S 267 M6 C7 opy 1 PAPERS OF THE IBERVILLE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, No. 5 THE LITERARY HISTORY OF MOBILE By ERWIN CRAIGHEAD, B. Litt., LL. D., President of the Iberville Historical Society Reprinted From The Mobile Regi^er Centennial Edition 1914 * ■v\ v^ Oitt Au&cr (Vtrtta) MAR 21 B;6 CiterarYlfi^torj of 5tlobilc IN MARCH, 1814, JAMES INNERARITY WAS elected president of the board of commission- ers of Mobile, and, strictly speaking, the lit- erature of Mobile's one hundred years be- gins with the first entry made upon the min- ute book of the board. We shall go back, how- ever, a little space to February 28, 1812, on which day we find that Josiah Blakeley wrote to his "dear Abby" in Connecticut telling of "the now famous town of Mobile," where the Mobile river "desembogues" its waters into the bay by several mouths. Blakeley, afterwards the founder of the town of that name on the eastern shore of Mobile bay, wrote of Mobile as being at that time the subject of dispute between the United States and the Spaniards; and as containing about 9 houses, all of wood and but one story high; and we may judge that the place was "famous" because of the aforesaid dispute rather than for Mobile's size, trade, or other accomplish- ment. Mobile literature had its beginning many years earlier than this, but there is but fragmentary ac- count of the output and writers Pineda, who was here to repair his ships in 1519, wrote down what he saw and heard, and called the bay and river Espiritu Santo. A year later, Garay made a map and put the same name upon it; and he is credited by some with being the first to use the name. Panfilo de Navaez drifted this way in 15 28 and put into the bay somewhere for water, possibly at Bellefontaine. Then came DeSoto's admiral, Maldonado, but all the records are of voyages, and. have no connec- tion with Mobile's literary history. \ Possibly Iber- ville may be counted as our first author, although Hamilton gives precedence to Penicaut. Iberville wrote and published in 1702 a diary of his visit to the second site of the Mobile colony (at Twen- ty-seven Mile Bluff on Mobile river) ; and this was really literature, in the sense that a great deal of it was fiction. Iberville described the beautiful forest trees and verdure along the river route, without once saying that the river banks were marsh-land and under water. The fact is that Iberville's diary was for prospective French im- mig-rants to read; Iberville having something like a continent of land on his hands and to dispose of. Curiously enough, he chose the poorest tract to be found anywhere in this region of country as the subject of his glorification. He died of the fever in Havana, February 7, 1707, before he him- self was fully aware of the unfortunate choice he had made. The historian of the enterprise of Iberville and Bienville was Jean Penicaut, a ship carpen- ter by trade, born in 168 0, and who came to this country with Iberville. He wrote the "Annals of Louisiana," He returned to France in 1821. Of Penicaut, Hamilton (in his Colonial Mobile) speaks as "our first Mobile writer;" and, in an- other passage, "It is with sincere regret that one closes the life-like pages of the first literary Mo- bilian." Mr. Hamilton mentions also the Jesuit Charle- voix, who published six small volumes with maps of places and plates illustrating the native plants. Bossu is another writer of that early time, his contribution to literature taking the shape of let- ters. Mobile in those early days, say in 1708, had a population of 122 in the garrison, 24 adult male and 28 adult female "inhabitants," 25 children, and 80 slaves — a total of 279 souls. Skipping to the sixties of that century we come to Major Robert Farmer, the English of- ficer in command of the colony at Mobile. Whether he was an author of any books is hot stated, but he was distinctly literary. Aubry, in charge at New Orleans, had much correspondence with him, and gives this sketch of him: "This governor of Mobile is an extraordinary man. As he knows that I speak