F 
 
 [Fourteenth Edition.] 
 
 (2-2-'97.) 
 
Glass JZH,^ 6 6 
 Book.^M(^7vr 
 
 f 
 
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION 
 
 —>© CONCERNING THE (^— 
 
 STATE OF IMSSOUHI 
 
 r/3 
 
 Cheap Farming Lands, 
 
 The Grazing and Dairy Region, 
 The Mineral and Timber Resources, 
 The Unsurpassed Fruit Lands, 
 
 Limitless Opportunities 
 
 for Labor and Capital 
 
 WITH COMPLIMENTS OF THE 
 
 ©enei-^l '^o^^^en^er "©epartntcnt 
 
 -OF"- 
 
 The Missouri Pacific RftiiWAY Co 
 

 edi©Gttioip. 
 
 JIPO those wYp desire to nqake a good, ch[eap h[orr|9 
 for themselves and families, surrouqded by all tl^e 
 advantages and conqforts of schools, churches^ railroads, 
 social and other privileges of aq old aqd well-establislqed 
 community, where good laqds can be obtained far below 
 their actual value, this surrjmary of the resources of Missouri 
 is dedicated 
 
 Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1889, by 
 
 H. C. TowNSEND, General Passenger apd Ticket Agent Missouri Pacific Railway, 
 
 In the office of the Librarian of Congress, "Washington, D. C. 
 
 iM 
 
 PRESS OF 
 
 Woodward & Tiernan Printing Co., 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 1^ 
 
 (2-2^*97.> 
 

 
 ->MISSOURI.i^ 
 
 ♦ > > &< ♦ 
 
 LOCATION. 
 
 HHl ISSOURI, on account of its central location, is destined for a 
 commanding position in the sisterhood of States. The geographi- 
 cal position of a State or country has as great a bearing on the 
 importance of that State or country financially, politically and socially as 
 all other influences combined. Why is New York the Empire State? 
 Why is its influence felt so strongly in all matters of national impor- 
 tance? Why do the sister States look to New York to lead? Why are 
 the political and financial policies of the country dictated from New 
 York? While the United States was confined to the region east of the 
 Allegheny mountains, and the commerce of the country west was of no 
 importance, Virginia, on account of its central location, exerted the con- 
 trolling influence in the affairs of the nation. Her soil was superior to 
 that of New York, her cHmate was more genial, and her natural adapta- 
 tion to acquiring wealth in all branches of industry surpassed that of 
 New York. Her statesmen and great men were made greater because 
 they were citizens of Virginia, and their influence was augmented by the 
 proud position of the great State which they represented. But bow great 
 the change. Virginia has lost nothing. In fact, her gain in spite of a 
 disastrous war, has been steady. But how is it with New York ? When 
 the Star of Empire was pushed over the barriers of the Alleghany moun- 
 tains, and the army of emigration took possession of the rich farminsr 
 lands in the Mississippi valley, the streams of commerce and humanity 
 commenced to flow east and west, instead of north and south. New 
 York harbor was the central point toward which these streams con- 
 verged, and New York, on account of her commanding position by the 
 
4 MISSOURI. 
 
 sea, held the world for tribute, going and coming, and grew in wealth and 
 power as the nation extended westward. Thus it is seen that New 
 York held its position, not by virtue of its natural fertility or mineral 
 wealth, but because of its location relative to the other States. 
 
 New York will doubtless always maintain her supremacy, but there 
 are influences at work that will build up a rival in the West. In a coun- 
 try so large as ours there must necessarily be interests which are more or 
 less antagonistic while in no way interfering with the stability of 
 government. The West being an agricultural region, exclusively, finds 
 itself out of harmony both in the matter of finance and political economy 
 with the East, which is largely manufacturinpc. The center of popula- 
 tion, wealth and power has been steadily moving westward since the 
 beginning of the century, and the tendency has been to seek a perma- 
 nent lodgment in the Mississippi valley. Every advance westward and 
 the admission of every new State has lessened the influence of New 
 York and the East on the affairs of the West and has forced it to a 
 greater reliance on its own resources and the principles that should 
 govern their development. Then, too, the North and th€ South have not 
 wholly recovered from the antagonisms of the war. But the South is 
 developing its natural resources at a wonderful pace. The Southwest has 
 increased its population 60 per cent in the past eight years, and over 
 5,000,000 of people have been added to the population of the whole South 
 since the census of 1880, and the increase in wealth both in manufactures 
 and agriculture has been even more rapid and phenomenal. The inter- 
 ests of the South and West are identical and the reconciliation of the 
 whole country lies in the harmonious working together of those two sec- 
 tions, for their common good. Therefore nothing is plainer than that 
 the West must have a common center where its own commercial, 
 political and social interests will crystalize ; but there must also be a 
 common ground on which to meet the South and East. There is no 
 State that has so even an adjustment of forces as Missouri. Here are 
 found in about equal proportions representatives from the North and 
 South, the East ivud West. The methods, ideas and sentiments of all 
 sections here work harmoniously together. They understand and 
 respect each others principles. 
 
 Si. Louis is rapidly becoming the commercial center of the Mississippi 
 valley. It overshadows the whole Southwestern trade, and gives its pro- 
 tecting influence to every line of production and traffic. In St. Louis 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 then questions concerninoj the welfare of the whole country can be 
 equitably and impartially adjudicated and it will exert an influence, 
 independent of its commercial greatness, that will be felt in the remotest 
 
 MISSISSIPPI RIVER BELOW ST. LOUIS. IRON MOUNTAIN ROUTE. 
 
 corner of the United States. Missouri will change from a State of local 
 to a State of national importance, and the citizen, the merchant, the pro- 
 fessional man, and the congressman, will have added to his own abilities 
 and influence, the weight of his citizenship of the great State of Missouri. 
 
6 MISSOURI. 
 
 As is well known, the State of Missouri is situated geographically 
 almost in the exact center of the United States, and is also the central 
 State of the Mississippi valley, and is about equi-distant from the Atlan- 
 tic and Pacific oceans, east and west and Canada and the Gulf of Mex- 
 ico, north and south. Its area is 69,415 square miles or 44,425,600 acres, 
 the greater portion of which is tillable. Its physical features are varied 
 unique and wonderful. But after all, the most striking feature of this 
 gi-eat State, is the decided abandonment with which Nature has lavished 
 her choicest gifts. No region in the world has received equal recogni- 
 tion at her hands. On mountain and in vale, on hill and plain, there 
 flourishes in superabundance, every article that can be absorbed by man 
 in the progress of civilization. Emerald pasture lands, where thousands 
 of cattle graze and get themselves in a sacrificial condition to supply the 
 hordes of humanity sweeping westward with food, where mobile flocks 
 supply the golden fleece for man's apparel, where staple grains that feed 
 the world spring from the prolific soil at the waving of labor's wand. 
 
 Sturdy mountains hold within their metal sides rich deposits of iron, 
 lead, and numerous other minerals that meet the wants of civilization 
 and add to the wealth of the State. The hillsides teem with vineyards, 
 and grapes as luscious as were ever ripened by the sun of Burgundy or 
 Ehineland are compressed into sparkling wine. And where does earth 
 reveal a region with a more abundant variety of vegetation and more 
 prolific of its fruits and flowers. Vast forests, the growth of centuries, 
 deepen the shadows of the landscape and whose depths furnish the tim- 
 ber that is fashioned by the skillful hand of the artisan into a thousand 
 shapes and forms of usefulness and beauty. Throughout the State are 
 inexhaustible deposits of lead, zinc, tin, iron, kaolin and granite. A 
 combination of fertile prairie and waving forest, green pasture and limpid 
 stream, make a delightsome landscape to be seen in its perfection 
 nowhere else. 
 
 And this is the country we would tell you of. This is the country, as 
 it shall be shown, where Nature has been more lavish in the bestowal of 
 elements of wealth and happiness, prosperity and great and inexhausti- 
 ble wealth than anywhere else in the world. Missouri is a State that 
 luckily has escaped the blighting influence of the boomer. While she 
 has been fortunate in this respect, she has perhaps been retarded in 
 development by the too conservative spirit heretofore displayed by her 
 citizens and by a lack of judicious and legitimate advertising. The peo- 
 
MISSOURI. 7 
 
 pie of Missouri now see the necessity of making the resources and ad- 
 vantages of the State known to the world, or get left far in the rear in 
 the rush of civilization and the development of the Southwest. The 
 country to the west and southwest has been so much more clamorously 
 advertised than Missouri, that the latter State has been in a measure 
 overshadowed, and it is not known that in its borders are rich farming, 
 grazing and fruit lands, which can be purchased at not much greater 
 cost than the unimproved lands of the far West ; and unlike them, they 
 have the advantages of schools, society, railroads, markets and many 
 other similar benefits which are denied to the first generation on the 
 virgin soil. 
 
 It has long been a matter commented upon by persons familiar with 
 Western emigration, that home-seekers pass through the State of Mis- 
 souri and on to the extreme frontiers of Kansas and Nebraska — paying 
 for land in sparsely inhabited neighborhoods, prices, in some instances, 
 greater than those charged for better lands over which they have passed 
 to reach the wilderness. There can be found within the State of Mis- 
 souri farming lands as fine as the sun ever shone on, which are held 
 at prices as low as prevail two and three hundred miles farther west. 
 And yet of the immense stream of immigration that annually pours 
 westward, but a very small proportion halts until it reaches the very 
 borders of civilization. This is caused by the fact that persons who 
 leave the populous East to seek homes and cheap lands in the West, set 
 out on their journey under the impression that in the thickly settled 
 portions of the Western States prices are very much higher than on the 
 frontiers. The result is that without any investigation whatever, they 
 go on and on until they reach the end of the railroads, or at least the re- 
 motest settlements, and arriving there by the thousands, find the com- 
 petition of purchasers far greater than prevails in a portion of the country 
 through which they have journeyed. Hence they pay larger prices for 
 land remote from the markets, in neighborhoods enjoying none of the 
 benefits pertaining to a thickly populated region, and are compelled to 
 labor for years at a disadvantage they could have avoided by settling in 
 the older portions of the States through which they have passed. ^ 
 
 The mistake of Eastern people who come West to buy farming lands is 
 that they leave home in charge of a land agent, and never look to the 
 right or left until they find themselves near the foot-hills of the Rocky 
 Mountains. Here they invest in "wild prairie" that never has been, and 
 
8 MISSOURI. 
 
 probably never will be reliably productive. Meanwhile they pass 
 through the most fertile agricultural region on the continent, where 
 land is offered at very low rates, and on reasonable terms, where 
 failure of crops is almost unknown, where markets are convenient 
 and agriculture profitable. If you are about to remove to the "West, 
 beware of excursions into the wilderness. 
 
 Missouri comprises a portion of the garden spot of the West. There 
 cannot be found on the continent an area of country equaling it in fer- 
 tility and natural resources, nor one more happily situated with reference 
 to the great markets of the country. The actual value of land ought to 
 bear a relation to the convenience of its locality to markets as well as 
 to its qualities in other respects. Therefore land within reach by rail or 
 otherwise of the Missouri river points should be far more valuable than 
 lands more distant, for Missouri river points are and will be for all time 
 to come, the markets in which the products of a large portion of the 
 State must be sold. It will pay persons seeking Western homes to tarry 
 a while in Missouri before buying land. Having done so, they cannot 
 fail to come to the conclusion that there may be such a thing as going a 
 little too far west just for the sake of getting a chance to grow up with 
 the country. In this portion of the great West, enterprise has taken a 
 strong, fresh, new hold, and the New South and the New West are grow- 
 ing together. The vast resources are bringing hither every branch o:: 
 manufacture, and the time is not far distant when along the banks of 
 the "Big Muddy " the great manufacturing centers of the world will 
 exist. Only a little while ago this region imported its canned vegetables 
 from the Atlantic coast and its canned fruit from the Pacific. To-day, 
 because of the fact that on one acre of Missouri bottom land more of 
 such vegetables can be raised than on double that amount of Eastern 
 land, and because our orchards can be made as prolific as those of 
 California, the trade of both the East and West in both classes of goods 
 mentioned, has rapidly fallen off and the Missouri valley has become 
 self-supporting in that particular. Moreover, the land which is so much 
 better is far more plentiful and very much cheaper, and in a little while 
 the Missouri valley, already an exporter, will be furnishing the world 
 with canned fruit and vegetables. 
 
 In thousands of other directions among the comforts, necessaries and 
 luxuries of life, the Missouri valley region will become the supply depot. 
 Our fields of grain, ^ocks and herds of sheep, cattle and swine, mines of 
 
MISSOURI. 9 
 
 iron, lead and zinc, quarries of stone, beds of sand and hundreds of inex- 
 haustible resources have already brought hither planing and flouring 
 mills, furniture factories, starch factories, breweries and distilleries, meat 
 packeries, weaving establishments, foundries and many other like enter- 
 prises, and they will be doubled and redoubled many and many times, 
 and to them will be added hundreds of other lines of art and manufacture, 
 gathering material for their product on the ground. 
 
 The teeming East should and will learn of this, and that there is room 
 and employment for countless thousands in this vast region, openings for 
 investment where energy and enterprise will prove the talismanic keys 
 to fortune. To this fair and fertile section a hospitable people invite the 
 industrious from everywhere. 
 
 The bona fide homeseeker, the capitalist and investor are wanted in 
 Missouri and to them the State will be a revelation. You will not find 
 here an El Dorado, dollars cannot be found as thick as autumn leaves in 
 Valambrosia, nor can wealth and happiness be acquired without the 
 sweat of honest toil. But you will find a land where industry receives 
 its sure and rich reward, and judicious investments will bring an abund- 
 ant increase. Your life and property will not be hazarded by the 
 blizzards that sweep the North, nor your grains and grasses be shriveled 
 by the hot winds of the sun-parched deserts of the distant West. You 
 can at moderate cost locate yourself on some of as fine land as the sun 
 ever shone on right along the great highways of commerce between the 
 East and West, where the arteries of traffic are throbbing with ever 
 increasing activity. Here is a country right in the midst of civilization 
 «\^here a small investment aided by intelligent labor will bring its sure 
 reward of wealth, where churches and schools, culture and enlightenment, 
 hold undisputed sway over a peaceful people. 
 
10 MISSOURI. 
 
 PHYSICAL FEATURES AND SOIL 
 
 ft ISSOURI is situated in the geograpliical center of the Republic, in 
 ^ tlie Mississippi Valley, having that river sweeping its eastern 
 ~" boundary, with the Missouri separating it nearly in the center, 
 
 flowing east and west, and from Kansas City northward, forming its west- 
 ern boundary. Nature's means of transportation are abundantly pro- 
 vided. The waters of these two rivers afford a cheap and convenient 
 means of carrying on commerce between the principal cities of the 
 State and of bordering States, and also an outlet for the products of the 
 western part of the State to the East, and brings it in water connection 
 with Memphis, New Orleans and the gulf and ocean. Thus, without rail- 
 roads Missouri would be by no means helpless and cut off from the com- 
 merce of the outer world. Upper Missouri may all be included in the 
 Mississippi, Missouri and Grand river valleys, and is nearly all prairie, 
 the timber being confined to the narrow stretches that skirt the streams 
 principally. The prairie land is, for the most part, high and rolling, 
 except the river bottoms in the immediate vicinity of the rivers, and the 
 soil of the whole of northern Missouri is deep, rich and easily cultivated. 
 Even indifferent cultivation brings abundant harvests. South of the 
 Missouri river, except in the extreme west, is the timbered and broken 
 part of the State. The southwest section referred to is similar to north 
 Missouri and contains, at present, nearly all the desirable farming land 
 of the State, that may be had at low rates and to which it is especially 
 desired to invite the attention of those looking for good, cheap homes. 
 The remainder of the country south of the river, while not so well 
 adapted, as a whole, to general farming, contains the mineral and timber 
 wealth of the State, and, in addition, some excellent farming lands in the 
 river bottoms, and it nearly all affords grazing that can be surpassed 
 nowhere. This comprises the Ozark region of the State and is, conse- 
 quently, moie broken than the northern part; and, to the southwest of 
 St. Louis, toward the southern boundary of the State, the hills attain the 
 height and dignity of mountains, many rearing their abrupt granite peaks 
 among the clouds. 
 
 The scenery here is all picturesque, some of it attaining the grand and 
 sublime. While not possessing so rich a soil as the northern part of the 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 11 
 
 State, Nature has bestowed her wealth in a different form. Here are 
 found the rich iron, lead, zinc and kaoUn mines of the State. And here 
 is dug the coal that supplies the Western world with fuel. It is idle to 
 speculate upon the extent of the mineral deposits beneath the surface of 
 the State of Missouri. It is a question that many ages in the ftiture will 
 not l)e able to 
 solve, no mat- 
 ter how vast 
 exploration 
 a n d removal 
 may draw upon 
 its stores. The 
 Iron mountain 
 is the largest 
 exposure and 
 thepurestmass 
 of iron known 
 on the earth. 
 Missouri, with- 
 out doubt, now 
 produces more 
 lead than all 
 the States com- 
 bined, and zinc 
 is quite as 
 abundant. 
 
 The other 
 navigable riv 
 ers of the State 
 are the Osage, 
 Gasconade,La- 
 mine and White. Small rn- 
 ers, creeks and branches are distributed 
 over the whole extent of the State, furnishing an abundance of water, an 
 effectual drainage, and mill sites to any extent of demana for many years 
 to come. Springs of purest water exist in abundance throughout south- 
 ern Missouri, and there are a great variety of mineral waters. Some of 
 these springs are noted for the abundance of water which they pour forth. 
 
12 Missotrm. 
 
 The soils are of great variety, as is shown by the State Geologist's 
 report, and are adapted to the production of all kinds of grain, fruits and 
 vegetables in their greatest perfection, known to the temperate zone. 
 Timber varies with the soil and embraces a very wide range of the 
 choicest varieties of both hard and softwoods. Among the most valuable 
 timber found are the sweet, black and yellow gum, the pine, beech and 
 tulip tree. The hard wood varieties are oak, walnut and hickory, elm, 
 maple, ash and locust, cherry, cottonwood, pecan, box elder and chestnut. 
 
 The geological sub-stratum is, to a great extent, carboniferous — vast 
 areas of coal hidden beneath the surface, sufficient to furnish fuel that 
 might warm the continent for untold ages, and plainly designating 
 Missouri for the great manufacturing State of the Union in the years to 
 come. 
 
 Turning now to the soils of Missouri, we find every variety, both 
 prairie and timber, and of every conceivable depth above the geological 
 formation. These soils are indicated, in a state of nature, as well by the 
 growth of grasses upon the surface of the prairie as the growth of trees in 
 the timbered regions indicates the quality of the soil which nourishes 
 their roots. One of the finest bodies of prairie land in the world can be 
 found in the chain of counties extending along the Missouri river from 
 Callaway all the way to Atchison. The drainage of this country in the 
 main is excellent. The soil is rich, quick and productive. The prairies 
 yield abundantly of corn and the smaller grains, and constitute the finest 
 meadow lands in the world. The alluvial soils of the rivers are com- 
 posed chiefly of sand, lime and vegetable mould, and their wonderful 
 fertility is generally considered indestructible. These alluvial soils are 
 generally devoted to the cultivation of corn, hemp, tobacco, Irish pota- 
 toes and hay. Wheat upon the virgin soil grows too luxuriantly and is 
 liable to tumble or lodge, and no attempts should be made to grow the 
 latter grain until several years of other crops. ^ 
 
 Another soil of great productiveness is found in the northwest counties 
 and a part of the southwest counties of the State. It is usually of gently 
 rolling prairie and is underlaid by the upper and middle coal measures. 
 The agricultural products are corn, wheat, hay, oats, barley, potatoes, and 
 in fact almost any products of the State. As a consequence, cattle, hogs, 
 mules, horses and sheep flourish here. This soil is black from the 
 presence of lime in quantity, and if the lime-stone contains iron, the soil 
 is red or brown, but its productiveness is not thereby lost. Another dis- 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 13 
 
 tiiict class of soils is found South of this region, and on a belt extending 
 from the Arkansas line to the Missouri river. This class has a reddish 
 clay soil, is a fine corn and wheat country and admirably adapted to 
 fruit and sheep culture. This soil is based on magnesian lime-stone and 
 abounds in fine springs and very heavy timber. 
 
 The last class of soils is that on 
 lands elevated higher than other f ^""^^^^^^^^^^S'^^M^^ 
 
 portions of the State, being from 
 1,200 to 1,500 feet above sea level. 
 It is underlaid by sand-stone and 
 magnesian lime-stone. Black oak, 
 hickory, pine and cedar flourish 
 here, and the grape is grown in 
 perfection. In its valleys and on 
 some of its slopes the lands are 
 very fertile, and yet in compensa- 
 tion for a less generous soil. Na- 
 ture has given to this region a 
 deposit in mines of mineral and camp scene. 
 
 metal that can stand the drain of the world's wants for hundreds of 
 centuries. 
 
 The location of Missouri for all agricultural purposes is the most desir- 
 able that could be found. Being in the geographical center of the United 
 States, north and south, neither extreme of temperature is ever exper- 
 ienced. Howling blizzards and temperatures that run the mercury 
 twenty, thirty and forty degrees below zero are as utter strangers to the 
 State of Missouri as the scorching heat and fiery sun of the South. Then, 
 too, the seasons of seed time and harvest are long. The farmer has ample 
 time to get his ground in condition for the planting. The crop has a 
 long season to mature and corn is never in danger of the early frosts of 
 autumn. The winters are short and there are very few days that the 
 farmer cannot be employed in outdoor pursuits. This is an advantage, 
 too, that must not be overlooked in the economy of raising sheep and 
 cattle. The winter is short and the profits of the farm are not consumed 
 in carrying the stock through till spring. Stock can nearly make-a living 
 from the range, and, unless it is desired to fit them for the market, very 
 little feeding is required. The range of farm produce raised in Missouri 
 is exceeded nowhere. There are all the grains and vegetables of the 
 
14 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 IJorth ill the greatest perfection, the great staples, wheat and corn, mak- 
 ing the highest average per acre. All kinds of fruits reach their highest 
 perfection here. In the raising of apples and pears Missouri is already a 
 formidable rival of the East, and when all of her orchards come into full 
 bearing, this State can control the Western market. The wonderful 
 results already reached in this branch of agricultural industry are sur- 
 prising when its com- 
 parative infancy is 
 taken into considera- 
 tion. In the raising 
 of small fruits, Mis- 
 souri has exceptional 
 advantages, for, in 
 addition to reaching 
 their greatest perfec- 
 tion here, both in 
 quality and quantity, 
 the early seasons 
 enable the producers 
 to put them on the 
 markets of the coun- 
 try in advance of the 
 glut which annually 
 occurs, thereby se- 
 curing the highest 
 prices. They are also 
 in position to supply 
 the late and exhaust- 
 ed markets of the 
 South. 
 
 "When all these ad- 
 vantages are taken 
 into consideration, and, in addition, the comparative cheapness of rich, 
 improved lands in desirable communities, with every advantage of 
 society, schools and churches, no candid and fair-minded person will 
 deny the superiority of the claims of Missouri on the consideration of the 
 mtjlligent farmer who is seeking a home in the great West. 
 
 CATHEDRAL SPIRES ON THE MBRAMSO. 
 MISSOURI PAOIPIO RAILWAY. 
 
MISSOURI. 15 
 
 Another division might be made into prairie iands and timber lands. 
 Each division contains soils of all grades of productiveness. 
 
 Bisecting the State by a line drawn from the city of Hannibal, on the 
 Mississippi river, to its southwest corner, the half lying to the north and 
 west of this line may be described as the prairie region of the State. 
 That which lies east and south of the bisecting line is the timbered or 
 forest section, in which are found numerous prairies of greater or less 
 extent. The prairie lands are again divided into bottoms and uplands. 
 The bottom prairies closely resemble in soil the river bottoms. In a 
 certain sense the formation is identical ; each came from accretions — one 
 from the rivers, and the other from the higher or upland prairies. The 
 marl formation is the foundation of both, and in both it is deeply buried 
 under the modern alluvium. They owe their extraordinary fertility and 
 inexhaustible productiveness to a borrowed wealth, which came to them 
 in endless supply from the loosened soils of the higher lands by. means 
 of overflow and abundant rains. The river bottoms are generally 
 bounded by timber or bluff lands ; occasionally they extend, by gentle 
 swells, into prairie bottoms, which occupy a higher level, and are often 
 grand and sublime in their vast extent. Undulating or rolling like 
 waves in their endless succession, the upland prairies often appear as 
 limitless as the sea, and present the appearance of the ocean when sub- 
 siding from the effects of a storm. Also they are the sources of enormous 
 wealth, and are objects of never-failing interest and attraction to the 
 agriculturist, who well knows with what ease they are cultivated, and 
 how gratefully they reward his labor. The bottoms of the rivers and 
 streams are distributed over every portion of the State, and are similar in 
 formation and soil to those of the great rivers. In this book it is not 
 necessary to give minutely the classification of the soils of Missouri. A 
 general survey of the field is all that the farmer will require. 
 
 The hackberry lands are first in fertility and productiveness. On 
 these lands also grow elm, honey locust, hickory, white, black, burr and 
 chestnut oaks, black and white walnut, linden, ash, poplar, catalpa and 
 maple. The prairie soils of about the same quality are known as crow- 
 foot lands, so-called from a species of weed found upon them, and these 
 two soils generally join each other where the timber and prairie soils 
 meet. , Both rest upon a bed of firm silicious marls, and even under 
 most exhaustive tillage will prove perpetually fertile. On this soil white 
 oaks have been found twenty-nine feet in circumference and one hun- 
 
16 MISSOURI. 
 
 dred feet high, linden twenty-three feet in circumference and quite as 
 lofty. The burr oak and sycamore grow still larger. Prairie grasses, on 
 the crow-foot lands, grow very rank and tall, and by the old settlers were 
 said to entirely conceal herds of cattle from view. 
 
 The elm lands are scarcely inferior to the hackberry lands and possess 
 nearly the same growth of timber. The soil has about the same proper- 
 ties, except that the sand is finer and the clay more abundant. The 
 same quality of soil appears in the prairie known as the resin-weed 
 lands. 
 
 Next in order are hickory lands, with a growth of M'hite and shellbark 
 hickory, black laurel and scarlet oak, sugar maple and persimmon. In 
 some portions of the State the tulip tree, beech and black gum grow on 
 lands of the same quality. Large bodies of prairie in the northeast 
 and southwest have soils of the same quality called mullatto soils. 
 These hickory lands, and those mentioned as similar to them are highly 
 esteemed by farmers for the culture of corn, wheat and other cereals. 
 They are also admirably adapted to the cultivation of fruits and their 
 blue grass pastures are the equal of any in the State. 
 
 The magnesian limestone soils extend from Callaway county south to 
 the Arkansas line and from Jefferson west to Polk county, which can be 
 traced on the county and sectional map in the back of this pamphlet. 
 These soils are dark, warm, light and very productive. They produce 
 black and white walnut, black gum and elms, sugar maples, chestnut, 
 black post, laurel, scarlet and Spanish oak. They are among the most 
 productive soils of the State and yield fine crops of all the staples. 
 Thrifty fruit trees and vines evince their adaptation and fitness for the 
 production of all kinds of fruits in an extraordinary degree. Large, bold 
 springs, of limpid, pure and cool water, gush from every hillside and 
 flow away in bright streams, giving beauty and attraction to the magnifi- 
 cent forests of elm, oak, mulberry and buckeye M^hich often adorn their 
 borders. The mining regions embraced in this division of the soils, are 
 thus supplied with vast agricultural wealth and a large mining, pastoral 
 and agricultural population may here be brought together in relations 
 scarcely to be found in any other country of the world. Bluegrass and 
 other succulent and nutritious grasses grow luxuriantly, even on the 
 ridges and hillsides of the upland forests, in almost every portion of 
 southern Missouri. Located in the midst of a temperate and charming 
 climate, with its fountains and streams, its valleys and elevated lands will 
 
MISSOURI. 17 
 
 attract and delight sooner or later vast populations. On the ridges where 
 the lighter materials of the soils have been washed away or where origi- 
 nally wanting, white oak lands are to be found, the oaks accompanied by 
 shellbark and black hickory, and trees and shrubs of smaller grow^th ; 
 while the surface soil is not so rich as the hickory lands, the subsoil is 
 quite as good, and the land may be greatly improved by turning the sub- 
 soil to the surface. These produce superior wheat, good corn, and a very 
 fine quality of tobacco. On these lands fruits are abundant and a sure 
 crop. 
 
 Pine lands are extensive and embrace a large area of the southern por- 
 tion of the State. The yellow pine, which constitutes largely the growth 
 of this district, grows to a great size and furnishes immense supplies 
 of marketable lumber. They are accompanied by heavy growths of oak 
 which take the country as successors to the pine. The soil is sandy and 
 well adapted to small grains and grasses. 
 
 The tillable soil of Missouri especially adapted to cultivation and to 
 the most varied agriculture is of great variety and excellence. Its rare 
 ingredients are rarely found in the same combination elsewhere. In the 
 most hilly and broken portions of the State are rich valleys ; those unfit 
 for cultivation are covered with valuable timber. About 2,000,000 acres 
 of government lands remain still undisposed of, and while the best of 
 these lands have been culled, small and very valuable tracts may be 
 entered under the homestead and pre-emption laws. The railroad com- 
 panies still own large quantities of land. 
 
 In every county in the State farms and improved lands can be pur- 
 chased at very low prices. 
 
 CLIMATE AND HEALTH. 
 
 'pVERY other advantage being equal, the climate will turn the scale for 
 ^^ or against a country and determine the land seeker in his choice of a 
 home. It is intimately connected with the well-being of its inhabitants, 
 and is indeed the most essential element of this well-being which nature 
 can grant them. So that then the consideration of the climatic condi- 
 
18 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 tioiis becomes of the first importance in the selection of a country which 
 is to become the permanent home of our families. Missouri lies almost 
 in the center of the North American continent, It is therefore essen- 
 tially an inland State, with all the advantages and disadvantages of such 
 an inland, or as it is termed scientifically, a continental climate. Two 
 
 rivers, the largest 
 on the continent, 
 the Mississippi on 
 the eastern bor- 
 der, and the Mis- 
 souri through the 
 center of the 
 
 State, and their numerous afliuents, favorably modify the climatic condi- 
 tions. Its elevation above the ocean varies from 300 to 400 feet in the 
 southeastern portion of the State to 1,200 and 1,600 in the southwest. 
 
 The State is situated just on the limits of the wooded portion of the 
 Mississippi valley and of the western prairie country, and partakes of 
 
 ON BIG RIVER. A Rkminisoenoh of thh Past. 
 
MISSOURI. 19 
 
 both conditions. The watershed of the Ozark mountains passing through 
 the southern portion of the State, from northeast to southwest, attain a 
 maximum elevation above the surrounding country of 800 feet, but are 
 not high enough to exert a perceptible influence on the climate. 
 
 The mean annual temperature is about 55 degrees. The mean winter 
 temperature is 33 degrees and of summer 76 degrees. While in winter 
 the temperature sometimes gets below zero, and in summer up among 
 the highest figures at the top of the thermometer, these extremes are of 
 but short duration, not lasting long enough to occasion any inconvenience 
 or discomfort in either direction. The winter as a whole is moderate and 
 mild, with very little snow, and no long storm-locked periods when it is 
 with diflBculty that the farmer can keep up communication with dwelling 
 and stables, and much less with the outside world. On the contrary, 
 cattle require very little stabling and only a moderate amount of feeding 
 in comparison with the amount of care necessary on a Northern farm. 
 The summers are no hotter than in the more northern States. The 
 heated periods are of longer duration, perhaps, but are the source of 
 very little inconvenience, and no loss to the farmer, like the long winters 
 of the North. 
 
