate infant, giving little promise of the strong, vigorous constitution which was his in after years; but he had good care from his loving relatives, and the pure breezes, blowing over the hill -tops, brought health and strength to the baby marquis. Little Lafayette had a long name, for, besides his title, they called him Marie Jean Paul Joseph Roche Yves Gilbert du Motier. I wonder how old he was before he could remember it all. When Lafayette was a boy, he took great de- light in listening to tales of glorious deeds ; and he was ever planning that, like the knights of old, he would travel all over the world, rescue the oppressed and acquire great renown. He was brave even as a little child, and when he was only eight years old, he heard people talking of a wild beast which had done great in- jury in the neighborhood. This did not make him afraid ; on the contrary, the hope of meeting it was, for some time, the object of all his daily walks. (') Note. — The French form of the name is La Fayette. (^) Note. — Lafayette's own account 12 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. His mother was Marie Louise Julie de la Riviere, daughter of the wealthy Marquis de la Riviere, She was a good woman and she took care of her boy till he was about twelve years old, then they went to the great city of Paris and she put him in the College du Plessis. Of his college days he says himself, "When I arrived at college, nothing ever interrupted my studies except my ardent wish of studying with- out restraint. I never deserved to be chastised; but, in spite of my usual gentleness, it would have been dangerous to have attempted to do so." At the college he received a good education, and he not only studied the lessons in his books, but also learned to ride and use his sword, and many other things useful in war. There is only one letter preserved of those written before his marriage. This one was sent to his cousin, Mademoiselle de Chavaniac, when he was fourteen years of age. Perhaps you would like to read parts of it. It begins: — ''I have just received, my dear cousin, your letter, and the good account you give me of my grandmother's health. After that, which was what first touched my heart, I was much interested by the account of the hunt of the proprietor of the forests of I^ata. I should like very much to know v/hether those dogs, that neither walk nor bark, contributed to the success of the expedi- tion. The details of that hunt would have amused me STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 13 very much; if I had been speaking to you of a new- fashioned cap, I should have thought it my duty to have described to you its figure and proportions, with a com- pass in my hand." After discussing some family matters, the let- ter closes : — "Adieu, dear cousin; my respects, if you please, to all the family; M. de Fayon presents his to 3'ou, and I re- main, your obedient servant, Lafayette." Two years after this, his dear mother and his grandfather died, and he came into a very large fortune. t i STORY OF LAFAYETTE. Life at Court. Soon after this, lie left college and became a page to the Queen, Marie Leczinska. This was an age of great luxury for the nobil- ity, and there was excessive extravagance in the dress of the Court. Ladies wore very high heels, long trains and powdered their hair; and the fine gentlemen, besides wearing silk, velvet and lace rufEes, sported immense wigs which were most carefully curled. Louis XV was king at this time, and to his extravagant and tyrannical reign may be attrib- uted much of the anarchy and disorder which followed. While Lafayette was a page, it was his duty to live at the palace and to perform the little tasks which were entrusted-^to his care. There was much to spoil him in the life at Court, but Lafayette was so polite and oblig- ing and his manners were so mild and affable that the Queen was well pleased and, as soon as he was old enough, she had him appointed lieu- tenant in the Royal Musketeers, which was the king's own guard. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 15 Lafayette at the Age of Sixteen. In 1774, when only sixteen years old, Lafayette married a noble French lady — a daughter of the Duke of Ayen, He received a large fortune with her in addition to that which he already pos- sessed, and many in his place would have been content to enjoy the pleasures and luxuries of life at Court; but Lafayette continued in the army, for in those days they thought there was no life so fine as that of a soldier. At this period of his life Lafayette was very distinguished-looking, notwithstanding his deep red hair. His forehead was fine, his eyes were hazel and his mouth and chin were delicate in outline — suggesting beauty rather than strength. His generous and gallant spirit gave an inspir- ing expression to his countenance, in which might be discovered traces of that pride which was his by birthright. He was about five feet eleven inches in height, his manners frank and friendly, his movements light and graceful, and his heart burning with the enthusiasm of youth for freedom and the rights of man. 16 STORY OP LAFAYETTE. Lafayette's Interest in Our Struggle for Freedom. In 1776, we find him on duty at Metz,and one day lie met at dinner the Duke of Gloucester, a brother of King George III. There he heard of the Declaration of Independence and other stir- ring events which had just occurred in our country. Lafayette became very anxious to go over to help us. He felt great devotion for the prin- ciples of "liberty," as did many other young Frenchmen, and besides they wished to revenge themselves on the Bnglish, who had beaten France in a great war, called The Seven Years' War. France helped the Americans with money, arms and ammunition, but they had to send this help secretly for fear of more trouble with Eng- land. Lafayette made up his mind that this was not enough, and in December, 1776, he met an in- fluential American in Paris, named Silas Deane, who was there for the purpose of obtaining as- sistance for us from the French. He offered his services, but our envoys were so discouraged by our reverses in New Jersey STORY OF LAFAYETTE). 17 that they had little hope, and told him that they were not able to charter a vessel to send him over. Lafayette showed his noble spirit when he re- plied, "Now, then, is precisely the moment to LAFAYETTE OFFERING HIS SERVICES TO FRANKLIN. serve your cause; the more people are discour- aged, the greater utility will result from my departure ; and, if you cannot furnish me with a vessel, I will freight one at my own expense to convey your dispatches and my person to the shores of America." 18 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. Silas Deane now wrote a letter for him to give Congress. In this he told who Lafayette was, and asked for a major-general's commission for him. At this time he was a youth of barely nineteen, but his ardor in the cause more than counter-balanced his lack of experience. Lafayette bought a vessel and proceeded to fit it out with stores which would be of service to the Americans. Though it was a good ship for those times, it was just a plain wooden sailing vessel. What do you think they would have said in those days, if they could have seen our Oregon ? STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 19 Departure for America. Lafayette was obliged to get ready secretly, for the Court, learning of his intention to go to America, ordered his arrest. Having been warned that a government mes- senger had been dispatched after him, Lafayette lost not a moment in setting sail, so that the or- ders of his sovereign did not reach him till the ship arrived at Passage, which was a port in Spain. He returned to Bordeaux to justify his con- duct but was far more afflicted by the grief of his young wife and his friends, than by the displea- sure of the Court. Finally, in disguise, he rejoined his ship, and April 26th, 1777, he set sail for America. You will be interested in the following extract from a letter written on shipboard to his wife, Madame de Lafayette: — On Board The Victory, 7th June. "Whilst defending the liberty I adore, I shall enjoy perfect freedom myself ; I but offer my services to that interesting republic from motives of the purest kind, un- mixed with ambition or private views; her happiness and my glory are my only incentives to the task. I hope that, for my sake, you will become a good Am- erican, for that feeling is worthy of every noble heart. 20 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. The happiness of America is intimately connected with the happiness of all mankind; she will become the safe and respected asylum of virtue, integrity, toleration, equality, and tranquil happiness." Truly, these were prophetic words to have been uttered by the slight stripling of nineteen. How it must have rejoiced his heart to have seen on the occasion of his last visit even a par- tial realization of his vision. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 21 Lafayette in the New World. DeKalb and eleven other foreigners accom- panied him, and after a voyage of seven weeks, they landed at Georgetown, South Carolina. He ascended the river in a canoe, and, when at length he stepped upon American soil, he swore he would conquer or die in the attempt. He landed at midnight at the house of Major Huger. At first the party was taken for mar- auders, but finally understanding who they were, they were welcomed by Major Huger and his family, with whom a friendship was formed which lasted for life. In the morning he awoke charmed with the novelty of all that surrounded him; the mosquito nettings on his bed, the black servants, the lux- uriant southern vegetation — such a pleasant change from his long voyage — all delighted him, and the warm welcome of his hosts served to make him feel completely at home. Proceeding to Charleston, he was there received with the utmost kindness and, accompanied by six officers, set out for Philadelphia. Extract from a letter to Madame de Lafayette: — June 19th, 1777 — Charleston. * * * "I shall now speak to you, my love, about the country and its inhabitants, who are as agreeable as my enthusiasm had led me to imagine. 22 STORY OF LAPAYKTTE;. "Simplicity of manner, kindness of heart, love of coun- try and of liberty, and a delightful state of equality, are met with universally. The richest and the poorest man are completely on a level; and although there are some immense fortunes in this country, I may challenge anyone to point out the slightest difference in their respective manner to- wards each other. I first saw and judged of a country life at Major Huger's house; I am at present in the city, where everything somewhat resembles the English. cus- toms, except that you find more simplicity here than you do in England. "Charleston is one of the best built, handsomest, and most agreeable cities that I have ever seen. "The American women are very pretty, and have great simplicity of character, and the extreme neatness of their appearance is truly delightful; cleanliness is every- where even more studiously attended to here than in England. What gives me most pleasure is to sea how completely the citizens are all brethern of one family." There were no railroads to make travel easy in those days, and they were over a month on the journey, for, to reach Congress, Lafayette was obliged to ride nearly nine hundred miles on horseback. In regard to this trip, Lafayette writes thus jokingly to his wife: — "You know that I set out in a brilliant manner in a carriage, and I must now tell you that we are all on horseback — having broken the carriage, according to my usual praiseworthy custom — and I hope soon to write to you that we have arrived on foot." STORY OF i^apavette;. 