emoryP 
 ile5tones 
 
 Seventy Years '.y* 
 Bust Life« 
 
 P I T T5B U R G H *r 
 
 Percy F. Smith 
 1848-1918 
 
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 Book. T fiSb t r 
 
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 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
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EMORY'S 
 ILESTONES 
 
 Reminiscences of Seventy Years 
 of a Busy Life in Pittsburgh 
 
 BY 
 
 PERCY F. SMITH 
 
 As life runs on, the road grows strange 
 With faces new, and near the end 
 
 The milestones into headstones change, 
 'Neath every one a Friend. 
 
 —LOWELL 
 
 DECEMBER 25 1918 
 

 COPYRIGHT 1918 
 
 BY 
 
 PERCY F. SMITH 
 
 PITTSBURGH 
 
 DEC 19 1918 
 
 ©GI.A506952 
 
 Ivi, 
 
The first "to sit with me by the fire" was 
 
 SYLVESTER STEPHEN MARVIN 
 
 More familiarly known in Pittsburgh as S. S. Marvin; 
 
 To the Boy Toll Collector on a Missouri river ferry boat, in the pioneer 
 days of crossing rivers by boats instead of bridges, when his authority 
 was enforced by a brace of revolvers; 
 
 To the Soldier of the War of the Rebellion; 
 
 To the Manufacturer at the close of the war, whose far-sightedness in 
 regard to the possibilities of Pittsburgh led him to invest his all, and 
 lend his best energies for the development and uplift of the city; 
 
 To the Public Spirited Citizen, who assisted liberally in founding many 
 prominent institutions which helped materially in making Pittsburgh 
 famous the world over; 
 
 To the Man whose benevolences and philanthropies have quietly kept pace 
 with his varied and large achievements in Commerce, Finance and 
 Industry; 
 
 To him, my life-long Friend, yea more, a Brother, may I say, 
 I affectionately dedicate this volume. 
 
Come, sit by fee fire 
 
 Cbe sfxtv-T if tft birthday greeting of Percy T. Smitft, 
 wrouabt into vmt by bis friend, Geo. m. P. Baird. 
 
 Come sit with me, my friend, by my heart's Dearth to-night, 
 Ht Vuletide shall old joys abide beside w$ in its light. 
 
 five and three-score years, to-day, l round in Cimes, despite, 
 $o friend, Come sit by the fire. 
 
 many are the Pleasant folk I've met along the road, 
 faring down the marchant Ways, sharing bread with me ; 
 
 Crusting in each other, we have journeyed merrily, 
 And now we'll rest by the fire. 
 
 We have wrought and fought, full long for heaven and the State 
 Ualiant battles we have lost, but the war is won ; 
 
 Borne we march victorious, beneath the setting sun, 
 Co sit in peace, by the fire. 
 
 And evermore upon Bis Day Who game in Eove of man, 
 for Soul-wine and loaves o' love beneath »'$ holly'tree 
 
 Bere, or out beyond the vale, I'll call you back to me 
 With, Come friend, sit by the fire. 
 
 Che Dreaming Child Went Eong Ago 
 
 On bis sepentietb birthday by Geo. m. P. Baird 
 
 Che dreaming child went long ago, 
 
 Che eager play-boy had his time, 
 youth leaped in lustihood, the man 
 
 fought upward to his prime; 
 Chey passed, these earlier selves, but still 
 
 Cheir spirit bides, and Tate 
 Bath vanquished not the dream or play 
 
 Or young man's valor, and today 
 my ungreyed, youthful heart they till, 
 
 Chough T be seventy. 
 
JUST A WORD OR TWO 
 
 WHAT is more satisfying, more soulful, than to sit by the fire with a friend, 
 or chum, and have him recall the names of those whom you both knew 
 in the past, maybe the long past, recount incidents in their lives, some of which 
 you had almost forgotten but mighty glad to have revived? 
 
 Well, there isn't anything. 
 
 Everyone who has lived a score or more years in any city has lost track of 
 many whom he had known, and who were well worth remembering, besides hav- 
 ing almost forgotten others who were more or less in the limelight. The mention 
 of their names, or a reference to some peculiar characteristic, brings back pleas- 
 ant memories, if not tender recollections. You know that when you go back 
 home again you spend most of your time asking about those whom you once 
 knew, even to the boys and girls with whom you went to school. 
 
 And what could be more delightful than to meet up with some one who had 
 spent a long and busy life here in Pittsburgh, one with an unusual memory for 
 names and events, besides having a wide acquaintance with the best men and 
 women, and the happy faculty of bringing them to mind, introducing them to 
 the circle gathered around a cozy, wholesome fireplace? 
 
 This is just what your good friend, and mine, Percy F. Smith, has done in 
 this book. He doesn't bore you with statistics, nor weary you with family 
 pedigrees, or obituaries, — just calls up from the past folks whom you have 
 known, or at least have heard of, and introduces them for old acquaintance sake. 
 
 There is hardly another man in this city who can do this as well as Percy F. 
 Smith, newspaper reporter, correspondent, publicist and business man since 1865, 
 a good mixer and a splendid, wholesome fellow, with a matchless memory for 
 names and faces, incident and event, and withal jovial and knows where a joke 
 belongs. 
 
 
PERCY F. SMITH. 
 
 WHEN one has survived his three-score-and-tenth birthday, and lived dur- 
 ing all that time in one community, and been an upright, intelligent, 
 industrious and efficient member thereof, as Mr. Smith has been, he has natur- 
 ally become the repository, as this book shows, of a vast and varied fund of 
 valuable and interesting information about men with whom and things with 
 which he became directly and indirectly identified — personally, officially, com- 
 mercially, industrially, religiously, politically and otherwise. Was there ever 
 anything worth while going on in Pittsburgh, or anybody worth knowing, or 
 anything worth doing, in the last half century, that Mr. Smith did not have 
 some connection therewith in some important or useful way? Deponent re- 
 calls none. And all this without any self-seeking on his part. The simple fact 
 is that he has been a needful man, a capable, useful, enterprising citizen, al- 
 ways willing to take off his coat, roll up his sleeves and put his shoulder to the 
 wheel of every car designed to carry Pittsburgh forward on the highway of 
 progress and prosperity, and make her what she is today, the Industrial Won- 
 der-City of the World. 
 
 When at 16 years of age Mr. Smith really began his business career as 
 office boy in 1865 in the old Chronicle office on Fifth avenue, the editor was W. 
 
 A. Collins, and the business manager Joseph G. Siebeneck. Mr. Collins was 
 one of the conspicously able editors of his period, noted for his exceptional 
 literary acquirements. Associated with him were Daniel O'Neill, E. M. 
 O'Neill, A. W. Rook, C. E. Locke, C. D. Brigham, William Anderson, David 
 Fickes and David Lowry. Learning in a school where newspaper men such 
 as these were his associates and instructors, it was but natural he should 
 acquire a thorough knowledge of his profession. He is sole survivor of the 
 Chronicle staff of 1865. He became a star reporter, especially of interesting 
 trials in the county courts. A very swift, easy, longhand writer, his mind 
 grasping quickly the essential points of testimony, his reports for the Chronicle, 
 and in later years for the Dispatch, were remarkable for their fullness of im- 
 portant detail and exceptional accuracy. Judges and lawyers placed great 
 reliance upon them in their office reviewals of and summaries of proceedings. 
 
 The dailies were much more attentive to court news 30 and 40 years ago 
 than they are now, and when there was a trial, especially in the criminal 
 branches, in which the public was deeply interested, it was a usual day's work 
 with Mr. Smith to provide the Dispatch with a report that occupied five and 
 six of its long columns. There never was but one reporter in Pittsburgh 
 his equal in capacity for speedy and accurate news writing. This was William 
 
 B. Horner, of the old Gazette. In a celebrated ecclesiastical trial — the Gray 
 case — in the old Liberty Avenue M. E. Church, about 1875, Mr. Horner, in one 
 day's longhand reporting, filled eight columns of the Gazette. He wrote from 
 the hour the trial court began its sitting in the forenoon until his paper went 
 to press about 3 o'clock next morning. It was this ambitious industry, long 
 continued, that put young Horner in his premature grave in 1881. His was a 
 
noble character enshrined in a fragile, nervous body. Step by step he had gone 
 up from carrier boy of the Gazette until made managing editor, which respon- 
 sible position he was holding at the time of his death. 
 
 Mr. Smith, in connection with the late Hon. Morrison Foster, had the honor 
 of giving the permanence of publication in bound book form to the music and 
 songs of Stephen C. Foster — a treasure of priceless value now in thousands of 
 homes all over this land. 
 
 Mr. Smith's friendships have been notably enduring. His character is 
 strongly independent, the usual concomitant of wholesome purpose to follow 
 the dictates of one's own judgment rather than leadership of others. It is 
 curious that a mentality so congenial to humor should also delight to revel 
 in such abstract things as statistics, in which Mr. Smith has found the pleas- 
 ure and profit of numerous local publications in transient and permanent form. 
 
 He knows how to make facts and figures move, talk, walk, preach and 
 prophesy ; how to give big things their rightful importance, and illuminate the 
 real value of little things; how even thereby to suggest romances and paint 
 colorful pictures in industry and commerce — all to the glorification of 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 His head is like Keller's magical hat. One can get almost anything out of 
 the inside, albeit there is mighty little on the outside. 
 
 Now, when the busy day's troubles are over, and darkness softly drops its 
 encircling curtain ; when the serene dream-hour of evening unbidden comes, 
 as it often does to us all, how gratifying it must be to Mr. Smith, sitting by his 
 own fireside, to look back over the long vista of his 70 mile-posts of life, and 
 reflectively note that there runs in unbroken festoons from post to post an 
 endless garland of beautiful flowers, the tributary wealth of thousands of 
 warm personal friendships and cordial good wills. With so sweet a vision to 
 engage him, 
 
 " — the night shall be filled with music, 
 
 And the cares that infest the day 
 Shall fold their tents like the Arabs, 
 
 And as silently steal away." 
 
 And mayhap he will also beguile himself for a moment in this hour of 
 retrospection with the tender sentiment that inspired these lines of Proctor's : 
 
 "Touch us gently, Time! 
 
 Let us glide adown thy stream 
 Gently, — as we sometimes glide 
 Through a quiet dream. 
 
 "Humble voyagers are we 
 
 O'er life's dim, unsounded sea, 
 Seeking only some calm clime ; — 
 
 Touch us gently, gentle Time." 
 
 John S. Ritenour. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Historical Episodes - - - i to 58 
 
 Personal Reminiscences - 61 to 112 
 
 Pittsburgh's Patriotic Record "5 to 118 
 
 Civil War Incidents 121 to 138 
 
 Tales That Are Told 141 to 168 
 
 Great Statesmen - - 171 to 184 
 
 George Washington ------- 171 
 
 Abraham Lincoln ------- 174 
 
 James A. Garfield -------- 179 
 
 Benjamin Harrison ------- 180 
 
 William McKinley 180 
 
 Theodore Roosevelt l8 i 
 
 The World's War - - - - 187 to 204 
 
 Our National Anthems - - - - - - - 207 to 210 
 
 Remember --------- 210 
 
 Things Which We Should Forget - - - - 216 
 
 The Greatest 4th of July 213 to 224 
 
 The Public Schools 224 
 
 Our Stewardship -------- 224 
 
 The Quiet Hour - - - 227 to 256 
 
 Wit and Humor - - - - 259 to 270 
 
 Pittsburgh Briefly Told - - - - - - - 273 to 292 
 
 The Last Word 2 °2 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 The Author 
 Sylvester Stephen Marvin. 
 Henry J. Heinz. 
 John A. Brashear. 
 Ezra P. Young. 
 Erasmus Wilson. 
 Wilson MoCandless. 
 William W. McKennan. 
 James P. Sterrett. 
 Edwin M. Stanton. 
 William Flinn. 
 
 Christopher L. Magee. 
 Robert S. McKean. 
 Albert J. Logan. 
 Albert P. Burchfield. 
 Thomas M. King. 
 John S. Scully. 
 William Phillips. 
 Richard Realf. 
 John W. Pittock. 
 Robert Woods. 
 
MURDOCH-KERR PRESS 
 PITTSBURGH 
 
Ibistotical Epfsobes 
 
"Friend, come sit with me 
 By the fire." 
 
Memory's Milestones 
 
 THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD. 
 
 IN SLAVERY days it was a crime to give a drink of water to a colored man 
 fleeing from his master; but the abolitionists on the route of the "Old 
 Underground Railroad" from Virginia via West Middletown, Eldersville and 
 other places in Washington county, through Allegheny county and Butler to 
 Canada, took many chances in their efforts to aid the flight of escaping slaves. 
 
 While on a visit in Washington county nearly 40 years ago the author 
 encountered several persons whose fathers had been directors of the railroad; 
 and one man told of a master who, with bloodhounds and big blacksnake 
 whip, traced his slave to the barn of a citizen in West Middletown, demand- 
 ing his immediate surrender. 
 
 The Justice of the Peace told the master he would release the slave, but 
 would demand $100 bond that the slave belonged to him. The "Simon 
 Legree" from the South, of course, could not give the bond, but offered the 
 $100 in money. The Justice refused the money and the master returned 
 "bootless." 
 
 That night the slave was speeded away through Allegheny county and 
 Butler to the Canadian shores. 
 
 Matthew McKeever, of Eldersville, a blind man, was the person the 
 author wished to see, but a friend told him what was wanted, and his answer 
 is set forth in the appended interesting letter: 
 
 "Near Eldersville, Pa., Sept. 17, 1880. 
 
 "Yours of Sept. nth came duly to hand wishing me to tell you what I 
 knew of 'old John Brown.' I was intimately acquainted with him. He came 
 to me the winter of 1842 to buy some fine sheep. I sold him 30 fine ewes (I 
 do not remember the price). He said he had rented a large farm and would 
 like to go into the sheep business, but had not the means to buy ; would like 
 to have some on the shares for four years. I gave him 200 head of fine ewes 
 for four years, on conditions which I send you written with his own hand; 
 and also a letter after he had taken off the first clip. The wool was sent to 
 Lowell and I received half the money. 
 
 "After that a wealthy man named Simon Perkins, who lived near Akron, 
 Summit County, Ohio, who owned a large farm — he and Brown agreed to go 
 in partnership and go into the wool growing largely. My interest being in 
 the way, they wrote to me to know what I would take for my interest in the 
 
4 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 200 ewes. I wrote to them that they knew what they were worth better than 
 I ; for them to write me what they would give and I would answer whether I 
 would take it or not. They answered by making me an offer of $2,400, $1,800 
 in hand and a note for $600, to be paid in the Massillon Bank, Massillon, Ohio. 
 When I got the letter I went out, got the money and note and signed my 
 right over to them, and came home. 
 
 "Among hands I lost that note and I wrote to the bank if anyone offered 
 it there not to receive it. When the note came due I wrote a receipt against 
 the note and got my brother Thomas to sign it and I went over to get the 
 money. Mr. Perkins said he did not know me or my brother, but if I would 
 get Samuel Patterson to sign it he would pay the money. I told him I could 
 get 50 names to it if he wanted them. I came home, got Patterson's name to it. 
 I sent the receipt back with Campbell McKeever and Perkins paid him the 
 money — all but one dollar — which he kept out to fee a lawyer. Old John Brown 
 followed Campbell out and told him his father had no right to lose that dollar, 
 and gave him one. If ever there was a man honest to a fault, it was this 'old 
 John Brown.' I believe if he owed a man 10 cents he would go 10 miles out of 
 his way to give it to him, if he could not get it to him any other way. 
 
 "You wish to know something of my experience with the underground 
 railroad. I was a director of that road for 40 years. The kind of cars we used 
 was a good spring wagon, with a chicken coop in each end and the Darkies 
 in the middle, with a good cover over them. 
 
 "The most slaves I ever shipped at once was eight. They came to our 
 house about daybreak one morning before any of us was up, except a colored 
 man, John Jordan; he took them and hid them on the sheep shed loft and 
 kept them there four weeks, and although we had a family of 18 or 20, there 
 was not one of them knew they were there, not even my wife. They were fed 
 all of that time out of our spring house and kitchen by John Jordan. 
 
 "There was never anything discovered, only a hired girl told Mrs. Mc- 
 Keever somebody was stealing our bread. 
 
 "That was the first time we ever kept any of them, and our reason this 
 time was because we supposed their masters were watching the Canadian 
 shore, which happened to be true; but they got tired waiting. 
 
 "The next lot shipped was one which was brought from Wheeling, W. 
 Va., to Bethany, Brooke County, W. Va., to my brother-in-law's, Joseph 
 Bryant, who lived there, who was a great Abolitionist. At that time my son 
 Campbell was going to school there and Bryant sent them up to my house 
 with William Arney and Campbell, and I shipped them to Pittsburgh. This 
 fellow that brought them to Bryant's turned 'state's evidence,' and told their 
 masters of Bryant's feeding them and sending them away; and their masters 
 set the sheriff on Bryant and took him to Wheeling, and Bryant refused to 
 give bail, and they put him in jail in Wheeling, and he was there 15 days 
 before the court came off, and while he was there they offered $500 to anyone 
 who would bring me into Wheeling dead or alive. 
 
 "But I did not venture down about that time. 
 
 "They kept the fellow who brought them to Bryant for a witness, and 
 when court came off the Judge decided 'that they could not punish an accom- 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 5 
 
 plice while the principal was at large,' and Bryant was sent home. Had other 
 cases similar. My brother Tommy shipped a good many. I think as near as 
 I can recollect the number I shipped was about 35 or 40. 
 
 "I was acquainted with a great many slaves and their masters, and I 
 never advised a slave to run away from his master, but when they came to me 
 I helped them all I could. When Brown was to be hung his brother came to 
 me and we went to Wheeling. He telegraphed to F. A. Wise to know if he 
 could see his brother if he would come. Wise answered, 'No, he could not 
 see him if he did come,' so we came back to Middletown and Brown deliv- 
 ered two or three Abolition lectures and went back home to Ohio. 
 
 "Yours respectfully, 
 
 "MATTHEW McKEEVER." 
 
 HALF A CENTURY WITH THE NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 FIFTY years ago marvelous changes occurred in our newspapers. Daniel 
 O'Neill and Alexander W. Rook, practical printers and trained and 
 sagacious newspaper workers — the character of men who found real first- 
 class newspapers — had just acquired the Dispatch property from the heirs 
 of Colonel J. Heron Foster. As reporters of news, Messrs. O'Neill and 
 Rook had been accustomed to prepare their items at the case without 
 the formality of manuscript, reading the proof from the type when the com- 
 posing stick was full. They were especially gifted with newspaper ability, and 
 had a wide acquaintance, and at once began the task of leading the Dispatch into 
 further fields of usefulness, and incidentally the city out of its swaddling clothes 
 into "long pants." And for over 50 years the names of O'Neill and Rook have 
 stood for success in every detail of modern journalism. 
 
 Just about this time various other newspapers changed hands, and had new 
 life infused into them, while from time to time, to fill a "long-felt want," new 
 ventures in the way of local competing dailies and spirited weeklies were bom. 
 The battle royal for supremacy followed. 
 
 Of the staff of two of the leading papers in March, 1865, the Dispatch 
 morning, and the old Chronicle, evening, there is but one known survivor, who 
 in later years was a member of the reportorial corps of the Dispatch, the author 
 of this volume. 
 
 In 1865 Andrew Johnson became President of the United States and Col. 
 N. P. Sawyer and some others launched the Republic in opposition to the Post, 
 the Democratic daily. Later came John W. Pittock's Sunday Leader, with 
 Johnny Pittock, the newsboy, Bartley Campbell, James Mclver, Charles Edward 
 Locke and afterwards Jim Mills, the able political writer, at the helm. The 
 Sunday Leader dealt in politics chiefly, but also struck out for spicy local news. 
 Following came the Evening Leader, established by Pittock and the Nevins, then 
 the Paper, Democratic, which had a brief but spectacular career of three 
 months; the Press, the Evening News and the Times. 
 
 Very many of my readers will recall the fourth page, first column article 
 on local politics which appeared in the Dispatch every Saturday morning from 
 
6 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 the facile pen of Mr. Daniel O'Neill — rich, rare and racy — and always reliable. 
 
 Mr. O'Neil enjoyed the confidence of Bob Mackey, the well-known Repub- 
 lican politician and one of the most popular leaders the party ever had in Alle- 
 gheny County or Western Pennsylvania — in fact the State. And through the 
 genial Bob he obtained a horoscope of the political situation; and its portrayal 
 every Saturday morning came to be accepted as official, and it came to pass as 
 predicted. 
 
 A leading feature of the Dispatch was its elaborate, accurate and interesting 
 reports of the various courts of the county. In regard to the latter, judges and 
 lawyers were profuse in their praise of the legal intelligence in the paper daily, 
 and on more than one occasion lawyers, addressing juries in important cases, 
 analyzed the testimony as it appeared in the Dispatch, and that, too, from long- 
 hand reports — there were no stenographers in those days. But there was swift 
 longhand — sleight of hand fellows with pencil — particular stars being E. M. 
 O'Neill, George Whitney, Judge Thomas D. Carnahan and one or two others, 
 whose ability to shove copy into the composing room was not measured by lines, 
 but by the columns — and that, too, the old blanket-sheet columns. 
 
 Vivid, indeed, is the report of the celebrated railroad riots of Saturday, July 
 21, 1877, and the fires and mob rule until nearly noon on Sunday, July 22 — for 
 which the county paid nearly three millions of dollars. 
 
 One may judge of how elaborate was this report when it is mentioned that 
 22,000 words culled from the Dispatch columns on Sunday and Monday formed 
 special dispatches to Chicago and St. Louis papers, whose correspondents were 
 Dispatch writers, and affidavits and correspondence adduced by the Chicago 
 Times, signed by the correspondent and Western Union Telegraph Company, 
 sustained the claim that the Times had accomplished the greatest feat of modern 
 journalism in those specials of 22,000 words. Every line was taken from the 
 Dispatch with but one exception, here noted. 
 
 About midnight that eventful Saturday the Dispatch news hunters were 
 informed that Gen. A. L. Pearson's father had just been killed at the dead line 
 near the Twenty-eighth Street Round House. It was flashed to Chicago, for a 
 bulletin, as there were 25,000 people in front of the newspaper office of that city. 
 Later, when the reporters of the Dispatch came to verify the report it transpired 
 that General Pearson's father had died a natural death a few years before. 
 
 It was decided that it made an interesting bulletin for Chicago, in view of 
 the fact that General Pearson was in command of the militia. 
 
 The Dispatch today is a monument of the training of such masterful news- 
 paper makers as Foster, O'Neill, Rook, and the trained lieutenants as workers 
 and business managers, etc., among whom I can mention as personal friends, 
 viz. : N. P. Reed, Frank Case, Ed. Locke, W. C. Smythe, C. N. Shaw, Rev. Dr. 
 John Douglas, H. H. Byram, E. W. Lightner, James F. Hudson, George Ward- 
 man, William (Judge) Ramsey, James Vernon, Thomas J. House, Thomas 
 Hewitt, George Madden and Chas. R. Sutphen. 
 
 Twelve years after Daniel O'Neill gave the Chronicle youth his first lessons 
 in newspaper reporting, Alex Rook employed the youth for the Dispatch news 
 staff, and it was his pleasure then and now to know the Dispatch only as the 
 product of the genius, sagacity and untiring energy of O'Neill & Rook — since 
 tacked to the masthead over a half century ago. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 7 
 
 CAUTIOUS EDITORS OF OTHER DAYS. 
 
 EVEN the newspaper bosses of 40 and 50 years ago were at times skeptical, 
 which made them loath to march close behind the band in the development 
 of the arts, sciences and inventions of the time. They took little or no interest 
 in the Westinghouse airbrake proposition. They agreed that the arc lights — 
 brush and other systems — just being tried out, would diffuse a kind of dazzling 
 light, but were certain electricity would never be mellowed from the dazzling 
 arc brightness to a condition to enable one to read by it. And yet, before the 
 echo of that opinion had died away, representatives of the newspapers were pre- 
 paring matter for publication, in their sleeping car berths, aided by the light 
 of an incandescent electric lamp concealed just back of the mirror, between the 
 car window frames. 
 
 Next came the telephone discoveries; but not for your doubting Thomases 
 at the head of some of the leading papers in Pittsburgh. The telephone was a 
 toy — a plaything, and they were willing to let it go at that. 
 
 The hour for going to press on one of the afternoon papers was 3 o'clock, 
 and with but two small presses, slow of motion, it was a proposition to get all 
 the packages to the railroad trains for out-of-town subscribers, and allow news- 
 boys and carriers to get to the people with the last edition much before 4:30 
 o'clock. Therefore, 3 o'clock meant 3 o'clock. The Bell Telephone Company 
 presented the proprietors with one of their "ornaments," together with their 
 compliments, and one share of stock. The phone was hung in the coatroom, 
 and instructions were issued to carry the share of stock in such a way that if 
 assessments were called for there would be "loop holes" for dodging the issue 
 in some way. 
 
 It was 10 minutes to 3 o'clock one afternoon when it became noised that 
 a big conflagration was raging in McKeesport. The National Tube Company, 
 McKeesport, about the only people known to have a phone, was rung up. In- 
 stantly the doubting Thomas proprietor jumped on the city editor for wasting 
 his time on the toy and warned him if packages of the paper failed to go out on 
 time by reason of holding the forms there would be a vacancy at the desk of the 
 assistant city editor. 
 
 Well, the purchasing agent of the National Tube Company responded 
 promptly: "White's Opera House and business block burning; loss $100,000; 
 insured." This was enough. All hands awaited the copy. It was reeled off 
 at 57 words a minute. Yes, 63 words a minute in long hand, and the paper went 
 to press on time with a good item of the fire. 
 
 Well, the day speedily came when the wiseacres were gathering in the Bell 
 Telephone stock, which had been given away to supposedly influential people, 
 and gossip had it that when they took back that one share held by the newspaper 
 in question, as a gift, they paid $500 for it. 
 
 A further incident as to the telephone is appended: "The Board of Direc- 
 tors of the Bank of Pittsburgh, August 14, 1879, agreed to subscribe $50 per 
 year for the introduction of a speaking telephone conditioned that 20 banks 
 are obtained at the same rate." 
 
8 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 And there were editors who deplored the passing of underground cable 
 street car lines, because electricity would do well enough on level streets, but 
 never upon the steep grades in Pennsylvania. And yet the reporters were out 
 scouting for news next week, so to speak, on street cars climbing the steepest 
 of grades to be found in Pennsylvania with electric-driven motors. The reader 
 knows the rest. 
 
 THE OLD CHRONICLE. 
 
 THE chief dependencies for news in 1865 were Wilkins' Hall (city offices), 
 Court House, old Drury Theater, Monongahela House, Oil Exchange 
 and the rendezvous of the genial Bob Mackey, the prince of political managers. 
 Two local editors to each paper covered the whole of the county. Joseph G. 
 Siebeneck and William A. Collins had acquired the Chronicle from Charles 
 McKnight, and from its inception it became distinctively the "home" paper. 
 
 Saturday, April 15, 1865, the Chronicle from 7 a. m. to 11 p. m. printed 
 25,000 "half sheets" covering the details of the assassination of President 
 Lincoln. Great feat then, and more than one piece of "brown paper" was put 
 over on the near-sighted circulation agent by improvised newsboys, who were 
 without the real brown "shin plaster." 
 
 John J. O'Leary, of 6200 Walnut street, East End, was a "helper" in the 
 circulation department that day, and for "services rendered" was allowed special 
 privileges in handling the paper with the newsboys. His net gain was $26.00. 
 
 In reckoning accounts he found a $2.50 gold piece among his coins. He at 
 once connected it up with Mr. John W. Chalfant, the great ironmaster, banker and 
 patriot. O'Leary called at his office on Water street and said: "Mr. Chalfant, 
 you bought a Chronicle from me on Saturday." "Well," rang out his cheery 
 voice, "I shouldn't be surprised, as I bought every extra issued." "Well, Mr. 
 Chalfant," said the lad, "you gave me a $2.50 gold piece." 
 
 Mr. Chalfant said: "Well, you durned little skeezicks, you can keep it for 
 being honest enough to come down here and tell me about it." 
 
 
 EVERYBODY LOVES A CHEERFUL GIVER. 
 
 OM" STEVENSON, for many years the confidential financial officer 
 of A. M. Byers & Co., represented that company on the occasion of 
 the formal opening of the Pittsburgh & Connellsville Railroad from Connells- 
 ville to Cumberland, and everyone will remember him as the genial humorist 
 going to and coming from Baltimore. 
 
 It was the days when railroad passes, especially to large shippers, were 
 easily obtainable. "Tom" told of the experience he had with two representa- 
 tives of a big railroad corporation, both having authority to issue the passes. 
 Mr. A. was out and Mr. B. was asked for the pass. His manner was not the 
 most fascinating, and "Tom" noticed it, whereupon he told him he would call 
 again. "No," said Mr. B., hurrying a little; "I will give it to you." "Well," 
 said "Tom," "it's all right this time; but I would rather have Mr. A. refuse 
 me the pass than you to give it to me." 
 
 There wasn't any hitch about a pass after that time. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 9 
 
 BEFORE THE DAYS OF "SHORTHAND." 
 
 SPEEDY and accurate were the longhand reporters of the Pittsburgh news- 
 papers half a century ago. Elaborate court reports were finished as soon 
 as court adjourned, and were ready for the compositor, too. The most famous 
 cases were covered without the aid of shorthand, and great speakers were fol- 
 lowed word for word. 
 
 One feat in longhand now recalled was the trial of an important case in 
 the Quarter Sessions Court, in which a prominent Alderman was the defendant. 
 Commenced at 9 or 9:30 a. m. and adjourned at 5:30 p. m., the newspaper repre- 
 sentative had his copy ready for the printer at the adjournment of the court. 
 The report made five and a half columns — long columns, too — for the Dispatch 
 at that time was of the "blanket" style in form. 
 
 Thomas M. Marshall, the well-known criminal lawyer, was the counsel 
 for the defendant and in addressing the jury read the testimony from the 
 report in the Dispatch, turning aside once in the open court to compliment the 
 Dispatch representative on its accuracy and completeness. 
 
 Hon. Judge Chas. Fetterman, on another occasion, told the managing 
 editor that the court reports daily were the best ever published. One of the 
 proprietors of the Dispatch suggested to his managing editor, more than 25 
 years ago, that they return to the custom of reporting the proceedings of 
 public bodies in the first person. He was amazed when told it would require 
 the services of two shorthand men to introduce the service ; and it would be a 
 difficult task even then to transcribe an evening meeting much before 2 a. m. 
 When the genial boss ventured to assert that he himself and some competi- 
 tors, still living, could accomplish this in long hand, he said not a member of 
 the staff answered a word ; but he added, "The look on their faces was tanta- 
 mount to saying, T was a colossal fabricator.' " 
 
 George Whitney, of the Post, whose father at one time edited that paper 
 and who in later years was of the well-known brokerage firm of Whitney & 
 Stephenson, was perhaps the most rapid longhand reporter ever connected 
 with the newspapers of this or any other city ; although Mr. E. M. O'Neill, of 
 the Dispatch, as a reporter, also had a splendid record for speed. 
 
 Whitney would follow a speaker in longhand, skipping words here and 
 there, leaving space a-plenty, and at the conclusion of the speech fill in the 
 blanks, recalling from the context the missing links. 
 
 Of course the readers wanted to know what such public men as Oliver P. 
 Morton had to say ; likewise as to Hon. Carl Schurz, "Bob" Ingersoll, George 
 R. Wendling, Henry Ward Beecher, Horace Greeley, R. Stocket Matthews, 
 Mark Twain, Mrs. Cady Stanton, Olive Logan and how many more of the 
 celebrities before the day of shorthand; and the only way to get their 
 addresses was for the reporter to do his level best in longhand. 
 
 A test on one occasion as to the actual speed of longhand writing legible 
 for the printer was participated in by the Hon. Thomas D. Carnahan, of the 
 Common Pleas Court, then the legal reporter for the old Chronicle and the 
 assistant city editor, afterward the swift court reporter for the Dispatch. 
 
 The test was made in transcribing a biography of the Hon. James A. 
 Garfield, the dark horse unexpectedly nominated for President of the United 
 
io MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 States and the only candidate whose lengthy biography was not already in 
 type. Judge Carnahan and the other scribe averaged 57 to 63 words a minute 
 from dictation, and while the penmanship was not Spencerian, it was legible 
 for the typesetter. 
 
 BLAINE-ARTHUR CAMPAIGN. 
 
 COL. THOMAS M. BAYNE, for several years Congressman from Western 
 Pennsylvania, at one time District Attorney of Allegheny County, one 
 of the owners of the Pittsburgh Press when first organized, shortly prior to 
 the assembling of the national convention in 1884, when James G. Blaine was 
 a candidate for the Presidency of the United States, declared for Blaine. 
 
 Mr. Henry W. Oliver, Jr., prominent for many years in local and State 
 politics ; Hon. George T. Oliver, United States Senator ; William Flinn, C. L. 
 Magee, Mayor William McCallin, Assistant City Controller R. M. Snodgrass 
 and their following were for the Hon. Chester Arthur. 
 
 Blaine's friends did not realize how formidable was this combination until 
 about two weeks before the close of the campaign for Senatorial and Legisla- 
 tive delegates to the State convention, to choose the delegates for the national 
 convention. Then it was that a mass convention was called to meet in old 
 Lafayette Hall, on Wood street. Col. Thomas M. Bayne, Alexander M. 
 Byers, Calvin Wells, John S. Slagle, Col. James M. Schoonmaker, Joseph D. 
 Weeks, of the American Manufacturer; Walter P. Hansel, George and Harry 
 Letsche, of the Standard Oil Company, and the people of the old Seventh and 
 Eighth wards, especially were enthusiastic for Blaine. They were warm 
 under the collar over this unexpected opposition, as it had been supposed that 
 the Oliver-Magee-Flinn people would be in the final line-up for Blaine. 
 
 Lafayette Hall, where 28 years before the Republican party had been 
 organized by 38 citizens of Pittsburgh, was filled to its utmost capacity, on the 
 Saturday evening designated for the mass meeting by the Blaine promoters^ 
 
 The addresses were fiery, and on the Monday following began the hottest 
 kind of a contest. The newspapers were the only available channels through 
 which to reach the people, and the Blaine men, new in the business, directed 
 the advertising committee, consisting of Joseph D. Weeks and the writer, to 
 work double turn, and they certainly did so. Their first budget of bills for 
 advertising in the daily newspapers, covering a period of three or four days, 
 was over $7,000. 
 
 This brass band style of campaign frightened the Arthur people, and 
 it was heralded everywhere that Blaine's adherents had a fund of $200,000 for 
 the campaign in Western Pennylvania alone. It did not do any harm to let 
 the opposition think so, but the truth is, that not more than a fifth of that sum 
 crystallized, and numerous bills would have been unpaid had it not been for 
 the generosity of one or two of the prominent Blaine leaders, who got us 
 young fellows into the fight. 
 
 The State convention was held at Harrisburg, where the delegates to the 
 national convention were chosen. The campaign in Allegheny county had 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. n 
 
 been warmly contested, and the vote at Harrisburg was close. The rancor of 
 the brief days of local warfare was transferred to the State capital. George T. 
 Oliver led the Arthur forces, and Colonel Bayne, the Blaine delegates. Ebenezer 
 M. Byers was adjutant general for Colonel Bayne, and specially looked after 
 the interests of his brother, Alexander M. Byers, who was the real leader for 
 Blaine. 
 
 Suffice it to say that the air was hot — vitriolic at times. The Blaine lead- 
 ers were violent, and Mr. Oliver and his lieutenants so cool and confident that 
 threatened collisions were avoided, and the Arthur forces secured the 
 delegates. 
 
 The Blaine people gave notice of a contest at Chicago, which did not 
 materialize. Many of the Blaine followers attended the convention at Chicago 
 as guests, and they will readily recall, among other incidents of that notable 
 gathering, the ovations to Hon. Matthew Stanley Quay and Senator William 
 Mahone, of Virginia, almost every time they entered the convention hall. 
 
 Twelve years passed away and in 1896 all or nearly all of the warring 
 factions for Blaine and Arthur were joined in a spirited contest under the 
 William McKinley banner as against Bryan and his 16 to 1 policy. 
 
 LOWRY'S WATER WORKS ENGINES. 
 
 ON JULY 19, 1876, according to the Dispatch files, Highland reservoir 
 "was completed and ready to be turned over to the city." 
 
 Which reminds me of an interesting story in connection with its infilling. 
 
 Joseph L. Lowry was an expert mechanical and hydraulic engineer, 
 whose patented fire hydrants, or "fire plugs," were at the time exclusively 
 used in Pittsburgh and other cities. "Joe" was old-fashioned — in that he 
 would not permit contractors or grafters of any species to use him in the sale 
 of or privilege to use his patents; and when it was proposed to adopt his 
 patented low pressure engines for the new water system, there was formidable 
 opposition. Thousands of dollars were involved and it would not do to have 
 an honest engine and an honest engineer, whose fidelity, integrity and ability 
 were unquestioned. And the Water Commission resolutely stood by Lowry » 
 
 The lowest bidders for the engines were Lowry's enemies from the begin- 
 ning, because of his refusal to "certify to work as complete," upon which not 
 a hammer had fallen. But Lowry won out and proved that his "pumping 
 twins" not only met all the requirements and specifications, but exceeded his 
 most sanguine hopes. 
 
 The plans for the new water system, in brief, provided for two reservoirs ; 
 one on Brilliant Hill, 237 feet above the river level, and the second and greater 
 basin on Highland Hill, 369 feet above the river ; the first to supply the lower 
 plane of the city, and the second, the higher or East End districts. There 
 was to be an intermediate engine on Brilliant Hill to pump to the higher 
 basin on Highland Hill. 
 
 Lowry was compelled to waive all royalties on his engines, and received 
 
12 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 the paltry salary of $4,000 per year. But he accepted every challenge thrown 
 him. 
 
 But by the slipping of a "cog" his enemies received new hope that they 
 could put both himself and engines out of business. The contractors for the 
 Brilliant Hill basin failed financially, and that part of the scheme was aban- 
 doned. It was supposed that this break would require an entirely new deal 
 and that Lowry would be bowled out. But "Joe" satisfied the commission in 
 charge of the work that he would deliver the goods, and the work went on as 
 if nothing had happened, the foxy old engineer banking on the success of his 
 invention. 
 
 Remember, Lowry was building his engines, according to agreement, to 
 lift the water 237 feet, but by the elimination of Brilliant Hill basin he had to 
 face the then highest direct lift of water in the world— 369 feet to Highland. 
 Political hucksters, unable to use him, were aided and abetted by people 
 working in the interest of the contractors, who not only pronounced the 
 engines to be a "failure," but by every artifice in their power, sought to evade 
 the plain specifications in construction, to bring about the predicted failure. 
 But Lowry triumphed, completed the engines, and they more than did the 
 required work. 
 
 The opposition was continued unabated, however, until finally the 
 engines were thrown aside and a battery of new engines installed at an enor- 
 mous cost. But it is not the purpose of this story to reflect upon the waste, in 
 view of the magnificent water system of this day, the outgrowth of the work 
 of 40 years ago. 
 
 But my purpose is to recall an incident, known to some now living, which 
 vindicated "Joe" Lowry, and enables his friends to this day to stand up for his, 
 remarkable work for Pittsburgh. 
 
 Mayor "Bill" McCarthy — "Bill" we familiarly called him, because he 
 commenced life as pressman for the Dispatch — "Bill" was Lowry's devoted 
 friend, and emphatically and wildly enthusiastically stood pat with him. In- 
 censed at the constant bombardment of Lowry's enemies, McCarthy organ- 
 ized a secret committee — not of night riders, but of night vigilantes, and 
 "accidentally by agreement" met after darkness had settled over the city, at 
 the Highland reservoir. They had with them lunches, for they were to be in 
 the trenches all night. The report of that committee not only surprised but 
 dazed Lowry's enemies and astounded the inventor and engineer until he was 
 moved to tears. 
 
 McCarthy's aids reported that without the slightest interruption, all the 
 night through, a perfect deluge of water poured into the influent chamber and 
 thence into the basin. The engines failed not for a moment during the entire 
 night. To use the language of the mayor, the water tumbled into the influent 
 chamber like a section of Niagara. This completely vindicated Lowry, and 
 should have silenced the guns of his enemies. But their inability to move him 
 in his obstinate resistance of everything having the semblance of crooked- 
 ness, and which might have resulted in thousands of dollars of graft, con- 
 tinued, mostly along submarine lines, until the engines were finally con- 
 demned and sent to the junk pile. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 13 
 
 It was claimed that the engines were "erratic," unreliable, out of service 
 half the time, etc., yet the fact was incontestable that the reservoirs were over- 
 flowing with water and McCarthy's committee attested the reason therefor. 
 
 Lowry did not live long after the completion of his work, and those 
 nearest him, and to whom he often unbosomed himself, claim that the strain 
 was so great that he finally broke down, but with the full consciousness that 
 while he died poor, yet was he rich in the thought that the city had not been 
 wronged of a cent by reason of want of fidelity or integrity on his part. 
 
 INFLUENTIAL DOWNTOWN CHURCHES. 
 
 AN advertisement of a concert by the Allegheny Quartet, composed of 
 William and Walter Slack, Harry Horner and Joel L. Darling, pop- 
 ular in its day, for Thursday evening, March 16, 1868, for the benefit of 
 the First Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Sixth avenue, reminds me of the 
 great day of the downtown churches of Pittsburgh and their wealth and 
 influence. Especially did the Cumberland Presbyterians have a great record 
 about that time. The First Church stood on Sixth avenue, on part of the 
 property now occupied by the Duquesne Club, and was of two stories and of 
 the regular straight lines "barn style." It was commodious and would accom- 
 modate immense audiences. 
 
 On Wood street, next to Sixth avenue, was the First Presbyterian 
 Church, Rev. Dr. Paxton ; on the opposite side of Sixth avenue from the Cum- 
 berland Presbyterian Church was Trinity Episcopal Church, Rev. Dr. Scar- 
 borough. Just above, at the corner of Smithfield street, was the German 
 Evangelical Church. On Smithfield street, near the corner of Sixth, the Cen- 
 tral Presbyterian Church, Rev. M. W. Jacobus, also of the Western Theolog- 
 ical Seminary. On Sixth avenue, above Smithfield street, was the Second 
 United Presbyterian Church, Rev. Dr. James Prestley, and at the corner of 
 Cherry alley and Sixth avenue, the Third Presbyterian Church, Rev. Dr. 
 Noble. On Seventh avenue, near Cherry alley, was the English Lutheran Church. 
 At Webster avenue and Grant street, Grace Lutheran Church, known for so 
 long a time as Dr. Prugh's church, and at Seventh avenue and Cherry alley, 
 the First United Presbyterian Church, Rev. Dr. W. J. Reid. Just back of this 
 church came the Oak Alley Reformed Presbyterian Church, Rev. John Doug- 
 las. At Smithfield street and Seventh avenue was the well-known Smithfield 
 Street M. E. Church, commonly known as "Brimstone corner." Going from 
 Sixth avenue and Wood street to Penn avenue, was the Second Presbyterian 
 Church, Rev. Dr. William D. Howard, on Penn avenue at Seventh street; 
 Christ M. E. Church, Penn avenue and Eighth street, and the Reformed 
 Presbyterian Church, on Eighth street, just below Penn ; also the Jewish 
 Synagogue. Liberty Street M. E. Church was at the corner of Fourth street 
 and Liberty avenue. 
 
 The most popular minister of the First Cumberland congregation was 
 Rev. Alfred M. Bryan, father of A. M. Bryan, of the County Recorder's office. 
 He was an able and eloquent pastor, and under his ministry the church be- 
 came wonderfully influential. He was a gentleman of commanding presence, 
 
14 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 dignified, and yet so cordial in his manner as to win the respect, admiration 
 and love of all with whom he came in contact. 
 
 Among its members were the families of Hailman and Rahm, the bank- 
 ers ; Joseph M. Pennock, whose large and extensive cotton mills were in Alle- 
 gheny; Samuel Morrow, steamboat engine builder; William E. De Barrene, 
 the hatter ; Wilson Carr, wagon builder ; J. M. Postley, Postley, Nelson & Co., 
 shovel manufacturers; Samuel Pollock, candy manufacturer; Henry Carter; 
 Amos Lewis, owner of a planing mill on Grant street; Charles Armstrong, 
 coal merchant ; Mr. Phelps, of Phelps, Parke & Co., manufacturers of agricul- 
 tural implements, farm wagons, etc.; John Scott, a prominent stone cutter; 
 John Wallace, merchant, and others too numerous to mention, but who, with 
 their successors, laid the foundation for a Greater Pittsburgh. 
 
 Mr. Bryan, from the time he commenced his ministerial work in the city 
 in the little church at Diamond alley and Smithfield street, at once gained the 
 confidence of the people, and the church wielded a great influence. Mr. Bryan 
 was a Southerner, and during the War of the Rebellion the spirit of Northern 
 loyalty was at "fever heat." Some of the leaders thought his peaceful attitude 
 might injure the church, and rather than allow a breath of discord he resigned 
 the church and removed to Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 WEALTH IN HAZELWOOD REAL ESTATE. 
 
 THE recent transfer of property in Hazelwood to the Jones & Laughlin 
 Steel Company strikingly recalls the increase in real estate values in that 
 section of the city in 50 years. 
 
 Two or three instances are recalled. One where Capt. John S. Willock of 
 the Hays Coal Company, operating on the opposite side of the river, was induced 
 to buy 10 acres on Hazelwood avenue, below the Pittsburgh & Connellsville 
 Railroad, now the B. & O., a most beautiful piece of property, on part of which 
 was perhaps the finest apple orchard in Peebles township. 
 
 The purchase price was $5,000, or $500 per acre. Mr. Willock soon after 
 sold one-half the property for $2,500, and offered the remainder to a friend at 
 the same price and on long payments, so fearful was he that he had made a bad 
 bargain. 
 
 Some time before the transaction nearly four acres on the bank of the Mo- 
 nongahela river, at the foot of Tecumseh street, was acquired for $1,300, or 
 about $325 per acre, and the property mentioned in one transfer included some- 
 thing over five acres, which the owner secured at less than $300 per acre and 
 which sold for $150,000. A great part of it was below the level of the street — 
 almost a ravine — the real value of which was not known until the steel company 
 managers began to scratch their heads for places in which to dump their furnace 
 slag. And so the unsightly ravine is now high ground of inestimable value to 
 the steel company. 
 
 Hazelwood in 1865 and thereabouts was one of the most attractive suburbs 
 of Pittsburgh. It was the residence place of Henry W. Oliver, Sr., William 
 J. Lewis, Senator George H. Anderson, Sheriff Harry Woods, James Watson, 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 15 
 
 James Laughlin, John D. Scully, Thomas Williams, Mrs. Bughman, John Mc- 
 Combs, Hill Burgwin, Joseph Nixon, W. O. Hughart, Thomas Blair, George 
 Barker, James McKibben, George Wilson, A. B. Stevenson, John C. Stevenson, 
 J. J. Speck, M. W. Rankin, Capt. R. B. Robinson and Percy F. Smith's family. 
 
 A MONUMENTAL FAKIR. 
 
 « « A S I sat by the fire" my guest was Rev. Samuel Smith Gilson, who said : 
 /~V Within my memory of fifty years I know of no more accomplished fakir 
 who ever struck Pittsburgh than the man who styled himself "Dr. DaSilva, Sur- 
 geon General to the Emperor Maximilian." He came to this city unannounced and 
 secured an engagement to lecture before the Grand Army of the Republic, car- 
 rying the old soldiers off their feet with his eloquence and vivid portrayal of 
 Maximilian's career in Mexico. He secured a hearing before the Western 
 Theological Seminary and so delighted the late Rev. Dr. Melancthon W. Jacobus 
 that he asked for a few minutes for DaSilva at the close of a lecture by Wen- 
 dell Phillips on "Daniel O'Connell," given by the "Mercantile Library Asso- 
 ciation." DaSilva captured the large audience, telling the story of Maximilian's 
 campaigns and how he stood close to the ill-starred emperor when he was shot 
 to death. 
 
 DaSilva secured an engagement on the spot to give a lecture the following 
 Monday night before the Young Men's Mercantile Library Association. 
 
 When Monday night came it was the humiliating duty of the committee to 
 announce to the audience that the lecture was indefinitely postponed because Dr. 
 DaSilva was drunk and confined in the lockup. Other developments came thick 
 and fast. It was soon learned that he had flourished in two large Ohio towns 
 and married a woman in each, deserting them. Subsequently he flourished for 
 a time in Oswego, N. Y., lecturing and making a great stir in society, winding 
 up by marrying another woman in that town. Next he turned up in Portland, 
 Maine, where he again married. 
 
 Next he made his appearance in Alton, Illinois, where he ingratiated him- 
 self with the people as a teacher of French and German. There he married a 
 French girl and eloped to Chicago. Abandoning her he went to St. Joseph, 
 Mo., where he lectured on Saturday night and on Sunday was engaged to be 
 married. On Tuesday he was arrested for drunkenness and locked up. He was 
 arrested as a deserter from the United States Army and sent to Dry Tortugas 
 for a long term which seems to have ended his career. He was certainly a 
 highly educated man, refined and polished, and very few men ran a career of 
 rascality as long as he did without being caught. His appearance in Pittsburgh 
 was almost fifty years ago, just two years after the close of the Civil War. 
 
 A 
 
 SERVED HIM RIGHT. 
 
 MAN stole a saw mill, and was emboldened to return and try to steal the 
 dam, but the owner caught him. Served him right. 
 
16 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE GREELEY CAMPAIGN. 
 
 DANIEL J. MORRELL, of the Cambria Iron Co., Johnstown ; R. H. Pal- 
 mer, manufacturer, Pittsburgh; Wm. McCully, glass manufacturer; 
 Gen. Wm. Irwin, of Beaver County, State Treasurer, and others had estab- 
 lished the Commercial, certainly one of the most enterprising newspapers of 
 its time. Chas. D. Brigham and R. D. Thompson, of New York, were in- 
 stalled as managing editor and business manager, respectively. Edward F. 
 Abel, now deceased, was bookkeeper, and Thomas MacConnell, was con- 
 nected with the business department shortly after his graduation from Wash- 
 ington and Jefferson College. 
 
 The paper cut a wide swath in commercial, manufacturing and railroad 
 circles and rapidly took the lead in all enterprises tending to promote the pros- 
 perity of the city. 
 
 The Commercial was the first paper to regularly employ a shorthand 
 reporter, and Mr. Oliver T. Bennett filled the position. At first there was 
 little for him to do, but he gradually proved himself an exceedingly valuable 
 auxiliary, and elaborate reports of conventions and war assemblies soon 
 attracted general attention to the paper. But in another place further refer- 
 ence will be made to Mr. Bennett, who was considerably more than a sten- 
 ographer. He was an all around newspaper genius, of a poetic turn of mind. 
 
 Mr. Brigham had associated with him in the management of the paper 
 such experienced men as John C. Harper, Dr. Williams, Wm. Anderson, Geo. 
 E. North, Sam'l Colwell and Capts. Wm. Evans and Wm. Wheeler, the three 
 last named giving the most thorough market and river reports, which were 
 unrivaled; also the help of Guyan M. Irwin and Mr. Bennett and the writer, 
 whose special efforts were directed in the line of the most elaborate report of 
 court proceedings. 
 
 Mr. Brigham also brought to the front Col. Richard Realf, the poet and 
 writer, whose life was for a time closely woven with that of old John Brown 
 and with whose poetry and prose more than Pittsburghers are quite familiar. 
 
 When Horace Greeley was announced for the Presidency Mr. Brigham 
 swung the Commercial into line in support of his candidacy. This flop 
 created a profound sensation among the stockholders, and the campaign, 
 although conducted with spirit and vigor by Mr. Brigham, was in Western 
 Pennsylvania absolutely as thin as air. The campaign over, the day of reckon- 
 ing came. The stockholders were greatly dissatisfied and gossip said some of 
 them presented Mr. Brigham with their holdings. At all events he obtained 
 control of the paper. Not a great while afterward Mr. Robert W. Mackey, 
 then the Republican boss, purchased the paper from Mr. Brigham, common 
 report fixing the price at $105,000, and of course it was in line again with the 
 principles of the Republican party. Nelson P. Reed had in the meantime 
 obtained the leading interests in the Gazette and Major Russell E. Errett and 
 others were writing "fiery Republican editorials" that left little room for the 
 Commercial. Hence it was not long until Mr. Mackey, who had no taste for 
 newspaper publishing, disposed of it to Mr. Reed for the sum of $40,000, 
 according to the then prevailing report. 
 
 It thus became the Commercial-Gazette, and certainly under the manage- 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 17 
 
 ment of Mr. Reed and his partners, and influenced by the radical Republican- 
 ism of Major Errett and his staunch friends, R. W. Mackey, M. S. Quay, 
 James S. Rutan and Jas. L. Graham, early became the acknowledged leader 
 of ascendant political sentiment in Western Pennsylvania. 
 
 And thus it continued until Mr. Reed did not "go along harmoniously" 
 and the new leaders, to use their own expression, "stood him on the curb- 
 stone," and the Times, published by Robert P. Nevin, was purchasd by Mr. 
 Christopher L. Magee and supplanted the Commercial Gazette as the local Re- 
 publican organ. 
 
 Here again we find space too limited to, refer to Mr. Magee and his asso- 
 ciates on the Times, but as the Commercial Gazette and Times are all three 
 now in the consolidated chain of what is known as the Oliver papers, every- 
 thing of interest to the children will bear rehearsal in the present happy news- 
 paper family, for the Gazette-Times now embraces the Commercial, the Gazette, 
 the Commercial Gazette and the Times. The leaders and founders of these 
 papers are specially referred to elsewhere. 
 
 CHARTIERS VALLEY IN EARLY DAYS. 
 
 FIFTY years ago "Bob" Woods, one of the best-posted county and State 
 roads lawyers of his time, and "Billy" Jackson, a past master in horse- 
 flesh and the general livery business, were largely instrumental in developing 
 the charming Chartiers Valley, pronounced by civil engineers, surveyors and 
 landscape men of that time, and landseers of the present, as one of the most 
 beautiful in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The Woods residence was known to every roadster in the county, while 
 the Jackson home, and afterward the Jackson summer hotel and cottages, at 
 Idlewood, were second only to Cresson for beauty of attraction, coolness and 
 healthfulness. 
 
 Famed, indeed, was Chartiers Creek, from which the valley received its 
 name, and the picturesque banks of the stream were crowded on Saturdays 
 and Sundays by fishing parties and picnic pleasure seekers, on account of its 
 nearness to the growing city of Pittsburgh. 
 
 The Steubenville Railroad was known as the "Panhandle," and was built 
 to connect with the Steubenville & Indiana Railroad. It lessened the rail dis- 
 tance to Steubenville 20 miles, but its designers believed its earnings as a 
 freight road would have to be relied upon for dividends. For a time little 
 attention was given to passenger traffic on account of the splendid line on the 
 north bank of the Ohio, via Beaver, Smith's Ferry, etc., but the Woods and 
 Jacksons, aided by the McMillans, Von Bonnhorsts, Murphys and the Scully 
 family, unceasingly demanded passenger facilities, and gradually the "Pan- 
 handle" surmounted all of its difficulties of tunnels, grades, etc., the jokes of 
 the traveling public, notably the commercial salesmen, and today is one of the 
 safest, best-paying passenger lines of the great Pennsylvania system. 
 
 In minstrel shows and comedy plays this and other early railroads were 
 staged humorously, and on one occasion an actor wobbled across the stage at 
 the Academy of Music and introduced himself as John Smith, from Leaven- 
 
18 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 worth. He said he had just arrived and was seasick. Reminded that he had 
 not come by boat, he said, "No, but I came on the 'Panhandle.' " Rounding so 
 many short curves had reminded him of a trip on the Ocklawaha River in 
 Florida. 
 
 The valley proper began at McKees Rocks, the mouth of Chartiers Creek, 
 and at Mansfield, now Carnegie, divided, following two branches of the creek, 
 the one to Bridgeville, Canonsburg and Washington leading in picturesque- 
 ness, but the branch followed in reaching Steubenville for a time developed 
 the largest rail traffic. 
 
 The present extensive Scully yards of the P., C, C. & St. L. R. R., the 
 "Panhandle," take their name from the honored grandfather of our towns- 
 man, C. D. Scully, Esq., Cornelius Scully, whose large stone quarry at Scully's 
 Springs furnished the foundations for hundreds of buildings in the valley. 
 Through these yards and via the Ohio Connecting Railroad a tremendous 
 tonnage of freight daily passes, which enables the main line via Corliss to 
 furnish its present efficient through and local passenger service. The main 
 line leaves the Ohio River at what was known 50 years ago as Corks Run, and 
 reaches Corliss, and there by a tunnel to the beautiful and prosperous 
 boroughs of Ingram, Crafton, Rosslyn Heights, Carnegie, etc., crossing the 
 Ohio River into Steubenville. 
 
 There are about 11,000 coal miners employed in the valley, and many of 
 its fertile farms have been converted into bustling manufacturing centers. In 
 addition, it is the location of the Morganza school and Marshalsea and Wood- 
 ville, county and city places for the care of the wards of the State, city and 
 county. 
 
 And if "Bob" Woods and "Billy" Jackson started things in the valley 50 
 years ago which have blossomed into such wonderful harvests, what may we 
 not reasonably expect when the Big Saw Mill Run is sewered or otherwise 
 rendered incapable of damage, and West Carson street widened to boulevard 
 proportions ? 
 
 About 30 years ago, when the valley began to rapidly build up, a meeting of 
 the residents of one of the new suburbs was held and 11 resolutions adopted 
 for "promoting the progress of the line." There were boosters in those days. 
 These resolutions asked for additional trains, additional commutation privi- 
 leges, new station, a freight agent, etc. ; also for a reduction in the transient 
 fare. The railroad officers granted 10 of the requests, refusing only the 
 request for a reduction in the transient rate. And from that date on prosper- 
 ity came to the "Steubenville Railroad," as the progressive and wideawake 
 residents of the valley by the thousands had found more inviting sites for 
 suburban homes, notwithstanding the herculean efforts of "boosters" that the 
 East End was the Mecca of Pittsburghers. 
 
 And how about values? A Pittsburgh manufacturer of 50 years ago, 
 who spent many afternoons fishing and strolling along the banks of the Char- 
 tiers Creek, talking to a group of men, stated he could have bought land on 
 the one side of the creek from McKees Rocks to Mansfield for about $1,500. 
 His sons, grandsons, nephews, etc., promptly asked him, "And why didn't 
 you buy? See what a legacy you could have handed to us." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 19 
 
 The manufacturer answered that the only obstacle in the way of annex- 
 ing the territory was the $1,500. He added that his partners in the business 
 were the workmen. They allowed themselves $8 per week, part of which was 
 deducted weekly, and credited to payment of stock, and he further remarked 
 that there were no dividends until after the close of the Civil War. 
 
 NATIONS TRUST COMPANY. 
 
 THE NATIONS TRUST COMPANY existed over 50 years ago. It was 
 located on Penn avenue, between Eleventh and Twelfth, then Canal and 
 O'Hara streets. It was established by men of wealth and standing, as the 
 first directors show. 
 
 But one day in the early '70s its doors were closed; the cashier disap- 
 peared ; it was found that it had been looted to the extent of almost $1,000,000, 
 and to this day the details of where the money went, or actual cause of the 
 failure, are unwritten. 
 
 The cashier returned to the city some time afterward, promising, on the 
 guarantee of immunity, to make a "clean breast of affairs," but that disclosure 
 did not materialize. 
 
 It was neither a national nor a State bank, but a trust company, in which 
 the stockholders were individually liable. 
 
 It attracted a good business and at the time of its closing had deposits of 
 approximately $1,000,000. 
 
 It was the subject of legislative as well as legal investigation and various 
 other inquiries, councilmanic as well, as to where the money went, but about 
 the only outcome was the fact that all of the assets had "gone glimmering." 
 
 The legislative inquiry was brought about in this way: The City of 
 Pittsburgh had established a water commission to build a new water works 
 and had issued bonds to pay for the same. It transpired that $250,000 of those 
 bonds had been loaned to the cashier of the defunct bank, said bonds having 
 been hypothecated in Philadelphia, for loans to tide the trust company 
 temporarily. 
 
 When rumors became general that the trust company was in a shaky 
 condition, efforts were made to recover these bonds. The cashier succeeded in 
 convincing the agent of the water commission that if he had $250,000 more of 
 the bonds for 10 days or thereabouts, he could return the whole sum. The 
 second loan, therefore, was made, all without the knowledge of the commis- 
 sioners; the bonds were taken in a satchel to Philadelphia and hypothecated, 
 and when the crash came the plight of the funds of the water commission was 
 discovered. From a councilmanic inquiry it soon became a legislative Lexow. 
 
 In those early days it developed that it was "a one-man bank," and at the 
 time of the failure many of the first directors had withdrawn, not only from 
 the board, but also had disposed of their holdings. Assessment after assess- 
 ment was made, but only a few of the remaining stockholders were able to 
 meet the same, and the burden was most strenuous, one stockholder at least 
 having been mulcted for over $100,000, and others for large sums. 
 
20 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 The books of the bank were kept in a way which would put it over on 
 any ordinary board of directors, and the auditors testified that for several 
 years they went over but one sheet of paper, submitted by the cashier, and 
 never saw inside of any of the bank's books. 
 
 The general ledger was one of the most attractive specimens of book- 
 keeping ever opened, and at one investigation the custodian of that book 
 testified for a couple of hours that every entry was true and correct. 
 
 United States District Attorney H. B. Swoope, who was counsel in the 
 case at this time against the bank, finally interrupted the query long enough 
 privately to tell the witness he was lying, in order to save the face of the 
 cashier, and unless he made decision to tell the truth, batteries would be 
 turned against him for perjury. He would spare him if he would tell the 
 truth. He admitted his statements were untrue, and on resuming the stand 
 said the ledger accounts were falsified from beginning to end ; but neither he 
 nor any other witness could or would disclose where the money went. 
 
 It was afterwards stated that the city got off reasonably well, in view of 
 the fact that another batch of the water bonds of the city, hypothecated in 
 Philadelphia, had been recovered by a leading and influential railroad mag- 
 nate, who rode from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh with a prominent city council- 
 man, who at times rested his feet on the package containing the recovered 
 bonds without meanwhile knowing that what he was worrying about would 
 soon be again in the vault of the water commission. 
 
 This councilman, an influential and wealthy citizen, knew of the plight of 
 the city and despaired of ever getting back the missing bonds. 
 
 A SNAKE STORY. 
 
 AS I sit writing this hot August day, I cull from my archives this snake 
 story, which has lain dormant for a half century. 
 
 Here is a snake story, located in Brazil, which rather "takes down" anything 
 of home manufacture: — It is well known that snakes are fond of milk. There 
 was once a snake not exempt from this weakness of its fellow reptiles, which 
 hit upon the following ingenious expedient to gratify its taste. It visited a room 
 in which a black nurse and her nursling slept, and every night his snakeship 
 would creep into the bed, cunningly insert the tip of its tail into the baby's 
 mouth to amuse it and prevent its crying, while the hideous reptile substituted 
 itself for the infant, which it thus deprived of its natural food, the nurse sleep- 
 ing on, unconscious of having such a monstrous nursing. 
 
 This went on for some time, until the infant, being thus cheated out of its 
 allowance of food, became so thin that suspicion was excited, and an old negress 
 was set to watch the nurse at night — the delinquent was caught in the act, and 
 expiated its offence with its life, while the poor baby, being no longer kept on 
 "short commons," recovered its strength and grew fine and fat as before. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 21 
 
 BRUTAL HOMICIDES. 
 
 H A S WE sat by the fire" John H. Stewart, Sheriff of Allegheny County in 
 a~\ 1866, suggested reference to the execution of Benjamin Bernhardt 
 Marschall and August Frecke, Friday, January 26, 1866, for the brutal murder 
 of John Henry Foerster in August of the previous year. Foerster was an 
 emigrant; the men met him on a train arriving in Pittsburgh along about 
 midnight. They offered to get him a boarding house, and took him to an old 
 dismantled brick yard on Boyd's Hill. He was supposed to have money. 
 Frecke hit him from behind with an iron bar and Marschall stabbed him as he 
 fell almost in his arms. 
 
 They had his trunk and belongings, which they appropriated, and left the 
 body where it was found at daybreak by a workman. 
 
 During the night they walked to the middle of the old Hand street bridge 
 and dropped into the Allegheny river a weighted bundle containing the 
 blood-stained clothing, knife, iron bar, etc. 
 
 The murder was shrouded in mystery and it seemed as if the assassins 
 would never be discovered ; but numerous robberies led to the arrest of Mar- 
 schall, and among the booty discovered was a pair of hobnailed shoes, with 
 blood stains thereon and a thoroughly German pipe, which had not been 
 unloaded of its ashes. 
 
 These and other clues were followed up, and Frecke was apprehended in 
 McKeesport. 
 
 He was taken past the cell in which Marschall was confined and as soon 
 as Marschall saw him he sent for Mayor James Lowry, and on that eventful 
 Sunday morning confessed to the brutal crime, implicating Frecke, who he 
 believed had already given away the secret. 
 
 It transpired that the motive was greed; that they had never seen the 
 stranger until they met him on the train ; being of fine presence, well dressed, 
 etc., they thought he had money. If he had they did not disclose it. Frecke 
 was walking behind Foerster, Marschall in front, and at a given signal 
 Frecke struck him on the back of the head, and Marschall finished him with 
 the knife. It was at the most lonely spot in the dismantled brick yard. 
 
 It also transpired that the wretches visited the old Central Police Station, 
 where the body of the murdered man lay for identification, and gazed with 
 thousands into store windows at photographs of the dead man without 
 wincing. 
 
 Marschall, after his confession, spent all of his time preparing for death, 
 and assured his spiritual adviser, Father Amandus, his punishment was mer- 
 ited. He arranged for the disposition. of his body and the care of his family. 
 He was a giant in size and strength. Frecke was small, frail, and one of the 
 most cowardly wretches ever brought face to face with crime. His last night 
 on earth was most miserable. 
 
 When on the gallows together, Frecke, who had denied his guilt, said to 
 Marschall : "Now, you have one more chance to say I'm innocent. Will you ?" 
 
 Marschall made no reply, the trap fell and the end came to one of the 
 most brutal crimes in history. 
 
22 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 One week after the hanging of Marschall and Frecke still another name 
 was added to the list — Martha Grinder, and the gallows used for Jacoby, 
 Evans and Marschall and Frecke remained intact for the execution of Mrs. 
 Grinder. 
 
 And who was Martha Grinder? The Lucretia Borgia of that day — a 
 woman who, under the guise of helping her sick neighbors, without apparent 
 motive, poisoned them. The victim for which she paid the penalty on the 
 scaffold was Mrs. James Carothers, to whom she secretly administered 
 arsenic while feigning to be in sympathy with and wanting to help the family, 
 and slowly saw her victim dying by reason of her devilish conduct. She 
 fainted when she started up the steps to the scaffold and had to be supported 
 while the noose was being adjusted. 
 
 And, reader, did you notice that with Mrs. Grinder's execution the 
 total hangings in Allegheny County to that date were but 10, in a period of 78 
 years ? And who were the others ? As I am writing wholly from my records 
 or memory, I cannot recall the victims of Tiernan and Gallego; but Dave 
 Jewel was a prominent fireman of the city, a great favorite. On a fourth of 
 July he quarreled with a young man, without any serious results, but in the 
 afternoon of the same day trailed the young man and cruelly murdered him. 
 
 Jacoby killed his wife; Evans — I cannot recall his victim; Charlotte 
 Jones, Fife and a man named Stewart conspired and murdered the rich old 
 uncle of the woman. Stewart died of smallpox, while awaiting the day of 
 execution. 
 
 Jacoby murdered his wife and fled the city. Two months afterward he 
 was captured in the West, and his return to Pittsburgh, August 31, 1858, occa- 
 sioned intense excitement. Almost the whole official force of the city went to 
 Beaver Falls to meet Marshal Rehm, in charge of the prisoner. 
 
 EXTRAORDINARY ACCIDENT. 
 
 THE Nashville Dispatch learns that a government team was run over a few 
 evenings ago, while crossing the track of the Louisville & Nashville Rail- 
 road, back of the depot. The mules got frightened, and stood on the track until 
 the locomotive approached and struck the wagon, crushing it to atoms. It is 
 almost incredible, but nevertheless true, that the driver was thrown under a 
 train of cars on the opposite track, uninjured, while the mules were turned 
 heels over head off the track and six of their shoes jerked off their feet. Beyond 
 a few slight scratches and a big scare the "animules" were not hurt. We have 
 often heard of men being "jerked out of their boots," but this is the first in- 
 stance we have ever known of mules being "jerked out of their shoes." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 23 
 
 THE OLD ALLEGHENY COMMONS. 
 
 HERE is the story of how the "old Allegheny Commons" was transformed 
 into the Allegheny Parks, at a small expenditure of money, spread out 
 over a series of years. 
 
 Reference to the acquiring of Schenley Park reminds me of the transfor- 
 mation of the "old Allegheny Commons" into the beautiful parks that the 
 citizens of the Northside have so long enjoyed. Possibly along about 1880 
 James Brown, Controller of Allegheny City, held in his hand a bond for 
 $1,000, issued to provide funds to establish the Allegheny park system. It was 
 the last of $250,000 bonds issued for that purpose, and its redemption and can- 
 cellation that day gave to the citizens the parks free, forever, only a small 
 appropriation for maintenance and upkeep annually being required. 
 
 The commons had its pasture fields, cinder piles, ball grounds, where the 
 old Enterprise baseball club attracted crowds, and a little stream of clear 
 water, which ran through that part of the old commons next to North avenue. 
 It was the playgrounds of barefooted children, the rendezvous of wandering 
 chickens, and ever and anon a stray pig, having escaped from its moorings, 
 rooted among the rubbish that accumulated from Irwin and North avenues to 
 Cedar avenue. 
 
 Archibald Marshall, Esq., of the Marshall-Kennedy Milling Company, 
 and other influential citizens, started the movement for the system of parks, 
 to take the place of the neglected "commons," and the enterprise was every- 
 where warmly endorsed. 
 
 It was quite a delight in after years to hear Mr. Marshall relate how, 
 aided by well-known citizens, he had superintended and even himself planted 
 many of the trees then affording shelter, comfort and pleasure to the thou- 
 sands of people of both cities, whose only pleasure resorts at this time were the 
 Allegheny parks. 
 
 THE SUGGESTED REMEDY. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION men in convention had discussed for several hours 
 the question, which is the most dangerous place on a train in case of a 
 collision, the front or rear coach. Every officer had spoken several times, but 
 a holding of hands indicated that a majority believed the most dangerous place 
 in the collision is the rear car. 
 
 Fitzgerald, the wreck master, was called on for an opinion, as he had main- 
 tained the utmost silence. 
 
 "It seems to be agreed," said he, "that the rear car is the most dangerous — 
 why not lave it off, thin?" 
 
24 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 PITTSBURGH AND BIG CONVENTIONS. 
 
 YEARS ago the foundation was laid for big conventions in Pittsburgh. Its 
 aspirations in this line reached top notch when it sought to handle a 
 great national political gathering in 1896, and the superb effort at that time 
 is responsible for its high ranking as an ideal city for the big meetings of 
 today. We are just beginning to reap plenteously from the sowing of nearly a 
 quarter of a century. 
 
 Twelve hundred delegates to the International Sabbath School Conven- 
 tion were entertained along in the '8os. The convention lasted one week. The 
 delegates were housed in hotels until filled, when private residences hospi- 
 tably entertained the visitors. Dinner was served in the Exposition Building, 
 different churches having charge daily, and the meals were in the nature of 
 real banquets, owing to the rivalry among the various denominations. Music 
 preceded every meal thus served, and the noon recess of the convention was a 
 great social event. Guests not in hotels were cared for in private residences 
 and given supper and breakfast The delegates and officers declared that 
 never before in the history of the Association had such a reception been 
 accorded them anywhere. 
 
 And in 1894, what more can be said of the twenty-eighth national en- 
 campment of the G. A. R. than to recall what the old veterans themselves 
 are pleased to repeat : That never before or since has the G. A. R. been hon- 
 ored as at the twenty-eighth encampment 
 
 Over a year was occupied in preparing for the convention. There were 18 
 committees, the chairmen of which formed the executive committee, and there 
 was a chairman and an executive director. There were 1,200 delegates iri 
 attendance, and they were entertained without a cent of cost. 
 
 There was contributed by our patriotic citizens to the expense fund 
 between $101,000 and $102,000. It cost about $90,000 to entertain the visitors, 
 and $12,000 were returned to the donors, who voted it to various public 
 institutions. 
 
 A brass cannon in the arsenal grounds at Lawrenceville, which was 
 among the pieces ordered to be shipped south in i860, about the time the 
 Rock Island arsenal had been scuttled, was obtained by the committee by an 
 act of Congress, and the committee on badges had it melted, and with certain 
 alloy, historic badges of a beautiful design — the G. A. R. emblems — were man- 
 ufactured. These were enclosed in a case forming a section of a T rail, beauti- 
 fully polished. Souvenirs of all kinds were made from the cannon, and thou- 
 sands of visitors purchased them. So that the committee on badges, of which 
 Percy F. Smith was chairman, not only paid for the emblems given the delegates, 
 but had a profit of about $3,000. 
 
 The work of the committee on badges and a facsimile of the cannon as it 
 came from the arsenal grounds is now among the archives in the Soldiers 
 Memorial Hall, having been transferred from the Carnegie Institute about a 
 year ago. 
 
 Following came the Triennial Conclave of the Knights Templar of the 
 United States in 1898, conceded to have been one of the largest and most suc- 
 cessful in its history. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 25 
 
 The Chamber of Commerce sent Percy F. Smith, chairman, and Gen. A. 
 J. Logan and W. A. Zahn a committee of three to Boston in 1895 to secure Ae 
 conclave for 1898. It was a spirited contest, and the hardest obstacle to over- 
 come was lack of hotel accommodations. But after three speeches by the 
 chairman of the committee of the Chamber of Commerce Pittsburgh won. 
 
 And in 1896 it was the lack of hotel accommodations which caused Pitts- 
 burgh to lose out in its effort to obtain the consent of the National Republican 
 Executive Committee to hold in Pittsburgh the national convention, where 
 William McKinley was to be the nominee. Happily, now that cry can no 
 longer be raised, and if the reapers continue to harvest the sowing of a quar- 
 ter of a century ago, by the founders of Pittsburgh, nothing will be found lack- 
 ing in the way of generous treatment. 
 
 For it is a fact that when United States Senator Quay said it would 
 require an expense fund of $100,000, and a certified check at that, to secure 
 consideration before the national committee, the boosters of 20 years ago went 
 to work. James McKean, of the Union Trust Company, headed the committee, 
 on finance, and one citizen who subscribed $5,000 said he would make it 
 $5,000 more. He subsequently stated that sum could be increased to $50,000. 
 Senator Quay subscribed $1,000 and scores of others a like amount. 
 
 The Arlington Hotel at Washington was headquarters. A special train 
 over the Baltimore & Ohio conveyed the boosters to the capital, and a special 
 over the Pennsylvania Railroad returned them. 
 
 Checks made out by Mr. McKean and certified by C. L. Magee were laid 
 on the table when the committee met. Speeches in behalf of Pittsburgh were 
 made by the Hon. John Dalzell, Congressman; also Gov. William A. Stone, 
 and the secretary, Mr. Smith, presented a roster of the hotels. Of course the 
 lack of a convention hall was a strong factor against Pittsburgh. 
 
 MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 SIXTY years ago August 24, 1918, the annual report of the Young Men's 
 Mercantile Library Association was issued. It included the story of how 
 it was founded July 13, 1847, by three young men meeting in the room of one of 
 them for an evening's enjoyment. Samuel M. Wickersham was the first presi- 
 dent. And it may be said that the season lecture courses given under the auspices 
 of this association, by the direction of Capt. Wm. P. Herbert and other directors, 
 were the popular events of the time. For four dollars per year the public was 
 favored with lectures by Henry Ward Beecher, De Witt Talmage, Joseph Cook, 
 John B. Gough, Rev. Hyatt Smith, Olive Logan, Anna Dickinson, Mrs. Cady 
 Stanton and, in fact, all the leading lecturers of the time. Frequently there was 
 standing room only in old Library Hall when any of the above celebrities were 
 ■tihe attraction. 
 
26 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 SALT RIVER A LOST STREAM. 
 
 THE political campaign of 1868 was a hot one, and in Pittsburgh it will be 
 readily recalled by the reproduction of the slogan of the Democrats : 
 "Seymour and Blair and Blackmore for Mayor." 
 
 The result was a solar plexus blow to the Democrats and "Salt River 
 tickets" were soon in circulation. 
 
 This aftermath of political fights has passed. But I found in my archives 
 this, relating to the campaign of 1868: 
 
 Pittsburgh Theatre, 
 
 October 1, 1868. 
 
 First Night of Simon Johnston's Hydro-Carbonated and Deodorized Conservative 
 
 White Man's Version of Othello. 
 
 The management takes great pleasure in announcing to the Democratic 
 lovers of the drama that at great expense they have effected an engagement with 
 that world-renowned troupe of artists known as the "Blair Guards," now en route 
 to Salt River, who will give several of their inimitable representations at this 
 Ancient Temple of Thespis, beginning with Othello this evening. 
 
 The cast includes all the prominent Democrats of that warm Presidential and 
 local campaign. 
 
 There was also a champion dance, Carolina brakedown with clogs, etc., by 
 a leading Democratic lawyer. 
 
 The whole to conclude with the laughable burlesque entitled "Big Zeke, 
 or the Mudlarks' Rebellion," mudlarks referring to a gang of ruffians who had 
 for years terrified the lower wards of the city and especially in the wards where 
 the colored people were in evidence. 
 
 The cast includes Big Zeke (in person), then Syksey, Lord Mayor, 
 Dusty Perambulating Editor, Counsel for Mudlarks, Law Judge, Judge — all 
 filled by defeated Democrats. 
 
 Police, revolvers, brickbats, etc., by the entire strength of the company. 
 
 In rehearsal a new version of "Humpty Dumpty" — Humpty Dumpty, Col. — 
 
 Admission, payable in coin only, $200.00. 
 
 AN ACTIVE DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION. 
 
 THE Allegheny County Democratic convention, August 19, 1858, was a 
 lively one. There was a full column of "resolves" in the platform de- 
 nouncing the "intrigues and bribery" by which the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
 pany had acquired power and wealth, personal denunciation in severe language 
 of all Democrats who disagreed with the majority, and especially Gen. James 
 K. Moorehead and Robert McKnight, Republican nominees, as "peddlers of 
 bonds and tools of bondholders." The venerable Judge William Wilkins, United 
 States Senator, Ambassador to Russia, member of the State Senate and of the 
 National House of Representatives, among other criticisms, was even refused op- 
 portunity to present resolutions honoring President James Buchanan, the incum- 
 bent, who received in 1856 9,000 Democratic votes in Allegheny County. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 27 
 
 PITTSBURGH AND LAKE ERIE RAILROAD. 
 
 WHEN the Legislature of 1873 adjourned, Hon. Andrew B. Young, one 
 of the rural members of the House from Allegheny County, carried 
 home an Act of the Assembly incorporating the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Rail- 
 road, providing for a line on the south bank of the Monongahela and Ohio rivers 
 to New Castle, Pa., and Youngstown, Ohio. 
 
 He carried it a long time and finally sold it for $2,000. 
 
 Of course the railroads on the north bank of those points opposed its con- 
 struction — it wasn't needed, etc., but finally the Old Harmony Society and others 
 put some money into the enterprise, and manufacturers on the South Side made 
 slight subscriptions, to get rid of the promoters as much as for any other reason, 
 one firm subscribing for $2,000 worth of the stock, with the understanding they 
 were not to be asked to do anything further for the enterprise, and they in turn 
 promising to consider the $2,000 "a flyer" without hope of return. 
 
 But finally B. J. McGrann & Co. accepted the bonds issued for the con- 
 struction of the line, and for $2,400,000 they completed it in quick time. 
 
 There was not a gill of water in the stock. It was completed without a breath 
 of suspicion as to graft, and from the date of its operation paid dividends. It 
 was soon called the Little Giant, the phenomenal railroad of America. For in- 
 stance, in those days $10,000 per mile was satisfactory earnings; $12,000 was 
 better — $20,000 was regarded as velvet. But one year not long after the opening 
 of the road the earnings reached $55,000 per mile ; later $77,000, and there is no 
 telling what would have been the "top notch" if the New York Central people 
 had not got in their hooks and constructed the Pittsburgh, McKeesport and 
 Youghiogheny Railroad into the coke' regions and which now extends to the 
 sea via the Western Maryland Railroad. 
 
 And Andy Young's "Jerk-water" line when it was handed over to the New 
 York Central by that amazing financier, Henry W. Oliver, Jr., was one of the 
 finest pieces of railway in America as well as the best paying. The owners of 
 the stock got as high as $160 per share from Mr. Oliver as he gathered it up 
 for the Vanderbilts. Just what Mr. Oliver got for the stock was never disclosed. 
 
 w 
 
 EASY. 
 
 HAT is there which, supposing its greatest breadth to be four inches, length 
 nine inches, and depth three inches, contains a solid foot? A shoe. 
 
 TRUE TO A HAIR. 
 
 A SOMEWHAT juvenile dandy, said to a fair partner at a ball; don't you 
 think, Miss, that my mustaches are becoming. To which she replied: 
 They may be-coming but they have not yet arrived. 
 
28 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 A NIGHT OF TERROR. 
 
 SATURDAY, July 21, 1877, at noon Gen. A. L. Pearson, of the State militia, 
 undertook to move a locomotive of the P. R. R. over the Twenty-eighth 
 street crossing. Stones were fired into the crowd on the hillside, shots were 
 fired, some people hurt, and the great railroad tie-up, the result of the P. R. R. 
 Co. undertaking to run "double headers" with but one train crew, reached its 
 crisis. Business on the railroads of the United States had been at a complete 
 standstill, the Pennsylvania State militia had been called out and Col. Bob 
 Brinton, of Philadelphia, was in the city with his Philadelphia regiment. Gen. 
 Pearson had previously announced he would move that engine or die in his tracks, 
 but the mob was ready for him and the Pittsburgh soldiers were entirely in- 
 adequate to handle the mob. 
 
 By seven o'clock Saturday evening the city was in a state of anarchy, gun 
 stores had been "ransacked" and the mob armed with every conceivable weapon. 
 Fires were started by the rioters between eight and nine o'clock p. m. and by 
 ten o'clock Sunday morning three million dollars worth of property had been 
 destroyed, including the Union Depot and Hotel, the Grain Elevator and hun- 
 dreds of cars and locomotives of the P. R. R., as well as private property. 
 
 Col. Brinton's soldiers took refuge in the engine roundhouse at Twenty- 
 eighth street, which was burned, his men forced out and followed in a hot chase 
 by the mob to a point beyond Sharpsburg, Col. Brinton having in the mean- 
 time been shot down in cold blood. A number of civilians were also killed. 
 
 The churches adjourned services Sunday morning and a procession of citi- 
 zens marched along Liberty street with clubs, etc., and news that regular United 
 States soldiers were on their way from Rock Island arsenal frightened the rioters 
 and they dispersed and went into hiding. Another factor in the outcome was 
 the fact that during the night a car in the Pan Handle yard on New Grant street 
 was broken open before being fired. 
 
 It contained high wines and other liquors, and the rioters drank the fluid 
 from tin cups, which put them out of the notion of further deviltry. 
 
 The rioters were largely the riffraff of the United States, who purposely 
 congregated here during the week, intent on loot and robbery, and the "swag" 
 carried off amounted to thousands of dollars. 
 
 Very few of our local workingmen did any mischief, but many were pun- 
 ished for being in the crowd and refusing to disperse and go home when so 
 ordered by the sheriff. This refusal, Judge Sterrett ruled, constituted riot, and 
 some very severe sentences were imposed. 
 
 Trains began moving on Monday, regular United States soldiers having 
 arrived on Sunday, and the county paid the damages — almost $3,000,000. 
 
 SATISFIED. 
 
 AFTER ordering a dozen things not on the bill of fare because not in season, 
 the guest said, is there nothing in season. Oh yes, "prunes," said the 
 waiter. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 29 
 
 "PULLING THE WOOL." 
 
 ONE of the most interesting cases tried in the civil courts 40 or more years 
 ago was that of John Dinsmore of Washington County against Barker, 
 Kilgore & Co., wool merchants of Pittsburgh. The case was heard in the old 
 District Court of Allegheny County, presided over by Hon. Moses Hampton 
 and Hon. John M. Kirkpatrick, and was tried three times. 
 
 It was a battle royal between the counsel, Hon. Marcus W. Acheson, after- 
 ward Judge of the United States District Court, and W. B. Rodgers, Esq., for 
 John Dinsmore, and the Hon. Thomas M. Marshall for the wool merchants, 
 who were the leading dealers in wool in Western Pennsylvania. 
 
