Class r 1 ^ S . ADDRESS Delivered Wednesday, 28th November, 1866, IN FELLER'S HALL, MADALIN, TOWNSHIP OF RED HOOK, DUCHESS CO., N. Y., BY Brevet Maj.-Gen. J. WATTS DE PEYSTEE (S. N. Y.), ITFON THE OCCASION OF THE INAUGURAIION OF A MONUMENT ERECTED BY '•THIS IMMEDIATE NEKJHBORHOOD. (TI VOLT— MADALIN.) TO HER I>EFENI3ERS WHO LOST THEIK LIVES IN SlIPPRESSINU THE SLAVEHOLDERS' REBELLION AND IN SUSTAINING THE GOVERNMENT OF THi-: Pl^OPLlO, FOR THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE." Tw'i Hundred Copies printed as Manuscript for PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION BY ORDER OF THE " Soldiers' Monument Association." >Je> . ,T^S. STAR,Ii CLAR^Ii, Mlaclaliii, Pre.siclent Soldiers' Monument Association. OILES COOKE, Cooke's Mlills, Secretary. .T0M:INST0]V LIVIIVOSTON, Esq., Tivoli, Chairman of the Inauguration Committee. COhlG«f;>^^ 1867. PRAYER AT THE DEDICATION UF THE SOL- DIERS' MONUMENT, TIVOLI, NOV. 28, 1866, BY REV. G. LEWIS PLATT, A. M., RECTOR OF ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. O Almighty God, the Sovereign Ruler of tlie uni- xerse, who hast ordained that man must live in com- munities and states, who buildest up kingdoms and empires, and puUest down principalities and powers, we thank Thee that we are privileged still to live un- der the protecting shield of that Government one and undivided, that was founded by our forefathers. We thank Thee that the example of their noble manhood, coupled with onr necessity, has animated so many of our fellow-citizens, when that Government was in peril, to go forth to battle, that the ble.ssed heritage of our free republic might be preserved to us, and transmitted to those who come after us. We thank Thee that we are permitted to-day to show our regard for the citizen-soldier, who answers the call of his country, and who, doing his duty manfully, returns to live among us, bear ng, in many instances, the iionor- able marks of bittle. May we ever respect them for their work's sake, and may our hearts ever lie warm towards them, and the hand of kindness never be turned away from them. Specially we tliank Thee that Thou hast put it into our hearts to erect a lasting tablet to commeniDrate the noble self-devotion of those of our neighborhood and friends who fell in this war to preserve the Union. We would fittingly honor them to-day ; yet in honoring i hem we do re- member that we can but honor ourselves It is indeed a privilege to award them the meed of praise.. In doing it we lift our ow^ manhood to a higlier level ; and we trust and pray that the monument, now in fitting words to be dedicated to tln-ir honor may stand to tell our children's children a-.d those who follow them, who among us nurtured the tree of human liberty witii their heart's blood, and who hence deserve to be had in lasting remembrance Ma}' their gilded names stand in the gaze arings, and the wild beasts, which have disap- peari'd from our midst, still nightly prowled about his dwelling and his betterments. Therefore, to address the people of this portion of the upper district of the town of Red Hook, in relation to the part which its inhabitants played during the most momentous period of our country's life, is a very proud and happy duty for a member of their community. This is especially so in my case, whose fathers spake to your fathers when the Frenchman was still their most dangerous enemy and the shores of this river were the seat of a Dutch colony. To speak to this my, our people, in remembrance of their patriotic dead, should be an inspiring theme : it is an honorable and grateful duty — it almost seems like speaking of my own. _ It is very doubtful, coasidering the state of parties in this district, if any territory of like population, similarly situa- ted, sent forth anything like the same nun)ber of it^s patri- otic sons to the battle-field. You will be astonished when it is told, and can be shown from official reports, and private data, that nearly one- sixth of our po])nlation (about 3,300 in all), were present or represented in the field, at one period or another of the war. Red Hook, in person or by substitute, between l.oth April, lS(;i. when Abraham 'Lincoln called for his first levy of T.t.OOO men, and 2d April. ISOG, when Andrew Johnson declared that the war had ceased, had nearly, if rCN-^^ ■ \"^"V not altouethiM'. 510 roprcsentatives niuler anus and under fire. This is tiie more irinarkahle and praiseworthy since this townsliip is not like a frontier district in which the menace of invasion compels its men to seize their weapons to prevent the plunder of th&ir property and the confia- ffration of th'ir-iUveJlinus, and to avert from their families those worst injuries whichwar can inflict. In such a case the first law of nature, self-preservation, echoes the sum- mons to arms ! It is not like a <;'reat seaport town into which immiuration pours its needy adventurers or foreign poor, to enlist under the temptation of bounties, which are wealth to the workinu' classes of the Old World. It is not like a city or large town filled with those Arabs of the streets, to whom the })rivations of a soldiers life are positive comforts and even luxuries, in comparison to the risks and hardships of their every-day existence. It is not like a newly-settled district exposed to the inroads of the savag-e.'to whose inhabitants custom has rendered military service almost second nature, and danger has made the rifle and the hunting-knife as familiar tools as the imple- ments of husbandry. No. dear friends, our district was like none of these ; it was remote from danger : the foot of war could never trample its fields. Nor were our people like those classes to which I have referred. They were peaceable and in- dustrious countrymen. To them the summons to arms would have proved no invitation had it not been the voice of their country, the voice of a dear and endangered country, tvhich appealed to their honest sentiments and their brave enterprise, their love oi liberty, and their patri- otism, calling upon them to go forth and peril their lives upon the battle-field, and to risk their health in the camp and in the hospital to maintain freedom, and to extend the blessings of liberty and to preserve that glorious country which less than a century ago was a strip of settlements clinging to the shores of the Atlantic — a ribbon of culti- vation and civilization, which has grown lu-oader and broad- er under the impulse and protection of liberal institutions, until its western edge is silvered by the surf of the Pacific, and the influence and majesty of those institutions shed their light eastward and westward over the whole world. Well might Paijodik chaunt — •' Our country I— 'tis a glorious lard ! With broad arms stretcli'd from fhoro to shore, The proud Foci lie chafes her strand, She hears the dark Atlantic roar ; And nurtiir'd on her ample breast. How many a poodly prospect lies In nature's wild st grande\ir drest, Enamell'd with the loveliest dyes." Or as Br.RANciKR. tlie French poet of Freedom, sang— " Thou secst Europi'an, fir and near Upon this strand, whence joyous shouts resound, Thou seest, free from pain or servile fear. Peace, Labor, Law and Charities abound. Tlpre the oppressed a Refuge find from strife ; Here Tyrants bid our deserts teem with life . Man and his Rights have here a Judge divine. O'er all the Eartli, O day of triumphs thiue ! " To the majority of the people of this district the infernal agencies which had been at work for over sixty-three j'ears (since 1798), to enlarge the t?LAVE-i'owf;RaiHl produce Se- cession, were either entirely unknown or misunderstood. Many of those who, for a Ions' succession of years, had voted, indeed, with the party wliich fostered those South- ern leaders who brous;ht on the Rebellion, had not the remotest idea of their treasonable views or intentions. The mass of the Northern pro-slavery voters were totally un- aware of the individual meanness, the vileness of the measures, or the enormity of the criminality of those who engineered the working out of the plot which plunged our country in l^lood and tears and debt. Free themselves, and happy among tiiemselves, the Northern people could not understand the degradation of the sentiments or the fierce- ness of the ])rejudices which Slavery unavoidably and nat- urally engendered. E.xcept in rare cases, they could not comprehend the persecutions to which our Northern settlers htid been subjected in slave-holding and slave- breeding States. Few could be made to believe that liberal ideas, such as we were accustomed to speak of witiiout ,l•e^traiIlt, and opinions such as we daily inter- changed, were forbidden within the area wherein the crack of the slave-driver's lash Ibund continual echo in the slave- driven's agonized cry. Southern orators, with the cunning of the evil one himself in their hearts, and arguments de- rived from the same father of lies on their lips, had been permitted to come North and pour forth freely the poison of tlieir deliberate and unmitigated fatirications. Among our frank and loyal people, unaccustomed to such specious and brazoned falsehoods, they passed for honesty and truth. Few. very few. even of their opponents, who had not been conscientious ear and eye-witnesses of the true state of affairs, could understand that such barefaced perversions of patent facts, that such treasonable wiles, and that such fearfully atrocious misrepresentations, could, indeed, be falsehoods, inexcusable except to minds permeated with disloyalty, treason, hatred to the laborer, to the poor white, to free thought, to open discussion, tilled with contemptu- ous ignorance of the dignity of labor. Few could be brought to believe at that time when, on the 2d of December. 1859. Hknry A. Wise hung John Brown, that the Viriiinian (lOvcrnor hung him for a polit- ical olijei't, and not in vindication of the violated laws of his State. Wise hurried his pre-judged victim to the gallows with such a vindictive hate as to call forth the re- monstrance of one of the wickedest of Northern politicians in the Southern interest. Fernando Wood himself, urged upon Henry A. Wise the impolicy of the poor ohl man's execution ; l)iit AVise was inexorable. 'I'he iianpinu' of Joiix Brown was tlie iminolation of a liuniaii bein^' to secmv political stipreinucy, and minister to personal eleva- tion. It was the deliberate sacrifice of life to propitiate that ehiss or party who, since the nomination of Fremo.nt, had adopted as their luiidanientai princii)!e tn ritlc in the Uiu'on, or to Jcstrni/ the Union. The basis of 1 heir ])]au was Treason ; its result was to be. and could be, nothinjf less than the overthrow of liberal institutions, the deij-rada- tion of the. just-now <>'enerally aeknowledued, diprnity of free labor, the death-blow to liberty in itr. last asyhini.'this our country, this the worlds rtfnp:e, a New World. On the 2d of December, 18.t9, John Brown and his as- sociates suffered as felons. Even the reckless Virg'inian hotspur did not dare to try them as traitors : they died like hero/s — they ju'rislied like martyrs for freedom! The South, which hojM'd to profit by their death, by their execution sufltM'ed irretrievable damaac John Hrown. i)y dyinir as only heroes and martyrs can die. awoke the North to looking;- upon slavery. in its horrilile, blood- stained, immoral blackness of deformity. The judicial murder of Johx Brown elected Ar.RAHAM Lincoln. " Cut down his corpse, trample the tnirtyr's mound : Bat lo 1 the seed 's scarce planted in the ground, When, forth, prolific, sprouting bludes appear, Thousands on thousands in the coming yea--. Whose blosoms, scarlet, Wo are Waste and War; — From lakes to gulf, from Ocean's shore to shore ; — But as iheir fruit the Wurld astonished s;iw Freedom secured and reestablished law I " Our liomekeapinL'' Xorthern rural population, and still unawakened Northern masses, could not see throuoh this atrocious plot, or imagine the extent of its deeji-laid prep- aration. One thiuL'-. however, the m:\jority proved that they could understimd. From their boylmod up they felt that tiiey were free men and free men's children. They knew that they were citizens of a lireat country, and the}' liad learned to love and honor their free Fatherland. That country had an emblem, appropriate and indicative, and they loved and honored that emblem. 'I'hat emblem, or symbol of our Mifiht and Riirhts. was our Flao- — the Na- tional banner — " Old (iiory I" as the soldiers termed it. Well mifflit they term it '• Old (ilory,'' for its short-lived history of cinhty-four years had crowded into its pa-otten 14th of October, 1777, when on the shores of our own ma- jestic river tlie sun Uioked down upon the greatest triumph ever achieved by freemen over oppressors — upon the greatest succtss ever won by a citizen soldiery over vet- erans and barbarian allies. The Stars and Stripes were first unfurled to float over the " Surrender of Saratoga." " When sad Bvkgoyne, in one disastrous day, See< future crowns and former wreaths decay, ' His banners furled, his long battalions wheel'd To pile their muskets on the Dattle-field." This incomparable success, the thirteenth decisive, vic- tory in the history of human progress, won for us the al- liance nnd assistance of France. This capture of tlio magnificent royal army determined the late or result of the Revolution, and set up for ever in a blaze of glory the pil- lars of our nationality. But, friends and neighbors, when I thus call your atten- tion to that Surrender of Bl'rgoyxe. it is not alone for the purpose of announcing to you the first display of the national flag. That triumph is one of the brightest among the many military achievements of this, our, the P^mpirk State. The military sagacity and calm common sense of a New York geaeral and farmer. Piiiijp Schl-vleh, and the fearles-; tenacity of New York farmers and woodsmen troops so checked and harassed Birgoyxe that the latter, an able commander, felt he was whipped long before he reached, and fought, and laid down his arms at Saratoga. " Those gallant yeoman " New York's " peculiar and appropriate sons, Known in no other land. Each boasts his hearth And field as free as the best lord his barony, Owing subjection to no human vassalage Save to Iheir "God" and law. Hence they are resolute Leading the van on every day of battle, As men who know the blessings they ilefend. New York troops bore the burden and heat of the day, and although New Ensrland co-operated, nobly co-operated, and helped to complete the work, our deliberate New York leader and our sturdy New York men paved tlie way to success and insured it, hoping against hope, but never re- laxing their efforts ; compelhng fortune l)y their indomita- ble tenacity and laborious energy, their self-sacrificing patriotic determination. " Such were Saratoga's victors — such The Yeoman Rrave. whose deeds and death have given A glory to her skiep, A music to her name " Yes, it is a proud thing for New Yorkers to be able to say, pointing to our Stars and Stripes, that the Flag made in pursuance of the resolution of Congress of the 14th of June, 1777, made public on the 3d of September. 1777, first gave its Stripes to the caresses of the winds, and its Stars to kindle in tiie sun on New York soil, on that de- cisive day which was the baptismal epoch of these free United State;? of America. And New York State has proved worthy of the honor, for she sent forth 473,443 (^500,000 to '600,000, B. M. S. Alhy) men to maintain, preserve, restore, and consolidate the Union. Theneeforward in every quarter and in every colony it wasequally the emblem of />/6c;-/^and of Victory. Wash- ington perfected his great work under it at the North, andin the Cfiifir. and under the same "Old Glory," " Greese rose bei-ide him eraulou« in arms, Ilif genius bri^htning as the danger warms, In counsel great, in every science skill'd. Pride of the camp and terror of the field," and completed the deliverance of the South. Meanwhile, in the midst, that same glorious banner witnessed at the same point where McClellan commenced his inglorious career, that Surrender of Yorktown which should have inspired him or any other Northern leader with the force and will to enuilate the wisdom, the energy and the success of that Father of his Country, who, on the banks of the York River, 10th of October, 1781, saw England's ablest general and best veteran army, lay down its arms before our Continental Line and farmer-soldiers. The war-worn English banners saw, " Flags from the forts and ensigns from the fleet," — which had waved over so many conquests and victories, and had ruled through so many centuries, " Roll in the dust and at < "olumbia's feet." " Here Albion's crimson cross the soil o'erspreads, Her Lion crouches and her Thistle fades ; Indignant Erin rues her trampled Lyre, lirunsnick's pale Steed lorgets his foamy fire, Pniud Hessia's Castle lies in dust o'erthrown. And venal Anspach quits her broken crown." Banners invested with the glories of seventeen hundred years, bowed in defeat and capitulationj to that new-born i'lag exactly four years old. Need I more than refer to the Second "War of In- dependence so full of honors to that dear old flag, young in years, but old in triumphs. Did it not float over Pike, dying in the arms of victory, at Little YorTc (now Toronto), (27th April, 1813) ; over the invincible Backus, at Sacl-ett's Uarhor, on Lal-e Ontario (29th May. 1813j; over Perry, on Lalce Erie (10th Septem- ber, 1813); and over Harrison, at the Thames (5th October, 1813) ; over Scott, at Chvppetca (bXh July, 1814). where my uncle George Watts, of the Dra- goons, preserved a life so valuable to his, our coun- try ; over '' Til- try -sir f'' Miller, at Lundy's Lane (2'5th July, 1814); over the indomitable Brown, at Fort Erie (3d August— 21st Septeanber, 1814); over Izard, Macomb and Wool, victorious at Plattshurgh (1st— 12th September, 1814), over the British Gen- eral Prevost, envious of succeeding where Bur- GOYNE had failed ; over the glorious Macdonough, the second victor in a combat of fleets on Lake Cham- plain (lltli SL-])tfiiil)L'r.lS14) ; over "Old IIi(koi;y." •A^ Xeio Orleans (Stli Jiinnary, 1815); :iiul over tlio tearless Aijmisteat), at Baltimore, to whose irallant de- feiict of Fort McIIcnry (13th Septeinher, 1814.) the chuiitry owes tliat ^eiu of Nalional son;^s, the ''Stur- Spangled IJaiiner.'" . Yes, indeed, •' Old Glory I" Tliroui^h ifty years (if trliuiii)!), at New Orleans, at the fartliest h'o:Uh ; in Mexico, at tiie Aztec capital ; at Duena Vista in the wild, midland jxoiges of the Continent ; and in Cali- fornia, at the farthest West ; a Jacksox, a Scdtt, a Taylou and a Keaijny had fought and conquered in llie liglit of its stars. And then, within five .> ears at SpriiK/licld (10th August, 1801), at the West ; at Sxvannah. on tlie Tennessee (about April, 18(12), at Chantilly, at the East (1st September, 18(52); and before Atlanta, at tiie South (22d July, 1864); a Lyox, a Smith, u Stevexs and another Keaexy and a McPiiersox had fought like heroes, and bad die 1 like soldiers under its folds. . Nor was tlie brilliancy of that s;imc Old Glory cunl.ned to this Continent or the lirm land. In the bands of peaceful, but fearless explorers, its constelhi- tjon.had redected tlie midniglit sun of the Arctic and Antarctic zones — farther North, in the grasp ot Ivaxe and Mor.Tox, tlian any linman hand had ever carried any flag — farther South than any vessel, before Wed- DELL and Wilkes, liad penetrated the fearful Assures of the everlasting Antarctic ice-fields. Nay more, amid the sulpliureous steam of l)attle that s;ime "Old Glory" has sailed triumi)hant, or with honor, on every sea. ' Streaming from the masthead of Paul Jones, it had ravaged the coasts of Great Britain, and in tlie most desperate naval battle of all times (28. [ Sei)tember, 1779.) had seen the haughty, meteor flag of England hauled down in humiliating defeat. Twice with TiUTXTox, in the Constellation [.^xXvYahvw.wy, Yl^d'i ; 2d February. 1800), "Old Glory "' .saw the French tri- color, which, on land, had beheld q\-Q:v\ other stan- djard fall before it, yield to the skill and courage of America's infant navy. And, even as in 1799 and 1800, tiie Stars and Stripes dared to brave the power of tiie omnipotent first Na- Poi.EOX, even so, in 18Go-'0, again it bearded liis no less astute and ambitious successor, third of the name. To the Latin eagle of France our .American bird screamed its defi.incc and warning, and ihe talons of the former relaxed at once their throttling liold on tie prostrate Aztec eagle. So grand and so imposing was the .attitude of our Republic that it called forth tho unfeigned ai)plause of England herself, and the lionest jicknowledgincnt tliat no other power upon earth wonUl have dared thus, and tlins successfully, to lirave and compel the despot of the Tullleries. But simply to refer to all the triumphs which our fla_!^ has achieved, would require not hours, hut days, where I have only minutes, to do them adequate jus- tice. Flapping at the peak of Steheett (1st August, 1801) ; of>iiEBLE (3d, 7th, 24th and 29th August, and 5th September, 1804); of Decatur (l7th and 19th June, 1815); of Ciiauxcy (August, 181G), "Old Glory" looked on, approving, while our tars chastised the l)arharian pirates of ^lorthern Africa in their s rongliolds — pirates tlie terror of the oldest and most l)o\vcrful neighboring N"ationalities. Upon those waves which had borne, for three thousand years, the contending navies of the Ancient and Ohl World, freemen from tiie Xew World, under the Stars and Stripes, were the first to teacli to those wlio exacted tribute from every otiicr Hag, that the seamen who sailed witli the Stars and Stripes as their emblem, would pay millions for defence, but not a cent for trilmte. When the Oliristian-despising Dey of Tunis saw Decatur sail (2Gth July, 1815,) into his harbor, and heard him dictate terms from the deck of a captured Englisli frigate, the G-nerriere, while a second frigate, taken from the same Nation, with the conquering " Old Glory '' at the peak, lay by, he was lost in amaze- ment. " You told me," said the Dey to the British Consul, "that you Englisli would sweep the Americans from the seas. And, now, behold, they come to make war upon me with the very ships tliey have taken from yon !" Dear old flag, how often against odds upon the farthest oceans, in single encounters, and twice in a combat of fleets on our own inland seas, partially eml)raced by the territory of the State of New York, have the Stars anrl Stripes, triumphing, supplanted the Union Jack of England. " Whoso smoking decks are these ? ; I know Saint George's Wood red ' ross. Thou Mistress of the Seas,— Lilt what is she, whose streaming Stripes Roll out before the breeze ! " * ♦ * » •' 1 he mist was cicar'd— a Wreath of Stars Rose o'er the crimson swell, And wavering from iis haughty peak. The Cross of England fell." One exploit of more recent date had added such lustre to our flag that, until the Rebels hauled it down south of the Potomac and the Ohio, tlie world looked up to it with awe and admiration. AVhen the fugitive 10 and the exile appealed to it for protectioir, desi)otisiii Buw itself compelled to respect the rights of those whose trembling limbs had borne them to this sanctuary of freedom to clasp as would-be-citizens the horns of that altar upon which the American people had kindled, in 1770, the perpetual tires of liberty. Lot no American ever forget how, in the harbor of Smyrna, our sailing sloop-of-war, St. Louis, dared to confront a squadron of Austrian steamers and coni- pel the Satrap of the despot to deliver up Kozta, who claimed the protection of the Stars and Stripes, sira[)ly because, while in this country, he had registered his intention of becoming a citizen. The Austrian Commodore had ordered the poor Hungarian to be bound to the mainmast of his flagsiiip, in hopes th;it if the St. Louis lired, its broadside would destroy KozTA, and thus preclude his surrender. The Austrian Vulture, however, which had preyed on older emblem- atic birds and beasts of imperial and royal dignity, did not dare to encountt^r the beak and talons of the young Republican eagle. So Kozta was save(i, un- bound, and delivered safe upon the deck of tiie St. Louis, under the shadow of that Hag to which he o - ed his life and his freedom. And. tiien, again, when British naval archittcis ami mechanics had constructed and launclied the Ala- bama, and had sent her fortii, manned with British sailors and guiuiers, trained in British sciiools of naval gunnery, all English but her Rebel pirate commander, 80 English it needed but tiio English flag to constitute her the National sea-ciiainpion of England — how short a space did it require for the Kearsarge, witii Old Glory at her peak, to send the perfidious corsair down into the depths of that ocean whose surface she had polluted by her cowardly career of theft and of injury to the peaceful and defenceless. Yea, verily, friends and neighbors, by land and l)y sea, on the lakes and on the oceans, wherever Old Glory waved and waves, and wherever it fl(tated and now again tioats, it proclaimed a stupendous stride of htiman progress ; it demonstrated the result of dignify- ing labor, and it promised liberty to the oppressed, and declared the freedom of the seas. Such is a l)rief allusion to the history of that flag which Rebels were sufficiently insane to insult, and which Rebels saw floating victoriously over their captured stiongholds and their discomrtted armies. Flivg of the Free, humiliatpd By Treison's crime and Rebel guile, Bt Freemen's efforts reinstated, Now floats victorious o'er the pile Of States redeemed and recreated— Vast Freedom's temple in whose aisle Our Flags in fight, 11 Witness of efforts never mated Shall wave forever permeated With Glory's light ! » * * ■ * » TwH) or three jears since one of the citizens of this town (Dii. Thomas Bartonj visited England. On his return he was asked what had impressed him most during iiis tour, or in what particular our people dif- fered most from those ahroad ? His reply— the reply of an observing and thinking man — was, " I was struck with the contrast between the brutality of the English and the Patience of the American people." A true remark — a sagacious observation. This it was, this PATIENCE, this moral discipline, the self-restraint, which made the Northerners such good soldiers in the battle-tield : such good citizens on the field of indus- try, since their mustering out and their return to their former avocations. Yes, perhaps patience or moral discipline is the distinctive characteristic of the Northern masses. Nothing like it ever belonged to the Southern character. The incomprehension of this magnanimous phase of mind led the Southerners, rebels in heart, but not yet rebels in act, into a fatal error, and doubtless was the real occasion of the " Sluvelioiders' Rebellion;" "the Rebellion of a few arrogant land and slaveholders (^against a popular government ;" -^ the Rebellion of a?i Oligarchy against the People." The Slavocrats and Secessionists presumed upon the merciful forbearance of a patient peojjle, forgetting that there is a period when forbearance ceases to be a virtue. Tbey deluded themselves into the ridiculous idea that Northern patience and long suffering were the result of want of manliness — yes, of courage — not the consequence of the most dignified composure and the noblest self-reliance. No section ever made a greater mistake. Carried away by this self-deception, they crowned twenty-eight (1832-'3,-'60) years of folly by an act of madness. Led oft' l>y the aristocratic slaveholders of South Caroliua of theRuFFi{a)N type, the Rebels fired upon "Old Glory "—they dared to fire against the Stars and Stripes, the sacred emblem ot a free people. As Major-General Baknaed wrote, •' In the little and contemptible oligarchy of South Carolina (con- temptible as all little oligarchies are), *vas found a large enough proportion of demented men " to set this ball in motitm. ' " The Soutli fired upon ourflaa; and the North awoke. Such an awakening the world had never yet seen ; it is very likely tlie world will never again see. It was the uprising of the People, the great tree Novtliern people, roused from patient repose into indignant activity. It proved that within this, the real area of Freedom, 12 — — " Jfan is nne : And he hath nne preat heirt. It i< thus we feel, WitI a Kigantic throb athwart the sea; Eich other's righls and wrongs ; thus are we men." The Freo North arose like a giant retVesiied by sleep ; iiwoke from tlie torpor of dreams to a fall conception of the mai^nitude and magnilicence of the oc;,'asion. Freedom and Slavery at length looked each other in the facj ; Oligarchy and true Republican-Democracy. Every thinking, ])atriotic man at tlie North knew well tliat the balls tired at Sumter, tiie insult to the Flng, was a shot tired ar the heart of Progress — a dcalh-blow aimed at the life of the Nation. No more folding of the hands to sleep. It was sleep on and perish, wake and live! Pine-clad Katihdin's s\immon 's blending With caU trom Santa Rosa's bight— P.icifi'; cheering answer sending To lone Mount Desert's sea-girt light — From East to We-t, one voice ascending, From ev'ry State the arch subtending — To arms and fight I The Rocky Mountains echo lending, Along the Lakes that echo 's wending, God save the right. The people became at once transmuted into an army, permeated with an Idea. Ecery Army ichich has ever heen inspired '"'itJi an Idea has proved itself /««/«c/J?e. TheFrencli Army of 1789-1812, which conquered in suc- cession every European Continental Nation, had caught a sort of delirium together with Ideasof True Lilierty, from fighting in America. If auxiliaries nurtured, trained, and directed by Despotism, merely by fight- ing at the side of our Revolutionary sires liad, by their example, been rendered unconquerable, was it not in- consistent or unwise to believe that the son>, of those sires had degenerated or had forgotten the lessons and traditions which their fathers had learned at the knees of the Patriots of '76. It could not be so. liuxKER Hill and Bexxixgtox, Ohiskaxv and Stoxe Poixt, SriLLWATEK and SAHAXOfjA (the last five fouJit on New York soil), could not liave been forgotten while those, who participated in their glories, still survived to teach the generation, still living, how the Sons of Liberty battled for Freedom and for Independence. On thelSth April, 18(>1, ajipareiit ])eace still reigned in the land. Since the lOtli October. 1781, when the British capitulated at Yorktown, no hostile force had traversed our country. Eighty years ot intei-nal tran- quillity iialunteers ; 1st (Seuref-i/s) ISthNew YorkEnf-'ineers; Istt and 2d New York Light Artil- lery, and 34th Independent I^attery, New York Vol- unteer Artillery ; 6th, 13tli* and i4th N. Y. Heaw Artilk-rv ; 2d, 3(', 4th, Sthf and 6th. N.Y. Cav- alry; Scott's 900]: ; and 1st N. Y. Miuinted Rifles ; * f^ieutenant Wakukm W. Chambkulain, from Lowtr UKi lIooU, bi'longed to thi< ifgiinenl. He had previouslj held a commission as Lieutenant in the r2th N. Y. Militia, which left New Yoik City 21st \pril, 1861. He WHS killed near Groveton, Va., while acting lis aide- de-camp to General Syivks, under Very peculiar and distressing cir- cumst mces, at the second battle of Manassas or Bull Run, 30lh Au«- gust, 1S()2. t Of this 1st regiment, Mouoan Light Artillery, Coaklks S. "Wain- WRiGHT (oi Khynbeck), Brevet Brigadier-General U.S. Volunteers, was olonel, IHiil-'.'); J. Watts DKrKYsTui Junior, Brevet Li<\i'en- anf-Colonel New Yoik Volunteers (Vohirteer Aide-de-Cainp to Gen- eral I'liiLiP Kearnv at Williamsburg and Seven Pines or Fair Oaks), was Junior Major in 18(51-'2. There were "nly some thirty of the men enlisted for the 1st New York (Morgan) light artillery in Duchess county, whoever joined it. These belonged to " E" < oiiipany, and .sv;m« <;/' them were engaged in the following baitles : Spottsyhan.a, North Anna, Bethesda Church, siege of Peter-burg. The regimental Hag of the 1st New York artillery bears the i.ames of forty-five bittles and sieges in which one or more companies of the regiment took part as follows, viz : Cross Keys, Spottsylvania, Winchester (first), North Anna, Lee's Mills, Tolopatamoy, Siege of York'own, Bethi sda Church, Williamsburg, Cold Harbor, Fair Oaks, Petersbiirg, Mechanics! ille, Weldon Railroad, Jun ■ ib, 1862, I'eeb'es Farm, Savage Starion, Chapel House, White Oik Swamp, Matcher's Run, Glendale, Gravelly llun, Malvern Hill. Five FoVks, Bull Hun second. Storming of Petersburg. South Mountain, Appomattox Court House, Antietam, Lookout Mountain, Fredericksburg, Resaca, Chancellorsville, New Hope Church, Gettysburg, Kenesaw, Rappahanuoci Station, Peach Tree Creek, Bristoe Station, Atlanta, Mine Run, Savannah, Wilderness, Averysboro', Bentonville * Johnston L. we Pkyster, Brevet Lieutenant-Co'onel U. S. Vol- unteers, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel New York Volunteers, Recipient of Vote of Thanks from the Corporation of the City of New York, 1866, was Second Lieutenant and Post Adjutant, Fort O'Rorke, 1864. t Augustus Bakkeh, Second and First Lieutenant and Captain (killed), in this regiment (1861-'3). X J. Watts de Pkvstkr, Junior, First Lieutenant commanding company, in this regiment in July, 1862. 15 1st (National Guard) ; 12th (Independence Guard) ; I7tli|| (Westchester Chasseurs) ; 22d (Siinthern Tier Eegiment) ; 25th (Union Rangeis); 26th; 29th§ (As- tok;; 32d (1st California); 44th (People's Ellswohth 5 Robert L. Livingston, Volunteer aid to General Butterfield for upwiirHs of a month, when he rtceived n commission as Ensign in the 17th New York Stute Volunteers, Colonel II. S. Lansing, dated 2'Jlh October, ISlil ; Fiist Lieutmant June 20, 18(i2, to take rank Irom May 27th, the day of the battle of lliino' tr Court-house. This promotion was made by Governor Mokgan upon the following let- ter : llEADaUAkTERS 3r BRIGADE, CaMP NEAR NeW BBinGE, 1 June 11, 18fi2. j CoUinel ti. a. Lattsiny, \7l/i aVcio York State Volunteers: ■ ui.oNKL :— On the day of our tight at Hanover Court-house, when !>l\ the oiKcers ol the 17lh behaved so well, the conduct of Lieutenants BuRi.nuii and Livingston came i.articularly under my personal observation. Lieuttiiant Livingston, on my peisonal staff, behaved most ailm lably, carrying my orders oftentimes under tire in the coolest manner. To him, not less than to the other members of my personal siult, nnsell iiiid the brigade are indebted. * trust that wjen the op- poiiuiuty Chick AHOMiNY, June 12, 18G2. ) Adjutard-Ge.neral Thomas Hillhoase: \ UENERAL :— 1 inclose a copy of a letter received from General Bvt- jEKFiKi.i), commending the conduct of Lieutenants Burleigh and LiviNosioN upon the field of Hano er Court house. It affords me pleasure to add my own testimony to the coolness and gallantry of both the.-e officers, and to recommend them for promotion. Lieuten- ant Bun lkigii to be aptain, to date from 27th May; Second Lieu- tenant KoBEKT L Livingston to be First Lieutenant, vice Buuleigh, promoted, to date from 27th May. I am, sir, verv respectfully, &c., II. S Lansing, "Colo. .el 17th New York State Volunteers. lie jei ved during the entire campaign of the Army of the Potomac under General McClelian, attached to the oth Aimy Corps; was among the tirst to inter Yoiktown ; was present at the numerous engagements on the Peninsula, at the White House, Se\en Pines, Gaines's Mills, Malvern Hill, returning to Tivoli on leave alter the letinment ot the Army of the Potomac to llaiiison's Bar, to recruit iroiii the fatigue and exhiustion ol what is styled the " Seven Days Battle." In September ho ictumeuto llarru^on's Bar, and thence joine 1 his General and the Amy, about the time the commnnd was iraiisierred to General Pope, but was incapacitated, frcm the return of his ChicUahon iny lever, to ^o in the field, as was also his Gmeral, and made his wav alone, with his servant, to Washington, where he remained on the "sick list during those days of confusion and mollifi- cation which followed the deleat ot Geneial Pope. He was still recruiting when the battle of Antietam was fought; but his General leturning tu his command, he once more went into thetielo, butonlv to remain a short time ; the Chickahominy fever was again upon him "on his return. After being present in some sixteen engagements, and serving eighteen months, be tendered his resigna- tion, which was accepted. J- I^- § Loiis LivncsTON, afterward Captain, U. S. A., and Additional Aide-de Campto Major-Gen. S. W. Cuawfokd, U. S. Volunteers, was elected the lirst Major of this regiment ; Lieu'enant H. Livingston RoGEKS was Quarteimaster. Miss Estelle E. de Peyster presented this regiment its State or Battle flag, which, after two years service, and alter being present in every combat, affair and battle in which the 29th pHrticipated, was returned, a mere wreck and relic, to the donor as a memento, and is now kept in the dwelling of the Speaker. 16 Avengers) ; 48tli (Ist Coiitinentjil Guard) ; 5tUh (Tenth Leffion); Gist (Clinton Guarlf ; G3il (3d Irish); C5th (United States Ciiasseiifs) ; VOth (Cort]andt)r ; 80rh (20th X. Y. S. M., Ulster Guard) ; 84th (I4ih N. Y. S. M:., Brooklyn); 01st (Heavy Artillery) ; 'JStli ; OGth,, (Macombh:) ; ll4th, 115th, 125tli, 12Srht, 150th| loGrh, lOllth, New York Volunteer lutantry ; 8th N. Y.S. Milit'a. Navy. — Steamers, Minnesota, Color- ado, Port>mouth,§ Bienville, etc. Even witii the very first sound of alarm, a num- ber of our youth hastened to enrol liiemselves, or hurried forward to tlie scene of contlict. On the 15th April, 18G1, President LtxcoLX called for his tirst levy of 75.000 Volunteers. Had he invoked 2,000,000 they would have responded. On the 21st April, the 12riiN. Y. S. M. left New YoikCily. On the 23d the 8th N. Y. S M. (Washington Greys), was on its * Dr. William 1'. Uusi, of Madalia, died in service, Assistan, Surgeon. II Wm. p. Wai.nwrigiit, ' olonel 22d New Yoik State Militia, which compiiscd this town, I80G, olonel, wuunded in command of Doible- DAV's brigade at South Mountain, alter saving the day m that quarter; present ai Bui Kun ; first Cro^s-Keys ; under fire at G.iiuts- ViUe, Rappahiiimock Station, Hull Kun Sicond — two days, South .Mountain— wounded, Fri'dericIj.Nburg first ; present at Chancellors- viUe ; resigntd, broken in health, fiom which he .'till tutlers, 1866. Chaules K. Livingston, (grandson o Robkkt S Livingston, Esq., of Ked Uook,) Lieutenant-' olonel, etc., in this 76tn legiment. t John H. II agar, of Madalin, rose from Private to First Lieuten- ant commanding Color Company C. B Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Johnston Livingston de Pey.«teii held commission of Captain in this regiment in 1865, and at the time when it was mustered out. ; Stephen Van IIe^sselaer Crcger, supposed to hare been mor- tally woundeJ in two places, at Kesaca, Adjutant and Captain Com- pany A, Brevet Major U. S. Volunteers, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel New York Volunteers. § Ciiahlks Henry Tillottsos, Aide, etc., to Captain Swarthout, c<I)ecl on the anniversary of Lexington — stains not yet \va^lle(l out by the tropical Spring rains. One of the officero with hiin was Assistant Surgeon De Peystek, from Red Hook. The capuire or rather bridling of Baltimore (13th and 14th May, 1861), was the initiative military move- ment at the East. Its triumphant conclusion in the same quarter was the fall and occupation of Richmond (:3d April, 1805). Here again Red Hook was in tiie van, and the ""first real American flag" displayed over the Rebel capitol, wherein for four years tlie Rebel Congress had deliberated and resolved treason, was hoisted by another son of Red lIo(d<, Lieutenant Johnston Livingston De PEVSTEi£,t Aide-de-camp to Major-General Godi'key Weitzel, Commanding. As Johnston L. de Peyster was brevetted Lieu- tenant-Colonel before he had attained the age of 19 years, he must have been the youngest officer of that rank in the service. A very curious concurrence of circumstances is con- nected witb this tirst display of the American Flag (iver Richmond, after its evacuation. It was raised on the stati'at the west end of the Rebel Cupitol. From this sraft', thronglntut the four years of Rebellion, the State flag of Virginia had floated. This display of the Virginian standard had been kept up as indicative not only of tbe State Riiilits of Old Dominion as an inde- pendent sovereignty as regarded the Union, without, i. e., towards the North, but a'so as regarded the Rebel Confederation, to wliich it had joined its destiny, within, i. c, towards the South ami West. The flag of Virginia was not only a signal of deflance hung out against the Stars and S ripes investing Richmond, but towards the maaimoth Rebel Confederate flag which l)ad already been torn down from the stall' at the east end of the traitors' capital. Thus the baimer emblazoned witn " Sic semper tyi'an- t Urevet iiieutenant-Colonel Johnston I.ivingsion dk Pkystkk, U. S. V. New York Volunteers, tven ll^ an elder biotlier was among the first to enter the service, the younger was on of the last to eave it. At the earnest rec mmendatiou of Major-General S. W. Ckaw- TORD, he was promiited to a captaincy in the Otith New York Volun- teer Infantry. This rej-iinent was one of the last two New Y'ork reg- iments to be mustered out (Adjidanl-Ge.nf.raV a [State of J\'ew yorh] Report, 18(i<>, 1, 281), on the (ith February, 8(i6. rhe Third Annual Report of the. Xtw York Bureau nf iMililary Statistics (page 349 stales that the 20th Nhw York State Militia (or Sitlh New York Volunteer Infantry) was "the last regiment ot the 'Army of the Potomac' to leave ih It field," Virginii. I'he dale of its " muster out." however, is 29th January, 18(i(). It matters not, however, which was the last to lay aside its mihtarv responsibilities. In both. Red IIo k was represented, and well represented. See Ai'Pkndix, '• liioprnphicnl ,S7,-e/t/i," also, H. b. Dawson's " T/i« First Ftag over Kidimoiid," or " The Coi.oKs of the Unitkj) Si atks first raised over the Cai'Itoi. of the, Confedkrate States, April 3, 186.5, Morrisania, X. i' , 1800;" HoKACK Gbeelky's " The Amet-ican Conflici," ii, 737-'8, etc., etc. 19 w«," the sentiment misapplied by Lincoln's parri- oi !al assassin, liad waved tor nearly fonr years as the arrogant symbol of an nnmirigated and unchangeable expression of the doctrine of State Rights. Accord- ingly, when it was hauled dow-n, and tlic supplanting Stars and Stripes streamed oat distended by the gale, no one who beiield it could misunderstand the inter- pretation. Like a rich jewel, set in a gorgeous frame of ebony and gold, '• Old Glory " shone amid the conflagration which filled tlie air with roar and ruin. It was as clear in its signification as the hand- writing on the wall to the abandoned and doomed BEf.snAZZAR. State Kights and Southern princijiles had been weighed in the balance, and had been found wanting ; th<^ might and dominion of slavery had been broken and departed for ever. Babylon llie mighty had fallen! Lucifer, the sou of the raorning, had been bronglit low. '• An f nJ at last ! the echoes of the war — The weary war beyond the western waves- Die in the distance ; Freedom's rising star Beacons above six hundred thousand graves ! " " The graves of heroes who have won the fight— Who, in the storming of the stubborn town, \ Have rung the marriage peal of Might and Eight, And scaled the clitJs and cast the dragon down." The first American fiag over Richmond was not only the testimony of the total suppression of tlio "Slaveliolders' Reliellion," but of the Nation's tri- umpli over Secession, and Nullification State Rights — the Rebel Confederacy. Before the Rebels fired on Sumter, the Stars and Strijjes had been the harbinger of liberty and pros- perity. Tiie R(!be] rag had brought with it and upon its siipportei-s, misery and ruin. Now again " Old Glory ■' floated maie>tically over the destruction wliich the substitution of the Rebel ensign had occasioned — over the waste and woe wrougtit out by the fire and sword, evoked by the South as their chosen ar\)itrators. The display of our Flag on the 3d April, 1865, in the Capital of Virginia, up"n the State fiag- statf. was the token of the termination of four years' inexcusable rebellion against the best Government on earrji. From Baltimor<' to Richmond — to the surrender of Lee and Johnston — Red Hook was al .vaysw orthily and numerously represented. At the firs*^ batile ot Bull Run, a son of Red Hook, Frederic de Peyster. Junior, was present, and dis- charging his duty when tiie Union rear guard re- pulsed the Rebel cavalry like jackalls snai)ping at the heels of the mishandled, overtasked, wounded and exhausted, but unconquered lion. 20 AiiDtlier ollicor, wliu niiglit be said to belong to this district, since for years lie coiniiianded Us Mi- litia, and y the first men ot our Senatorial District. The Colonel sucgeHted for the Isi was AVii.i.iam P. WaixwukjIiT, of'liiiinebeek. in May, 18G1, Major 29th New York Volunteers, then Lieutenant Colonel 54tli New York Volunteers, then Colonel 7(ith New York Volunteers. Tile Colonel of the 2nd was to iiave lieeii Ciiaim.es S. '■'"Waixwkigiit, . f PJiineheek. 