23 Lafayette in Philadelphia. Congress was in session at this time, and on his arrival Ivafayette presented the letter from Silas Deane. So many foreigners had applied for commis- sions that Lafayette's reception was rather cool, but nothing daunted he sent Congress the follow- ing note: — "After the sacrifices I have made, I have the right to exact two favors: one is, to serve at my own expense, the other is to serve as a volunteer." The style of this note was so different from that to which they were accustomed, that it aroused attention, and finally, in a very flatter- ing resolution, Congress granted him a commis- sion as major-general. The very next day he met Washington, and they became friends for life. He was invited by the Commander-in-Chief to consider the head- quarters as his home. This kind invitation he accepted in the same spirit in which it was given. He joined Washington's army and served as aide upon the staff; he took his meals at Washing- ton's table, and was loved and treated as though he were Washington's own son. 24 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. Brandy wine—September 11, 1777. Though the Americans were better prepared for skirmishing than for a decisive battle, Wash- ington deferred orders received from Congress, and at a council of war it was decided that the army should proceed to the Brandywine. The ford in the stream was called Chad's ford, and it was there that the Americans awaited the battle. The protection of Philadelphia depended upon the result of the contest. The American forces, though estimated at 15,000, owing to lack of proper food, clothing and shelter, were reduced to less than 11,000 effective men. The British were commanded by Sir William Howe, assisted by Lord Corn wallis. Th eir troops were in fine condition and well armed. They advanced in two divisions, attacking both the right and left wings of the American army. The Americans fought with great valor, but finally were obliged to give way and retreat, and, as a result. Lord Cornwallis entered Phila- delphia, September 26th, 1777, at the head of the British and Hessian forces. It was at this battle, while endeavoring to rally the retreating men, that Lafayette received tr"^'-' \ 23 26 STORY OF LAFAYETT^a. a severe wound in the leg. He had shown the greatest bravery, especiall]/ in the execution of orders, and had exposed himself to the greatest dangers without hesitation; and even after he was wounded, he continued fighting and car- ing for his men. General Washington arriving with fresh troops, Lafayette prepared to join him, but loss of blood compelled him to stop and have his wound bandaged. His faithful aide-de-camp, Gimat, helped him upon his horse ; but it was not till the retreating army reached Chester, a distance of twelve miles, that Lafayette had leis- ure to have his wound dressed. Lafayette was conveyed to Philadelphia. Though in great trouble themselves, the citizens were interested in his extreme youth, and were very kind to him. That same night Congress decided to leave the city, and the patriots were obliged to abandon their possessions, whole families taking refuge in the mountains. Those were, indeed, dark days for our dear country. Finally Lafayette was taken to Bethlehem, where the Moravian brothers nursed him with great kindness for over six weeks. Of the good care he received he speaks most gratefully, in a letter to his wife : — STORY OF i.afaye;tt^. 2? "Be perfectly at ease about my wound; all the faculty in America are engaged in my service. I have a friend who has spoken to them in such a manner, that I am certain of being well attended to ; that friend is General Washington. ' "This excellent man, whose talents and virtue I admired and whom I have learned to revere as I know him better, has now become my intimate friend ; his affectionate in- terest in me instantly won my heart. I am established in his home, and we live together Hke two attached brothers, with mutual confidence and cordiality. "This friendship renders me as happy as I can possibly be in this country. When he sent his best surgeon to me, he told him to take charge of me as if I were his son, because he loved me with the same affection. "Having heard that I wished to rejoin the Army too soon, he wrote me a letter full of tenderness, in which he requested me to attend to the perfect restoration of my health. I give you these details, my dearest love, that you may be quite certain of the care that is taken of me." As soon as he was able to be out, he was fighting again, and, in November, near Glouces- ter Point, with three hundred men, he defeated a superior force of Hessians.* For this great service he was appointed to command a division of Washington's army. He was now in the midst of the struggle and con- ducted all matters assigned to him with good judgment as well as great bravery, and for his efforts in the campaign he received a vote of thanks from Congress. (*NoTii— November J,=ith in a reconnaissance of General Greene against Cornwallis' position at Gloucester Point.) 2S STORY OF LAFAYETTB. Valley Forge— 1777-78. Sharing the joys, he also shared the sorrows of the American forces, and the gloomy days of Valley Forge found him beside Washington. Though used to the luxuries of a Court, he submitted cheerfully to all privations. His heart bled for the suffering soldiers. As he writes: — "They had neither coats, hats, shirts, nor shoes ; their feet and legs froze till they be- came black, and it was often necessary to am- putate them. The Colonels were often reduced to two rations and sometimes even to one. The army frequently remained whole da37S without provisions, and the patient endurance of both soldiers and ofi&cers was a miracle." But the sacred fire of liberty was not extin- guished, and the inspiration of such men as Washington and Lafayette overcame all discour- agements. While he was at Valley Forge, Lafayette's heart was saddened by the news of the death of his little daughter, Henriette. The following extract is from a letter to his wife: — "The loss of our poor child is almost constantly in my thoughts; and whilst my heart was torn by grief, I was STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 29 obliged to receive and take part iu expressions of public joy." But putting aside his private griefs, he con- tinued to give his best efforts for the success of our cause. 30 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. HILT OF LAFAYETTE'S SWORD, STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 31 Failure of the Expedition to Canada— 1778. In January, Congress resolved that an attack should be made upon Canada, and Lafayette was selected to lead the expedition. He accepted the responsibility, but instead of selfishly grasping at the power which was offered him, he made it a condition that he should re- main subordinate to General Washington, and simply be considered as an ofi&cer detached from him. These requests were granted, and he was or- dered to proceed to Montreal and act there as circumstances should require. Traveling in winter presented many hardships in those days, but undeterred by the obstacles of ice and snow, Lafayette set out for Albany and rapidly traveled on horseback over four hundred miles. Resting at night at the various farm houses, he had an opportunity to see the home life of our people. He was charmed with the simplicity of the inhabitants and their purity of character, and he pays in his letters a beautiful tribute to American womanhood. Arriving in Albany, he met with disappoint- ments. Instead of twenty-five hundred men there 32 STORY OF I^AFAYETTE. were not twelve hundred, and supplies of food, clothing and sledges for the journey were all insuificient. A grave responsibility confronted our young general of twenty, which well might have embarrassed older heads. Forced to decisive action, he had the good judgment to renounce the expedition; and though some blamed him at the time, his prudence in the matter was finally recognized, and he re- ceived the thanks of congress and of General Gates, the minister of war. STORY OF I.AFAYBTTE. 33 Among the Indians. War is always a fearful thing, but the atro- cites of that time were almost beyond descrip- tion. The Hurons and Iroquois, most ferocious of the Indian tribes, were encouraged to ravage the whole frontier, and the Americans were ex- posed to all the horrors of savage warfare. Villages were burnt, harvests destroyed, and inhabitants were massacred. Old men and wo- men and even little babes fell beneath the cruel tomahawk. No consideration was shown to either age or sex. Lafayette had not a force sufficiently large to garrison the whole frontier, but he contrived to spread the rumor that troops were to be dis- patched in various directions, and the savages, hearing this, in some measure ceased their de- predations. In his efforts he received able as- sistance from Governor Clinton, who was then governor of the State of New York. Soon after a general assembly of the tribes was called by Schuyler and Duane of Johnstown, on the Mohawk river. Lafayette, desirous of reviving the old friendship which the Indians had felt for the French, proceeded thither in a sledge. 34 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. What a strange scene it must have been! Over five hundred men, women and children were assembled. Their half clothed bodies were decorated with various colored paints; the lobes of their ears were cut and their noses were orna- mented with rings; strings and belts of wampum adorned their persons, and feathers of various kinds were stuck in their coarse, black hair. Lafayette succeeded in his plans, and at the Council he was adopted by them, and received the name of Kayewla. This name had formerly belonged to one of their bravest warriors, and by it Lafayette was known to all the savage tribes. A treaty was entered into, which some at least respected, and a French ofi&cer named Gouviou was left in charge. Lafayette distributed many little gifts, and it was said that "His words and necklaces were equally respected." With the return of spring Lafayette was recalled to the south, where he found affairs with General Washington in a more flourishing condition. The most important event of the winter had been the acknowledgement by France on Feb- ruary 6th, 1778, of American independence. This was largely due to the efforts and letters of the Marquis de Lafayette, who never failed to exert all his personal and family influence in our favor. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 35 Barren Hill. In England, the news of Burgoyne's surren- der had produced great alarm, and fearing for the safety of their army in Philadelphia, General Clinton was ordered to New York. Lafayette was sent with a detachment of two thousand picked men to take his position at a station half way between Philadelphia and Valley Forge. Owing to the retirement of General Porter's division, which was to have guarded Lafayette's left wing, the English were enabled to almost entirely surround his forces. They felt so certain of capturing him that they sent several invitations to an entertainment at which, they said, he would be present; but see- ing the (ganger, he maneuvered so skillfully that he gained the only ford across the Schuylkill river, and passed it in the presence of the enemy without the loss of a single man. The English then returned to Philadelphia, having had their labor for their pains, and were laughed at for their ill-success in the matter. On the 17th of June, the glorious anniversary of Bunker Hill, Philadelphia was evacuated by the British, and the patriots of that city rejoiced in their freedom from the presence of the eneni) . 36 STORY OP LAFAYKTTB. Assistance from France. Twelve French vessels, under the Count d'Bstaing, which had been three months in reach- ing the Delaware, arrived three days after the departure of the English fleet. They followed it to Sandy Hook and anchored outside the bar. This led to difficulties, as they were unable to cross the bar, owing to the large size of their vessels. Finally the French decided to attack Rhode Island, where there was a large force of English and Hessians. By prompt action they might have accom- plished something, but, yielding to the entreaties of Sullivan, they agreed to delay till he had his division in readiness. This proved disastrous, as it gave the English time to add to their fleet. Finally the two squadrons met, but mischance followed, and a violent storm came up which dispersed the ships. At length d'Estaing collected his vessels and, faithful to his promise, appeared before Rhode Island, but he no longer possessed the strongest force and decided to go to Boston. Lafayette was deeply troubled by this ill- fortune, and, in company with General Greene, went on board the ship of the French admiral. ' STORY OF I.AFAYETTE. 