English, he occasionally writes to me in verse, ^r, He speaks to me of Francis I. and Charles V. He 'compares Pontiak, the Indian chief, to Mith'radates ; he says that he goes to bed with Montesquieu. When there occur some petty difficulties between the inhabitants of New Orleans and Mobile, he quotes to me from the Magna Charta and the laws of Great Britain." And now we must pass over a very considerable space of time. It is highly improbable that any literary work was done in the colonial days. The denizens had sufficient to do to maintain them- selves in a new country; and besides, if they ere- ated any literature, it was in a foreign tongue anci has been scattered to all parts, if still existing-. When the Americans came in 1813, they found a city, if city it may be called, but little larger than a small village, and actually showing no growth in the one hundred years of its existence. Immigrants poured in, a newspaper was estab- lished, and then a government; and after that, sometime after that, literature began to appear. Tlie American Period. The writer of this wishes it to be known that what he presents here is nothing more than what the Germans call an Einleitung, or "leading into'' or towards the subject; a preface or introduction, if you will call it so; and the reason for so re- garding it is that at every turn the writer finda something that may be added to what has been collected; and he is convinced that there is much of the field yet unexplored; that there are books, papers and documents existing that he has never heard of; and that tradition preserves the names and the memory of labors apparently forgotten. The hope is entertained that by this publication — the first of its kind yet attempted — interest will be excited, and that by the help of additions and corrections, the basis of a fairly complete history of the literary life of Mobile may in time be ob- tained. We began with mention of Josiah Blakeley'f letters. We proceed next to the year 18 3 3 and open the account with the writings of the Rev, William T. Hamilton, the grandfather of the pres- ent-day historian of Mobile. Mr. Hamilton wrote and published two books, one with a Newark im- print of 1833, entitled "Infant Baptism," and the other, printed in New York in 18 5 2, with the title of "A Friend of Moses." Next following was Charles L. S. Jones, Mo- bile's first poet, who published in Mobile in 1834, a small book with the title of "American Lyrics, Comprising Discovery, a Poem, Songs, Tales and Translations." In the same year, he published "Henriad," a poem translated from Voltaire. The beauty of the print, and binding of this little vol- ume cannot fail to command attention. It showed the printer's art well advanced here. About this time lived here Augustus Girard, a Swiss watchmaker, inventor and philosopher; originator of the Franklin Literary Society, and 6 author of "Reflections on the Latent Causes and Mechanical Effects in the Works of Nature," which remained long in manuscript, and was published in 1866. Girard died about 1873, and Major Wal- thall delivered an oration in his memory. In 18 5 5 there blazed forth upon the American reading world the work of the Rev. Joseph Hoit Ingraham, who for a time was rector of St. John's: but this author actually began his literary career before he entered the ministry. It was in 18 3 6 that he published "Southwest by a Yankee," and also "The American Lounger." It was In this same period that he wrote and published "Lafitts or the Pirate of the Gulf." Then came a long rest of near twenty years, and an entire change ol scene and of motives. When next Mr. Ingraham took up his pen it was in the cause of religion. He preceded Sienkiewicz both in purpose and in achievement; and in his day had a vogue that was as remarkable for that day as that which later was gained by the author of "Quo Vadis?" The three books from his study were "The Prince of the House of David," 1855; "The Pillar of Fire," 1859, and "The Throne of David," 1860; all pub- lished in New York. William Russell Smith began