12Lh Noveiniier. 18(51. Major 1st June, 18G2. Colonel l^r Moraaii N. Y. Liiriit .\rtillery. ' Ja:mes Mi:i.fo]u>, of Hudson, my dear and valued friend, was designated Coh nel of the Hrd. He was formerly Lieutenant-Colonel of the 22iid N. Y. S. M., and Assistant Adjutant-General, S.N. Y., in tiie Winter of 1855. It is scarcely possilde to diiubt that he owed his deatii to his untiring effort;; in assist- ing Colonel David S. Cowi.es to eomplete the org.m ization of the 43d (?) New York Volunteers. Ctdouel Mii.FoKD iiiially fell a victim, after month-' of indis- position, to lyphoid fever in tin- Fall of 1801. The rejection of tl.is offer, wlien related to the vet- eran General Mansfield, who fell at Antietam, it called forth his indignant remark, that if the war authorilies jiursued such a policy tiie Reliels could not be kejjt South of the Potomac. The months of August and September. 18G1, wit- nessed quite a lively movement i this Town. When, on the 25tii of October, the 20th New York State Militia returned to the field as the 80tii New York Volunteer Lifaiitry, Company B C(unpri>ed twenty- five young men ironiTivoli, Madalin, and their vicinity, besides others in Company A and dispersed throughout the organization. This constitutes one of Red Hook's three representative regiments As tliey will be re- ferred to more at length hereafter, in an ai)propriate' place, let us resume the consideration of individuals who went out froT our midst, rose to iiigh rank, and survived. While thus our sons and brotiiers were stemming the tide of battle on the land, another from Red Hook was assisting to maintain the honor of the Flag in the Gulf and upon the Mississippi's flood. This was CiiAnLEsIlE.vuY Tii,r.or.sox, belonging to araee connect- ed with the glories of th'j war of 1812. As Aide to Cap tain SwAiiTiiouv, of the Portsmouth, he participated in that •' River Figlir," which will live in naval story 23 while iiuvies r'de tlie w:ives. Witli Farragi-t "the Pecrk'ss,-" he assisted in that fearful combat, which K>:-ced the passage of tliose forts which were deemed ti.e impassable barriers of the aseeot to New Orleans. Wl en our unen the 3d and 4th in.st., and it gives me pleasure tusay toyou that he acquitted himself with honor." Finally, it is no more than just t(» cite the language of " Fi(;irriNO Joe" Hooker in regard to this young officer, who received his baptism of fire under his eyes at Williamsburg : "Permit me to recommejid Major J. W. De Peyster for promotion to the brevet ranii ( f lieutenant-colonel. ^[ajor De Peyster entered the service as an aide-de-camp to Major-General Keajjst, 25 atul w.-is fj:reatly distinguished tV)r gidluiitry and good conduct at tlie battle of Williani^bm-g. Siibsequeutly he served under me at the battle of Chancellorsville, Avhere he w as no less remarked fur his coolness and courage, and is, in my judgment, eminently deserving the distinction recjuested for him." Lieutenant-Colonel ve Petstek never recovered from tlie etfects of the fever, and he was honorably dischargjd as of date 14ti) August, 1863. Another son (jf Red Hook next in regular order of events, played a conspicuous part in suppressing the '• Slaveliolders' Rebellion," Louis Livingston, youngest surviving son ot Hou. John S. Livingston, of Tivoli. Appointed additional Aide-de-camp U. S. Army, with tlie rank of captain, he was assigned as senior aide to Brigadier-General, afterward Major-General S. W. Ckavvfoki), of Pennsylvania. At Antietam, his first battle, his courage was so conspicuous that he received the brevet of major; and at Gettysl)urg, the decisive hattle of the war. he is said to iiave accompanied hia general leading a decisive charge, for which he was hrevetted lieutenant-colonel. I have seen a letter in Vhicb his general attested his gallantry in the warmest and most flattering language. In this ch irge General Crawford and his aide. Captain Louis Livingston, were the only two mounted officers in front of the line and were ex[)osed to a double d 'Uger, from the fire of the excited troops following, as well as from that of the opposing Rebel force. General Crawford distinguished himself on this occasion by i-mulating the example of the famous Archduke Charles at Aspern, carrying the ban er of the First Pennsylvania Reserves, which was pierced and torn with bullets, just as the Austrian commander excited the courage of his troops by seizing and bearing forward the co'ors of Zach's veteran Austrian grenadiers. This br ntis me in the regular order of events to September. 1862. Red Hook may hesa d to have had three representa- tive regiments in the field. The first, the Twentieth, I have already alluded to ; the second was the One Hun- dredand twenty-cgbth New York. In the color com- pany, C, of this regiment 21 of our townsmen were pres- ent. This, one of th*- very firstto volunteer, was one of the very last regiments from New York in the LTnited States service. The third was the One Hundred and Fiftieth New York infantry. Its adjutant, Stephen VAN Rensselaer C'pacER * was another of Red Hook's heroic young men. He went out as First Lieu- * A more detailed noticf of 'hi< officer, likewise of Seraeant T. B. Paui-mier and Corporal Peter W. Fu.sk, all ot' l*ed Hook, will ap- pear in the Appendix. 26 tenant of Company F, bat was its nctual com- nianiler at Gettysburg. Subsequently transferred to the staff, be acrjuired the confidence not only of his immediate superiors, I'Ut of all the Generals with whom be came in contact, ofRcially. After partici- pating- in Siif.rman's famous march, he I'eturned in command of Companj- A. In ,2;iving an account of the services of this (his) regiment {IfjOth New York Volunteers). Colonel, now BrigadierGenei-al Ai.krku B. Smith, of Poughkeepsie, bore ample testimony to the merit of young Cruuer. He remaiked : ''Amcmg the wounded at the battle of Ressaca, 14th-15tli May. 18G4, w s our noble Adjutant, now Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, Stephen van Rensselaer Crl- GKR (now Brevet Major F. S. Volunteers. Lieutenant- Colonel New Yolk Volunteers), who was every inch a man and a soldier of the liighe t qualities. He was beloved by all, and maintained th^ brightest record for bravery fortitude and all the qualities that go to make up a man. His wounds were pronounced mortal, but. owing to his irreproachable mode of life and unimpaired constitution, he recovered and re- joined lis at Atlanta, thence marched with us to the coast, and. through Richmond and Washington, home.'' This young officer, aged 20, belonged to the Upper District of Red Hook. It is a pleasant thought for those who are connected with him, to feid that his native town was in him so ably, bravely and worthily represented. Although our immediate vicinity was not numerously represented in this organization, it included many volunteers from the town of Red Hook, but principall}' from the Lower District. One young man of 25, John McGill, of Upper Red Hook, made for himself an honorable record. Two weeks after his enlistment (1st October, 1862), he was made a sergeant (15th October). On the 29th July, 1864, he was promoted to be first or orderly sergeant, and. for meritorious conduct, be was commissioned second lieutenant Company B (30th November), with rank from 6th September, 1864. The last individual to be especially referred to, de- serves a particular mention, if for no other reason than because he went out a private, and returned as first lieutenant, commanding his (color) company (C) in the One Hundred and Twentj^-eighth regiment. His rank dates from 19th December, 1863. His first commission of second lieutenant was conferred for good conduct before Port Hudson, in June and July of the preceding year. He had been made sergeant a few days after the organization of his regiment. In the Spring of 1864, the One Hundred and Twenty - eighth formed part of that ill-planned and ill-starred expedition under B.\nks, suggested or prescribed Vjy 27 the ever blundering- Halleck. Destined to capture Shreveport, disperse Kirby Smith's Trans-Mississippi army, recover Texas, and gather a boundless booty of cotton, it resulted in calamities which fell the most severely on the least deserving of them— the rank and file of the sacrificed troops. Although the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth covered itself with glory, none of its laurels were re- served for the subject of this notice. While his com- rades were fighting, he was tasting the bitterest fruits of captivit}' among the most barbarous of the Rebel barbarians. His experience is woithy of narration and attention. Near Alexandi'ia, Lieutenant Joh.n H. Hagar — de- tached to sui)erintend the loading of a steamer with the Southern staple, inasmuch, as was remarked. PoRTF.R •■ had cotton on the brain" — was taken pris- oner, 28th March, 1804. The in^ idents of his c-ip- tivity are too interesting for omission, since they aftbrd reliable testimony of what our Northern men suffered when they were exposed, without means of resist- ance, to the tender mercies of the wicked, those devils \n human (orm. the bonier Rebels. What is more, his storv is corroborated in the main by the narrative of a cousin of the speaker, William R. Whitmaesh, Marion, Marion County, Ohio. First Sergeant, Ninety-sixth Ohio A^olunteers, who also belonged to Banks's Expedition, and was captured at Mansfield. 8th April, 1864, and likewise was carried into Texas. After his capture, Lieutenant Hagar was marched to Homer, in Nortli -rn Louisiana, and kept in close con- finement for about one month in a log jail eigiiteen feet squ re inside surrounded by guards, and daily tlireatened with all the deviltry of treatment, for which the chivalry were so famous. Thence he was transferred to Shreveport,* on the Upper Red River, the objective of BANKs'scampaign, whicli, through their genera Is blundering, the privates never reached exc( pt as ill treated prisoners. On his way thither Lieu- tenant Hagar was marched 56 miles in 35 hours, on two and a half rations, under a guard of cavalry. On reaching the prison door he was so completely ex- hausted that he not only could not stand, but fell upon the threshold. At this place he was confined, together with 180 rank and file, in a single room, so densely crowded that all could not lie down at one time. ' His food e ch day consisted of but one ration. Tliis comprised a small piece of corn bread about the size of the palm of a man's hand, and three ounces of rotten pork. From Shreveport, Lieutenant Hagar, together with * Third Annual Rejiort of Bureau Military Stntistic--, 1866. rage412. 28 other IJniuu jii'isoners, were goaded on about 110 miles to Cain|) Foi'd, in Tyler Township, Smith County,* in Northeastern Texa-*. Here he was kept lor about live months, up to October 3d, 1864. He was exchanged aijout the time that his < omrades had harvested their laurels in the Shenandoah Valley. The journey from Shreveport to Camp Ford, 110 miles, was performed in Hve days, under a guard of semi-barbarous Texan cavahw. These forced marches were uuide on such rations tiiat it is hard to under- stand how the prisoners maintained sufficient strength to crawl along. Each man received per day two ounces of pt)or bacon, and six ounces of the coarsest corn meal, cob and grain ground up togetlier. Each of the I'exan mounted guards carriecl his larriat (a long cord with a noose) hung at his saddle- bow, and ready for use. If a Union prisoner gave out and fell, too weak to walk, a Texan Ranger would throw this larriat over him, so that the noose would catcii him around the waist or neck, and try and force him on his feet. If unable to totter on, the Texan savage would drag him along the ground. Hagar often saw Union prisoners killed in this way. Not one man recovered or survived who was treated in this barbarous manner. President Johnson is said to have stated that, upon one occasion, the Rebels got him down, choked him until he opened his mouth, and then squirted tobacco juice down his throat. Painful and disgusting as such treatment must have been, it was merciful and decent to that which North- ern men experienced, systematically, from their guards, as ferocious as the wildest Indians. On this march, while passing a settlement. Lieu- tenant Hagak saw a comrade, faint with fatigue and worn down with fever, step desperately out of the ranks, {)ass through a little gate, and enter a front yard, with a guard following him, and a lot of half wild dogs barking and snappiuii around him At th- door stood a woman with a broomstick in her hand. To this female devil he addressed his petition for some- thing to eat to save him from utter starvation, stating how long he had been sick, and how very sick he had been Under similar circumstances Mungo Pakk, the celebrated African traveler, dropped by the wayside in the midst of a district, inhabited by a race whom white men are accustomed to style the mosf savage negroes. Was he left there to perish ? No ! Negro women found him, nursed him, nourished him, anci sent him away cured and reinvigorated. Let us see how a Texan white farmer's wife will * Third Ann. Report Bureau of Military Statistics, 1866. Ps. 413-' 1 7 . 29 compare with a negrcss in the state of nature To our Northern brother's piteous appeal the she-fury replied : '• Get away from ray house you d d Yankee brute; T would not give you a mouthful to eat if you were lying starving at my feet." With this, simultaneously, she struck at him with her broom and set her dogs, less ferocious than she was, at the poor, famished, exhausted, fever-stricken Northerner. There are men in this town, indeed — they are to be talked with every day — who justify and excuse the Rebels. They are willing to vote with them, and vote against their Northern brethren, and, doubtless, would fight, side by side with the Rebels, against them if they had the opportunity. There are rich men at the North feel so — educated men, and they have misled others, well to do and sen- sible in their business, into holding the same wicked opinions. With such experience before us, if they have not a hell in their bosoms, there must he a hell hereafter. The poor p isoner alluded to, was forced back into the ranks and dragged along. At Camp Ford the prisoners were somewhat better treated. They re eived at times a little poor beef, but the rations were never sufficient to satisfy a hearty man. A small man could manage to exist; a large man was always half starved. If any one attempted to escape his treatment was brutal after his capture. The speaker's cousin, a fine, brave fellow, enlisted at the commencement of the war, at Marion, Marion County. Ohio, in the Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteers. He is brother-in-law to a gentleman, Thomas Stkeat- FiELD Clarkson, residing only a few miles from Madalin He did not want a commission, l^>ut for per- sistent gallantry, especially at the siege of Vicks- bu'g, he ro-!e to be First Sergeant of his ccm^pany. Like Lieutenant Hagar, he was captured in the Red River Expediti(m, near Mansfield, on or Mliout the 8th April, 18G4. He, too, was carried into Texas, and con- fined in a prison camp, or corral in that State. He made his • scape, and got away sixty miles, was hunted with bloodhounds, taken, dragged back, and upon his arrival at the prison, was tied up by the thuuibs for fortv-eight hours. This is a terrible punishment, especially for sucli a heavy man as he is, weighing in full health near 200 | ounds. Those who escaped with him and were brought back, in addition to being: tied up bv the thumbs, were flogged like dogs. Sergeant Whitmarsh does not say that he was flogged. A proud man does not like to admit that he has suffered su h an indignitv. * * " ' * * * * * Through these three reg ments, and through itg 30 townsmen scattered over 47 to 50 regiments, Red Hook became and continu d to be connected witli the war in every section of tin- country. * * ■* * " * * ^ Subsequently the One Hundred and Tweuty-eightli formed part of tlie disastrous lied Iliver expedition. It belonged to Emory's famous Nineteenth ( '(M-ps and Groveks distinguished fighting First Division. Tliis corps and this division saved the Army, and on various occasions, where o'her regiments were compelled to give way, the One Hundred and Twenty -eightli ti^- trieved the fate of the day. AV'hile ti wounded from the neighborhood. Subsequently it was cominaded by Colonel, now Brevet Brigadier- General, Theodoke B. Gates, whom his men looked np to as a father. General Gates testifies that ''this (his) regiment was a model of discipline and good con- duct, as orderly in camp as it was brave and efficient in battle." Gener 1 Patrick, af ervvards Provost Marshal- General of the Army of the Potomac, who had it in his brigade in 18G2, was never satisfied until he got it i)ack under him after he had been transferred to a more extensive, difficult and influential sphere His opinion of it was as high, if not higher, than that of its immediate commander. •' Nine color-bearers (2d Ann. Eep. Bur. Mil. Stat., 1805, p. 165) fell under its National Flair at the second Bull Run, and the regi- ment lost 35 killed and 232 wounded, in the campaign of 1862. while fighting under these colors."' Under McDowell, ^IcClell.^n, Popk. Burnsioe, Hooker, 32 Meade, and Grant it was present in almost every battle tbuf^lit by the Armj' of the Potomac. They participated in the operations which reopened and kept open the road to Washington n the Spring of 1861. and m the taming of rebellious and blood- stained Baltimore. This was one of the boldest feat.s of audacity which the annals of war record. They garrisoned belea-iuered Washington and did their duty gloriously in the first disastrous conflict of Bui Run — disastrous b cause it was accepted as a defea by a general wlio, neither at that time nor any future time, showed that he was capable of making himself the possessor of liis soldiers' confidence. A general who cannot win the affections of his subordinates and in- spire them with a saving faith in his ability is not the general to acC'Unplish great things either for his coun- try'.s glor}' o\- his own reputation, however high a rank he may hold ms a strategist or as a tactician. Still in justice it must be said that few plans of operations were more ably conceived than those which emanated frurn the brain and pen of General McDowell in July, 1861. His subsequent and subordinate movements, liowever, were so faulty, and his troops so bidly handled that the boastful aggressive which was to carry " Old Glory " on and into Richmond, terminated t The regiment left Kingston, N. Y., October 28, 1861 ; was attached to Wadsworth's brigade, McDowell's division ; and, during the Winter of 18()l-2, lay at Upton's Hill, Va. There appears to be no Annual Report which is acces';ible for 1801. This egiment advanced to Centreviile with the Army of the >'"toinao Marcti lo, 1862; returned to Upton's Hill March 16th ; left Bailey's Cross Roads, April 4th, under General Patrick ; reached Falmouth, April 19th, being the 2d brigade to arrive ; crossed the Rappahannock May 18th, and was the first and only brigade which at that time entered Fredericksburg, and was picketed on the heigh s in sight of the enemy ; started by the overland route for Richmond May 26th, but when eii/hl miles oat was ordered to the Shenandoah Valley af cr " Stonewall" Jackso.n ; from Haymarket returned to Falmouth, via Warrenton, arriving on the 24th of June ; crossed to Fredericksburg with the 21st Xew York Volunteers, .July 28th, and established a chain of sentinels entirely around the city, cutting off its communication with the surroundinar country ; marched for Culpepper, August 9th, to join Pope on the Rapidan ; retreated from the Rapidan, August 19th ; engaged at Norman's Ford on the Rappahannock August 21st, loss ten killed and wounded ; at Sulphur Springs August 26th, loss six wounded ; inarched fir Centieville Augmt 27th. Our division i King's), 6 000 strong, engaeed the enemy under "Stonewall"' Jackson, 30th August, at Manassas, second Bull Run, where the regiment lost 248 killed, wounded and captured out of 420 engaged ; returned to Cetreville, and, in Doubi.eday's division, just oa Kearny's right, engaged at Chantilly September 1st, loss sixteen killed and wounded out of ninety ; returned to Upton's Hill Septerabtr 2d ; marched into Maryland September 7th, and engaged at South Mountain, without loss ; and also at Antietam, loss forty-seven killed and wou ded out of 127 engaged ; crossed into Virginia October 30th, and marched towar^ts Fredericksburg ; took part in the bittle of 13th and 14rh and t.5th of Decomb'T. January 9, 1863, the brigade to which it belonged was detailed as Provost Guard of the Array of the Potomac, and continued on that duty at Aquia Creek, Va. For full and fur- ther details of the " Movements, Service and Discipline " of his reg- iment, during the years 18fi2-'3-'4-'5, until mustered out, fee Appev- oix. 33 in a rout which, although more partial than was rep- resented at the time by prejudiced writers, was sufficiently complete to convert that advance to an assured victory into a humiliating retreat back within those defences thrown up for the preservation of our capital. The representatives of our town upon that occision were not among the Hying thousands, and one of them, Assistant Surgeon Fkederic de Peyster, Junr., saw the last shots fired which repulsed the pursuing enemy, and onl}' retired in obedience to imperative orders. Our gallant boys were with the •* unready " McClel- LAN in the Peninsula and shared in all the labors, privations, and dangers which — had it depended upon the valor and fortitude of the Northern soldiers and not upon the incapacity of their commander — would have carried the Stars and Stiipes triumphantly into Richmond. At Antietam, " the corps commanders' battle," the first acknowledged ch-ck upon the victorious on-march of the famous Army of Northern Virginia, our fellow- townsmen bore their part in the burthen and heat of ^that decisive day. Again, at Gettysburg, that '• soldiers' battle," that turning point at the East — parallel ^s a crisis to Rosecrans's great victory at Stone River, at the West — a green regiment from our Senatorial District, in which this town had numerous representatives, baptized its young eagle in the min- gled blood of its victorious brethren and the discomfited foe. Gettysburg may well be styled the " soldiers" battle," since it canno' justly be conceded to the strategy or grand tactics — antecedent to the conflict, or during its three days' continuance — of either the supreme commander of the Army of the Potomac, or any of its nrominent leaders. That the desperate in- vasion o' North -rn soil by that vaunted Army of Northern Virginia, which claimed to hav conquered so brilliantly at Chancellorsville, was arrested ; that Pennsylvania was delivered ; that the omnipotent Lee was hurled '•ackwitii disastrous losses across the Poto- mac ; was due remotely and in some degree to the ad- mirable organization of Hooker, but immediately and almost entirely to the patrioti m and moral energy of those Northern masses which had followed up the R'bels wif n thestrid ;s of a giant, and after overcoming every labor and privation, primary- vicissitudes which a soldier is called upon to endure, had consummated their glorious work with their valor — a quality which the threat professor of the military art pronounced as but secondary to those properties which test the for- titude and moral strength of an army. Some persons who have not given a close a tention to the subject have stigmatized the battle of Chan_ 34 ceII()!sviIFe as a defeat. It was indeed a rrrerse for (Mir arms, and. in some points of view, a disaster. In many respects, however, it was equivalent to a victory, because, although our loss was great, we inflicted h still greater loss upon the Rebels.* Their loss they could not afford to suffer, particulary the loss of Stonewai.i. Jackson. That alone was equivalent to a depletion of 10,000 men. Ev- n as at Sliiloh, the matured brain of the Kebel military power was par- alyzed in the death of Albkrt SvnxF-Y Johnston, even so at CJhanceliorsville, its right arm was lopped off in the fall of Stonewall Jackson. The soldiers of the Army of the Potomac were not disheartened by the failure, the reverse or defeat, whatever the critics may be pleased to term it, of 28th April to Gth May, 18Go. They neither lost heart nor had their pluck been diminished by it. Hooker's con- fidence in himself and in his soldiers was as great after as before tiie battle, lie showed it l)y repeating almost word for word the ideas embodied in that general order issued by the indomitable Bi.i'chee — that Prussi .n hero cast in the same mould as Hookkk, after his parallel reverse in June, 1815. The conclud- ing words of this order strikingly and characterisiic- ally manifested the confidence of the general in his patriotic troops. It was issued to the Prussian Army on the morning after the bloody conflict at Ligny. which, in results, might be said to correspond with Hooker's failure in the Wilderness. '■■ d i^/ia/I imme- diately lead you (again) against the enemy ; ue shall beat him hecansi- it is* onr duty to do so." Both Generals we e justified in their conclusions. The Army of the Potomac — our brothers in the 20th N. Y. S. iSI.. in the 150th N. Y. V., in the 1st N. Y. Light Artillery, in every regimen wherein they were to be found — proved this. Yes, as Greeley remarks with so much truth, "Whatever his faults. Hooker was loved and trusted by his soldi rs, who knew less of Meade, and h((d less faith in him. Had that army been polled, it would have voted to flgi't the impend- ing battle under Hooker icithont the aid of French's 11,000 men, rather than under Meade with that re- enforcement." Oh, what a spectac'e of invincible determination did our Northern brethren in arms present at Gettys- burg. Philosophy and freedom of thought which had found shelter under the Stars and Stripes, now repaid their debt. How magnificent in its impregnability of ♦Examine Monograph (50 copies printed) " Chancellorsvim.k XMD ITS Krsi'lts." Or " Major-General Joseph Hookkb in command of tho AiTTiy of the Potomac," by Anchor (Brevet Major-General J. Watts Dk Pkyster), etc., etc., N. Y., 1.S6.5, particularly pages 11, 12, 13, etc. 35 moral .strength that long curved line of "Ijoys in blue" crowned the heights of Gettysburg, cropping ont like granite ridges along the crest of a mountain range. The hills them.selves were not more firmly rooted tlian the loyal lines. Their physical vigor — unshaka- ble as it proved— was not as dangerous to the enemy as the determination of their souls to conquer, there, or die. The Rebels" shouts sounded on the distant ear, like the ominous roar of breakers driven by the tempest, bur.sting in thundering shocks upon the shore. Like waves, following in quick .succession, the Rebel lines of attack appeared to roll upon o r opposing loyal ranks. The curling smoke resembled the foam and spray thrown up by the mighty billows as they dash themselves to pieces on the granit- ledges and beetling crags of an iron-bound coast. For three day.s long that storm continued to rage with a violence un- equalled in the four years' war. Our devoted lines of battle seemed nimost swallowed up, at times, in the tumultuous onset of the desperate Rebel hosts. In vaiu, however, did Lee's maddened masses chafe and fret away their strength against the impregnable barriers of the sons of freedom. Tlie xVrmy of the Potomac stood proudly unmoved and invincible in this the supreme crisis of the nation. Thej^ could not be sliaken ; they conquered, for every regiment stood based upon the sacred principle of honor, discipline and duty, and the brigades and divisions were cemented together by the ties of patriotism and the impulse of national glory. Our yeomanry soldiers set up the pillars of the L^nion on the field of Saratoga, 1777. Our Xiirtiiern army re- stablished those col- umns again, and immutably, on the heights of (Jettys- burg, 186.'5. .Vbout the same time another regiment from < in- Senatorial District, 128th. was playing a notable part on war's checker-board upon the banks of the '• father of waters," where it lost its respected i.nd lamented Colonel. He was one of those rare men who, bke Lucui.i.us and other Romans, left the forum for the camp, and — in a like manner, but in a smaller de- gree and upon a much more circumscribed space — displayed an aptitude for military command. He dis- tinguis' ed himself as much in hiss])here as a sagacious organizer aitd strict disciplinarian in the camp as lie showed himself an able commander and l)rave soldier in the Held. One company of this regiment was re- rruited in a great degree in this locality. Of the brave youth who went forth from our midst at that time, all did their duty well, and the majority acquitted themselves with the highest credit in the different stations to which they were assigned and promoted. Having thus disposed of the history of the regi- 36 ment to which uur neighbors and friends first con- tributed recruits (20th N. Y. S. M.), the next which c aims our attention is one which may be considered pe- culiarly our own, since the N. E. corner of the Upp'er District of tiie Town of Red Hook contri))uted 21, nearly one-half of Company C ; and the very village in which the Memorial Stone is located, supplied one-quarter of that same company as the result of an impromptu meeting: for the purpose of pro- moting volunteering. What is more, a youth of this neighborhood, between fifteen and sixteen, Johnston Livingston de Peyster, a pupil of the Highland Military College, was the officer w.th whom our brave young men enlisted ; and, had he not been tricked out of the rewards of his labor, he would have commanded Company C, (even as he did command it for a few days in camp at Hudson), until he had either been killed or wounded at the head of his men, or promoted for good service. What should make the following narrative of this regiment so interesting to this auditory is the fact, that the incidents are mainly derived from a gallant young man who was among the first to enlist, and went forth from us as a private, was made a sergeant about a month afterwards, and returned in command of his company wearing the shoulder-straps of a First Lieu- tenant. ' What is more, through self-denial and good conduct, and by s'rict economy, he was not only en- abled to pay for the support of hs family during his absence, but to retain sufficient, after the payment of his debts, to be enabled, by the judicious investment of the remainder, to place himself in possession of a farm. This volunteer, who furnished the particulars which have served as the framework of this regimental biography, may be looked upon as a perfect type of a sensible, judicious, brave American soldier; and the same remark will apply to almost every one enlisted at that time from this vicinity. Among them are men whom it is un honor to take by the hand, and say to any one standing by, "This brave man is a type of our countrymen ; he has dcme his duty worthily by his comrades and to his c untry. He s a fair specim*»n of an American soldier, such as no other country can produce." The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment was ortranized and mustered at Hudson, 4th Septem- ber 18(32. and despatched at once to Baltimore. It remained in that city from the 7th Septemi'er to the 5th November. From Baltimore it was transported to Fortress Monroe, and there shipped on board the ocean steamer Arago. There were 1,500 men, in- cluding the whole One Hundred and Twenty-eighth reo'iment aid four companies of the One Hundred and Foiirteenth New York Volunteers, on board this 37 transport, besides the crew, which must have swelled the number to about 1 ,000. As may well be supposed, sickness soon followed such close packing, and, doubt- less, had :» good effect in making anti-slaver}' votes, since those who experienced the results could form, at once, some idea of the horrors of the Middle Pass- age in tiie palmy days of the Slave Trade. Fortunately science, though it cannot prevent, can still mitigate and cure the wrongs arising from the in- humanity of man to man. It does not appear that any of the One Hundred and Twentj-eighth died, but they suffered immensely, since there was not only a great many cases of typhus and typhoid fever and nifasles nmong them, but also of that dreadful malady, the smallpox. After a voyage of 1,000 miles, they reached Ship Island, famous as tlie t)riginal rendez- vous of Butler's forces previous to the capture of New Orleans in the previous Spring of 1802. Thence they were transferred to the Quarantine Station, on the Mississippi, just above the fanums defences of that river. Fort Jackson and Fort Philip, between which F.\RRAGUT forced his way to unsurpassed tri- V umph, and eighty miles below the " Crescent Cit\'." Next they encamped at Chalmetfe, on "Old Hick- ory's," that is AxDiiKw Jackson's, famous battle ground in 1815 ; and then they were stationed at Camp Parapet, a few miles above New Orleans. While »t the front, Colonel D. S. Cowles. of Hud- son was placed in command of a brigade, which in- cluded the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth, with orders to cross Lke Ponchartrain, and proceed up Pearl R ver This stream constitutes the dividing line, at that point, between the States of Louisiana and Mississippi. The object of this expedition was to discover facilities for getting out lumber. In their first skirmish our boys killed, wounded and captured fifty Rebels ; and on their return they brought ba- k as prizes three schooners and one steamboat loaded with cotton, tar, etc. Here the remark may be permitted, that one of the most unjust features of this whole war has been the concession (>f the right of prize-money to the Navy, without any similar equivalent to our " Boys in Blue." A sailor in realitj' undergoes nothing like the labors, privations, sufferings and dangers to which a soldier is necessarily exposed. Oftentimes his cap- tu'es are unattended by any p-rilous circumstances. In many cases he is a mere eye-witness of a chase in wh'oh he can scarcely be termed a participant. On the other hand, the soldier scarcely ever makes a cap- ture which is remunerative, without long previous labors, either in marches, or in constructing works, and without undergoing many other dangers, beside 38 the risk of life or woundi!. Had tlio prize-money whicli our Army earned been distributed to that Ann}', many of our young men would have brought home sufficient to make them comfortable for life, or, at all events, sufficient, with economy, to place themselves and their families beyond the reach of want. Time will not permit me to dwell upon this bloody siege in which the One Hu 'dred and Twenty-eighth lost its estimable colonel, but I cannot refrain from mentioning a iraver than a tiger; not even the li(m is as brave. So this comparison of George to the tiger is by no means a small compliment, especially when a man has won the ri^ht to such a title on the battle- field. And yet, he was as gentle and generous, as he was brave, to his sick comrades. It was this Aict, the knowledge of this volunteering for this Forlorn Hope, which led to the consideration of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth as the repre- sentative regiment of this neighborhood. Judge as men will, there is verily reason to believe that our brethren were preserved upon so many occasions be- cause our Father in Heaven spared them to us as ex- amples for imitation as soldiers in the field and as citizens at home. This Forlorn Hope was to assault the Rebel works on the night of the 3d July. Orders had been issued for them to move forward at midnight of that date. They were actually formed in order of attack, and never did men evince a firmer determination to do or die than the suldiers composing those two devoted battalions. At the very moment they expected the orders to ''forward," the assault was countermanded. Banks had received assurances i)f the certain, immedi- ate, surrender of Vicksburg, and he knew that the fall of Vicksburg involved the capture of Port Hudson. Such circumstances would not justify another assault. Banks, personally, is a very brave man; he is an able politicion or statesman, but he has not proved a great general. Those who served under him say that he had no confidence in his troops, and his troops had no con- fidence in his generalship. Greeley considers that his loss in forty five days before Port Hudson amount- ed to 3,000 men. On the 8th of July, the two battadcms forming the Forlorn Hope were the first troops to enter the sur- rendered Rt-bel works. They were composed of men from eight different States, loyal States, and if ihey did not march into Port Hudson arm-in-arm like the delegates of South Carolina and Mas>achusetts, amid the iiypoeiitical tears of a humbug convention, they marched in elbows toiici)ing, a much firmer bond of 42 military union than any political arni-in arm, amid the admiring clieers of the rest uf their Armv, who knew how to estimate their worth. The men of Tivoii and of Madalin had volunteered into the color company of the battalion, and they entered Port Hudson with the Stars and Stripes Hoa ing over tiieir heads to the tunes of" Yankee Doodle,'' and " Hail Columbia,'" and the " Star Spangled Banner.'' The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth ever after had a varied and extensive theatre on whicii to play Its part Its Hrst scene of active duty was in tiie valley of the Mississippi, and it participated in ever}' one but one of the l)ru a! and futile assaults upon Port Hudsun. From Port Hudson the One Hundred and Twenty- eighth was ordered to Baton Rouge, whither th y escorted 56 (42 ?) pieces of artillery. Betwc'-n 4 p. m. of the 11th, and '^ A. m. of the 12th, they marched 27 (25?) miles. Thence they were ordered to Fort Btitlei% Donaldsonville, on the Mississippi, to restore the Union affairs in that vicinity. The Te.xan Cav- alry General ((irkkn) had attacked the Unit)n forces stationed at that point, and had whipped them. " The brigade to which the One Hundred and Twenty- eighth was attached was sent to restore affairs, and upon their ai'rival cleaned the Texaus out." Tiie next station of the regiment was Old Hickory Landing, on the Mississippi, about eight miles above Fort Butler. Here they received orders to join Franklin's Texan Expedition, in September, 1863. Fortunately the orders were countermanded, and they were sent back to Baton Rouge. This failure of Franklin was, perhaps, one of the most disgraceful of the war. Througii some one's inefficiency thei-e was so much suffering, that the One Hundred and Twenty- eighth may be thankful it did not constitute a part of his command. Had the wind risen and blown a gale off shore, one-half of the troops, if not the greater por- tion, would have perished of thirst, the most horrible of deaths, or of hunger, or by drowning. * # * " * " * + * Greelev sums up this matter in a few words of grim humor: "Instead of taking these poor earth- works at Sabine Pass, defended by a Captain and 2oU Rebels, or even trying, Franklin— ^/u?t/<,7 no place tu laud where he mir/ht not get his feet wet — slunk meekly back to New Orleans, leaving the Texans to exult, very fairly, over a fruitful victory gained against odds of at least twenty to one.'' Although the opinion of private soldiers in regard to a general may be deemed of little weight, it, never- theless, has its weight. Several of the privates or non-commissioned officers who served under Frank- 43 i-iN, and furnished materials for this and accom- panying sketches, sa}^ he displayed little military ability. One Sergeant Charles R. McNiff added, '• he never heard a man speak well of him." The same men dissected Banks's character, as well as those who held liigher positions, and thought Emoky, Dwioht and Grover were as good gen- erals as any in the armies they served with. Grover, who commanded a division in the Sixth Corps, in 1864, was oneof Hooker's generals, and the men of ihe One Hundred and Twenty-eighth, who formed part of his command, remarked he was a '• very dashing' (Ivearnv type?) man, adding, he '•seemed satisfied best when up to his neck in hlood.'' The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth lay at Baton Rouge until the 17th of March, 1864. It was now commanded by Colonel James Smith, of Pough- kee[)sie. The regiment which had left Baltimore six- teen months previously 950 strong, was now reduced tt) 300 fit for duty. Nevertheless, wonderful to relate, not one man from our district had as yet lost his life by sickness o any casualty. This exemption from sick- ness speaks volumes in favor of the morality of our men, if nothing else. And here it seems proper to re- mark, not one of our Red Hook men died from dis- ease during their whole three yeai-s' service. One John van Etten, an old man, died of co gestive chills, at Savannah, after he was mustered out. Durinii- the previous Win'er, 186r)-'4, Lieutenant Hagar, with eighty men, including our Company C, had been acting as 'a River