37 They tried to induce him to make an immedi- ate attack or to station his vessels in Providence River; but in the council which followed this was deemed inexpedient, and it was decided that the fleet should proceed to Boston. The French admiral offered Lafayette his two battalions, but, feeling that they might be useful on board and unwilling to expose them to un- necessary danger to further his own private in- terests, Lafayette as usual unselfishly declined. At the departure of the vessels great disap- pointment and irritation was felt by the militia. General Sullivan even inserted in a military order, ''Our allies have abandoned us." This, Lafayette, anxious that justice should be done to his countrymen, insisted should be retracted, which was finally done. Still hoping for valuable aid from the fleet, Lafayette was sent to d'Bstaing. Traveling all night, he reached Boston just as d'Bstaing and his of&cers were entering the town. At the conference which followed the admiral proved that his fleet was not powerful enough to hope for success, but offered to march himself at the head of his men. Owing to the unexpected arrival of Eng- lish reinforcements at Rhode Island, the Ameri- cans were compelled to retreat, and Lafayette 38 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. returned just in time to find a detachment of over a thousand men nearly surrounded by the enemy. He undertook the command and succeeded in getting them to a place of safety without the loss of a single man. For this masterly movement he received the thanks of Congress, and soon after rejoined the principal corps of the army at Philadelphia. THE HUDSON RIVER NEAR WEST POINT. STORY OF Lafayette;. 39 Lafayette Returns to France — 1779. Finding that the assistance rendered by France to the United States was likely to involve his nation in war with England, Lafayette decided to return to his native land. It also seemed that he could help the Ameri- cans more at this time by being in Paris. How glad he must have been of a chance to see his young wife again, and the dear friends from whom he had been parted so long. Though he was granted leave of absence by Congress the preceding October owing to severe illness, he did not get away till January 11th, 1779. He sailed from Boston in the American ship "Alliance." She was a good vessel, but sailors being scarce, they were obliged to take a rough crew. These men made a plot to seize the ship and murder all on board except Lafayette. The wretches expected to take him a prisoner to Eng- land, and receive a large reward from the British government. They nearly succeeded in their base design, as Lafayette only received information of the plot about an hour befere the time set for its execu- tion. He seized thirty of the ringleaders and 40 STORY OP LAFAYETT:e. put tbem in irons; then the voyage was contin- ued in safety. He arrived in Paris on February 12th, 1779, and, although only twenty-two years old, he had already written his name high on the roll of fame. In October, 1778, in recognition of Lafayette's services, congress had ordered that a beautiful sword should be presented to him. Upon the sword were represented the places where he had fought, Monmouth, Barren Hill, Gloucester and Rhode Island. America, delivered from her chains, was offering a branch of laurels to a youthful warrior, and there were other symbolic devices. This is Lafayette's own description of the sword which was delivered to him during his visit in Paris, by a grandson of Benjamin Franklin. The estimate which Washington placed upon Lafayette's service is shown in the following letter from General Washington to Benjamin Franklin, American Minister in France. (Ori- ginal.) Phii^ADELPHIA, 28th December, 1778. Sir:— The Marquis de Lafayette, having served with dis- tinction in the army of the United States for two cam- paigns, has been determined by the prospect of an STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 41 European war to return to his native country. It Ls with pleasure that I embrace the opportunity of intro- ducing to your personal acquaintance a gentleman whose merit cannot have left him unknown to you by reputation. The generous motives which first induced him to cross the Atlantic; the tribute which he paid to gallantry at the Brandywine; his success in Jersey, before he had recov- ered from his wound in an affair where he commanded militia against British grenadiers; the brilliant retreat, by which he eluded a combined manoeuvre of the British forces in the last campaign; his services in the enterprise against Rhode Island are such proofs of his zeal, military ardor and talents, as have greatly endeared him to Amer- ica, and must greatly recommend him to his prince. Coming with so many titles to claim your esteem, it were needless, for any other purpose than to indulge my own feelings, to add, that I have a very particular friend- ship for him; and that, whatever services you may have it in your power to render him, will confer an obligation on one who has the honour to be — with the greatest es- teem, regard, and respect, sir. Your obedient servant, George Washington. During his stay in Paris, Lafayette was the tie between France and America, and enjoying the love and confidence of both nations he ex- erted all his powerful influence in favor of our struggling patriots; and he devoted himself to giving a clear idea of the state of affairs in America to the French Court. He succeeded so well that France sent us six 42 STORY OP LAFAYETTE. thousand troops under Count Rochambeau, and Admiral De Ternay with seven ships of the line and a number of frigates set sail for Rhode Island. These forces by Lafayette's request were placed expressly under Washington's comraand. '^^ MOUNT VERNOM.— WHERE WASHINGTON ENTERTAINED LAFAYETTE. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 43 Lafayette's Return to America. All this was kept secret, and Lafayette arrived in Boston on the French frigate, Hermione, be- fore either the Americans or English had knowl- edge of what he had accomplished. He again offered his services to Congress, which were accepted at once in a flattering res- olution. The good news which he brought inspired the nation with new courage. About the middle of June the expected troops arrived at Rhode Island m company with De Ternay and his fleet. This caused great rejoicing, but the American army being unprepared for immediate active operations, nothing decisive occurred for some little time. 44 STORY OF LAFAYETTK. The Treason of Benedict Arnold. But the year 1780 is particularly memorable for the treason of Benedict Arnold. Great as were the bribes offered, he was the only one who could be found willing to sell his country for money. Arnold had fought bravely in former cam- paigns, and having been wounded, was given command of Philadelphia after the British left that city. There he lived beyond his means arid appropriated public money to pay his debts. An investigation having been ordered, he was reprimanded. For this he resolved to have revenge, and being placed, by his own request, in command of West Point, he found there his opportunity. This stronghold he offered to betray to the British, and correspondence in regard to the matter had gone on for some time, but to make more sure of the money, Arnold desired to meet with some English oiBcer and General Clinton sent the ill-fated Andre. Andre and Arnold met about six miles from West Point and exchanged their documents — Andre hiding his in his stockings for greater security. On his way back to camp he was STORY OP LAFAYETTE. 45 captured by three Americans, and upon searching him they found the fatal papers. They conducted him to North Castle, and the commander unsuspectingly wrote to Arnold, telling him of Andre's arrest. This information enabled Arnold to make good his escape to the British lines. Lafayette had been appointed to command the van of Washington's army, and he reached West Point with Washington on the very day on which this treason was discovered; he stood beside Washington when the messenger arrived, bearing the proofs of Arnold's treachery; when Washington had read the documents, it was to Lafayette he turned and exclaimed, "Whom can we trust now?" Lafayette wrote the following letter to his wife, telling of Arnold's treason: On the Hackensack River, October 8th, 1780. You will learn, my dearest love, an important event which has exposed America to the greatest danger. A frightful conspiracy has been planned by the celebrated Arnold: he sold to the English the fort of West Point, which was under his command, consequently the whole navigation of the river; the plot was within an ace of succeeding, and quite as many chances combined together to discover it as in that affair of the Alliance, which I have so often described to you.* *The conspiracy discovered on board the frigate which brought home Marquis de I,afayette iu September, 1779. 46 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. After our journey to Hartford, General Washington passed by West Point, which was not on his road; but he was desirous of showing me the works that had been con- structed since my departure for France. Detained by various accidents upon the road, we arrived at the traitor's house just as he received the letter which announced that he had bee7i discovered. He had not time to intercept these proofs of infamy, and consequently he could only make his escape towards New York half an hour before our arrival. Great sympathy was felt for Andre and La- fayette had the sad task of being one of the board of fourteen generals who condemned him to die as a spy. Andre met his death like a brave man. Arn- old was safe with the British and received the reward of his dishonor in being made a briga- dier-general ; but he was despised even by those who were to have benefited by his treachery. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 47 Lafayette's New Command. Lafayette was now in command of a fine body of some two thousand picked men, and the next few months found him busy fighting and plan- ning to help our country. His troops were good men, but he found they were not well supplied with tents, and many had to spend their nights in the cold air ; their cloth- ing was poor and scanty, and some had neither hats, shirts nor shoes. He could not bear to see the men suffer and so he purchased in Baltimore what they needed, and paid in drafts on France, which he endorsed him- self for greater security. With some of the money thus obtained from the Baltimore merchants, Lafayette bought a quantity of linen ; and Baltimore ladies, whom he met at a ball, offered to make it into shirts for his men. The women, as well as the men, were willing to do what they could to help the glori- ous cause of freedom. After his treachery at West Point, Benedict Arnold was given a command by the English, and at this time was ravaging Virginia. Washington hoped that the Marquis, as he was called, might be able to capture the traitor, 48 STORY OF I, A FAYETTE. and in January, 1781, with twelve hundred men of the regular army, Lafayette marched to the relief of the suffering people of Virginia. The task was difficult and dangerous and the men began to desert. We cannot wonder when we remember that the men were suffering from various diseases brought on by their lack of even the common necessaries of life. To stop the desertions Lafayette issued an order telling them of the dangers of the expedi- tion and saying that those who wished to go away might do so instantly. This reached the hearts of the men, and after that not one would leave him ; in fact, one under officer, who had a sore leg, followed in a hired cart so as not to be left behind. One who had offered his life in our cause would not be likely to withhold his money, and it was proved, that, "By accounts exacted in France, during times of terror and proscription, Lafayette had spent in the service of the American revolution, independent of his income, more than seven hundred thousand francs ($135,- 000) of his capital."