 The case ran about like this : One day a man giving the name of Dinsmore 
 and representing himself to be the son of John Dinsmore, farmer and sheep 
 grower of Washington County, called at the wool house and offered a fine lot 
 of wool for sale. A bargain was struck, and the firm furnished sacks and 
 arranged to have their drays at the station on the arrival of the consignment, 
 which when weighed would be paid for, at sight. 
 
 Scene second occurred at the farm of John Dinsmore. The man with the 
 wool sacks made a dicker with the sheep grower for his wool, told him he was 
 the agent of the wool firm, and made him a most tempting offer for all the wool 
 he could gather up. The sale aggregated almost $4,ooq. 
 
 Barker's alleged agent at Dinsmore's farm promptly returned to the wool 
 house, meantime changing to Martin Dinsmore, the farmer's son. More like a 
 fable than fact. This was, say, on a Wednesday. The young rascal got a check 
 for the full amount of the transaction, disappeared and was never again heard of. 
 
 Two days later John Dinsmore, the farmer, arrived in the city, per agree- 
 ment with the oily gammon agent, to get his money, and Barker, Kilgore & Co. 
 were dumfounded, as was also Dinsmore. 
 
 The wool merchants declined to pay the second time and Farmer Dinsmore 
 retained Messrs. Acheson & Rodgers to collect his unpaid bill, which in reality 
 had been paid. 
 
 The liability of the wool firm to reimburse the rightful owner was about the 
 only question at issue, outside of the incidents of the interesting "bunco" case, 
 unparalleled in the history of cases in Allegheny county. 
 
 And just here is where the most interesting part of the case comes in. Mr. 
 Kilgore of the wool firm had a friend on the news staff of one of the city papers 
 and, fearing that the details of the case might leak out and get into the news- 
 papers in a mangled or distorted form, called upon his reportorial friend and 
 gave him the details just as they had developed and are explained above. 
 
 Of course, the reporter of the newspaper was the star witness, inasmuch as 
 Mr. Kilgore himself had furnished the thread of the narrative. Every effort 
 possible was made by Mr. Marshall to break the testimony of the reporter. He 
 charged that the item published had been amplified ; that the writer had used his 
 own language and not that of Mr. Kilgore, and scouted the idea that the wool 
 merchant had ever made such a statement. But he carefully refrained from put- 
 ting Mr. Kilgore on the stand to deny it. He would not do it, and frankly told Mr. 
 Marshall so. On the other hand, Acheson & Rodgers proved conclusively that 
 
30 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 the reporter had but one source of information about the transaction, and that 
 was Mr. Kilgore himself, and that the story given had been published at the sug- 
 gestion of Mr. Kilgore, provided the reporter thought it an item of news. 
 
 The jury on each of the three trials found a verdict in favor of the farmer, 
 for the full amount of his claim, based on the charge of the Court, that when 
 at the Dinsmore farm, with the sacks of the wool firm, the alleged agent bolstered 
 up his responsibility by a complete knowledge of the market prices of wool, 
 Dinsmore was justified in believing that he was dealing with the real agent of 
 the wool dealers. On the other hand the purchasers should have been satisfied 
 that the man to whom they paid the money for the wool was the proper party 
 to receipt the bill for John Dinsmore. 
 
 DISCOVERY OF CHAUTAUQUA LAKE. 
 
 THE fame of Chautauqua Lake came from the work of a Pittsburgher, Col. 
 William Phillips, president of the A. V. R. R., who early realized that 
 the beautiful lake would prove a peerless summer resort for Pittsburghers, and 
 increase travel on the trains on the A. V. R. R. 
 
 Matthew Bemis of Bemis Point, N. Y., and others had built a line of road 
 from Corry, on the Philadelphia & Erie Railroad, connecting with the Oil Creek 
 & Allegheny River and the Allegheny Valley Railroad. The line extended to 
 Brockton, on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, passing through 
 Mayville, at the head of Chautauqua Lake. A more forlorn waste place could 
 scarcely have been selected for a line of railroad, and for which there were not 
 the remotest signs of traffic, the only place worth mentioning after leaving 
 Corry being Mayville. 
 
 But Colonel Phillips satisfied himself that it would be a great summer resort 
 for Pittsburgh if only they would take time enough to learn where it was, how 
 easily reached, its altitude and general attractive surroundings. That such a 
 lake was in existence 700 feet above Lake Erie was known only to the people 
 of New York and Jamestown, the other end of the 22 miles of water, and to 
 people on the old Atlantic & Great Western Railroad en route through James- 
 town to Salamanca, N. Y. 
 
 Accordingly Matthew Bemis and Colonel Phillips arranged for a grand 
 excursion of prominent people of Pittsburgh. Ladies and gentlemen numbering 
 some 200, guests of the two colonels, were taken to Mayville on special cars 
 and on a boat toured the lake, voting it one of the most charming bodies of 
 water in America. Correspondents filled the Pittsburgh papers with the details 
 of this voyage of discovery, and the old Chautauqua House at Mayville was 
 soon unable to accommodate the Pittsburghers arriving daily and especially on 
 Saturday. Horace Fox and his charming wife made it a most delightful place 
 to stop. 
 
 Almost in a night was established the famous "Chautauqua Route," four 
 miles below Mayville, famous as a bass fishing grounds before the advent of the 
 Assembly Grounds; then Point Chautauqua, the Baptist assembly grounds, about 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 31 
 
 two miles from Mayville. Bemis Point at once took the lead until "Lakewood," 
 near Jamestown, became the most fashionable resort for the elite of America. 
 
 But Pittsburghers who visited the lake at the time referred to, after leav- 
 ing Mayville, could scarcely obtain a lunch anywhere until they reached Bemis 
 Point, Lakewood or Jamestown. Properly, therefore, must Colonel Phillips 
 be accorded the praise of developing, for Pittsburghers, Chautauqua Lake; and 
 besides the big steamer Jamestown, which plied the lake soon after, two other 
 steamers — the Colonel William Phillips and the Pittsburgh — were shortly added to 
 the list to accommodate tourists. 
 
 Colonel Phillips related with pleasure the fact that the "christening" of 
 Chautauqua Lake, by the popular excursion of Pittsburgh people, had resulted 
 in several romances, five or six weddings having followed acquaintanceships 
 made on the voyage over the lake. 
 
 His principal interest was in the marriage of his splendid transportation 
 manager, Thomas M. King, and Miss Rachel Finney, the daughter of Robert 
 Finney of the Boatmen's and Eureka Fire Insurance Companies. I am unable 
 to recall the other happy marriages, the romance of which began in the delight- 
 ful excursion referred to. 
 
 Henry Harley and Charley Pitcher, the oil princes, appeared frequently at 
 Lake Chautauqua after Pittsburghers began to patronize it, and many of our 
 citizens became warmly attached to them. Together they built a sailing yacht. 
 The boat was finished, ready to be launched and christened, when it suddenly 
 occurred to the owners that no name had been selected. "Can't you think of a 
 name?" said Pitcher to Harley. The latter said: "Yes, if it did not appear 
 selfish I would like to name the yacht Susie in honor of my wife." "By jove," 
 said Pitcher, "just the trick. My wife's name is Susie. The yacht is named The 
 Two Susies," and many pleasant parties of Pittsburghers enjoyed the hospitality 
 of Harley and Pitcher. 
 
 FEEDING BY WEIGHT. 
 
 OUT west you pay as you leave the restaurants to take your train. When 
 you enter you are weighed; weighed again as you leave, and you are 
 charged by the pound. A knowing fellow entered with a fire brick in each 
 pocket of his duster, was weighed, and while eating adroitly removed the bricks 
 and left them under the table. Weighed as he passed out, one pound lighter, 
 the restaurant keeper had to give him a rebate slip which he cashed in for fifty 
 cents. 
 
 A CHARMED AUDITOR. 
 
 AFTER the young man had sung "Love's Young Dream" in a delightful voice 
 an auditor broke the silence in the most eloquent language, and assured 
 the host that he could sit and listen to the singer all night — yes, sir, the same 
 singer all night long — "if I was drugged." 
 
32 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 CHARCOAL PIG IRON IN 1853. 
 
 MY MEMORY of an old charcoal iron furnace on Bullion Run, Venango 
 County, operated as early as the spring of 1853 by a Pittsburgh manu- 
 facturer in tin and copper, John C. Smith, father of the author of this volume, 
 is freshened by a glance into the pages of the old "day book," which recorded 
 the original entries at the furnace store, some 65 years ago. Few people, 
 indeed, knew of the existence of this furnace, as it was in such an out-of-the- 
 way place, but it was reached by boats on the Allegheny River to Scrubgrass 
 and by drive via Butler, Parkers Landing, etc. It was a small furnace, but 
 here the pig metal industry was carried on in its most primitive way — by 
 water power. 
 
 I append some of the entries in the "scratcher," or day book, kept at the 
 furnace store, which will be appreciated the more as the prices are contrasted 
 with present cost of high living, or high cost of present living. 
 
 Tea sold at $1 per pound; iron, 6y 2 c; coffee, 16c. ; plug tobacco, 6%c. ; 
 calico, i2y 2 c. Just here let me explain that the %. and y 2 cent meant some- 
 thing then, because the "fippeny-bit," a silver coin, was worth 6J4 cents, while 
 the "levy" was rated at 12^ cents. Afterward the 5 and 10 cent coins took 
 their places. 
 
 Cordwood sold for 45c. per cord; sugar, 10c. ; 22^2 pounds sole leather 
 brought $5.62^ ; beef, 4c. per pound ; flour, 4c. per pound ; coal, 14c. per 
 bushel. Labor was paid 50c. a day and upward and board, although some 
 entries show $2 per day for labor — likely skilled ; bacon brought I2j4c 
 
 Some of the entries in detail are appended: 
 
 Tobacco, tea and file, $1.65; rice and tobacco, 34c; bacon and tobacco, 
 $1.65 ; lead, powder and tobacco, 26%c. ; candles, gloves and tobacco, 49%c. ; 
 nails and suspenders, $1.50; pitch fork, 8yy 2 c; coffee and shawl, $5; tobacco 
 and candles, 48c. ; candles and molasses, 88% c. ; coffee, tobacco and tea, 98c. ; 
 tobacco and mattock, $1.31%; cash, coffee and tobacco, $26.33^; three pairs 
 boots, $12; shot and caps, 18c. ; spikes, saleratus and candles, 56c%. ; tobacco, 
 pipe and handkerchief, 20%c. ; one pound of tobacco, 37J^c; hat and fiddle 
 strings, $1.31%; oats, beef and horse shoes, 98c; corn, oats and sugar, 61c. 
 
 About one-half of the extras in each account was for tobacco, but there is 
 not a single entry for alcoholic beverages, unless it was under the head of 
 "tea," as it sometimes happened in later years. But the writer is certain that 
 some of the furnace men were at times on intimate terms with John Barley- 
 corn, whose followers called it "mountain tea," but where it came from depo- 
 nent saith not. 
 
 Payment was made in various ways, very little actual money changing 
 hands, and still less business in the way of bank checks. For instance, there 
 are credits for 2,000 feet of boards, $15; 12 cords of wood, $5.40; for digging ore, 
 chopping wood, day's labor, a watch, going to mill, one yoke of cattle, boarding, 
 "butter and apron," hay, straw and hauling. A specific instance reads : For 
 coffee and a shawl, charged at $5, payment was made by one hog, weighing 
 when dressed 125 pounds at 5c. per pound. Another account was balanced by 
 an ox yoke, labor and coal, and still another was paid for in "comforts, ropes 
 and 3,944 bushels of coal." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 33 
 
 BUSY MARTS IN DUQUESNE WAY. 
 
 A WALK along Duquesne way suggests its early days and the changes 
 in its business enterprises in 50 years, its boat yards, saw mills and coal 
 yards, its bulk oil barges ; its up river boats, and its timber floats ; its Oil Exchange, 
 affording plenty of excitement all day of business hours; its crowded hotel at 
 Seventh street and Duquesne way; its horse market; its pleasure boat-houses; 
 its big brewery and the Wayne Iron Works at Tenth street, adjoining the prop- 
 erty of the Fort Wayne Railroad. There was no more busy place in the city than 
 Duquesne way in the early 6o's and later on, and the daily newspapers relied 
 largely upon the doings of the Oil Exchange, the gossip of the hotel, the brew- 
 ery, the rivermen, etc., news as filtered from the politicians who made it a ren- 
 dezvous, for pointers generally leading to many superb news items. 
 
 Pittsburgh was then one of the leading oil centers. Beginning in old Law- 
 renceville, or about what is now Thirty-third street, extending to beyond the 
 Sharpsburg bridge, along the Allegheny River, were numerous oil refineries, 
 the products from petroleum oil being carbon oil, benzine, naphtha, etc. Dave 
 Reighard, whose refinery was on Thirty-third street, afterwards organized the 
 Columbia Conduit Company, later selling out to the Standard Oil Cimpany; 
 the Nonpareil Oil Works, Fairview Refinery, Citizens Oil Company and many 
 others were among the leading refineries of the country. Benj. W. Morgan, 
 well known in political circles in Pittsburgh as "the Red Planet of War," was 
 connected with the Nonpareil Company, and Andy Lyons and Jared M. Brush, 
 the latter Mayor of Pittsburgh, were leaders in the Citizens' works. 
 
 Cooper shops everywhere in Allegheny County did a thriving business, as 
 the demand for barrels was unprecedented, and right in Pittsburgh was hoop 
 iron made to supply almost the entire demands of the country. An immense 
 brick cooper shop was erected in the Eighteenth ward, along the Allegheny 
 Valley Railroad, for more than a block — at the time said to have a capacity 
 greater than any similar factory in America, but it was not long after this that 
 the Standard Oil Company, having absorbed all the oil refining companies in 
 Pittsburgh, took over the cooper shop, also, and the Oil Exchange, refining busi- 
 ness, barrel factory, etc., vanished from Pittsburgh as if blotted out of sight 
 in a single night — Cleveland becoming the home of these consolidated refining 
 interests, and pipe lines superseding bulk boats and river shipments. 
 
 A tremendous blow was given to Pittsburgh's industries when the Stand- 
 ard Oil Company revolutionized things; but like the depression after the big 
 fire in 1845, when pessimists thought the city would never be rebuilt, and a 
 greater city was the result, so the great city designed to be the workshop of the 
 world could not be checked by such a little thing as losing the oil industry, and 
 new and marvelous industries developed with such rapidity that the city soon 
 forgot it ever had a gigantic oil industry. 
 
 An indication of the extent of the oil trade in this city in 1867 ; on the 30th 
 of April, at 10 p. m. a large iron tank containing 17,500 gallons of petroleum 
 oil, at the Fairview oil works of Dr. Arnold Herz, on the Allegheny Valley 
 Railroad near the Sharpsburg bridge, was struck by lightning, ignited and the 
 burning continued until 3 p. m. the next day, destroying the tank, the agitating 
 
34 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 and pumphouse, and the dwelling house of Dr. Herz, and contents, causing a 
 loss of $55,000. 
 
 Various other tremendous oil fires were recorded, so extensive was the 
 field of operation. 
 
 The discovery of oil in the rocks and beneath the creeks in Venango County 
 and elsewhere in Pennsylvania soon caused a genuine craze, was set to music 
 and the words herewith were sung in hundreds of parlors, to the liveliest of 
 tunes : 
 
 OIL ON THE BRAIN. 
 
 The Yankees boast that they make clocks, which "just beat all creation. 
 
 They never made one could keep time with our great speculation. 
 
 Our stocks, like clocks, go with a spring, wind up and down again; 
 
 But all our strikes are sure to cause oil on the brain. 
 
 Chorus : 
 Stock's par, stock's up, then on the wane; 
 Everybody's troubled with oil on the brain. 
 
 There's various kinds of oil afloat, Cod Liver, Castor, Sweet, 
 Which tend to make a sick man well and set him on his feet. 
 But ours a curious feat performs : we just a well obtain, 
 And set the people crazy with oil on the brain. 
 
 There's neighbor Smith, a poor young man, who couldn't raise a dime; 
 Had clothes which boasted many rents, and took his "nip" on time. 
 But now he's clad in dandy style, sports diamonds, kids, and cane; 
 And his success was owing to oil on the brain. 
 
 Miss Simple drives her coach and four, and dresses in high style; 
 And Mr. Shoddy courts her strong, because her "Dad's struck ile." 
 Her jewels, laces, velvets, silks, of which she is so vain, 
 Were bought by "Dad" the time he had oil on the brain. 
 
 You meet a friend upon the street, he greets you with a smile; 
 And tells you in a hurried way, he's just gone into ile. 
 He buttonholes you half an hour — of course you can't complain — 
 For you can see the fellow has oil on the brain. 
 
 The Lawyers, Doctors, Hatters, Clerks, industrious and lazy, 
 Have put their money all in stocks, in fact have gone "oil crazy." 
 They'd better stick to briefs and pills, hot irons, ink and pen, 
 Or they will "kick the bucket" from oil on the brain. 
 
 RESTAURANT PRICES. 
 
 A SUGGESTION for Hoover. Lunch 30 cents; dinner 50 cents; gorge 
 75 cents. But some one might order the three from a "safety first" stand- 
 point, on account of the "diaphanous portions." 
 
w 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 35 
 
 PIONEER RAILROADING. 
 
 HO among the patrons of the old Pittsburgh & Connellsville Railroad, 
 along about 1866 to 1880, will not recall that remarkable character, 
 Thomas Drake, one of the passenger conductors and also one of the stock- 
 holders. "Tommy," for as such he was more familiarly known, had been 
 engaged at work on the construction of the line, which paralleled the old 
 Braddock's Field plank road to Braddock. Shortly prior to the period first 
 mentioned, the only thing accomplished was the laying of the rails — for quite 
 a stretch the ballast had not yet been filled in between the crossties. 
 
 The first train in the morning to the city from McKeesport was in charge 
 of Captain Drake. It came— sometimes an hour or two— maybe more — late, 
 only to find that the people working in the city had "hoofed it" — four miles 
 and more. One morning in particular, when Drake drew up his train at 
 Hazelwood almost a half-day late, someone asked him what was the cause of 
 the delay, and he said there was "a hole in the boiler of the engine." That 
 morning he had what he called his "coffee-pot engine" — a small locomotive 
 with but one driving wheel. 
 
 But as time progressed the road began to put on airs and some new regu- 
 lations were issued which, on account of his age, Captain Drake could not 
 interpret to the satisfaction of the passengers. 
 
 To enforce the order for more celerity in loading and unloading passen- 
 gers, he on one occasion courteously told some ladies to say good-by to friends 
 at home in order that the trains might not be unnecessarily delayed. But he 
 was too careful in the handling of women and children to give any offense 
 to anyone. He was one of the most popular conductors on the road and was 
 never known to be in a bad humor, even if some wag would hand him a bogus 
 shinplaster (fractional currency) for car fare, or restore the punched disc to 
 its moorings and have him punch their ticket the second time in the same 
 place. 
 
 The captain told a good one on himself, one of the best, he admitted, that 
 had ever been put over on him. He had been explaining some new orders 
 relating to standing on the platform, smoking, putting feet upon the seats, 
 etc., and it was suspected that Superintendent Geo. J. Luckey, of the city 
 schools, had prepared his oration, when a prominent river and coal merchant 
 remarked, "Say, Drake, you talk just like as if this was a railroad." 
 
 By the time that Drake got done laughing he realized that the train was 
 being delayed. While walking the platform awaiting orders from the dis- 
 patcher, the- Port Perry man put his head out of the window with, "Say, con- 
 ductor, why don't this train go on?" 
 
 The Port Perry man had a plentiful supply of fiery red hair, and quick 
 came the retort, "Take in your head, sir; how can the train go on with the 
 danger signal out?" 
 
 "Tommy" used to take the "owl train" out every night, and on Saturday 
 nights a number of his passengers in the "smoker" were usually quite hilar- 
 ious and sometimes pugnacious. Every Sunday morning "Tommy" would 
 put in a requisition for a new lantern globe and sometimes for a lantern. 
 "When the superintendent asked for particulars he would say, "Well, some of 
 the boys on the train got a little lively and the only way I could quiet them 
 was to hit 'em over the head with my lantern !" 
 
36 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 A DRAMATIC CONCLUSION. 
 
 DURING the incumbency as District Attorney of Allegheny County of 
 Thomas M. Bayne, he decided to make a tour of Europe, and his 
 appointment of chief deputy in his absence created a great stir among the 
 attorneys generally. The motive for his selection never came to light, but it 
 was supposed that the remarkable success in the prosecution of criminal 
 offenders in the United States courts, by H. Bucher Swoope, led to the choice 
 of Mr. Swoope. Especially did this idea receive strength by the fact that 
 Henry Bender was awaiting trial in the Quarter Sessions Court for murder, 
 and as the Commonwealth had to rely greatly upon circumstantial evidence, 
 it was believed by Colonel Bayne if anyone could secure a conviction it would 
 be Mr. Swoope. 
 
 The day of the Bender trial came on, and the Commonwealth proved that 
 Bender kept an eating saloon and beer hall on Smithfield street; that Police- 
 man John Stack, a fine-looking, big fellow, an Irishman, whose beat included 
 the saloon building, had been found on the sidewalk in front of the saloon 
 about 2 o'clock one morning, with a fractured skull. The injury had been 
 inflicted by a blunt instrument, in all probability the butt or handle end of a 
 knife for opening oysters. Bender was on duty in the saloon that night, and 
 was an expert in opening oysters. The contention was that the wound was 
 inflicted by Bender during an altercation. Stack was unconscious when found, 
 and died in a little while. Purely circumstantial, and what was worse, the 
 Commonwealth utterly fell down in the matter of a motive. There had appar- 
 ently been no ill feeling between the saloonkeeper and Policeman Stack, and 
 there was no evidence of an altercation, and no one saw the officer ejected or 
 assaulted. Some hints were thrown out that racial prejudice might have 
 inspired a feud. Mr. Swoope put in a wonderful chain of circumstantial evi- 
 dence, however, as he was an adept in Sherlock Holmes suggestions. 
 
 It was finally apparent that he would rely mainly on his address to the 
 jury in summing up for the Commonwealth, and for two hours he plead for 
 conviction. Mr. Swoope was quite delicate, suffering constantly from chronic 
 stomach and bowel ailment, which eminent physicians stated would have 
 ended fatally with anyone except one who had the iron nerves of a man like 
 Mr. Swoope, and on this occasion, just as he concluded his wonderful appeal 
 to the jury, he fell in a faint and had to be carried from the courtroom. 
 
 The room was crowded to its utmost capacity, and the address was lis- 
 tened to with rapt attention. 
 
 About the last words he said were : "Gentlemen of the jury — I never saw 
 this defendant until he appeared in court for trial. I may never see him again 
 until we meet at the judgment seat of God. Nor did I know John Stack, but 
 I do know that away yonder across the water in Ireland sits the aged father 
 and mother of this murdered man, anxious to know whether a jury of his 
 peers will avenge the death of Policeman John Stack." 
 
 Bender was acquitted, the jury having been cautioned to consider most 
 seriously the dangers surrounding circumstantial evidence. Attorneys who 
 did not like Swoope were greatly pleased with the verdict, and press and 
 public generally approved the finding of the jury. 
 
 Mr. Swoope's only remark was that he did his best, and could, therefore, 
 have no comment to make on the case. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 37 
 
 CARNCROSS, DIXEY & DOUGHERTY. 
 
 NOT long after the close of the Civil War, Carncross & Dixey's minstrels 
 were performing in Pittsburgh. James Blackmore was the Democratic 
 candidate for Mayor, and the feeling against the colored man was still strong. 
 Dougherty, in a "stump speech," said Pittsburgh was the first place in the 
 country to get right on this question — they were supporting a Black-moor for 
 Mayor. 
 
 Dixey, the other end man, worked over an old joke in this way: "Who 
 builds your canals?" asked Carncross. Answer — "The Irish." "Who builds 
 your railroads?" "Irish." "Who builds your penitentiaries?" "Irish." "Who 
 fills your penitentiaries " 
 
 Dixey, jumping to his feet, shouted at the top of his voice, "You're a 
 liar !" amid tumultuous applause. 
 
 BONE-DRY TRAINS 
 
 WG. MERRICK is one of the five passenger conductors of the P., C, C. 
 • & St. L. Railway who 10 years ago convinced the Ohio law-makers 
 that the men who "started things" on the trains" were generally those in the 
 smoker, with "pop bottles" filled with whisky. They had a bill passed prohib- 
 iting drinking in the "smoker," penalty $17 and costs, and no appeal. The 
 result is that quarrels in smoking cars are a thing of the past if the conductor 
 enforces the law. Merrick believes in "an ounce of prevention" and finding a 
 fellow in possession of the fluid, takes it from him, thrusts it through the win- 
 dow and pacifies the owner by telling him he has saved him $17 and costs. 
 Merrick's size also tends to pacify an ordinary fellow, and good order prevails 
 in the "smoker" if he is in charge of the train. 
 
 Merrick is the seventh oldest conductor on the line, and runs on through 
 trains from Pittsburgh to Columbus. He has been in the service of the com- 
 pany 38 years, is married, has eight sons and three daughters, and resides in 
 Columbus. Detective Wm. J. Burns made him acquainted with Colonel 
 Roosevelt some years ago and when told of the size of his family, the Colonel 
 grasped him with both hands and almost fractured his arm, with "Delighted." 
 
 Merrick had three sons in the service of Uncle Sam, one, aged 24 years, 
 in Camp Mills, L. I., 309th Engineers, 184th Division ; one, 19 years old, in the 
 Radio Division, Newport, R. I. ; one, aged 22 years, a Corporal in the Balloon 
 Division, Fort Monroe. 
 
 s 
 
 BEFORE THE FOUR MINUTE MEN. 
 
 AID a speaker, just introduced, in a drawling tone, "Now, what shall I talk 
 about?" 
 A small boy in the audience — "Talk about a minute." 
 
38 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 MARK TWAIN IN PITTSBURGH. 
 
 SAMUEL M. CLEMENS, better known as Mark Twain, America's greatest 
 humorist, was a relative of Mr. William T. Lindsey, for many years 
 Clerk of the United States District Court at Pittsburgh, and also of the well- 
 known Yohe family, railroad and corporation managers. 
 
 His first appearance in Pittsburgh about 50 years ago therefore attracted 
 more than ordinary interest, because of the many who had not been much 
 impressed with Mark's ability as a humorist — case of a "prophet not without 
 honor, save in his own country," — and who nevertheless drummed up friends 
 for a great audience. His books had aroused considerable interest, but it was 
 feared he might not amount to much as a lecturer. 
 
 His lecture was on "The American Vandal Abroad," and was delivered in 
 the old Academy of Music, which was filled to repletion. His Honor, Judge 
 John M. Kirkpatrick, introduced Twain. 
 
 Assigned to report the lecture, the author diligently followed Twain and 
 was grinding out a column and a half account of it, when about midnight 
 Twain entered the editorial rooms of the old Commercial. He was entertain- 
 ing with laughable incidents almost everybody but the writer, when he sud- 
 denly learned he was preparing a lengthy account of the lecture. He at once 
 protested to the Managing Editor, said it was hard to be funny for pay, got 
 $150 a night for his lecture, it was his stock in trade, and if published, he 
 might as well cancel all of his other engagements. Thereupon orders were 
 given to select the gem of the lecture for publication, and the account of the 
 lecture referred only to his marvelous description of the Sphynx. 
 
 Academy of Music. — In this hall last night one of the largest and probably 
 most fashionable audiences it ever held listened to an amusing and instructive 
 lecture from Mark Twain, whose reputation for humor is known here and abroad. 
 On the appearance of Mr. Twain he was received with that phlegm that char- 
 acterizes lecture audiences, but before he had spoken many minutes he succeded 
 in driving the apathy away, and then followed hearty expressions of appreciation, 
 such as our folk are capable of giving. His exquisite humor is equalled by his 
 delightful descriptive powers, and seldom have we listened to anything more 
 eloquently rendered than his description of the Sphynx. It was a gem. Here it is : 
 
 "The great face was so sad, so earnest, so longing, so patient. There was a 
 dignity not of earth in its mien, and in its countenance a benignity such as never 
 anything human wore. It was stone, but it seemed sentient ! If ever image of 
 stone thought, it was thinking. It was looking toward the verge of the landscape, 
 but looking at nothing — nothing but distance and vacancy. It was looking over 
 and beyond everything of the present, and far into the past. It was gazing over 
 the ocean of time — over lines of century-waves, which further and further 
 receded, closed nearer and nearer together, and blended at last into one unbroken 
 tide, away toward the horizon of a remote antiquity. 
 
 It was thinking of the wars of departed ages — of the empires it had seen 
 created and destroyed — of the nations whose birth it had witnessed, whose 
 progress it had watched, whose annihilation it had noted — of the joy and sorrow, 
 the life and death, the grandeur and decay, of five thousand slowly revolving 
 years. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 39 
 
 "It was the type of an attribute of man — of a faculty of his heart and brain. It 
 was Memory — Retrospection — wrought into visible, tangible form. All who know 
 the pathos there is in memories of days that are accomplished and facts that have 
 vanished — albeit only a trifling score of years gone by — will have some apprecia- 
 tion of the pathos that dwells in these grave eyes that look so steadfastly back 
 upon the things they knew before History was born — before Tradition had being 
 — things that were and forms that moved, in a vague era that even Poetry and 
 Romance scarce knew of — and passed one by one away, and left the stony 
 dreamer solitary in the midst of a strange, new age and uncomprehended scenes ! 
 
 "The Sphynx is grand in its loneliness ; it is imposing in its magnitude ; it is 
 impressive in the mystery which hangs over its story. There is that in the over- 
 shadowing majesty of this eternal figure of stone, with its accusing memory of 
 the deeds of all ages, that reveals to one something of what he shall feel when 
 he stands at last in the awful presence of God." 
 
 The audience was enraptured, and the impressive silence as the people 
 hung upon his matchless words was broken by Twain, who said : "And yet 
 the American Vandal stood within the shadow of that eternal figure of stone 
 and picked his teeth." 
 
 And I do not have to refer to my notes to recall the conclusion of his 
 memorable lecture. 
 
 "And in conclusion, ladies and gentlemen, if a man ask me to go with 
 him a mile I go with him, Twain," and he bowed himself off the stage. 
 
 Twain thus describes his enthusiastic patriotism in the '60s : When the 
 tocsin of war was sounded he was "so all-fired with patriotism that he hurried 
 to the nearest recruiting office and sacrificed all of his wife's relations." 
 
 Twain, sketching his mental photograph, said: "Nothing could induce 
 me to fill those blanks but the asseveration of these gentlemen that it will 
 benefit my race by enabling young people to see what I am, and giving them 
 an opportunity to become like somebody else. This candor overcomes my 
 scruples. I have but little character, but what I have I am willing to part with 
 for the public good. I would have been a better man if I had had a chance, 
 but things have always been against me. I never had any parents, hardly — 
 only just father and mother — and so I have had to struggle along the best 
 way I could. I do not boast of this character, further than I built it up by 
 myself, at odd hours, during the last 30 years, and without other educational 
 aid than I was able to pick up in the ordinary schools and colleges. I have 
 filled the blanks of the questionaire as follows." 
 
 WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE 
 
 Color?— Anything but dun. Names, Male and Female? — M'aimez 
 
 Flower? — The night-blooming Sirius. (Maimie) for a female, and Tacus and 
 
 Tree? — Any that bears forbidden fruit. Marius for males. 
 
 Object in Nature? — A dumb belle. Painters? — Sign Painters. 
 
 Hour in the day? — The leisure hour. Musicians? — Harper & Bro. 
 
 Season of the Year? — The lecture season. Piece of Sculpture? — The Greek Slave, 
 
 Perfume? — Cent per cent. with his hod. 
 
 Gem?— The Jack of Diamonds, when it is Poet?— Robert Browning, when he has a 
 
 trump. lucid interval. 
 
 Style of Beauty?— The Subscriber's. Poetess?— Timothy Titcomb. 
 
40 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Prose Author? — Noah Webster, LL.D. 
 
 Characters in Romance? — The Byron Fam- 
 ily. 
 
 In History? — Jack the Giant Killer. 
 
 Book to take for an hour? — Vanderbilt's 
 pocketbook. 
 
 What epoch would you choose to have 
 lived in? — Before the present Erie — it was 
 safer. 
 
 What book (not religious) would you part 
 with last? — The one I might happen to be 
 reading on a railroad during the disaster 
 season. 
 
 Where would you like to live? — In the 
 moon, because there is no water there. 
 
 Favorite amusement ? — Hunting the "tiger," 
 or some kindred game. 
 
 Favorite Occupation? — "Like dew on the 
 gowan — lying." 
 
 What trait of character do you most ad- 
 mire in man? — The noblest form of canni- 
 balism — love for his fellow man. 
 
 In Woman? — Love for her fellow man. 
 
 What trait do you most detest in each? — 
 That "trait" to which you put "or" to de- 
 scribe its possessor. 
 
 If not yourself, who would you rather be? 
 — The Wandering Jew, with a nice annuity. 
 
 What is your idea of Happiness ?— Find- 
 ing the buttons all on. 
 
 Your idea of Misery? — Breaking an egg 
 in your pocket. 
 
 What is your bete noir? — (Wthat is my 
 which?) 
 
 What is your Dream? — Nightmare as a 
 general thing. 
 
 What do you most dread? — Exposure. 
 
 What do you believe to be your Distin- 
 guishing Characteristic ? — Hunger. 
 
 What is the Sublimest Passion of which 
 human nature is capable? — Loving your 
 sweetheart's enemies. 
 
 What are the Sweetest Words in the 
 world?— "Not Guilty." 
 
 What are the Saddest? — "Dust unto dust." 
 
 What is your Aim in Life? — To endeavor 
 to be absent when my time comes. 
 
 What is your Motto? — Be virtuous and 
 you will be eccentric. 
 
 BRYCE, RICHARDS & CO. 
 
 THIS firm of glass manufacturers was composed of the "apprentice boys" 
 of the old Bakewell Company, led by James, Robert and John Bryce, 
 and was perhaps the first effort of "co-operative" working inaugurated in 
 Western Pennsylvania. Small salaries were paid and part of the same were 
 applied weekly on payment of stock. The scheme was not a bewildering suc- 
 cess, and the slow process of marketing the product on "flat boats" floating to 
 the South was not remunerative. But after the close of the war, by the 
 Bryces' Scotch energy, the firm started to make money, and ultimately led in 
 glass making as Bryce, Walker & Co., then Bryce Bros., until merged into 
 the U. S. Glass Company, the management of which has been largely in the 
 hands of the descendants of the brothers who founded the industry. 
 
 One of them said early in the '60s he could have bought the half of Char- 
 tiers township along the creek for $1,500, and the only reason he did not 
 acquire the property was the lack of the $1,500. 
 
 T 
 
 BY THE SPORTING EDITOR. 
 
 HE man who rides the night mare, it is said, has challenged the telegraph 
 to trot one hundred miles before a wagon. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 41 
 
 LEST WE FORGET. 
 
 ALONG about 1879 Robert J. Ingersoll was creating quite a furore in the 
 country by his lecture on "Some Objections to Christianity." A little 
 Presbyterian minister, Rev. David K. Nesbitt, of Lawrence County, Pa., who 
 was east on a vacation from Corvallis, Oregon, where he was engaged in mis- 
 sionary work, and who had accepted a call to the Hazelwood Presbyterian 
 Church, answered Ingersoll in an address on "Some Objections to Infidelity," 
 before the well-known Liberal League. A repetition of the lecture was 
 brought about at the suggestion of the ministers of the two cities who desired 
 to hear it. Library Hall was secured by several gentlemen, a number of whom 
 were connected with Mr. Nesbitt's congregation. No admission fee was 
 charged, and the house was filled to overflowing. Mr. Nesbitt spoke for about 
 two hours, and was frequently interrupted by applause. At the commence- 
 ment Mr. Nesbitt said that he hoped that his auditors would excuse any flaws 
 or faults in his lecture, as it was not prepared for delivery to such a cultivated 
 audience as was assembled, but for the members of the Liberal League (laugh- 
 ter). 
 
 A short time after beginning, some smart individual in the audience 
 endeavored to cover himself with glory by interrupting the speaker. Mr. Nes- 
 bitt bore the infliction for a moment or two, but stopping suddenly, said: 
 "Some people don't believe in miracles. I do. We have an illustration here 
 tonight in this audience, for we hear an ass speaking, even as Balaam's ass 
 did." This sally was greeted with three rounds of applause. About the 
 middle of the lecture, when Mr. Nesbitt was picturing to his hearers an imag- 
 inary court scene, in which the leading infidels of the past and present were 
 brought to the bar for trial, some speculative ass in the audience caused 
 another interruption, but Mr. Nesbitt called for order, as there "should always 
 be silence observed in court." "And," he added, "the angel of the Lord cannot 
 be disturbed by the braying of an ass." 
 
 Rev. Sylvester F. Scovel, of the First Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, 
 introduced the speaker, and the lecture abounded in unanswerable challenges 
 to Ingersoll, and was vociferously applauded. 
 
 This lecture and the efforts of Geo. R. Wendling, the noted Western law- 
 yer, soon after put Ingersoll out of the lecture course in Pittsburgh and 
 vicinity. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Nesbitt was called to Greenfield, Mass., and then to Peoria, 111., 
 and while in the Peoria work was stricken with heart trouble, dying soon 
 after. A beautiful bronze tablet was placed in the church, and at its unveiling 
 the ministers and people of all denominations in Peoria were present. 
 
 Mr. Nesbitt was married to Miss Alice Whitworth, of Armstrong 
 County, and had two daughters. He was greatly beloved by all who knew him. 
 
 PROMINENT GUESTS. 
 
 1 ATALOGING the guests at a banquet, a rural gentleman said : "There was 
 1 me, Dr. M. D., two students and several other gentlemen." 
 
42 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 A MEMORABLE BANQUET. 
 
 TWENTY-FIVE years ago there was a great reunion and banquet of the 
 telegraphers in the service of the United States during the Civil War, 
 and the veteran knights of the key then employed by the Western Union and 
 Postal Cable Companies. It was indeed a remarkable body at the banquet in 
 the Monongahela House, the guests including A. B. Chandler, Postal Tele- 
 graph, and the most prominent officials and operating managers of all tele- 
 graph lines, as well as some of the messenger boys, in Pittsburgh during the 
 Civil War. 
 
 Mr. James D. Reid, of Scotland, was the honor guest, and he made the 
 trip purposely to attend the banquet. Mr. Reid, responding to a toast, 
 referred to the Civil War period. He was in charge of the telegraph lines on 
 the P. R. R., and his messenger boys included Robert Pitcairn and David Mc- 
 Cargo; Andrew Carnegie was his "boss." 
 
 Edwin M. Stanton, Lincoln's War Secretary, sent for Mr. Reid and asked 
 him how soon he could "string a line to Cincinnati." Mr. Reid burned the 
 midnight oil in calculating necessary supplies of wire, poles, men, etc., and 
 promptly reported to Mr. Stanton. He had no sooner started to read the 
 figures than Mr. Stanton slapped him on the shoulder and said: "Reid, you 
 are always h — 1 on statistics. Build the line is the word." 
 
 And Mr. Reid in the briefest possible time constructed the first telegraph 
 line to Cincinnati. 
 
 Friends of the venerable gentleman presented him with a purse of gold, 
 containing $1,000, Mr. Robert Pitcairn making the presentation speech. 
 
 Among the local veterans of the key were Hon. Judge Wickham, of 
 Beaver County; Hon. Judge J. F. Slagle, of Allegheny County Common Pleas; 
 S. A. Duncan, George McLain, David McCargo, Robert Pitcairn, and also 
 "Chris" Magee, the popular Republican politician. 
 
 Magee, responding to a toast, explained how he came to be present. He 
 had occupied the position of messenger boy in a telegraph office for "one con- 
 secutive day," and the toastmaster insisted he was eligible, because ever since 
 that day he had been "pulling the wires." 
 
 M 
 
 FIRST REPUBLICAN CONVENTION. 
 
 R. WILLIAM B. SMALL, of 1263 Franklin street, Wilkinsburg, now 85 
 years old, recalls the meeting of the first Republican Convention, in Old 
 Lafayette Hall, Wood street, near Fourth avenue, Pittsburgh. Reese C. Fleeson 
 and J. Heron Foster, of the Dispatch, the Hon. Gideon Wells, Thomas M. 
 Marshall, Esq., Sam'l Black, afterwards the brave Col. Sam Black, Col. Ewing 
 and others, were on the stage. It was disclosed that among other literature 
 circulated was a publication entitled "The Helpers' Book." Its chief aim was 
 to enlist support of the movement to send old John Brown to Harpers Ferry 
 in the cause of the insurrection. 
 
 Mr. Marshall, Sam Black and Col. Ewing were indignant and hastily re- 
 tired from the stage. Mr. Small thinks others also withdrew, but he cannot 
 recall the names. He had a copy of the book but it was lost by fire. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 43 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL COURT HOUSE. 
 
 THIRTY years ago September 11, 1918, the present Court House, Fifth 
 avenue and Grant street, was dedicated and the centennial of the county- 
 celebrated in connection therewith. The program covered three days and it 
 was agreed that never before in its history were greater crowds of visitors 
 attracted to the city. 
 
 Among those on the stand in front of the new building was Mr. John C. 
 Smith, the veteran officer of the Criminal Court, then in his eightieth year, 
 who had been in the harness for about 40 years. He was with the court in the old 
 building on Market street; at the first session of the court in the Second 
 Court House, on Grant street, destroyed by fire; and at the opening session in 
 the new building. 
 
 A morning paper, in a sketch of Mr. Smith, said: 
 
 "Some time ago a man made application to Hon. Judge Ewing for an 
 appointment in the Criminal Court. The Judge told him there wasn't any 
 vacancy, when the urgent fellow hinted that Mr. Smith might soon be out 
 of commission on account of age. 
 
 "Judge Ewing answered : There will be no vacancy as long as this faith- 
 ful officer lives; he is allowed to come and go as he pleases, but takes no 
 advantage of this privilege and is always at his post. 
 
 "The old gentleman travels with his sons daily from Ingram station, takes 
 his meals regularly, and is in good health and wonderfully active for one near- 
 ing the four-score mark." 
 
 A short time before his death a citizen whom he refused to admit to the 
 court room, on account of the crowded condition of the room, struck him. He 
 grabbed the man, held him until assistance arrived and took him before the 
 court. The offender was sent to jail; but before court adjourned Mr. Smith 
 went to the Judge and asked him to release his assailant. His request was 
 granted. 
 
 MORE POETRY THAN TRUTH. 
 
 THERE was more poetry than truth and little of either in a description of 
 Pittsburgh printed in the New York Sun in 1872, whose humor in regard 
 to the city's smoke was of course a libel. The correspondent dated his letter 
 Pittsburgh, Spring 1872, and here was his history of the city : 
 
 Pittsburgh is hemmed in by hills. These hills are full of bituminous coal. 
 Bituminous coal is sold by the bushel, instead of by the ton. Pittsburgh was 
 hemmed in before sewing machines were invented. It is on a triangular plain, 
 on a point formed by the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, 
 and these two rivers form the Ohio. Fort Duquesne, celebrated in the old French 
 and colonial wars, stood here. It is decayed to pieces now. The Orleans, the 
 first steamboat that ever plied, sailed, glided, cleaved or cloved the western waters, 
 was built here in 181 1. Pittsburgh was a village at the close of the Revolution, 
 and some of the people look as if they had worn their clothes ever since the 
 Revolution. On the 18th of January, 1785, the first catfish was discovered in the 
 
44 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Ohio, and the inhabitants to this day think them a species of the whale. The 
 only ship I have seen here that resembles New York shipping, is a lugger. It was 
 a woman lugging a pile of kindling wood home. 
 
 In 1796 Pittsburgh had 1,395 inhabitants. One of 'em died. Then it had 
 only 1,394 inhabitants. He died Sunday. They arrested a man once for dying 
 on Sunday. By natural increase and several families moving in here, Pittsburgh 
 has now more people than it had in 1796. It has a dingy appearance and its 
 citizens are likewise. After 19 a. m. the people are awful dingy. A stranger 
 would think from the looks of those people that he was in an African village. 
 One can't wear a white shirt half the morning before it is half mourning, and 
 before noon it will be so smoked that a piece of it answers in place of smoked 
 glass to look at eclipses with. The smoke settles so thick on the shirt bosom that 
 the citizens keep an accurate account of their milk bills on 'em, using a wooden 
 tooth pick for a pen. Hence the term Pennsylvania. 
 
 Monongahela whisky is grown here. Large numbers of the inhabitants are 
 said to be abstemious— that is when folks is looking at 'em. 
 
 Pittsburgh has schools. I hear that a boy was actually held spellbound in 
 one of 'em the other day. He couldn't spell spool. The master kicked him down- 
 stairs and then told the boy's father that he was initiating his son into the mys- 
 teries of the solar system. He i did it with the sole of his boot. There is some 
 complaint about this school. Last week a pious lad ran a brad awl into another 
 lad about a yard, and when called to account about it laughed and called it awl- 
 spice. That boy will never be a schoolmarm. New York City has 2,072 lager 
 beer shops and 3,136 groceries, by which you will see there are too many groceries. 
 Pittsburgh is full of 'em — both kinds. 
 
 THE OLD EXPOSITION 
 
 ELSEWHERE reference is made to the Old Exposition, but additional facts 
 of interest were reserved for this chapter. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Miller was president and Mr. Jas. J. Donnell, treasurer. Mr. 
 E. P. Young in 1876 or 1877 was the cashier, and one year later became general 
 manager. 
 
 Mr. Joshua C. Patterson was secretary and an able assistant of Mr. Young. 
 One year there was an exhibit by the Pearce Smokeless Furnace Company, 
 who were allowed to put their appliance under the boilers operating the ma- 
 chinery. It worked too well, in one way, as the intense heat melted the fire 
 brick lining and the boilers were thrown out of commission. 
 
 The manager was in a quandary until he conferred with Mr. James Mc- 
 Kean, of Duff, McKean & Co., who had an exhibit of agricultural machinery 
 in the building. His Traction Engine was "annexed" and operated the shafting, 
 so that the public did not know of the plight of the management. 
 
 Mr. McKean was a staunch friend of Mr. Young, and will be remembered 
 as the president of the Union Trust Co. Messrs Miller, Donnell, McKean and 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 45 
 
 Patterson have gone to the great beyond and Mr. Young is the soie survivor 
 of the management. 
 
 One other prominent man beside Harry Davis had his start in business 
 at the Old Exposition, and from a talk with Mr. Young as we sat by the fire, 
 these additional incidents were gleaned: 
 
 Capt. W. B. Rodgers was chief engineer in the Machinery Hall. Capt. Rod- 
 gers had such good ideas of millwright work, that when we changed the Machin- 
 ery Hall from the upper end of the building and placed it at the Grant Avenue 
 entrance, we gave him steady employment all the year to superintend this work, 
 and it was no mistake to have him do it, for like everything else he undertakes, 
 he did it well. The Captain was ambitious and I gave him some advice and 
 assistance in building a steamboat, later I named her the Tide, and afterwards 
 he bought the Time, and you know "Time and Tide wait for no man." Capt. 
 Rodgers' success was assured from the start; he couldn't help being one of the 
 foremost men in the river business, and I can truly say he "has the sand." 
 
 When I first engaged Paine (who had the fine displays of fire works at 
 Coney Island) to come to our Exposition, the Board of Managers hesitated at 
 the cost — but when I told them I would pay it myself if they would give me 
 the grand stand receipts, they relented and said, "Bring him along." I would 
 have cleared big money from the grand stand, and ever after I had no opposition 
 in bringing big and costly exhibits to the show. I had the half mile race track 
 lighted with electric lights and gave the first horse races by electric light ever 
 held in America, or perhaps in the world. 
 
 Great events took place during my management of the Exposition. We 
 introduced the telephone in Pittsburgh. The first operating line was between 
 the Expositioon and the Leader office. Mr. David was the manager. It was under 
 the Edison patent, worked fairly well, but was soon superseded by one put in 
 by the Bell people. Both systems being grounded on the gas pipes under the 
 building led to much confusion of messages. Chas. B. McVay, operating the 
 Bell phone, soon found out the trouble and changed his ground to the water 
 pipes. 
 
 Through Mr. Jos. P. Speer, one of our Board, I succeeded in hiring the 
 first arc light introduced in Pittsburgh. It belonged to Harry Williams of the 
 Academy. He intended putting it up in front of his show place, but by paying 
 $300 for its use during the Exposition season we got possession and it was 
 placed overhead in our galleries. It was the wonder and admiration of the 
 crowds who came to see it. The little dynamo that generated the current was 
 in Machinery Hall, and no insulated wire being obtainable, I went to my friend 
 Dravo, at Hussey's copper warehouse, and secured enough bare wire to make a 
 circuit of the building. It was placed overhead under the joist out of reach 
 and worked very well, although it might have led to an accident, fire or some 
 one's severe shock. We didn't know the danger then. 
 
 The greatest day in the history of the Old Exposition was late in Septem- 
 ber, 1883. Great crowds thronged the buildings all day and evening and some- 
 time after all had left, the whole structure went up in fire and smoke, making 
 the grandest display of fire works ever seen on Smoky Island. 
 
46 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 AN HISTORIC CORNER. 
 
 IN 1915 the sale of a lot corner of Stanley and McKee streets, Ingram, was 
 the occasion of an article in the Pittsburgh Dispatch, by H. M. Phelps, on 
 the "Cradle of the Churches in the Chartiers Valley." 
 
 The lot had been deeded by Sam'l McKee, a well known lumber merchant 
 and contractor of Pittsburgh, to the Chartiers Christian Union, in 1885, in trust, 
 to be used forever for religious purposes, regardless of denominational lines. 
 Mr. Phelps tells of the history of the organization for 30 years, and part of it 
 is appended. 
 
 "The sale obliterates the site of one of the most cherished and interesting 
 institutions of the Chartiers Valley. From the unassuming frame abode of 
 prayer that was reared there more than 25 years ago have sprung no less than 
 five full-fledged churches. From that lot have gone forth influences that have 
 molded character and thought in the valley, and from it have issued countless 
 good works. After a while Percy F. Smith, well known printer and writer, 
 moved out to Ingram, and through his initiative work a number of families 
 were brought together to hold services. 
 
 "At that time there were no churches in the vicinity. Thomas J. Ohl, one 
 of the prominent residents, offered the use of his house for service, and it was 
 expected that the first Sunday about a dozen persons would attend, but instead 
 of this no less than 63 worshipers put in an appearance. Then Mr. Smith 
 and others got busy and put up a building on the lot donated by Mr. McKee. 
 
 "The Chartiers Valley Christian Union was formed and a charter procured. 
 Then a board of directors was elected. Of the charter members it is believed 
 that only the following are now living: Mr. Smith, his brother, E. D. Smith, 
 W. J. Fairley, E. E. Phillips and D. J. Rex, the last named well known as a 
 manufacturer of boxes in this city. E. D. Smith and W. J. Fairley have since 
 died. 
 
 "By means of subscription a church or meeting house costing $1,500 was 
 erected, but it soon had to be enlarged at a cost of about $600. Everybody 
 seemed to take an interest in this move to provide the valley with its first home 
 of religion; one man gave an organ, another carpets, another furniture and so 
 on down the list. When the building was dedicated it was entirely free of debt 
 or any encumbrance. A union Sabbath school and a kindergarten were founded, 
 and the flock grew and prospered. But it was not the intention of the giver of 
 the lot or of the men establishing the church organization to found a permanent 
 church. The little frame building was intended to serve merely as a cradle or 
 nucleus for the upbuilding of congregations. The fact that any denomination 
 could worship in the building made it practically impossible for any one de- 
 nomination to occupy it permanently or for any great length of time. So it 
 has come about that the members of the church have gone forth and founded 
 churches of their own. 
 
 "First the United Presbyterians withdrew and built the handsome church 
 on Prospect avenue ; then the Presbyterians did likewise, and also built a church 
 on the same street. After these two denominations had held services in the old 
 church the Lutherans were given possession, and following them the Methodist 
 Episcopals. The Baptists were the last to hold services there; this was until 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 47 
 
 about a year ago when the church was sold to a business man and removed. 
 It is said that it is now doing duty as a paint shop. The Lutherans and the 
 Methodist Episcopals withdrew and joined the churches of that denomination 
 in Crafton, while the Baptists have their own church in the same borough. 
 Other members went out from the old church and helped to establish congre- 
 gations at Sheraden, now part of Pittsburgh. 
 
 "When the building was no longer needed for the purposes for which the 
 trust was formed, it was sold and the lot reverted to the widow of Mr. McKee. 
 
 "Mr. Frank G. Ellis, now treasurer of the Presbyterian Sabbath School, 
 was the secretary of the Union Sabbath School, and has been continuously in 
 the service." 
 
 Mr. Phelps concludes his article as follows : "The Presbyterian congrega- 
 tion possesses one of the handsomest edifices in the country. Percy F. Smith 
 was for years president of the board of trustees of the Chartiers Union. Among 
 the charter members of the old church who have passed away may be mentioned 
 George Duncan, who was cashier of the Iron City National Bank; Alfred 
 Parsons, of the Dollar Savings Bank; Amos Petrie, Miss Sarah Frew and 
 Robert Frew, and others who formed the neighborhood of Ingram more than 
 30 years ago." 
 
 CHECKING CRIME. 
 
 IN a Philadelphia paper 50 years ago was this item: "A minister in Western 
 Pennsylvania, being unable to collect his salary, took the stove from the 
 church and carried it home; whereupon the congregation had him arrested for 
 larceny. The minister said he was sorry, but the church only promised him six 
 hundred dollars salary, and in two years all it had paid him on account was a 
 dozen clothes-pins, a bottle of hair-dye, a quart of lima beans, and six pounds of 
 cheese in such a lively condition that it crawled up out of the cellar and went 
 home again before the family had a chance to eat it! All he wanted with the 
 stove was to break it up in bits and feed it to his children to stay their stomachs. 
 The judge, who was a member of the church and hadn't paid his pew-rent for 
 eight months, said this rapid growth of crime in the community must be checked 
 by stern measures. It was the duty of ministers to preach the gospel, not to 
 be so grasping for this world's goods; to hunger and thirst after righteousness, 
 and not to indulge a sordid appetite for the food that perisheth. So he sentenced 
 the minister to jail for two months, and said he hoped it would be a warning to 
 him. After which the judge asked the prosecuting attorney home to eat a game 
 dinner with him and to meet some ladies who were making up a box of clothing 
 and provisions to send to the heathen, so as to waft the gospel tidings to the poor 
 on Bariboogari Island. 
 
 GET RID OF PESTS. 
 
 A PLUMBER in Hartford 50 years ago accidently discovered that the 
 smoke from a little charcoal fire under a tree will suffocate hundreds of 
 worms upon it. A little sulphur placed on hot embers answers the same pur- 
 pose. Get rid of the pests. 
 
48 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 LETTER OF JAMES BUCHANAN. 
 
 r HILE the guest of a well-known newspaper man of New York, at his 
 
 w 
 
 home in Bayonne, N. J., the following letter was exhibited among his 
 collection of old manuscripts : 
 
 "Washington, June 13, i860. 
 "Robert Tyler. 
 
 "Dear Friend : — I have hardly time now to say my prayers. Should they 
 succeed at Baltimore in rejecting the regular delegates from the seceding 
 States, and admitting those who are bogus, then Douglass will or may be 
 nominated. In that event the unity and strength of the Democratic party is 
 annihilated and Lincoln elected. This is not the worst. The Democratic 
 party will be divided — sectionalized — and that, too, on the slavery issue. 
 
 "Everything looks bad, not only for the party, but for the country. 
 
 "JAMES BUCHANAN." 
 
 LIBERTY OR COME HOME AGAIN. 
 
 THE soldiers were going away to the front amidst the wildest enthusiasm. 
 Hans Breitman enlisted and asked his best girl to make him a sash to 
 wear around his shoulders, on which in big letters should be .the words, "Lib- 
 erty or Death." When, after an engagement in which there was a terrible 
 slaughter, Hans weakened he asked his girl if she could not change the 
 lettering. She inquired in what way, and he answered, "Liberty or Come Home 
 Again." 
 
 WOMAN SUFFRAGE 40 YEARS AGO. 
 
 FORTY years ago October 19, 1918, a telegram from Baltimore recites how an 
 unnamed Circuit Court judge of Maryland had refused Mrs. Belva Lock- 
 wood, a practicing lawyer of the Supreme Court, the right to appear in his court, 
 saying: "God has set bounds to woman. Like the sun and moon they move in 
 their orbits. Great seas have their bounds and the eternal hills and rocks cannot 
 be moved." A voice shouted: "How about Hell Gate?" and the judge waxed 
 wroth. 
 
 THOUGHT IT A HOOVERIZED LUNCH. 
 
 COL. HOPKINS, the rich city banker and manufacturer had as a guest Si 
 Corntossel, his farmer friend when they were boys in Washington county, 
 and at one dinner in honor of the guest the finest champagne and rarest olives were 
 served. Asked later in the evening how he had enjoyed the bill of fare, the old 
 farmer said : "Yer cider am good, but dang yer persimmons." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 49 
 
 GRANT AND COLFAX. 
 
 D CORNELIUS was a contributor to the newspapers 40 years ago and 
 • during the Grant and Colfax campaign issued the following campaign 
 song, to the tune, "Bowld Soger Boy" : 
 
 Come listen, merry lads, while I tell yez all, bedad, 
 
 How I come to join the rads 
 
 And vote for bowld Gineral Grant; 
 
 And be afther doin' the same 
 
 And yourself, ye'll never blame, 
 
 For they're bound to win the game 
 
 Who vote for bowld Gineral Grant. 
 
 Now don't be afther sthayin' 
 
 In the party where they're sayin' 
 
 That the tax they would be layin' 
 
 On the rich, and poor fornint, 
 
 But vote for Grant and Colfax too. 
 
 For Grant and Colfax "Hip Hurrah!" 
 
 For they're bound to win the game 
 
 Who vote for bowld Gineral Grant. 
 
 Now would'nt it look funny 
 
 To see ourselves, my honey, 
 
 Yearly handin' out the money 
 
 To be payin' uv the tax, 
 
 Levied on the horse and cart 
 
 That we need to haul the dhirt, 
 
 And on the wheelbarrow 
 
 Shovel, sphade, and pickaxe. 
 
 Arrah, let us show them now 
 
 That no more we will allow 
 
 Them to lead us jist as tho 
 
 Take care of ourselves we can't. 
 
 But vote for Grant and Colfax too, 
 
 For Grant and Colfax "Hip Hurrah!" 
 
 For they're bound to win the game 
 
 Who vote for bowld Gineral Grant. 
 
 EXPLAINING A QUESTIONNAIRE 
 
 A PROMINENT citizen of Pittsburgh had in his employ for many years 
 an Irish maid named Nora. She was intensely loyal to the family and 
 alert always to guard their comfort. One morning the Ward Register called 
 at the house and said he wished to see the "boss." Nora conducted the inter- 
 view, gave his correct name, but for his occupation had to call to the gentleman. 
 Tell him "I'm retired." In a moment or so she called again, and said : "I did 
 tell him you were in bed, but he said he wanted to see you anyhow. 
 
50 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE COLD, COLD CARS. 
 
 P. O'Shaughnessy, Esq., Sees Greenwood and Magee. 
 
 TO properly enjoy the appended article, the reader will have to understand 
 that Mr. Chris L. Magee, the well known politician, was one of the largest 
 owners and president of the Consolidated Traction Co., and Mr. Greenwood was 
 its general manager. There had been a fire at one of the barns, many cars had 
 been destroyed and every available car was being used, no matter how aged and 
 gray, and however lacking in window glass and other accommodations for chilly 
 weather. 
 
 O'Shaughnessy addressed his complaint to the Pittsburgh Leader : 
 
 Phwat kind av a cowld dale is Chrisht Magee givin' us anyhow? Be me 
 owld poipe Oi do tink Chrisht is anxshus to become th' king av a sittlemint av 
 pueumonyacs. Shtrate cars widout shtoves in thim and the themomyter bucklin 
 down to th' zaro pint. Oi got on wan av Chrisht's cars yisterday. Oi wor cowld, 
 but be th' gods, th' car wor cowlder. Oi sez to the conductor, sez Oi : "Phy in th' 
 name av Tim O'Leary, haven't yez got a foire in this wagon' ?" "It ain't my fault," 
 sez he. "An' whose fault is it?" sez Oi. "The company's" sez he. "Th' com- 
 pany b' jiggered," sez Oi. "That's phwat Oi sez," sez he. "How do yez kape 
 warrum?" sez Oi. "We don't," sez he. "Phy don't yez kick?" sez Oi. "Might 
 lose our jobs," sez he. "That's tough," sez Oi. "Indade it is," sez he. "Phy 
 don't they put in shtoves ?" sez Oi. "The shtoves wor burnt up," sez he. "Phy 
 don't they git new wans?" sez Oi. "Ask Greenwood," sez he. "But 
 thot won't burn," sez Oi. "Phwat won't burn?" sez he. "Phy green 
 wood," sez Oi," V wid that the conductor became th' only warrum ting 
 on the car. "Yez tink yez are smart," sez he. "No, Oi'm cowld," sez Oi. 
 "Yez ought to freeze," sez he. "Oi will if Oi ride far on yer car," sez Oi. 
 " 'F yez don't like it git off 'n' walk," sez he. "Oi won't," sez Oi. "Well, don't 
 git hot," sez he. "Oi can't," sez Oi ; "How's a felly to git hot in this ice box ?" 
 sez Oi to him, sez Oi. "Kick to th' boss," sez he. "Oi will," sez Oi. 
 
 Oi wint to Greenwood's offus, Oi did. Wud yez b'lave it, Oi fund that the 
 cars wuz not th' on'y cowld t'ing connicted wit th' Consolydated Company fer th' 
 Advancemint av Dochtors an' Undertakers. Th' cars wor cowld", they wor, but 
 they wor loike oovens compared wit th' boss. Oi sez to him, sez Oi : "Phy don't 
 yez heat yer owld cars ?" sez Oi. "No shtoves," sez he. "Phy don't yez git sum ?" 
 sez Oi. "None av yer bizness," sez he. "But th' public is kickin' " sez Oi. "Th' 
 public be damd," sez he. "But th' damd are not supposhed t' freeze," sez Oi. 
 "Thin let thim go there," sez he. "Go where?" sez Oi. "Where they won't 
 freeze," sez he. "Oi giss yez is thryin' t' hashten ther departur," sez Oi. "Yez 
 are thryin' fer t' sind thim b' th' cowld storage route," sez Oi t' him, sez Oi. 
 "We can't help it," sez he. "We're experimentin' wit heatin' apparatuses," sez 
 he. "Yis, an' yer patrons do be freezin'," sez Oi. "Let thim freeze," sez he. 
 
 Nixt Oi called on Chrisht, an' Oi sez, sez Oi: "Chrisht, phy don't yez hate 
 yer cars ?" sez Oi. "We do," sez he. "Yez do in summer," sez Oi. "Oh, that's 
 all right," sez he. "But yez'U soon be wantin' votes," sez Oi t' him, sez Oi. "Thin 
 we'll put in shtoves," sez he t' me, sez he. "But th' voters will all be laid up wit 
 pneumony be thot toime," sez Oi," "that is phwat's lift av thim," sez Oi t' him, 
 sez Oi. "Well Oi'm goin' t' Floridy, where its warrum," sez he t' me, sez he. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 51 
 
 ■"n' yez'll hev t' foight it out wit Greenwood," sez he. "Oi giss th' traction com- 
 pany owns th' town," sez Oi t' him, sez Oi. "Yis it do," sez he t' me, sez he. 
 "An' phwat do yez be goin' t' Floridy fer?" sez Oi t' him. "T give Flinn a 
 chance to elect a ma-yor," sez he. "But phwat about th' cowld cars?" sez Oi, 
 gittin' back t' th' rale subjeck. "Oh, there not so warrum," sez he. "Oi t'ink not," 
 sez Oi. "Oi t'ink not," sez he. Thin Oi wint out an' b' th' powers, Oi do be 
 wonderin' at th' cheek av th' fellys who gobble the city shtrates fer nothin and 
 play the game of freeze-out wit us. Oi wish Oi wur a dochter or undertaker. — 
 P. O'Shaughnessy, Esq. 
 
 STRAP HANGERS 50 YEARS AGO. 
 
 OVERCROWDED street cars are not a modern nuisance, for I find among 
 my archives the following rules proposed for the conductors of street cars 
 nearly 50 years ago: 
 
 Gather, pack and cram, 
 Squeeze, push and ram ! 
 Never too full a car was yet; 
 Let the passengers simmer and sweat, 
 Let the ladies complain and fret ; 
 'Tis only a pleasant jam ! 
 
 Stuff, stuff, stuff! 
 Of riders there's never enough. 
 If you have only fifty-four, 
 Another crush and there's room for more. 
 Let them hang to the straps and around the door. 
 People are pretty tough! 
 
 Push, shove and stew, 
 Squeeze them to jelly or dough! 
 Then rush in and gather the fare, 
 Never mind if dresses do tear, 
 Stop you ears if some grumblers swear, 
 It's wicked, in them you know. 
 
 Ever be ready to pack! 
 The car is only a sack; 
 Full to the mouth it must be with folks; 
 Treat their complainings as capital jokes, 
 Man is a being who always croaks, 
 Laugh behind his back. 
 
 Always take them in, 
 If there's only room for a pin! 
 If they grumble after it's done, 
 Say the cars for us, not for them, are run, 
 Perhaps they may not see the fun ; 
 But always take them in. 
 
52 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 SAFE AND SANE FOURTH. 
 
 IN 1906, Ingram patriotically observed the Fourth of July by a town demonstra- 
 tion, and, in passing, it may be stated that the people of the place in the 
 first full days of the Fourth Liberty Loan campaign in 1918 went over the top 
 in its liberal quota of $100,000. Ingram also has the record of doing more than 
 its share in all of the government's calls during the world's war. 
 
 The ceremonies on the Fourth of July, twelve years ago, began at 10 a. m. 
 and continued afternoon and evening, and on account of rain, concluded on 
 the Saturday afternoon and evening following with races, fire works, etc. 
 
 At the afternoon meeting all the old veterans of the Civil War were upon 
 the platform, and after patriotic songs by the school children, Percy F. Smith 
 delivered the address, which follows : 
 
 In 1776, our forefathers made great sacrifices to obtain for us the price- 
 less boon of Liberty ; and in 1861 and 1865, our fathers, brothers and sons, fought 
 side by side and shoulder to shoulder, and alas, many of them laid down their 
 precious lives to maintain and perpetuate that Freedom which we so auspiciously 
 celebrate here today. 
 
 You all know of the "Minute Men" who fought at Concord and Lexington ; 
 of the "shots that were heard round the world," though they were from old 
 flint lock muskets, so heavy that some of you could hardly carry them. 
 
 Yes, they were Minute Men; they had no training as soldiers. They were 
 coatless, hatless, barefooted — but their lives, their fortunes, their all was at stake. 
 They faced the red coats, with leggins, tinsel and the sharpest of death dealing 
 rifles; but they felt that might was not right, and trusting Providence and 
 "keeping their powder dry," they marched into what seemed the very jaws of 
 death. 
 
 They did not know the word RETREAT. There was no rear, it was front 
 everywhere, facing the enemy. 
 
 Like at Chickamauga, they "followed the flag." 
 
 In they plunged boldly, 
 
 No matter how hotly 
 
 The red contest ran. 
 
 And listen to their rally cry to the awful battle; 
 
 Fear ye foes who kill for hire; 
 
 Will ye to your homes retire ? 
 
 Look behind you — they're a fire. 
 
 And before you, see who have done it. 
 
 From the vale on they came, 
 
 And will ye quail? 
 
 Leaden rain and iron hail 
 
 Let their welcome be. 
 
 The Declaration of Independence you have heard read is the document 
 that was purchased for you by this awful carnage in which there was a real 
 rain of lead, and hail of iron. This Declaration of Independence guarantees 
 "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness," to the high and low, the rich and 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. S3 
 
 poor, the great and small, without reference to creed, color or condition. 
 
 The signing of that document gave us the Fourth of July — the Nation's 
 birthday; and it also gave us this beautiful Star Spangled Banner, which we all 
 so dearly love. 
 
 And for one hundred and thirty (130) years, the Fourth of July and the 
 Star Spangled Banner have been hallowed in America; and you and I trust 
 they will be hallowed for five hundred (500) years to come. 
 
 And Betsy Ross, who made the Banner, and those who designed it, wrought 
 the most beautiful and charming emblem the nations of this world have ever 
 seen. 
 
 All honor to the men, say I, who have taken it upon themselves to popularize 
 "America" and the "Star Spangled Banner," and to perpetuate them in the affec- 
 tions of our school children. I would like to see every pulpit in our churches 
 adorned with the Stars and Stripes as well as crowned with the Book of God. 
 
 Whenever anyone mentions the dear old flag, it touches a tender chord in my 
 heart. How all our hearts thrill as it waves at top mast in the marches of the 
 Grand Army veterans, and when the tattered and torn battle flags catch our 
 sight, we are fairly on fire with enthusiasm. 
 
 In the great city of New York, some years ago, a very warm friend of 
 mine was chairman of the Board of Education, and the first day he presided 
 an application was presented for the privilege of erecting a flag staff on a school 
 house. Several of the committee said it was against the policy of the Board 
 for the reason that it caused leaky roofs. 
 
 He expressed sorrow that it was against the policy of any school board 
 to have the American flag floating from the top of any public building and added 
 that he would like to see the starry emblem floating from the top of every school 
 house in the land. He suggested that the policy be changed and he said to the 
 school directors: "If we grant you permission to erect the flag staff, you will 
 promise us that you will place a platform from the scuttle to the staff, so that 
 the roof will not be injured." They said yes, and the permission was granted. 
 
 In the 10th ward of the City of New York, where 85 per cent of all the 
 children attending a certain school speak a foreign tongue, it was decided to 
 build a new school house, and it was the first school house on Manhattan Island 
 the specifications for which called for a flag staff, and that is the school house 
 at the corner of Hester and Chrystie streets. 
 
 There never has been a school house erected in New York since, that has 
 not had specifications calling for a flag staff from which the American flag 
 could float, and I might add that a similar rule prevails now in all the states. 
 
 It seems to me such a picture is an object lesson well worth far more than 
 the cost of the flag staff and flag, to see the American flag, the symbol of liberty, 
 floating over every school house. 
 
 And my friend in his enthusiasm added : "I would like to see the American 
 flag raised upon every school house throughout this broad land, upon the assem- 
 bling of every school, as it is on the National Capitol upon the assembling of 
 Congress." And this has likewise come to pass. 
 
54 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 All honor to the American patriots for their praiseworthy efforts to keep 
 before the youth of our land the Fourth of July, this dear old emblem and 
 the patriotic lessons it teaches, and I am sure I hazard nothing in asserting that 
 you will be the better citizens and more thoroughly love country, flag and home, 
 by reason of this occasion. 
 
 FLAGS OF PENNSYLVANIA SOLDIERS. 
 
 FLAGS which led Pennsylvania soldiers in the war for the suppression of the 
 rebellion and the Spanish-American War were not long since moved from 
 the State museum to the rotunda of the new State house, after being carried in 
 procession at Harrisburg. Many of the men who bore the 351 standards and 
 guidons were the color bearers of the regiments in the wars, and their escorts 
 were veterans of 1861-65 and of 1898-99 and militiamen. The exercises were 
 interspersed with singing by 150 school children. 
 
 At the close of the exercises the roll of the regiments was called and the 
 colors were borne into the Capitol. The flags transferred included 322 of the 
 Civil War, 22 of the Spanish-American War, including the flag of the Tenth 
 Infantry's Philippine campaign ; six unknown and three of special character, in- 
 cluding one from the War of 1812. 
 
 JOHN BARLEYCORN. 
 
 NOW that John Barleycorn is passing, it is well to note some of the influences 
 at work for the past 40 years which have contributed to his final throttling. 
 
 Railroad managers have quit trusting the lives of their passengers with 
 even moderate drinkers, for as great a man as General Fred Grant, son of the 
 illustrious hero of Appomattox, is on record as saying "There are no moderate 
 drinkers." The man who so claims will sooner or later be in the gutter. 
 
 Out of 650,000 traveling salesmen in the United States, not over 10 per 
 cent are addicted to liquor. Think of the 600,000 "commercial evangelists," as 
 President McKinley, at Canton, Ohio, when I introduced to him 300 Western 
 Pennsylvania salesmen, christened them, being teetotalers. It is not to be won- 
 dered that these fine fellows organized the Gideonites and have placed 397,000 
 Bibles in the hotel rooms in the United States and Canada. "And still there's 
 more to follow." 
 
 On one great railroad system alone 785,000 observations were made along 
 the line of compliance with the rules relating to sobriety, and but 158, or one 
 in 800, failed to measure up to the company requirements. What a grand divi- 
 sion of fighters against the kaiser and his agents — the saloonists. 
 
 Mr. Wallace Rowe of the Pittsburgh Steel Company, in a letter to the judges 
 of Westmoreland county, asked them to cut off all licenses at Monessen, Pa., 
 where the great steel plant is located, and made the astounding statement that 
 20 per cent of the wages of their 5,000 employes is wasted for rum, thereby im- 
 poverishing the families of the workmen. Not only so, but the men are unfit 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 55 
 
 for work on Mondays, and the cost of steel production is increased by the over- 
 head charges for accidents, 85 per cent of which are due directly or indirectly 
 to liquor. This wonderful waste, he said, adds to the high cost of living. 
 
 The West Pennsylvania Railway Company recently ordered all liquor 
 advertisements out of their cars, and between January 1, 1915, and January i, 
 1917, the American newspapers which refused to carry liquor advertising in- 
 creased from 540 to 8,367. 
 
 A leading statesman has said : "Take the profit from the liquor traffic and 
 intemperance will be ended." 
 
 Three million square miles of territory in the United States is now dry, 
 more than two- thirds of the whole country. 
 
 Over a thousand inmates of the state penitentiary of Pennsylvania petitioned 
 the legislature to abolish "booze," so that on emerging from the prison they might 
 be enabled to start life anew, saved from the temptation of the saloon and its 
 hellish ally, the brothel. 
 
 Of an enrollment of 400,000 school children in Kansas, 398,000 of the boys 
 and girls have never seen a saloon. We will whale the kaiser and win the war 
 for democracy when the tidal wave of prohibition in Pennsylvania sweeps into 
 the sea the herd of swine into whose carcasses the legions of devils of rum are 
 cast. 
 
 Like a mighty army, 
 
 Moves the Church of God; 
 Brethren, we are treading 
 Where the Saints have trod. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Grange, 75,000 farmers, first asked for the closing of bars 
 in social clubs, the enforcing of all liquor laws, anti-treating laws, county and 
 local option, and, finally, national prohibition. 
 
 At a gathering of Tailroad managers and employes, a well-informed presi- 
 dent of one of the great lines stated $250,000,000 are annually paid for lives lost, 
 people injured, and merchandise destroyed which has to be paid for, and for 
 new equipment to replace the cars and engines destroyed. The absolutely sober 
 men proposed that if the companies would tighten the rules and compel universal 
 "teetotalism," the clear headed army of employes would guarantee to reduce the 
 loss mentioned to $125,000,000, or one-half. 
 
 Three thousand saloons went out of business in seven states on January 1, 
 1916, and old man Booze has been staggering ever since. Everybody has noticed 
 his crippled condition. 
 
 And ever and anon someone signing himself "Old Mortality" arises to re- 
 mark that "prohibition does not prohibit," whereupon we reply : "Seven hundred 
 newspaper men, 160 bankers, the governor and all the state officials and every 
 political party in the state declare that prohibition in Kansas is a pronounced 
 success." And the same may be said of West Virginia. 
 
 The Schuylkill county coal operators, with millions of dollars invested, are 
 fighting against "booze," claiming the demon hampers coal production. On every 
 hand coal operators are begging the authorities to erect barriers to shut out 
 saloons within a radius of five miles. If five miles, why not five hundred? 
 
56 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Military authorities in Camp Fremont, near Palo Alto, Cal., say: The 
 liquor traffic in and around the camp is to be crushed — that's all. It has already 
 been driven out of the camp at Rockford, 111. 
 
 The Tennessee Coal & Iron Company use 120 carloads of coal per week, just 
 half enough to run the breweries for one day. 
 
 But says the distiller and brewer of Pennsylvania: What will you do with 
 the ninety-five millions of dollars we have invested in the business in the Keystone 
 state, and when our employes are turned loose what will become of them? 
 Strange to propose such a silly question. No business with the same investment 
 employs a less number of people. At the outside, a little over 7,000 employes 
 are on the pay rolls, and there is disbursed annually for wages about three and 
 a half millions, while the same capital invested in manufacturing, say shipbuild- 
 ing, so much in demand just now, would employ 23,000 hands and disburse 
 $19,000,000 in wages. 
 
 HON. JAMES P. STERRETT 
 
 JOHN A. OBEY, a popular conductor on the Citizens Passenger Railway, 
 was stabbed to death as his car was passing over the old canal on Penn 
 avenue at Eleventh street, by a young ruffian. One of the most impressive 
 scenes ever enacted in the Oyer and Terminer Court of Allegheny County was 
 the sentence of death of Keenan, by His Honor Judge Sterrett. Keenan shook 
 his head in the negative when asked if he had anything to say, when Judge 
 Sterrett said : 
 
 Thomas B. Keenan — At the last term of this court you were indicted and 
 tried for the murder of John A. Obey. You were ably defended by learned 
 and experienced counsel, who did everything that could be accomplished in 
 presenting your case in its most favorable light ; but an intelligent and impar- 
 tial jury of your fellow citizens — a jury of your own choice — after a most 
 patient hearing and careful consideration of the testimony, have pronounced 
 you guilty of murder in the first degree — a crime at which humanity shudders, 
 and one against which the law, both human and divine, denounces its severest 
 penalty. In the law of God it is written, "Thou shalt not kill," "whoso 
 sheddeth man's blood by man shall his blood be shed." The law of the State, 
 in this respect, is but a transcript of the Divine law. The penalty which it 
 affixes to murder in the first degree is death. 
 
 On the morning of the fatal deed you left your home armed with a dagger 
 — an instrument of death. After spending the day in idleness and dissipation, 
 you and your companions entered the car of which the deceased, John A. 
 Obey, was conductor. While there your conduct was such as to offend your 
 fellow-passengers and endanger their personal safety. Mr. Obey, in the mild- 
 est and most courteous manner, admonished you that there were ladies in the 
 car, and entreated you to behave. His admonitions and entreaties were 
 treated with worse than contempt. When, in the discharge of a duty which 
 he owed to helpless women and children depending on him for protection 
 from insult and injury, he attempted to remove you from the car, you drew 
 the dagger and shed his blood. 
 
 Although the work of death occupied but a short time, the manner in 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 57 
 
 which it was executed, and the way in which you concealed the dagger under 
 the cushion of the car, must have satisfied the jury that you knew full well, all 
 the while, what you were doing — that the act was a willful, deliberate and pre- 
 meditated murder. When the verdict was rendered it met the approbation of 
 every member of the court then present, including the learned judge who 
 assisted in the trial, and whose commission has since expired. A careful 
 revision of the testimony and charge of the court since by Judges Mellon and 
 Stowe, as well as myself, satisfied us all that the verdict should not be dis- 
 turbed. We can see no just or legal exception to any of the proceedings. 
 Under the law and the evidence before them, the jury could not conscien- 
 tiously find any other verdict. 
 
 The penalty attached to the verdict is a fearful one, but the crime is 
 equally so. A young man in the bloom of life, kind and courteous, honored 
 and beloved by all who knew him, is hurried from time into eternity, by your 
 hand. While he is thus suddenly summoned to the bar of God, the law 
 considerately and mercifully affords you time and space for repentance. While 
 a vindication of offended justice may consign you to a premature grave, youf 
 sad fate should be an awful warning to those who make an improper use of 
 deadly weapons, and too lightly esteem human life. 
 
 Do not permit yourself to be flattered by the hope that the sword of 
 justice may be averted. There is nothing in your case, as it appears to us, 
 that should reasonably justify any such hope. We would, therefore, kindly 
 entreat you to make a wise and diligent use of your allotted time in preparing 
 for that great change which awaits you and all of us. Kind and sympathizing 
 Christian friends will esteem it a privilege to visit you, aid and assist you by 
 their counsel and advice and point you "to the Lamb of God, which taketh 
 away the sin of the world." 
 
 It is indeed with unfeigned sadness that we now approach the discharge 
 of the last and most painful official duty connected with your trial. As the 
 humble ministers of the law, it is our duty to pronounce the dread sentence it 
 has affixed to the crime of which you stand convicted — a duty from which we 
 cannot shrink, however unpleasant it may be. 
 
 The sentence of the law is that you, Thomas B. Keenan, the prisoner at 
 the bar, be taken hence to the jail of the county of Allegheny, whence you came, 
 and thence to the place of execution, and there be hanged by the neck until 
 you be dead; and may God in His infinite wisdom have mercy on your soul. 
 
 The prisoner received his sentence with remarkable calmness until the 
 court reached that part of its remarks where he was told not to hope for 
 mercy. At this point his lips quivered and tears glistened in his eyes, but he 
 still stood straight and erect in the box and, all things considered, bore him- 
 self with great composure. After the sentence he lingered a moment or two 
 in the court room in conversation with his counsel, and then with elastic step 
 walked back to the jail. The scene was altogether a most impressive one, and 
 brought tears to the eyes of many of the spectators. There was not a single 
 friend or relative, that we could see, of the prisoner present, and notwith- 
 standing that the blood of a fellow being was on his hands, and the mark of 
 Cain upon his forehead, his position, so sad and desolate, created for him con- 
 siderable sympathy. 
 
58 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 JOSEPH K. EMMET. 
 
 HOW many of the readers of this volume will vividly recall Jos. K. Emmet, 
 the versatile comedian in the German dialect, in his popular play of 
 "Fritz, Our German Cousin." His singing and acting at once put him in the 
 forefront and he soon piled up a fortune. His songs included "Sauer Kraut 
 Bully," "Kaiser's Dog," and "I Got Bologna." 
 
 The play sketched his first appearance to sing in New York, when the 
 manager engaged him at $4 per week. Fritz immediately asked the manager 
 "if he had enlargement of the heart," and further exclaimed he didn't think 
 there was that much money in the whole world. 
 
 Mebbe you will be interested in his song, "Kaiser's Dog," as I recall part 
 of it. 
 
 As I dook a lemonade de unner day 
 
 At a blace vots ofer de vay, 
 
 A veller came in and took a glass of gin, 
 
 Und undo me did say, 
 
 "Kaiser, don't you vant to buy a dog? 
 
 He'll make good sausage meat; 
 
 He's as lighd as a fairy and aintd very hairy, 
 
 Und he's only got dree little feet." 
 
 CHORUS. 
 
 Oh, didn't dat dog look sweedt, 
 
 Mid his stumpy tail and only dree feet? 
 
 I told him to go out mit dat dog; 
 
 Said he would when he got an egg nog. 
 
 But as he vent troo de door 
 
 He loudly did roar, saying 
 
 "Kaiser, don'd you vant to buy a dog?" 
 
 I followed him; I cannot told you vy; 
 
 Und I hit him in de mouf and in de eye, 
 
 When a policeman made a start 
 
 And took dot veller's part; 
 
 Saying for dot I should die, ah ! 
 
 He didn't take me home off der door, 
 
 But righd to the jail, do you see? 
 
 And mit de poodle in his arm, 
 
 He looked shust like a charm, 
 
 Und he wag his stumpy tail at me. 
 
 CHORUS. 
 
personal IRemintscences 
 
"Lest we forget.' 
 
//^ 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 61 
 
 SYLVESTER STEPHEN MARVIN. 
 
 ABOUT the earliest enterprise of Mr. Sylvester Stephen Marvin was given 
 the writer in confidence by his father. He was a small boy, attending 
 school. One morning the sidewalk in front of the Marvin home was carpeted 
 with snow, and the elder Marvin concluded an agreement with Sylvester to 
 remove the snow before school opened, the price to be 20 cents. Returning at 
 noon, Father Marvin found that not a sidewalk in the block, six houses, held a 
 flake of snow. Sylvester had hastily contracted with the women to clean all 
 the sidewalks in that block on the terms proposed by his father. He was, of 
 course, highly commended. But a neighbor called the elder Marvin aside and 
 told him Sylvester had farmed out the contract to school chums at 10 cents a 
 sidewalk, and without turning a shovel, cleaned up 60 cents, and trooped off 
 on time to school, with the whole outfit. 
 