his career here in 18 37, which appears to have spread over nearly 40 years of time. Mr. Smith was a lawye? by profession, a graduate of the University, and a captain in the Creek war, member of both the United States and the Confederate congress, and in 18 65 received a flattering vote for governor. He had the distinction of originating and editing the first literary magazine in the state, called "The Batchelor's Button," published in Mobile; 1837-38. About the same time he wrote a play entitled "Aaron Burr," a tragedy which was played here, Mr. Smith having a part in its per- formance. Sol. Smith, the then well known actor, manager and writer, declared this play "a work Df genius." In 1860, Mr. Smith published in Montgomery "The Uses of Solitude, a Poem;" and in 1871, in Tuscaloosa, "Key to the Iliad of Homer, for Use of Schools, Academies and Colleges," which Brower stamps as "an excellent transla- tion." Dr. Josiah Nott is likely to be remembered longest for being the first to suggest that it was probable that the germ of yellow fever was con- veyed by an Insect of some kind. His name be- came known to the world, however, for his orig- inal studies in ethnology. He advanced theories that aroused no little antagonism because of what would now-a-days be called their liberal tendency. In 184 4, he published "The Bible and the Physical History of Man." In 18 54, "Types of Mankind." En 1857, "Indigenous Races of the Earth," all bearing a Philadelphia imprint. Mobile's first woman writer was Mrs. Cath- erine van R. S. Hale, a school teacher. She wrote a romance entitled "Grandchildren of Mr. Ar- mond;" and a book of essaj^s, called "Saturday Evenings," New York imprint, 1845. Mobile's first, last and only Indian author was Dixon W. Lewis, who died as a missionery in the Indian territory in 1857. Lewis performed the remarkable feat of translating the books of Joshua, Judges and Ruth into the Choctaw lan- guage. The book was published in Mobile in 1852. A poet of high position in the estimation of admirers of scholarly work was Henry Lynden Flash, once a resident of Mobile, where his poems tvere written. As far as known here, he published but one book, bearing the one word "Poems," and printed in New York in 18 55. Alexander Meek. Alexander Beaufort Meek was a lawyer, the occupant of many public offices, associate editor of The Register under Thaddeus Sanford, and a writer of considerable note. "One of the lights of his day and generation of the mind," was said of him by the Rev. Philip Phillips Neely. His pro- ductions all came into print in two years' time, beginning in 18 5 5, with "Red Eagle, a Poem," reciting the romantic history of William Weather- ford, the Muscogee chief. Next, in 1857, appeared "Romantic Passages in Southwestern History, In- cluding Orations, Sketches and Essays," 12 mo. Mobile. The third work was "Songs and Poems of the South," published also in 1857, with Mobile imprint. Of unfixed date is a small volume of verse, entitled "Magnolia Leaves and Orange Blossoms." "His works were received with marked favor," says Brewer. Judge Meek was the first to contribute chapters upon Alabama history, a then wholly unworked field, and he it was who fixed the motto for Alabama, as meaning in the Indian tongue, "Here We Rest." s Julia Harris. Of this writer nothing tangible is found, save these few words in Reynolds' rem- iniscences of Judge Meek: "It was to him that the Mobile poetess, Julia Harris, was indebted for much, if not most of her reputation, for he would carefully revise her compositions, and recommend them to public notice." Next in order is Captain Raphael Semmes, afterwards admiral of the Southern Confedercy, who published in 18 57, with a Cincinnati im- print, a memoir, entitled "Service Afloat and Ashore During the Mexican War." After his brilliant career in the war of 1861-65 as com- mander of the "Alabama," he wrote his Memoirs of Service Afloat During the War Between the States," Baltimore, 1869. "Madam" LeVert, that is to say, Octavia Wal- ton, daughter of Governor George Walton of