Patrol, guarding, scouting, iind preventing smuggling and contraband trade on the Mississippi. On oneoccasion thirteen of our men, while stationed in Louisiana, wentou: thirteen miles into the enemy's territory, staid out two days, ransacked a Rebel vil- lage, and brought back $30,000 worth of contraband Koofls destined for the use of the Rebel army. S * * *■ * * * In March, 1864, the One Hundred and Twenty- eighth was back again at Baton Rouge, and started thence in the same month, to form part of Banks' madly planned, and as badly executed, and ill-fated Red River expedition. Every one connected with this op ration, who could control its movements, seem t> have contributed thereto all their folly and none of their judgment. It began in miscalculation and it ended iii disaster. The part played by the One Hun- dred and Twenty-eighth stands "forth, however, amid the gloom like a principal star amid the constellation formed by Emory's brilliant regiments. The Union forces reached Natchitoches, 150 miles 44 by water above Alexandria, 2d and 3d April, 18C4. Between these towns the march of 55 to 65 miles had been one continued sUirniish. On the Gth of April " forward " was the word, and Feanklin's command led off" westwarp(>rt, on tho Atchafalaya, and thence to the Mississippi, the One Hundred and Twenty eighth was eonstantly engaged skirmishing with tJie enemy, and acting like feelers for the Army which followed. They were in an action at Mansura on Marksville Plain, IGth May, and in a second affair at the Yellow Bayou (Grosse-tete District). Here the Rebels, under a French nobleman. Prince Policnac. attacked our tear, the 19th May, 1864, about daylight, and got tremendously flogged. Our '-Boys " lay in ambush to receive them, and the One Hundred and Twenty- eighth had very few casualties, whereas the Rebels suffered a heavy loss in killed, wounded, and pris- oners. Aft'^r this the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth was stationed at jNIorganza, 175 miles above New Orleans, then at Algiers, opposite that city, and then in that city itself. Thence w th the rest of Emory's corp.s on the 19th, it was ordered to Grant before Petersburgh and Richmond. Simultaneous with its arrival in Hampton Road?, Eakly struck at Washington. Thus, opportune- ly, fnmi the Army of the Mississippi the One Hundred and Twenty-eigi'th was transferred back to the Atlan- tic Slope to reinforce the Army of the Potomac. It arrived at Fortress Mnnroe just in time to save the National capital in July, 1864. It was then assigned to the Army of the Shenandoah, and was present ^nd distinguished itself in almost every skirmish and in every battle won by fiery Phil. Sheridan. The following verse, a perfect piece of word paint- ing, is too appropriate to be omitted. Still full of praise and fire as it is, it scarcely presents a full por- traiture of great little Phil , who glorious as he rode at the head of his troopers, was just as eminent in the conduct of an army or the administraticm of a depart- ment ; more eminent in his refusal to falsifj' facts in his reports of the New Orleans massacre, to save the reputation of his superior, an apostate President : Sheridan, Shvridan, Cavalry Sheridan '. Him of the horses and sabres I sing, Look how I e drove them 1 Look, how he clove them ! Sabred, belabored, confused and confounded. The- whole Rebel rout, as they fell back astounded At the fierce stride and swing Of our men galloping ; Shouting with vengea' ce, roaring with laughter. Cheering with victory, as they plunged after SuKKiDAN, Sheridan, Cavalry Sheridan '■ Attracted by its efficiency and valor, this able and audacious general, of the true Kearnv stamp, made the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth his body or headquarters' guard. To have satisfied such 48 a fighting commander demonstrates that it must haxe been a hard fighting regiment. As a proof of tliis, the day before the battle of Cedar Creek, it numbered 300 men and had received 80 recruits. On the day after the battle it p raded 70 efi\?ctive», 10 less than tlie reinforcement added to it 48 iiours previously. Th's will do for the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth. Regiments as good, it would not be just to s y there wer not, but better there were none. ****** To those who are desirous of following ont the career of the 128th more in detnil, the following par- ticulars may prove interesting: Eai:i.t made liis dash upon Washington, 12th Tuly, 1804. Witliout debarking, the 12Sth. still (19th) on board tlie Daniel Webster, was ordered up tht? Chesapeake Bay and Potomac, and arrived (24th July) just jn time to assist in preserv- ing our Capital, and very nearly in time to catch and crush Eakly. Notwithstanding Eaki.t's repulse, ho hovered upon the Potomac, and sent out that cavalry raid which laid Cliamhershurg in ashe«. On this, the 19th Corps was ordered to Monoc- acy Junction, thence to Ilarper's Ferrj^ and thence- forth made part of the Army of the Shenandoah, oc- cupying successively IlalUown, Charlestown, Berry- ville, Winchester, Middletown. But this is antici- pating. When SnERiDAN took the command, he re- organized the 8th and 19tli Corps, merging the former in the latter. This was in August, 18G5. In the next month, September, that famous cam- paign coinmenct'd whose first great batrle, Winches- ter, sent Eakly whirling up the valley, and ended with the devastation of that region which had hitiier- to been synouomoiis with abundance, and had almost served as a gran.iry for the constantly retm-uingEebel armies. In the skirmish at Berryville, or Battle Town, 13th September, and in a previous spirited brush between Halltoivn and Charlestown, the 128tli was the first to lead off, and took a lively part in the dance. After two or three hours' skiimish at Berryville, the 128th lay all night, in a drenching rain, in line of battle, as it had fought tlie previous day. In the morning it fell back and threw np works, which wu'_d)r dc-- 49 p-irattly in the battle of Winchester, also, vai-iously styled, of the Opequnn, from the oreok on whose bank it'occun-etl ; or of Bunl'crs Hill, a limestone ridge, a')ont ten miles west of Winchestei-, wl:ere the Rebel right was posted, wliich flank was tirst attacked. In this battle, Guoyeu's division of the 19th Corps, "still gl)rying ill its achievements, at Port Hudson, on the Mississippi, and at Pleasant Hill " (and Cano River Heiglits), "'on the Red River," did most des- perate fighting. The Di\ ision. including the 128th, was in the advance, and the 128th was in the tirst line. They left camplOih September, 2 a. m., and advanced, skirmishing continuously, until 1 p. m., when orders were given to assault the Rebels' strong position. The Federal losses in tliis attack were iieavy, and fell chiefly on the leading division. Here it was that one of oar Upper District men, Peter Dwyer, or '^yer, was killed, and Geokge F. Simmons very severely wounded. Simmons was tlio right general guide, and was in advance carrying the marker or guidon— a small American llag with the number of the regiment in its centre. He was flrst shot tlirough the left foot. Tho ball broke all the bones of the small toes. Notwith- standing his pain and faintness. he remarked that as his musket was loaded he would take a last shot at the Rebels before he fell back. While tiring, a second ball tore through his right foot, breaking tiie bones of his liig toe and those of the two nest. His only, th.iught was now to save the little American flag which he carried, and he actually tottered off" to the, rear on his heels, and thus preserved it. His company Avent into action thirfy-tliree >troDg. When he was hit, seventeen of them had been already killed or wounded. After his defeat at Winchester, 19th September,. Early fell l)ack to Fisher s Hill and assumed a posi-, lion regarded as the very strongest in the Shenandoah: Valley. Here he was attacked by Sheridan on tho 22d. The assault ot the Rebel left was assigned to the 19lh Corps. The 114th, 116th and 128th N. Y.. Volunteers led the way in skirmish order. These three regiments together comprised oidy 500 men.: Neverllieless. such was tleii- impetuosity that they converted what was intended simply as a cover foiv the main attack into an actual attack. Sweeping in skirmish order over the Rebel works, they cai)tureda whole Rebel brigade and 1,500 muskets stacked. Thus quickly and effectually the 128th and two others so'ved their i)roblem. Tliere is no need c)f going into further particulars of this ca'i'paigi.. It is well known how Sheridan fol- 50- ]owed up Early, " rubbing him graduallj out " until Early hiul fallen back into the passes of the Blue Ridge. Thereupon Shkkidan, huving laid waste the ShenauHli Valley, withdrew to Cedar Creek, near Strasburg. Having been reinforced by 8,000 fresli troops from Kiclmiond, Early resumed the offensive, and tell u|)on us like a thunderbolt at Cedar Creek. In this surprise and battle, on the 18th October. 186-4, the 128th sulfered severely. After that wonder- ful recuperative victory, the 128tli (Mmld only muster 70 men out of the 300 who were in line when the tight began. This is the more remarkable >inee they had received 80 recruits — none, however, from the Uppei" District of Red Hook — n the 17th October, the day previous to the battle, so that in reality tiiey counted (on the 19th) 10 eftectives less than the reinforcement which they liad received 24 hours previous. In this connection it is worthy of remembrance that Grover's famous, lighting, first, infantry di- vision, which landed at Washington in July, and com- menced its lighting on tlie 19th September, 7,000 strong, on the 20th of Octolier, 31 nd tlir- holding, which freed the Mississippi; the third, the One Huiidred and Fiftieth, with the Army of the Centre, the conquering aud avenging. The One Hundred and Fiftieth had its baptism of fire at Gettysburg, 'the soldiers battle'' — the Waterloo of the -'Slaveholders' Rebellion," its appropriate title, which has been properly placed as the chosen inscrip- tion upon the memorial erected by this " immediate neighborhood" to its patriotic defenders. Thence the One Hundred and Fiftieth was transferred to Ten- nessee and soon came under that '' Passer of the Mountains," Sherman. " To bold Demetkius, Greece in tnles and ditties, Ascribed the title " Capturer of Citie*," — Thine be the appellation Russian Diebitsch bore " The Passer of the Mountains !" — Despi'e of armies, guns nnd all the craft of war; — Thou, who, like Leman-born, impetuous Rhone, Fed by far-distant Alpine fountains, Qorg'd by the furious winter rains. Roll'd through the Apalachian chains, Whirl'd, tore through Georgia's bulwark zone, — And in a surge of men, of cannon, steel and flame. Burst like a pent-up flood on Macon's fertile p ains " Hk -who BRkAKS THROUGH 1HK Alleqhaniks" be thy name ! "Atlanta's taker !" Sherman ! Expert in War's dread game." Even as at Gettysburg it had inaugurated its career by the capture of cannon, even so it performed first- class work m every battle of that stupendou.s cam- paign — " The ad ranee to Atlanta, a combat each mile. The supplying our troops one long battle the while,"- in the romantic gorges of the Apalachian Mountains. With Sherman it swept through Georgia with the dignity of a triumphal procession. " By Heaven ! 'twas a gala marcb, 'IVms a pi3-nic or a plav ! Of all our long w r 'twas the crowning arch, llip ! hip ! lor Shehman's way ! Of all our long war thiscrownel the arch^ For Sherman and G/.ant hurrah 1" AVith Sherman it wa? at Savannah and assisted in tiiat magnifictMit capture, wliicli enabled liini to pres- ent such a Christmas gift to the Nation as was never before presented by a general to a President. With Sherman it swept through South Carolina like the scythe of death driven by lhe wing of the destroying angel. With Sherman it again confronted Joe Jonx- STON, on the western slopes of the .Mloghanies, as tri- nniphanly as it had, in the previous year, in the defiles and western valleys of that range. With Sherman it ninrched homewards, through Richmond and through Washington, amid the grateful apjdause of the Nation, and the admii-ation of all who had studied its achieve- ments in fighting and endnrance.* Other regiments and other cominands constituted lesser links in the chain of connection betiveeu Red Hook and the Union Armies. Citizens of Red Ilook served in the N. Y. First Artillery, in which, as already mentioned, lirevet Colonel De Peyster, Avas Junior Major, 1862-'3. This regiment was commanded by Coionel, now Brevet Brigadi?r-General, Charles S. Wainwright, who in 1850 and 1851 was the chief of a splendid section of artillery in this district. This able officer whose guns saved us on the afternoon of the first day, July 1, 1863, at Gettysburg, performed Ins. first service with artillery in this vicinity. He might almost be claimed as one of our representative men. His regiment was present in forty-tive battles. One company, filled with recruits from Dutchess County, amo!:g whom were men from Red Hook, deserves a special mention. It performed notable service, with those little, spiteful mortars kno.vn as Ccehorns, at the siege of Petersburg and Richmond. The men learned to handle their pigmy engines of destruction with a celerity and dexterity which must have heen as grati- fying t^t) the Union troops as it was atmoying and fatal +.0 the Rebels. Thus from 21st April, 1861, down to 6th February, 1806, men of Red Ilook were under arms protecting, ennoliling, and maintaining the Rights of the North,, the Unity of the Nation, the Liberties of the People, and the Honor of their Flag. As Engineers, as Ivglit and Heavy Artillery, as Cavalry, as Mounted, Blue legired and Red-legiied Infantry, as members of the Medical and General ttatf, citizens of Red Hook dis- * For a detailed history of the 130th Regiment, N. Y. Volunteer In- fantry, see Appendix. 53 charged their duties as soldiers, as ofBcers, and as citizens faithfully to their Country, gloriously to tlio Union, and creditably to themselves. May their laurels be immortally green ! " The soldier's glory lives in story, His laurels grow green as his locks g^ow gray." Let Eed Hook never be wanting in gratitude to her soldiers. ******* I now approach the most sad and solemn portion of my duty — the consideration of the crippled and suf- fering invalid and the requit^m of the dead. Before entering upon the subjects of our invalids and mar- tyrs, it is fitting to observe that the War is not an unmixed evil. There is an immense deal of good mingled with its miseries. It develops the manliness of a people, and tempers them as iron is converted into steel. Bu., setting aside the mere physical advan- tages of war, its mural influences arc no less striking upon the intellectual qualities of men. To have par- ticipated in this conflict is to have witness* d some of the most gigantic improvements in mechanics. Verily, it might be said that in our four years' conflict, War de- rived its grandest forces from an abnormal applica- tion of the Arts of Peace, and its greatest resources from prostituted efforts of Industr}-. Thus Peace in turn will receive a new impulse and find fresh sonrces of wealth in the vcr}^ inventions which owe their origin to the necessities of war. Even as in common life. just as Birth, and Life, and Death walk hand in hand, and mutually succeed and assist each other, even so War and Peace, or Destruction and Reproduc- tion (sad as it is to contemplate the truth), minister to human progress, and constitute the elements re- quisite for the healthy development of a Nation. What is more, the National soldier can look abroad with pride and witness the effects of our Civil War upon Foreign War. An iron-clad Navy had its prac- tical birth in our conflicts. Our Monitors are the models for the world. Our Ndval system stands first in the world, humbly to be imitated by the hitherto superior Naval Powers. From a third-rate, at best a second-rate, Naval Power, we bave risen so high, that, relatively, former first-class Powers have sunk as far below our former condition. Such a chamre is unex- ampled in the world since the Romans, a military power, by one effort surpassed the Carthas;enian.s, essentially a naval one. And all this was due, not to the Government officials, but to the mechanical adaptativeness and intelligence of our people. Again, even as the Old World received a new impulse a century since from this our New World, which im- .54 pulse was the day-dawn of liberal institutions to tie Old World, even so our Civil War has been an ex- ample to the Prussians, which has wrought out the deliverance of three parts of Middle Europe, and over- thrown the greatest despotism which has ever ex- isted — that Austrian despotism which was based on enslaving not only the bodies and minds, but the very souls of men. The ideas — Civil, Political and Mii- tary — which were learned in our American Revo- lutionary struggle by Foreign Officers, who served under Washington, and were carried back by them to Europe, led to. the great French Revolution. These ideas occasioned its Declaration of Rights and Principles, and determined their success. For this the down-trodden millions of Europe owe to our Fathers an incalculable debt of gratitude. The recently de- livered Germans owe to the present generation of Americans an almost equal debt of gratitude, since liberal and progressive Prussia must ascribe her mar- velous success to the wise application of the lessons learned from and during our Civil War. Accord- ing to foreign advices, all the inventions^ adoptions, adaptations, developments and improvements which insured our triumph over the Rebellion were adopted and applied by the Prussian war-authorities, and the result of their own observation was a success unparal- lelled in the history of nations. But these philosophical and gratifying reflections, however important and interesting, are more appropri- ate to other occasions than the present, when all our thoughts should be directed towards our soldiers who survive, and to our martyrs who are dead. In casting a retrospective glance upon the minor events of the past war, it is painful to recall how little the faithful soldier had to boast, as far as the Government was concerned, over the unfaithful. To be sure, every honest man has a great reward in his own conscience; but a great country owes something more than that to fidelity and patriotism. In this war there was a perfect realization of the words of Solomon, that '' all things come alike to all, * * * to him that sacrificeth and to him that sacrificath not." We are seeing this every day. Copperheads, Peace Democrats, and even Rebels stand as well with the Administration as the strongest and most en- during Union men. Even so it was during the war in regard to the good and bad in our Army. lie who was in favor received a reward often unmerited and he who was in disfavor the stripes o ten undeserved. I was sufficiently struck with this fact the other night in reading over the lettei-s of a soldier, Ser- geant Charles K. McNiff, Company B, 20th N. Y. Militia, from Madalin, to deem his words worthy 55 of repetition before his fellow-citizens. He is one to whom Miss Landon's words exactly apply: " And telling a tale of gallant war, On his brow was a slight but glorious sear." " Mr. Stockings is a good and faithful soldier; also J. Hatton ; they have respect ; also the rest of the boys What do yon suppose a deserter is thought of here? Nothing at all, and I suppo-se but little at home. Might not a man rither be killed on the battle-field than to desert his regiment, flag and country, and have no respect for his parents?" And yet how little respect was paid to the merits of such soldiers ; how little consideration or justice for their feelings, in the true sense of the word. The same soldier quoted was promoted for good and faithful service, and placed in a very responsible situation, as Sergeant in charge of three ambulances.. Writing fron City Point, July 9th, 1864, he says : •' I will tell you of a little affair that transpired last Winter. There was a young fellow in Company B who went to Alexandria, overstaj'^ed his (leave) three days, and came back and was put in the Bull Ring (prisoners' pen) for four months and had six months' pay stopped Now mark the difference. A voung rogue by the name of B , deserted, and was gone eighteen months, comes back, gets all his back pay, no punishment, but favored with a good job as cl rk in the Hospital Department. The reason was, his father was rich, and cashier of a bank.'' This is not a solitary case. The impunity Mccorded to the most disgraceful desertions almost put a pre- mium on Bounty Jumping and Desertion. Many a man who deserved a bullet or a halter came back with a brevet, and many a man who deserved a brevet returned unnoticed. Rosecrans — one of the greatest generals, in the real sense of the word, who outmanoeuvred Lee and drove him out of West Virginia, who was the only Union general who gained victories over the Rebels, fighting four to five, two to three, one to two, and again, one to nearly two, xt luka, Co'inth, Stone River and Chattanooga — not only did not receive any promotion, but none of his immediate Staff ever received promotion. Why? Because he fell under the disfavor of the War De- partment. On the other hand, another general ( I will not mention his name because he was a good Christian man), who occasioned the loss of one of the most important and gigantic battles of the war, was not (mly promoted, but placed in command over the head of one of the best and bravest, who subse- quent to his failure, achieved a success — a success which will remain in storv as long as historv continues . 56 to be irritton. The first was placed over the bead of the very superior whose downfall had been oc- casioned by his fault or incapacity. Every American soldier who feels in his own bosom that he has discharged his duty with fidelity, and ful- filled his term of service bravely and conscientiously, can say with the British hero of the Spanish Peninsula, "These gewgaws (pointing to his stars, medals, clasps, and orders, represented in this country by brevets), these gewgaws prove nothing, b cause every soldier knows that a man maj- have deserved without obtain- ing, and have obtained without deserving them." I do not mean tosa^' that a brevet is without value. It is valuable, and eminently valuable, but only when it has been deserved and when the act for which it has been conferred has been set c'early forth in the com- mission. AVhat I mean to say is this, that every soldier that went forth without the incentive of those outtageous bounties which were held forth as induce- ments, in the latter years of the war especially — I refer particularly to those who volunteered in 1861 and 1802, or vo'nntcered at any time without bounty, whether as an officer or as aprivate, and served out his whole term or served until incapacitated by w .unds or ill health, deserves as much consideration fro u his fellow-citizens as General Geant or Lieutenant- Gen- eral Sherman. Yes, more personal considerati(m than either, and should such a patriot be broken down by wo'inds or in consequence of ill health, and be suffered to come to want through the ingratitude of the Gov- ernment or of his neighbors, it is a damning disgrace not only to the General Government but to the State and to the County and to the Town to which he belongs, and in wlrch he resides. These last remarks, in re- gard to personal consideration, do not apply to those who received the enormois bounties paid in 18G4, or to those who sold themselves as substi'utes in the previous year. They put their own estimate upon themselves, pocketed the money, nnd their accounts are balanced. To the men p^trticu arly who went to the front in 1861 froTU motives of patriotism, or who volunteered in 1802 and in the begining of 1863, every honor and recompense is due which a country, pre- served and a i)eople saved, can show and pay to the men ; — to the boys, to the youths, to the young men, and to the old men who counted their lives as nothing so that the Constitution which their forefathers had signed and supported could be manitained ; so that the Union could be re-established ; so that the curse of Slavery could be abolished ; and so that this great Re- public could continue to exist as the greatest temple of freedom in the universe, as the asylum of the down- trodden of other lands, and the refuge of the oppres.^od t'irt'(i;_'-'n>-!t the world. 57 There is another class, however, who present them- selves in direct coiitras- with these patriotic and g:lorious defenders of our countr3^ — a class which stands even below those who denied to that count ry and those institutions the support of their votes and their influence, when both seemed in their death throes. T mean " Bounty Jumpers, and Desert- ers " — deserters in tlie true sense of the w- rd. These last deserve nothing but the execration and contempt of every iionest man. A minority received their dues on the gallows and at the place of execution by the rope and by the bullet. Of the majority some are in Canada, and some present their faces of brass in the presence of brave soldiers whom they deserted and sought to disgrace, A bounty jumper should be placed under the ban and interdicted from bread and water for evermore. Every deserter should be placed on trial by his fellow-citizens, and former fellow- soldiers, and if he cannot produce such proof in justifi- cation, as only one in a thousand can show, s^uch as hav- ing been entrapped when drugged, or having been the victim of the grossest injustice by those who enlisted him, he should be placed under the ban by every honest man as long as he lives. This monument is but a small memorial of Red Hook's parti ipationin the great struggle. Many ahead- ston" in our quie' country Church-yards will record the name of another victim to the vast conflict ; — one who came forth unmu ihiled and without a scar, who, like a gallant ship had ridden out the tempest with- out any perceptible injury, V>ut. nevei'theless, strained in everj' timber, subsequently founders in a calm sea and under a cloudless sky. To such, as well as to those who actually perished in the discharge of their dutv, and to those who came home to die from the effects of arduous -ervice, a monument is equally due. If their fellow-citizens, however, were to attempt to place over their sacred remains an honorary token, not one •• God's Acre" in our land but would present one or more such memorials of patriotism It is due to them that they should receive it. But, alas ! constituted as men are. how seldom do we pay the debt of grati tude to those who saved u-< fi'om the most imminent personal peril, much less and far more to those who saved what should be dearer to all, our national in- stitutions and oiir Fatherland. There are others again among us living memorials of the great Rebellion, mu- tilated, crippled, and scarred. Will they receive the reward due to their sufferings ? Will the living but mu'ilated heroes of the vas est conflict which has ever been waged on earth's face, receive the recompense commensurate to the perils they have gone through, and the sufferings they have experienced? In too 58 many cases tlieii' o ily reward will be the appi-oval of their own consciences, and the satisfaction consequent upon sei'vices manfully di-eliaijied, and privation.s cheerfully und rj^one in the noblest of causes This to aching, friendless, and limbless old aire is a reward as cold and unsatisfactoi-y as the oi'dinary charity of the world, in the niajorit}' of cases, at once destitute of the hands to give and the legs t() carry it to those who need it. Eaten bread is soon foi-gotten, is a com- mon pi'overb, but too true, and republics are proverb- ially ungrateful. Such being the case, it is a duty incumbent upon every man who did not go to the front, not only uptrticipation of Red Hook in the great '' Amerii-an Conflict.'" which was a Natio 's struggle for existence. Upon its wes^er/i. side it bears an inscription which is worthy the calm, retiective examination of every American citizen; of every man who loves his country and its free institutions. THIS IMMI-DIATK. -SKIGHBOKHOOU to her DEFENDERS, WHO LOST THEIR LIVKS IN SUPPRKSSI XO TH R SLAVEHOI.DEKS' REBELLIO.V aiid sustaining the GOVKRNMKNT OF THE PEOPLE. FOR THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE. The southern nnd eastern sides bear the names of our 59 fell.)w <-ifizens who were killed in Kattle or died of w.iiinds re'-eived ii|).in liie battle-tifld. At Upton Hill Marcli 17, 1862, John Dkckeu 20th N. Y. S. M. Maniusas, .\iif,nist 30, 1862, Lieutenant Warren W. Chamberlain. 14th U. S. I. Alfred I asher, Georgb Kelly, Lkwis Redder, C. Gruntler, Junr 20th N Y 8. M. ' Chantilly, September 1, 1862. Mnjor-General Philip Kearnt, U is. V. Antietam. September 17, 1862. Rufus Warringkr. 20ih N. Y. S. M. ^ Chantilly. June, 1863. John Shleterer 150th N. Y. V. Kelly H Ford, September 17, 1863, Captain Augustus Barker 5tli N. Y. C. Dallas, May 2-i, 1864. Corporal i. F. Smith. 150th N. Y. V. Cold Harbor, June, 1864. Henrv Kline. V Atlanta, September 12, 1864, J. E. Pultz 160th N. Y V. WincheMer, September 19, 1864, Peter Wyer, 128th N. Y. V. Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864, Andrew Decker 6th N. Y. V. Cav. Five Forks, March 31, 1865, Andrew Fraleigh. Qlst N. V V. The north side bears the names of those who died of disease while in the Army, or after their return home, immediately in consequence ot maladies incur- red in the service. John Corrigan, May 22, 1861. John D. Martin, 7th :N. J. V.. on Lower Potomac, January (June ?) 3, 1862. Hiram Risedorf, 20th N. Y. S. M., at Upton Hill March 4, 1862. Eugene Livingston. 95th N. Y. V.. December 31. 1862. '' H. N. Fisher, Assistant Surgeon. March 12, 1863. W. C. MuLLER, May 14, 1863. W. P. Bush, Assistant Surgeon, October 3, 1863 Wm. Gaston, 7th N. J. V., June, 1864. Christian Gruntlkr, Senr.. 20th N. Y. S. M., July 4, 1864. John Showerman, 128th N. Y. V., in New Orleans 1864. ' Stephen IL Paulmier, 91st N. Y. V.. in Washinaton May 21, 1865. ^ ' Ezra J. Stickle, 150th N. Y. V., in Raleiah, N C May, 1865. ^ ' John van Etten; 128th N. Y. V., at Savannah, July 8, 1865. . ' 60 " Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead. Dear as the blood ye gavp ! No impious footsteps here shall tread • The herbage of your grave ; Nor shall your glory be forgot While Fame her record keeps, Or honor points the hallowed spot Where valor proudly sleeps. Yon faithful herald's blfi2oned stone, With mournful pride shall tell. When many a vanished age hath flown. The story how ye fell. Nor wreck, nor change, nor winter's flight Nor time's remoi seless doom, Shall mar one ray of glory's light That gilds your deathless tomb." The patriots ti) whom this uiOTiumeat is erected, dieii for their country. They were patriots in the truest, fullest, and clearest sense of the word. This marlile should be held sacred and the ground be deemed holy. The one should be maintained with care and the otiier be held inviolate, for both are contided to the safe- guard of the gratitude of those who survive, towards the dead, and the respectful solicitude of coming gen- erations. 'Twas theirs to shield the dearest ties That bind to life the heart. That ramg'.o with the earliest breath, And with our last depart ! They were the guardians of a Nation's destiny, we andours are the guardians of their dust, their memo- ries, and the honors due to them. Their bones, it is true, do not repose beneath this obelisk. Their bones are on the Northern hill And on the Southern plain. By brook, by river, lake and rill. And by the roaring main. The land is holy wher • they fought. And holy w hero they tell ; For by their blood that land was bought. The land they loved so well. Then glory to that valiant band. The honored saviours of the land ! Of the sixteen killed and thirteen who died of variou;" maladies, to whom this memorial is erected in per- petual remembrance, tico i)erished in the discharge of the noblest duties of humanity, in the alleviation of suffering and disease. Tiit- first to succumb to the very evils he went forth to assuai:e was Dr. William P. BrsH, Assistant Surgeon 61st N. Y. V. ; the second was Dr. Henry N. Fisiiee, Assistant Surgeon, assigned for general service in the hospitals. Both died in con- sequence of their close attendance upon the victims of those maladies which are inseparable fro ii war and follow in the train of armies, maladies more fatal than the steel and bullet. Thousands are slain by the arrows of pestilence, where hundreds fall by the sword. Dr. 61 Bush died far away from hdoie and sympathetic friends. Dr. Fisiiee was more happy in that gentle hands and hjving looks soothed his last hours. It is commonly sujiposod that a surgeon's position in tlie Army is one of comparative satety. This is a very great error. "When the soldier is most secure the sur- geon is most exposed. Tlie hold surgeon, and there are very few surgeons who are not hold, almost always occupies a dangerous position. He is in danger in the tield. and often discharges his duty under fire, witli a coolness of which the mnjority of the best sold'ers are not capable. The surgeon must be cool, otherwise he cannot perform his operations or discharge his func- tions. And then when the temporary toils, consequent upon battles are over, lie musi live and breathe, as it were, in the miasma of tiie hospital. It is true that the laurel of the soldier and of mili- tary glory is wanting on their brows and to their tombs, but the halo which attends the conscientious discharge of the highest duty of a Christian, throws a light no less glorious upon their names and around their memories. He who was our great exemplar exhibited his high- est attributes of power and mercy in healing tlie sick and restoring the maimed. All those who perish in a like ennobling ^ervice are entitled to as much con- sideration as the soldier or ofScer wlio falls at his post in the discharge of a difterent, but not more dangerous duty. Yes, indeed, those who wore the green sash were patriots as noble as any who wore the red or the hnff. With their lives and deaths they demonstrated tlieir patriotism, that virtue of all virtues: " The Deity himself proves it divine " — " For, when the Deity conversed with men, He was himself a Patriot !— to the Earth — To all mankind a Saviour was he sent ; Aiid, all lie loved with a Kedeemer's love ; Yet still, his wanni'st love, his tendcrest care, H s life, his heart, hi? blessings, and his mournings. His smiles, his tear.s, he gave to thee— Jerusalem— To thee his country !" — With regard to those who died of diseases, I have not been able to learn the |)articulars in every case. Of seven out of tlie twelve nothing has been reported, except name. date, and in four instances, the locality. Despite my diligent inquiry my research has been suc- ces^ful only as to those who enlisted from "this immedi- ate neighl oiliood,"' in the strictest sense of the tertr. Oi these last, four, two died far away — Hikam Rise- DORF, 20th N. Y. S. M., 80th Volunteers, and John Van Etten, 128tii N. Y. V. The one of congestive biliary disease or couMirnption, upon the very thresh- old of his military career, at Upton Hill, opposite Wash- ington ; the other from congestive chills, a tearful &2 malady, fit Savaiiniih. Ga.. when, actualiv, ]ii:' soldierly course wa-< ended, and lie was lookitii,' forward, after three years' service, to a li:ij'|>y reuirn to lii- lioine and friends and natal soil. Poor HiKAM RisKPORF, liis tate was a sad one. No American hut has tasted sometimes, in some desrree, of the comforts of home. He was sick with consumption or disease of the liver, either a most de|)ressin^ malady. He applied to his surgeon to be relieved from guard duty, hecause he felt too unwell to perform it. The doctor, grown hard in dealing with shams, thought he likewise was shirking his dury. So the |)oor sick fellow went on his cold, wet, and dreary guard, doubtless with the sh.'idows of death darkeiung around hitn in his solitary vigil. Death, unless sudden and unex- pected, is fearful to the boldest, though pride may suffice to conceal the pang as the skeleton hand slowly draws aside the veil between life and eternity. lie re- turned to his tent, there without sympathy or solace to wrestle it out with the grim conquerer ot all the living. And when, a few h(nirs after, they came to seek him he wa> dead. And so they carried him out to his soldier's grave, near F:dls Church ; the accus- tomed vollies rattled over the carelessly heaped turf, and one more man was lost, but not forgotten in the Armies of the Union. Well might the poet declare of death that if it " <'ome in consumption's ghastly torm, Ci me when the heart beats high and warm, Anii thou art terrible. But to the hero when his sword Has won the battle for the free, Thy voice sounds like a prophet's word. And in its hollow tones are heard The thanks of millions yet to be." And so died Kkakny and our brave brothers wlio fell amid the shock of battle, the crash of musketry, rlie diapason of the cannonade, and all the hundred cries and ?ounds which swell the fearful music of the churm of battle. Thus died Pnii.ip Keahny. Major General U. S V., and thus died Warken W. Chamberlain, Lieutenant 4th U. S. Infantry, Aide de-camp to General Sykes, unequal in fame, but e(iualin many grand or at rac'ive qualities. In one respect, however, they both deserve especial honor, since both fell refusiii:^- to surrender, aud preferiui! the chance of death to becoming prison- ers to Rebels. The first was hit by a single bail out of a volley delivered b.\ a Louisiana regiment, in the night action of Chantilly, l>t September; the second was picked ott' by two Texan scouts or sharpshooters in the battle of Mana.ss s or Bull Run, second, on the 30th August, 1862. 63 Tims, iiuieed. , the Aztec and his hybrid Spanish successors, the Austrian, the Frank, the Italian, and the fiercest Rebels, all, equally, bear testimon}- to his surpassing merit as the dashing dragoon, the reliable aide-de- camp, the daring captain, the intrepid volunteer, and the consummate general. Three Continents — America, Europe and Africa — bail him equally as one who, against Southern au- dacity, European discipline, and Barbarian ferocity, manifested the highest type of chivalric soldiership. " 'Mill the bravest, the bravest, wherever war's tide In it^ oiaddeuing tuibulence poured O'er the tremulous ].l;iin. when the smoke rolled aside, How glittered our Paladin's sword ! Where the cactuses flowered and giant pines towered Till a cloud-crown encircled each head; Where date-palms droop'd o'er and the laden vines bowered The heaps of the stitt'ening dead ; On the Aztec Sierra, Algeria's sand, Shone bis panache a guiding star. Till 'mid tempest of battle he seemed to command, Like very war-god's Avatar. With the sword i ■ his right hand, the pistol in left, When the enemy swarmed about, While his teeth held the bridle, he shot and he cleft, Ills way through the Bedouin rout ; Then ot one arm bereft, with a smile on his face, He breasted the bayonet's gleam ; 64 WTiile he spurred on hi? gray with a chivalrous grace. Recalling bright miildle afje dream. When the breast of the knij^ht was the fortresi and ahrine Of all that was noble and true ; Till he fell in his harness, the last of his line, Maintaiuint; the red, white and blue. By the camp-fire's gleam will French chasseur relate The tale of his soldierly bearing ; And wild Kabyles tell, how like the sabre of Fate, The American volunteer's daring ; Savage chiefs will repeat to their wondering braves — All his followers' hardships sharing — How h" fought thro' t^ieir forests, dells, mountains and wares. Like Manitou's arrows unsparing ; And when rebels are crushed, how they stories will sprea-l Of that terrible " one-armed devil," Who retreating, the hindm st, e'er charging ahead, Seemed the " incarnation of evil." A heart more intrepid in mortal man's breast Never echoed the trumpet's to7ie ; A spirit more generous never confessed Compassion for sufferer's groan ; A brighter eye kindling with eagle-like glance 'Mid the death struggle never shone ; And blither a chevalier never couch'd lance When the signal to charge was blown ; 'Mid battles wild ohurm he led off the dance With a recklessness all his own, And when others but look'd at death's revel askance. He rattle death's skeleton throne. America's Bayard, sans fear or reproach ; His head full of strategy's lore ; No rival in arms can his merits approach Or wear the proud title he wove. To his comrades a model, to foemen a dread ; To his country a sword and a shield ; A war-cry while living, a watch-wnrd when dead. Brave Kearny still marshal'd the field. As long as our martyr's dear banner shall wave. So long shfill his prestige survive ; So long shall his countrymen honor his grave. And each conflict his exploits revive. In the forefront of bi^ttle, as hoped for, he died ; In the forefront of glorv he stands ; And as long as the stars and the stripes are our pride Phil Kearny's the pride of our lands." How well he .showed himself in h-s true colors when, after the demoralization of the first battle of Bull Run, he assumed an advanced position beyond the Po- tomac atns, men, women and children and as the body was borne along in solemn silence, through those long miles of living men, strangers to the dead, there was tears, and plentiful tears upon the cheeks of those who knew him only as in life he moved among them. But they knew his glorious qualities. Tf strangers were thus moved, would I not have been recreant had I not appealed to you, dear neighbors, to assist me in doing honor to the — my, illustrious dead? This was the reason that I was so anxious that his name should appear on this monument, that it might be associated with the names of brave men, from this neighborhood, who fought by his side on the field where he fell — names which it will ever be my own and my children's pleasure to honor. Moreover, while I and mine should always have had an interest in the other names, we shall have a double interest now, in hold ng this monument and site as sacred, be- cause ray honored cousin's name is there. He and I. too, were the last males of an old and honored race. We were brought up together as brothers in a child- less grandfather's house, in which our mothers had died. My eldest son was his aide-de-camp, and first saw fire under him. My early companions and con- nections were his associates. My friends were his fi'iends. Red Ilook men fought with him, near him and beside him when he fell. He valued Hooker and "Fighting Joe" valued him. They fought in the same corps and they relied upon each other. When 67 Hooker, hard pressed and bis own troops nearly ex- hausted at Widianisburgh, saw himself abandoned bv those wlio shouhl have been the first to supp rt him. he sent word back, through storm and mire and loitering after loitering divisions, to Kearny, far in the rear, '• to hurry forward." Other brigades and legi- ments intervened, but his trust was in Kearny. " Tell Hooker I am coming," said Kearny, to the Aide who carried Hooker's message. And Kearny did come and saved Hooker. Do you wonder, now, that I wanted his name upon this monument ? T, who thought so much of him living, and honor him so greatly whe-i dead. I, who was bound to him by blood, by association, bv ad- miration wiiile he was livintr, and h\' greater admiration and duty now that he has fallen on the field of honor, for you fellow-countrymen and neighbors, for me. and for our country. Other States and oth-^r localities mav rear taller and statelier monuments to his inemor}^, but he would value none as much as this — his first memorial — set up imong scenes he loved so well, and coupled with the names of soldiers who fell like him in defence of a common Fatherland and Flag. ******* The incidents attending the fall of Lieutenant Cham- berlain were as unusual and sad as the fallen man was remarkable for moral and physical attractivenees. Few men are jauntier and handsomer than lie was, few more genial and agreeable, " Generous as brave Affection, kindness, the sweet oflBoes Of loie and duty, were to him as needful As his daily bread." — As an evidence of his fine personal appearance, I was passing through the hall of Willard's Hotel, Washington, in the Summer of 1861, when my attfn- tion was struck by the graceful carriage and form of an otficer, whose face was turned away examining prints or [capers lying on an adjacent table. Satisfied that so fine a figure must have corresponding features, I made a movement which induced him to turn. As he did so. I recognized Warrex W. Chamberlain, of Lower Ked Hook. Were the details of his last hour generally known, romance would make them her own and poetry breathe its sweetest numbers in doingjust- ice to them. " A sweeter and a lovelier gentleman, Fram'd in the prodigality of nature, Young, valiant, wise, and, as he proved, right loyal— Were seldom to be found." Durinij the second battle of Bull Run, Chamberlain Aide to General Sykes, was sent with orders to Colonel, 6« (now Major-Geiieral) G. K. Wakken, then coiiniiand- 5th N. Y. v., (Duryea's Zouares.) On his way he was hailed hy an untlying Rebel picket, composed ot' a Texan 9(!out named Haggskty and his son. Ouambeu- LAiN kept on, without heeding tlie call to lialt and sur- render. Tiieronpon both ritieinen tired and h)dged their balls in his body. Chambeklain fell from his horse, and his slayers came up to him ; then v>ou by bis gentle bravery, they remained by his side offering what rude consolation they could, and about half an hour afterwards closed liis eyes. lietore he died Chamberlain drew a letter from his pocket which he had written to his beloved brother before the battle coMimenC'-d, and with enfeebled hand and failing strength, but unfaltering courage, added in pencil. " / am dying, August SO, God bless you,'' and died. The Texan Hagoertv is reporteil to have said that during the war he had killed many without compunction, but the instant that Chamberlain fell he expressed his regret to his son, as he knew by his bearing that the officer was a gallant fellow, and with this conviction he remained with liis victim until he died, and promised to see that the letter — which then and tljere received a postscript so terribly mournful — should be forwarded to its direction. " The officer," continued Haggerty, " said but little, yet enough to melt my heart and to compel me involuntarily to as'c his forgiveness which was freely and nobly accorded." No one who knew Warren W. Chamberlain could fail to recognize in the dying soldier the "gentle gentleman " they had so often gladlv met in happier hours. *' Of those who fell on that dis.istrous day Their pra se is hymn'd on loftier harps than ininv ; Yet one l would selec' from that proud throng, # ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ * # ♦ ♦ And partly that bright names will hallow song ; And his was of the bravest, and when shower'd The death-bolts deadliest the thinn'd files along, Even where the thickest of war's tempest lower'd. They reach'd no nobler breast than thine, young, gaUant Howard." The eleveuth from this vicinity, John Decker, 20tJi N. Y. S. M., or 80th N. Y. V., lost his lite by a chance shot, young in years and young in a soldier's tri.ils. His regiment had been detached in the ilirection of Alexandria to meet an expected attack. Tnis did not occur. Returning hotnewards a careless soldier lie- longing to the I4th Brooklyn, encanified on their line of march, discharged his piece at random, and the ball passed through the bowels of unlortunate Decker. He lived a few days in great sutlering, aiul then died 21si March, 1862. His comrades from this neighborhood contributed to pay the expenses of sending his body 69 home, and it now lies buried under the shadow (north) of the old Red Church by the side of liis father and friends. To perish tlius by a friendly bullet was sad, indeed, but his death was as honorable to him as though he had died in battle, for he fell in the service and in tlie uniform of his country. When the patriot falls, must he fall in the battle. Where the cannon's loud roar is his only death rattle,! There's a warfare where none but the morally brave Stand nobly and firmly, their country to save. 