 Mr. Marvin displayed the same business traits as collector on a Missouri 
 river ferry boat ; as a soldier during the Civil War, and at its close. He was 
 the principal mover in the Pittsburgh Exposition Society, giving to the city an 
 organization in which there were to be no dividends, but which provided an 
 annual exhibition, the only one in the United States, and which provided also 
 for the admission, free, of all school children. The World's War caused the 
 first break in the exhibitions. Mr. Marvin is the Edison of manufacturing, 
 and after having established one of the biggest baking enterprises in America, 
 assisted in the organization of the National Biscuit Company. And when he 
 should have retired to domestic life, he founded the Pennsylvania Chocolate 
 Company, in Pittsburgh, the largest works west of the Allegheny Mountains, 
 and just now being greatly enlarged. Personal attention is given daily to his 
 manufacturing, banking and other interests, yet all through life he has had 
 time to assist in establishing public institutions, such as the school for the 
 education of the blind in Bellefield; the endowment of the Western Theolog- 
 ical Seminary; the fund for pensioning veteran ministers of the Presbyterian 
 Church, and many other worthy charitable, benevolent and religious enter- 
 prises. Thomas Edison has nothing on our enterprising townsman, S. S. 
 Marvin, whose leisure hours are spent in a charming home — "Meri-mont," at 
 Bryn Mawr, Philadelphia. 
 
 Notwithstanding Mr. Marvin is approaching the eightieth zone of life, at 
 this writing he is personally supervising the erection and installation, in his 
 old home town, of an addition to the chocolate works, which will double its 
 production, thus adding this industry to Pittsburgh's already colossal pyramid 
 of industries. 
 
 Mr. Marvin made the address at the laying of the corner stone of the 
 Chamber of Commerce building, being the only surviving charter member, 
 and his life-size painting by Chase will ultimately hang in the Carnegie Art Gal- 
 lery, Pittsburgh. 
 
 So much has been said during the World War of the work of the Y. M.. 
 C. A., and especially of the wonderful work of the Y. M. C. A. of Pittsburgh, 
 that we must not overlook the day of beginnings, or the day of small things. 
 
 The subject of this sketch is really entitled to the honor of subscribing the 
 first thousand dollars for the first new building for the Y. M. C. A. in Pitts- 
 
62 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 burgh. A committee called upon Mr. Marvin and asked him to subscribe an 
 amount of money to pay the rent for the Y. M. C. A. headquarters in the building 
 of Oliver McClintock & Co. They were promptly informed by Mr. Marvin 
 that he would not subscribe one dollar to pay rent, but he would give them 
 $ 1,000 toward a building that the Y. M. C. A. should own, and it has always 
 been a pleasure to him to know he was the first citizen to propose a gift of 
 $1,000 to secure the building at Penn and Seventh street. And, lest we forget, 
 may it be said he has annually for 50 years given the association a substantial 
 lift. 
 
 E. S. MORROW, CITY CONTROLLER. 
 
 IT HAS been said that a Christian man cannot be active in politics and main- 
 tain his religious integrity. Our veteran City Controller, Eustace S. Mor- 
 row, gives the lie to this statement from the political viewpoint. And there 
 are others, both in politics and the wider domain of business. 
 
 It is observable that God has often called men to places of dignity and 
 honor when they have been busy in the honest employment of their vocation. 
 Saul was seeking his father's asses, and David keeping his father's sheep, 
 when called to the kingdom. The shepherds were watching their flocks 
 when they had their glorious revelation. God called the four apostles from 
 their fishery, and Matthew from the receipt of custom, Amos from the herds- 
 men of Tekoah, Moses from keeping Jethro's sheep, and Gideon from the 
 threshing floor. 
 
 The explicit instructions of the Sovereign Ruler of the World to Jethro 
 are in these words: "Moreover thou shalt provide, out of all the people, able 
 men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating unjust gain; and place such over 
 them, to be rulers of thousands, rulers of fifties and rulers of tens, and let 
 them judge the people at all seasons." 
 
 Clearly the above takes in Presidents and all public officers down the line 
 to police magistrates. 
 
 The Christian man should therefore dominate in politics as well as in 
 business; and this does not imply perfection in either vocation. 
 
 None of us live any day as we meant to live when we set out in the morning. 
 We mistake, however, when we think that only great deeds make worthy 
 service. 
 
 To quote Rev. Henry van Dyke, we should live each day determined to 
 despise nothing in the world except falsehood and meanness, and to fear noth- 
 ing except cowardice; to covet nothing that is our neighbor's except his kind- 
 ness of heart and gentleness of manner; to think seldom of our enemies, often 
 of our friends, and every day of Christ. This will make us the highest type of 
 Christian citizen, and our life will be a blessing to the world as well as the 
 community in which we live. Follow this plan and one will be a success in 
 business or politics. 
 
 Character building is the grandest work in the world. Other things 
 crumble and fall to nothing, but when we have helped God build a character, 
 -we have built something that is going to live as long as God lives. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 63 
 
 So, "Count that day lost whose low descending sun views at thy hand 
 no worthy action done." 
 
 I know it is hard for the Christian man to live the simple life, but we 
 must get down from our dignified perch and let the Master have his way in 
 our hearts and lives. 
 
 The simple life will give the Christian man in business and politics the 
 influence the Gospel intends he shall have and will successfully controvert the 
 oft-repeated challenge of the worldly man that the Gospel of Jesus Christ has 
 ceased to attract men. 
 
 "What we call democracy and solidarity are just the ancient Christian 
 virtues of kindness, brotherhood and justice, adopted into national morality 
 and made into laws, courts and administration. Christianity has not disap- 
 peared, it has become incarnate in wider and more powerful political and 
 economic organizations and institutions. Hence a Christian man, to find his 
 duty, must not only study his Bible, but also his economics, politics and sociol- 
 ogy; and there also he will discover his religion at work, demonstrating its 
 truth and goodness by deeds. If religion is not dominant in business and law 
 it is powerless in the petty circles of individual relations. 
 
 "In the modem version the Good Samaritan not only takes the robbed and 
 wounded to a hospital, but immediately goes after the robbers and brings 
 them to justice; and for this he must have the help of other useful citizens, 
 and of government itself ; hence nowadays the good man goes into politics." — 
 Charles Richard Henderson in "Social Duties." 
 
 The great want of the age is men. Men who are not for sale. Men who 
 are honest ; sound from center to circumference ; true to the heart's core. Men 
 who will condemn wrong in friend or foe, in themselves as well as in others. 
 Men whose consciences are as steady as the needle to the pole. Men who 
 will stand for the right if the heavens totter and reel. Men who can tell the 
 truth and look the world and the Devil right in the eye. Men that neither 
 brag nor curse. Men that neither flag nor flinch. Men in whom the current 
 of everlasting life runs still and deep and strong. Men who do not cry nor 
 cause their voice to be heard in the streets, but who will not fail till judgment 
 be set in the earth. Men who know their message and tell it. Men who 
 know their places and fill them. Men who know their own business. Men 
 who will not lie. Men who are not too lazy to work nor too proud to be 
 poor. Men who are willing to eat what they have earned and wear what they 
 have paid for. These are the men to move the world. 
 
 CHARLES M. SCHWAB 
 
 THE war prosperity of Pittsburgh recalls the remark of Mr. Charles M. 
 Schwab, made some years ago. He predicted that by 1920 the United 
 States would be making 40,000,000 tons of steel annually. At that time the 
 United States was producing only about 11,000,000 tons. The tremendous for- 
 ward march of steel is now indicated by the fact that, two years in advance 
 of the date of Schwab's prophecy, the United States is producing 50,000,000 tons 
 of steel, and of course Pittsburgh produces the larger share of it. 
 
64 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 JOHN A. BRASHEAR. 
 
 THE name of John Brashear caught my eye the other day as it was re- 
 ported he had been telling of the early years of the war, and at once 
 my mind reverted to John's early experiences in mastering astronomy. 
 The writer had heard of John Brashear through his family connection, Robert 
 D. Bryce, of the glass firm of Bryce Brothers, having been one of Brashear's 
 most devoted friends, helpers and advisers. Mr. Bryce took a deep 
 interest in the work of the plain little millwright, who was modestly, but 
 earnestly, working night and day to acquire knowledge of the planets, and spent 
 many evenings in his crude laboratory on the Southside hills, which with the 
 many evenings in his crude laboratory on the Southside hills, which, with the 
 machinery, was built by Mr. Brashear near the head of Eighteenth street. Here 
 was Brashear's machine shop, looking more like a library save for the machinery. 
 For the genius of that shop was the devoted wife of Brashear, who kept it in 
 trim "like a new pin." 
 
 And as she watched the machinery grinding the mirrors, Brashear lay prone 
 upon his back on the grassy slope adjoining, communing with the stars and 
 planets. This work had been going on for days, and weeks and months without 
 the sound of brass bands. Brashear, when his labors in the mill were ended, was 
 moving in a current where the rattle of musketry, the roll of thunder, the noise 
 of wheels in the busy streets and the laugh of a child mingled and blended in de- 
 lightful harmony. The world little knew of the genius being developed on those 
 Southside hills — many a time while almost the whole of the people south of the 
 river lay quietly sleeping. 
 
 So one night it was planned by mutual friends that the writer, a newspaper 
 representative, should go to the laboratory of Brashear and take a trip with the 
 local astronomer and relate his experience. Greetings from Mr. and Mrs. 
 Brashear over, the faithful guardian of the shop proceeded with her duties while 
 the doctor — no, John — and his guest lay down side by side to watch the panorama 
 of the starry host. And what a moving picture show, for while the guest now and 
 then followed a moving meteor, Brashear was fairly starting and stopping them 
 in every direction. The guest would soon have been sound asleep on unpro- 
 nounceable names had he not asked Brashear to realize that he was not talking to 
 Dr. Schlessinger, but merely to a homemade newspaper reporter hunting an item 
 in the primary department or kindergarten of astronomy, and then John figured 
 the cost of a trip to the moon for the reporter at the prevailing railroad rate at 
 the time — three cents a mile. 
 
 Brashear was reminded that it was only Jonah who paid his fare and went ; 
 that the Chronicle force had passes and that unless "free transportation" were 
 issued the proposed excursion to the moon would likely have to be canceled, as 
 the price of a round-trip ticket would be within the reach of only a Rockefeller 
 or Carnegie. 
 
 Well, the next day after the night at Brashear's laboratory the Chronicle 
 told the discovery of one of the greatest astronomers of the age and in quite a 
 lengthy article, too, and this truly modest man has not at this distant day dis- 
 covered how in the world that young newspaper fellow could absorb as much 
 as he did in that one interview of perhaps three, not over four hours' duration, 
 and to this day he refuses to notice the writer of that article if he dignifies him 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 65 
 
 with the title of "doctor." He wants him to call him John, just as he did on that 
 eventful night well on to 40 years ago, otherwise they must be strangers. So 
 don't think it wanting in dignity if in the presence of foreigners, judges, dig- 
 nitaries, etc., the writer should call him John — it's Brashear's way of cementing 
 the affection for his first introduction to the public decades ago through the 
 columns of a Pittsburgh paper. 
 
 HENRY J. HEINZ. 
 
 EMERSON said that every great institution is but the lengthened shadow of a 
 man. These words may be truthfully uttered of H. J. Heinz Company of 
 Pittsburgh, of which Henry J. Heinz is the founder and President, for al- 
 though he has had able associates to whom he has given generous credit for their 
 part in building up the business, his will and genius have been the originating 
 and sustaining forces in the great enterprise which has grown to be the largest of 
 its kind in the world. 
 
 Mr. Heinz was born in Pittsburgh in 1844, the son of Henry Heinz and 
 Anna M. Heinz, natives of Germany. His education was received in the public 
 schools. His parents were devout members of the Lutheran Church, and it was 
 their intention to fit him for the ministry, but he early developed inclinations and 
 talents for commercial pursuits, and with the exception of a few years in his 
 young manhood, his career has been quite exclusively concerned on its business 
 side with the manufacture of pure food products. 
 
 During his boyhood days he assisted his father, who was a manufacturer of 
 brick on a small scale. His father's family having moved to Sharpsburg, where 
 a garden of about three-quarters of an acre surrounded the home, the boy be- 
 came interested in gardening; and as his garden yielded more than the needs of 
 the family required, the surplus was disposed of among the villagers. The suc- 
 cess which he made in his boyhood days in handling garden products suggested 
 to him the idea of engaging in the business of packing food products, which was 
 commenced in a very modest way in 1869. 
 
 The first factory consisted of the basement and one room of the dwelling in 
 which his father's family had previously resided, they having removed to a new 
 home just before the new business was commenced. The first product was 
 Horse Radish packed in bottles. Soon the packing of Pickles, Sauces and other 
 appetizing foods was added. The young man acted upon a principle which he 
 has since put into the form of a motto : 
 
 "To do a common thing uncommonly well brings success." 
 
 From the beginning he insisted upon the cleanliness of the surroundings and 
 the purity of the products packed, and quality has ever been his aim. This policy 
 resulted in the rapid growth of the new business, so that by 1872 he felt the need 
 of greater facilities, and removed to Pittsburgh. The progress of the business 
 has been continuous, and it has grown until the main establishment in Pittsburgh 
 occupies a floor space of over thirty acres, which is increased to over seventy 
 acres when all the Branch Houses are included. The Company operates sixteen 
 branch factories, in addition to the main plant, three of these being in England, 
 Canada and Spain. Forty distributing Branch Warehouses, one of which is in 
 
66 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 London, are only a part of the machinery of distribution ; as, in addition to the 
 Branch Houses, there are agencies in all parts of the world. 
 
 Mr. Heinz has few business interests outside of the business he founded. 
 However, he is a Director of the Union National Bank of Pittsburgh, and of the 
 Western Insurance Company of this city. Although he has devoted but little 
 time to outside business interests, he has given a great deal of it to various civic, 
 philanthropic and religious work. Intensely public-spirited, he belongs to that 
 class of representative American men who do not permit their private interests 
 to preclude active participation in movements and measures which concern the 
 public good. No project for furthering the welfare or adding to the beauty of 
 his home city ever lacks his hearty co-operation and support. He is Chairman 
 of the Food Commission of Pittsburgh and Vice President of the Civic Com- 
 mission. 
 
 Mr. Heinz is one of five gentlemen interested in the Pittsburgh Exposition, 
 from its inception. His colleagues were Messrs. John Bindley, Henry J. Buhl, 
 Albert P. Burchfield and S. S. Marvin, and for 15 years he filled the office of 
 Vice President of the organization. 
 
 It is not an overstatement to say that Mr. Heinz has reserved for religion 
 the largest place in his program of life. He is a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church, and for over twenty of the busiest years of his life he was a Sunday 
 School superintendent. This is the department of religious effort that appeals 
 most strongly to his imagination, because he realizes that good citizens are to be 
 produced by training the boys and girls. His Sunday School connections at the 
 present time include the presidency of the Pennsylvania Association, the chair- 
 manship of the Executive Committee of the World's Association, and member- 
 ship in the Executive Committee of the International Association; and he cheer- 
 fully permits these relationships to make large drafts upon his time and means. 
 
 He has been an extensive traveler, finding his recreation in visiting foreign 
 countries; but even here his active mind and irresistible energy have found ex- 
 pression in collecting rare and beautiful works of art, antiques and curios, and 
 as a result, his home in the East End of Pittsburgh contains one of the largest 
 and most varied private collections in the United States. 
 
 ERASMUS WILSON 
 
 THERE is no more interesting literary figure in Pittsburgh than Erasmus 
 Wilson, "Quiet Observer" of the Gazette Times, who has been quoted 
 as "a fine type of the best class among men." Speaking of a portrait by Frank 
 H. Tompkins, of Boston, Mr. Wilson says when he posed in the latter's studio, 
 he "just sat down and felt comfortable." That is the impression the portrait 
 gives. It shows us Erasmus Wilson as he is in his middle seventies, a man 
 without a "grouch," who has possessed himself so thoroughly of the genuine 
 philosophy of life that he is not only able to think and act it, but also depict it 
 in every feature. It gives us a hint of Erasmus Wilson's sublime youthfulness 
 of heart as well as whispers to us of his seer-like vision. 
 
 It perpetuates in our midst one of our best loved, humane and intellectual 
 figures, a man who has written "The Quiet Observer" for over 30 years and 
 who is still so fond of the joys of life and of serving his fellow man that he is 
 chief of the Boy Scouts of Allegheny county. 
 
B 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 67 
 
 BENJAMIN F. JONES. 
 
 ENJAMIN F. JONES, of the Jones & Laughlin Company, was a staunch 
 Republican and one whom it was always a pleasure to call upon for 
 financial aid in political campaigns. He generously signed for $1,000 to bring 
 the National Convention to Pittsburgh in the interest of McKinley, and laugh- 
 ingly suggested that Geo. Laughlin, his partner, be nailed as soon as he 
 returned from his vacation, as he did the subscribing for the firm. Mr. Jones 
 balked only at the suggestion of the daylight procession on the Saturday pre- 
 ceding the McKinley Presidential election, saying he would give $5,000 more 
 if the procession were abandoned. 
 
 Few persons had any idea of the actual loss to a great concern like the 
 Jones & Laughlin Co. by the daylight processions, but Mr. Jones said the 
 interference with business was so great that he would gladly subscribe $5,000 
 more if the parade was called of. The firm would still be ahead. 
 
 The proposed parade was thereupon abandoned, but the young Republi- 
 can voters and laboring men demanded that the parade take place and their 
 wishes were complied with. General Albert J. Logan was Chief Marshal, the 
 marchers starting at 10 :30 a. m. and the tail enders completed the route at 6 130 
 p. m. Outside of the loss to the mill owners, the actual cost of the demonstra- 
 tion was about $25,000. 
 
 JOHN C. STEVENSON. 
 
 MANY beautiful and touching incidents might be recalled in the life of the 
 next person who "came and sat with me by the fire," notably his benev- 
 olences and charities. But daily contact with him for years, and knowledge 
 that his "left hand did not know what his right hand did," forbids my speaking 
 on that line. 
 
 John C. Stevenson, President of the Manufacturers Bank, among other 
 enterprises, in eariy life was Secretary of a Building & Loan Association, 
 and preparing for an annual meeting, had the author of this volume and 
 Daniel C. Ripley appointed to audit the accounts. The committee met in 
 the library of Mr. Stevenson's home in Hazelwood, where it was always a 
 pleasure to be. Ripley was exceedingly fond of reading — by proxy — willing 
 for somebody to do the reading for him. Mark Twain's "Roughing It" was 
 upon the library table. Ripley glanced at it a moment, asked the author to 
 Tead a chapter, lighted a cigar and settled himself in the chair for a "long win- 
 ter's nap." Along about midnight, worn out with laughter, the committee 
 adjourned, without even opening the books of the Building & Loan Associa- 
 tion. But the genial boss notified the committee that there would be a meet- 
 ing the next night for "business." And it so happened. 
 
68 MEMORY'S MILESTONES.- 
 
 JOHN HARPER 
 
 WITH this name is at once associated the Bank of Pittsburgh N. A., now 
 so named in order to retain the charter name granted in 1810. For 
 years Wm. Roseburg was cashier and there was little need of a mercantile 
 association in those early years. Mr. Harper and Mr. Roseburg constituted 
 such an association and could give to a dollar the financial status of its busi- 
 ness men and manufacturers. 
 
 The bank may truly be known as the "Mother of Banks" as far as West- 
 ern Pennsylvania is concerned, for at its conception, during the administra- 
 tion of James Madison as President of the United States, its influence was felt 
 all over the country. It is the only bank in the United States that never dis- 
 continued the payment of gold for its notes, even during the worst financial 
 panics. 
 
 When chartered in 1810 the bank offered the State of Pennsylvania about 
 $45,000 for 25 years of chartered privilege, money to be expended in public 
 improvements in the "Western County" — Pittsburgh. 
 
 Its records show that in August, 1847, great sums of gold came to the 
 bank "by canal." 
 
 Mr. Harper was also identified with many charitable, benevolent and 
 other public institutions, and was one of its foremost citizens. 
 
 While referring to the Bank it is a pleasure to note that the Directors 
 have just retired for life, on full pay, Mr. Wm. F. Bickel, an employe for 37 
 years, and for a long time Vice President of the institution. Mr. Bickel was 
 Superintendent of the Registry Department of the Pittsburgh Postoffice, and 
 from that position accepted service in the Bank. His faithfulness through all 
 the years past is justly rewarded and he is entitled to his well-earned vacation- 
 a balky horse. 
 
 MARTIN VAN BUREN DOUTHETT 
 
 MARTIN VAN BUREN DOUTHETT was a newspaper reporter in Pitts- 
 burgh for many years, and toward the close of his life retired to a farm 
 a short distance from the city in the direction of Butler county. He was a 
 tireless worker, witty and a versatile fellow with some very peculiar notions 
 of his own. 
 
 He had in his newspaper experience read many suggestions and cures 
 for balky horses, but chose one of his own which proved an entire success. 
 
 One day he came to Pittsburgh with his horse and wagon, and about the 
 time he should have been at the farm, he was wrestling with the proposition of 
 a balky horse. A half hour later Douthett astonished his friends and bystanders 
 by trudging along the streets, hitched to the shafts ; and the procession was mov- 
 ing without any further delay. The horse was fastened by the bridle rein to 
 the rear end of the wagon and you could not have proved by the actions of the 
 animal, that the equine had even been accused of a balky disposition. He seemed 
 to enjoy the situation. And so did Douthett. 
 
 We are not aware Douthett ever copyrighted this receipt for the cure of 
 
S* 
 
 (£><?*?<* 
 
 ty^ 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 69 
 
 EZRA P. YOUNG. 
 
 IN 1883, roaming through a cotton field in Georgia, Ezra P. Young, of Edge- 
 worth, and the author fell in with the Sheriff and Jailer of the county. They 
 were going to the mountain prison, or lockup, to feed some colored prisoners. 
 Both officers had been in the rebel army, and it transpired in the course of 
 conversation that Mr. Young, with Union forces, was at one time in close pur- 
 suit of the regiment in which both Southerners belonged. Everything went 
 along pleasantly until it was suggested that the "Rebels" were glad when it 
 was all over. Instantly both men became angry and retorted most viciously. 
 Explanations followed and after awhile good feeling was restored. 
 
 One of the men at length assured Mr. Young that he had never killed a 
 Yank soldier — he always aimed too high. "But," said the other, "you cannot 
 tell the gentlemen you never stole a Northern mule." 
 
 Every "Rebel" returning to camp with a big, sleek Northern mule was 
 promoted. 
 
 They looked like elephants in comparison with the scrawny little fellows 
 which, for want of any other name, were called "mules." 
 
 In Jessup, Georgia, a visit was made to the jail. One colored man only 
 was incarcerated therein. He said "a white man owed him some money and 
 put him in jail to escape paying him." He also added: "White folks, stay 
 around awhile. I am so lonesome here all by myself." 
 
 ALBERT P. BURCHFIELD. 
 
 IN THIS soldier of the Civil War I found a successful business man, who, 
 like Paul, was not ashamed of the Gospel of the Kingdom. He, too, dem- 
 onstrated to the business world what City Controller Morrow proved to the 
 political world, that a Christian man can be in business and maintain his relig- 
 ious integrity. 
 
 When young Burchfield came home from the war safe and sound, leaving 
 many comrades behind, one thing he had resolved upon, viz. : that whatever 
 success he might attain in business, one-tenth of his income would be his 
 accounting of his stewardship to the Lord. 
 
 He rapidly rose in the business world, counted his gains by the hundreds 
 at the close of each fiscal year, and the tempter often besieged him. 
 
 By and by the sum due the Lord assumed rather large proportions ; but 
 it was a pleasure for him to "cheerfully give," and year after year he had to 
 appropriate some of his time to hunt places to bestow the goods that so 
 bountifully enriched him. And the greater the amount due to the Master the 
 happier the man. 
 
 This personal reminiscence of Mr. Burchfield can with justice be applied 
 to several I see coming "to sit with me by the fire" — the sturdy men who 
 founded Pittsburgh. 
 
7 o MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM FLINN. 
 
 THE man whose easiest task in life was the making of money, who does not 
 consider himself a speaker, and yet could hold a large audience of busi- 
 ness men for over two and one-half hours with his "Reminiscences of Pitts- 
 burgh ;" who conceived and financed a plan to reach 1,560,000 voters in Penn- 
 sylvania in a spectacular campaign for Roosevelt and Johnson — Ex-State 
 Senator William Flinn, came and "sat with me by the fire." 
 
 I had been in politics with the Senator for 40 years or more of real 
 pleasure. 
 
 But the thing that most impressed me is the debt the people owe to Sena- 
 tor Flinn, the father of good roads. Fifty years ago "fanatics" was the desig- 
 nation given those who suggested anything in place of the knee-deep mud 
 roads in the suburbs. Thirty years ago the Pittsburgh papers poked fun at 
 Banker John S. Scully and Farmer Percy F. Smith for attending good roads 
 conventions and advocating improved roads. 
 
 But Senator Flinn saw the day when "good roads" were born, and it was 
 when the Legislature passed the measure of his own creation, the bill to insure 
 "good roads." 
 
 The experiment was scarcely inaugurated until a demand for "speeding 
 up" arose, and as I write there are 522 miles of these improved roads in Alle- 
 gheny County, at a cost of $12,000,000, and the people wouldn't be without 
 them if the cost was doubled. 
 
 One has but to step into his automobile or ponderous truck and strike out 
 in any direction to find the mighty strides in State and National road making; 
 and the Lincoln Highway and improved National Pike, to say nothing of the 
 miles of smooth and substantial roadway in our own whole State, are largely 
 attributable to the wise provisions of the Flinn Good Roads bill. In the year 
 1918, while on a trip to Gettysburg, automobile drivers referred to the Lincoln 
 Highway as being as smooth and fine as the "boulevards in Allegheny 
 County." 
 
 HON. JOSEPH M. SWEARINGEN. 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE of the readiness at wit of the Irish, Hon. Joseph M. 
 Swearingen, of the Common Pleas Court, had this experience. It was 
 after the United States declared war on Germany. An Irishman summoned 
 for jury service asked to be excused. 
 
 "On what grounds?" queried the Judge. 
 
 Irishman — I'm working. 
 
 Judge — Working at what? 
 
 Irishman — Making munitions — shells. 
 
 Judge — For the Kaiser? 
 
 Irishman — No, sor ; but he is getting them, sor. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 71 
 
 CHRISTOPHER L. MAGEE. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER L. MAGEE set out to be a lawyer, but his uncle, Thomas 
 Steel, the City Controller, informed him that there were already two 
 attorneys in the family — Fred M. Magee and "Tommy" Bigelow — and the 
 friends were busy enough mobilizing business to keep those two young fel- 
 lows employed in order to meet living requirements. Chris must be a financier, 
 was the decision of Uncle "Tommy." 
 
 Later on he was a clerk in his uncle's office in old Wilkins Hall on Fourth 
 avenue. The Southside boroughs had been annexed to Pittsburgh. Those 
 boroughs had issued paving bonds in the sum of $100 each, and reports became 
 current that the boroughs, immediately after being forced into the city, would 
 repudiate the bonds. 
 
 City officers, including Mr. Steel, made every effort to explain to the hun- 
 dreds of citizens holding those bonds that the city would, no doubt, ultimately 
 take care of the bonds, and young Magee heard all the discussion and explana- 
 tions of their being a good lien. But the indignation was great and quite a 
 lot of persons practically gave the bonds away as souvenirs. 
 
 One day Controller Steel overheard Chris talking to an indignant holder 
 of one of the bonds, winding up with an offer by Chris to buy the bond. He 
 got it for a song. The Controller then learned that his gifted young nephew 
 had secured several of the bonds, at different prices, and, to shorten the story, 
 the offers multiplied until he had enough to amount to a "wad" when the city, 
 several years later, enacted legislation to redeem all the Southside paving 
 bonds. 
 
 The Consolidated Traction Co., the Pittsburgh Times and the Freehold 
 Bank were the notable instances of the capabilities of the young Napoleon of 
 finance. 
 
 HENRY W. OLIVER, JR. 
 
 JUST what to give of the colloquy with Henry W. Oliver, Jr., "as we sat by 
 the fire" puzzles me. I knew him as the lead horse in the Lewis, Oliver & 
 Phillips firm ; as President of Council ; as President of the Pittsburgh & West- 
 ern Railroad Co., and could recall something of interest under each head, in 
 his eventful life. 
 
 In the latter part of his business career he intrusted certain things with 
 me, wanted that I should establish a large printing plant, with facilities for 
 publishing novels, etc., and engaged me to assist him somewhat in the opening 
 of Oliver avenue. 
 
 His explanation for asking me was an incident in his own life. An old 
 friend of his good mother, William Montgomery, frequently catechised his 
 mother as to the characteristics and traits of her boys, and particularly insisted 
 on knowing if her boy "Harry gave any evidence of executive ability." Finally 
 Mrs. Oliver said, "If by executive ability he meant that Harry wouldn't do 
 anything that he could get someone else to do for him, he had plenty of it." 
 
 But Oliver avenue and many magnificent buildings in Pittsburgh are fit- 
 
72 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 ting monuments of his energy and business sagacity, the conception and com- 
 pletion of which are entirely due to his wisdom and foresight. If the details 
 were carried out by others in all of his vast enterprises, his was the mind 
 which originated them. 
 
 HON. MOSES HAMPTON. 
 
 HON. MOSES HAMPTON was Judge of the old District Court, after- 
 wards merged with the Common Pleas Court. The court was "trying 
 out" shorthand reporters. Hon. Judge John M. Kirkpatrick, R. Biddle Rob- 
 erts, the third member a lawyer, were the committee to test the applicants. 
 Rev. S. S. Gilson and a stranger who blew into the city were the competitors. 
 He gave the name of Don Carlos Ferdinand. 
 
 He was taking notes in Judge Hampton's court; a squabble occurred be- 
 tween the attorneys, and the court ordered Ferdinand to read his notes. 
 Ferdinand, as soon as he had emptied his mouth of a huge chunk of a sand- 
 wich, undertook the task of reading the testimony, and utterly failed. Judge 
 Hampton at once notified Judge Kirkpatrick to remove "the nuisance," and 
 Ferdinand was informed he would not suit. 
 
 He slapped Judge Kirkpatrick on the knee with considerable force, remark- 
 ing, "I can take down the notes with av-vid-di-ty, but it is with great dif-fik- 
 ul-ty that I decipher them. However, Judge, I can beat the pants off Gilson." 
 
 CITY CONTROLLER THOMAS STEEL 
 
 CITY CONTROLLER THOMAS STEEL was not only a staunch Repub- 
 lican, but a great temperance advocate and one of the organizers of the 
 famous Washingtonian movement. He was a general favorite with the city 
 and county officials, and especially with all young men, to whom he gave 
 most excellent counsel and advice. One of the strongest points he enlarged 
 upon was the value of the voting franchise and he lent every effort to induce 
 men to vote. The last ballot he ever cast was at an election in the Second Ward, 
 Pittsburgh, where he resided for many years. He was confined to his home 
 by reason of illness and sent word to the election officers that he desired to 
 vote. Two of the election board went to his house, the Squire, by which he 
 was more familiarly known "tied his ballot to a string, lowered it from his 
 bed room window, it was received, as folded, by the election officers, who de- 
 posited it in the ballot box. 
 
 The author of this volume was designated by the Squi re > " as "the bright 
 youth from the Chronicle office who wasn't afraid to say he didn't drink liquor." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 73 
 
 HON. MARSHALL BROWN. 
 
 HON. MARSHALL BROWN, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 
 besides dispensing justice with a wonderful leaning to mercy, has found 
 time to pen some charming poems. His volume on "Wit and Humor" will be 
 recalled as one of his most popular productions. But his "Little White Rose 
 by the Wayside" was a gem which I recited "as we sat by the fire" and dis- 
 cussed events since I first met him, a student in the law office of Brown & 
 Lambie. Major A. M. Brown was his father. Here is the poem: 
 
 Cool in the shadows and kissed by the dew, 
 
 Deep in a tangled wood, 
 A little wild rose by the wayside grew, 
 
 Sweet, contented and good. 
 
 Grew in the sunlight and grew in the shade, 
 
 Innocent, pure and fair, 
 Watched by the whispering winds in the glade, 
 Loved by the songbirds there. 
 
 Dear little rosebud, so fair and so good, 
 
 Far in the country lone, 
 Friend of the songbird and friend of the wood, 
 
 Sweet rosebud — all my own. 
 
 In the wildwood deep, in the early morn, 
 
 And hush of a summer day, 
 At the break of dawn by the old hawthorn, 
 
 My rosebud passed away. 
 
 And under the stars, it is said, each night, 
 Back by the wayside lone, 
 A rosebud fairy in blossoming white, 
 Sleeps on a mossy stone. 
 
 DR. GEORGE H. KEYSER 
 
 DR. GEORGE H. KEYSER, druggist, Wood street, was tall, thin and of 
 the Abraham Lincoln type of man. Just inside the front door of his 
 store was a cabinet enclosing a human skeleton on springs. Across the street 
 was the office of the Post newspaper. Keyser's clerks in the drug store called 
 a small newsboy and as he entered the drug store to make his sale, suddenly 
 opened the cabinet and rattled the skeleton. The youngster yelling at the top 
 of his voice scudded across the street and sought refuge in the Post office. Dr. 
 Keyser was incensed when he learned the cause of the commotion, and going 
 to the door, kindly beckoned the little fellow to come over again. 
 
 But no inducement could budge the lad, who, as he backed further away, 
 said to the Doctor: "No you don't: I know you, even if you have your 
 clothes on." 
 
74 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 HON. P. C. KNOX 
 
 THE following incident in the early career of the Hon. P. C. Knox is culled 
 from the archives of Percy F. Smith. Ten thousand boxes of merchan- 
 dise from a great manufacturing concern in Pittsburgh, Hostetter's Stomach 
 Bitters, were entrusted with a steamboat transportation company, Gray's Iron 
 Line, to be carried safely to New Orleans, "the ordinary perils and risks of 
 navigation excepted." So read the bill of lading. 
 
 When the steamer and its fleet of model barges reached an obscure land- 
 ing, six or seven miles this side of Mt. Vernon, Ind., notice was given that a 
 consignment of corn in sacks was there awaiting loading for the South. But 
 the fleet passed on to Mt. Vernon and in that safe harbor tied up. 
 
 With one model barge, that containing the 10,000 boxes of aforesaid mer- 
 chandise, the steamer in charge of the fleet returned for the corn. But in 
 rounding out from the landing after loading, the barge struck a hidden snag, 
 careened and sank, and the cargo was a total loss. 
 
 The owner of the 10,000 boxes of "wet goods" merchandise sued to 
 recover the value thereof, on the grounds that the steamboat company, having 
 "successfully braved the perils of navigation to Mt. Vernon, could not return 
 and go over that course again protected by the clause in the bill of lading, 
 'perils of navigation excepted.' " 
 
 The owner of the merchandise wondered that there should be any adverse con- 
 tention of the proposition for reimbursement of the loss. And likewise did it 
 strike the average layman, and especially those conversant with marine navigation. 
 
 But Mr. Knox, counsel for the steamboat company, thought differently. 
 He had just made his debut as a practitioner and the writer recalls the earnest- 
 ness with which he defended his clients and fought the case. 
 
 Plaintiff proved conclusively by captain, pilots and navigators generally, 
 and by all precedents recorded in maritime practice, that the ordinary course 
 had been followed, without accident, to Mt. Vernon and should have been 
 continued uninterruptedly, to New Orleans. 
 
 Mr. Knox not only vigorously contested this point, but had every one of 
 plaintiff's witnesses admit that it would have been "unwise, unsafe and impru- 
 dent, as well as impossible," to land. the whole fleet at that obscure landing; 
 and that returning with one barge minimized the danger and was good judg- 
 ment in navigation. 
 
 Mr. Knox went further and greatly strengthened this position by produc- 
 ing as his own witnesses captains, pilots and others engaged in navigation, 
 who testified that there was no other safe way to load the cargo of corn ; and 
 every one of them admitted that under similar circumstances they would take 
 freight in the same way — that it was the custom to so make up their tow until 
 it was complete for the whole journey. 
 
 Of course, the case hinged largely on the arguments, and Mr. Knox 
 earnestly contended that he had proved "that custom established the safe 
 course of proceeding," and hence "was higher than the law." 
 
 After the case had been submitted, Mr. Knox asked interested friends what 
 they thought of the outcome, and their frank answer gave him somewhat of a jolt. 
 He thereupon displayed his sanguine disposition by an offer to give or receive a 
 handsome suit of clothes on the result. He won the suit — not the clothes, but the 
 suit at law. He would have won the other, too, but there were no takers. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. ;5 
 
 HON. WM. B. McCLURE 
 
 THIS Honorable Judge of the Courts of Allegheny County was one of the 
 most earnest, sincere and faithful jurists in the State, an able lawyer, 
 close student, and above all, most humane. He was kind, exceedingly so, to 
 young newspaper sleuths, and helped them over many hard places. 
 
 One night report reached the old Gazette office that a certain matter had 
 been decided which had not reached, officially, the editorial room, and comfirma- 
 tion of the report could be had only from the Judge himself. 
 
 The veteran reporter of the time, Wm. Anderson, one of the Judge's 
 favorites, was finally prevailed upon to call at the Judge's house. It was then 
 past midnight, and "Billy" had misgivings as to what might occur when he 
 awakened the Judge from his slumbers. 
 
 He cautiously approached the house, pulled the door bell vigorously and 
 in a twinkling the door was opened by the Judge. He welcomed Anderson, 
 disarmed all fear by announcing he was writing an opinion in an important 
 case, which he expected to render when court opened ; commended Anderson 
 for his newspaper enterprise; confirmed the report; and Anderson not only 
 had a "scoop," but next day followed up his lead and had the full decision in 
 the second case. 
 
 Sixty years ago, October 19, Judge McClure charged the jury in the famous 
 slave kidnaping case of George Shaw, indicted for abducting George Harris (o£ 
 "Uncle Tom's Cabin" notoriety), a free mulatto, from Pittsburgh to Alabama. 
 The entire charge occupied two colums in the Dispatch, and began with a poetical 
 stanza, of which one line reads : "I would not have a slave to till my land." The 
 judge was only stating his personal convictions about slavery and he then pro- 
 ceeded to state the law. In one hour the jury returned a verdict of guilty and 
 appeal was noted. 
 
 HON. JOSIAH COHEN 
 
 JUDGE JOSIAH COHEN was present on one occasion as I pleasantly 
 rehearsed some incident in the life of the men of fifty years ago, and 
 wondered if when his chair was vacant I could find something good to say of 
 him. Judge Cohen endeared himself to the people of the county as he partici- 
 pated in the banquet at the Monongahela House to General Grant, on the 
 occasion of the return of the bronzed hero from his tour around the world. 
 
 Josiah Cohen responded to a toast, and it was the conclusion of his wonder- 
 fully eloquent and patriotic address that obtained him favor. 
 
 He thanked the committee for honoring his race, for the special privilege 
 of being the one chosen for the time, and said, "Thy people shall be my 
 people, and thy God my God." It was one of the most impressive thoughts at 
 the banquet. 
 
76 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 EUGENE M. O'NEILL, ESQ. 
 
 HORTLY after Mr. Eugene M. O'Neill made his appearance in the news 
 
 s 
 
 department of the Dispatch, of which his brother Dan was editor and 
 one of the owners, there was a terrible accident on the Panhandle Railroad, at 
 Corks Run trestle and fill, about two miles west of Pittsburgh. It was the 
 wreck of the Pacific Express, and the rear sleeping car left the trestle where it 
 curved and rolled over and over down an embankment until, according to Mr. 
 O'Neill's brilliant account, "it lay at the bottom of a deep ravine, a chaotic 
 mass of broken timbers." 
 
 The "devils" in some of the offices who had been promoted and were rival 
 reporters would have been jealous of Mr. O'Neill had it not been for his 
 genial disposition and kindness and his ever-ready, original wit and humor 
 and cordial friendship. 
 
 The railroad managers manifested a deal more than ordinary interest in 
 the Dispatch as they read the introduction to that accident the next day. 
 
 As I recall it, here it is : "Tuesday morning, at an early hour, while 
 Pittsburgh was as yet buried in repose, and no sound of human voice went up 
 from the thick canopy of fog which overhung it, nor feet, save those of the 
 solitary guardian of the peace, treading his lonely beat, had disarranged 
 the soft carpet of snow that had silently fallen during the night, a train sped 
 westward from the Union depot." 
 
 That article and a New Year's greeting, which he soon after penned, 
 easily placed him in the front line of the most graceful as well as forceful 
 writers in Pittsburgh, and it was not long until he was high in the scale in the 
 editorial department of the paper, as well as one of its owners. 
 
 JOHN W. CHALFANTS BAROMETER. 
 
 JOHN W. CHALFANT'S barometer of the fluctuations in the iron business 
 was given at a National Convention of iron masters several years ago. 
 Said this remarkable captain of industry : "There are six or seven years when 
 we make money 'hand over fist,' then 'mushroom' concerns spring up over 
 night, get in on the top wave, and cut prices. For the next six or seven years, 
 we do well to 'keep level,' and for the remaining six or seven years of the 
 20 years, we lose money like the devil." 
 
 COL. HENRY WATTERSON 
 
 THE retirement of Colonel Watterson, one of the most widely known men, 
 and editor of the Louisville Courier Journal, from active Journalism, 
 recalls his famous expression concerning the fatal course of a political party, 
 viz. : "It is marching through a slaughter house to an open grave." And that's 
 where the Kaiser is heading. 
 

MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 77 
 
 E. M. BIGELOW WINS AND LOSES 
 
 EDWARD M. BIGELOW'S fame as a city builder will ever be great, and 
 the father of the Parks has many achievements to his credit, including 
 the Bigelow boulevard. But he went against the Board of Directors pi the 
 Western Pennsylvania Institution for the Education of the Blind in their 
 effort to secure the site from Mrs. Schenley, and "lost out." 
 
 One day, with a shawl over his arm and a grip in his hand, as he came 
 out of Old City Hall, looking as if he might be going to Cape May, he was 
 actually on his way to England and Scotland, to do what? To use his own 
 language, "To pull the legs of Pittsburgh non-resident millionaires" for big 
 gifts to Pittsburgh. 
 
 To shorten the story, he came back with the Schenley Park scheme prac- 
 tically in his coat pocket, and it was not long until the magnificent Schenley 
 Park, under his skillful manipulation, was a reality, instead of a dream. 
 
 Some time before the park was ready for the public, "Ed" discovered 
 that it must have a grand entrance. Fifteen acres of Schenley ground was 
 available, and Mr. Bigelow generously ( ?) proposed to Mrs. Schenley that on 
 account of her generosity, he would recommend to the city that the necessary 
 acreage be purchased and paid for. 
 
 Mrs. Schenley was advised by real estate men that the property was 
 worth $200,000 or $300,000, but Mr. Bigelow forwarded to her a transcript 
 showing the valuation on the desired acreage, said valuation having been 
 made by the agents of the estate. It was shrewdly suspected, however, that 
 the valuation, $75,000, on the whole tract, might have been made when the tax 
 assessor was around, but when it came to a possible sale, to use the language 
 of a German speculator, "the market schlipped up a leedle." To make a long 
 story short, Mrs. Schenley, without hesitation, accepted "Ed's" offer, assured 
 that the entrance would be the "crown jewel" to her beautiful gift. 
 
 About this time Col. William A. Herron had interested himself to obtain 
 from Mrs. Schenley the gift of a site for the Newsboys' Home, and also the 
 donation of a piece of property for a school for the education and maintenance 
 of blind children. The State had enacted a law to provide $250 per year for 
 the education and maintenance of the blind wards of the State, and Miss Jane 
 Holmes, in her will, had set aside $40,000 for such a school when an additional 
 $40,000 was raised. Colonel Herron was one of the founders of the school. 
 
 The money was raised and the school opened in a temporary building in 
 Lawrenceville, where it remained until the beautiful building in Bellefield was 
 erected. 
 
 And now to return to Mr. Bigelow. He did not want the school located 
 in Bellefield, as he had in his mind his park scheme, and he wanted Carnegie's 
 gifts surrounded by anything and everything in the world, but not the school 
 that might present such sad sights for the people as blind children on the 
 campus. He magnanimously offered to secure the old Schenley residence and 
 10 acres out on Stanton avenue, in the Eighteenth ward, and warned the 
 writer and those in whose hands were the interests of the popular school for 
 the education of the blind that if they persisted in their effort to induce Mrs. 
 Schenley to donate a site in Bellefield he would use his best endeavors to 
 knock us out entirely. 
 
78 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Mrs. Schenley may have feared when our friend "Ed" so earnestly pushed 
 for the Stanton avenue site that he might possibly have in mind the acquisi- 
 tion as a further gift of all the property remaining between Bellefield and the 
 Eighteenth ward for additional park purposes. So the promoters of the 
 institution got together and, finding Mrs. Schenley willing to donate either 
 site, made a compromise to accept the site in Bellefield, a little over five acres 
 (she was willing to make it 10) instead of the Stanton avenue site, which by a 
 consensus of opinion was considered too much "out of the way." 
 
 But Mr. Bigelow was a persistent fellow. Had he not been so the City of 
 Pittsburgh might not have been rated as the workshop of the world — some 
 city, indeed, that pays out two million dollars a day in wages, but a city also beau- 
 tiful as well as useful. And he vouchsafed to the writer one day that unless 
 we accepted the Stanton avenue site, the directors of the school would have to 
 buy a site, or look elsewhere for a gift. There were times when our enthusi- 
 astic city builder had the board "up in the air," but at this particular .time of 
 confiding in the secretary, there was snugly ensconced in the secretary's office 
 the deed from Mrs. Schenley for the five acres and some perches in Bellefield, 
 on which the present school buildings stand. And I am sure no one was 
 prouder of the school and its attainments than Mr. Bigelow. It ranks as one 
 of the best schools of its kind in America. 
 
 CHARLES W. HOUSTON 
 
 MR. CHAS. W. HOUSTON, one of the founders of the Press, was in the 
 newspaper business when 10 years old. With three companions he pub- 
 lished "The Little Chief," 4 pages, 6x9. Capital invested $4.00; length of 
 copartnership 6 weeks; dividends 100 per cent. Dissolution of partnership 
 followed, Houston receiving a "composing stick and galley," as his share of 
 the assets. Charley was the first page boy Pittsburgh Councils employed, and 
 later served for several years as assistant City Clerk. His untiring energy re- 
 sulted in the establishment of the Press. 
 
 Called upon to respond to a toast at a banquet on one occasion, Houston 
 got rid of the task with this anecdote. He said he was reminded of the story 
 of Sammy Doolittle, the school boy and Miss Hodgett, his teacher. The latter 
 had offended the boy, and on his slate he wrote — 
 
 A little mouse stole up stairs, 
 To hear Miss Hodgett say her prayers. 
 Showing it to the children they giggled and Miss Hodgett commandeered the 
 slate. She ordered Sammy to the black board and told him if he did not within 
 five minutes add two lines to the couplet, she would give him a severe whipping. 
 There he stood without a word and the five minutes expired. Seizing the 
 ruler and Sammy's hand, she raised the instrument to strike, when Sammy 
 fairly exploded: 
 
 Before me stands Miss Hodgett, 
 She will strike and I will dodge it. 
 
 A month or so afterward a friend related how he had been at a banquet 
 and heard a man win great applause, when he got off the best sally of the 
 evening — the Miss Hodgett story. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 79 
 
 RICHARD REALF 
 
 FOR some days a remarkably attractive personage had been furnishing 
 incidents developed at Frank Murphy's Old Home Temperance meet- 
 ings, to the Pittsburgh Commercial. He gave the. name of Richard Realf, and 
 Mr. Brigham soon made his acquaintance, with the result that this noted Eng- 
 lishman, poet and author, was very soon on the editorial staff of the paper. 
 
 He was a graceful but forceful writer of both poetry and prose, a most 
 eloquent and convincing orator, and attracted national attention by his famous 
 production entitled "Hymn of Pittsburgh." 
 
 Leaving Pittsburgh after a very successful career in journalism and lec- 
 turing, he went to California, where his brilliant but sad life came to an end at 
 his own hand. 
 
 In a pocket of his vest, on a scrap of paper was found his last poem : 
 
 *"De mortuis nil nisi bonum." When 
 
 For me the end has come and I am dead, 
 And little, voluble, chattering daws of men 
 
 Peck at me curiously, let it then be said 
 By some one brave enough to speak the truth — 
 
 Here lies a great soul, killed by cruel wrong. 
 Down all the balmy days of his fresh youth 
 
 To his bleak, desolate noon, with sword and song 
 And speech, that rushed up hotly from the heart, 
 
 He wrought for liberty; till his own wound 
 (He had been stabbed), concealed with painful art 
 
 Through wasting years, mastered him and he 
 swooned 
 And sank there where you see him lying now 
 With that word "Failure" written on his brow. 
 
 But say that he succeeded. If he missed 
 
 World's honors, and world's plaudits, and the 
 wage 
 Of the world's deft lackeys, still his lips were kissed 
 
 Daily by those high angels who assuage 
 The thirstings of the poets — for he was 
 
 Born unto singing — and a burthen lay 
 Mightily on him, and he moaned because 
 
 He could not rightly utter to this day 
 What God taught him in the night. Sometimes, 
 nathless, 
 
 Power fell upon him, and bright tongues of flame, 
 And blessings reached him from poor souls in stress; 
 
 And benedictions from black pits of shame; 
 And little children's love; and old men's prayers, 
 And a Great Hand that led him unawares. 
 
 So he died rich. And if his eyes were blurred 
 
 With thick films — silence ! He is in his grave. 
 Greatly he suffered; greatly, too, he erred; 
 
 Yet broke his heart in trying to be brave. 
 Nor did he wait till Freedom had become 
 
 ♦Translation — "Concerning the dead, speak nothing but 
 good." 
 
80 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 The popular shibboleth of the courtier's lips; 
 But smote for her when God Himself seemed dumb 
 
 And all his arching skies were in eclipse. 
 He was a-weary, but he fought his fight, 
 
 And stood for simple manhood; and was joyed 
 To see the august broadening of the light 
 
 And new earths heaving heavenward from the 
 void. 
 He loved his fellows, and their love was sweet — 
 Plant daisies at his head and at his feet. 
 
 At his funeral in San Francisco hundreds of school children were present, 
 and his casket was literally covered with daisies. 
 
 The Pittsburgh Dispatch of October 30th, 1878, in a column notice of the 
 career of Realf, printed his exquisite poem of "Indirection." Said the paper: 
 "He died from morphine at the Windsor Hotel, Oakland, Cal., a suicide because 
 of the court's reversal of a divorce obtained from his much older wife. He was 
 employed in a mine there, was born in Lancashire, emigrated to Kansas, became 
 John Brown's private secretary, and was lost to sight until news of his death. 
 Was the protege of Lady Byron." The Dispatch, in reproducing this incident in 
 its review of events 40 years ago, says: "Realf is now recognized among 
 America's real poets." 
 
 MR. E. D. SMITH 
 
 THE father of the cheap, popular railroad excursions from Pittsburgh was 
 without question Edward D. Smith, for thirty-six years connected with 
 the Passenger and Ticket Department, first of the old Pittsburgh & Connells- 
 ville Railroad, afterward the Baltimore & Ohio system, East and West. 
 
 The road was about as unpopular as any railroad in the country, and 
 under the management of the Garretts earned scarcely more than $20,000,000 
 a year. But it suddenly began to be advertised as the "Picturesque B. & O.," 
 and put on airs until the present time its earnings exceed the $100,000,000 
 mark, and McAdoo has made it the popular route from Chicago to Washing- 
 ton, via the Lake Erie, at New Castle to McKeesport. 
 
 Mr. Smith suggested low fare excursions to Atlantic City, Washington, 
 Fortress Monroe, Richmond, Cumberland, Wheeling, etc. 
 
 But the management at Baltimore notified him he was to get revenue 
 instead of seeing how much he could spend in advertising, besides giving the 
 people almost free rides. And finally, the people would travel when they had 
 to and pay full fare, and no "bargain counter" offers would induce them to 
 travel. 
 
 He soon proved to the "Old Guard" at Baltimore they were mistaken 
 when by a specially low rate he took the Knights Templar on special trains 
 "away around the horn" to Philadelphia; thousands to Atlantic City, Wash- 
 ington, Fort Monroe, etc. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 81 
 
 The excursions to nearby towns taxed the road to its utmost. 
 
 Mr. Smith's superior officers at Baltimore joked him about his first Deco- 
 ration Day excursion to Ohio Pyle Falls, on the Youghiogheny River, 75 miles 
 distant, a short time after the road was opened between Connellsville and 
 Cumberland, and placed five cars at his disposal. He asked for more and him- 
 self gathered together from branches 20 cars, all of which were crowded. 
 
 No greater advertisement was ever planned for the B. & O. than those 
 popular excursions. 
 
 SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH 
 
 SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH, Secretary of the Pennsylvania Lines, and 
 President of the Carnegie Institute, author of the popular work on 
 ,r Dliver Cromwell," got some of his inspiration about books and authors when 
 quite a young fellow. Half a century ago the principal libraries were sus- 
 tained by well-to-do Sabbath Schools. Hazelwood had two such enterprising 
 schools, the Hazelwood Christian and the Presbyterian. An "Old Folks" con- 
 cert was given in the public school hall, Father Kemp's old Song Book being 
 used, and the proceeds, amazing for the time — $150 — went to the two schools, 
 to purchase new libraries. Mr. Church was a joint manager of the enterprise 
 and contributed greatly to its financial as well as artistic success. And then 
 he went off and bought a lot of books, all of which had to be censored for a 
 Sabbath School Library. That task finished, he took a vacation for a few days 
 and gave to the world, his "Oliver Cromwell." 
 
 And then Mr. Carnegie discovered him and learned that by his help his 
 tasks in his philanthropies would be greatly lightened. 
 
 ALEXANDER M. BYERS. 
 
 THOSE closest to Mr. Alex. M. Byers knew him best and most appreciated 
 him. Founding an immense enterprise, he was a stumbling block in all 
 proposed consolidations, and after refusing all offers for merger with kindred 
 concerns, was threatened with annihilation. This brought forth his final ulti- 
 matum, viz. : That his tormentors might speedily reach a hotter place than 
 his office — much sooner than they would close him up. And the greatest pipe 
 combination ever formed only spurred the little "Mercer county farmer" to 
 greater enterprise in wrought iron pipe manufacture, which soon gave him the 
 lead in America. 
 
 He was ably seconded in this great enterprise by his brother, Ebenezer 
 M. Byers, much his junior. 
 
82 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 COL. WM. PHILLIPS 
 
 A REAL strike-breaker was Col. "Bill" Phillips years ago. His weapon 
 was terror. The strikers were boys in his earliest enterprise, glass man- 
 ufacturing, and the lure to walk out was the circus. Later in life he ran a 
 railroad and the operation of it suited Colonel Phillips, at least. 
 
 Col. William Phillips, better known as "Bill" Phillips, was a unique char- 
 acter in Pittsburgh 40 to 50 years ago. His earliest business venture was in 
 the manufacture of glass products as Phillips & Best, on old Try street, 
 Second ward, Pittsburgh, where at a remote time the Pennsylvania Canal passed 
 to the Monongahela River. His prominence in the industry was due mainly to 
 his ability to settle incipient strikes — especially among the boys— the "carry- 
 ing in" boys. The strikes occurred periodically, notably about the time the 
 circus was due in the city, and the Colonel frequently adjusted a threatened 
 lockout with a stout stick applied to the backs of the "walking delegates." He 
 would shake his head almost off his shoulders, flinging out his heavy hair, and 
 make believe he was in a frame of mind to wipe them off the map. He often 
 laughed at the success of the scare, and seldom inflicted much actual 
 punishment. 
 
 He was connected with Lyon, Shorb & Co., iron manufacturers, and 
 afterward president of the Allegheny Valley Railroad, now the Buffalo & Alle- 
 gheny Valley division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. This position he occu- 
 pied at the time of his death, and it was due to his energy that the "Low Grade 
 Division," from Redbank to Driftwood on the Philadelphia & Erie Railroad, 
 was built. This road crosses the Allegheny Mountains at the lowest grade 
 known in railroading. 
 
 He was a member of City Council for many years, and quite prominent 
 in Republican politics, and was closely associated with Thomas Steel, City 
 Controller; also Controller Robert J. McGowan, two of the best controllers 
 the city ever had; also the present Controller, E. S. Morrow, then city clerk. 
 He was also the staunch friend of Mr. Daniel O'Neill and Mr. Alexander W. 
 Rook, who early in the sixties had purchased from the heirs of J. Heron Foster 
 the Pittsburgh Dispatch. He was the adviser and supporter of "Bob" Mackey, 
 Chris Magee, H. W. Oliver, Jr., John Torley, John Shipton, Dr. A. H. Gross 
 and many others. 
 
 He was a bachelor, genial, kind-hearted, fond of anecdote and of joking 
 with friends. 
 
 It is related that at the annual meetings of the railroad company he was 
 constantly reminded of the promised day of dividends, which unfortunately 
 never crystalized. On one occasion, when quizzed about dividends, he elo- 
 quently said : 
 
 "Gentlemen — I trust you will show more generosity and public spirit and 
 thought for the future. I am building up the railroad and arranging it so that 
 the dividends will be paid to my children." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 83 
 
 The late William K. Nimick started the laugh which the stockholders 
 caught up, when the Colonel looked around and to the representative of one 
 of the daily newspapers sitting next to him said: "Do you see anything to 
 laugh at?" 
 
 As the railroad developed there were numerous promotions from time to 
 time and also new offices created. But it was noticed that Thomas M. King, 
 the master of transportation, never got beyond that title or office. 
 
 In the Mayor's office one evening friends of Mr. King tackled Colonel 
 Phillips and demanded that he be put in the line of promotion at once. Rising 
 and drawing himself to his full height, he said: "Maybe you fellows know 
 how to run a paper and you fellows the Councils and the city ; but I think I know 
 how to run a railroad. Anyone with ordinary executive ability can fill an office 
 in the executive or accounting department, but it takes brains, sir, to operate 
 the road, to make the wheels go round, and Tom King suits me and will con- 
 tinue to move our trains as long as I am president of the company. But, boys, 
 don't forget that when it comes to the point of compensation, King, if he doesn't 
 lead the best paid official, is a close second." And Mr. King did stay with the 
 company until he voluntarily resigned and went with the Baltimore & Ohio Rail- 
 road, which he practically resurrected, and in recognition of valuable service 
 became its president. 
 
 HON. JOHN M. KIRKPATRICK 
 
 HON. JOHN M. KIRKPATRICK, who had been District Attorney, was 
 unusually severe on violators of the law, especially those whom he had 
 prosecuted before being elevated to the bench. On one occasion he sentenced 
 the Lees, father and son, to seven years for a felonious assault on Officer Geo. 
 Johnston, who had orders to raid old Philo Hall, on Fourth avenue, of 
 which they were the proprietors. In commenting on this, he said: "I had 
 pleasure in imposing the sentence and only wish I could have made it seven- 
 teen years." 
 
 The Judge went abroad and on his return lectured on the Old Country. 
 He told many laughable incidents, and one on himself that at first did not give 
 rise to a disposition to laugh. One evening, in a famous concert garden in 
 Germany, he suddenly came under the notice of several heads of families 
 seated at tables enjoying their "stein." They raised their glasses, the Judge 
 responded, and several times the courtesy was repeated. 
 
 A short time later ushers deposited a basket full of checks on his table to 
 be paid at the cashier's desk. 
 
 The Judge was agitated, but directed the usher to gather up the checks 
 and accompany him to the cashier. He did so. There were 106 checks, and 
 the cashier remarked, "$1.06." He had never had so much fun in all of his life 
 for $1.06. 
 
84 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 BARTLEY T. CAMPBELL. 
 
 BARTLEY CAMPBELL, when not on the stump making the most wild- 
 eyed Democratic campaign speeches, was writing for some of the papers, 
 not only news items but stories, and "Almost Lost" was soon followed by 
 "Peril," "Through Fire/ etc., etc. 
 
 In one of his news articles he libeled a clairvoyant in Allegheny City, and 
 he spent a few days with his friend, the warden of the jail. This was capital- 
 ized to the limit and his genius was directed in the way of play writing. And 
 there were so many of them that I cannot recall their order. "The Galley 
 Slave," "The White Slave," "Through Fire," "My Partner," etc. The latter was 
 perhaps the best he ever wrote. 
 
 Asked one day if he had a villa at Bar Harbor, he replied, "Nay." "A 
 yacht at Cape May ?" "Nay. No, sir — naught of these ; they will do for the 
 fellows in the plays, but I'm salting down my gains in government bonds." 
 
 He was genial, courteous, kind-hearted, generous, and was a most pro- 
 digious writer. He could think a story or play and grind it out almost in a 
 night. He was never known to be in a bad humor and was a universal favor- 
 ite. He was unattractive in appearance, but made up for all shortcomings 
 by his charming disposition. 
 
 JAMES MILLS. 
 
 MR. JAMES MILLS was regarded as the best general editorial writer on 
 politics in Pittsburgh. His only rival was Mr. Daniel O'Neil, of the 
 Dispatch, and with him in local politics only did he lead. Mills' knowledge of 
 State politics was where he shone. 
 
 He reported the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention of 1873 for the 
 Commercial Gazette, and it was conceded to be the best report published in 
 the State. 
 
 He was afterwards political editor of the Post, a position he held until the 
 close of his life. 
 
 He was the soul of honor and a staunch friend. 
 
 JAMES B. SAFFORD. 
 
 ON OCTOBER 1, 1918, Mr. James B. Safford, after 26 years service as 
 Superintendent of the P., C. & Y. R. R., retired — a veteran of 70 years, 
 entitled to a well-earned rest and pension. Mr. Safford spent the whole of his 
 life in railroading, except for the period of the Civil War, when, like many 
 other brave fellows of the day, he answered his country's call, and remained 
 in service until the close of the war. 
 
 Mr. Safford lives at Crafton, is well preserved for the "3 Score and 10 
 Club," a good story teller, genial companion and solid, substantial citizen, 
 interested in every movement for the welfare of his fellow man and country. 
 I was quite delighted to have him "sit with me by the fire." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 85 
 
 HON. M. CLYDE KELLY. 
 
 THERE was a day when the name Clyde Kelly was as familiar on the foot- 
 ball fields of Ohio and Pennsylvania as it is in the realm of politics 
 today. Almost 20 years ago little Muskingum College, New Concord, Ohio, 
 where hundreds of Pittsburghers have been educated, had "Kelly Back" as a 
 play which was certain to start trouble for the enemy in any gridiron contest. 
 
 I was talking the other day to a minister who graduated from little Mus- 
 kingum College. He told me that "Kelly Back" was a call which he would 
 remember always. 
 
 "When that signal came in one of our football games," he said, "there was 
 no attempt at secrecy by mumbled signals. Every player on the other side 
 knew that Clyde Kelly was going to carry the ball in a straight line plunge. 
 The lithe youngster in the line, without a single protecting device on him, 
 would drop back in front of the fullback. 
 
 "Immediately the ball would be snapped back into his hands, and with 
 head down and comrades at his side he would hit the line with the force of a 
 cannon ball. Very seldom did the opposing line fail to crumble and very 
 seldom did Kelly fail to lay the ball down some yards nearer the enemy's line. 
 
 "I have seen opposing players attempt to disable him by kicking his 
 brown head with mailed shoes, and dropping with stiffened knee on his back, 
 but he always seemed to have a charmed existence and after each scrimmage 
 would emerge with the Kelly smile on his face." 
 
 That has been Clyde Kelly's favorite tactics from that day to this. Into 
 many a stone wall of political opposition he has gone without protection, 
 without money, and risking everything he had on the issue. He bares his 
 head and receives all the blows the enemy can give. And that forward plunge 
 has never failed to bring comrades to his side, and it has put many an oppo- 
 nent out of the game. 
 
 He seems to have delighted in tackling the thing called impossible. At 
 the age of 16 he was successfully teaching a country school from which a 
 veteran pedagogue had been forcibly ejected by his pupils. He was a news- 
 paper publisher at 20. He was the youngest member of the Pennsylvania 
 Legislature when elected to that body and the youngest Member of Congress 
 when he first went to Washington. He was the first Member of Congress to 
 be made a member of the powerful Rules Committee in his first term. 
 
 He went to France this summer to see "his boys" from his district in 
 action "over there." When he found the boys of the old Eighteenth, Pitts- 
 burgh's regiment, were in the front line, facing the Germans, he insisted on 
 seeing them. A high officer told him it was impossible, that the boys were 
 under a hail of shells. "They are taking the chance and so will I," said Kelly, 
 and he walked for a mile along a road riddled by German artillery in order to 
 say a word of good cheer to hundreds of Pittsburgh boys in the front trenches. 
 
86 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 GEORGE S. OLIVER. 
 
 PRESIDENT GEORGE S. OLIVER, of the Pittsburgh Chamber of Com- 
 merce, had occasion to introduce Hon. M. Clyde Kelly, Congressman, who 
 was to talk at the noonday luncheon on his visit to the boys of Pittsburgh on the 
 firing line in France. A large crowd had assembled to hear the eloquent and 
 patriotic Kelly and Mr. Oliver made a most telling hit, when he said, "I have 
 pleasure in introducing to you my Congressman, the Hon. Clyde Kelly, who is 
 just home from the furthest front firing line in France, and who, had he been 
 permitted to reach Berlin, would have licked the Kaiser as bad as he licked the 
 Olivers." Enthusiastic applause greeted this sally, and another outburst followed 
 when Kelly gracefully acknowledged the compliment and cinched it by remarking 
 that Mr. Oliver had stated what was the truth. Kelly's name in the Pennsylvania 
 Legislature was used in derision ; Kelly in Congress has crowded audiences when- 
 ever he speaks. Mr. Oliver may be classed with Hon. Albert Beveridge, when, 
 after the applause and cheers lasting 57 minutes, upon the nomination of Theodore 
 Roosevelt in 1912 for President, he made the speech of his life. Pointing to Mr. 
 Roosevelt, he said: "The man and the hour," and 17 minutes more of uproarious 
 applause and cheers followed before Colonel Roosevelt could proceed. 
 
 •GUS" BRAUN. 
 
 HEAR "Gus" Braun, one time Chief of Police of Pittsburgh, rehearse his 
 efforts to remove the Italian peanut stands from the streets, under the 
 provisions of an ordinance absolutely firing them off the map. "Gus" unre- 
 lentingly enforced that ordinance. It wasn't strange that the enemy respond- 
 ed. Here was their slogan: 
 
 Stand ! The grounds you own, my braves ; 
 
 Will ye yield to Councilmanic Knaves? 
 
 Will ye go to work — be slaves — 
 
 While the Starry Banner waves? 
 
 From the Mayor's office on they come, 
 
 And will ye quail? 
 
 Peanut bullets and orange hail 
 
 Let their welcome be. 
 But the nuisance was abated and not one in a hundred has since obstructed 
 the sidewalks and street corners. The business is now carried on mostly in 
 stores, for which the highest rentals are paid. 
 
 A WELL FOUNDED COMPLAINT. 
 
 A MAN who purchased a farm from a Pittsburgh real estate dealer re- 
 turned in a few days with the complaint that the bottom of the water well 
 had fallen out. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 87 
 
 REV. JOSEPH M. DUFF. 
 
 DR. DUFF, "who came and sat with me by the fire," has the distinction of 
 filling one of the longest pastorates in Western Pennsylvania, having 
 occupied the pulpit of the First Presbyterian Church of Carnegie for over 38 
 years. Not only has he had a most successful pastorate, but he has ever been 
 a power in the Presbytery, and foremost in every work for the welfare not 
 of Carnegie, but the whole of the county. He is beloved by all who know him 
 without regard to denomination. 
 
 THOMAS A. ROWLEY. 
 
 COL. THOMAS A. ROWLEY'S regiment in the Civil War was almost if 
 not entirely composed of Pittsburgh boys. One of them wrote a song 
 which they all learned to sing before they left for the front — by that I mean, 
 for the firing line. Many of the soldier boys of that day were in the thick of 
 the fight less than thirty days after enlistment. 
 
 I recall one of the verses of the song referred to : 
 
 For I was born in Pittsburgh town, 
 
 And knew not death nor danger 
 Till Colonel Rowley listed me 
 
 To join his winter rangers. 
 He dressed me up in finest togs, 
 And treated me most kindly; 
 But oh ! this heart of mine did ache 
 For the girl I left behind me. 
 
 GEORGE M. ALEXANDER. 
 
 GEORGE M. ALEXANDER, one of the most popular passenger conduc- 
 tors of the P. R. R., retired exactly on the date when he had served 20 
 years without an accident. Superintendent Pitcairn insisted one more trip to 
 Altoona and return was necessary to complete 20 years, but the genial George 
 figured otherwise. Mr. Pitcairn commended him, and he engaged in the fire 
 insurance business thereafter. 
 
 Alexander for a long time was conductor of the popular "Fast Line," 
 which left Union Station at 9:10 p. m. He knew all the politicians, National, 
 State and Local, leading railroad officers and newspaper men. One night, 
 shortly before the train left, a bet was offered in the Union Station that there 
 would be 50 "dead-heads," or passes, on the train, and Alexander was tipped 
 off to report the record, and a newspaper man won out, 51 passes having been 
 the harvest that night. 
 
 This recalls the banquet given to James McC. Creighton, the popular 
 General Agent at Pittsburgh in the days when passes were liberally distrib- 
 uted. Mr. Creighton was appointed to a higher office, with headquarters in 
 Philadelphia, and his many friends joined in a farewell dinner. One of the 
 speakers, who called him James McGlinton Greighton, shed tears as he said : 
 "We will all miss him here, and especially when we have to go to the ticket 
 office and buy our ticket, instead of getting our hats chalked." 
 
88 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 ANDREW CARNEGIE. 
 
 ANDREW CARNEGIE quietly but richly enjoyed reference to a letter he 
 had received from Mark Twain, shortly after the steelmaster had em- 
 barked in the "book foundry" business — the establishment of his libraries. Twain 
 had lost a small hymn book which his mother had given him when a little boy 
 and he asked Mr.Carnegie if he would kindly replace it. He also added that it 
 would not require an expenditure of more than a dollar and a half. But it was 
 the postscript which most amused the genial Scotchman. Here it is : 
 
 "P. S.— Don't send the book. Send the $1.50." 
 
 Wm. R. Jones was one of the most successful steelmakers of his time and 
 was relied upon for the success of the Edgar Thomson steel works at Braddock. 
 Everybody liked Billy— he had a superb baseball club of his workmen which 
 fought some spirited battles with the old Allegheny, Forest City and other 
 clubs in the early days of the game in Pittsburgh. He was also a most devoted 
 friend of Mr. Andrew Carnegie and his brother, Thomas M. Carnegie. 
 
 Mr. Andrew Carnegie could not remain long in Pittsburg on account of the 
 climate, and as soon as he could conclude his munificent foundation schemes he 
 would hie himself to Skibo Castle, in Scotland. 
 
 Captain Jones told friends of a parting with Mr. Carnegie in New York, 
 when the following colloquy occurred: 
 
 Mr. Carnegie — Captain Jones, I am the most delighted man in the world 
 when I am safely at sea on my way to Scotland. 
 
 Captain Jones — And there are a lot of people, Mr. Carnegie, a d sight 
 
 more delighted than you when they are assured you are safe beyond the sea. 
 
 The laughter continued quite a while after the departure. 
 
 John Brashear, a close friend of Mr. Carnegie, one day asked him if he still 
 wished to die poor? "Assuredly so, Brashear," was the reply. Then John was 
 somewhat nonplussed and embarrassed. 
 
 Finally Mr. Carnegie said : "Don't you think I am doing pretty well, John ?" 
 
 Brashear, who had just read of some of the steel dividends, answered: 
 "Well, yes, but you can 'speed up' a little more without danger." 
 
 NATHANIEL P. SAWYER. 
 
 WHEN Andrew Johnson succeeded to the Presidency of the United 
 States, Mr. Sawyer brought out a small daily morning Democratic 
 paper, the Republic, in opposition to the Post, the only Democratic daily in 
 Western Pennsylvania, the Republic being in hearty accord with Johnson. 
 Stephen Mercer was Business Manager and George W. Leonard City Editor. 
 The paper was short lived, but enabled Mr. Sawyer to control a large part of 
 the federal patronage until the Johnson reign was terminated. The paper did 
 not make any money, but in its brief life called forth fireworks from the editorial 
 columns of the Post, which were paid in more than kind in the Republic. 
 
 Mr. Sawyer was a successful business man, a staunch Democrat and a 
 substantial friend, but many of his former admirers broke with him when he 
 espoused the cause of Andrew Johnson. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 89 
 
 ROBERT D. ELWOOD. 
 
 ROBERT D. ELWOOD, of Verona, did not earn the title of "captain" in 
 honor of nearly four years of service in the Civil War — but by "real effort" 
 as captain of a Pennsylvania canal boat running between Blairsville and Pitts- 
 burgh. When he took charge of the boat he was just 19 years old. He found 
 on board two other men who claimed to be captain and in order to show them 
 three captains were too many for a little canal boat he bought it and became 
 "really captain." And he has the title yet — more than 60 years. 
 
 On one occasion "deckhands" helped themselves to a lot of plug tobacco 
 shipped from Pittsburgh to a dealer in Blairsville. He braced "Stump" and 
 asked him why he had taken the tobacco, but had no evidence against him. 
 "Stump" said "he didn't take it all," and gave the names of the culprits. On 
 pay day there was a big drop in their wages on account of the deduction for the 
 tobacco. "Stump" threatened to mutiny, but the captain quieted him by telling 
 him the next time he raided a tobacco consignment he should ascertain in ad- 
 vance the market price of "plug tobacco." 
 
 Captain Elwood was always fond of horses, also hunting and fishing, and 
 in his dealings with men credited without reserve, "hunters and fishers with 
 truthful records." 
 
 A customer owed the captain over $100 and Jeff Elwood, a son, offered 
 to take on account a horse, bargaining for him at about $55.00. The captain 
 went and looked the horse over, closed the purchase and on the grounds that it 
 was more than he expected to realize, closed out the account entirely, thus paying 
 twice the price for the horse. 
 
 Captain Elwood's entry into the Civil War came about in this wise: His 
 patriotic little mother, picking up the town paper, noted that the son of so and so 
 had enlisted. She said: "Robert, there's a patriotic, brave boy gone to be a 
 soldier for his country." 
 
 Robert — "Mother, do you think he is a brave, noble boy?" "Yes," was the 
 answer. 
 
 Robert — "Well, mother, there is another noble and brave boy in town." And 
 off he went to the recruiting office. And there was not a prouder mother in 
 the crowd that waved good-bye to the soldier boys in a few days than his 
 patriotic little mother. She never shed a tear, but waved to him until he could 
 no longer see her. 
 
 Three years and four months later he was quite proud as he stood before 
 her in the new uniform of the 78th P. V. She said to him : "Robert, get me a 
 bucket of water." "Let Jeff get you the water," said the captain. Mother — "If 
 I had wanted Jeff to get the water I would have asked him," and with that the 
 brave soldier, still obedient to command, procured the bucket of water. 
 
90 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 JOHN N. NEEB. 
 
 JOHN NICHOLAS NEEB was the Managing Editor of the Freiheits 
 Freund, the only Republican paper published in Pittsburgh in the Ger- 
 man language, and his popularity landed him in the Pennsylvania State Sen- 
 ate. He was genial, energetic, a most capable newspaper man, and therefore 
 a good legislator. 
 
 On one occasion while in the Legislature he was presented with a gold- 
 headed cane by admiring friends. And thereby hangs a tale. The presenta- 
 tion took place at the Press Club headquarters on Sixth avenue, at I p. m., and 
 the gentleman who made the presentation speech "spread himself." The Sen- 
 ator made a very witty and timely response, as he had about as much use for a 
 cane as for a threshing machine. But at 2 p. m. the same day another promi- 
 nent newspaper man arrived, and under the applause of quite a crowd, pre- 
 sented the cane for the second time. At 3 p. m. a third "spell-binder," by pre- 
 vious arrangement with the committee, came in and again presented the cane 
 — the fourth and last presentation occurring an hour later. 
 
 While in the Pennsylvania Senate, Mr. Harry A. Neeb occupied the posi- 
 tion of editor of the paper, and it may be said that the Senator and Mr. Harry 
 Neeb furnished the most up-to-date newspaper ever published in Western 
 Pennsylvania. Mr. Harry Neeb is still President of the company publishing 
 the Volksblatt-Freiheits Freund, the editorial and business management of 
 which is under the capable management of Louis and Isaac Hirsch. 
 
 OLIVER S. HERSHMAN. 
 
 FROM office boy on the Evening Telegraph, established in 1873, to the 
 ownership of the Pittsburgh Press, as memory's milestones recalled 
 Oliver S. Hershman. "Ollie" was the best boy that ever sat behind the busi- 
 ness counter of a newspaper office, courteous, obliging, punctual, honest, and 
 every duty imposed upon him was discharged with fidelity. When he ab- 
 sorbed the Telegraph and Chronicle, he decided to take along the old Chronicle 
 contingent, hence he associated with him Mr. Joseph G. Siebeneck, whose 
 stock gave him absolute control. When Senator Oliver purchased the paper 
 from Mr. Hershman he at once secured the Press, which had been established 
 by Col. Thomas M. Bayne, Thomas J. Keenan, Charles W. Houston, John S. 
 Ritenour and others, and it was under his remarkable management that the 
 Press attained its wonderful circulation and influence. But those who watched 
 this orphaned lad "grow" envied not his success, but they rather rejoice that by 
 "sheer merit" he won his way to his present influence and power. Colonel 
 Hershman is wont to say the author of this volume was his "boss" — but to his 
 credit be it said he never needed a "boss." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 91 
 
 HON. EDWIN H. STOWE. 
 
 HON. JUDGE EDWIN H. STOWE was among the greatest of students, 
 and spent many hours in the law library when engaged in the trial of 
 important causes. He was stern and severe, but in sentencing to death the old 
 colored man, Louis Lane, for the murder by arsenical poisoning of his wife, 
 tears rolled over his face and he almost collapsed. 
 
 It recalls another occasion when his indignation was as great as his sym- 
 pathy on this occasion, and after consultation with him, I published the inci- 
 dent as a warning. He was about to impose sentence upon an offender who 
 deserved punishment, and it was noticed he was greatly agitated. The pris- 
 oner answered he had nothing to say, and the Judge said : "Well, I have, and 
 it is this: I am in receipt of a letter from one who signs himself a 'brother 
 fraternity man,' asking for leniency for this prisoner. I wish to say I may be, 
 therefore, a little more severe than I might otherwise have been, but if I could 
 discover the author of the letter and could reach him I would make an example 
 of him." 
 
 JAMES BLACKMORE, 
 
 MAYOR of Pittsburgh, "sat by the fire with me," and told how the city got 
 rid of the organ grinder nuisance. The mayor lived on the (then) 
 fashionable Wylie avenue, near Logan street, and got a surfeit of the dulcet 
 strains of the grinder, especially at night, when he would 
 
 "Hear the sweet voice of the Roman, which the night winds repeat as they 
 
 roam; 
 The clock in the steeple strikes thirteen, ere the minstrel returns to his home." 
 
 So it was decreed they should go, but that did not mean they went with- 
 out a contest. 
 
 It was urged for them that they had given us many gems of song, of 
 which I need but mention a few — "Yankee Doodle," "Star Spangled Banner," 
 "Bob Ridley," "Old Folks at Home," "Daisy Dean," "Kathleen Mavourneen," 
 "The Harp That Once Through Tara's Halls," "Tim Finnegan's Wake," 
 "Lanagan's Ball," "The Flowers That Bloom in the Spring," and "What Will 
 the Robin Do Then, Poor Thing?" 
 
 The organ grinders did not produce music by rote, or note, or air, but by 
 "wear and tear," and a great deal of it, too, wearing out organs and tearing 
 into shreds the patience of listeners wherever the gentle zephyrs wafted the 
 discordant strains. Give them a start and at once they were metamorphosed 
 into a buzz saw mill that could be subdued only by an explosion of dynamite. 
 They grind and grind, reminding one that the mills of the organist grind 
 slowly, but they grind exceedingly long, and relief only was secured by refusal 
 to reward the portable calliope. 
 
 The present generation has but a faint idea of this intolerable nuisance of 
 50 years ago. 
 
92 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 HON. H. B. SWOOPE. 
 
 A TERROR in Court was the former Federal Attorney at Pittsburgh, H. 
 Bucher Swoope, of Clearfield County. He was hated by fellow attor- 
 neys, and feared by criminals, even putting a judge in proper place, and he also 
 became a thief taker. 
 
 Mr. Swoope was unrelenting in his prosecution of criminals. He pursued 
 them mercilessly and seemed to take a fiendish delight in their conviction. 
 His answers to voluminous harsh criticisms invariably were that he was not 
 responsible for the rigorousness of the United States laws; but it was his duty 
 to see that they were strictly enforced ; to convict and insist on the maximum 
 sentence of the law, demanding as part of the sentence, if he saw fit, prison 
 punishment. Many of the attorneys then practicing in Pittsburgh called him 
 a persecutor — instead of a prosecutor — but he seemed to revel in his record of 
 criminal trials, because of the exceedingly few cases where the alleged crimi- 
 nal had escaped, except where Mr. Swoope side-tracked "judgment day.'" 
 
 He would emphasize his determination to rigidly enforce the laws, when 
 called to account, by profanity which was so eloquent as to really be robbed 
 of its harshness. 
 
 Most of his cases were tried by His Honor, Judge Wilson McCandless ; 
 but on one occasion His Honor, Judge William McKennan, of Washington 
 County, was on the bench, and there was a wordy wrangle between Mr. 
 Swoope and counsel in a case, where every effort of the defense to appeal to 
 the sympathy of the sleuth of the government had been unavailing. Finally, 
 in answer to a deep thrust at the vindictiveness of the United States Attorney, 
 Mr. Swoope said every man in prison on his motion deserved all he got. The 
 remark angered the Judge. Court had adjourned and there was no one pres- 
 ent but the Judge, Mr. Swoope, the clerk, Stephen C. McCandless and the 
 representative of one of the city papers. The Court and attorney were still 
 quite warm and suddenly the Judge said : 
 
 "There are men now in the penitentiary who would not be there if I had 
 been on the bench." 
 
 Whirling around suddenly Mr. Swoope approached the bench, pounded it 
 with his fist and repeating the language demanded to know if that was what 
 had been said. 
 
 Judge McKennan tried to pacify the attorney without success, and leav- 
 ing the bench retired to his private rooms. Mr. Swoope followed and the open 
 transom over the door to the Judge's chamber disclosed "a hot old time." 
 
 Suffice it to say that Mr. Swoope satisfied the Judge that he had made a 
 mistake — that if displeased with his course, complaint should be made to the 
 Attorney General of the United States ; that the United States Attorney was 
 a co-ordinate branch of the United States Government and not an officer of 
 the District Court in that he was under the direction or control of the Judge. 
 And, furthermore, that he had decided he was amenable only to the Attorney 
 General of the United States, and that ended it. 
 
 Next day the storm had passed, and both attorney and Judge were in good 
 humor, and in the open court mutual apologies were offered. Mr. Swoope 
 took occasion to analyze some of the criminal laws of the United States in 
 
FAMILIAR FACES 
 
 ♦WILSON McCANDLESS 
 
 JUDGE OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 
 FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENN- 
 SYLVANIA, 18^9-1876. 
 
 *WILLIAM W. McKENNAN 
 
 JUDGE OF THE UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT 
 OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 *JAMES PATTERSON STERRETT 
 
 CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 *EDWIN M. STANTON 
 secretary of war. 
 president Lincoln's cabinet. 
 
 ♦Deceased. 
 
FAMILIAR FACES 
 
 WILLIAM FLINN 
 
 STATE SENATOR; CHAIRMAN BOOTH & FLINN, 
 LIMITED, BANKER AND CAPITALIST. 
 
 *CHRISTOPHER LYMAN MAGEE 
 
 STATE SENATOR; BANKER AND CAPITALIST. 
 
 *ROBERT W. MACKEY 
 
 STATE TREASURER, 1873. 
 ALLEGHENY NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 ♦JAMES S. McKEAN 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNION TRUST COMPANY. 
 1896. 
 
 *Deceased. 
 
pjl MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 93 
 
 order to show their severity. He followed by explaining that after convic- 
 tion, motions for judgment were entirely in his discretion, subject to the 
 approval of the Attorney General, and the Court could not direct him to pre- 
 sent anyone for sentence until he was ready to do so, when he would so paint 
 the prisoner as to secure a salty sentence. 
 
 Judge McKennan said under the laws then existing he was satisfied that 
 the attorney was a co-ordinate branch of the government, vested with most 
 extraordinary power, and that his caustic remarks of the day before would not 
 have been made had the Court been more fully acquainted with the powers 
 and duties of the attorney. And thereafter they were the best of friends. 
 
 While attorneys hated and criminals feared him and the public generally 
 believed him to be without heart, those who were intimately acquainted with 
 Mr. Swoope found in him a few traits at least greatly to be admired. 
 
 For instance, after he had secured the conviction of a young fellow who, 
 when school was not in session, loafed about the postofnce in an adjoining 
 county, and robbed it, a most remarkable display of his power was shown. 
 The uncle of the lad was the postmaster — most respected and highly 
 esteemed. The postofnce robberies were mortifying, indeed, for the uncle 
 never dreamed that his nephew was the thief, and consequently the lad had 
 the entire freedom of the postofnce. But Swoope convicted him, notwith- 
 standing there was very little direct evidence of guilt, and everybody inter- 
 ested believed he would be acquitted. 
 