 Another element of a desirable climate for agricultural purposes, to be 
 taken into consideration, is the amount of rainfall and its distribution 
 throughout the different seasons. The average annual rainfall for the 
 State is about 41 inches. It is the least in winter and highest in sum- 
 mer. This is a high average, but insures the absence of extensive 
 droughts, which bring such widespread injury in some parts of the 
 country. And notwithstanding this large amount of rainfall, the climate 
 is a dry one, for the most abundant rains fall in a very short space of 
 time, and clear skies is the rule, and cloudy, overcast heavens the 
 exception, especially in the summer and autumn. The universal reign of 
 sunshine is a condition of the climate which is of the greatest impor- 
 tance for the well-being of the inhabitants. In summer and autumn there 
 is rarely a day without some sunshine, and in the other seasons rarely 
 three days pass without some, break in the clouds. A continuation of a 
 week's gloomy weather is a great rarity, even in the darkest months. All 
 of which is conducive in a great measure to the happiness and well-being 
 of humanity. The south and southwest winds are the prevailing ones, 
 especially in the warmer seasons, and in the winter west and northwest 
 are equally as prevalent. Winds usually prevail at all seasons, rendering 
 
20 MISSOURI. 
 
 the greatest heat of summer tolerable, but rarely reaching the dimensions 
 of tornadoes, which are so frequent farther west. 
 
 The natural as well as the cultivated products of the soil attest the 
 favorable influences of the climate on organized life. From the largest 
 timber down to the smallest and least significant members of the veg- 
 etable kingdom the greatest perfection of growth is attained. 
 
 The climate of Missouri is on the whole very favorable to the prosperity 
 of the human race, and a great and happy community will enjoy the 
 benefits a bounteous nature has so generously lavished upon the entire 
 State. 
 
 In conclusion, it is especially desirable to call the attention of the 
 farmer who is desirous of obtaining a home in the West to the advan- 
 tages to the agricultural industry of the mild, short winters which pre- 
 vail in the State of Missouri. The advantages of mild, open, short 
 winters are not fully appreciated by the farmer in changing from a colder 
 to a warmer State. A short, open winter gives him the opportunity of 
 working nearly every day in the year, and not hibernating for five or six 
 months, as the farmer of the North is compelled to do. It saves hired 
 labor, giving him a much longer season for doing his work. It saves him 
 great expense in carrying his stock through the long winter, to say noth- 
 ing of the great saving in fuel, clothing, health, etc. He can keep his 
 farm in better condition and culture, and that with his own labor, than if 
 he were restricted to a shorter season. These advantages are more than 
 the farmer can estimate, and the amount saved in a year in the milder 
 climate would represent a fair profit on a moderate sized farm. The 
 money saved is the money made on a farm, as well as elsewhere, and 
 farmers who contemplate a change would do well to look into the merits 
 of a short winter season in its bearings on farm economy. 
 
 The conditions on which general healthfulness depends, are exceed- 
 ingly favorable in Missouri. The climate, as we have seen above, is the 
 most desirable to be found in which to live throughout the entire year. 
 The summers are not extremely hot, nor the winters extremely cold, and 
 there are consequently none of the dangers to life and health which 
 attend the opposite conditions. The atmosphere may be called a dry one, 
 notwithstanding there is abundance of rainfall. There is very little 
 gloomy, overcast weather when the sun is not seen for days at a time ; 
 when rains occur, they fall fast and copiously and are followed by a clear 
 sky and bright sunshine, which quickly clears the atmosphere and earth 
 
MISSOURI. 21 
 
 of lingering moisture, that otherwise remaining would brew the germs 
 of sickness and general unhealthfulness. The altitude and rolling 
 surface of the State is also favorable to good health. Only a small 
 portion of the State can be designated as swampy. The remainder 
 is of a character which would be called decidedly broken or rolling. 
 In some sections the hills rise to the dignity of mountains, and at no 
 point in the State is there a lack of diversity of surface sufficient to 
 hold in check any amount of rainfall and prevent the most thorough 
 drainage consistent with the best sanitary conditions. 
 
 The home seeker may know, that in making Missouri his home, he 
 is not coming in a State where he will endanger the most priceless 
 possession of himself and family, their health, but on the contrary, 
 he may be assured that the chances are vastly in favor of a decided 
 improvement, not only pecuniarily, but also in the conditions of 
 health. 
 
 We have then to sum up, a soil of the highest grade of natural 
 fertility, abundance of rainfall to produce the greatest results in all 
 kinds of grains and fruits, a climate unsurpassed, and the other con- 
 ditions of health almost perfect. Now we are to see how all these 
 natural conditions are being utilized. What are the present conditions 
 of agriculture and the opportunities offered to the home seeker and the 
 future outlook of this industry in Missouri. 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 
 ITS PRESENT AND FUTUBB. 
 
 HISSOURI is essentially an agricultural State. The present status of 
 this industry, however brilliant of itself, is but a promise of the 
 future While ranking among the foremost States in the production of 
 the staple cereals as to amount and value, it is comparatively a new- 
 agricultural State, with a large amount of land that has never been 
 brought under cultivation, and a still greater quantity which is only made 
 to yield an iota of what it is capable, owing to its cheapness, the large 
 
22 MISSOURI. 
 
 tracts in which it is held, and the lack of improved methods and 
 systematic culture, such as are characteristic of the older and more thickly 
 populated East. 
 
 In 1889 the population of Missouri was 2,568,380 of all ages. Of this 
 number 792,959 were engaged in the various occupations, whereby men 
 can make an honest living and support those dependent upon them. Of 
 
 GRAND CANYON. SULPHUR SPRINCid, ON THE MERAMRO MISSOURI PACIPTC R'Y. 
 
 tfiis latter number, 375,297 were engaged in agricultural pursuits, an(i 
 making their living from the soil of the State of Missouri. Nearly half 
 were thus engaged as against those of all other occupations. Thus it is 
 seen that agriculture outstrips any other industry and indeed prepon- 
 derates over them all combined in regard to the number of inhabitants 
 engaged in them. 
 These 375,297 people produced in 1889, of the leading cereals as 
 
MISSOURI. 23 
 
 follows: corn, 213,500,000 bushels, or more than the total product of 
 the whole United States in 1860, making her third in the yield of corn. 
 
 Wheat, 23,350,000 bushels, and eighth in the yield of this staple. 
 
 Oats, 38,666,000 bushels, standing sixth in this cereal. 
 
 Rye, 535,426 bushels, again standing eighth. 
 
 The value of the potato crop of the same year was $4,689,694. 
 
 The milk products were valued at $4,173,017. 
 
 The butter yield was worth to the farmers $33,572,124. 
 
 These are a long way from being the entire agricultural products of the 
 State. No figures are here given for the stock industry, sheep and wool 
 growing, the large quantities of fruit, including the immense business 
 done in grapes and wine growing, and various other smaller products 
 which bring millions into the pockets of the farmers annually. 
 
 The above products were raised on 29,177,990 acres of land, which has 
 an assessed valuation of $395,633,307. These figures show conclusively 
 that Missouri ranks among the first great agricultural States of the Union. 
 It is in the lead in the leading products of the soil. It is the geographical 
 center of the Mississippi valley, the geographical center of the United 
 States, and of the North American continent. It is in direct communi- 
 cation by water with the ocean and the commercial centers of the world. 
 It is the center of the commerce of the great Mississippi valley and is 
 in direct communication with the Atlantic seaboard by means of all the 
 east and west through railway lines. It is central in point of latitude, 
 thus avoiding the long cold winters of the North, as well as the dry hot 
 summers of the South. It affords a great diversity of pursuits to the til- 
 ler of the soil — greater than almost any other State. All the cereals are 
 grown in the greatest perfection and yield the greatest returns. Ail the 
 fruits, grains and vegetables of the North as well as those indigenous to 
 t-he South attain the greatest perfection in Missouri. The wheat grown 
 in Missouri makes the best flour and is eagerly sought in European 
 markets. If properly sown in fair soil the yield ought to be in an aver- 
 age year, thirty bushels per acre, and indeed many farmers often obtain 
 that yield on their entire crop. The Eastern farmer with his improved 
 methods could even increase this large yield. Corn nowhere attains 
 greater perfection than here, and the soil and climate are perfectly 
 adapted to growing all kinds of fruits. Large areas of the finest pasture 
 lands are found in different parts of the State, and stock, sheep and wool 
 growing are by no means the least of her industries. 
 
24 ■ MISSOURI. 
 
 The preceding may serve to give a brief idea of the agricultural inter- 
 est of the State of Missouri. But these are figures of a State only par- 
 tially developed, and are just a suggestion of what may be accomplished 
 when all her agricultural resources have been developed and made to 
 approximate their greatest perfection under prevailing conditions. 
 
 There are vast agricultural opportunities still undeveloped in Missouri. 
 There is still a large opening for the farmer who is intelligent, indus- 
 trious and economical. 
 
 The State of Missouri contains 42,625,600 acres all told. Of this there 
 are still unimproved 14,480,610 acres. This is of course not all adapted 
 to agricultural purposes, much of it being mountainous and broken to such 
 an extent as to make it available, at its best, only for grazing purposes. 
 Some of it is covered wdth a dense growth of valuable timber. But a 
 large quantity of this area is excellent farming land and as productive as 
 any in the State. In addition to this there is considerable land in south- 
 east Missouri still owned by the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern 
 Railway which is of excellent quality for general farming, and may be 
 purchased at low rates for cash, or may be obtained on time payments 
 on easy terms and long extension of time. 
 
 But the greatest inducements to home seekers lie not so much in the 
 unimproved lands of the State, as in the low prices of the semi-cultivated 
 and improved lands to be found in all parts of the State and in some of 
 the most favorable localities. There is no State having such excellent 
 soils, superior railroad facilities, close proximity to markets and with all 
 the advantages of schools and social privileges where farms are so cheap 
 as in Missouri. For years the stream of western immigration has passed 
 through Missouri to the so-called cheap lands of the West, where they 
 paid nearly as much for the bare prairie without a stick of timber or a 
 board set up on the end to keep off the howling winds or shelter them 
 from the blizzards. They have been contented to live for years in a dug- 
 out, when, with no greater cost in the long run, they might have been the 
 possessors of improved farms with snug homes, where their families 
 might live in comfort, within a short distance of ready markets, with 
 good schools for their children and churches where they might worship 
 with their families and accumulate a compentence for their old age without 
 undergoing the discomforts of a home in the wilderness. 
 
 Missouri offers no lands to the settler for pre-emption. The chief 
 inducement, as we have said before, is the cheap, improved, rich farming 
 
MISSOURI. 25 
 
 lands of the State. On account of large holdings and unimproved meth- 
 ods of farming, the State's capacity for production has by no means 
 reached its limit. There is no reason why Missouri should not produce 
 double her present harvests of all crops and become the leading agricul- 
 tural State of the Union. In size, point of location, fertility of soil, prox- 
 imity to consuming centers, transportation facilities, climate, etc., it has 
 all the promises of a glorious future. A man with moderate means can 
 come here and buy a good farm with all the advantages enumerated for 
 no more than it would cost to prove up on a government claim in the 
 "West and erect suitable buildings for his family and stock. 
 
 To the home seekers of the Eastern States and to the traveler from 
 across the seas, Missouri has been a comparatively unknown land and an 
 unfamiliar name, while widespread advertisements have made other less 
 favored sections, with their attractions, real and assumed, household 
 words in immigration centers. For years these facts have been com- 
 mented upon and the apathy of Missourians relative to immigration criti- 
 cized. But this is a thing of the past, and now through the efforts of a 
 number of public spirited men, Missouri is to be advertised as she has 
 never been before, and the quickening into new life that is now begin- 
 ning to be felt through all the avenues of trade, through the effort J of 
 these enterprising gentlemen, is to be pushed to the very flood tide of 
 prosperity and activity that will place Missouri in the position she is en- 
 titled to by virtue of the advantages with which nature has endowed 
 her. 
 
26 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 PRODUCTS 
 
 I LL grains, fruits and vegetables do well in Missouri, A greater num- 
 %k ber of tlie foregoing products reacli perfection within the limits of 
 this State than any other similar area that the whole world could boast. 
 
 "WHEAT. 
 
 Wheat culture here cannot be excelled. The land is rolling, well 
 drained and dry. The climate is all that could be desired and the crop 
 rarely suffers from the effects of the severe winters and deep freezing of 
 the more northern latitudes which are frequently so fatal to this cereal. 
 The yield is uniform — varying but slightly from year to year — in- 
 creasing with the increase of acreage. Missouri ranks among the leading 
 wheat States. 
 
 The following table gives the amount of wheat in bushels in eight of 
 the leading grain producing States of the west for 1887, and shows that 
 Missouri stands well up in the lead in the production of this cereal: 
 
 Michigan, 21,672,000 
 
 Indiana, 37,828,000 
 
 Illinois, 36,861,000 
 
 Wisconsin, 13,063,000 
 
 Minnesota, 36,299,000 
 
 Iowa, 26,837,000 
 
 MISSOURI, 27,744.000 
 
 Nebraska, 16,585,000 
 
 It will be seen from the above that Missouri is fourth among the wheat 
 producing States of the Mississippi valley in total quantity of wheat pro- 
 duced. The table below shows the average per acre of the same States 
 for the year 1887 : 
 
 13 bushels per acre. 
 
 ivriuiiigaii, . 
 
 Indiana, 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 IlHnois, 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 Wisconsin, 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Minnesota, 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 Iowa, 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 MISSOURI, 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 Nebraska, . 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
MISSOURI. 27 
 
 The last table is the best test of the adaptability of a State to wheat 
 growing, and in the yield per acre for the whole State, Missouri is clearly 
 in the lead with the high average of 16 bushels per acre. The only State 
 of the group approaching her is Illinois with 15 bushels per acre. The 
 inference must be drawn from this, that Missouri, in fertility of 
 soil and adaptability of both soil and climate to wheat growing, 
 takes first rank among the States in the production of the great food 
 staple. 
 
 The tables following may be useful, and while they show that on 
 account of distance from the seaboard, Missouri farmers did not receive 
 as much per bushel for their wheat, they more than made up the 
 difierence in the greater yield per acre and the superior quality of the 
 grain : 
 
 Michigan, 
 
 Indiana, 
 
 Illinois, 
 
 Wisconsin, 
 
 Minnesota, 
 
 Iowa, 
 
 MISSOURI, 
 
 Nebraska, 
 
 Table showing the total value of tlie wheat crop of the eight leading 
 wheat States for the year 1887 : 
 
 Michigan, $16,037,000 
 
 Indiana, 27,236,000 
 
 Illinois, 25,802,000 
 
 Wisconsin, 8,360,000 
 
 Minnesota, 21,416,000 
 
 Iowa, 16,370,000 
 
 MISSOURI, 17,201,000 
 
 Nebraska, 8,790,000 
 
 The wheat raised in Missouri is of the best milling quality and Is much 
 sought after both at home and in foreign markets. We think there is not 
 much need for further explanation, as the foregoing figures speak for them- 
 selves more eloquently than words can. There is a vast quantity of 
 
 $10 
 
 jier acre. 
 
 10 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 lO 
 
 
 5 
 
 
28 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 splendid wheat land still unturned that can be made as productive as 
 that already under cultivation, awaiting the enterprise of the immigrant. 
 
 CORN. 
 
 Indian corn or maize is the leading agricultural staple of this country. 
 It has usurped the throne of cotton as king of American products. The 
 total corn-yield of the United ^ States for 
 
 the year 1887 was 1,456,161,000 ^^ ^ -^^P^ bushels, 
 
 having a market value of $646,- ^^SSfel^'^^^ft, _^ 106,770. 
 
 This is not the largest yield 
 ever known. It has been sur- 
 passed frequently. But owing 
 to the high prices prevailing 
 in 1887, it is the greatest mai 
 ket value ever placed on 
 this crop or any other at 
 any time in the 
 history of the 
 United States. 
 Of this amount, 
 Missouri pro- 
 duced 140,080,- 
 000 bushels, 
 and the farm- 
 ers of the State 
 pocketed |52,- 
 151,000 as their 
 share of the 
 profits of this 
 crop. In no 
 State is Indian 
 corn more at 
 
 home, and it is one of the most profitable crops to the farmer. Its yield 
 depends largely upon the soil upon which it is grown and the character 
 of the cultivation given to it. On ordinary soil, with careful cultivation, 
 it should yield from forty to fifty bushels per acre. As a matter of fact, 
 however, the average yield is much less than this for the whole State, as 
 will be seen in the following tables. Corn was a light crop throughout 
 
 r .^ ON CURRENT RIVER, 
 ^ MISSOURI. 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 29 
 
 the whole corn belt last year, and the average was small, but there is no 
 reason why the yield of corn for the State of Missouri should not be 
 doubled without increasing the area planted by a single acre. Farmers on 
 good lands, who take extra care of their corn, can obtain a return of 
 eighty bushels per acre easily. It will bring cash always, as the farmers 
 of Missouri are near to good markets, and it is the cheapest and best 
 feed with which to fatten his pork, beef and mutton, w^hich are always 
 in demand at the best prices. It is a crop easily raised, suffers little from 
 droughts, unless greatly prolonged, and cannot be injured by rains after 
 it is ripened and before it is secured. In fact, the farmer can take his own 
 time in harvesting, gathering it at any time during the winter, when 
 other work is not pressing, thus avoiding the heavy expense of harvest- 
 ing other crops. 
 
 Below is given a table of the corn crop raised in the eight leading corn 
 States for the year 1887 : 
 
 Iowa, 183,502,000 
 
 Illinois, 141,080,000 
 
 MISSOURI, 140,949,000 
 
 Nebraska, 93,150,000 
 
 Kansas. 76,547,000 
 
 Texas, 76,490,000 
 
 Tennessee, 75,204,000 
 
 Ohio, 73,797,000 
 
 As in the production of wheat, Missouri is among the leading States, 
 but in the raising of corn is nearer the head of the list, being the third, 
 and only a few thousand bushels behind Illinois, which is second in the 
 list. 
 
 The following table gives the value of the corn crop of the same States 
 for the same year, with Missouri in the third position : 
 
 Iowa, 
 Illinois, . 
 MISSOUR 
 Nebraska, 
 Kansas, . 
 Texas, . 
 Tennessee, 
 Ohio, . 
 
 $64,225,700 
 57,842,800 
 52,151,130 
 27,945,000 
 28,322,300 
 39,009,900 
 37,602,000 
 35,422,000 
 
30 
 
 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 
 
 
 Average yield per acre of same States : 
 
 
 
 Iowa, 
 
 25 bushels per acre 
 
 Illinois, 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 MISSOURI, 
 
 
 
 
 22 ' 
 
 
 
 Nebraska, . 
 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 Kansas, 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 Texas, 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 Tennessee, 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 Ohio, . 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 < 
 
 In the average yield per acre, Missouri comes into fourth place ; but not 
 because of inferiority of soil or other natural conditions. With a vastly 
 inferior soil, New York State produces thirty-three bushels per acre of 
 corn, or eleven more than Missouri. Rocky and barren little Maine, 
 with a scanty, miserly soil, gives an average of thirty-five bushels to the 
 acre. With the same cultivation and treatment Missouri ought, with her 
 superior soils, at least to double her present average per acre. Besides, 
 2,000,000 acres might be added to the area devoted to this crop without mak- 
 ing a proportionately greater amount than is planted in Iowa and Illinois 
 yearly. This additional acreage could be planted without encroaching 
 upon the area devoted to any other crop. 
 
 ■\ Wheat and corn are the principal grain productions of Missouri ; the 
 most money is made from these crops and consequently more attention 
 is given to their cultivation than to the others. Oats, rye, barley, buck- 
 wheat, etc., thrive here and reach great perfection both in the quantity 
 produced and the quality of the crop. Oats can be sown early and give 
 immense yields and they always find a ready market. The annual pro- 
 duction is about 25,000,000 bushels, not very much of which goes East, 
 but is shipped to the South and Southwest, where there is always a 
 demand for this class of grain, and Missouri is happily in a position to 
 supply it. The other cereals mentioned are not much grown owing to 
 the greater profit there is to the farmer in the staples of corn and wheat. 
 
 GRASSES AND PASTURAGE. 
 
 The next most valuable agricultural product to corn in this country is 
 hay. The annual value of the hay crop oi the country is between 
 350,000,000 and 400,000,000 dollars. It has been truly said that 
 grass lays the foundation for all successful agriculture. In a State where 
 grain growing is carried on exclusively, the soil, no matter how deep 
 and fertile, soon deteriorates and loses its fertility in a greater or less 
 
MISSOURI. 31 
 
 degree, as the course of events has clearly proven in some of the fore- 
 most agricultaral States. But where grain, grass growing and cattle rais- 
 ing are carried on simultaneously, and in a well balanced proportion, the 
 soil retains its fertility and brings a double profit to the farmer in the 
 shape of butter, cheese and fat cattle in addition to grain, and prevents 
 the exhaustion of the soil. 
 
 There are few or no grasses that are peculiar to Missouri, and it is for- 
 tunate it is so, for were it otherwise, it would argue some peculiarity in 
 the soil or climate that would perhaps, unfit them for many varieties of 
 this great and almost universally diffused family of plants. The country 
 that has a limestone soil can raise all kinds of grasses and has the basis 
 of all agricultural prosperity. Everywhere grass grows luxuriantly and 
 all known varieties thrive equally well, and nature having provided the 
 wild grasses so bountifully, the cultivated grasses have, until recently, 
 been neglected. The soil and climate make this State the natural home 
 of all the nutritious grasses and is particularly adapted to the famous 
 blue grass which is so celebrated for the production of the high grade 
 and priced stock of Kentucky. This springs up spontaneously wherever 
 the soil is left free from the plow and pasture. Many instances of this 
 kind could be cited showing how kindly this invaluable grass takes to 
 the soil, furnishing when not grazed during the summer a most invalu- 
 able winter pasturage, and productive here, as in Kentucky, of the same 
 fine horses and cattle, and bringing the same high prices in the market. 
 Other varieties of grasses are fully its equal for pasturage and have the 
 additional advantage of being cut and cured for hay. Farmers should 
 sow a variety of grasses to secure a constant and regular supply of food 
 for their stock. Orchard grass, timothy, red top, millet, Hungarian grass, 
 alfalfa and clover take kindly to the soil, and in recent years have been 
 extensively grown for pasturage and hay, and the latter for soiling and 
 enriching the soil. Men who wish to raise stock are advised by some to 
 go farther west and engage in the business on a large scale, but they 
 should remember that the best parts of the range are occupied and fenced 
 in, while at the best it is a hazardous business. One summer of extreme 
 drought, or a winter of unusual severity, may blast all their hopes. Not 
 so with Missouri. It is bounded and traversed by mighty rivers and 
 their tributaries, and it is not subject to the terrible droughts which 
 occur on the Western plains ; should a severe winter come there is always 
 plenty of hay and cheap forage in this great grain-producing State. 
 
32 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 STOCK RAISING AND DAIRYING. 
 
 ^ MONG the industries that goto make Missouri a great State, stoclv 
 J^m. raising is by no means the least. Without disparaging or underrating 
 other States, it can be truthfully said that for stock raising, Missouri pos- 
 sesses unsur- 
 passed advan- 
 tages and all 
 the conditions 
 which go to 
 make a suc- 
 cessful stock- 
 raising State. 
 Undulating 
 land is the 
 coveted home 
 forstock. They 
 will not do so 
 well on low 
 level lands. In 
 Missouri there 
 are hills as 
 rough as the 
 highlands of 
 Scotland, ex- 
 tensive valleys 
 fertile as those 
 of the Nile, and 
 prairies inter- 
 spersed with beautiful groves of timber. 
 
 Missouri reveals the spectacle of a State containing the finest grazing 
 land right in the midst of a fertile and productive farming country, and 
 surrounded by the most celebrated cattle markets in the country. 
 
 CORN HUSKING. MISSOURI 
 
MISSOURI. 33 
 
 Long experience and careful estimates of the cost of land, and the 
 amount and cost of forage necessary to raise and fatten the different 
 kinds of stock for market justify the positive assertion that horses, cattle 
 and hogs can be raised and fattened for one half of what it costs to do 
 the same in the Eastern and Middle States, while sheep can he raised 
 for one-third. There is no State so advantageously located with respect 
 to good markets and nearness to consuming centers, and having at the 
 same time such cheap and fertile lands, and where the cost of raising, 
 fattening and getting them to market is less than right here in Missouri. 
 The surface, the soil, and the climate of the State are such as to be con- 
 ducive to the health of all farm animals. Contagious diseases, so com- 
 mon in some States, do not infect the flocks and herds of Missouri. 
 
 The shipping faci ities in all directions are unsurpassed, both by water 
 and rail. The great trunk lines of railroad cross the State east, west, 
 north and south, putting all sections in direct communication with the 
 seaboard and great interior markets. 
 
 To the southwest of St. Louis there is a region well watered, well 
 timbered and shaded, clothed with nutritious grasses, where cattle can be 
 herded and driven gradually southward to winter in the cane-brakes of 
 Arkansas, and in spring to return upon the growing grass, until they are 
 in one day's journey of their market ; or where shelter can be easily and 
 cheaply supplied, and crops raised in the valleys cheaply bought for 
 feeding cattle during the winter if that should be desired ; where supplies 
 are quickly and cheaply reached ; where there is no triangular fight 
 between settlers, cattle and sheep men ; where herders would be wel- 
 comed as buyers of stock and crops, and where their early lambs and 
 calves could be cheaply and quickly marketed. 
 
 The success of dairying in Missouri has been fully tested. Natural 
 yellow butter of the very best quality is made throughout the year. A 
 prominent and intelligent butter dealer and dairyman, who has had 
 fifteen years experience in New York and twenty years in Missouri, 
 expresses the decided opinion that this, as a dairy country, surpasses that 
 of New York, Ohio or Wisconsin. He thinks the climate more favorable, 
 the grasses better and the easy butter making period much longer, while 
 the support of stock costs much less. North Missouri is washed by 
 inn jmerable rivulets, creeks and small rivers, with rapid currents. ^ The 
 timber and prairie lands are in about equal quantities. This whole 
 country is undulating and a soil of extra fertility. The streams never go 
 
34 MISSOURI. 
 
 dry. The winters are short and snow rarely covers the ground for one 
 continuous week and the climate is healthful for man and beast and 
 unusually favorable for the increase of the latter, and has all conditions 
 necessary to the greatest results in the dairying interest. Milk, butter 
 and cheese, can as a consequence be produced cheaper and with less labor 
 in Missouri than perhaps anywhere else. What has been said of North 
 Missouri, is applicable to the greater part of that portion of the State lying 
 south of the Missouri river. Much of this section of the State is quite 
 broken and the extensive Ozark formation may be called mountainous. 
 It is generally more thinly settled and much of it is the finest pastoral 
 region on the globe. The streams are more numerous than in northern 
 jNIissouri, and the water in this mountainous region, cooler and more 
 unfailing, and the remarkable springs of Pulaski, Newton, Franklin and 
 other counties, furnish a wonderful supply of cold water of uniform 
 temperature throughout the year. Cattle uniformly graze until Christ- 
 mas, and the crop of nutritious milk producing grass that springs under- 
 neath and is protected by the blue grass, if permitted to grow in the fall, 
 affords excellent winter pasturage. 
 
 This country, while possessing all the natural advantages of New York, 
 as a successful dairy region, is quite as well situated as to markets for 
 these products as the Empire State, as the great metropolis of the Missis- 
 sippi valley, St. Louis, is on the east and Kansas City, St. Joseph and num- 
 erous smaller cities in the interior are on the west, and it is well connected 
 by through railway lines with the great Southwest and Eocky Mountain 
 region, where very little dairying is carried on. The market for this class 
 of products will be constantly enlarging, which will create an increasing 
 demand, which will only be limited by the resources of the State in this 
 direction. The shipping facilities are unsurpassed and all parts of the 
 State are in direct and rapid communication with the great population 
 centers and the region of the Southwest and West. 
 
MISSOURI. 35 
 
 WOOL GROWING. 
 
 M S a State for successful wool growing, Missouri needs no long array of 
 J^^ fine spun arguments drawn from the fertile imagination of theorists. 
 The business has unobtrusively interwoven itself into the growth and 
 progress of the State to such an extent that its general history could not 
 be perfectly written without recording the growth and progress of wool 
 growing and wool manufacturing within her borders. 
 
 A large majority of Missouri farms are of rolling and undulating sur- 
 face ; the soil being rich and productive, both in grains and grasses, 
 making them peculiarly adapted to the business ; and no agricultural 
 pursuit, as such, or which may include with it the keeping of any or all 
 other kinds of stock, has been so profitable within the last ten years as 
 has sheep farming properly managed and persistently adhered to. 
 
 On the ranch system, chiefly in the counties of southern Missouri, 
 sheep raising has proved very remunerative, and there has been a 
 greater or more certain increase, from the fact that the storms are less 
 frequent and less destructive than in most other pastoral regions. The 
 protection afforded by the mountains or high ridges and hills, on which 
 are generally more or less timber, goes far to give stability and to assure 
 profits to the business. 
 
 Their security is not only assured in this way, but also by artificial 
 shelter and protection which may be secured cheaply by lumber from her 
 own timber, abundant in the regions of the State that are so well adapted 
 to a sheep pastoral pursuit. Grain and hay may be provided in all parts 
 of the State for an extended or extraordinary winter. 
 
 The sheep do not have to travel miles for their daily supply of water, 
 but springs and streams of pure running water are numerous and 
 abundant. 
 
 Another prominent and advantageous feature is the amount of grass 
 which is growing among the timber, in the valleys, on the slopes and on 
 the high hills or mountainous regions of southern Missouri. The grasses 
 are not so tall and coarse as to be unhealthy for sheep, but they are the 
 finer grasses, growing upon lands that are naturally well drained. The 
 
36 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
MISSOURI. 37 
 
 climate is mild in winter, especially in the south half of the State. 
 Snows are not frequent, nor do they lie upon the ground long enough to 
 prevent sheep from having a living on the blue grass pastures, which 
 exist, or may easily be secured, in all sections of this State. 
 
 Blue grass is indigenous in Missouri. When the timber is removed it 
 springs up spontaneously on the land, and when the prairie is reclaimed 
 it soon takes possession and supersedes all other grasses. This famous 
 grass is the foundation on which the mighty stock industry of Kentucky 
 has been built, and has given a world-renowned reputation to its fine 
 blood horses, cattle and sheep. 
 
 There are tens of thousands of acres of land as well set in blue grass as 
 those on which these careful experiments have been made and capable 
 of being handled in the same way by sheepmen, which can be bought 
 now at from ten to twenty -five dollars per acre, and hundreds of thous- 
 ands of acres upon which blue grass is fast taking hold, and which will 
 eventually be as good, if pastured by sheep, that can be bought for less 
 than five dollars per acre. Facts concerning the value and capabilities 
 of blue grass lands, warrant the assertion that ten thousand acres of 
 these cheap lands, managed as a pastoral sheep ranch, and when fully 
 set in blue grass, will keep more sheep and produce more wool than any 
 ten thousand acre sheep ranch in the world. 
 
 The rich and finely cultivated higher priced lands in all parts of the 
 State are well adapted to the thoroughbred flocks of all varieties for the 
 purpose of breeding. Nowhere will the animals of a given breed attain 
 larger size or more fully develop the animal or mutton qualities than in 
 this State. Her thoroughbred sheep will rank with any in the United 
 States, or in the world, and her corn and fine blue grass will produce 
 the best heavy mutton and lustre combing wool. 
 
 But the great open domain of Missouri— the counties South of the 
 Missouri River — is that which will interest wool growers who handle 
 sheep on the pastoral plan. 
 
 Here large tracts of land may be acquired for not over five dollars per 
 acre, admirably adapted to this industry, on which whole communities 
 of wool growers may settle with their families, and enjoy the benefits 
 of advanced civilization, without exposure to hardships, privations and 
 dangers of border life. 
 