* *Note of M. de I,afayette. STORY OF i,afaye;tte. 49 The Closing Days of the War. Our little story would be a large book if we should undertake to tell all that Lafayette did during the next few months. Once Lord Cornwallis pursued him with a force so large that Cornwallis wrote : "The boy can not escape me." But though "the boy" was young, he had an old head on his young shoul- ders, and managed so wisely that he escaped the danger and, crossing the Rapidan, soon had his men in a strong position. The closing days of our struggle for freedom were now at hand. Lord Cornwallis, in com- mand of a strong force, continued his retreat to Yorktown. Lafayette took up his position at Malvern Hill. Washington, with Count Rochambeau and the French forces, reached the head of Chesapeake Bay on September 5th, 1781, the same on which the French fleet under De Grasse had beaten the British fleet and driven them from Virginian waters. Cornwallis was now almost surrounded by Washington's forces on land and the French fleet at the mouth of the river, but there was just a chance that if he heard of Washington's 50 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. movements lie might escape across the James. This, Lafayette sought to prevent, and joined by the troops brought by the French fleet, he took up his stand at Williamsburg across the peninsula. Washington arrived September 14th at Lafay- ette's headquarters and took command. Closer and closer their allied forces surrounded the enemy — escape was impossible, and on the nine- teenth of October Cornwallis surrendered with all his men and our long battle for freedom was won. The terms of the capitulation having been arranged, — "General Lincoln, who had given up his sword to Cornwallis at Charleston, was ap- pointed to receive the surrender of the British Troops. "At about twelve o'clock, the combined army was drawn up in two lines, more than a mile in length — the Americans on the right side of the road, the French on the left. "Washington, mounted on a noble steed and attended by his staff, was in front of the former; the Count de Rochambeau and his suite were in front of the latter. "The French troops, in complete uniform and well equipped, made a brilliant appearance, and had marched to the ground with a band of music playing, which was a novelty in the American STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 51 service. The concourse of spectators from the country seemed equal in number to the military, yet silence and order prevailed. "" * * "The garrison defiled between the two lines, beyond which they formed in order of battle and piled their arms." These are the accounts given by eyewitnesses. No wonder the defeated army felt the deepest mortification, for the heroes of many battles had been beaten by those whom they had always considered their inferiors, but America was henceforth to take a new place in the estimation of the world. Lord Cornwallis could not bear to witness the surrender, and pleading illness, he deputed Gen- eral O'Hara to take his place. Accordingly, General O'Hara, at the head of his men, surren- dered his sword to General Washington. He did not like to give his sword to Washington. When he came up he presented it first to the French general, who, bowing, said that the French army were only auxiliaries, and that it was for the American general to give the orders. We can scarcely realize the joy of our men, and to General Lafayette we can not give too much gratitude, for it was due to his influence and unceasing efforts^ that the help came from France which enabled us to win this decisive victory. 52 STORY OF I.AFAYE;TT:e. Lafayette's Return to France. Lafayette sailed for France again in December. You may like to read a letter which he wrote just before his departure. To GENERAL Washington. ( Original. ) Aliance, off Boston, December 2ist, 1781. My Dear General; — I am sorry to think we are not yet gone, and there still remain some doubts of our going to-morrow. This delay I lament not so much on private accounts as I do on the account of our next campaign, in the planning of which, your opinion, as I shall deliver it, must be of the greatest use to the common cause. As to the department of foreign affairs, I shall be happy to justify the confidence of Congress, by giving my opinion to the best of my power whenever it is asked for; but the affair of finances will, I fear, be a difficult point for the American minister, in which, however, I shall be happy to help him with my utmost exertions. The moment I arrive in France, I will write to you minutely how things stand, and give j'ou the best accounts in my power. I have received every mark of affection in Boston, and am much attached to this town, to which I owe so many obligations; but, from public considerations, I have been impatient \0 leave it and go on board the frigate, where I receive all possible civilities, but where I would rather be under sail than at anchor. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 53 I beg your pardon, my dear general, for giving you so much trouble in reading my scrawls; but we are going to sail, and my last adieu, I must dedicate to my dear gen- eral. I know your heart so well, that I am sure that no distance can alter your attachment to me. With the same candour, I assure you that my love, my respect, my gratitude for 3"OU, are above expression; that at the moment of leaving you, I felt more than ever the strength of those friendly ties that forever bind me to you, and that I anticipate the pleasure, the most wished for pleas- ure, to be again with you, and by my zeal and services to gratify the feelings of my respect and affection. Will 3'ou be pleased to present my compliments and respects to Mrs. Washington, and to remember me to General Knox and General Lincoln. Adieu, my dear General; your respectful and tender friend, Lafayette. He sailed on the same ship "Alliance," whicli had carried him before, but this time he had a peaceful passage, and on landing in France he was greeted with great enthusiasm. Thousands of Frenchmen and Spaniards were collected for a new army, but before the exped- ition was ready came the welcome news of peace. When Lafayette returned to France the king made him field-marshal in the French army. This position corresponded to his rank as Major-general in the American Army. In com- pliment to the victory, his commission was dated from the fall of Yorktown. 54 STORY OF lafayejttb;. Lafayette assisted Benjamin Franklin and our other Commissioners in arranging the terms of the treaty with Great Britain, and sent the swift Frigate "Triumph" to Philadelphia to tell us that the war was over. STORY OF LAFAYBTT^. 55 Lafayette Again Visits America. The next year lie came to visit Washington at Mount Vernon and travelled through the country from Massachusetts to Virginia. Mrs. Washington was very fond of the noble young Frenchman ; he named his young son George Washington. Don't you think that must have sounded strange over in Paris where the other boys all had French names? Lafayette was glad to meet again the soldiers with whom he had fought side by side for free- dom; and they were glad to meet the friend who came so unselfishly from a far land to give us his aid. In addition to delightful visits in the princi- pal cities, where he received every attention that respect and affection could devise, he took part in the deliberations of the allied nations of Indians in regard to a treaty with the United States. It seems hard to realize the great influence which was exerted by this young man, not yet twenty-eight years old. It was felt by all, old and young, rich and poor; the cultured and the savage. He had visited the Indians years before, and 56 STORY OF lafayktte;. now, hoping that the words of Kayewla^ as . the Indians had called him, might be an assistance, the Members of Congress, who were sent to ar- range matters at Fort Schuyler, invited Lafay- ette to go with them. He returned to New York and thence pro- ceeded to Albany. Here the city corporation unanimously voted to give him all the rights of citizenship,''^ and the appropriate documents were presented to him in a golden box. There was also a superb entertainment and suitable addresses. The following extract gives an account of the meeting: — "On the twentieth of September, he embarked on the Hudson, accompanied by numerous individuals who were anxious to witness the approaching ceremony, and pro- ceeded to Fort Schuyler to take part in the talk with the Indians. "He addressed them with his usual eloquence and skill, pointing out the advantages of peace, and the certain de- struction that awaited them if they persisted in ravaging the frontiers. "The words oi Kayewla, for such was the Indian title of Lafayette, were received with satisfaction and grati- tude even by the untutored savage. " 'Father,' replied one of the Mohawk chiefs, 'we have heard thy voice, and we rejoice that thou hast visited thy children to give them good and necessary advice. Thou *NOTE — This was also done in many of the States of the Union. STORY OF T.AFAYST'TK. 57 hast said that we have" done wrong in opening our ears to wicked men, and closing our hearts to thy counsels.' "'Father! it is all true; we have left the good path, we have wandered away from it, and been enveloped in a black cloud. We have now returned that thou mayest find in us good and faithful children.' " 'Father! we rejoice to hear thy voice among us; it seems that the great spirit has directed thy footsteps to this council of friendship, to smoke the calumet of peace and fellowship with thy long lost children.' " Washington and Lafayette after this returned to Mount Vernon — where the days passed all too quickly. Entertainments were given in their honor by the people of the neighboring towns. Lafayette said farewell to Washington at Annapolis, little realizing that they were never to meet on earth again. After their parting, Washington wrote: "In the moment of our separation, and every hour since, I have felt all that love, respect and attachment for you, with which length of years, close connection and your merits have inspired me. "I often asked myself as our carriages separated, whether that was the last sight I should ever have of you; and though I wished to say no, my fears answered yes! "I called to mind the days of my youth, and found they had fled to return no more; that I was now descending the hill I had been fifty years climbing, and that, though I was blessed with a good constitution, I was of a short- lived family, and might soon expect to be entombed in the mansion of my fathers. 58 STORY OF LAFAYE'TT^. "These thoughts darkened the shades and gave a gloom to the picture, and consequently to my prospect of seeing you again." Lafayette arrived at Trenton on the eightli of December, having passed through Baltimore and Philadelphia on his way. Congress was in session at Trenton and he desired to take leave of that body. The next day Congress, in a most complimentary resolu- tion, appointed a committee of one from each state to receive the Marquis in the name of Con- gress, and to take leave of him. Lafayette made a suitable and patriotic reply to the resolution of Congress, among other things saying: "May this immense temple of freedom ever stand a lesson to oppressors, an example to the oppressed, and a sanctuary for the rights of mankind ! And may these happy United States attain that complete splendor and prosperity which will illustrate the blessings of their government, and for ages to come rejoice the departed souls of its founders." Lafayette proceeded northward to New York^ where, after a short stay in that city, he em- barked for France on the frigate La Nymphe, on the twenty-fifth day of December, 1784. The governor of the state, with a large con- course of of&cers and prominent citizens, was there to say "good bye" to our honored guest. STORY OP LAFAYETTE. 59 Lafayette had spent some five montlis in the country and had had a very happy visit with his old commander. Everywhere he received tokens of kindness and respect from a grateful people; then, this pleasure over, he returned to France, where times of great trouble were coming. 60 STORY OF l,AFAYE;TT:e. Lafayette in Europe. Lafayette returned to Paris in January, 1785, and later made visits to the neighboring coun- tries. He was received with honors and enter- tained by many of the leading princes. Strange to say, even old Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, seemed to take a fancy to this young defender of liberty. During his visit at San Souci, Frederick said one day that our re- public could not last, that we would return to the old ways. '^''Never^ sir^ 7iever^'' Lafayette replied; ''''neither fnonarchy nor aristocracy can exist in Ame7'-icay Frederick exerted himself to entertain Lafay- ette, who soon grew to admire, as he says, "the vivacity of the king's wit and the charm of his graciousness." Lafayette writes, "At last I almost forgot he was a despot, selfish and severe. Lord Cornwal- lis was there. The king placed him next me at table, and on his other hand he had the son of the King of England; then he asked a thousand questions on American affairs." Was that not a strange meeting? Do you think Cornwallis remembered Yorktown and the time he wrote '"''The boy ca7inot escape ?;2^"? STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 61 But Lafayette could afford to be generous to his late foe; his noble heart felt a kindly sym- pathy for all who were in trouble or oppressed. Many things indicate this. Though by faith he was a devout Catholic, he exerted himself in behalf of the French Protestants, who differed from him so widely; and he also made many plans to secure freedom for the negro slaves, and wrote to Washington on the latter subject. This you may read when you are older. Another letter you may enjoy now, showing the kind, friendly feeling between the family at Paris and the one at Mount Vernon. Washing- ton writes: — June, 1786. "My Dear Marquis: You will be astonished to see so ancient a date upon the letter which I send you, if I did not sa}^ to you that the ship which was to have carried this letter has since returned. Nothing new has occurred since then, and I would not give you the weariness of a second epistle, if I had not forgotten to say to say to you that Madame Washington sends to Madame de Lafayette a cask of ham. "I know not if these are better, or even as good as those in France, but these are of our own making; and you know that the ladies of Virginia pride them- selves upon the excellence of their ham, and we remember that it was a dish much to your taste. She has there- fore desired that I offer them to you. 62 STORY OF LAFAYKTTE. ' 'After all, these gifts would be more proper to offer as a ration after a long march in the rain than to figure upon your table in Paris." Perliaps Washington was thinking how glad the poor soldiers at Valley Forge would have been to have had such good fare. But those hard days were over and our soldiers, in the land they had saved, were enjoying peace and plenty. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 63 The French Revolution. Though Louis XVI was a good man, a kind husband and father, through long years of mis- government the people of France were wretched and oppressed. They had heard the shouts for freedom across the sea, and were easily led by unscrupulous leaders to think that the time had come for them to strike for liberty. Lafayette had seen a free people in the new world and he wished to give his own land the blessings of freedom. For a time all went well, but bad people came into power, and in all France there was no head wise enough, no arm strong enough to control the frantic mob. In the mad excitement which followed, dread- ful deeds were done. Others have told the tale of those wild days, we will only touch lightly on the events connected with Lafayette. He tried to protect the king and his queen, Marie Antoinette, but finally they were thrown into prison with their two little children. After many miseries the king and queen were beheaded on the dreadful guillotine, and many 64 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. thousands of innocent persons suffered the same horrible fate. Lafayette loved freedom, but it was the true freedom, not the license to do evil. He cast himself on the side of law and order. This made him unpopular with the unthink- ing crowd; his enemies took advantage of this to make trouble for him; and finally, when he found his soldiers were turning against him, he decided to leave France till better times should come. STORY OP LAFAYETTK. 65 Attempt to Escape and Capture of Lafayette. A decree was entered against Lafayette in tlie National Assembly at Paris, and all soldiers and citizens were ordered to make every effort to capture him. Two days later, on tlie night of the 19th of August, 1792, Lafayette left the army. Three dear friends were with him and a little band of those who still held true to law and order. They were hoping to reach Holland, that ref- uge for the oppressed, but owing to bad weather and heavy roads they were unable to proceed far; and, asking an Austrian post for permission to pass through the country, they were recog- nized and held as prisoners. It was decided that they should be held by the Prussians, who were fighting to help the Aus- trians against France, in hope of saving the imprisoned King Louis and his queen. Frederick the Great was dead, and the new king of Prussia, Frederick William, showed only enmity toward Lafayette. He and his friends were taken in carts like common criminals to 66 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. Wesel on the Rhine. They were chained like malefactors and confined in the castle. Soon afterwards they were taken to Magde- burg. There they remained in the dungeons a whole year, and worst of all, were not allowed to hear anything concerning their families and friends. Lafayette fell ill under these hardships, then they offered to make him more comfortable if he would make military plans for them against France, but though France had treated him so badly, Lafayette would not turn traitor, and in- dignantly refused. After moving them from place to place, the Prussians delivered them to the Austrians, where in prison at Olmutz their hardships were even greater. The sufferings of Lafayette were almost in- credible: — "He was warned that he would never again see anything but the four walls of his dungeon; that he would never receive news of events or persons; and that he would never receive any news of his family or of his fellow prisoners." The walls of his dungeon were twelve feet thick, and air was admitted only by an opening two feet square, guarded by iron bars. "In front of this was a broad ditch, and be- STORY OF Lafayette;. 67 yond this, on the outer walls of the prison, were sentinels with loaded muskets who had orders to shoot them if they tried to escape." No wonder Lafayette's health gave way under such hardships. Finally, to keep him alive, they allowed him to have a little fresh air. 68 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. Lafayette's Friends Attempt His Rescue. Though. Congress, to the disgrace of our nation, at first refused to interfere in an official manner, later they took more favorable action and his individual friends were very active in his behalf Washington had written letters wherever he thought they would be of service, and had directed the American officials abroad to do all they could for Lafayette and his family. Our country was weak at that time. Dewey had not been heard at Manila, nor Schley with our gallant soldier boys and sailors at Santiago — and fears of entangling our country in Buro- pean wars prevented more decisive action, but the sad situation of one they knew so well ap- pealed to the pity of all. Governor Morris in particular exerted every effort in favor of his old friend. Being informed that Lafayette was in lack of money, Mr. Morris promptly advanced ten thousand florins (about ($5,000). Congress afterwards allowed this as payment for the military services of General Lafayette. Mr. Morris also loaned a large sum to Madame de Lafayette to relieve the pressing needs of herself and children. STORY OF IvAFAYETTK. 69 All good and generous hearts in Europe and America were touched by the sufferings of Lafayette, and finally a young German physician, Dr. Bollman, resolved to try to help him. Perhaps you may remember the place where Lafayette first visited in this country, Major Huger's house in South Carolina. His son, Francis Kinlock Huger, was at that time in Vienna. When a child in America he had often sat upon Lafayette's knees, and he well remembered the gallant young Frenchman who came to fight in our cause. Dr. Bollman became acquainted with young Huger, who was glad to do all in his power to help Lafayette. Dr. Bollman adroitly discovered that the pri- soner was at Olmutz, and managed, through the physician of the prison, to communicate with Lafayette. With the assistance of young Huger, Dr. Bollman made a daring attempt to rescue Lafay- ette, and surprised the guard of the carriage in which he was being taken for an airing, but, owing to many accidents, their attempt was un- successful; they were taken prisoners, and Lafay- ette, when within a few miles of the Austrian boundary, was retaken and brought back to Olmutz. 70 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. Here they were treated with great severity, as the attempt was thought to be part of a wide spread plot, but at length understanding that it was simply an effort of the two friends to rescue him, Dr. Bollman and Mr. Huger were released after a confinement lasting eight months. They left Austrian dominions at once, but their joy at recovering their freedom was sad- dened by the thought that Lafayette still re- mained in prison. STORY OF LAFAYETTS. 71 Madame De Lafayette. While Lafayette was in confinement, his dear wife and friends were exposed to the greatest dangers. Madame de Lafayette had left Paris and re- moved to Chavaniac; and, now, foreseeing that trouble was to come, she arranged to hide her children in a place of safety. A kind priest offered them a refuge in the mountains. She sent her son, George Washing- ton, there with his tutor, during the night. Her two young daughters were concealed ^ at a small town about six miles from the castle. She destroyed all letters and documents that might lead to trouble for their friends, and set her house in order. After many anxious days, Chavaniac was seized and sold, and Madame Lafayette was thrown into prison. At first she was confined near her home and her good friends managed that occasionally she could see her children. They were brought secretly to the prison at night, and removed be- fore daylight; but an order came that Madame de Lafayette should be taken to Paris, and they were parted, they feared, forever. 72 STORY OF i^a.fayet'Te;. Slie was first taken to a prison called La Force, and after two weeks spent there, she was trans- ferred to the old college where Lafayette had been educated — in these changed times it had been turned into a prison. How often she must have thought of him there. Her life there must have been a terrible strain. "Hvery morning twenty prisoners could be seen, departing for the guillotine." Forty dreadful days were spent in this way in the Paris prisons, then it became known that with the death of the tyrant, Robespierre, the executions had ceased. How anxious she must have been to learn the fate of her dear ones. She sent to the prisons to inquire for her relatives, but her mother, grandmother and sister had all been beheaded. "The three generations perished together.^' Meantime the friends of Madame de Lafayette had not been idle. In particular the American minister had done all he could for her, and finally an order was given for her release. Her daughter Virginia describes what followed: "My mother's first care was to go and thank M. Mon- roe for all he had done on her behalf. "It was six days after she had left prison that George joined my mother, who had sent for him. My mother longed to see my sister and me, but she would not leave Paris before having obtained, for my brother, a passport STORY OP LAFAYEJTTS. 73 for America. Knowing what my father's wish would be, to send him to the United States, she did not hesitate to make the sacrifice of separating herself from George.' ' His tutor was to accompany him. Madame de Lafayette wrote to Washington, placing her son in his care, and asking for pro- tection for him. The boy was only fourteen at the time, and his mother must have felt sad at having to send him so far away; but, at least, she would know that he was in safety, and it left her free to go to aid and comfort her husband. She joined her daughters, and as soon as they could leave the country they traveled to Austria. Through a friend she was able to see the emperor. She asked permission to share Lafay- ette's captivity. The emperor replied, "I grant it to you; as for his liberty, that would be impossible, my hands are tied." 74 STORY OF LAFAYETTE;. Together in Prison. We may imagine the joy of Lafayette when he saw his dear ones once more; but it was joy shaded by sadness. He knew that dreadful things had been done in Paris, but he did not know who had been the victims; Virginia de Lafayette says, "The day passed without his venturing to ask any question. My mother had not courage enough to break the subject herself." It was not till night came, and the daughters had been locked in an adjoining cell, that Madame de Lafayette told him how her grand- mother, her mother and her sister had perished on the awful guillotine. How glad he must have been that his dear son was safe in America. His daughter Anastasia was only sixteen at this time, and Virginia, named for the scene of his glory, Virginia, was two years younger. Though so young and fond of fun and pleasure, they suffered cheerfully all the discomforts and hardships of the prison, glad, if by their loving presence they could bring any solace to their persecuted father. They spent a few hours each day with him, STORY OP LAFAYETTE. 75 then the old jailer came to lock them in their narrow stone cell for the night. One day Anastasia thought that she would like a picture of this old fellow^ and for fear he should object, she drew a little sketch on her thumb nail, which she afterwards copied on paper. The family in France still treasure this little drawing. Madame de Lafayette became very ill and tried to obtain permission to go away and recruit her failing strength. She was told, that if she did so, she could never return. This ended the mat- ter, for the devoted wife and mother felt that she would rather die in the arms of her loved ones, than live parted from them forever. 