Georgia, and wife of Dr. Henry S. LeVert of Mo- bile, was the most brilliant woman that ever adorned Mobile society. She was a linguist, gifted in conversation, and had a wide acquaintance. She was the center of social life and conducted suc- cessfully what is known as a "salon," in the French style. "Such a woman occurs but once in the course of an empire," said Washington Irving with reference to Madam LeVert. She published her memoirs under the title "Souvenirs of Travel," 2 volumes, Mobile, 1857. It was two years prior to the last named date that another very brilliant writer appeared upon the literary horizon, but because of her youth at that time and the long period of her literary ac- tivity, extending into the twentieth century indeed, she was accounted a member of a succeeding generation. Augusta Evans, afterwards Mrs. Wil- son, was the young writer's name and her first novel was "Inez," published in 1855. "Beulah" followed in 1859 and had immediate success, run- ning through several editions in a few month's time, bringing fame to the author not yet in her twentieth year. Then followed "Macaria," 18 64; "St. Elmo," 1866; "Vashti," 1869; "Infelice," 1875: then a break of twelve years to "At the Mercy of Tiberius," in 1887; her last work being a little romance, "A Speckled Bird," printed in 1902. There was high purpose in all of her writings, art being secondary, but by no means neglected. All of her works have been republished in England; and "St. Elmo" has appeared in both French and German. Her chief success was in describing with realistic force situations that were highly dra- matic. She easily claimed and held the attention of her readers. The Rev. Norman Pinney was rector of the old Christ Church, and was an educator of note, attracting students from New Orleans and else- where. Pinney's College was a handsome build- ing that faced Government street, where the D. R. Dunlap home now stands. Mr. Pinney wrote school text books. His French Grammar was rated as the best for instruction in that language. Joseph Seawell, a lawyer, published "Volen- tia, a Play in Five Acts," Mobile, 1859. William Walker, "the grey-eyed man of des- tiny," who made two expeditions out of Mobile with the hope of establishing rule in Central America, the last proving fatal to him and his hopes, honored Mobile to the extent of publishing here in 18 60 his only book, entitled, "War in Nica- ragua." Walker was a native of Tennessee, and journalist by profession and filibuster by trade. One of the last of the survivors of his party was Captain Billy Williamson, chief of police under the late mayor, R. B. Owen, Nothing appears known of the Rev. Charles W. Thomas as a Mobile author, save what is told in his book "Adventures and Observations on the West Coast of Africa," Mobile, 18 60. The book is remarkable for containing several woodcut pic- tures from drawings made by the author; and is altogether a high grade example of the book- printer's art. Augustus Requier. Augustus Julian Requier was a poet of dis- tinction, native of Charleston, and resident here for fifteen years after 1850, practicing' his pro- fession of the law here, and afterwards in New York City. He was district attorney here under the United States and the Confederacy. He pub- lished under Philadelphia imprint in 1860 a vol- ume of "Poems." Included in this collection were a long poem entitled "Legend of Tremaine," and a shorter one, entitled "Ashes of Glory," on which last his fame is founded. Another considerable poem bears the name of "The Spanish Exile." He wrote also two plays, and a romance, the titles of which do not appear to have been preserved. Davidson says of Requier: "In ideal purity and symmetrical art, he stands clearly among the first 10 poets of the South." When Requier left Mobile one of the newspapers spoke of him as an orator who blended the impassioned fervor of Prentiss with the laboriously informed acumen of Pinck- ney and "a literateur whose productions are fore- most amongst those who illustrate the artistic re- sources of his