38 MISSOURI. 
 
 MINES AND MINERALS. 
 
 ^pH AT country or State where manufactures and agriculture are carried 
 M^ on simultaneously and in about equal proportions, will be the most 
 prosperous and have the most equitable distribution of wealth. In a State 
 that is exclusively one or the other, the wealth will be found in the 
 possession of certain classes and the inhabitants may be divided into 
 rich and poor. The working of mines and the consequent manufactures 
 brings to a State a large number of inhabitants, who are consumers of 
 agricultural products, and a State that is adapted to agricultural purposes 
 as well as manufactures and mining, will always obtain right in its home 
 markets, the highest prices for farm, garden and dairy products. 
 
 We have shown in previous chapters that Missouri was adapted by 
 nature to the most successful cultivation of all farm products, and we 
 have also shown its exceptional advantages as a dairying State. We will 
 now consider its mining and mineral resources and in the evenly 
 balanced condition of these industries, the most casual observer cannot 
 fail to see foreshadowed the future greatness, from a commercial stand- 
 point, of the State of Missouri, 
 
 Missouri has an abundant deposit of all the minerals used in the 
 leading manufactures and is well adapted by the presence of extensive 
 and inexhaustible coal fields, for the converting of the raw material, dug 
 from the ground, into the shapes and forms for commercial use. 
 
 COAL. 
 
 The Missouri coal fields underlie an area of about 26,000 square miles. 
 The southern outcrop of the coal measures has been traced from the 
 mouth of the Des Moines through the counties of Clark, Lewis, Shelby, 
 Monroe, Audrain, Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Henry, St. Clair, Bates, Vernon 
 and Barton, into the Indian territory, and every county northwest of this 
 line is known to contain more or less coal. Outside of the coal fields 
 given above, coal rocks exist in Ralls, Montgomery", Warren, St. Charles, 
 Callaway and St. Louis counties, and local or outlying deposits of bitu- 
 
MISSOURI. 39 
 
 minous and cannel coal are found in Moniteau, Cole, Morgan, Craw- 
 ford, Lincoln and Callaway counties. Estimates have been 
 made as to the amount of coal in these deposits; but it is quite 
 unnecessary to give them in this connection, as the reader can readily 
 see that the supply is more than ample for the use of many generations 
 to come. 
 
 The coal mines of Missouri are usually easily worked and require no 
 deep shafts or expensive machinery for hoisting or drainage. They 
 underlie the greater portion of the finest agricultural sections, not only 
 of the State, but of as productive a region as is on the continent. Coal of 
 good quality can be purchased at the mines so cheaply, that even when 
 farmers have timber in abundance near at hand, they prefer to burn coal 
 rather than cut and haul wood a short distance. The coal area covers 
 considerably more than one-half of the State, and active and systematic 
 mining has opened the beds in more than a thousand places along the 
 railroads and near the towns. There need never be any fear of a scarcity 
 of fuel in Missouri, and the condition of the farmer here may, in this 
 respect, be considered blessed far above that of those located in many 
 portions of the Northwest and farther west, where buffalo chips, corn- 
 stalks and twisted hay are all they can afford to temper the cold of more 
 rigorous winters than we ever experience here. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 The fame of the iron deposits of Missouri is too well established to 
 require more than a comment upon the bearing this most important 
 metal is destined to have in influencing the future prosperity of the 
 State. A distinguished mining engineer, after giving a detailed account 
 of the mines which have been examined, sums up by saying : "They have 
 enough ore in Missouri to run one hundred furnaces for one thousand 
 "years. More could not be desired, without the appearance of too much 
 solicitude for posterity, who would be too far removed to appreciate our 
 good wishes." Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob, Shepherd Mountain, Sim- 
 mons' Mountain, and thousands of other deposits of lesser distinction, 
 will glut the forges for all time to come of a district yet destined to_ be 
 one of the grandest workshops of the world. Concentrated in a limited 
 area, surrounded on all sides by the grandest agricultural district of the 
 globe, with unlimited supplies of coal, with timber and water power 
 
40 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 unsurpassed upon the continent, with a genial climate and healthy homes 
 for the operatives, and their food cheaply produced almost at their doors, 
 with the world for a market, and transportation fticilities for reaching its 
 most distant point, it is not difficult to see a most prosperous future for a 
 section so happily situated and so richly endowed. 
 
 The manufacture of iron, and the industries growing out of it, are now 
 in the State second only in importance to that of agriculture ; and yet 
 these industries are only in their infancy. Hundreds of thousands of 
 tons of ore are shipped out of the State annually, mostly to Pittsburg, 
 Pennsylvania, to be converted into steel and metallic iron, and much of 
 it returned into and across the State in rails and bars and manufactured 
 
 articles, simply be- 
 cause our mills and 
 manufacturers are 
 unable to supply 
 the demand. 
 
 Opportunities for 
 the profitable in- 
 vestment of capital 
 exist in hundreds 
 of industries, rang- 
 ing from the con- 
 version of the ore 
 into iron and steel 
 to the manufacture 
 of these materials 
 into theirmostvalu- 
 able forms. St. Louis, now the third manufacturing city in the Union, and 
 other well located cities and towns throughout the State, are only just 
 beginning to develop the possibilities of their importance as manufactur- 
 ing centers, and, as they increase, the value of the agricultural lands will 
 be wonderfully enhanced. 
 
 LEAD. 
 Next to iron the most important metal of Missouri is lead. Lead min- 
 ing has been carried on here for more than one hundred years, and the 
 first discoveries of lead were made as early as 1720. Up to the present 
 time new discoveries have been frequent, and it is now conceded that 
 
 FARM SCENE MISSOURI 
 MISSOURI PACIFIC R Y 
 
MISSOURI. 41 
 
 there is probably no country on the globe so rich in lead deposits as Mis- 
 souri. The mineral occurs in lodes, veins and disseminations, which are 
 yet only partially determined ; but enough knowledge of the extent, depth 
 and thickness of deposits has been acquired to show that their range and 
 richness exceed any other known lead-bearing region in the world. 
 
 There are several lead districts in the State, all south of the Missouri 
 river, where the magnesian limestone rock — the great lead-bearing rock 
 of the world — exists. The lead is not, however, strictly confined to this 
 rock, but is also found in a disseminated form in ferruginous clays, slates 
 and in gravel beds, or in cherty masses in the clays associated with the 
 same. 
 
 The southeastern lead district embraces all or parts of Jefferson, Wash- 
 ington, Franklin, Crawford, Iron, St. Francois, St. Genevieve, Madison, 
 Wayne, Reynolds and Carter counties, with some mines in the western 
 portion of Cape Girardeau county. Mining has been longest carried on 
 in this district, and the aggregate of the production has been very great. 
 But, with the exception of a few mines, the work has been chiefly surface 
 mining, often carried on by farmers during the winter season, and the 
 great deposits which require capital to develop may be said to have, as 
 yet, been scarcely touched. This surface mining has often been so very 
 profitable that mining lands acquired a great speculative value — too great 
 for their purchase for agriculture — and this has rather retarded the devel- 
 opment of this region than otherwise. With the low price of lead which 
 has prevailed for the past three or four years, the lands have again fallen, 
 and the farmer can now buy them below their agricultural value, and, as 
 has often been done, sometimes buy with them a fortune in an undiscov- 
 ered mine. 
 
 The central lead district comprises, as far as known, the counties of 
 Cole, Cooper, Moniteau, Morgan, Miller, Benton, Maries, Camden and 
 Osage. Much of the mining done here, again, has been near the surface, 
 the lead first being found in clays, in caves and in masses in clay but a 
 few inches below the surface. Shafts, however, sunk in the magnesian 
 limestone, find rich deposits in lodes and pockets. 
 
 The southern lead district comprises the counties of Pulaski, Laclede, 
 Texas, Wright, Webster, Douglass, Ozark and Christian. It has been but 
 little developed, but it is generally thought that it will prove a profitable 
 field for miners when railways make it more easily accessible. 
 
42 MISSOURI. 
 
 The western lead district embraces Hickory, Dallas, Polk, St. Clair, 
 Cedar and Dade counties. Some rich deposits have been found in this 
 district, especially in Hickory county. 
 
 The southwestern lead district comprises Jasper, Newton, Lawrence, 
 Stone, Barry and McDonald. Here very extensive mining has been 
 done, more especially in the two counties first named, which have, for 
 the last few years, produced more than one-half of the pig lead mined in 
 the State. The famous mines in the Granby and Joplin districts have, in 
 a few years, made those counties increase immensely in population. 
 Many lead furnaces are in active operation, and the industry is an impor- 
 tant source of wealth. These mines are surrounded by a rich agricultural 
 region, and the one industry has materially assisted in the development 
 of the other. 
 
 For several years past more than one-half the lead production of the 
 United States has been from Missouri mines. Besides the numerous 
 smelting works supported by them, the manufacture of white lead, lead 
 pipe, sheet lead, etc., contributes materially to the industries and com- 
 merce of the State. 
 
 The amount of mining in southwestern Missouri amazes one who has 
 not been familiar with the developments. For miles a line of stacks 
 meets his view, and he i& surrounded by the most valuable mines in the 
 country. On the site where lead ore was first discovered, 15 years ago, 
 a 40-acre tract brings to its owner a royalty of $50,000 a year. For a single 
 acre lot, $60,000 has been refused, and the parties, by holding, have 
 cleared $300,000, and are still working at a profit. The only thing neces- 
 sary for persons to accrue an immense fortune in this district is to buy 
 large tracts and hold them for development. This region has been well 
 named the poor man's country and the rich man's paradise. Many poor 
 men have reached the mines without money to buy a pick or shovel, 
 windlass or bucket, who have afterwards become very wealthy. The 
 smelters buy the ore at the mines and haul it away. Each week the 
 royalty to the land owner is deposited to his credit in bank, thus requiring 
 no personal supervision or presence. 
 
 ZINC. 
 
 It is not very widely known that Missouri produces nearly three- 
 fourths of the zinc consumed in the United States annually, and still less 
 is known even within the borders of the State itself of the mines which 
 
MISSOURI. 43 
 
 produce this great output. Passing over and through the Ozark moun- 
 tain range, to the southwest of St. Louis, and far out on their western 
 slope, and on the Lexington & Southern division of the Missouri Pacific 
 railway, will be found the flourishing little cities of Carthage, Joplin and 
 Webb City, These are the commercial centers of the zinc and lead min- 
 ing districts of southwest Missouri, and it is in their immediate vicinity 
 that the greater part of the former metal is mined. The two counties of 
 Newton and Jasper embrace the greater part of the region from which 
 this very valuable mineral is dug. 
 
 The zinc mines of Missouri are only a recent discovery. Fifteen years 
 ago the present site of the principal mines of Webb City was offered for 
 $15 per acre, but the wife refused to sign the deed. Now the royalty on 
 forty acres of this tract amounts to 150,000 per year at the rate of seven 
 and one-half per cent. On this same mineral belt there are single acre 
 lots of 200 feet square that have produced in royalties, with no expense 
 to the owners of the land, over $100,000. A single mine nine years ago 
 sold for $325. Three years ago it sold for $14,000, and the present owners 
 have just refused $900 per acre for the 40 acres. 
 
 A strange feature of the mineral is that lead ore is found above the 
 zinc ore, and wherever lead ore is found, zinc ore is found beneath it, 
 leading to the conclusion that lead ore is the result of some chemical 
 action produced by the zinc ore. 
 
 At Galena, about ten miles from Webb City, the entire tract was traded 
 for a pony not many years ago. Eight acres of this have paid the own- 
 ers a royalty of over $200,000, and an eighty acre tract adjoining has 
 made the owners immensely wealthy, having paid them over half a mil- 
 lion royalty. This is not the corporation and capitalist's mining country 
 exclusively. The region has been well named the " Poor man's country 
 and the Rich man's Paradise." Without exception every dooryard is 
 a dump pile, a shaft in the center, with rope and windlass. Shafts are 
 worked at a profit on lots 25x100 feet. Two hundred feet square is con- 
 sidered a miner's lot. Without expense to the owner of the land, miners 
 will sink a shaft and operate, paying the owner one-fifth royalty. 
 
 A person not visiting the country can have no conception of the 
 opportunities for profitable investment. There is an entire absence of 
 speculation. People in the East, who have been content with invest- 
 ments paying six, seven and eight per cent, can scarcely credit the state- 
 
44 
 
 MISSOUKI. 
 
 ments relative to the wonderful opportunities for sure, safe and very 
 profitable investments in the lead and zinc district of Missouri. 
 
 The mining interests are just in their infancy, although the product 
 already exceeds $2,000,000 annually. The people are just awakening to 
 the value of their property. At the same time mineral land can still be 
 secured at reasonable prices from those who cannot appreciate at this 
 time their prospective value, and who are satisfied with what they con- 
 sider a large profit on land— which to-day sells at from $35 to $100 per acre— 
 
 A COUNTRY FORD. OZARK MOUNTAINS. 
 
 which entry secured a few years ago at comparatively insignificant prices 
 from the government. Much of the land when located was purchased 
 from the government at a shilling an acre, and $50 represents an enor- 
 mous advance, while the same land as soon as developed often changes 
 hands at $10,000 to $50,000 an acre. The sulphurate of zinc, known 
 among miners as black jack, is often found in such quantities as to retard 
 the progress of lead mining, and from the expense of getting the ores to 
 
Missoum. ' 4S 
 
 the smelting works, it has been thrown out in dumps, and much of it 
 left as worthless matter. This was formerly the case. But by the com- 
 pletion of railroads, giving better transportation facilities, this ore has 
 become valuable merchandise. The increase of railroad facilities, and 
 the fact that sixteen new smelters will be erected this year, speaks vol- 
 umes for the permanency of the mining interests of this region and their 
 greater development in the near future. 
 
 COPPER, GRANITE AND OTHER MINERALS. 
 
 The mountains and hills of Missouri are filled with nearly every variety 
 of minerals, and among them are found numerous outcroppings of cop- 
 per, mainly in Dent, Crawford, Benton, Maries, Greene, Lawrence, 
 Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps, Eeynolds, Wright and Washington coun- 
 ties. Some of these outcroppings have been worked with varying success 
 from time to time, but owing to lack of capital, well directed effort and 
 facilities for shipping, the copper industry of Missouri is very little 
 developed. There is no doubt that copper exists in paying quantities in 
 many localities in the State and will in the near future bring good returns 
 to investors. At present the only mines of copper that are successfully 
 worked are located in southeast Missouri, in Washington and St. Gene- 
 vieve counties. Some of the mines in Shannon county are now profit- 
 ably worked and mines in Franklin county have yielded good results. 
 
 The sandstones, granites, limestones and marbles of the State supply 
 an abundance of fine and durable stone for all building and architectural 
 uses. Sandstones are found in many beautiful shades of brown, red and 
 buff, which are easily worked when taken from the quarries and harden 
 upon exposure. The granites of Missouri are equal to any in the world for 
 building and paving purposes. They are solid and beautiful. The red 
 granite makes as beautiful and ornamental building and monumental 
 stones as the celebrated Scotch granite. The finest and most substantial 
 structures of St. Louis and Kansas City are built of granite and sand- 
 stones taken from the mines of the State. 
 
 )Fire Clays underlie a large portion of the State and the manufacture of 
 fire-bricks, gas retorts and other articles requiring the most refractory 
 clays, has long been successfully carried on in St. Louis county. These 
 clays occur here in the lower coal series and exist in great quantities. 
 There are many beds of these clays found in the counties north of the 
 
46 MISSOURI. 
 
 Missouri river, and their quality is almost beyond computation. The 
 most of them possess very fine refractory properties. Fire rock has also 
 been found in abundance, some of the silicious bedg of the coal meas- 
 ures being very refractory. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing large quantities of glass is manufactured 
 from the deposits of kaolin in the eastern part of the State, and potters' 
 clays, limestones, marble, tin, nickel, manganese, cobalt and paints are 
 found in paying quantities. 
 
 Missouri's greatest wealth lies beneath her soil and locked up in her 
 hills and mountains. In manufacturing, Missouri should rival Pennsyl- 
 vania, and should be a wealthier and greater State because of its greater 
 agricultural resources. 
 
 AS TO FRUIT. 
 
 S a fruit State Missouri stands without a parallel. California is justly 
 JT^ celebrated in this respect, but the value of the fruit crop of Missouri 
 annually exceeds that of California. It is not given to the production of 
 one kind of fruit, but all varieties flourish equally well. The apple is as 
 much at home here as in New York State, and the peach is not surpassed 
 even by Delaware's celebrated product. Her vineyards and their pro- 
 ducts in quantity and quality can compete with the world. 
 
 The latitude of Missouri, between the 36th and 40th parallels is better 
 adapted for successful fruit growing than is the country either north or 
 south of it. Here peaches flourish as they do in few of the Northern 
 States, while many tender fruits, such as apricots, nectarines, figs and 
 many of the choicer varieties of grapes can be grown with ordinary care, 
 and the fruits of the North, apples, pears, plums and cherries, grow here 
 equally well with very much less trouble and care, all the labor of pro- 
 tecting the trees from the biting frost of a long cold winter being quite 
 unnecessary, as the winters are so much shorter and less severe than the 
 New England season of frost and snow. 
 
 Fruit culture in Missouri is still in its infancy ; yet great progress has 
 been already made. None of the catalogue of fruits adapted to this lati- 
 
MISSOURI. 47 
 
 tude fail of success in this State. Every owner of a lot of ground in 
 almost every portion of the State can, with a small outlay of money and 
 labor, raise all the fruit required for family consumption, from the straw- 
 berry and early cherry to the late keeping apple, and thousands of acres 
 could, with a reasonable amount of labor properly bestowed, be converted 
 into fine fruit gardens and orchards. The adaptation and capacity of 
 Missouri to produce fruit for market and for transportation are unsur- 
 passed. There is no question of the profit of raising apples for market, 
 if a proper location is selected, good varieties planted, and reasonable 
 care bestowed on the trees and on the fruit after it is gathered. 
 
 Where other fruits grow so finely, apples, of all fruits the most inter- 
 esting to settlers, cannot fail to succeed. The apples of Missouri are of 
 remarkably fine color and size and many varieties flourish here so much 
 better than in the East, that Eastern fruit growers often fail to recognize 
 varieties with which they have had life long acquaintance, when Missouri 
 calls their attention to improved and enlarged editions of the old time 
 sorts. To locate the most favorable district for apple culture would be 
 impossible. Those who have visited nearly every part of the State and 
 made extensive observations among our fruit growers say they have yet 
 to learn of a single orchard, with even the let-alone cultivation so com- 
 mon in the West, which has not been a source of profit to the owner. 
 
 Pears do well throughout the State, especially in the region of Clay, 
 Jackson and Cass counties. The tree attains a great size and age — a 
 diameter of from twelve to fifteen inches is common — and the fruit is 
 borne in great profusion and is very luscious. 
 
 The Southeastern portion of the State, along the line of the St. Louis, 
 Iron Mountain & Southern railway, and in the western and southern 
 portion where the marly deposits are so rich and extensive, are pre- 
 eminently the peach districts, and in these regions the peach seems almost 
 indigenous, never failing to produce most abundant crops ; and yet fruit 
 growers of these districts say they are unable to supply the demand 
 from Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, and from the great fruit market of St. 
 Louis. Peaches may be relied upon as a profitable and sure crop in all 
 that part of the State south of the Missouri river, and they are also suc- 
 cessfully grown in the northern division of the State. 
 
 ^But it is as a grape growing State that Missouri ranks above all others. 
 Other States may compete with her in other fruits, but in grape culture 
 she la the acknowledged leader, and Missouri grape growers have done 
 
48 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 more to advance this branch of horticulture in the United States than 
 those of all other States combined. Missouri is the native habitat of the 
 grape. Wild vines grow to great dimensions, sometimes reaching ten 
 and twelve inches in diameter. Some of these have been cultivated with 
 
 great success with the result of adding several valuable varieties to the 
 list of standard grapes. These have an excellent adaptation to wine 
 making. Missouri has originated more new varieties than any other 
 
MISSOURI. 49 
 
 State and that her wines are of superior quality is attested by the fact 
 that since its advent as a wine-making State, Missouri wines have 
 received the highest awards at every world's fair. 
 
 The native varieties of grapes while producing the best quality of 
 clarets, Burgundies and sherries, are free from the grape blight, known as 
 phylloxera, which has been so disastrous to the wine interests of France 
 and lately has invaded California. There is consequently a great 
 demand for cuUings from Missouri vines, which has been a source of 
 revenue to the vinters of the State. The material is in Missouri to-day 
 to compete with France and Burgundy in their choicest red wines and 
 with the Rhine and Moselle in their best hocks. 
 
 While therefore the prospects of Missouri grape growers rest upon a 
 surer basis than ever before, while the American grape grower feels as- 
 sured of a grand success, the prospects of France, Germany, and in short 
 all the grape-growing districts of Europe, are darkening. The shortage 
 in the annual vintage increases with each year while the demand is 
 steadily on the increase. The demand must be met. The wine growers 
 of Europe must leave their devastated and uncertain vineyards. Let 
 them bring their skill and industry here and supply the demand that the 
 failing vineyards are sure to create. There are millions and millions of 
 acres of land in this State that can produce the wines. Men who are 
 willing to work and wait a few years for the results of their labor are 
 wanted ; men who have sense, skill and industry enough to profit by 
 the experience of those who have worked before them, who can adapt 
 themselves to the different requirements of this climate. 
 
 While possessing the natural advantages of soil and climate, there is 
 still another advantage in fruit growing which Missouri possesses and 
 that is a market near to home for all she can raise. It is located farthest 
 to the westward of all the fruit States east of the Rocky Mountains. The 
 States west with their hot dry climate, in which it is impossible to grow 
 perfect fruit, stand ready to absorb the supply before it can reach the 
 mining regions of the Rocky Mountains, where the demand for fruit is so 
 great that it would consume the whole production were the State planted 
 in one vast orchard and still ask for more. 
 
 There are few parts of this great State from which fruit cannot find 
 direct and convenient transportation to a market which is never over- 
 stocked. All roads lead to St. Louis which is the greatesl fruit market of 
 the West. Then in later years there have sprung up on the west, the 
 
50 MISSOURI. 
 
 great consuming centers of Kansas City and St. Joseph, which annually 
 require a great and ever increasing supply. Besides these mammoth 
 market places, the fruit growers of Missouri can ship their surplus to 
 Iowa, Minnesota and Dakota where there is growing up an enormous 
 demand for it. A great population is growing up in the western fruitless 
 region which must be supplied and Missouri will always have the advan- 
 tage of location in meeting the demand from this source. From the 
 western portion of the State there are direct lines of transportation to the 
 mines in the West, and the southern and southeastern sections have their 
 capacity taxed to the utmost, to supply the needs of Texas and the 
 rapidly growing Southwest which part of the country is reached by the 
 Iron Mountain route. 
 
 All these can be safely sent hundreds of miles to market and the great 
 network of railroads radiating from St. Louis, and permeating the country 
 in every direction, enables the fruit growers of Missouri to sell their 
 products to the inhabitants of all that vast money-making, non-fruit- 
 growing, but fruit-consuming country extending westward to the Rocky 
 Mountains, and from British America to Mexico, and to find a profitable 
 market in the States north, northwest and northeast of them. 
 
 Perhaps no better proof can be given of the grand excellence of Mis- 
 souri fruits than the fact that at several late meetings of the American 
 Pomological Society, medals were awarded to Missouri for the 
 best display of apples, pears and wines, and also for the best general dis- 
 play of fruits, gaining these honors when in competition with every State 
 in the Union, represented by their choicest fruits. One of these meetings 
 was held at Rochester, N. Y., which has long been regarded as the very 
 center of the fruit growing interests of the country. At the St. Louis 
 Exposition in the fall of 1888, the Southwest Missouri Immigration Soci- 
 ety had an exhibit of apples that surpassed anything ever gotten together 
 for a local display. 
 
MISSOURI. 61 
 
 CONCERNING LANDS. 
 
 p ISSOUEI may be classed among the older States, having been made 
 one of the Union in 1821. It may, therefore, be taken for granted 
 that there is not a large quantity of public lands, either State or govern- 
 ment, still remaining open for homesteads. The railroads were induced to 
 construct lines through the State in its earlier years, by the donation of 
 large tracts of land. These, also, as in the case of government lands, are 
 nearly exhausted. There is some still remaining, and a small portion of 
 government land in southeast Missouri, which will be taken up and 
 treated under headings of their own. 
 
 The great inducements for coming to Missouri lie, not in the free gov- 
 ernment lands and cheap railroad lands, but in the low price of well 
 improved and excellent farming lands, near to through lines of railroad 
 and in close proximity to lirst-class markets. Missouri, during the whole 
 period of its existence as a State, has done very little to induce immigra- 
 tion by setting off the advantages of the State agriculturally, or in let- 
 ting the world know what it had to offer in the way of making money 
 and homes, to those who had money to invest and industry and enter- 
 prise to acquire a competence. The State has grown slowly, because the 
 process of finding out its worth has been slow. People, by gradually 
 finding out in a slow way, by handing from one to another, what Mis- 
 souri is, have come in, acquired wealth, and pushed the State, with their 
 unaided efforts and scarcely without the knowledge of the outside world, 
 into the third rank in agricultural resources and wealth. Very few real- 
 ize, outside of the State, that Missouri stands third in the value of agri- 
 cultural products. Yet such is the case, and it is all the more astonishing 
 when it is taken into consideration how much of her resources are still 
 undeveloped, and many, as yet, untouched. It is a matter of wonder, 
 too, that so prominent and successful an agricultural State should reach 
 its proud position and her general farming lands, from which her 
 wealth is derived, remain so cheap. It is a fact well known that much of 
 the improved land of Missouri can be obtained at figures at least as low, 
 if not lower, than land several hundred miles farther west, on the 
 
52 
 
 Missoum. 
 
 extreme frontiers of civilization, where there are none of the advantages 
 of schools, churches, railroads, cities and towns, and well organized and 
 excellent society. The Missoiiri lands are cheap, and have improvements 
 which will only come to the frontiersman by years of labor under the 
 greatest drawbacks. There, there is no building material or timber. 
 Missouri is overflowing with it. Fuel must be brought from a long dis- 
 tance, and can be had only at high prices. In Missouri the cost of fuel is 
 almost nothing. In Missouri there is fruit in plenty and all the luxuries 
 of a comfortable home life on the farm. 
 We have said that it was in the cheapness of general farming lands of 
 
 S;iiJ^ 
 
 PILOT KNOB VILLAGE AND MOUNTAIN. IRON MOUNTAIN ROUTE. 
 
 the State that the inducements to immigration mostly lie. The general 
 price of land, except near to the larger cities, is low. No State, so well 
 surrounded by good markets and so near the great centers of commerce, 
 and with sucL complete systems of traffic thoroughfares, and with such 
 great manufacturing centers within its borders, shows such a discrepancy 
 between its land values and great natural and commercial advantages. 
 
 Of course there is a great range in land values here as elsewhere. Much 
 of the land is broken and rocky, and fit only for pasturage, and there can 
 
MISSOURI. 63 
 
 be no better for this purpose. The famous dairy regions of New York 
 are not better adapted by nature for dairying than are the hill and valley 
 lands of central southern Missouri. This can be made the dairy region 
 of the West. The price of these lands at present is a mere bagatelle, and 
 the best of pasture lands, with abundance of water and shelter, can be 
 purchased for from $3.00 to $7.00 per acre. 
 
 The lands adapted to general crop raising range considerably higher 
 than the preceding, but are still fabulously low, considering their quality 
 and productiveness. If you are about to move West you are warned to 
 beware of excursions into the wilderness. You will pass through some 
 of the most fertile agricultural regions in the country, where failure of 
 crops is almost unknown, where markets are convenient and agriculture 
 profitable. You will pay nearly as much per acre for semi-improved land 
 on the frontiers of civilization as for land in Missouri which is all under 
 cultivation and provided with house and stables that would require nearly 
 as great an outlay as the original cost of the farm, owing to the scarcity of 
 timber and high price of building materials. Good farming lands in 
 Missouri may be purchased as low as $18 per acre that will produce all 
 the grains and fruits of the United States. And the prices range from 
 this amount up to $50 per acre for land in the choicest localities. The 
 very best of farming land near to markets and railroads can be purchased 
 for $20, $25 and $30 per acre, on which can be raised as much grain, hay 
 and other produce as on th3 $100 acre farms of Ohio, New York and 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 EXEMPTION AND TAXATION LAWS. 
 
 It will be of interest to the home-seeker who contemplates taking up 
 his abode in Missouri to be acquainted with the safeguards which the 
 laws of the State throw around the workingman to protect him from the 
 encroachments of money lenders. 
 
 The laws of Missouri reserve from execution, in the hands of every 
 head of a family living in the country, a homestead, consisting of one 
 hundred and sixty (160) acres of land, not exceeding $1,500 in value ; to 
 every head of a family, in cities of over 40,000 inhabitants, a homestead, 
 consisting of not more than thirty square rods of ground, and of the value 
 of not more than $1,500. Thus, it is seen, that a farmer's homestead in 
 Missouri consists of one hundred and sixty acres of land and the improve- 
 
^ HISSOTJBL 
 
 ments thereon, not exceeding in value $1,500; the homesteada of the «•• 
 idents of the smaller towns are of the same value ; while that allowed to 
 the inhahitanta of St. Louis, St. Joseph and Kansas City, where land ia 
 more valuahle and the cost of living greater, is fixed at |3,000. 
 
 The Constitution places it heyond the power of reckless or dishonest 
 puhlic agents to burden the people with excessive taxation. Taxes for 
 State purposes, exclusive of the taxes necessary to pay the bonded debt 
 
 REMINISCENCE. 
 
 of the State, cannot exceed twenty cents on the hundred dollars valua- 
 tion ; and whenever the taxable property of the State shall amount to 
 $900,000,000, the rate shall not exceed fifteen cents. The rate of taxation 
 for county, city, town and school purposes is likewise strictly limited. 
 Counties, cities, towns, townships and school districts cannot become 
 indebted beyond the revenue provided for each year, without a two- 
 thirds vote of all voters therein, nor, in any event, to an amount exceed- 
 ing five per cent on the value of taxable property. 
 
MISSOURI. 65 
 
 THE TIMBER OF MISSOURI, 
 
 fflril'^^SOUKJ. is not so densely and thoroughly timbered as some 
 #^m other States, and yet its resources in this respect are by no 
 means inconsiderable. In truth, Missouri makes a very creditable 
 showing in the amount and variety of her standing timber, as 
 behooves a great State singularly blessed in respect of natural 
 advantages. Possibly one-fourth of the total area north of the 
 Missouri river is forest land, and one-half of that south of the 
 same stream. The general line of demarkation between the prairie 
 and timbered sections cannot be described to a nicety, because even the 
 extreme western parts of the State are dotted, and its streams fringed, 
 with forests of greater or less magnitude ; but, for all practical purposes, 
 that part of the State lying east of a line draw^n from Hannibal to Jeffer- 
 son City, and thence south to the Arkansas border in Stone county, may 
 be regarded as the more heavily timbered section. Over this large area 
 are to be found an almost infinite variety of hardwoods, besides yellow 
 pine in the direction of Arkansas, and many of the woods that are tech- 
 nically ''soft." For instance, there are three sorts of locust, three of wal- 
 nut, four of maple, four of gum, six of hickory and eighteen of oak. 
 