'Tis the war of opinion, where few can be found, On the mountain of principle, guarding the ground, With vigilant eyes ever watching the foes. Who are prowling around them, and aiming their blows." To those who would regret or murunir that this young man died so early, and to so little purpose, let them remember blind old Milton's consolation, that in the discharge of duty " They also serve who only stand and wait." Two Others came home to die. Of these, one, Eu- (WSNE Livingston certainly deserves the highest credit if there is any degree in ]mtriotism. Even with the lirst sound of alarm be hastened to enrol himself. A pupil of the Highland Mili ary College, established at Newburgh, on West Point principles, he seemed to feel that even young as he was he might be of service. This brave lad abandoned ever\ thing which could make life attractive. He bad not vet attained the age when his country could legally demand his services, jind his feeble Constitution would Inive txempted him from military duty under any circumstances. But, however frail the tabernacle, it enclosed an adventur- ous spirit. His great-grandfather had taken a promi- nent part in eKtahlisbing and Imilding up our country. A kindred patriotic ardor glowed in the bosom of our tirst Chancellor's great-grandcliild, and inspired bun to offer his feeble arm to sjtve that which his ancestor had assisted to inaugurate. Ninety years ago Robert R. Livingston signed the Declaration of our Independ- ence. Five years ago his youthful descendant conse- crated his frail life to maintaining that free govern- ment which that declaration may be said to have called into being. After a tirst enlistment, of whose particular? there is no record, be was mustered in the DSth N. Y. V., (Wakren Rifles). Placed on guard at Cawp Thomas, near Washington, he died, eventually, after eight months suffering on the 31st December, 1862, a victim to one night's unaccustomed exposure, a martyr to what the world would call hereditary ])atriotisra. The man and the youth both deserve equal remembrance from their countrymen. Success crowned the efforts of tlie one, and death the resolution of the other; but 70 in the judgment of the impartial, the crown i;* due to the hrave youth whose name is inscribed upon the memorial we have contributed to raise and establish. He was one of those who were born to feel " Our Country first, their glory and their pride, Land of their hopes, land where their tatherrj died. When in the right, they'll keep thy honor bright, When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right. Ettgene Livingston, of thee, youth, patriot, martjr, may we truly say that While the tree Of freedom's wither'd trunk puts forth a leaf, Even for thy tomb a garland let it be The second in this category was Christian Grunt- LEB, Senr., a German, who likewise may be said to have given his life for his adopted country, and'nhat country owes a debt t<> his surviving family. Neither his age nor his pbysical strenth jiistitied his enrolment as a soldier, but he was enroled, and went forth and performed what duty be was able to perform. Dis- charged in consequence of ill health, he came home and died of disease, dropsy, engendered by the bard- ships to which he had been exposed, which he was incapable of supporting. Three others' of our brethren, Alfked Lashkk, Geo. H. Kelly, and Lewis Keddek, all belonging Company B, 20th N. Y. S. M., or 80th K Y. V., were struck down in the forefront of battle in Pope's disastrous combat, on the SOtli August, 1862, on., the same tield of Bull Run, second, or Manassas, upon wliich our Army had been di.scomfited on the 23d July, of the previous year, 18(il. If cotemporaneous history is to be believed, had McClellan and his proteges done their duty at the time by their country, as these our fallen neighbors, these latter might have enjoyed the dying satisfaction of feelingthat they fell on the theatre of triumph. In such a case the success of our arms might alleviate, in a meji.sure. our sorrow at their loss. Of tlie incidents attending their death, we have no account. They were standing up to their work like men wlien the victorious Rel)el wave swept over them ; our Army was forced from tiie ti.-!(l. and nameless graves received our Union dead. A fourth member ofthiscompany, Christian Geunt- LER. Junr., had his lower jaw shattered by a mu.-ket shot in this same l)attie. Although lie lived for twen- ty-four hours, and survived his transport to the Alex- andria hospital, the wound was fatal. He must have Ruft'ered the acutest agony since it was impossible for him to swallow, and he was thus incapable of taking either stimulants or nourishment or medicine. 71 On the 17th Septt-inber folio wiDg, RuFus Wakkingek, of the same company and rejiiment, was shot through the bowels at Sharpsbiirg or Antietam, ii brief necrology is Captain AccrsTis Barker. " Brief, brave and glorious was his young career." At the age of 19 years he was commissioned Second Lieutenant. 4th December, 1861, in the 5th N. Y'. V., Cavalry. Twice promoted for gallant and honorable service, he was shot by guerrillas at Hartwood Church, near Kellys Ford, in Virginia, on the 17th September, 1863. On the ensuing day he died, a vic- tim at the murderous hands of Rebels, who for every hundred killed in honest tight, have assassinated thou- sands either singly, as they killed Barker, or whole- sale as at Fort Pillow, or in thousands by slow tor- ture iu their loathsome prison-pens and hospitals. And now these Rebels who have been slaying our brethren for five years, come and ask from us equality of rights fur the future, and oblivion for the past. There are men, like an accidental President, would elevate them anove the patriotic citizens who defied them in the field, onlv to be betrayed for them in the cabinet. la perfect contrast to this policy of Andkew Joun- 60N WHS the action of h)yal tiery Phil Siieuidan. Ah I fair Shenandoah, thou nest of the robber, How stands the count with thy people to-day ! Where is the fire now, Showing thy ire now, Blazine:, while gazing with fear and amazement. As on it crept swittly from door-post to casement. Weeping with pale dismay. Stood moids and matrons gray f Has it not spread to the end of the valley '>. Did it not follow thee in thy grand nilly, Sheridan, Sheridan, cavalry Sheridan ' In requital ot this murder of Captain Bakker and other similar atrocities, Sheridan laid waste the Rebel territory which harbored such assassins, and raised a wail whose warning voice doubtless saved many a Northern man from a similar fate to that of the unfortunate young officer. "What though the mounds that mark'd each name. Beneath the wings ot Time, Have worn away ! — Theirs is the fame 1 mmortal and sublime ; For who can tread on Freedom's plain. Nor wake her dead to life again ?" In conclusion, let me remark that results are often determined by a concurrence of circumstances, the wis- dom of whose co-operation those, who are most op- posed to them at the time, afterwards see and under- stand. Such has been the case with the location of this monument. Divers sites were canvassed and the one selected was a compromise. Calm reflection nmsi decide that it is the best. It stands in the midst not only of the present generation, but of those who are growing up to succeed them. As long as its material endures, be it a hundred, be it a thousand years, its inscription will preach a sermon of Republican-Demo- cracy — that is Democracy in the true, and not in the perverted sense of the term — and of Patriotism. When the men of this generation have passed away, some child will ask one of those who are children now, "Father, what does it mean for men to lose their liv.-s in suppressing a Slaveholders' Rebellion ? "' Then the father will tell tlie enquirinj; child how 800,000 Free- men had to lay down their lives to put an end to a curse which had demoralized and almost incurably poisoned a large portion, even of our Northern free- men, so that they were willing their country should perish rather than a political party should fall. Then the kind parent will go on to explain to that little one be- longing to a generation which will scarcely be able to comprehend such depravity, how 250,000 slave- holders or oligarchs were able to rule nearly 73 30.000,000 of peoi)lt', throngh the wealth and power which they had acquired hy trading in human being?, like cattle, and hy buying, selling, and breeding men and women with souls whiter than their own; — slave- holders, or oligarchs, constituting tJie basis of a domi- neering tyranny, whose boast it was that it took tlio fresh moulded iuiage <>f God tVom his hand and stamped upon ir, in the liour of its birth, " Goods and chattels J) er son a J." xM'rerwards, doubtless the rest of the inscription will likewise demand an explanation. Very likely the questi()n will be asked, '■ Where did they get those con eluding words? " What must be the answer? Those emphatic ttords are from a sjjeech admitted by critics, foreign and native critics of the highest order, to be the finest which ever fell from human lips. This speech, it will have to be told, was made by a man who, from a Western rail-spliiter or day-laborer, ••ose to be President of the United States, to live for ever in history as America's second Wasiiington. This si>^^ch was made by a great and good man, who began by piloting a fiat boat on the Mississippi, and ended by directing the helm of Government ; who, after piloting this country tlirough four years of tiie most fearful war which ever raged ; and after having been re-elected to the Presidency by a satislied and victorious people, was assassinated by the side of liis Avife, by an agent and exemplar of that very spirit which produced tlic • Slaveholders' Eehellion," a treason whicli our brethren died to oi)pose and suppre-s. This speech was made by that wise but uuprttending Abuaiiam LixcoLX, avLo enjoys the supreme honor, the blessed and glorious distinction, of iiaving emancipated, at once and Ibrever, 4,000,000 of human beings, hitherto as destitute of rights as the beasts of burthen, reasonless and soidless; chatties according to Southern legal language, classed with tlu'ir mules and tlieir cotton gins. This speech was made at the dedication of a National Cemetery to receive tliose who fell at Gettysburg, that battle won by our soldiers and not by our generals, which deter- mined the fate of the war and of slavery. I cannot finish my address to-day, fellow-citizens, better tiuin by appropriating some of the language of that speech and adapting tlie rest to the change of locality and season. Ninety > ears ago our fathers brought forth upon this confine t a new Nation, conceived in liberty and dedi- cated to the proposition that all men are created equal. For over four years we were engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that Nation, or any Nation, so conceived or dedicated, could long endure. W'e are met to set up a memorial of those who perished on the bottle-fields '>f that vvnr. We are met To dedicate or inaugurate a inonumetit to tliose who gave up their lives that that Nation miglit live. It is altogether fit- ting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense, w? cannot consecrate, we can- not hallow any ground dedicated to the memory of our patriot martys. The lirave men, dead, whose names are inscribed upon this marble, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say or do here ; but it can never forget what our dead soldi- rsdid. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated ro the unfinished work that they so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from the honored dead we take increased de- votion to the causf for which they ga\e the last, lull measure of devotion— tiiat we ht-re highly resolve that the dead shall not have died iti vain — that the Nation, under God, shall iiave a new birth of Freedom, and that the Government of the People, by the People and for the People, shall not perish from the earth. Amen I So be it I N. B. — Remarks referring to pages 25-51. In thene 27 pages there are many things in fxprfssion. style and typography for which the author cannot h Id himselt responsible. Had the work been carried on as he had reason to expect it would have been, they would ha^e been remedied. The remarks in regard to generals ore not his own, but those of the parties who furnished the facts or reviewed the copy. Omission -Appendix to Note 11, Page 15, — Robert L. Living- ston. — This officer accompanied the Srst Union advance to Manassas in 1862; was present at Big Bethel; at Yoiktown; at Hnnover Court-house, where he received his first promotion for bravery ; at Mechanicsville, simply in support, however ; at Gaine^'s Mills, where he behaved remarkably well. There, having reformed the 12th New York Volunteers, he led it forward, carrying the regimental flag, on horseback, until it was taken from him and borne by his General, BuTTBHFiELD. At Mechanic^viUe he, likewise, rallied the 16th Michigan, which, subsequently, behaved magnificently. In this effort he was finally assisted by the Prince de .Ioinville, who had ridden up to compliment him on his conduct. Lieutenant Living- ston passed through all the terrible conflicts, in which he was p eser t, without a scratch, except upon one occasion. This was at Turkey Bend, the day before Malvern Ilill, July 1, 1862, where a shell burst under his horse, and threw over both animal and rider. Captain HoYT, As.sistant Adjutant- General on Major-General Bi'ttkrfiei,d's staff, who was near the spot, thought Aide-de-Camp Livingston was killed. During this campaign Lieutenant Livingston carried orders, everywhere, under fire, not only for his own General, but for Gen- erals Griffin, F P , and others. He resigned at Fred- ericksburg, on account of an accident received, according to the official report, in the line of hia duty. J L. NOTE I. TO PAGES ?.-4 HOW TIIK SOUTIIEUN MIXD BFX'AMK PEKMEATED WITH DIST'NION SENTIMENTS. (INTENDED AS CHAl'TEK 1. OF A CONTEMPLATED WORK, TO BE entitled: "the campaigns OF the GREAT AMERI- CAN WAR,'' TO SUPPRESS THE SLAVEHOLDERS' REBEL- LION, TO HAVE BEEN WRITTEN CONJOINTLY BY BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL J. WATTS DE PEYSTER AND JOSEPH B. LYMAN. Er^Q.J The whirlwind of war that for fonr years has been careering over the fa<'e of the land has at last died away and sunk to peaceful silenc- on the far-ofi savannas of Texas. The streams that have divided great hosts of lighting men, and sometimes been dyed with the lil(X)d of the combatants, from tiie Potomac to the Rio Grande, have ceased to be the objects of strategy, and are again devoted to the peaceful activities of com- merce. The long rows of polished bayonets that bristled along a hundred hillsides are replaced by rows of maize, that grows all the richer for the hu- man l)l()()d that has fertilized tlie soil. America turns iier amazing energies that have been so ccmspicuously displayed in war to the blessed labors of reconstruc- tion, the rearing again of the houses consumed hy invaders, the organization of newer and fairer forms of life and power out of the charred timbers and dilapidated walls that mark the ruin of W'bat is past. There remains for ua another great duty, that of studying this epoch of our history as we have studied no other in the tide of time, and deriving from it all the wisdom, all the instruction, all the valuable and salutar3'^ Ipssons for future guidance that can be learn- ed in the broad field wliere philosopliy teaches by example. Nor is our duty accomplished till fitting tribute is paid to the memory of the great multitude of the patriotic dead. Their dust is not to sleep in forgotten resting-places. The well-ordered and de- corated burial place, the towering granite, the deep- cut marble, the enduring bronze, will do all that mute things can do to perpetuate the memory of all who have fallen in the great wnr of freedom. From the obedient soldier who marched to certain death in the cross fires of the fatal batteries at Fred- ericksburg and Chancellorsvile, to the glorified dust of the Great IMartvr whose assassination crowned and 7C completed tlie Iieroic work, closing the lonji'Siicriflces br the blood of the nobkst victim, the deeds of the whole host of laborers and of martyrs Jieed to be commemor- ated by the wlioJe power of monumental and historic eloquence. Forma mentis (Vtrruii. And he will con- tribute most to the histoiy of these times who shall show liow, in the decrees of Providence it was orden d that Slavery should perish by the sword which, in an hour of political madness, she drew upon the august image of Constitutional Liberty, ms seen in the Union of the American states : how it was permitted this institution to grow apace and rear her bronzed front in the eyes of the world a defiant relic of dead bar- barisms, till her assurance became the seal of her de- struction, and thn haughtiness of her step was seen to be the pride thatgoeth before destruction. Injustice to human nature, and to historic proba- bilit}^, wc should tra e, as we can, the causes which led to this political upheaval. Foreign nations and future ages will hardly see in the mere fact of the election to the Presidency of a candidate distasteful to the Southern people, a sufficient reason tor the prompt, united, deliberate and defiant revolt that ensued. Nobody contended that the Constitution had been violated in any important particular. The South had ever enjoyed an ample share of the executive patr(jn- age. Sons of her soil had lil ed the Presidential chair four-fifths of the time from the election of Washington to that of Lincoln. Free labor throughout the South was well rewarded. Their soil was fertile, t lien- climate genial, their taxes moderate, their rights, their immunities, and even their whims and prejudices liad been respected by every administration from 1787 to 18G0 and yet, in ibe winter and spring of 1861, eleven States, in well-studied concert and with singular unanimity, and often bv overwhelming ma- jorities, passed ordinances s parating them forever from all political connection with the government which had been the constant devotee of their inter- ests, their pride, and the bulwark of their glory. Madness and foliy seem to be sometimes inherent in a particular family and may be expected in most of their acts, and human nature may be so exasperated by generations of depotism and abuse that, when once the crust of the eartii above the heaving mass is l)roken, a deluge of lava may burst out and bury, in desolation and ashes, everything fair and lovel)" that grew above the volcanoes, as the world saw with amazement in the European earthquake seventj" years ago. But that an entire population should go crazy and commit acts that involved pt)litical suicide and the destruction of most of those blessings that make life • losirable, is so far an anomaly in human nature tliat some moie rational livpothesis than madness iss uglit h}- any thoughtful student of this epoch. Besides, oui- modern Romes are not built in a day, an}' more than the crowned city of the seven hills was built in that space oi time. Great results now. as they have ever been, are the culmination ol forces that have been in operation for generations of men Moi'ally speaking, the metal of that historic lirst gun at Sumter was moulded in the da; s of Queen Elizabcih, and the powder was mixed befiue Washington was in iiis honored grave, and it was planted and sighted not by a gasconading Louisiana Creole, but by the great- est master of metaphysics and poliiical sophistry the world ever saw, but who had been quietly reposing in the soil of the Carolina, that so loved and honored him, for ten years previous to the 12th of April, 1861. Immediately after the war of the Revolution there began to appear the germs of what we, of this genera- tion, see in full growth ami loaded with its noxious fruits. The essential tendency of the slave power and the slave iniluencc is to personal isolation and polTtical disintegration. It was so in Jewish and Greek and Roman slavery, and our American slavery furnishes no exception to the rule. He who com- mands the services of others by the simple right of might, is in a way to emancipate himself from all ne- cessity to concili.-ite the good will of others or secure their social co-operation. In democratic communities, generall}'. every man is under the necessity of winning the kind feelings of his neighbors by reciprocal acts of kindness, and gaining by association the necessary strength to accomplish what he cannot do by his un- aided labor or skill. The Pennsylvania farmer who needs the strength of twenty men to raise the heavy limbers of his barn, invites his neighbors to come and lift with him, and holds himself in readiness to re- spond, at once, to a similar invitation from any of them. But th- Virginia planter needed no such gratuitous and reciprocal assistance. At the blast of his planta- ti(ni horn, he could summon frcmi the tobacco field twenty stout slaves, whose services were ab.'olutely his by the law of the land. A group of settlers in Ohio when they are touched with the importance of furnishing good schools for their children, n.ust meet, contrii.ute their money or their labor to the erection of a school house and the payment of a teach r's salary. The Mississippi planter, when he wanted his children educated, could order his colored carpenter to build a suitable house, and employ some e''ucated person as a family teacher, without once seeking nr needing a word of advice or any act of co-operation from any 78 of the neighboring aristocrats. The unit of Soutliern society was the petty hut independent despot, and the fiist combination, and in fact the (^nl}' combina- tion natural in such civilzation, was ingroups of petty despots, each supreme in his sphere, but independent of each other, under no necessity of mutual concession, mutual forbearance, or mutual aid. As a necessary con- sequence, associations of all kinds always languished and drifted toward dissolution under tliat exploded S3'stem. In that first representation of associated labor, 'he common road, this was painfully apparent, and the surprised traveler saw the first great incon- gruity in the narrow, Ufgiected, and circuitous wagon- road that was the only means of coninuinication be- tween princely landed estates. Common schools never flourished south of the Potomac. Tlieir colleges were the nbodes of literary indolence ur the haunts of youthful debauchery. Assoiiations for the dissem- ination of useful knowledge were hardly known, and the voice of the lecturer was mute. The concert and the theatre were theonly successful social institutions j for these are mainly supported by the crowd of pleas- ure-seekers who are above the useful necessity of pleasant exertion. When the Constitution of 1787, the great charter of our liberties, that has come out bright with new glory from the baptism of blood, was first propounded to the States south of the Potomac, how was it re- ceived? South Carolina fought it with her whole vigor, and in the General /Assembly of Virginia, that great and eloquent voice which, thirteen jears before, had raised the heroic battle-shout of the war of Independence, was now, and for the last time on earth, raised in protest against Unionism. " When I observe," said P.atkick llEMiY, "that the war-making power and the nione3'-making power are, by this Constitutiun, tnonopolized by the Federal Government, 1 see no foothold left for State sovereign- ty to rest upon, and I tremble for the liberty of Vir- ginia."' And John Randolpii, who was then the young and ardent champion of the Constitution, and secured its ratification despite the powerful opposi- tion of Patrick Heniiv, became, under the disinte- grating effects of that society, so thoroughly a state- rights man that he ever placed Ins State above his nation, and esteemed it a greater honor to be a Vir- ginian than to be an American Was it strange, then, that the famous resolutions of Virginia and Kentucky of 1799, the jNIagna Charta of Secession, were adopted and given to the world as the first deliberate, formal and well-pronounced utterances of the disintegrating spirit. Thus cotemporaneous with our Constitutional birth 79 as !i nation, ami advancing-, j:)flr/7'j)ass», with American greatness, wo lind this conception of the nation as no more than a compact between independent, irrespon- sible and sovereign Stites ; this advocacy ol the right of a State to challenge, adjudicate upon, and deliber- ately disobey a Federal law whjch was deemed obnoxious to her local interests, was ever a Southern doctrine, emanating from the bosom of those disinte- grating social tendencies that are inherent in the relation of master and slave. From the death of Washington till the presidency of Jackson, an interval of nearly thirty years, the ruinous dogma slejit on the shelf where the almost forgotten Virginia resolutions were gathering dust. Meantime the commercial and manufacturing interests of the Northern communities were constantly on the increase, and with the far-sighted sagacity of a traffic that had whitened every ocean with our sails, the commercial cities were asking Congress for a species of legislation that would at once stimulate these vast activities to fresh enterprises and place them on a secure foundation in national law. Against ttiis leg- islation the South, that had but her one interest of agriculture to i'oster, and that was now fast becoming jealoOs of the rapid increase of Northern power, took a position of firm and almost rebellious opposition. Tlie community where this antagonism was most active was t e Southern city that had for a time hoped ti> rival New York as an emporium of trade, and Charleston found ^^i champion in national debate, the most subtle and powerful reasoner from given prem- ises, right or wrong, that the Senate of the United States ever saw, in the p rson of Johk C. Calhoun. The doctrine then invoked, for commercial reasons only, was vigorously discussed and its fallacy thorough- ly exposed in those famous debatus of 1831 in which selected champions of both constructions of the Con- stitution met in the Senate of the nation and the Southern combatant was thoroughly worsted and unhorsed. Four years later, in 1835, arose the tirst agitation on slaver}-, and then were coupled for the lirst t me those famous dogmas of which the scenes of tlie past four years have been but the bloody acting out. They appear in the elaborate and able report drawn up by Mr. Calhoun on the right of Congress to prevent by law the circulation of abolition prints or books through the Southern States. lie there lays down these principles, which, from that time on, were the accepted principles of Southern politicians, which they steadily advocated and defended by all the power of words, and for which, twenty-six years after tiieir enunciation, they drew the sword in delib- erate revolt: so 1. Tliat Amorican slavery noeiled no apology on moral grounds: that it is a relation right, just and admirable in itself, a source of great mutual benefit to bo'h master and slave, and its abolition would be the greatest social disaster to both. 2. That when antagonism to this institution, on the part of those who felt themselves called upon to protest against and oppose it. reached a point where any material interest of slavery was endangered, the remedy of the ,*outh was towithdraw fro<, the Union ; and the defence of such withdrawal was found in the doctrine of State Rights, which leaves with the sepa- rate States the right of saying whet])er the Federal Union was any longer conducive to their best interests. These d.octrines, issued with audacity, clearness and ability, by Mr. Calhoun, were the maximsof Southern logic and the rallying points of slaverv from 1835 till 1861, when they became her battle-cry. But simultaneously with this revival of the secession dogma of 1709 and the change of base on the part of Southern Congressmen and the Southern press as to the propriety of apologizing for their institution, another material circumstance needs to be borne in mind. During the first quarter of this century American slavery had advanced from being a souice of doubtful pecuniaiy advantage to be regarded throughout the South as the easiest and surest road to wealth and all the aggrandizement that ever goes with ample fortune Just as western emigration was opening the nieUow and loamy uplands and the ineshaustibie alluvions of the southwest to agriculture, the invention of the cotton-gin at once raised cotton-growing from the productions of a modicum for household consuni[ition to the planting and gathering of a great expt)rting staple. Until the development of the cotton interest, agri- culture at the South was essentially /orrm/^.i^; but after the staple assumed a position of control the sys- tem was changed, fanning was abandoned i\ml plan tin (y became the one busiuess^which monopdjized all the capital, subsidized all the science, and bounded all the worldly ambition of the Southerner. The produc- tion of cotton demands but little skill and but litt'e heavy or exhausting labor. But it requires a persist- ent and unremitting industry, from New Year's day until Cliristnias ; an industry which is monotonous and uninteresting and requiring constant exposure to the burning of a semi-tropical sun. For these reasons it soon grew to be a conviction on the part of the planter that the conditions essci- tial for the production of cotton are compulsorj' labor on the supposition that free labor will nt-ver bend to the galling yoke of an industry so monotonous; that 81 sui;li cuuiimlsor}' l.abor must be enforced upon a trop- ical race whose skin had been, by original creation or from centuries of eqiiatonal life, fitted to resist the effects of great and continued heat. In connection with these opinions aiid circumstances is to be mentioned the fact, that England had found in the great expansion of her manufacturing interest a safe inve-tment for her surplus capital and safe occu- pation for her large surplus population, and was pre- pared to bu}' at handsome pi'ices all the cotton, that enforced industry, on a virgin soil could produce. Thus wdl be seen the stilts upon which Southern pride Wris lifted up until this accidental, and, i.s it were, mechanical elevation was, b}- lier, mistaken lor colossal superiorit}'. The planter was inflate ' first by the possession of a Lirge landed estate. From his veranda his eye could sweep over several hundred and often over sev- eral thousand acres to which his title was absolute and indefeasible ; and one-half or two-thirds of the area, thus gratifying his love o'' possession, was cover- ed with a crop either growing o' being gathered, the proceeds of which were certain to fill his pockets with glittering crown pieces from the vaults of the Bank of England. Those fields were tilled and all the offices of bis househobl were performed by ser- vants whom tlie law of his State made his property; whose services he could alwa3S co.npel ; whose n.isde- meanors he had full p 'Wer to punish, even to the e.Ktent of death, where the offence committed was against society as well as against plantation rules. He was under the necessity of performing no physical labor, and the care of ii s planting-estate gave him ample leisure for amusement, conversation, the rites of ho.-ipitalit\'- and the pleasures of the chase. Then, whenever his attention was arrested by the steady inroads that public opinion were making upon that form of society, and the f;;ct that slavery had already disappeared in all civilized countries, he looked to the doct ine of State Sovereignty, as propounded by the great South Carolinian, for his remedy, and flat- tered himself that whenever si verj' became unsafe and not fully protected and fortified by public law under the Constitution and in the Union, it coulc, at any time, be made absolutch secure and perpetual by going out from the Union and founding an oligarchy of the skin and of property in man. wi h chattel- slavery as its corner-stone and Leviticus for its New Testament. Thus it was, and by the dogmas and circumstances above described that the minds of planters were molded and prepared for the events of 18G1. A gen- eration had been educated in the belief that it was 82 not only right but a duty to conserve tlieir character- istic institution and that. when, by any means, slavery was at all endangered in the Union, the Southerner had a full right Ijy the tirst [)riMciples of American republicanism to retire from all pcjlitical connection with tlie non-slaveholding States and place slavery on a basis which could neve be threatened by the con- stantly swelling majorities of free hi' or. This sentiment, this conviction well instilled into the Southern mind and all that followed was easy. It onl^' remained to convince the South that the election which tiiok place in the Fall of 180O was an act of hostility to slavery sufficient to justify the long- meditated revolt. It was not urged that the election of Abraham Lincoi.n was in any respect conducted in an unconstitutional manner, or that he was nut fairly chosen by a decided electoral, tliouirh not a popular, majority. The principal upon which he went into the canvass and on whicii he was elected was only a polit- ical opinion, and eleven States declared that he should never be their President or President of the United States because of thar political opinion. He held that in the nature of things the system of compulsor3' labor and the law giving property in man are unjust in themselves and can have no sanction in the general principle of jurisprudence, but rest wholly on the provisions of special and local law ; that in re- spect to the unsettled territories, the Constitution ought to b-- so construed as to consecrate them forever to free labor, and leave them open for ihe immigration of white laborers who should own the soil they tilled, rather than to immigrants who sought to make property of both soil and its tiller : that while the Constitution does not interfere with the local law that sustains slavery in certain States, it can declare wheth^■r territories shall or shall not be slavehokling, and that wherever a doubt exists, a construction should be given favorable to freedom and progress, rather than a concession to an unfortunate relic of despotism left in the constitu- tion o* a democratic republic. In the canvass of 1860, Mr- Lincoln had, moreover, expressed his con- viction that a natural and insurmountable an agonism *ix sts between the two systems of free and slave labor ; and that the nation would not long exist half slave and \\i\M tree, but would at some time, not far distant, become all one thing or all the other. The opinions of the candidate for whom most of the Southern votes were cast were understood to be that congressional discussions of the inherent right of slavery were unnecessary, ill-tnned and impolitic; that, as the Constitution guarantees security to slavery in neariy one-half of the States it ought to be 83 so construed as not to prevent the slaveholder from migrating with liis slaves to territories purchased by the tr asiire or won hj- the valor of citizens of all the States; that slavery ought to have an equal repre- sentation witli free laboi' in the Na'ional Congress, and in order to secure such equality no check ought to be imposed on the formation of slave States. The defeat of the candidate representing these ideas was understood by the South to be the exclu>ion of these principles from all future control in national coimcils. It was not said or believed that the suc- cessful candidate would, upon taking his oath of office, proceed at once to open a crusade U( on slavery as existing in the States. All that was feared, and all that was urged as ground for protest even to rev- olution and blood against the recognition of Lincoln by the South was, that by the principles announced in his canvass, he was pledged to oppose and veto the admission of any moie slaveholding States ; that he would favor the action of Ccmgress abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia, and that in case of a vacancy occurring on the bench of the Supreme Court, a man >»ould be appointed who would think with CtJRTissand with McLkan, rather than with Campbell and with Tanev, on the vexed question of the status of the African by general American law. In other Words, the South saw in the administration of Lincoln tiie settlement of three important issues, each adverse to slavery and tending to its extinction: no more clave States ; no more slavery on soil belong'ng to the National Government ; and no more Dred Scott decisions. One sentiment became almost universal in the slaveholding Sta'es as s(jon as the election of Lincoln was assured : that the South owed it to herself and her principles to accept a magistrate, if he wore ac- cepted at all, under protest, and to show by proofs unmistakable that each of tho«e points adverse 1o the South would be carried, if at all, only in the teeth of a fierce and unyielding opposition. It was, moreover, urged bv the orators in all the slave States that no man would be worthy of the respect or confidence of his fellow-citizens who would accept any appoint- ment, whatevi r, from the obnoxious magistrate, and that a Lincoln collector of customs or a Lincoln post- master would be liable to mob violence and death itself. In Soutli Carolina the teachings of their be- loved and admired statesman were recalled and his doctrines followed with unflinching logic to the des- perate extreme. "With one accord the leading men of that State believed that the crisis predicted by th^-ir greatest citizen, when all the advantages of the Fed- eral Union wou'd be outweighed by the danger to 84 slaverj' from the Federal Government had cume ; that, in their opinion, the great ends sought by tlie Union, so far as the South was concerned, could no longer be secured; that Unionism had been tried and iiadbeen lound insufncieni to protect Southern institutions, and was, therefore, dangerous and obno.xions to the South ; that American politics had become wholly sectional, and the weaker section was now at the mercy of a bold, triumphant and increas ng raajoritw It must be remembered, too, that aside from, yet springing out of this radical diff rence on the subject of the agitation of slavery, there had been growing for generations a personal antipathy between the citizens of the Northern and Southern States. There were difterencss in the form of worsh p, differences in social ideas and habits, differences in personal man- ners that divided the Southern planter from the mer- chant or artisan at the North by an interval almost as wide as that which separates Americans from the Edglish. In some States this antagonism was as ancient as the English revolution of 1(J44. Massachu- setts even then, though but an infant colony, was in hearty sympathy with the Puritans and their valiant leader ; while Virgii.ia, with her hereditar}' aristocra- cy, her large landed estates, and with the established Church of England for her religion, never lost her ad- miration for monarchy, nor ceased to sympathize with th'i sufferings of the dethroned and beheaded Chaki.ks. The social ideas in a country wheiv lands are surially different from the institut ons and manners of com- munities where the average size of the farms is sixty acres. With her single and all-monopolizing interest of agriculture, hardly conceiving of a fortune that did not consist to a great extent in landed estate spend- ing lavishly the ample re urns of a virgin soil, and conscious of the ability to remove at any time from an exhausted to a fresh plantation, it was hardly to be expected that Virginia planters should admire or even respect the energy, the thiift, the rigid economy by which the Northern communities maintained themselves in comfort, notwithstanding the sterility of their soil and the severity of their climate. The Southern planter was naturally jealous of those com- mercial and manufacturing interests by which fortunes were accumulated beside which his possessions .