section." The war period has but brief representation. Madam Adelaide de Vondel Chaudron translated Muhlback's "Joseph II. and His Court," and the publication was in Mobile, in 1864, upon wrap- ping paper, and with wall-paper covers. The book had great vogue in the camps of the Con- federate Soldiers, where it rivalled Victor Hugo's dramatic story that was spoken of by the soldiers as "Lee's Miserables." Madam Chaudron pre- pared at this time also a "Third Reader for the Use of Primary Schools;" and in 18 67, a "Fourth Reader, on an Original Plan." Major E. G. McKnight was the other war- time writer. It cannot be learned whether he published any but fugitive verses; but these that have survived have original turns of thought. The Confederate major was a prisoner on Lake Erie. Under his nom de guerre of "Asa Hearts," ho wrote many a pathetic line and not a few humor- ous lines describing his situation. The after-the-war period begins with Mrs. Elizabeth W. Bellamy, writing under the style of "Kamba Thorp." Her first work was "Fair Oaks," published in 1867; next "Little Joanna," 1876; "Old Man Gilbert," 1888, unquestionably of permanent literary value; and "Penny Lancas- ter, Farmer," 189 0. Mr. J. S. Knight, whose writing name was "Perilla." No particulars, 1868. Bernard J. Reynolds, signing himself "Old Mo- bile," 1869. Bernard Reynolds wrote and published "Sketches of Mobile," describing men and inci- dents coming within his purview before the war. Thomas Cooper DeLeon a most prolific writer of all kinds and of very unequal quality, and author of one work of exceptional value, "Four Years in Rebel Capitals," published in 1892, the same being sketches, annecdotes and descriptive of Mr. DeLeon's personal experiences in Montgom- ery and in Richmond in war times. Of nearly equal interest is a later work on the same lines, entitled "Belles, Beaux and Brains of the 60's," 11 written after Mr. DeLeon was stricken with blind- ness, and published in 1907. Mr. DeLeon died in March, 1914. His other writings were: "South Songs," 1866; "Cross Purposes," 1867; "Hamlet ye Dismal, a Travesty," 18 70; "Rock or the Rye," 1887; "Juny," 1890; "The Pair Blockade Breaker," 1891; "The Puritan's Daughter," 189 2; "John Holden, Unionist," written in collaboration with Erwin Ledyard, 1893; "A Bachelor's Box," 1897; "The Pride of the Mercers," 1898; "The Life of Joe Wheeler," 1899; "Confederate Memories," 1899; "History of Creole Carnivals," 1899; "Tales from the Coves," 1903; and "The Passing of Arlo Haine," 1905. Erwin Ledyard, mentioned above as collab- orator with Thomas Cooper DeLeon in writing "John Holden, Unionist," supplied the scenes and incidents of most realistic value in this work. He wrote and published in The Register verses of considerable merit. Colonel Joseph Hodgson, for a long time editor of The Register, was a master of English style, a clear and incisive writer. He wrote and pub- lished a "Manual and Statistical Register," the first handbook of Alabama; also his memoirs of war times in Montgomery in a volume entitled "The Cradle of the Confederacy," 1870. Frederick G. Bromberg: Several brochures contributed to the papers of the Iberville Histori- cal Society; also a disquisition upon "The Proofs of Existence of a Supreme Being," Mobile, 1885. Miss Charlee H. Garner: "Ring of Rhymes and Short Stories," 1875. Judge Saffold Berney: "Handbook of Ala- bama," 1878; second edition, 189 2. R. Moore: "Universal and Complete Mechin- ics, Containing Over One Million Industrial Facts," Mobile, 1879. J. Hunter Smith: "Tunings of a Harp," New York, 1879. Father Ryan. The Rev. Abram Joseph Ryan, the poet- priest of the South, and most brilliant star in Mo- bile's literary firmament, for a long time rector of St. Mary's, and in whose honor as poet and priest a monument was erected in Mobile in July, 1913. The poet's verses are familiar in every household of the South: "Poems, Patriotic, Religious and Miscellaneous," Mobile, 1879; Baltimore, 1880. 