 The distribution of the different species of wood is admirable, on the 
 whole, for mill work. There are regions of many miles in area over 
 which only one or two, and certainly not more than three or four, varie- 
 ties occur. In the counties of Mississippi, Stoddard, Scott, Pemiscot, 
 Dunklin, New Madrid and Butler, in southeastern Missouri, the prevail- 
 ing timber is white oak, gum, poplar, cypress and one or two varieties of 
 ash. The oak of this region is among the best found in the State, and 
 the gums are beginning to be used to a large extent now as a substitute 
 for black walnut for many uses. The pine timber lands extend through 
 Jefferson and Washington counties in a southeasterly, southerly and 
 southwesterly direction, embracing Madison, Wayne and the northern 
 part of Butler on the east, touching the Arkansas line in Ripley county. 
 To the westward they pass through Reynolds, Carter, Shannon, Oregon, 
 
56 MISSOURI. 
 
 Howard, Texas, Douglas, Ozark and Taney counties. The hillsides and 
 valleys in some of these counties are also well timbered with oak, hickory 
 and ash. 
 
 Much of the timber of Missouri is exceptionally valuable, as a recent 
 writer on the subject points out. The swamp oak, for example, which is 
 abundant in the southern part of the State, is the best variety of wood 
 used for ship-building, with the single exception of live oak. Cypress, 
 which also occurs in the extreme southern counties, is, of course, known 
 to be a "coming wood." The growth of the forests in this State are, 
 moreover, very heavy in some districts. Pine on the plateaus of Shannon, 
 Carter, Reynolds, Oregon and Howell counties averages, in many places, 
 from 8,000 to 10,000 feet to the acre. Ash, oak, maple and walnut are 
 also dense, and heavy over large regions. Sycamores have been found in 
 the State measuring 43 feet in circumference and 65 feet in height, if we 
 may trust the statement, and cottonwoods have grown to a height of 125 
 feet, with a girth of 30 feet. Some very large Spanish oak, black walnut 
 and cypress trees have also been cut in the lower portion of the State. 
 
 On the southern slope of the Ozark range, west of the belt of oak for- 
 ests in eastern Missouri, along the line of the Iron Mountain Railway, is 
 a rich belt of yellow pine covering the two southeasternmost tiers of coun- 
 ties of the State. Fully 65 per cent of the area is yellow pine. It is of 
 the short leaf variety, is remarkably free from resin and turpentine, and 
 the lumber made from it well adapted for the interior finishing of houses. 
 There are many magnificent trees in this region, and 4,000 to 6,000 feet 
 of lumber are now cut to the acre, leaving the smaller growth intact. 
 
 The timber in southern Missouri varies with the latitude. In the 
 southeastern portion of the- State the poplar, the sweet, black and yellow 
 gum, the pine and cypress, the birch, the beech and the tulip tree have 
 their home, and one scarcely, if ever, found in the northern or western 
 counties, but through the entire region of southern Missouri. The forest 
 trees are oak, walnut and hickory, elm, maple, ash and locust, with their 
 varieties, cherry, cottonwood, willow, persimmon, pecan, hackberry, 
 mulberry, box elder, sassafras, growing to tree size, and, in the south- 
 west, the chestnut and the chinquepin. 
 
 A bill has been introduced in the State Legislature at Jefferson City 
 providing for the incorporating of booming companies on the rivers of 
 Missouri, especially on the Current river, the principal and lowest town 
 on which is Doniphan. 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 57 
 
58 MISSOURI. 
 
 This plan is feasible and practical, and, if no opposition be made to it, 
 it will, doubtless, be carried out sooner or later. The estimate, 400,000 
 3ar-loads, of the lumber in easy reach of Current river is probably no 
 Bxaggeration. The forests in this section are immense and the timber 
 is of the finest and of the best varieties. As the matter now stands, the 
 greater part is naturally tributary to St. Louis, and, with the proper efforts 
 on the part of St. Louis capitalists, the trade would preponderate in favor 
 of that place. 
 
 Doniphan is the largest town on Current river. It is situated ten miles 
 north of the Arkansas line and immediately below the great pine belt. 
 It is 200 miles from St. Louis, and is in direct railroad communication 
 with it by means of the Doniphan Branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain 
 & Southern Railway. It has a great advantage over any other point on 
 Current river in the fact that it is below all the pine and most of the hard 
 timber tributary to that river. Every log in reach of the river for 
 100 miles up could be rafted to this place, sawed and shipped directly to 
 St. Louis. Every log that can be boomed at Van Buren or Eminence 
 could also be floated to this place, while for a distance of 35 miles above 
 here no railroad touches the river, and the vast amount of timber in that 
 belt can be shipped only through this place. Some of the larger creeks 
 which run back into the pineries afford facilities for running logs into the 
 river for considerable distances back in the hills during high water, nota- 
 bly Big Barren creek, which empties into the river twenty miles above 
 here. 
 
 The valley of this creek extends 20 or 25 miles up into the heart of 
 one of the finest pineries in the Union, which as yet is untouched. By 
 cleaning out and straightening the channel of this creek, it could be 
 made, during heavy rains, the means of getting all this timber to the 
 river, and thence to the railroad at Doniphan. 
 
 But the timber does not consist solely of pine. Vast quantities of hard 
 timber, especially oak, is in reach of this place. To show the resources 
 of this section in this particular, it is only necessary to cite what has 
 been done in the hard timber land on the Doniphan Branch, 20 miles 
 long. Since its building six years ago millions of ties and staves, and 
 piling and lumber, in immense quantities, have been shipped over it, 
 and still all the good oak timber within handling distance of the road is 
 not nearly exhausted. 
 
 Ash, hickory and gum are also in reach of this place. No better point 
 
MISSOURI. 69 
 
 could be selected for the establishment of wood factories, mills, etc. It is 
 true that there is to be an enormous business done in this section of 
 Missouri at no distant date, and some city or cities will derive great 
 benefit from it. Capital is all that is needed to develop it. 
 
 ADAPTABILITY TO MANUFACTURES 
 
 '^ISTORY teaches that a people who with raw products alone attempt 
 ^m to contest for wealth and population against a people elaborating 
 these prodiicts are sure to be worsted. 
 
 Missouri is important in having a swift creator of wealth, the most 
 important demand of all active civilizations, an unlimited water power, in 
 addition to the raw materials for manufacturing all the essentials of 
 American civilization, wool, cotton, timber, iron, copper, lead, zinc, coal, 
 the raw material for paper, and many other minerals shown under a sep- 
 arate heading. In this element of wealth, cheap motive power, this State 
 is rich indeed. Not in all the Eastern States can there be found such a 
 rolling, rapid river as the Gasconade, about 85 miles from St. Louis. Here 
 every two miles or less there is sufficient fall to raise a dam that would 
 afford power enough to run 500 looms. Magnificent powers are lying idle 
 on the Osage, Grand river, Meramec, Black, White, St. Francis, Current, 
 and numberless other streams within the borders of the State, and there 
 is, perhaps, one of the grandest possible water powers in the West or South 
 almost under the shadow of St. Louis, 
 
 It is believed to be practicable to tap the Missouri river at or near 
 Tavern Rock, in western part of St. Louis county, and to construct an 
 artificial waterway down the valley by the way of and taking in its course 
 Creve Coeur lake, only 26 miles from the city, where a fall of fully 32 feet 
 could be secured to the banks of the Des Peres, or even pass through the 
 southern portion of the city of St. Louis and empty into the Mississippi 
 river above the mouth of the Des Peres. This would afford power equal 
 to any now utilized in New England, and enable the factories on its banks 
 the entire distance to stand within one mile or less of each other, without 
 
60 MISSOURI. 
 
 interference from back water. Here twenty cotton and woolen mills 
 could be erected, backed by superior location and facilities offered by 
 the city of St. Louis. 
 
 Creve Coeur lake is a large body of beautiful soft water, free of the 
 metaloids that unfit it for bleaching goods and manufacture of paper. 
 These industries would find here an admirable location, especially the 
 paper mills. Materials for its manufacture are produced all around the 
 lake, and poplar, that now furnishes about seventy -five per cent of the 
 material for manufacture of books and newspapers, grows in great abun- 
 dance within a very few miles of the spot where the mills would be 
 erected. The balance of paper material, straw, rags and cotton waste 
 would be supplied from the farms and mills and the markets of St. Louis, 
 all very close at hand. Platin creek, 20 miles below St. Louis, is a beau- 
 tiful stream of pure water, flowing from a sandstone bluff, soft as rain 
 water ; is an admirable location for bleaching goods and the manufacture 
 of paper ; is accessible by the Mississippi river, into which it flows, and 
 the Iron Mountain Route, which crosses it about 10 miles above its 
 mouth, by which material and manufactured goods could reach the mills, 
 and goods shipped to St. Louis at a small cost. Besides these rare advan- 
 tages of water powers, no State perhaps, in the American Union has such 
 extensive coal beds to be found in almost every county in the State — 
 aggregating 22,000 square miles of coal of excellent quality — mined so 
 easily and cheaply as to make the use of steam in propelling machinery 
 almost as cheap as water power. Cheap fuel for steam and general family 
 uses would enable manufacturers to erect wf^"'ks in a majority of the cities 
 and towns of Missouri where operatives have their homes, and children 
 working in the factories could live with their parents and add to the 
 family revenue by the labor they perform in the cotton and woolen mills. 
 
 Here manufacturers have the great advantage of a home market for 
 articles turned out of looms and furnaces. St. Louis has been for years a 
 full port for entry and appraisement. The ability of her merchants to 
 duplicate any bill of foreign goods purchased on the Atlantic seaboard has 
 drawn to her a class of buyers that hitherto purchased only in the mar- 
 kets of the East. This has greatly augmented her trade in domestic 
 fa'brics, and to-day she is the largest market in the Mississippi Valley for 
 such goods. 
 
 They would be located where the material to manufacture is produced, 
 or is collected without c^st of transportation. In close proximity food 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 6t 
 
 for operatives is produced and delivered without commission, transporta- 
 tion, interest or exchange, and, not the least important, they would have 
 a home market for nearly all of the goods they can produce. Not having 
 
 
 PALL3 OP EVANGELINE. 
 
 NEAR ARCADIA; 
 IRON MOUNTAIN ROUTE 
 
 three frieghts to pay on material, food and 
 on manufactured products, they could under- 
 sell the mills of the East, that are compelled 
 to pay these inevitable charges. 
 
 In view of these facts and advantages, 
 Missouri invites capital and machinery to 
 settle within her environs. Her manufacturers are assured of a ready 
 sale for all the goods a dozen mills could produce, and at such prices and 
 saving in production as will pay a magnificent dividend on capital 
 
62 MISSOURI. 
 
 wisely expended. The wholesale jobbers are, without exception, anxious 
 to see such mills established in Missouri, and will, at all times, give 
 preference to home-made products over goods made outside of the State. 
 It is apparent that the manufacturing industries are capable of great 
 legitimate expansion. The importation of articles that might be manu- 
 factured at a profit in the State, and thus supply the home market, is 
 very large. The people are alive to fostering this branch of commercial 
 interest, and, at all times, extend a welcome and, in many instances, 
 substantial assistance to the manufacturing capitalist. 
 
 SOMETHING FOR THE SPORTSMAN 
 
 [i ISSOURI has been the feeding ground for vast herds of the choicest 
 of the large game animals up to the present generation. Old 
 hunters and trappers still living tell marvelous, but true, stories of their 
 exploits with the gun. As civilization and population advanced west- 
 ward their numbers decreased, yet Missouri is still furnishing a very 
 large proportion of the game for the markets of all the large cities of the 
 United States. From October 1st to February ]st of every year there is 
 not an express car arriving in St. Louis which does not bring large con- 
 signments of game. The quantity is enormous and far beyond the 
 knowledge of every one except those engaged in the trade, or whose duties 
 bring them in contact with the fact. Deer are found in every portion of 
 the State, and are especially numerous in the thinly settled, hilly and 
 mountainous districts. They are also numerous in thit swampy districts. 
 The Ozark mountains and the swampy lands of southeast Missouri con- 
 stitute a great deer park and game reserve and will continue to do so until 
 immigration crowds them out. It is a notorious fact that venison sells as 
 cheap as good beef in the St. Louis markets during the winter season. 
 
 Game in the Ozarks of all kinds is most plentiful. It is a striking 
 indication to the sportsman to see the skins of deer, wild cats, foxes, 
 'coons, 'possums and minks hanging on the posts of the porticos in front 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 63 
 
 of the country stores, while the skins of bears and wolves are not infre* 
 quent. These skins tell an unmistakable story of the sport which the 
 hunter can find in Missouri. The truth is that small game is so plentiful 
 that it is practically ignored by the natives. 
 
 In response to an inquiry a native said : 
 
 ■'Did anyone thereabouts go gunning for game? Right smart of folks 
 did that. What did they kill? Most generally deer. The railroad 
 brought right smart of folks from St. Louis gunning through that countiy. 
 What else did they get besides deer? Turkeys. City folks sot a heap of 
 
HiSSOUEl. 
 
 store by turkeys, out folks didn't bother 'em very much less there was a 
 wo^'kin'f? and meat was skeerse and no time to kill a deer. There was 
 droves of turKeys up the river. How far? 'Bout two mile. It was scan- 
 dalous the way them 'ud rassle with a farmer's corn. He'd as lief have a 
 drove of hogs in a corn field as a flock of turkeys, and there wa'nt no 
 keeping of them out. Partridges? Never see none. Quail? Do you 'uns 
 shoot quail? Well I reckon 
 they's tolable good eatin', but *^^ 
 
 taint a mouthful ^^^^^^P^'^^W^PHIP^^'^ 
 
 apiece skeersely 
 to the little 
 things." 
 
 The truth is 
 that wild tur- 
 keys are no- 
 where more 
 plentiful in the 
 United States 
 than in the 
 Ozark moun- 
 tains. What, 
 with the acorns and other 
 "mast," mild winters, the 
 great stretches of unsettled 
 lands, and the indifference 
 of the native sportsman, turkeys 
 thrive like barnyard fowls in Jersey. 
 Nor is it necessary to lie.in wait in a 
 blind and call them to get a shot. 
 It is as easy to get a shot at a turkey 
 as to get a shot at a partridge in the 
 Pennsylvania woods. 
 
 As for squirrels and rabbits, they everywhere abound. There 
 is but one drawback to the shooting of small game in this country 
 It is so tame as to take the zest out of the sport. Except for the pleasure 
 of having a well-stocked larder, there is no fun in shooting small 
 game. However, if a man were to come here armed with a 20-bore 
 double shot-gun and cartridges loaded with two drachms of powder 
 
 SHEEP PASTURE. 
 
 SOUTHWEST MISSOURI. 
 MISSOURI PAOIFIO RAILWAY. 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 6fc 
 
 and three-fourths of an ounce of say No. 8 shot, he could kill all the 
 game he could carry without mutilating it. But if one would have 
 real sport with small game a 22-calibre rifle would be the thing, and 
 enough straightaway shots could be had at quail to enable a fairl> 
 good shot to fill a game bag. 
 
 The deer are usually run into the river with dogs, as they are ^n 
 the Adirondacks. This plan is adopted because it is less laborious 
 than still hunting. The dogs do the traveling, while the sportsman 
 sits down on the river bank and rests. 
 
 One might travel over a very wild region without finding a more 
 lovely place to rest in than a nook on the banks of White river. The 
 hills and mountains, 
 when dressed in the vary- 
 ing shades of brown and 
 gray, are scarcely less 
 beautiful than in the fresh 
 bloom of spring. The sky 
 has the blue haze of Indi- 
 an summer and the air 
 is as invigorating as a 
 sea breeze i n August. 
 The water of the river is 
 so pure and clear that 
 one may count the stones 
 on the bottom ten feet below the surface. There is even a charm in 
 the naked white limbs of the sycamore that reach out in all directions 
 like ghostly arms striving to clasp something as the wind sway>' 
 them. 
 
 Deer are very easily stalked here in the right weather. The weather 
 is right immediately after or during a rain storm or a snow storm. 
 Snow often falls to a depth of six inches, and sometimes remains several 
 days. When the leaves are well soaked with water one may dress in a 
 suit of brown, and, with rubber shoes instead of boots, walk within 
 range of the deer without difficulty. Of course they are not as tame 
 
 as the turkeys and quail. In the vernacular here, "they are not so 
 
 tame, jest tame." They are commonly hunted with shot-guns, the rifle 
 being reserved for squirrels, and, in case it is a repeater, for men. 
 
66 MISSOURI. 
 
 The country abounds in foxes and wild cats, however, the foxes 
 being the more numerous, of course. Both sorts of brutes grow fat 
 on fur and feather. Naturally, the 'coon and the 'possum are still more 
 numerous. 
 
 The way for Eastern people to go shooting in this country is to go 
 as far as they can by rail and then hire what they call a freighter's 
 wagon and a driver who can cook. Into the wagon pack sufficient 
 supplies to last as long as the hunters desire to stay. The supply need 
 not include feed for the horses, for corn and "roughness," which is the 
 localism for fodder, are to be cheaply and conveniently obtained from 
 the natives. The camp is not likely to be made further than five miles 
 from a supply of corn and fodder. From |2 to |2.75 a day will pay for 
 the driver and his rig, if one does not go to a livery stable. Plain food 
 is much cheaper here than in the East. The transient rate for travelers 
 at hotels is $1 a day. By the month the price is from $10 to $12, and 
 that for good food and clean lodgings; so the expenses of camping 
 out would be very low indeed if high-priced canned goods were not 
 brought from the city. 
 
 Prairie chickens are found exclusively in the prairie regions of Mis- 
 souri, which embrace nearly one-half of the State. They are shipped 
 from Missouri to Eastern and other markets in vast numbers. Quail, 
 the gamest of birds, abounds in all parts of Missouri. Their favorite 
 haunts being in and around farms, the numbers are increasing as the 
 number of farms multiply. This bird is a general favorite with farmers, 
 sportsmen and epicures and gives more pleasure than any other 
 game. 
 
 The early settlers found the rivers and lakes teeming with many fine 
 varieties of food and game fish. There is still a bountiful supply, but 
 of course not as great as when the State was more thinly settled. 
 
 Black bass, perch, croppie, cat fish, buffalo fish, suckers and pike 
 constitute the leading varieties of native fish. 
 
 Black bass of several varieties inhabit every stream of considerable 
 size in the State. 
 
 The perch family is represented by several dozen species, and perch 
 of several kinds are found in every body of water in the State which 
 does not actually dry up in the summer. 
 
MISSOUEI. 37 
 
 The cat fish of Missouri are not only numerous, but famous the world 
 over. There are at least a dozen species in the waters of this State. They 
 vary in size from 1 to 100 pounds. The cat fish is a good food fish, but 
 so common that it is not appreciated. 
 
 The buffalo fish is the largest of the numerous sucker family in this 
 State. They often attain a weight of twenty pounds and upwards. It is 
 a good food fish and is found in every portion of the State. 
 
 Pike of several species are found throughout Missouri and rank wiili 
 black bass as game fish. They are found in the clearer and rapid streams. 
 
 The above list constitutes the leading fish of the State, but by no inea».s 
 all, as there are many minor species. 
 
 EDUCATION AND SCHOOLS, 
 
 It has been asserted by some and assumed by others, who do uy: .vn^~^ 
 'm the facts, that a public spirit of opposition to free schools domina^ei 
 legislation in Missouri. On the other hand, Missourians claim that nc- 
 policy of government is more firmly rooted in the affections of the people 
 or more securely established than the purpose to extend the advantages 
 of a liberal education to all classes. 
 
 No State in the American Union has ever manifested more zeal in gqo 
 cause of popular education than Missouri, nor is her present attituia bUD 
 manifestation of a new impulse. When she began her existence a& i 
 State she began an earnest effort in behalf of education, and there ha£j 
 been no abatement of that effort, unless the unavoidable interruption oi 
 the course of events during the civil war be so regarded; and ha who 
 charges that the State is opposed to free schools, or ever has been, is chai- 
 lengedto name that State which fills his ideal, educationally, and innted 
 to a comparison of the temper of the two States on the subject. ^ 
 
 The third proposition of the Act of Congress of March 6th, 1820, per- 
 mitting Missouri Territory to form a State government, declared that five 
 per cent of the net proceeds of the sales of public lands within the terri- 
 tory should be reserved, after January, 1821, for making roads and canals, 
 
68 MISSOURI. 
 
 three-fifths to be used in the State, and two-fifths in constructing a road 
 or roads to the State. 
 
 The convention which assembled in July, 1820, in pursuance of this act 
 of Congress, requested such a modification of this proposition as Avould 
 permit the whole of the five per cent to be used in the State for the pur- 
 poses named "and the promotion of education in the State." Thus the 
 people of Missouri manifested a solicitude for the education of their 
 children in the outset of the State government. And when it is remem- 
 bered that Congress had ofiered and they had accepted the magnificent 
 gifts of the sixteenth section of every township of land for schools of 
 those townships, and thirty-six sections of land for the use of a seminary 
 of learning (the State University), the request for further aid in this direc- 
 tion shows that they regarded the question of education as one of tran- 
 scendent importance. 
 
 The article on education in the Constitution of 1820 (Art. VI.) con- 
 tained only two sections. The first section provided that "schools and 
 the means of education shall forever be encouraged in this State," and 
 directed the Legislature to preserve the school lands from waste and to 
 apply the proceeds of any sales which should be made "in strict con- 
 formity to the object of the grant." It also directed that one or more 
 schools should be established in every township as soon as practicable 
 (that is, as soon as there were sufficient funds on hand) and necessary. 
 The second section provided for the care of the seminary or university 
 lands. 
 
 The article on education in the Constitution, adopted in 1865 (Art. IX.), 
 has nine sections. The first reads "A general difiusion of knowledge and 
 intelligence being essential to the preservation of the rights and liberties 
 of the people, the General Assembly shall establish and maintain free 
 schools for the gratuitous instruction of all persons in this State between 
 the ages of 5 and 21 years." 
 
 Section 2 provides that separate schools for children of African descent 
 may be established. 
 
 Section 3 creates a Board of Education, to consist of the State Superin- 
 tendent, Secretary of State and Attorney-General. 
 
 Section 4 provides for maintenance of the University, with departments 
 in teaching, in agriculture and in natural science. 
 
 Section 5 describes and perpetuates the public school fund and directs 
 the application of its income. 
 
MISSOURI. 69 
 
 Section 6 requires the State fund to be invested only in United States 
 bonds (amended in 1870 so as to permit investment in Missouri State 
 bonds) and the county funds to be loaned. 
 
 Section 7 requires the maintenance of schools for at least three months 
 in the year as the condition of receiving any part of the income of the 
 public school fund, and permits the Legislature to provide for com 
 pulsory education. 
 
 Section 8 provides for local taxation for schools. 
 
 Section 9 provides for the reduction of lands, money or other property 
 held for school jDurposes into the public school fund. 
 
 The article on education in the Constitution adopted in 1875 (Art. XI.) 
 contains eleven sections. The first is an exact reproduction of the same 
 section of the Constitution of 1865, except a change of school age from 
 between 5 and 21 to between 6 and 20. 
 
 Section 4 adds the Governor to the State Board of Education. 
 
 Section 7 requires the annual appropriation of 25 per cent of the State's 
 revenues, exclusive of the interest and sinking funds, for the maintenance 
 of schools. (This is the first appearance in the organic law of a provision 
 for the ordinary revenue to education.) 
 
 Section 11 forbids the appropriation of any public money in aid of any 
 religious creed, church or sectarian purpose, or to sustain any school 
 controlled by any religious creed, church or sectarian denomination. 
 
 These, with a few minor and immaterial changes, and with better pro- 
 visions for the State University, are the only additions to the same article 
 of the Constitution of 1865. 
 
 But Section 43 of Article IV., of the present Constitution, fixes the 
 order in which the General Assembly shall make appropriations of 
 money, and prohibits any appropriations until that which has precedence 
 in this order has been made. Now the third item in the list is "for free 
 public school purposes." The seventh, and last, is "for the pay of the 
 General Assembly," etc. 
 
 In so far, therefore, as the will of the people is expressed in the organic 
 law, the sentiment of Missouri has always been clearly and forcibly stated 
 in behalf of public schools. 
 
 There are three other means of testing public sentiment. The attitude 
 of representative citizens, the provisions of the statutes and the character 
 of the schools. 
 
70 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 The entire sixth article of the Constitution is devoted to providing for 
 ommon schools, of which there are now about 10,000 in the State, and a 
 
 should be sa.d, therefore, to the honor of the founders of the (V.nunon- 
 wealth of Missouri, that provision for the 
 higher education, as well as for the lowei 
 was no afterthought. It is not some 
 thing that has been thrust upon the State 
 by any recent measures, but the idea of 
 the district schools and of the 
 University was incorporated in- 
 to the very life of the State at its 
 birth and now vitalizes its best 
 hopes of the future. 
 
 The University contemplated 
 in the formation of 
 the State has been 
 in active operation 
 for about 40 years, 
 and has attained a 
 position, with its 
 faculty of thirty 
 professors, eight 
 hundred students 
 and three-quarters 
 of a million of prop- 
 erty, which, at the 
 present, places it in 
 favorable compari- 
 son with the lead- 
 ing institutions of 
 
 the country. When its ^ <,ik and the u,„k 
 of the private schools, academics an<l 
 colleges are taken into consideration the 
 
 ZirilreT"' "'""'""' '"' ''"'■■'^ ""^^""^ '"^'^'"- P-P'« of Mis' 
 of the State to be educated. They can obtain within the State as good 
 an educafon as they can find without, and wii, have the adirat 
 
MISSOURI. 71 
 
 advantage of growing up with those with whom they will be associated 
 in after life and of strengthening the institutions whose interest they 
 themselves may be expected to share in administering, not to speak of 
 the economy and financial advantages consequent upon patronizing 
 home institutions. 
 
 As to the colored people, the State has made a most liberal separate 
 provision for their common schools, and, in Lincoln Institute, for their 
 normal and higher education. 
 
 The State sustains four normal schools ; including the one for colored 
 students mentioned above, and a normal department of the State 
 University. 
 
 The State funds for education (permanent) amount to $8,000,000, and 
 are constantly increasing. In addition to this the State makes special 
 appropriations for the University and normals. 
 
 This, in brief outline, is a partial view of education in Missouri, its 
 origin, continuous progress and present excellent condition. In this State 
 the immigrant is assured as substantial guarantees for the education of 
 his children as can be offered anywhere. 
 
 LABOR, WAGES AND TAXATION 
 
 11 N regard to the laboring classes in Missouri, their privileges, rights and 
 -i prospects, it can be said that : 
 
 Thfe course of legislation in Missouri has wisely tended uniformly 
 toward the protection of the rights of the laborer, so that he has now a 
 lien upon property improved by him, and no property of the employer is 
 exempt from seizure, on execution issued by virtue of a judgment 
 obtained for wages. 
 
 The climate of Missouri is such as to allow laborers to work out of 
 doors a very large percentage of the days throughout the whole year, both 
 summer and winter. In the Northern and Eastern States the great depth 
 of snow and extreme cold prevent outdoor labor for four to six months in 
 the year, so that the profits made during the remainder of the year are 
 wholly appropriated to feed the stock of farmers and support families- 
 
72 MISSOUKI. 
 
 Missouri has not yet made inroads upon her vast natural resources. 
 Her forests are yet to be leveled, her mines developed and worked, her 
 countless acres subdued and cultivated. Again, as she has unprecedented 
 productive power, as varied as great, so she has, by her marvelous trans- 
 portation facilities, great advantages over States not as fortunately 
 circumstanced, hence her products find ready markets at fair prices, and 
 the industry of man obtains a speedy and adequate reward. 
 
 The wages paid in Missouri, regard being had to the time a laborer may 
 work in a year, the cost of living, including food and clothing, compare 
 favorably with wages in other States, and are higher than in a great 
 majority of the States. 
 
 SOUTHWEST MISSOURI, 
 
 WfHE great rush of homeless humanity to Oklahoma reveals the impor- 
 JD tant and startling fact that nearly all of the desirable government 
 lands of the United States are already settled and that cheap homestead- 
 ing, the source of the Nation's rapid growth and prosperity, is nearly at 
 an end. The attention of those now desiring a home on the soil will be 
 drawn to the cheaper improved lands that have been passed over in the 
 rush to occupy the virgin prairies. Among all such regions Missouri, 
 while being the most desirable, has been as well the most neglected and 
 poorly advertised. There are, in this great State, thousands on thousands 
 of acres of great fertility, which could be cultivated and improved at less 
 actual cost than is necessarily involved in a long journey to the Indian 
 Territory. 
 
 Southwest Missouri, which includes the counties of Barton, Bates, Cass, 
 Cedar, Cole, Clinton, Johnson, Moniteau, Pettis, Morgan, St. Clair and 
 Vernon, is the most favorably located with respect to desirable farming 
 lands, minerals and numerous other advantages, and offering very cheap 
 lands of any part of the State. These lands will produce a wider range of 
 agricultural and horticultural products than any other equal area in the 
 United States. .Where vast mines of coal, zinc, lead, copper, clay, tim- 
 bered resources and water power are unsurpassed. The climate is {he 
 
MISSOURI. 73 
 
 most happy medium between extremes obtainable. The educational 
 facilities are unsurpassed, and a social, moral and religious status is 
 squarely of the highest standard known to the age. At the present the 
 country embraced by the counties named has scarcely more than one-fifth 
 of the population which it is capable of sustaining. Opportunities for 
 manufacturing are unlimited, and lands both improved and unoccupied 
 can be bought remarkably cheap. Now would seem the most opportune 
 time for southwest Missouri. The inevitable reaction from the Oklahoma 
 boom should be made to work to advantage by inviting opportunities for 
 securing cheap homes to the benefit of good and sure markets in this 
 State. A large portion of those who are on the move for the purpose of 
 obtaining a home should have their attention called to the mild and 
 healthful climate of this region. The land, well timbered and well 
 watered with pure limpid streams, numerous medical and mineral springs, 
 where every opportunity is afforded the laborer and capitalist to increase 
 their fortunes and surround themselves with the comforts and luxuries 
 of life. We herewith give a hasty review of the counties just before 
 mentioned. 
 
 BARTON COUNTY 
 
 Is located in the western tier of counties, about 120 miles south of Kansas 
 City. The surface is gently rolling or undulating, not being too flat to 
 drain well or so rolling as to wash. The soil is a rich, sandy loam, easy 
 of culture and slow to feel the effects of a drought; and, of the 375,000 
 acres in the county, there is scarcely a quarter section that would not 
 make a desirable farm. The growth of this county has been remarkable. 
 Society is as good as can be found anywhere. In eight years the assessed 
 valuation of the property has increased from $2,000,000 to 15,000,000, and 
 the population more than doubled. There is a permanent school fund of 
 over $124,000 per year; and the great agricultural and fruit products 
 are not alone the source of all her wealth and grandeur. Coal veins of 
 minable thickness are found in over half the townships of the State and 
 the output for the year 1888 approached nearly 200,000 tons. Barton 
 county is in the great fruit valley and possessing innumerable fine 
 orchards, where luscious fruitage finds its way in great quantities to 
 Kansas, Colorado, Texas, Alabama and even Tennessee. This industry 
 demands very little care or expense after once the orchard is planted. 
 There are several thriving towns in the county, containing numerous 
 
74 MISSOURI. 
 
 small manufacturing establishments, and the railroads of the county are 
 amply sufficient for all present needs. Land varies in price, according 
 to location, quality and other considerations that usually give varying 
 values to real estate. Raw lands are worth from |6 to $14 per acre. 
 
 Improved farms range from $15 to $40, and good farms, with ordinary 
 improvements, can be had from $13 to $25 per acre ; and these lands, for 
 agricultural purposes, are not inferior to any in the world. 
 