-hrunk to a mere competency, and cities were built which fiir outshine anythiiiji that he could boast upon his soil. Whi c facts and figures convinced the planter that his section was numerically and in all the exter- nal signs of power the inferior of the free States, and while he admitted the intelligence and superior culture of the Yankee, he ever plumed himself on what he 85 considered bis superior qiuilities. Tiie liabit of coin- iiKuid which his institution had given him. and the shvvish deference and obedience of the subject race, ten ied to exagtituted guardians i)f tiie slaves themselves. '• That slaver}' was a blessing to the African, and their worst foes were those who intermeddled in their be- half; that freedom would be their doom, and their residence here in the presence of the vigorous Anglo- Saxon race would be but the signal for their rapid extermination before they would had time to waste away through listlessness, 111th and vice." Furthermore, he urged this duty as imposed upon them Ijy the civilized vvorld ; that slavery, notwith- standing all the attacks upon it, had steadily increas- ed for thirty years, and had enlisted the mateiial interests of Euglind in its support; that the enrich- ing commerce which had reared the splendid cities and marble palaces of England as well as America, had been largely established upon the products of Southern soil ; and the blooms upon their fields gathered by black hands had fed the spindles and looms of Man- chester and Birmingham not less than of Lawrence and Lowell, and if a blow were to fiill on this system of labor the world would totter at the stioke. And, finally, he declared that in the great struggle the South were the defenders of God and religiou ; that the abolition spirit was but Jacobinism in anothtr form, and availing itself of the morbid and misdirected 88 sympathies of men, it liad entrapped \reak cemsciences in the meshes of its treachery, and now, at hist, had seated a high priest upon the throne clad in the bhick garments of discord and schism so symbolic of its ends. What does this declare, what can it decl re bit that from hencefor h this is to be a government of section over section ; a government using constitutional forms only to c^nlmrrass and divide the section ruled, and as a fortress through whose embrasures the cannon of legislation is to be employed in demolishing the guar- anteed institutions of the South. "I say it with solemnit}' and pain." cimtinued the orator, 'this Union ot our forefathers is already gone. It existed but in mutual confidence, the t onds of which were ruptured in the late election. For myself, I say, under the rule which threatens us, I tlirow oft" the yoke of this Union as readil}' as did our ancestors the yoke of King George III., and for causes immeasura- bl)' stronger than thos-^ pleaded in their celebrated declaration." After suggesting the various obj ctions then urged for quiet submission to the Presidentelect, and giving what seemed to his audience asatisfactorv refutation, the oration concluded with the following paragr .ph : ■' We may for a generation enjoy compra- ativc ease, gather up our feet in our beds and die m peace ; but our children will go forth beggared from the hoinus of their fathers. F shermen will cast their nets where your proud commercial navy now rides at anchor, and dry them upon the shore now covered with your bales of merchandize. Sapped, circumvent- ed, undermined, the institutions of your .soil will be overthrown, Mud within five and twcnt}' years the histo y of St. Domingo will be the record of Louisiana. If dead men's bones can tremble, ours will move under the muttered curs s of ^olls and daughters denounc- ing the blinrange groves or (jf his sugar-house ; in the temples de(iicated to religion, in the halls of legislation, and may be taken as the most glow'ing. the most emphatic and generally popular setting forth of the sentiment of the most cultivated and moral people in the South, that an}' public man has made. And Dr. Palmer was a disciple and admirer of Cal- houn, and his friend and cn-laborer in South Carolina, Rev. Dr. Thornwell, took ground precisely similar and counselled prompt secession for the protection of slavery, even though it launched the South upon a sea of blood. As with these leaders in the Presbyterian Church, so in the Episcopal, Methodist and Baptist. The ministers of Christ were all clamorous for war. Petek did not draw his sword with more zeal to smite the capt r of our Savior, than they counselled war, and in many cases, entered the military service to tight for the perpetuation of slavery ; and the ground univers- ally taken was that so clearly stated by Dr. Palmer, that the South was the Heaven-appointed guardian of slavery, and it was their sacred duty to see that the institution suffered no harm nor submitted to any threat of attack from the numerically superior North. Thus will be seen the degree to which the virus of South Carolina doctrine had inoculated all the influ- ential and cultivated class of Southerners. A gener- ation had been ediicated into the conviction that the preservation of slavery was a matter of more import- ance than the preservation of the Union. Loyalty and devotion to the Union had for a gener- ation been growing less in the Southern heart, and could hardly be said to have existed in 1861. The planter was loyal to slavery and determined to pre- serve and extend it at all hazards, and this resolution was paramount to an}' sentiment of Unionism, any love of the whole country. With him the Union was an equivocal ble-sing, good, indeed, if it left him and would leave his children in full and perpetual enjoy- ment of slavery and the right of extending its area equally with the extending area of free labor, but when it failed of that, to be cast aside as a forgotten garment or left to be consumed in the fire of a gen- eral revolution. 90 In the chapter which succeeds, there are detailed the political manoeuvers by which secession became an accomplished fact. But every attentive student of American history must see that the elemtnts of the storm had long been in ferment, and an instrument far less potent than Prospero's wand would be able at any time to unchain the powers of the air and put the wild waters in a roar. For more than a generation agencies. h^d been quiet- ly but actively at work which culminated in a violent and bloody civil war, raging, for four years, over thousands of square miles, destroying half a million of lives and thousands of millions of property ; yet aris- ing, apparently, from no circumstances more exasper- ating than the election by legal voters and through constitutional forms of a President distasteful to tiie States lying South of the Potomac. The disintegrating and centrifugal tendency of Southern institutions ; the slow and reluctant adhe- sion of several of the Southern States to the Federal Union ; the doctrine of State Sovereignty first pro- pounded bj' the States of Virginia and "Kentucky, revived by South Caiolina ; first to enforce the doctrine of local free trade in the teeth of a national tariff ; and again, as a refuge and remedy for anti-slavery agitation, and for that purpose recommended and enforced by the deepest thinkers and the most fiery orators of the South ; the ambition 'f Southern cities lioping to become inde|)endent of Northern ports of entry ; and the doctrine widely dissemin..ted by the whole Southern pulpit that the perpetuation of slavery was a great moral trust committed by God to the slave- holding States, these were the facts, the doctrines, the influences by the action of which the Southern mind became ripe for revolt. COLONEL CHARLES E. LIVINGSTON. Note 2 to Pare 16. Foot Note ]\. 7th Line Having applied to parties who were supposed to be cognizant of the military service of Colonel Chaki.es E. Livingston, without receiving the desired infor- mation, I am compelled to rely upon the reminiscences of one of his former associates in command. He is stated to have been a pupil of the United States West Point Military Academy, but was forced to re- linquish his studies, there, in consequence of ill health. When Colonel W. P. W. assumed command of the Seventy-sixth New York Volunteers, Colonel C. E. L. was its Major. The latter acted lor some time as commandant of the city of Fredericksburg, arid is said 91 to be handsomely mentioned in Captain Noyes' "Bivouac and Battlefield." Subsequently he was attached to the staff of Major-General DouBLEnAY. At the two battles of Gaincsvilh'. nnd Bull Run Second, he was serving with his regiment and his colonel had occasion, each time, to speak of his cour- age and good conduct. At Gmnesi-ille he was of the greatest assi.^tance in encouragina: the men and main- taining the line under a very hot fire — a fire so severe that the Seventy-sixth lost one-third of its men in line. Upon this occasion his behavior could not have been better. At BuU Run. Second, he was also most efficient. Colonel L. was captured in this fight, as was reported, through his horse rearing and falling upon him. Tn several other battles he was on General Doubleday's stafi", and until the time Colonel W. resigned the command of the Seventy-sixth, after ChanceUorsviUe (\n consequence of severe sickness in- curred in service, from which he has not yet entirely recovered), excepting when Colonel W. was on sick leave from middle of September to beginning of No- vember, 18G2, during which period also, Colonel L. com- manded the Seventy-sixth X. Y. He was also in com- n.andbefore Petrrslmrg. Cobmol L. suffered a great deal from ill health, but on the battlefield his conduct was unexceptionable. Further particulars of the services of Colonel L. will appear in tlie ''History of the Seventy-sixth N. Y. V.," by Captain A. P. Smith, of Cortland Village, which ought to issue from the press in a short time. Note 3 to Paragraph 2, Page 20 29th N. Y. V. Lieutenant Henry Livingston Rogers, grandson of Hon. John Swift Livingston, of Tivoli, was born in the city of New York, but brought up in his grand- fivther's house, and consequently may be claimed as another representative of Red Hook. He went out early in 1861. as Quartermaster of the Twenty-ninth New York Volunteers, and throughout his service proved himself a very efficient officer. When his Colonel. VON Steinwehr, became acting Brigadier- General, Lieutenant Rogers continued with him and acted with equal energ}' as brigade quartermaster proving himself under all circumstances, not only brave but energetic and reliable. His mother, Mrs. Rogers, presented a beautiful silk. National (U. S.) Hag to the Twenty-ninth New York Volunteers, before it left New York, which flag is now deposited in the Tro])iiy Hall of tlie Bureau of Military Statistics at Albaiiv. 92 Norr. 4 to Pace 22, I 3d. 20 N. Y. S. M. Immediately after the news of tlie tiring upon Furt Sumter, and responsive to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 Volunteers, tiiis regiment offered its services. Althongli at once detailed, some delay oc- curred before it was accepted. From Kingstcjn it proceeded to Annapolis, thence to Annapolis Junction, Haltimore, etc. It lay in camp, for the greater part of the time, to tlie right or the South and East of the Baltinu)re and Washington Railroad, guarding the same and coterminous districts. As repre>entatives of this company district (formerly Twenty -second, now Twenty-first Regiment. Ninth Brigade, Third Division N. Y. S. M.) there were a number of men from the Upper District of Red II(/ok, of whom the following have been reported : Andrew Decker. — He eidisted three consecutive times and served honestly and faithfully until killed under Sheridan at Cedar Creek, in the Shenandoah Valley, 19th October, 18G4, either in the Sixth New York Cavalry, or, as some say, the Fifty-si.xth New York Infantry or the First New York Chasseurs. Charles Decker. Montgomery Marshall. — Returned home broken down in health. Adam Moork. Edward Snyder. — Afterwards deserted. ■ Charles Statley. — He enlisted three consecutive timess and came home Orderl}^ Sergeant. Wm. H. Stocking. — Served honestly and faithfully three enlistments ; at Gettysburg he was shot through the leg above the ankle, so bad a wound he was olf r- ed his discharge, but refused it. He was in swimming- at City Point when the fiimous explosion t ok place in June, 1864, and although 5 were killed and 17 were wounded in the detachment of his own regiment stationed there, and an immense destruction occurred, he escaped without the slightest injury In the Fall of 18G1 the Ulster County Guard again took the field as a regular United States Volunteer R giment, and was known as the Eightieth New York Volunteers. For details of the services of this regiment see Ap- pendix, page i. to liv. There were twenty-five men from the Upper Dis- trict of Red Hook in Company B. Their names were as follows: 1. Wansbrough Blo.vham. — Shot through the arm in carrying the colors at Gettysliurg. 2. John Decker. — Shot by accident at Upton Hill, opposite Washinditon, died 21st March, 1862, brought home and buried at the Old Red Church, northeaftt 93 . of Marlalin. See pa?,es 0S-G9. ?,. Oswald Decker.— Wounded witli a buckshot in the breast at Manassas or Bull Run, Second, where Colonel Pratt was likewise mortally wounded by a bucksjiot which lodged in his spinal n\arrow, from whicli he died in a few days. 4 MoRi-.AN Denegar. 5. Charles Garrison. 6. Theodore Garrison.— Shot through flesh of thigh at IManassas or Bull R 'n. Second. 7. Christian Grintler, Senior. — Discharged and died of dropsy, brought on by effects of severe service, after his return home. See page 70. 8 Christian Gruntler. Jr. — Died of wounds re- ceived at Manassas or Bull Run, Second. See page 70. 9. John IIatton. See page 55. 10. Wm. it. Hoffman. 11 Geo W. Kellv. — Killed at Manassas or Bull Run Second. 12. Alfred Lasher (son of Widow Sarah Lasher). — Killed at Manassas or Bull Run, Second. 13. Pfter W. Lasher. 14. Robert McCarrick. 15. Charles Macniff. — Twice wounded, slightly in the arm under Buknside at Fredericksburg First, and above the forehead at Gettysburg. This brave soldier was finally appointed Sergeant and detailed for Ambulance service at headquarters. 16 James or Jacob Minklei:. 17. Adam Moore. — Twice severely wounded and then injured in a blow or tornado at Point Lookout. 18. Frederic Overmier (Sergeant).— Twice wound- ed slightly in the breast at Manassas or Second Bull Run, 30th August, 1862, the bullet lodging in a testa- ment in his pocket, and in the foot at Gettysburg. 19. David A. Paulmatier. 20. Lewis Redder. — Killed at Manassas or Bull Run Second, 30th August, 1862 Hiram Risedorf. —Died of typhus fever at Upton Hill, opposite Washington, and was buried at Falls Church, Va. See pages 61-62. 22. Frederic Simmons. 23. John H. Swartz. 24. Rttffs Warringer. — Killed at Antietam. 17th September, 1862, by a Minie ball through the bowels. 25. David Wool (colored). In Company A, which was entirely composed of Duchess County men, there were several, perhaps quite a number, from the Lower District of Red Hook. Their names have never been furnished to the writer, nor has he any means of ascertaining them. From the Upper District there were two brothers : 26. Marcellus Stocking. See page 55. 27. Wm. H. Stocking. 94 It is said there were no other Red Hook men in any other companies than A and B in this reG;iment. After Gettysburg, this regiment, which went out about 1,000 strong — it brought home only 150 men — on'y 00 men could be brought into line of battle. Tn the three days fight it did magnificently and suffered severely, having 34 killed and 110 wounded. During this battle, at one time, Colonel Gates himself carried the colors while mounted and under fire. Wm. II. Stocking says that he counted the marks of IC gun- shot wounds in the co'onel's horse, and yet the animal survived to come home. BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. Note 5 to Page 25. — Derived from Corresvondkxce WITH Ma.ior- General S. W. Craavfokd. Third Division, Fifth Corps (Crawford's). In the general march of the Army of the Potomac, northward, ray division passed through Hanover on the night of the 1st of July. I marched all night and just before morning halted at a little town" called Brnshtoicn to rest. Tlie men lay down in the road. It was not yet day wlien an aide of General Sykes, who commanded the Fifth Ct>rps, came to me with orders to ])ush on, at once, without letting the men have coftee. I moved as soon as we could dis- tinguish the road, but was soon oltliged to halt and give the road to Gregg's cavalry, who were going to the froi.t. In my rear was 8f.dgwick with the Sixth Corps. I pushed on after the cavalry to Bonaugh- toicn, sending my ammunition train to the left, at the edge of the town, with orders to strike the Baltimore turnpike. I marched on to the middle of the town, and striking a road, to the left, crossed to the turnpike, and aftei- a short march crossed Boclc CreeTc, turned in to the left, in rear of Wolfs Bill, and halted. It was not yet noon, and my nren enjoyed several hours of much-needed rest. Meantime a staff officer from General Sykes (^aine to me to learn the situation of the division, and stated that a staff" officer would report to me at 3 o'clock to conduct me to my posiiion on the field. About o\ a staff officer from General Sykes (Lieu- tenj^'j,; Ingham) came tt) me with orders for nie to march to the hattlefield, following the Second Divi.sioii of my corps. He had no orders to conduct me i i person. The Second Division lay in my front among the rocks and ravines of Wolfs Hill. I had recon- noitered the position and had found a by-road leading around the left of Wolfs Hill. It led through the 95 woods and struck the road alonjT vvliicli the Second Division was marching!:. When the head of iny col- umn struck the road I halted to allow the Second Division to pass. Before it could pass, it halted, faced about, and returned ; its new route leading away from the field. I could get no infoimation, but, dis- patching a statf officer to General Sykes, I awaited his return. About a mile in my front and to the southwest the battle was raging fiercely, and in a few moments, a staif officer, named Captain Moore, came to me in a state of great excitement and begged me to go at once to '•those hills," as the enemy had driven our men back and were trying to get the hills and if they did, the Army could not hold its position. He said he was an aide of General Meade's, as I understood him, and that General Sickles had directed him to get any as- sistance he could, and to order any command there he could find. The following colloquy then took place: General Cuawfokd — ^''1 am perfectly willing to go with you at once if you c in give me the proper oiders. I have heanl the firing, and am anxious to get to tlie field. If you are an aide of General Meade you can give me liis order." He tlien interrupted me — "lam not an aide of General Meade but of General Sickles, and he ordered me U) tike any command I foun« prepared to support the troops figliting in front, in case they were compelled to fall back. I made the movement at once, but it wa>* not completed, and my rear brigade was marching into position, when I again received orders from General Sykes to send a brigade to the support of General Barxes (as the staff officer stated), who had been fighting on my immediate left, in the gorge between the Sound tops. This order was very unnecessary. Vincext's brig.ide had already repulsed the attack and he had h)st liis life. General Rice was commanding. General Bakxes wdio was temporarily commanding Griffix's Division (First of Fifth Corps) was not on tliat part of the held. I sent Colonel Fisher, commanding my Third Brigade, to Rice's su])port. Before he could move out, the tiring in front becatne more and more continuous and iletermin- ed, as well as closer. The enemy were ad- vancing rapidly. He liad broken Sickles at the Peach Orchard, and was advancing directly on the right Hanks of the brigades to the right of the cross road above spoken of, and driv- ing them in, with great loss. Zook, Brooks, and finally Ayres, with his division of Regulars, all were retreatinir. The space in my fron'. the ravine and the woods were filled witti fugitives. Seeing the condition of things I sent Captain Louis Livixgstox, one of my aides, to General Sykes, reporting tliat our men were all breaking, and asking him for orders. He brought me a message from General S. to the effect that '' Gen- eral Crawford was on the gr"und, and must judge what to do for himself." My command was drawn up on tlie slope of Little Round Top, and was .about half \ray between the cross road and the crest. Wheaton's Brigade (Sixth Corps) had come up, and was drawn up nearly in prolongation of ray line, crossing the cross road to the right. Meantime Ayres had crossed my front in retreat, and the enemy had followed him, (Iriviug the troops in his front, down through the woods and wheat field to the stone v\'all. 97 Here the enemy re arranged his line, crossed the stone wall, and was coining in line of battle across the ri'vine, toward the Round Tops. Riding in front of my line, I ordered a forward movement, directing Captain Livingston and Captain Ai-ciimltty to assist me in leading on the men. The entire command moved at once. I found myself in the front line and lit-side the colors of the First Penusyhania Reserves. Captain, now Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, Livingston, was on one side of Uie, and Captain, now Brevet Lientenant-Colonel, AuciiMfTY, ray Acting Adjutant- General, on the other, hoth engaged in animating the m.-u. The color sergeant of the First Regiment had heen shot in the hand, and the colors were being car- ried by a corporal (Swope). I leaned over, and seizing the tlag, lifted it above and called '" Forward Reserves! " and away wt- went down the slope, across the small branch and on toward the stone wall. Between the SI one wall and the branch, we met the enemy's skir- mishers, drove them bac/k with a run on their line of battle, which we encountered just in rear. My whole line opened on ir, with great enthusiasm and shouting. Recrossing the stone wal', the enemy endeavored to resisr our approach, but on we went, when the enemy hastily retreated, leaving a stand of colors and many prisoners in our hands. In crossing the stone wall Colonel Taylor of the Penn.sylvania Rifles {Buck- tails) was killed .at the head of his reginjent, shot through the heart. We had crossed into the wlieat tield, when finding myself without support, und the enemy holding a ridge in my front as well as the woods on my lett, I refused my left and establish- e ' my entire command behind the st ne wall, skirting the woods. General Sykes having declined to send me support, my left was thrown along HoucTcs Hill. My skirmisiiers were thrown forward int(j the wheat lield, but a severe tire was kept up on their left flank, and in visiting the skirmish line at midnight, crawling carefully out to it with Captain AucHMrTY, I found it within pistol shot of the enemy, who had establish- ed himself in front, on a ridge beyond, and who en- flladed my skirmish line from the left. Seeing this. I directed the brigade commander to draw his skirmish- ers closer and consolidate his comm .nd behind the stone wall. At daylight the enemy seeing my posi- tion opened with musketry, but tailed to make any impression. Bautlett's Brigade or Division of the Sixih Corps was now moved up to my right and rear toward Trostle's house. When General Mrade had the disaster of Sickles reported to him, he directed Williams' Division of Twelfh Corps (Slooum) from the extreme right, with 98 some troops from the First Corps (Newton, centre) U) proceed at once to the Sound Tops, whicli were reported lost, and to retake the ground. Tliey were met with the report that we had ah-eady driven back the enemy, and they were ordered back to tlieir own works, into which Early's troops had pene- trated on Culp^s Hill. Meantime Fisher had moved with his britrade to the left, crossing the top of Little Found Top in rear of the batteries (Weed) and joining Yin(^ent's Brig- ade, now Rice's. The enemy under Hoou had endeav- ored to penetrate the gorge between Sound Top and Little Round Top. Hood's Division was on the ex- treme right of the Rebel line, and tliis artack was part of the general movement in following up the attack on Sickles. Hood was repnlsed, and Fishek arrived with my Third Brigade jnst after the enemy had fallen back. We did not, at that moment, hoXARovndTop propter. Tbe troops under Fisher and Rice faced tow- ard it. About dusk an aide-de-camp from Colonel Fisher came to me with a report from tlie Colonel that the enemy were on Round Top, and asking permission to take it. I rode to the spot and me Colonel Fisher and gave him the order in person to take the hill. He and Rice moved up the hill in line of battle; the Twentieth Maine being deployed as skirmishers in their front. A few shots were fired, and a few stragglers of the enemy taken prisoners. Heavy breastworks were thrown up from the top of Roitnd Top, down its slope and across the gorge tow- ard Little Round Top. Thus ended Thursday's light on the left. The Sixth Corps, under Sedgwick, had not participated, and were now massed in the rear of our left, now secure against attack. OBSERVATIONS. That the movement above described saved the Round Tops from seizure by the enemy, I have no doubt. Tliftt the enemy could and would have taken them is to me unquestionable, and because— 1. They were the key of our position, and it was his second attack upon them, and once in his poset.- sion our trains and depots at Westminster,were exposed to capture, and we would have been oMiged to fall back. 2. Because our own troops, on and about the Round Tops (we had none on Round Top proper), were shaken by the repulse, and were not in a condition to resist unless the Sixth Corps could have been made available, and, even then, the enemy would have been in possession of the ridges before it could have been sup- poreid. The artillerists on Little Round Tbphad given 99 up hope of saving their guns, and were about moving their horses to the rear when my movement was made. 3. Night was so near th.it any repulse or disaster could not have been retrieved, and although we might have retaken tlie hill, it would have required daylight. 4. The question is not one of infinite probabilities, but what force actually repulsed the enemy. This has been shown above. Friday, July 3. — .\fter Pickett's charge and attack and subsequent repulse. General Meade, with Weight, Sedgwick and others, came to Little Round Top. Straggling Rebels were seen going toward their lines, which, on their extreme right, were still held by Hood, whose troops held the wooils on my left flank, as well as HoucFs Hill in front of Round Top. His sharp- shooters were so annoying, that no one could show themselves near any of the rocks on Little Round Top, without drawing their tire. Seeing my command in position near the stone wall, General Meade MS^ed whose it was. General Sykes replied that it was Ceaw- ford's. General Meade then directed th.it I should take my command and ''clear those woods," pointing to the wjods opposite to the Round Tops. Said he, "I do not know what force you may find there, but if you tind they are too strong for you, you can come back.'' 1 joined the command and directed the move- ment. I moved the whole command to the right until ir was pari-allel to ihe cross road skirting the wheat field. The moment the movement was begun, the enemy opened from a battery on the ridge, throw- ing grape and cannister. Fortunately the woods screened my command from view, and, under their cover, I detached a regiment to move cautiously tow- ard the battery and tiirow forward skirmishers to control its fire, and if it should not be supported to charge upon it and take it. The regiment moved as di- rected, and after a few shots, the section,which was not su[)ported, limbered up and fled. I then directed the brigr.de commander (Colonel McCandless) to move forward in line of battle and clear the woods in his front. This order was sent by Captain Livingston, and in couveyinti it he had to pass over the most exposed part of the field. He conveyed it coolly amid the enemy's fire, and returned under the same fire to me. I did notexp3ct he would escape. When MoCandless moved I directed General Baetlett, who was order- ed to support me, to advance two of his regiments to the stone wall, and to hold the position, while another regiment was sent toward Trostle's House to relieve the regiment previously sent to silence the battery on the cr^'st. McCandless moved into the woods, but inclined too much to his right, when I sent a staff 100 officer to change his direction. This was done, and chana;ing front to rear, his men, with a k)ii(l shont, came upon tlie flank of a brigade of Hood's Division, who were entrenched in the woods on the left flank of my previous position and -At right angles to it. Afrer a snort fight the enemy retreated, tunning over one of his own brigades, vrho were massed in tlie rear of tiie command, entrenched in the woods. They Avere in a deep hollow, perfectly protected and were sup- l)lying the sharpshooters at work on IIouc¥s Hill. who were firing on the Round Tojjs. They ran with- out firing a shot, abandoning their arms, etc. Another brigade of Hood, under Bexxing. who weve further to the right, also hastily retreated. Hood's whoh- Division were by this movement surprised and driven from the field. The wtxids were cleared and tlie enemy retreated a mile distance, where lie strongly entrenched himself. Nearly 200 prisoners. 2 guns and 3 caissons, and over 7,000 stand ot arms were recovered by this movement. Many of these arms l)elonged to our own men, and the Rebels had piled them in huge lieaps, ready lo burn them. A question has arisen whether this was not the mome t to move with a large force, from our left, upon Lee's shaken forces. The Sixth Corps were fresh and we could have sent a large body, and Lse's extended lines were very thin. (See Hancock's testi- mony before the '" Committee on the Comliiet of the Warr) This closed my fighting at Gettysburg. On Sunday 1 went out with the skirmish line and found the enemy had retreated before day. The conduct of Captain Livingston and of Captain AucHMUTY was highly creditable to them. The\ were untiring in their efforts, and did very much to contribute to the success of ray operations on l)oth Thursdav and Friday. *'* * * * *** In an interview with the Rebel General J. B. Hood, of the late Confederate Army, and his Adjutant-Gen- eral Colonel Selden, on December '2d 18G6, Major- General S. W. Crawfokd elicited the following facts in regard to the battle of Gettysburg. Hood said he had early perceived the importance of the Round Tops, and had urged an attack upon the Union flank from the Rebel right; their forces to be massea in the plain. South of the Ronnd Tops, on Thursday, July 2d, 1863. General Longstkeet, how- ever, his corps commander, would not assume the re- sponsibility. Thiswas early on Thursday. Again, after Hood was wounded in the general attack on Sickles, Colonel Selden urged General Law (who commanded Hood's Division, after Hood was wounded) 101 to push on to the Round Top, after McLaws' attack, but he, likewise, would not take the responsibility. He was afterwards reproved by Longsteeet, who was entirely convinced of the" importance of the movement. Colonel Sei.den was earnest in urging the occuparcy of Round Top, on Thursday, and said that Pickett's division would be up l.y night, and they would have plenty of men. It was ordered that McLaws should attack simultaneously with Iloon. McLavvs wa.s s'ow, in fact he was an hour behind hand in coming to the field. McLaws' led Longstreet's Corps, and should have been on the right and in front. He was so slow in his movements that Hood was ordered to pass him, and thus was on the right of the whole Rebel Army. In the attack on Sickles, McLaw did not attack until after Hood's repulse ; in the latter's attempt to get between the Round I'ops. Hdod's O' ders were for him to move up theEmmetts- burg Road to cross it, and swing round, with right toward the Round Tops, and move towards Gettys- burg. He, at once, explained the peril ofso doing; that his right 11 nk and rear would be very much exposed, if notpositively endangered ; but Longstreet insisted that this was the movement ordered by General Lee, and airain directed it to be carried out. Hood then asked Longstreet to come in person and look at the position. He did so, and the order was Then modified, so as to combine a direct attack upon the Round Tops. McLaws then drew back on Thursday evening, and retired beyond the Emmettsburg road. On Fridaij, Law, with part of his old brigade, Jennings' brigade, and Robertson's brigade was in the woods, opposite to the Round Tops, beyond Houcks' Hill. Anderson's brigade and the First Texas Regiment were down the Emmettsburg Road watching the Union cavalry, whither they were posted by Colonel Sei.den, the" Adjutant-General of Hood's Division. There was no connection between this force and the main body in front of the Round Tops. The Union Cavalry came in on the left of the First Texas, and passed through their lines. Rii.ey now opened with his battery, which had no sup- ports or force with it. and they "were thrown into con- fusion. Colonel Selden then detached the Second Georgia, which deployed and opened on the Union Cavalry; when they retreated. Hood .<.poke of Lee, as saying, before Gettysburg, ''The enemv (Union) are here and if ice do not uMp him. he vhII whip us.''' Previous to this, his former confident assertion used to be "The enemy are here and ice must (or icill) ivhip him.'''' Hood spoke of the value of moving down the mountains to Emmettsburg, 102 as the movement the Rebels should have made, and was of opinion the)' should nut have fought at Cjctti/.s hinr/. (The features of that battle-field prove that Lee, if he was the general, Rebels and sympathizers and panegyrists made him out to have been, was either not himself upon tliis occasion, or. as is most likely, one of the most over estimated phantasms mili- tary annals describe.) Hoon's opinion as to moving on Emmettsburg, rather than fighting at Gettysburg, led to the remark of Lec, with which this paragraph opens. Never before had he shown such lack of con- fidence, or seemed to be so shaken in his ctmviction of what the result was to be. Hood spoke of the Rebel at- tacks from Swell's Corps on their riglit, along their whole line, as being like (the see-saw on the swingle- tree, neither corps pulling together, or applying its force simultaneouslj-) that of a Ixilk}/ teaw- (In this as in many other particulars, there is a great similarity to the French aggressive, itc, at Waterloo likewise in the respective attitudes of the Rebel and Union and the French and British armies). He said there was nothing done in unison. LoMiSTREET, who did not wish to attack on Thursday until Pickett came up, expressed ex ctly this want of military simulta- neousness when he said, " He did not want to walk with one boot off." Captain Richard Tvlden Auchmuty, mentioned in General Craweord's narrative, was one of the most distinguished staff" officers who emerged from civil life to discharge the duties of a soldier. In lS61-*2, par- ticularly during McClellan's "Campaign on the Peninsula,'' he served on the stafT of Major-General MoRPvELL. At ChanceUorsriUei 1863, he was attached to the Staff of General Griffin, but was among those at the Chancellorville House, during the hottest fire, by which the Commanding General suflered so severely. At Gettysburg, and whenever and wherever he was on duty, in the field, his conduct was unex- ceptionable. Breveti d Lieutenant-Colonel United States Volunteers, for distinguished service, he only left the Army when the Rebellicm was subdued. He is the grand-nephew o, the famous Sir Samuel Auch- muty, who distinguished himself in the British Campaign against Buenos Ayres in 1806-'7, when he captured Monte Video, and by his ability redeemed thf incapacity of his superior, General Whitelock. Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Auchmutv's father was a Captain of Marines in the United States Naval service, and. among other cruises was in the Me nter- r;inean in 1816, whon Chauncy dictated terms to the De)^ of Algiers. As Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Rich- ard Tyldkn ArcHMUTY was born and b ought up at ion the oonntry seat now owned by Johnston Livingston, Esq.. next' south of Tivoli, he may be claimed as another one of those sons of Red Hook, who did honor to their birth-place by their patriotism and military conduct, and, as such, he is enti'Ied to this notice in an Addr ss dedicated to the soldiers of that town, whose exploits are ttie pride and property of its citi- zens, especially of the '' immediate neighborhood " of Tivoi.i and Madai.in. NoTK G TO Pack 25, 7th Line fkom Bottom, Text, 128th N. N. V. On the r2tli of August, 1862, a "War Meeting was held at the village of Madalin, which resulted in mus- tering in nineteen Volunteers, of a better class than those who generally respond, upon the spot, to an invitation to enlist Their names, worthy of commemoration, are as fol- lows. Thev are set down in the order in which they offered themselves to their country : 1. Benjamin H. Cooper, 19, Tivoli, a highly intel- ligent and active youth (educated at General de Peyster's Free School), whose acquirements soon led to his detail, although against the promptings of his spirit, to Bureau Service. 2. Geo. A. Norcittt. 18, Tivoli, who evinced upon all occasions, a d especially before Port Hudaoiu a gallantry of the highest type. See pages 40-41. 3. TewiS N. Casiidou.ar, 19, Tivoli. He was with bis regiment at Port Hudson, on the Red River, and in the Shenandoah Valley. In the chxrge of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth upon the Louisiana Tigers, in which the Rebel General York lost his right arm, he was hit at the upper edge of the middle third of the right leg. The ball penetrated six inches along the fibula bone, thence to the tibia, and descend- ed to the ankle joint. A portion of the lead was found in his shoe, and the same shot knocked off the heel. He lay on the field until 7 p. m., and was six hours in the hands of the Rebels. They did nothng for him except to give him a drink of water. This was little enough, since they stole his canteen, panta - loons and shoes Finally two dismounted United States cavalrymen came along and gave him their shelter tents, but left him. Afterwards he saw Hugh McGuiKE, One Hundred and Fifty sixth N. Y. V., from Saugeriies, just opposite Tivoli, with whom he was well acquainted. McGuire stopped three other soldiers and the four carried him a mile and a half from the battle-ground to the Sixth Corps Field Hos- pital. The surgeons, at this point, would have nothing to do with Casiidollar, as he belonged to the Nine- teenth Corps. McGuiRE and a Dr. McLawry, of the 104 One Hundred and Fifty-sixtli. tlien pu Oashooi.i.ai: in an ambulance, which transported him to the Sixth Corps Hospital, four miles further on. Her Casii- noT.i.AK refused to be taken out, as he wanted to get on to his own surgeon. Dr. Ani>hkws, of Poughkeepsie. He lay in the ambnlance from 8 to 11 p. m. He was then driven 3 miles to the Nineteenth Corps Hospital, w'dch he reached about midnight. Next day, about II A. M.. his leg was amputated below the knee ; about 5 p. .M. he came to, from the effects of chloro- form ; at 6 p. M. lie was put in an ambulance and ilriven nine mile-^ to Winchester. On the way thither secondary hemorrhage came on; the stump "had obe cut open and th- arteries again t-iken up. At Win- chester the accommodations for the sick were very defective in the way of sinks. A soldier shot through the hips, fell, from want of attention on the part of his nurses, ami in falling, to save himself, caught Casiidoli.ar's stump and burst the flap, so that the bone protruded three inches. The surgeons had to cut or rasp the edge of the btme off and allow the rest to slough. From Winchesrer, (.!ashdoi,lar was trans- ferred to Martinsburgh ; thence, in a (Jaftle car, to Baltimore ; thence to Philadelphia ; thence to Chestar, Penn , to receive his discharge. This seems to be a wonderful case of endurance and recuperative power, and attests a constitution such as few possess. 4 Jno. H. Hagar. 23, Madalin. mentioned at length in Address. See pages 16t, 26-'9, 36, 43, &c. 5. Geo. F. Simmons, 24, Madalin, the subject of particular notice in Address. See pages 40-'l, 49 &c. 6. Samuel Simmons, 25, Tivoli, rejected for consti- tutional defects. 7. Lewls S1MMON.S, IT), Madalin. 8. Montgomery Finger, 18, Madalin (a pupil of General de Peyster's Free §chool), a bright youth, but a victim to inflammatory rheumatism, who, although incapable of much field service, was of great use as a clerk and in the hospital. 9. Henry A. Rrdndage, 27, Madalin, a coolly brave, .solid soldier, and a worthy citizen. See page 71. 