 Pending sentence the mother of the lad, a bright fellow, was laid low with 
 an illness brought on by the sad misfortune to her boy. Swoope heard of it, 
 and going up to the jail released and accompanied him on a visit to his mother. 
 The meeting was a sad — most pathetic — one and the mother, tearfully and 
 with an almost broken heart, thanked Mr. Swoope for his kindness and fore- 
 thought. Suddenly he said to her : "Suppose I leave your boy with you for 
 awhile. Will you promise that he will come to me when I send for him?" She 
 so promised. And then to the boy : "Will you do what your mother prom- 
 ises ?" And the sobbing boy answered, "Yes." 
 
 He hurriedly withdrew from the home, returned to Pittsburgh, and evi- 
 dently with the consent of the Attorney General, forgot to "move for judg- 
 ment," as he never sent for the boy. 
 
 On the other hand, when he got his hands upon a supposed criminal he 
 rarely escaped if he made up his mind he would get him. Mail robberies 
 between Harrisburg and Pittsburgh had utterly baffled the authorities, and in 
 their extremity the postoffice inspectors turned to Mr. Swoope. He became 
 inspector and detective, but despite his remarkable ability he despaired of 
 capturing the offender. One day the chief mail agent on the Harrisburg- 
 Pittsburgh run came to him ; said he was aware that the crews on the postal 
 cars were all under surveillance on account of robberies, and proposed that if 
 he be taken into the confidence of Mr. Swoope the thief could not much longer 
 evade detection and arrest. 
 
 Well, the scheme worked smoothly, but the thefts continued without 
 locating the thief. 
 
94 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 One day Mr. Swoope went to the old Union Depot Hotel, accompanied by 
 a deputy United States marshal and a friend, and on the arrival of the sus- 
 pected train from Harrisburg, about 2 p. m., had the deputy marshal accost the 
 chief postal agent and bid him meet Mr. Swoope in the parlor of the hotel, on 
 the second floor. Mr. Swoope, with much agitation, said to his friend, "I may 
 be mistaken, but I am going to end the investigation of these robberies today, 
 successfully, or return the case to the inspectors." 
 
 By this time the deputy marshal and the postal chief were in the parlor. 
 Swoope fastened his piercing black eyes upon the man and then, slowly and 
 
 deliberately, said : "B , I have discovered that you are the thief. You are 
 
 under arrest." 
 
 Instantly a shudder went through the entire frame of the fine-looking 
 fellow ; he paled in face ; his lips quailed, and like a big, blubbering schoolboy, 
 he confessed to the crime. 
 
 His adroitness in the thefts had completely baffled the inspectors. He had 
 outwitted Swoope also, who, without a scintilla of evidence against him, put 
 up his bold bluff, as a last resort. He explained as his reason for this final 
 chapter of the chase that the very day on which he came and voluntarily 
 offered his services to Mr. Swoope to catch the thief, Swoope had decided in 
 his own mind that the thief was talking to him. And upon this theory he 
 worked; but at every step almost the trail was lost, and had the bluff failed, 
 detection may not have followed. 
 
 The agent had been on the postal cars for a long time and had a good 
 record. He pleaded guilty and was sent to the penitentiary. 
 
 MARSHALL SWARTZWELDER. 
 
 THIS eminent criminal lawyer told a good story on Mayor Wm. C. Mc- 
 Carthy, for whom he acted as counsel. The Mayor had refused to do a 
 certain thing in the matter of a criminal prosecution, and afterwards seemed 
 to doubt the rightfulness of the decision. He thereupon referred it to his 
 counsel, who courteously informed him he had erred, and results from the 
 wrong action might possibly ensue. 
 
 The Mayor glanced significantly at his counsel, whistled fragments of 
 some old tune, and then said : 
 
 "Well, Swartz, that's where you and I differ." 
 
 Mr. Swartzwelder was somewhat of a humorist and told this story of a 
 collision on Fifth avenue between two men. Whether accidental or other- 
 wise, one was knocked clear over the curb into the street. Looking at the 
 obstruction, he said, "You might at least offer an apology." Said the other, 
 "What is your name?" "John Smith," was the response. "John Smith is a 
 generic term ; it may mean a horse or a cow. Good day, sir." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 95 
 
 STEPHEN C. FOSTER. 
 
 THIS world famous musical composer and song writer was a Pittsburgh 
 product, born on the 4th day of July, 1823. His brother, Morrison 
 Foster, had all of his musical compositions from his first effort, the "Tioga 
 Waltz," and in 1896 the author of this volume published "The Biography and 
 Songs" of this remarkable man — a volume including music plates of over 300 
 pages — double the size the publisher counted on. 
 
 Pittsburgh's purchase of the Old Homestead for a Foster Memorial 
 brought him to me as I "sat by the fire," and the story of his life is most interest- 
 ing. But the latest unpublished matter of interest in his life is appended. 
 
 The Suwanee River. 
 
 A traveling gentleman, who discovered that the Suwanee River empties 
 into the Gulf of Mexico, fourteen miles from Cedar Keys, thus refers to it, in 
 connection with the Foster Memorial in Pittsburgh : 
 
 "It is strange that with all the sentiment that for generations the song, 
 'The Old Folks at Home,' has created about the Suwanee River, it is a neg- 
 lected attraction, and as I have since discovered, one that the world at large 
 does not know that Florida possesses. Famous the world over as the Suwanee 
 River is, I found only one person in fifty that I asked about it on a trip to 
 Washington, Baltimore, Pittsburgh and New York who knew where it is. 
 Many that I questioned are Southern men high in official life in Washington. 
 
 "'The Old Folks at Home/ "Way Down Upon the Swanee RibBer/ 
 next to 'Home, Sweet Home,' has set more heart-strings throbbing than any 
 other song in the world. It has been heard by every man, woman and child in 
 the United States. There is no one who has heard the song who has not felt a 
 desire to see the Suwanee River. Many thousands of the hundreds of thousands 
 of tourists who visit Florida every year would take a boat ride upon the Suwanee 
 River if there were accommodations for tourists on the river. 
 
 "Stephen C. Foster, the author of 'The Old Folks at Home,' has done 
 more to perpetuate the melodies of the South in the songs of the Nation than 
 anyone else. 
 
 "While in Pittsburgh I took occasion to call upon Mr. Percy F. Smith, 
 who was a personal friend of Morrison Foster, a brother, and who published 
 the 'Biography and Songs of Stephen C. Foster.' Very few copies of the Book 
 are in existence. I had the pleasure of reading one in the library at Washing- 
 ton, D. C. 
 
 "It would be a fitting thing for Florida to pay a deserving tribute to the 
 man who made the Suwanee River famous; but more than all the man who 
 has written so many Southern melodies and preserved for future generations 
 so much of the charm and the poetry of the old South. A state park or a 
 highway along the Suwanee River, with 'the old log cabin in the bushes/ to be 
 known as the Stephen C. Foster park or highway, would be one of the most 
 fitting ways in which to commemorate the author. Such a memorial would be 
 more lasting than brass or marble and in keeping with the spirit of the man 
 who drew his inspiration from nature and the 'old folks at home.' " 
 
 Mr. Ezra P. Young, of Edgeworth adds this on the memorable river: 
 "There should also be something where the Sea Board Air Line crosses the 
 river at Ellaville, Fla., to show how it has been immortalized by Foster. I have 
 
96 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 crossed this river 14 times in an auto coming and going from Pennsylvania to 
 Dunedin, Fla. The new York and Jacksonville highway also crosses it on an iron 
 bridge at this same locality. We have taken kodaks of it, and stopped long 
 enough to sing the melody, "Old Folks at Home." The river is a fine body of 
 water, navigable for good sized boats. 
 
 "Just above the crossing, in plain sight, is the Withlacooche river, which 
 takes its rise in Georgia. The tropical foliage fringing the banks of both 
 streams down to the waters edge make it a charming picture. A monument 
 here to Foster would be the right thing and add much to the interest of the 
 place." 
 
 J. R. WELDIN. 
 
 IT is the natural habit of the average mind to associate a living individual per- 
 sonality with a business house carrying such a name as that of J. R. Weldin 
 & Co. But how many Pittsburghers are there who remember Mr. J. R. Weldin, 
 who always wore a silk hat, and old style stock collar and neckcloth, with coat of 
 long bifurcated skirt? Such apparel is very rare now. Mr. Weldin's name is 
 still first in the title of the well-known book store on Wood street, where it has 
 always been located, but Mr. Weldin died as long ago as 1872, twenty years after 
 taking into his concern as office boy, at the age of 14, his nephew, the late H. Lee 
 Mason, who made his home with his uncle on Ross street. 
 
 Mr. Mason developed into a notably successful business man through his 
 careful and successful enterprise, and his faculty for accumulating strong and 
 enduring friendships. He greatly enlarged the scope of the firm's operations. 
 But the firm name has never been changed, being still retained by his son, H. Lee 
 Mason, Jr., who carries on the business with the full measure of success with 
 which it has always been attended. The senior Mr. Mason died in 1912. 
 
 Mr. Weldin was a man of some peculiarities, of course, like other unusual 
 characters, and one of these, as told by Mr. Mason, was shown in the trouble 
 he often caused by doing one thing while thinking of another. Frequently on 
 frosty winter mornings on entering the store he would go to the big barrel 
 stove and give the fire a vigorous shake-up — so energetic as to dump all the hot 
 coals into the ash pan. Promptly he would go to the nearby office of a banker 
 with whom he was on friendly terms, where he would stay until sure that young 
 Lee Mason or somebody else in the store had renewed the fire and restored a 
 sense of warmth. 
 
 Mr. Weldin and Mr. Mason will always live in memories of the bookstore 
 lore and life of Pittsburgh, along with Dr. Smythe, Jim Hartzell, John Pittock, 
 Henry Miner, Tony Lewis, James M. Wilkinson, Wm. Read, Jno. B. Dorring- 
 ton, Samuel B. Davis, Alexander Mcllwaine, W. A. Gildenfenny, S. A. Clarke 
 & Co., R. S. Davis and others. 
 
 Mr. Mcllwaine was father-in-law of F. C. McGirr, the lawyer, and in his 
 day esteemed the finest Shakespearean scholar in this city. He conducted a book 
 auction room on the upper side of Smithfield street, a few doors north of Fifth 
 avenue, where the Mellon bank stands now, and it was the habit of many law- 
 yers, including men as learned and able as the late Tom Marshall, to visit these 
 auction rooms of evenings to listen to Mr. Mcllwaine's talks on books and authors. 
 McMcIlwaine died in 1875. 
 
FAMILIAR FACES 
 
 ALBERT JOHNSON LOGAN 
 
 A. J. LOGAN & CO., UPHOLSTERERS ; COL. I7TH 
 REGT., NATIONAL GUARD, PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 *ALBERT P. BURCHFIELD 
 
 JOSEPH HORNE COMPANY. 
 DRY GOODS. 
 
 ♦THOMAS M. KING 
 
 OF B. & 0. R. R. 
 
 *JOHN SULLIVAN SCULLY 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE DIAMOND NATIONAL 
 HANK, PITTSBURGH. 
 
 ''Deceased. 
 
FAMILIAR FACES 
 
 ♦WILLIAM PHILLIPS 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE ALLEGHENY VALLEY 
 RAILROAD. 
 
 *RICHARD REALF 
 
 EDITOR AND POET; AUTHOR HYMN OF 
 PITTSBURGH. 
 
 *JOHN W. PITTOCK 
 
 FOUNDER OF THE PITTSBURGH LEADER. 
 
 *ROBERT WOODS 
 
 ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, PITTSBURGH. 
 
 ♦Deceased. 
 
u 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 97 
 
 JAMES P. BARR AND THE POST. 
 
 NDER the able management of James P. Barr, the Post, the only Demo- 
 cratic daily in Western Pennsylvania, enjoyed a State and even a 
 National reputation, and with the exception of the Andrew Johnson adminis- 
 tration, Mr. Barr was one of the most prominent factors in Democratic poli- 
 tics. Gen. Geo. W. Cass, President of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago 
 Railway Company, Frank N. Hutchinson, and men of like caliber were among 
 the Democratic leaders with whom Mr. Barr's paper exerted a wide influence. 
 The paper was up-to-date in its news department, for years managed by Mr. 
 John S. Ritenour, and bristled with hot stuff in the editorial columns, as it was 
 reeled off by the Veteran editor, James Mills. 
 
 There is one funny incident in connection with the Post which a live wire 
 employed as a news reporter told. 
 
 A man had been arrested for an offense, against whom there was no 
 indictment or even an information. 
 
 His name was given, he sued for libel and was awarded nominal damages. 
 Counsel for the defense was told that if the word "alleged" had been used 
 there might have been a loophole of escape. The writer of the libelous article 
 was censured severely and warned about "safety first" in the use of the word 
 "alleged." 
 
 A few days afterward he wrote an item about a highway robbery on the 
 Monongahela wharf, in which he asserted "an alleged" man had robbed 
 Thomas O'Brien of his pocketbook. The proof reader passed it up and the 
 reporter walked the "gang plank." 
 
 Mr. Barr was a quiet, unobtrusive man, and a kind employer. He was full 
 of good humor. Complaints made by readers against a publication were most 
 diplomatically handled. He would assure the subscriber he could not stand 
 for uncalled-for comments, and on being confronted with the offending re- 
 porter, would explain that the best interests of the paper required his dis- 
 missal. An efficient reporter thus dealt with on one occasion took his hat and 
 retired ; but he did it most gracefully, as this was about the sixteenth time he 
 had been so fired. 
 
 The Hon. John M. Kirkpatrick, then District Attorney, was one of the 
 most radical of Republicans and made himself exceedingly obnoxious to Dem- 
 ocrats during the Civil War. 
 
 The Post took every occasion to score him and finally, when elected to the 
 bench, this editorial appeared : "Now that the Hon. John M. Kirkpatrick has 
 been elected Judge, we presume he will study law." 
 
 A PROBLEM IN ARITHMETIC 
 
 COUNTY Superintendent Hamilton propounded to a class of youngsters a 
 problem in arithmetic very simple indeed. He proposed 2 apples for Mary, 
 2 for Sarah and 2 for Julia. How many apples ? No reply, the mortified teacher 
 asked the superintendent to repeat the question, and clapping her hands, said 
 every one can answer. Still no response when little Edna raised her hand, was 
 recognized, and said: "Please, Mr. Superintendent, we do our examples in 
 potatoes." 
 
9 8 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 WILLIAM C. SMYTHE. 
 
 THE versatile "Billy" Smythe, manager of the Academy of Music, 
 newspaper reporter, lecturer, and cheap popular excursion manager — 
 who does not recall him, reinforced as he always was with the "smile that 
 would not come off"? But he will never be forgotten by those engaged in 
 educational affairs in 1876. Smythe conceived the idea of taking the school 
 children of Pittsburgh to the Centennial celebration at Philadelphia — the one 
 hundredth year of our Independence. He was laughed at, of course. But he 
 hammered the proposition through the Central Board of Education, and after 
 lengthy interviews satisfied the P. R. R. management it was practicable. The 
 rate per child was nominal — $3.00 — round trip, and the teachers were to be 
 included. 
 
 The day came; the citizens en masse supplied the children with cakes, 
 candies, milk, fruit, etc., and from Liberty street, speeding eastward, train 
 after train load departed. 
 
 David M. Boyd was General Passenger Agent of the Railroad Company, 
 and in person superintended the arrival and unloading of the trains at the 
 Centennial grounds in Philadelphia. 
 
 Mr. Smythe was in charge of the eleventh section, and on meeting with 
 Mr. Boyd was told there were 10 sections following. Twenty-one sections of 
 10 cars each — 210 car loads. 
 
 Mr. Boyd told Mr. Smythe it was the greatest undertaking in the history 
 of passenger traffic on the Pennsylvania Railroad ; but he doubted if it would 
 ever again be attempted. 
 
 The children swarmed through the Centennial buildings and grounds, had 
 a most wonderful and instructive outing, clung to Smythe and their teachers, 
 and were returned to Pittsburgh in the best of spirits without the slightest 
 mishap of any kind. 
 
 OLIVER T. BENNETT. 
 
 OLIVER T BENNETT was the first shorthand reporter employed on a 
 newspaper in Pittsburgh, the Commercial having secured his services. 
 He was a talented fellow, and not only furnished the most elaborate reports of 
 conventions and other great events, but could have been a court reporter had 
 he not preferred journalism. On the occasion of the observance of the first 
 Decoration Day- — Memorial Day- — in Pittsburgh young Bennett contested 
 with Bartley Campbell and other local, as well as outside poets for the prize 
 poem to be read on Decoration Day. R. Biddle Roberts, lawyer ; Hon. John 
 M. Kirkpatrick and one other prominent citizen was the committee to select 
 the winner, and Bennett was awarded the medal. I give only the opening 
 stanza, as the poem was quite lengthy: 
 
 "Half mast the flag and muffle the drum, 
 
 And march with a solemn tread. 
 An hour most sacred to freemen has come, 
 When with garlands we honor the dead." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 99 
 
 WILLIAM T. LINDSEY. 
 
 MR. WILLIAM T. LINDSEY was for many years Clerk of the United 
 States District Court at Pittsburgh. Widely known as the friend of 
 everybody, he was almost a brother to the author. He furnished me a poem 
 written when Rev. David K. Nesbitt, Rev. Maxwell Cornelius and Mr. Lind- 
 sey were at school, in Haysville, Ohio, but he declined to indicate which of the 
 trio was the author. So by general consent it was attributed to the "Syndicate." 
 The victim's best girl had jilted him and he sent her this anathema : 
 
 "In the Garden of Eden she met with a man, 
 And there, I believe, her first flirting began. 
 Adam was young — hadn't been much with the girls, 
 And was smit all at once with the young lady's curls. 
 She fondled around him and acted the dove, 
 Till she got the innocent creature in love ; 
 Then to be independent and make his heart ache, 
 She turned from her lover to talk to a snake. 
 And ever since then, when she fell from that level, 
 She'll quit any lover to talk to — well, anyone she chances to meet." 
 
 JOHN W. PITTOCK. 
 
 EVERYBODY knew "Johnny Pittock," the news dealer, stationer and pub- 
 lisher, better, perhaps, as the newsboy, whose special notoriety dated 
 with the publication of the Sunday Leader. His editors were James Mclver, 
 James Mills, C. E. Locke and others, and the only Sunday paper in Pittsburgh 
 was eagerly looked for and read with interest. 
 
 Bartley Campbell, the writer and afterwards the great playwright, con- 
 tributed a story, "Almost Lost," furnishing each chapter weekly — sometimes 
 not until Friday evening — and in the days when there were no Mergenthaler 
 linotypes. Pittock once laughingly said he was "almost lost" himself in get- 
 ting to the end of that story. 
 
 Pittock soon hitched up with R. P. Nevin & Sons, Col. John I., Jos. T. 
 and Theodore Nevin, and the Evening Leader made its appearance under the 
 name of Pittock, Nevin & Co. ,In later years it became the property of the 
 Nevins, until acquired by its present owner, Mr. A. P. Moore. 
 
 It at once made its way into popular favor, as it differed entirely from the 
 Chronicle and the Evening Gazette — it was distinctly Pittock & Nevin — the 
 first having an eye to business, and the Nevins furnishing the best obtainable 
 writing talent. 
 
 It was fearless. Pittock had already been in a libel suit, which had ended 
 in his vindication, his counsel, Thomas M. Marshall, having turned the pro- 
 ceeding into a burlesque. And the paper got a wonderful advertisement. 
 Pittock almost shed tears as he jocularly related Marshall's plea in behalf of 
 Ihe poor little Pittsburgh newsboy, "Johnny Pittock." 
 
ioo MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 An "all sorts" column by W. W. Clark, and other features inaugurated 
 by able editors, soon advanced it to the front rank in independent journalism 
 — a position it has maintained throughout its existence. 
 
 The Nevins sold the plant to Mr. A. P. Moore, its present principal owner, 
 for a very large sum of money, and it is still one of the most fearless journals 
 published. 
 
 Mr. Robert P. Nevin afterward launched the Times, a morning paper, 
 which later on became the property of Mr. Chris L. Magee and associates, and 
 is now merged with the Gazette. 
 
 FRANK MURPHY, 
 
 OF THE "Old Home" Temperance Work in Pittsburgh — and who will not 
 remember how this wonderful apostle of temperance won his way with 
 the people and the down-and-outs? — simple, indeed — moral suasion. The ine- 
 briate who wanted to start life anew, reeling drunk, his stockingless feet show- 
 ing through his tattered shoes, was not signed up on the moment. Murphy 
 secured him a bath, a good meal, clean clothes, stockings and shoes, and prayed 
 for him, and when the prodigal had fully come to himself, through Mr. Murphy 
 he returned to the father's house. He signed the pledge — he kept it. Why? 
 Because he took "God into partnership with him." That was the story of almost 
 every Murphy convert. 
 
 And Mr. Murphy thanked me for my help in his work, through my news- 
 paper reports, and for my addresses, and notably for my help in one of his 
 campaigns at Sterling, 111. Thousands have said and will continue to say 
 "God bless Frank Murphy." 
 
 ROBERT RAIKES. 
 
 1WAS very much interested in the notice in the Gazette-Times of Robert 
 Raikes and his relation to the Sunday School, as well as the public school 
 system. He was indeed a poor printer of Gloucester, and little noticed. But 
 he was moved with pity at the sight of neglected children playing in the 
 streets of his city on Sunday, and engaged some women to instruct what waifs 
 he could gather into the town halls. At first they were compensated, but soon 
 a host of good women were found who refused to accept pay for this work 
 of love. 
 
 Raikes lived only until about 1811, but long enough to see that the won- 
 derful work had spread throughout the whole of England, Ireland, Scotland 
 and Wales, and crossed the seas into America. 
 
 But it was not until 1818, or thereabouts, that the church in America rec- 
 ognized the tremendous possibilities of the system growing out of Raikes' first 
 Sunday School. In New England sessions were held in town halls and public 
 buildings, but the church was closed to the work until about 1818. Even then 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 101 
 
 for quite a while the pupils were allowed only to commit to memory Scrip- 
 ture; no effort was made to promote instruction. But the system grew. Thirst 
 for knowledge could not be stayed, and the "village improvement society" was 
 organized, the function of which is now represented by our playgrounds ; tem- 
 perance organizations among young and old were encouraged and public 
 libraries organized. There was city planning and parks, young and old seek- 
 ing out neglected lots and street corners, and beautifying them with the per- 
 mission of the owners. 
 
 About 1820 the church recognized the system and adopted it as the 
 "nursery," and New England has the record of a boy who at one sitting 
 recited the whole book of Luke. And, by the way, rules and regulations 
 adopted by Raikes are practically the basis of the present system of Sunday 
 School and also public school instruction in America. 
 
 Furthermore the influence of this early system of taking boys and girls off 
 the streets and employing them, now so wonderfully represented in the work 
 of the Young Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Christian Asso- 
 ciation and Boy Scouts, was seen nearly 50 years ago, when boys in a New 
 England town requested the abrogation of the strict law prohibiting an old- 
 fashioned Fourth of July celebration. The public commissioners were enforc- 
 ing the law for a "safe and sane Fourth," and were especially determined that 
 the streets should not be littered with the debris of fire-crackers. 
 
 A delegation of boys of a Raikes school called upon the commissioners 
 and asked permission to make "Rome howl" on a certain Independence Day. 
 They promised to organize a force of boys and raise the necessary money to 
 clean up the city if allowed to make the "eagle scream." See "Tales that are 
 told." 
 
 Permission was finally granted with the understanding that the town 
 must be cleaned up by the evening of July 5, with no expense to the people, 
 and one of the most "glorious Fourths" was observed. 
 
 But the spirit of '76 was still strong in New England, and the town com- 
 missioners held a "called meeting" and resolved that such patriotism as those 
 boys showed deserved recognition. They directed the street commissioner to 
 clean the streets at the expense of the town, released the boys from their con- 
 tract, and the people said "Amen." 
 
 And some of those boys of Robert Raikes' are now the men of New Eng- 
 land, Pennsylvania and elsewhere, who are startling the old world by their 
 purchase of Liberty bonds — the boys and men who will be behind the bonds 
 not to clean up the streets after a "Fourth of July jubilee," but to clean up for- 
 ever Prussian brutality and tyranny. Pennsylvania's magnificent educational 
 system is a monument to the memory of Robert Raikes. 
 
 He was a poor printer; so was Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia has an 
 enduring monument to Franklin. May I apply these words to Raikes as his 
 monument during the oncoming years : 
 
 Only the truth in life he has spoken, 
 
 Only the seeds in life he has sown ; 
 
 These will live onward when he is forgotten, 
 
 Fruits of the harvest and what he has done. 
 
102 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 JOSHUA T. COLE. 
 
 JOSHUA T. COLE, the Poet Engineer of the Pennsylvania Railroad, who 
 pulled a throttle for 26 years without an accident, and who never was on 
 the carpet but once, for infraction of the rules, was a Christian and had never 
 tasted alcoholic liquors. He was the Whitcomb Riley of the veteran "foot 
 board" men, and found time to put in rhyme notable things which came under 
 his observation. He attended an adult Bible class banquet, in an up-state 
 town and the answer to a toast was "Have you j'ined?" 
 
 SAY, are you a member 
 Of our Men's Bible Class, 
 Or, like Balaam of old, 
 
 Are you riding an ass 
 And willing to curse, 
 
 Always ready to holler 
 For political fame 
 
 Or an ill-gotten dollar? 
 
 If not a member, 
 
 Why don't you join now? 
 There's Chairman McClain, 
 
 Who will show you just how 
 To get next to men 
 
 Who on one common level 
 Are doing their best 
 
 To defeat the old devil. 
 
 Our Chairman McClain 
 
 Handles all weighty matters; 
 He can talk like a parrot, 
 
 But he never chatters; 
 He has figured it out, 
 
 All theories exploded; 
 It's an impossibility 
 
 To get the class overloaded. 
 
 We've a jolly good crew, 
 And a splendid train master, 
 
 Who always inspires 
 Both teacher and pastor. 
 
 Many nationalities 
 
 In this class represented. 
 We have men who came sinners 
 
 And since have repented ; 
 There are Gentiles and Jews, 
 
 Italians and Syrians, 
 Who with spontaneous joy, 
 
 All become Presbyterians. 
 
 We have English and Irish, 
 
 And a Dutchman or two, 
 And also one Chinaman, 
 
 Who still wears a cue; 
 Butchers and bakers, 
 
 And dealers in lamps; 
 We also have merchants 
 
 Who give trading stamps. 
 
 Conductors and trainmen, 
 And the firemen, too, 
 
 Engineers and operators, 
 We have a full crew ; 
 
 We have men with bald heads 
 
 And some who have hair, 
 And one we call Burgess, 
 
 Some call him the Mayor; 
 Some wear a mustache, 
 
 While others just try it ; 
 And when it looks pale, 
 
 Then sometimes they dye it. 
 
 We have doctors and dentists, 
 
 People say they are fine 
 At removing your pain 
 
 And extracting your coin ; 
 They say that for cramps, 
 
 After eating pig's feet, 
 That Allen's Foot Ease 
 
 Can never be beat. 
 
 Many men who have talent 
 
 And are gifted with song — 
 You can always depend 
 
 They have it along; 
 While not every fellow 
 
 Can sing it by note, 
 It's a mighty sight better 
 
 Than the bleat of a goat. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 103 
 
 So each fellow feels 
 
 That he's one of the boys, 
 And he opens his mouth 
 
 To make joyful noise, 
 Along with the class 
 
 Which to him means so much, 
 To elbow with men 
 
 With a true common touch. 
 
 Now, we've eat of your banquet 
 
 And drank from your cups 
 Till we look like a colony 
 
 Of young pizened pups ; 
 With the evidence apparent, 
 
 It's so very emphatic, 
 Of over-doing your dining room 
 
 And neglecting your attic. 
 
 We have men who are married 
 
 And some that I see 
 By their lingering glances 
 
 Would sure like to be; 
 So twist up your courage 
 
 Till the safety valve blows 
 And ask her to marry, 
 
 For Lord only knows 
 
 How long she's been waiting 
 
 For you to impart 
 The secret locked up 
 
 In your cowardly heart; 
 If a man stays a bachelor 
 
 After this splendid dinner 
 Expel him from class 
 
 An irredeemable sinner. 
 
 THE RUM POWER IN AMERICA. 
 
 EX-GOVERNOR J. FRANK HANLY, of Indiana, most highly com- 
 mended my answer to the question, "The Rum Power in America," 
 pronounced it "good work," and published it in the National Enquirer. Here 
 it is as I first delivered it more than forty years ago : 
 
 "It is supported by two of the strongest tendencies in human nature. The 
 two pillars that support it are animal appetite and love of money. It defies 
 legislatures; it bribes juries; it breaks through the flimsy cobwebs of munici- 
 pal laws; it dictates political platforms; it tramps under its cloven hoof the 
 Holy Sabbath and the law of God; it grows rich on the hard-earned wages 
 of poverty; it fattens on the murdered souls of men, and, sitting in its 
 stately palace, or lounging in its filthy den, it laughs at the broken home, sneers 
 at the widows' tears, and mocks the orphans' cry for bread. It steals the son's 
 kind heart and robs the mother of his love. It leads the blooming daughter 
 through the dim alley to the haunts of sin. It transforms the father's loving 
 tenderness into beastly cruelty and murderous hate. It changes the once loved 
 and loving bride into the drudging slave of the drunkard's hut. It sends the 
 husband to a drunkard's hopeless doom, and drags the orphaned babe away 
 from home and friends and casts it into the putrid stream of crime, to float on 
 downward into worse than death. Thus does it sweep the smile from child- 
 hood's sunny face; it dims the luster of ambition in the eye of youth, and 
 smears with foul disgrace the hoary locks of age." 
 
104 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 H. C. FRICK. 
 
 <<¥N the name of Pittsburgh," Mr. H. C. Frick made a subscription of 
 1 $1,500,000 for Liberty Bonds, fourth loan. This is not only the largest 
 personal bond purchase, but one of the strongest illustrations of what the real 
 Pittsburgh instinct means. Mr. Frick helps along the cause of human liberty, 
 assists the efforts of the government, patriotically backs up the boys cutting 
 their way through the miles of barbed wire on the Hindenburg line, but what is 
 most striking is that he places all this in the name and to the credit of Pittsburgh. 
 
 Comparatively speaking, it is but a few years since the author saw him "in 
 shirt sleeves," about the clerical business of the company store at Broadford 
 Junction on the old Pittsburgh & Connellsville Railroad. 
 
 Andrew Carnegie admitted he won a great prize when he "annexed" Mr. 
 Frick and his vast Coke interests to the Carnegie Steel Company, and thereby 
 secured his help in administration. But how can one find words to suitably 
 describe the coup a few years later, when the whilom clerk in a country store 
 was one of the foremost men in the organization of the United States Steel 
 Company ? 
 
 Pittsburgh is justly proud of the fact that the great captains of American 
 industry had to sit at the feet of this young Gamaliel and learn from him. 
 
 Mr. Frick's fourth subscription to Liberty Bonds recalls the fact that his 
 days of big things date back for these many years. For to the author of this 
 volume, and James McKean, he testified his admiration for Wm. McKinley and 
 Pittsburgh, by subscribing $5,000 to the fund to hold the National Convention 
 in Pittsburgh — then added $5,000 that could be counted on, and finally advised 
 that Pittsburgh should not lose out on the financial end if $50,000 were needed. 
 His idea then was that Pittsburgh was big enough for any kind of a National 
 Convention. 
 
 REV. ALEXANDER CLARK. 
 
 REV. ALEXANDER CLARK is recalled by the fact that "six grandsons" are 
 in France, every one a volunteer in the World's War. One brave boy gave 
 up his life "over there" in August, 1918, on his twenty-first birthday. Dr. Clark 
 was a prominent minister in Pittsburgh 50 years ago, and a most lovable man, 
 indeed. He was pastor of the "Old Home" M. P. Church, Fifth avenue, and 
 afterwards editor of the Methodist Recorder. He was a remarkable worker, and 
 found time to lecture all over the country. In 1879, while on a lecture tour in 
 the South, he became ill at the Kimball House, in Atlanta. Governor Colquit, who 
 had never met him, had him removed to the executive mansion, where he after- 
 wards died. 
 
 Mrs. Clark, now in her eighty-fourth year, and 10 children survive Dr. Clark. 
 Also 38 grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. 
 
 Mr. E. B. Clark, the oldest son, resides in Knoxville, South Side, and has two 
 sons in the service — both volunteers. One, Edward, is sergeant in the Signal 
 Corps in France, and Frank with the Naval Reserves in Buffalo, N. Y. Frank has 
 already seen service and is back in the United States awaiting orders. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 105 
 
 LOUIS NEEB. 
 
 AN unassuming gentleman was Mr. Louis Neeb, father of Mr. Harry Neeb, of 
 the business department of the Freiheits-Freund newspaper, and he was 
 greatly esteemed by all newspaper men who were brought in contact with him. 
 The author recalls one among many incidents of his quaintness in granting a 
 favor. The city required a bond of $1,000 to insure completion of a contract, and 
 the author asked Mr. Neeb if he would sign the bond. He quickly responded 
 "That is something L. & W. Neeb never do " 
 
 Here the author broke in to say no harm had been done, when Mr. Neeb 
 resumed: "That is something L. & W. Neeb never do; but we will sign your 
 bond, with pleasure, as soon as you have it ready." 
 
 ALEXANDER P. MOORE. 
 
 EMPLOYED in a brick yard when but nine years of age, Alexander P. Moore, 
 of the Leader, concluded wheeling clay in later years would not provide 
 much ease for his dependent mother. He stopped not on the order of going, but 
 unceremoniously quit, and hired as office boy in the Telegraph. His best be- 
 loved sister thought he had made a great mistake — sacrificing the chance to be 
 a brick maker to become a "printers devil" — but Alex said he intended to be 
 "an editor." His salary was $3.00 per week; but he speedily annexed one or 
 two legitimate enterprises that swelled his receipts to $15.00 per week. Editor 
 Harry Byram, soon promoted Alex to be a "reporter," at $8.00 per week, but 
 the youthful financier was unable to discern the promotion. But mark you, he 
 had to make good his promise to his sister and "reporter" was his title, at the 
 compromise sum of $10.00 per week — without interruption to his "side" ventures. 
 One day he said to his sister: Tomorrow's Press will announce that Oliver S. 
 Hershman and the brick yard boy had purchased the paper, and that Alex was 
 to be the Editor. His sister's answer was, "I knew all the time you would be 
 an editor." 
 
 Many incidents might be related of Mr. Moore, did I care to violate his 
 oft repeated request to refrain from alluding to them, but his meeting with 
 President Roosevelt was unique. Calling upon the Chief Magistrate, with a 
 committee, he told him there was an indictment against a banker in Western 
 Pennsylvania, which bid fair to lapse by delay in trial, and said justice demanded 
 prosecution and punishment. 
 
 Pointing his finger straight at Moore, whom he had never seen, he fairly 
 shouted : I will direct prosecution at once, and if the facts do not sustain your 
 statements I will expose you. Mr. Moore answered : And if do develop the facts 
 and you do not prosecute the banker, I will expose you. 
 
 President Roosevelt grabbed him by the hand, commended his frankness and 
 so it is that ever since there has been a David and Jonathan friendship between 
 them. Mr. Moore has been in the newspaper work continuously for 41 years, 
 and on retiring from part ownership of the Press, became the chief owner of 
 the Leader. 
 
io6 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 JOHN S. RITENOUR. 
 
 WITHOUT question Mr. John S. Ritenour is the best Superintendent and 
 Manager the Western Pennsylvania Humane Society has had since~its 
 organization, and his record is the foundation that is laid for every live newspaper 
 man — an experience that fits for almost any public duty or responsibility. 
 
 Here is his record: 
 
 Printer's "devil," printer, reporter, copy editor, telegraph editor, city editor, 
 legislative correspondent, managing editor, writing editor, publisher. 
 
 Ten years managing editor of the Pittsburgh Post; two years managing editor 
 of the Pittsburgh Dispatch; two years managing editor of the Pittsburgh Daily 
 News; three years managing editor of the Pittsburgh Press; five years city editor 
 of the Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette ; author of "Journalism As a Profession" 
 {The Forum) ; "Early Newspapers of Southwestern Pennsylvania" (The Inland 
 Printer, 1913) ; publisher (with William T. Lindsey) and annotator of "Dod- 
 dridge's Notes," edition of 1912, etc., etc. Organized the staffs and successfully 
 launched the Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh News, and Uniontown Evening Genius. 
 
 Mr. Ritenour was the most accommodating reporter the Post ever had, and 
 every time an irate reader complained about a publication, the boss summarily 
 dismissed him, and Mr. R. glided out of the front door, only to return by the 
 rear entrance to his desk in the editorial room. 
 
 And he is still the same painstaking, accommodating gentleman. 
 
 N 
 
 HON. J. W. F. WHITE. 
 
 OW that there is a rush to change names that "were made in Germany," a 
 story is recalled in the life of Hon. John W. Fletcher White, of the 
 Common Pleas Court. Application had been made by one Marschalie for a 
 change to the name of Marshall. Judge White, without much hesitation, look- 
 ing over his nose glasses, said: "No, I will not change this name to Marshall, 
 in view of the notables of that name — Chief Justice Marshall, Thomas M. 
 Marshall, and others; but I will approve the petition if the name of Judas Iscariot 
 is substituted." 
 
 OLIVER McCLINTOCK. 
 
 ONE of the foremost citizens of Pittsburgh in every movement to make the 
 city "useful as well as beautiful," is Oliver McClintock. For nearly half a 
 century he was quite prominent in business circles, yet all the while gave of his 
 time and means in support of every project tending to promote good government 
 in both city and county. Notably has he been in the lead in church benevolences 
 and charities and a number of our most successful institutions for the care of the 
 sick and helpless, missions, etc., have received substantial help, not only from Mr. 
 McClintock, but from a host of his friends whom he took along with him on every 
 movement which had his indorsement. 
 
 His chief pleasure was to uphold and defend his native city, yet he has never 
 hesitated to denounce wrong-doing wherever he found it. It has been a delight to 
 have him "sit by the fire" with the author, as he has done for many years. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 107 
 
 SAMUEL P. HARBISON. 
 
 ALWAYS willing to "err on the side of mercy" was one of the main traits of 
 the life of Mr. Samuel P. Harbison. This had substantial illustration when 
 the court house was dedicated on the anniversary of the one hundredth year of 
 the county. With John B. Jackson and S. S. Marvin, Mr. Harbison represented 
 the Chamber of Commerce on the Finance Committee. The railroad managers 
 had made the concession of a cent a mile rate for visitors to the city during the 
 three days celebration, and also substantial subscriptions to the expense fund. 
 
 Mr. James McCrea, Vice President of the Pennsylvania Company, was out 
 of the city when the arrangements for excursions were concluded, and on his 
 return was asked by the committee to make a contribution to the fund. 
 
 Mr. McCrea said if he had been in the city, the cent a mile rate would not 
 have been granted on his lines, and he was quite incensed that any committee 
 should ask on top of such a concession and loss, a money subscription. 
 
 As every other railroad company promptly co-operated with the Chamber of 
 Commerce in the celebration by liberal subscriptions, there was considerable feel- 
 ing over Mr. McCrea's blunt reception of the visitors, and the first impulse was to 
 impale him before the public through the newspapers. 
 
 Mr. Harbison quickly suggested to the Publicity Committee that not a word 
 of the friction be given, as he felt sure Mr. McCrea would, on reflection, change 
 his mind. If not, the money would be forthcoming from some other source. 
 
 And Mr. Harbison was entirely right. His word carried, and Mr. McCrea, 
 after the celebration was over, was so pleased with the results, he sent for the 
 gentleman to whom he was so blunt and made a substantial subscription, which 
 enabled the committee to close its accounts without a deficit. 
 
 EDWARD F. HOUSTON. 
 
 JUST as "Memory's Milestones" is being put to press, death suddenly called an 
 old friend and familiar citizen, Edward F. Houston, brother of Charles W. 
 Houston, formerly of the Press. "Ed" was his title when "Andy" Carnegie was 
 his running mate as messengers of the Western Union Telegraph Company. To 
 him came the distinguished honor of carrying the first message announcing the 
 bombardment of Fort Sumter. He was identified with the oil interests of Pitts- 
 burgh in the days of the activity of that industry, and latterly had charge of the 
 estate of David Reighard. He was a Democrat until the Bryan 16-to-i campaign, 
 when he became a Republican. Of sturdy stock, he was a substantial citizen of 
 the soundest integrity. 
 
io8 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 HARRY DAVIS. 
 
 WHEN fire laid waste the Grand Opera House, Harry Davis promised the 
 public a play house unequaled in America; and that he excelled his 
 best artistic ability is evidenced in the dream in which one finds himself or 
 herself when comfortably ensconced in the house. The enchanting beauty of 
 the interior is never lost sight of, notwithstanding the attractions on the 
 stage are of the most superb character. But I hazard nothing in saying that 
 few outside the writer remembers Harry when he knocked at the door of the 
 "Old Exposition & Loan Society Exhibition," adjoining Smoky Island, in the 
 lower part of Allegheny, more than 35 years ago. Mr. Ezra P. Young was 
 manager, and the strange youth wanted a small space outside the building for 
 an "athletic stunt." A bargain was consummated, Mr. Young secured $10.00, 
 and Davis assured him that the exhibition would be clean — and by the way his 
 exhibitions ever since have also been clean. The Davis stunt was the setting 
 up of dolls, which were knocked off their pins with base balls, three for five 
 cents. Young was green with envy when he discovered young Davis raking 
 in the "nickels," while the fireworks, day and evening, and balloon ascension 
 were in the discard. This was the Davis start for a marvelous theatrical suc- 
 cess, and how much more lucre he might have annexed was cut short by fire, 
 which entirely destroyed the old building and everything in it. 
 
 HOW MANY DO YOU REMEMBER? 
 
 <</^vF THE making of books there would be many" did the author pause 
 V^/ to note the interesting episodes in the lives of all who "came and sat 
 with him by the fire." But here are some with whom much good counsel and 
 advice was obtained as he journeyed along the pleasant pathway of a life of 
 swept past the milestones. In the list also are some I still meet almost daily, 
 whose friendships are cemented by the years. 
 
 Henry W. Oliver, Sr., 
 Col. Henry B. Hays, 
 James Watson, 
 James Laughlin, Sr., 
 Wilson A. Shaw, 
 John D. Scully, 
 Chas. E. Speer, 
 Col.Jas. M. Schoonmaker, 
 Hon. J. K. Moorhead, 
 Robt. McKnight, 
 Max K. Moorhead, 
 Campbell B. Herron, 
 John S. Slagle, 
 James I. Bennett, 
 John Graff, 
 Henry Lloyd, 
 Frank Sellers, 
 
 William Bissell, 
 Reese Owens, 
 W. W. Speer, 
 Andrew Jackman, 
 William H. Everson, 
 James Rees, 
 Thomas P. Houston, 
 Chas. Donnelly, 
 Bernard Rafferty, 
 Geo. H. Yohe, 
 John Shipton, 
 Dr. Thomas J. Gallagher, 
 Dr. E. A. Wood, 
 David Sims, 
 John M. Yohe, 
 David Fitzsimmons, 
 George Fortune, 
 
 Dr. David H. Hostetter, 
 
 J. R. Yohe, 
 
 Sellers McKee, 
 
 Jas. Verner, 
 
 Murray Verner, 
 
 Wm. McCully, 
 
 Jas. McCully, 
 
 Benj. Darlington, 
 
 Harry Darlington, 
 
 James D. Layng, 
 
 J. N. McCullough, 
 
 Thomas M. Howe, 
 
 Dr. Hussey, 
 
 C. H. Zug, 
 
 R. J. Anderson, 
 
 Sil Cosgrave, 
 
 Nathan McDowell, 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 109 
 
 Henry Addison Lysle, 
 Alex. Wilson, 
 Sam'l Wilson, 
 Martin W. Rankin, 
 John D. Thompson, 
 Reuben Miller, 
 Chas. McKnight, 
 R. C. McEldowney, 
 Thomas J. Keenan, St., 
 John A. Bell, 
 Cyrus Gray, 
 Wm. Metcalf, 
 James McKibben, 
 John R. Bingler, 
 H. C. Bughman, 
 James Willock, 
 Capt. R. B. Robinson, 
 Andrew B. Stevenson, 
 R. J. Wilson, 
 Samuel Thompson, 
 S. Harvey Thompson, 
 W. H. Brown, 
 Thomas Bakewell, 
 Capt. S. S. Brown, 
 W. S. Brown, 
 Capt. Harry Brown, 
 Jacob J. Speck, 
 Robert Palmer, 
 James Palmer, 
 John Palmer, 
 Thomas Smith, 
 Dr. Cadwalader Evans, 
 W. O. Hughart, 
 Wm. Walker, 
 Wm. Getty, 
 James Littell, 
 Thomas L. Blair, 
 James Bryce, 
 Robert D. Bryce, 
 John Bryce, 
 Jas. B. O'Hara, 
 S. Dune Karns, 
 Geo. M. Reed, 
 D. T. Reed, 
 Dr. C. C. Rinehart, 
 
 J. D. Mcllroy, 
 
 J. Allison Reed, 
 
 Thomas C. Jenkins, 
 
 Jas. J. Donnell, 
 
 John B. Jackson, 
 
 Geo. Dilworth, 
 
 Wm. Dilworth, 
 
 W. C. Quincy, 
 
 John J. Torley, 
 
 Wm. McConway, 
 
 Capt. Jas. A. Henderson, 
 
 Capt. James Fairman, 
 
 Isaiah Dickey, 
 
 A. Hartupee, 
 
 Sam'l Morrow, 
 
 Joseph Pennock, 
 
 Wm. B. Hays, 
 
 W. J. Friday, 
 
 Geo. W. Schmidt, 
 
 S. Hamilton, 
 
 John H. Mellor, 
 
 C. C. Mellor, 
 
 Paul Zimmerman, 
 
 J. J. Gillespie, 
 
 Geo. R. Duncan, 
 
 James McC. Creighton, 
 
 Geo. Glass, 
 
 J. J. "Lawrence, 
 
 A. D. Smith, 
 
 J. G. Bennett, 
 
 Henry A. Weaver, 
 
 Calvin Wells, 
 
 Wm. Miller, 
 
 Col. Wm. A. Herron, 
 
 William E. Schmertz, 
 
 R. S. Hemiup, 
 
 Thos. P. Hershberger, 
 
 A. Garrison, 
 
 John H. Ricketson, 
 
 Arthur Kirk, 
 
 David Kirk, 
 
 John Chislett, 
 
 John H. Perring, 
 
 Col. J. W. Ballentine, 
 
 Wm. Tomlinson, 
 
 A. F. Keating, 
 Jacob Painter, 
 Wm. Singer, 
 Wm. K. Nimick, 
 Alex. Nimick, 
 Jas. Park, Jr., 
 Wm. G. Park, 
 Wm. Weyman, 
 John Grazier, 
 Alex. Murdoch, 
 John Murdoch, 
 John F. Steel, 
 James McAuley, 
 Dr. A. H. Gross, 
 Jas. Means, 
 G. L. Peck, 
 W. B. Horner, 
 Frank Higgins, 
 Geo. Welshons, 
 Fred Muller, 
 Geo. N. McCain, 
 J. W. Orr, 
 E. B. Taylor, 
 H. W. Bickel, 
 James McCrea, 
 Robt. Pitcairn, 
 J. D. O'Neil, 
 J. B. Brittan, 
 Dr. Jos. Abel, 
 Chas. Meyran, 
 Sam'l W. Moody, 
 H. K. Porter, 
 R. E. McCarty, 
 J. W. Renner, 
 Dr. John McNaugher, 
 J. J. Turner, 
 Rev. W. E. McCulloch, 
 Dr. J. F. McClurkin, 
 Dr. John G. Brown, 
 Wm. Thaw, 
 Bernard Shea, 
 Chas. J. Clarke, 
 Benjamin Thaw, 
 C. W. Batchelor, and 
 many, many others. 
 
no MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 BEN FRANKLIN. 
 
 AS I "sat by the fire" with this wonderful man — Patriot, Philosopher, Phi- 
 lanthropist, Printer — I noticed a smile on his face as he perused my an- 
 swer to a toast "at a Ben Franklin Club dinner in Pittsburgh a few years since. 
 A brief outline is appended : 
 
 He was the fifteenth child in a family of seventeen, and his father at first 
 intended he should be a minister. But when he heard of the fabulous wages 
 paid printers, he decided otherwise, and at the age of 12 he was apprenticed at 
 the printing trade. 
 
 He very early displayed a thirst for reading, and perused everything 
 within reach, finally satiating his thirst when Mr. Carnegie established his 
 free libraries. 
 
 Franklin walked from Boston to Philadelphia one December, partly for 
 exercise and party because stage fares were high, and, the historian says, 
 arrived in the Quaker City "without friends and almost destitute." He was 
 not clad in Quaker coat and knee pants, as we see him in the pictures, nor in a 
 mark-down top coat, arctic overshoes, etc., but wore a seersucker coat and vest 
 and a straw hat. In fact, Ben was the pioneer "tramp printer," a most con- 
 spicuous figure a half century ago. But that little "hike" from Boston did not 
 amount to much when you consider the Western Coyote — who thinks noth- 
 ing of going 150 miles for breakfast and 200 miles for dinner. He would 
 rather be "sight-seeing" than staying at home and living off his friends. 
 
 At an early age he contributed articles to the New England Courant, his 
 brother's paper, but quarreled with him and a separation followed. 
 
 On the day of his freedom — that is the completion of his apprenticeship — 
 he was told to make his home with his boss, to sweep out the office, make the 
 fires and run errands, and chop wood, and study law, and help his wife do 
 the household work, and have all the balance of the time to play, and get 40 
 cents per month. 
 
 Governor Keith, of Pennsylvania, took a fancy to Ben and suggested he 
 get a printing office for himself. He did so in 1788, going to England for his 
 plant. He stayed there a year and a half, during which time he wrote a book 
 on "Liberty and Necessities; Pleasure and Pain." 
 
 But it was when he printed "bank notes," the circulating medium, that "he 
 rose from affluence to poverty." 
 
 While editor and proprietor of a paper, which he owned, he published 
 "Poor Richard's Almanac," afterwards "The Way to Wealth." 
 
 Governor Keith again suggested his own printing plant, and promised 
 him the State printing, but the Governor hadn't consulted the State Capital 
 "trimmers" and the printing went to a favored political heeler. 
 
 It was at this time that Franklin wrote his notable poem on "Of all sad 
 things of tongue and pen, the saddest are these, it might have Ben." 
 
 Several times in his life his financial thermometer went down below zero, 
 and he was frozen out and had to take in washing for a living. He had been 
 everything from a newspaper editor down to a cow-catcher on a locomotive, and 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. in 
 
 if he lived much longer he would find out what mysterious design Providence 
 had in creating him. 
 
 He was such an "all around" man in the printing office, you could never 
 find him. 
 
 He organized the first fire company in Pittsburgh — the old Vigilant in 
 Third avenue — and also engineered the organization of the Ben Franklin Insur- 
 ance Company. On account of his connection with trust companies, he was 
 widely known as "Trusty Ben," and he never touched anything intoxicating 
 in his life unless — unless you count whisky. 
 
 In 1744 he invented the stove which bears his name, which almost drove 
 out of the market natural gas, but the Philadelphia Company having gobbled 
 all the gas on or under the earth, also secured the traction lines to haul the gas 
 from distant points, and the stove had a limited run. 
 
 But every printing office had its Franklin stove, unpolished, but decorated 
 and ornamented with polka dot tobacco juice contributions. , 
 
 Ben patented the loose-leaf ledgers, and got along right well until mem- 
 bers of the Franklin Club, Pittsburgh, "infringed." 
 
 He married a Miss Read — I have already said he was a good reader — and 
 after that things prospered wonderfully, as they generally do when one gets a 
 sensible life partner. His wife had laughed at him as she beheld him, from 
 her window, on that hike from Boston. He was lunching on a loaf of bread. 
 
 Shortly after his marriage his brother was in jail for publishing articles 
 offensive to the political managers, and Ben started the Gazette, Senator Oli- 
 ver's paper. One day he kicked the "devil" — the office boy — and "Barney" 
 McKenna gave him 30 days in jail. 
 
 Mr. W. B. McFall, of the Murdoch-Kerr Co., went up to bail him out, but 
 the jailer said, "You couldn't pump him out." 
 
 It was while he was President of the Pittsburgh Printers' Club that 
 Franklin discovered the identity of electricity with lightning and planned to 
 defend houses by "pointed conductors." In modern life the wife is usually 
 the live wire — the real pointed conductress. But to Franklin is due all the 
 electric organizations in America, and as he sat on the stage at a Pittsburgh 
 convention with two of the prominent printers of the city, the gang dubbed 
 them the three graces, and standing, sang an ode, but owing to the lateness 
 of the hour got mixed in their selection, and here is how it sounded : 
 "There were three crows sat on a tree," etc. 
 
 He established the first public library, notwithstanding Mr. Carnegie says 
 "hoot, man." 
 
 In Philadelphia, where they wear mourning ribbons on their window 
 shutters and use tombstones for door steps, a historian says of Ben : 
 
 In person he was 5 feet 9 or 10 inches and well and strongly made. He 
 had a fair complexion, while his manners were extremely affable. 
 
 But, seriously, he filled many public offices, all with eminent satisfaction, 
 just like the all-around printer and newspaper man is doing today in what- 
 ever line of public business he is called to follow. 
 
 Franklin labored to secure American Independence and saw it successful. 
 He studied the well-being and happiness of his fellow men and few were more 
 
ii2 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 successful in their aim. He was extremely winning and affable and the public 
 generally, and printers of America in particular, look upon him as a great 
 benefactor. He died in 1790, aged 84 years, and Congress ordered mourning 
 for a period of two months. 
 
 Poor Richard says : 
 
 Beware of little expenses : a little leak will sink a great ship. 
 
 Would you live at ease ? Do what you ought, not what you please. 
 
 Dost thou love life? Then do not squander time, for that is the stuff life is 
 made of. 
 
 Want of care does us more damage than want of knowledge. 
 
 Neglect mending a small Fault, and it will soon be a great one. 
 
 Diligence is the mother of good luck. 
 
 Necessity never made a good bargain. 
 
 Clean your Finger before you point at my Spots. 
 
 If a man could have Half his Wishes, he would double his Troubles. 
 
 Glass, China and Reputation are easily crack'd, and never well mended. 
 
 Let us endeavor so to live that when we die even the undertaker will be sorry. 
 
 Let thy discontents by thy secrets. 
 
 Industry need not wish. 
 
 Happy that nation, fortunate that age, whose history is not diverting. 
 
 Be at war with your vices, at peace with your neighbors, and let every new 
 year find you a better man. 
 
 Calamity and Prosperity are the Touchstones of Integrity. 
 
 As we must account for every idle word, so we must for every idle silence. 
 
 There are three faithful friends, an old wife, an old dog and ready money. 
 
 Better is a little with content than much with contention. 
 
 Wealth is not his that has it, but his that enjoys it. 
 
 Let the maid-servant be faithful, strong and homely. 
 
 He that can have patience can have what he will. 
 
 God heals, the doctor takes the fee. 
 
 Three removes are as bad as a fire. 
 
 He that hath a trade hath an estate. 
 
 The Wise and Brave dares own that he was wrong. 
 
 The eye of the master will do more work than both of his hands. 
 
 Tricks and treachery are the practice of fools that have not wit enough to be 
 honest. 
 
 If you would be wealthy, think of saving as well as of getting. 
 
 Love your Enemies, for they tell you your Faults. 
 
 Fish and visitors smell in three days. 
 
 The busy Man has few idle Visitors ; to the boiling Pot the Flies come not. 
 
 If you feel that you must join something, join the Stay-With-Your-Wife 
 Society. 
 
 Keep your eyes wide open before marriage ; half shut afterwards. 
 
 The noblest question in the world is, What good may I do in it? 
 
 If you would reap Praise, you must sow the Seeds, gentle Words and useful 
 Deeds. 
 
 Lost time is never found again. 
 
 'Tis easier to suppress the first Desire, than to satisfy all that follow it. 
 
Pittsburgh's patriotic IRecorb 
 
Honor — not wealth. 
 
 Liberty — not license. 
 
 Country — not self. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. US 
 
 PITTSBURGH'S PATRIOTIC RECORD. 
 
 Ulf EEP the Home Fires Burning" is the popular song in America, of the 
 l\. World's War, and unbounded enthusiasm follows the music of the 
 "Star Spangled Banner," "America," "The Marseillaise," "God Save the 
 King," "The Battle Hymn of the Republic," etc. But the music of the 
 Civil War included all these and many more, such as "Rally 'Round the Flag," 
 "Tenting Tonight on the Old Camp Ground," "The Vacant Chpir," etc., and 
 while it is gratifying to know of all that is being done in these recent years 
 to "keep the home fires burning" it is gratifying also to recall the patriotic 
 efforts of the "stay-at-homes" during all of our American wars — notably the 
 Civil War. 
 
 Briefly, then, is cited below some of the work, gifts, services, sacrifices, 
 etc., of the patriotic men and women of Pittsburgh and vicinity in previous 
 wars, and during the present World's War : 
 
 "Drives" may suit other localities — but Pittsburgh always "leads."' 
 
 Allegheny county furnished two companies for the War of 1812. 
 
 Guns and shells for the Mexican War were manufactured here. 
 
 Pittsburgh was captured in war twice. 
 
 For the Mexican War in 1846, the county furnished four companies. 
 
 Twenty thousand soldiers were recruited for the War of the Rebellion in 
 Allegheny county. 
 
 Furnished whole regiments of soldiers for the Spanish-American War. 
 
 "Old Block House," the outpost of Fort Pitt, now the property of the 
 local Daughters of the American Revolution. 
 
 Six days after the firing on Fort Sumter 40 Pittsburghers marched to 
 Washington and offered their services to Secretary of War Stanton. 
 
 While the Civil War was in progress the Bank of Pittsburgh was liberal 
 in its loans to the government, giving financial support for the protection of 
 the city and in helping to support organizations formed for the relief of 
 soldiers. 
 
 In December, i860, the loyal citizens prevented the shipment of 150 can- 
 non from the Allegheny Arsenal to the Confederates in New Orleans. This 
 incident forms a chapter given in this volume. 
 
 Pittsburgh foundries cast the cannon for three wars. Perry's fleet was 
 supplied with cannon from a foundry established in Pittsburgh in 1803. 
 
 City people subscribed over $100,000 to entertain the Twenty-eighth 
 National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic in September, 
 1894, and returned $10,000 to the donors.. 
 
 Fac-simile of historic cannon donated by the United States for badges for 
 the G. A. R. Encampment in September, 1894, in Pittsburgh, on exhibition in 
 Soldiers' Memorial Hall. 
 
 Between 1861 and 1864 over 2,000 guns for the army and navy, from the 
 great Columbiad, weighing 100,000 pounds and throwing a projectile weigh- 
 ing 1,000 pounds, down to six-pounders, were made here. 
 
n6 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Bank of Pittsburgh weathered with honor the several financial crises 
 through which the country passed, 1837, 1857, i860, 1861 and 1873, and never 
 suspended specie payment. Every transaction was carried through with gold 
 and silver, and when, in i860, and again in 1861, all the banks in Pittsburgh, 
 Philadelphia and many other cities suspended specie payments, the board of 
 directors of the Bank of Pittsburgh, in solemn session, placed on record their 
 determination to follow the precedent set by the bank and to continue specie 
 payment. 
 
 The rigging and cordage for Commodore Perry's fleet were manufactured 
 in Pittsburgh. 
 
 Scene of Major Grant's defeat in 1758 now occupied by the masterpiece of 
 American architecture, the county courthouse and the new city-county 
 building. 
 
 Between 1861 and 1866 the Pitttsburgh Subsistence Committee fed, in 
 Old City Hall, Market street, 409,745 soldiers, besides caring for 79,460 sick 
 and wounded heroes in the Soldiers' Home, afterwards the West Penn Hos- 
 pital. Tablets are in the hall on Market street. 
 
 The Sanitary Fair, in 1864, in the Allegheny Diamond, realized $361,516. 
 The Pittsburgh Sanitary Soldiers' Home expended over $200,000 of the pro- 
 ceeds of the Fair. The remainder was used as an endowment for the West 
 Penn Hospital, then the Soldiers' Home. 
 
 Since the World War began Pittsburgh banks have expanded at a re- 
 markable rate. In each particular they are larger and stronger than ever 
 before. Deposits total $761,000,000, an increase of $169,000,000 in a year. 
 Resources increased from $765,000,000 to $946,000,000 in a year. 
 
 Furnished Fred B. Shipp, of the Young Men's Christian Association, to 
 direct that work in France. 
 
 Contributed $4,000,000 to Red Cross fund on first call — $500,000 more 
 than sum asked for. 
 
 Shipped $213,000 worth of flour to the Belgian sufferers. Whole sum 
 raised in a few days and special ship laden with cargo speedily dispatched, 
 under the direction of Hon. William Flinn and associates. 
 
 Pittsburgh Chapter, American Red Cross, has a membership of approxi- 
 mately 150,000 and the Pittsburgh district during the Red Cross War Fund 
 Campaign in June contributed $4,000,000. 
 
 Final report on second Liberty Loan showed Pittsburgh district paid 
 over $145,000,000 into the United States Treasury, and the area tributary to 
 Pittsburgh registered $204,000,000. The sum asked for was $90,000,000. 
 Great is Pittsburgh with the "h." This is in addition to the $92,000,000 first 
 loan. 
 
 Mrs. James J. Flannery has to her credit the sale of over a million dollars 
 of Liberty bonds. 
 
 Enlistments and quota of draftees for war with Germany ranking with 
 the best specimens of soldiery in any of the camps or trenches. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 117 
 
 Response of the "Boy Scouts" of Allegheny county to President Wilson 
 was "orders for over two millions of Liberty Bonds." 
 
 Asked to subscribe $90,000,000, Pittsburgh responded by getting under 
 the greatest government the world has ever known with over $145,000,000 for 
 the second Liberty Loan. Mention money, men, munitions, and the world at 
 once thinks of Pittsburgh, and moreover looks to Pittsburgh. 
 
 Women's Committee and Boy Scouts turned in over $5,000,000 to second 
 loan fund — not necessary to specify Liberty — no other loans are popular just 
 now. 
 
 October 24 Pittsburgh district sent a message to the Kaiser — that in one 
 day its citizens subscribed $25,000,000 to the Liberty Loan fund, had far ex- 
 ceeded its allotment of $90,000,000, with millions more to follow. 
 
 Liberty Bond parade on Saturday, October 13, 1917, one of the most 
 notable in the history of Western Pennsylvania — 20,000 city and county offi- 
 cials, bankers and clerks, railroad officers and employes and civic organiza- 
 tions — the whole representing millionaires and laborers, and billions of wealth 
 — marching eight abreast quick step for over two hours, to the time of lively 
 patriotic music, and the waving of thousands of flags. Hundreds of thou- 
 sands viewed the parade. 
 
 Every appeal in behalf of war followed by a generous flow of wealth. 
 
 Mrs. William P. Snyder obtained subscriptions for $3,000,000 Liberty 
 Bonds, by personal effort, the largest individual return made by any woman 
 in the United States. 
 
 Splendid spirit of patriotism manifested by the dollar mark. 
 
 Seventy-five thousand of our women registered for war work. 
 
 Famed for its wealth, it is gratifying to comment on the "State of Alle- 
 gheny" that it is famed for its readiness to give accordingly for patriotic and 
 benevolent purposes. 
 
 Credit for more than 250,000 members of the Red Cross Christmas drive, 
 when 16,000,000 were added to the 6,000,000 already enrolled. "He hath 
 sounded forth his trumpet that shall never call retreat." 
 
 Over 500 acres of "war gardens" in the season of 1917. 
 
 Just as an extra Christmas offering 350,000 of our people enrolled as 
 members of the Red Cross at $1 per. 
 
 People of Pittsburgh never stand in the rear when called to duty, and the 
 $100,000 recreation fund will go to provide healthful recreation for the men in 
 the army camps. 
 
 The contribution to the cause of Liberty told in terms of millions of dol- 
 lars, hundreds of thousands of men and women, thousands of tons of explo- 
 sives, and other forms of concrete patriotism is a volume incalculable. 
 
 Soldiers' Memorial Hall, finest in America, cost $1,700,000. 
 
 Holds an exalted place in the minds of war officials in Washington. 
 
u8 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Contributions for war relief, outside of the American Red Cross fund, 
 totaled about $4,000,000 — Red Cross alone was $5,000,000. "And still there's 
 more to follow." 
 
 Allegheny county has already sent out 13,000 of its young men for service 
 in the United States Army, and the stories of the Young Men's Christian As- 
 sociation work stimulated Pittsburghers to give more than the $1,500,000 
 quota to the "War Necessities Fund." 
 
 Chief armorer for American nation, as in past wars. 
 
 Patriotism and Democracy more strongly emphasized in our public 
 schools than ever before. 
 
 Premier Lloyd George says : "America has the best fighting material in 
 the world — a formidable people with mechanical resources unequaled in the 
 world." And Pittsburgh is also the arsenal of the world's contest for 
 Democracy. 
 
 Purse thrown wide open at Nation's plea. 
 
 Boy Scouts of Allegheny county sold $2,586,000 Liberty bonds to 17,587 
 subscribers. 
 
 Pittsburgh leads the nation in Knights of Columbus war work fund — 
 $400,000 — more than whole states contributed. 
 
 Above all of its manifold yearly gifts, gave $10,000,000 to War Relief 
 movement, subscribed more than $200,000,000 to Liberty Loan, and broke the 
 record of clearing house exchanges by more than a half billion dollars. 
 
 Sixty years ago Pittsburgh fittingly celebrated the centennial of the sur- 
 render of Fort Duquesne. 
 
 When Fort Sumter was fired upon the Bank of Pittsburgh subscribed $5,000 
 to the Committee on Public Safety "for the purpose of arming the city." 
 
 May 23d, 1862 "the Bank of Pittsburgh appropriated $100 to aid in defray- 
 ing the expenses of sending surgeons and nurses to aid our wounded soldiers and 
 assist in transporting them from the battlefield at Pittsburgh Landing." 
 
 PAUL BOYTON. 
 
 PAUL BOYTON was a well known swimmer in the early seventies, and 
 many of the older inhabitants recall his voyage in a rubber suit, when he 
 floated and paddled from the head waters of the Allegheny river, through Pitts- 
 burgh and down the Ohio river. 
 
 He arrived in Pittsburgh in the early part of the evening, and this was the 
 heading of an account thereof in one of the Pittsburgh papers next morning. 
 "Paddling Paul Boyton pulls past the Point Pittsburgh a little past six p. m. 
 yesterday." 
 
Civil maat Ifncibents 
 
"Tenting to-night 
 On the old camp ground, 
 Give us a song to cheer." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 121 
 
 HISTORIC APRIL, 1865. 
 
 THE most eventful month in history was April, 1865. Rapid was the suc- 
 cession of events after the Federal forces pierced the rebel lines about 
 Petersburg. The same month saw the surrender of Lee and the assassination 
 of Lincoln, the most dramatic events in our comparatively recent history. 
 
 Here is a summary of its thrilling events, as I find recorded in my scrap 
 book: 
 
 April 1 — General Sheridan attacks and routs the rebels at Five Forks, 
 Va., capturing three brigades. 
 
 April 2 — Assault along the whole line in front of Petersburg. Generals 
 Wright, Parker and Ord break through the rebel lines and a brilliant victory 
 is achieved. Twelve thousand prisoners and 50 pieces of artillery are taken. 
 
 April 2 — News received of the burning of the steamer General Lyons be- 
 tween Wilmington and Fortress Monroe, March 31. Four or five hundred 
 soldiers perished. 
 
 April 3 — The Union forces, under General Weitzel, occupy Richmond, 
 which, with Petersburg, was evacuated by the rebel forces. 
 
 April 3 — Great rejoicing all through the loyal States on account of the 
 fall of Richmond. 
 
 April 4 — Fire in Brooklyn, N. Y. Several firemen killed. 
 
 April 6 — General Sheridan attacks and routs the forces of General Lee 
 and drives them across Sailor Creek. 
 
 April 9 — Surrender of General Lee and his whole army to General Grant. 
 
 April 10 — Extraordinary rejoicing throughout the loyal States on ac- 
 count of the surrender of Lee and the end of the rebellion. 
 
 April 12 — Mobile occupied by the Union forces. 
 
 April 12 — General Stoneman occupies Salisbury, N. C, after a series of 
 victories, he having advanced on that State from the west. Vast amount of 
 military property captured with the town. 
 
 April 14 — Assassination of President Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth, an 
 actor, and attempted murder of Mr. Seward, Secretary of State. Mr. Fred- 
 erick Seward badly injured. 
 
 April 15 — Death of President Lincoln. The whole country in mourning. 
 A very solemn day. 
 
 April 15 — Andrew Johnson, Vice President, takes the oath prescribed by 
 the Constitution and becomes President of the United States. 
 
 April 15 — The flag removed by General Anderson from Fort Sumpter in 
 1861, hoisted by him on the same fort with appropriate ceremonies. 
 
 April 16 — Great fire in New York. Loss $2,000,000. 
 
 April 18 — Second great fire in New York. Loss $1,000,000. 
 
 April 18 — Arrest of Payne, the supposed author of the attempt upon the 
 life of Secretary Seward. 
 
122 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 April 18 — General Sherman concludes a treaty with General Johnston, 
 which is not ratified. He is ordered to renew hostilities at once. 
 
 April 19 — Funeral of President Lincoln at Washington. 
 
 April 21 — The reward offered for the arrest of John Wilkes Booth, the 
 murderer of the President, is now $150,000. . 
 
 April 21 — The remains of the late President are taken from Washington 
 on their way to Springfield, 111., where they are to be finally deposited. 
 
 April 26 — John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of the President, is shot and 
 killed by a party of cavalry sent out to arrest him. Harrold, an accomplice, is 
 taken. 
 
 April 26 — General Johnston surrenders to the Union forces with all the 
 troops in his department. 
 
 April 27 — The boiler on the steamer Sultana exploded on the Mississippi 
 River, setting the boat on fire. Fifteen hundred soldiers just released from 
 rebel prisons were lost. 
 
 April 29 — President Johnson appoints Thursday, June 1, as a day of 
 national humiliation and prayer. 
 
 April 30 — Plot discovered to burn the city of Philadelphia. 
 
 BOYS OF NEW ENGLAND. 
 
 BOYS of New England, many years ago, "sat with me by the fire," to tell 
 me how at one time they were shut out of the old-fashioned "fire- 
 works" display on Independence Day, the "town council" having decided that 
 they would not permit the newly cleaned streets to be littered with exploded 
 crackers, etc. These lads, fired with patriotism, told the council if allowed a 
 regular Fourth, the boys would organize a regiment and clean the streets of 
 the debris. 
 
 The boys won and a glorious Fourth followed. Next day at 7 o'clock 
 gangs of boys were being mobilized to "clean up," when the council, moved by 
 the Americanism of these boys, thanked them, ordered them to return to their 
 homes, and at the town's expense effected the clean-up. 
 
 The stuff in those boys is showing itself on the Marne and at every front, 
 where Honor is staked before wealth; Liberty before license; Country, not 
 self. 
 
 They are among those who know no retreat ; no rear ; front everywhere ; 
 always facing the enemy. 
 
T 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 123 
 
 ALPHABET OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 HIS alphabet of the rebellion was written in 1865 : 
 A stands for Andersonville — the ghastly monument of the most revolting 
 outrage of the country. 
 
 B stands for Booth — J. Wilkes — let his memory be swallowed up in 
 oblivion. 
 
 D stands for Davis (Jeff) — the most eminent low comedian in the female 
 character of the age. 
 
 F stands for Freedom — the bulwark of the nation. 
 
 G stands for Grant — the undertaker who officiated at the burial of the 
 rebellion. 
 
 H stands for Hardee — his tactics could not save him. 
 I stands for Infamy — the spirit of treason. 
 J stands for Justice — give it to the traitors. 
 
 K stands for Kearsarge — for further particulars see Winslow's Soothing 
 Syrup. 
 
 L stands for Lincoln — we mourn his loss. 
 
 M stands for Mason — (Music by the band. "There came to the beach a 
 poor exile," etc.) 
 
 N stands for Nowhere — the present location of the C. S. A. 
 
 O stands for "O dear, what can the matter be ?" — For answer to this ques- 
 tion apply to Kirby Smith. 
 
 P stands for Place — nobly won by the gallant soldiers of the Union. 
 
 Q stands for Ouantrell — one of the gorillas in the rebel menagerie. 
 
 R stands for Rebellion — no longer able to stand for itself. 
 
 S stands for Sherman — he has a friend and vindicator in Grant. 
 
 T stands for Treason — with a halter around its neck. 
 
 U stands for Union — now and forever, one and inseparable. 
 
 W stands for Washington — the nation is true to his memory. 
 
 Y stands for Young America — who stands by the Union. 
 
 Z stands for Zodiac — the Stars are all there. 
 
 BRING THE MEN UP TO THE COLORS. 
 
 THE Starry Flag had fallen in battle several times, the enemy delighting to 
 pick off the color-bearer. A brave fellow seized the fallen emblem and 
 started forward, when the captain cried out: "Bring back those colors!" Said 
 the soldier, waving the Flag, "Captain, bring the men up to the colors !" 
 
 The order so given rallied the scattered men, the Flag was planted on the 
 heights and the victory won. 
 
124 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 BATTLE OF SHILOH. 
 
 A REAL "Moving Picture Show" was the grand military allegory, "The 
 Drummer Boy of Shiloh," given at the Academy of Music for many 
 consecutive afternoons and evenings, closing with three special performances, 
 December 31, 1868, and January 1 and 2, 1869. 
 
 It was given for the benefit of soldiers' widows and orphans, by 200 vet- 
 erans of the Civil War and 75 ladies of the city, under the management of 
 Post No. 3, Grand Army of the Republic, and netted a handsome sum, and 
 many of the actors of the cast filled places of honor and trust in public life. 
 
 Almost everyone who participated in the allegory were personal friends, 
 who have in groups "sat with me by the fire." 
 
 Committee of Arrangements — Gen. Jas. S. Negley, Gen. A. L. Pearson, 
 Gen. F. H. Collier, Gen. J. B. Sweitzer, Col. R. B. Roberts, Col. J. W. Ballan- 
 tine, Maj. E. A. Montooth, Maj. A. P. Callow, Lee S. Smith, W. B. Cook, W. 
 F. Hood, Geo. B. Gray, A. G Hatry, W. J. Criswell, G. W. Silvey and W. F. 
 Dalgleish. 
 
 Cast of Characters — Farmer Howard, D. A. Jones; Mart. Howard (au- 
 thor of the piece), S. J. Muscroft; Harry Howard, Lee S. Smith ; Johnny How- 
 ard, Mast. F. Miller ; Farmer Elliot, Will Clark ; Tom Elliot, Geo. S. Woods ; 
 Major Rutledge, H. A. Collier ; Frank Rutledge, E. R. Temple ; Fattie Smith, 
 Will F. Hood ; Will Smith, George B. Gray ; Uncle Joe, Sam Krewson. 
 
 Lady Characters — Old Mrs. Howard, Bella Scott; Mrs. Martin Howard, 
 Mrs. Howe ; Miss Jennie Howard, Maggie Scott ; Mrs. Major Rutledge, Nellie 
 Finity ; Mrs. Elliot, Emma Foster ; Goddess of Liberty, Alice Mowry. 
 
 Military Characters: 
 
 Federals — Major General, commanding Union forces, W. B. Cook; A. D. 
 C, T. P. Houston; Chief of Staff, Harry Moore; A. A. General, W. M. Porter; 
 Inspector General, J. M. Wright ; Chief of Artillery, John A. Floyd ; Captain 
 of Battery F, A. P. Callow; Chief of Engineers, W. J. Criswell; Paymaster 
 General, J. B. Johnston; Chief of Cavalry, Chas. Henry; Chief O. M., Sam 
 Anderson ; A. D. C, W. T. Easton ; A. D. C, R. Stamford ; Surgeon General, 
 Dr. A. M. Barr ; Officer of the Day, G. W. Silvey ; Brigadier General, D. W. 
 Oliger; Commodore, A. G. Hatry; Captain of Gunboat Tyler, W. Howe; 
 Ensign, Dave M. Howe; Colonel Robinson, C. A. Miller; Bugler, W. M. Dal- 
 gleish ; Drum Major, J. T. Harvey ; Captain Co. D, J. Martin Schafer ; Captain 
 Co. A, Sam A. Barr; Captain Co. C, J. C. Martin; New Prisoner, J. F. Hunter; 
 A. D. C, Sam Kilgore ; Orderly, L. W. Mallassey. 
 
 Confederates — Lieut. Gen. Johnson, C. Gray ; Chief of Staff, Jos. H. Gray ; 
 Maj. Gen. Cheatham, J. M. Lanahan; Chief of Staff, S. W. Hill; A. D. C, J. 
 H. Jones ; Surgeon General, Dr. R. S. Sutton ; Orderly, W. O. Devay ; A. D. 
 C, C. Henry Miller ; Lieut, and A. D. C. to Beauregard, J. L. Browne ; Captain 
 Company G, John S. Edgar ; Captain Co. H, John Hoedle. 
 
 Orderlies, crews of gunboats, troops, citizens, sisters of charity and tab- 
 leaux, by 200 ladies and gentlemen of the city. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 125 
 
 WILLIAM E. SPRAGUE. 
 
 IN THIS connection promise is kept with Mr. Sprague, City Water Assessor 
 of Pittsburgh, that if opportunity ever offered, his testimony in regard to 
 Gen. U. S. Grant at Pittsburgh Landing — "Shiloh" — should be made known by 
 me. "Shiloh" was a log meeting house, between two and three miles from 
 Pittsburgh Landing. General Buell had orders to cross the river at a certain 
 place, but misconstrued them and was late in arriving. 
 
 Sprague was one of the engineers of an old Pittsburgh stern-wheel tow- 
 boat, the "Monongahela," and all night ferried Buell's troops across the river. 
 Next day he stood several times close enough to General Grant to touch him, 
 saw him mount his horse a dozen times, notwithstanding he had a terribly 
 injured ankle. His horse had fallen with him a week before and injured his 
 ankle so that the boot had to be cut off. 
 
 Mr. Sprague wanted his friends to know that General Grant on that mem- 
 orable occasion was absolutely sober and the man who asserted the contrary 
 was a monstrous liar. The author of this volume promised Mr. Sprague this 
 should be known, in view of fact that it was a Pittsburgher, a Democrat, by the 
 way, who had asserted that the great General was under the influence of 
 liquor at Pittsburgh Landing. Everybody who knew Mr. Sprague will bank 
 on his testimony. 
 
 SOLDIERS' CAMP FIRES. 
 
 HON. JACOB F. SLAGLE, Judge of the Common Pleas Court, and Civil 
 War veteran, "sat by the fire" and recalled the "Camp Fires" of the 
 years succeeding '61 and '65. He remarked on the charge that the "old sol- 
 dier" claim for public office was becoming threadbare. "But," said the Judge, 
 "the men who talk that way do not know what they are talking about. When 
 for four years of hardship you share your blanket with your chum, smoke his 
 pipe and tobacco, drink from the same canteen, divide the last piece of bread, 
 or hardtack, tramp in the weary march, weep with him when bad news came 
 from home and friends so dear — when all this goes on for years, ask your- 
 selves how such David and Jonathan love can be severed, and the lengthened 
 out 'Camp Fires' are the most interesting because of the steady thinning out 
 of the ranks. 
 
 "And the love for the soldier will grow in America now more than ever 
 before, and when the boys come home they will find the nation ready to honor 
 and serve them." 
 
126 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 ON THE FIRING LINE 
 
 A FRIEND, "as we sat by the fire," handed me this incident: A distin- 
 guished American General, unable to be present at the marriage of his 
 daughter, sent this beautiful message from the Philippines : 
 
 "Congratulations, with love ; sorry I cannot be with you tonight ; I am on 
 the 'Firing Line' in defense of my country." 
 
 From everywhere in France comes the message — not of regret, but of 
 gladness — that our boys are on the "Firing Line" in defense of the Allies 
 against the hosts of Satan. 
 
 WAR GARDENS IN 1861. 
 
 NOW that winter is approaching, it would be perhaps as well to dis- 
 continue haying, and turn your attention to getting in your fall saw- 
 logs. No farmer can consider his fall work complete until he has his cellar 
 well supplied with saw-logs. Seated around the blazing hearth of a winter's 
 night, there is no fruit more delicious. 
 
 A correspondent asks us what we think of late plowing. Plowing should 
 not be continued later than 10 or n o'clock at night. It gets the horse in the 
 habit of staying out late, and unduly exposes the plow. We have known 
 plows to acquire spring-halt and inflammatory rheumatism from late plow- 
 ing. Don't do it. 
 
 To another correspondent who wants us to suggest a good drain on a 
 farm, we would say a heavy mortgage at 10 per cent, will drain it about as 
 rapidly as anything we know of. 
 
 When you make cider select nothing but the soundest turnips, chopping 
 them into sled lengths before cradling them. In boiling your cider use plenty 
 of ice, and when boiled hang it up in the sun to dry. 
 
 A pick-ax should never be used in picking apples. It has a tendency to 
 break down the vines and damage the hive. 
 
 In sowing your winter apple-jack a horse-rake will be found preferable to 
 a step-ladder. Step-ladders are liable to freeze up, and are hardly palatable 
 unless boiled with sugar. 
 
 In cutting down hemlock trees for canning, select only the largest. Don't 
 throw away the chips, as they make fine parlor ornaments, encased in rustic 
 frames of salt and vinegar. 
 
 The coming cold weather should suggest to the humane farmer the 
 necessity for a good cow-shed. The following is a receipt for making a good 
 cow-shed : Pour a pailful of boiling hot water on her back, and if that don't 
 make a good cow-shed — her hair — we are no prophet, to anybody. 
 
 Now is the time for planting your winter hay. The pink-eyed-Southdowne 
 is probably the best variety, as it don't need poling and begins to lay early. 
 
. MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 127 
 
 LOYALTY TO THE LAST. 
 
 AT FREDERICKSBURG divisions of United States troops were swung 
 into the contest like as if they were driven by spokes in a wagon wheel. 
 A battery landed on an exposed hillside and was subjected to a withering 
 blast of shot and shell. The commander called to his superior officer, "No 
 battery can live there." Answer — "Then, boys, let the battery die there." And 
 die they did. "In the God of Battles trust — die we may and die we must." 
 And at Gettysburg came the victory, and at the Marne the enemy discovered 
 that American fighters arc still willing to battle and die, if needs be, in a 
 cause so just. Their faith is still in the Jehovah of hosts, the real God of 
 battles, who rules in the armies of Heaven and among the inhabitants of the 
 earth. 
 
 A SURPRISED SOLDIER. 
 
 A SOLDIER hurrying to the front after a stormy battle was accosted by a 
 wounded comrade, who begged to be carried back to the surgeons. He 
 said his "leg was shot off," and he feared death in case he fell into the hands 
 of the rebels. The brave soldier did not know what to do ; his place was in 
 the front, but the comrade plead that his "leg was off" and he must be taken 
 back. He dropped his gun, raised and threw the wounded man over his 
 shoulder, and started for the surgeon's. Just then a shell took off the head of 
 the injured man. 
 
 Presently the soldier encountered his captain, who thus accosted him : 
 
 "Where are you going?" Soldier — "To the surgeon's with my injured 
 comrade." Captain— "Why, the man's head is off." Soldier— "Well, Captain, 
 durned if he didn't tell me it was his leg." — Whitcomb Riley at Press Club 
 Dinner, Pittsburgh. 
 
 CIVIL WAR EPISODE. 
 
 IN DECEMBER, i860, the loyal citizens of Pittsburgh prevented the ship- 
 ment of 150 cannon from the Allegheny arsenal to the Confederates in 
 New Orleans. And thereby hangs a tale. 
 
 John B. Floyd was Secretary of War under President Buchanan, and 
 after dismantling a number of the Northern arsenals, shipping the arms 
 South, the cannon referred to were ordered South. 
 
 The steamer Crystal Wave was at the Monongahela wharf; the streets 
 and wharf were icy, and the guns were being rolled over the wharf to the 
 gang planks. Some had already been placed aboard the steamer, when the 
 movement suddenly halted, and loyal patriots sought to get in touch with the 
 authorities at Washington, as they believed somebody had blundered. But a 
 delay of nearly three days elapsed before the order was received directing the 
 return of the guns to the arsenal. 
 
128 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Meantime the "loyalists" had arranged to have men aboard the boat to 
 sink her before she passed Glass House riffle, in case the countermanding 
 order did not come in time. 
 
 Those three days of suspense are explained in the Memoirs of Edwin M. 
 Stanton, by G. C. Gorham. Stanton was the Attorney General in President 
 Buchanan's cabinet, and a short time later Secretary of War under President 
 Lincoln. 
 