MISSOURI. 75 
 
 BATES COUNTY 
 
 Is also one of the border counties of Missouri and, in consequence, suf- 
 fered much during the war and was entirely depopulated. At present it 
 contains a population of 40,000 and assessed valuation of about $8,000,000, 
 which is remarkable considering its condition fifteen years ago. Its rapid 
 development is owing to its unsurpassed natural resources, and the 
 county is entirely free from debt of any nature ; has splendid schools and 
 school buildings and a permanent school fund. It is 50 miles south of 
 Kansas City, and the surface in the main is high rolling prairie, with 
 much fine timber. The soil, being for the most part underlaid with 
 limestone, cannot be surpassed in fertility by any county west of the 
 Mississippi. From 40 to 75 bushels per acre of well matured corn is pro- 
 duced each year, and every acre properly cultivated, and the average 
 yield of wheat is from 15 to 30 bushels per acre. Vegetables of all kinds 
 are cultivated with success, and tobacco of fine quality can be grown to 
 advantage. The climate is temperate, the winters short and mild, and, 
 consequently, fruits of all kinds do well. Large orchards of apple and 
 peach trees and fine vineyards of grapes can be found in all parts of the 
 county. Several valuable varieties of hard wood timber are found in the 
 county, including walnut, oak, elm, ash, hickory and linden. It is well 
 watered, having the Osage river and its tributaries, which are fed by 
 perennial springs which abound all over the country. The coal meas- 
 ures underlie the greater part of Bates county, and the number of tons of 
 coal has been estimated at about 6,500,000,000. In addition to coal, there 
 are mines of fine building stones, fire clays, and wells of natural gas have 
 recently been found. Zinc and lead are mined in greai quantities at 
 Rich Hill, and this point is rapidly coming into prominence as the man- 
 ufacturing metropolis of southwest Missouri. 
 
 CASS COUNTY 
 
 Is another of the border counties of Missouri, a little south of Kansas 
 City, has a large public school fund and school houses furnished with all 
 the latest appliances. All the agricultural products peculiar to this cli- 
 mate, including wheat, corn, oats, barley, flax, millet, orchard grass, 
 
76 MISSOURI. 
 
 timothy and clover, are grown in great profusion and abundance, and is 
 one of the greatest live stock producing counties of the State. There 
 are six railroads crossing the county which have not less than twenty 
 shipping points. Prices of land range from $15 to |100 per acre, gov- 
 erned by quality, location, improvement, etc., which price will be found 
 remarkably low when it is remembered that the northern border of the 
 county is in sight of the smoke of Kansas City. Apples, pears, peaches, 
 apricots, cherries, plums, raspberries and strawberries attain their great- 
 est perfection here. 
 
 CEDAR COUNTY 
 
 Is in the second tier of counties from the Kansas line ; the surface is 
 diversified in the eastern part, being somewhat hilly and broken and 
 covered with timber, while in the western portion it is undulating and 
 principally prairie land. The soil is of two kinds, black loam and red 
 mulatto, grain of all kinds peculiar to this latitude growing luxuriantly. 
 The yield of such products as corn, wheat and oats in favorable years is 
 very high, and of unsurpassed quality. For stock purposes it has as many 
 inducements as any portion of the State. Pasturage is good, water pure 
 and abundant, and many well sheltered localities. This is one of the 
 finest fruit regions in the West. By simply planting the trees, an abun- 
 dance of apples, plums, cherries, pears, etc., are assured, and small fruits 
 of all kinds seem peculiarly adapted to attain their greatest perfection 
 in Cedar county. The selling price of land ranges from $2.50 to $50 per 
 acre. 
 
 There is not a dollar of public indebtedness existing, and taxation 
 is very low. It is well supplied with streams and has abundant water 
 power for manufacturing. Schools receive a large share of public atten- 
 tion ; school houses are large and conveniently located and the average 
 term length is seven months. Iron, coal, zinc and lead abound in great 
 quantities, and the mineral springs of Eldorado have already attained 
 great fame as a ''health and pleasure resort." No finer timber is found 
 in the State, the quantity is inexhaustible, and consists principally of 
 maple, oak, walnut, hickory and pecan. Here might be established suc- 
 cessful furniture and agricultural implement manufactories. The price of 
 timber land ranges from $3 to $8 per acre. 
 
MISSOURI. 77 
 
 COLE COUNTY 
 
 Shares the bounteous gifts which nature has bestowed in southwest 
 Missouri, and its population of late years has been increasing very rap- 
 idly. The soil, on account of its limestone basis, is of inexhaustible 
 fertility, easily cultivated and varied in its products. There is abundance 
 of pure water in springs, creeks and rivers, giving it perpetual and abun- 
 dant supply for flocks and herds, and furnishing excellent drainage over 
 the face of the country. Wheat, rye, corn, barley and oats never fail. 
 Grasses grow in natural and unstinted abundance. All kinds of fruits, 
 vegetables and garden products are of the highest quality, as well as in 
 the greatest abundance. The Missouri washes the northern border and 
 the Osage river flows for nearly 50 miles on the southern and southwest- 
 ern limits. Of the total area of the county, 240,000 acres, only 70,000 at 
 present are under cultivation, the rest is given over to range and pasture 
 lands. Much of the older land can never be used for any other purpose, 
 but, by careful methods, large quantities of it, ranging in price from |2to 
 $12, can be brought under successful and profitable cultivation . Churches 
 and schools are well provided in all parts of the county ; railroad facili- 
 ties are unsurpassed, three main lines running into and through the 
 county. Jefferson City, the capital of the State, is located in Cole 
 county. This county is admirably located for dairying and for the raising 
 of sheep and cattle for the markets. There are inexhaustible mines of 
 coal, lead and zinc within the borders of the county. 
 
 HENRY COUNTY 
 
 Although Missouri was admitted as a State in 1830, it was not until 
 some years after the war that anything of moment was done towards 
 developing this county. It is, properly speaking, a prairie county, amply 
 watered by some 25 streams, whose banks are lined with timber, thus 
 affording abundance of fuel, and that, too, of the best variety, such as 
 black walnut, hickory, pecan, and nearly all the species of oak. The 
 soil is on a limestone base and produces excellent products of almost 
 everything known to this latitude, the staples being corn, wheat, oats and 
 grasses of all kinds. Corn will produce as high as 100 bushels per acre, 
 with good farming, and wheat 40. Fruits do well here and all varieties 
 
78 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 known to the Temperate Zone are raised, including apples, peaches, 
 l^lums, apricots, cherries, pears, while grapes and berries are very pro- 
 lific. Stock raising is a grand success where properly conducted, and 
 
 much of the land of this county is specially adapted to this purpose and 
 dairying. Coal is very valuable and large quantities are mined and 
 shipped from the county annually. School and church privileges are 
 
Missouri. 79 
 
 well looked after, the county having a permanent school fund of $52,000. 
 Gc od, fair farming lands can be purchased at from $18 to $25 per acre ; 
 the best lands sometimes run as high as $40, although good, well improved 
 places can be had for $25, according to location. These are all improved 
 lands. Cheaper lands can be obtained as low as $15 per acre, and the 
 greater part of the land of the county is capable of being brought under 
 cultivation. Taxes are very low. Considerable attention is given to 
 creameries and dairying, and there is an exceptional opportunity in the 
 county for investment in various manufactories. 
 
 JOHNSON COUNTY, 
 
 The fairest spot in this wealthy Commonwealth, is situated in the west- 
 ern central part of the State and contains about 900,000 acres, almost 
 every acre of which is tilled. In 1865, Johnson county was sparsely set- 
 tled, but it now contains a population of 40,000 people, and an assesse^; 
 valuation of $11,000,000, and all this has been achieved within the short 
 space of 20 years. It is an undulating plain, cut with numerous streams 
 whose banks are covered with heavy belts of valuable timber. The high 
 soil is of rich loam, from two to eight feet in depth, and is underlaid with 
 limestone. The soil produces numerous crops of wheat, corn, barley, rye 
 and oats. Although a prairie country, it is well supplied with timber, 
 consisting of hickory, oak, elm, ash, honey locust, linden and walnut. 
 Grasses grow luxuriantly, and the blue grass springs up spontaneously 
 as in the famous blue grass regions of Kentucky. In addition to its being 
 an excellent farming country, it is also a successful grazing region and is 
 capable of producing the choicest of fruits of all varieties. Coal of the 
 very best quality is found near the surface and natural gas has been dis- 
 covered. The price of land varies with its quality and location, from $20, 
 $25, $30 and $35 per acre ; farms and very choice locations near town sell 
 for $50. These lands have a greater productive capacity than thousands 
 of farms in the older States that sell for $75 and $100 an acre. 
 
 MONITEAU COUNTY 
 
 Occupies about the exact center of the State of Missouri, is mainly 
 undulating prairie with a deep, black soil, easy to cultivate, and never 
 failing to yield bountiful returns to intelligent cultivation. Corn, wheat, 
 oats, rye, barley, flax and tobacco grow to perfection, as well as all the 
 
80 MISSOURI. 
 
 tame grasses. Stock raising is extensively carried on and constitutes a 
 great source of wealth for those engaged in it. Live stock diseases are 
 almost entirely unknown here. This seems to be the established home 
 of fine fruits. Thousands of bushels of apples are annually shipped from 
 the county, being better than any other crop. Peaches, pears, plums, 
 cherries, apricots and other varieties of small fruits, repay abundantly the 
 labor of the horticulturist. Coal is found near the surface and is exten- 
 sively mined. Zinc ore is found in great quantities as well as lead, its 
 co-metal. Clays and building stone are also found. The county is well 
 watered, and forests of valuable oak, walnut, hickory, ash and elm cover 
 a large part of the county, affording excellent opportunities for furniture 
 and farming implement manufactories. Schools are amply provided, 
 all the church denominations are represented, and taxes are light. The 
 county is well supplied with railroads, and farming lands can be bought 
 much cheaper here than in less productive lands in other States. 
 
 MORGAN COUNTY 
 
 Is rich in all the resources of material prosperity. All the grains, fruits 
 and vegetables are abundantly produced. Pasture lands are luxuriant 
 beyond description. This industry is assisted by the numerous springs, 
 streams and rivers of pure water which flow thrpugh the county. The 
 county contains about 14,000 population, from all the Eastern and North- 
 ern States. They are hospitable, and give a stranger cordial welcome. 
 Immense crops of apples, peaches, pears, cherries and grapes are annually 
 produced. The winters are mild, and cattle are often able to live during 
 the entire winter with little care and attention. The county is well 
 supplied with railroads, public schools, churches, newspapers, etc. Land 
 can be purchased at from $1.50 to |50 per acre. The lower priced land is 
 only adapted to pasturage, but very fine farming lands are obtainable at 
 prices that would astonish an Eastern land buyer. 
 
 PETTIS COUNTY 
 
 Is one of the central counties of the State, and Sedalia, the county seat, 
 is the largest of the interior towns between St. Louis and Kansas City. 
 There is but little vacant or unimproved land, but the average price of 
 farming lands are lower than the older States, where no better prices for 
 farm produce or shipping facilities prevail. $25 to $40 per acre will pur- 
 
MISSOURI. 81 
 
 chase the best land in the world, which lies in this county. All kinds 
 of grains, fruits, vegetables, grow in great abundance. Live stock of the 
 finest breeds are reared, and the farms are models of comfort and pros- 
 perity. Schools are good, church facilities abundant, taxes low. 
 
 VERNON COUNTY, 
 
 Out of its 536,000 acres, has not over 25,000 acres of land that cannot be 
 brought under cultivation. The population at present is about 40,000, 
 taxable wealth, $7,500,000. Taxes are low ; school districts number 129 
 in the county outside of the village and city schools ; is amply provided 
 with railways, and the best of the land in the county can be obtained 
 from $17 to $40 per acre, as extreme prices. The average price is between 
 $20 and $30 ; unimproved timber lands at $10 and $12 to $20 per acre. 
 The mineral indications are excellent ; coal is found in great adundance, 
 lead and zinc are found in numerous places, and are successfully mined. 
 Iron ore, asphalt, aluminum, mineral paint and potters' clay are also 
 found. The surface of the county is abundantly rolling, while offering 
 excellent drainage. The soil is of a warm nature and of easy cultivation. 
 Wheat and grain raising cannot be excelled ; oats, rye and millet also do 
 well. Fruit reaches its greatest perfection, apples, pears, plums, cherries 
 and apricots all being raised successfully, as well as the small fruits. 
 Manufacturing establishments of all kinds are needed, and would be 
 remunerative. 
 
 ST. OLAIR COUNTY 
 
 Is worthy of the attention of the farmer, capitalist and manufacturer. 
 The surface is made up of fruitful vales and prairies, cut by numerous 
 streams of pure water, and overhung by clear, beautiful skies. The county 
 is well settled, principally by a class of intelligent farmers who till the 
 rich lands with the greatest success, yet good patches of unimproved 
 prairie can be found in various parts of the county that are open for pur- 
 chase and settlement. There are wooded uplands containing fine tim- 
 ber, consisting of ash, oak, hickory, pecan, etc. Coal, iron, lead and 
 zinc, building stone, paint earths, and many other deposits have been 
 discovered, and there is a chance here for the miner, manufacturer and 
 capitalist, as well as the farmer. Improved farms can be purchased at 
 reasonable figures. Stock raising is extensively engaged in, and the 
 county is well adapted to this and dairying purposes. 
 
82 MISSOURI. 
 
 SOUTHEAST MISSOURI. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 SOUTHEAST Missouri is about nine-tenths hills, mountains, and 
 rolling uplands, and one-tenth bottoms. The Ozark range of hills, 
 sometimes called mountains, extend through the district, from 
 West to East, decreasing in height as they near the Mississippi and 
 spurs of this range and their foot-hills occupy most of the district. The 
 highest peaks and ridges are, generally, covered with a coating of broken 
 chert — a kind of flint, mixed with a red clay loam, of from one to four 
 feet in depth. Amid the highest points are large areas or plateaus of 
 gently rolling clay loam, available for farms and stock ranges. The 
 lower hills are covered with red and yellow clay loam mixed with 
 varying proportions of sand, all extending a depth of four to thirty feet, 
 a strong, fertile soil, easy of cultivation, and very productive. Some of 
 these hill lands contain so large a proportion of sand that they are liable 
 to wash into gullies, when neglected. Underlying a large pa,rt of these 
 hills are stratified rocks, principally magnesian limestones, but carbon^ 
 iferous limestone is found in many localities along and near the Missis- 
 sippi. The whole district gives evidence of volcanic upheaval and at 
 many points granite and porphyry are found in immense masses. The 
 streams run from the Ozarks, to the North, East and South, those run- 
 ning East being mostly small. Piney Fork, of the Gasconade, and the 
 Meramec are lumbering streams, running to the northeast, the last 
 emptying into the Mississippi. Big river, a stream too small for lumber- 
 ing, is the largest flowing to the East, while to the South run the White- 
 water, or Little river, Castor, St. Francois, Black, Little Black, Current, 
 Eleven Point, and the forks of White river. Little river, St. Francois, 
 Black and Current are navigable for steamers from 50 to 150 miles in this 
 State and all the last named streams are largely used for lumbering, as 
 also their tributaries. The entire district is well watered. Springs of 
 limpid water abound in all counties except those of the Mississippi bot- 
 tom and in those good water is easily obtained by the use of the tube 
 or drive wells. 
 
MISSOURI. 8^ 
 
 BOTTOMS. 
 
 Each of the rivers mentioned has a bottom of a breadth of from a few 
 hundred feet to miles, and from Commerce, southward to the Arkansas 
 line, extends a bottom, increasing in width, in nearly a triangular outline 
 to about seventy miles wide at the South side, the State line, from East 
 to West. Within this Territory, however, is one range of hills, several miles 
 in width, extending in a southwestern direction, which disappears at the 
 St. Francois river, and reappears in Crawley's ridge, in Arkansas, ending 
 at Helena. The smaller bottoms are generally composed of a clay loam 
 with varying proportions of sand and some streaks of white clay. The 
 broad Mississippi bottom is composed of alternations of low "ridges," 
 usually from two to four feet high and depressions or slashes, a foot or 
 more in depth, the ridges extending in a southerly direction, parallel 
 with the main course of the streams. The ridges are usually from a quar- 
 ter to half a mile apart. In other words, the surface of the bottom is 
 like a succession of long waves. While the timber remains, the fallen 
 trees dam the flow of the water, causing it to slowly make its way out or 
 to disappear by evaporation. The immense mass of leaves falling from 
 the forest adds to the effect of the tree trunks, in retarding drainage. 
 The average slope or fall of this bottom, to the South, is one to three feet 
 to the mile, so that when the obstructions are removed, the land is at 
 once available for cultivation. The Little, Castor, St. Francois, Black and 
 Little Black rivers cross this bottom, and as their flow is sluggish through 
 the low lands, rubbish accumulates, and during the largest freshets the 
 rivers overflow their banks, generally for a few hours, but the river banks 
 are higher than the lands a mile further back and the spreading waters of 
 the floods find their way back to the rivers miles below the points of escape, 
 and, if retarded by fallen timber the process is slow. These facts caused 
 the name of "swamp lands" to be given to large areas of the finest land 
 in the State which are easily made safe from flood injuries and on which 
 hundreds of excellent farms are now opened. Of actual swamps, but 
 a few thousand acres can be found in Southeast Missouri. The area sub- 
 ject to occasional overflow has been reduced half within a few years, by 
 mill men clearing the rivers of *'rafts" and when an inexpensive system 
 of ditching is introduced it will all be tillable. It is as easily drained 
 as were the prairies of Illinois. In every instance, where the clearings 
 
84 MISSOURI. 
 
 have been extended across the slashes, the water has disappeared and the 
 land has become safely tillable. The bottom lands are loose and easy of 
 cultivation and can often be plowed every month in the year. 
 
 It should be noted here, that of the lakes marked on the maps, a 
 majority never had an existence and hundreds of thousands of acres so 
 marked were not only never overflowed, but were in fact beautiful 
 prairies, wholly above the highest floods. The name "swamps" 
 attached to these lands by reason of an act of Congress, passed Septem- 
 ber 28, 1850, donating to the several States all swamp and overflowed 
 lands lying within their boundaries, in trust that the States would 
 severally drain and reclaim them, and after paying the expense of 
 reclamation, convert the remaining proceeds of the sales into the school 
 funds. The cupidity of the States resulted in hundreds of thousands of 
 acres of the best bottom lands and in fact of thousands of acres of hill 
 lands being certified and transferred to the State of Missouri, as swamp 
 and overflowed, which were always safe from overflow. The beautiful 
 prairies of Dunklin county, which are now a succession of the handsomest 
 farms in Missouri, were classed as swamp and overflowed. , When the 
 timber is removed, it will be found that there are not 40,000 acres of 
 actual swamp in Southeast Missouri and that all of this can be drained at 
 small expense. It need not be stated that the name "swamp land," has 
 operated greatly to the injury of the district, causing many to avoid it 
 who would have become citizens, had they known the facts. A per- 
 sonal examination will soon satisfy the most skeptical. 
 
 SOILS. 
 
 There are three kinds of soils to be found in the district, each varying in 
 different localities, but possessing the same general characteristics : the 
 red and yellow clay loam, the white or grey clay, and the brown and 
 dark sandy loam. The first is found throughout the entire hill region, 
 or nine-tenths of the district, and also in many of the smaller valleys and 
 that part of the great bottom near the hills. The color is due to varying 
 proportions of iron oxide or rust. In many places the color is a deep or 
 brick red, while in others it is a light brown, but the fertility is about 
 the same. In most places in the river counties, it contains a good pro- 
 portion of lime, from the disintegration of the magnesian or other lime- 
 stone. It is easy to plow, but cannot be safely worked for a day or more 
 after a rain, without risk of forming hard clods. Its fertility, although 
 
MISSOURI. 85 
 
 apparently not as great as that of the sandy bottoms, is practically inex- 
 haustible. Its subsoil is a dense clay and chert or gravel, often almost 
 impervious to moisture, but which contains the elements of fertility. 
 This soil is good for the production of all grains, grasses and vegetables. 
 The winter wheat raised on it is of superior quality and under good culti- 
 vation the yield is from 20 to 40 bushels per acre. This soil is also 
 adapted to fruits of all kinds. 
 
 The white or grey clay is found in streaks of a hundred or more feet in 
 width and in some localities extends over many acres. It is in no respect 
 equal to the yellow or red clay loam in fertility, is heavy and tends to 
 run together after continued rains. It is not well adapted to vegetables 
 or cotton, but yields fair crops of grass. There is comparatively little of 
 this soil in the district. 
 
 The sandy soils are loose, friable and usually have a light and sandy 
 subsoil. They are very fertile, but on the prairies, sometimes become 
 exhausted. In the bottoms, the soil contains more clay and is almost 
 inexhaustible. Many fields that have been cultivated for a quarter of a 
 century show no falling off in crop yields. This land is found throughout 
 the Mississippi bottom. The whole region will, within a few years, 
 become the garden spot of the Mississippi valley. Vegetables of all 
 kinds grow to large size and of excellent quality. For melons, squashes, 
 cotton, corn, it is unexcelled. Corn yields 50 to 100 bushels per acre, 
 cotton half to a bale per acre, potatoes 150 bushels, sweet potatoes 200 
 bushels, onions 200 to 300 bushels, and other crops in proportion. 
 Grapes do not yield as well as in the hills, being subject to rot, but 
 cherries, apples, plums and peaches bear good crops. Pears will probably 
 yield as well or better in the hills. This soil becomes warm a week or 
 more before the hill land is fit for planting and produces potatoes, 
 radishes, lettuce and other early vegetables from ten to fifteen or twenty 
 days in advance of localities in the same latitude. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 The mineral products of Southeast Missouri are of great variety and 
 immense in quantity. The leading mineral in quantity, as well as in the 
 profit of its mining, is lead. The lead region includes all of Washington, 
 Jefferson, St. Francois and Madison counties and parts of Ste. Genevieve, 
 Perry, Cape Girardeau, Bollinger, Wayne, Iron, Carter, Ripley, Reynolds, 
 Shannon, and probably Stoddard and Butler. The lead formations are 
 
86 MISSOURI. 
 
 of two classes, Galena, which is found in masses of great purity, in holes, 
 called ''pockets," or * 'chimneys," and "disseminated" ore, which, as its 
 name indicates, is scattered in varying degrees of richness through the 
 veins of rock in which it occurs. The veins of this ore are horizontal, or 
 nearly so, like the "blanket" veins of the Leadville district. This ore, 
 before it is smelted, is crushed and "jigged," or washed, by whiah 
 the lead crystals are separated from the magnesian limestone in which it 
 occurs. In some places, as in the Doe Run mines of St. Francois county, 
 such veins have been found 18 feet thick and in parts of the St. Joe 
 mines, the aggregate thickness of the veins, in a depth of 300 feet, is over 
 50 feet. The output of the two mines is about one-half of the lead pro- 
 duction of the United States, the St. Joe being the largest in the country. 
 Good smelters are well distributed through the district and the daily pro- 
 duct is about 4,000 pigs, or nearly 96,000,000 pounds a year. The dissemi- 
 nated lead mines are the best for the laboring men, because the mining, 
 instead of being carried on by men working separately under royalty con- 
 tracts, is like coal mining, the men being paid regular wages according to 
 the work done. Thriving towns have grown up around each of the larger 
 mines. Next in production, of the mines is iron. This is found in every 
 hill county of the district, but the best mines as yet worked, are in St. 
 Francois, Iron and Crawford counties. The Iron Mountain has yielded 
 millions to its owners and is still as productive as ever, but owing to the 
 present low price of ores, is not worked as vigorously as in the past. 
 
 Zinc, in the forms of silicate, dry bone, carbonate and "Black Jack," 
 is found in large deposits, in Jefferson, Washington, St. Francois, Ste. 
 Genevieve and Madison. The zinc mines employ several hundred men 
 and are, as yet, only partially developed. 
 
 Manganese is to be found in nearly every hill county of the district, 
 but only a few valuable veins have been opened in Washington, Madison 
 and Iron counties. 
 
 Fire clay of quality equal to the famous clays of St. Louis, is in large 
 banks in Ste. Genevieve and Cape Girardeau counties and has been made 
 into bricks. The brick clay of the river counties is also suitable for the 
 best pressed brick and will doubtless be an article of commerce in the 
 near future, as pressed brick is steadily gaining in use in the cities. 
 
 Kaolin and China clays are in banks many feet in depth in Jefferson, 
 Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, Bollinger, Iron and Washington and 
 are believed to underlie a large part of the district. 
 
MISSOURI. 87 
 
 BUILDING STONES AND MARBLES. 
 
 Probably no region of equal area in the United States can show worka- 
 ble quarries of as many useful varieties of building and ornamental stone, 
 as Southeast Missouri. Granite is found in more than a hundred 
 localities and nearly as many shades and colors, from a bright red to a 
 pink, brown, grey, black, green olive, etc. The granites of this district 
 contain little or no mica, will stand an enormous crushing weight, are 
 very hard and withstand atmospheric influences as well as, if not better 
 than, any other American granites. This stone is found in the finest 
 buildings of St. Louis and is steadily gaining in popularity throughout 
 the country. Good building limestone is in half of the counties, the best 
 being in Jefferson, Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau and St. Francois. 
 Marble occurs in at least thirty distinct beds in M adison county, all the 
 strata being variegated and exceedingly beautiful admitting a high polish. 
 The principal colors and shades are pink, mottled, clouded and dotted 
 with white, grey, brown, green, dark red, blue and yellow. The marbles 
 of Ste. Genevieve county are also numerous, found in immense masses 
 and marked in great variety. They are also susceptible of a high polish 
 and are peculiarly adapted for mantels and interior house finish. 
 
 Building sandstone of good quality is quarried and in general use in 
 St. Francois, Cape Girardeau, Ste. Genevieve, Perry, Bollinger, Butler, 
 Ripley and Jefferson counties. The best quality is found in inexhausti- 
 ble strata in Ste. Genevieve, and superior grindstones are furnished by 
 the same quarry. 
 
 Porphyry of a quality useful for building purposes, exists in large 
 masses in Iron, Madison, St. Francois and Wayne counties. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 That the spring comes earlier and the fall ends later, in Southeast 
 Missouri than in States further North, goes without saying ; but the difier- 
 ences do not end there. The winters are always mild, the extreme cold 
 being generally about zero (Fahrenheit) and the cold weather with snow 
 and ice lasting less than two months. In occasional winters the tempera- 
 ture has fallen below this, but these are rare. Winter usually begins 
 about the 15th of December, with more rain than snow throughout 
 the season. The coldest weather is generally in January. In Feb- 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 ruary, until the 15th, there are cold days. In the latter pari oi 
 February there are more warm, spring days than wintry weather. 
 In March, early potatoes are often planted by the 10th and most of the 
 month is available to the farmers to get the ground ready for planting 
 
 MISSOURI RIVER. AT BOONVILLE. MISSOURI PAOIPIO RAILWAY. 
 
 The best farmers plant corn in April and May. Early planting almost 
 invariably pays the best. Cotton is planted in May and June. During 
 the spring months, the weather is generally warm and pleasant. Winter 
 
MISSOURI. 89 
 
 wheat is ready for harvesting from the 20th of Jane to the 10th of July, the 
 usual time being the 1st of the latter month. Strawberries are in market 
 in April, cherries early in May, peaches from June to November. Con- 
 cord grapes begin to come into market about the first of August. During 
 the latter part of June, all of July and August, there are many warm 
 days, the thermometer often indicating in the nineties every day for a 
 week or two, but rarely reaching 100 degrees in the shade in any part 
 of the district and then only for a few hours. In the highest hills 
 these extremes of heat are rarely reached. Throughout the district 
 the summer nights are cool and agreeable, ensuring comfortable 
 sleep. The first killing frost rarely occurs before October and heavy 
 frosts but a few days before November. The fall seasons are always 
 delightful, not too warm nor yet too cold for comfort. For consumptives 
 or invalids the climate of Southeast Missouri is very favorable, especially 
 during the fall. In the higher hills the summers, too, are delightful ; 
 especially in Iron, Washington and St. Francois counties and parts of 
 Madison, Reynolds, Crawford and Dent. Many visitors spend their 
 summers in these counties and the number increases every year. Were 
 an effort made for such patronage, the mountain portions would be 
 thronged with visitors from the South every summer, on account of the 
 charming scenery and delightful climate. 
 
 The vegetable growth of the entire district is rapid and especially in 
 the bottom lands. Pine trees attain a diameter of ten inches in twenty 
 years. Corn often grows 18 feet high. The warm climate, regular rains 
 and fertile soil produce a large return for honest farm labor. 
 
 The greatest objection raised to Southeast Missouri has been on the 
 score of health. This has mainly arisen from a misunderstanding of the 
 character of the region. In the first place, nine-tenths of Southeast Mis- 
 souri is as high above the ocean as Iowa and higher than the aveiage of 
 Illinois or Indiana. The other tenth is bottom land, with far less of 
 actual swamps than were found in Indiana in its settlement. Malarial 
 diseases are not as prevalent in the hill regions of the district as in those 
 of Southern Illinois, or Indiana, in fact no healthier country, on an 
 average, can be found in the United States, east of the Sierras. Con- 
 sumption, the dreaded spectre of the North and Northeast, very rarely 
 develops in Southeast Missouri, never in bottom regions. Most immi- 
 grants, from whatever district they may come, usually find their health 
 improved by residence in the hills of Southeast Missouri. The bottoms 
 
90 MISSOURI. 
 
 are all to the south and southeast, while the summer and fall winds are 
 almost constantly from the west and southwest. The time will come 
 when the mistaken notion of years will be abandoned and the hill 
 regions of this district will be a favorite resort for people of delicate 
 health. 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 
 Although the mineral wealth of the district is great, farming, stock- 
 raising, gardening and fruit culture must, for all time, be the leading 
 industries, employing the largest share of the population. Fortunately 
 the soils are good, the climate favorable, markets are accessible and trans- 
 portation is cheap. The reorganization of routes of commerce by rail- 
 roads has given advantages that comparatively few of the older settlers 
 seem to realize, at least thousands have failed to avail themselves of 
 them. Time and the success of those who have been and are up with 
 the times, will even up the condition of farmers and prosperity will be 
 more general. c 
 
 Grains and grasses thrive well in all parts of the district. The rockiest 
 flint and chert covered hills bear a large annual crop of fine grass, on 
 which thousands of sheep and cattle are fed for months every year, and 
 ten times as many could be well fed. The hill regions, generally, cannot 
 be excelled for clover. The best clover seed in the great markets now 
 comes from the river counties of Southeast Missouri, Cape Girardeau, 
 Scott, Perry, Ste. Genevieve, and the raising of this seed has become a 
 prosperous industry. As stated in the chapters on soils, wheat is the 
 leading crop in all the hill counties bordering on the Mississippi and it 
 also leads in the bottoms of Scott, Mississippi and New Madrid. Under 
 judicious management with this crop the soil improves and the yield 
 also. When one can average twenty bushels per acre, at 70 cents a 
 bushel, on land valued at less than thirty dollars, it is easily seen how 
 much more profitable farming is, than where the same yield of wheat is 
 secured, worth 80 cents a bushel on land valued at $100 an acre. As is 
 well known, with the present mechanical appliances, the cost of culti- 
 vating the ground, seeding and harvesting, are about the same in all 
 parts of the country. The yield of oats, barley and rye, are about pro- 
 portionate to that of wheat throughout the district. Large quantities of 
 oats are raised, but rye and barley are cultivated principally in the 
 northern counties of the district. The Kentucky blue grass thrives as 
 
MISSOURI. 91 
 
 well on the hills of the district as in its native State and is found in all 
 the upland counties. Of the grasses for hay, probably red top does the 
 best and timothy next. In the bottom lands, and especially on the 
 prairies, timothy is liable to "burn out" in the warm weather following 
 haying season and it is sometimes injured in the same way on southern 
 slopes of hills. The average crops of these grasses are not quite as large 
 as in some of the Northern States, but always large enough for a fair 
 profit. Sometimes timothy yields over three tons per acre. 
 