10 James Doyle, 23, Tivoli. 11. George Warringer, Madalin, rejected for con- stitutional defects. 12. Robert Rector, 28, Tivoli 13. Peter Moore, 18, Madalin. 14. Gilbert Dederick, 19, Upper Red Hook, 15. Albert Cole, 20, Tivoli. 16. Daniel Neenan. 35, Tivoli. His comrades do not endorse his record, 17. Peter Wyer or Dwyer. 26, Tivoli, killed at Winchester. See page 71. 18. Augustus Gcebel, 21. Madalin. 105 \'J. .)o[iN Van Etten, 47, Upper Red Hook ; died at Savaanah. See pai;es Gl-02. 20. (tEorue W. MiNKi.KK (nicknamed Lieutenant Jurge), 18. Madalin, a cool, j>;allant fellow. See page 4(). 21. Wii.i.iAM Hover, 23, Madalin, a gallant soldiei', badly wounded in the left arm at Fisher's Hill, under SlIEKlDAN. 22. John Emory Coi.e, 2'A. Madalin. 23. Robert M. Harris, 21. The Volunteers from Tivoli and Madalin say he did not muster in with the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth ; must have be' n in some other regiment. With the exception of No. 23, all these enlisted under Acting Company Commandant JonxsTON Liv- ingston de Peyster, aged 15-lG (now Brevet Lieu- tenant-Colonel United States Volunteers and New York Volunteers), at this time a pupil of the Highland Militarv C "liege, establi.-hed on West Point principles and plan. Note (J, to Foot Note * Page 25. {Lieutenant John jMcGill. Sergeant T. B. Paul- mi er, and Corporal Peter W. Funk, 150th Regt., N. Y Vols.) [Til ese sketches are printed almost verhatim from the original manuscripts famished btj the individuals to whom they relate. The onltj material changes made were from the first to the third p>erson.\ John AIcGill, born in the lown of Red Hook, in 183G enlisted, aged 25, as private, Oct. 1st. 1862, in the 150th N. Y. v., and was assigned to Co. F..Capt. John L. Green. The 150th, ordered off Oct. 11th, reached Baltimore, Oct. 13th, 18G2. Here, Oct. 15th, McGili. was appointed third Sergeant, Co. F. The 150th lay in cmp in Baltimore, durim: the winter of 1862, and spring of 1863. Januaty 1st, 1863, Mr. McGill, to- gether with three Corporals and twelve privates, was detached from the Regiment, and St .tioned at Locust Point, Md , to guard the Government Warehouse and Railro d, where he remained two months. While there, he reported that, no fault could be found with • the beliavior of the men, and that he had reason to be grateful tor the trict performance of their duties, by corporals Funk, Paulmier and Ostrander of Red Hook, who did all in their power to discharge every dutv assigned to them Feb. 26th, 1863, this detach- ment was recalled. Lieut Bowman, Co. F., acting Provost-Marhal ; Sergeant McGill commanding Pro- vost guard consisting of Corporal Ostkander and thirteen privates, next proceeded to Westmintifer, Md There they found themselves in the midst of an "Order of the Knights of the Golden Circle," backed 106 by numerous Rebel sympathizers ; likewise desertei-s. The men of the 150t]i, besides doing othei' duty, arrested maiij' of the above and took them to Balti- more, lor trial. With four men. M< Gill was then ordered back to Westminster, to take posse.>sion of a Palmetto iiag (it the house of one Dr. Showers. Placing two guards at each door, flesj)ite a < lowd gatliering around, he entered the house of Dr Sijoweks. and searched for the flag, which he found, up stairs, hidden in a barrel. As the sympathizers .■^wore the flag ought not lo be carried off, McGill expected every minute an att ick from the exasperated crowd. Never- theless, after numerous adventures, he succeeded in getting back to his main post, with the captured flag. June 30th, this post was attacked by Gcnl. Stewart's forces, when that Rebel general made his raid into Maiyland with 7,000 men. In the jilace ( Westmiiistt'vf) was Capt CoEBETT, commanding sixty of the First Deleware cavalry. Beside McGll's detachment, hese constituted the whole garrison Corrett made a gallant charge on Stew.^ut's advance cavalry, belong- ing to the First Virginia Horse. McGill attacked the Rebels from behind buildings and drove them twice; but, being surrounded by a large foice, the loj^al garrison was taken prisoner. Of the Federals two were killed and seven wounded. The Rebels lost one captain and two lieutenants killed, and had seventeen men wounded. The Rebels then marched their prisoners, through Pennsylvania, to Hanover, in that State. At this place, being attacked by the Union forces, the Rebels compelled their prisoners to form in line of battle to support one of their own bat- teries. While apparently supporting the battery, they were shelled by Ivilpatrick'.s gims. Mc(Jill said. "Boys we will not support that battery any longer.'" The Reb- els then tried to compel them to serve against their own people, but the loyal prisoners would not, and re- tired about fifty paces. Then Kilpatrick attackeil the Rebels and drove them. Tlie 'oyal prisonei's were next marched 118 miles to Dover, Penna., wiihout provisions or shoes; in fact the Rebels gave them nei- ther victuals nor drink. After this they were pa- roled by General Stewaijt and sent to camp Paoli, Westell' ster, Penna. Here they remained ten days, when McGiLL was ordered to repoit back to West- mitister, to perform Provost duty again. Promoted Second Sergeant, Co. F.,he remained there until Aug. 27th, when he was ordered to join his regiment, 150th and did so about September 1st, at Kelly's Ford ; inarched thence to the Raccoon Ford ; thence to Brandy Station; thence the regiment took transporta- tion for Stevenson, Alabama. It lay there a short 107 lime ami then wiissent \>ack to Normandy, Tennessee, when' it lay dining the winter, doing garrison duty iind suffering extremely from the cold. From Noruuindy, McTJill was detailed to go North for recruits. Together with Capt. Cogswell, he remained home seventeen days, and then was ordered back to his regiment, which he rejoined IMay 23d at Gassville, Georgia. The 150th marched May 24th and took part next day, 25th, in the battle of Dallas, in which the 150th suffered severely. The 150th also participated in the batfles of Pine Knob, J line 14th, Gulp's Farm. June 22d., Marietta, July 4th, Ch:\ttaehoochee River, July 7-17th. Within two in'les of Atlanta, a general engagement t-nsueil which resulteil m driving and confinmg the Rebels within their inner works. July 29th McGill was promoted to Orderly Sergeant, vice Ryan, died of ickness. Tiie 150th lay there under fire about six weeks, and then fell back again to the Chattachoochee Sept. 1st, Atlanta having capitulated to Sherman, the 150th was the second regiment to enter the city. After its rest at Aflantn the army started Nov. loth- 15th for Savanna]). During «he wliole march, the 150th was engaged in on y one skirmish, at San- dersvlTle Ga., (Nov. 25tb) with AVheeler's cavalry until the aru)y reached Ten Mile Fort, near Savannah. The brigade to which the 150th belonged having formed in line of battle in a rice swamp to charge on the fort, the Rebels let tiie water in upon them, nearly drowning the Union soldiers. Corporal Funk, being .-ihort of stature, had to swim for his life. The 150th then changed positi(m by the left flank, charged the fort, drove the Rebels and captured all their guns and ammunition. While l3iug before Savannah, the 150th Regiment, together with the rest of the 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 20th Corps, was sent to Askill's Island to gather rice, the men being in a starving conditi(m, since they had nothing but rice to eat. This they had themselves io pound out of the hulls, hardly getting enough to sustain life. During the whole time the 2d Brigade was on this island, it was subjected to a contir lied fire from the Rebel gun-boats. The 2d Brigade then crossed over to the Carolina shore and formed with both wings resting on the river, having the Rebel skirmishers in their front and gun-bonts in their rear Tlie 2d Brigade held its position until Savannah was evacuated, when it was ordered to re- port to Corps Headquarters in that city. The 150th crossed >\nd re-crossed, followed up by the Rebel skir- mishers. It was on this occasion, while subjected to a flank fire from the Rebels, that Colonel Ketcham, now Brevet Major-General and Member of Congress, was wounded, while riding along the line, giving 108 orders. Colonel KETrjiAisi contimiero. N. C. the 150th liad no fighting, but plenty nf privation and hard woik. During its long and arduous marcl), ii buiitmil sof corduroy roads, swam or wacto- ber 11th, arrived at Baltimore. October 13th, and went into (\i}up MH/iiigtoii, thence to Camp Badger, near Dnitd IJiU Park, where they put up a new bar- racks during the winter of '62 and '63. It lay there until it was ordered to join the Army of the Potomac, On its march to Getiijshur(/. and joined it ut Mouocacy Bridge. The C)ne Hundred and Fiftieth continued with the army until within two days' march of CiettYsi)urg. There the men of the One Hundred and Fiftieth were oidered to leave their knapsacks by the side of the road and proceed on to Gettysburg, where they could already hear the roar of the artillery; reached the battle-field about noon, July 2d. and lay as re-erve in a stubble tield. They were finally ordered up. towards night, to retake two pieces of artillery. They did so and then fell back again, lying all night on their arms The next dav, July 3d, they were ordered into the engage- ment. Tiiey participated throughout the battle, and came out scot free, and l,egan chasing Lee, and cha.sed him to WiUiamsport, but did not ca'ch him ; thence to Warreitfoii Jmiction, and finally to KcUy' s Ford, thence to Raceoon Ford, thence to Brandy Station. From this last place the One Hundred and Fiftieth proceeded by rail to Stereiison, Ala ; tlience to Nor- >iHi)idy, Teiiii., doing garrison duty until the following April, 1864. Then the One Hundred and Fiftieth started on the Atlanta Campaign. Funk participated in the engagement at ReMUca. Here our ''Boys in l^liie" defeated the Ficliels. as tliey did also at Z)(7?/as, Culpa Farm. Fixe Knob. Keuesaio Mountain. Feach Tree Creek, and in the general engagements, around Atlanta, Jidy 22d, giving them cause to always re- member SnEiiMAN, and his fighting men from the Army of the P(jt(imac. They then resumed their march for Saranuah, arrived before that city, and from that time forward participated in all the marches and battles and privations which are related in Lieutenant John M('G ill's narrative, ever doing their whole duty ; always thinking of home and loved ones there ; often dtsponding, heart-sick, weary, worn-out, only kept alive by the prospects of a speedy termination of the war. Thus, ever hoping, ever watching, at last, the One Hundred and Fiftieth, with the others, re- ceived the r reward in the final surrender of Joe Johnston's forces, the closing of the war, the march homewards and arrival there. The reception of the One Hundred and Fii leth by the people of Duchess County was a fitting one from a grateful people to its 110 brave sons, who had gone forth to battle for a nation's rights. All tluir hardships were now forgotten. With their armor and arms, the men of the One Hundred and Fiftieth lay aside all reniemhrances of their troubles and grievanees. In the narratives of Lieutenant McGill and Cor- poral Funk, the language of their autogi'aphs was followed wherever it was sufficiently clear to need no change to make it so. In the account of Sei'geant Paulmif.r, it became necessary to re-model com- pletely, since his remarks were too severe for this book. In fact, throughout, it is matter of regret that all strictures were not discarded and alt' ough thev were not, with rare exception, tiiose of the speaker and compiler, still it is to be resretted that they were not omitted, and, even softened as they have been, had the pages been printed otherwise than they were, disjointedly, and piece by piece, the stric- tures, referr. d to, would have been left out al- together. J. W. de P Thomas B. Paulmiek, a citizen of Red llook, aged thirty-one, bv occupation a painter, volunteered in the One 'Hundred and Fift eth N. Y. V., Company F. coui- manded by Captain John L. Grkkn. August 2Cth, 1862, he was appointed Corporal ; Mar h, 1863, Color- Corporal ; June 27th, on the march to Gettysburg, Color-Serge -nt Brandt, having been taken sicK or otherwise incapacitated. Paulmiek received and carried the State Color. In the baltle, July 2d, p. M., when the (Jne Hundred and Fiftieth and First Mary- land were ordered to advance, re-take two pieces of ar illery, and re-establish their lines, which they did, Paulmier volunteered to carry the County (U. S. ?) Colors (tile bearer having given out), which, during the two days' light, were torn in fourteen pieces by bullets "The boys all behaved manfully, sustaining the good name with which they left > ome.'' While chasing Lee, Paulmier was taken sick, but still c'ung to his colors until they reached Kelhfs Ford, when he was forced to give up and go into the hospital at Washington. Thence he was "• sent home to vote for Lincoln.' After election he was transferred to David's Island, N. Y. Haroor, where he acted for one year as Ward-Master ; thence to Bedloe's Island, where he acted for five months as Comndssary"s Clerk. In January, 1865, he re-joined his regiment, at Savannah ; marched with it through the Carolinas, up to the date n\' Johnston's surrender, and until it was mustered out at Poughkeepsu?. Sergeant Paul- mier claims for himself las a representative of Rf'd Hook), the credit of having carried our County Ill (country, i- e- V . S ?) Colors into its first battle, Oetfi/.ihiirr/, and bringing them out with honor, nlthongh Serueant Smali.ev of Compan}- G. received the name. Lieutenant McGill mentions him as a good, lirave, and i-eliable soldier. [IISTORY OF THE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH REGIMENT N. Y. VOL. INF. NoTK 8. Note to Page 31, LineIO, 150th N. Y.V. The ISOtii was nmstered into the service October llth, 1862 It arrived in Baltimore, Md., on the 13th, and early in November was put on guard duty in that city, subject to all the temptation.s of a populous and hus}'- seaport. It required the utmost vigilance to in intain discipline. In December, 1862 it was sent on an expedition to Adamstown, near Monocacy •Junction, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. This movement, intended to d'eck an expected Rebel raid, occupied about one week. The troops on their return to the city resumed their former guard duty. On the 25th day of .June, 1863, the regiment moved with the 1st Maryland-Potoniac-Home-Brigade. Gen- eral LocKWGOD, U S.A. in command, to join the Army of the Potomac. It reached iMonocacy Bridge, near Frederick Citj' on the 28th, and joined the 12th Corps forming a part of 3d Brigade 1st Division of that Corps, commanded by General Alpheus S.Williams. General Alfred B. Smith says. A. S. Williams com- manded the 12th Corps ; Brigadier-General Thomas H. RuGER, the 1st Division ; and General Lockwood the 2d Brigade. This Corps reached Gettysburg, Pa., on the morning of the 2d July, and supported the 3d Corps during the di\j. When o" the afternoon of that day the 3d Corps was pressed hard and forced back, the 1st Division. 12th Corps, drove the Rebels and the 150th captured two cannon, and participated with much credit in the general engagement of the next day the 3d. The 150th had 8 killed and 40 wounded in this action, and withstood, behind frail works, the furious attack which Ewell, the successor to Stonewall Jackson, made upon their left on that terrible day of conflict. Many of the men went into that fight bare- footed. The light boots, appropriate to guard duty in Baltimore, had given out, and Major Smith ttstifies that he saw many a rock marked with the blood of lacerated feet. With scarcely an exception, men and officers did their duty well ; all were eager for the fight. The long and tedious march after this battle is well known. The 12th had the reputation of being one of the most active corps in the army. It re- mained as rear guard one day near the scene of con- 112 liict, and then with marclies of 30, 28, and 27 miles pt'P da\-, readied tlie viciuit}- ol VViilianisport. Major Smith of the 15Ut.ii was on picker tlie night the Keliels crossed the river, and with liis ljrigade-[)ickei made an advjuice on the liebel lines, driving them halt a mile, and was thus enabled to discover the retreat ol the enemy. Upon that very report a general advance was ordered. The armv marched down to Harper's Ferry, and crossed the l^otomae there, pnrsuing Ljsk, and keeping him west of the mountains ; thence marched to the Kappahan- nock river. There it lay a niontii with a sick li.-t averaging from lUU to 25(J per day. The disease was typho-malariai fever, but tlirough the excellent care and experience of its noble surgeon. Dr. C. N Camp- BKLL, of Duchess county, it lost but very few men. Two officers. Lieutenants AI.aksh.mj, and W'ellixo. ooth of the same Company, C, and both from the town of Pleasant Valley (where tiieir fathers now re- side, and wiiere their bodies now lie buried), died of this disease. M.\rshall was sent to the hospital at Washington and died there. Welling stuck to his post and went with the regiment to the far West, re- taining the command o, his company until the 150th reached the far-famed Tullahoma, one of the scenes of liosECRANs's glory, the Thermopylae (of Braggj, of Tennessee. There, at length, worn out, he died, a true hero. Mone nobler ever fell on the battle-Keid ! The regiment re iched the place of winter quarters, Normandy, Teiines.-ee, about Jiie 1st of November, after having twice marched over tiie Cumbei-laiui Mountains to take part in the advance on Chatta- nooga. Twice the Rebels cut the road behind them, and the 1st Division, General A. S. WIlliams was ordered back to protect tlie road. The winter passed most tediously in the discharge oi' guard duty, watch- ing the railroad, and hunting Guerrillas. Unce they were sent down into Lincoln County and collected ^35,600 out of the Rebel farmers and property holders. $10 000 of this was paid lo each of the families of three Western soldiers who had been cruelly murdered in that vicinity. On their return to Tullahoma the band of robbers who had been prowling around them killed M- E. Udell, of Rhine- beck, Company F, 150th, and George Lovelace, of Stanford, Company C, 150ch. Through the etlbrts of Colonel Ketcham the balance of the money (1^5,000), was procured and assign d for their families and, was sent home to be paid V< them. While on tlie railroad the 150th could procure no sanitary supplies, as all trains ran through without stopping, and ail were elfected by the scurvy, badly. Wuon spring opened, this terrible disease had a hold, to some extent, un 113 every ni n and officer in the regiment. On the 25th of April, 18G4, the 150th commenced its march, for the hist time, for tlie front. On the 1st of May it readied Chattanooga, and on the 5th, at Buzzard Roost and Tunnel Hill, 25 mil s south of Chattanooga, the Du hess Boys first took pa't in that fighting which was going on either in the form of a skirmish or a battle, in front of our advancing army, until the 1st of September, when the army left Atlanta. The campaign was most vigorous, and with the exception of two days rest at Cassville, Ga., there was not an hour of the day or the night that did not ' ring with it, like the tick of the death watch, the sound of the bursting shell and the whistling bullet. The order was ''advance'' all day skirmishing and fighting, and •• build a line of works," before resting at night ; thus liberating the second line for Hanking On the 15th of May, 18G4, the battle of Resacca was fought. At Hrst the 150th was advanced in the 2d line; but as soon ^s the iutrenchments of the enemy were reached, and they opened upcm the 150th, this regiment was ordered to a hill on the extreme left in the front line, to hold it and prevent a tlank move- ment of the enemy. At the time it took up this posi- tion th re was quite an interval betw .-en the 150th and the remainder of the line. The importance of the position was evident; so, with permission from the Brigade Commander, the 150th ccmstructed a rude pile of rails and logs into a breastwork, and to this little precauticm we owe the success of that day. No troops, unp oticted, could have held the position un- der the terrible assault of a whole Rebel division which came upon them in a iew moments. Never did a Rebel column advance in better order than did those eight regiments, in double column, closed in mass. They wheeled in the open field in front of the 15th, and then moved upon it. At 300 yards the 150th opened, and 40 Rebel dead immediately strewed the ground. The assailants retired a short distance and then opened a most vigorous fire, making a pepper-liox of the house upon the hill, in which the 150th was posted ; beautifully mowing down the weeds in the garden in front, and splintering the rails by whicli it was protected. In this battle the 150th had none killed, but 9 were wounded, all of whom but one, it is reported, died, for some special reason, of the injuries received. On the 25tli of May, 1864. at Dallas or New Hope Church, the 150th had another desperate fight. The Buys marched up to within 150 yards of the well-built works of The Rebels, put eight of their cannon iu chancery, aiied. While in front of Atlanta, August, 1864, Lieutenant Jonx Sweet, of the town of Beekman, Company G, died of chronic diarrhoea, in th^; field hospital. After the fall of At- lanta the ]50tli worked busily at tbrtifying it until it was decided to start for the Sea. The command of the regiment then devolved upon Major, now Brevet Brigadier-General, Alfked B. Smith, of Poughkeepsie. This was on tiie 15th of October, and, from that time forward, lie commanded it all the time except onedav at Savannah, when General Ketcham came back, and was almost immediately wounded, in South Carolina. The march of Shekmax commenced at Atlanta, No- vember 15th, 1864. The incidents of thir. march are too well known to need repetition here. On the 10th of December, 1864, Siier^ian captured and entered Savannah, w^hich, in his emphatic language, he pre- sented, with its enormous spoils, as a Christmas gift to the loyal nation. Throughout this march strict discipline was ob- served in the 150th. Attendance to the hourly roll calls on the march was a capital measure and kept up the discipline. On the 17th of January, 1865. the Union 115 army left. Savannah. No line <>f l)attle opposed tlie 150th in the once urroi(lal>le and near-ai- hand in conseciuence of the arrogant menace con- tinued usur])ations and unprincipled doctr nes and action of the South the following paragraph occu-s : '• Again, in case that the Soutii (Private MSS . Opinions, Records and Notices. Vol. 1, No. 25, page 45,) should undertake to comi)el the North into respecting the Federal compact as understood by her own men, enough (Free-soil) citizen soldiers i ould be mobilized and sent into tiietield — without the Free States feeling the drain — to meet at least one-half of her disposable force; all that the South could ad- vance, as she would need the other half to meet the enemy (a terrible one) within her own borders. More- over, the Southern climate is hardly more destructive to Northern visitants than it is to its own children. No regiment withered away under the eftect ot hard- ship and privations in the Mexican war so fast as did the truly gallant South Carolina contingent. Nor would it be foreign to this consideration to refer to the ease with which regiments ot acclimated mxced racea could be organized under Northern officers, in case that the industrial requirements of the North should indicate that her ichite males were more valuable as operatives in the ranks of peaceful productiveness than as combatants in the armies >if destruction. To sum up this portion of the subject, it would l)e well for the Soutii to remember that three servile wars shook the Roman Republic, a republic of soldiers, to its foundation: and that St. Domingo swallowed up one of the tinesr and strongest armies which France ever sent from her shores, and acquired ^e neiii-hliorinjr N'orihern States, in wliich they miprht take refntre, and of invading tlie non-slave- hoiding States and even Canada, at tlie liead of a Inuidred thousand of the chivah-y of Virginia, for the extirpation of Abind the other in the left breast, each inflicting a mortal wound He was immediatel}' carried to the house of Mr. Harris Freeman, near Mount Holly Church, aViout one mile from Kelly's Ford. From this gentleman and his fiimily the dying soldier received the most tender at- tentions. Everything in their power was done to alleviate his sufferings, but without avail ; he sur- vived his wounds only twelve hours, dying at half- past one on the morning of September 18th. Sergeant McMuhLEN, of his company, remained with him until he expired, and then saw him buried just in the rear of Freeman's house. The grave was marked, and the body subsequently disinteired and brought back to New York. The funeral of Captain Augustus Baekek took place from St. Peter's Church, Albany, at 3 p. m., Saturday afternoon, and was largely attended. The funer.il cortege consisted of a detachment of the Twenty- fifth Regiment, the City Volunteers, Captain Marshal, preceded b} Shreiber's Band. The remains of the gallant officer were deposited in the Cemetery, Octo- ber 10, 1863. Captain Augustus Baeker was with Brigadier- General E. H. Stoughton when he was betrayed at 119 Fairfnx by that modern Delilali, Miss Antonia J. Ford, IIoi orary (?) Aide de-Camp to the famovis Rebel cavalry treneral, J. E. B. Stuart, into the hands of the famous guerrilla, Captain John 8. Mosbv. It would appear (rotn contemporary accounts that young Baekkh was the only one of the captured party who behaved with any etiergy upon this occasion. He made desperate efforts to escape, and only surrendered when it was no lonjrer a question of escape, but of life or death. Captain Barkkr was born on the 24tli of April, 1842, and was a student at Harvard University, Cam- bridjje, Mass. when he left to join the Army. His first commission as Second Lieutenant of the Fifth New York Volunteer Cavalry is dated Albany, Octo- ber 31. 18G1. On the ?>d of May, 18G2. he was pro- moted to a First Lieutenantcy. and on the 24th of October of the same year, he was comn issioned Cap- tain. Captan Barker was the youngest son of Wm. H. Barker, Esq., o Tivoli, Red Hook, and a jirands.m of the late William James, of Albany. N. Y. He was beloved by his comrades, as by all who knew him for the manliness of his character, and the generosity of his disposition His promotion w> s the just reward of his good conduct and honorable service. His valor and patriotism had been tried in many battles and by the more dreadful horrors of Richmond prisons. He survived all this to ])erish in the flower of his youth, by the hands of Rebel assassins. The following are specimens of the epistolary talent of this brave youns officer, which evince so much ability that, considering the circumstances under which they were written, they are well worthy a place, ill connection with his obituary notice, in this address : Tn Bivouac. Fifth New York Cavalry, 1 BooNSBORo, Md.. July 7, 1863. J Wm. If- Barker Esq.. Tiroh' : My Deak Father: — An hour ago we arrived here, completely fatigued and worn out, having been in the saddle two weeks, and two days without food for men or horses, and with not more th .n 4 hours rest out of the 48. I am now sitting upon a bundle of wheat, writing upon my knee, in haste, as the mail leaves in an hour, and, after this day, the Lord only knows when and where we may halt again. No longer are we un- der General Stahl's command as he was relieved at the same time as Hooker. But General Kilpat- RicK is our leader now, and we are as proud to be led on by him, as (he told us in an address after the battle of Gettysburg) he is "proud to command (ire mere "Words, words, words!'' and pictures strung together. '• Sooner or later all will be made manifest " and then the American nation will learn how much it owes to its subordinate officers and private soldiers, and how comparatively little to its generals and political leaders. The Southern Leaders brought on the Rebellion, the Northern Peolpe crushed it, restored affairs and saved the country. .... Y.llJ V )'W!}'fi3 «9tbod ANNUAL REPORT OF THE mmm% service & discipline cc ULSTER aXT^RD. Twentieth Regiment New York State Militia, (80th N. Y. Vol. Infantry.) COMMANDED BY COLONEL THEODORE B. GATES, FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1862. iCompany A recruited almost-, if not altogether, in .."nuchess County, New York. Company B comprised 25 volunteers from the First or Upper district of Red Hook, from the villages of Tivoli and Madalin and their vicinities. The names of these volunteers are designated by " T."l Jnnuari/ 1. — Regiment in camp at Upton's Hill, Va. Jd.miarii 12. — Regiment on picket for forty-eight hours in front of Falls Church, Va From this date until March 10 engaged in drill, forage, and picket d.ity. March 10 — Regiment marched at 6 a.m., with General Wadswortlrs Brigade, McDovvelTs Division, and bivouacked at G p. m., 10 miles from Upton Hill, and 2 miles east of Centreville. Mdrch 14. — Two Hundred and Twenty-two men under Captain Tappen marched to and bivouack- d on Bnll Run battle field March 15. — T is detachment marched from that bivouac, joined the regiment, and the entire command marched to " Three Mile Run," near Alexandiia, in a terrible storm of rdii, 17 miles. The detachment marched 25 miles. March IG. — ^Regiment marched to Upton's Hill, G miles. March 18. — Marched 2 miles below Baile^-'s Cross- Roads, and bivouacked with brigade. AprilA. — Regiment marched with General Patrick's Brigade, from camp near Bailey's Cross- Roads, at 3 p. M., and bivouacked at 7 p. m., 2 miles south of An- nandale. Distance marched. G miles. April 0. — Regiment resumed its march at 8 a.m.. and marching through Fairfax Court-house and Cen- treville, crossed Bull Run, and bivouacked 1 mile south of Blackburn Ford. Distance marched, 15 miles. April 6. — Regiment continued its March at 8 a. m., and passing Manassas June ion. cro.ssed Broad Run, and encamped near Bristow Station, at 2 p. m. JJis- tance marched, 17 miles. April"- — A terrible storm of rain. snow. an P. M., and occupied the City of Fredericksburg. Va. Mai/ 10 — Regiment crossed the river at 8 o clock, p. M. marching to a point 1 1-2 miles l)eyond the City of Fredericksburg on the Telegraph Road to Rich- mond, where encamped. Dist .nee marched, H 1-2 miles. May 11- At 3 p. m., the regiment was ordered, and moved some 2 miles down the Bowling (ireen Road, to repel a threatened attack of the enemy, un- der General Anderson, who was driving in a recon- noitring party, and advancing toward the city iu considerable ibrce. A few shots were tired, with a lo.ss of one horse on our side, when the enemy with- drew. Mai) 14. — Companies B, C, H. and torms during the night. Ji/Df: 2.— Regiment marched with brigade at 12 .M.. Irom Catlett Station, Va., and bivouacked in a violent storm at (3 p. m. on the bank of Kettle Run, on the road to Haymarket. Distance marched 8 miles. Jiine^j. — Regiment marched with brigade at 7 a. m., and crossing Broad Run reached Haymarket, a dis- tance of 5 miles. Marched 1 mile south, and en- camped near Bull Run. ,y„„f (i. — Regiment marched with brigade at 8 A. M., and crossing Broad Run and Cedar Run, passed through the villages of Buckland and New Baltimore, and encamped 11-2 miles nortli of Warrenton, Va. Distance marched, 12 miles. Jviie 8. — Regiment marched with brigade at 4 p. .M , passed though Warrenton. and bivouacked at 7 P. M.. I) miles beyond and 2 miles north of W^arrenton .Junction. Distance nuirched. miles. June 9. — liegiment marched with brigade at G a. m., passed tbrough Warrenton Junction, and encamped on the bank of Klk Run, at 11 a. m. Distance marched. G miles. June 13.— Marched with brigade at 3 p. M., crossed Elk Run, and encamped 4 miles south of Catlett Sta- tion at 5 p. M. Distance, 3 miles. JiDie 21. — Marched with brigade at 2 p. m., crossed Power Run, and encamped at (J p. m., 12 miles south of Fredericksburg, Va. Distance marched, 8 miles. J}me 24. — Regiment marched with brigade >:t Q> A. M., passed through Ilartwood and Fahnouth, reach- ing old camp opposite Fredericksburg at 2 p. m. Dis- tance marched, l3 miles. June 27. — Moved camp 2 miles back fnmi the riv<'r. Company C, Captain J. R. Tappen, ordered on special duty on the Railroad between Fredericksburg and Richmond. July 7. — Company C rejoined the rcgiinent. JiiJi/ 28. — Regiment marched from Camji two miles back from the Rappahannock, to and across the river to Fredericksburg, where it divided, the four right companies. A, C, II, and K, under Lieutenant-Colonel Theodore B. Gates, marching to Mrs. Stanbury's hon.-e above Fredei'icksburg ; the rest of the regiment to near Mrs. Fennihoe's house below Fredericksburg. The regiment enclosed the city with a cordon of sen- tinels, preventing all communication with the interior. Distance marclied by right companies, five miles ; by rest of regiment, three miles. August 4. Right companies marched from Mrs. Stanbury's house Hud rejoined the regiment at 2 p. m. August 6. — Companies A, E. K, I, and C, two com- panies of Twenty- third New York Volunteers,! sec- tion of artillery, the whole under command of Colonel George W. I'ratt, marched on a reconiioissance toward Bowling Green at 6 p. m., in consequence of a report that the Rebels had taken possession of Hick's Hill, and returned at 3 a. m.. August 7, having march, d 17 miles without seeing the enem>. Aitgust 7. — Regiment relieved from the da^y of pre- vent ng communication between the cit}' of Freder- icksburg and the interior, by the One Hundreth regi- ment Pennsjdv nia Yolunteers. August 8. - Companies B and D, six companies of Twenty-third New York Volunteers, four c(mipanies Thii-d Indiana cavalry, and a section of the First New Hampshire battery, under command of Colonel Pr'att, marched on a reconnoitring and foraging expedition at 7 P, M., to Round Oak Church, while Lieutenant- Colonel Gates with four companies of the Twentieth marched up the Telegraph Road toMassaponix Creek, the bridge o\er which was found to be on tire, but the enemy had fallen back. This detachment then march- ed across the country to the Bowling Green Road and joined Co onel Pratt. The entire force returned at • \\ A. M., August 9, baving marched 20 miles and cap- tured two ))risoners. 25 mules, 30 l.orses, and 50 head of cattle. August n. — Regiment miuched with brigade at 5 p. M., to reenforce Genei'al Pope^ tLen engaged in bat- tle near Culpepper Court-bou^e, and bivouacked at 10 p. M., on tlie Plank Road, 11 miles from Fredericks- burg. Aiif/itst 10. — Regiment marched with brigade at 5 A. M.. crossed the Kapidan River at El3's Ford at 11 A. >r.,and bivouacked at 4 p. m. at a point 4miles north- west, or that river near the road (roni Burnett's Ford of the Rappahannock. Distance marched. 14 miles. Aiif/iist 11.- Regiment, marched with division at 5 A. M., and bivouacked in line of battle 3 miles from Culpepper (Jourt-house near battle-Held of Cedar Mountain, at 12 o'clock midnight. Distance marched, -22 miles. Aitf/iisf 13 — The enemy having retreated, the regi- ment marched with brigade 1 mile nearer Culpepper Court-house, where encamped. Aiiffiisf 1C>. — Regiment marched with division at 8.V A. M , to Cedar INIountain battle-field, and encamped at 1 p M. Distance marched, miles. Aiifjiisf 18. — Orders to prepnre three days' rations, and to be in readiness to march at a moment's notice, were rec ived at 2 p. m. The baggage of the regiment was loaded immediately nd sent off. Aiif/i/st 19. — Regiment marched with division at 9 A. M., and bivouacked at 11 p. M , 3 miles west of Rap- pahannock Station. Distance marched, 17 miles. Auf/ifst 20. — Regiment marched at 4 a. m., cro sed the river at the Station at 5i o'clock a. m. ; encamped in the afternoon 2 miles north of the Station, 1 mile east of the river. Marched, 5 miles. Avgnst'2l. — Were ordered forward to near the river at D A. M., to support Captain Reynolds' Battery L, First New York artilb ry ; and were there occupied during the day, the most of the time under a heavy fire from the enemy's batteries, and a part of the tim^ from his sharpshooters also. At night companies Dand G. under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Gates, did picket duty along the river bank and at the crossing at Norman's Ford — the residue of the regiment, under Colonel Pratt, forming the reserve. [J, Watts DE Peyster, Jr., of Tivoli, Duchess Coun- ty, N. Y., 18f)5, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel N. Y.Vols., was Junior]\rajor of the First N. Y. Light Artillery.] Aiir/iisf 22, — Were relieved at 5 a. m., by Twenty- second Regiment New York Volunteers, and returned to camp, which proved to be in range of some of the enemy's guns. Our loss was Serg' ant Dopp, G com- pany, mortally wounded, and several others slightly. Augvst 23 -^Marched with brigade at 10 A. m.. and bivouacked at Warrenton, Va., at 8 p. m. Distance inarched. 12 miles. August 24. — Marched 2 miles beyond Warrenton, toward White Sulphur Springs, and encamped. Augn.st 26.— Regiment inarched iit ti (/i-lock for tlie Springs. As we approached them the enemy opened tirrt upon us from i wo guns planted near a larj^e yellow house on the ouposite side ul the river, (xaining the cover of the trees and buildings around the Springs, company C was deployed as skirmishers. Subsequently the regiment marched across an open plain, in full range of the enemy's lattery. and took up a position on the hill east of the river, and about one mile ti-oui the Springs The skirmishing continiie miles from Manassas, were ordered back, and returning to within 1 mile of the latter place, filed to the left, and marching by the Sudley Ford road across a portion of the Bull Run battle-field, were posted in support of Reynolds' battery on the left of tiie road and about 1 mile from "Chin's house. About dusk were moved forward toward Groveton to support Hatch's brigade, which was engaged and likely to be turneil on the riglit; were withdrawn about ]0 p. .m., and posting a portion of the regiment with Reynolds' and Campbell's batteries, the residue were detailed for picket on the front under command ot Lieutenant- Colonel Gatks. ■ MANASSAS OK Bll.l, III N SKfOMl. AuQiist 30. — Action opened by Campbell's batterx Regiment moved some mile ar d a half to the light of Siegel, where it remained untd 1 o'clock p. M., part ot the time under tire ; were then moved back to near Groveton, where the brigade was formed in two lines in the loUowing order: First line. Twenty-first N. y. Volunteers on the right. Thirty-fifth N. Y. Volun- teers on the left. Second line. Twentieth N Y. State Militia on the ri^lit, Twenty-third N. Y. Volun- teers on the iett. In this order advanced across au open field separating the right of our army from tlie enemy's left and entered the woods, near to and on the right of Groveton. Here the Fourteenth N. Y. IState Militia and Thirtieth N. Y. Volunteers were drawn up in one line; the\ formed on the right. The order was then gi^en to advance, and the three lines moved sl()wly forward, receiving the enemy's musketry, grape and canister, which increased as we advanced. The regiment advanced to within a few yards of the railmad embankment, behind which the enemy were poRte(i, wlien. a hirge proportion of officers and men being killed oi' wounded, the line fell back a few rods, closed up, advanced again witli the same result, and so fi-r the third time the eftbrt was made to rea- h the enemy behind his cover, but the tire was too heavy and the men had now become too few to give a hope of success. At this juncture an a de-de-camp rode up and delivered an order from General Porter for all the tn»ops to retire from the woods. This was obeyed in good order, the enemy following and tiring in liVavv vollevs. Colonel Pratt was mortally wounded earl}- in the action and borne from the tield. In the cour.se of the nigh I the regiment marched to Cub Run, where bivouacked. AugvM ;U.— Regiment marched at 4 a. m. to Cen- treville and joined brigade. CHANTIT.l.V MA.M)R-C;ENt;RAL K KA R N V KILLED. •■RF.FISING TO SL'RRENDEK." iSfipffmhir 1. — Marched at 3 a. m and proceeded to Fairfax Court-house; at 11 a. m. were ordered to re- turn to Centreville ; after marching some 2 miles, were counter-marched and proceeded out on the Brad- dock Koad, and were posted in line of battle behind works erected by the enemy heretofore to defend the approach to Fairfax and Centreville by that route. At 3 p. M. were ordered to proceed up the Little River Turnpike some 2 miles, and take possession of, and hold at all hazards, a piece of woods on the Iett of that road. The regiment reached the further ex- tremity of the woods as the enemy's skirmishers were rapidly approaching and within 150 yards of it. Firing was immediately commenced, anreceded by a line of skirmish- ers ; arriving at the crest of the mountain, the skir- mishers became engaged with the enemy. Soon afterward the two regiments pushed forward, and passing over the n.ountain crest at tiiis point, this regiment jiassed the line of skirmishers and poured a volley into the enemy vvho were lying behind a fence and in a cornfield. The action continued until some time after dark, when the firing ceased. Septemher 15. — At daylight it was discovered that the enemy had retired, leaving his dead and wounded on the field. The regiment then rejoined the brigade, and soon after resumed its march towai'd Boonesboro, at which place it bivouacked 2 miles further south, near Antietam Creek, at 6 p. m. Distance, 10 miles. ANTIETAM OR SHARPSBURG. Septemher 16. — Regiment marched with brigade at 6 A. M., 3 miles toward Sharpsburg, Md., when the enemy opened fire upon us with his artillery from the heights above Sharpsbui-g, compelling the brigade to fall back about half a mile. During the morning it < hanged postion s veral times, and at 3 p. m. forded Antietam Creek and marched toward a road leading from Keedysville to the Williamsport road. On reaching the road the enemj'^ opened fire with his ar- tillery, compelling the regiment to pass through a shower of shell, grape and < anister to our position in a small piece of woods on the Williamsport road, which was reached at 8 p. m. Regiment slept on its arms to-night Distance marched, 9 miles. Septemher 17.— Regiment marched with brigade at 6 A. M. in line of battle, deployed across the fields and through the woods on the left of the road until it reached a narrow meadow lot between an orchard and a cornfield, in the lattc of which the enemy were p(jsted, keeping up a brisk lire of musketry. On the road leading to the right and a little to the iront of this position, twci sections of Battery B, Capt-^in Camp- V)ell, were stationed be;;v.'eensome stacks of sK'aw and a barn and in range of the enemy sslia.