12 "The Crown of Our Queen, a Poem," Baltimore, 1882. Louis de Vondel Chaudron: "Madame Le Mar- quise, a Comedetta," Mobile, 1884. Mrs. Mary E. Henry-Ruffin, L. H. D.: Suc- cessful v/riter in poetry and prose, and gifted with fine imaginative powers. Published, "Drift- ing Leaves," 1884; "John Gildart," 1900; "The North Star," 1904; "Eden on the James;" "The Sphinx," 1910; "The Shield of Silence," 1914. Paul Ravesies: "Scenes and Settlers of Ala- bama," by Sub Rosa, Mobile, 1885. Thomas ■ Q. Barnes: "Southern and Miscel- laneous Poems," Mobile, 1886. Marienne G. Spratley: "Confessions of Two," New York, 188 6. Elizabeth W. Stephen, co-author with Mrs. Spratley of "Confessions of Two." The Right Rev. Bishop Richard Hooker Wil- mer, distinguished as a minister, as conversation- alist, a wit and a writer: "The Recent Past from a Southern Standpoint," New York, 188 7; the subhead of this work is "Reminiscences of a Grandfather." E. Q. Norton: "Construction and Tuning of the Piano," Boston, 1887. Mrs. Mary Smith: "Poems and Essays," Mo- bile, 1888. Willis G. Clark: "The History of Education in Alabama," Mobile, 1889. Hannis Taylor, who in his field, has achieved more distinction than any other in America, hav- ing devoted a large part of his time to original research into the history of fundamental English law: "The Origin and Growth of the English Constitution," 1889; "International Public Law," 1902; "Jurisdiction and Procedure of the Su- preme Court of the United States," 1904; "The Science of Jurisprudence," 1908. "The Origin and Growth of the American Constitution," 1911; "Real Authorship of the Constitution of the United States Explained," 1912. Paul J. Robert: "Grand Terre, a Romance of Older Creole Days" (published in serial form), 1890. Anne Bozeman Lyon, one of the most success- ful of Mobile's writers of fiction; of remarkable 13 industry; and contributor to many magazines: "No Saint," Louisville, 18 9 0. "Padre Filipo," 1895. Stories and serials in magazines as follows: "The Mourner," 1892; "Chitto Marriage," 1901; "Casl- mir Jacques," 1913; "An Abiding Faith," 1913. Frances Irwin Huntington: "Wife of the Sun; a Legend of the Natchez," Mobile, 1892. Celia Anderson: "Jule Maghee's Anarchy," Mo- bile, 1892. P. J. Hamilton. Peter Joseph Hamilton, the historian of tho French settlement of Mobile, and the first to put this history upon a sure basis of fact by his studies of the records in Paris, Madrid, London, Quebec, New Orleans and Mobile, a work of greatest value. Mr. Hamilton is a lawyer by profession, and is United States judge of Porto Rico. His writings: "Rambles in Historic Lands," New York, 1893; "Art Work of Mobile and Vicinity," 1894; "Colo- nial Mobile," Boston, 1897 and (second edition), 1910; "City Code" of Mobile, 1897; "The Coloni- zation of the South," 1904; "The Reconstruction Period," 1905, (in the Series of the History of North America, published in Philadelphia) ; "Mobile of the Five Flags," a school history. Mo- bile, 1913. This book is distinguished as being wholly a home product. Mr. Hamilton was the organizer and until his a,ppointment to the federal judgship of Porto Rico in 1913 president of the Iberville Historical Society of Mobile, and a fre- quent contributor to. its memorabilia. Dr. Henry A. Moody: professor of the Medi- cal Department, University of Alabama: "City Without a Name," London, 1898. Mary Anne McGill: "Little Orphan Annie and Her Friends," New York, 1899. Mrs. Mary McNeill FenoUosa, whose pen name is "Sidney McCall," a much admired writer of verse and fiction. She has published as follows: "A Flight of Verses," 1899; "Children's Verses on Japanese Subjects," 189 9; "The Dragon Painter," 1906; "Truth Dexter," 1906; "The Breath of the Gods," 1906; "Red Horse Hill," 1909; "Ariadne of Allan Water," 1914. Dr. Charles Mohr: "Plant Life in Alabama," (published in Reports of the Alabama Geological Survey, 1901.) Dr. Dillon J. Spotswood: "Out of the Beaten Track," by Nuverbis, New York, 1901. 