 STOCK RAISING 
 
 Was, for many years, the main dependence of farmers, as only stock 
 could be driven and transported to market by wagon road and river. In 
 the earlier times, also, there was more dependence placed on the range 
 than now. In those days hogs needed little, if any feeding, more than 
 was necessary to keep them gentle. Now those farmers who keep close 
 watch on their stock and feed often in winter are most successful. 
 There is yet plenty of summer and fall range for cattle in the hills, and 
 the spring range is earlier than in Texas and of excellent quality. Beef 
 cattle can be marketed from the spring range about a month before the 
 Texas beeves come into market, a very desirable feature of the business. 
 In the bottoms, the range for hogs and cattle is good the year round. 
 Sheep and wool have never received the attention deserved. Large 
 ranges well adapted for sheep can be found among the highest hills. 
 Many farmers have found the raising of mules and good horses very 
 profitable and the business may be largely extended without overstock- 
 ing the market. Poultry raising has become one of the profitable indus- 
 tries in all the counties and with recently improved railroad facilities 
 gains rapidly in volume and steadily in profit. Every hill county con- 
 tains plenty of tobacco land of the best quality. Tobacco raising was, 
 for years, one of the most profitable industries of the district, but the 
 restrictions of the revenue laws just after the war worked disastrously to 
 thinly settled districts and it was generally abandoned. Doubtless, 
 tobacco will again be a popular crop in the future, as the restrictions are 
 no longer so burdensome and may soon be wholly removed. Dairying has 
 been gaining steadily, in numbers interested, for twenty years in nearly 
 every county, particularly the northern ones. The shipments of milk 
 and cream to St. Louis and Memphis over the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & 
 
92 MISSOURI. 
 
 Southern railroad have doubled at least twice within the past ten years 
 and are now so large that special milk trains to St. Louis will soon 
 become a necessity. This increase will undoubtedly continue, as hun- 
 dreds of thousands of acres available for dairy farming and accessible to 
 that road are yet covered with forest. Probably, before many years, 
 there will be found an excellent market for the dairy products of this dis- 
 trict in Memphis. 
 
 The annual yield of cotton in the district is between 20,000 and .30,000 
 bales. 
 
 Corn is, of course, a staple product everywhere, and it is largely shipped 
 from Scott, Mississippi and Stoddard counties. The bottom land is, gen- 
 erally speaking, the best for corn, although 75 bushels an acre are some- 
 times raised in the hills. Prices range from 28 to 40 cents. 
 
 FRUITS. 
 
 No industry is more certain of rapid development and good profits in 
 the district than the raising of fruit. Farmers have known for years that 
 the fruit of Southeast Missouri was at least equal to any raised in neigh- 
 boring States, but as they found little encouragement from local trades- 
 men, and local demand was not generally sufficient to warrant going into 
 fruitgrowing on a large scale, only a few ventured to ship to the markets 
 on commission, and those met with small encouragement. Fruit buyers 
 were of the impression that nothing could be done here and did not 
 visit the district. Last fall there was a strong demand for good apples 
 and buyers were on the alert to find new fields. The exhibit of South- 
 east Missouri at the St. Louis Exposition included a few samples, from 
 three or four counties, of their fruit products. The buyers were surprised, 
 and on learning that plenty of such fruit could be bought in these coun- 
 ties the dealers sent agents out and within two months had bought more 
 apples from the district than in many years before, and at prices as sat- 
 isfactory to growers as buyers. This was the beginning of a new era in 
 fruit growing and every year will show a rapid increase in the produc- 
 tions and profits. The dealers last year frankly admitted that in all the 
 territories they visited, within a radius of about 200 miles around St. 
 Louis, they found no fruit surpassing that of this district, either in size, 
 quality or attractiveness of color. They will never overlook the district 
 again. The poorest rocky hills of Southeast Missouri, under reasonable 
 
MISSOURI. 93 
 
 care, will yield large crops of apples, pears, plums, cherries, grapes or 
 other small fruits, and enough peaches can be grown in the district to 
 supply several cities. The profits realized from the only systematically 
 managed orchard in the district, which is also the largest in the State, 
 proved clearly that, acre for acre, fruit growing pays better than any 
 other farm effort and is about equal in profits to most gardens. The fruits 
 that yield the largest profits and lead in quality are, of apples, Ben 
 Davis, Grimes' Golden, Willow-twig, Winesap, and Jonathan; of pears, 
 Bartlet, Seckel and Duchesse D'Angouleme ; of plums, any of the best 
 known varieties, and peaches the same. Only the sour or Morello 
 cherries succeed here. The heart cherries do not pay. Of the small 
 fruits, grapes thrive and produce delicious fruit in all the hill regions, 
 also gooseberries, raspberries and blackberries. Currants sometimes 
 pay, but not always. In the average of years, probably apples, pears, 
 grapes and strawberries will be the most profitable of the fruits. Straw- 
 berries now yield good returns in Bollinger, Cape Girardeau, Stoddard, 
 Madison, Iron, St. Francois and Butler counties. Direct railway lines to 
 St. Louis, Chicago and Northern cities ensure a constant and increasing 
 market for all small fruits. The western counties of the district have an 
 almost unlimited market for all their fruits in Kansas City, St. Joseph 
 and Northwestern cities and regions. The demand has been so great 
 and the prices so favorable, that no fruit from those counties need be 
 shipped to St. Louis, or is likely to be for many years to come. 
 
 TIMBER AND TIMBER PRODUCTS. 
 
 Nearly the entire district was covered with forests of pine in the 
 higher hills, and a large variety of timber in the lower hills, valleys and 
 bottoms. The pine is all of the yellow variety, soft and hard, the latter 
 predominating. These pineries yet cover about half a million acres, but 
 are mostly under control of sawmill owners. They daily turn out many 
 hundreds of thousands of feet of superior lumber, most of which is 
 shipped to Northern markets. Oak is in about twenty known varieties, 
 nearly all of great value, and all at least useful. Ash, poplar, gum, elm, 
 walnut, cypress, hickory, tupelo, maple, basswood, catalpa, cottonwood, 
 hackberry, pecan, cherry, beech, box elder, sycamore, ironwood, dog- 
 wood, and many other valuable woods grow in great luxuriance. The 
 lumbering interests include investments of millions of dollars in 
 
94 MISSOURI. 
 
 machinery, logs and lands, and will be profitable for many years, as not 
 half of the timber is exhausted. Good oak, gum and hickory lands can 
 be bought at reasonable or even low prices, but they are being rapidly 
 bought by lumbermen and speculators. The best timbered lands now 
 open to purchase are in the bottom counties. 
 
 COMB AND SEE 11 
 
 Words 'cannot fully describe any country. He who wants a home 
 should not only compare the inducements offered, before making up his 
 mind, but he should finally determine his choice by personal inspection, 
 before a dollar is paid. He should know that the title is good. Some 
 one has the title to each tract and in most cases it can easily be learned 
 by investigation. Speculators can afford to buy doubtful titles, some- 
 times, but that is not the true policy for farmers. There is plenty of land 
 to be had in every county, at low prices with unquestionable title. The 
 man who will not produce a clear abstract is generally unsafe to deal 
 with. To every one who has read these hints on Southeast Missouri, we 
 give the same advice : Come and See 1 1 Reading is sometimes believing, 
 but seeing is knowing. The visitor will find that the statements above 
 are not overdrawn or misleading. There is no need for misleading any 
 one. This pamphlet is published, not to sell lands, but to induce good 
 people to cast their lot in Missouri. In the course of events this district 
 will be settled, rich and prosperous. We simply wish to hasten the pro- 
 cess and realize the advantages of a developed country. It is not mere 
 numbers that are desired, but good neighbors, industrious men. There 
 are many holders of large tracts of land who will sell at reasonable prices 
 and on fair terms. It is cheaper and infinitely better for an industrious 
 man with a few hundred dollars to buy than to rent. A common mis- 
 take, however, is buying too much. 160 acres is as much as any farmer 
 with only his family to help and care for, ought to buy, unless he has 
 money to spare to speculate on. A small farm of 80 acres well tilled, will 
 pay better than 160 acres, skinned over. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 The following statistics, showing, by counties, the commodities 
 marketed by rail, river and express in the State of Missouri during the 
 year 1891, is taken from the oflScial map prepared by Willard C. Hall, 
 Esq., Labor Commissioner. 
 
 The abbreviations "c & b" stand for crates and baskets. 
 
 ADAIR. 
 
 Cattle head, 4342 
 
 Hogs head, 18360 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 540 
 
 Sheep head, 402 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 11 
 
 Wheat bush, 28074 
 
 Corn bush, 66284 
 
 Oats bush, 101989 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 12 
 
 Hay cars, 119 
 
 Ties ties, 84400 
 
 Coal tons, 7614 
 
 Shaved hoops cars, 80 
 
 Poultry lbs, 208528 
 
 Butter lbs, 112937 
 
 Eggs doz, 250170 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 160 
 Small fruit c & b, 308 
 
 ANDREW. 
 
 Cattle head, 8140 
 
 Hogs head, 34860 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 800 
 
 Sheep head, 240 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 2 
 
 Wheat bush, 95788 
 
 Corn bush, 12180 
 
 Other grain cars, 28 
 
 Fruits and vegetables, 
 
 cars, 177 
 
 Wood cords, 3912 
 
 Flour bbls,6000 
 
 Poultry lbs, 75132 
 
 Butter lbs, 25235 
 
 Eg.2:s doz, 28740 
 
 Cheese.. "". lbs, 28665 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 203 
 
 ATCHISON. 
 
 Cattle head, 30260 
 
 Hogs head, 47220 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 160 
 
 Sheep head, 2800 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 5 
 
 Wheat bush, 129376 
 
 Corn bush, 677440 
 
 Oats bush, 18720 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 19 
 
 Other shipments . . cars, 27 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 2099 
 
 Apples bbls, 93608 
 
 Poultry lbs, 23200 
 
 Butter lbs, 6229 
 
 Eggs doz, 18450 
 
 AUDRAIN. 
 
 Cattle head, 12280 
 
 Hogs head, 46020 
 
 Horses and mules, 
 
 head, 5180 
 
 Sheep head, 12080 
 
 Mixed live stock. cars, 115 
 
 Wheat bush, 176648 
 
 Corn bush, 228520 
 
 Oats bush, 1075360 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 4 
 
 Hay cars,481 
 
 Flax cars, 39 
 
 Flour bbls, 25500 
 
 Fire brick cars, 1064 
 
 Lumber cars, 90 
 
 Coal tons, 2790 
 
 Lime bbls, 24360 
 
 Wool lbs, 424450 
 
 Poultry lbs, 765019 
 
 Butter lbs, 68328 
 
 Eggs doz, 326220 
 
 Other shipments. cars. 111 
 Small fruit c&b, 287 
 
 BARRY. 
 
 Cattle head, 220 
 
 Hogs head, 2340 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 140 
 
 Sheep head, 720 
 
 Mixed live stock. cars, 163 
 
 Wheat bush, 183490 
 
 Corn bush, 40600 
 
 Oats bush, 8320 
 
 Hay cars, 8 
 
 Flour bbls, 9450 
 
 Ties ties, 30400 
 
 Cotton bales, 230 
 
 Potatoes bbls, 12240 
 
 Wood cords, 5088 
 
 Poultry lbs, 110135 
 
 Butter lbs, 5069 
 
 Eggs doz, 116790 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 315 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 1142 
 
 Apples bbls, 2024 
 
 Zinc tons, 120 
 
 BARTON. 
 
 Cattle head, 9700 
 
 Hogs head, 24180 
 
 Horses & mules . head,1064 
 
 Sheep head, 240 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 25 
 
 Wheat bush, 19282 
 
 Corn bush, 88750 
 
 Oats.. bush, 71760 
 
 Hav cars, 1919 
 
 Apples bbls, 9936 
 
 Coal tons, 169290 
 
 Seed cars, 63 
 
 Poultry lbs, 90726 
 
 Eggs doz, 54180 
 
 Butter lbs, 26456 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 646 
 Small fruit... c&b, 22212 
 
 Strawberries cars, 1 
 
 Game lbs, 14990 
 
96 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 BATES. 
 
 Cattle head, 14720 
 
 Hogs head, 39780 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 903 
 
 Sheep head, 480 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 55 
 
 Wheat bush, 188599 
 
 Corn bush, 120667 
 
 Oats bush, 82416 
 
 Hay cars, 293 
 
 Flax cars, 177 
 
 Flour bbls, 16200 
 
 Apples bbls, 10175 
 
 Coal tons, 1031976 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 405 
 
 Poultry lbs, 435368 
 
 Butter. lbs, 46590 
 
 Eggs doz, 291690 
 
 Small fruit c&b, 2804 
 
 Hides lbs, 106536 
 
 Cheese lbs, 43150 
 
 BENTON. 
 
 Cattle head, 3660 
 
 Hogs head, 38220 
 
 Sheep head, 1840 
 
 Mixed live stock. . cars, 46 
 
 Wheat bush, 131924 
 
 Corn bush, 27260 
 
 Oats bush, 31200 
 
 Flax cars, 41 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 4 
 
 Lead ore tons, 80 
 
 Ties ties, 33800 
 
 Wood cords, 612 
 
 Hoops cars, 27 
 
 Apples bbls, 1104 
 
 Poultry lbs, 124234 
 
 Butter lbs, 6860 
 
 Eggs doz, 120180 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 105 
 
 Wool lbs, 16346 
 
 Hides lbs, 34261 
 
 BOLLINGER. 
 
 Cattle head, 660 
 
 Hogs head, 1860 
 
 Mixed live stock, cars, 25 
 
 Sheep head, 640 
 
 Corn bush, 580 
 
 AVheat bush, 31834 
 
 Hub lumber cars, 10 
 
 Ties ties, 57400 
 
 Staves cars, 457 
 
 Lumber cars, 80 
 
 Strawberries cars, 8 
 
 Piling cars, 24 
 
 Butter lbs, 1491 
 
 Poultry lbs, 92594 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 132 
 
 Eggs doz, 71100 
 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 6751 
 
 Bollinger— Continued. 
 
 Wool lbs, 11677 
 
 Dried fruit lbs, 79117 
 
 Hides lbs, 27213 
 
 Logs . . cars, 52 
 
 BOONE. 
 
 Cattle head, 11720 
 
 Hogs head, 45526 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 2183 
 
 Sheep head, 5937 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 25 
 
 Wheat bush, 249386 
 
 Corn bush, 2900 
 
 Oats bush, 113408 
 
 Hay cars, 15 
 
 Flour bbls, 14850 
 
 Ties ties, 41200 
 
 Apples bbls, 343 
 
 Wool lbs, 122636 
 
 Poultry lbs, 904284 
 
 Butter lbs, 16536 
 
 Eggs doz, 374790 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 132 
 
 Hoop poles cars, 71 
 
 Feathers lbs, 3650 
 
 Hides lbs, 29650 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 4 
 
 Clover seed.. ..bush, 576 
 
 BUCHANAN. 
 
 Cattle head, 4063 
 
 Hogs head, 22650 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 580 
 
 Sheep head, 5920 
 
 Wheat bush, 379420 
 
 Corn bush, 356720 
 
 Oats bush, 44792 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 178 
 
 Flour bbls, 42750 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 217 
 
 Fruits and vegetables, 
 
 cars, 194 
 
 Brick cars, 1164 
 
 Poultry lbs, 7460 
 
 Butter lbs, 107649 
 
 Eggs doz, 8910 
 
 Other shipments. cars,4317 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 14235 
 Cheese lbs, 3630 
 
 BUTLER. 
 
 Cattle head, 80 
 
 Hogs head, 304 
 
 Corn bush, 580 
 
 Lumber cars, 983 
 
 Ties ties, 54000 
 
 Staves cars, 878 
 
 Piling cars, 98 
 
 Bolts cars, 41 
 
 Baskets cars, 17 
 
 Eggs doz, 6690 
 
 Hides lbs, 49495 
 
 Butler— Continued. 
 
 Tallow lbs, 18120 
 
 Ice (6 cars).... lbs, 122245 
 Small fruit ....c&b, 209 
 Other shipments. cars, 125 
 
 CALLAWAY. 
 
 Cattle.. head, 4086 
 
 Hogs head, 18574 
 
 Sheep head, 6162 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 667 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 34 
 
 Wheat bush, 83408 
 
 Corn bush, 2660 
 
 Oats bush, 34561 
 
 Hay cars, 6 
 
 Flour bbls, 6550 
 
 Fire brick cars, 632 
 
 Ties ties, 159600 
 
 Lime bbls, 28420 
 
 Coal tons, 558 
 
 Apples bbls, 485 
 
 Poultry lbs, 314146 
 
 Butter lbs, 1150 
 
 Eggs doz, 73680 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 70 
 Small fruit c&b, 432 
 
 CALDWELL. 
 
 Cattle head, 14221 
 
 Hogs head, 50040 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 1420 
 
 Sheep head, 2160 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 39 
 
 Wheat bush, 55980 
 
 Corn bush, 44080 
 
 Other grains cars, 12 
 
 Apples bbls, 5365 
 
 Oats bush, 61360 
 
 Wool lbs, 320000 
 
 Coal tons, 5328 
 
 Flour bbls, 8700 
 
 Poultry lbs, 406666 
 
 Butter lbs, 93379 
 
 Eggs doz, 145020 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 125 
 Small fruit c&b, 447 
 
 CAMDEN. 
 
 Cattle head, 480 
 
 Hogs head, 1800 
 
 Sheep head, 400 
 
 Mixed live stock . .cars, 42 
 
 Wheat bush, 1244 
 
 Oats bush, 1040 
 
 Lumber cars, 16 
 
 Apples bbls, 362 
 
 Stone cars, 26 
 
 Poultry lbs, 11372 
 
 Butter lbs, 300 
 
 Eggs doz, 14070 
 
 Game lbs, 17657 
 
 Dried fruit lbs, 1235 
 
COMMODITIES MARKETED 1891. 
 
 97 
 
 CAPE GIRARDEAU. 
 
 Cattle head, 1020 
 
 Hogs head, 4164 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 81 
 
 Sheep head, 1120 
 
 Mixed live stock. . .cars, 7 
 
 Wheat bush, 105258 
 
 Corn bush, 5500 
 
 Oats bush, 200 
 
 Hav cars, 11 
 
 Flour bbls, 219000 
 
 Lumber cars, 188 
 
 Staves cars, 129 
 
 Wood cords, 677 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 26 
 
 Poultry lbs, 267159 
 
 Butter lbs, 6501 
 
 Eggs ...doz, 131670 
 
 Ties ties, 4677 
 
 Apples bbls, 448 
 
 Dried fruit. . .lbs, 226425 
 Other shipments, cars, 295 
 
 CARROLL. 
 
 Cattle head, 20868 
 
 Hogs head, 55110 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 530 
 
 Sheep head, 720 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 13 
 
 Wheat bush, 1122914 
 
 Corn bush, 106144 
 
 Oats bush, 48880 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 7 
 
 Lumber cars, 580 
 
 Apples bbls, 3686 
 
 Flour bbls, 29100 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 22 
 
 Stone cars, 145 
 
 Tobacco cars, 1 8 
 
 Poultry lbs, 238468 
 
 Butter lbs, 72937 
 
 Eggs doz, 37470 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 136 
 Small fruit c & b, 879 
 
 CARTER. 
 
 Cattle head, 220 
 
 Hogs head, 240 
 
 Oats bush, 1040 
 
 Corn bush, 1160 
 
 Hay cars, 3 
 
 Lumber cars, 3632 
 
 Ties ties, 12400 
 
 Wood cords, 60 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 18 
 
 Poultry lbs, 250 
 
 Eggs doz, 300 
 
 Hides lbs, 6600 
 
 CASS. 
 
 Cattle head, 14666 
 
 Hogs head, 35400 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 600 
 
 Sheep head, 1280 
 
 Mixed live stock, cars, 811 
 
 Wheat bush, 537445 
 
 Corn bush, 358482 
 
 Oats bush, 116610 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 16 
 
 Hay cars, 338 
 
 Flax cars, 93 
 
 Apples bbls, 11100 
 
 Brick cars, 100 
 
 Flour bbls, 4350 
 
 Poultry lbs, 412902 
 
 Butter lbs, 92648 
 
 Eggs doz, 177960 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 367 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 549 
 
 Game lbs, 32944 
 
 Hides lbs, 48249 
 
 CHARITON. 
 
 Cattle head, 9960 
 
 Hogs head, 34440 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 500 
 
 Sheep head, 800 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 24 
 
 Wheat bush, 623244 
 
 Corn bush, 59160 
 
 Oats bush, 29120 
 
 Tobacco cars, 118 
 
 Canned goods cars, 15 
 
 Flour bbls, 14850 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 23 
 
 Poultrv lbs, 164297 
 
 Eggs . .* doz, 113520 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 178 
 
 Small fruit c <fe b, 116 
 
 Butter lbs, 34581 
 
 Apples bbls, 700 
 
 Game lbs, 7556 
 
 Timothy seed, .bush, 4797 
 
 Fish lbs, 7033 
 
 Hides lbs, 11525 
 
 CHRISTIAN. 
 
 Cattle head, 1000 
 
 Hogs head, 5220 
 
 Horses & mules, .head, 20 
 
 Sheep head, 1680 
 
 Mixed live stock, cars, 151 
 
 Wheat bush, 216503 
 
 Corn bush, 16820 
 
 AVood cords, 4932 
 
 Ties ties, 19000 
 
 Cotton balps,2521 
 
 Lead ore ions, 90 
 
 Poultry lbs, 700305 
 
 Butter lbs, 2948 
 
 Eggs doz, 234840 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 131 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 3513 
 
 Coal props cars, 112 
 
 CLARK. 
 
 Cattle head, 5503 
 
 Hogs head, 19763 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 564 
 
 Sheep head, 836 
 
 Mixed live stock . . . cars, 2 
 
 Wheat bush, 185511 
 
 Corn bush, 319000 
 
 Oats bush, 319173 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 38 
 
 Hay cars, 176 
 
 Rye bush, 4372 
 
 Timothy seed, .bush, 1111 
 
 Pickles cars, 131 
 
 Wood cords, 1968 
 
 Poultry lbs, 685165 
 
 Butter lbs, 34052 
 
 Eg:gs doz, 126030 
 
 Hides lbs, 126490 
 
 Potatoes bbls, 509 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 408 
 Small fruit c & b, 327 
 
 CLAY. 
 
 Cattle head, 15222 
 
 Hogs head, 44681 
 
 Horses & mules,head, 2100 
 
 Sheep head, 4080 
 
 Mixed live stock . . cars, 33 
 
 Wheat bush, 108278 
 
 Corn bush, 24360 
 
 Oats bush, 7713 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 51 
 
 Flour bbls, 10500 
 
 Brick cars, 179 
 
 Wood cords, 1704 
 
 Apples bbls, 3515 
 
 Poultry. lbs, 122076 
 
 Axe handles 465923 
 
 Butter lbs, 79463 
 
 Eggs doz, 90720 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 378 
 
 Mineral water cars, 53 
 
 Small fruit... .c&b, 395 
 
 Hides lbs, 116590 
 
 Fish lbs, 8810 
 
 Wool lbs, 40122 
 
 CLINTON. 
 
 Cattle head, 16300 
 
 Hogs head, 49087 
 
 Horses & mules,head,1060 
 
 Sheep head, 2414 
 
 Mixed live stock . . . cars, 4 
 
 Wheat bush, 8086 
 
 Oats bush, 41642 
 
 Corn bush, 670 
 
 Hay cars, 10 
 
 Flour bbls, 7200 
 
 Lumber & wood .cars, 575 
 
 Poultry lbs, 226777 
 
 Eggs doz, 20730 
 
 Butter lbs, 24943 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 101 
 Small fruit c&b, 1756 
 
MISSOURI. 
 
 COLE. 
 
 Cattle head, 901 
 
 Hogs head, 10762 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 106 
 
 Sheep head, 777 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 47 
 
 Wheat bush, 279883 
 
 Corn bush, 1160 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 2 
 
 Flour bbls, 72150 
 
 Ship stuff ..... . .cars, 105 
 
 Building brick.. cars, 149 
 
 Ties ties, 307000 
 
 Apples bbls, 370 
 
 Wood cords, 768 
 
 Poultry lbs, 07475 
 
 Tiff cars, 80 
 
 Butter lbs, 62876 
 
 Eggs doz, 145350 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 122 
 Small fruit . . c & b, 2931 
 
 COOPER. 
 
 Cattle head, 6637 
 
 Hogs head, 37923 
 
 H orses & mules . . head,633 
 
 Sheep head, 3200 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 71 
 
 Wheat bush, 872396 
 
 Corn bush, 88352 
 
 Oats bush, 15911 
 
 Hay car, 1 
 
 Flour bbls, 29850 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 35 
 
 Ties ties, 20800 
 
 Wood cords, 2136 
 
 Apples bbls, 2220 
 
 Coal tons, 396 
 
 Poultry lbs, 217008 
 
 Butter lbs, 15660 
 
 Eggs doz, 144840 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 976 
 Small fruit c & b, 165 
 
 CRAWFORD. 
 
 Cattle head, 401 
 
 Hogs head, 1140 
 
 Horses & mules, .head, 80 
 
 Sheep head, 1680 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 34 
 
 Wheat bush, 123778 
 
 Oats bush, 1040 
 
 Flour bbls, 2280 
 
 Iron ore tons, 28314 
 
 Pig iron tons, 15264 
 
 Apples bbls, 2944 
 
 Poultry lbs, 272570 
 
 Butter lbs, 2993 
 
 Eggs doz, 218580 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 169 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 230 
 
 Onyx cars, 6 
 
 Wool lbs, 59135 
 
 Crawford— Continued. 
 
 Hides lbs, 82828 
 
 Lumber cars, 8 
 
 Ties ties, 3200 
 
 Dried fruit. .. .lbs, 125000 
 
 DADE. 
 
 Cattle head, 2660 
 
 Hogs head, 12840 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 360 
 
 Wheat bush, 132486 
 
 Oats bush, 50960 
 
 Hay cars, 164 
 
 Apples bbls, 2775 
 
 Lime bbls, 85400 
 
 Flour bbls, 17250 
 
 Lead and zinc. ..tons, 36 
 
 Poultry lbs, 131415 
 
 Butter lbs, 13237 
 
 Eggs..., doz, G0630 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 197 
 
 Game lbs, 16505 
 
 Small fruit crates, 55 
 
 DAVIESS. 
 
 Cattle head, 10940 
 
 Hogs head, S7320 
 
 Horses &mules,head, 1203 
 
 Sheep head, 2320 
 
 Mixed live stock, cars, 78 
 
 Wheat bush, 19912 
 
 Corn bush, 9883 
 
 Oats bush, 15718 
 
 Mixed grain. cars, 7 
 
 Wood cords, 2604 
 
 Apples bbls, 15725 
 
 Flour bbls, 8550 
 
 Timothy seed, bush, 12888 
 
 Poultry lbs, 925404 
 
 Butter lbs, 47773 
 
 Eggs doz, 76500 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 196 
 Small fruit c & b, 59 
 
 DENT. 
 
 Cattle head, 1120 
 
 Hogs head, 1500 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 20 
 
 Sheep head, 1040 
 
 Mixed live stock, cars, 52 
 
 Wheat bush, 94544 
 
 Lumber c-irs, 109 
 
 Apples bbls, 1656 
 
 Iron ore tons, 4464 
 
 Pig iron tons, 10062 
 
 Ties ties, 69000 
 
 Poultry lbs, 85275 
 
 Eggs ....doz, 51270 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 49 
 
 Coal. tons, 324 
 
 Charcoal cars, 20 
 
 Junk ... cars, 2 
 
 Building brick cars, 5 
 
 DE KALB. 
 
 Cattle head, 7380 
 
 Hogs head, 28320 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 285 
 Mixed live stock, cars, 11 
 
 AVheat bush, 7564 
 
 Corn bush, 67874 
 
 Oats bush, 26525 
 
 Flour bbls, 5400 
 
 Apples bbls, 9060 
 
 Wood cords, 996 
 
 Poultry lbs, 437770 
 
 Butter lbs, 43844 
 
 Eggs doz, 15180 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 326 
 Small fruit.... c & b, 345 
 
 DUNKLIN. 
 
 Cattle head, 740 
 
 Hogs head, 1020 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 3 
 
 Wheat bush, 6220 
 
 Corn bush, 18560 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 164 
 
 Flour bbls, 300 
 
 Cotton bales, 15433 
 
 Cotton seed cars, 557 
 
 Lumber cars, 959 
 
 Staves cars, 614 
 
 Fish lbs, 72000 
 
 Water melons cars, 8 
 
 Peaches bask, 60 
 
 Poultry lbs, 9000 
 
 Eggs doz, 10620 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 80 
 Bacon lbs, 2640 
 
 FRANKLIN. 
 
 Cattle head, 6153 
 
 Hogs head, 15264 
 
 Horses &muleSj head, 424 
 
 Calves head, 378 
 
 Mixed live stock, cars, 315 
 
 Sheep head, 1754 
 
 Wheat bush, 1183349 
 
 Corn bush, 94653 
 
 Oats bush, 3120 
 
 Hay cars, 3 
 
 Flour bbls, 84000 
 
 Wood cords, 9492 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 110 
 
 Apples bbls, 7484 
 
 Gravel cars, 1^43 
 
 Sand cars, 748 
 
 Poultry lbs, 613179 
 
 Butter. lbs, 205940 
 
 Eggs doz, 999180 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 655 
 Small fruit... c & b, 3651 
 
COMMODITIES MARKETED 1891. 
 
 99 
 
 GASCONADE. 
 
 Cattle head, 460 
 
 Ho2;s head, 5954 
 
 Sheep head, 333 
 
 Mixed live stock . . ears, 4 
 
 Wheat bush, 459554 
 
 Corn bush, 39908 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 6 
 
 Flour bbls, 21300 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 20 
 
 Ties ties, 153800 
 
 Apples bbls, 1531 
 
 Wine cars, 84 
 
 Poultry lbs, 149789 
 
 Butter lbs, 17153 
 
 Eifgs doz, 455460 
 
 Other shipments . . cars, 63 
 Small fruit....c&b, 3088 
 
 Wool lbs, 24426 
 
 Hides lbs, 67338 
 
 Tallow lbs, 17079 
 
 GENTRY. 
 
 Cattle head, 12444 
 
 Hogs head, 39180 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 450 
 
 Sheep head, 960 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 30 
 
 Wheat bush, 8086 
 
 Corn bush, 12213 
 
 Oats bush, 27040 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 11 
 
 Apples bbls, 8140 
 
 Wood cords, 4752 
 
 Poultry lbs, 152978 
 
 Butter lbs, 46986 
 
 Eggs doz, 3601)0 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 332 
 Small fruit....c&b, 1624 
 
 Wool lbs, 7700 
 
 Tobacco lbs, 1480 
 
 GREENE. 
 
 Cattle head, 4165 
 
 Hogs head, 17100 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 2561 
 
 Sheep head, 8640 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 212 
 
 Wheat bush, 236982 
 
 Corn bush, 58000 
 
 Oats bush, 31200 
 
 Flour bbls, 134443 
 
 Hay cars, 21 
 
 Apples bbls, 8096 
 
 Fruit Cifeb, 12120 
 
 Poultry lbs, 266840 
 
 Lime bbls, 212660 
 
 Butter lbs, 12217 
 
 Eggs doz, 224070 
 
 Lumber cars, 31 
 
 Greene— Continued. 
 
 Wood cords, 6696 
 
 Stone cars, 215 
 
 Iron ore tons, 108 
 
 Pig iron tons, 18 
 
 Cotton bales, 851 
 
 Lead & zinc tons, 1314 
 
 Other shipments, 
 
 cars, 1390 
 
 GRUNDY. 
 
 Cattle head, 10610 
 
 Hogs head, 28800 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 440 
 
 Sheep head, 1840 
 
 Mixed live stock. . .cars, 2 
 
 Wheat bush, 3110 
 
 Corn bush, 2350 
 
 Oats bush, 18720 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 3 
 
 Apples bbls, 7030 
 
 Ties ties, 6600 
 
 Poultry lbs, 153058 
 
 Butter lbs, 15921 
 
 Eggs doz, 51450 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 192 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 1149 
 Cheese lbs, 30795 
 
 HARRISON. 
 