76 STORY OP LAFAYETTE;. Release. The days dragged by until Lafayette had been over five years in prison. Once he had an offer of release, but on condition that he should not return to France. ' This he indignantly declined. It was nearly two years since his wife had joined him. Her health had suffered greatly by the hardships she was obliged to under- go; but help was coming from an unexpected quarter. Napoleon Bonaparte, the victorious Commander-in-chief of the French Army, insis- ted that the prisoners should be immediately released from confinement. How the family must have welcomed the glad morning of the nineteenth of September, 1797. On that day his fetters were struck off, and with his wife and daughters he was free to leave his prison. Kind friends were waiting to welcome them and relieve their pressing necessities. Lafayette caused their rights both as French and American citizens to be recognized, and then they went to a little town in Holstein, where they had rela- tives, and there they lived quietly for two years. George returned from Mount Vernon about this time, and Anastasia, the eldest daughter, STORY OF LAFAYETTK. 77 married the brother of one who had shared her father's captivity, and tranquil if not happy days seemed to have come. Lafayette continued to watch with anxious eyes affairs in France, and in November, 1799, when Napoleon became "First Consul," Lafayette started immediately for Paris. He announced his arrival to Napoleon, who was none too well pleased with the news. Lafayette retired to La Grange, a fine old castle about forty miles from Paris, which con- tinued to be his home. There he remained during the rapid changes which came to France, unable to help, but hoping that all would work together for the good of his dear country. In the stormy days which followed Waterloo, Lafayette emerged from his retirement and gave wise counsel to the French people, then he went back quietly to his home at La Grange. He had lost his dear wife. She died on Christmas night, 1807, tender and loving to the last. General Washington, too, was dead, and La- fayette shared in our nation's grief as he had shared in our joy. He wrote at once to the family at Mount Vernon, expressing his sympathy in their afflic- tion. In Washington's will he left his silver 78 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. mounted pistols to Lafayette. They are now in France, with many other gifts and remembrances from the friends at Mount Vernon. The entrance of the allied armies into Paris ended in the restoration of the Bourbons, and Louis XVIII ascended the throne of France. The fateof the poor little Dauphin, son of the late king, was unknown, but it was thought that he had died in prison during the Reign of Terror. Lafayette hoped that the people would be happy under their new king, and wished to spend his days in peace at La Grange — but the mon- arch began to encroach upon the rights of the people. Lafayette was called again to public life and elected to the "Chamber of Deputies," a body similar to our Congress. Lafayette was in favor of the National Guard, whose general he had been, and also desired to increase the French navy as a means of national defence. On that occasion he paid a tribute to the navy of the United States: — "Whose fleet," he said, "since its creation, and during two severe wars against Great Britain, with equal and often with inferior force, never once failed to gaiJt the ad- vantaged Well has our navy sustained this reputation! What would Lafayette say could he see its glory now! STORY OF LAFAYETTK. 79 Lafayette as the Nation's Guest — His Recep- tion in New York. Hearing that Lafayette desired to revisit the scenes of his early efforts for freedom, Congress passed a resolution that a suitable ship should be prepared and sent to bring the Marquis to America. However, with the simplicity which had char- acterized his whole life, he declined the honor, and embarking on the packet ship Cadmus, arrived in New York harbor, August 16th, 1824, after a pleasant voyage of thirty-one days from Havre. He was accompanied by his son, George Washington, M. le Vasseur and one servant. As the ship sailed into New York harbor a salute was fired from Fort Lafayette, and another salute was fired when he landed. Lafayette passed the night on Staten Island as guest of the Vice-president — Daniel D. Tompkins. Next morning the various buildings in New York were beautifully decorated, and the people turned out to welcome their beloved visitor. All being ready, a fleet of vessels started to escort Lafayette to the city. Their masts and wide- spread arms literally swarmed with seamen, and 80 STORY OF I.AFAYE;TTE. with streamers and banners flying, they must have presented a beautiful sight. About six thousand citizens were on the boats to welcome him. When the squadron reached Staten Island a carriage was seen driving down to the landing, and the Marquis (he was always known by his old title in America), alighted and passed under an arch decorated with the French and American colors. Here he was received by the common council of New York and escorted on board the Chan- cellor Livingston, A salute was fired and the squadron proceeded to the city. Though many distinguished men were there the most interesting sight was the meeting of the general with his old military comrades. He greeted each one in kind remembrance and the minutes flew fast with stories of old days they had spent together. The citizens of New York turned out to welcome him. As one account says: "The flag-staff, the windows and even the roofs of the houses facing the bay, were literally crowded with spectators." From Monday till Friday he was the guest of New York, and both the public organizations and the private citizens vied in their efforts to pay honor to this famous man. STORY OF i^apayette;. 81 He received invitations to visit Philadelphia, Albany, New Haven, Hartford and other cities, but his desire was to go first to Boston. There were no Pullman cars in those days, but the corporation of New York provided an elegant carriage to convey him on his journey, and appointed a committee to accompany him on his route. His pleasant visit being over, he was escorted as far as Harlem by a detachment of cavalry, the corporation in carriages, guards and military officers from the city, and many citizens mounted. At each town through which his journey lay, similar scenes were enacted. He passed under triumphal arches, and fair girls smiled in wel- come while they strewed his path with flowers. A SCENE ON THE UPPER HUDSON. 82 STORY OF lafayejtt:^. Lafayette in Boston. The people of Boston turned out in great crowds to receive him with shouts of "Welcome, welcome, Lafayette!" "Friend of Washington!" "Friend of America!" "Friend of Liberty!" At Boston Common the procession passed be- tween two lines of school children, boys and girls, from the several schools of the city. There were nearly three thousand of these children between the ages of eight and twelve. They must have been a pretty sight; the girls dressed in white, while the boys wore white trousers and blue waists, or spencers, as they were then called. Blue and white were the colors of the uniform Lafayette wore when he was on Washington's staff, so that made the dress par- ticularly appropriate. They also wore ribbons stamped with Lafayette's picture. An old work gives the following account of one of the little girls: "As the carriage in which the General rode was passing, one of the little misses darted from the line where she was stand- ing, and requested to speak with him. "She was handed into the carriage and, by the^ mayor, presented to Lafayette, who pressed an affectionate kiss on her blooming yet blushing STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 83 cheek. She had confidence, however, to address him, and place a wreath of flowers on his head. "He made her a short but affectionate reply and placed the wreath on the seat of the car- riage." Attached to the wreath of flowers was a paper containing a beautiful poem. Arches were thrown across the streets; over Washington Street there were two very fine ones. On one was "Welcome, Lafayette — A Republic Not Ungrateful." On the other were inscribed the following lines: "WELCOME, LAFAYETTE. "The fathers in glory shall sleep, Who gathered with thee to the fight; But the sons will eternally keep The tablet of memory bright. We bow not the neck And we bend not the knee, But our hearts, Lafayette, We surrender to thee." Governor Bustis received Lafayette in the name of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, but he was so overcome by his feelings, that one of his aides had to read most of the address of welcome. In it he said: "In the last surviving Major- General of the Revolutionary Army, we recog- nize a benefactor and friend from a distant and gallant nation, who, inspired by a love of liberty, 84 STORY OF I^AFAYETTK. subjected himself in his youth to the toils and hazards of a military life, in support of our rights. "Under our illustrious Washington, you were instrumental in establishing the liberties of our country, while your gallantry in the field secured to yourself imperishable renown." Lafayette, as usual, recognized and greeted warmly all his old friends; he seemed to cling to them with the affection of a brother. Time was thinning the ranks of the old sol- diers — sad thoughts came of those who were dead and gone — and tears moistened the eyes of brave men, who had faced the cannon's roar. Some of the scenes must have been very affect- ing. After having received all that could be done to show the appreciation of the people of Boston, Lafayette took his departure. At Lexington he passed under a triumphal arch, which bore the peculiarly appropriate in- scription, "Welcome, friend of America, to the birthplace of American liberty." Everywhere he heard the shouts of "Welcome, Lafayette," and even if his stop were but for a few moments, the same enthusiastic multitudes greeted him. STORY OF LAFAYETTK. 85 Lafayette's Visit to Connecticut. Perliaps you will like to hear how the Con- necticut children welcomed him. When he reached Hartford, there was the same great display and attention from the gov- ernor, mayor, common council and prominent citizens. But what must have pleased him greatly was to see at the State House a gathering of eight hundred children. The little girls were all in white, and wore badges with the inscription, "Nous vous aimons, Lafayette." (We love you, Lafayette.)* Perhaps the children thought he would like to see the French words which his own children spoke at home. One of them gave him a gold medal which was wrapped in a paper with these lines: — Welcome thou to Freedom's clime, Glorious hero! Chief sublime! Garlands bright for thee are wreath' d, Vows of filial ardor breath 'd, Veteran's cheeks with tears are wet, '''^ Notts vous aimons, Lafayette.''' *NOTE — Pronounce — noo vooz a-mong. 86 STORY OF i^afayette;. Monmouth's field is rich with bloom, Where thy warriors found their tomb, Yorktown's heights resound no more, Victor's shout our cannon roar, Yet our hearts record their debt, " We do love you, Lafayette.'" Brandywine, whose current rolled. Proud with blood of heroes bold, That our country's debt shall tell. That our gratitude shall swell. Infant breasts thy wounds regret, " W(? do love you, Lafayette ^ Sires, who sleep in glory's bed, Sires, whose blood for us was shed. Taught us, when our knee we bend. With the prayer thy name to blend; Shall we e'er such charge forget? No! — ''''Nous vous aimons, Lafayette.'" When our blooming cheeks shall fade, Pale with time, or sorrow's shade, When our clustering tresses fair, Frosts of wintry age shall wear. E'en till memory's sun shall set, " We shall love you, Lafayette.''