14 Annie Shillito: This writer of mucla good verse, not as yet collected and publislied, was the successful competitor lor The Register pi'ize on the occasion of the celebration, January 23, 1902, of the founding of Fort Louis de la Mobile. The poem, which obtained the instant and unanimous approval of the judges, was entitled "The Vision of Bienville," was read at the celebration, but not by its author, and was printed in due form in Tha Register. Miss Shillito's shorter poems most noted are "The Star Land," "Carpe Diem," "Ad Torquatum," the last two being metrical transla- tions of the odes of Horace. Hugh G. Barclay: contributor of verses to magazines, newspapers, the product of his leisure when not engaged in his business as a railroad man. All his lines are imbued with a profoundly religious and patriotic spirit, and much praise is given both the sentiment and the versification. Garrard Harris: "Joe, the Book Farmer," New York, 1913. A wholly original presentation of th« work of intensive farming in the South, and prac- tical results. Mrs. Lura Harris Craighead: "Lessons in Par- liamentary Law," prepared in order to assist women in performing creditably and correctly such public offices as may fall to them in the present day of enlarged women-activity in public affairs, Mobile, 1914. Emma Langdon Roche: "Historic Sketches of the South," New York, 1914; showing a thorough study, and the presentation for the first time of the history of the "Clotilde" voyage, the last im- portation of slaves into the United States, and what became of the slaves, their personality and characteristics, with pictures of their leading men and women from sketches made by the author. Other Writers. Of law writers, there were Judge Harry Toul- min, the grandfather of the present judge of that name, who compiled the "Laws of Alabama," in 18 23; Alexander McKinstry, 1859; Francis P.. Clark, Jr., in 1878; and Edward W. Faith, address, upon "A Simple Title," Mobile, 1911. Writers of sermons, published separately or in book form: The Revs. Wiliam T. Hamilton, 1833; Elisha Cowles, 1835; Henry B. Bascombe, 1850; 15 Nahaniel P. Knapp, 1855; Philip Phillips Neely, 1881; W. J. E. Cox, 1907; and H. W. Fancher, 1911. Medical Writers: Dr. P. H. Lewis, who was awarded a medal in 18 47 by the Alabama Medica.l Society for his essay upon the "Medical History of Alabama;" Dr. R. Lee Fearn, "Essay upon the Diseases of Mobile," 1850. Writers who at some time lived in Mobile: The Rev. John N. Maffit, revivalist, who died her© in 18 5 0, wrote the "Nautilus." The Rev. William Henry Milburn, the blind Chaplain of Congress: "Ten Years of a Preacher's Life," 18 59; "Pioneer Preachers and People of the Mississippi Valley," 1860. Theodore O'Hara, at on© time associate editor of The Register: "The Bivouac of the Dead," 185 5; "A Dirge for the Brave Old Pioneer,'' 18 60. Paul A. Towne, principal of Barton Academy: An Algebra, Louisville, 1865. The Rev. Niles Pierce, rector of St, John's, and afterwards bishop of Arkansas: "Henry VIII, and his Court;" translated from Muhlbach, 1865; "The Agnostic and other Poems," New York, 1884. Kate Cum- ming: "Journal of Hospital Life in the Army of the Tennessee," 18 6 6. John T. Wiswall, whose boyhood was spent in Mobile, published "The Last Crusader," a poem, London, 1867. His mis- cellany contains a poem upon Mobile revisited. William d'Alton Mann: "The Raider," 1868. Noah M. Ludlow: "Dramatic Life as I Found It," St. Louis, 1888. Naaman R. Baker: "Constancy," and other Poems," Mt. Morris, 111.. 18 8 4. The Rev, Henry Berkowitz: "Judaism on the Social Ques- tion," New York, 1888. Mrs. Lizzie York Case: Essays and poems the most notable being verses entitled: "There is no Unbelief," 1885. Amelie Rives Troubetzkoy: 'The Quick and the Dead," 1888; and other fiction. John Wilford Overall: "Catecliism of the Constitution of the United States," 1896. Nina Picton. Gabriel Boudous- quie: "Poet^ a Tragedy in Three Acts," New York. 1899. Prentiss Ingraliam: Stories, poems, serials for newspapers and magazines, 1869 to 1905. — ERWIN CRAIGHEAD. President of the Iberville Historical Society. Mobile, Ala., September, 1914. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS "0 012 079 261 lli