 Cuttle head. 11360 
 
 Hogs head^ 37440 
 
 Sheep head, 1260 
 
 Wheat bush, 1244 
 
 Corn bush, 107880 
 
 Oats bush, 95680 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 21 
 
 Lumber cars, 14 
 
 Poultrv lbs, 131183 
 
 Butter'. lbs, 5113 
 
 Eggs doz, 3570 
 
 Furs lbs, 1476 
 
 Meat lbs, 1812 
 
 Game lbs, 325 
 
 Raspberries c&b, 7 
 
 HENRY. 
 
 Cattle head, 18321 
 
 Hogs head, 40800 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 585 
 
 Sheep head, 1520 
 
 Mixed stock caVs, 377 
 
 Wheat bush, 732100 
 
 Corn bush, 1380980 
 
 Oats bush, 264160 
 
 Hay cars, 604 
 
 Flax cars, 142 
 
 Flour bbls, 100345 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 30 
 
 Apples bbls, 11952 
 
 Fruits c & b, 268 
 
 Poultry lbs, 240699 
 
 Henry— Continued. 
 
 Wool lbs, 7995 
 
 Eggs doz, 332550 
 
 Butter lbs, 64762 
 
 Coal tons, 82548 
 
 Wood cords, 2628 
 
 Lumber cars, 20 
 
 Sewer pipe cars, 790 
 
 Clay cars, 285 
 
 Fire brick cars, 250 
 
 Stone cars, 62 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 642 
 
 HOLT. 
 
 Cattle head, 17660 
 
 Hogs head, 32880 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 1620 
 
 Sheep head, 880 
 
 Wheat bush, 186600 
 
 Corn bush, 348580 
 
 Oats bush, 7280 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 13 
 
 Apples bbls, 67340 
 
 Rve bush, 5236 
 
 Wood cords, 8712 
 
 Canned goods cars, 29 
 
 Poultrv lbs, 515175 
 
 Butter lbs, 7792 
 
 Eggs doz, 39540 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 251 
 Small fruit., c&b, 14826 
 
 HOWARD. 
 
 Cattle head, 4071 
 
 Hogs head, 33702 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 545 
 
 Sheep head, 3600 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 21 
 
 Wheat bush, 332789 
 
 Corn bush, 18612 
 
 Oats bush, 2080 
 
 Mixed grain ... . cars, 1 
 
 Flour bbls, 51750 
 
 Sbip stuff cars, 29 
 
 Tobacco cars, 42 
 
 Wood cords, 660 
 
 Ties ties, 2200 
 
 Apples bbls, 1668 
 
 Poultry lbs, 154680 
 
 Butter lbs, 15954 
 
 Wool lbs, 63404 
 
 Eggs doz, 44070 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 175 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 1188 
 
 HOWELL. 
 
 Cattle head, 2320 
 
 Hogs head, 3300 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 920 
 
 Wheat bush, 31722 
 
 Corn bush, 5800 
 
 Oats bush, 1040 
 
100 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 Howell— Continued. 
 
 Hay cars, 38 
 
 Flour bbls, 2040 
 
 Cotton bales, 1150 
 
 Lead tons, 72 
 
 Iron ore tons, 2754 
 
 Lumber ears, 705 
 
 Ties ties, 43400 
 
 Fruit cars, 36 
 
 Poultry... lbs, 240044 
 
 Eggs doz, 190S66 
 
 Butter lbs, 4112 
 
 Small fruit... c&b, 61331 
 Other shipments. cars, 127 
 
 IRON. 
 
 Cattle head, 1280 
 
 Hogs head, 1560 
 
 Horses & mules .head, 20 
 
 Sheep head, 320 
 
 Mixed stock ears, 2 
 
 Wheat bush, 1866 
 
 Flour bbls, 15401 
 
 Hav car, 1 
 
 Poultry lbs, 29205 
 
 Butter lbs, 1838 
 
 Eggs doz, 46830 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 35 
 
 Wood cords, 576 
 
 Apples bbls, 185 
 
 Lumber cars, 2070 
 
 Ties ties, 22400 
 
 Piling ears, 317 
 
 Granite— building, 
 paving, spalls, cars, 1093 
 
 Iron ore tons, 5706 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 79 
 
 JACKSON. 
 
 Cattle head, 20100 
 
 Hogs head, 37681 
 
 Horses & mules. head,2865 
 
 Sheep head, 5419 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 50 
 
 Wheat bush, 317842 
 
 Corn bush, 68460 
 
 Oats bush, 31275 
 
 Hay cars, 119 
 
 Flour bbls, 1245110 
 
 Wood cords, 2028 
 
 Apples bbls, 18920 
 
 Building brick, .cars, 1758 
 
 Paving brick cars, 174 
 
 Sewer pipe cars, 2380 
 
 Poultrv lbs, 924:i0 
 
 Butter. lbs, 4;is40 
 
 Eggs doz, 67150 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 778 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 2803 
 
 JASPER. 
 
 Cattle head, 2168 
 
 Hogs head, 9900 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 640 
 
 Sheep head, 80 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 16 
 
 Wheat bush, 261240 
 
 Corn bush, 12760 
 
 Oats bush, 14601 
 
 Hav cars, 250 
 
 Flour bbls, 252187 
 
 Flax cars, 46 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 129 
 
 Building brick. . .cars, 123 
 
 Wood cords, 1848 
 
 Apples bbls, 4251 
 
 Lead & zinc. . .tons, 94728 
 
 White lead cars, 187 
 
 Spelter ....cars, 163 
 
 Lime bbls, 72520 
 
 Other shipments. cars,2869 
 
 Strawberries cars, 29 
 
 Hides lbs, 440000 
 
 Poultry lbs, 297745 
 
 Butter lbs, ]5 21 
 
 Eo-irs doz, 28500 
 
 Small fruit... c&b, 13011 
 
 JEFFERSON. 
 
 Cattle head, 4795 
 
 Tlogs head, 4016 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 191 
 
 Sheep head, 415 
 
 Calves head, 329 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 10 
 
 Wheat bush, 200219 
 
 Corn bush, 592 
 
 Hay cars, 22 
 
 Wood cords, 5784 
 
 Flour bbls, 8550 
 
 Lime bbls, 87500 
 
 Apples bbls, 646 
 
 Gravel cars, 225 
 
 I'late glass cars 179 
 
 Milk gals, 482227 
 
 Poultrv lbs, 11989 
 
 Butter lbs, 289-. 
 
 Eggs doz, 15000 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 973 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 1327 
 
 JOHNSON. 
 
 Cattle head, 15440 
 
 Hogs head, 54600 
 
 Horses &mules.head, 1640 
 
 Sheep head, 4000 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 67 
 
 Wheat bush, 1255226 
 
 Corn bush, 885177 
 
 Oats bush, 203878 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 5 
 
 Hay cars, 136 
 
 Flax cars, 10 
 
 Johnson— Continued. 
 
 Flour bbls, 25619 
 
 Apples bbls, 8096 
 
 Small fruit c&b, 166 
 
 Stone cars, 515 
 
 Coal tons, 9648 
 
 Clay cars, 498 
 
 Poultry........ lbs, 261646 
 
 Eggs doz, 191370 
 
 Butter lbs, 33178 
 
 Wool lbs, 26105 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 176 
 
 KNOX. 
 
 Cattle head, 5080 
 
 Hogs head, 18600 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 625 
 
 Sheep head, 1520 
 
 M ixed stock cars, 8 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 11 
 
 Wheat bush, 41674 
 
 Corn bush, 16260 
 
 Oats bush, 140400 
 
 Rye bush, 8873 
 
 Hay cars, 199 
 
 Flour bbls, 402 
 
 Lumber cars, 21 
 
 Wool lbs, 83350 
 
 Poultry lbs, 93701 
 
 Eo-gs doz, 96240 
 
 Butter lbs, 56467 
 
 Small fruit c&b, 20 
 
 Apples bbls, 185 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 152 
 
 LACLEDE. 
 
 Cattle head, 1020 
 
 Hoirs head, 4680 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 310 
 
 Sheep head, 1920 
 
 Mixe.;! stock. . . .cars, 155 
 
 Wheat bush, 173538 
 
 Hav cars, 15 
 
 Flour bbls, 6341 
 
 Apples bbls 6105 
 
 Small fruit c&b, 12 
 
 Lumber cars, 20 
 
 Wool lbs, 7300 
 
 Poultrv lbs, 277474 
 
 Butter. lbs, 2469 
 
 Eggs doz, 216750 
 
 Lead ore tons, 20 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 43 
 
 AVood cords, 180 
 
 Ties ties, 400 
 
 Game lbs, 61880 
 
 LA FAYETTE. 
 
 Cattle head, 11646 
 
 Hogs head, 35844 
 
 Horses & mules . head, 8C6 
 
 Sheep head, 2320 
 
 Mixed live stock. cars, 144 
 
COMMODITIES MARKETED 1891. 
 
 101 
 
 La Fayette— Continued. 
 
 Wheat bush, 1250432 
 
 Corn bush, 478282 
 
 Oats bush, 27270 
 
 Hay cars, 6 
 
 Mixed grain car, 1 
 
 Flour bbls, 158400 
 
 Coal tons, 454608 
 
 Apples bbls, 9225 
 
 Wood ..cords, 1428 
 
 Meal . . . cars, 18 
 
 Poultry lbs, 350406 
 
 Butter .lbs, 192566 
 
 Eggs doz, 224520 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 375 
 Small fruit c & b, 439 
 
 LAWRENCE. 
 
 Cattle head, 1440 
 
 Hogs head, 5580 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 140 
 
 Sheep head, 880 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 56 
 
 Wheat bush, 202472 
 
 Corn bush, 1753 
 
 Oats bush, 2080 
 
 Flour bbls, 95079 
 
 Lead & zinc. . .tons, 13620 
 
 Poultry lbs, 359605 
 
 Butter lbs, 8585 
 
 Eggs doz, 2&4600 
 
 Small fruit c&b,772 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 113 
 
 Sand cars, 129 
 
 Lime bbls, 33460 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 71 
 
 LEWIS. 
 
 Cattle head, 2967 
 
 Hogs head, 22311 
 
 Horses & mules . head, 922 
 
 Sheep... head, 2968 
 
 Wheat bush, 182484 
 
 Corn bush, 41162 
 
 Oats bush, 152854 
 
 Hay cars, 770 
 
 Flour bbls, 24900 
 
 Lumber cars, 808 
 
 Ties ties, 96200 
 
 AVood cords, 2964 
 
 Hoops cars, 42 
 
 Pickles cars, 36 
 
 Poultry lbs, 206888 
 
 Butter lbs, 18367 
 
 Eggs doz, 97860 
 
 Wool lbs, 63687 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 77 
 Small fruit....c&b, 2200 
 
 LINCOLN. 
 
 Cattle head, 2063 
 
 Hogs head, 15283 
 
 Horses & mules. heasl, 284 
 Sheep head, 1478 
 
 Lincoln— Continued. 
 Mixed live stock, cars, 283 
 
 Wheat bush, 553732 
 
 Corn bush, 2920 
 
 Oats .bush, 65540 
 
 Hay cars, 71 
 
 Flax cars, 5 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 7 
 
 Lumber cars, 102 
 
 Ties ties, 36000 
 
 AVood cords, 612 
 
 Apples bbls, 1117 
 
 Poultry lbs, 517834 
 
 Butter lbs, 10374 
 
 Eggs doz, 225990 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 136 
 Small fruit....c&b, 2293 
 
 LINN. 
 
 Cattle head, 13280 
 
 Hogs head, 36120 
 
 Horses & mules.head. 500 
 
 Sheep head,'l600 
 
 Wheat bush, 54750 
 
 Corn bush, 5080 
 
 Oats bush, 50760 
 
 Hay cars, 106 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 14 
 
 Lumber cars, 38 
 
 Coal tons, 8262 
 
 Ties ties, 1601 
 
 Poultry lbs, 490070 
 
 Butter lbs, 31157 
 
 Eggs doz, 21050 
 
 Apples bbls, 5600 
 
 Small fruit....c & b, 634 
 
 Flour bbls, 840 
 
 Other shipments.cars, 104 
 
 Cooperage cars, 27 
 
 Wood cords, 276 
 
 LIVINGSTON. 
 
 Cattle head, 5310 
 
 Hogs head, 31230 
 
 Horses & mules . head, 1600 
 
 Sheep head, 1200 
 
 Wheat bush, 84607 
 
 Corn bush, 20300 
 
 Oats bush, 83233 
 
 Flour bbls, 7075 
 
 Apples bbls, 24472 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 126 
 
 Poultry lbs, 166089 
 
 Butter lbs, 89476 
 
 Eggs doz, 508980 
 
 Lumber cars, 8 
 
 Wood cords, 420 
 
 Staves cars, 40 
 
 Stone cars, 160 
 
 Wool lbs, 175500 
 
 Timothy bush, 11193 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 40 
 Dried apples.. lbs, 100000 
 
 MACON. 
 
 Cattle "head, 6120 
 
 Hogs head, 26220 
 
 Horses&mules. .head, 940 
 
 Sheep head, 1920 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 30 
 
 Wheat bush, 99520 
 
 Corn bush, 2900 
 
 Oats bush, 27040 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 7 
 
 Hay cars, 210 
 
 Flour bbls, 6044 
 
 Lumber cars, 168 
 
 Shaved hoops cars, 40 
 
 Rye bush, 2335 
 
 Wool lbs, 50000 
 
 Coal tons, 404370 
 
 Fruit cars, 33 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 55 
 
 Poultrv lbs, 1622721 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 167 
 
 Eggs doz, 90810 
 
 Butter lbs, 38474 
 
 MADISON. 
 
 Cattle head, 1580 
 
 Hogs head, 3600 
 
 Horses & mules . . head, 40 
 
 Sheep head, 1040 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 3 
 
 Wheat bush, 21148 
 
 Hay cars, 10 
 
 Flour bbls, 25022 
 
 Lumber cars, 746 
 
 Ties ties, 25000 
 
 Charcoal cars, 9 
 
 Pig lead tons, 4520 
 
 Hoops cars, 9 
 
 Staves cars, 9 
 
 Granite . cars, 51 
 
 Poultry lbs, 252481 
 
 Eggs doz, 79110 
 
 Butter lbs, 2013 
 
 Other shipments . . cars, 10 
 Small fruit c& b, 142 
 
 MARION. 
 
 Cattle head, 1983 
 
 Hogs head, 9688 
 
 Horses & mules.head, 558 
 
 Sheep head, 1652 
 
 Wheat bush, 84105 
 
 Corn bush, 5082 
 
 Hav cars, 27 
 
 Flour bbls, 219000 
 
 Lumber cars, 6840 
 
 Lime bbls, 223020 
 
 lee cars, 68 
 
 Rip rap cars, 178 
 
 Poultry lbs, 18978 
 
 Butter lbs, 5179 
 
 Eggs .doz, 8220 
 
 Potatoes bbls, 162 
 
102 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 Marion— Continued. 
 
 Tallow lbs, 57896 
 
 Hams lbs, 76070 
 
 Bacon lbs, 126463 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 587 
 Small fruit c & b, 382 
 
 Mcdonald. 
 
 Cattle bead, 480 
 
 Hogs head, 1980 
 
 Sheep head, 400 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 11 
 
 Wheat bush, 25504 
 
 Corn bush, 2333 
 
 Lumber cars, 238 
 
 Ties ties, 8400 
 
 Wood cords, 1956 
 
 Props & posts... cars, 382 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 514 
 
 Stone cars, 191 
 
 Gravel cars, 12 
 
 Sand cars, 19 
 
 Poultry lbs, 32815 
 
 Eggs... doz, 25530 
 
 Butter lbs, 207 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 28 
 
 MERCER. 
 
 Cattle bead, 5543 
 
 Hogs head, 15480 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 260 
 
 Sheep head,8C0 
 
 Wheat bush, 1244 
 
 Corn bbls, 1160 
 
 Oats bush, 16640 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 5 
 
 Seed cars, 8 
 
 Lumber cars, 14 
 
 Ties ties, 8400 
 
 Shaved hoops cars, 3 
 
 Stone cars, 62 
 
 Fruit cars, 15 
 
 Poultry lbs, 146292 
 
 Butter lbs, 1853 
 
 Eggs doz, 930 
 
 Flour bbls, 181 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 176 
 
 MILLER. 
 
 Cattle head, 960 
 
 Hogs head, 7755 
 
 Sheep head, 960 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 37 
 
 Wheat bush, 37965 
 
 Flour bbls, 6207 
 
 Flax cars, 2 
 
 Lumber cars, 2 
 
 Ties ties, 2200 
 
 Hoops cars, 20 
 
 Tiff cars, 67 
 
 Poultry lbs, 193350 
 
 Miller— Continued. 
 
 Butter lbs, 4313 
 
 Eggs doz . 52110 
 
 Apples bbls, 185 
 
 Dried fruit.. ..lbs, 42800 
 Other shipments, .cars, 5 
 Wool lbs, 6500 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 Cattle head, 1211 
 
 Horses & mules, .head, 12 
 
 Hogs head, 2817 
 
 Wheat bush, 119160 
 
 Corn bush, 265788 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 309 
 
 Hay cars, 11 
 
 Vegetables cars, 114 
 
 Melons cars, 707 
 
 Flour bbls, 27600 
 
 Lumber cars, 892 
 
 Logs cars, 1072 
 
 Poultry lbs, 15766 
 
 Game lbs, 8963 
 
 Eggs doz, 13410 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 46 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 759 
 
 Cotton bales, 98 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 70 
 
 MONITEAU. 
 
 Cattle head, 2331 
 
 Hogs head, 17461 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 660 
 
 Sheep head, 2169 
 
 Mixed live stock. cars, 104 
 
 Wheat bush, 411883 
 
 Corn bush, 9280 
 
 Oats bush, 50965 
 
 Hay cars, 9 
 
 Flax car, 1 
 
 Apples bbls, 3026 
 
 Lead ore tons, 18 
 
 Wood cords, 1692 
 
 Cheese lbs, 19946 
 
 Wool lbs, 25265 
 
 Hides lbs, 49582 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 60 
 Small fruit, c & b, cars, 54 
 
 Poultry lbs, 697862 
 
 Butter lbs, 34822 
 
 Eggs doz, 321030 
 
 MONROE. 
 
 Cattle head, 5944 
 
 Hogs head, 25745 
 
 Horses and mules, 
 
 head, 1290 
 
 Sheep head, 4900 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 4() 
 
 Wheat bush, 100764 
 
 Corn bush, 580 
 
 Monroe— Continued. 
 
 Oats bush, 74880 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 32 
 
 Hay cars, 121 
 
 Flour bbls, 9126 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 18 
 
 Lumber cars, 38 
 
 Ties ties, 29000 
 
 Hoops cars, 33 
 
 Wood cords, 1500 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 21 
 
 Marble car, 1 
 
 Wool lbs, 51032 
 
 Stone cars, 13 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 8 
 
 Poultry lbs, 442278 
 
 Eggs doz, 113340 
 
 Butter lbs, 8694 
 
 MONTGOMERY. 
 
 Cattle .head, 2032 
 
 Hogs head, 19367 
 
 Horses & mules . head, 596 
 
 Sheep head, 1102 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 35 
 
 Wheat bush, 114844 
 
 Corn bush, 66120 
 
 Oats bush, 405600 
 
 Mixed grain car, 1 
 
 Flax cars, 39 
 
 Hay cars, 20 
 
 Ties ties, 54600 
 
 Apples bbls, 1005 
 
 Poultry lbs, 440508 
 
 Butter lbs, 24987 
 
 Coal tons, 162 
 
 Eggs doz, 367610 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 185 
 Small fruit. ...c&b, 1220 
 AVool lbs, 11789 
 
 MORGAN. 
 
 Cattle head, 1340 
 
 Hogs head, 10560 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 120 
 
 Sheep head, 560 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 21 
 
 Wheat bush, 51626 
 
 Oats bush, 8320 
 
 Hay car, 1 
 
 Flax cars, 4 
 
 Timber cars, 10 
 
 Ties ties, 18400 
 
 Wood cords, 360 
 
 Coal tons, 108 
 
 Lead ore and zinc . tons, 60 
 
 Canned fruit cars, 2 
 
 Barytes tons, 100 
 
 Apples bbls, 925 
 
 Poultry lbs, 146974 
 
 Game lbs, 1965 
 
 Eggs doz, 92250 
 
 Butter lbs, 35311 
 
 Hides lbs, 5000 
 
 Other shipments. . .cars, 7 
 
COMMODITIES MARKETED 1891. 
 
 103 
 
 NEW MADRID. 
 
 Cattle head, 404 
 
 Hogs head, 640 
 
 Horses & mules, .head, 43 
 
 AVheat bush, 36522 
 
 Corn bush, 97491 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 304 
 
 Hides lbs, 28730 
 
 Bacon lbs, 54215 
 
 Cotton lbs, 3083 
 
 Cotton seed products, 
 
 lbs, 2500000 
 
 Meal lbs, 78140 
 
 Lumber cars, 735 
 
 Poultry lbs, 7560 
 
 Eggs doz, 5040 
 
 Wool lbs, 2671 
 
 Castor beans lbs, 6400 
 
 Tallow lbs, 330 
 
 Potatoes bbls, 33 
 
 Cane poles bdls, 82 
 
 Other shipments, . .cars, 5 
 
 NEWTON. 
 
 Cattle... head, 1365 
 
 Hogs head, 3843 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 200 
 
 Sheep head, 1200 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 34 
 
 Wheat bush, 215834 
 
 Corn bush, 1740 
 
 Oats bush, 1040 
 
 Hay cars, 41 
 
 Mixed grain car, 1 
 
 Flax cars, 5 
 
 Flour bbls, 79,690 
 
 Lead and zinc, .tons, 8820 
 
 Wood cords, 312 
 
 Lumber .cnrs, 37 
 
 Tripoli cars, 53 
 
 Lime bbls, 2500 
 
 Other shipments . . cars, 39 
 
 Poultry lbs, 63476 
 
 Apples bbls, 2405 
 
 Eggs doz, 66390 
 
 Butter lbs, 50528 
 
 Tobacco lbs, 19080 
 
 NODAWAY. 
 
 Cattle head, 31760 
 
 Hogs head, 81309 
 
 Horses & mules.head, 1480 
 
 Sheep head, 4880 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 20 
 
 Wheat bush, 138730 
 
 Corn bush, 381110 
 
 Oats bush, 79270 
 
 Rye bush, 9340 
 
 Flour bbls, 2739 
 
 Hay cars, 7 
 
 Mixed grain cars^ 68 
 
 Nodaway— Continued. 
 
 Lumber cars, 31 
 
 Wood cords, 360 
 
 Wool lbs, 29000 
 
 Potatoes bbls, 720 
 
 Tile cars, 6 
 
 Apples bbls, 67895 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 49 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 710 
 
 Ice cars, 1334 
 
 Poultry lbs, 1546590 
 
 Butter..., lbs, 109897 
 
 Eggs ..doz, 206850 
 
 OREGON. 
 
 Cattle head, 220 
 
 Hogs head,240 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 4 
 
 Wheat bush, 622 
 
 Hay car, 1 
 
 Lumber cars, 3 
 
 Posts and piling. . .cars, 3 
 
 Cotton bales, 69 
 
 Poultry ....lbs, 26980 
 
 Eggs doz, 45000 
 
 Small fruit . . . . c & b, 10425 
 Other shipments, .cars, 17 
 
 OSAGE. 
 
 Cattle. head, 869 
 
 Hogs head, 8094 
 
 Horses & mules, .head, 74 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 19 
 
 Sheep head, 1122 
 
 Wheat bush, 345966 
 
 Corn bush, 23214 
 
 Oats bush, 1042 
 
 Flour bbls, 9750 
 
 Other shipments . . cars, 22 
 
 Small fruit c&b, 47 
 
 Ties ties, 35400 
 
 Apples bbls, 606 
 
 Hoops cars, 11 
 
 Poultry lbs, 117430 
 
 Butter ....lbs, 4231 
 
 Eggs doz, 127770 
 
 Wool lbs, 4640 
 
 Dried fruit lbs, 14730 
 
 PEMISCOT. 
 
 Cattle head, 187 
 
 Hogs head, 333 
 
 Horses & mules . . head, 10 
 
 AVheat bush, 8908 
 
 Corn bush, 48219 
 
 Cotton bales, 4116 
 
 Cotton seed product, 
 
 lbs, 3528133 
 
 Pemiscot— Continued. 
 
 Fish bbls, 732 
 
 Pecans bush, 739 
 
 Hides lbs, 18252 
 
 Poultry lbs, 44245 
 
 Eggs doz, 5670 
 
 Lumber feet, 1104000 
 
 Hay bales, 414 
 
 Peanuts bbls, 201 
 
 AVool lbs, 1225 
 
 Apples bbls, 137 
 
 Cane poles bdls, 90 
 
 Feathers lbs, 292 
 
 Other shipments. lbs, 8040 
 
 PERRY. 
 
 Cattle head, 1740 
 
 Hogs head, 7285 
 
 Horses & mules, .head, 40 
 
 Sheep head, 1874 
 
 AVheat bush, 127643 
 
 Corn bush, 35013 
 
 Flour bbls, 41473 
 
 Lumber cars, 11 
 
 Apples bbls, 407 
 
 Dried fruit. . . .lbs, 433001 
 
 Hides lbs, 46108 
 
 Poultry lbs, 234360 
 
 Eggs doz, 97170 
 
 Beans lbs, 32091 
 
 Butter lbs, 4711 
 
 AVool lbs, 17595 
 
 Onions bush, 618 
 
 Lard lbs, 12782 
 
 Meat lbs, 72526 
 
 Other shipments, 
 
 lbs, 206866 
 
 PETTIS. 
 
 Cattle head, 14200 
 
 Hogs head, 32963 
 
 Horses and mules, 
 
 head, 1087 
 
 Sheep head, 6190 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 62 
 
 AVheat bush, 465426 
 
 Corn bush, 385760 
 
 Oats . . : bush, 75955 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 2 
 
 Hay cars, 102 
 
 Flax cars, 31 
 
 Flour bbls, 6914 
 
 Lumber cars, 41 
 
 Apples bbls, 12144 
 
 Poultry lbs, 291068 
 
 Eggs doz, 839160 
 
 Butter lbs, 10752 
 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 1707 
 
 AVool lbs, 106600 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 154 
 
104 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 PHELPS. 
 
 Cattle head, 1780 
 
 Hogs head, 5280 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 5(50 
 
 Sheep head, 5040 
 
 Mixed live stock. cars, 135 
 
 Wheat bush, 124400 
 
 Corn bush, 1162 
 
 Oats bush, 2100 
 
 Hay cars, 6 
 
 Flour bbls, 15900 
 
 Apples bbls, 3214 
 
 Iron ore tons, 270 
 
 Wool ...lbs, 444880 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 97 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 1114 
 
 Ties ties, 59400 
 
 Sand cars, 325 
 
 Poultry lbs, 450330 
 
 Butter lbs. 14468 
 
 Eggs doz, 214980 
 
 PIKE. 
 
 Cattle head, 4334 
 
 Hogs head, 17372 
 
 Horses & mules. head, '2327 
 
 Sheep head, 4556 
 
 Mixed live stock. cars, 201 
 
 Wheat bush, 402434 
 
 Oats.... bush, 198278 
 
 Hay cars, 84 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 11 
 
 Flour bbls, 39750 
 
 Lumber cars, 2228 
 
 Stone cars, 350 
 
 Lime bbls, 95060 
 
 Ties ties, 23600 
 
 Wood cords. 4140 
 
 Wool lbs, 168961 
 
 Poultry lbs, 392420 
 
 Butter lbs, 8808 
 
 Eggs doz, 102150 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 201 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 5749 
 
 PLATTE. 
 
 Cattle head, 7730 
 
 Hogs head, 41360 
 
 Horses & mules .head ,2496 
 
 Sheep head, 1680 
 
 Mixed stock car, 1 
 
 Wheat bush, 283632 
 
 Corn bush, 16820 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 6 
 
 Hay cars, 33 
 
 Flour bbls, 25200 
 
 Lumber cars, 311 
 
 Apples bbls, 4416 
 
 Wood cords, 456 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 28 
 
 Lime bbls, 7280 
 
 Poultry lbs, 162563 
 
 Butter lbs, 6074 
 
 Eggs doz, 60180 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 602 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 1393 
 
 POLK. 
 
 Cattle head, 3100 
 
 Hogs head, 19560 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 1120 
 
 Sheep head, 4960 
 
 Mixed live stock. . .cars 72 
 
 Wheat bush, 57846 
 
 Corn bush, 74240 
 
 Oats bush, 30160 
 
 Hay cars, 41 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 3 
 
 Apples bbls, 2410 
 
 Wood cords, 2712 
 
 Charcoal cars, 179 
 
 Poultry lbs, 475640 
 
 Butter lbs, 21999 
 
 Eggs doz, 152070 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 255 
 
 Small fruit c&b, 251 
 
 Dried fruit lbs, 27676 
 
 PULASKL 
 
 Cattle head, 980 
 
 Hogs head, 7320 
 
 Horses & mules, .head, 80 
 
 Sheep head, 2320 
 
 Mixed live stock. cars, 165 
 
 Wheat bush, 149280 
 
 Corn bush, 580 
 
 Hay cars, 2 
 
 Ties ties, 15200 
 
 Apples bbls, 1560 
 
 Onvx car, 1 
 
 Dried fruit. .. .lbs, 116526 
 Other shipments . . cars, 37 
 
 Game lbs, 20975 
 
 Poultry lbs, 131306 
 
 Butter lbs, 2986 
 
 Eggs doz, 202410 
 
 Hides lbs, 27301 
 
 Wool lbs, 11340 
 
 PUTNAM. 
 
 Cattle head, 6060 
 
 Hogs head, 12000 
 
 Horses & mules . head, 760 
 
 Sheep head, 480 
 
 Mixed live stock. . .cars, 3 
 
 Wheat bush, 2488 
 
 Corn bush, 9860 
 
 Oats lbs, 28080 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 4 
 
 Apples bbls. 4297 
 
 Hoops cars, 23 
 
 Timothy seed, .bush, 1080 
 
 Coal tons, 72540 
 
 Poultry lbs, 130823 
 
 Butter lbs, 60703 
 
 Eggs doz, 200730 
 
 Hides lbs, 32640 
 
 Other shipments. . .cars, 5 
 Small fruit c & b, 13 
 
 RALLS. 
 
 Cattle head, 1200 
 
 Hogs head, 7980 
 
 Horses & mules, .head, 40 
 
 Sheep head, 1120 
 
 Mixed live stock., cars, 19 
 
 Wheat bush, 216456 
 
 Corn bush, 616 
 
 Oats bush, 15600 
 
 Hay cars, 35 
 
 Brick cars, 2 
 
 Lumber cars, 14 
 
 Ties ties, 2600 
 
 Wood cords, 1140 
 
 Logs cars, 4 
 
 Poultry lbs, 15860 
 
 Butter lbs, 1315 
 
 Eggs doz, 5520 
 
 Wool lbs, 8170 
 
 Broom coi-n lbs, 9630 
 
 Small fruit boxes, 5 
 
 RANDOLPH. 
 
 Cattle head, 5450 
 
 Hogs head, 18846 
 
 Horses and mules, 
 
 head, 1370 
 
 Sheep head, 6800 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 37 
 
 Wheat bush, 87080 
 
 Corn bush, 580 
 
 Oats bush, 12480 
 
 Flour bbls, 31500 
 
 Coal tons, 176274 
 
 Brick cars, 313 
 
 Ties ties, 41200 
 
 Hoops cars, 42 
 
 Hay cars, 73 
 
 Eggs doz, 90390 
 
 Game lbs, 5428 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 14S 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 497 
 
 Poultry lbs, 148442 
 
 Butter lbs, 3269 
 
 RAY. 
 