^ His visit to Hartford was marked by many affecting incidents. Ttie General reviewed the troops. In the line of march was a company of revolutionary soldiers; as these old heroes came by, Lafayette shook hands with each one. How proud they must have felt that day! STORY OF I.AFAYKT'TB. 87 After the review some gentleman brought him the very sash he had worn at the battle of Brandywine. The sash had been used to bind up his wound and was stiff with his blood, which had been shed for our freedom. He thanked the gentleman, and, after looking at it steadily for a moment, returned it to him. What memories its silver folds must have re- called! For a moment he was a boy again at the head of his troops, rallying the retreating men, but the vision passed; he was now a man full of years and of honors, receiving the thanks of a grateful people. The same warm welcome followed him wher- ever he went in Connecticut, even to his last stop at Saybrook, where, though it was late at night before he appeared, the ladies waited, dressed in white, and the citizens, with "Cannon music and illuminations," received him. STORY OP I.AFAYE:TT:e. New York Re-Visited. On September 6th Lafayette returned from his tour through New England. It had been arranged to celebrate September 6th, the anni- versary of his birth, by a banquet given by the Society of The Cincinnati. This was an associ- ation of the of&cers of the Revolutionary War. His escort to Washington Hall was the Lafay- ette Guards. This hall was elaborately decor- ated. Over the head of their honored guest was a triumphal arch of evergreen and flowers, and from it floated an American eagle, bearing in its beak a scroll, inscribed, "September 6th, 1757." This was the day on which he was born. He was now a man sixty-seven years old. Space is lacking to describe all that was done during this visit for his pleasure and in his honor. Kverywhere were to be seen the inscrip- tions of " Brandy wine " and " Yorktown," and triumphal arches decorated with flags of Amer- ica and France. Our flag had only twenty-four stars in those days, but its red, white and blue were just as beautiful as now. Surely the children would like to hear what was done in the New York Free Schools. Ou STORY OF' LAFAYETTE. 89 Friday, having been invited by the Trustees, he visited several of the buildings. Afterwards, the pupils were gathered together; he reviewed them in the Park, and a large class of the girls recited the following lines: Welcome, Hero, to the West, To the land thy sword hath blest! To the country of \hQ.free, Welcome, Friend of Liberty! Grateful millions guard thy fame, Age and youth revere thy name, Beauty twines the wreath for thee, Glorious Son of Liberty! Years shall speak a nation's love, Wheresoe'er thy footsteps move. By the choral paean met — Welcome, welcome, Lafayette! There were about five thousand of these chil- dren arranged in order, and an old writer says, "The scene was truly interesting, and afforded a peculiar gratification to the General, who well knew that the schools of America were the nur- series of freedom and the basis of American lib- erty." It is equally fitting that Lafayette should be remembered by the school children of to-day. His example must ever prove an incentive to feelings of the purest patriotism. % STORY OF LAFAYETTS. Visits to Other Places. Arrangements had been made to go by water to Albany, witli stops at various places. The people of the interior had gathered to see the boat pass, and the beautiful banks of the Hud- son from New York to Albany were lined with spectators who had come to do honor to the "Nation's Guest." A stop was made at West Point, where the cadets were inspected and presented to him. We may be sure he had a kind word for each, as he remembered the early days when his duties and studies had been similar to theirs. The trip up and down the Hudson was equally delightful, and whether he was received with the pomp of wealth or the simple greeting of the poor, the same love and respect pervaded the demonstrations. On arriving in New Jersey, he was greeted by a chorus, which sang: Hail! the gallant chief whose fame Is pure as heaven's ethereal flame! Who comes our peaceful fields to cheer, A father of ten millions dear! Oh! strew the blooms of vale and grove — Bright as our tears, warm as our love! The present and the past are met To bid us welcome Lafayette. STORY OP LAFAYETTB. 9l His visits in New Jersey were particularly interesting, for so much of the state was historic ground. His reception in Philadelphia was most im- pressive, particularly so when the General arrived at the old State House where the Declaration of hidependence was signed, in 1776. What changes had come since 1777, when he waited outside the door of this very building, hoping that Congress would accept the offer of his fortune and his sword. Now he was the "Nation's Guest," and the prominent of&cials of the country were assembled in his honor. For eight days he enjoyed the hospitalities of "The City of Brotherly Love," then passed on towards Washington. After a triumphal progress through Delaware and Maryland, Lafayette arrived at the District of Columbia. He was met at the line by a dis- tinguished escort which accompanied him to Capitol Square. Here a beautiful reception awaited him. Standing under an arch were twenty-five young ladies, representing the twenty- four states and the District of Columbia. Congress was not in session at the time, but Lafayette received a warm welcome in Washing- ton from the president, James Monroe, and after many attentions from private citizens, he has- tened to Mount Vernon. 92 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. Lafayette at Mount Vernon. Lafayette was very anxious to visit the grave of his old friend. It was a tranquil Sabbath morn- ing, when they floated down the noble Potomac which flows by the slopes of Mount Vernon. The guns of Fort Washington announced their ap- proach — and soon they landed; but the friend who had always before been there to welcome Lafayette was gone forever. M. le Vasseur, who was with Lafayette, gives the following account of their visit : — "Three nephews of General Washington took Lafayette, his son and myself to the tomb of their uncle. H: * * :i: si; * * "Lafayette descended alone into the tomb and a few minutes later reappeared with his eyes overflowing with tears. He took his son and me by the hand and led us into the tomb, where by a sign he indicated the cofiin of his paternal friend, alongside of which was that of his com- panion in life, united to him in the grave. We knelt reverently near his cofiin." What a sad hour that must have been to the loving heart of Lafayette! While he was at Mount Vernon, Mr. Eustis presented him with a ring containing a lock of Washington's hair. He also gave him the masonic sash and apron which had been worn by Washington. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 93 The Celebration at Yorktown. After the affecting visit at Mount Vernon was ended, "the last of the Generals of the Army of Independence" proceeded to the scene of his early triumphs. "An arch was erected over the site of the redoubt, which he carried at the head of the American troops at the siege of Yorktown. An appropriate celebration of the day followed. "Lafayette occupied as his headquarters, the same house in which Cornwallis had his, forty- three years before, during the siege. Sortie ser- vants, in examining the cellar, discovered an antique chest which, on opening, they found to contain candles, blackened by time, and which, by the inscription on the lid, were known to have formed part of Cornwallis' stores during the siege. "This discovery being proclaimed, the candles were in due time lighted and arrayed in circles in the center of the camp, where dancing was one of the amusements of the evening." Le Vasseur says that the old revolutionary sol- diers were so elated by the amusing idea of a ball in Yorktown in 1824, by the light of Cornwallis' candles, that notwithstanding their great age and the fatigues of the day, most of them were unwill- ing to retire until the candles were entirely con- sumed. Virginia gave him a royal welcome, and among other pleasures he enjoyed a week with his old friend, Thomas Jefferson, at Monticello. 94 STORY OF LAFAYKTTK. Congress Receives the Nation's Guest. On Lafayette's return to the capital, both houses of Congress united to do him honor; he was invited to take a seat in the Senate chamber and the members received him standing. First he visited the Senate, then went to the House of Representatives. When he had been escorted to the center of the hall, the speaker, Henry Clay, eloquently addressed him. Among other things he said: — '^ Although but few of the members who compose this body shared with you in the war of our revolution, all have, from impartial history or from faithful traditions, a knowledge of the perils, the sufferings, and the sacrifices which you voluntarily encountered, and the signal services in America and Europe which you performed for an infant, a dis- tant and an alien people; all feel and own the very great extent of the obligations under which you have placed our country." Lafayette was greatly affected by portions of this eloquent speech, but he advanced and made a suitable reply, from which we quote the fol- lowing passages: "The approbation of the American people and their representatives, for my conduct during the STORY OF LAFAYETTB. 95 vicissitudes of th^ European revolution, is the highest reward I could receive. Well may I stand firm and erect when in their names and by you, Mr. Speaker, I am declared to have in every instance been faithful to those American principles of liberty, equality and true social order, the devotion to which, as it has been from my earliest youth, so it shall continue to be to my latest breath. "Permit me, Mr. Speaker, and gentlemen of the House of Representatives, to join to the expressions of those sentiments, a tribute of my lively gratitude, affectionate devotion and pro- found respect." Public feeling being strongly in favor of the measure to indemnify Lafayette for the pecuni- ary secrifices he had made in our cause, Congress also passed an act directing the Secretary of the Treasury to pay him the sum of two hundred thousand dollars, and also granting to him and to his heirs one township of land to be located on any unappropriated lands in the United States. Lafayette accepted what he styled the "muni- ficent gift," in the same spirit in which it was tendered. He might have alluded to the fact that during his six years of service, he spent nearly two 96 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. hundred thousand dollars of his own fortune for us; and as another writer remarks: — "To this catalogue of Lafayette's sacrifices and services might have been added — and the remnants of his estate were confiscated, his family persecuted, and he himself confined five years in loathsome dungeons for his devotion to the cause of Ameri- can freedom, and to those principles upon which her existence as a nation depends." What Lafayette called a gift was really only repayment of our indebtedness, and let us be thankful that to Congress was given both the power and the will to do what was generous, as well as just, in this matter. STORY OP LAFAYETTE. 97 Tours in the West and South. About the first of March General Lafayette began his journey through the Southern and Western States. His tour included North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Ten- nessee, Missouri, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. His visit to the town of Camden, South Caro- lina, was an affecting occasion, for there he laid the corner-stone of a monument to his old friend De Kalb. There the heroic De Kalb fell at the head of the Delaware and Maryland troops, after having received eleven wounds. Charleston gave him a warm welcome, remem- bering that it was there he had first visited in America. He had the great pleasure also of meeting Col. Huger, who had made such a dar- ing attempt to rescue Lafayette from prison. The authorities presented their distinguished visitor with a portrait of Col. Huger in an ele- gant frame of solid gold. At Nashville the Nation's Guest was welcomed by General Andrew Jackson, whom he visited. In Ohio he was received by General Harrison, both of whom afterward became President. 98 STORY OF LAFAYBTTB. The Closing Days of the Visit of Lafayette. The end of the journey was hurried, as he was compelled to hasten to Boston, where he was to be present at the laying of the corner stone of the Bunker Hill monument on the fiftieth anni- versary of the Battle of Bunker Hill. It was most fitting that the last surviving general of the revolution should lay the corner stone of that proud monument to the revolution- ary heroes; and in an eloquent oration Daniel Webster paid fitting tribute to the brave deeds they had done. Lafayette then returned to Washington after a brief journey through Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont, having celebrated the '' Fourth of July" in New York, and made a short stay in Philadelphia. Of course, he could not leave without one last look at the battlefields of Germantown, Barren Hill and Brandy wine, and to these places he was escorted by a large band of revolutionary soldiers; but the closing days of the visit were at hand, the time to say farewell had almost come. At Wash- ington he was the guest of President John Quincy Adams, and everything was done to make the last days memorable. STORY OF LAFAYETTB. 