 While in Buchanan's cabinet, Major Anderson had evacuated Fort Moul- 
 trie and entrenched himself in Fort Sumter, and Floyd endeavored to have 
 him returned to Moultrie. Stanton and other members of the cabinet knew of 
 Floyd's treachery, but were unable to bring President Buchanan to their way 
 of thinking. 
 
 It was not until after midnight of the third day's sessions of the cabinet, 
 that Floyd was forced to resign; then came the countermanding order, in 
 obedience to the request of Pittsburgh's loyal citizens, led by the Marshalls, 
 the Diamond alley foundrymen, and others. 
 
 Here is the account of that memorable occasion when the traitor, Floyd, 
 was unmasked, as disclosed in Stanton's Memoirs: 
 
 "Major Anderson, commanding Fort Moultrie, finding his position en- 
 dangered, passed his garrison by a prompt and brilliant movement over to the 
 stronger fortress of Sumter. Whereupon Mr. Floyd, much excited, called 
 upon President Buchanan to say Major Anderson had violated express orders 
 and thereby seriously compromised him (Floyd), and that unless the Major 
 was immediately remanded to Fort Moultrie he should resign the war office. 
 
 The cabinet was assembled directly. 
 
 Mr. Buchanan, explaining the embarrassment of the Secretary of War, 
 remarked that the act of Major Anderson would occasion exasperation in the 
 South. He had told Mr. Floyd that as the government was strong, forbear- 
 ance toward erring brethren might win them back to their allegiance, and 
 that that officer might be ordered back. 
 
 After an ominous silence, the President asked how the suggestion struck 
 the cabinet. It was met with a storm of opposition, lasting for several hours, 
 and an adjournment took place from day to day without results. On the 27th 
 of December an evening session was convened, continuing beyond midnight. 
 
 The proposition to remand Major Anderson to Fort Moultrie was again 
 the subject of hot debate. Mr. Stanton, Attorney General, believing the 
 President would make the order, had his resignation already in writing. 
 
 Here was his final answer to the proposal to return Major Anderson 
 to Fort Moultrie: 
 
 "That course, Mr. President, ought certainly to be regarded as most liberal 
 toward 'erring brethren,' but while one member of your cabinet has fraudu- 
 lent acceptances for millions of dollars afloat, and while the confidential clerk 
 of another — himself in South Carolina teaching rebellion — has just stolen 
 $900,000 from the Indian Trust Fund, the experiment of ordering Major 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 129 
 
 Anderson back to Fort Moultrie would be dangerous. But if you intend to try 
 it, before it is done, I beg that you will accept my resignation." 
 
 "And mine, too," added the Secretary of State, Mr. Black. 
 
 "And mine, also," said the Postmaster General, Mr. Holt. 
 
 This opened the moistened eyes of the President and the meeting resulted in 
 the acceptance of Floyd's resignation. 
 
 After the death of Mr. Stanton a letter was found among his papers, 
 which was read to Judge Holt. In this letter, in 1863, Mr Stanton wrote to a 
 friend, giving the details of Floyd's retirement. 
 
 Judge Holt said it fell far short of what might have been written ; but it 
 was correct as far as it went. Mr. Stanton's protest against acceding to the 
 demands of Floyd was even more vigorous than therein represented. He not 
 only said it would be a crime equal to the crime of Benedict Arnold, and that 
 all who participated in it ought to be hung, like Andre ; but he also said that 
 a President of the United States who would make such an order would be 
 guilty of treason. "At this point," said Judge Holt, "and I remember the 
 scene as though it had happened only yesterday, Mr. Buchanan raised his 
 hands deprecatingly, and said, as if wounded by the intensity of Mr. Stan- 
 ton's language and manner, "Oh, no ; not so bad as that, my friend ; not so bad 
 as that." 
 
 Mr. Stanton immediately wrote his brother-in-law, Hon. Christopher P. 
 Wolcott, on the crisis: "The great contest for the Union commenced a few 
 minutes after I parted from you. On reaching my office I found a summons 
 to a cabinet council. On entering the chamber I found treason, with bold and 
 brazen front, demanding the surrender of Fort Sumter. The contest con- 
 tinued until dark, when the dispute ran so high we adjourned until 8 o'clock in 
 the evening. What followed is now history. The details I will give you when 
 we meet." 
 
 NEW USE OF INITIALS. 
 
 AN IRISHMAN, testifying his devotion to his wife, handed her a pair of 
 partly worn blankets, which he had purchased at a government sale, 
 with the announcement that they bore their name in the lower left hand 
 corner. Pointing to the letters, "U. S." he added : "U for Patrick and S for 
 McCartney." 
 
 A HEAVY WAR TANK. 
 
 WHILE the elephant Hannibal was passing through Maryland, during the 
 Civil War, an ancient colored lady, who had never seen an elephant, 
 met him on the road and throwing up her hands in admiration, exclaimed, 
 "Bress de Lord, what things dey do get up fur dis war !" The old lady took 
 him for a new Yankee invention, and very likely will go to her grave in the 
 full belief that she had seen the terrible engine which finished the rebellion. 
 
i 3 o MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE CIVIL WAR DRAFTEES. 
 
 VERY different indeed was the examination of draftees during the Civil 
 War, and not a great deal of time was wasted, as the queries were 
 principally propounded verbally to the candidate. One day Ed. Wright, the 
 provost marshal, lined up 200 or 300 candidates and at once commenced to 
 call the roll : 
 
 "John Alexander," called the clerk, and John came up limping. "What's 
 your excuse, Alexander?" 
 
 Alexander — "One leg too short." "All right ; exempt," said the marshal. 
 
 "Alex. Thompson." "Yes, sir." 
 
 "Come forward." Thompson, wobbled to the danger line. 
 
 Marshal — "What's your excuse, Thompson?" 
 
 Thompson — "Both legs too short." 
 
 A REMARKABLE CASE. 
 
 A YOUNG man from Worcester, a private in the Fifty-seventh Regiment, 
 in the battle of Cold Harbor, was hit by a ball in the chin, which badly 
 fractured the bone and tore out several teeth. Another ball hit the right 
 shoulder, fractured the shoulder blade, and remains undiscovered. The third 
 ball passed through his abdomen and brought him to the ground. His com- 
 panions dragged him to a hole where his body and head could not be seen by 
 the enemy ; but his legs being exposed, one ball passed through the calf of his 
 leg, another cut a deep grove through his shin, another cut through the top 
 of the instep, and another carried away the next to the great toe. He lay in 
 the hole all day, and was then taken prisoner and starved for several months, 
 yet this young man a year after the battle, was in Worcester, erect and in 
 good health, and not perceptibly lame. His name is E. P. Rockwood. 
 
 FROM SEA TO SEA. 
 
 ON MONDAY evening, May 10, 1869, the Pittsburgh Chronicle contained 
 quite a lengthy account of the origin, history and completion of the Union 
 Pacific Railway, prepared by Mr. James C. Purdy, of the Chronicle staff, and 
 by the way, the only Pittsburgh newspaper represented on the occasion of 
 the excursion opening the new line. While it was building, money was worth 
 2 per cent, a month in California, but government aid was extended and on 
 that date ocean East and West was connected. Building and equipping the 
 entire line cost on an average probably $50,000 per mile, and the government 
 bonds were for $30,000 per mile. The road was finished a year earlier than 
 its most enthusiastic friends expected. "One of its early results will be to 
 secure us two additional lines — a Northern and a Southern. We need them 
 to develop vast mining and farming regions now lying idle; to end, once for 
 all, the Indian troubles ; and to enable us to command that vast commerce of 
 the East for which all the nations are striving." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 131 
 
 WHAT BECAME OF THE FORT SUMTER FLAG. 
 
 ON SEPTEMBER 15, 1863, Secretary of War Stanton wrote Major 
 Anderson for a report of the disposition of the United States Flag 
 saluted and hauled down by the United States garrison at Fort Sumter upon 
 the surrender of the fort, April 14, 1861. Major Anderson reported as 
 follows : 
 
 "On my return to Washington, I mentioned to President Lincoln and 
 Secretary of War Cameron the fact of my having brought the Flag from Fort 
 Sumter, and that it was securely boxed and stored in New York, and that I 
 had never allowed it to be unboxed. I feel that no one can guard the sacred 
 relic as I do, and it is my earnest desire that when Fort Sumter shall — by 
 God's blessing — be again our own I may be permitted by the government to 
 then once more unfurl it; or should I die before that time, that it may be 
 wrapped around my body when it is borne to its last resting place." 
 
 General Anderson's wish was gratified. 
 
 During the bombardment the Flag was shot away, but immediately 
 raised again by Sergeant Peter Hart, First United States Artillery. Upon the 
 evacuation of the fort, Sunday, April 14, 1861, the Flag was saluted with fifty 
 guns, by order of Major Anderson, and then lowered. March 22, 1865, Secre- 
 tary Stanton, by order of President Lincoln, issued General Order No 50, as 
 follows : 
 
 "That at noon, on the 14th of April next, Major-General Anderson will 
 raise and plant upon the ruins at Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor, the 
 same United States Flag that floated over the battlement of that fort during 
 the rebels' assault, and lowered and saluted by him and the small force under 
 his command when the works were evacuated April 14, 1861." It was raised 
 in accordance with this order — saluted by 100 guns, and a national salute from 
 every fort and battery that fired on it when the fort surrendered in '61. Rev. 
 Henry Ward Beecher delivered the oration. 
 
 Three days after the unfurling of the old Flag, General Anderson wrote 
 Secretary Stanton from Fort Monroe, as follows : "The duty assigned to me 
 has been performed. The Flag lowered at Fort Sumter, April 14, 1861, was, 
 by God's blessing, restored to its old standard. Would to God you had been 
 present to witness the ceremony. Great God — what saddening, crushing news 
 meets us !" 
 
 This last sentence of General Anderson's letter referred to the assassina- 
 tion of President Lincoln, which occurred on the night of the day on which 
 the restoration of the old Flag at Fort Sumter took place. 
 
 With the lowering of that Flag, April 14, 1861, Abraham Lincoln's life as 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Union forces during the Civil War began, as did 
 the war itself; and with the raising of it, April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln's 
 life went out and the war came to an end. 
 
 The Flag is now deposited in the office of the Secretary of War in Wash- 
 ington, enclosed in a handsome mahogany case, carefully folded and tied with 
 bands so as to show as much of the Flag and as little of the bullet holes as 
 possible. 
 
132 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE SLACKER IN 1861. 
 
 IT ERE is a poem published early in 1861, on "Why Don't I Enlist?" 
 
 Why don't I enlist? Ah, you see, 
 
 I have reasons that answer me well ; 
 But there is my neighbor, young C, 
 
 Why he stays no person can tell! 
 So hearty and rugged and brave, 
 
 And little to do here, we know ; 
 He hasn't a house nor a field, 
 
 And there isn't a reason to show. 
 
 'Tis true, he's a pretty young wife, 
 
 With a sweet little babe in her arms; 
 But shall man risk the Nation's dear life 
 
 Because a frail woman hath charms? 
 Ah, if he comprehended our need, 
 
 His wife and his babe would be kissed. 
 He would tear their white arms from his neck, 
 
 And come promptly up and enlist. 
 
 But I have a farm and a house, 
 
 And cattle and sheep on the hills; 
 How can I turn from profit and loss 
 
 To think of a sick Nation's ills? 
 What money I'd lose if I went — 
 
 What chances of traffic and gain ! 
 Then think of the comforts of home, 
 
 And the camp and the carnage and slain. 
 
 But there is young Truman Lebloss, 
 
 Whose mother is widowed and old, 
 And he has but little to do, 
 
 Since their farm by the sheriff was sold. 
 If he should enlist and get shot, 
 
 As many a one has before, 
 His mother could come on the town, 
 
 And ask alms at the wealthy man's door. 
 
 'Tis shameful such fellows as he 
 
 Should turn a deaf ear to the call ; 
 That some should be slain by the fire 
 
 Cannot be the fortune of all ! 
 If I only stood in his shoes, 
 
 With no fortune or kin to protect, 
 If I faltered to shoulder my gun, 
 
 I ought to be shot for neglect. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 133 
 
 I am ready to cheer the old Flag, 
 
 And toss up my cap in the air — 
 So long as it costs not a cent, 
 
 By the Union I'm ready to swear! 
 Let the blood of the nation flow out 
 
 Like a river to vanquish its foe, 
 Let each father and brother turn out, 
 
 (But the doctor says I cannot go !) 
 
 THE CIVIL WAR SONGS. 
 
 THE power of a national song which truly reaches the heart of the people, 
 to inspire patriotism in times of peace, or of a thrilling war song to 
 inspire courage and daring in time of war, can not be overestimated. 
 
 The leading generals of the Union army, and even President Lincoln 
 himself, testified to the value of the "Battle Cry of Freedom" as a stimulant 
 and inspiration to the soldier during the Rebellion. In some divisions of the 
 army it was ordered sung at the beginning of engagements. The soldiers said 
 of Dr. Geo. F. Root's songs, "If he will write our songs we'll do his fighting." 
 An officer said that the effect of singing the "Battle Cry" during a certain 
 battle was equal to a brigade of reinforcements. 
 
 The words and music were written by George F. Root, in Chicago, in 
 1861. Mr. Root has written in his autobiography that the song started spon- 
 taneously to his mind on hearing of President Lincoln's second call for troops. 
 It was written out the same day, and sung at a war meeting in Chicago on the 
 next day, by the great war singers, the Lombard Brothers. Before it was 
 finished a thousand voices had joined in the chorus, and from there it ran like 
 wild-fire through the whole army. 
 
 Even the Confederates acknowledged its power, as the following incident 
 will show : A day or two after the surrender of Lee, in April, 1865, a quartet 
 of Union officers met in the room of a friend, in Richmond, and were' soon 
 engaged in singing "War Songs." The house opposite was occupied by 
 paroled Confederate officers. Soon the lady of the house handed in a note to 
 this effect : "Compliments of General and staff. Will the gentle- 
 men kindly allow us to come over and hear them sing?" 
 
 Of course consent was given and they came. As the general entered the 
 room he was recognized as one who stood second only to Lee and Jackson in 
 the whole Confederacy. After introductions and the usual interchange of civil- 
 ities, we sang for them glee and college songs, until, at last, the general said : 
 "Excuse me, gentlemen, you sing delightfully; but what we want to hear is 
 your army songs." Then we gave them the army songs with unction — the 
 "Battle Hymn of the Republic," "John Brown's Body," "We're Coming, Father 
 Abraham," "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys are Marching," through the 
 whole catalogue to the "Star Spangled Banner" — to which many a foot beat 
 time as if it had never stepped to any but the "music of the Union" — and closed 
 our concert with "Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys." 
 
134 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 When the applause had subsided, a tall, fine-looking fellow, in a major's 
 uniform, exclaimed : "Gentlemen, if we'd had your songs we'd have whipped 
 you out of your boots! Who couldn't have marched or fought with such 
 songs? We had nothing, absolutely nothing, except a bastard 'Marseillaise,' 
 the 'Bonnie Blue Flag' and 'Dixie,' which were nothing but jigs. 'Maryland, 
 My Maryland,' was a splendid song, but the old 'Lauriger Horatius' was 
 about as inspiring as the 'Dead March in Saul,' while every one of the Yankee 
 songs is full of marching and fighting spirit." Then turning to the general, 
 he said : "I shall never forget the first time I heard 'Rally 'Round the Flag.' 
 'Twas a nasty night during the 'Seven Days' Fight,' and, if I remember 
 rightly, it was raining. I was on picket, when, just before 'taps,' some fellow 
 on the other side struck up that song and others joined in the chorus, until, it 
 
 seemed to me, the whole Yankee army was singing. Tom B , who was 
 
 with me, sung out : 'Good heavens, Cap, what are those fellows made of, any 
 way? Here we've licked 'em six days running, and now, on the eve of the 
 seventh, they're singing 'Rally 'Round the Flag.' I am not naturally supersti- 
 tious, but I tell you that song sounded to me like the 'knell of doom,' and my 
 heart went down into my boots ; and though I've tried to do my duty, it has 
 been an uphill fight with me since that night." 
 
 The little company of Union singers and Confederate auditors, after a 
 pleasant and interesting interchange of stories of army experiences, then sepa- 
 rated, and as the general shook hands at parting, he said to me: "Well, the 
 time may come when we can all sing the 'Star Spangled Banner' again." This 
 last remark was a prophecy which was fulfilled, as the men of the North and 
 South stood shoulder to shoulder in battle array under the Stars and Stripes 
 against a common foe during the Spanish-American War. 
 
 During the exciting and trying times of the Rebellion, Dr. Root remained 
 in Chicago, and when events happened that could be voiced in song, or when 
 the heart of the Nation was moved by war circumstances, he wrote what he 
 thought would then express the emotions of the people or the soldiers. "Just 
 Before the Battle, Mother" was written shortly after "The Battle Cry of 
 Freedom ;" and in it Dr. Root described what appeared to him would be the 
 thoughts of a soldier on the eve of an engagement. 
 
 A CIVIL WAR INCIDENT. 
 
 THE warehouse situated at the corner of Penn and Wayne, now Tenth 
 street, was occupied by several parties, including the United States, 
 which had 66,706 small arms deposited, many of which, being loaded, on be- 
 coming heated during a disastrous fire were discharged, causing a frightful scene 
 of dismay among all in the neighborhood of the sad disaster, resulting in the 
 death of a young man named Albert Keck. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 135 
 
 GETTYSBURG. 
 
 ON A beautiful moonlight night in July, 1918, 55 years after the battle, the 
 author of this volume walked for over three hours over the Gettysburg 
 battle fields, completing the trip next day by a drive in an auto for 19 miles. 
 My visit was told at length in the Pittsburgh Dispatch, July 21, 1918, part of 
 which is appended: 
 
 "Motoring to Gettysburg, Monday morning, July 14, 1918, on every hand 
 along the Lincoln Highway were to be observed evidences of wartime spirit. 
 Besides the red, white and blue and the 'L' on the telegraph poles, were 
 service flags and the Star Spangled Banner. 
 
 "Just beyond Greensburg was a long train of motor trucks labeled '2 M 
 C, U S A,' en route to 'over the seas,' heartily acclaimed by everyone within 
 reach, and it was stated similar motor trains passed over the highway every 
 two or three nights. 
 
 "Just west of Chambersburg another train of motor trucks, 37 in all, 
 laden with supplies for camps, etc., was encountered with orders to mobilize 
 at Chambersburg. 
 
 "Camp Colt, at Gettysburg, on Monday morning, showed 8,600 soldiers, 
 enlisted men only, in the light and heavy tank service department. That 
 morning 700 were forwarded. Tuesday morning 600 followed to 'Some- 
 where.' Those boys own the town and come and go as they please, so that 
 they are in camp at 10:30 p. m. 
 
 "Only 1 per cent, of sickness among the soldiers in the camp was re- 
 ported. 
 
 "The soldiers get an inspiration as they linger in the National cemetery, 
 or as they while away the hours among the monuments ; and get so warmed 
 up as to chafe because they cannot get to the front. Sixteen thousand acres of 
 ground, 25 miles of drives and untold sums of money expended in token of 
 American love for the heroes of the Civil War, certainly inspires the volun- 
 teers in Camp Colt. 
 
 "The soldiers were very much agitated and depressed over Monday's 
 news of the new Hun drive, but greatly rejoiced on Tuesday by the reports 
 of the brilliant achievements of the American and French soldiers. 
 
 "The return was made over the National Highway, reached by a 34- 
 mile ride over a splendid road from Gettysburg to Hagerstown, the very road 
 over which the rebels retreated in their precipitate flight 55 years ago." 
 
 THE THREE DAYS BATTLE 
 
 THE battle of Gettysburg, the decisive engagement of the Civil War, was 
 fought on July 1, 2 and 3, 1863, between the Federal Army of the Potomac, 
 under Gen. George G. Meade, and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, 
 under Gen. Robert E. Lee. The battle, which ended in a victory for the Federals, 
 came at a critical time in the fortune of both the North and the South, the Fed- 
 erals having suffered a severe defeat at Chancellorsville, while a Southern army 
 was being besieged at Vicksburg by Gen. Grant. 
 
 There was severe fighting on the first day, Gen. Reynolds being among the 
 slain, and late in the afternoon the Federals took up a strong position along 
 Cemetery Hill, south of Gettysburg, and both Meade and Lee brought forward 
 
i 3 6 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 their main armies. On the second day, July 2, there was a comparative lull until 
 4 o'clock in the afternoon, when Gen. Longstreet vigorously attacked the Federal 
 left. There was desperate fighting, prolonged into the night, and the second day 
 closed with the advantage in favor of the Federals. 
 
 On the third day Lee determined to assault the Federal center. At 1 p. m. 
 a terrific cannonading was opened by the Confederates, who centered the fire 
 from 138 guns on Cemetery Ridge. This was answered by the Federal artillery 
 of 80 guns, and at the end of half an hour the latter ceased firing in order to save 
 ammunition and cool the guns in preparation for the anticipated Confederate 
 assault. Believing the Federals had exhausted their ammunition, Lee ordered 
 an advance, and Gen. Pickett's division of 5,000 men, with their commander at the 
 head, and supported on the right by Gen. Wilcox with 5,000 men, and on the left 
 by Gen. Pettigrew with 5,000 men, moved steadily forward in three columns. 
 
 Suddenly the Federal guns thundered forth again, but the Confederates ad- 
 vanced, their ranks torn by solid shot, shell and canister, until within about 300 
 yards of the Federal lines. Then the Federal infantry poured in a destructive 
 volley, and the troops of Wilcox and Pettigrew fell back demoralized. The sur- 
 vivors in Pickett's division swept forward, however, and even succeeded in 
 piercing the Federal line, but they were overwhelmed, slain, captured and driven 
 from the field. It is estimated that two-thirds of Pickett's division were killed, 
 wounded or captured in this famous charge. At the same time Stuart's cavalry 
 charge on the Federal right was frustrated after severe fighting. 
 
 Thus ended the three-day struggle at Gettysburg. The tide of battle had 
 turned and Lee began his retreat the following night. Thereafter the cause of 
 the Confederates was a losing one. The total losses of the Federals in the battle 
 of Gettysburg have been placed at 3,072 killed, 14,497 wounded, and 5,434 cap- 
 tured or missing; those of the Confederates at 2,592 killed, 12,709 wounded and 
 5,150 captured or missing. 
 
 NEVER JUDGE BY APPEARANCES. 
 
 A MAN traveling in the far West, towards nightfall, chanced at a cabin on 
 the edge of a dense wood. He was told it would be dangerous to proceed 
 into the wood until daybreak. He did not like the appearance of the cabin, 
 nor was he struck with the hard face of the old man who talked with him, 
 especially as he had about $600 in cash on his person. But it was Hobson's 
 choice, and the very cordial invitation to remain over night only made him the 
 more nervous. 
 
 But about 9 o'clock all anxiety was relieved by the elderly man, who said : 
 "Stranger, we go to bed early here and are up early ; so you can leave at day- 
 break, if you wish. And I don't know what your custom is, but we have 
 prayer before we go to bed, and we would be pleased to have you join us." 
 
 He did so, slept soundly all night, and learned the great lesson, "Never to 
 judge by appearances alone." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 137 
 
 A TEN YEAR HISTORY IN RHYME. 
 
 A BRIEF history in rhyme of the years 1861 to 1872 is appended : 
 
 It was in eighteen hundred and sixty-one 
 
 That the dreadful war begun ; 
 
 It was in eighteen hundred and sixty-two 
 
 The bombs and bullets swiftly flew ; 
 
 In eighteen hundred and sixty-three 
 
 They planned to set the Negroes free; 
 
 In eighteen hundred and sixy-four 
 
 Sherman marched to the Atlantic shore ; 
 
 In eighteen hundred and sixty-five 
 
 The rebs were glad to get home alive ; 
 
 In eighteen hundred and sixty-six 
 
 A. J. played his little tricks ; 
 
 In eighteen hundred and sixty-seven 
 
 Equal rights to the States were given ; 
 
 In eighteen hundred and sixty-eight 
 
 U. S. Grant took the helm of State ; 
 
 In eighteen hundred and sixty-nine 
 
 Boutwell swept away of the debt a mine ; 
 
 In eighteen hundred and seventy 
 
 The Ku-Klux did their deviltry ; 
 
 In eighteen hundred and seventy-one 
 
 The commission began their Ku-Klux fun ; 
 
 In eighteen hundred and seventy-two 
 
 Grant put the Greeleyites and Ku-Klux through. 
 
 HE EARNED THE TIP.- 
 
 A SMALL boy doing utility work in the store of Elder Johnson, every Sat- 
 urday evening walked a mile to the home of the minister with a basket 
 of produce, and this set speech, "A basket and the compliments of Mr. John- 
 son." Now it so happeend that the boy got nothing extra, either as mileage or 
 a tip from the pastor. But the new boy wouldn't fall for it, and on his first 
 trip dropped the basket with the remark, "A basket of grub for your Sunday 
 dinner." 
 
 Pastor — "And you are the new boy?" 
 
 Boy— "Yes, sir." 
 
 Pastor — "Now, you be the preacher; I'll be the boy, and I'll show you 
 how to grow up to be courteous, manly and a good citizen." 
 
 Pastor — "A basket with the compliments of Mr. Johnson." 
 
 Boy — "Just take it back to the Missus in the kitchen and tell her to give 
 you a quarter." 
 
138 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE ROMANCE OF PITTSBURGH. 
 
 WILLIAM ARCHER, the London dramatic critic, writing to the Boston 
 Transcript, says: 
 
 "To anyone with a spark of imagination the United States is the most 
 fascinating country in the world. Its past is romantic, its present marvelous, 
 its future inconceivable. 
 
 "Let me give one instance of the romance of the past that clings to so 
 many places in America. I will not speak of Lexington or Concord; I will 
 not speak of Mount Vernon or Charlestown; I will speak of the place in all 
 America which most people in England, perhaps, think of as the very antith- 
 esis of romance — I mean Pittsburgh. It is called 'hell with the lid off,' and 
 I don't say it does not merit that term of endearment ; but to stand on the big 
 bluff over against the city and look down upon the confluence of the Alle- 
 gheny and Monongahela (most beautiful of words!) is to experience a strange 
 and complex emotion. For the two rivers (each as great as the Rhine or the 
 Rhone) unite to form the magnificent Ohio. And the Ohio rolls on into the 
 mightier Mississippi; and down these gigantic waterways the first French 
 adventurers paddled thousands of leagues through the boundless, sinister wil- 
 derness; and Martin Chuzzlewit and Mark Tapley sought the city of Eden; 
 and Huckleberry Finn and Jim went drifting through an Odyssey which I, 
 for one, believe to be as surely immortal as any story in this world. A few 
 miles up the Monongahela is the spot where General Braddock, with George 
 Washington and George Warrington in his train, fell into the fatal ambush. 
 And there, at the very tip of the tongue of land between the two rivers, 
 nestling in the shadow of the skyscrapers like a beehive under St. Peter's, is 
 the little octagonal blockhouse, pierced for musketry, which was once Fort 
 Duquesne, and after that Fort Pitt, and from which the city takes its name. 
 Of the titanic, lurid picturesqueness of the scene I shall not attempt to speak. 
 I have merely tried to suggest a few of the historic and literary associations 
 which cluster around the spot itself, and the vast river system to which it is, 
 as it were, the northeastern gateway. How anyone can find America prosaic 
 or uninteresting passes my comprehension." 
 
 THE EDITOR. 
 
 AN EXCHANGE says : "Most anyone can be an editor. All the editor has 
 got to do is sit at a desk six days out of the week, four weeks of the 
 month, and twelve months of the year, and 'edit' such stuff as this : 
 
 " 'Mrs. Jones of Cactus Creek let a can opener slip last week and cut her- 
 self in the pantry.' 'A mischievous lad of Pinktown threw a stone and struck 
 Mr. Pike in the alley last Tuesday.' 'John Doe climbed on the roof of his 
 house last week looking for a leak and fell striking himself on the back porch.' 
 'While Harold Green was escorting Miss Violet Wise from the church social 
 last Saturday night a savage dog attacked them and bit Mr. Green several 
 times on the public square.' 'Isaiah Trimmer, of Running Creek, was playing 
 with a cat Friday when it scratched him on the veranda.' 'Mr. Fong, while 
 harnessing a broncho last Saturday, was kicked just south of the corn crib.' " 
 
XTales Gbat Ere XLolb 
 
Tales that will interest little children, 
 
 And lure old men from the chimney corners. 
 
fiTT 1 
 
 MEMORY'S M.ILESTONES. 141 
 
 TALES THAT ARE TOLD. 
 
 ALES that will interest little children and lure old men from the chim- 
 ney corners." 
 
 AN OFFERING OR COLLECTION. 
 
 DR. JAMES T. M'CRORY "sat with me by the fire,'" to explain the dif- 
 ference between "an offering and a collection." Little Freddie had a 
 dog Fido, to whom he was fondly attached. One day he began separating 
 some choice pieces of chicken for Fido when his mother admonished him that, 
 the meal over, there would be plenty of bones and left-overs for the dog. 
 
 The little fellow said nothing until the repast was concluded, and then, 
 presenting a plate full of scraps to the dog, said : 
 
 "Here, Fido ; I intended to give you an offering, but you will have to be 
 satisfied with a collection." 
 
 THE READY IRISH WIT. 
 
 MARCUS W. LEWIS, the old Captain of the "night watch" in Pittsburgh 
 40 years and more ago, came and "sat by the fire," and he rehearsed many 
 incidents of men and women "seeing things at night." Here is the gem: 
 
 There resided in Turtle Creek a waggish Irishman, engaged in raising 
 produce, who in later years filled a position in the Court House. He came to 
 Pittsburgh regularly with his splendid team of horses, disposed of his produce 
 and then "tanked up," ending with his team impounded in Rody Patterson's 
 livery stable and himself in a cell in the Diamond alley station house. 
 
 A new mayor had just been inaugurated and the first night he saw his 
 friend John behind the bars, he notified Captain Lewis to release him at day 
 break, give him an order for his team and send him home. 
 
 Judge of his astonishment when, at the hearing at 7 a. m., John was in line, 
 Captain Lewis reported him unable to go home. 
 
 The mayor gave John a good scolding and ordered him sent back until he 
 became sober. 
 
 John straightened himself a little and looking intently at the mayor, said : 
 
 "Here I am, and badly fitted, 
 
 My horses in pound, myself committed ; 
 
 But for my horses I do not care, 
 
 For they'll be horses when you're not mayor." 
 
 "Discharged," said the mayor, and John got his team and returned home. 
 
142 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 ODE TO THE MOSQUITO. 
 
 ' E HAD been in the Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, August 21, 1878 — that is 
 
 w 
 
 the Western Pennsylvania Editors and their wives — and on returning 
 to the surface, after the long tour, at an early hour in the morning, the recep- 
 tion by the offensive Southern pest, the mosquito, was almost unbearable. 
 
 Marion Ogden, of Pittsburgh, one of the survivors, dashed off the ap- 
 pended ode, for place in an autograph album historical of the trip : 
 
 Oh ! tiny one with gauzy wings, 
 That nightly by my bedside sings, 
 Sweet peans of a fair South land, 
 With rivers golden and forests grand; 
 Why dost thou linger by my side, 
 Unmindful of both time and tide ; 
 Each tuneful effort more and more 
 Reveals thy horrid thirst for gore. 
 
 'OUT THERE." 
 
 IT IS true the sermon was a little bit longer than usual ; and it may be it was 
 a bit tiresome ; but the preacher was right on the observant line. "Weighed 
 in the balances and found wanting" was the text, and just as the eleventh man 
 arose and took his leave, the parson exclaimed in a very loud voice, "That's 
 right ; as fast as you are weighed pass out." The exodus was checked. 
 
 HOW HE HELD THE AUDIENCE. 
 
 WHEN a man begins to talk statistics usually his audience thins out. 
 There is an instance the very reverse of this, however. A lecturer says 
 one afternoon he talked to an audience of 600 men for two hours on the driest 
 kind of statistics, and during that whole discourse not a single man left his 
 chair. It was in the Western Penitentiary. 
 
 AND HAY COMES HIGH. 
 
 SPEAKING of obstinate jurymen, this story is told by a Court House offi- 
 cer. The jury had been tied up in the jury room for three days, in an 
 effort to agree upon a verdict, one man stubbornly refusing to an agreement. 
 The men were paying for their own meals, of course. At noon on the fourth 
 day the tipstaff inquired, "Dinner again?" "Yes," gruffly said the foreman. 
 "Twelve dinners?" mused the tipstaff. "No, sir," yelled the foreman; "11 din- 
 ners ; one bale of hay." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 143 
 
 WHAT DID HE MEAN ? 
 
 THEY had visited the Zoo and thoroughly enjoyed all the animals, when 
 suddenly Mike called Pat to the cage of monkeys. Watching them for 
 awhile, Mike said : "I like to watch the little fellows. They're so human like." 
 Pat— "Go along wid yez; they're no more human than I am." 
 
 A REMARKABLE ALIBI. 
 
 CHANG and Eng, the Siamese twins, joined by a bond of flesh, never had 
 any public trouble, save once, in their lives. There was a great tem- 
 perance parade, and Chang was looking on, as he was an avowed prohibition- 
 ist. Eng suddenly turned up in the vicinity as drunk as a lord, and fired bricks at 
 the procession, with the result that both were arrested. They were not tried 
 for the offense until the next day, as Chang's friends were bound to prove his 
 innocence. So they filled Chang with hot water and Eng with whisky, and a 
 jury agreed that in 15 minutes both were drunk "on hot whiskey punches, by the 
 smell of their breath." Chang was therefore discharged and Eng was sent to 
 jail for 10 days. 
 
 A PRIMEVAL FOREST. 
 
 THE illustrious Tom Reed, of the House of Representatives, Washington, D. 
 C, was wont to say when the hot waves swept over the capital, "Oh, for a 
 lodge in some vast primeval forest !" Challenged one day to explain what he meant 
 by a primeval forest, he answered : "A forest where the hand of man has never 
 set foot." 
 
 CHANCELLOR S. B. McCORMICK. 
 
 JUST here one may put the "greatest story teller," the author of this volume, 
 in juxtaposition with "the best money getter," as seen by Mr. Chas. A. 
 Rook, editor of the Dispatch, in a personal tribute to Chancellor 13. B. Mc- 
 Cormick, of the University of Pittsburgh, whose energy and ability in securing 
 the financing of that great institution is known of everybody. This incident 
 happened in the railroad depot at Harrisburg, where Mr. Rook was talking with 
 several friends, all waiting for a train to this city. As the chancellor passed 
 by mutual greetings were exchanged. 
 
 "There goes the best money getter in Pittsburgh," said Mr. Rook, in com- 
 pliment to Mr. McCormick. 
 
 Just at this moment a reflective mood must have swept over the chancellor, 
 for returning to the crowd he said : 
 
 "Charley, I've got to go to Philadelphia and I'm a little short of money. 
 Can you let me have twenty dollars?" 
 
 "Sure!" And Mr. Rook went down into his jeans. 
 
 As the chancellor walked away with the twenty, Mr. Rook turned to his 
 friends, saying, "What'd I tell ye?" 
 
144 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 BEFORE AND AFTER. 
 
 TALK about McCormick and others' pathetic singing. Charley Case said 
 of his sister Mary that she never sang anywhere, but that there were 
 groups of people crying. In fact, people would frequently cry when it was 
 announced that Mary was going to sing. 
 
 DESTINATION OF NO CONSEQUENCE. 
 
 TWO ladies got on a Smithfield street car, at the B. & O. depot. One said, 
 "Let me off at Fifth avenue." The other one, "And me off at Sixth 
 avenue." 
 
 The new conductor, "No, you'll not, ayther ; you both got on together and 
 you'll both get off together." 
 
 IDENTIFICATION IMPOSSIBLE. 
 
 THE list of war casualties had been published when the marshal's office 
 was invaded by a stranger, who announced he was after information 
 concerning a missing soldier. 
 
 Inquirer — "I am looking for one McPherson, of Regiment 180." 
 
 Marshal (looking over roster) — "There are n McPhersons in this regiment." 
 
 Inquirer — "But my mon is Sandy McPherson." 
 
 Marshal (after a moment or so) — "There are four Sandy McPhersons in 
 the regiment." 
 
 Inquirer — "The mon I am looking for has red hair." 
 
 Marshal — "Three of them in the regiment have red hair." 
 
 Inquirer (in despair) — "The Sandy McPherson in particular I am after 
 has the itch." 
 
 The Marshal — "Why, mon, all the McPhersons have the itch." 
 
 The above is one of Judge J. A. Evans' stories that always elicits 
 laughter. 
 
 DEFENDERS AT LAST. 
 
 MARK TWAIN is credited with having said that no one has ever been 
 found brave enough to take up a gun in defense of his "boarding house." 
 Hoover and George did their best on the offensive in this direction. 
 
 AN IRISH BULL. 
 
 "S 
 
 MILING and all the time I was gritting my teeth behind my back." An 
 Irishman's explanation of how to be cheerful under all circumstances. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 145 
 
 A NARROW ESCAPE. 
 
 A PROMINENT Pittsburgh bank president had his eye upon a young fel- 
 low, teller in a leading bank, and he asked a friend to look him up and 
 report to his cashier. The report was very good and the cashier was told that 
 added to his other traits of character for a banker he was as "mum as a clam." 
 
 Some days afterward the cashier made his report to the president, and the 
 matter was dropped. 
 
 Meeting the president later the mutual friend asked if he secured the 
 services of the young man in question. 
 
 Surprised, the president answered in the negative, and added, "Your 
 report to the cashier settled it." 
 
 "How so?" said the gentleman. 
 
 The President — "You said the young fellow was as 'dumb as an oyster.' " 
 
 MAKING THE EAGLE SCREAM. 
 
 MR. OWENS, opposing Breckenridge for Congress, said : "He who would 
 wear the civic crown and occupy a seat in Congress must approach it 
 with fear and trembling. By the heavens that bend over me, and the hills that 
 seem eternal, I will return it unstained by dishonor." 
 
 NOTHING TO SHOOT AT. 
 
 AN IRISHMAN, claiming to be an expert with a shot gun, had a chance 
 at two partridges and shot neither. Asked how he accounted for it, he 
 said : "Now, how could I, whin the report of the gun frightened both of thim 
 away?" 
 
 A SURPRISING ALTERNATIVE. 
 
 THE City Detectives rounded up a rather attractive looking man, of middle 
 age, who they said would not or could not satisfactorily account for his 
 presence in the city. The magistrate, failing to elicit proper answers to ques- 
 tions, ordered the stranger to leave at once for Philadelphia, or go to jail for 
 three months. Grabbing his hat, the man said, "Me for the jail, Judge." 
 
 BAD FOR BANGOR. 
 
 A DRUNKEN man wandered into a graveyard in Bangor, Me., fell asleep 
 on a mound and was not disturbed until daybreak, when, aroused by 
 the early postman's horn, he rubbed his eyes, looked about him and remarked, 
 "What! No one risen but me? Speaks bad for Bangor." 
 
146 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 HOLDING OFFICE. 
 
 P°i 
 
 OLITICIANS call it holding office, because they aren't going to let loose, 
 if they can prevent it. 
 
 "WHAT'S THE SCORE ?" 
 
 ANEW YORK editor has a rule that, no matter how late or early he ar- 
 rives at his home, he always visits the sleeping room of his boys to see 
 if they are snug and warm. Not long ago, on returning from Pittsburgh, he 
 entered the bed room of two of his boys. It was about 2 o'clock a. m. Just as 
 he laid his hand on the youngest lad he sat upright, rubbed his eyes and yelled 
 out, "What's the score?" His dad had made a home run. 
 
 A FELICITOUS REJOINDER. 
 
 CALHOUN and Webster were engaged in a conversation at the foot of the 
 Capitol steps in Washington City, when a driver came by with a dozen 
 mules tied at the necks with a rope. They were prancing and dancing about 
 and finally rounded up on the sidewalk in violent misbehavior. 
 
 Mr. Calhoun — "Mr. Webster, I notice here a delegation of your constit- 
 uents from Massachusetts." 
 
 Mr. Webster — "Yes, Mr. Calhoun, on their way South to teach school." 
 
 THE REASON FOR FAILURE. 
 
 A COURT HOUSE officer, a close observer in politics, says the reason why 
 so many politicians fail is too much familiarity with John Barleycorn. 
 In fact, as we "sat by the fire," he said : 
 
 "A glass in the morning is good for the sight, 
 And nineteen or twenty betwixt that and night." 
 
 MORE SOCIABILITY WANTED. 
 
 PAT was lowering heavy tile in a barrel from the top of a 10-story building 
 to the sidewalk. The barrel was overloaded, and so much so that Pat 
 was dragged at the end of the rope to the top of the building. When the 
 barrel struck the pavement it was shattered, and released of its weight, Pat 
 started down at a more rapid gait than he made the ascent. Workmen on each 
 floor gazed in astonishment at the flight both up and down, and when the 
 aviator had landed, called out, "Pat, are you hurt?" "Get away wid ye; I 
 passed you twice in a minute and not one of yez as much as spoke to me ; yez 
 are not a bit sociable." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 147 
 
 IDENTIFICATION COMPLETE. 
 
 A TRAVELING man who tread on and tore the costly dress of a lady as 
 she entered one of the hotels early yesterday, begged her pardon, with 
 "Excuse me, lady. I'm a traveling man from Montreal." 
 
 At noon a similar mishap occurred in one of the railway stations, with the 
 pardon and "I'm a traveling man from Montreal." In the evening, while 
 "auto" riding, the lady was again encountered on an interesting stock farm. A 
 vociferous donkey annoyed the visitors greatly, and particularly the traveling 
 man, who made bold to ask the lady, "What is that noisy little animal ?" 
 
 The Lady — "I think he is the traveling man from Montreal." 
 
 NEW MEANING FOR. S. O. S. 
 
 WHEN Col. Jasper Smith was running for Congress, literature on all sides 
 emblazoned the letters S. O. S. Ever and anon the question came, "What 
 do the letters represent?" And the answer was, "Save Our Ship" — good; 
 "Save our Schools" — good. But the political enemies of Smith accomplished 
 his political retirement by a card stating the literal meaning of the letters to be 
 "Soak Old Smith." 
 
 DENOMINATION NOT MENTIONED. 
 
 <<TV7HEN de collection is on, I want all you people down in de pews to 
 W contribute accordin' to yo' means," said Brother Jasper. The deacon 
 reported the amount of the collection — 39 cents, which was the occasion of a 
 blast from the pulpit. 
 
 Minister — "I tole yo' to contribute accordin' to yo' means. I think yo' 
 contributed accordin' to yo' 'meanness.' " 
 
 BETTER THAN A SIGN BOARD. 
 
 A SMALL boy undertook to direct the traveling preacher to the pulpit he 
 was to fill one Sunday morning. The urchin was encountered at the 
 village blacksmith shop and inquiry was made for the road to Spring Hill 
 Church. Said the lad: "Stranger, go out this road about a mile; then turn to 
 your right, walk three-quarters of a mile and you will come to a little red 
 school house. Take the road to the left just beyond it to the woods just at 
 the top of the hill ; and then, then stranger — By thunder ! I think you're lost." 
 
148 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 WAS IT OVERDRAWN ? 
 
 TWO young girl friends got married about the same time. Shortly after the 
 honeymoon they were comparing notes, and this conversation ensued : 
 
 First Young Woman — "I have the best husband in the world. He tells 
 me everything that occurs to him every day." 
 
 Second Young Girl — "And I, too, have a good husband. He tells me a 
 great many things that don't occur." 
 
 THE HIGH COST OF LIVING. 
 
 ERASTUS ANDERSON, arraigned for desertion and non-support, demanded 
 of his wife what she had done with his allowance for the previous week, 
 and informed the jedge he had given her "a peanut and an onion." This, in 
 view of the high cost of living, was construed by the Judge as a rather liberal 
 allowance. He therefore asked the litigants if he returned them to their home 
 they might not be able to live in peace and harmony. Mrs. Erastus : "Dat's 
 jest the trubble, Jedge ; he doan provide the peas and hominy." 
 
 LABORS OF LOVE. 
 
 ACCORDING to a proverb, the labors of love are light ones. In reality, 
 also, this is often the case, and a good illustration is the story told by 
 Kate Douglas Wiggin. She met, it seems, a little girl in the East Side of New 
 York carrying a huge bundle wrapped up in a shawl. She spoke to the child, 
 and said: 
 
 "My dear, where are you going? May I not help you to carry your bun- 
 dle ? It looks too heavy for you." 
 
 The child looked up, and with wonder in her eyes, exclaimed : 
 
 "Why, it's not heavy ! It's my brother !" 
 
 ONE AT A TIME. 
 
 MISTAKING the hoots and yells, cat calls, etc., for applause, an alleged 
 actor in a Western city bowed again and again, while the manager at 
 the wings was frantically doing his best to wave the fellow into retirement, to 
 end the riot. 
 
 "At length," said the alleged actor, "a committee secured a basket of eggs, 
 but when they returned to the theater they could not get close enough to me 
 to present the basket, the stage having been piled full of chairs and other 
 portable furniture; but the men withdrew a distance and threw me the eggs 
 one at a time." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 149 
 
 PER CURIAM. 
 
 ELSEWHERE reference is had to Judge James P. Sterrett, but two inci- 
 dents are recalled when his kindly suggestions did not evoke the proper 
 replies. 
 
 He was hearing a divorce case in which both the man and woman were 
 above the ordinary intelligence. He thought he could adjudicate the case, and 
 wanted to know why they could not talk it over and settle their differences. 
 The woman jumped to her feet and wildly shouted: "He charges me with 
 incompatibility of temper." "And," said the Judge, "he may have good 
 grounds for his statement." 
 
 Again the Judge had shown leniency in sentencing a prisoner, and so 
 informed him. The prisoner, however, didn't quite coincide in this view, and 
 remarked: "Well, Judge, when I come out my whiskers will be as long as 
 yours." 
 
 The Judge stroked his long, flowing whiskers, trying to hide a smile, and 
 the sentence not having been recorded, was extended for a year, that full 
 growth might be assured. 
 
 ROSCOE CONKLING. 
 
 IN THE days when James G. Blaine, Roscoe Conkling, Charles Sumner and 
 others were in Congress at Washington, there were often sharp passages at 
 arms between those great leaders and lesser lights. 
 
 On one occasion, in an attack upon Conkling, his opponent said : 
 "There was a little Senator, 
 And he had a little curl, 
 
 And it hung down on his forehead, 
 And when he was good 
 He was very, very good, 
 
 But when he was bad he was horrid." 
 
 Conkling's only answer was : 
 "Fe, fi, fo, fum, 
 The shallows murmur while the deeps are dumb." 
 
 A SUBMARINE. 
 
 RACHAEL, her husband and Ikey arrived at the ferry landing, and after 
 refusing to pay the price for the lad, concluded to swim the stream. 
 Jake was in the lead; next came Rachael, but soon Ikey was nowhere to be 
 seen. Suddenly Jake said: "Rachael, Rachael, where is Ikey?" "Never mind, 
 Jakey ; I have got him by the hand." 
 
ISO MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 VERY ACCOMMODATING. 
 
 WHEN the conductor told the complaining passenger if he was not satis- 
 fied with the speed of the train to get off and walk, he innocently said 
 he would do so were it not that his friends would not be looking for him until 
 the train arrived at the station. He didn't care to loaf at the station lest he 
 might be run in as a slacker by the Work or Fight League. 
 
 ACCOUNTED FOR. 
 
 AND now the girl that wears thin shoes 
 In spite of mud and par and mar, 
 And doth her little feet abuse, 
 
 Plays mostly on the "sweet catarrh." 
 
 CARRIED TOO FAR. 
 
 SUNNY spring and smiling weather 
 Brings the boys and girls together, 
 Rambling in the leafy wood 
 In a gay and pleasant mood. 
 Bees and birds and buds and things — 
 And, and — Busted at the last turn of the crank. 
 
 AN UMBRELLA STORY. 
 
 A MAN entered a down town restaurant, hung up his silk umbrella and 
 attached to it a card reading, "This umbrella belongs to a man who can 
 strike a blow equal to 200 lbs. to the square inch. He will be back in an hour." 
 The fellow who took the umbrella left this card: "The man who took the 
 umbrella can run 10 miles in an hour. He will not be back." 
 
 DEAF BUT NOT DUMB. 
 
 YOUNG LOVER — "I say, old man, I want to marry your daughter." 
 Deaf Old Parent — "You want to borrow my halter. It's already lent." 
 
 Clarifying the situation, the young man said : "I've got gold and I'm rich." 
 
 Deaf Man — "You've got the cold and the itch, eh? Well, get out of here; 
 we've got the itch ourselves." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 151 
 
 A FAMOUS IRISH LETTER. 
 
 AT A public school exhibition in Pittsburgh more than 60 years ago, a 
 young girl, still living, recited this famous "Irish Letter" : 
 
 "Dear Larry : — I haven't sent yez a letter since the last time I wrote yez, 
 bekase we moved from our former place of living and I didn't know whether 
 a letter would reach yez or not. I now wid pleasure take up my pen to inform 
 yez of the death of your own living uncle, Kilpatrick, who died very suddenly, 
 after a lingering illness of six months. The poor man was in violent convul- 
 sions the whole time of his sickness, lying perfectly quiet and spachless, all 
 the time talking incoherently and calling for water. I had no opportunity to 
 inform yez of his death, except I had wrote to yez by the last post, and it went 
 off two days before he died, and then yez would have to pay the postage. 
 
 "I am at a loss to tell what occasioned his death, but I fear it was eating 
 pays and gravy stufed with rabbits, or rabbits stufed with pays and gravy, I 
 can't tell which, but as soon as he breathed his last the docthors gave up all 
 hopes of his recovery. Pore soul, he'll never eat or drink any more. I needn't 
 tell you about his age, for yez know he was 25 years old lacking tin months, 
 and had he lived till that time, he would have been six months dead. Now, you 
 haven't a living relative but what was kilt in the last war. His property 
 devolves to his next in kin, who all died some time ago, so I expect it will be 
 divided between us, and yez know his property was very consitherable, for he 
 had a fine estate, which went to pay his debts, and the remainder he lost on a 
 horse race. 
 
 "It was the opinion of everybody he would have won the race if the horse 
 he run against had not been too fast for him. 
 
 When Terry McGee arrives in Americy ax him for this letter and if he 
 don't know which one it is, tell him its the one that speaks of yer uncle's death, 
 and is saled in black. Don't open the letter for three or four days after yez 
 receive it, by which time yez will be prepared for the sorrowful tidings con- 
 tained within. Don't brake the sale when yez open the letter. Your auld 
 sweetheart sends her love to yez, unbeknowns to me. 
 
 "Your afectionate auld grandmother, 
 
 "Judy O'flanagan, 
 
 "to Larry O'flanagan, late of Tullymugherthy, Ireland." 
 
 UNPREPAREDNESS. 
 
 THE groom at the banquet was completely taken by surprise when the 
 toastmaster called on him for a response to the toast "Woman." He 
 endeavored to apologize for being caught unprepared, and turning to the 
 bride, where he evidently expected sympathy, received but a withering glance 
 when he said, "This thing is thrust upon me." 
 
152 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 OFF THE TRACK. 
 
 TRAVELER — "Conductor, this is an awful rough road." 
 Conductor — "All right; no one asked you to ride on this road. Get off 
 and walk." 
 
 Traveler (half an hour later) — "Conductor, will you have a cigar?" 
 Conductor — "Thank you ; I will smoke it later." 
 Traveler — "Conductor, we are running a little smoother now." 
 Conductor — "Yes ; we're off the track." 
 
 WHERE A BASSO WAS NEEDED. 
 
 THE brakeman had a very shrill voice and announced the stations in such a 
 falsetto high key as to annoy an old gentleman, who evidently did not 
 know where to get off. He asked the brakeman several times to more clearly 
 call out the stations, and finally threatened to report him, when the brakeman, 
 in a high, piping voice, said : "Do you think McAdoo can get a basso for this 
 train at $30 per month?" 
 
 THE PESSIMIST LOOSE AGAIN. 
 
 THE pessimist is loose again. He is lamenting the decline of the prayer 
 meeting and bewailing the future outlook. "Some years ago," he says, 
 "it was the bicycle, then the automobile, and in the future it will the flying 
 machine. Then the church members, as they soar over the church spire, will 
 look down and 'Shout while passing through the air, Farewell, farewell, sweet 
 hour of prayer.' " 
 
 A DISTINCTION WITH A DIFFERENCE. 
 
 A RICH Eastern banker spent a fortune gathering together every known 
 musical instrument to be found. At a great reception to his friends he 
 had present a talented young man who deftly played upon every musical 
 device catalogued, from the harp to the mandolin. At length he asked the 
 host if he did not have an old lyre, whereupon the host said "Certainly," re- 
 tired and reappeared in a moment with his mother-in-law. 
 
 FISH DIET A-PLENTY. 
 
 «<TS FISH diet a good brain maker, and if so, what quantity should I con- 
 1 sume?" inquired a writer of Mark Twain. The humorist answered him : 
 "Judging from your letter, two whales would not be too much for you." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. IS3 
 
 HALF AND HALF. 
 
 IT WAS a great banquet attended by distinguished gentlemen from all parts 
 of the United States, and the "feast of reason and flow of soul" was never 
 greater at a public dinner in Pittsburgh. About 2 o'clock a. m. a prominent 
 lawyer of Pittsburgh, an eloquent after-dinner orator, was introduced to re- 
 spond to a toast. He apologized for the lateness of the hour and said it would 
 be a waste of words for him to say anything, for the reason that "one-half of 
 the banqueters were not sufficiently sober to be appreciative, and the other 
 half not sufficiently drunk to be oblivious." 
 
 Everybody enjoyed the sally and the toastmaster especially was grateful 
 for assistance in closing the banquet. 
 
 THE X-RAY ON THEOSOPHY. 
 
 A WAG was called upon the other evening to explain the real meaning of 
 Theosophy, and took for his subjects, Jones, Brown and Thompson, 
 three of the crowd he was addressing, whom he would regard as dead to the 
 world. He pictured in the most touching language the spirit of Jones in the 
 sweet singing canary bird in the living room and the satisfaction when the 
 explanation of those stirring notes was given, "There's Jones." 
 
 Or when one gazed at Carlo asleep on the rug, happy sleeping or awake. 
 "There is Brown." 
 
 Or when one, passing down the street, stood beside the motor of the 
 water cart and remarked, "Hello, Thompson ; the same old mule you always 
 were." 
 
 THERE'S MILLIONS IN IT. 
 
 AN IRISHMAN gazing at a monkey, remarked, "What will them Yankees 
 make next?" A Yankee responded, "Why, make this poem on your 
 little friend : 
 
 "How doth the frisky monkey 
 Improve each shining minute? 
 He scratches his back 
 From morning till night, 
 
 Because there's millions in it." 
 
 THE BLIND SEE. 
 
 GRANDMOTHER— "Is that you, Tommy, for I cannot see." 
 Tommy — "Yes, Granny." 
 
 Grandmother — "Lord love the child; why doesn't your mother cut you* 
 hair?" 
 
154 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 A CONCLUSIVE ANSWER. 
 
 THE young man was from Washington county and was about to be married. 
 On the afternoon of the day set for the wedding his father found him cry- 
 ing pitifully, and was told of his fright over the approaching ceremony. The 
 father counseled him thus : "Dry your tears, you big booby ; I got married at just 
 about your age." 
 
 "Yes," blubbered the youth, "but you — you — married Mam, and I have to 
 marry a strange girl." 
 
 PROFITEERING IN BREAD. 
 
 ONE of Bill George's bakers was on the carpet because he refsued the de- 
 mands of an irate customer to rebate in weight for the holes in a loaf of 
 bread, or to fill the holes. This led to a suggestion to Hoover, how to make an 
 Indian loaf. Give him whiskey. 
 
 ORTHODOX SURE 
 
 A JUDGE from an adjoining county fell asleep in the B. & O. railroad station 
 while awaiting the time for the departure of his accustomed train. His 
 own county is "dry," and the judge had met some friends in Pittsburgh, who 
 "put it over on him." Suddenly aroused by the train caller, with the demand 
 "where do you belong," the judge answered: "I belong to the First Presbyterian 
 Church, of ." 
 
 WHY NOT? 
 
 A YOUNG man, speaking of the popularity of his father, told how, on his 
 first appearance in the leading church of the place, after removal there- 
 to, he was solicited to take up the collection. He responded, and on the suc- 
 ceeding Sunday morning was again requested to be one of the collectors. But 
 the fellow confessed his father was somewhat offended when, just as he was 
 to start the collection, the treasurer of the congregation handed him a "Cash 
 Register." 
 
 EVEN SO. 
 
 HAVE not said a word of any of you that I would not be entirely willing 
 you should say of me. 
 
H 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 155 
 
 A GOOD INDORSEMENT. 
 
 E IS a very good fellow in many respects and a very much better fellow 
 in every other respect. 
 
 A FRIEND IN NEED. 
 
 MALL BOY — "I wish I could go swimmin', but the folks won't let me." 
 His Pal — "Say, hain't you got no grandmother?" 
 
 WILL FIND READY SALE. 
 
 A YANKEE has applied for a patent on an ingenious church collection box. 
 When presented before the persons in the pews, if a silver coin of the 
 denomination of one dollar, half or quarter is dropped into it, it is noiselessly 
 recorded. If the coin be a dime, it rings a bell ; if a nickel, it fires a shot ; if 
 less than a nickel, it will run up a photograph of the contributor. The machine 
 will no doubt find ready sale. 
 
 THE CATSKILL ECHO IS TAME. 
 
 SAID the traveler, "There is in the Catskill Mountains a place where an 
 echo sounds distinctly at four separate intervals." The listener thought 
 this no comparison to the locality in which he lives. "Before going to bed at 
 night I put my head out of the window, and say, 'William, it's time to get up,' 
 and the echo wakens me sharp at 7 o'clock the next morning." 
 
 WHERE THE LAUGH CAME IN. 
 
 A LITTLE fellow bitterly cried as he passed down one of our crowded 
 thoroughfares. A benevolent old gentleman sought to comfort him by 
 inquiring the cause of the grief. The lad sobbed out : "My fader, he hit his 
 tackhammer mit his finger." Old gentleman — "Well, that didn't hurt you." 
 Boy— "No, but I laughed." 
 
 "P 
 
 A LOSS THAT MEANT SOMETHING. 
 
 LEASE, mum, my brother's lost his new hat." 
 Lady — "Well, you needn't cry." 
 Boy — "Please, mum, I was wearing it when he lost it." 
 
156 -MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 WHY DIDN'T HE THINK OF IT? 
 
 HE WAS in deep perplexity. His horse had died; all the other horses in 
 the neighborhood were out of commission on account of the "epizoo- 
 tics." There seemed to be no other alternative than to bury the animal on the 
 large front lawn, and there was no place in sight to deposit the earth and even 
 if there were, no horse or wagon to remove it. 
 
 And the perplexity was over the large mound that must necessarily be the 
 result of interment on the lawn. Just then McGlinchy, the police force of the 
 place, came and inquired of Mr. Thompson the reason of his perplexity. Thomp- 
 son told him. "Well," said McGlinchy, "why not dig the hole deep enough to hold 
 both the horse and the earth." 
 
 THE MAN IN LOWER TEN. 
 
 BEFORE retiring for the night the passenger told the porter to be sure to 
 awaken him in time to get off at Rochester, N. Y., reminding him, "I am 
 a hard sleeper, but you shake me up and tug at me until I am on the station 
 platform — yes, throw me off the train, if necessary. I dare not miss my busi- 
 ness connection at Rochester." But the noise, several hours later, of "all out 
 for Buffalo !" threw this passenger into a state of frenzy. Hunting the porter 
 he denounced him in unmeasured terms, demanded the return of the $2 he had 
 given him, and said he would report him for dismissal. And all the while the 
 porter, instead of being impudently sullen was wondering how badly injured 
 was the poor fellow that he finally put off at Rochester. 
 
 THE BEST MAN. 
 
 HANK, the roadster, arrived in the village just as a stream of fashionably 
 dressed people were entering the residence of Banker Fitzmorris. It 
 was a wedding occasion. Hank thought he would like to look on the scene 
 and partake of some of the crumbs which might fall from the feast table. He 
 encountered the ushers, who explained to him, but he brushed past them all 
 and finally landed against an athletic fellow, who spilled him all over the lawn. 
 
 Hank is sure before he returned to "terra cotta" he had made 11 revolu- 
 tions in the air without alighting. When bystanders gathered about him to 
 inquire whether he dropped from an aeroplane or had been coughed up by a 
 submarine, he explained that he had tried to attend the wedding, but had been 
 stopped, and when he inquired the cause of the obstruction, the reply was : "I 
 am the best man." And Hank sorrowfully said, "I guess he was." 
 
 A SHUTOUT. 
 
 JUDGE — "I understand you had some harsh words with you wife." 
 Husband — "Yes, your honor, but I did not get a chance to express them." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 157 
 
 LIKE A STREET CAR— NEVER FULL. 
 
 A GERMAN, weighing 280 lbs., seated on the high seat of a brewery wagon, 
 was halted one day and told by a sport that he had just bet $10 the 
 German could gulp down a wooden bucket of beer at one trial. Fritz hesi- 
 tated, but said he would let the fellow know by and by. Returning from 
 around the corner he performed the task and when asked why he didn't do it 
 right off the reel, remarked: "I shust went behind the barn to see if I could 
 do it." 
 
 AN ALIBI MADE IN GERMAN-Y. 
 
 AN EXCITED man tackled old Helfenstein the other morning by threaten- 
 ing to have him arrested for keeping a ferocious dog, setting forth in 
 detail how, the evening before, at 7 o'clock, as he was passing Helfenstein's, 
 the dog sneaked through the open gate and bit him severely in the leg. 
 
 Helfenstein, much interested, leaned on the gate, and repeating every 
 word of the indictment, answered thus: "Last night at 7 o'clock the dog vos 
 not at home ; my poy hav him out in de woods tree mile avay ; if he be at home 
 he could not get oudt as de gate is alvays shut; anyhow, he could not bited 
 you, because he is old und hav no teeth ; und he has been dead near four year 
 now ; und finally I never haf a dog." 
 
 BEFORE THE DAY OF THE DOG CATCHER. 
 
 A JUSTICE of the peace in one of our townships a few years since took an 
 information after this fashion, the writer having copied it at the time: 
 
 "The deponent charges that the defendant did keep in his possession a 
 ferocious dog, of a willful and ferocious aspect, which said dog did bite me on 
 my leg, and on request he gave me some of the hair of the dog to put on the 
 wound." 
 
 SCRATCHED OFF THE LIST. 
 
 BIDDY, in doing the work in some lawyers' offices, overheard Murphy, the 
 janitor, gassing as to his ability to whip any Irishman in the neighbor- 
 hood. She asked him if he knew her husband, and he blurted out his name 
 was first on the list. Straight home went the good woman with a threat of 
 trouble if her mon did not go down and trounce the braggart, and off went 
 Pat to see Mr. Murphy. "Murphy," said he, "I understand yez say yez can 
 lick any man in town, and that my name is first on the list. Well, yez can't 
 lick the one side of me, so look out." 
 
 Murphy — "Well, niver moind, thin ; I'll just scratch yer name off the list." 
 
158 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 A GENUINE RETRIEVER. 
 
 ON A Western railroad a woman made repeated unsuccessful efforts to get 
 on the train with her poodle dog and herself in the same car. She must 
 either place the dog in the baggage car, or ride in the smoker. Bribery and 
 everything else failing, she chose the smoker, and was seated just behind a 
 German with a pipe like Fritz Emmet's sauerkraut, that you could smell aloud 
 for 50,000 miles. The woman indignantly demanded that the pipe be elimi- 
 nated, and after a heated discussion, she suddenly grabbed the pipe and threw 
 it out of the window. The German retaliated by throwing the dog through the 
 window. Consternation reigned for a minute, and soon the conductor had 
 instructions to wire the town marshal at the next stop to arrest the German. 
 A great crowd was at the station; the woman demanded the internment of 
 the German ; the latter insisted on remuneration for his pipe, notwithstanding 
 it may have been as dangerous as a submarine, and matters assumed the phase 
 of a riot, when the crowd parted and across the little bridge into the town 
 walked the dog with the pipe in his mouth. Property restored, litigants 
 discharged. 
 
 CONCERNING PATRICK HENRY. 
 
 CtHPHIS," said the old colored guide, "is the little old church where Patrick 
 1 Henry made his famous speech." The visitor expressed surprise and 
 ignorance when the old guide said, "Patrick Henry; doan you know who he 
 wuz ? De man what said, 'Give me liberty or give me death.' " 
 
 "Well," said the visitor, "did he get his wish?" 
 
 The Guide — "Yas, I guess he got boaf." 
 
 TOO MUCH TERRITORY. 
 
 THE defi of a bully who said he could whip any man in the precinct, ward, 
 borough, city or county, was accepted by a stranger, who lived in a 
 remote part of the county, and after the bully had gathered himself together 
 and realized the poverty of the human frame, that he had but two hands to 
 cover a multitude of bruises, he remarked, "I guess I took in too much 
 territory." 
 
 PRESENCE OF MIND. 
 
 A SUBURBANITE, on his way to the station to board his train, startled by 
 the whistle of the train, suddenly felt that he had left his watch under 
 his pillow, and pulled it from his vest pocket to see if he had time to go home 
 and get it. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 159 
 
 GETTING EVEN. 
 
 AN IRISHMAN engaged to carry a ton of coal to the seventh floor of an 
 apartment in Wilkinsburg for 50 cents completed the task in a jiffy, and 
 the occupant, a woman, wanted him to accept 35 cents. He was justly indig- 
 nant, but after excitedly relating the contest to a friend, the latter said, "And 
 after all you accepted the 35 cents?" 
 
 "Indade, I didn't," said the Irishman. "I carried the coal down again and 
 left it on the sidewalk." 
 
 AN ECONOMIC MEASURE. 
 
 AT A meeting of the Punkin Center School Board, old Cy Morninglory 
 offered a resolution that they proceed at once with the erection of the 
 new "skule" house ; that as a measure of economy the bricks in the old "skule" 
 house be used in the new one, and that the old "skule" house be not torn down 
 until the new "skule" house is up. And it was "unanimously" carried. 
 
 "HIS MAGNAMITY." 
 
 APITTSBURGHER, certifying to the unselfish action of one of our citizens, 
 said it was on account of his "magnamity." 
 
 SO IT WASN'T MADE IN GERMANY. 
 
 A DEPUTY SHERIFF who was not well up in English orthography had 
 an order to post a bill for the sale of a small launch, "The Maid of Erin." 
 The chief was quite amused when he read the notice on the wharf, a few min- 
 utes before the sale, that he would sell the "Made of Iron." 
 
 STILL GUESSING. 
 
 "P 
 
 AT, where are you going?" said a motorist on the Lincoln Highway. 
 Pat — "How did you know my name is Pat?" 
 Motorist — "I guessed it." 
 Pat — "Well, guess where I am going." 
 
 THE LOST FOUND. 
 
 A BEVY of boys from college met a white bearded old gentleman solemnly 
 trudging along the highway, and one after another they asked if he 
 were Joshua, Elijah, Daniel, or Jeremiah. He surveyed the lads and an- 
 swered: "I am just the servant of King Saul, searching for his lost asses, and 
 I am so glad I can make favorable report." 
 
160 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 REPAIRS IN ORDER. 
 
 WHAT is better in a railroad accident than presence of mind? Answer — 
 Absence of body. Which suggests the appropriateness of the reply of 
 the passenger whose presence of body in just such a casualty resulted in the 
 crushing of his leg. A bystander suggesed he could sue the company for 
 damages. He profanely answered, "Damages h — 1; I will have to sue for re- 
 pairs ; I wouldn't mind it so much save that wood is now soaring high." 
 
 SOMETHING MORE DEFINITE WANTED. 
 
 ( ( 1\ If IKE, what would you do if Casey would stop you in the street and 
 IVl call you a liar?" 
 
 Mike — "Casey wouldn't do it ; he and I are good friends." 
 
 "But if Casey called you a liar, what would you do?" 
 
 Mike was aggravated by a repetition several times of the remark, and 
 finally answered, "Which Casey is it — the little fellow or the big one ?" 
 
 A DOG OF ONE TRAIL. 
 
 BILKINS had boasted time and again of what a safeguard his dog was 
 against burglars. One morning he reported thieves had carried off a 
 valuable marble clock. Jones twitted Bilkins about the loss of the clock, with 
 such a valuable dog in the house, when Bilkins replied : "Oh ! he is a watch dog." 
 
 MORE DOGS THAN DAYS. 
 
 MINSTREL DIXEY, disappointed so often in love affairs, gave vent to his 
 feelings in tears, when his popular pal, Hughey Dougherty, consoled 
 him with the statement, "Well, every dog has his day." "Yes," said Dixey, 
 "but some other dog is always getting in on my day ; anyhow there are more 
 dogs than there are days." 
 
 WORKED BOTH WAYS. 
 
 ANENT the days when clothiers gave a Waterbury watch with every suit 
 purchased, a burglar was about to leave the bed room of a Wilkinsburg 
 resident, holding in his arms the only suit of clothing the man had. The thief 
 had already secured the watch — and instead of a valuable gold one, it was only 
 a Waterbury. The owner plead that the thief would leave the clothes, but his 
 laconic reply was "A suit of clothes goes with every Waterbury." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 161 
 
 MOONEY AND HIS BALKY HORSE. 
 
 MR. THOMAS MOONEY lived at Red Bank, and read the papers. Among 
 the items which excited his interest was one which related how a man 
 with a balky horse got out of his wagon when the animal stopped, and sat on a 
 stump reading the Bible until the animal went on again, which he did in a very 
 short time. Mr. Mooney had a balky horse ; so he put a Bible in his pocket and 
 went out to try the experiment. His horse stopped right in the middle of the 
 main street, and refused to budge an inch. Mooney got out and sat on the 
 curbstone and opened his Bible. An immense crowd gathered around and 
 watched him, wondering what in the name of common sense was the matter with 
 Mooney! But Mooney paid no attention to them. He began at Genesis, and 
 he read that Bible clear through to the end of the Old Testament, including the 
 Apocrypha — and there that horse stood as quiet as a statue ! Then Mooney read 
 on to the end of Revelations, and perused the preface, and all the foot notes, to- 
 gether with the title page and the name on the back of the cover. Still his horse 
 clung to that one spot, never moving except to bite a fly off of his flank or to kick 
 one from his stomach. Then Mr. Mooney began at Revelations and read clear 
 back to Genesis, including the marginal references. Mooney thought, if there 
 was any good in the system, that must certainly start the steed; but it didn't. 
 It occurred to Mr. Mooney that perhaps the horse might be encouraged to go 
 forward if he would read a few chapters of Deuteronomy out loud to him. So 
 he began and went over about six hundred hard names in fourteen syllables, 
 which so discouraged Mooney's horse that he began to back, and he kept on 
 backing until he jammed the wagon through a pane of two hundred dollar plate 
 glass in a China store, and smashed a window-full of crockery. Mr. Mooney 
 remarked to the proprietor, after he had paid the bill, that he did not regard the 
 experiment as a decided success. He said he would put no more faith in the 
 suggestions of newspapers. He was so mad about it that he stopped his English 
 paper and began to take a German paper, which he can't read, so that there is no 
 danger of his being fooled again. 
 
 AN INTELLIGENT GOAT. 
 
 POINDEXTER was sure his goat had sufficient intelligence to read. Young 
 Mr. Jackson called to see his daughter one evening, and as they sat upon 
 the front steps, Mr. Jackson placed his high silk hat on the step just above and 
 back of him. On the opposite side of the street was an advertising bill board. 
 Well, the goat happened in the vicinity, and proceeded to eat the hat, all the 
 time gazing at the bill board, where in flaring letters were the words "Chew 
 Jackson's best plug." 
 
 UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER. 
 
 A MINISTER, putting his hand upon an urchin's shoulder, exclaimed : "My 
 son, I believe the devil has got hold of you." "I believe so too," was the 
 reply. 
 
A 
 
 162 ' MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 NO ROOM FOR ARGUMENT. 
 
 COLLEGE youth visited an uncle who kept the country store in a village 
 in one of the counties of Western Pennsylvania. One of the things par- 
 ticularly noticed by the city youth was a demijohn containing spiritus fermenti 
 On the Sunday following, the youth declined an invitation to attend the Presby- 
 terian Church with his uncle, saying he would go to the Second Methodist. In- 
 stead he locked himself in the store and partook of the contents of the demijohn. 
 Next Sunday he again said he would go to the Second Methodist. 
 
 Meanwhile the uncle had made a discovery, and, emptying the demijohn on 
 Saturday evening, he placed it on the counter where it could be easily seen and 
 attached thereto a large placard. Sunday came, and, as usual, the youth said he 
 would prefer the Second Methodist. 
 
 Entering the store, the first thing in sight was the placard on the demijohn: 
 "Second Methodist Closed for Repairs." 
 
 
 A BLOW AT FLATTERY. 
 
 WHEN is a dog's tail not a tail ? When it is a wag-in. Which reminds me 
 of another incident where it was not wag-in. The village clergyman 
 was a visitor at the Jones home. Tommy, the five-year old boy, presented the 
 visitor with a crude pencil sketch of himself. But the soft sawder preacher 
 commended the child, saying it was a wonderful likeness. The little fellow, 
 however, said he didn't like it. "That he would put a tail on it and call it a 
 dog." 
 
 ONE ON DEPEW. 
 
 ANEW YORK man, in the presence of his young son, said to his wife, "I 
 heard Mr. Chauncey Depew again at the banquet last night, and he cer- 
 tainly is the greatest story teller in America." Next day Mr. Depew, called at 
 the house and, giving his name, asked the boy if he would remember him to his 
 father. "Oh, yes, I know you. I heard my Papa say you are the biggest liar in 
 New York." 
 
 SYMPATHETIC. 
 
 PUBLIC men of great prominence were dying on every hand, and it be- 
 came the duty of parson Poindexter to call the attention of the congrega- 
 tion to these passing events. He did so, concluding with the remark, "and while 
 these good men are departing, let me add that I'm not feeling well myself this 
 morning; in fact I'm powerfully weak." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 163 
 
 HIGH ASPIRATIONS. 
 
 PAT was about to begin work at the eleventh job the good parish priest had 
 secured for him and had been admonished he must keep sober and sup- 
 port his family. Casually said the priest, "Patrick, what kind of work would you 
 prefer?" 
 
 Patrick — "Well, if it makes no difference to your reverence, I'd like to be 
 a bishop." 
 
 A DIAGRAM NEEDED. 
 
 DO you see that old shoe in yonder alley? Yes, said the bystander; what of 
 it? "Allegator." Good, said he, here comes Jones, I'll work it off on him. 
 Say, Jones, do you see that old shoe ? Yes ; what of it ? "Crocodile." And the 
 laugh was not on Jones. 
 
 DIDN'T SEE THE POINT. 
 
 MUGGINS enjoyed very much the answer to the conundrum, "What was the 
 biggest contract Booth & Flinn handled ?" Answer : "Wheeling, West Va." 
 But he lost out when he told the story to a company of friends that evening. Said 
 he : What was the biggest job ever handled by Booth & Flinn ? And when every- 
 body gave it up, he answered Steubenville, Ohio. And he wonders still why there 
 was no laughter and applause. 
 
 DIDN'T SOUND A BIT MUSICAL. 
 
 DID you hear the new tune ? What tune ? Spittoon. Now Mrs. Murphy de- 
 lighted in catching her husband, so when he came home in the evening, 
 she said : Pat, did you hear the new tune ? What tune ? "Spitbox." 
 
 AN ILLUSTRATED ENIGMA. 
 
 THIS enigma was given at a gathering where one of the listeners was an 
 Irishman. 
 My first is a vowel; my second is in every well regulated household; my 
 complete word is a delicious dessert. Answer: O-range. 
 
 Pat repeated the enigma to a crowd of friends, as he was mounted upon a 
 chair. 
 
 My first is my bowels; my second is in every well regulated kitchen in 
 North America; my whole is the great Sahara desert. Its a lemon. Can you 
 guess it? 
 
164 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 A RANK DECEPTION. 
 
 A WAR gardener whose premises were raided by a neighbor's hens concluded 
 the trouble arose from the markers "Egg Plant." He erased the label 
 and substituted "Horse Radish," and the garden is not further molested. 
 
 SOMETIMES THE OTHER WAY. 
 
 ALIGHTING at a western railway station, when the wind was blowing a 
 gale, a Pittsburgh travelling man said to a bystander, "Does the wind al- 
 ways blow this way." "No, stranger, sometimes it blows the other way." 
 
 DIGNITY DEFINED. 
 
 A PROMINENT Brooklyn minister said a man who cannot bend in his dig- 
 nity, "hasn't any." His greatest enjoyment at home of an evening is, when 
 he is on all fours, one of his boys on his back and with a rope around his neck, 
 the other boy in horse play driving him. 
 
 "W 
 
 THE REAL ISSUE. 
 
 LL you share my lot?" said the stammering young lover to his best 
 girl. Quickly she replied, "What is the size of your lot?" 
 
 I 
 
 PART OF IT FRESH. 
 
 S THIS water fresh Willie, said his boss. 
 "Yes, sir." 
 
 Are you sure Willie, this water is fresh ? 
 Willie: "Well, part of it is, anyhow." 
 
 PRIDE HAS A FALL. 
 
 A HOBO who was doing chores for an East End woman for a sandwich 
 was promised a "pie" if he would saw a lot of wood for the cook stove. 
 The lady prided herself on her ability to make a good pie. The hobo performed 
 his task, was given the pie and tackled it; but in a little while told the lady if 
 she didn't mind, he would "saw the pie and eat the wood." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 165 
 
 AS JOHNNY GOT IT. 
 
 4<TY/HATSOEVER a man soweth is always sure to rip," is the way Johnny 
 W interpreted the teacher in absorbing the well known and familiar text. 
 
 HE GOT AN ULTIMATUM. 
 
 A YOUNG man nerved himself to ask for her hand in marriage, when she 
 scornfully stated "she wouldn't wipe her feet on him." He carried the 
 case to her father, and almost tearfully sobbed her answer, "I would not wipe 
 my feet on you." "Well," said the father, "I will wipe mine on you." 
 
 A DELICATE SITUATION. 
 
 j<HA CRIED when I told him you had asked my hand, because he is about 
 * to lose another daughter." 
 Young man : "Well, tell him he is not losing a daughter, only gaining an- 
 other son." 
 
 "No, don't do that," said the girl, "Pa has two such sons now." 
 
 REAL SYMPATHY. 
 
 in bidding good bye to her 
 onsoled by her German mai 
 hard it was, because her son had been "in Yale for six monts 
 
 AN EAST END woman bidding good bye to her son, who was about to re- 
 turn to Yale, was consoled by her German maid, who said she knew how 
 
 QUITE VERSATILE. 
 
 01 
 
 different languages. 
 
 A N AUSTRIAN prisoner captured by the Italians can drink beer in seven 
 
 DIFFERENT BREEDS. 
 
 THE vest pocket directory of a leading city, given to strangers as they alight 
 at the central railway depot, starts off with : Blank City is noted chiefly for 
 its hogs. Said an old Quaker from Pennsylvania, "Which kind ?" 
 
166 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 A READY REMEDY. 
 
 M 
 
 OTHER — "Now, Willie, are you never going to stop eating? Why, my 
 
 little boy cannot go to sleep on a full stomach." 
 Willie— "All right, ma; I'll lie on my back." 
 
 SOUTH SEA ISLANDERS WAYS. 
 
 OCIAL regulations in the South Sea Islands are somewhat strenuous. At 
 weddings the mother of the bride gives her away and the groom makes 
 way with the mother-in-law, in the shape of a roast for the wedding feast. By 
 this he escapes the daily routine roast of ordinary men. 
 
 s 
 
 FOR HER COMFORT. 
 
 A DEJECTED looking man applied to the clerk of a skyscraper hotel for a 
 room on "the top floor, entirely cut off from the elevator and fire 
 escape," for his mother-in-law. 
 
 NEW DEFINITION OF A CANNIBAL. 
 
 HE WAS sad-eyed and there was a tremor in his voice, as he said : "My 
 wife's mother and father are Cannibals." "You mean Democrats." 
 "No; don't Cannibals eat each other." "Yes," was the answer. "Well, my 
 wife's parents 'live off me.' " 
 
 NOT A DOUBTFUL STATE. 
 
 OUR friend Brown the other night discovered his wife was not a Sphynx. 
 His little boy, hearing election gossip as to the "doubtful state," mul- 
 tiplied his query, "Papa, what is the 'doubtful state?' " Unable to be pestered 
 longer, Brown said: "Matrimony, my son, is the doubtful state; isn't it, Mrs. 
 Brown?" 
 
 Mrs. Brown — "To me it has never been a state, at all ; it has always been 
 a 'terror-tory.' " 
 
 H 
 
 THE RESULT OF JEALOUSY. 
 
 E WROTE a friend that he had kissed his girl "sub rosa ;" but unfortu- 
 nately when it accidentally came under the notice of the girl, it had 
 
 been made to read "snub nosa.' 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 167 
 
 NO COME BACK. 
 
 THE dispute between the conductor and his German passenger was about 
 the increase in rates. The conductor carried him just the distance the 
 20 cents regulation required and put him off quite a walk short of his destina- 
 tion. Dutchy started to walk up the track, getting started ahead of the train. 
 Suddenly the engineer discovered the man was in great danger, and the 
 whistle fairly shrieked out the final alarm. Turning about, Dutchy shook his 
 fist at the engineer and said : "You may fissel all you vant ; I vont come back." 
 
 WHEN LABOR IS DANGEROUS. 
 
 COMPLAINT being made to Mike by his employer that he spent entirely 
 too much time over his meals, the Irishman responded by saying "that 
 working between meals is killing off the race." 
 
 DANGER SIGNAL OUT. 
 
 THE fiery red-headed passenger leaned away out the window of the passen- 
 ger car and drawled out, "Conductor, why don't the train go on ?" "Take 
 in your head, you fool ! The engineer will never move with the 'danger signal 
 out!'" 
 
 MONEY A CIRCULATING MEDIUM. 
 
 SAID a wag the other day: "My father doesn't think anything more of 
 money than a man does of his life. He will take a ten-dollar bill out of 
 his vest pocket and throw it into the middle of the street. But he has a gum 
 band on it and he'll jerk it right back in again." 
 
 NO PICNIC. 
 
 WHEN the lady had finally got her eight olive plants comfortably seated 
 about her in the trolley car, a benevolent old gentleman kindly asked 
 her, "Are they all yours or is it a picnic?" She replied sharply, "All mine, sir, 
 and no picnic, either." 
 
 GOING THE OTHER WAY. 
 
 DESCRIBING her trip for the first time from Pittsburgh to Chicago, on a 
 fast train, Grandma told the children the train went so fast she did not 
 see anything but a "hay stack, and it was going the other way." 
 
168 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 AN ALTERNATIVE. 
 
 A TRAVELER, who stammered terribly, unable to make himself clear to 
 the ticket agent as to where he wished to go, was told to stand aside 
 until the crowd waiting could be disposed of. He later made three unsuccess- 
 ful efforts to name his station, and leaning away into the ticket window said : 
 "I cannot express myself ; I'll go by freight." 
 
 HIS OFFENSE DESCRIBED. 
 
 HE WAS before the judge for some breach of the public peace, and the 
 court wished to know his offense. The prisoner was terribly frightened 
 and tried to explain, but the court soon discovered that the man stuttered and 
 was so agitated that he sputtered and almost sizzled at every effort to answer. 
 Finally the court said to the crier, "Crier, what is the man charged with?" 
 Crier — "I think he is charged with soda water, sir." 
 
 CRITICS DIFFER. 
 
 S 
 
 AID one critic : "I was impressed with the wonderful timbre of the voice of 
 the baritone." 
 
 Second Critic : "It sounded to me as if full of knot holes." 
 First Critic: "Not surprising; he's a blockhead." 
 
 NOTHING WOULD SURPRISE THEM. 
 
 WHEN the excitement had abated, and it was found that Grandma, who had 
 fallen from the top to the bottom of a long flight of stairs, had escaped 
 unhurt, she remarked, "Law, children; that's the way I alius come down!" 
 Which recalls the old lady in the railroad collision, whom the conductor found 
 busily engaged arranging her bonnet most unconcernedly. He told her that 
 there had just been an awful collision, when she replied, "I thought that was 
 the way you always stop." 
 
 ASSUREDLY WELCOME. 
 
 THE hostess was a nervous little woman, cordial, but sometimes unable to 
 express herself clearly. On one occasion she was entertaining some of 
 her closest friends and after the usual glad hand, she said : "I am so glad to 
 have you here ; you are doubly welcome ; everything possible is at your com- 
 mand ; I — I — I'm at home and I wish you all were." 
 
Great Statesmen 
 
Birth and Preservation of the Nation. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 171 
 
 GEORGE WASHINGTON. 
 