-pshooters. The brigade cf'.ssed the road and moved toward the right. After crossing the road the reg'.ment was detached to support Battery B. which was said to be 'n great danger, and niovefl back at a double-quick, the r'ght wing taking position near the Battery, and the left wing, under Maj'>r .Jacob B. Ilardenberg'j, advanced along the road next to f'e cornfield Tl'e infantry fire was very he."vy during ali the time, commencirg near the cornfield a.id o^-er a knoll in front of the battery. Major Hardenbergh pushed forward down the road, driving the enemy from the fences and the edge of the cornfield, and in supportof the Sixth Wis consin Volunteers, which was on our left and in some disorder. For a time the en^ my were > onipletely driven from their cover, and in their fiijiiif. abandon- ing their battle fiag (the bearer being shot down by Private Isaac Thomas of G Company), which was brought off by Major Harrtenbergh. as was also the regimental color of the Sixth Wisconsin, which the}' had been compelled to leave cm the field. The Wis- consin regiment falling back and the enemy advancing strongly reenforced, Major Hardenberpih fell back with his small party to the right wing. The enemy advancing, apparently with the intention of taking the battery, and drove the gunners from their |)ieces for a time, but the steady fire of the regiment checked and drove them back until the other regiments ot tiie brigade reached the field to the right and in front, when the enemy were driven to the lett and his rear The batteiy being no longer of service there, it was removed to the hill on the left of the road. After remaining in position some half an hour longer, and no enemy appeHring, fell back to a piece of woods on the same side of the road and subsequently rejoined the brigade. Our loss was 49 killed and wounded. The regiment slept on its arms to-night. September 18. — In line of battle all da*, but the action was not renewed. Eiuleavored to remove some of our dead where we were engaged yesterd y. but the enemy's sharpshooters have the range of the field. September 19. — Regiment marched with brigade (the enemy have retreated) at 5i a. m. to the Wil- liamsport Road over the battle-field, and bivouacked in a wood half a mile northwest of the field. Distance marched, 2 miles. September 20. — Information of the death of Colonel G. W. Pratt having reached the regiment, the fol- lowing order was issued: HeADQI ARTERS. UlSTKK GlARD, ^ Tvi^ENTiKTH Reuiment, N. Y. 8. M., [■ Neak Sharpsburg, Va., September 20. 1862. ) General Orders No. 47 It is with feelings of profound sori'ow thai the Lieutenant-Co onel commanding announces to the " Ulster Guard " the death of its late worthy and honored (Mmimander, Colonel George W. Pratt. While gallantly encouraging his officers and men in the final hour of the fearful combat at Manassas, on the 30th of August last, he was shot down and borne from the field. Though conscious of the serious character of his wounds, he maintained his liabitual serenity and cheerfulness and forgetting self, seemed only concerned for the safety of his command and the issue of tlie battlt' in winch lie liad horue so noble, and. as it proved, so costly a part. He was lenioved to Washinjitoii, and from thence to Albany, \. V., where, surrounded hy his kindred and friends, death terminated iiis career of usefulness and proujise on the 11th inst. Thou<>h cut down in the Spring of his nianliood, lie has not lived in vain. Born to wealth, and growinfi; up in affluence, he spurned the »'ase and indolence winch too often hejiuile fortune's favorites, and with an earnest energy ami tirele.-s industry, he sought to win for hinisell a n* me honor- able in the hijiliest walks of life. How well he suc;- ceeded, the general and deep sorrow for his early death attests. When tiie present nnhol}^ war broke out, he was loi-emost in tendering his services to the (Tt)vern- ment, and surrendering the comforts and enjoyments of a home unusually attractive, he became a patient, tireless and ilevoted laborer in behalf of the Union. Finally, he has given his I fe to the cause, and has died a soldiei'^s honored death in the faithful discharge of his self imposed duties. We who have been so long associated with him in the camp and field ; we who have shared with him the hardships, privations, fatigues and dangers of the soldier's life ; we who have witnessed his self-denial, his dauntless courage, his ready obedience to the authority of his military ."superiors, and his mildness and moderation in the e.xercise of his own authority — we, next to those wlio are bereaved of husband, fiither, son, can best ap- preciate the loss sustained in the death of Colonel Pratt. Let us emulate his examples and be stimula- ted to increased diligence in duty, and a more entire devotion to our country and the struggle for ita preservation, by the recollection of his virtues and his sacrifices. The Lieutenant-Colonel commanding avails himself i>f this opportunity to express his satisfaction with the conduct of the officers and men of the regi- ment who participated in the marches and battles which have rendered memorable the last forty days of this campaign Within that time you have marcht'd ujiward of 170 miles, without tents or blankets, and often without food, in the burning beat of mid-day and the ■ old dews of night, resting fre- quently but four hours in twenty-four, and then upon the bare ground Therr has been no murmur or com- plaint, no relaxati(m of obedience or di.scipline. The battle fields of Norman's Ford. Warrenton Springs, Groveton, Manassas, Chantilly, South Mountain and Antietam. bear witness to your prowess and courage. Your coolness and steady bearing under heavy tire of artillery and musketry were equal to veterans, and entitle you to the highest praise the soldier can earn. Let the future correspond with the past in diligence, in discipline, in courage, and our friends will have no cause to blush for the reputation of the '-Ulster Guard." By order of Theodore B. Gates, Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding. (Signed) A. S. Schutt, First Lieutenant, Acti. g Adjutant. Septanher 29. — Marched with brigade at 2^ p. m. to a point one mile north >^ est of Sharpsburg, near the Potomac River, where encamped. Distance marched, 1^ miles. October 7 — General Patrick having been assigned to duty at General McClellan's Headquarters, as Provost-Marshal-General of the Army of the Potomac, took leave of the brigade in the following order: Headquakters, Third Brigade, "j First Division, First Armv Corps, > Camp Barnett, October 7, 18G2. ) General Orders No. 64, The Brigadier-General commanding having been assigned t'> duty at the Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac by Gener 1 Orders No. 101, of the Gth inst., hereby relinquishes to Colonel Rodgers, of the Twenty-first N Y Volunteers, the command of the brigade he received from him 7 months ago. Only 7 months ago he assumed command I yet the ties that bind those who, like ourselves, have shared each other's hardships and dangers, who have followed the same standar-. through so many battles, and gathered around it with th ir ranks thinned, but unbroken, when the combat was over — such ties cannot be broken by the orde that "I'elieves your General from the command. That he must continue to take the liveliest interest in the welfare of a brigade that has never failed in the hour of peril, whether in daylight or darkness, to honor his every command, no one can doubt ; and he trusts that both officers and men will touch lightly upon his faul s, in the full conviction that, as their commander, he has endeavored to discharge his duties to them to his country and his God. He leaves you with fervent wishes for yur prosperity, and the earne-t hope that an honorable peace may soon be won, so that w.e may once more return "i our own loveri liomes by the broad river.s and lakes of the Empire State. By order of General Pairick. (Signed) J. P. Kimbalt,, Assistant Adjutant-General. Octoher 20. — Marched with brigade at 7 a. m. to Hagerstown Turnpike, up the pike about 2 miles, then taking a road to the left, passed tiirougli Bakers\ ille, xin and encamped about 1 mile beyond. Distance marched, 5 miles. Octoher 20.— Reo;iment marched at 8 p. m. through a drencbintr rain ; but the darkness compelled it to l)ivouac. Marched IJ miles. Octoher 27.- Regiment marched with brigade at G A. M., and pnssing through Keedysville, took the road leading to Crampton's Gap. Bivouacked at 4 p. m. Distance marched, 7 miles. Octoher 28. — Regiment marched with brigade at b\ p. M , crossed South Mountain at Crampton's Gap, passed through Burkettsville, and bivouacked at 3 p. M. 2 miles north of Berlin. Distance marched, 13 miles. October -iO. — Regiment marched with brigade at G p. M., crossed Potomac River on a pontoon bridge at Berlin at 8 p. m., and bivouacked on the Baltimore and Leesbiirg Turnpike G miles from Berlin at 11 p. m. Marched 8 miles. Octoher 31. — M. relied with brigade at 3J p. m. toward Leesbtirg and bivouacked at 5 p. m. Distance marched, 2 miles. N^oconber 1. — Regiment marched with division at 8^ A. M., passing through \Yheatlands, taking the Winchester and Leesburg Turnpike, and bivouacking near Purcellville at 3 p. m. Marched. 8 miles. November 3. — Regiment marched with division at I p. M. down the pike about 2 miles, turned to the left, passed through Union, and bivouacked at 8 p. m. Distance marched, 12 miles. Kovrmher 4. — Regiment marched with brigade at IJ p. M., passed through Bloomtield. and bivouacked half a mile beyond at 4^ o'clock. Distance marched, 4J miles. November 5. — Marched with brigade at 8 a. m., and bivouacked 3 miles north of Salem at 8 p. m. Distance marched, 18 miles. November 6. — Regiment marched with brigade at 6 A M.. passed through Salem (General McClellan's Headquarters), at 8 a. m., through Warrenton at 5 p. M., and encamped at 7 p. m. 1 mile below that place on the road lead ng to White Sulphur Springs. November 11. — Marched with brigade at 1 p. m., and bivouacked near Fayetteville at lOJ p. M. Distance marched, 5 miles. November 12. — Marched down the road leading to Nolan's Ford to do picket duty. Distance marched, 3 miles. November 14. — Relieved from picket duty and returned to camp at 4 p. m. Distance marched 3 miles. November 17. — Regiment marched with brigade at II A. M., and passing through Liberty, Bealtown and Morri. -.'ille, oivoiiacked at 9 p M. 2 miles ?outli of tbe latter place. Bisuince luarclied. 18 mile JSlovemher 18.— Marched with divisional 8 a. :.:., readied Hartwood at 2 p. ii., and taking liie road leadin|5 to k-''Vi:fibrd Cor.rt-ltouse, oivunacked at 7 p. M. Distr.nce marched, 10 miles. Novemhrr 19. — Marched with brigade at 8 am. (tbe oads in terrible condition), and bivoaaciced at 4 p. M. Distance marched, 4 milep. November 20. — Marched at 8 a. m., h^if a mile and encamped. Novewber 22. — Marched at 3 p. m., and encamped an 5 p. r.f., near the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Pure- mac Railroj'd, 1 mile southwest of Brook's .^r.-iiion. Distance marched. 4 mi es. Decanioer 9. — M..rched at noon tow.a-d rredericii*- burg, and bivouacked at 5 p. m. Distance marched 4 mih'>. Dceem'x'r 10 — Marched with division at 9 a. rf. ; bivouacked at 1 p. M. Distance marched, ?> miles. December 11. — Marched wiili division at 8 a. m., 1 mile, halted, stacked arms, and finally iiivouacked at 5 p. M. December 12. — Marched with division at 7^ a m., to tie Rappahannock River; croNsed tiie river at 2 p. m., near the Arthur Bernard IIon>e. 2 miles below tfje city of Fredericksburg. Soon alter crossing the river the enemy f'pened fire with hi: nrtiilery. xMarclied out of range and l/uouacked. Distance marched. 3 miles. KRKDERIfKSBUUfi. FfllSl. Decernhnr 13. — At daylight tl>e brigade was tormed in line of b.-ittle This regiment and the Twenty-tirst New York Volunteers forming ti)e lirst ime, and ad- vanced to the lett and towai'd a wooded i-avine occu- 'jied by the enemy. The enemy having in-en driven from this position the brigade cliai^ged direction to tiie right and marched under ft heavy tire oi the en- emy's artillery to tiie Bowling Gr*en lload, which WMs occupied by the first line. We rem:dned in tliis position about an hour and i.ntil th-- aUvance Lao been cliecked on the right, the enemy meanwhile pouring aconsiant shower of shot and hell irom their batteries, which were not more than live or six hun dred yards in front, when we were ordered at a double qiiick'townrd the right. We h;icl proceeded ntvout linit •. mile in this directicm when v>-e were countermarched and tooii up a position in a ravine to the reiir, and a I'.ttl" ^o the riL'' t of the positiiiii we hnd occi!;)ied in the Bowbn;: (ir^'ei Road, in supp()rt of smerssi batter- ies, which drew on us a heavy nre of artillery. .'"^O'.n a:'-er r aclirg this position (the enemy havinj; iliirin'.; our march to tiie right plnnted !, section o! j-rti'ler- on the road leading fnmi tiie Telegraph to the Bowling Green Il(iJi miles. December 23. — Regiment n;arched at 8 a. m., and en- camped near Hail's Landing, Va , at 1 p. M. Distance marched, 4miies. Deceviber 27. — Marched half a mile to a point north of Hall's Landing and occupied log huts erected b}- the enemy last Winter for troops stationed here to support a small redoubt, and a bastion fort, designed to command the mouth of Potomac Creek, and to ob- struct navigation on the river. Furnished daily de- tails for fatigue duty at Hall's Landing during the remainder of the year. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE KILLED AND WOUNDED IN ACTION OP THE Twentieth Regiment New York State Militia, COMMANDED BY COLONEL THEODORE B. GATES, For the Year ending December 31, 18G2. Georg W. Pratt, Colonel, August 30, Manassas. Joseph Wells, Company G, P ivate, August 30, Manassas, Ya. J. P. Bloom, G, Private, August 30, Manassas, Michael Oats, G, Private, August 30. Manassas. Andrew J. Smith, T, Private, August 30, jNIanassas James Mc Adams, I, Private, August 30, Manassas. Edwin Miles, F, Sergeant, September 17 Antietam, Md. Thomas Price. K, Private, September 17, Antietam. William H. Knowles, C, Private, August 30, Ma- nassas, Ya. Wesley Shutlis, D, Private, August 30, Manassas. Jeremiah Towues, I), Private, August 30, Manassas. Stephen Van. Yelsen, D, Private, August 30, Ma- nassas. Michael Coffee, D, Private. August 30. Manassas. .John H. Davis, D, I'rivate, August 30 Manassas. James P. Colligan, F, Corporal, August 30, Ma- Hugh Wallace, F, Private, August. 30, Mannssas Bernard Garrety, F, Private, August 30, Manassas. Milton A. Smith, B, Sergeant, August 30, Manassas, (T) Alfred Lasher, B, Sergeant, August 30, Manassas. (T) Geo. H. Kelly, B, Private, August 30, Manassas. ( I ) Lewis Redder, B^ Private, August 30, Manassas. (T) John Stewart, B, Private, August 30, Manassas. (T) Rufus Warringer, B, Private. August 30. Manas- sas. (Error — Antietani or Sharpsburg, 17th Sept.) Adam Bishop, E. Private, August 30, Manassas. Miles Anderson, E, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. II. Goldsmith, E Corporal, August 30, Manassats. James M. Almy, H, First Sergeant, August 30, Manassas. H. L Pollock, H, Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. Patrick Sweeny, K, Private. August 30, Manassas, Va. H. M. Judd, K, Private, August 30. Manassas. William R. Dopp, G, Sergeant, August 21,No.'man's Ford. Samuel J. White, D, Private, December 17, Freder- icksburg. John P. Post, F, Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. Peter P. Plass, I, Private, September 17, Antietam. _M. H. Svvarthout, H, Second Lieutenant, September 17, Antietam. John R. Horner, K, First Lieutenant, August 30, Manassas, Ya. WOUNDED. Pelatiah Ward, Captain, August 30, Manassas, Va. J. Rudolph Tappen, Captain, August 30. Manass»s. Abram S. Smith, Captain, August 30, Manassas. A. N. Baldwin, Captain, September 17, Antietam, Md. Daniel McMahon, Captain, September 1, Chantilly. Va. Abram S. Smith, Captain. December 13, Fredericks- burg. W. II. Cunningham, Captain, December 13, Freder- icksburg. Philip Deits, Second Lieutenant, August 30, Ma- nas-as. Edward McMahon, First Lieutenant, August 30, Manassas. Henry Clarke. Second Lieutei ant, August 30, Ma- nassas. O. A. Campbell, Second Lieutenant, September 17, Antietam, Md. George North, jun.. Second Lieutenant, September 1, Chantilly, Va. J. M. Van Valkenburg, Second Lieutenant. August 80, Manassas. J D. France, Second Lientenant. August 30. Ma- nassas. Nicholas Hrynadt, First Lieutenant, August 80. Minassas. James Smith. Second Lieutenant. August 30, Ma- nassas. G. H. Brankstone, First Lieutenant. December 13. Fredericksburg. Edward S. Bennett, Sergeant, August 21, Xi)rnian .s Ford. Amos Travis, Corporal, September 17. Antietam, Md. Henry Williamson. Corporal, September 1, Cban- tilly, Va. Jacob Cook, Privat<\ September 17. Antietam, Md. John M. Crapser, Private. August 30. ^Linass .s, Vm. James Dykensan, Private, September 1, Chantilly. Abram C. Halstead, Private, August 30, Manassas. Russel C. Harris, Private, August 30, Manassas. Michael Kilroy, Private, December 13. Fredericks- burg. John R.Morgan, Private. December 13, Fredericks- burg. Una S. Payne, Private, September 1, Chantilly. Aaron Rhodes, Private, September 17, Antietam. Charles H. Williams. Private, August 30. Ma- nassas. Henry Williamson. Sergeant, December 13. Freder- icksburg. William A. Ingram, Sergeant, August 30, Manassas. John Stewart, Private, xVugust 3)0, Manassas. Edward Babcock, Private, August 30, Manas.sas. Philip Deits, Sergeant, August 30, Manassas. (T) Frederick Obermier. Sergeant, August 30. Ma- nassas. Michael Speedling, Corporal, August 30. Manassas. Andrew Yaple, Corpoi'al, August 30, Manassas. (T) Oswald Decker, Private, August 30. Manassas. Thomas W. Francisco, Private, August 30. Manassas. (T) Theodore Garr^^on, Private. August 30. Manas- sas. Howard Joy, Private August 21. Nornian's Ford. John .loy. Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. Lewis [jamoyai'd Private, December 14. Fredericks- burs, Va. Isaac Lawrence, Piivate, September 17, Antietam Md. (T) Charles K. McNiff, Piivate, December 14. Fred- ericksburg, Va. (T) Adam Moore, Private, August 21. Norman's Ford. I Michael O'Doniiell, Private, September 18, Au- tietaiii. Mil. \ Henry Ploiiuii, Private, August 30, Manassas, Va. Williiwn ]\(>senljerger, Private, August oO Manassas. Michael O'Donnell, Private, August 30, Manassas. Cvrastus H. Beits, First Sergeant, August 30, Manassas. William Bates, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. Jolii> Knowies, Private, August 30, M .nassas. George Van Loan. Private, August 30, Matiassas. George (4. Martin, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. William Knapp, Private, August 30, Manassas. Philip l»illou. Private, August. 30, Manassas. Spencer Dtderick, Private, August 30, Manassas. .John Edieman, Private, August 30, Mana.ssas. Henry Rose, Private, September 17. Antietani, Md. George H. Bainard, Private, September, 17, An- tietam. Ten Evck (). France, Private, December 13, Freder- icksburg, Va. Patrick Granev, Sergeant, September 17, Antietani, Md. Ilalsev Davis, Corporal, August 30, Manassas, Va. Isaac E Rosa, Private, August 30, Manassas. 1). P. Wiiittaker, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. Dubois Markle, Corporal, September, 1, Chantilly. George Brown, Corporal, August 30, Mana-sas. .John Connery, Corporal, Septemi er IT, Antietam, Md. Richard Burger, Priv te, August 30, Manassas, Va. David S. Bell, Private. August 30, Manassas. Albert Collier, Private, August 30, Manassas. Kbbin Higgins, Private, August 30, Manassas. George Hinckley, Private, August 30, Manassas. Lorenzo Kibby, Private, August, 30, Manassas. S. H. Lee, Private, September 1, Chantilly. •lacob P Lattimore, Private, August 30, Manassas. George Moore, Private, .\ugust 26, Warrenton Springs. J. M. Ostrander, Private, December 13, Fredericks- burg. Conrad Smith, Private, August 30, Manassas. Wat.son A. Smith, Private, August 30, Manassas. Peter Sparling, Private, August 30, Manassas. Bealy Taylor, P ivate, August 30, Manassas William Van Scoit, Private, August 30, Manassas. Stephen Van Velsan, Private, August 30, Manassas. Michael Huger, Private, August 30, Man .ssas. Hugh Donahngh, Private, August, 30, Mana.ssas, George H. Brankstone, First Sergeant, December, 14, Fredericksburg. H H. Terwelliger, Sergeant, August 30, Manas.sas. Thomas Wallace, Sergeant, December 14, Freder- iok,>burg. William Freeman, Sergeant, August, 26, Warrenton Springs. James W. Wiielpley, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. David II. Welch, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. Miles Anderson, Corporal, August 30, Manassas George G. Barlow, Corporal, August 30, Manassas, George P. Sanders, Corporal, December 15, Fred«r- icksburg. Ephraira Turner. Corporal, August 30, Manassas. Melvin Atkins, Private, Sept 'mber, 17, Antietam, Md. James Beers, Private, September 17, Antietam, Va Andrew Carney, Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. Nicholas Cooper, Private, August 30, Manassas, Va. Martin J. Deponia, Private, August 26 Warrenton Springs. Alvin A. TIauschildt, Private, August 30, Manassas. Vir.uiniii. James Ilausfaldt, Private, August 30, Manassas. Henry H. Legg, Private, September 17, Antietam. Md. Samuel McCune, Private December 13, Fredericks- burg, Va. Lewis Payne, Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. Russcl Powell, Private, August 30, Manassas, Va. John Swhab, Sergeant, August 3, Fredericksburs:. Calvin Sheely, Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. Eugene F. Thorpe, Private, August 30, Manassas, Va. Thomas J. Conlon, Sergeant, August 30, Manassas. James F. Collig-m, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. Peter Foley, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. James R. Burke, Private, August 30, Manassas. James Costello, Private, August 30, Manassas. Thomas Doyle, Private, August 30, Manassas. James Fitzgerald, Private, August 30, Manassas. Bernard Gerrety, Private, August. 30, Mana-sas. Martin Jones, Private, August 30, Manassas. John Kelly, Private, August 30, Manassas. Valentine Lundly. Private, Augus' 30, Manassas. John Luft, Private, August 30, Manassas. John Masterson, Private, August 30, Manassas. William Mayer, Private, August 30, Manassas. Philip Post, Private, August 30, Manassas. George Patterson, Private, August 30, Manassas. John Pratt, Private. August 30, Manassas Andrew Sweeny, Private, August 30, Manassas. Cassander W rner. Private, August 30, Manasses. Hugh Wallace, Private, August 30, Manassas. William J. Miiler, Private. August 30, Manassas. Patrick Melia, Tiivate, August 30, Manassas. •lolin Tubman Corporal, September 17, Antietam, .M(l. •J. M. Countryman, Private, Septemhor 17, Antietam. James Green, Private September 17, Antietam. Tlioiuas Mciiboy, Private, September 17, Antietam. Pati-ick Nolan, Private, Sep ember 17, Antietam. Edvvanl Nolan, Private, September 17, Antietam. .John B. Barry, Private, September 17, Antietam. •James Smith, Fi st Sergeant, August oO, MrtUassas, Va. R. II. Barrett, Sergeant, August ^'0, Manassa.s. H. R. Dopp. Sergeant, August Lil. Norman's Ford. Geoi-ge Butler, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. William F Smith, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. .James Iliggins, Corporal August 30, Manassas. II S Hanunonil, Corporal, September 17, Antietam, .M.l. Jolm W. Tolland, Corporal, September 17. Antietam. VViiliau\ C. Allen. Private, September, 17, An- tietam. P. S. Angle, Private, August 30, Manassas, Va. Albiner Fiero, Private, August 30, Manassas. Cliauneey Hogeboom, Private, August 30, Manassas. John Ilaynes, Private, September 17, Antietam, M<1. Stephen Ivnapp,Private, August 30, Manassas, Va. James A Lewis, Private, August 30, Manassas. Joseph Bell, Private, August 30. Manassas. William B. Rose, Private, August 30, Manassas. P. II. Wagner, Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. Edward Rogers, Private, August 30, Manassas, Va. Isaac Cleaver, Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. Wellington Butler, Private. August 30, Manassas, Virginia. Albino West, Private, August 30, Manassas. George L. Hughson, Private, September 17, An- tietam, Md. Lewis H. Wilklow, Sergeant, August 30, Mamssas, Virginia. George B. Coyle, Private, August 30, Manassas. J cob J. Conway. Corporal, August 30, Manassas. Charles Bergher, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. James H. Bunto, Private, August 30, Manassas. Thomas C. France, Private August 3U, Mana.ssas. John Ilaggerty, Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. James Rafferty, Private, August 30, Manassas, Va. William H. Reynolds, Private, August 30, Manas- sas. William Rosa, Private, August 30, Manassas. Jolin Sullivan, Privatn, Augusi oO, Manassas. Frederick Tuothill, Private, August W. Manassas. James Van Elten, Private, August. oO, Manassas. John Van Gaasbecii, Private, August 3U, Manassas. Aaron Woolsey, Private, August 30, Manassas. Morris Hein, Private, August 30, Manassas. Edwin Bruce, Private, August 30, Manassas. Edward Higliam, Private, August 30, Alanassas. Apollus B. Fink, Private, August 30. Manassas. James Mulvehill, Private, August 30. Alanassas. M. J. C. Woodworth. First Sergeant, Septeniher 17, Antietam, Md. Michael Farrell, Sergeant, December 14, Fredericks- burg, Va. Francis Clark, Sergeant, August 30, Manassas. Henr}' M. Herring, Corporal, September 17, Antie- tam, Md. .r(».eph Leonard, Corporal, August 30, Mana.->as. Va. lieorge Ro.-sman, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. Jordan A. Sickler, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. Michael Caughlan, Corporal, Augu.st 30, Manassas. Jnmes Brady, Private, August 30, Manassas. Romeyn Beach, Private, August 30, Manassas. John Camaton, Private, August 26, Warrenton Springs. Hezekiab Caile, Private, August 30, Manassas. Myer Devall, Private, August 30 Manassas. Barney Fitch, Private, .August 30, Manassas. William L. Hanson, Private. December 13, Fred- ericksburg. Patrick Moran, Private, August 30, Manassas. John McKain, Private, August 30, Manassas. Edward ]\IcAdams, Private, August 30, Manassas. John O. Brien, Private, August 30, Manassas. George W. Peet, Sergeant, December 13, Fredericks- burg. Peter S. Carle, Corporal, August 30, Manassas, Henry J. Newell, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. Joseph Hill, Sergeant, September 1, Chautilly. John B Brush, Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. John W. Bradt, Private, August, .30, Manassas. Ta. Amos J. Carle, Private, August 30, Manassas. Benjamin W. Dutcher, Private, August 30, Manft.s«a8. Maynard Decker, Corporal, August 30, Manassas. Robert Drummond, Private, August 30, Manassas. Daniel Greenwood, Private, September 17, Antietam, Md. Constant C. Hanks, Private, August 30, Manassas. Va. James Hooks, Private, December 13, Fredericks- burg. Charles Hansell, Private, September 1, Chantilly. Willi.-uu H:ipen\vanl, Private, September 1, Chan- til Iv. Dennis .hnid, Private, August 30, Manassas. Henry M. •)utlted, wlien marcbei to the edge of the city, and bivouacked. Marched at 5 p. m. through Alex- andria, across tlie Long Bridj^e through Washington, to the Soldier's Home, where remained during the night. E ght miles. Jina' IS. — Marched at 5 a. m. through Washington and Georgetown, over the Washington Aqueduct to near the Great Falls of the Potomac, where bivotiacked at 7 p. M. Sixteen miles. J„„(. 19.— Marched at G a. m. to Great Falls of Ptitomac, where embarked on Canal Boats on Chesa- peake and Ohio ( anal, and debarked at Seneca, and marching through Poolesville bivouacked at 5 p. m.. a short distance beyond ; twenty-four miles. ./»HC 20. — Marched at 8 a. m. to the mouth of the Monocacy, where encamped. Six miles. Reginunt engaged m performing picket duty along the Potomac River, and protecting Aqueduct of Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, over the Monocacy River. June 22. — Marched at 3 p. m. to Edward's Ferry, where encamped at 9 p. m. Eleven miles. While here performed provost and guard duty. June 27. — Relieved by the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment Penn. Volunteers, and ordered to join First Corps. Marched at 10 a. m. to the Monocacy, crossing that liver over the Aqueduct, and bivouacked at G p ji. four miles be3^ond. Thirteen miles. June28. — Marched at 5 a. m., crossing the Katoch- ton Mountains at Katochton's Pass, passed through Adamstown and Jefferson, and proceeded to near Middletown, where, learning that the-First Corps liad gone to Frederick, the regiment took a by road and recro=ised the Katochton Mountains at New Pass, and bivouacked at 8 p. M. Sixteen miles. June 29. — Marched at 6 A. m., and passing through Frederick and Lewistown bivouacked at 5 p. m. on Emmittsburg Pike. Sixteen miles. June 30. — Marched at 4 a. m. and reached Emmitts- burg at 12 M., where halted, and reported the ar- rival to Major-Geneial Reynolds, commanding First Corps, where received orders to join Third Division under command of Major-General Doublkdav. On joining the division, were assigned to the First Brigade then on picket. Eighteen miles. GETTYSBURG. JuJij 1. — Marched at 8 A. M. with brigade toward (Jettysburg, Pa., and reached a position near the enemy about a mile and a half west of (Jettysburg, when the brigade was immediately forn)cd in line of battle faced due north, this regiment holding the left. 'J'he brigade was soon afterward moved by the right ilank some half a mile to the souttieast. and a new line of battle formed, faced to the west. In this posi- ti(m it advanced through ihe open tields into a valley, and to the edge of a piece of woods, where for a time the fire of the enemy's artillery and musketry was quite heavy. Shortly afterward it was ordered to return over the crest of a hill, in the chared Held, where the men were somewhat protected. While in this position a company of this regiment (K) was ordered to advance, as skirmisheis, to a brick house and st(me barn opposite the left tiank, and some eighth of a mile in front just across the valley beiore referred to. At about 1 H. M. the brigade moved by the left Ihnik into the Gettysburg road, when this regiment ami the One Hundred "and Fifty-first Penn. Volunteers formed line of battle, faced to the north. During this (diau'-e of front the artillery fire of the enemy was severe. At 2 1-2 p. m. tbe line was advanced across the field, and Iront changed to the left, until it re- sumed the third position of the forenoon. This move- ment was made under a warm artillery fire. The enemy soon afterward, with two very strong lines of in- fantry, and driving in the skirmishers (which had some time before V^een reenforced 03" G ccnnpany of this regiment), moved rapidly on our lines. Their lines extended the front of two regiments heyond our left flank, completely entilading our line, and pouring a teirible fire into our front and left Hank. The regi- ment held itsposition until the artillery was removed, and then fell back slowly behind a barricade of rails, some eighth of a mile in their rear, and in front of Gettysburg Seminary, the enemy following rapidly in great force. Here the men were rallied, and formed beiiind the barricade, and checked the enemy's ad- vance, and finally compelled him to retire. He ad- vanced again, however, and prolonging his line to our left again turned our flank and compelled the regiment to I'etire. They fell back through tiie town of Gettys- burg to the high ground south of the cemetery. In retiring from the barricade, and until they had reached the interior of the city, they were under fire of the enemy's infantry upon their rear and both fianks. July 2. — At 11 A. M. the regiment was relieved and passed to the rear for supplies and rest. In the after- noon were thrown forward again as part of the forces to check tlie enemy, who was causing our left to retire. When the lighting ceased, they were assigned to the flout line, a little to the left of the centre of our line of battle. This regiment, with the One Hundred and Fifty-first Penn. Volunteers forming a demi-brigade under the command of Colonel Gates, were put in posi- tion behind a rail fence, which they converted into a barricade, that afterward afforded some securit}^ against the enemy's sharp-shooters, and proved of special benefit the next day during the artiller}' and musketry fire. [William Swinton's ''Army of the Potomac" — see Text and Note, page 3G0. J fhd)l o — At \2h p. M., the enemy opened from his right and centre batteries, and the position occupied b\' this regiment was swept by a tempest 01 shell and shot which continued nearly three hours, unsurpassed ill rapidity of firing and in the number of guns em- ployed by anything that has occurred during the war. As the cannonading subsided the enetny's infantry began to debouch from the orchard and woods on his right centre, and moved in line of battle across tbe open fields between their position nnd the highway from Gettysburg to Emmittsi>urg. His troops were formed in two lines ; the second line, however, not covering the left battalion of the first. They advanced rapidly, firina' as they came, tmi skiiniislu-is falliiiir back before tlieni. The regiment opened fire upon them wlien they reached tlie further end of the valley in front of them, and the first line immediately faced to the left 'nd moved i-apidly in the new direction ; as the second line received the fire it began to oblique to the left, and finally closed its left upon the right of the first line when all faced to the right and moved forward in one line of battle, tiring rapiclly. Tt being perceived that the design was to break throuion of the heiglits was all important, and each li>ught with the utmost desperation. The men wert; within quarter pistol shot range, and the fence and fallen trees gave tlie enemy considerable cover. The deuii-brigade then advanced and pushed briskl}' tlirouuh the slashing to the fence, cheering as they went, when the en<'my broke and hastily retreated in great disorder, while they poured into hi lines a heavy and continuous fire. This concluded the tinhtinc; at this point, and left us in umlisputed possession of tiie ctintested ground. We ti)ok a large number of ))ristin- ers, and the giound in front was>trewn with th(( deaburg. Ebbin HiLJgins, I), Private, GettyNbiirg. R. C. Van Leavin, D. Private, Gettysbuig. Amos C. Treat, D, Private, Gettysburg. Albert Collier. I),- Private, GettN'sb rg. Alexander Tice, E, Piivate, Get ysburg, Leonard Van Jorder, E, Private Gettysburg. John Luft, F, Private. Gettysburg. Lucius H. Decker, G, Sergeant, Gett\sl)urg. James L. Ilallock, II, Private, Gettysl)uig. •James E. x\ngevine, H, Corporal, Gettysburg. Eli A. Degrnf. H, drporal. Gettysbuig. Ansol B. Pierce, H, Private, Gettysburg. Joseph Leonard, I, Corporal, Gettysburg. John Tnicy, I, Private, Gettysburg. Thomas Hyatt, T. Private, Gettysburg. Minard Decker, K, Sergeant. Gettysburg. Nelson Southard, K, Private, Gettysburg. George H. Babcock, E, Private, Gettysburg. Squir. Flanders, 1, Private, Gettysburg. WOUNDED. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. W. A. Van Rensselaer, Major, Gettysburg. J. M. Schoonniaker, Adjutant, Gettysburg. John R. Leslie, Company B, Captain, Gettys- burg. Andrew S. Schutt, C, First Lieutenant, Gettys- burg. James Flemming, C, Second Lieutenant, Gettys" l)urg. Daniel McMahon, D, Captain, Gettysburg. George B. Wolcott, D, Second Lieutenant, Gettys- burg. Abm. Merritt, E, Second Lieutenant, Gettysburg. John Delacroy, F, Second Lieutenant, Gettysburg. William H. Cunningham, G, Captain, Gettysburg. George B. Mulks, G, First Lieutenant, Gettysburg. Thomas Alexander, H. Captain, Gettysburg Alfred Tanner, H, Second Lieutenant, Gettysburg. J. D. S. C. ok, I, Captain, Gettysburg. John M. Young, K, Second Lieutenant, Gettys- burg. ENLISTED MEN. John Boyle, C, Private, Gettysburg. James Gannon, C, Private. Gettysburg. George A. Ackert, C, Private, Gettysburgh. John Edleman, C, Private, Gettysburg. Thomas Wells, C, Private, Gettysburg. George W. Pardee, C, Corporal, Gettysburg. Joseph Shelightner, C, Private, Gettysburg. John H. Dunn, C, Corporal, Gettysburg. Jeremiah Kerrigan, C, Private, Gettysburg. Jonathan Dubois, C, Private, G-ttysburg. Abm. K. Van Buskirk, C, Private, Gettyst.urg. William Baker, A, Private, Gettysburg. James E. Doxie, A, Private. Gettysburg. John Donnelly. A, Privatr Gettysburj . .John Ridings,' Jr.. A, S';rgean», Gettysburg. (T) William A. S ockings, A, Private, Gettysburg. (T) Wansborough Bloxam, B, Sergeant, Gettysburg. Frank Bowman, B, Private, Gettysburg. Isaac C. Buswell, B, First Sergeant, Gettysburg. (T) Morgan Deneger, B, Private, Gettysburg. James Keegan, B, Private, Gettys' me:. (T) Charles K McKniff, B, Corporal, Gottysbiirg. (T) Adam More, B, Private, Getty ^hurg•. William llisenberger, Jr., B, Corporal. Gettysburg. John II. Swart, B, Corporal, Gettysburg. Jacob F. Teal, B, Private, Gettysburg. n. C. Van Buren, B, Private, Gettysburg. James Yaple, B, Sergeant, Gettysburg. James A. Wescott, B, Private, Gettysburg. Asa Bishop, D, Sergeant, Gettysburg. John Cudney, D. Corporal, Gettysburg. Charles Kniffin, D. Sergeant, Gettysburg. Jacob P. Latimore, D, Private, Gettysburg. Martin Jerseneous, D, Private, Gettysburg. Dewitt Rose, I), Private, Gettysburg. Watson A. Smith, D, Sergeant. Gettysburg. Lewis E. Champaigne, E, Sergeant, Gettysburg. Stephen L. Cudney, E. Sergeant Gettysburg. William Fetterman, E, Private, Gettysburg. Lorenzo B. Healy, E, Private, Gettysburg. James Housf\ill, E, Private, Gettysburg. Henry O. Irwin, E. Private, Gettysburg. John Johnson, E, Corporal, Gettysburg. Lewis Snyder, E. Private, Gettysburg. Emos B. Vail, E, Private, Gettysburg, John H. Winise, G, Sergeant, Gettysburg. James Higgins, G, Sergeant, Gettysburg. John C. Parks, G, Private, Gettysburg. Peter H. Van Wagoner, G, Private, Gettysburg John Ovendorf, H, Corporal. Gettysburg. William L Snyder, H, Private, Gettysburg. Joseph Sickler, H. Private, Gettysburg. Morris Hein, H, Private, Gettysburg. William Fuller, I, Sergeant, Gettysburg. William Henson, I, Private, Gettysburg. James Larrie, I, Private, Gettysburg. John W. Plimly, I. Private, Gettysburg. Henry Tompkins, I, Private, Gettysburg. Edward Wright, I, Private, Gettysburg. Michael Farrell, I, Sergeant, Gettysliurg. Moses Whittaker, I, Sergeant, Gettysburg. Barney Fitch, I, Corporal, Gettysburg. George Rossman, I, Sergeant, Gettysburg. Jehiel I. Judd, K, First Sergeant. Gettysburg. John Chandler, K, Corporal, Gettysburg. Addison S. Hayes, K, Private, Gettysburg. George Hood, K, Private, Gettysburg. Joseph Hill, K, Sergeant, Gettysburg. Henry Schutt, K, Private, Get'ysburg. Bernard Halstead, G, Private, Gettysburg. N. Van Valkenberg, G, Private, Gettysburg. Charles C. Babcock, A, Private, Gettysburg. James II. Beletier, .\, Private, Gett3'sburg. Samuel Norfolk, E, Private, Gettysburg. William H. Parkinson, I, Private, Gettysburg. David E. Post, I. Private, Gettysburg Emerson Scott, T, Private, Gettysburg- Ira B. Tait, D, Private, Gettysburg. Aaron Nichols, H, Private, Gettysburg. A. Mullen, F. First Sergeant, Gettysburg. E. Beckett, P", Sergeant, Gettysburg. Ed. Ashley, F, Private, Gettysburg. J. E. Pells, F, Private, Gettysburg. T. Doyle. F, Private, Gettysburg. I. Burns, ¥, Private, Gett3^sburg, John Knighton, B, Private, Gettysburg. Asa Jones, D, Sergeant, Gettysburg Charles Keegan, A, Private, Gettysburg. John Swart, 1, Corporal, Gettysburg. N. Rossman, I, Private, Gettysburg. James Bonesteel, G, Sergeant, Gettysburg. T. Croaks. F, Private, Gettysburg. Stephen Strong, I, Private, Gettysburg. AVilliam Schaffer, G, Private, Gettj'sburg. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MOVEMENTS, SERVICE & DISCIPLINE OF THE Twentieth Eegiment New York State Militia "ULSTER aXJ-AUD/' (80th N. Y. Vol. Infantry.) COMMANDED BY COLONEL THEODORE B. GATES. FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31. 1864. Janvar}! 1. — Encamped at Brandy Station, Va., with officers and detachments at every Station along the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, from Alexan- dria to Culpepper Court-house (hoth inclusive), act- ing as Provost Marshals and Guards ; and one compa- ny at Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, as guard for the Provost-Marshal-General. From this time to May 4th, the Regiment was engaged in doing provost and guard duty on and along the Orange and Alexan- dria Railroad, having charge of all mail, passenger and special trains run on that road ; the granting of pa«.«es to all persons leaving the army ; nnd to all civilians to pass from one part of the Army to an- other ; the registering of all civilians connng to the Array; the examination and general superintendence of all goods coming into the Army ; and the convoy- ing of all prisoners from the Army to other places throughout the United States. Fehruanj 13. — Colonel Theodore B. Gates, Sur- geon R. LouGHRAN, Captains J. D. S. Cook, M. Sny- der. Dan'l McMahon, Lieutenants D. J. France. M. J. C. WooDWORTii, J. Deits, and 101 enlisted men left Brandy Station, Va., on 35 days' Veteran Fur- lough, and arrived at Kingston, N. Y., on the 15th, wliere they were publicly received by nn immense concourse of citizens, and after addresses of welcome, the battalion sat down to a bounteous dinner pro- vided by the ladies, whose presence graced the occa- sion. Fehruanj 17. — The officers visited ti;c City of Alhatiti and were i vit«(l to scats on the floor of the Asscniljly Chamber. On takingseats they were address- ed by Mr. Speak kr Ai.voud in patriotic and eonipli- nientary terms. He said the regiinent was one of the old militia regiments of the State — from the good old county of Ulster. Thrice had they laid themselves upon the altar of their country. Their lamented comrades slept upon many a Wf-ll- fought battle-lield. Their former Colonel — Geo. W. Pr.