99 Finally, on the seventh of September, 1825, the hour of parting came and, standing in the vestibule of the presidential mansion. President Adams made a most noble and eloquent farewell address. In it he said: — "Yet we, too, and our children, in life and after death, shall claim you for our own. You are ours by that more than patriotic self-devotion with which you flew to the aid of our fathers at the crisis of their fate. "Ours by that long series of years in which you have cherished us in your regard. Ours by that unshaken sentiment of gratitude for your services, which is a prec- ious portion of our inheritance. Ours by that tie of love, stronger than death, which has linked your name, for the endless ages of time, with the name of Washington." General Lafayette was visibly affected, but made a suitable reply, closing: — "God bless you, sir, and all who surround us. God bless the American people, each of their states and the federal government. Accept this patriotic farewell of an overflowing heart; such will be its last throb when it ceases to beat." 100 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. Homeward Bound. After an affectionate parting from his many friends, General Lafayette was escorted to the small steamer, Mount Vernon, which was to con- vey him to the Brandywine — a government frigate, prepared for his homeward voyage and named in his honor. As the little boat passed down the Potomac, the tomb of Washington came to view, and La- fayette rose to take a last look at the grave of his beloved friend. What recollections must have come as he gazed — silent — at the lonely tomb! The next morning they reached the Brandy- wine, and after a pleasant voyage of twenty-four days, they arrived in France. The officers of the boat had become much at- tached to Lafayette during this long voyage, and when the time for parting came, they deputed Lieutenant Gregory to speak for them. He scarcely knew what to say, but seizing the American flag which floated from the vessel, he gave it to Lafayette, exclaiming: — "We cannot confide it to more glorious keeping. Take it, dear General; may it ever recall to you your alliance with the American nation; may it also STORY OF I^AFAYKTTE. 101 sometimes recall to your recollection those who will never forget the happiness they enjoyed of passing twenty-four days with you on the Brandywine; and in being displayed twice a year on the tower of your hospitable dwelling, may it recall to your neighbors the anniversary of two great epochs, whose influence on the whole world is incalculable — the birth of Wash- ington and the declaration of independence." Lafayette replied: — "I accept it with grati- tude, and I hope, that, displayed from the most prominent part of my house at La Grange, it will always testify to all who may see it the kindness of the American nation towards its adopted and devoted son. "And I also hope, that when you or your fel- low countrymen visit me, it will tell you that at La Grange you are not on foreign soil." 102 STORY OF LAFAYETTE;. La Grange. After landing at Havre, Lafayette proceeded at once to La Grange, which lie reached on the 9th of October, having been absent about four- teen months. The inhabitants of the neighborhood had pre- pared elaborate fetes to welcome him and to show their delight at having him safe at home again. These over, he prepared to enjoy a time of quiet rest with his family. Lafayette had so many griefs and hardships at one time, that his friends must feel glad that he had such a pleasant home during the last years of his life. Perhaps you would like to hear more about it. It has been well described by his old physician and friend. La Grange is about forty-three miles from Paris, in a pleasant part of the country. The house, or chateau, as the French call it, has two stories besides the basement. It is spacious and the gothic towers at the corners give quite a bar- onial air to the mansion. The walls are nearly covered with ivy and Virginia creeper. The grounds, containing about eight hundred acres, are neatly kept and the place is surrounded STORY OF I.AFAYETTE. 103 by fine trees, among wliicli are some enormous willows. About the house there is an old moat, which is from thirty to forty feet wide and seven feet deep. The water in this is beautifully clear, and filled with fish. The moat, which formerly surrounded the mansion, has been filled up on one side, thus making a fine approach to the park. Lafayette needed a large house, for his sons and daughters lived with him, and his twelve grandchildren; so that he had nearly twenty in his family. He also had many visitors, those from America in particular always being made very welcome. He gave largely to the poor in times of dis- tress, and his benefactions are still remembered in the neighborhood; his family even denied themselves pleasures that they might be able to give to those in need. He treasured many things which had come from America, especially a portrait of Washing- ton and the flag of the Brandywine which was draped above it. There is in La Grange now a large room called the Lafayette museum. This contains the accumulated treasures of his long life — gifts from the American people and from many other friends. 104 STORY OF IvAFAYETTi;. H asa li HBC! 1 X STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 105 Especially valued is the sword-of-honor pre- sented to him by Congress. During the dark days of the French Revolution, fearing it would be destroyed, his wife caused it to be buried; but now, after many years, it again sees the light of day, bright as the fame of him who bore it. At the Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago, the French government arranged a reproduc- tion of the room in which Louis XVI received Silas Deane, Benjamin Franklin and Arthur Lee, calling it La Salle de Lafayette, or Room of Lafayette, and they sent many of these treasures for us to see. It was a very impressive sight; and as one looked on the Gobelin tapestries, woven to com- memorate "Jorcktonn," as they spelled it, and saw the cushions embroidered by Mrs. Wash- ington, and Washington's pistols and a lock of his hair which were sent to Lafayette, and the beautiful sword-of-honor, it made those days of old seem real — and one longed to see the brave hearts, the relics of whose glory were strewn about in such profusion. The French government showed a very grace- ful courtesy in giving our people such an opportunity to see these historic treasures. At this time of Lafayette's life he is described as being a tall and well proportioned man, some- 106 • STORY OF lafaye;ttk. what inclined to stoutness. His features were regular and his forehead high and intellectual. His eyes were grayish-blue, and the whole expression of his face was frank and kind. His complexion was clear, and it is said that at the age of seventy-seven not a wrinkle furrowed his countenance. Though hospitable to his friends, his diet was simple, and he drank nothing but water. In his dress he was plain but scrupulously neat, and in manner he was social and cheerful. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. 107 Other Public Services of Lafayette. But Lafayette was not destined to enjoy tlie quiet of his beautiful home very long. He was again elected member of the Chamber of Depu- ties. He was now obliged to spend his winters in Paris, and his public duties were numerous and exacting for a man of his years, but he was al- ways ready to serve his country. Charles X had succeeded his brother Louis, but his continual encroachments threatened the people with the loss of their liberties. His un- just measures raised the capital to revolt, and insurrection followed. Lafayette was at La Grange, but hastened to the scene of strife to offer his services to the patriots. The contest raged in Paris ; barri- cades were erected in the streets ; the royal troops fired on the people ; the deputies feared to act. Lafayette showed the old spirit and bravery. He assumed the position of head of a provisional government ; he ordered the old tri-color to be raised on the public buildings, and he issued a proclamation to the people, closing: "Liberty shall triumph or we will perish together." 108 STORY OF IvAFAYKTTE;. His name restored confidence and the people did their part bravely. The next day Charles X sent to make con- cessions, but Lafayette replied that it was "too late." Charles X had ended his reign. Many wished to make Lafayette the new ruler, but — imitating the example of our glorious Wash- ington — he declined all selfish thought of this ; and the Chamber of Deputies chose the Duke of Orleans, who became king, under the title of Louis Philippe, the Citizen King. STORY OF I.AFAYETTK. 109 The Death and Burial of Lafayette. To the last lie gave his time and strength to the cause of the people, but the closing scene was fast approaching, A political duel terminated in the death of his friend, M. Dulong. Lafayette walked with the funeral procession to the grave. It was too much for a constitution enfeebled by age and dis- ease, and severe illness followed. He rallied after a time and was able to take a short drive, but a violent thunderstorm arose and Lafayette was chilled and wet by the rain. This brought on an attack which proved fatal at daybreak on the 20th of May, 1834. A few moments before he breathed his last, Lafayette opened his eyes and fixed them with a look of affection on his children, who surrounded his bed, as if to bless them and bid them an eternal adieu. So he died, surrounded by those he loved. Paris gave Lafayette a most impressive fu- neral. All ranks in life were represented, from the highest to the lowest, and the coffin was sur- mounted by tri-color standards — emblems of the liberty he loved so well. no STORY OF LAFAY:eTT:e. It is told that when the procession was on its way to the grave, a poor man was turned back with the words, *'None but the family are here." "We all belong to the family," said the poor man, " for he loved us all as his children." The ranks were immediately opened and he followed next the bier to the cemetery. Among the pall-bearers was a representative from America, and earth from America, mingled with that of France, was strewn upon his coffin. TOMB OF LAFAYETTE. STORY OF LAFAYETTE. Ill In a quiet nook in the Picpus Cemetery in Paris, among trees and flowers, lies the lowly grave of Lafayette. His body rests beside that of his dear wife, and near them sleep more than a thousand headless victims of the guillotine — sad relics of those dreadful days of terror. Near by a cross, the emblem of his faith, seems to throw its sheltering arms above the graves. Strangers often find their way to this quiet spot, for, while Liberty lives, the name of Lafay- ette will never.be forgotten. Though exposed in youth to the temptations of a corrupt court, and in after years to the al- lurements of ambition, Lafayette ever remained "pure and beyond reproach." Even his most malicious enemies can bring no substantial charges against his character, and we need not fear that our admiration is misplaced, when we give it to one who commanded the love and res- pect of our great Washington. In the revolution, we fought for our own dear country — but Lafayette came from a strange land to aid us. He left luxury and ease to suffer hardship and privation for us. His wealth was spent in our service ; and truly it may be said of him, that he was one of those, ^''Who fought and bled in Freedom's Cause." So, when we remem- 112 STORY OF LAFAYETTE. ber tlie great names whicli sliine on tlie pages of onr country's story, let us not forget to honor our brave friend, LAFAYETTE, wlio helped us to win our country's freedom. The Plan Books, FOR PRIHARY AND INTERMEDIATE GRADES. Ten Guides or Sets of Plans. One for each month in the school year. Noth ing to corhpare with them ever issued. A fa vorite with progressive teachers in all parts of the country. Vfilir Worlc No school Avork can be well dons that is not i In the three papers on method, the underlying principles of the course of study are set forth, and practical suggestions are made on the conduct of the recitation. • Y^ It The lists of reading for each grade are the results of care- XVCO'UIII^* fui experiments in the grades and a testing of each book. Each line of work is accompanied by a list of reference books on the subjects In addition, a full list of these books is given, with the names of the publishers. This list is a very valuable feature. The work is excellent as a guide in selecting books for Library and Reference. Qoth, 190 pages, 75 cents. A. FLANAGAN, CmCAGQ. Correlation* Method. H o .V ,. . „ ^. ',> c ^ * '^^6 ^^^^- ■ *