 WE COULD not all be present July 4, 1918, at the tomb of the immortal 
 George Washington, at Mt. Vernon, when President Wilson made one 
 of his most memorable addresses. But thousands of our people were in spirit 
 as they recalled that when but 21 years old, Lieut. George Washington, who 
 had been surveying in the mountains of Virginia and Pennsylvania, was in 
 Pittsburgh — and a year later, when 22, was here again, commanding a regi- 
 ment against the French, who had established themselves at Fort Duquesne, 
 and held Fort Necessity against superior numbers, until compelled to capitu- 
 late. The following year, when two regiments of regulars were led against 
 Fort Duquesne, Washington volunteered, and at the disastrous ambuscade of 
 July 9, 1755, he was the only aid not killed or wounded. He had the record of 
 four bullets through his coat, and two horses were shot from under him. The 
 Indians believed he wore a charmed life, and his countrymen were proud of 
 his courage and conduct. An army of 2,000 men was afterwards raised and he 
 was selected to command it. 
 
 His subsequent career is known to every American boy and girl and man 
 and woman, but there are some things in the life of this wonderful personage 
 which at this time should be of special interest to young and old. 
 
 He was tall, of great physical strength, fond of military and athletic exer- 
 cises, and when only 13 years of age, wrote out for his own use no maxims on 
 civility and good behavior. No one could help loving that kind of a boy and 
 it isn't to be wondered that he was "first in war, first in peace, and first in the 
 hearts of his countrymen." 
 
 Washington on his first visit to Pittsburgh says he left the canoe some- 
 where near Braddock and went overland, stopping at the highest point on the 
 Southside, now Mt. Washington, where for a considerable while he studied 
 the situation. He then descended to the river, and here is what I find in his 
 record : 
 
 "As I got down before the canoe, I spent some time in viewing the rivers 
 and the land in the fork, which I think extremely well situated for a fort, as 
 it has absolute command of both rivers. The land at the point is 25 feet 
 above the common surface of the water and a considerable bottom of flat, well 
 timbered land all around is very convenient for building. The rivers are each 
 a quarter mile across and run here at very nearly right angles, the Allegheny 
 bearing northeast and the Monongahela southeast. The former of these is 
 very rapid and swift running water; the other deep and still, without any 
 perceptible fall." 
 
 "A settlement built here is bound to grow and flourish beyond the imagi- 
 nation of men." — George Washington, in his reports to Governor Dinwiddie, 
 November 23, 1753. 
 
 How true were those predictions. Was the point well situated for a fort? 
 Yes, verily: It was the center of the contest between the greatest of the 
 monarchies of Europe, France and England, for the possession of this conti- 
 nent. The line of the French had its left at Quebec, its right at New Orleans ; 
 but the center was at Fort Duquesne, just where Washington located 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
172 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 And the Pittsburgh of today is "the settlement which was bound to grow 
 and flourish beyond the imagination of men" — the settlement that pays a mil- 
 lion and a half to two million dollars daily in wages. 
 
 The old fort, and the Continentals, by the way, recall "Yankee Doodle." 
 This was an old French air to which words were sung by British soldiers 
 during the French and Indian War, in derision of the American army. The 
 soldiers took up the tune, using American words, and American bands played 
 it on the occasion of the surrender of the British under Cornwallis. 
 
 An out-of-date eulogy on Washington, concise, but replete with words of 
 praise, from the lips of Mr. C. Phillips, one of his own countrymen, was 
 exceedingly popular in the public schools of Pittsburgh more than 60 years 
 ago. Here it is as I write it from memory : 
 
 "It matters very little what immediate spot may be the birthplace of such 
 a man as Washington. No people can claim — no country appropriate him. 
 The boon of Providence to the human race, his fame is eternity and his resi- 
 dence creation. Though it was the defeat of our arms and the disgrace of our 
 policy, I almost bless the convulsion in which he had his origin. If the 
 heavens thundered and the earth rocked, yet when the storm passed, how 
 pure was the climate that it cleared — how bright in the brow of the firma- 
 ment was the planet which it revealed to us. 
 
 "In the production of Washington it does really appear as if nature was 
 endeavoring to improve upon herself and that all the virtues of the ancient world 
 were but so many studies preparatory to the patriot of the new. Individual 
 instances, no doubt, there were — splendid exemplifications of some single 
 qualification. Caesar was merciful, Scipio was continent, Hannibal patient; 
 but it was reserved for Washington to blend them all in one, and like the 
 lovely chef-d-ouevre of the Grecian artist, to exhibit in one glow of associated 
 beauty the pride of every model and the perfection of every master. 
 
 "As a General he marshaled the peasant into a veteran and supplied by 
 discipline the absence of experience. 
 
 "As a Statesman he enlarged the policy of the cabinet into the most com- 
 prehensive system of general advantage, and such were the wisdom of his 
 views and the philosophy of his counsels, that to the soldier and statesman he 
 almost added the character of the sage. A conqueror, he was untainted with 
 the crime of blood ; a revolutionist, he was free from any stain of treason. For 
 aggression commenced the contest and his country called him to the com- 
 mand. Liberty unsheathed his sword, necessity stained, victory returned it. 
 
 "If he had paused here, history might have doubted what station to assign 
 him — whether as the head of her citizens or her soldiers, her heroes or her 
 patriots. But his last glorious act crowns his career and banishes all hesita- 
 tion. Who, like Washington, after emancipating a hemisphere, resigned its 
 crown and preferred the retirement of domestic life to the adoration of a land 
 he might be almost said to have created. 
 
 "How shall we rank thee upon glory's page? 
 
 Thou more than soldier and just less than sage. 
 
 All thou hast been reflects less fame on thee, 
 
 Far less than all thou hast forborne to be. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 173 
 
 "Happy, proud America ! The lightnings of heaven yielded to your phi- 
 losophy, the temptations of earth could not seduce your patriotism." 
 
 A great many amusing as well as interesting incidents in the life of 
 Washington are related, some of which will bear repetition here. 
 
 An acquaintance, speaking of this great man as an athlete, said he would 
 stand on the porch of the beautiful residence on the Potomac and throw a 
 silver dollar clear across the stream. The listener reminded the narrator that 
 the Potomac at this point is very wide. 
 
 "Yes," said he, "but I want to remind you, a silver dollar went farther in 
 those days than it does now." 
 
 Mark Twain is on record as defining the difference between Washington 
 and himself. He said : "Washington couldn't lie. I can, but I won't." 
 
 An Italian lad in one of the public schools concluded his composition on 
 Washington by saying: "His father was so pleased with the boy after the 
 interview in the woodshed, when he couldn't lie, that he took George over to 
 New York and made him President of the United States." 
 
 An eloquent colored friend of Washington, in eulogizing him among his 
 countrymen, added to his wonderful attainments the statement he was "the 
 greatest laundryman" in the world. Asked for a bill of particulars, he said: 
 
 "He washed out monarchy with the blood of patriots; he wrung it with 
 the bells of Liberty ; he dried it on the lines of declaration, and ironed it with 
 Yankee cannon." 
 
 But Americans will forever revere his name, if for no other reason than 
 his whispered order to General Forrest, in the hour of great menace to the 
 Young Republic : "General Forrest, put none but Americans on guard 
 tonight." 
 
 HUNTING A PARTICULAR CHURCH. 
 
 DEACON JONES assured the pastor that if he persisted every Sunday 
 morning in his demands that the people cough up large sums of money 
 for the church, that he would kill the congregation, close the meeting house, 
 and bury religion. 
 
 The parson was thoughtful for a moment, and then said: 
 
 "Brother Jones, you tell me where de church am located what is dead 
 because of its contributions of de wherewithal, and I will go to it, even if I 
 have to perambulate to de four corners of de globe. I will climb to de roof of 
 dat church ; I will straddle de peak and ascend into de spire, and upon its top 
 I wilj raise aloft my hands and say, 'Blessed am de dead what died in de 
 Lord.' " 
 
174 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
 
 THE SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF 
 
 AMERICA, 
 
 Who died a Martyr to his Country, 
 
 Falling under the hands of a Traitor Assassin, 
 
 On the night of the 14th Day of April, 1865, 
 
 The Fourth Anniversary of the beginning of the great 
 
 WAR OF THE REBELLION, 
 
 Through which he had led the Nation to a Glorious Triumph, 
 Just completed, when the Dastardly Revenge of 
 Vanquished Treason was wrought in his monstrous murder. 
 
 The Great Republic loved him 
 
 As its Father, 
 
 And reverenced him as the Preserver of its National Life. 
 
 The oppressed People of all Lands looked up to him 
 
 As the Anointed of Liberty, and hailed in him the consecrated 
 
 Leader of her Cause. 
 
 He struck the chains of Slavery from Four Millions 
 
 Of a despised Race, and with a Noble Faith in Humanity, 
 
 Raised them to the admitted dignity of Manhood. 
 
 By his Wisdom, his Prudence, his Calm Temper, his Steadfast Patience, 
 
 His lofty Courage and his loftier Faith, 
 
 He Saved the Republic from Dissolution; 
 
 By his Simple Integrity he illustrated the neglected Principles 
 
 Of its Constitution, and Restored them to their just Ascendancy; 
 
 By all the Results of his Administration of its Government, 
 
 He Inaugurated a New Era 
 
 In the History of Mankind. 
 
 The Wisdom of his Statesmanship was excelled 
 
 Only by its Virtuousness. 
 
 Exercising a Power which surpassed that of Kings, 
 
 He bore himself always as 
 
 The Servant of the People, 
 
 And never as its Master. 
 
 Too sincere in the Simplicity of his Nature to be affected by an elevation 
 
 The Proudest among Human Dignitaries, 
 
 He stands in the ranks of the Illustrious of all Time as 
 
 The Purest Exemplar of Democracy. 
 
 While Goodness is beloved, 
 
 And Great Deeds are Remembered, 
 
 The World will never cease to Revere 
 
 The Name and Memory 
 
 OF 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 175 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN said and did some wonderful things besides the 
 thoughts in his famous Gettysburg address and numerous proclama- 
 tions. Here are some which will bear repetition, even though you may have 
 read them before: 
 
 "I will study and prepare myself and then some day my chance will 
 come." 
 
 "Success does not so much depend on external help as on self reliance." 
 
 "I don't think much of a man who is not wiser today than he was 
 yesterday." 
 
 "Let us have faith that right makes might, and in that faith let us dare to 
 do our duty as we understand it." 
 
 "I am always for the man who wishes to work." 
 
 "I say try ; if we never try we shall never succeed." 
 
 "I am not bound to win, but I am bound to be true; I am not bound to 
 succeed, but I am bound to live by the light that I have. I must stand with 
 anybody that stands right; stand with him while he is right, and part with him 
 when he goes wrong." 
 
 "If God wills that this mighty scourge of war continue until all the 
 wealth piled by the bondsman's 250 years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, 
 and until every drop of blood drawn by the lash shall be paid by another 
 drawn with the sword, as was said 3,000 years ago, so still it must be said, that 
 the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether." — March 4, 
 1865. Abraham Lincoln. 
 
 "Patriotism is the love of one's flag in action." — Lincoln. 
 
 "Lincoln stands in the ranks of the illustrious of all time as the purest 
 exemplar of Democracy. While goodness is beloved and great deeds are 
 remembered, the world will never cease to revere the name and memory of 
 Abraham Lincoln." 
 
 "A blend of joy and sadness, mirth and tears, 
 A quaint Knight Errant from among the pioneers; 
 A homely hero born of the stars and sod, 
 A homely prince — a masterpiece of God." — Malone. 
 
 This poem was published on April 14, 1865, under the head of "Good 
 Friday" : 
 
 So deep our grief, it may be silence is 
 
 The meetest tribute to the father's name; 
 A secret shrine in every breast is his, 
 
 Whom death may girt with an immortal fame; 
 And in this dim recess our thoughts abide, 
 
 Clad in the garment of unspoken grief, 
 As fain the sorrow of the heart to hide 
 
 That yields no tears to give our woe relief. 
 
176 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 "But death is not to such as he," we sigh, 
 
 "His heart is still — his pulse may beat no more; 
 
 Yet men so good and loved do never die, 
 But while the tide shall flow upon the shore 
 
 Of time to come, a presence to the eye 
 Of nations shall he be, and evermore 
 
 Shall freemen treasure in historic page 
 
 The martyr-hero of earth's noblest age." 
 
 Secretary Stanton was at the War Department with Mr. Lincoln at the 
 close of the second day's disaster at Fredericksburg. The people of the North 
 were bathed in tears, and almost everybody was ready to "give up the ship." 
 After midnight Mr. Lincoln went to the room over the War Department 
 office and up to 3 o'clock a. m. Mr. Stanton heard the footfalls of the great 
 man as he wearily paced the floor for hours. 
 
 That morning at 7 o'clock Mr. Stanton found a note at the breakfast table 
 directing him to push the war vigorously, and the famous call of the Presi- 
 dent for men went out. 
 
 Conversing with one of his generals at Gettysburg some time after the 
 close of the conflict, Mr. Lincoln was asked if he had expected victory. He 
 answered, "Assuredly." "At what time of the fighting here did you reach that 
 conclusion, Mr. Lincoln?" "At no time, particularly, here; but on the mem- 
 orable night of the disaster at Fredericksburg, as I paced the War Depart- 
 ment floor, I then and there settled it with my God." 
 
 Mr. Lincoln had a way of carrying the cabinet with him when they could 
 not vote as he did. It was quite unique, indeed. "All in favor say aye," the 
 President voting aye ; "all opposed no," and every member of the cabinet on 
 one occasion, at least, voted no. The President : "The ayes have it." And 
 the respect of the members for their Chief was such they acquiesced. More- 
 over, time developed he was right and the others wrong. 
 
 Mr. Lincoln had concluded his Gettysburg address and turned away 
 without the faintest recognition of his words. Next morning a stranger con- 
 gratulated him on the address. Mr. Lincoln said : "But how did you account 
 for the lack of applause?" "Why, Mr. Lincoln," replied the stranger, "you 
 might as well have expected the multitude to have applauded the Lord's 
 Prayer." 
 
 A Southern woman, wife of a Confederate soldier, living in the North, 
 made repeated efforts to get through the lines to her husband, but without 
 success. She finally told Mr. Lincoln that if she could not go through the lines 
 she would die in the North, which she hated. Mr. Lincold told her the United 
 States was not fighting women and children, and on her personal card wrote 
 the words which enabled her to reach her husband. 
 
 A Civil War deserter was about to be shot, and Secretary Stanton 
 pressed the President for his signature to the execution papers. Mr. Lincoln, 
 notwithstanding crowding business, inquired about the case and learned that 
 no one had interfered in behalf of the soldier. Stanton really snapped out, be- 
 cause of his impatience at the President's delay, "He apparently hasn't a 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 177 
 
 friend in the world." Mr. Lincoln said, "That's what I was trying to find out, 
 and I will be his friend. What is the next business, Mr. Stanton?" The firing 
 squad was ordered off duty. 
 
 At the height of the Civil War Mr. Lincoln was asked if he thought the 
 Lord was on the side of the people of the North. His reply was : "I am more 
 concerned as to whether the people are on the Lord's side. That's of more 
 importance." 
 
 Lincoln told this good story on himself. He was in the executive office 
 at Washington and, looking out of a window, saw approaching three men 
 who had almost pestered the life out of him for several days, for a certain 
 favor which he had refused. Turning to a friend, he said, "Those men remind 
 me of the little fellow in the Sunday School class whose verse, when it came 
 his turn to read, included the hard names, Shadrach, Meshech and Abednego. 
 He did his best, broke down and sobbed as the teacher tried to help him out. 
 Unfortunately, when his turn came to read again his lot fell upon the verse in 
 which the three names are repeated. There was no sobbing in his voice this 
 time, but he ejaculated, "Here comes those three d fellows again." 
 
 A soldier in Washington, D. C, answering to Lincoln's second call, was 
 about to enter a saloon when the President himself caught him by the hand 
 and, regarding him with those kindly eyes and pleasant smile, said, "I don't 
 like to see our uniform going into these places." He walked away. I would 
 not have gone into that saloon for all the wealth of Washington City, said this 
 sojdier. 
 
 A 
 
 AT THE LINCOLN MONUMENT. 
 
 BE LINCOLN? Wull, I reckon not a mile f'om where we be, 
 Right here in Springfiel', Illinoise, Abe used to room with me. 
 He represented Sangamon, I tried it for Calhoun, 
 An' me an' Abe was cronies then ; I'll not forgit it soon. 
 
 I'll not forgit them happy days we used to sort o' batch 
 Together in a little room that didn't have no latch 
 To keep the other fellers out that liked to come and stay, 
 An' hear them dasted funny things Abe Lincoln used to say. 
 
 Them days Abe Lincoln an' myself was pore as anything. 
 Job's turkey wasn't porer ; but we used to laff and sing, 
 An' Abe was clean chuck full o' fun ; but he was sharp as tacks, 
 Fer that there comic face of his'n was fortified with fac's. 
 
 Some fellers used to laff at Abe because his boots and pants 
 Appeared to be on distant terms, but when he'd git a chance 
 He'd give them such a drubbin' that they'd clean forgit his looks ; 
 Fer Abe made up in common sense the things he lacked in looks. 
 
 Wull, nex' election I got beat, an' Abe come back alone ; 
 I kep' a-clinkin' on the farm, providin' fer my own. 
 You see I had a woman, an' two twins that called me paw, 
 An' Abe he kept a-clinkin' too, at politics an' law. 
 
178 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 I didn't hear much more of Abe out there in ole Calhoun, 
 
 Fer I was out of politics an' kind o' out o' tune 
 
 With things that happened ; but 'way back I'd named my two twin boys 
 
 One Abraham, one Lincoln ; finest team in Illinoise. 
 
 Wull, here one day I read that Abe's among the candidates 
 (My ole friend Abe) fer President o' these United States; 
 An' though I had the rheumatiz an' felt run down and blue, 
 I entered politics again and helped to pull him through. 
 
 An' when next spring he called fer men to fetch their grit an' guns 
 An' keep the Ship o' State afloat, I sent him both my sons, 
 An' would have gone myself an' loved to make the bullets whiz 
 If it hadn't been I couldn't walk account o' rheumatiz. 
 
 Wull, Abe, my little Abe, I mean, he started out with Grant ; 
 They buried him at Shiloh. Excuse me, but I can't 
 Help f eelin' father-like, you know, fer them was likely boys ; 
 There wasn't two such another that went from Illinoise. 
 
 An' Lincoln, my son Lincoln, he went on by himself 
 A-grievin' fer his brother Abe they'd laid upon the shelf, 
 An' when he come to Vicksburg he was all thrashed out and sick ; 
 An' yit when there was fighting, Link fit right in the thick. 
 
 One night afore them rebel guns my pore boy went to sleep 
 On picket duty ; no, sir, 'taint the shame that makes me weep ; 
 It's how Abe Lincoln, President, at Washington, D. C, 
 Had time to riccolect the days he used to room with me. 
 
 Fer don't you know I wrote to him they'd sentenced to be shot 
 His namesake, Lincoln Pettigrew, in shame to die and rot; 
 The son of his ole crony, an' the last o' the twin boys 
 He used to plague me so about at Sprinfiel', Illinoise. 
 
 Did he? Did Abe? Wull, now, he sent a telegraph so quick 
 It burnt them bottles on the pole an' made the lightning sick : 
 "Pardon for Lincoln Pettigrew. A. Lincoln, President." 
 The boy has got that paper yet, the telegraph Abe sent. 
 
 I guess I knowed Abe Lincoln an' now I've come down here, 
 Firs' time I've been in Springfiel' for nearly sixty year, 
 To see his grave and tombstone, because — because you see, 
 We legislated in cahoots, Abe Lincoln did, an' me. 
 
 "L 
 
 HAS THEM ALWAYS. 
 
 ET your small brother play a little while with your marbles," said the 
 mother. 
 Johnny — "He wants them always, 'cause he's swallowed them." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 179 
 
 JAMES A. GARFIELD 
 
 A FEW of the maxims of the Martyred President are appended : 
 "I feel a more profound reverence for a boy than for a man. I never 
 meet a ragged boy in the street without feeling that I owe him a salute ; for I 
 know not what possibilities may be buttoned up under his piece of a coat." 
 
 "Luck is an ignis fatuus. You may follow it to ruin, but never to success. 
 A pound of pluck is worth a ton of luck." 
 
 "Poverty is uncomfortable, as I can testify; but, nine times in ten, the 
 best thing that can happen to a young man is to be tossed overboard and be 
 compelled to sink or swim for himself." 
 
 "For the noblest man that lives, there still remains a conflict." 
 
 "The privilege of being a young man is a great privilege ; and the privi- 
 lege of growing up to be an independent man in middle life is a greater." 
 
 "It is no honor or profit to appear in the arena. The wreath is for those 
 who contend." 
 
 "Things don't turn up in this world until someone turns them up." 
 
 "If there is one thing on earth that mankind loves and admires better 
 than another, it is a brave man — it is a man who dares to look the devil in the 
 face, and tell him he is a devil." 
 
 "Every character is the joint product of nature and nurture." 
 
 "Be fit for more than the thing you are now doing. If you are not too 
 large for the place, you are too small for it." 
 
 "In order to have any success in life, or any worthy success, there must 
 be fullness of knowledge; not merely a sufficiency, but more than a 
 sufficiency." 
 
 "To a young man who has in himself the magnificent possibilities of life, 
 it is not fitting that he should be permanently commanded; he should be a 
 commander." 
 
 "Young men talk of trusting to the spur of the occasion; that trust is 
 vain ; occasion cannot makes spurs ; if you expect to wear spurs you must win 
 them." 
 
 Those present at the inauguration of President Garfield will remember 
 him as he stood up to take the oath of office. He was "as firm and unbending 
 as the rigid oak, and his fine proportioned form was matchless." And every- 
 body loved him more when, at the conclusion of the ceremonies, he imprinted 
 a kiss on the cheek of his aged mother, and then kissed his wife. 
 
 He fell by the hand of the assassin, Guitteau, shot down in the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad station in Washington, D. C., the second President assassi- 
 nated at the capital. 
 
 September 2, 1918, at Long Beach, N. J., a bronze statue of President 
 James A. Garfield, who died there September 19, 1881, was unveiled at the 
 New Jersey-Ohio Garfield day celebration, by Misses Lucretia Garfield and 
 Margaret Stanley Brown, of New York, granddaughters of the former 
 President. 
 
 Among the speakers were former United States Senator Theodore E. 
 Burton, who represented Ohio, and Governor Edge, of New Jersey. Fuel 
 Administrator Harry A. Garfield, son of the martyred President, was present. 
 
180 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 BENJAMIN HARRISON. 
 
 BENJAMIN HARRISON was the twenty-third President of the United 
 States, and was defeated for re-election by Grover Cleveland in 1892. 
 During his first campaign the opposition poked a great deal of fun at him and 
 his friends because of their capitalizing the name of his grandfather. 
 
 And Puck, after his election, answered his calumniators with this stanza: 
 "His grandfather's hat came down upon his ears, 
 
 His grandfather's boots made him lame; 
 But in his grandfather's vest he did his level best, 
 And he got there just the same." 
 By the way, the popular big colored porter on the Baltimore & Ohio 
 Railroad who had the good fortune to be with the inaugural trains for several 
 Presidents was discussing them with a friend. Harrison was greatly praised 
 for his kindness ; likewise Hayes, but it was apparent that Cleveland had the 
 call. Pressed for a reason for the poularity of President Cleveland, the porter 
 said in addition to kindness, his tip was seldom under $20. 
 
 Ex-President Roosevelt has perhaps the best record of any President for 
 generosity. He usually included all the train men in his remembrances, and 
 especially the engineers and firemen, whom he always grasped by the grimy 
 hand with a "Thank you" they will never forget. 
 
 PRESIDENT WILLIAM McKINLEY. 
 
 IT WAS President William McKinley who first gave to the traveling sales- 
 men of the United States the title of "Commercial Evangelists." Three 
 hundred visited him from Western Pennsylvania, accompanied by the author 
 of this volume, and were addressed by him on the lawn in front of his beauti- 
 ful home in Canton, Ohio. Thousands of pilgrims visited him during that 
 unique and memorable campaign from all parts of the country — the beloved 
 man refusing to leave his invalid wife to tour the country. 
 
 Crowds called at the home on Sabbath evenings, but on every such occa- 
 sion found "politics adjourned," and instead there was a service of song, 
 Moody and Sankey's popular hymns being used, in which both Mr. and Mrs. 
 McKinley entered most heartily. 
 
 Henry A. Laveley, Pittsburgh's poet, has paid this beautiful tribute to 
 President McKinley: "McKinley, in the last supreme hour of his life, ex- 
 claimed, T am tired, so tired !' For years he had stood 'in that fierce light that 
 beats upon a throne,' and when 'The Quiet Hour' came he was ready to rest, 
 testifying that it was 'God's way,' and then 
 
 'Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch 
 About him and lies down to pleasant dreams,' 
 he was lulled into the peaceful rest which remains for the people of God. 
 'May he rest in peace.' " 
 
 In this connection it may be stated that Henry H. Hukill, engineer of the 
 inaugural and funeral train of President McKinley and of the funeral train of 
 President Garfield, died Sept. 15, 1918, at his home, Northside, Pittsburgh. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 181 
 
 THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 
 
 tt'-p'HE greatest wisdom is being wise in time." — Theo. Roosevelt. 
 
 1 No man should wave a flag, sing a song or cheer unless he is willing 
 to help out. He should shoot the way he shouts. 
 
 The liquor traffic is one of the most mischievous elements in American so- 
 cial, political and industrial life. 
 
 A RINGING MESSAGE. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVE MANN, Republican floor leader in the House of 
 Representatives at Washington, before Huerta's insult to the flag, said 
 in the House: "When the bandit Rasuli captured and held Perdicaris, an 
 American, for a ransom, Theodore Roosevelt sent this characteristic message 
 to the Moroccan government : 'We want Perdicaris alive, or Rasuli dead.' " 
 And Perdicaris was promptly given his freedom. 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 (A tribute to Theodore Roosevelt, by David Reed Miller, Editor of The United 
 Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, 1912, and issued in attractive folder form, for 
 personal friends, by Percy F. Smith.) 
 
 THEODORE ROOSEVELT was shot by an assassin Monday evening, Octo- 
 ber 14, 1912, in Milwaukee, Wis., as he was about to leave for the place of 
 public meeting. At the time the shot was fired he was standing in his automobile 
 acknowledging the greetings of the cheering multitude. 
 
 Hounded by insolence and hate of men, 
 
 Maligned by sycophants who once had fawned 
 
 In low servility before him ; 
 
 The butt of raucous and of inane wit ; 
 
 The target of scurrility ; 
 
 Pursued by paragraphers, and little editorial puppets, 
 
 Bound to their narrow groove of thought, 
 
 As Mizraim's ox to its water wheel, 
 
 Whose patriotism strikes no wider range 
 
 Than the line of type in which 
 
 Their spleen is writ ; 
 
 Urged by the slanderous animosity of these 
 
 A hand rose out of the throng 
 
 And, aimed by the black nerve of slander, 
 
 Another shot was heard around the world ! 
 
182 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 He did not cringe nor cry, 
 But stood as one amazed, aghast, 
 To what extremes his enemies had gone. 
 And in his breast he bore the pain 
 Of man's ingratitude and cruel wrong — 
 A Csesar wounded by the hands 
 He sought in his tense loyalty to save. 
 And when men's anger like a whirlwind stirred 
 That stormy throng to vengeance, 
 And would have rent 
 The would-be murderer in twain, 
 His words, in Christ-like pity, stayed their hands : 
 "Spare the assassin ; spare him ; hurt him not !" 
 And when men urged their stricken chief 
 To stanch the wound, or seek a surgeon's aid, 
 He resolutely refused, and said : 
 "I have a message for my fellowmen, 
 And I will give it or I'll die. 
 Drive on !" 
 
 And while his wound gaped red — 
 The wound which slander made — 
 Gaped red and burned in his brave breast — 
 The wound his thoughtless countryman had made- 
 He faced the mighty multitude 
 In that tense hall where 15,000 souls 
 Gazed horror-stricken by the awful crime 
 Committed in their midst ; 
 Gazed on him with a reverence most deep 
 For one who faced death's trumpeters 
 With heart as fearless as he faced 
 That sympathetic amphitheater. 
 And there the dauntless chieftain 
 Told the story of his wounding 
 In tender phrase which went to every heart. 
 
 He plead likewise for manhood and for the truth, 
 
 For civic honor, equity, the rights of all. 
 
 He stood before that pitying throng 
 
 A miracle, a prodigy, and plead, 
 
 Plead for men, and toiling women, too, 
 
 Plead for his country, for humanity, 
 
 Plead — but not one word for self. 
 
 Nor for the hand 
 
 That fired the sanguinary shot 
 
 Had he one word of reprobation. 
 
 No thought of vengeance 
 
 Came from those calm lips. 
 
 His vision was of one who loved 
 
 The land he lived in, 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 183 
 
 The men he plead for, 
 
 And who would lift the harsh, Edenic curse 
 
 From shoulders bent with toil. 
 
 He showed the stuff 
 
 From which great heroes grow 
 
 And statesmen rise to their high crowning. 
 
 He held his manuscript aloft 
 
 And pointed to the rent leaves 
 
 Through which the lead had passed 
 
 When on its mission to search out his heart. 
 
 "Here," said he, "is where the bullet pierced," 
 
 And thrice ten thousand eyes burned on the spot. 
 
 He then exposed his breast and showed 
 
 The bloody garment where the wound had left 
 
 Its damning hieroglyphs. 
 
 " 'Twas here the fateful ball broke open my flesh 
 
 And entered without leave. It's in me now !" 
 
 Spellbound, the host looked on, 
 
 And then a murmur like the low, faint 
 
 Soughing of the forest winds 
 
 Swept the enclosure vast. 
 
 Yet he went on : 
 
 "My life has been a happy one," said he ; 
 
 "I have done many things ; yet there remain 
 
 Quite many things to do. But as for me, 
 
 It matters not though death may lift the latch 
 
 And enter through the crimson gate, 
 
 The cause for which I bled will still go on. 
 
 What if the soldier fall ; another one will 
 
 Spring into the gap. 
 
 The flag may drop ; some other hand will fling 
 
 It to the crystal stars and cheer the marchers on. 
 
 Whether I live or die the battle will not fail. 
 
 Not in the dust shall man's bright golden hopes 
 
 Be trailed, nor all his high resolve 
 
 Be dimmed as when a storm blots out 
 
 The shining of the firmamental stars. 
 
 The lowly must not be oppressed. 
 
 Enthroned privilege and bloated opulence, 
 
 Which fattens on the blood 
 
 Sucked from the toilers' veins, 
 
 Shall fall as Lucifer from heaven, 
 
 To rise no more. 
 
 God's image shall remain God's image still." 
 
 'Twas thus he plead for all, 
 
 Not knowing but he nevermore might plead 
 
 His country's call before his fellowmen. 
 
184 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Death's crimson phantom stood there by his side, 
 
 Hid in each syllable, 
 
 Ambushed in each paragraph, 
 
 Skulled, Mohawk-like, along the fervent track 
 
 Of each inspiring thought, 
 
 And sought to pass the gate into the wound 
 
 Left open by the madman's cruel lead. 
 
 And yet as one inspired he stood, 
 
 Upheld by a supernatural strength, 
 
 And with the courage of a Hebrew seer, 
 
 He spoke a nobleman's ambition — 
 
 He stood at Armageddon 
 
 And he battled for the Lord. 
 
 OUR BROTHER'S KEEPER. 
 
 ( l/*> ONSCIOUSLY or unconsciously the thought grows that 'We are our 
 V-» brother's keeper,' and this is forcefully demonstrated by our patriotic 
 societies. 
 
 "No single force today is more universal than fraternity. It is extending 
 its beneficient influence everywhere. Every city, town, village, hamlet is coming 
 under its sway. 
 
 "To be a fraternalist is a mark of honor. It gives one a certain standing 
 among his fellow men that can be obtained in no other way. Fraternalism en- 
 courages thrift, protects the home, looks after the unfortunate and the helpless. 
 It stands by the death couch and says to its occupant that it will look after the 
 widow and the orphan, and will see to it that they are given a fair chance in the 
 world when their protector is gone. 
 
 "Fraternalism has consoled, comforted, relieved millions. It is grandly do- 
 ing that work today, and will be engaged in it in the years to come. It may at 
 times have its enemies, but that cannot prevail against it. Its spirit of helpful- 
 ness is too deeply rooted ever to be destroyed. Selfishness is destroyd by it ; envy 
 and hate are dissipated. True fraternity suggests love, helpfulness. It minimizes 
 poverty, it lessens sorrow." 
 
 Fraternal organizations' potent influences for peace were praised by Secre- 
 tary Bryan in Washington, D. C. He said: 
 
 "The fraternal organization is destined to play a larger part than it has 
 heretofore in the advancement of world peace. Many of our orders are now 
 international, and while they may be impotent to check the ravages of war 
 when war has once begun, they can be potent in the earlier stages of discus- 
 sion before passion has converted invisible boundaries into impassable 
 barriers." 
 
Gbe maorlb's Mat 
 
We stand at Armageddon 
 And we battle for the Lord. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 187 
 
 THE WORLD WAR. 
 
 Retrospect July 4, 1918. 
 
 PRESIDENT WILSON says, " 'The Star Spangled Banner' is the emblem 
 of the right of one nation to save other nations, and Old Glory in the 
 future will stand for Justice to all mankind." 
 
 "Thank God I am an American." — Daniel Webster. 
 
 LINCOLN GRIEVED— KAISER GRATIFIED. 
 
 A LETTER written by the Kaiser to a German woman who has lost nine 
 sons in the war is now going the rounds of the European press. It is 
 particularly interesting to Americans because of its sharp contrast to the 
 famous letter of President Lincoln to Mrs. Bixby during the American Civil 
 War. The Kaiser is "gratified," and sends his photograph. Lincoln was 
 grieved, and, as we recall Lincoln's letter, it did not occur to him that his 
 picture would relieve the desolation of Mrs. Bixby. The following are the 
 letters : 
 
 The Kaiser's Letter. 
 
 "His majesty the Kaiser hears that you have sacrificed nine sons in de- 
 fense of the Fatherland in the present war. His majesty is immensely grati- 
 fied at the fact, and in recognition is pleased to send you his photograph, with 
 frame and autograph signature. 
 
 "Frau Meter, who received the letter, has now joined the street beggars 
 in Delmenhors-Oldenburg, to get a living." 
 
 Lincoln's Letter. 
 
 "Dear Madam : — I have been shown in the files of the War Department a 
 statement of the Adjutant General of Massachusetts that you are the mother 
 of five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle. I feel how weak 
 and fruitless must be any words of mine which should attempt to beguile you 
 from the grief of a loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from tendering 
 to you the consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they 
 died to save. I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of 
 your bereavement and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and 
 lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice 
 upon the altar of freedom." 
 
 WE WILL WIN THE WAR. 
 
 WHEN we think of this country's resources, faith in our ability to win the 
 war is redoubled. The wealth of the United States is estimated at 
 $250,000,000,000, with an income of $50,000,000,000 — as much as the British 
 and German empires combined. Our country leads in the production of 
 wheat; grows three-fourths of the world's supply of corn, two-thirds of its 
 cotton, and one-third of its wool, and has more miles of steam railroad than 
 all of Europe combined. Moreover, the American production of steel exceeds 
 that of Britain, France, Russia, Belgium and the Central Empires combined — 
 totaling 42,600,000 tons a year; and incidentally in this great steel production 
 Pittsburgh plays the leading part. [War won since the above was written.] 
 
188 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 WHAT THE KAISER MOST NEEDS. 
 
 WE ARE surfeited these days with reminiscences of the Kaiser, from his 
 physician, tailor, barber and "shoe shine." But what he most needs 
 just now is an "undertaker." America's finest will see to it that the funeral 
 director be a gifted writer, in order that the coming generations may know 
 just exactly what antics the brutal, crazy monarch performed during the 
 funeral obsequies and interment. 
 
 DANIEL WEBSTER'S AMERICANISM. 
 
 I MEAN to stand upon the Constitution. I need no other platform. I shall 
 know but one country. The ends I aim at shall be my country's, my God's, 
 and truth's. I was born an American ; I live an American ; I shall die an Amer- 
 ican; and I intend to perform the duties incumbent upon me in that character 
 to the end of my career. I mean to do this with absolute disregard of personal 
 consequences. What are personal consequences? What is the individual man, 
 with all the good or evil that may betide him, in comparison with the good or 
 evil which may befall a great country in a crisis like this, and in the midst of 
 great transactions which concern that country's fate? Let the consequences be 
 what they will, I am careless. No man can suffer too much, and no man can fall 
 too soon, if he suffer or if he fall in defense of the liberties and Constitution of 
 his country. — Daniel Webster, July 17, 1850. 
 
 DEAD OR ALIVE. 
 
 OUR business with the enemy is simple. It is to get him dead or alive, 
 though we go to Berlin to do it. When we have taken him he shall be 
 brought, handcuffed, before the bar of humanity and sentenced as he deserves 
 — to the form of death he will least disgrace and to an obloquy eternal. We 
 have paid too much for freedom to have to win it twice. — New York 
 Tribune. [We have since trapped him alive.] 
 
 OVER THE BLUE AND GRAY. 
 
 HERE'S to the Blue of the wind-swept North when they meet on the fields of 
 France. 
 May the spirit of Grant be over them all as the sons of the North advance. 
 Here's to the Gray of the sunkissed South when they meet on the fields of 
 France. 
 
 May the spirit of Lee be over them all as the sons of the South advance. 
 Here's to the Blue and Gray as one when they meet on the fields of France. 
 May the spirit of God be over them all, 
 As the sons of the Flag advance. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 189 
 
 FOURTH LIBERTY LOAN. 
 
 THE following brilliant gems are from the address of President Wilson, in 
 New York, Friday evening, September 28, in launching the Fourth Liberty- 
 Loan: 
 
 Individual statesmen may have started the conflict; neither they nor their 
 opponents can stop it as they please. 
 
 Our brothers from many lands, as well as our own murdered under the sea, 
 were calling to us and we responded fiercely. 
 
 It is of capital importance that we should also be explicitly agreed that no 
 peace shall be obtained by any kind of compromise. 
 
 Germany will have to redeem her character, not by what happens at the 
 peace table, but by what follows. 
 
 All international agreements and treaties of every kind must be known, in 
 their entirety, to the rest of the world. 
 
 The United States is prepared to assume its full share of responsibility 
 for the * * * understanding upon which peace will henceforth rest. 
 
 Statesmen must follow the clarified common thought or be broken. 
 
 Germany always finds that the world does not want her terms. It wishes 
 justice and fair dealing. 
 
 We are all agreed that there can be no peace obtained by any kind of bar- 
 gain or compromise with the Central Empires. 
 
 They (Central Powers) have convinced us that they are without honor and 
 do not intend justice. [The answer was Peace without Compromise.] 
 
 THE GLORY OF THE STARS AND STRIPES. 
 
 ATTU, the most western of the Aleutian Islands, away beyond the lines of 
 Alaska, in June, holds the setting sun until it rises in Maine. 
 So, years before the United States acquired. the Phillipines, it was as true 
 of the Stars and Stripes as it was of the Union Jack, that the sun never set 
 on the country over which it floated. And away beyond Alaska its people last 
 night saw the flag in the "twilight's last gleaming," and almost at the same instant 
 in the "dawn's early light" on the coast of Maine the people of New England be- 
 held it in all of its glory. 
 
 You're a grand old flag, tho torn to a rag; 
 
 And forever in peace may you wave; 
 You're the emblem of the Land I love, 
 
 The home of the free and the brave. 
 Every heart beats true for the red, white and blue, 
 
 Without ever a boast or brag; 
 And, should old acquaintance be forgot, 
 
 Keep your eye on the GRAND OLD FLAG. 
 
190 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 RED CROSS— WHAT IS IT? 
 
 RED CROSS differs from all other forms of war work. 
 Red Cross reaches the heart of the world. 
 Every cent received is spent for War Relief. 
 
 Membership fees pay the general expenses of adminisration of Red Cross. 
 Interest in money in bank makes available for relief $1.02 for every $1 
 contributed. 
 
 Relief and nursing of soldiers is most familiar Red Cross work. 
 Red Cross work extends to: 
 The tubercular. 
 Invalided soldiers. 
 Prisoners in Germany. 
 Dependent families of soldiers. 
 Civilians and children in the war zone. 
 Those in reconquered French territory. 
 Repatriated people returning to France. 
 Cripples and the blind, who are taught useful occupations. 
 The work extends to Russia, Roumania, Serbia, Italy and Armenia, as 
 well as in France. 
 
 That is why Allegheny county went "over the top" in its Red Cross drives 
 by many millions more than was asked for. 
 
 A Pittsburgh lady, returned from Chicago, says the knitters and other 
 Red Cross workers in the Garden City are turning out manufactured goods o' 
 the value of $125,000 monthly. Such results undoubtedly are in the mind of 
 President Wilson when he suggests that we cannot win the war without the 
 women — therefore, in gratitude to them he favored the passage of the suf- 
 frage amendment. 
 
 Great statesmen conquer nations, 
 
 Kings rule a people's fate, 
 But an unseen hand of velvet 
 
 These giants regulate. 
 The iron arm of fortune 
 
 With woman's hand is purled ; 
 For the hand that rocks the cradle 
 Is the hand that rules the world. 
 
 Allegheny county women, young and old, are alert at knitting, keeping 
 the "home machines whirling" on socks, and persons just returned from the 
 front trenches plead with them for renewed effort — as it is very cold "over 
 there" in winter time. [The boys are now bringing the socks home with them.] 
 
 PROUD OF AMERICA. 
 
 WHEN a man becomes a nation's subject, the nation becomes his servant. Its 
 power is pledged for his defense, its laws are for his protection, its very 
 existence is for his benefit. 
 
 That nation is worthless, that will not with pleasure venture all for its honor. 
 — Schiller. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 191 
 
 SAMPLE FOUR MINUTE SPEECH. 
 
 NINETEEN hundred years ago Christ said: "What shall it profit a man if 
 he gain the whole world and lose his own soul ?" The Kaiser answers that 
 question today by saying : "What value is the soul when you can gain the whole 
 world ?" So he has cast his soul out. He says that there is but one law and that 
 is my law. He says the weak have no right against the strong. So he has waged 
 war against the weak nations and crushed them. He has broken the laws of 
 nations, by invading neutrals, promoting massacres and enslaving captives. He 
 has broken the laws of humanity by sinking unarmed ships and attacking unde- 
 fended towns, slaying women and children. He has broken the laws of God, 
 for he has committed murder, theft, arson, filled the world with lies, sanctioned 
 hideous torture and barbarity. 
 
 Germany is the first civilized nation in the world to fire on the Red Cross 
 or sink a hospital ship. But when she fired on the Stars and Stripes, she pene- 
 trated into the heart of the whole American Nation, who resented the arrogant 
 insult, and has gone forth with her men and her money to crush Germany, and 
 exterminate Kaiserism from the face of the earth. But this cannot be accom- 
 plished without sorrow, without pain, without sacrifice, for to defend our freedom, 
 and the cause of humanity and justice in the world, we must pay the price of war. 
 Our. boys who are offering up their lives for our cause on the bloody battle front 
 of France must be cared for. They need a Mother's Love, they need a Mother's 
 Care and Tenderness and the only way they can have this is through the greatest 
 Mother in the world, "The Red Cross." It is rightfully named the greatest 
 Mother in the world, for it carries its mission of Mercy to all suffering humanity. 
 It cares for and comforts the sick and wounded, it feeds the hungry, it mothers 
 the orphans, it clothes the naked, it houses the homeless, and with a mother's love 
 and tenderness it whispers the message of hope and consolation to the dying 
 Soldier who gives up his life for you and for me. Surely you will not deny your 
 boy this comfort, this care, when he gives his all for you. There is no greater 
 heroism than mercy. There is no truer bravery than the bravery of tenderness. 
 You have given much, but there is yet much to give, for this war will not end 
 until the beast of Berlin has been crushed. And the quickest way to end it is to 
 win it, and it is the purpose of the Red Cross to help to win it by caring for those 
 who suffer the tortures of war on the battle front. Let us not forget that out of 
 the crash of war comes a Christ-like sympathy whose symbol of tenderness is 
 the Red Cross. It goes everywhere in the cause of Mercy. 
 
 " IN DEEDS OF GLORY THAT EXCEL." 
 
 THE Pittsburgh internal revenue district, according to a statement issued 
 by Secretary McAdoo, practically led the country in the payment of 
 incomes, excess profits and miscellaneous taxes for the year 1917, being ex- 
 ceeded only by the New York district. 
 
 The internal revenue office in this district collected $332,159,701, while 
 collections in the great New York district amounted to $457,058,250. In the 
 Philadelphia district collections were $200,509,671, and the first Illinois dis- 
 trict, in which Chicago is located, reports only $304,374,930. 
 
192 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 IN THE GOD OF NATIONS TRUST. 
 
 JUNE 20, 1863, in compliance with the request of the National Reform Asso- 
 ciation, President Lincoln appointed a day of national humiliation and 
 prayer for the success of the Union armies. And on July 4th came the answer 
 in the victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg, the turning of the tWe in favor 
 of Northern success. 
 
 On Memorial Day, 1918, May 30, in answer to the request of the National 
 Reform Association, President Wilson called the American nation to prayer, 
 and the victories of the Piave and Marne followed in rapid succession, leading 
 General Pershing to say, "Someone has been praying." 
 Here is a review of the victory at the Piave river : 
 Italian Victory on the Piave River — The Marne — Commendation of an 
 
 Editorial. 
 To the Editor of The Chronicle Telegraph: 
 
 "Dear Sir : — Permit me to congratulate you on the editorial in your issue 
 of June 25, on the remarkable victory of the Italians at the Piave river. The 
 people of this deeply religious community, recognizing that 'God rules in the 
 armies of heaven and among the inhabitants of the earth/ have not forgotten 
 that effectual fervent prayer will avail, and everyone attending the noon 
 prayer services at the First Presbyterian Church have come away convinced 
 that right and not might would prevail in due time. 
 
 "One of your readers, who is acquainted with the country of the Piave 
 river, says never before in its history, at this season of the year, has the 
 stream overflowed its banks. Fifteen or sixteen pontoon bridges were swung 
 across the river and the Austrians crossed for the dash that meant the annihi- 
 lation of the enemy. But the floods descended, the rains came, banks over- 
 flowed, winds beat against the bridges, and they were destroyed. The Aus- 
 trians became panic-stricken and, like the conquests of some of the ancients, 
 the Italians fell upon them and slew them by the thousands, besides capturing 
 a lot of prisoners and vast spoils of war. 
 
 "It was 'the sword of the Lord and of Gideon' that won a notable victory, 
 with only a small band of untrained men. At times Joshua must 'go forward,' 
 assured of victory ; again God's servants were commanded to 'stand still that 
 they might see His salvation.' But the assurance has always been that 'rulers 
 and nations that know not God are doomed to destruction.' Nebuchudnezzar, 
 Belshazzar, Herod were 'found wanting when weighed in the balance,' and 
 the brutal tyrant, the Kaiser, must pass into the same class before we can be 
 assured of a lasting peace. 
 
 "I base this conclusion that right and not might will prevail on the last 
 verse of 'The Battle Hymn of the Republic': 
 
 " 'He has sounded forth His trumpet 
 That will never call retreat; 
 He is sifting out the hearts of men 
 
 Before His judgment seat. 
 Oh be swift, my soul, to answer Him, 
 
 Be jubilant my feet — 
 Our God is marching on.' 
 
 "Yours sincerely, 
 "June 6, 1918. "PERCY F. SMITH." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 193 
 
 And how about the Marne victory? The river overflowed its banks, but 
 the enemy covered the place with "pillars of smoke," to hide the operations in 
 bridge building. But Jehovah caused a great wind to blow the smoke away 
 and bombs of the Allies destroyed the enemy's plans and gave the Allies an- 
 other glorious victory. 
 
 And my regret is that I cannot keep open this volume for the crowning 
 event of this World War, the complete overthrow of the Kaiser and every 
 remnant of Prussian militarism, which is but another name for Prussian 
 brutality. [The overthrow has been accomplished.] 
 
 EASY TO WIN THE WAR. 
 
 A PEDESTRIAN, blocked at a crossing by the passage of a long freight 
 train, read the sign on one of the cars — Capacity 60,000 lbs. ; length in- 
 side 36 feet ; and thus he soliloquized : "It would take over 430,000 of those big 
 cars to transport the 13,000,000 tons of brewery freight in this country this 
 year, and that would make a train over 3,000 miles long — long enough to reach 
 from San Francisco to New York City; from the Golden Gate to Hell Gate. 
 To Hell Gate, thought I, and although the caboose had now bumped by, I had 
 forgotten my hurry, for I was thinking what fools we be to permit our Ger- 
 man brewers, the Kaiser's allies in America, to burden our railroads with all 
 that freight, when McAdoo says that transportation will win the war." 
 
 A HELL-BOUND QUARTETTE. 
 
 ET religious intolerance go, with alcohol, autocracy and militarism, into 
 1 the same hell from which they came. — Clinton Howard. 
 
 WHAT'S IN A NAME? 
 
 AN ITALIAN bomb not only wounded an Austrian at the Piave river, but 
 shattered his name terribly. Corporal Iveanawfulitch was the best the 
 Italian surgeons could get out of him. 
 
 DEAD WEIGHT. 
 
 IS IT any wonder the German tanks get nowhere when they have to drag 
 through the mud and mire a name like "Sturmmpanzerkraftwagens" ? The 
 tank division, we learn, is in command of Gen. Fritz von von der Blinken Stoefen, 
 ony geegan, heimerscroiishorn. Those names would "tank up" anyone. 
 
194 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 GRAY KNITTING. 
 
 A 1 
 
 (By Katherine Hale.) 
 LL through the country, in the autumn stillness, 
 A web of gray spreads strangely, rim to rim ; 
 And you may hear the sound of knitting-needles 
 Incessant, gentle, dim. 
 
 A tiny click of little wooden needles, 
 
 Elfin amid the gianthood of war ; 
 Whispers of women, tireless and patient, 
 
 Who weave the web afar. 
 
 Whispers of women, tireless and patient — 
 
 "Foolish, inadequate!" we hear you say; 
 "Gray wool on fields of hell is out of fashion." 
 
 And yet we weave the web from day to day. 
 
 Suppose some soldier dying, gaily dying, 
 
 Under the alien skies, in his last hour 
 Should listen, in death's prescience so vivid, 
 
 And hear a fairy sound bloom like a flower — 
 
 I like to think that soldiers, gaily dying 
 
 For the white Christ on fields with shame sown deep, 
 
 May hear the fairy click of women's needles 
 As they fall fast asleep. 
 
 [This poem deals with a beautiful phase of the great tragedy — with the 
 work of the women who day and night knit clothing for the men who have 
 gone to battle. "Gray Knitting" is perhaps not a classic but surely exquisite in 
 its sincerity and simplicity. May its publication in this form inspire 500,000 of 
 the good women of America to knit socks for our soldier boys.] 
 
 UP AGAINST IT. 
 
 T 
 
 O LIVE through an encounter with such enemies as General Blomono- 
 zoroff, Pershing's boys deserve more than an iron cross. 
 
 KIND THOUGHTS ABOUT THE KAISER. 
 
 A STRAPPING colored recruit leaving Pittsburgh was asked if he was 
 going to Paris. "No, sah ; I'se goin' direc' to Berlin." A fellow in New 
 York, rejected by all enlistment agencies, sought suicide by shooting. His 
 farewell note read that, denied the privilege of going to Berlin to shoot the 
 Kaiser, he was bound to meet him, even if he had to face him in Hades. 
 
D 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 195 
 
 THE SERVICE FLAG. 
 
 I EAR little flag in the window there, 
 
 Hung with a tear and a woman's prayer ; 
 Child of Old Glory, born with a star — 
 Oh, what a wonderful flag you are ! 
 Blue is your star in its field of white, 
 Dipped in the red that was born of fight ; 
 Born of the blood that our forebears shed 
 To raise your mother, The Flag, o'erhead. 
 And now you've come, in this frenzied day, 
 To speak from a window — to speak and say : 
 "I am the voice of a soldier son, 
 Gone, to be gone till the victory's won. 
 "I am the flag of The Service, sir ; 
 The flag of his mother — I speak for her 
 Who stands by my window and waits and fears, 
 But hides from the others her unwept tears, 
 "I am the flag of the wives who wait 
 For the safe return of a martial mate — 
 A mate gone forth where the war god thrives, 
 To save from sacrifice other men's wives. 
 "I am the flag of the sweethearts true ; 
 The often unthought of — the sisters, too. 
 I am the flag of a mother's son 
 And won't come home till the victory's won !" 
 Dear little flag in the window there, 
 Hung with a tear and a woman's prayer ; 
 Child of Old Glory, born with a star — 
 Oh, what a wonderful flag you are ! 
 1917. — William Herschell in the Indianapolis News. 
 
 SURE THING. 
 
 GEN. SHADRACH NEBUCHUDNEZZAR ZOOTS lost out when he 
 shouted to the Austrians in a last grand rally at the Piave river, "Gott 
 mitt us !" The distracted Austrians replied, "Yah, we Gott mittens, too !" 
 
 HOW TO CONSERVE THE BREAD SUPPLY. 
 
 WONDER if it ever occurred to Dr. Hoover that he might better control 
 the bread situation through the aid of the United States Patent Office, 
 and seconded by McAdoo, who now owns all the locomotives. How so? A 
 locomotive is an invention; a loaf of bread a necessity. Necessity is the 
 mother of invention. 
 
196 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE CREED OF COWARDS AND TRAITORS. 
 
 THIS excerpt is from a speech of Hon. William E. Borah, United States Sen- 
 ator, March 18, 1918: 
 
 "It has often been said, since the war began, that a republic cannot make 
 war. I trample the doctrine under my feet. I scorn the faithless creed as the 
 creed of cowards and traitors. If a republic cannot make war, if it cannot 
 stand the ordeal of conflict, why in the name of the living God are our boys on 
 the western front? Are they to suffer and die for a miserable craft that can 
 only float in the serene breeze of the summer seas and must sink or drive for 
 port at the first coming of the storm? No; they are there to defend a craft 
 which is equal to every conflict and superior to every foe — the triumph and 
 the pride of all the barks that have battled with the ocean of time. 
 
 "A republic can make war. It can make war successfully and triumphantly 
 and remain a republic every hour of the conflict. The genius who presided 
 over the organization of this Republic, whose impressive force was knit into 
 every fiber of our national organization, was the greatest soldier, save one, of 
 the modern world, and the most far-visioned leader and statesman of all time. 
 He knew that though devoted to peace the time would come when the Repub- 
 lic would have to make war. Over and over again he solemnly warned his 
 countrymen to be ever ready and always prepared. He intended, therefore, 
 that this Republic should make war and make war effectively, and the Repub- 
 lic which Washington framed and baptized with his love can make war. Let 
 these faithless recreants cease to preach their pernicious doctrine. 
 
 "This theory, this belief that a self-governing people cannot make war 
 without forfeiting their freedom and their form of government is vicious 
 enough to have been kenneled in some foreign clime. A hundred million peo- 
 ple knit together by the ties of a common patriotism, united in spirit and pur- 
 pose, conscious of the fact that their freedom is imperiled, and exerting their 
 energies and asserting their powers through the avenues and machinery of a 
 representative Republic, is the most masterful enginery of war yet devised by 
 man. It has in it a power, an element of strength, which no military power, of 
 itself, can bring into effect. 
 
 "The American soldier, a part of the life of his nation, imbued with devo- 
 tion to his country, has something in him that no mere military training and 
 discipline as applied to automatons of an absolute government can ever give. 
 The most priceless heritage which this war will leave to a war-worn and weary 
 world is the demonstrated fact that a free people of a free government can 
 make war successfully and triumphantly, can defy and defeat militarism and 
 preserve through it all their independence, their freedom, and the integrity of 
 their institutions." 
 
 THE NEWSPAPER IN WAR TIMES. 
 
 <<T~ l OUR hostile newspapers are more to be feared than 100,000 bayonets." — 
 L Napoleon. 
 A new rendition of the maxim — "The pen is mightier than the sword." 
 Did the Kaiser have Napoleon's thought in mind when, with $50,000,000, he 
 
 hoped to muzzle the American press in their hostility to his brutal 
 
 Prussianism ? 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 197 
 
 BRAVE SOLDIERS DON'T FEAR DEATH. 
 
 NAPOLEON, about to embark upon a conflict where sure death would be the 
 result, said to his crack regiment, "Every man willing to accompany me 
 into a fight where we must expect to die, will move one step forward." Just then 
 his attention was diverted and when he returned to look upon the men the whole 
 regiment stood at full dress. Napoleon, his voice subdued, said, "Soldiers, did 
 you not understand me? I asked as many of you as were ready to face death in 
 our next battle to move forward one step." 
 
 The ranking officer, saluting Napoleon, said, "Your majesty, every man 
 stepped forward." 
 
 American soldiers respond similarly when Foch, Haig or Pershing call them 
 
 to the "Firing Line." 
 
 The inspiration is not the "Star Spangled Banner" and "America" alone, 
 but back of all the world anthem, "Onward, Christian Soldier." 
 
 OUR RETURNING HEROES. 
 
 FOR $2,000,000 Uncle Sam can give a home to every soldier returning from 
 France, whether it be the 1,000,000 now there or the 2,500,000 who will 
 be there next spring, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane told the mem- 
 bers of the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce in July, 1918. 
 
 Secretary Lane states that there are at present 250,000,000 acres of uncul- 
 tivated land in the United States; that there are 15,000,000 acres of swamp 
 land and as many acres of desert soil and stump land left in the Northwest by 
 the lumbermen. 
 
 "Why not rehabilitate this land for the soldiers?" asked the Secretary. 
 "We can meet them at any point on the Atlantic coast upon their return from 
 France and say 'Help build a great dam to irrigate the arid desert soil, or help 
 cultivate the land devastated by the lumbermen and build a home. The 
 United States will support you while doing it and give you 40 years to pay 
 back your debt.' " 
 
 He also pleads for the Americanization of foreign workmen "as one 
 means of preventing labor disorders after the war. Teaching them the Eng- 
 lish language will enable them to read the papers, books and the signs about 
 the shop, and will help increase their earnings. Every shop should have a 
 class in English." 
 
 The movement grows in advocacy not only of the above, but for one lan- 
 guage in this country, especially in the public schools and newspapers, and the 
 prohibition by the government of the publication of newspapers in foreign 
 languages, because of the fact that as long as immigrants have the opportu- 
 nity of reading newspapers in their mother tongue they will remain ignorant 
 of the ideals of American citizenship. 
 
 Quite naturally this brings up the whole question of Americanization. 
 
ig8 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Can we become a really strong nation if Americanization is for native- 
 born men and women only, while nothing is done for the foreign-born men 
 and women who constitute our reserve force? 
 
 It would seem that the immediate task before us is mobilization and 
 Americanization, the welding of the many races and classes in this country 
 into one enduring, steadfast, efficient nation. 
 
 What does Americanization mean to the nation? It means putting the 
 American flag above all others, abolishing dual citizenship, and pledging open 
 allegiance to America. 
 
 It means American citizenship for every alien within our borders, or 
 deportation and closing our doors to political scouts and birds of passage, and 
 marks the end of voting by ward bosses. This desecration of American citi- 
 zenship cannot exist side by side with an aggressive effort on the part of the 
 public schools and newspapers of the country to instruct the foreign-born, 
 adults as well as children, in the real meaning of citizenship. 
 
 It means one language for all America and the elimination of illiteracy. 
 Confusion of tongues and ignorance of American institutions and opportuni- 
 ties are a serious menace to the nation. 
 
 It means a higher level of intelligence and the establishment of the rule of 
 the English language and of a common citizenship. 
 
 It means, not America first and safety first, but Liberty, Justice, Honor 
 and Right first. 
 
 Liberty, not license ; Honor, not wealth ; Country, not self. 
 
 This question of Americanization is very grave, and the time is here for 
 action along the line of one language, one school and one standard of Ameri- 
 can citizenship. 
 
 " UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER " 
 
 SPEAKING for all the co-belligerents, the United States, on September 16, 
 1918, 30 minutes after receiving the Austrian government's note from the 
 minister of Sweden, asking for a peace conference, answered: 
 
 "The Government of the United States feels that there is only one reply 
 which it can make to the suggestion of the Imperial Austro-Hungarian Govern- 
 ment. It has repeatedly and with entire candor stated the terms upon which the 
 United States would consider peace and can and will entertain no proposal for a 
 conference upon a matter concerning which it has made its position and pur- 
 pose so plain." 
 
 See how plain are terms given herewith : 
 
 "What we seek is the reign of law, based upon the consent of the governed 
 and sustained by the organized opinion of mankind. 
 
 "These great ends cannot be achieved by debating and seeking to reconcile 
 and accommodate what statesmen may wish, with their projects for balances of 
 power and of national opportunity. They can be realized only by the determina- 
 tion of what the thinking people of the world desire, with their longing hope for 
 justice and for social freedom and opportunity." — From President Wilson's 
 Mt. Vernon address July 4. 
 
w 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 199 
 
 WE BELIEVE IN OUR COUNTRY. 
 
 E believe in our Country, the United States of America ; we believe in our 
 Constitution, our laws, our institutions, and the principles for which the 
 Nation stands. We believe in our future. We believe in our great possibilities, 
 yes, more, our wonderful certainties. We believe in the American people, their 
 genius, their brain, their brawn. We believe in their honesty, their integrity and 
 dependability. We believe that nothing can stand in the way of their commercial 
 advancement and prosperity. We believe in the sacred institutions of our Country, 
 especially the Bible, the Public School and the Flag. We believe further that 
 all who accept positions of trust or otherwise under the Government of the 
 United States and any of its territories, or dependencies, must swear allegiance 
 to it and to popular education. We believe we have room for but one educa- 
 tional system within the borders of this great republic. Frequently we hear it 
 said by good citizens, "We are back of all these institutions"; and that is true 
 in a sense, they may be back of them, but that is not the place for Americans 
 to be. Their place is in front of them, holding the Stars and Stripes around 
 them, saying "Thus far shalt thou go and no further." 
 
 Our soldier boys in the Civil War won victories with songs and here are 
 verses from two which always cheered them. They are now out of print. 
 
 Rally round the flag, boys, 
 
 Give it to the breeze; 
 
 That's the banner we love 
 
 On the land or seas. 
 
 Brave hearts are under it, 
 
 Let all despots brag; 
 
 Gallant lads will fire away, 
 
 And fight for the flag. 
 
 All other flags are but as rags, 
 
 Ours is the true one. 
 
 Up with the Stars and Stripes, 
 
 Down with all the new ones. 
 
 Let our colors fly boys, 
 
 Guard them day and night. 
 
 For victory is Liberty 
 
 And God will bless the right. 
 
 Away down in Dixie, 
 The war first began ; 
 'Twas down at Fort Sumter, 
 With Major Anderson; 
 Who stood by the flag 
 With a heart brave and true, 
 And who fought like a man, 
 For the red, white and blue. 
 
200 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Our Flag is the symbol of Liberty throughout the world. Great was the 
 sorrow, even beyond the sea, when it was struck down at Sumter, and great 
 was the joy when it was again raised over the re-united country at Appomattox. 
 The oppressed of all lands look upon it with such love and affection as we, who 
 were born under it, can scarcely understand. The slave, wherever he may be, 
 and the proscribed for conscience' sake, take courage whenever they see this 
 symbol of human liberty. Men have died for it and there are millions today 
 who would sacrifice their lives to shield it from dishonor. 
 
 It wrapped the body of the immortal Lincoln; it rested upon the bier of 
 General Grant, and caught the expiring glances of thousands of heroes, Grant's 
 and Lincoln's comrades, martyrs to freedom, while the shadows of death were 
 falling upon their faces. 
 
 This Flag which has cost so much to preserve unsullied, and which has a 
 stronger hold upon the affections of mankind than any other, cannot be displayed 
 too often. The rising generation should be taught to venerate it as a sacred legacy 
 handed down from an age of patriots and heroes. While it flies the hopes of 
 the world will run high. Tyranny cannot stand unabashed before it. 
 
 WAVE now, in well-begotten pride! 
 Fear not the blasting clash of war! 
 The free homes thou dost glorify 
 
 We'll never let a foeman mar. 
 E'en foreign children in our midst, 
 
 Who came to seek a gracious hearth, 
 Will join with God and thee and us 
 To serve thy noble cause on earth. 
 
 — Thos. Gillespie, Dormont. 
 
 A 
 
 A MACHINE GUN PEACE. 
 
 T Providence, R. I., October 17, 1918, Colonel Roosevelt, speaking at the 
 Fourth Liberty Loan rally, said : "We are going to see this war to a finish 
 if it takes three years more, our bedrock dollar and the last man. We will accept 
 no peace save the peace that follows unconditional surrender, and we will get that 
 peace with the machine gun and not with the typewriter. Germany needn't bother 
 about terms. She isn't going to be consulted. We will settle on terms with our 
 Allies. Germany's part will be limited to saying 'Yes, sir.' " 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 201 
 
 "AND THUS THE WAR COMES TO AN END" 
 
 MONDAY, November 11, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson announced to 
 the world, "And thus the war comes to an end." He added in a procla- 
 mation : — 
 
 "My fellow countrymen: The armistice was signed this morning. Every- 
 thing for which America fought has been accomplished. It will now be our 
 fortunate duty to assist by example, by sober, friendly counsel and by material 
 aid in the establishment of just democracy throughout the world." 
 
 And why did we go to war with Germany: 
 
 Because she sank our ships, murdered our citizens, attempted to give us 
 orders limiting our travel on the high seas and tried to stir up other countries 
 against us. 
 
 The "high spots" of the armistice terms as President Wilson read them to 
 Congress are as follows: 
 
 The naval terms provide for the surrender of all undersea craft, 250 in 
 all, perhaps, 50 destroyers, 6 battle cruisers, 10 battleships, 8 light cruisers and 
 other miscellaneous ships. 
 
 All Allied vessels in German hands are to be surrendered and Germany 
 is to notify neutrals that they are free to trade at once on the seas with the 
 Allied countries. 
 
 Among the financial terms included are restitution for damage done by the 
 German armies : restitution of the cash taken from the National Bank of Belgium 
 and return of gold taken from Russia and Rumania. 
 
 The military terms include the surrender of 5,000 guns, half field and half 
 light artillery: 25,000 machine guns, 3,000 flame throwers and 1,700 airplanes. 
 
 The surrender of 5,000 locomotives, 150,000 wagons or railway cars, 5,000 
 motor lorries, the railways of Alsace-Lorraine for use by the Allies and stores 
 of coal and iron also are included. 
 
 The immediate repatriation of all Allied and American prisoners without 
 reciprocal action by the Allies also is included. 
 
 German troops are to retire at once from any territory held by Russia, 
 Rumania and Turkey before the war. 
 
 The Allied forces are to have access to the evacuated territory either through 
 Dantzig or by the River Vistula. German forces in East Africa may evacuate 
 instead of surrendering. 
 
 German troops which have not left the invaded territories, which specifically 
 include Alsace-Lorraine within 14 days become prisoners of war. 
 
 The repatriation wifhin 14 days of the thousands of unfortunate civilians 
 deported from France and Belgium also is required. 
 
 Freedom of access to the Baltic Sea with power to occupy German forts 
 in the Kattegat is another provision. The Germans also must reveal location 
 of mines, poisoned wells and like agencies of destruction and the Allied blockade 
 is to remain unchanged during the period of armistice. 
 
 All ports on the Black Sea occupied by Germans are to be surrendered and 
 the Russian war vessels recently taken by the German naval forces also are to 
 be surrendered to the Allies. 
 
202 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 The American Army had reached a total strength of 3,764,677 men when 
 hostilities ceased, according to official figures at the War Department. Of that 
 number 2,200,000 had been sent to France, Italy or Russia. The remainder 
 were under arms in camps in this country. 
 
 America's casualties in the war made public up to the hour of the cessation 
 of hostilities totaled 69,420. Of these 12,460 were killed in action. 
 
 Thousands more have been killed, wounded or captured and it probably 
 will be many weeks before the last list is compiled. It is generally believed 
 that America's casualties will reach 100,000. As this volume goes to press, the 
 American casualties reach 260,000, only 100,000 having been reported. 
 
 The London Express estimates the casualties of European nations during 
 the war as follows: 
 
 Germany, 6,900,000; Austria, 4,500,000; France, 4,000,000; Britain, 2,900,- 
 000; Turkey, 750,000; Belgium, 350,000; Rumania, 200,000; Bulgaria, 200,000. 
 
 With the unestimated casualties of Russia and others not included in the 
 above list the Express estimates the total casualties of the war at 26,000,000 men. 
 
 11th Month, 11th day, 11 o'clock A. M., 1918— Monday. 
 
 America, free from the ravages of war, unscathed by the destructive hand 
 of the Hun hordes, looked across the seas to find the battlefields of France and 
 Belgium silent for the first time in four years. Where, for 51 months, giant 
 guns, poisonous gases, and bursting bombs had wrought destruction, there was 
 quiet. 
 
 At the close of the unprecedented strife Germany stood alone before the 
 wrath of 22 civilized nations. Those 22 were in arms, five others had severed 
 relations with her government and two others — Russia and Rumania — she had 
 embittered by enforcement of a vicious peace. Her enemies had called to the 
 colors over twenty-three million men during the conflict, determined to crush 
 forever the power that had upset the peace of the world. 
 
 Her Allies, Bulgaria, Turkey and Austria-Hungary, had left her when her 
 strength began to weaken and finally her own people, seeing at last the disaster 
 the treacherous emperor and war lord had brought upon them, overthrew his 
 reign and he has fled the country. 
 
 In the kaleidoscopic events of the four years of war twenty-four great 
 nations participated in the fighting. Over thirty-three million men were under 
 arms. More than sixteen million men were killed, wounded, or gassed. More 
 than one hundred billions of dollars was consumed in the struggle. 
 
 It resulted in revolutions in Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany. Five 
 monarchs and heirs were driven from the throne. The military dynasties of 
 the Romanoffs of Russia, the Hohenzollerns of Germany, the Hapsburg of 
 Austria, and King Ferdinand, and his son of Bulgaria tottered and fell. The 
 pro-German King Constantine of Greece fled before the wrath of his people. 
 Emperor Charles of Austria-Hungary sees his dual empire a heap of ruins, and 
 Germany, revolting, is proclaiming republics within its borders. 
 
 It was America's privilege to turn the tide of the war. Her entrance as a 
 belligerent in April, 1917, has been followed by the shipment of over 2,200,000 
 Yank fighters to Europe, loaning of over $7,500,000,000 to her associates in the 
 war and expenditure of over $20,500,000,000 during her nineteen months in the 
 fight. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 203 
 
 The French bill against the Hun is 68 billions of dollars. The struggle 
 cost the Allies 200 billions ; the Huns 64 billions of dollars. 
 
 The Federal Reserve Board estimates that upward of two hundred billion 
 dollars was spent on the world war. That is seven times the value of all the 
 gold and silver produced from the beginning of the world and twenty-five times 
 the total of all the paper money ever issued by all nations. 
 
 A dramatic scene, rendered doubly impressive by the simplicity of its set- 
 ting, was that of this meeting, one of the greatest events in the world's history, 
 between Marshal Foch and his associates and the German bearers of the white 
 flag, as described by the Associated Press. The meeting took place in a railroad 
 car in which the commander-in-chief of the Allied forces had his headquarters. 
 After verification of the Germans' credentials, Marshal Foch read the terms 
 "in loud voice, dwelling upon each word." It does one's heart good to picture 
 Foch "telling it" to the Germans. It recalls the man in the story who ex- 
 claimed : "I'm not arguing with you ; I'm telling you." The time for argument 
 with the enemy had passed. Foch was now telling them. And then came the 
 German request for a suspension of hostilities "in the interests of humanity." 
 The nation that had tortured and butchered humanity for the last four years, 
 had bombed hospitals and schools, sunk hospital ships, shot helpless civilians, 
 maimed prisoners, committed every atrocity that could be conceived by the 
 mind of man, begged us to stop a fair, stand-up fight with her soldiers "in the 
 interests of humanity" until she could consider the peace terms. Rejection or 
 evasion meant invasion. The forces of civilization awaited the issue with supreme 
 confidence knowing their war is won. 
 
 And now for the tremendous part which Pittsburgh community had in the 
 World's War. Some believe, and are able to back their beliefs with figures, 
 that without Pittsburgh the war could not have been won, at all events not so 
 promptly. 
 
 In due course of time the figures will be compiled with reference to the 
 vast values of steel products which went to supply the fighting armies at the 
 front. There are experts who estimate the quantity of war material, strictly 
 speaking, which was furnished by the Pittsburgh district as high as 40 per cent 
 of the total provided by the entire country. 
 
 In the matter of financial credits it is believed Pittsburgh ranks second only 
 to New York. In banking credits, it is known now that she is second only to 
 that city. Her quotas of the four loans were enormously oversubscribed in each 
 instance. The total subscribed was $492,382,000, divided as follows: First 
 loan, $84,258,000; second, $148,030,000; third, $95,094,000; fourth, $177,000,- 
 000. The district is also believed to be the second in the country in the amount 
 of income tax levied and paid. 
 
 Claims are made that the records of military operations will show Penn- 
 sylvania the first state in the Union in the number of her soldier sons who par- 
 ticipated in actual fighting. It is said that the completed casualty lists will 
 show the state to have lost in killed and wounded more men than the entire 
 South. In this proud record the Pittsburgh district achieved a high place. The 
 number of sons of Allegheny county who actually entered the service is esti- 
 mated reliably as being near 60,000. Few, if any, counties in the country ex- 
 ceeded this. Pennsylvania furnished 330,000 soldiers, 250,000 by the draft, 
 30,000 by the Guard, and 50,000 volunteers. 
 
204 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 In Red Cross work, Y. M. C. A., and similar activities an enormous amount 
 of work has been done. Almost everybody has had some part in this as well 
 as in subscribing for Liberty bonds and buying War Savings Stamps. It is 
 believed that when the statistical evidence of all this work has been compiled, 
 this city, county and district will take a rank second to that of no other com- 
 munity in the country. 
 
 More than 47,000,000 American people subscribed to the American Red 
 Cross within a period of 11 months, a total aggregating $313,000,000 in money, 
 and contributed manufactured goods of an estimated value of approximately 
 $44,000,000. 
 
 The losses mentioned above do not include the losses of non-combatants 
 and property destroyed. 
 
 The price which the world has paid for peace is appalling, regardless of the 
 fact that the account is yet far from closed. Not until centuries hence will the 
 books of debit and credit be balanced on this great tragedy, in which blood and 
 money have been poured out as never before in all the history of mankind. 
 
 The debit side of the account we think we know well. Let us turn to the 
 credit side for a moment's consolation ; what is it that we there find ? Dynasties 
 have been wiped out or have disintegrated. The Romanoffs, the Hohenzollerns, 
 the Hapsburgs are put down, with their arrogance and oppression. Those 
 monarchical idiots by divine right of Bulgaria and Greece have disappeared. 
 Thrones and their heirs have fallen. All over the earth peoples are rising to 
 the blessings of self-government. Mankind never before had so vivid a realiza- 
 tion of the preciousness of justice and liberty. New foundation stones have 
 been mined, chiseled and laid for constructive advance in our material civiliza- 
 tion. 
 
 But all these things, desirable as they are, are not worth the price this world 
 has paid for peace. Let us seek something more. Let us transform supreme 
 evil to supreme good, as "God maketh the wrath of man to praise Him," by 
 using the present unprecedented state of world affairs as a divinely appointed 
 opportunity to inaugurate the reign of the brotherhood of man. The right, as 
 it affects all, must prevail. It must master men who have hitherto set it at 
 naught. It must level greed and privilege and caste as it has leveled thrones and 
 dynasties. Every noble youth who died in this Armageddon of the nations died 
 for liberty, fraternity, equality. 
 
 That is the great prize that has been paid for with the lives of the millions 
 of the dead and the billions of money of the living. 
 
 Let us write into the world history wherein men's deeds of hate, greed and 
 injustice "tread upon one another's feet, so fast they follow," an epoch of 
 brotherly love in which the first concern shall always be for those who have 
 suffered most and enjoyed least. 
 
©ut flattonal Hntbems 
 
The One always sure to win, in Peace or War — "Onward, Christian Soldier." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 207 
 
 ARMY AND NAVY ACCEPT "THE STAR SPANGLED BAN- 
 NER," THOUGH NONE IS OFFICIAL. 
 
 (Published in the Gazette Times, May 31, 1917.) 
 
 ttOlR: — Considerable controversy has arisen of late over the claims of 
 *-) various patriotic songs to consideration as the national anthem of the 
 United States. 'The Star Spangled Banner' and 'America' are the principal 
 claimants for the honor. The controversy cannot be settled, for no song has 
 ever been finally and legally adopted by Congress as the national anthem, but 
 by common consent the place is usually ceded to 'The Star Spangled Banner.' 
 A bill was introduced in Congress in 1916 by Representative Dyer, of Mis- 
 souri, to make 'The Star Spangled Banner' legally the national anthem, but 
 the bill did not come up for final action. However, the army and navy use 
 'The Star Spangled Banner' music wherever regulations call for the playing 
 of the 'national anthem.' 
 
 "In 1909 the Librarian of Congress was called upon to furnish a report on 
 various patriotic songs, including 'America,' 'The Star Spangled Banner,' 
 'The Battle Hymn of the Republic,' and 'Yankee Doodle.' This report was 
 issued in 1909, and parts of it were reprinted in 1914. It has sometimes been 
 construed to indicate that the Librarian of Congress thought most favorably 
 of the claims of 'America.' But Oscar Sonneck, chief of the Division of Music, 
 who signed the report, states that it was no part of the intention of the inves- 
 tigators to decide on the relative claims of the various songs to being consid- 
 ered the national anthem. The report deals with the history of the songs and 
 comes to no conclusion. 
 
 "The revised regulations of the United States army, corrected to April, 
 1917, state in section 378 that 'whenever the national anthem is played * * * * 
 all officers and enlisted men shall stand at attention.' In army practice, and in 
 the navy as well, the words 'national anthem' are construed as referring to 
 'The Star Spangled Banner.' 
 
 "Meanwhile there is no one song which has been formally designated by 
 Congress as the national anthem. 'America,' 'The Star Spangled Banner/ 
 and 'The Battle Hymn of the Republic' are all fine songs, with many associa- 
 tions, and there are several other patriotic airs in the same class. Any Amer- 
 ican is following an entirely proper course in rising, uncovering and showing 
 any other mark of respect when any one of them is played. 
 
 "The need for some one legal national anthem is felt, however, and it is 
 not improbable that the present Congress will take the matter up when more 
 pressing business has been attended to. What the selection will be no one can 
 say, but 'The Star Spangled Banner' seems the most probable. This is more 
 epecially the case because the air of 'America,' the other principal contender, 
 is already being used as the air of the national anthem in England and in 
 other European countries. 
 
 "The words of 'America' were written by Rev. Samuel F. Smith, a Bap- 
 tist minister, February 2, 1832, but the music is much older. It was written by 
 Henry Carey, an Englishman, who died in 1743. The anthem, 'America,' was 
 
208 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 first sung in public at the Park Street Church, Boston, Mass., at a patriotic 
 children's service on July 4, 1832. The facts are as follows : 
 
 "In 1831 William C. Woodbridge, of Boston, brought from Europe some 
 German song books, used in the German schools. Lowell Mason, choir leader in 
 the Park Street Church, who was introducing the teaching of music in the 
 public schools of Boston, but who could not read German, brought these 
 books to Rev. Samuel F. Smith to look over, with the idea of compiling similar 
 books for use in the Boston public schools. Mr. Smith wrote the words of 
 'America,' eight verses (see 'Poems of American Patriotism,' by R. L. Paget, 
 of Boston), and applied these eight verses to a tune by Henry Carey, which 
 he found in one of the books brought to him by Mr. Mason. 
 
 " 'The Star Spangled Banner' was written by Francis Scott Key, born 
 August 9, 1780, as a poem, not a song at all. Key was a young attorney of 
 Washington and wrote the poem on the morning of September 14, 1814, in the 
 harbor of Baltimore, on the deck of an enemy warship which was shelling 
 Fort McHenry. Through the night of September 13, 1814, it looked as though 
 the city was doomed, and under these circumstances, Key, an Episcopalian, of 
 English descent, graduate of St. Johns Episcopal College of Annapolis, Md., a 
 vestryman of St. Johns Episcopal Church, Georgetown, D. C, wrote the poem, 
 which is unofficially referred to as our national anthem. All records agree that 
 Key went on board the ship of his own free will and accord. 
 
 "The full text of 'America' is as follows : 
 
 My country, 'tis of thee, 
 Sweet land of liberty, 
 
 Of thee I sing; 
 Land where my fathers died! 
 Land of the Pilgrim's pride ! 
 From every mountain side 
 
 Let freedom ring! 
 
 My native country, thee, 
 Land of the noble free, 
 
 Thy name I love; 
 I love thy rocks and rills, 
 Thy woods and templed hills ; 
 My heart with rapture thrills 
 
 Like that above. 
 
 Let music swell the breeze, 
 And ring from all the trees 
 
 Sweet freedom's song; 
 Let mortal tongues awake; 
 Let all that breathe partake; 
 Let rocks their silence break, 
 
 The sound prolong. 
 
 Our glorious land today, 
 'Neath education's sway, 
 
 Soars upward still! 
 Its halls of learning fair, 
 Whose bounties all may share, 
 Behold them everywhere 
 
 On vale and hill. 
 
 Thy safeguard, liberty, 
 The school shall ever be 
 
 Our nation's pride! 
 No tyrant hand shall smite, 
 While with encircling might 
 All here are taught the right, 
 
 With truth allied. 
 
 Beneath heaven's gracious will, 
 The star of progress still 
 
 Our course doth sway! 
 In unity sublime, 
 To broader heights we climb, 
 Triumphant over time 
 
 God speeds our way. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 209 
 
 Our fathers' God, to Thee, Grand birthright of our sires, 
 
 Author of liberty, Our altars and our fires, 
 
 To Thee we sing; Keep we still pure; 
 
 Long may our land be bright Our starry flag unfurled, 
 
 With freedom's holy light ; The hope of all the world, 
 
 Protect us by Thy might, In peace and light impearled, 
 
 Great God, our King. God hold secure. 
 
 Pittsburgh, May 30, 1917. PERCY F. SMITH. 
 
 Since I penned the above, bills have been introduced in Congress, making 
 "The Star Spangled Banner" the national anthem ; also declaring "America" so 
 to be. The first is already the inspiring hymn of the army and navy. Let us 
 have "America" for those who are "keeping the home fires burning" and for the 
 peace era, and crown the two with the world anthem of "Onward, Christian 
 Soldier." 
 
 "CONSISTENCY, THOU ART A JEWEL." 
 
 TRACING the earliest use of the above quotation was a task, and the efforts 
 of Hon. Judge John M. Kirkpatrick, Prof. Andrew Burtt, of the public 
 schools of Pittsburgh, several newspaper editors and others made it a most 
 interesting contest. It seemed an easy matter to suggest that "Consistency, 
 thou art a jewel" is in the "Merry Wives of Windsor;" "The Midsummer 
 Night's Dream," "Hamlet," "Othello," and so on indefinitely ; only to find that 
 the guessers were chasing phantoms. 
 
 One editor secured Bartlett's quotations and read from one of Shakes- 
 peare's plays, "Unless experience be a jewel," but he was ruled out, as the 
 search was for an entirely different quotation, not an emasculation. 
 
 Finally, after about three months of search and enlisting a small army 
 of those versed in literature, the then editor of the New York Commercial 
 Advertiser came to the rescue and traced it to a point beyond which the 
 inquirers could not go. He located it in a little book entitled "The Jolly 
 Robin Roughhead Series," issued in England in 1684, and the line occurs in this 
 stanza : 
 
 "Tush, tush, my lassie, 
 
 All hopes resign ; 
 Comparisons are cruel ; 
 
 Fine pictures have 
 Frames as fine ; 
 
 'Consistency's a jewel.' " 
 
2io MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 REMEMBER. 
 
 f*!"^ O NOT keep the alabaster boxes of your love and tenderness sealed up 
 *-J until your friends are dead. Fill their lives with sweetness. Speak 
 approving and cheering words while their ears can hear them; while their 
 hearts can be thrilled and be made happier by them. The kind words you 
 mean to say when they are gone, say before they go. The flowers you mean 
 to send for their coffins, send to brighten and sweeten their homes before they 
 leave them. If my friends have alabaster boxes laid away full of fragrant per- 
 fumes of sympathy and affection, which they intend to break over my dead 
 body, I would rather they would bring them out in my weary and troubled 
 hours and open them that I may be refreshed and cheered by them while I 
 need them. I would rather have a plain coffin without a flower, a funeral 
 without an eulogy, than a life without sweetness of love and sympathy. Let 
 us learn to anoint our friends beforehand for their burial. Post mortem kind- 
 ness does not cheer the troubled spirit. Flowers on the coffin cast no fragrance 
 backward over life's weary way. Remember, we travel the road of life but 
 once — let us try to make the world better for having lived." 
 
 THINGS WHICH WE SHOULD FORGET. 
 