^tt — fell in the second battle of Bu 1 Run. As for the third time they go forth, God grant to preserve their lives in safety and to return them once more to our State. Colonel Gates replied as follows: "Mr. Speaker and Gentlemen of the Assembly: I know not in what language to express to j'ou the gratification we feel for the honor you linve conferred upon the Twen- tieth Regiment N. Y. S. M. in inviting its officers to the privileges of the floor of this House. We came to Albany to-day, sir, on business of solemn import. We cami! here to pay, in the first place, our respects to the Governor of the State, the Commander-in- Chief of the forces of the State of New York, and in the second place to tender to the widow of our de- ceased Colonel the compliment of a presentation of a stand of colors of our regiment to her infant son, — the son of our ever-lamented Colonel. Knowing that we should be detained here till evening, we determin- ed to come to the Assembly Chamber to witness the proceedings that miglir take place, hut we had no ex- l)ectation that we should be honored with the compli- ment of seats upon the floor. "In behalf of the officers here, sir — in behalf of the regiment I have the honor to command, T thank you, sir; and I thank the members of the Assembly for the honor they have conferred upon us. The Twen- tieth Regiment is a regiment of the Militia of the State of New York. On the breaking out of the lebellion they tendered their services to the Governor of the State of New York, and through him to the President, of the United States, and were accepted. They marched from Kt'iir/ston, in Ulster County, on the '20th April, 1861, for three months' service. At the expiration of that time they returned and were mustered out of service, but were mustered in again and marched in October, 1861, for tlie war. "I feel it due that I should say to you, sir, and to the members of the Assembly, that the regiment has been faithful to the trust confided to it ; that it lias continued in the service up to the present time; that now we come back from the fieUl of duty for a brief recreation only to return again to the defence of the Government, there to remain until the war shall close. The men I now have the honor to command in the place of the former Colonel, Geo. W. Pratt, whose racinor}- is sacred to us, and T believe to tlie people of the entire State— Geo. W. Pratt, who was one of the principal men in perfecting the militia orj^anization of the State of New York; whose liear'. was in the work which he took in hand; whose patriotism was above party and above everything except tlie welfare of his country. On his dt-arh 'he regiment was as signed to me, and I have endeavored to be faithful to the trust confided in me. I endeavored to follow in the footsteps of my prodec ssor, ard T only Jiope. sir, that when this war is terminated, if 1 shall live to see its conclusion, that T may bear as good a reputa- tion for the faithful discharge of my dutj' as an officer in the service of my country, as Colonel Pkatt him- self had. " The regiment having passed through its three months, having re-enlisted for three years, and having served two and a half years of that term, has now availed itself of the offer extended to it to re enlist for three years more. The regiment feels that the great duty now devolving upon every man able to bear arms is to fight this war out to the end. Tiiey feel, sir, that nothing is paramonnt to the duty that love of country, of government, of human liberty, de- volves upon them •' Now, sir, in conclusion. I beg again to thank yen and the members of this House, for the compliment you have paid us, and I Iiope and ti-nst that yon may never have cause to blush that you invited the officers of the Twentieth N. Y. S. M. to seats upon this fioor." Fehi'uari) 22. — The battalion, accompanied by a large delegation of citizens of Ulster county, ])ro- ceeded to Albany, to present to Master Geo. S. Pratt, son of the late Colonel Geo. W. Pratt, the old regi- mental flag carried by the regiment when Colonel PuATT was mortally wounded at Bull Run Arriving at Albany tlie battalion was drawn up in front of Mrs. Pratt's residence, where His E.xcelkncy, Gov. Seymour, attended by his staff in uniform, and a large number of citizens were assembled. Colonel Gates, speaking in behalf of his resriment after alluding to the high-toned and uns{)otted char- acter of the deceased, said that "sev^n years ago, the officers of the battalion induced him ro accept the office of Colonel. At that time the militia of the State was in anything l>ut a desirable condition, and the Twentieth was small in numbers ; but it was not long alter Colonel Pratt took com- mand before it reached proportions that none had au'icipated, and occupied a position second to but few in the State. He was among the first to tender his services and his legiment to the country whea shu necMleil soliliers, and Lis gall.-intr}', his uniform kindness and l;oroio example on all occasions, inspired his men with a lastinsi- adniiration lor him. Our love for his memory — our respect for his family — bring us hern to-rlay. We come from the Ijattle-lield, wliere we have left many a comrade, to tender to his son one of the tattered banners under which his noble father fell. When the Rebellion broke out. Colonel Pratt was one of the very iirst to tender his retjiment. It seemed as though every missile hurled against Fort Sumter shook and thrilled his fragile frame, and, if possible, filled him with a deeper love for his country. It seemed as though he felt that he could make no sacrifices too creat in aid of his countrv. against this unholy Rebellion. On the 26th of April, 1861, the regiment marched to the seat of warnearly one thou- sand strong Tt had then enlisted for three months, and after serving that term faithfully, returned home, re-organized, and again enlisted, this time for three vears and again under the lead of their favorite Colonel ; an(l it was fated that our beloved and heroic commander should fall in the defence of his country, lie received his fatal wound in the second Bull Run battle. Always kind, always generous, always good and noble. I cannot (said Colonel G.) depict the grief of the regiment on learning of their loss. He has gone to his long rest, and knowing him as well as I did, I cannot doubt but that his rest is both peaceful and happv. We feel that his life was closed all too .•ioon. We know that it was not lived or lost in vain ; and it should be, as it is, I believe, our study and hope to emuhite his example, to the end that when peace is restored to country, and the majesty of our the law is again supreme, wc may enjoy a portion of the gen /ral respect, which was so largely his share and which is now paid his memory In behalf of the regiment (ad(bessing the boy), officers and men, and the men not less than the officers, I present you this battle-flag. Its wounds were received when your n^tiier fell. When it was presented to the regiment, he pledged himself that it should ever be religiously defended. It has no marks of dishonor. All its scars are honorable, and we believe that it will be beloved and held sacred by you, as it has been and is by us, for the sake of tbe'meinory of your deceased father." Master Pratt said, in reply : " I thank the Twen- tieth regim nt for these colors. I thank them for remembering my father. Iwill try and be as good and brave a man as he was " GovERNOE Seymour, responding for Master Pratt, said: " Soldiers of the TwentietJi Militia, on behalf of a sorrowing and stricken father, on behalf of a mourning family — and speaking for the orphiu chil- dren — I tliank you for this manifostation of love for the memory of one who (listiiiguished himself as your leader. Tliey will treasure up this sad iiieiuentu as among thi-ir most precious gifts. We have watched the history and course of every regiment that has left our State, with anxiety as well as with pride, and none have challenged greater admiratu/n than your regiment. How many of your comrades have lost their lives, your diminished numbers tell in hmguage more eloquent than words can utter ; and let me as- sure 3'ou tliat in the future there will he one house- hold where you will ever be remembered with mourn- ful interest; one family that will always feel the deepest interest in your career and welfare ; one house where it will be felt t* at, between it and your organ- ization, a new relation exists. This banner will be dearly cherished by him into whose hands you have placed it today. It will speak to him of the spotless character of his father — of his virtues, and ot the love borne him for those virtues by his comrades in arms ; and God grant th«t he may emulate the example thus set him." " Once more I thank }-ou for this evidence of devo- tion to the memory of your late commander — for the generous, manly, soldierly affection that has led you to manifest, in this delicate way, your continued re- gard for his memorj', and the respect that you enter- tain for his family; and I again assure you that your invaluable gift will ever be tnost dearly prized — that there is one family where your happiness will be a source of solicitude — one family where everything that relates to your regiment will be of fireside in- terest." Subsequently the officers were entertained at Mrs. Pratt's house, and the men, as the guests of Mrs. Pratt, sat down to a sumptuous dinner at the Amer- ican Hotel. While there. Master Erasti's Corning, son of E. Corning, Jr., and a nephew of the late Co - onel Pratt, made his appearance among them, and presented each of the men with a tract, evidently to their great pleasure. Soon after 4 o'clock, the battal- ion took the cars for Kingston. Master Pratt, with numerous others, accompanied them across the river, and as the cars left thej' gave him rounds of cheers. During the time the battalion was at home 140 re- cruits were added to the regiment. March 18. — The battalion, with its recruits, was drawn up in line, preparatory to its departure for the Army, when Mrs. Albert Kugler, through Hon. Gko. T. Pierck, presented a beautiful silk color to the regiment. Mr. Pierce spoke a.s follows: ''Colonel Gate?, oflBcers and men of the Twentieth : I am honored by xli being luaJe the instrument of your fellow-eitizen, Mr. Klcjlf.r and his g.iotl wife, in pre.sentiiig you this beautiful stand uf colors — the work of their hands. Mr. KuGLER was formerly a member of your regiment, who went out in the three months service, nnd re- turning would have gone again, but was advised by his commandant that perhaps duty to an invalid wife and to his family, demanded that he should remain at Lome. But chating under his an.xiety to serve liis countr}', he determined to make due amends ft)r his inability to go with you to the field. And his wife, desiring to make s^ome slight compensation to the regi- ment lor permitting her husb.nd to remain at home, they have acted accordingly, and this magnificent flag, which I now present you, is the result. AV'ould to God that every man and woman in the community would feel thus ill at ease with themselves, until they had done something half as noble for their country, in this trying crisis of its existence. But our German fellow- citizens have generally been loyal to the old Ug, from the very commencement of our troubles— have kept the Star of the Republic st- ady in their eyes, and have not permitted party or personal considerations to di- vert their attention or detract from their devotion to one country — one Union — one destiny." '• Yon have just returned, Colonel, from visiting the shrine of your late commandant. Colonel Pratt, where yon went to present to his wido:v and father- less son, the remnant of the battle-flag which you carried with you for two years past. It was an offer- ing well and worthil}' made. But it was this circum- stance which suggested to ]\Ir. Kugi.er that 3 ou would now stand in need of another flag. You have it; and ni view of the record which you have brought back from the war already, and of the deeds which 3-0U have performed on the Held, and which are known if all men. it would be presuu ptuous in me to charge )-ou to keep that emblem sacred, and never permit it to be desecrated or disgraced. When borne aloft at the head of your columns, let each man remember it is no mere ornament there, but that it represents the sovereignty of the nation, and the majesty of thirty millions of people. And as it proved a scourge and a terror to tyrants in the hands of jour fathers, so may it prove a scourge -.nd a terror to traitors in the hands of yon, their sons." " Men of the Twentieth : It was over two years ago, and yet it seems but a few daj-s, that you left ns be- fore, amid the mingl-d tears and acclanuitions of ten thousand of your neighbors and friends, your fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters, wives and children. Yo'i reti r led to be crowned with the blessings of 75,000 people, who waited with ofen arms to receive I xlii you. You went out as men — j'ou returned as heroes. And if you shall return again, having accomplished the object for which you go forth, and which every patriot has at heart, the restoration of the authority of the government over every inch of its soil, and of consequent peace and prosperity to the country, you will be received l)y thirty millions of people who will be ready to fall down and worship you as little less than gods." "Colonel, you return again to the field, Heaven grant, that it may be to see no more of the clash of arms or of the conflict of battle — but to give the fin- ishing stroke to the Rebellion and end the war. And the hideous shriek of terror and despair wiiich ema- nates from Richmond would seem to indicate that you had already struck the monster a blow in his very vitals, and that he even now totters to his fall. Your friends who fight from the mountain tops of East Tennessee, above the clouds, think thev can discern the beginning of the end. God grant that it may be so ; and that it may be reserved to you to become the bearers of food and freedom to those of our brethren who are confined in Southren prison-houses — to plant the standard of ihe Republic on the turrets and tem- ples of the Southern Confederac}', and speedily to re- turn to us ag.in, bringing the joyful tidings of the Union restored, the supremacy of the laws maintained, and the Rebellion crushed and overthrown.' "But whatever may be ^our fate in this respect — wherever your lot may be cast — whatever may befal )'Ou — it will be a consolation for you to know that the people of this country are a grateful people. You have had ample evidence of this at every step ofj'our progress since your return. They hold in constant re- membrance those of their kith and kin wiio have gone forth to the defense of the country, and are in the field .as the protectors of theii' homes and of their fire- sides. The Twentieth, One Hundred and Twentieth, and the One Hundred and Filty-si.xth, are numbers indelibly impressed upon the meinoiy of the people of Ulster, and which will hereafter be engraven upon the granite of her mountains. To those of you who survive the conflict and return to enjoy the fruits of your labors in a peaceful and undi.ssevered country, we pledge a heartfelt welcome and God's benisi>n. To those who shall leave their bones to bleach on a South- ern f^oil, we pledge a place upon the monumental mar- ble upon an equality with and alongside of your fathers of 177G, which every returning year shall brighten with the halo of glory which t' e blessings of increas- ing millions shall shed upon it." Colonel Gapes responed in behalf of the regiment. xliii and artci- otlici- adilrcsscs and an eloquent prayer, t!ie battalion niovdl olF amid a vast throng of j)eople to Roiuhuit, and embarked on board the steamer Thoixyis Cornel! and proci'eded to New York. March -0. — Battalion transported to the OLean steamer America and sailed for Washington, D. C, proceeding from thence via Orange and Alexandria Railroad to Jinuidi/ Station^ Va., where they rejoined the balance of the regiment. Maij 4. All dt-tachments, except the one at Army Headquarters, ordered to report at Brandij Station as as soon as the public property at their several stations was removed. At different times during the day the various detachments reported at headquarters, and were placed on ilut} guarding the public property at the depot and picketing the country in the neighbor- hood. At 11 o'clock p. M., all public property having been removed or burned and the station destroyed, the pickets were recalled and the regiment took up its line of march to rejoin the Army, then one day's march ahead. j\Iarched to StepJienshi(rg, a distance of 5 miles, and bivouacked. Jilai/ 5. — Resumed march at C a. m., crossed the Rapidaa at Gold Mine Ford, and reachi d Head- quarters, Army of the Potomac, at Wilderness Javern, in " The Wilderness,''' at 7 p. m., having marched 18 miles. From this time U7itil May 8th engaged in guarding prisoners of war. Mai/ 8. — Marched at IJ a. m. in charge of prisoners of wai-, passed thr ugh C'haiicellorsi-ille and encamped at 7 p. M. near Pincy Branch Church ; distance marched 20 miles. May 9. — Marched about G miles and encamped on north side of Fredericksburg and Orange Plank Road. May 12, — ]\Iarched to near New Salem Chiirch, on Plank Road, (3 miles from last camp. May 13. — Marched at G A. M. in charge of 7,000 prisoner.s of war (Johnson's Division, Ewem.'s Corps) through Frederickshurf/, across the Rappahannock River to Belle Plain on the Potomac Piiver, being as- sisted b}' a detachment of dismounted cavalry and a battery of artillery, the whole under the command of Colonel Gates of this regiment. Distance marched 17 miles. May 14.^At daybreak Colonel Gates ordered the c.ivalry to return, and at 2 p. m., having delivered the prisoners to the Veteran Pieserve Corps, the regiment and battery took up their line of march, and at sunset, Laving reaci ed the Rappahannock River, opposite the the City of Fredei-icksburg, bivouacked, having marched IG miles, part of the distance through a furi- ous storm of wind and rain, which flooded the small xliv streams, forcing the rcgiiuent to build bridges to allow the artillery to cro>s. May 15. — ^larciieil at 8 a. m., ciossed the Rappa- lianiiock River, passed tlirowgh and encamped in rear of Fredericksunrg. Distance marched 2 miles. May 21. — Colonel Gates ordered the battery of ar- t llery to report to Chief orx\i'tiIleiT. G and I Com- panies marched lo Belle Plain in charge of prisoners of war. Remainder of regiment marched at 7 p. .m. to and through Frcderlckshta-r/, down the Bowling Green Road, and bivouacked at 12 p. M. near the Massaponix River, having marched 4 miles. May 22. — Marched at 5 a. m., following the Bowling Green Road, and l;alted for tlie night near Welceu- Distance marched, 10 miles. Jlay 23. — Companies G and I rejoined the regiment, having marclied 44 n»iles. IMarched at 7 a. .m. and en- camped at Mllforcl on the Mattapony River, having inarched 9 miles. May 24. — Marched at 3 p. m., crossing the Mattapo- ny River at Mil ford and encamped near Wnght' s tavern. Distance marched, 4 miles. 3Iay 27. — Marched at 7 a. m., rccrossing the Matta- pony at Milford and encamped a mile west of the Mat- tacocj', having marched 15 miles. May 28. — Marched at 7 a. m., and passing through Newtown, encamped near the Mat'apony, opposite Dunhirlc- Distance marched, 12 miles. May 29. — Marched at 7 A. m. and encamped 2 miles north of the Pamunkey, opposite Newcastle. Distance marched, 10 miles. May 30. — Crossed the Pamunkey on a ptmtoou bridge, and encamped 2 miles from bridge, on the Hanover Court-house road;— A and K Companies guarding bridge. 3Iaii 31. — Moved back one mile nearer bridge. Dur- ing this month the regiment was engaged in guarding prisoners of war and bridges, protecting wagon trains, doing picket duty, acting as rear-guard to the Army, and performing the general provost duty of the Aruiy of the Potomac. The total number of Rebel prison- ers received by the regiment during the month wa.-, 10.315. June 1. — Marched at 11 a. m. towards White House, Va., and bivouacked near Old Church. Distance marched 9 miles. June 2. Marching at 8 a. sj.. and passing Old Church, encamped at Parsley' s Corners, near Ander- son s Mills, 3 miles east of Coal Harbor and 5 miles from last camp. June 11. — Marched at 3 p. ji., and bivoueked at 7J p. M. at 2\tnstairs Station. Distance marched, 8 miles. xlv J\inc 12. — Marcliod at G p. m to near Wliitc House and bivDiu'ked. Distanci.' inarched 4 miles. June 13. — Mai'clied at G a. m., and taking the Piiver Road passed CiDnbryJatnl Ldnding and ShitcrsiiUe and bivouacked at G p. M. at Jlopcrs Church-, having marched 20 miles. June 14. — Marched at 5.J a. m. 3 miles and en- camped. June 15. — Marched at 3 p m., crossing the Chicka- humin}' at G P. M. on a pontoon bridge and bivouacked at 12 p. M. Distance marched, 15 miles. June IG. — Mircheil at 5 a. m. to the James River, opposite Fort Fou:]i(itan., crossrd the i-iver at 3 p. m. on a pontoon l)i-idge and bivouacked 1 mile beyond. June 17. — iMarched at G a m., passed Merchants Hope Church and bivouacked at Knox s Cross Roads at 4 p. w. Distance marched, 18 miles. June 18. — Marched at 3 p. m. to Citt/ Point and en- camped. Distance marched, 3 miles. Colonel Gates appointed Miiitar}' Commandant of Cit}- Point. Juiie2o. — Lieutenant-Colonel Hardf.nbf.kgh, with a detachment, consisting of Adjutant J. M. ScHoox- maker. Captain W.M. H. Cunninghaim, Lieutenant Smith and Assistant S'lrgeon Wm. II. Tayi.ou and 80 men. emliarked on steamer Guide to proceed to Point Lookout and Fort Delauxire as guard for 700 prison- ers ol war. June 25. — Regiment pursn nt to orders from L eu- tenant-General Grant, embarked on transport and proceeded to Wilcox Landing, where it disembaiked and marched towards Charles City Court-liouse to re- port to Major-General Sheridan. After marching 5 miles, was ordered to occupy earth-works 2 miles nearer the landing, under command of General Getty, where remained about 3 hours, when returned to the landing and bivouacked. June 2G. — By order of General Sheridan embarked on steamer and returned to City Point. June 29. — Lieutenant-Colonel IIardenberg and de- taclimen' r joined thf' regiment During this month and July the regiment was en- gaged in doing the general provost duty for the " Armies operating against Richmond," having charge of all trains running on the Cit^" Point and Peters- burg Railroad, all mail steamers running to and from Bermuda Hundred City Point and points nortli,and the charge of the secret servire boat, a detachment of the regiment being in that service and a large number of the officers on stafFand special duty. August 0. — A vessel loaded with ordnance stores lying in the harbor at City Point, blew up at 11 a. m., causiu": great destruction of property and killing and wounding a large number of men. The loss of the xlvi regiment by tliis accinenr was r> killed .xnd 17 woiimiod. From this time till Noveml)er the regiment contin- ued doing til- same kind of duty, nothing worthy of note occuring, except a march of the regiment a few miles and back in attempting to intercept Wade Hampton's Cavalry, who had stolen a large herd of c .ttle. and the presenting to Brigadier-Gem-ral M. R. Patiuck, Provost Marshal-General, 'Armies operating agiinst Richmond " (under whose command they had been for a long time), by tlie enlisted men of the reg- iment (whose term of service was abont to expire) of a magnificent sword, belt, sash and spurs During the month of November, Colonel T B. Gates, who had commanded the regiment from the time that Colonel G. W. Pratt whs wounded, was musteed out on account of the expiiation of his term of service, and Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Hardenbergh assumed his place as Colonel of the regiment, and as Military'- Commandant of the Post and Defences of City Point. Address of the officers and men of the Twentieth Regiment N. Y. S. M. to Colonel Theodore B.Gates, on the occasion of his taking leave of them at the ex- piration of his term of service- Colonel Gates : The officers and men of your com- mand approach you with feelings of deep regret on this occasion. We are well aware that it is no unusu- al occurence for an officer who has faithfully dime his duty to re'ire from his command, leiving behind hiin some of his old companions, and almost always l>ear- ing with him the regard and esteem, as also the affec- tion of hism u, but it has yet to be learned that anj:/ officer has ever left behind him in tlie field a body of men who more sincerely and deeply feel the loss they are sustaining than do tlic officers and men of the Twentieth Rciiment N. Y. S M. Having been so long together — having fought side by side — having endured hardships together — now, that you leave us, you carry with you the most pro- found esteem — the sincerest regard — and, above all, the deep affection of your fellow-soldiers. It is, beyimd all question, a matter which concerns us deeply; for we feel that, in losing yon we lose one whose S3mpathies have ever been with us — whose voice has always cheered us — whose ^mile lias ever encouraged us, and where we have failed in our duty, we know that yoii have never failed in yours. We make no allusion to jour career as a gallant soldier — that is recorded in the hearts of j-our men, and will be read in the annals of this warfare. Trifling as may seem to you this small tribute of our esteem and affection, be assured that it is dictated by warm and loving hearts towards one whose life and xlvii career among us lias proved liiin to be a true patriot, a brave soldier, and an earnest minded, Cliristian gen- tleman. It ma}' not be inappropriate to say that this tumult of warm affection toward you wliicli 3'our proposed departure lias aroused among us, is not the spontane- ous impulse of the moment, but it is the welling forth from the very depths of the fountains of our hearts of that feeling which can uo longer be restrain- ed within bounds. It may perhaps be some slight satisfaction to you to know that it is to your example we are indebted for much that is good in us. AVe feel it and hnow it. It may be a greater satisfaction to 3'ou to be assured that that example shall always stand before us as a bright and guiding star, the lustre of whose splendor shall not be tiimmed by any fault of ours, in an earn- est endeavor to sustain the enviable reputation which you have conferred on our regiment. Now that you are returning to your home and the duties of civil life, you bear with you our heartfelt and earnest wishes for the future prosperity and hap- piness of yourself, Mrs. Gates, and your family, and, since the storm of battle for yon. has passed, may the future which lies before j'ou be as bright and glorious in itr! result, as the past has been distinguished by your nobleness and valor. That He who has thus far preserved you may keep you, with those who are dear to you, safe unto the end, is the earnest prayer of the officers and men of the Twentieth Regiment New York State Militia. During the months of November and December the regiment continuefl, the peiformance of the same and similar duties as they had done since their arrival at City Point, nothing of particular interest occurring e.\'cept turning out twice during the night time and marching to the defences to repulse threatened at- tacks of the enemy. xlviii ANNUAL REPORT MOVEMENTS, SERVICE & OlSCiPLIIE OP THE Twentieth Regiment New York State Militia, COIIJIANDED BY COLONEL J. B. HARDENBERGH, For the Year ending Decemeek 31, 18G5. Ja;ina?7y 1. — Encamped ar Citu Point, V:i., doing guard diitv and the provost duty for the " Arinit's op- perating against Richmond." Febntan/ 15. — Colonel IlAUDENBKr.GH relieved fron) command of post of City Point by Brevet Bricadicr- Gcneral C. 11. T. Colms. and assumed command of the regiment — General Coi.i.is's regiment having been ordered to duty there. Fehntari/ 10. — Major J. R. Leslie was assigned to the temporary command of tlie Eighth Regiment Del aware Vohinteeis, lying at City P'oint. During the balance of this month and the month of JLirch the regiment continued performing the same kind of duties hs heretofore mentioned; turning out once and marching to repulse the enemy, who had broken through our lines at FoH Sfcdmmi, but the enemy retiring, the regiment returned to camp. April 2. — Received orders abou'' 4 a. m. for the reg- inif'nt to march with brigade to occupy the works which had rceentl}- been thrown up (m the heiglits above City Point, to act as a reserve and support to an attack whicli had been ordered by General Grant to be made at daylight along the whole front of the lines investing Petersburg and Riclimond. The regiment marched as oidered and reached the position • ssigned it, just south of the City Point and Petersburg Raili'oad, at dawn. A portion of the enemy's works (including Fort Mahone, known more familiarly as "Fort Dam ncttinn^^ ) Inw- iug been carried ijy assault by the Ninth Corps, and the enemy having made several attempts to recover them, which had been repulsed, and it being feared, that as the}^ were the key-point of that line, the ene- my would again endcaior to retake them at all haz- ards, the brigade to which the regiment wns a' tached xlix was ordered, at 7 ,\. .m., to move fo their support. ^Ylth the utmost expedition they moved accordingly — most of the way at a double quick — to Fort Sedg- wick igeneraliy known as " Fort IMV). Upon their arrival they were immediately formed in line of battle and ordered to move forward and occupy Fort Mahone; the enemy still occupied the line to the left of Fort Mahone, and were thus enabled to keep up an enfilad- ing fire over tlie ground the regiment was compelled to pass in moving from Fort Sedgwick to Fort Maiione. This lire was very severe during the time the regiment was taking up its position, occasioning considerable loss to it. Just after the position was attained, the eneuiy having concentrated their forces, made a des- perate charge, in hopes of recapturing the fort, but were i-epulsed with heavy loss to them. They then re- treated to their inner line of works, and opened a brisk musketry fire, which was kept up until about 10 p. M. During the night the brigade moved forward and captured a lunette work in front of Fort Mahone mounting two casemate howitzers, which enfiladed the works to the right of the t"ort. Shortly afterwards fires were seen at several points along the line, and in the direction of Petersburg and Richmond, and several heavy explosions were heard, showing conclusively that the enemy were evacuating those places. April 3. — About ;> a. m. the brigade was ordered forward. They advanced rapidly on Petersburg, found the enemy's inner line o( works abandoned and reached the city just at dayl'ght. The color sergeant and color guard proceeded to a conspicuous house near by and hoisted the Stars and Stripes over it. This was the first United States flag that waved in this city limits after tlie passage of the Ordinance of Seces- sion by the State of Virginia. The regiment remain- ed in Petersbui-g until the aftern cere thanks for the uniform respect, cheerful obedience and strict attention to duty you have ever evinced in your different relations to Uie regiment. AVhatever my shortcomings may have been (and I know they have not been a few), 1 have the satisfnction to know that "I have endeavored to do my duty." The name and reputation of the Twentieth have ever been most dear to me. and during my connection with it I have endeavored to keep constantly in view- its interest and h:mor. I exceedingly regret that the regiment could not liavt- gone home as an i)rg inization and been finally dischai-ged at its original rendezvous. There is noth- ing I more greatly desired, or that would have afford- ed" me greater pleasure, and I am sure this is the feel- ing of a very large majority of the regiment. But on the account of the want of proper acconunodations there for the men at this season, during the time they would necessarily have to be detained before liii receiving their final pr\y and rliscliari^cs, tlic matter was deemed unadvisablo and impracticable. It was supposed that at this place, which had been used so long as one of the regularly established depots for re- crsiits and regiments to be mustered out, we would find everything which the season and climate render- ed necessary, under the circumstances, for your health and comfort. But 1 i egret to say that we have been most sadly disappointed. If 1 could have forseen the shameful and disgraceful state of things here, I certainly would have used every effort in my power to have had the regiment ordered to Kingston, for how- ever we mii>lit have fared there, we certainly could not have fared worse that we have here. I regret the more that we could not have gone home as a regiment, because I know it would have afforded the friends of the regiment great pleasure to have extended to it a nu)st cordial welcome. The}' have had in course of preparation for some time a new color, which it was intended to have presented to the regiment upon its arrival in New York. Colo- nel Gates came down for that purpose last Tuesday, but upon his arrival here he found that it was not finished, and so the presentation had to be deferred to some future time It is now proposed by the citi- zens of Kingston, as a testinumial of the honor and esteem with which they have ever regarded the ' Old Twentieth," to give an entertainment to the members of the regiment on the 22d of February next, and at tliat time to present the color, aud I am requested to give a cordial invitation to every member of the regi- ment to be present on that occasion. I hope that ail who can possibly do so will be present in their proper uniform. One word more and lam done. You are now about to quit the military service and retm-n once more to the quiet walks of civil life . I'ou belong to a regiment which has achieved ananie and reputation which will go down through all coining time and which you and those who may come after you will hereafter contemplate with pride and satisfaction. As you have been good and faithful soldiers, so I know you will be good and exemplary citizens, ever remembering that your du- ties as citizens are no less important to your country than those as soldiers. " Peace hath her victories, No less renowned than war." I hope you may long live to enjoy, through uninter- rupted peace and prospeiity, the rewards you have so richlv earned, and that the choicest blessings of Heaven may ever abide with you and yours. And now, comrades, it only remains for me to pro- nounce the parting word — Farewell. liv Fehriiari/ 22. — Pursuant to previous notice the reg- iment assembled to receive the Hag wliicli bad been obtained for tbem l>y the citizens of Kingston ; the following extract from one of the village newspapers na' rates tha circumstances incident thereto: "On the 22d inst. th ' ceremonies attendant upon tlie presentation of a regimental Hag to the Twentieth N. Y. S. M. took place at tlie armory in this village. A large number of citizens and soldiers were present. Major VON Bkck of Rondout, was called to the chair. T^iat veteran vocalist, Mr. Bkrnard Covkrt, was then introduced and sang an appropriate patriotic song. The presentation speech was made by II. H. REVNOLns, Esq.. of this village, and the response by Colonel T. B. Gates. Wc have no room for their speeches, and can only say of them that they were in the highest degree appropriate and eloquent. "The color 's of blue silk, with the State arms beau- tifully embroidered in the centre. Over these, and likewise embroidered, are the words, ' Ulster Guard,' Twentieth N. Y. S. M., and worked upon the colors indifferent positions is the following regimental re- cord: 'Washington, April, 1861; Beverly Ford, August 21, 1862; AVarrenton Springs, August 27, 1862; Gainesville, August 28, 1862; Groveton, AuLMist 29, 1862 ; Second Bull Run, August SO,"' 1862; Chantilly, September 1, 1862; South Mountain, September 14, 1862 ; Antietam, Sep- tember 17, 1862 ; Fredericksburg, December 12 to 15, 1862 ; Gettysburg, Jul v 1 to 4. 1863 ; Petersburg, April 1 to 3, 18G5; Richmond, April, 1865.' " After the services were concluded, the soldiers were invited to the upper room of the armory, where a most bounteous collation Avas spread, and the tables were attended by fair women who gave our brave boys a cordial welcome and a lu.vuriant repast. The entire affair was a most gratifying success. " On the evening of the same d iy the officers of the regiment held a meeting at Brown's Hotel in the vil- lage of Kingston, at which it was unanimously resolv- ed that the regiment should be immediately reorgan- ized under the National Guard law of this State, and designating (on motion of Colonel IIardenbergh) as their choice for commandant. Colonel T. B. Gates. It was further resolved that Colonel J. B IIakden- BERGii, Major W. A. Van Rensselaer, Captain J. M. ScHOONMAKER and Lieutenant Geo. North, Jr., be appointed a comn\ittee to assist Colonel Gates in reorganizing the regiment. •' Since that time the work of reorganization has been going on and is now nearly finished, and it is expected that next August the regiment will resume its annual encampments." Alexandra, La., 128th N. Y. S. V. 46 American (Northern). Characteristic Qualities, 11. American Union Soldiers, Honors, due to. 56-'8. Antietam, 33. .Appendix: Official Records, 20th N. Y. S. M., or 80th N. Y. v., i.— liT. Arctic and Antarctic Explorations, 8. AsToR, Brevet Brig. -Gen. John Jacob, Jr., son of Wm. B. Astor, Esq,. Vol. Aide-de-Oamp to Maj.-Gen. George B. McOlei.lan, may be classed, in some degree, as a Representative of Red Hook. AucHMUTV, Brev. Lt.-Col. (U. S. V.) Richard Ttl- DEN, 97, 100, 102-'3. Bacon, Reverend Thomas Scott, 30. Bailey, Brig. -Gen. James, Red River Dam, 46. Baltimore, bridled and bitted by Butler, 17-18. Barbarous Treatment of Union prisoners by the Rebels in the South West, 26-'9. Barker, Capt. Augustus, 14t2d, 71-'2. 118-122. Barnard, Maj.-Gen. U. S. A., Opinion of South Car- olina, 11. Battle Roll of the 20th N. Y. S. M , or 80th N.Y. V., (1861-'3)32t. Baton Rouge: 128th N. Y. V., 42-'3. Bell presented by Brevet Maj.-Gen. J. Watts dk Peyster, S. N. Y., to Trinity Church, Episcopal, Natchitoches, La., 30. Bounty .Jumpers, 57. Brown — John, 3 4. Bdrgoyne, 6. Bush — Asst. Surgeon William T., 61st N. Y. V., 16,* 60-'l. Butler— Major-General Benjamin F., 17. C Contingent or Quota furnished by Town of Red Hook, 1-2, 13-17, 21-'2, 21+. Contingent or Quota lurnished by Town of Red Hook— how distributed, 14-16, 29-30, 52-'3. Clark — Rev. Jas. Starr, Prest. ; Cooke — Giles, Secretary Soldiers' Monument Association. Resolu- tion of Thanks to " Orator of the Day." 3d Page Cover. Ivi CowLES— Col. David S , 35, 37, 38, 39. Cruger— Brevet Ll.-Col. (N. Y. V.) S. Van Rens- selaer, IGf, 25-'G. Cane River Heights, 128th N. Y. V., 45. Cedar Creeic, 128tb N. Y. V., 50. Chamberlain — Lt. Wareen W., 14*, 17, 62, 67-'8. Chancellor sville, in many aspects, the Battle of the War, 33-'4. Cocborn Mortars in the hands of Red Hook " Boys in Blue," 52. Crawford — Brevet Maj.-Gen. S. W., U. S. A., 25, 94-102. T> Decker— John, 20th N. Y. S. M., 68-'9. DE Peyster — ^Brevet Capt. (N. Y. V.) Feedekic, Jr., 17*, 18, 19, 20-' 1,33. DE Peyster — Brevet Lt.-Col. (N. Y. V.) J. Watts, Jr., 14t, 14t, 23-'4 52. DE Peyster — Johnston Livingston, Brevet Lt.- Col. U S. and N. Y. Vols., 14* 2d, 11 16||, 18, 18t, .fee. DE Peyster — Richard Varick, eldest son of F. Augustus de Peyster, who commanded the Clipper, sent out with dispatches to the U. S. ^Ministers at Gottenburg in 1814, and, at the close of a life of long and honorable service, is now Superintendent of the Sailors' Snug Harbor on Staten Island. In the ad- vance to Washington, Williamston, Hamilton, &c., N. C, in November, 1862, young de Peyster, acting strictly as a Vuluntcer private in Col. Lee's 44th Mass. Vols., Stephenson's 3d Brig., behaved so admirably that he is never spoken of, in print or conversation, vcithout the highest praise. One of his Regiment, writing home from Newbern, N. C, Nov. 13th, 1862 (See Boston Evening Transcript, Saturday, Nov. 22d, 1862J, niention.s him as follows : " But two of our men were wounded in actual fight [the skirmisli at Tranter's (?), Creek between Washington, Nov. 3d, and a point ten miles from Tarboro, Nov. 6th] ; but the most unfortunate thing was the wounding of de Peyster, who was searching for the same wounded man (whom the Captain was trying to rescue out of the creek, since he had been shot in the water). You will remember him (dk Peyster) as one of whom 1 spoke, never grumbling, always ready, and in every way a model soldier. He was wounded through both parts of the arm, shatter- ing both bones. His arm (the left) was amputated just above the elbow. He is cheerful now, but will probably feel the loss of his arm, more and more, day by day." He did suffer, for, in the clumsy operation, the nerves were taken up with the arteries, and he has continued ever since to suffer, often agony. He was bent over Ivii in such a p)osition when wounded that the sumo bul- let which shattered his arm, first passed, lengthwise, diagonally, through the tleshy part of the left thigh, entering above the knee. The amputation was near the shoulder. Headi-y in his " Massachusetts in the Rebellion," at page 41 G, says : "This regiment presents, as do so many others, noteworthy instances of the patriotic devotion of Massachusetts men." (This is a mistake, de Peyster was a New Yorker by birth, the seventh generation born in that city. His enlistment in Boston was the result of accident or rather grew out of his rejection elsewhere on account of his extreme short-sighted- ness.) '' Richard V. de Peyster gave up a good salary and came from New York to Boston to enlist in the Forty -fourth Regiment He was rejected by the surgeon for nef Faithful and Unfaithful Soldiers contrasted, 54-''G. State Rights were forever defunct and disposed of — The Display of the first Real American Flag over Richmond, April 3, 1865, decisive proof that — 18-'9. Stars AND Stkipes — ("Old Glory'") the National Ensign — History of, 4-11. Stars and Stripes over Richmond, 18-'9. Stocking — Marcellus, 20th N. Y S. M., 55. Surgeons — Honor due to, 60-'l. T TiLLOTTSON — Charles H.. U. S. Navy, 16§, 22-3. TJ—V Union — A practical and united — at Port HuJson, 41-'2. Uprising of the North, 11-13. Valedictory — Explanatory, jfcc, 122. W Wainwright — Brev. Brig.-Gen. Charles S., 14+, 22 52 Wainwright— Col. William P., 16 1i, 20, 22. Washington — General George, 7. Washington saved, 128tli N. Y. A'., 47-48. War — Revolutionary, 5-7, 8. War of 1812, 7-8. War — Mexican, 8. War wit! I the Barbary States, 8. 9. War — French — Naval, 8. War and Peace, mutually, handmaids, 53-''4. Warren — Major-General (Revolutionary), 5. Warringer— RuFus, N. Y. S. M., 71. Watts — George. U. S. Dragoons, saved General Scott's life l)efore Chippewa, 1814, 7. WiiiTMARSii — Sergeant Wm. R., 27, 29. Winchester— nSth N. Y.^V., 48-'9. WiNSLow and Semmes — Kearsarge und Alabama 10. Wter or Dwyer— Peter—I 28th N. Y. V.. 71. -Y Yellow Bayou, La., Prince Polignac licked, 128th N. Y. v., 47. Yorktown — 1781 contrasted with 1862, 7. Cai.lendar House, Tivom, Nov. 22, 186G. Brevet Major- General ( .S. N.Y.)^. Watts de Peyster, TivoU: My Dear General: At a Meeting of the Committee appointed at tbe last fleeting of the Subscribers to the •' Soldiers Mon- ument Association "' to make the arrangements for the inauguration of the munuinent erected to the memory of the soldiers, who fell in their country's cause, from this neighborhood — held this day at the village of Madalin, it was unanimously Resolved that General J. Watts dk Peyster be requested to deliver the Address upon the occasion. T[ \ras further Resolved that the 28th day of No- vember (Wednesday), at U p. m., Fellers Hall, Mad- alin, be fixed as the time and place for the delivery of the same. I am requested in behdf of the committee and the subscribers to inform you of their action, and hope vou wi I accept th<» invitation to deliver the Address on this occasion, we all feeling that the subject could not be entrusted to any one of our community who can do it the justice that you can. It will, we are aware, impose upon you s(ime labor, but this is a fit- ting cause for your labors You were foremost in the efforts of all true lovers of their country in urging and pointing out the necessity of the people, one and all, to shoulder the musUet" and go forth at their "country's call." AVe ask you now to deliver the nd