 FORGET the slander you have heard, 
 Forget the hasty, unkind word. 
 Forget the quarrel and the cause, 
 Forget the whole affair, because 
 Forgetting is the only way. 
 Forget the storm of yesterday, 
 Forget the chap whose sour face 
 Forgets to smile in any place. 
 Forget the trials you have had, 
 Forget the weather if it's bad. 
 Forget the knocker, he's a freak, 
 Forget him seven days a week. 
 Forget you're not a millionaire, 
 Forget the gray streaks in your hair. 
 Forget the home team lost the game, 
 Forget the pitcher was to blame. 
 Forget the coffee when it's cold, 
 Forget the kick, forget to scold. 
 Forget the plumber's awful charge, 
 Forget the iceman's bill is large. 
 Forget the coal man and his ways (weighs), 
 Forget the heat on summer days. 
 Forget wherever you may roam, 
 Forget the duck who wrote this poem. 
 Forget that he in social bliss 
 Forgot himself when he wrote this. 
 Forget to ever get the blues, 
 But don't forget to pay your dues. 
 
Gbe Greatest 4tb of Juty 
 
Firm united let us be, 
 Rallying round our liberty; 
 As a band of brothers joined 
 Peace and safety we shall find. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 213 
 
 THE GREATEST FOURTH. 
 
 <« r T" , HERE have been other Independence Days, but none so great, so sig- 
 1 nificant as that of 1918," says Percy F. Smith, whom all Dispatch 
 readers know or know of. Mr. Smith, an able writer, has prepared an engross- 
 ing article on his subject, and all 100 per cent. Americans should read it. — 
 Pittsburgh Dispatch, July 20, 1918. 
 
 Next day, Sunday, July 21, 1918, the following story appeared in the 
 Dispatch, embellished with large portraits of President Woodrow Wilson, 
 Washington, Lincoln, Jefferson and McKinley. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE DAY, 1918. 
 
 FRIENDS of the United States and Democracy throughout the whole 
 world joined in the celebration of July 4, 1918, making this year's Inde- 
 pendence Day the greatest in history. Expressions of good will were received 
 from all of America's allies, and from many other peoples and nations. The 
 nation has had many splendid observances of the day commemorating its 
 birth, but none to compare with that featuring the year of effort to gain free- 
 dom for all humanity. 
 
 "Our forefathers, 142 years ago, fought for the liberties and inalienable 
 rights of a few colonies. July 4, 1918, the United States joined hands with 
 Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan and other allied nations in celebration of 
 an alliance to defend the rights and liberties of humanity against an insolent 
 usurper, who would dominate or destroy the world. The spirit of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence crossed the seas, and the flag of the United States was 
 greeted with enthusiasm by all liberty-loving nations. America is just begin- 
 ning to realize what was meant in 1776 when the signers to the Declaration 
 said : 'To this we pledge our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.' 
 
 "John Adams mapped out, 142 years ago, the program actually observed 
 July 4, 1918, in celebrating the Nation's birthday anniversary. Let us briefly 
 note the memorable anniversaries. 
 
 Fourth of July, 1776. 
 
 "In the debate which preceded the Declaration of Independence, John 
 Adams is said by Thomas Jefferson to have excelled all his colleagues. There 
 was a boldness, decision and fire about his speeches which carried conviction 
 to many minds. When the great measure was passed July 2, 1776, he went 
 home and wrote that celebrated letter to his wife : 
 
 " 'The day is passed. The 2d of July, 1776, will be the most memorable 
 epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe it will be celebrated by 
 succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be com- 
 memorated as the day of deliverance by solemn acts of devotion to God Al- 
 mighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, 
 sports, guns, bells, bonfires and illuminations, from one end of this continent 
 to the other, from this time forward, forevermore. 
 
2i 4 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 " 'You will think me transported with enthusiasm, but I am not. I am 
 well aware of the toil and blood and treasure that it will cost us to maintain 
 this declaration and support and defend these States. Yet, through all the 
 gloom I can see the rays of ravishing light and glory. I can see the end is 
 more than worth all the means, and that prosperity will triumph in that day's 
 transaction.' 
 
 "Adams spoke of the second of July, but as the declaration was formally 
 approved on the fourth of July, that day has ever been observed as the birth- 
 day of the Republic. 
 
 Fourth of July, 1826. 
 
 "Adams lived to the great age of 90, long enough to see his son President 
 of the United States and hail the dawn of the Fourth of July, 1826. A few 
 days before a gentleman called upon him and asked him to give a toast which 
 should be presented at the Fourth of July banquet, as coming from him. The 
 old man said, 'I give you "Independence Forever." ' 
 
 " 'Will you not add something to it?' asked the visitor. 
 
 " 'Not a word,' was the reply. 
 
 "The toast was presented at the banquet, where it was received with deaf- 
 ening cheers ; and almost at that moment the soul of this great patriot passed 
 away. Among the last words that could be gathered from his dying lips were 
 these: 'Thomas Jefferson still survives.' 
 
 "But Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence, did not survive. On the same Fourth of July, a few hours before, 
 Jefferson departed this life. Few events have ever occurred in the United 
 States more thrilling to the people than the death on the same anniversary of 
 the Nation's birth of these two aged, venerable and venerated public servants. 
 
 From Jefferson's Diary. 
 
 "We owe to Thomas Jefferson's diary two or three amusing anecdotes 
 relating to the acceptance of the Declaration of Independence, which was 
 written almost entirely by him. When the members were signing the paper, 
 Benjamin Harrison, of Virginia, an enormously corpulent man, looking at the 
 slender, withered form of Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, said : 
 
 " 'Gerry, when the hanging comes I shall have the advantage ; you'll kick 
 in the air half an hour after it is over with me.' 
 
 "It was about this time, too, that Franklin recorded one of his celebrated 
 witticisms. 
 
 " 'We must all hang together in this business,' said one of the members. 
 
 " 'Yes,' said Franklin, 'we must all hang together or most assuredly we 
 shall all hang separately.' 
 
 "Jefferson breathed his last at 50 minutes past meridian on July 4, 1826 — 
 the day his own hand had signalized. 
 
 Fourth of July, 1863. 
 
 "This Fourth of July was made memorable by two great events, the sur- 
 render at Vicksburg and the victory at Gettysburg. 
 
 " 'If it should be asked why the Fourth of July was selected as the day for 
 surrender, the answer is obvious. I believed that upon that day I should 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 215 
 
 obtain better terms. Well aware of the vanity of our foe, I knew they would 
 attach vast importance to the entrance on the Fourth of July into the strong- 
 hold of the great river, and that, to gratify their national vanity, they would 
 yield then what could not be extorted from them at any other time.' 
 
 "With this General Grant did not agree. Pemberton's first letter for sur- 
 render was received about 10 a. m., July 3. 'It then could hardly be expected it 
 would take 24 hours to effect a surrender. He knew his men could not resist 
 an assault, and one was expected on the Fourth. * * * * I rode into Vicksburg 
 with the troops and went to the river to exchange congratulations with the 
 navy upon our joint victory. In the afternoon I returned to my old headquar- 
 ters, outside, and sent the following message to the general in chief: "The 
 enemy surrendered this morning. The only terms allowed is their parole as 
 prisoners of war." 
 
 " 'This news, with the victory at Gettysburg won the same day, lifted a 
 great load of anxiety from the minds of the President, his cabinet and the 
 loyal people of the North. The fate of the Confederacy was sealed when 
 Vicksburg fell. Much hard fighting was to be done afterward and many pre- 
 cious lives were to be sacrificed; but the morale was with the supporters of 
 the Union ever afterward.' — From 'Grant's Memoirs on Vicksburg.' 
 
 "The victory at Gettysburg came at a critical time in the fortunes of both 
 the North and South, the Federals having suffered a severe defeat at Chancel- 
 lorsville, while the Southern army was being besieged at Vicksburg. The tide 
 of battle turned at Gettysburg and Lee began his retreat the following night. 
 Thereafter the cause of the Confederates was a losing one. It might have 
 been expected that never again would there be another such memorable 
 national anniversary. 
 
 Fourth of July, 1876. 
 
 "Thirteen years later the Fourth of July again attracted the attention of 
 all the nations of the world, for on that day nearly 1,000,000 natives and for- 
 eigners attended the Centennial exhibition at Philadelphia in commemoration 
 of the founding of the Republic 100 years before. And it was indeed a mem- 
 orable Fourth, as all the nations of the world were officially represented by 
 their dignitaries and by the most magnificent exhibits of the progress of art 
 and invention for 100 years. It was indeed the start of the teaching of art in 
 American public schools. 
 
 Fourth of July, 1893. 
 
 "The World's Fair at Chicago — the white city by day and night — thanks 
 to the discovery of the electric lights, recorded another memorable Fourth of 
 July, that of 1893, when 750,000 passed the turnstiles to view that wonderful 
 exhibition and to pay homage to the Nation's birthday. 
 
 Fourth of July, 1898. 
 
 "After a brief lull this Nation and the nations of the world were again 
 called to think soberly of the American Independence Day by the glorious 
 victory in Santiago Harbor in 1898, when Sampson's squadron, in command of 
 Admiral Schley, destroyed Cervera's entire Spanish fleet. Following is Samp- 
 son's glorious message : 
 
216 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 "'The fleet under my command offers the Nation, as a Fourth of July- 
 present, the whole of Cervera's fleet. It attempted to escape at 9 130 this morn- 
 ing. At 2 the last ship, the Cristobal Colon, had run ashore 75 miles west of 
 Santiago and hauled down her colors. The Infanta Maria Teresa, Oquendo 
 and Viscaya were forced ashore, burned and blown up within 20 miles of 
 Santiago. The Terror and Pluton were destroyed within four miles' of the 
 port. SAMPSON.' 
 
 "Just 10 Sundays prior to that Dewey had captured or destroyed the 
 Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. It seemed to be America's province to make 
 Sunday a fateful day for the Spanish. 
 
 "And thus it was that the Fourth of July, 1898, was a great day of rejoic- 
 ing in America, with the knowledge that Spain had started on the conquest 
 with the settled belief that America had nothing but a small army of 'tin sol- 
 diers' to resist them, and a navy of skiffs or yawls, armed with horse pistols. 
 
 "History had only repeated itself, for years before Philip of Armada had 
 started out to destroy England and lost his entire fleet without the firing of a 
 gun. The storms at sea did the work, like the rains and floods on the Piave 
 river in 1918, which gave the Italians a great victory over the invading Aus- 
 trian army. 
 
 "Then followed memorable Fourths of July at Buffalo, St. Louis and in 
 California at the magnificent Pan-American celebration. But it was reserved 
 for July 4, 1918, to, as it were, blend the achievements of all of them, and to 
 go completely 'over the top' in notable accomplishments, as well as to show to 
 the nations of the world that the future of America is freighted with immense 
 possibilities. 
 
 July 4, 1918. 
 
 "Summarized, here is the record of July 4, 1918, which vividly recalls the 
 language of John Adams when he proposed the toast, 'Independence Forever 
 — not one word to be added to it.' And how beautifully it fits into the patri- 
 otic expressions of President Wilson at the tomb of George Washington, the 
 compatriot of Adams : 
 
 " 'We must settle once for all for the world, what was settled for America 
 in 1776.' 
 
 " 'America will sheathe the sword only when the world is freed.' 
 
 "But one other suggestion of John Adams should not go unnoticed, viz. : 
 'It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance by solemn acts of 
 devotion to Almighty God' — a thanksgiving day service. 
 
 "But can we not indulge the hope that deep down in the hearts of the 
 people this act of devotion was rendered? In all other respects the program as 
 mapped out by Adams was very generally observed. 
 
 "Bonfires are blazing and rockets ascend; 
 No meager triumphs these tokens portend ; 
 Shout, shout the victory for all, all is well ; 
 And there comes the distant murmur — ring, ring the bells. 
 "Among the notable changes wrought by the war and the program of 
 observance developed is the fact that of our Fourth of July heroes the soldier 
 finished a strong first, the shipbuilder a good second, and the athlete a rather 
 neglected third. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 217 
 
 England's Popular Tribute. 
 
 "Not since the exciting days of the first weeks of the war had London 
 seen such a wave of enthusiasm — Independence Day was on everybody's lips. 
 The United States navy team beat the army in a game of baseball, 2 to I, 
 before King George and a vast throng. The king explained the game to 
 Queen Mary. Admiral Jackson, U. S. A., tutored the Dowager Queen Alex- 
 andria. Instead of American peanuts, etc., tea was served in the grandstand. 
 Admiral Sims and Major General Biddle, U. S. A., conducted the king to the 
 grounds and introduced the captains and the umpire to his majesty. 'And the 
 decks were cleared for action.' 
 
 "The whole of Great Britain is still discussing the American national 
 game since then, having discovered our boys are 'hard hitters.' 
 
 "Haig's greeting to Pershing was: 'Warmest greetings on American 
 Independence Day. Fourth of July this year soldiers of America, France and 
 Great Britain will spend side by side for the first time in history in defense of 
 the great principle of liberty, which is the proudest inheritance and the most 
 cherished possession of their several nations. That liberty which the British, 
 Americans and French won for themselves they will not fail to hold not only 
 for themselves, but for the world.' 
 
 "Pershing's answer was : 'The firm unity of purpose that on the Fourth 
 of July this year so strongly binds the great Allied nations together stands as 
 a new declaration and a new guarantee that the sacred principle of liberty 
 shall not perish, but shall be extended to all peoples.' 
 
 Message to George. 
 
 "General Pershing to Lloyd George: 'The American army in France 
 feels special satisfaction in knowing that yours is beside it for the anniversary 
 of the Declaration of Independence. I have learned with equal pleasure that 
 the people of England are uniting with our soldiers and sailors to celebrate the 
 Fourth with unusual brilliancy — unity for a manifestation of sympathy and 
 international concord, which will remain a memorable date in the history of 
 our two nations.' 
 
 "Marshal Joffre said in part: 'Thanks to American assistance, we shall 
 surmount all the perils of the hour and come out gloriously from the trials of 
 so long a war.' 
 
 "French villages where there are Americans presented a truly American 
 appearance, French soldiers and civilians joining the Americans in cele- 
 brating the Fourth, and making it the holiday of both nations. Civil and mili- 
 tary buildings, and business places and private residences, were decorated 
 with American and French flags and the colors of the other Allies. 
 
 "Graves of America's heroic dead were smothered with flowers by old 
 women and little children. 
 
 "Belgian's army greetings to General Pershing in associated national fete 
 was in behalf of the troops who for nearly four years have been fighting reso- 
 lutely for the independence of their country. On this occasion detachments of 
 all arms filed before the American colors floating over the Flanders plain. 
 All hearts are united in the same wish — success to the Allied armies. 
 
218 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 The Day in Paris. 
 
 "All Allies commemorated Independence Day anniversary of America by 
 meeting in Paris. France poured out her heart to America — a heart of undy- 
 ing love, loyalty and gratitude. For the first time in four somber, weary years, 
 that city was 'gay Paris' again, to do honor to 'L'Amerique' on her birthday. 
 
 "The Earl of Derby, the British Ambassador, and William G. Sharp, 
 American Ambassador, joined in applause at the American Chamber of Com- 
 merce luncheon. A feature of the ceremony at the Strasburg statue in honor 
 of Alsace-Lorraine was the action of an American private soldier who sud- 
 denly left the ranks and as he walked toward the statue shouted in a ringing 
 voice : 
 
 " 'We will fight until right has been restored. Alsace-Lorraine, according 
 to its desire, will become French again.' 
 
 "A wreath of roses was placed upon the tomb of Lafayette in the Picpus 
 cemetery by H. Cleveland Coxe, a delegate of the Sons of the American Revo- 
 lution, Empire State Society. 
 
 "French children, decked with flowers and carrying flags, invaded Ameri- 
 can headquarters in Paris on the Fourth of July morning, bringing greetings. 
 General Pershing kissed the daughter of a French general commanding in the 
 region and made a brief speech. 'Since we arrived in your city we have come 
 to think of this as a corner of America,' he said. 'The same applies to every 
 city, village and hamlet we have occupied in France. Today constitutes a new 
 Declaration of Independence — a solemn oath that the liberty for which France 
 has long been fighting will be attained." 
 
 Proud to be With America. 
 
 "In Fairhaven, Mass., where American-Japanese friendship began nearly 
 three-quarters of a century ago, Viscount Ishii, the Japanese Ambassador, 
 joined in the celebration of Independence Day with a reiteration of his 
 Nation's whole-hearted devotion to the common cause of liberty and a tribute 
 to America's part in the war, and pledged that Japan will do its share in the 
 war, saying, 'Japan is proud to be the ally of America in this sacred war of 
 justice against domination.' 
 
 "The Fourth was celebrated throughout South America in an unprece- 
 dented manner. The day had been declared a national holiday in Peru, Brazil 
 and Uruguay, in all of which it was celebrated like their own independence 
 days. 
 
 "On the occasion of American Independence Day Chilean newspapers, 
 without exception, hailed with great cordiality the position taken by the 
 United States. Editorials applauded the words of President Wilson in ex- 
 pressing the vows of his Nation to continue the war until victory is achieved. 
 
 "The national holiday of the United States was celebrated throughout 
 Algeria with unusual brilliance. A torchlight procession of all the troops in 
 the garrison, with regimental bands, was held. The feature of the decorations 
 of the city was a reproduction of Bartholdi's statue of Liberty Enlightening 
 the World, which was set up in one of the large squares. The Governor Gen- 
 eral reviewed the troops and, with all the other notables in the city, paid a 
 formal visit on the American Consul General. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 219 
 
 "Carranza, Mexican President, to President Wilson : 'I take great pleas- 
 ure in sending the most cordial felicitations of the Mexican people and govern- 
 ment and my most sincere and fervent wishes for the prosperity of the United 
 States and for the very early advent of the everlasting reign of peace and jus- 
 tice in both continents.' 
 
 The Day in America. 
 
 "In our own beloved America, Woodrow Wilson addressed what will no 
 doubt pass into history as the greatest Independence Day celebration — at the 
 tomb of the immortal Washington at Mt. Vernon. We here recall but one or 
 two excerpts from that marvelous address: 
 
 "To the Kaiser — 'We must settle once and for all for the world what was 
 settled for America in 1776.' 
 
 " 'There can be but one issue and the settlement must be final.' 
 
 " 'There can be no compromise.' — President Wilson. 
 
 "Foreign-born citizens of the United States, 33 nationalities, placed 
 wreaths of palms on the tomb of Washington in token of fealty to the prin- 
 ciples laid down by the Father of His Country, and stood with bared heads 
 while John McCormick sang 'The Star Spangled Banner.' 
 
 "Secretary Baker's Camp Grant speech was an inspiring message to the 
 2,500,000 who compose the American army. Mr. Baker declared that the 
 thing which distinguished the United States is that the American armj 
 realizes that the rescue of the principles of freedom and liberty 'counts more 
 than life, counts more than any other thing, and that whatever the cost or 
 sacrifice, it must be made. Your country is sending you to rescue France from 
 the heel of an invader who represents, we hope, the last principal of the auto- 
 cratic and despotic upon this earth of ours.' 
 
 "The Secretary, addressing a Chicago throng representing 75 nations, 
 prefaced his remarks with 'America is certain to win the war, because our 
 right coat-sleeve contains a right strong arm.' 
 
 Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 "American ideal of freedom will prevail over Hun, said Josephus Daniels, 
 Secretary of the Navy, in his speech in New York. 'Americans and their 
 brave assistants, with immortal hate of "despicable deeds," have the "uncon- 
 querable will" and "courage never to submit or yield." ' 
 
 "North American Indians celebrated with a record of $13,000,000 sub- 
 scribed for the Nation's war funds, or $40 per capita for the entire Indian 
 population. Likewise they are enlisting in all branches of the service in large 
 numbers and making good wherever they take hold. 
 
 "Secretary Lane revived the old song, 'Uncle Sam is rich enough to give 
 us all a farm,' by this new declaration : That every returning soldier, who can- 
 not or does not care to resume his former avocation, shall have a farm from 
 the government. He said $2,000,000 will support them while developing it 
 and allow them 40 years to pay for it. Unanimously approved. 
 
 Our Growing Navy. 
 
 "America's merchant fleet, grown to 10,040,659 gross tons by the con- 
 struction of 1,622 new ships of 1,430,793 tons in the fiscal year ended June 30, 
 
220 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 was augmented on the Fourth by the unprecedented launching of nearly ioo 
 ships. 
 
 "This started the day with a thrill for Americans and good cheer for the 
 Allies. 
 
 " 'We are all comrades in a great cause/ declared President Wilson in a 
 message, as part of the launching ceremonies in 76 yards. From General 
 Pershing came the thanks of the American fighting men in Europe. 
 
 " 'With such backing we cannot fail to win/ Chairman Hurley said, for 
 the work accomplished. 'You employes will douse the Kaiser/ 
 
 "The Schwab plant in California recaptured the laurels taken by an East- 
 ern yard with the Tuckahoe by launching a 12,000-ton steel vessel in less than 
 40 working days. 
 
 "The vast program of launchings in which shipyards from Bath, Me., to 
 Tampa, Fla., and from Tacoma, Wash., to Los Angeles, Cal., took part was 
 started at a minute after midnight when at Superior, Wis., the Lake Aurice, a 
 steel vessel of 3,400 tons, slid down the ways. 
 
 "The Philadelphia shipyard district celebrated Independence Day by slip- 
 ping eight ships into the waters of the Delaware to help win the war. 
 
 "All coinage records were broken during the year, the mints being busy 
 on a 24-hour basis most of the year. Over 700,000,000 coin, in value worth 
 $18,000,000 more than 1917, is the record. 
 
 Flashes on Kaiser's Screen. 
 
 "Flashes on the Kaiser's screen were : 'The Germans also knew it was 
 America's day from the artillery, machine gun and rifle fire which had in- 
 creased on the American fronts/ 
 
 " 'Americans and British smash foe line for huge gains.' 
 
 " 'The French struck a hard blow against the enemy's front in the west, a 
 hole a mile and a half deep/ was the message to the Allies — the Kaiser got it 
 by wireless. 
 
 " 'A German aviator bombed a hospital in Paris, wounding two Ameri- 
 cans. The large Red Cross flag on the building was plainly visible to the 
 Teuton airman.' 
 
 " 'Destruction in European waters of five German submarines by British 
 transports, and by American and British destroyers convoying them, was a 
 feature/ 
 
 " 'Press of Paris and London heartily approve President Wilson's 
 address/ 
 
 "And still there's more to follow. 
 
 " 'Italians beat off counter blows and gained steadily against the enemy.' 
 
 " 'Foch seems ready to begin drive for Allies' side.' 
 
 " 'Reports reached London from Dutch sources that the death of the Sul- 
 tan of Turkey, Mohammed V., was not due to natural causes, and presumably 
 was part of a revolutionary movement in the Ottoman Empire/ 
 
 " 'Holland takes no chance and sends an armed convoy with a fleet to the 
 East Indies/ 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 221 
 
 " 'Armenians occupy Erivan in former Russian territory.' 
 
 " 'Five American aviators attached to the Italian army were decorated 
 with the Italian war cross by King Victor Emmanuel.' 
 
 Red Cross Nurses. 
 
 "Red Cross appealed to girl graduates for 25,000 nurses before January, 
 1919, for the army and navy corps. 
 
 " 'The Kaiser threatens a blow via Finland,' and the band played 'Annie 
 Rooney.' 
 
 "President Wilson asked Congress for authority to take over the tele- 
 graph and telephone lines, which, with the railroad and express companies, 
 already commandeered, adds to the historic grandeur and strength of America. 
 
 "The National Education Association proposed drafting the American 
 mothers into the schools, thus settling the married teacher problem. 
 
 "Other high lights were : 
 
 "Birth of new revenue bill to provide $8,000,000,000 to push the war.' 
 
 "Birth of scheme to appropriate $100,000,000 to extend benefits nationally 
 of public education and to properly recompense the 750,000 teachers who will 
 aid in the work of reconstruction. 
 
 "All revenue accruing from new rates of the merged express companies is 
 to go to the employes' wage account. 
 
 Billions Spent. 
 
 "Almost $13,000,000,000 spent for the first year of entrance into war — and 
 then what? Eight billion dollars 'sizzling'! Another million or two more of 
 men. 'On to Berlin !' the slogan. 
 
 "Our Red Cross and Y. M. C. A. work unparalleled in the history of the 
 world, and the latter organization gives notice of the need of another $100,- 
 000,000 to be gathered in a few days after the floating of the next $8,000,000,- 
 000 loan of Liberty bonds. 
 
 " 'The acceptance of Wilson's terms will end the war,' said Premier Lloyd 
 George, and everybody applauded the speech. But meantime, acceptance or 
 no acceptance, 251,000 American troops actually on the fighting line are to be 
 reinforced by millions and with billions of money — from the place where the 
 'home fires are burning,' and 'leaden rain and iron hail' will be the welcome of 
 the Teuton hosts at any time they may decide to proceed against the French, 
 English and American walls now being erected on the patriotic soil across 
 the sea. 
 
 "The Virgin Islands (once Danish West Indies), America's new posses- 
 sion, have gone dry. The local legislature has adopted the government pro- 
 posal for prohibition for the period of the war. 
 
 "Thirteen States have ratified, Georgia being the thirteenth. One more 
 than a fourth of all of the States have ratified. One more than a third of the 
 required number are in line for the amendment. 
 
222 ' MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Big Majority. 
 
 "Georgia goes over the top; dry amendment ratified in record time, and 
 by a big majority. Senate completes task in four minutes, 35 to 2. House kills 
 a little time in debate, but votes dry, 121 to 24. Thirteenth State to ratify. 
 
 "Texas becomes bone dry July 1, and 750 saloons — all that remained out- 
 side of 1,800 previously closed up — went out of business — a bone dry Fourth. 
 
 "Dry substitute now in United States Senate. It provides for national 
 prohibition January 1, 1919, but the manufacture of beer is to stop in 
 November. 
 
 [Since the above was written Congress has enacted legislation declaring the 
 nation shall be dry, fixing the date July 1, 1919, instead of January 1, 1919.] 
 
 "Rev. Edward Bridwell offered to the administration to enlist 500 Metho- 
 dist Kansas families— not persons, but families — in a wheatless diet until the 
 growing crop is ground into flour, if the administration will come over to the 
 war prohibition policy. 
 
 "Roll of prohibition States and Territories includes 30, with seven States 
 to vote on the question in 1918. 
 
 "The possibility of the formation of a League of Nations, the necessity of 
 such a plan and the agreements necessary to the success of such a league, 
 were fully set forth by Viscount Grey, former British Foreign Secretary. 
 
 "The Federated Council of Churches of the World, with envoys in Amer- 
 ica from the Allies, spread the propaganda for a fund of $200,000,000 to carry 
 the Gospel to those already thirsting for it as never before, and who will feel 
 the need of it when 'peace, sweet peace, comes.' Soldiers confess the greater 
 the danger the closer they want to be to the Great Captain and Leader held up 
 to them by the chaplains and Y. M. C. A. workers. They willingly offer their 
 lives as a sacrifice that others may live and that 'autocracy' will be eliminated 
 forever; treaties will be recognized as a sacred covenant forever; right and 
 not might will prevail forever, and peace, lasting peace, will be on such a 
 basis that the soldiers' children and their children's children will never again 
 witness such a cruel war. 
 
 Fourth in Pittsburgh. 
 
 "Thousands of foreign-born persons in Allegheny county paid tribute 
 to their adopted land by a grand parade and assembly in Schenley Park, 
 where Gov. M. G. Brumbaugh gave the message of freedom. 
 
 "Twenty thousand Poles attended the celebration in Schenley Park and 
 afterward adopted a resolution which was sent to President Wilson, pledging 
 their loyalty to the United States, their adopted land. 
 
 "The Young Women's Christian Association opened its clubhouse for 
 soldiers by a flag raising and patriotic exercises. H. C. Frick donated the 
 house and grounds on Fifth avenue, Schenley Farms. All soldiers in Pitts- 
 burgh, either temporarily or permanently, are welcome to make Hospitality 
 House their home. They may go there and entertain their sweethearts and 
 relatives and rest from their drills and school. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 223 
 
 "One of the hugest and most modern type of steel barge was launched on 
 the ways of the Dravo Contracting Company, Neville Island. The record per- 
 formance followed. The barge had hardly left the ways before the workmen 
 had swarmed in after it with hammers. In seven and a half minutes the 
 blocks were replaced and the keel of the steamer Warren Elsie was laid. This 
 beat the best previous record by an even 10 seconds. The third launching in 
 three weeks ; program includes for the year six steamers, seven maneuver 
 boats for the government and 15 steel barges. 
 
 "Excepting New York City, Pitttsburgh led in its payment of incomes, 
 excess profits and miscellaneous taxes, ascertained in time for the Fourth of 
 July celebration : Pittsburgh, $332,000,000 ; New York, $457,000,000 ; Philadel- 
 phia, $200,000,000, and Chicago, $304,000,000. 
 
 "A cleanup of two holiday straights put our Pirates into fourth place. 
 
 Flag in London. 
 
 "But we have reserved the best of the wine for the close of the feast. 
 Here it is : 
 
 " 'In London, for the second time in history, the Stars and Stripes 
 waved above the great tower of the Parliament buildings in Westminster, 
 alongside the Union Jack. The American flag was also on the Lord Mayor's 
 mansion in the heart of the city.' 
 
 " 'Lest we forget,' let the following words sink deep into the heart of 
 every American who loves his native land : 
 
 "Attu, the most western of the Aleutian Islands, in Alaska, in June holds 
 the setting sun until it rises in Maine. So, years before the United States 
 acquired the Philippines it was as true of the Stars and Stripes as it was of 
 the Union Jack, that the sun never set on the country over which it floated. 
 
 "You're a grand old flag, tho torn to a rag, 
 
 And forever in peace may you wave; «> 
 
 You're the emblem of the land I love, 
 
 The home of the free and the brave. 
 Every heart beats true for the red, white and blue, 
 
 Without ever a boast or brag. 
 And should old acquaintance be forgot — 
 
 Keep your eye on the grand old flag. 
 
 "Grand birthright of our sires, 
 
 Our altars and our fires, j 
 
 Keep we still pure. :..{ 
 
 Our starry flag unfurled, ~ " 
 
 The hope of all the world, 
 In peace and light impearled, 
 
 God hold secure." 
 
224 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 THE Public School is an American institution and of paramount importance to 
 the future welfare and betterment of the physical, moral and intelligent 
 make-up of our people. The Public Schools are the colleges of the people, in 
 which the boys and girls acquire an education that makes them intelligent men 
 and women, qualifies them to more readily grapple with the stern realities of life, 
 overcome its difficulties and be the better equipped to earn a livelihood. 
 
 The corner stone and crowning arch of our American grandeur, stability and 
 position among the nations of the earth is attributable to the unmeasured worth of 
 our free Public School System, and it should be kept inviolate in its formation 
 and purity of teachings,- free from all religious or sectarian bias or control. 
 
 It is the duty of all America-loving people to continue the Public School 
 with the open Bible, so that when knowledge sits upon the throne of reason, moral- 
 ity may occupy the citadel of intelligence. The excellency of the morality of the 
 Bible has been admitted by the most distinguished of men, among whom are 
 Gibbon, Byron, Carlyle, Lord Bolingbroke, Napoleon Bonaparte, Goethe and 
 Renan. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin, five weeks before his death, said: "The services of the 
 Bible in behalf of human rights and freedom, and in reforming and purifying 
 jurisprudence and politics, have been recognized by many of the most distin- 
 guished historians, jurists and statesmen." 
 
 Moral teaching, coupled with educational instruction, guarantees the upbuild- 
 ing of a government of the people, for the people and by the people, in the highest 
 conception of the greatest good to all the people. 
 
 Colonel Roosevelt, as an atfer-the-war measure, advocates free night schools 
 to teach English, and recommends that if the foreign-born after five years, "have 
 not learned, then send them home — we can't afford to have this country grow up 
 as a polyglot boarding house." 
 
 OUR STEWARDSHIP. 
 
 LIFE is not for self-indulgence, but for self-devotion. When, instead of 
 saying, "The world owes me a living," men shall say, "I owe the world 
 a life," then the kingdom shall come in power. We owe everything to God but 
 our sins. Fatherland, pedigree, home life, schooling, Christian training — all 
 are God's gifts. Every member of the body or faculty of mind is ours provi- 
 dentially. There is no accomplishment in our lives that is not rooted in oppor- 
 tunities and powers we have nothing to do with in achieving. "What hast 
 thou that thou didst not receive?" If God gives us the possibilities and the 
 power to get wealth, to acquire influence, to be forces in the world, what is the 
 true conception of life but divine ownership and human administration? "Of 
 thine own we render thee." All there is of "me" is God's estate, and I am his 
 tenant and agent. On the day of our birth a new lease is signed. On the day 
 of our death accounts are closed. Our fidelity is the interest on God's princi- 
 pal. "That I may receive mine own with interest" is the divine intention. So 
 live that when thy summons comes to give an account of thy stewardship, it 
 may be done with joy, and not with grief. — Maltbie Davenport Babcock. 
 
Gfoe ©utet Ibour 
 
Life is not for self-indulgence 
 But for self-devotion. 
 
l-', MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 227 
 
 WHAT TO READ. 
 
 IF YOU HAVE THE BLUES 
 
 Read the Twenty-seventh Psalm. 
 IF YOUR POCKET BOOK IS EMPTY 
 
 Read the Thirty-seventh Psalm. 
 IF PEOPLE SEEM UNKIND 
 
 Read the Fifteenth Chapter of John. 
 IF YOU ARE DISCOURAGED ABOUT YOUR WORK 
 
 Read the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Psalm. 
 IF YOU ARE ALL OUT OF SORTS 
 
 Read the Twelfth Chapter of Hebrews. 
 IF YOU CAN'T HAVE YOUR OWN WAY IN EVERY- 
 THING KEEP SILENT AND 
 
 Read the Third Chapter of James. 
 IF YOU ARE LOSING CONFIDENCE IN MEN 
 
 Read the Thirteenth Chapter of First Corinthians. 
 
 THE DIFFERENCE. 
 
 •HE wise man admits and laughs at his own folly. The fool gets angry and 
 denies that he has any. 
 
 KING SOLOMON. 
 
 < < A S WE sat by the fire" I recalled Solomon's words, "Iron sharpeneth 
 J~\ iron; so a man sharpeneth the countenance of a friend." Contact 
 with men develops the best that is within us. We can learn something daily 
 from everyone we meet. Learning this early in life, I strictly observed it and 
 have greatly profited thereby. 
 
 GLADSTONE, 
 
 ASKED "as he sat by the fire," how he so cheerfully undertook the great 
 work of England daily, and to what he attributed his wonderful suc- 
 cess, answered: 
 
 "Every morning, on opening my eyes, the first thing that greets me, over 
 the foot of my bed, are these words : 'Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, 
 whose mind is stayed on Thee, because he trusteth in Thee.' 
 
 "Texts like the above, if observed, mark the 'End of a Perfect Day.' " 
 
228 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 MY SYMPHONY. 
 
 TO LIVE content with small means; to seek elegance rather than luxury, 
 and refinement rather than fashion; to be worthy, not respectable, and 
 wealthy, not rich; to study hard, think quietly, talk gently, act frankly; to 
 listen to stars and birds, to babes and sages with open heart; to bear all cheer- 
 fully, do all bravely, await occasions ; hurry never ; in a word, to let the spir- 
 itual, unbidden and unconscious grow up through the common. This will be 
 my symphony. — William Henry Channing. 
 
 A TASK. 
 
 TO BE honest, to be kind; to earn a little and spend a little less; to make 
 upon the whole a family happier for his presence ; to renounce when that 
 shall be necessary and not to be embittered ; to keep a few friends, but these 
 without capitulation ; above all, on the same grim conditions, to keep friends 
 with himself. Here is a task for all that man has of fortitude and delicacy. — 
 Robert Louis Stevenson. 
 
 HOPE, LOVE AND TRUST— THESE THREE 
 
 THE mills of the God grind slowly, 
 But they grind exceedingly small. 
 So soft and slow the great wheels go 
 
 They scarcely move at all. 
 But the souls of men fall into them 
 
 And are powdered all to dust, 
 And from the dust spring the passion flowers, 
 HOPE, LOVE AND TRUST. 
 
 THE TEST OF THE HEART IS TROUBLE. 
 
 •TrS easy enough to be pleasant 
 
 i. When life flows along like a song, 
 But the one worth while 
 Is the one who can smile 
 
 When everything goes wrong. 
 For the test of the heart is trouble, 
 
 And it always comes with the years; 
 But the smile that is worth 
 All the praises of earth 
 
 Is the smile that shines through tears. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 229 
 
 THAT WHICH ABIDES. 
 
 THE true measure of your life is not the space you occupy while living, but 
 the abiding results of your life. You can build on the surface and your 
 work will show at once. But when the frosts come it will be unsettled. But 
 lay the foundation deep in the ground, and on a solid basis, and like the oak 
 which is toughened by the storm, it will successfully resist all tests. 
 
 Generations afterward your work will stand and will be found to have 
 blessed every generation as it passed. 
 
 BENEFIT OF ORGANIZATION. 
 
 THE man with the long lash to his whip was illustrating the wonderful 
 accuracy with which the eye can be trained. He would wield the whip 
 so as to clip a flower from a spiral, a fly from the table, a coin from the 
 ground, and other inconceivable stunts. A boy bystander said to him, "Do 
 you think you could crack yonder clump just under the eaves of the barn?" 
 "Yes," said the man, as he gazed at the hornet's nest. "I could hit it easily, but 
 1 won't — they are organized." 
 
 A TOAST— A THOUSAND YEARS 
 
 HERE'S to you, dear ladies, 
 May you live one thousand years, 
 To sort 'er keep things lively, 
 
 In this vale of human tears. 
 And here's that we may live 
 
 One thousand years, too. 
 Did we say "a thousand years?" 
 
 No, a thousand less a day, 
 For we should hate to live on earth 
 
 And learn that you had passed away. — Anon. 
 
 THIS WILL INTEREST YOU. 
 
 IF a person's head measures six inches from side to side between points just 
 in front of the upper part of the ears, where they join the head, it will be 
 found that his ancestors, or some of them, reached 90 years of age. If he meas- 
 ures five inches from the bridge of the nose to the orifice of the ear, some of 
 his ancestors on the mother's side reached 90. If the trunk from the seat of a 
 chair in which a person sits erect, measures 28 inches to the top of the breast 
 bone, he will never show consumptive traits. 
 
230 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE VALUE OF A KIND WORD. 
 
 S SHE was about to purchase a paper from a half-clad, shivering little 
 mite of a newsboy on an exceedingly chilly day, a kind lady said: 
 "Aren't you very cold, my little boy?" 
 Newsboy — "I wuz, lady, until you spoke to me." 
 
 DO YOUR BEST FOR ONE ANOTHER 
 
 MANY a bright, good-hearted fellow, 
 Many a well deserving man, 
 Finds himself some time, in trouble ; 
 
 So then help him if you can. 
 Some succeed at every turning — 
 
 Fortune favors every scheme ; 
 Others, too, just as deserving 
 
 Have to pull against the stream. 
 So then — Do your best for one another, 
 
 Make this life a pleasant dream; 
 Help your worn and weary brother, 
 
 Pulling hard against the stream. 
 
 BISHOP VINCENT, M. E. CHURCH. 
 
 A MORNING prayer and resolution : "I will try this day to live a simple, 
 sincere, serene life, repelling every thought of discontent, self-seeking 
 and anxiety; cultivating magnanimity, self-control and the habit of silence; 
 practicing economy, cheerfulness and helpfulness. 
 
 "And as I cannot in my own strength do this, or even with a hope of suc- 
 cess attempt it, I look to Thee, O Lord, my Father, in Jesus Christ, my Savior, 
 and ask for the gift of the Holy Spirit." — Topeka (Kan.) Capital, first issue; 
 Rev. Sheldon, March 12, 1900. 
 
 TOM PAINE. 
 
 YES, I "sat by the fire" and said to Paine: "Something over a hundred 
 years ago you predicted that at this time the Bible would be extinct and 
 religion a forgotten thing. Then there were only a few Bibles in circulation, 
 and families had to consolidate because there were not sufficient to go around, 
 individually." 
 
 Today there are 600,000,000 of Bibles in circulation in all the known lan- 
 guages of the world, and it is still the best seller of any book ever published; 
 Meantime Tom Paine's temple was sold at sheriff's sale, and it is Tom 
 that is "exstinkt." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 231 
 
 INDIA PAPER. 
 
 INDIA paper, the fine, beautiful paper used in the Oxford Bibles, is made 
 from old, rough, coarse sail cloth. Even so is character established, how- 
 ever harsh, coarse or unclean one may be, if the molding anew is in the hands 
 of the Master. The transition is as complete as that of the India paper. 
 
 FIND YOUR WORK OR MAKE IT. 
 
 THE most useful Christians are not always the talented, but Christians 
 with enterprise, courage and consecration enough to find a work or 
 make it. Always keep the main business in view — work for the blessed Mas-, 
 ter. Don't be deceived by the noise of activity. Make sure that your work is 
 producing something more than noise. Make your work a joy. Get fun out 
 of it. Ask a boy to watch a spot on the wall for five minutes and you will 
 weary him beyond measure; invite him to look at a moving picture and he 
 will clamor for more. Shoveling snow from the sidewalks is work and is 
 fatiguing. Shoveling the same snow to build a fort is fun and the shoveler 
 will keep it up for hours. These facts are parables. Will you allow me to 
 make practical application of them ? 
 
 If your work is a task you will never get so much done, or get it so well 
 done as you will if you make it a joy. Look at it in the right light. Anything 
 you do in working for your Master should be welcomed as a blessed privilege 
 —never regarded as a duty. Think what it will mean 10 years from now — a 
 thousand years from now ! Do your Christian work for the sheer pleasure of 
 helping Jesus Christ; serve as the angels serve, from pure delight to be 
 counted worthy of sharing in God's enterprise. For without doubt religion 
 is the greatest enterprise in the world today. 
 
 THE VERY BEST TABLE ETIQUETTE. 
 
 [AKE love and good cheer 
 
 Constant guests at your table, 
 And the fruit of your knowledge 
 And skill will be able 
 
 To fatten both body and soul. 
 
 w 
 
 PHILOSOPHY OF THE POSTAGE STAMP. 
 
 MY SON, observe the philosophy of the postage stamp. It has the knack of 
 sticking to anything until it "gets there." And then comes the poor 
 porous plaster that is enabled to stick and do a man good, even after he has 
 turned his back to it. 
 
232 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 SIMON SHORT'S SON SAMUEL. 
 
 WILL you kindly see how fast you can read this biography? 
 Shrewd Simon Short sewed shoes. — Seventeen summers, speeding 
 storms, spreading sunshine, successively saw Simon's small, shabby shop still 
 standing stanch, saw Simon's self-same squeaking sign still swinging, silently 
 specifying: "Simon Short, Smithfield's sole surviving shoemaker. Shoes 
 sewed, soled superfinely." Simon's spry, sedulous spouse, Sally Short, sewed 
 shirts, stuffed sofas, stitched sheets. Simon's six, stout, sturdy sons, Seth, 
 Samuel, Silas, Stephen, Saul, Shadrach — sold sundries. Sober Seth sold sugar, 
 starch, spice; simple Sam sold saddles, stirrups, screws; sagacious Stephen 
 sold silks, satins, shawls; skeptical Saul sold salvers; selfish Shadrach sold 
 salves, shoe strings, soap, saws, skates; slack Silas sold Sally Short's stuffed 
 sofas. 
 
 Some seven summers since, Simon's second son Samuel saw Sophia 
 Sophronia Spriggs somewhere. Sam showed soon strange symptoms. Sam 
 seldom stayed storing, selling saddles. Sam sighed sorrowfully, sought 
 Sophia Sophronia's society, sang serenades slyly. Simon stormed, scolded 
 severely, said Sam seemed so silly singing such shameful, senseless songs. 
 "Strange, Sam sho'd slight such splendid summer sales! shatter-brained sim- 
 pleton! strutting spendthrift!" 
 
 "Softly, sire," said Sally. "Sam's smitten, Sam's spied some sweetheart." 
 
 "Sentimental schoolboy!" snarled Simon. "Smitten! Stop such stuff!" 
 Simon sent Sally's snuff-box spinning, seized Sally's scissors, smashed Sallie's 
 spectacles, scattered several spools. "Sneaking scoundrel! Sam's shocking 
 silliness shall surcease!" Scowling, Simon stopped speaking, starting swiftly 
 shopward. Sally sighed sadly. Summoning Sam, she spoke sympathy. 
 
 "Sam," said she, "sire seems singularly snappy; so sonny, stop strolling 
 streets, stop smoking segars, spending specie superfluously, stop sprucing so, 
 stop singing serenades, stop short! Sell saddles, sonny, sell saddles sensibly! 
 See Sophia Sophronia Spriggs soon; she's sprightly, she's stable, so solicit — 
 secure Sophia speedily, Sam." 
 
 BEAUTIFUL WAYSIDE GEMS 
 
 SOME stand today on Nebo, 
 The journey nearly done, 
 And some are in the valley, 
 
 But all are going home. 
 Home — that beautiful place 
 He has gone to prepare 
 
 For all that are washed and forgiven ; 
 And many dear children 
 Are gathering there 
 
 For of such is the Kingdom of Heaven. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 233 
 
 BIBLICAL CURIOSITIES. 
 
 THE Bible contains 66 books, 1,189 chapters, 31,173 verses, 773,692 words, 
 3,566,480 letters. 
 
 The word "and" occurs 46,227 times; the word "reverend" occurs only 
 once — in the 9th verse of the nth Psalm; the name "Lord" occurs 6,962 times 
 in the Old Testament; "God" occurs 2,726 times; "Jesus" 625 times in the 
 New Testament ; "Christ" 555 times ; the word "Selah" — which we believe has 
 never been satisfactorily interpreted — is met with 74 times in the Bible ; the 
 word "eternity" but once. The double assertion, "Verily, verily," is to be seen 
 25 times in John's gospel, and nowhere else. There are 314 interrogatories ( ?) 
 in Job. The phrase, "And God said," occurs 10 times in the 1st chapter of 
 Genesis. The word "foreordained" is mentioned but once in the whole Bible — I 
 Peter 1, xx; "atonement" but once in the New Testament. There is no men- 
 tion made in the Scriptures of "Adam's fall, original sin," or the "covenant of 
 grace." The words "eternal life" are mentioned but once — Daniel 12, « The 
 word "predestination" is not mentioned in the whole book. 
 
 The middle and shortest chapter is the 117th Psalm; the middle ve»ve is 
 the 8th of the 118th Psalm; the longest verse is the 8th of the 9th clnpt*-'- of 
 Esther; the shortest is the 35th of the nth chapter of St. John. The 19^. chap- 
 ter of II. Kings and the 34th of Isaiah are alike. The 8th, 15th, 21st and 31st 
 verses of the 107th Psalm are alike; and each verse of the 136th Psalm ends 
 alike. There are no words or names in the Bible of more than six syllables. 
 
 CHARACTER BUILDING. 
 
 BOYS are just like pieces of canvas and, with God helping, wherever you 
 are, on each you can put a picture of Christ. You will put it on a live 
 canvas, and it will walk the streets of your city ; it will go into your homes ; it 
 will go into stores ; it will be a real thing. 
 
 Character building is the grandest work in the world. Other things 
 crumble and fall to nothing, but when you have helped God build a character, 
 you have built something that is going to live as long as God lives. 
 
 THE SHEPHERD'S PSALM. 
 
 iiHPHE world could spare many a large book better than this sunny little 
 X Psalm. It has dried many tears and supplied the mold into which 
 many hearts have poured their peaceful faith." — Dr. McClaren. 
 
 COURTESY. 
 
 OURTESY is one of the cheapest exercises of virtue ; it costs even less 
 than rudeness. — Vanderbilt to New York Central employes. 
 
234 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 SOWING AND REAPING. 
 
 ALL the loving links that bind us, one by one we leave behind us. But the 
 seeds of good we sow, both in shade and shine will grow, and will keep 
 our hearts aglow, while the days are going by. 
 
 A LESSON ON CONFIDENCE. 
 
 A MIDDLE-AGED woman sat in the seat with a little girl perhaps nine 
 years old. The train was behind its schedule time, and was running at 
 a rapid rate. The lady was very nervous and several times asked the child if 
 she were not frightened. At length the woman almost cried with fright and, 
 gazing at the unconcerned child, said: "Aren't you afraid?" "No," said the 
 child; "my papa's the engineer." 
 
 WHILE THE DAYS ARE GOING BY. 
 
 THERE'S no time for idle scorning; 
 Let your face be like the morning ; 
 Oh! the smile we can renew, 
 As our journey we pursue ; 
 Oh ! the good we all may do 
 
 While the days are going by. 
 
 SHE'S SOMEBODY'S MOTHER. 
 
 HE WAS a handsome, manly boy, ringleader on a crowded street of a gang 
 of wild-eyed playmates. He was having a merry time, in all sorts of 
 athletic stunts, when of a sudden the sport ceased and he was in the middle of 
 the street, escorting to a place of safety an elderly woman, frail, emaciated 
 and very poorly clad. 
 
 After placing her in safety he returned to the lads with this remarkable 
 observation : "Boys, she's somebody's mother." 
 
 T 
 
 PEACE, SWEET PEACE. 
 
 HE kind of peace which President Wilson seeks for the world is repre- 
 sented by that beautiful picture in old Fortress Monroe, where, in the 
 mouth of a huge cannon which had been a mighty engine of destruction dur- 
 ing the Civil War, a bird had nested and one day brought forth a brood of 
 songsters, whose sweet notes thrilled the soldiers at the fort. Swords into 
 ploughshares and other weapons into pruning hooks ; cannon into birds' nests. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 235 
 
 AVOIDING DANGER. 
 
 A GENTLEMAN, wishing to hire a chauffeur, asked the first candidate how 
 near he could drive to the edge of a dangerous precipice in going to and 
 from his beautiful home, with his family. 
 
 Reply : "I think I could make it by a margin of 12 inches." 
 Second candidate: "I think I could pass it safely with a margin of two 
 feet." 
 
 The third and successful candidate said "he would drive the machine as 
 far to the other side as possible." 
 
 MAN CONSIDERED AS A SOCIAL BEING. 
 
 WE may live without poetry, music and art, 
 We may live without conscience, 
 We may live without heart, 
 
 We may live without friends. 
 We may live without books, 
 But civilized man cannot live without cooks. 
 
 We may live without books, 
 
 What is knowledge but grieving? 
 We may live without hope, 
 
 What is hope but deceiving? 
 We may live without love, 
 
 What is passion but pining? 
 But where is the man 
 
 Who can live without dining? 
 
 — Owen Meredith. 
 
 AN OPEN DOOR. 
 
 THE six days chain you as captives to the earth and do their best to 
 keep the prison doors shut, that you may forget the way out. The 
 Lord's day sets before you an open door and bids you look forth into your 
 immortality. — Pulsford. 
 
 BE CONSISTENT. 
 
 IT IS a good thing to investigate great questions for ourselves, but it is not 
 safe to be always stirring up the heart with an interrogation point. Have 
 something settled or you will have nothing to stand upon. It is refreshing 
 always to be consistent. 
 
236 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 LITERARY MERIT OF THE BIBLE. 
 
 »<¥ EST we forget," let it be understood Mr. H. B. Swoope, U. S. District 
 l—i Attorney at Pittsburgh, while a relentless persecutor — he always insisted 
 ''prosecutor" — those closely associated with him found him the possessor of many 
 remarkable qualities, sympathy being notably in evidence. 
 
 That he was gifted in more than legal knowledge is shown by an address 
 on the "Literary Character of the Bible," which he delivered before the Wilm- 
 ington, Del., Institute, January 8, 1867. He modestly entitled it "A lawyer's 
 humbTe Tribute to the superior literary merit of the Inspired Volume." 
 
 He wrote under three heads : the history, poetry and prophecy or philosophy 
 of the Bible, but at this time mention is made only of the closing paragraphs. 
 Here they are : 
 
 "From the Psalms we turn to the stately diction of Isaiah, whose sublime 
 prophecy is one long rapture, adorned with the richest profusion of imagery, 
 clutched from the empyrean — from the story of Lebanon — the excellency of 
 Sharon — the green forests of Carmel — the willows of Kedron — and the flocks 
 of Nabaioth. Majesty is his most marked characteristic — a majesty more com- 
 manding and more uniformly sustained than is to be found in the writings of any 
 other author. He is most lavish of that poetical figure which elevates the style — 
 Personification. Thus the sublime passage in which he describes the downfall of 
 the Assyrian King abounds with personified objects. The fir trees and cedars 
 break forth into exulation on the fall of the tyrant; hell from beneath stirs up 
 all its horrid inmates to give him a fitting reception, and the dead kings are in- 
 troduced as speaking and joining in the song of triumph. We almost hear his 
 shout of exultation as the grand panorama of the Millenium bursts upon his en- 
 raptured vision, and we say in the words of Ezekiel : 
 
 Thou art the confirmed exemplar of measures, 
 Full of wisdom and perfect in beauty. 
 
 Poetry of Holy Writ 
 
 "We cannot do more than mention the rude vehemence of Ezekiel, the awful 
 allegory of Daniel, the sublime melancholy of Jeremiah, the energy of Hosea, the 
 elegance of Joel, the concise greatness of Micah, the majesty of Nahum, the sim- 
 ple, touching and faultless story of Joseph, surpassing in beauty and moral 
 grandeur the world-renowned epics of Homer and Virgil, nor yet the charming 
 and exquisite picture of nature presented in the little book of the gleaner, Ruth, 
 which is declared by Goethe to be the loveliest specimen of epic and ideal poetry 
 in existence. 
 
 "We can scarce do more than refer to the beautiful poetry of Jesus. Indeed, 
 His whole life was a poem — a poem of lowliness and grandeur — of poverty and 
 glory, of humility and power, of angels and men, closing with the fearful tragedy 
 of Mount Calvary, which heaven, earth and hell combined to render terrible. 
 
 "He was ever in closest accord with outward nature, and in all the prom- 
 inent events of His life the work of His hands seemed to sympathize. When 
 He was born the brightest stars in the glittering host stood sentinel over the 
 manger; during His life the winds and waves obeyed Him; when He died the 
 sun veiled himself in darkness, the rocks were rent, the earth quaked, and 'the 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 237 
 
 pulse of the universe stood still.' But not only did nature sympathize with Him ; 
 He also sympathized with nature, and seemed to seek in external scenery a coun- 
 terpart for all the various moods of His mind. Hence when He was about to be 
 baptized and proclaimed 'the beloved Son,' He stood on the green-clad banks of 
 the Jordan wherein rippling waters emblemed His purity, and the sweet perfume 
 of the trees and flowers floated around Him. But in the hour of His great temp- 
 tation, He wandered into the wilderness, where gloom and desolation could 
 harmonize with His sorrow, and where truth and beauty never enter, save in 
 the* garb of humility and of tears. Thus He seemed not only to be at home in 
 nature but to be completely identified with it so that though He 'was not recog- 
 nized by men, the lilies of the field looked up meaningly in His face ; the waters 
 perceived Him — they saw Him well ; the winds lingered amid His hair ; the sun- 
 beams played on His forehead ; the landscape from the summit seemed to crouch 
 lovingly at His feet, and the stars from their far thrones sent Him down 
 obeisance.' 
 
 The Beatitudes 
 
 "But while there was poetry in His life, there was far more in the gems 
 of living beauty that dropped from His lips, which were treasured up in the 
 hearts of His followers and now garnish the pages of the four Gospels. His 
 first recorded words are the Sermon on the Mount, and we feel that every sen- 
 tence of this magnificent cluster of beatitudes is but an emanation from the great 
 heart of God. 
 
 "They include all morality and all religion and are adorned with the most 
 beautiful imagery. The salt of the sea, the light of the body, the fowls of the 
 air, the lilies of the valley, the straight gate and the narrow way, thorns and 
 thistles, fruits and flowers, the hairs of the head and the rocks of the mountains, 
 all combine to add beauty and sublimity to the deep lessons they convey and are 
 like dewdrops glistening on the foliage of the Tree of Life. All the parables, 
 too, of the Savior are poems — poems from which have sprung some of the master 
 pieces of the schools. Dante's vision, Spenser's 'Fairy Queen' and Bunyan's 
 'Pilgrim' are but echoes that have reverberated 'down the corridor of time' from 
 the beautiful way droppings of the meek and lowly Jesus * * *. 
 
 "In conclusion, let us each and all resolve to study God's great poem with 
 renewed diligence — to familiarize ourselves with the great events of its history 
 — practice the beautiful teachings of its philosophy — and learn to realize the al- 
 most ineffable splendor of its gorgeous imagery. Let us remember that all the 
 lamps of worldly wisdom, concentrated in one focal blaze, cannot light our path 
 so securely as the rays that shine out from the pages of this most wonderful 
 book. It stands a mighty light-house on the shores of Time, flashing its beams 
 far out over the dark ocean of eternity, setting 
 
 The clouds on fire with redness, 
 Leaving on the level water 
 One long track and trail of splendor, 
 Down whose streams as down a river 
 
 the ransomed spirit will glide until, disappearing far in the purple distance, it will 
 be lifted high into the land of the hereafter." 
 
238 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 "THE DAY." 
 
 YOU boasted the Day, and you toasted the Day, 
 And now the Day has come. 
 Blasphemer, braggart and coward all, 
 Little you reck the numbing ball, 
 The blasting shell, or the "white arm's" fall, 
 As they speed poor humans home. 
 
 You spied for the Day, you lied for the Day, 
 
 And woke the Day's red spleen. 
 Monster, who asked God's aid divine, 
 Then strewed His seas with the ghastly mine ; 
 Not all the waters of the Rhine 
 
 Can wash thy foul hands clean. 
 
 You dreamed for the Day, you schemed for the Day ; 
 
 Watch how the Day will go ; 
 Slayer of age and youth and prime, 
 (Defenseless slain for never a crime,) 
 Thou art steeped in blood as a hog in slime, 
 
 False friend and cowardly foe. 
 
 You have sown for the Day, you have grown for the Day, 
 
 Yours is the harvest red ; 
 Can you hear the groans and the awful cries? 
 Can you see the heap of slain that lies, 
 And sightless turned to the flame-split skies 
 
 The glassy eyes of the dead ? 
 
 You have wronged for the Day, you have longed for the Day 
 
 That lit the awful flame ; 
 'Tis nothing to you that hill and plain 
 Yield sheaves of dead men amid the grain ; 
 That widows mourn for their loved ones slain, 
 
 And mothers curse thy name. 
 
 But after the Day there's a price to pay 
 
 For the sleepers under the sod, 
 And He you have mocked for many a day — 
 Listen and hear what He has to say : 
 "Vengeance is mine ; I will repay." 
 
 What can you say to God? 
 
 — Written by Henry Chappell, Bath, England. 
 Bryan Mawr, Pa., September 3, 1914. 
 
 GENIUS AND LABOR. 
 
 ENIUS may be the flyer, but labor is the freight that brings the most goods 
 • to town. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 239 
 
 WHY WILL THE BIBLE NEVER GROW OLD? 
 
 WHY will the Bible never grow old? Because it is the Word of God, says 
 the minister. It can never be outgrown, says the secular scholar, be- 
 cause it is a record of life in its relation to universal laws. It gives advice on 
 every subject, from how to obtain salvation for the soul to how to avoid 
 humiliation at a feast — and human nature changes but slowly, if at all. In 
 addition to its many spiritual messages, it is the greatest repository of worldly 
 wisdom. Its writings were not "dashed off" — it is a book that was 1,500 years 
 in writing, and it covers the most remarkable periods in the world's history. 
 
 TALENT OF SUCCESS. 
 
 THE talent of success is nothing more than doing what you can do well, 
 and doing well whatever you do — without a thought of fame. — Long- 
 fellow. 
 
 KEEP OUT. 
 
 NO ONE can ask honestly or hopefully to be delivered from temptation 
 unless he has himself honestly and firmly determined to do the best he 
 can to keep out of it. — Ruskin. 
 
 A SOUND QUARTET. 
 
 IF YOU wish success in life, make perseverance your bosom friend, experi- 
 ence your wise counselor, caution your elder brother, and hope your 
 guardian genius. — Addison. 
 
 TRAINING FIRST. 
 
 OD trains his people for the duties he has in store for them, and when 
 they are prepared for the service they are called to do it. 
 
 GETTING THE BETTER OF SATAN. 
 
 ifpHAT'S right," said the Methodist minister. "I formerly wrote all of my 
 A sermons, but by the time I got ready to deliver them Satan was in the 
 pews and robbed the sermon of its lesson. Now I speak without preparation, 
 and the 'devil himself don't know what I am going to say.' " 
 
240 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 A GREAT ENTERPRISE. 
 
 THE seeing eye, the listening ear, the truthful tongue, the faithful heart, 
 the helping hand. Try it out and see how mankind will profit by your 
 enterprise. 
 
 A POSER. 
 
 A CUSTOM for years in the Bank of England was to "prove" a young man 
 applying for a position in the great institution. After he had satisfac- 
 torily answered all questions as to ability, sobriety, experience, morality, etc., 
 he was ushered into the presence of the governor, who, after looking him over, 
 said: "Young man, how do you spend your Sabbath?" His fate hung upon 
 his answer. Lesson : Young man, go and do thou likewise. 
 
 CHARIOTS ON THE HILL TOPS. 
 
 WHOEVER SEES nothing but increasing wickedness and coming ruin is 
 missing the view point of life. Like the prophet's servant of old, he fails 
 to see the chariots on the hill tops. 
 
 But the truer life draws nigher 
 And the morning stars climb higher 
 
 Every year; 
 Earth's hold on us grows slighter, 
 
 Every year; 
 And the heavy burdens lighter, 
 And the dawn immortal brighter 
 Every year. 
 
 THEIR WORKS DO FOLLOW THEM. 
 
 FIREWORKS are brilliant and beautiful, but in a moment they fade into 
 darkness. Tomorrow they will be the same as though they had not 
 been. The men who leave most of good behind them are the greatest. 
 
 TRIALS. 
 
 'RIALS are tests of character to prove whether we are fitted to receive 
 larger duties and wider influence. 
 A true and noble act has a far-reaching influence. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 241 
 
 SLIGHTLY MIXED. 
 
 FROM love to matrimony may be but a step from the sublime to the ridicu- 
 lous, still it may be safely ventured upon, even in a case like the follow- 
 ing of domestic perplexities: 
 
 "I got acquainted with a young widow, who lived in the same house with 
 her step-daughter. I married the widow; my father fell, shortly after, in love 
 with the step-daughter of my wife and married her. My wife became the 
 mother-in-law and also the daughter-in-law of my own father ; my wife's step- 
 daughter is my step-mother, and I am the step-father of my mother-in-law. 
 My step-mother, who is the step-daughter of my wife, has a boy ; he is natur- 
 ally my step-brother, because he is the son of my father and step-mother ; but 
 because he is a son of my wife's step-daughter, so is my wife the grandmother 
 of the little boy, and I am the grandfather of my step-brother. My wife has 
 also a boy ; my step-mother is consequently the step-sister of my boy, and is 
 also his grandmother, because he is the child of her step-son ; my father is the 
 brother-in-law of my son, because he has got his step-sister for a wife. I am 
 the brother of my own son, who is the son of my step-mother; I am the 
 brother-in-law of my own son, my son is the grandson of my father, and I am my 
 own grandfather." 
 
 "M 
 
 TIMELY RESOLUTION. 
 
 ARCHING close by the band " is a timely resolution. 
 
 IF IT BE A GOOD HOPE. 
 
 F YOU cannot give a good reason for the hope that is within you, you 
 should examine to see if it be a good hope. 
 
 AN EASY TASK. 
 
 I 
 
 T IS far easier to destroy than to build up. It requires strong men to erect 
 the house ; any idle tramp or fool can burn it down or destroy it. 
 
 SUFFERING. 
 
 UFFERING touches the heart and brings out all that is best in human 
 nature. 
 
2/(2 
 
 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 CURIOUS MEDLEY. 
 
 'HIS curious medley includes the popular songs of 50 years ago: 
 
 By the lake where dropped the 
 willow, 
 
 Row, vassal, row! 
 I want to be an angel 
 
 And jump Jim Crow. 
 
 An old crow sat on a hickory limb, 
 None named him but to praise; 
 
 Let me kiss him for his mother, 
 For he smells of Schweitzer kase. 
 
 The minstrel to the war has gone, 
 With the banjo on his knee; 
 
 He woke to hear the sentries shriek 
 There's a light in the window for 
 thee. 
 
 A frog he would a-wooing go, 
 His hair was curled to kill ; 
 
 He used to wear an old gray coat, 
 And the sword of Bunker Hill. 
 
 Oft in the stilly night, 
 Make way for liberty ! he cried, 
 
 I won't go home till morning, 
 With Peggy by my side. 
 
 I am dying, Egypt, dying, 
 
 Susannah don't you cry ; 
 Know how sublime a thing it is 
 
 To brush away the blue-tailed fly. 
 
 The boy stood on the burning deck, 
 With his baggage checked to 
 Troy. 
 
 One of the few immortal names, 
 His name was Pat Molloy. 
 
 Mary had a little lamb, 
 
 He could a tale unfold, 
 He had no teeth to eat a corn cake, 
 
 And his spectacles were of gold. 
 
 Lay on, lay on, Macduff, 
 
 Man wants but little here below, 
 And I'm to be Queen of the May, 
 
 So kiss me quick and go ! 
 
 DISCONTENT DANGEROUS. 
 
 DISCONTENTED men may be easily converted into dangerous men. At- 
 tributing their unhappy condition, real or supposed, to the doings of 
 others, they are filled with resentment and are ready to take revenge. 
 
 OUR BEST FRIENDS. 
 
 ^v UR best friends are those who bring out the best that is in us. 
 
 AN EARLY SUPERSTITION. 
 
 EARLY locomotive engineers would not run in the rain on the theory that 
 the track was slippery and the engine might run off the track. Some 
 people run best when "off the track." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 243 
 
 RESPONSE TO THE TOAST "WOMAN." 
 
 HON. JUDGE THOMAS EWING, of the Common Pleas Court, Edward 
 A. Montooth, District Attorney, and William Witherow, of the Hotel 
 Duquesne, formed the first trio to "sit with me by the fire." They asked for a 
 repetition of my maiden effort at after-dinner speaking, when I responded to 
 the toast "Woman," at the Press Club dinner, and received their hearty ap- 
 plause and approbation. Here it is with a few slight changes to suit the 
 occasion. 
 
 "A gentleman chosen to reply to this charming sentiment, because of his 
 fitness to do it justice, said, 'If one could imagine any condition in which the 
 ladies (woman, if you please), need praise and plaudit, he would be glad to 
 supplement that which others could so well say.' But he pleaded he was too 
 old for sentiment and asked that his gray hairs be spared. 
 
 "I agree with this eminent gentleman that woman needs not the praise oe 
 plaudits of men. But I will not plead a want of sentiment, and I may be par- 
 doned for digressing here just a little. I consider myself doubly honored to- 
 night by the presence of the ladies who seldom attend the banquets where the 
 lords of creation say so many charming things about them, and I have wished 
 often for such an occasion as this, because it seems to me that when the ban- 
 quet table is graced by the presence of the ladies, as witnessed here tonight, 
 we have a reflection of the delightful scene pictured by Longfellow, when he says : 
 
 " 'And the night shall be filled with music, 
 
 And the cares that infest the day 
 Shall fold their tents like the Arabs, 
 
 And as silently steal away.' 
 
 "And I am doubly delighted that Pocahontas interfered with her father, 
 Powhattan, and saved the life of my illustrious ancestor, that I might have 
 the distinguished honor of responding to this sublime toast, in the very pres- 
 ence of the ladies. 
 
 "For you know, ladies, that it has been the custom of the gentlemen to 
 enjoy the feast of reason and flow of soul over the banquet board, with the 
 ladies at home or at a banquet of their own. Usually the gentlemen come from 
 the sanctum sanctorum, while the women are at home at spankem spanktorum. 
 
 "But as I stand here to respond to this toast, and gaze into the faces of 
 my eloquent colleagues who, upon previous occasions, have paid the most 
 eloquent tributes to woman, I confess to a feeling that 'the shallows murmur 
 while the deeps are dumb.' 
 
 "Victor Hugo says: 'You gaze at a star for two motives, because it is 
 luminous and because it is impenetrable. You have by your side a sweeter 
 radiance and greater mystery, woman.' . Hugo no doubt gave utterance thus 
 because woman is uplifted in his word painting of love. 
 
 "Hear him : 'Love is a portion of the soul itself, and is of the same 
 nature as it. Like it, it is the divine spark ; like it, it is uncorruptible, indivis- 
 ible and imperishable. It is a point of fire within which nothing can limit and 
 nothing extinguish. We feel it burning, even in the marrow of our bones, and 
 see it flashing in the depths of the heavens.' 
 
244 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 "Following the thought of Hugo that woman is a sweeter radiance than 
 the stars, I have no trouble in reaching the conclusion that he had in his mind 
 her equally boundless sphere. Someone has said : 
 
 " 'They talk about a woman's sphere 
 As though it had a limit; 
 There's not a place in earth or Heaven, 
 There's not a task by mankind given, 
 There's not a blessing or a woe, 
 There's not a whisper, yes or no, 
 There's not a life, or death, or birth, 
 That has a feather's weight of worth 
 Without a woman in it.' 
 
 "Radiant as are the stars, woman is a sweeter radiance, because the name 
 thrills our very souls with ecstacies of pleasure, for it instantly connects our 
 thoughts with those endearing words, 'mother,' 'sister,' 'wife,' 'daughter,' the 
 brightest stars that glimmer and glow and shine, the most precious treasures 
 earth possesses. 
 
 "However boundless the sphere of a luminous star, it fails to surpass the 
 depths of love — the inestimable wealth of a mother's love, or the tender af- 
 fection of a fond sister. What will you compare to the happy picture in your 
 old home, where mother and sisters were its sunshine? How gladly you 
 recall the play hours with sisters. 
 
 " 'Ah, yes ! There's a charm for me yet in the old log barn, 
 
 So tottering old and gray, 
 Where wildly we loved long years ago 
 
 To romp in the new made hay ; 
 For the merry old times that we sported then, 
 
 The songs we sung in our play, 
 Have an image and echo within our hearts 
 
 That never shall fade away.' 
 
 "The love of a dear mother, or a pure wife or sister, is the greatest and 
 best blessing this side of Heaven, and when the laughing eyes of an innocent 
 daughter greet yours, and you clasp her dimpled hand, you are overwhelmed 
 by a feeling that in this loving, trustful creature there is a casket containing 
 jewels of love of more value than the rarest gems of earth. 
 
 "Radiant as are the stars, woman is still a sweeter radiance, for besides the 
 brightness of life by their presence, they make our homes an Eden of pleas- 
 ure. Where they are, joyous sounds abound, and time itself softly, sweetly 
 glides away, as the stars fade in the morning sunlight. 
 
 "The late Mr. Beecher said : 'A mother can kiss an offense into everlast- 
 ing forgetfulness,' and methinks he must have had in his mind Hugo's beauti- 
 ful picture of love to which I have already alluded. 
 
 "Mother, sister, wife, daughter make love and good cheer constant guests 
 at our tables, and in our homes, and daily bread of this character fattens both 
 body and soul. Can you imagine more radiant beams from the luminous 
 stars? Can you fancy a sweeter radiance? 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 245 
 
 "The love, the tears, the prayers of devoted mothers give to the world 
 pure minded boys and men, and whole constellations of stars could not shed a 
 sweeter radiance. 
 
 "Women write their names in kindness, love and mercy on the hearts of 
 thousands they come in contact with year by year. They will never be for- 
 gotten. Their names, their deeds, will be as legible in the hearts they leave 
 behind as the stars on the brow of evening. Yea, their good deeds will shine 
 as the luminous stars of Heaven. 
 
 "The woman who can soothe the aching heart, smooth the wrinkled brow, 
 alleviate the anguish of the mind and pour the balm of consolation on the 
 wounded breast, proves in an eminent degree true loveliness of character, not 
 the polished brow, the gaudy dress, nor the show and parade of fashionable 
 life. These are outward marks of beauty, but are not loveliness of character. 
 It is in the heart where meekness, truth, affection and humility are found, 
 where men look for loveliness ; nor do they look in vain. 
 
 " 'The sweetest lives are those to duty wed, 
 Whose deeds, both great and small, 
 Are close-knit strands of one unbroken thread, 
 
 Where love ennobles all. 
 The world may sound no trumpets, ring no bells, 
 The Book of Life the shining record tells.' 
 "Their lives are as pure as snow fields, where their footsteps leave a 
 mark, but not a stain. 
 
 "But I must not pass unnoticed Hugo's allusion to woman as a great 
 mystery. 
 
 "A mystery, indeed, to the small boy, whose mother did not kiss his 
 offense into the everlasting forgetfulness described by Mr. Beecher. His 
 offenses were everlasting and needed more heroic treatment — some more 
 powerful influence to waft them into the realm of forgetfulness — the rod, for 
 instance. Now, Tommy noticed that the instrument of punishment was al- 
 ways hung beside the motto, 'God is Love,' and here was the particular 
 mystery in which his mother was shrouded. He asked her why the rod was 
 hung there. 'Can you suggest a better place, Tommy?' 'Yes,' said the lad, 'I 
 think it would be better to hang it by the motto, "I need thee every hour." ' 
 
 "A mystery to the kindly, benevolent old gentleman, on the trolley car, 
 who, noticing a demure little woman on the seat with eight or nine olive 
 plants, pleasantly saluted her with the remark, 'Are they all yours, or is it a 
 picnic ?' She quickly replied, 'All mine, and no picnic, either.' 
 
 "A mystery to Brown, who suddenly discovered his wife was not a 
 Sphynx. His little boy has been annoying him a great deal since the opening 
 of this Presidential campaign as to what is meant by a 'doubtful State.' At 
 length Brown said, 'Matrimony, my son, matrimony, is a "doubtful state;" 
 isn't it, Mrs. Brown?' With a withering look, she replied, 'To me it has never 
 been a state at all. It has always been a terror-tory.' 
 
 "A most profound mystery to Mr. John Jones, of Philadelphia. He was 
 doing the position of host at a brilliant reception in his palatial home. One of 
 the guests, a versatile young man, had performed on the piano, organ, flute, 
 dulcimer, tambourine, banjo, guitar, harp, bagpipes, and all manner of 
 
246 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 musical instruments, old and new, and finally said, 'Have you an old lyre?' 
 The good man replied, 'Yes,' stepped into another room and in a moment or 
 so reappeared with his mother-in-law. 
 
 "Now, some of the gentlemen present may be more devoted to their 
 mother-in-law and take exception to this alleged mystery. If you do, I only 
 point you to the rare devotion of the South Sea Islander's son-in-law, who re- 
 ceived the bride from the mother-in-law, and then displayed his affection for her 
 by roasting and eating the aforesaid mother-in-law. 
 
 "I have but a single sentiment in conclusion and it seems to me it most 
 emphatically demonstrates that Hugo was right in his beautiful imagery, 
 'Woman is a sweeter radiance and a greater mystery than the stars.' Here 
 it is: 
 
 " 'Great statesmen conquer nations ; 
 
 Kings rule a people's fate, 
 But an unseen hand of velvet 
 
 These giants regulate. 
 The iron arm of fortune 
 
 With woman's hand is purled, 
 For the hand that rocks the cradle 
 
 Is the hand that rules the world.' " 
 
 A PRETTY GOOD SORT OF WORLD. 
 
 THIS world's a pretty good sort of world, 
 Taking it altogether. 
 In spite of the grief and sorrow we meet, 
 
 In spite of the gloomy weather. 
 There are friends to love and hopes to cheer, 
 
 And plenty of compensation 
 For every ache for those who make 
 The best of the situation. 
 
 And if there's a spot where the sun shines not 
 
 There's always a lamp to light it, 
 And if there's a wrong we know ere long 
 
 That Heaven above will right it. 
 
 So it's not for us to make a fuss 
 
 Because of life's sad mischances, 
 Nor to wear ourselves out to bring about 
 
 A change in our circumstances. 
 For this world's a pretty good sort of world, 
 
 And He to whom we are debtor 
 Appoints our place, and supplies the grace 
 
 To help us make it better. — Tid Bits. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 247 
 
 MISSIONS FOR 108 YEARS. 
 
 AMERICAN Foreign Missions were 108 years old when the world's war 
 started, and while the work has been somewhat checked by the clash of 
 arms, here is how missions stood on July 28, 1914 : 
 
 1806. 
 
 One hundred and eight years ago, July 28, 1814, the first step was taken 
 toward establishing the foreign missionary movement. On this day five stu- 
 dents of Williams College gathered in a grove near the college to hold an open 
 air meeting. The day was hot and oppressive. In the midst of the meeting a 
 lightning bolt flashed across the sky, announcing the approach of a thunder- 
 storm. Hurriedly collecting their belongings, the students sought shelter 
 beneath a neighboring haystack. Here they continued their discussions while 
 the storm raged. Shouting to make himself understood above the thunder, 
 the young leader, Samuel J. Mills, proposed that they organize "to spread the 
 gospel among the heathen." That was the first step. Two years later Mills 
 organized the "Society of Brethren," requiring each of the five members 
 thereof to solemnly dedicate his life as a missionary. Public opinion being 
 against missions, the organization was kept secret and its constitution was 
 drawn up in cipher. Six years had passed since the historic "Haystack meet- 
 ing," whose location is now marked with a monument, before the first five 
 missionaries, four of whom were accompanied by their wives, sailed from 
 Philadelphia for India upon the first American evangelistic campaign to for- 
 eign lands. 
 
 1914. 
 
 More than 8,000 missionaries of both sexes from the United States, and 
 38,000 native converts acting as missionaries are teaching the Christian faith 
 throughout the world. They have converted 1,500,000 men, women and chil- 
 dren in all lands, and are bringing 75,000 more into the fold every year. Over 
 1,300,000 are learning the ways of Christianity in the 30,000 colleges, theolog- 
 ical seminaries, training and Sunday Schools that have been established by 
 American missionaries. The modern missionary is not only a spiritual ad- 
 viser, but undertakes to cure physical ills as well. In the 600 hospitals and 
 free dispensaries established in foreign lands, it is estimated that 3,000,000,000 
 treatments have been given by the 400 male and female doctors making up 
 the foreign missionary medical staff. In times of famine they distribute huge 
 sums of money. The expenses of this vast campaign are enormous; but no 
 country is as liberal as the United States. Last year the American people con- 
 tributed nearly $17,000,000 to promote the work, while all nations are spend- 
 ing about $38,000,000 to support 24,000 Christians and 112,000 native mission- 
 aries who have gathered over 6,000,000 adherents in the faith. 
 
 I 
 
 STICK TO THE RIGHT. 
 
 F YOU wish to avoid unnumbered woes stick absolutely to what you know 
 to be right. 
 
248 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 MECCA— THE SHRINE OF MOHAMMED. 
 
 MECCA (called the Mother of Cities), is one of the oldest towns of 
 Arabia, is the capital of a province, and the central and most holy city 
 of all Islam, through being the birthplace of Mohammed.. 
 
 It lies 265 miles south of Medina, and 65 miles east of Jiddah, the well- 
 known port on the Red Sea, in a narrow, barren valley, surrounded by bare 
 hills and sandy plains, and watered by a brook with an unpronounceable name. 
 
 The streets are broad and rather regular, but unpaved; are excessively 
 dirty in summer and muddy in the rainy season. The houses, three or four 
 stories high, are built of brick or stone, and are ornamented with paintings. 
 The windows open on the streets. The rooms are much more handsomely 
 furnished and are altogether in a better state than is usual in the east, because 
 the inhabitants rent them to the 100,000 Pilgrims who annually visit Mecca 
 and the House of God, or Chief Mosque, containing the Kaaba, or Temple, 
 This Mosque will hold 35,000 people, and is surounded by 19 gates, beautifully 
 ornamented with marble, granite, porphyry and sandstone pillars. A great 
 number of people are connected with the Mosque in some kind of ecclesias- 
 tical capacity. 
 
 No other public building of any importance is to be found in the city, and 
 there are no trees or verdure of any kind. At present it is dependent upon 
 the Sultan and is governed by a Sherif. The population is not over 40,000, 
 compared with 100,000 formerly, and the fact that only 100,000 Pilgrims now 
 appear annually, decreasing the income of the money changers, has drawn 
 thousands to other parts of the country, in search of more prosperity. In 
 former years vast sums of money were left at Mecca by the visiting hordes of 
 Pilgrims, but the great caravans have now been reduced to small companies 
 in comparison, and the population has been scared off. 
 
 There is no trade or commerce save the manufacture and sale of chaplets 
 to the pious Pilgrims. The people are lively, polished and frivolous, converse 
 in three or four languages, and are largely what we would now call "Fakirs or 
 Street Arabs." 
 
 So much for the city. What use does the Mohammedan have for it? 
 
 Every Mohammedan, male or female, whose means and health permit, is 
 bound, once in a life-time, to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, otherwise, accord- 
 ing to Mohammedan belief, he or she might as well "die a Jew or Christian." 
 Mohammed tried to abolish the ancient custom, but was compelled finally to 
 confirm it, and in doing so destroyed the huge idols surrounding the city, 
 thereby accomplishing at least one reform. 
 
 The twelfth month of the Mohammedan year is the time for the solem- 
 nities, but the Pilgrims start on their journey one or two months before, 
 according to the distance to be traveled. 
 
 They first assemble at variously appointed places near Mecca, in the 
 beginning of the holy month, and the males don the sacred habit, which con- 
 sists of two woolen wrappers, one around the middle, the other over the 
 shoulders ; their heads remain bare, and their slippers must cover neither the 
 heel nor the instep. They must have regard to the sanctity of the territory 
 they tread while in this dress — even the lives of animals encountered are to be 
 held sacred from attack. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 249 
 
 Arrived at Mecca, the Pilgrims proceed at once to the Temple, and begin 
 the holy rites there, by walking first quickly and then slowly seven times 
 around the Kaaba, or Temple, starting from the corner where the black stone 
 is fixed. This is followed by walking and running between two mountains, 
 where a duet of great idols formerly stood. 
 
 On the 9th day of the rites the Pilgrims stand in prayer on the mountain 
 of Arafat, near Mecca, from morning until sunset. The whole of the succeed- 
 ing night is spent in holy devotion at Mogdaliaf, between Arafat and Mina 
 mountains. 
 
 The next morning at daybreak they visit the sacred monument with 
 Mohammedan name (a place where the prophet stood so long in prayer that 
 his face began to shine) and then they proceed to the valley of Mirra, where 
 they throw seven or 70 stones at three pillars for the purpose, according to 
 their belief, of putting the "devil to flight." The pilgrimage is completed the 
 same day and in the same place by a great sacrifice of animals. 
 
 The sacrifice concluded, they shave their heads and cut their nails, bury- 
 ing the latter on the same spot. They then gather up sacred souvenirs, such 
 as dust from the prophet's tomb, water from the well Zem Zem, and the 
 return home of the caravans is watched everywhere with the most intense 
 anxiety, and is celebrated with great pomp, and rejoicing. Each Pilgrim is 
 allowed the prefix of Hajji to his name, and while the sick and invalid may be 
 represented at Mecca by a substitute, they cannot enjoy the merits and re- 
 wards belonging to the name Hajji. 
 
 May it not be that as the "commercial" side of Mecca is dwindling the 
 annual Pilgrimages will sooner or later be entirely abandoned ? 
 
 M 
 
 THINK BEFORE SPEAKING. 
 
 EN are born with two eyes and with but one tongue in order that they 
 may see twice as much as they say. — Cotton. 
 
 o 
 
 DR. JEKYLL AND MR. HYDE. 
 
 NE can't run with the foxes and bark with the hounds. 
 
 FLOWERS AND WEEDS. 
 
 IFE is full of flowers and weeds, but there are more flowers than weeds. 
 Envy and jealousy see only the weeds ; love sees only the flowers. 
 
250 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE OTHER WISE MAN. 
 
 R 
 
 EAD over the wonderful words by Henry Van Dyke until you can tell 
 the story in your own words briefly. It will point its own moral. 
 
 They said, "The Master is coming 
 
 To honor the town today, 
 And none can tell at whose house or home 
 
 The Master will choose to stay." 
 And I thought, while my heart beat wildly, 
 
 What if He should come to mine? 
 How would I strive to entertain 
 
 And honor the guest divine! 
 
 And straight I turned to toiling 
 
 To make my home more neat; 
 I swept, and polished, and garnished, 
 
 And decked it with blossoms sweet; 
 I was troubled for fear the Master 
 
 Might come ere my task was done, 
 And I hasted and worked the faster 
 
 And watched the hurrying sun. 
 
 But right in the midst of my duties 
 
 A woman came to my door; 
 She had come to tell me her sorrows, 
 
 And my comfort and aid to implore. 
 And I said, "I cannot listen, 
 
 Nor help you any today ; 
 I have greater things to attend to," 
 
 And the pleader turned away. 
 
 But soon there came another — 
 
 A cripple, thin, pale and gray — 
 And said, "O let me stop and rest 
 
 Awhile in your home, I pray ! 
 I have traveled far since morning, 
 
 I am hungry and faint and weak; 
 My heart is full of misery, 
 
 And comfort and help I seek." 
 And I said, "I am grieved and sorry, 
 
 But I cannot help you today; 
 I look for a great and noble guest," 
 
 And the cripple went away. 
 And the day wore on swiftly, 
 
 And my task was nearly done, 
 And a prayer was in my heart 
 
 That the Master to me might come. 
 And I thought I would spring to meet Him, 
 
 And serve Him with utmost care, 
 When a little child stood by me 
 
 With a face so sweet and fair — 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 231 
 
 Sweet, but with marks of teardrops, 
 
 And his clothes were tattered and old; 
 A finger was bruised and bleeding, 
 
 And his little bare feet were cold. 
 
 And I said, "I am sorry for you; 
 
 You are sorely in need of care, 
 But I cannot stop to give it, 
 
 You must hasten otherwhere." 
 And at the words a shadow 
 
 Swept o'er his blue-veined brow; 
 "Someone will feed and clothe you, dear, 
 
 But I am too busy now." 
 
 At last the day was ended, 
 
 And my toil was over and done; 
 My house was swept and garnished, 
 
 And I watched in the dark alone; 
 Watched, but no footfall sounded, 
 
 No one paused at my gate, 
 No one entered my cottage door. 
 
 I could only pray and wait. 
 
 I waited till night had deepened, 
 
 And the Master had not come. 
 "He has entered some other door," I cried, 
 
 "And gladdened some other home!" 
 My labor had been for nothing, 
 
 And I bowed my head and wept; 
 My heart was sore with longing, 
 
 Yet in spite of it all I slept. 
 
 Then the Master stood before me, 
 And His face was grave and fair: 
 "Three times today I came to your door 
 
 And craved your pity and care; 
 Three times you sent me onward, 
 
 Unhelped and uncomforted, 
 And the blessing you might have had was lost, 
 
 And your chance to serve has fled." 
 
 "O Lord, dear Lord, forgive me! 
 
 How could I know it was Thee?" 
 My very soul was shamed and bowed 
 
 In the depth of humility. 
 And he said, "The sin is pardoned, 
 
 But the blessing is lost to thee; 
 For in comforting not the least of mine, 
 
 Ye have failed to comfort me." 
 
252 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE DESTRUCTION OF NATIVE BIRDS. 
 
 MORE than 30 years ago, prior to the organization of societies for the protec- 
 tion of birds, Mrs. Percy F. Smith gave the following talk before the 
 Chautauqua Circle, of Ingram, on the "Destruction of Native Birds" : 
 I hear from many a little throat 
 
 A warble interrupted long; 
 I hear the robin's flute-like note, 
 The bluebird's slenderer song. 
 
 Here build, and dread no harsher sound, 
 To scare you from the sheltering tree, 
 Than winds that stir the branches round, 
 And murmur of the bee. 
 
 — Bryant. 
 All life has its enemies, and. the bird is no exception. But as it is not of 
 birds in general that we are going to speak, but only of those who cheer us 
 with their songs and delight us with their beauty and who help us in the destruc- 
 tion of our enemies, we will confine ourselves to their destroyers, and unfor- 
 tunately they are legion. 
 
 First, are: The birds of prey, such as the screech owl gliding through the 
 trees, then the smaller animals, prowling among the branches. These menace 
 on every side the little creature whose only refuge, as it crouches on a slender 
 twig, is the young leaves which screen him. 
 
 Again : The reptile, to man the most repulsive of all created things. How 
 well I remember when strolling through the woods one bright day and a com- 
 panion killed a snake, how distressed we were to find that his last meal had been 
 a nest of young birds, and our only satisfaction was in the fact that he would 
 never again enjoy another such dainty morsel. 
 
 And, again : The storm as it spares nothing that opposes its onward march, 
 throwing down even the homes of men, leaves not unmolested the tree whose 
 branch is the home of many a dainty warbler. 
 
 Carefully all the Spring we watched the industrious little pair at work on 
 the nest; saw the first white egg and again watched the patient mother as she 
 waited for her brood. And how delighted we were when, one morning, we saw 
 three upturned heads in place of the three white eggs. But, alas! ere night, 
 came a mighty wind, the home was overturned, three wee dead bodies were 
 scattered on the ground and we felt a sense of loss as if some trouble had come 
 to us along with that to the mourners on the tree. 
 
 But every day has not a storm, and the other enemies disappear on the 
 approach of man and our tiny friend should be safe. But how strange it seems 
 to write that the last enemy is worse than all the others, and it is against him 
 we are now called to protest. Yes ! Against man, whose friend and co-laborer 
 the bird is. The miserly agriculturalist, who grudges him a grain, unmindful 
 of the fact that during the winter rains, he hunted up the future insect; sought 
 out the larvae and destroyed, daily, myriads of future caterpillars, and that he 
 also helps combat the grasshopper. Thinking only of the present, he wages 
 war against the insect-destroying birds until the insect arises and avenges their 
 death. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 253 
 
 To illustrate. In the island of Bourbon a price was set on each martin's 
 head. They disappeared and then the grasshoppers took possession of the island 
 and the martin had to be recalled. Let our western farmers take a hint. 
 
 What if the little pilferers do take the largest cherry on the tree or select the 
 reddest side of the apple; perhaps there would not have been either cherry or 
 apple had it not been for his care in the past. And as in our homes we are 
 willing to spend money and time on that which only serves to please the eye, 
 surely we could give something to support so much beauty and good cheer. For 
 it does seem as if nature would be incomplete without the bird music, and I 
 do know that I have derived more pleasure during these bright days from the 
 song of one of these little visitors who comes daily, although his song consists 
 of only two or three notes, which imagination turns into "sweet-birdie," than 
 I have from the piano in the parlor. 
 
 Of those who kill for sport I can say but little. The subject is so far 
 beyond comprehension. Those who, unable to create and unmindful of benefits 
 received, destroy innocent life. It can only be a remnant of the former ages 
 of barbarism (when to witness pain was pleasure) that has not yet been elimi- 
 nated from human nature by the progress of civilization. 
 
 But, says one, will you object to rifle practice? Must not the child grow 
 skillful in killing that at last he may accomplish the surpassing feat of killing 
 the bird on the wing? 
 
 No! We do not object to rifle practice, but we do object to making life the 
 subject of it, both for the sake of the bird and the child. As one writer says, 
 "Delicate Mother! You who would shudder to see your boy with a knife or 
 who would not permit him to tear the wings of a fly in your presence, do not 
 give him a gun to kill at a distance." It is only another form of gratifying the 
 latent cruelty in almost every nature, and too late you will learn the evil of hav- 
 ing helped to form a hard heart. 
 
 But where shall we find a remedy against all this destruction? "Pass law," 
 suggests one. Very good ; but do you know that it is not the passing of laws, 
 but the enforcement of them, that is effectual, and that laws can only be enforced 
 by the people. And the only way in which the people can be made to enforce 
 the law is by educating them to see the necessity for the law. Let us send, 
 brothers Granger, Gardener and Fruitgrower, literature on the subject which 
 will teach them the difference between things that benefit and things that destroy. 
 Agitate until every instructor of youth in the land is interested and the boys 
 can be taught the evil of destroying, and that cruelty to the least of God's crea- 
 tures in the boy will develop into all that is evil in the man. 
 
 But you may fear that the process will be so slow that the birds will be 
 destroyed meanwhile. But begin at once, enforce such laws as we have and 
 each one protect to the best of his ability and there will be enough left with 
 which to begin anew. 
 
 But there is one other danger which threatens our "native birds," which 
 has not been mentioned. When this paper was assigned, it was suggested to 
 the writer to "give it to the sparrows." Well! Let the sparrows have "It" 
 with a big capital, whatever "It" may be. Those sparrows; they stay around 
 our houses, dirty our porches, fill the waterway from our roofs with litter and 
 wake us with the "peep o'day" by their noisy manner of arranging their family 
 
254 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 affairs, instead of a burst of tuneful melody. In fact, we are so prejudiced 
 against them that it has hardly seemed worth the time to hunt for a word in 
 their favor, although they have their place in the economy of nature. In 
 Holland, for instance, the sparrow alone can wage war successfully against 
 the cockchafers (dorbeetle or Maybug) and myriad winged foes, which reign 
 in the low lying lands, and without him, the country would perish. 
 
 And only the other day, I saw one of those enemies of the housewife, the 
 winged moth, caught by a watchful spaTrow, in the very act of entering the 
 door. So we may find a place for him yet. But the laws for his protection must 
 be repealed or modified, and his unparalleled increase stayed or we will soon be 
 without any small bird but the sparrow. For by their quarrelsome natures and 
 the strength of union which they possess by their habit of living in colonies, 
 they are rapidly driving all our home birds from the woods and fields. Some 
 may say, is it not all the same? We still have birds. No, it is not all the same. 
 For if only from an aesthetic point of view, we cannot change the beautiful 
 plumage, the dainty form and sweet notes of our native birds for his plain 
 corpulent body and scolding chatter. Could he be driven from the country, 
 where his voice is certainly not in harmony with nature, to the city, where he 
 is perfectly at home, and mingles well with the city's discordant sounds, we 
 might gain something, for he is such a gourmand, that he makes an excellent 
 scavenger, and then he is the only bird which seems to enjoy city life. But, like 
 the negro in the South, he was brought here and the problem of what to do 
 with him will have to be solved by wiser heads than mine. Perhaps if the laws 
 protecting him were changed and the fact made known that some epicures con- 
 sider him excellent eating, quite equal to the celebrated reed bird, it might help 
 diminish his numbers and add to his usefulness. 
 
 But all we can do is to call attention to the evil and the necessary means 
 for his repression will be found by some one. 
 
 In this paper, we do not wish to be understood as speaking against all bird 
 killing. There is a wide difference between killing for use under proper re- 
 stricting laws and destroying. That which is done to obtain food, or even the 
 pretty wing for a lady's hat, may have furnished the means of living to some 
 one. What we want to do is to stop the wholesale, ignorant, and brutal destruc- 
 tion, and thereby obtain the highest use; for we have not yet arrived at that 
 state where we can live without inflicting death on other forms of life (there 
 are possibilities in the future, but we speak of things as they are) and the 
 winged kingdom may as well be used to furnish us food and covering as the 
 animals which we domesticate for the purpose. 
 
 Although we feel that if our ladies could be made to understand the enor- 
 mous number of birds killed (amounting to hundreds of thousands yearly) to 
 furnish them with feathered ornaments, they would from motives of humanity 
 rise as one person to protest against a fashion which causes so much of cruelty, 
 and their protest would be heard in the most effective way, for it would stop 
 the demand. And here we will quote from a recent article by Mr. E. P. Bick- 
 nell: "So long as the demand continues the supply will come." Law of itself 
 can be of little, perhaps of no ultimate avail. It may give check; but this tide 
 of destruction it is powerless to stay. The demand will be met; the offenders 
 the disapprobation of fashion, and it is our women who hold this great power. 
 Let our women say the word, and hundreds of thousands of bird lives every 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 255 
 
 year will be preserved. And, until woman does use her influence it is vain 
 to hope that this nameless sacrifice will cease until it has worked out its own 
 end, and the birds are gone. 
 
 In a paper of this length, much must be left unsaid and much hurried over 
 that might be made more full. But we are glad, to help in any way which we 
 can, the progress of this movement for the protection of our birds. For while 
 a bird in a cage excites more than any other a feeling of pity, in their natural 
 state I love them. Their gladness, their perfect enjoyment of the freedom of 
 the moment, without regard to dangers surrounding, and their happy and ener- 
 getic fulfillment of their little cares. Yes ! Let them sing and flit in the sunshine 
 or in more sober moments, when burdened with family cares, let them have a 
 share of our fruit and grain undisturbed, for with so many hungry mouths 
 crying to be filled, is it not nature to take what is nearest, and birdie will see that 
 all is repaid with interest, for our defense has not been by any means a mere 
 matter of sentiment. 
 
 WORKS BOTH WAYS. 
 
 T 
 
 HE troubles which mellow and sweeten a big heart harden and may sour 
 a little one. 
 
 CANNOT TRAVEL TOGETHER. 
 
 Q LA VERY and freedom cannot travel together along the same road. 
 
 ECONOMY. 
 
 1 CONOMY is the parent of integrity, of liberty and of ease. Without 
 t economy none can be rich, and with it few can be poor. — Dr. Johnson. 
 
 AN ENLIGHTENED GENERATION. 
 
 1 HE express train of the world's progress has swept into a more enlight- 
 ened generation, vanishing in smoke and dust beyond the hills. 
 
 PEACE. 
 
 )EACE is such a precious jewel that I would rather give anything for it 
 but truth. — Matthew Henry. 
 
256 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 A MOTHER'S WISDOM. 
 
 TO MY DEAR SON :— The world estimates men by their success in life, and 
 by general consent, permanent success is an evidence of superiority. 
 It will be safe for you to observe the following rules, which your affection- 
 ate mother prays God will strengthen you to do : 
 
 i. Base all your actions upon a principle of justice — preserve your in- 
 tegrity of character, and in doing it, never reckon the cost. 
 
 2. Never, under any circumstances, assume a responsibility you can avoid 
 consistenly with your duty to yourself, and other depending on you. Or, in 
 other, words, "mind your own business." 
 
 3. Remember that self-interest is more likely to warp our judgment than 
 all other circumstances combined; therefore look well to your duty, when your 
 interest is concerned. 
 
 4. Never attempt to make money at the expense of your reputation, or dis- 
 honor will be the consequence. 
 
 5. Be neither lavish nor miserly; of the two avoid the latter. A mean 
 man is universally despised, therefore generous feelings should be cultivated. 
 
 6. Avoid gambling of all kind as a great evil — billiards, especially, because 
 the most fascinating, therefore the most dangerous, the victim being enthralled 
 before he is aware. 
 
 7. Always let your expenses be such as to leave a balance in your pocket. 
 Ready money is always a friend in need. 
 
 8. Avoid borrowing and lending as far as possible. 
 
 9. Liquor drinking, smoking cigars, and chewing tobacco are terrible 
 habits to a young man; they impair the mind and pocket, and lead to a waste*. 
 They tend to lower a man, never elevate and lift him up in the regard of the 
 virtuous and good. 
 
 10. Be not in the habit of relating your misfortunes to others, and never 
 mourn over what you cannot prevent. 
 
 11. Let all see your good breeding, by showing due respect to age. Have 
 dignity and reverence enough of character never to trifle with serious things — 
 respect religion in others — seek it as a treasure invaluable — let it be the founda- 
 tion on which to build your structure, the possession of which will insure hap- 
 piness here, and an enduring inheritance hereafter. 
 
 T 
 
 NEVER SEPARATED. 
 
 HE useful and the beautiful are never separated. 
 
 SPEAK OUT. 
 
 )EOPLE who think funny things without expressing them are unconscious 
 enemies of the human race. 
 
Wit anb Ibumor 
 
"Honest good humor is the oil and wine of a merry meeting." . 
 
 — Washington Irving. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 259 
 
 HONEST GOOD HUMOR. 
 
 HONEST good humor is the oil and wine of a merry meeting, and there is 
 no jovial companionship equal to that where the jokes are rather small 
 and the laughter abundant. — Washington Irving. 
 
 Some of the stories told by the author of this volume at banquets, pub- 
 lic dinners and in general addresses, almost all of which are from memory's 
 tablets are given herewith. 
 
 BUSY BEES AND ACTIVE PIGS. 
 
 BILKINS, in asking his friend to spend the week-end at his farm in "Pun- 
 kin Center," promised he should see "the busy bees making beeswax 
 and the little pigs making pig iron." 
 
 IDENTIFICATION COMPLETE. 
 
 LOWENSTEIN'S twins are the favorites of the neighborhood, and Lowen- 
 stein is constantly sounding their praises. He says: "They look so 
 much alike that I can hardly tell them apart by themselves. But Ikey have 
 teeth and Jakey have none, and when I put my finger in Jakey's mouth and he 
 bites me, I just know right avay quick that it is Ikey." 
 
 PIGS IS PIGS. 
 
 A GERMAN farmer had a couple of pigs for sale, one rather small — although 
 old — and the larger one younger. Wishing to explain to the would-be 
 purchaser the difference in value, he said : "The littlest pig is the piggest," 
 when his wife sought to clarify matters by remarking, "My husband, he not 
 speak English as good vot I can ; he means de youngest pig is de oldest." 
 
 ONCE TOO OFTEN. 
 
 IN THE West End live the families of the Mulcaheys and Muldoons. Mul- 
 doons owned a black cat ; Mulcaheys had a sweet little baby. Here's what 
 happened, and it is best told by Mrs. Flaherty, whose subdued tone in relat- 
 ing the circumstances of a tragedy was the charm of the neighborhood. 
 
 Mrs. Flaherty — "Did yez hear of the terrible tragedy what happened at 
 Mulcaheys? Muldoon's old cat crawled into the cradle where the sweet little 
 baby was asleep, sucked the child's breath and the little baby is dead." 
 
 Just then Mrs. O'Connor relieved the situation somewhat by announcing 
 "And did yez hear what happened last night? Well, Muldoon came home 
 loaded to the muzzle, fell asleep on the flure, and their old cat came and 
 sucked his breath, and now the 'cat's dead.' " 
 
26o MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 ONLY THIS AND NOTHING MORE. 
 
 SHE was looking out of the window of a seventh story apartment, when 
 she saw a peddler, with a bag on his back. "Say, Mr. Peddler, won't you 
 come right up here?" and up went the perambulating merchant, much elated 
 over the prospect of sales. 
 
 Arriving at the seventh floor, the woman pointed to her little boy with 
 "Say, Mr. Peddler, if Ikey is not a good boy, won't you put him in your bag?" 
 
 THOUGHT IT WAS A MULE. 
 
 AN IRISH onlooker at a baseball game was suddenly sent headlong over 
 the field by a foul ball which struck him just above the eye. "Foul !" 
 yelled the umpire. 
 
 "Phat !" said Pat. "I thought it was a mule." 
 
 A SOMNAMBULIST. 
 
 JONES left the church while the sermon was being preached. He is a som- 
 nambulist. 
 
 FORGING AHEAD, EH? 
 
 oung fello 
 he's been forging a hand. 
 
 ((IS THAT bright young fellow I met with you still forging ahead?" "No; 
 
 "W 
 
 WHAT DID HE MEAN? 
 
 HO was that gentleman I saw you talking with on Ellsworth avenue 
 yesterday afternoon?" 
 Boy — "He's no gentleman ; he is our school principal." 
 
 TRACING LOST FREIGHT. 
 
 BY a mistake a little Pike's Peak burro, shipped to a Pittsburgh boy by his 
 father, who was traveling in Colorado, was put off at a way station on 
 the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. The loss was reported and 
 tracers sent all along the line. Meanwhile the station agent in question was terribly 
 perplexed in trying to adjust his way bills, and finally notified the auditor 
 that he was "one bureau ahead and one jackass short." The missing link was 
 supplied. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 261 
 
 HIGH PRICE OF LIVING. 
 
 A FAMOUS Pittsburgh after-dinner talker, at a banquet in McKeesport, 
 and who was none other than the Rev. Dr. Thos. N. Boyle, noticed the 
 "poverty of the bill of fare" — on account of the high price of living, and when 
 called on to speak, said: "Dr. Johnson says a man is at his best on a full 
 stomach ; but I hazard nothing in saying I believe there is not a lady or 
 gentleman at the table at his or her best." 
 
 T 
 
 A GREAT SURGICAL OPERATION. 
 
 HE greatest surgical operation ever known — "Lansing, Michigan." 
 
 D EAR TO HIS HEART. 
 
 AN IRISHMAN, hod carrier for 30 years, suddenly became endowed with 
 riches, and concluded to invest the entire sum in War Savings Stamps 
 and Liberty bonds — save $150 for a present for his wife, Biddy. She magnani- 
 mously announced the memorial must be for Mike, her hard working husband, 
 and at length he agreed. Mike was to select the present and after going over 
 wrist watches, bicycles, etc., he directed Biddy to procure for him "a mahog- 
 any hod." 
 
 DO IT WITH LEFT-OVERS. 
 
 A YOUNG Irish curate was preaching his first sermon and chose for his 
 text the miracle of the loaves and fishes. He was very nervous and 
 read it, "And they fed five people with five thousand loaves of bread and five 
 thousand fishes." 
 
 Thereat one of his rustic hearers murmured, loud enough to be heard : 
 
 "That's no miracle, begorra. I could do that myself." 
 
 The curate overheard him, and so on the following Sunday he announced 
 the same text, but had it right this time : 
 
 "And they fed five thousand people with five loaves of bread and a few 
 fishes." 
 
 He paused a second and then leaned over the pulpit and said: 
 
 "Could you do that, Mr. Murphy?" 
 
 Murphy replied : "Sure, yer rivirince, I could." 
 
 "And how could you do it?" asked the priest. 
 
 "Sure, yer rivirince, I could do it with what was left over from last 
 Sunday." 
 
262 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 SAFETY FIRST. 
 
 FIRST Negro (to officer) — "How much wah insurance kin I take out, suh?" 
 Officer— "Oh, $500, $1,000, $5,000." 
 
 First Negro — "Dat's far enough, boss ; just gib me $500." 
 
 Officer to Second Negro — "And how much insurance do you want?" 
 
 Second Negro — "What's de most I can git?" 
 
 Officer— "Ten thousand." 
 
 Second Negro — "Jes fix me up wit dat $10,000 quick." 
 
 First Negro to Second — "Looky heah, man; what you mean by gettin' 
 $10,000 worth ob insurance?" 
 
 Second Negro — "Dat's all right, 'cause when dat ordah comes to go over 
 de top, dey sure are goin' to be mighty careful of a $10,000 nigger." 
 
 ECONOMIZING, SURE. 
 
 (( A RE you economizing?" 
 
 'Yes. I have only one egg for breakfast ; and in order to save fuel I 
 now have that fried only on one side." — Washington Star. 
 
 THE LONG GREEN. 
 
 JINKS — "I hear your boy in college is opposed to the draft." 
 Jenks — "Well, he did say it would be handier if I sent him the cash." — 
 Judge. 
 
 CORRECTING THE RECORD. 
 
 A TRAVELING car conductor rang up all of his passengers until the 
 record showed 83 aboard. He then counted the passengers, and finding 
 84, cried out, "One of yez will have to get off." 
 
 A SAVING CLAUSE. 
 
 <<D OBERT, if you eat any more of those preserves I'll give you a 
 ■TV whipping." 
 "You wouldn't whip a sick boy, would you, ma?" 
 "Of course not." 
 "Then I'll eat enough to make me sick." — Boston Transcript. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 263 
 
 COMPETITION NIT. 
 
 THE idea of a union ticket office for all the railroads in the city may be all 
 right from the standpoint of reducing expenses. It has been found from 
 the point of view of the public that it does not work out satisfactorily. In 
 seeking information the agents are so darn neutral that they are afraid to tell 
 you anything for fear of favoring one road over another. A story is told of an 
 agent in a union ticket office in a large city that when anyone asked him the 
 fare to a certain point, he would reply : "Well, you have to go anyway, so what 
 do you care what the fare is." 
 
 BUSINESS BEFORE PLEASURE. 
 
 <<r^\0 YOU mean to say that your daughter hasn't told you she was en- 
 \-J gaged to me ?" 
 "Yes. I told her not to bother me with those affairs unless she intended 
 to get married." — Boston Transcript. 
 
 MISS IONA BOND. 
 
 ««TY/E hke the beautiful brunette, 
 
 W We don't despise the winsome blonde, 
 But best of all the girls we've met 
 Is little Miss Iona Bond." 
 
 — Springfield News. 
 
 TAFT'S SIZE. 
 
 ttf^OLONEL ROOSEVELT," said a Washington man, looking up from 
 V^i his paper, "was surely one of the most bellicose presidents we ever 
 had." 
 
 "Colonel Roosevelt?" said his wife. "Surely you mean Mr. Taft, don't 
 you?"— Pathfinder. 
 
 BEYOND CONTROL. 
 
 MRS. WILLIS — "The papers say the government is going to control 
 everything." 
 Mr. Willis — Well, it's going to have an awful time with that Jones boy 
 next door." — Judge. 
 
264 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 FABLE OF THE FROGS. 
 
 THE mill on the pond was blown up one day, and the commotion in the 
 dam caused a prompt convention of the frogs. Three wise old frogs' 
 were appointed a committee to go to the surface, investigate and make report. 
 They did so and returned with this report: "We saw a dam by a mill site, 
 but we couldn't see a mill by a dam site." And the young frogs fell upon them 
 and slew them. Moral — Don't presume too much on the friendship, even of 
 friends. 
 
 HER PROXY. 
 
 ( ( TONES has got religion." 
 
 J Bilkins — "Well, if he has, it is in his wife's name, I'll betcha." 
 
 THE WAY OUT. 
 
 ASKED to define a lie, the small boy replied : "A lie is an abomination ; a 
 present help in trouble." 
 
 NONE BUT— HER. 
 
 BROWN has a lovely baby girl, 
 The stork left her with a flutter; 
 Brown names her "Oleomargarine," 
 
 For he hadn't any but her. — Pathfinder. 
 
 s 
 
 FOR CLASS IN ARITHMETIC. 
 
 PEAKING of war farming, if three feet make a yard, how many will make 
 a garden? 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 WIENERS are to be sold by the yard instead of the pound. A doggone 
 good suggestion. 
 
 A SUBSTITUTE. 
 
 (( JOHN, John, baby has swallowed my latch key." 
 
 I Absent-minded Father — "Never mind, dear; use mine.' 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 265 
 
 A READY ANSWER. 
 
 THE Irish gardener had been helping himself generously to the choicest 
 fruit in the orchard and the owner wished to be certain as to his con- 
 clusions. So very early one morning the master was encountered near the 
 luscious fruit tree, and the confused gardener said : "Master, why are you out 
 so early ?" 
 
 Master — "Patrick, I am hunting an appetite for my breakfast. Now, an- 
 swer me, Why are you out so early?" 
 
 Patrick — "I'm hunting a breakfast for my appetite." 
 
 HIGH FINANCE. 
 
 K 
 
 IND Landlord — "I am going to raise your rent." 
 "Are you ? That's more than I can do." 
 
 "B 
 
 BUT THERE ARE GENTLEMEN PRESENT. 
 
 Y THE WAY," said the irrepressible story teller, in the presence of 
 
 Gen. U. S. Grant, "I see there are no ladies present." 
 "But there are gentlemen present." 
 And the story did not crystallize. "Go thou, and do likewise." 
 
 WAS IT WISE OR OTHERWISE? 
 
 MARY had asked her mother for the privilege of setting the next hen and 
 the task came to her within a few days. She rolled out nineteen big 
 eggs and three hours afterwards the mother found that industrious old hen 
 worn to a frazzle, vainly trying to cover the allotment. With a show of 
 temper the mother reproved Mary for her unkindness, and asked, "Now, what 
 made you do such a thing?" She replied, "I just wanted to see the old thing 
 spread herself." 
 
 A SAVING CLAUSE. 
 
 NEAR the old lock on the Pennsylvania canal, at Fourth avenue and Try 
 street, stood the popular hostelry of Barney Coyle. The parish priest, a 
 noted temperance advocate, one Sunday morning delivered a philippic against 
 the drink habit, and while agreeing with him, Coyle told the priest he could 
 see his finish in business. Next Sunday reference was had to the sermon and 
 its points emphasized, but added the speaker "But if ye will take yer nip, give 
 your fipenny bits to Barney Coyle." 
 
266 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 HOSEA GETS SEATED. 
 
 THE visiting preacher had occupied two hours discussing the Major 
 Prophets, and then tendered a mild apology as he was about to tackle 
 the string of Minor Prophets. "Now," said he, "where will I place Hosea?" 
 An old gentleman in the front row hammered with his cane on the floor and 
 shouted, "Place Hosea right here where he can hear you, for I'm going home." 
 
 STILL THE DANGER SIGNAL. 
 
 MURPHY'S life was made miserable until Tim, his boy, was provided with 
 a goat. But when the goat ate the good man's three red flannel shirts, 
 sentence of death was passed on said goat. Murphy tells the story of his de- 
 parture thus: He tied the goat to a rail on the Pan Handle Railroad a few 
 minutes before the Pacific express was due, and then hid behind a freight car, 
 as he did not wish to be an eye witness of the tragedy. The train bowled 
 along, but alarm after alarm was sounded for brakes and the Pacific express 
 came to a standstill. The goat had coughed up the red shirts and flagged the 
 train. 
 
 BREVITY SURE. 
 
 PEREMPTORILY ordered to cut down his voluminous and unnecessary 
 reports of wrecks on the division, and to get the road open for train 
 movement, Finnegan next day cleared off a chaotic wreck and then tele- 
 graphed the manager: 
 
 "Off again, on again, 
 Gone again, Finnegan." 
 
 THE DIFFERENCE. 
 
 M 
 
 ARK TWAIN said the only difference between Washington and himself 
 was Washington couldn't lie ; "I can, but I wont," said Mark. 
 
 A REASON FOR QUIET. 
 
 SMALL BOY (on tiptoe, to his companions) — "Sh — stop your noise, all of 
 you." 
 
 Companions — "Hello, Tommy! What is the matter?" 
 Small Boy — "We've got a new baby — it's very weak and tired — walked 
 all the way from Heaven last night — mustn't be kickin' up a row 'round here 
 now." 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 267 
 
 SPEAKING OF EGGS. 
 
 AT a Western town a traveler alighted for breakfast at a railway station. 
 The attentive young woman brought the boiled eggs, broke open one, 
 and courteously asked "Shall I open the other one?" "No," said the traveler, 
 almost gasping, "open the window." 
 
 A DROP IN OIL. 
 
 A JEW broker was standing on an oil tub at an auction held the other day 
 at Birmingham, England, when, in the excitement of "Going, going, 
 gone !" he stamped the staves loose and disappeared in the oil. 
 
 T 
 
 BATTLE OF BULL RUN. 
 
 WO American soldiers were speaking about the battle of Bull Run. One 
 
 of them was a Yankee, the other an Irishman. 
 "Pat," said the Yankee, "were you at the battle of Bull Run?" 
 "I was," said Pat. 
 "I'm sure you ran," said the Yank. 
 "I did," said Pat, "and the man that did not run is there yet." 
 
 SPECTACLES WE CAN NEVER FORGET. 
 
 «<OPECTACLES we can never forget," read an old lady among the war 
 O news. "I'd like to know where they sell them, as I am always mis- 
 laying mine." 
 
 T 
 
 ALWAYS MUSICAL. 
 
 O a mule's ear a mule's voice is always musical. 
 
 AN EASY ONE. 
 
 til WOT 
 
 1 "If 
 
 WOULD like to secure an audience with your wife." 
 
 you will consent to be the audience it ought to be easy enough. 
 
 NO HITCH. 
 
 /ithout a hitch?" 
 It did, indeed ; the man she was going to marry didn't show up.' 
 
 fiyv ID her wedding go off without a hitch? 
 
268 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 TOO VOCIFEROUS. 
 
 STORE CLERK — "Here's a material, madam, that speaks for itself." 
 Customer — "Oh, I don't want anything quite so loud as that." — Boston 
 Transcript. 
 
 WHY WAS HE LAUGHING ? 
 
 AND speaking of apparel, here's old Dix Merrit in the Nashville Banner, 
 telling of an old gentlemen with white hair, silver gray mustache and 
 Prince Albert coat sitting on the customs house steps laughing at the top of 
 his voice. Why was he laughing? Because — we imagine — someone had 
 stolen all his clothes but the Prince Albert. 
 
 DIFFERENT KIND OF DOG. 
 
 GRIGGS — "Lost money in that stock deal, did you? Say, let me give you a 
 pointer." 
 "No, you don't ! No more pointers for me. What I'm looking for now is 
 a retriever." — Boston Transcript. 
 
 A PHENOMENON. 
 
 GRAY-HAIRED baby has been born at Pine Creek, Ky. The only way 
 we can explain this phenomenon is that it arrived over the B. & O. 
 
 T 
 
 JOHNNY WISE. 
 
 EACHER — "Johnny may tell us from what family the skunk is de- 
 scended." 
 John — -"There ain't no such thing." 
 Teacher— "As what?" 
 John — "A de-scented skunk." 
 
 THEN WE WENT TO THE GAME. 
 
 ill ET'S see. Didn't your grandmother die once before this summer?" 
 
 M—i "Yes, sir. She — she come pretty near bein' buried alive that time." — 
 Life. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 269 
 
 LITTLE PITCHERS. 
 
 ttiy /I A, does pa help to clean the streets?" 
 
 1V1 "What a question ! Of course he doesn't." 
 "But I heard him telling Mr. Jaggs that he fell off the water wagon the 
 other night." — Baltimore American. 
 
 SOME LETTERS HE DROPPED. 
 
 HIRAM JONES had just returned from a personally conducted tour of 
 Europe. 
 "I suppose," commented a friend, "that when you were in England you 
 did as the English do, and dropped your h's?" 
 
 "No," moodily responded the returned traveler, "I didn't; I did as the 
 Americans do. I dropped my V's and X's." 
 
 Then he slowly meandered down to the bank to see if he couldn't get the 
 mortgage extended. — Lippincott's. 
 
 A DEFERRED REPROOF. 
 
 ««HPHE next time you spill your coffee on the tablecloth don't try to hide it 
 1 by setting the cup on it. I will notice it anyway when I clean up." 
 "Yes, but I'm in the office by that time." — Meggendorfer Blatter. 
 
 WHOM TO THANK. 
 
 (<T SUPPOSE you feel very thankful to Santa Claus for providing you with 
 1 such a fine turkey?" said the minister to Uncle 'Lijah's little boy. 
 "Naw, sah," replied the pickaninny. "Uncle tole dis chile ter be than'ful 
 ter Farmer Green fur leavin' his henhouse dore on de jar." 
 
 NAME YOUR GRUB. 
 
 Hi TAVE you any breakfast food?" he inquired in Christian Endeavor ac- 
 1~1 cents. "Well, I guess yes," responded Roaring Pete, the cowboy 
 waiter. "We got ham and eggs, fried sausage, chuck steak, spare ribs, mutton 
 chops, corned hash, hog and hominy, light bread, heavy bread, hot bread, cold 
 bread, corn bread, toast bread, apple butter, peach butter, bull butter, coffee, 
 tea, buttermilk and beer. Breakfast food? Well, that's our winner. Name your 
 grub." — Exchange. 
 

 270 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 NO KICK COMING. 
 
 ( ( f FEAR pa will put his foot down when you ask to marry me." 
 
 1 "I don't mind that, dear, as long as he doesn't put it up." — Boston 
 Globe. 
 
 A FRONT LINE SCHOOL. 
 
 A BOY in school who couldn't spell "spool" was kicked down stairs by the 
 principal, who told the boy's father he was initiating his son into the 
 mysteries of the solar system. He did it with the sole of his boot. There was 
 an additional complaint against this particular school. A pious lad ran a brad 
 awl into another lad about a yard, and when brought to account about it 
 called it awl-spice. That boy will never be a "school marm." 
 
 MUTT AND JEFF. 
 
 WHEN the Kaiser had decorated Mutt with an iron cross for bravery, Jeff 
 was next in line, of course. Just as he was about to decorate him, Jeff 
 inquired the value of the cross. "About 50 cents," said the Kaiser. "Well," 
 said Jeff, "if it makes no difference to you, I'll take the 50 cents." 
 
 G 
 
 THE CURE. 
 
 ^ ROWTH in knowledge is the only cure for self-conceit. 
 
 A PERPETUAL TORMENTOR. 
 
 NVY is the perpetual tormentor of virtue. 
 
 T 
 
 REAL HEROES. 
 
 HE best fighters wear the fewest feathers. 
 
 DIE AS A MAN. 
 
 O 
 
 NE may live as a conqueror, magistrate or king, but he must die as a 
 man. 
 
IPittsbutob Briefly Zoib 
 
'A chiel's among ye takin' notes and faith, he'll print them.' 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 273 
 
 PITTSBURGH BRIEFLY TOLD. 
 
 U A SETTLEMENT built here is bound to grow and flourish beyond the 
 /~V imagination of men." — George Washington. 
 In 181 1 Pittsburgh contained 767 houses and had a population of 4,000. 
 Now it is the seat of the greatest industries of the United States; has a popu- 
 lation of over 1,000,000 that lives within its environing towns, of which there 
 are three chartered cities and 67 boroughs. The surrounding territory, of 
 which Pittsburgh is the commercial and financial capital, embraces a popula- 
 tion approximating 10,000,000. 
 
 PITTSBURGH IN HARPER'S WEEKLY. 
 
 ALONG about 50 years ago C. Stanley Rinehart, a talented young Pitts- 
 burgh artist, furnished a double page engraving for Harper's Weekly, 
 New York, giving a general view of the city, and some special views taken in 
 our iron, glass and steel works. In the center of the engraving was a general 
 view of the city, taken from "Monument" or Seminary Hill. Above was a 
 view of the levee, while at either side were views of steel and glass works. On 
 the lower part was a view of the Pan Handle Railroad and the Monongahela 
 suspension bridges, while at either sides were views illustrating the manner of 
 puddling iron, and the working of the steam hammer. In the lower right hand 
 corner was a view of a "coal flotilla on the Ohio river." This view, to our 
 mind, is the best of all, and will be of decided benefit in enlightening the 
 solons at Washington on the importance of a free and unobstructed river for 
 coal transportaion. It is an excellent illustration, and conveys a correct idea 
 of the tows which our powerful tug boats take down to the lower market. It also 
 gives a correct idea of the unwieldy character of the tow, the large floating 
 space required, and the danger which must ensue if artificial obstructions like 
 the Newport bridge are placed in the river. The views in the glass works and 
 iron mills are also good, but in the general view the city is enveloped in such a 
 dense cloud of smoke that the houses cannot be seen, and the extent of the city 
 left entirely to the imagination. The levee view does not give a correct idea of 
 the hundreds of boats moored there nor of the bustle and activity always ap- 
 parent. Accompanying the engraving is a brief sketch of Pittsburgh, which 
 we give below: 
 
 "On the 28th day of May, 1754, a company of Americans, commanded by 
 a Virginian only 22 years old, fired, in the wilderness of the Allegheny Moun- 
 tains, upon a party of French soldiers, killing their captain and wounding 
 several of his men. It is safe to say that the echo of this volley will rever- 
 berate through history as long as time will last ; for the young Virginian who 
 there received his 'baptism of fire' was George Washington. The fight was the 
 first act of war in that bloody struggle known as the Old French War, and the 
 immediate object of the contest was the possession of the key of the Missis- 
 sippi Valley, where now stands the Iron City. 
 
274 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 "The present aspect of the spot brought in so memorable a manner within 
 the area of civilization may be learned from the double-page picture of Pitts- 
 burgh which we present to our readers with this issue. 
 
 "Though born in the throes of a mighty struggle, nowhere else on this 
 continent have such splendid triumphs of peace, industry and commerce been 
 achieved, as the following facts will show: 
 
 "Pittsburgh is really a complex of municipalities, embracing two cities 
 and eleven boroughs. The Monongahela river sweeps from the south through 
 the most densely populated district, forming, with the Allegheny flowing from 
 the northeast, the beautiful Ohio. Pittsburgh proper lies between the two 
 former rivers. On the south side are situated the boroughs of Ormsby, East 
 Birmingham, West Pittsburgh, Allentown, Birmingham, Monongahela and 
 Temperanceville. On the north bank of the Allegheny are the City of 
 Allegheny and the boroughs of Etna and Sharpsburg. The total area 
 covered may be estimated at about 25 square miles. Fine bridges cross 
 the rivers and the aggregate population, according to the census recently 
 completed, amounts to very nearly 200,000, while the entire county of 
 Allegheny, which should properly be included in an estimate of the pop- 
 ulation of Pittsburgh, would give a total population of over 263,000. The 
 city is not, to one visiting it for the first time, a very attractive looking place. 
 The dense volumes of black smoke pouring from the hundreds of furnaces, the 
 copious showers of soot, the constant rumbling of ponderous machinery, the 
 clatter of wagons laden with iron, are experiences that are not calculated to 
 make a favorable impression at first. In a very brief time, however, the visitor 
 learns that the black canopy is the 'pillar of cloud' to Pittsburghers, assuring 
 them that the vast industries are still prospering. He learns, too, that the 
 rugged-looking hills bounding the horizon are full of riches in the shape of 
 bituminous coal. The mass of the inhabitants, if they do labor and toil, are 
 educated, even refined, ever alive to the beautiful as well as to the useful. 
 They are clever, sociable and generous. The public buildings, churchs, halls, 
 etc., compare favorably with any in the land, in spite of the awful smoke. 
 
 "Iron, steel, glass, coal and petroleum are the leading interests of this 
 wonderful hive of industry. Here are 42 iron mills, consuming nearly 400,000 
 tons of metal annually, employing 15,000 hands, who receive over $10,000,000 
 of wages per annum. One-fourth of all the pig metal made in the United 
 States is consumed in Pittsburgh. The iron, sent to every part of the conti- 
 nent, is acknowledged of superior quality. 
 
 "For a number of years only the lower grades of steel were made here; 
 but now the finest qualities are produced and for edge tools the competent 
 judges of the New England manufactories declare it to be equal to the best 
 English steel. There are seven large steel works, producing nearly 30,000 
 tons of steel annually, sent to 24 States. 
 
 "One-half of the glass made in the Union is produced at Pittsburgh, whose 
 60 glass manufactories employ 5,000 hands, receiving over $3,000,000 of wages 
 a year. The export tables show that 29 States, besides several Territories, and 
 Canada, received their glass from this point. 
 
 "The coal trade is one of the principal sources of the wealth of the Smoky 
 City. Over 200 collieries are now in operation, which shipped nearly 100,- 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 27s 
 
 000,000 bushels. And the coke business is making tremendous strides, rang- 
 ing its customers from Boston to Omaha. These two interests represent a 
 business of more than $15,000,000 per annum. There are 60 petroleum refiner- 
 ies located at Pittsburgh, with a capacity of 36,000 barrels per day. 
 
 "It would lead us too far to notice the rest of the 1,500 manufacturing 
 establishments, embracing locomotive and copper works, gun foundries, 
 chemical works, cotton mills, car and carriage works, plow factories, planing 
 mills, etc. Suffice it to say, that all these, if placed side by side, would form a 
 line of over 50 miles long. 
 
 "The free navigation of the Ohio river, affording cheap water communi- 
 cation with 19 States of the Union, embracing over 1,000,000 square miles, and 
 measuring over 12,000 miles upon 30 different rivers, is of the greatest ini7 
 portance to the city. The tonnage of Pittsburgh, composed of steamers, 
 barges and boats, exceeds that of New York ; and the trade of the Ohio river, 
 estimated by the government engineers at $800,000,000, equals the entire for- 
 eign commerce of the United States. 
 
 "Pittsburgh, in conclusion, is not only working up the mineral treasures 
 of its native soil, but draws supplies of ores, chemicals, etc., from all parts of 
 the country from Lake Superior to Arkansas and Louisiana ; nay, it is no exagger- 
 ation to say that nearly the whole world is laid under contribution to keep her 
 immense and multifarious industries constantly supplied with the necessary 
 material." 
 
 THE WORKSHOP OF THE WORLD. 
 
 APPENDED are excerpts from Percy F. Smith's "Glimpse of Pittsburgh," 
 edition of 1918 : 
 Joining of the coal fields of the Monongahela valley and the ore fields of 
 Superior are the factors of an industrial sovereignty that will challenge the 
 world to produce its equal. 
 
 "Clouds of smoke by day and pillars of fire by night." 
 
 "Fleeting monuments of Pittsburgh's greatness — the dark clouds of 
 smoke." 
 
 It has made more coke, more plate glass, more tin plate, more crucible 
 steel than all the rest of the United States combined. 
 
 Pittsburgh and West Virginia line will soon be continuous industrial line 
 of human activity, without a rival in the national domain. 
 
 The industry hum of the Pittsburgh district has become a roar which 
 cannot be drowned by the loudest wailing of calamity howlers. 
 
 A circle of 40 miles describes an area that for the extent, the variety and 
 the value of its industries has no counterpart in the habitable globe. 
 
 Largest tonnage of any city in the world. 
 
 The greatest wage earning center in the world. 
 
 Occupies first place in the world's production of 21 of the greatest 
 industries. 
 
276 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 A magnificent monument to the tireless energy of the people, mainly 
 Scotch-Irish. 
 
 Brain, brawn and capital are the component parts of a mighty machine of 
 irresistible power working toward an assured end. The race is not the spurt 
 of the desperate, but the courageous, long-continued struggle of the strong. 
 That's Pittsburgh. 
 
 At the top of this pyramid of the world's industries — iron, steel, tin plate, 
 iron and steel pipes, steel cars, air-brakes, electrical machinery, brass, coal and 
 coke, fire-brick, plate glass, window glass, tumblers, tableware, petroleum, 
 pickles, white lead and cork. 
 
 "The Unique City of the Republic." 
 
 "An inferno of overwhelming grandeur" is mild in comparison with Par- 
 ton's night vision of Pittsburgh's "hell with the lid off." 
 
 Began boat building in 1777. 
 
 In 1810 the population of Pittsburgh was 4,740. 
 
 In 1760 coal was dug from Mt. Washington Coal Hill. 
 
 In the Carnegie Museum are some of the rarest pre-historic specimens 
 that paleontologists of the world have discovered. 
 
 Produces enough steel rails to girdle the world. 
 
 Pedestrians pass over the Nile on bridges of steel from Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsburgh's loyal workmen in steel and iron "cash in" more than $200,- 
 000,000 wages annually. 
 
 Pittsburgh mills extend over 40 miles along her three rivers — the Alle- 
 gheny, Monongahela and Ohio. 
 
 Jones & Laughlin Steel Company is one of the greatest industrial organi- 
 zations in the world. 
 
 Pittsburgh illuminated the various World's Fairs. 
 
 George Washington, 21 years old, located Pittsburgh as the "Gate of the 
 West." 
 
 Was raised to the dignity of a city in 1816, at which time the county was 
 28 years old. In 1788 had a population of 500 people, which in 1810 had grown 
 to 4,768, and in i860 to almost 125,000. 
 
 Old Court House built in the time specified, for the agreed price, without 
 extras — completed by the architect's wife, dedicated on the one hundredth 
 anniversary of the county's organization. 
 
 The center of that contest between the greatest of the monarchies of 
 Europe, France and England, for the possession of this continent in the early 
 days of its history. The line of the French had its left at Quebec, its right at 
 New Orleans, but the center was Fort Duquesne, Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pittsburgh has been the scene of the evolution of the American glass 
 industry. General James O'Hara and Isaac Craig established the first plant in 
 1797. Concerning operating difficulties General O'Hara wrote in a memoran- 
 dum found after his death : "Today we made the first bottle at a cost of 
 $30,000." 
 
 First Presbyterian Church built in 1775. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 277 
 
 Had a cotton mill as early as 1805, and made glass first in 1807. 
 
 First Baptist Church erected west of the Alleghenies standing at Library. 
 
 First Business College in America, founded by Peter Duff — must be added 
 to the credit side of our greatness. 
 
 Manufactured paper in 1797. 
 
 Chamber of Commerce marks its thirty-eighth year. 
 
 Manufacture of iron and steel began after the close of the War of 1812. 
 
 The great Ferris Wheel — World's Fair wonder — was the invention of a 
 Pittsburgh engineer and erected by Pittsburgh capital. 
 
 In 1843 Pittsburghers began mining copper in the Lake Superior district, 
 and their two mills continue to ship to all parts of the country. 
 
 AS OTHERS SEE US. 
 
 THERE is only one Pittsburgh. — Age of Steel. 
 City of labor, where there is paid in wages $2,000,000 daily. 
 
 Pittsburgh is indeed a "Gigantic Crucible," in which are being formed cit- 
 izenship and manhood as well as material wealth. It is a place that does 
 things. 
 
 City of blazing furnaces, of busy factories, of miracle-working processes, 
 of mechanical genius, of splendid creative ambition, of great business organi- 
 zation. — Wall Street (N. Y.) Journal. 
 
 In Pittsburgh one comes into the actual physical presence of Machine 
 Power — that new Power, the creation of the nineteenth century, which has 
 already revolutionized the civilization of the world — Wall Street (N. Y.) 
 Journal. 
 
 From an industrial standpoint, the record of 12 months in Pittsburgh 
 and Western Pennsylvania, scarcely has an equal in the world's history of 
 commerce and industry. — Age of Steel. 
 
 Pittsburgh has made possible the extension of railroads, the development 
 of electricity, the transformation of cities, the growth of industries, the multi- 
 plication of the comforts of life. — Wall Street (N. Y.) Journal. 
 
 New York is a banking and shipping office; Chicago a grain elevator and 
 stock yard ; St. Louis a store, and Washington a law office. Pittsburgh is the 
 nation's forge and anvil, and the United States Steel Corporation its chief 
 blacksmith. — Wall Street (N. Y.) Journal. 
 
 Marvelously has Pittsburgh improved its natural advantages of position 
 and overcome every physical obstacle. It has made the most of every oppor- 
 tunity, developed a matchless system of railroad terminals and established 
 every facility of bank and corporation and association for the carrying on of a 
 business on which the well-being of 100,000,000 of people depends. — Wall Street 
 (N. Y.) Journal. 
 
278 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Through its gateway passes a large proportion of all the railroad traffic 
 of the United States.— Wall Street (N. Y.) Journal. 
 
 City of capital, devoted to the best use to which capital can be put, the 
 supply of a country's industrial needs. — Wall Street (N. Y.) Journal. 
 
 The spectacle of the Homestead works is undoubtedly one of the most 
 stupendous which can be seen in any country, for energy, system and organi- 
 zation. — Rt. Hon. John Morley. 
 
 It is timely that attention should be drawn to the greater side of Pitts- 
 burgh — the side that will maintain its fame as long as steam and electricity 
 rule the world. — Wall Street (N. Y.) Journal. 
 
 When we go back over a period of years, we find the growth of the Pitts- 
 burgh banks even more striking, as the strides made by that city in a banking 
 sense are unsurpassed by any other in the country. — Financier, New York. 
 
 A city of stupendous producing power, whose cloud of smoke is its huge 
 crown of industrial kingship. — Wall Street (N. Y.) Journal. 
 
 The American who has never visited Pittsburgh does not yet know his 
 own country ; he does not yet comprehend its stupendous power and wealth. — 
 Wall Street (N. Y.) Journal. 
 
 BANKS AND BANKERS. 
 
 HAS a remarkably commanding position in the banking world. 
 Bank surplus exceeded only by two other cities. Deposits per capita, 
 $786. 
 
 Bank clearings reached a total of over $4,000,000,000 during 1917 — increase, 
 $600,000,000 — a new high record. 
 
 Mellon National Bank holds more than one-fourth of the total deposits 
 of Pittsburgh's 21 National Banks. 
 
 Since the World's War began Pittsburgh banks have expanded at a re- 
 markable rate. In each particular they are larger and stronger than ever 
 before. Deposits total $761,000,000, an increase of $169,000,000 in a year. Re- 
 sources increased from $765,000,000 to $946,000,000 in a year. 
 
 1917 makes the highest record for bank deposits in Pittsburgh. 
 
 Banks are in a more prosperous condition than for many years and a 
 bright future is promised. 
 
 Columbia National Bank building occupies site of old Lafayette Hall, 
 where the Republican party had its birth February 22, 1856. 
 
 It is when the earning power of the banking institutions of a city are 
 and note the liberal subscriptions to the Liberty Loan funds. Took columns in 
 greater than that of the banks of any other city in the country. 
 
 Ahead of all the other cities of the country in earning power of its bank 
 interests. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 279 
 
 State banks and trust companies, with about $330,000,000 on August 31, 
 1917, largest ever recorded and show gain of $69,000,000 during the year. 
 
 Pittsburgh has contributed largely in swelling the nation's bank re- 
 sources, the total having increased from $603,062,645 in 1914 to $946,362,546 in 
 1917, a new high record. 
 
 The city's largest trust company has resources of $167,849,814 and depos- 
 its of $129,216,419. The largest national bank has resources of $145,417,025 
 and deposits of $127,802,079. 
 
 Union Trust Company: Surplus greater in proportion to capital than 
 that of any other trust company in the world. 
 
 Federal Reserve Bank is recognition on the part of the government of 
 Pittsburgh's rightful place in the industrial world. 
 
 Mellon Bank: Growth in deposits from $8,500,000 in 1902, to more than 
 $105,000,000 in 1917, and invested capital from $2,000,000 to $10,000,000. 
 
 The City of Banks, for in no other American city, in proportion to the 
 population, are the banking institutions so numerous, so influential and so 
 valuable a factor in the development and maintenance of local enterprises. 
 
 Call the roll of every national and state bank in the "State of Allegheny" 
 and note the liberal subscriptions to the Liberty Loan fund. Took columns in 
 the daily papers to tell the story — not sufficient room in this little compen- 
 dium to note responses in detail. It is not a captain's victory — there is glory 
 enough for all It's a victory for American people behind the guns. 
 
 Leads all the other large cities in proportion of bank capital and surplus 
 to gross receipts. 
 
 Dollar Savings Bank, incorporated 1855 : Deposits December 1, 1855, 
 $7,580.83; total assets, $7,627.28. Deposits June 1, 1917, $36,341,377.93; total 
 assets, $38,292,016.66. One of the most remarkable banking institutions in the 
 world. Bank does no advertising except that required by law. 
 
 RIVER COMMERCE. 
 
 THE largest inland harbor in the world. 
 Rivers upon whose bosom floats annually millions of wealth. 
 Record for a single day's shipment on the Ohio river, with navigable 
 stage of water, about 400,000 tons. 
 
 Davis Island Dam insures a harbor business from Lock No. 1, on the 
 Monongahela, to Herr's Island, on the Allegheny. 
 
 About 8,000 tons is allowed for an acre of thin vein coal. In each tow of 
 the River Coal Company is transported seven acres of coal. 
 
 Government Report: "A moving tonnage on the Monongahela, that ex- 
 ceeds the sum of all like river improvements in the United States." 
 
 The tonnage capacity of steamboats, tugs, boats and barges belonging in 
 Pittsburgh is greater than that of all the vessels registered at any seaport in 
 the United States. 
 
28o MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Make up a train of 1,120 of the largest steel hopper coal cars, holding 50 
 tons each, and you will have what one big towboat handles on a trip down our 
 rivers. 
 
 A river dam which is out of sight — when not wanted — and filling our har- 
 bor when desired — beating the rainmakers. Over said dam at low ebb there 
 flows 14,000,000 cubic feet of water per hour. 
 
 The Spanish Armada and Xerxes' fleets could not have held a tenth part 
 of such a vast amount of freight as our rivers held when this book was com- 
 piled — a million tons. Where else in the world could such a thing occur? 
 
 World famed Monongahela Valley for river and rail tonnage. 
 
 Monongahela river produces greater tonnage than any waterway in the 
 world. 
 
 Steamer will leave harbor with heavier cargo than that ever carried by 
 the Celtic or any other Leviathan of the deep. 
 
 Twenty-six engines, large and small, comprise the "innards" of a big 
 steamer of River Coal. The tow hitched in a string, in addition to the boat's 
 own length, would spread out for 10,000 feet — almost two miles. 
 
 Six great trunk line railroads center here. 
 
 Railroad freight yards the largest in the world. 
 
 From Jaffa to Jerusalem in sacred Palestine, our puffing locomotives roll. 
 
 Track tools are in use on every railroad in the world, with Pittsburgh 
 stamped thereon. 
 
 Switch and signal appliances, assuring safety to travelers, are made only 
 in Pittsburgh. 
 
 In the four quarters of the globe, railroads find profit and service in Pitts- 
 burgh locomotives. 
 
 Fourteen great railroad lines enter the city. 
 
 Our electrical products and railway safety appliances are known the 
 world over. 
 
 Our air-brakes check with absolute certainty trains in old Japan, as they 
 speed over rails from Pittsburgh. 
 
 Railroads controlling their trains by air-brakes as this is penned draw on 
 Pittsburgh for 80 per cent, of their needs. 
 
 The use of nut locks, made in Pittsburgh, hold together rails that insure 
 the safe transit of rapidly moving trains the world over. 
 
 Not that railroads have less facilities — but that they have more freight — 
 notwithstanding thousands of accessions of cars and locomotives. 
 
 Nearly 500 passenger trains in and out of Union Station daily — or a train 
 every three minutes during 24 hours — a marvelous moving picture show. 
 
 Monongahela Inclined Plane, Carson street, end of Smithfield street 
 bridge. Length, 640 feet; angle, 35 degrees; vertical height of 370 feet to 
 Grandview avenue. 
 
 Pittsburgh steel cars have increased carrying capacity, securing economy 
 to the shipper, and loving cup dividends to the stockholders of the transporta- 
 tion companies. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 281 
 
 One hundred and sixty-two through passenger trains on our railroads 
 bring thousands into our city daily. Genius is on these flyers, but "labor is the 
 freight that brings the most goods to town," and it takes nearly 700 passenger 
 trains to handle suburban traffic daily. 
 
 Transportation facilities, great as they are, inadequate to meet the 
 demand. 
 
 It will require a shrewd detective to discover a car or locomotive whose 
 steel springs are not made in Pittsburgh. 
 
 Passenger stations, models of convenience and monuments to the liberal- 
 ity of great railroads and their management. 
 
 Pittsburgh has been instrumental in creating the railroads — no other 
 country in the world is so closely associated with their success. 
 
 Freight shipments reach Chicago, St. Louis, Milwaukee, Philadelphia, 
 New York and Boston in three days. 
 
 Nearly all of the railways in the country use switches and signals made 
 here by the Union Switch & Signal Company — one of the Westinghouse 
 enterprises. 
 
 The eighth wonder— the P. & L. E. R. R. Built by Pittsburghers, paid 
 for in cash, paid a dividend from the beginning, and does not contain a gill of 
 watered stock. Pays phenomenal dividends. 
 
 Fact of one railroad company placing order for 15,000 freight car air- 
 brakes and 300 locomotive equipments in a single year furnishes an idea of 
 the volume of business of this great city in air-brakes alone. 
 
 A Pittsburgh man one day, dismounting from a train to look at an engine 
 on an Asiatic railroad, was shown what the engineer called the "Westing- 
 housen," a thing in which the engineer took unlimited pride. It was the 
 Westinghouse air-brake. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 More coal than underlies all England. 
 
 The quality of Pittsburgh coal cannot be equaled in America. 
 
 Fifty-two thousand tons of coke are produced daily — equal to 1,040 cars, 
 of 50 tons capacity. 
 
 No district in the world with the same area mines as much coal. 
 
 Cheapest and best fuel in the world guaranteed within 40 miles. 
 
 The center of 100,000 square miles of coal. Great Britain's supremacy is 
 based on 18,000 square miles. 
 
 Glass. 
 
 Produces four-fifths of all the glass lamps and chimneys used in the 
 United States. 
 
 Furnishes nine-tenths of the plate glass which adorns the stores and the 
 buildings in America. 
 
 Plate glass equals best European make, and has been reduced in price 
 more than 50 per cent, in 10 years. 
 
 Sheets of plate glass large enough to cover a whole railroad car — from 
 seven of the 10 factories in America. 
 
282 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, largest jobbers and manufacturers in 
 the world of mirrors, bent glass, leaded art glass, ornamental figured glass, 
 polished and rough plate glass, window glass, wire glass, plate glass for desks, 
 shelves and table tops, Carrara glass, more beautiful than white marble, and 
 distributors of builders' glass and sundries. 
 
 The Municipality. 
 
 Carnegie Library covers four and one-half acres. 
 
 Low death rate and generally good health. 
 
 Property valuation in Pittsburgh is $948,000,000. 
 
 Few cities have Pittsburgh's educational advantages. 
 
 Thousands of workmen own cozy homes in pleasant suburbs. 
 
 Perhaps you do not know Pittsburgh — except in a general way. 
 
 Pittsburgh proper has $800,000,000 worth of taxable real estate. 
 
 Many miles of sewers and water mains and paved streets have been added 
 during the year. 
 
 Highland reservoirs and parks, East End, are value at $1,200,000. 
 
 Engines lifting millions of gallons of water daily a height of 369 feet — ths 
 highest direct lift in the world. 
 
 The gateway of the West — supplying directly food, clothing, etc., for be- 
 tween 2,000,000 and 3,000,000 people. 
 
 One East End district requires street cars for 80,000 people, outbound, 
 daily, as against 105,000 on all other lines. 
 
 Proposes tunnels through South Hills and downtown subway and a boul- 
 evard along the bluff overlooking the Monongahela river. 
 
 West Park, North Side, is 740 feet, and Greentree Hill, North Side, is 
 1,369 feet above sea level ; Union Station is 743 feet above sea level. 
 
 Thirteen thousand people get on street cars, outbound, at the corner of 
 Fifth avenue and Smithfield street daily — as many as 2,000 an hour between 
 5 and 6 p. m. 
 
 Pure water is flowing, children's playgrounds multiplying, unsanitary 
 conditions in tenements and slums are being abolished, and the fight against 
 disease made more effective in Pittsburgh. 
 
 Park lands of a value of $23,000,000. 
 
 Annual revenue of the city about $16,000,000. 
 
 Special attention given to welfare work in factories. 
 
 Offers employment in practically all lines of industry. 
 
 Wonderful record of progress and achievement industrially. 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh is crowded with immense "skyscraper" buildings. 
 
 Nearly $35,000,000 of property changes is the record for 1917. 
 
 Pittsburgh Athletic Club's beautiful and costly building in Schenley 
 Farms group. 
 
 Erected monument to Mrs. Schenley, who donated to the city its park 
 bearing her name. 
 
 For work, for living and place to rear a family "way up front" among 
 American cities. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 283 
 
 Carnegie Tech Machinery Hall, in which young men are practically 
 trained for the industries and building. 
 
 Twenty-four large industrial towns and cities embraced in the Pittsburgh 
 district — in counties immediately adjoining Allegheny county. 
 
 Not a mere matter of wages any more in Pittsburgh — many of the biggest 
 concerns taking out life insurance policies for employes, besides bonuses and 
 profit sharing. 
 
 Between 4 and 5 p. m., rush hours, in business districts facilities are re- 
 quired on street cars for 55,000 outbound passengers, and the process is 
 reversed in the rush hours in the morning. 
 
 Has many miles of well kept boulevards. 
 
 Schenley High School, an educational palace. 
 
 Business and industrial districts closely concentrated. 
 
 Ten thousand five hundred pupils in city high schools. 
 
 Up to date in safety and sanitary measures for working people. 
 
 Approximately 1,500 acres of ground in Pittsburgh Public Parks. 
 
 Government Bureau of Mines building adjoining the Carnegie Tech 
 School. 
 
 Named for the most intelligent and most distinguished of all the English 
 statesmen. 
 
 Population of 1,225,000 within a 10-mile radius and 4,000,000 within a 40- 
 mile radius. 
 
 Forbes Field, named for General Forbes, scarcely equaled by any base- 
 ball grounds in the country. 
 
 Besides a splendid common high school system is the University of Pitts- 
 burgh and the Carnegie Tech. 
 
 Public health safeguarded as never before— citizens supporting heartily 
 every good move by department of health. 
 
 No need for the children of any Pittsburgh parent to go outside the 
 municipal limits to enjoy the highest educational advantages. 
 
 Gave to the world Stephen C. Foster and his melodies and city has estab- 
 lished memorial by purchase of old homestead, open at all times to the public 
 and visitors from abroad. 
 
 Has made free all toll bridges in city and county. 
 
 You think of steel whenever Pittsburgh is mentioned. 
 
 Largest Art Institute and Museum in the United States. 
 
 An army of 6,000 employes to look after the interests of the city. 
 
 One ward — the 19th — on the "hill top," with an assessed valuation of 
 $22,000,000. 
 
 One hundred and sixty-five thousand school children in city and county 
 public schools. 
 
 Homes spread to suburbs for miles in all directions with fast and conve- 
 nient car lines. 
 
 The second largest conservatory in the United States — Phipps Conserva- 
 tory at Schenley Park. 
 
284 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Sand water nitration plant cost over $6,000,000, unquestionably the most 
 successful ever constructed. 
 
 About 500 miles of paved streets, 13 parks, containing 1,194 acres, of 
 which 280 acres are in the Allegheny section. 
 
 Enjoying greatest prosperity in its history — greatest in the history of any 
 industrial community in America or the world. 
 
 New Chamber of Commerce building among most recent enterprises of 
 United States Senator George T. Oliver. Adds to metropolitan Pittsburgh. 
 
 The many points of interest in and about Pittsburgh, with which the pub- 
 lic is not acquainted, most of them reached by street cars after a short 
 journey. 
 
 Four hundred firms and 250,000 employes use the street cars daily. To 
 which must be added the floating population and sightseers, swelling the 
 army on the move to about 600,000 daily. 
 
 North Side and South Side have filtered water. 
 
 The world needs and uses the things that Pittsburgh produces 
 
 Old City Hall represents a value of $1,500,000. 
 
 One hundred and twenty-four elementary and 10 high school buildings in 
 the city. 
 
 Students in metallurgy in Carnegie Tech making steel by the electric fur- 
 nace process. 
 
 Pitt University — formerly Western University — ranking with best in 
 existence anywhere. 
 
 Greater Pittsburgh has an area of nearly 150 square miles, as against 44 
 square miles in old Pittsburgh. 
 
 Statistics show a large, steady increase in population, industrial products, 
 financial and commercial interests. 
 
 One hundred and seventy-five thousand people board outbound cars in 
 downtown district between 5 a. m. and 12 :30 a. m. 
 
 Evidence of prosperity and a greater civic pride have been given in the 
 material improvement in the city itself. Great buildings have reared their 
 walls skyward in the business section, and handsome homes have been erected 
 in the rapidly spreading residential districts. 
 
 Civic Attainments. 
 
 Pittsburgh will be more beautiful. 
 
 Riverview Park, on Perrysville avenue, Allegheny. 
 
 Has a well organized body known as the Civic Association. 
 
 Magnificent boulevards connect the old city with the East End parks. 
 
 The Sabbath is better observed than in other cities of equal size in 
 America. 
 
 Prominent in the social, economic, educational and political history of our 
 land. 
 
 More homes where peace, plenty and happiness abound than anywhere in 
 the world. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 285 
 
 Carnegie Art Gallery contains one of the finest collections of paintings in 
 America. 
 
 First in the van of modern industrial advancement and yet a charming 
 residence city. 
 
 Sunday baseball and Sunday theaters are not tolerated, and the saloons 
 enjoy a vacation. 
 
 Schenley Park, the gift of Mrs. Mary E. Schenley, is valued at many mil- 
 lions of dollars. 
 
 View on Grandview avenue, Mt. Washington, equal to a bird's-eye view 
 from a balloon 1,000 feet above the city. 
 
 A newsboys' home — the gift of Mrs. Schenley and our citizens. 
 
 Has not sacrificed its public improvements on the altars of industrial pre- 
 eminence. 
 
 Schenley Park contains 430 acres and is close to the business center of 
 the city. 
 
 Public improvements, parks, elegant homes, beautiful lawns — make it a 
 delightful "home city." 
 
 Gigantic and stately public buildings increasing at a rapid rate, likewise 
 business structures. 
 
 Highland Park contains 300 acres, and is the scene of two great artificial 
 lakes of water — 90,000,000 gallons each — the city's main water reservoirs. 
 
 The East End, almost wholly, and Sewickley Heights are the wealthy 
 residence portions of the city. Few localities boast of more luxurious and 
 palatial residences, and they represent millions of dollars. 
 
 Material progress, however, is not all of our splendid story. We have the 
 men, the patriotism, the schools, institutions, libraries, parks, homes, 
 churches and all the thousand and one other things that go to make an im- 
 perial city. 
 
 Central Young Women's Christian Association building, Chatham street, 
 six stories high, white pressed brick, with terra cotta trimmings, cost $425,000, 
 and is considered one of the finest of its character in the country, with swim- 
 ming pool, gymnasium, auditorium, kitchens, rest room, library, dining room, 
 parlors and offices. 
 
 Philanthropies of Andrew Carnegie in this city known the world over. 
 
 Penal and reformatory institutions unequaled in England or America. 
 
 East End — a profusion of stately shade trees, broad avenues and palatial 
 dwellings. 
 
 Has two of the most picturesque and handsomely laid out parks in the 
 United States. 
 
 From a Commercial Standpoint. 
 Hotels that cannot be surpassed, 
 A commercial mart without a rival. 
 Center of a great consuming territory. 
 A warehouse with 23 acres of floor space. 
 Wholesale trade covers everything from a "needle to an anchor." 
 
286 MEMORY '.S MILESTONES. 
 
 Has the greatest railway and river traffic of any city on the globe. 
 
 Every undertaking backed by brains, enterprise and unlimited capital. 
 
 In a single year in the Pittsburgh district alone $50,000,000 spent for 
 bread, crackers, biscuits, cakes, etc. Will increase to $100,000,000. 
 
 One-third of its vast capital invested in wholesaling and jobbing covering 
 every line of goods manufactured in the United States. 
 
 Union Arcade — Frick's latest monument — Fifth avenue and Grant street, 
 Oliver avenue and William Penn way — contains 238 stores and 817 offices — a 
 city in itself. 
 
 Great wholesaling and jobbing center. 
 
 The monarch of the commercial world. 
 
 The greatest wholesale market west of New York. 
 
 Originally the home of the big baking companies of America, one now 
 capitalized at $52,000,000 — earning 22 per cent. 
 
 Newspapers. 
 
 Pittsburgh ranks among the first cities in the world for its newspapers. 
 New methods, new facilities and thousands of dollars put into the plants and 
 news gathering agencies, have made Pittsburgh papers what they are today. 
 
 Sun — Afternoon, daily. Democratic. 
 
 Press — Afternoon and Sunday. Republican 
 
 Leader — Afternoon and Sunday. Independent. 
 
 Post — Morning, Daily and Sunday. Democratic. 
 
 Eight great daily newspaper for 1,000,000 people. 
 
 The most enterprising newspapers in America. 
 
 Chronicle Telegraph — Afternoon, daily. Republican. 
 
 Dispatch — Morning, daily and Sunday. Independent. 
 
 Gazette Times — Morning, daily and Sunday. Republican. 
 
 Volksblatt-Freiheits Freund — Morning, daily and Sunday. Republican. 
 
 Over 1,000,000 newspapers read daily. People appreciate good news- 
 papers. 
 
 In addition to the colossal industrial plants which have added to the 
 fame of Pittsburgh, it is rapidly assuming a high place as a seat of learning, 
 art, music and technical instruction. 
 
 Carnegie Institute, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie "Tech" School 
 approximate an investment of $25,000,000 ; and the "Tech" bids fair to surpass 
 any school of its character in the world. 
 
 England, France, Belgium, Japan, Russia and other great world powers 
 send their brightest young men here to see and learn Pittsburgh's methods of 
 manufacturing and doing business. 
 
 Pittsburgh citizens work hard and are quoted as being more interested in 
 business than in art or literature. But this relates to the citizens of the past, 
 the new generation more and more appreciating art and literature. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 287 
 
 Charitable Institutions. 
 
 Nine hospitals. 
 
 Thirty-five charitable institutions. 
 
 Two hundred and thirty-six churches and places for religious worship. 
 
 Eighteen Homes for Orphans. 
 
 Fifty-eight benevolent institutions. 
 
 Pittsburgh Presbytery, Presbyterian Church, largest and most influential 
 Presbytery in the world. 
 
 Leaders among Gideonite salesmen, who have placed 367,000 Bibles in 
 hotel rooms in America and Canada. 
 
 New Homeopathic and West Penn Hospitals most modern in America, 
 and with vast facilities for the care of the sick and injured. 
 
 Three hundred associations look after charities and benevolences, 18 of 
 them Dispensaries, 17 Nursing Associations, 35 Hospitals and 43 for the care 
 of children. 
 
 School for the education of the blind — without an equal — the gift of Mrs. 
 Schenley, Miss Jane Holmes and others, at Bellefield, East End, valued at 
 $250,000. 
 
 School for education of deaf and dumb. 
 
 Manufacturing. 
 
 The largest tube mill in the world. 
 
 Figures daily in the transactions of Wall street, New York. 
 
 Pennsylvania Chocolate Works, largest chocolate and cocoa mills west of the 
 Allegheny Mountains. 
 
 Greatest cork factory in the world — production, if arranged in life preserv- 
 ers, would form a pontoon bridge to almost span the Atlantic. 
 
 Largest structural steel plant in the world. 
 
 Largest works in the world for producing aluminum. 
 
 Produces 33 1/3$ of the manufactured glass of the United States. 
 
 $705,660,139 capital invested in manufacturing. Annual payroll over $550,- 
 000,000. 
 
 The largest steel manufacturing district in the world — truly "the workshop 
 of the world." 
 
 Over 3,000,000 freight and passenger cars in the United States have been 
 equipped with Westinghouse air-brakes. 
 
 McConway & Torley Company, whose couplers for passengers and freight 
 cars and locomotives are in general use. A factor in bringing Pittsburgh into such 
 world-wide notoriety. 
 
 The Westinghouse Companies have always been pioneers in the use of safety 
 appliances for the protection of their employes and in the improvement of work- 
 ing conditions, spending for this purpose over $500,000 annually. 
 
 New by-product works of the United States Steel Corporation at Clairton 
 and Wilson will be one of the biggest mills of the corporation, and with the neces- 
 sary railroad and a big gas main will have cost $25,000,000. Seven hundred 
 houses will be erected to accommodate workmen. 
 
288 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Can you grip the thought that one contract of the Pressed Steel Car Com- 
 pany for $26,000,000 for shells is about equal to an order for 18,000 steel freight 
 cars. Agreement provided for completion in five months, without hindrance to 
 the regular business of the company. "Some contract, some company, some en- 
 terprise." 
 
 Largest air-brake manufacturing plant in the world. 
 
 The largest cork manufacturing establishment in the world. 
 
 Largest pickling and preserving plant in the world — employing 3,500 hands. 
 
 The greatest tonnage point in the world is at Port Perry — in the Pittsburgh 
 district. 
 
 Three hundred and fifty thousand persons employed in manufacturing estab- 
 lishments. 
 
 Produces 40 per cent, of the entire steel output of the United States, and 71 
 per cent, of the State's production. 
 
 Pittsburgh Steel Company turns out daily 300 miles electric welded wire 
 fencing, 200 tons barbed wire fencing and 6,000 kegs of wire nails. 
 
 The new no-inch mill of the Homestead Steel Works, of the Carnegie Steel 
 Company, has been christened "The Liberty Mill," the first in America — an im- 
 perishable title. 
 
 Westinghouse Air-Brake Company occupies 30 acres of space, daily capac- 
 ity 1,000 sets of air-brake equipments, employs 5,000 people, pays out $500,000 
 monthly, and ships 275 car loads every 30 days. 
 
 Union Switch & Signal Company occupies 57 acres, employs 3,700 people, 
 pays $300,000 in wages monthly, ships 75 cars monthly; is the world's leading 
 manufacturer of signal apparatus for protection of steam and electric railroads. 
 
 Largest individual tin plate plant in the world — McKeesport Tin Plate Com- 
 pany — 44 hot mills, 32 operated entirely by electricity. Employs 3,500; product 
 4,000,000 boxes annually. Each box contains 112 sheets 14x20, weighing 100 lbs., 
 or 448,000,000 sheets. About $4,000,000 invested in plant. Just as this plant has 
 enlarged, so did its owners enlarge their subscription of $1,500,000 of Liberty 
 Bonds to $3,000,000, third loan. 
 
 Three thousand six hundred manufacturing establishments. 
 
 Manufactures armor-plate for warships in all parts of the world. 
 
 Approximately 400,000 people, male and female, find employment in the 
 offices and works of the Westinghouse Companies. 
 
 Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company, largest manufacturers of 
 plumbing goods in the world — six factories — has its home here. 
 
 National Casket Company sells over half of all burial robes, suits, dresses, 
 linings and interiors used within 200 miles of Pittsburgh, and has 25 competitors. 
 Great undertaking. 
 
 Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company occupies 100 acres of 
 space, employs 30,000 people, ships 1,500 car loads monthly, and pays in wages 
 approximately $3,000,000 monthly. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 289 
 
 "Stop, Look, Listen !" 
 
 Labor and capital in closer harmony than ever before, as both realize they 
 need each other. 
 
 Sixty thousand consumers of electric light and power supplied by Duquesne 
 Light Company, one customer alone using as much as the whole system 14 
 years ago. 
 
 In one department alone of a railroad corporation, 100 per cent, of the 
 employes hold Liberty Bond souvenirs — rather gilt-edged investments. 
 
 "Pennsy" employes took $9,000,000 of "Liberty Loan the second," and the 
 company added $10,000,000 more. Over 77,000 employes on the lines east 
 secured nearly $6,000,000, and 45,183 employes of the lines west "lined" their 
 pockets with nearly $3,500,000. Just like dreadnaughts directed against the 
 Kaiser. 
 
 The Pittsburgh area, with its more than $200,000,000 Liberty Bond subscrip- 
 tions, is the topnotcher in the Fourth Federal Reserve district. The whole dis- 
 trict subscribed for $489,450,000. 
 
 Our 4,000,000 people consume 3,000,000 loaves of bread daily, at a cost of 
 $300,000 per day. 
 
 State of Allegheny County. 
 
 Taxables in county, 415,356. 
 
 Occupation taxes are paid on $82,000,000 in county. 
 
 Five hundred and twenty-two miles of improved roads in county — cost 
 nearly $12,000,000. 
 
 Labor plays an important part in keeping the wheels of industry in motion as 
 well as providing food for the nation. 
 
 A palace temple of justice for our county, the present Fifth avenue Court 
 House, built without a breath of scandal — one of the most beautiful pyramids of 
 granite in America. 
 
 Beautiful country of rivers and hills. 
 
 Twenty-three to twenty-five thousand children in parochial schools. 
 
 New City-County Hall will care for the needs of the county for 30 years. 
 
 Care of magnificent Masonic Temple requires an expenditure of $52,000 per 
 annum. 
 
 Carnegie Libraries in various wards and districts, besides the great main 
 library in Schenley Park. 
 
 At wholesale market prices the income from the County Farm products 
 reached $48,000 in a single year. Good "war garden." 
 
 Over $1,270,000,000 was the assessed valuation of Allegheny county for 
 1917, an increase of over $20,000,000. 
 
 A 50-mile trolley ride without going out of the manufacturing district ; soon 
 to be extended to one hundred and fifty miles — or from Wheeling to Brownsville. 
 
 Syria Mosque building, in Schenley Farms, if not the largest, absolutely the 
 most beautifully ornamented and decorated of any similar building in America. 
 Ground cost $1,000 a front foot. Nearly a million dollars invested. 
 
 Moose Temple unequaled in America. 
 
290 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 Population of county January i, 1917 — 1,150,000. 
 
 Over 500,000 acres of "war gardens" in the season of 1917. 
 
 There are 439,739 taxables in the county ; an increase of 14,000. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln was pleased to call it "The State of Allegheny County." 
 
 Court House and Jail connected by a fac-simile of the Bridge of Sighs. 
 
 Masonic Temple, one of the finest in America, cost $1,500,000. 
 
 It would require a checking account of over $3,000,000 to buy the live stock 
 in the county. 
 
 Just as an extra Christmas, 1917, offering 350,000 of our people enrolled as 
 members of the Red Cross at $1 per. 
 
 Pittsburgh made good in both patriotism and generosity when it put the 
 "War Recreation Fund" of $100,000 over the top. 
 
 Allegheny county, if made into a city, would have 757 square miles — more 
 than half the size of the entire State of Rhode Island — larger than London. 
 
 New City Hall officials have 151,000 square feet of floor space, nearly twice 
 as much as before. 
 
 Allegheny county people have $340,000,000 at interest. 
 
 Eighty thousand school children enrolled at the September opening in 1917. 
 
 $1,700,000 invested in the Home for County Poor. "A square deal for all." 
 
 Old Court House and new Court House and City Hall total in cost $8,000,000. 
 
 Holds foremost position, industrially, in all nations — tyranny of capital and 
 labor put to flight. 
 
 Allegheny county is a nugget of wealth, aggregating $1,429,548,200; in- 
 crease of $23,000,000 in one year. 
 
 Wages disbursed to workmen for Christmas cheer reaches $45,000,000 to 
 $50,000,000 and does not include about $8,000,000 to $10,000,000 of bonuses. 
 
 New Law Library quarters on ninth floor of City-County Hall has facilities 
 for 100,000 volumes. 
 
 New City-County Hall is rectangularly built around a hollow court, 184 by 
 306 feet, nine stories and three mezzanine stories — total height 151 feet. Interior 
 court 144 feet long and 80 feet wide. 
 
 County Workhouse — value $500,000. The Morgue — $325,000. 
 
 Law Library contains 39,690 volumes, valued at over $112,000. 
 
 Its gigantic industries pour their products out to a world-wide market. 
 
 A teeming population of self-supporting, vigorous and energetic workers. 
 
 The valuation of Allegheny county is greater than that of each of 34 States. 
 
 Banquet Hall of Masonic Temple will seat 3,500, and that of Syria Mosque 
 more than the notable Mosque of Chicago. 
 
 County owes $27,000,000 and has $1,250,000,000 of wealth to insure pay- 
 ment. Richest county of any commonwealth in America. 
 
 Property liable to personal taxation in Allegheny county is nearly $341,000,- 
 000, an increase of nearly $50,000,000. 
 
MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 291 
 
 New City-County building occupies the full square bounded by Grant and 
 Ross streets and by Diamond street and and Fourth avenue. Its construction was 
 begun in 1915. 
 
 Purse thrown wide open at nation's plea. 
 
 Allegheny county is Pittsburgh in everything but name. 
 
 Cost of operating business of county over $8,000,000 annually. 
 
 Has shown her heels to every so-called municipal rival in America. 
 
 Industrial and Training School for boys of county — valued at $700,000. 
 
 Property valuation of boroughs and townships is reckoned at $400,000,000. 
 
 U. S. Weather Signal Station on roof of Oliver building one of the finest in 
 America. 
 
 Three hundred and nineteen bridges in the county — valued at nearly $3,000,- 
 000, and 16 freed bridges worth over $4,000,000. 
 
 The county is very wealthy, notwithstanding $249,000,000 is exempt from 
 taxation ; largely public utilities, but an enormous amount of church property. 
 
 An increase of $8,000,000 in exempt property in the county. In fact 30 per 
 cent, of new property is exempt. Rate greater than increase in taxable property. 
 
 Built of granite on steel frames, with terra cotta trimmings, Roman style of 
 architecture, but wonderfully plain, the new City-County Hall is purely a "made 
 in America" building. Main entrance on Grant street. 
 
 All the business of the 12 Common Pleas Courts is transacted on the 
 seventh floor of the new City-County building, and on the eighth floor are the 
 Orphans Court rooms, Supreme Court accommodations and Special Court rooms. 
 
 Value of real estate in county — $1,165,142,200. 
 
 Sustains one of the greatest industrial armies in the world. 
 
 Has 12 Common Pleas, five County and three Orphans Court judges. 
 
 One hundred thousand boys of Scout age are in the county — 10,000 now re- 
 ceiving Scout training. 
 
 A retail grocer, with 60 stores in various parts of Pittsburgh, whose sales 
 aggregate $3,000,000 annually. 
 
 Four hundred eighty thousand four hundred and eighty acres of land in the 
 county — 757 square miles. "The State of Allegheny County." — Lincoln. 
 
 The Prince of Wales visited Pittsburgh October 2d, i860, accompanied by 
 numerous attendants. The old Duquesne Grays escorted the party to the Monon- 
 gahela House. 
 
 Fifty-five years ago the cashier of one of Pittsburgh's big banks "stated that 
 from military information it was deemed expedient to remove the specie and 
 treasures of the bank to a point out of danger of rebel raids." Those were strenu- 
 ous times. 
 
292 MEMORY'S MILESTONES. 
 
 THE LAST WORD 
 
 ALLEGHENY COUNTY ranked well up towards the head of the proces- 
 sion in the Fourth Liberty Loan. The per capita quota for the grand 
 old state of Allegheny County was the largest in the country outside of New 
 York, but it, along with the quota of every call upon our resources since the 
 World War began, was oversubscribed. 
 
 On the four loans, Allegheny County subscribed $490,000,000, or more than 
 $100 for every inhabitant of the county. We have given the country 40,000 
 men, and behind each man $12,000. If the whole country had done as well, the 
 four Liberty loans would have approximated 40 billions. 
 
 The Women's Committee raised approximately one-third of the county's 
 quota of $165,000,000, which goes over perhaps ten millions, and the Boy 
 Scouts doubled their quota of a million dollars. 
 
 The city compared with 1912 is today buying twice as much goods. 
 
 Within 450 miles of Pittsburgh are 43 million people, compared with New 
 
 York which yields only 31, Boston 24, Detroit 31 and Chicago 29 millions. 
 
 Ten million dollars is placed in the pay envelopes of Pittsburghers every 
 Saturday. 
 
 The innumerable mills of the whole State of Connecticut do not produce 
 more than the mills of Pittsburgh. 
 
 THE END