 Cattle head, 11880 
 
 Hogs head, 33253 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 200 
 
 Sheep head, 640 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 36 
 
 Wheat bush, 341097 
 
 Oats bush, 13550 
 
 Corn bush, 53170 
 
 Other grain cars, 4 
 
 Hav cars, 12 
 
 Lumber cars, 364 
 
 Coal tons, 195048 
 
 Wood cords, 768 
 
 Poultry lbs, 201148 
 
 Butter lbs, 11004 
 
COMMODITIES MAEKETED 1891. 
 
 105 
 
 R.iy— Continued. 
 
 Eggs doz, 66360 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 194 
 
 Other shipments .cars, 135 
 
 Flour bbls, 6150 
 
 Apples bbls, 555 
 
 REYNOLDS. 
 
 Lumber cars, 271 
 
 Ties ties, 2400 
 
 RIPLEY. 
 
 Cattle head, 440 
 
 Hogs head, 3000 
 
 Sheep head, 160 
 
 Mixed live stock. . .cars, 2 
 
 Lumber cars, 366 
 
 Ties ties, 33600 
 
 Cotton bales, 1110 
 
 Timber cars, 65 
 
 Shaved hoops cars, 21 
 
 Staves cars, 133 
 
 Poultry lbs, 158240 
 
 Eggs doz, 33210 
 
 Dried fruit lbs, 12000 
 
 Hides lbs, 2371 
 
 Potatoes bbls, 79 
 
 Other shipments . . cars, 80 
 
 SALINE. 
 
 Cattle head, 29534 
 
 Hogs head, 59426 
 
 Horses and mules, 
 
 head, 2802 
 
 Sheep head, 4889 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 61 
 
 Wheat bush, 1008041 
 
 Corn bush, 436148 
 
 Oats bush, 21742 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 7 
 
 Hay cars, 17 
 
 Hemp straw cars, 18 
 
 Wood cords, 2844 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 151 
 
 Flour bbls, 87600 
 
 Wool lbs, 304905 
 
 Apples bbls, 1656 
 
 Poultry lbs, 305260 
 
 Butter lbs, 9128 
 
 Eggs doz, 63180 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 209 
 Small fruit c ife b, 84 
 
 SCHUYLER. 
 
 Cattle head, 6000 
 
 Hogs head, 27120 
 
 Horses and mules, 
 
 head, 1200 
 Sheep head, 3520 
 
 Schuyler— Continued. 
 Mixed live stock. . .cars, 2 
 
 Wheat bush, 31722 
 
 Corn bush, 60332 
 
 Oats ....bush, 76311 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 8 
 
 Hay cars, 7 
 
 Ties ties, 27600 
 
 Wood cords, 768 
 
 Hoops cars, 31 
 
 Apples bbls, 2000 
 
 Wool lbs, 240000 
 
 Poultry lbs, 261413 
 
 Butter lbs, 141318 
 
 Eggs doz, 183870 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 103 
 Small fruii c & b, 694 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 Cattle head, 3980 
 
 Hogs head, 17760 
 
 Horses and mules, 
 
 head, 1340 
 
 Sheep head, 880 
 
 Wheat bush, 3 648 
 
 Corn bush, 12760 
 
 Oats bush, 131041 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 9 
 
 Hay cars, 3 
 
 Wood cords, 288 
 
 Timothy seed., bush, 2887 
 
 Ties ties, 9000 
 
 Cooperage cars, 16 
 
 Poultry lbs, 489660 
 
 Butter lbs, 95662 
 
 Eggs doz, 182580 
 
 Other shipments . cars, 124 
 
 Small fruit c & b, 21 
 
 Wool lbs, 14300 
 
 SCOTT. 
 
 Cattle iiead, 777 
 
 Hogs head, 2699 
 
 Horses & mules, .head, 12 
 
 Sheep head, 13 
 
 Mixed stock cars, 4 
 
 Wheat bush, 283654 
 
 Corn bush, 418230 
 
 Hav cars, 2 
 
 Flour bbls, 40050 
 
 Water melons, .cars, 1006 
 
 Cantaloupes cars, 40 
 
 Lumber cars, 428 
 
 Bran bbls, 7254 
 
 Wool lbs, 5537 
 
 Hides lbs, 17858 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 21 
 
 Poultry lbs, 32471 
 
 Butter lbs, 421 
 
 Eggs doz, 24390 
 
 Small fruit.... c&b, 2168 
 Other shipments . . cars, 56 
 
 SHANNON. 
 
 Cattle head, 60 
 
 Mixed live stock. . .cars, 8 
 
 Corn bush, 3480 
 
 Lumber cars, 4900 
 
 Ti«s ties, 2200 
 
 Hay cars, 3 
 
 Ties and piling. , .cars, 41 
 
 Logs cars, 1625 
 
 Wood cords, 12 
 
 Poultry lbs, 700 
 
 Eggs doz, 480 
 
 Game lbs, 1621 
 
 Other shipments . . cars, 63 
 
 SHELBY. 
 
 Cattle head, 6040 
 
 Hogs head, 27660 
 
 Horses & mules . head,1160 
 
 Sheep head, 5360 
 
 Mixed live stock car, 1 
 
 Wheat bush, 149280 
 
 Corn bush, 76560 
 
 Oats bush, 112320 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 9 
 
 Hay cars, 324 
 
 Hoops cars, 74 
 
 Wool lbs, 40000 
 
 Poultry lbs, 164221 
 
 Butter lbs, 2556 
 
 Eggs doz, 4380 
 
 Apples bbls, 600 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 49 
 
 ST. CHARLES. 
 
 Cattle head, 2224 
 
 Hogs head, 15194 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 403 
 
 Sheep head, 1355 
 
 Mixed live stock. cars, 105 
 
 Wheat bush, 827109 
 
 Corn bush, 104583 
 
 Oats bush, 38899 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 11 
 
 Hay cars, 9 
 
 Flour bbls, 54600 
 
 Apples bbls, 20761 
 
 Ties ties, 28129 
 
 Stone cars, 1030 
 
 Onions bush, 84456 
 
 Wood cords, 1344 
 
 Small fruit....c«feb, 13033 
 
 Poultry Ibs,459(t82 
 
 Butter lbs, 70457 
 
 Hides lbs, 188393 
 
 Eggs doz, 454560 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 779 
 
 ST. CLAIR. 
 
 Cattle head, 4240 
 
 Hogs head, 16260 
 
 Horses & mules . head, 100 
 Sheep head, 400 
 
106 
 
 MISSOURL 
 
 St. Clair— Continued. 
 Mixed live stock. cars, 245 
 
 Wheat bush, 22392 
 
 Corn bush, 390340 
 
 Oats bush, 36400 
 
 Hay cars, 292 
 
 Flax cars, 42 
 
 Ties ties, 10800 
 
 Apples bbls, 7560 
 
 Wood cords, 372 
 
 Gravel cars, 435 
 
 Poultry lbs, 264830 
 
 Butter lbs, 7241 
 
 Eggs doz, 145110 
 
 Cheese lbs, 34390 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 217 
 Small fruit c& b, 153 
 
 STE- GENEVIEVE. 
 
 Cattle head, 797 
 
 Hogs head, 4584 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 47 
 
 Sheep head, 1166 
 
 Wheat bush, 89186 
 
 Corn bush, 2804 
 
 Oats bush, 238 
 
 Flour bbls, 4^998 
 
 Apples bbls, 693 
 
 Onions bbls, 1469 
 
 Dried fruit.... lbs, 284632 
 
 Hides lbs, 89459 
 
 Wool lbs, 24278 
 
 Poultry lbs, 316963 
 
 Eggs doz, 181680 
 
 Butter lbs, 8052 
 
 Lumber cars, 14 
 
 Lime bbls, 11147 
 
 I^eans lbs, 39091 
 
 Bran bbls, 8283 
 
 Other shipments, 
 
 lbs, 407551 
 
 ST. FRANCOIS. 
 
 Cattle head, 1740 
 
 Hogs head, 2040 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 120 
 
 Sheep head, 1120 
 
 Mixed live stock, cars, 30 
 
 Wheat bush, 1866G 
 
 Corn bush, 6960 
 
 Oats bush, 0409 
 
 Hay cars, 17 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 7 
 
 Flour bbls, 30600 
 
 Pig lead tons, 18,594 
 
 Iron ore tons, 56628 
 
 Zinc tons, 1026 
 
 Granite cars, 898 
 
 Paving blocks. . .cars, 502 
 
 Poultry. lbs, 44841 
 
 Butter lbs, 9368 
 
 Eggs doz, 38400 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 588 
 Small fruit c& b, 132 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Cattle head, 4768 
 
 Hogs head, 4722 
 
 Horses & mules, head, 178 
 
 Sheep head, 583 
 
 Mixed live stock. . .cars, 7 
 
 Wheat bush, 78^781 
 
 Corn bush, 10515 
 
 Mixed grain car, 1 
 
 Hay cars, 7 
 
 Stone cars, 1279 
 
 Sand cars, 1654 
 
 Building brick, .cars, 1340 
 
 Fire brick cars, 9329 
 
 Tile cars, 2211 
 
 Lime bbls, 38080 
 
 Poultrv lbs, 17262 
 
 Butter lbs, 4781 
 
 Eggs doz, 15900 
 
 Other shipments, cars,1690 
 Sniallfruit....c&],>, 4259 
 Wood cords, 6384 
 
 STODDARD. 
 
 Cattle .head, 002 
 
 Hogs head, 807o 
 
 Wheat bush, 1805i 
 
 Corn bush,64M87 
 
 Oats bush, l07o 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 86 
 
 Flour bbls, 20700 
 
 Cotton seed cars, 41 
 
 Lumber cars, 1648 
 
 Ties ties, 187200 
 
 Cotton bales, 945 
 
 Hay cars, 2 
 
 Staves cars, 493 
 
 Logs cars, 115 
 
 Granite cars, 86 
 
 Wood cords, 1800 
 
 Poultry lbs, 149390 
 
 Butter lbs, 590 
 
 Eggs doz, 109530 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 162 
 Small fruit c&b, 625 
 
 SULLIVAN. 
 
 Cattle head, 16060 
 
 Hogs head, 20220 
 
 Horses & mules, 
 
 head, 1030 
 
 Sheep head, 1680 
 
 Mixed live stock. . .cars, 6 
 
 Wheat bush, 16903 
 
 Corn bush, 1208 
 
 Oats bush, 12480 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 8 
 
 Hay cars, 12 
 
 Timothy seed, .bush, 3814 
 
 Ties ties, 38000 
 
 Apples bbls, 3388 
 
 Wood cords, 2268 
 
 Coal tons, 630 
 
 Sullivan— Continued. 
 
 Hoops cars, 43 
 
 Poultry lbs, 353233 
 
 Butter lbs, 67593 
 
 Eggs doz, 153210 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 79 
 Wool lbs, 54164 
 
 TEXAS. 
 
 Cattle head, 160 
 
 Hogs head, 600 
 
 Mixed live stock . . . cars, 2 
 
 Wheat bush, 3732 
 
 Hay car, 1 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 2 
 
 Sand car, 1 
 
 Lumber cars, 180 
 
 Posts «& piling cars, 739 
 
 Apples bbls, 750 
 
 Poultry lbs, 31920 
 
 Butter lbs, 4310 
 
 Eggs doz, 10290 
 
 Peaches baskets, 163 
 
 Feathers lbs, 895 
 
 Other shipments, cars, 15 
 
 VERNON. 
 
 Cattle head, 9900 
 
 Hogs head, 17940 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 860 
 
 Sheep head, 320 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 63 
 
 Wheat bush, 36010 
 
 Corn bush, 194306 
 
 Oats bush, 89442 
 
 Hay cars, 793 
 
 Flax cars, 181 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 9 
 
 Apples bbls, 19545 
 
 Castor beans cars, 62 
 
 Coal tons, 33408 
 
 Clay cars, 239 
 
 Poultry lbs, 747760 
 
 Butter lbs, 28054 
 
 Eggs doz, 257820 
 
 Other shipments.cars, 741 
 Small fruit... c&b, 27194 
 Strawberries cars, 2 
 
 WAYNE. 
 
 Cattle head, 1200 
 
 Hogs head, 1592 
 
 Horses & mules, .head, 20 
 
 Wheat bush, 3110 
 
 Corn bush, 1170 
 
 Hay cars, 22 
 
 Mixed live stock. . .cars, 9 
 
 Lumber cars, 2918 
 
 Ties ties, 310400 
 
 Staves cars, 350 
 
COMMODITIES MARKETED 1891. 
 
 107 
 
 Wayne— Continued . 
 
 Stone cars, 461 
 
 Piling cars, 1()2 
 
 Crushed granite, .cars, 45 
 
 Granite spalls cars, 60 
 
 Poultry lbs, 52855 
 
 Butter lbs, 136 
 
 Eggs doz 30510 
 
 Game lbs, 9865 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 21 
 
 Small fruit c&b,342 
 
 Hides lbs, 11505 
 
 WEBSTER. 
 
 Cattle head, 2120 
 
 Hogs head, 5520 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 280 
 
 Sheep head, 2560 
 
 Mixed live stock.. cars, 17 
 
 Wheat bush, 105118 
 
 Corn bush, 1740 
 
 Oats bush, 1040 
 
 Hay cars, 9 
 
 Apples bbls, 3471 
 
 Posts & piling. . .cars, 549 
 
 Lumber cars, 70 
 
 Wool lbs, 40000 
 
 Dried fruit lbs, 80160 
 
 Poultry lbs, 709885 
 
 Butter lbs, 2(30 
 
 Eggs... doz, 166380 
 
 Game lbs, 75838 
 
 Other shipments. cars, 632 
 
 Small fruit c&b,393 
 
 Hides lbs, 25000 
 
 WARREN. 
 
 Cattle head, 588 
 
 Hogs head, 2657 
 
 Horses & mules, .head 22 
 
 Warren— Continued. 
 
 Sheep head, 665 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 34 
 
 Wheat bush, 106228 
 
 Corn bush, 16874 
 
 Oats bush, 35360 
 
 Mixed grain car, 1 
 
 Flax cars, 4 
 
 Ties ties, 82600 
 
 Apples bbls, 994 
 
 Wood cords, 1152 
 
 Clay cars, 209 
 
 Poultry lbs, 218502 
 
 Butter lbs, 20535 
 
 Eggs doz, 293850 
 
 Other shipments .cars, 173 
 Small fruit....c&b, 6523 
 Dried fruit. ...lbs, 20860 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 Cattle. head, 920 
 
 Hogs head, 2640 
 
 Horses & mules. head, 210 
 
 Sheep head, 640 
 
 Mixed live stock car, 1 
 
 Wheat bush, 11843 
 
 Corn bush, 17980 
 
 Oats ...bush, 1040 
 
 Hay cars, 7 
 
 Zinc ore tons, 72 
 
 Pig lead tons, 1260 
 
 Lead ore tons, 90 
 
 Tiff... cars, 371 
 
 Wood cords, 6732 
 
 Poultry lbs, 65469 
 
 Butter lbs, 26239 
 
 Eggs doz, 45180 
 
 Milk galls, 6938 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 31 
 
 Small fruit c&b, 135 
 
 Charcoal . . cars, 86 
 
 WORTH. 
 
 Cattle head, 4700 
 
 Hogs head, 18900 
 
 Sheep head, 80 
 
 Mixed live stock car, 1 
 
 Wheat bush, 4354 
 
 Corn bush, 32480 
 
 Oats bush, 6240 
 
 Mixed grain cars, 38 
 
 Apples bbls, 5935 
 
 Wool lbs, 20000 
 
 Poultry lbs, 10425 
 
 Butter lbs, 8053 
 
 Eggs doz, 36330 
 
 Other shipments, .cars, 19 
 Small fruit c & b, 57 
 
 WRIGHT. 
 
 Cattle head, 1340 
 
 Hogs head, 6960 
 
 Mixed live stock, .cars, 38 
 
 Wheat bush, 48516 
 
 Corn bush, 8120 
 
 Hay cars, 4 
 
 Ship stuff cars, 32 
 
 Lumber cars, 37 
 
 Posts & piling. . . cars, 736 
 
 Fruit cars, 15 
 
 Cotton.. bales, 46 
 
 Poultry lbs, 431220 
 
 Butter lbs, 21568 
 
 Eggs doz, 16806" 
 
 Game lbs, 44495 
 
 Fresh meat lbs, 68920 
 
 Small fruit.... c& b, 6192 
 Other shipments. cars, 170 
 
 Furs lbs, 1135 
 
 Coke car, 1 
 
108 MISSOURI. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 105 Counties Marketea 629,438 head Cattle. 
 
 105 " " 2,006,444 " Hogs. 
 
 88 '* '' 65,927 '* Horses and Mulea. 
 
 90 " " 190,681 '' Sheep. 
 
 104 " " 28,049,177 pounds Poultry. 
 
 105 " " 14,090,426 dozen Eggs. 
 
 87 ** " 5,415 cars Mixed Live Stock. 
 
 101 ** " 21,635,458 bushels Wheat. 
 
 92 " " 9,652,938 " Corn. 
 
 76 " " 5,152,701 '' Oats. 
 
 67 ** " 8,284 cars Hay. 
 
 53 ^' " 1,617 " Mixed Grain. 
 
 62 ''■ " 2,295,746 barrels Flour. 
 
 19 *' *' 1,155 cars Shipstuff. 
 
 69 '* " 544,914 barrels Apples. 
 
 95 " " 2,949,537 pounds Butter. 
 
 86 " '' 264,720 baskets and crates Small Fruit. 
 
 51 " " 119,873 cords Wood. 
 
 52 " " 34,445 cars Lumber. 
 
 22 " *' 2,152 '' Hoops. 
 
 47 " " 2,314,806 Ties. 
 
 40 '' " 3,135,685 pounds Wool. 
 
 7 '* " 35,770 bushels Timothy Seed. 
 
 15 " *' 321,007 pounds Game. 
 
 4 " " 88,625 " Fish. 
 
 26 " " 1,689,994 '' Hides. 
 
 3 *' '' 72 cars Seed. 
 
 17 " " 7.250 " Stone. 
 
 13 " " 921,407 barrels Lime. 
 
 6 " " 160,576 pounds Cheese. 
 
 14 *' '^ 1,564,162 " Dried Fruit. 
 
 2 " " 2,611 " Furs. 
 
 6 '* " 402,643 '' Meat. 
 
 5 " '• 30,156 bushels Rye. 
 
 6 " " 13,743 barrels Potatoes. 
 
 4 " " 5,387 cars Sewer Pipe and Tile. 
 
 13 " " 16,482 " Brick. 
 
 3 " " 1,408 '' Ice. 
 
 20 " " 2,655,882 tons Coal. 
 
 17 " " 862 cars Flax. 
 
 3 '' " 89,481 bushels Onions. 
 
 3 " " 178 cars Tobacco. 
 
 3 " " 46 " Canned Goods. 
 
 15 " " 144,540 tons Lead and Zinc. 
 
 7 " " 123,571 " Iron. 
 
 12 " *' 29,652 bales Cotton. 
 
 4 " *' 23,763,133 pounds Cotton Seed Products. 
 
 2 " " 1,761 cars Melons. 
 
 103 " *' 46,779 " Other Shipments. 
 
COMMODITIES MARKETED 1891. 
 
 109 
 
 Value of Surplus Commodities. 
 
 Commodity. Quantity. 
 
 Cattle, by rail 621,840 head 
 
 " " river 7,598 *' 
 
 Total 629,438 head at 
 
 Hogs, by rail 1,973,174 head 
 
 '^ " river 33,270 " 
 
 Total 2,006,444 head at 
 
 Horses and Mules, by rail 64,405 head 
 
 " " " "' river . ; 1,522 " 
 
 Total 65,927 head at 
 
 Sheep, by rail 184,973 head 
 
 " " river 5,658 " 
 
 Total 190,631 head at 
 
 Wheat, by rail 20,275,475 bush. 
 
 " *' river 1,359,983 " 
 
 Total 21,635,468 bush, at 
 
 Corn, bv rail 9,257,514 bush. 
 
 " "' river 395,524 '' 
 
 Total 9,652,938 bush, at 
 
 Oats, bv rail. 5,127,675 bush. 
 
 " "' river 25,026 " 
 
 Total 5,152,701 bush, at 
 
 Wool, by rail 3,112,519 lbs. 
 
 a u river 123,166 *' 
 
 Total 3,235,685 lbs. at 
 
 Poultry, bv rail 27,143,009 lbs. 
 
 " "" river 906,168 " 
 
 Total 28,049,177 lbs. at 
 
 Butter, bv rail 2,928,055 lbs. 
 
 "' river 21,482 " 
 
 Total 2,949,537 lbs. at 
 
 Eggs, bv rail 13,437,806 doz. 
 
 " '^ river 652,620 '' 
 
 Total 14,090,426 doz. at 
 
 Ties, bv rail 2,307,487 ties 
 
 " "" river 7,319 '' 
 
 Total 2,314,806 ties at 
 
 Dried Fruit, by rail 879,505 lbs. 
 
 " «' river 684,657 *' 
 
 Total 1,564,162 lbs. at 
 
 Total 
 Value. Value. 
 
 $ 40 00, $25,177,520 
 
 8 00, 16,051,552 
 
 100 00, 6,592,700 
 
 4 00, 
 
 162,524 
 
 80, 17,308,366 
 
 35, 3,378,528 
 
 25, 1,288,175 
 
 20, 
 
 647,137 
 
 10, 2,804,918 
 
 15. 
 
 442,431 
 
 10, 1,409,043 
 
 30, 694,442 
 
 04, 
 
 62,566 
 
110 MUSSOCJRI. 
 
 Total 
 Commodity. Quantity. Value. Value. 
 
 Flour, hv rail 2,190,983 bbls. 
 
 " "" river 104,763 '' 
 
 Total 2,295,746 bbls. at $ 3 50, $ 8,035,111 
 
 Apples by rail 540,953 bbls. 
 
 ' " river 3,961 " 
 
 Total 544,914 bbls. at 1 75, 953,599 
 
 Mixed Live Stock, by rail 5,415 cars at 500 00, 2,707,500 
 
 Hay, by rail and river 8,284 " " 260 00, 2,153,840 
 
 AVood, by rail 119,873 cords " 3 00, 359,619 
 
 Lumber, bv rail and river 34,445 cars " 185 00, 6,372,325 
 
 Hoops, by rail and river 2,152 " " 190 00, 408,880 
 
 Tiraothv Seed, bv rail 35,770 bush " 1 27, 45,428 
 
 Game, by rail . . .' 321,007 lbs. " 20, 64,201 
 
 Fish, by rail and river 88,625 " " 05, 4,431 
 
 Hides, by rail and river 1,689,994 " " 05, 84,500 
 
 Stone, by rail 7,250 cars " 125 00, 906,250 
 
 Lime, by rail and river 921,407 bbls " 52, 479,132 
 
 Cheese, by rail 160,576 lbs. " 06, 9,635 
 
 Eve, by rail 30,156 bush" 75, ' 22,617 
 
 Potatoes, bv rail and river 13,743 bbls. " 96, 13,193 
 
 Sewer Pipe and Tile, by rail 5,387 cars " 195 00, 1,050,465 
 
 Brick, by rail 16,482 " " 73 68, 1,214,394 
 
 Ice, bv rail.'* 1,408 " " 6150, 86,592 
 
 Coal, by rail 2,655,882 tons " 1 3U, 3,488,058 
 
 Lead and Zinc, by rail 144,540 " " 32 80, 4,740,912 
 
 Iron, by rail 123,571 " " 2 39, 295,335 
 
 Flax, bv rail 862 cars *' 400 00, 344,800 
 
 Onions, by rail and river 89,481 bush " 80, 71,585 
 
 Tobacco, by rail 178 cars " 1,008 00, 179,424 
 
 Canned Goods, by rail 46 " " 650 00, 29,900 
 
 Cotton, bv rail and river 29,652 bales " 35 00, 1,037,820 
 
 CottonSeedProductsbvrail and river.. 23,763,133 lbs. *' 7 00, 83,167 
 
 Melons, bv rail 1,761 cars " 75 00, 132,075 
 
 Grass Seed, by rail 72 '' " 1,260 00, 90,720 
 
 Meat, bv rail and river 402,643 lbs. " 10, 40,264 
 
 Ship stuff, by rail and river 1,155 cars " 240 00, 277,200 
 
 Mixed Grain, bv rail 1,617 " " 343 00, 554,631 
 
 Other Shipments, by rail and river 46,779 " " 250 00, 11,694,750 
 
 Small Fruit, by rail and river 264,720 c & b " 1 50, 397,080 
 
 Value of Total Shipments, - $125,049,335 
 
 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT. 
 
 Lead and Zinc $4,740,300 
 
 Corn and Oats 4,666,703 
 
 Poultry, Butter and Eggs 4,656,392 
 
 Coal and Iron 3,783,393 
 
 Sewer Pipe, Brick and Tile 2,264,859 
 
■ Im Fountain Route. 
 
 mm yi 
 
 DAILY TRAINS fcW 
 
 -XO THE 
 
 SOUTHWEST 
 
 -EQUIPPED WITH- 
 
 Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars, 
 Free Reclining Chair Cars, 
 
 ^ Elegant Day Coaches. 
 
 ALL POINTS IN 
 
 ^ouTHEHST Missouri. 
 
 AND TO 
 
 MEMPHIS, LITTLE ROCK, HOUSTON, 
 GALVESTON, AUSTIN, SAN ANTONIO. 
 
 LAREDO (wliere Direct Connection is made lor me CITY OF MEXICO), 
 DALLAS, FORT WORTH, EL PASO, LOS 
 ANGELES and SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
THE GOLOHJIDO SHORT IiIJiE 
 
 |V[ISSOURI PACIFIC pY. 
 
 EQUIPPED 
 WITH 
 
 SOLID TRAINS, 
 FREE RECLINING CHAIR CARS 
 
 AND 
 
 PULLMAN BUFFET SLEEPING CARS, 
 
 LEAVE ST. I^OUIS DA1L_Y 
 
 AND RUN 
 
 THROUGH m KANSAS CITY, 
 
 -TO- 
 
 WITHOUT CHANGE, 
 
 WHERE CONNECTIONS ARE MADE EOR 
 
 ALL ROCKY MOUNTAIN POINTS. 
 
^ 
 
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 m-.^i 
 
VALUABLE ASSISTANCE. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 The following Traveling and Passenger Agents of the MISSOURI PACIFIC RAIL- 
 WAY and IRON MOUNTAIN ROUTE are constantly looking after the interests of the 
 Line, and will call upon parties contemplating a trip and cheerfully furnish them 
 lowest Rotes of Fare, Land Pamphlets, Maps, Guides, Time Tables, etc. 
 Or they may be addressed as follows : 
 
 ATCHISON, KAN.— C.E. Styles Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 AUSTIN, TEX.— J. C. Lewis Traveling Passenger Agent. 
 
 BOSTON, MASS.— Louis W. Ewald New England Pass'r Agent, 300 Washington St. 
 
 CHATTANOOGA, TENN.— A. A". Gallagher Southern Pass'r Agent, 108 Read House. 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL.— BissELL "Wilson District Passenger Agent, 111 Adams St. 
 
 T. C. KiMBER Trav. Pass, and Land Agt., Ill Adams St. 
 
 CINCINNATI, OHIO— N. R. Warwick District Passenger Agent, 317 Vine St. 
 
 DENVER, COLO.— C. A. TRiPP..Gcn'l Western Frt. and Pass'r Agt., cor. 17th & Stout Sts. 
 
 E. E. Hoffman Traveling Passenger Agt,, cor. 17th & Stout Sts. 
 
 DETROIT, MICH.— H. D. Armstrong Traveling Passenger Agt., No. 7 Fort St., West. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS, ARK.— R. M. Smith Depot Ticket Agent. 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS, IND.— CoKE ALEXANDER District Pass'r Agent, 7 Jackson Place. 
 
 KANSAS CITY, MO.— J. H. Lyon Western Passenger Agent, 800 Main St. 
 
 E. S. Jewett Passenger and Ticket Agent, 800 Main St. 
 
 Benton Quick, Passenger and Ass't Ticket Agent, 1032 Union Ave. 
 
 LEAVENWORTH, KAN.— J. N. Joerger Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 LINCOLN, NEB.— F. D. Corneli City Passenger and Ticket Agent, 1201 O St. 
 
 R. P. R. Millar Freight and Ticket Agent. 
 
 LITTLE ROCK, ARK.— AUGUST SuNDHOLM Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY.— R. T. G. Matthews Southern Traveling Agent, 304 West Main St. 
 
 MEMPHIS, TENN.— H. D. W11.SOX Passenger and Ticket Agent, 309 Main St. 
 
 I. E. Rehlander Traveling Passenger Agent, 309 Main St. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY— W. E. HoYT General Eastern Passenger Agent, 391 Broadway. 
 
 J. P. McCann Traveling Passenger Agent, 391 Broafiway. 
 
 OMAHA, NEB.— J. O. PHiLLiPPi Assistant General Freight and Passenger Agent. 
 
 Thos. F. GoDFREY..Pass"r and Tkt. Agt., N. E. cor. 13th and Farnam Sts. 
 
 W. C. Barnes Trav. Pass'r Agent, N. E. cor. 13th and Farnam Sis. 
 
 PITTSBURG, PA.— S, H. Thompson Central Passenger Agent, 1119 Liberty St. 
 
 PUEBLO, COLO.— AVm. Hogg Com. Freight and Ticket Agent. 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH— H. B. KoosER Com. Freight & Passenger. Agt., 
 
 Nos. 105 and 107 West Second (South) St. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.-T. F. Fitzgerald Pac.Coast Pass. Agt., 121 California St. 
 
 ST. JOSEPH, MO.— F. P. Wade Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 ST. LOUIS, MO.— B. H. Payne Assistant General Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 H. F. Berkley ...Pass. & Tkt. Agent, N- W. cor, Broadway and Olive St. 
 M. Griffin ...City Passenger Agent, N.W. cor. Broadway and Olive St. 
 
 H. LiHOU Ticket Agent, Union Station* 
 
 W. H. Morton Passenger Agent, Room 402, Union Station. 
 
 WICHITA, KAN.— E. E. Bleckley Passenger and Ticket Agent, 114 N. Main St. 
 
 C. G. WARNER, W. B. DODDRIDGE, 
 
 Vice-President, General Manager, 
 
 H. C. TOWNSEND, 
 
 General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
mm SOUTHWEST 
 
 SYSXEIVI, 
 
 OONNBOTING THE COMMERCIAL CENTRES AND RICH FARMS OP 
 
 MISSOURI, 
 
 THE BROAD CORN AND WHEAT FIELDS AND THRIVING TOWNS OF 
 
 KHNSHS, 
 
 THE FERTILE RIVER VALLEYS AND TRADE CENTRES OF 
 
 NEBRKSKH, 
 
 THE GRAND. PICTURESQUE AND ENCHANTING SCENERY. AND 
 THE FAMOUS MINING DISTRICTS OF 
 
 COL0RHDO, 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL. FRUIT. MINERAL AND TIMBER LANDS. AND 
 FAMOUS HOT SPRINGS OF 
 
 HRKHNSHS, 
 
 THE BEAUTIFUL ROLLING PRAIRIES AND WOODLANDS OP THE 
 
 INDIHN TERRITORY, 
 
 THE SUGAR. COTTON AND TIMBER PLANTATIONS OP 
 
 LOUISIHNH, 
 
 THE COTTON AND GRAIN FIELDS. THE CATTLE RANGES ANTD 
 WINTER RESORTS OP 
 
 TEXHS, 
 
 HISTORICAL AND SCENIC 
 
 OLD KND NEM MEXICO, (, 
 
 AND FORMS WITH ITS CONNECTIONS THE POPULAR ROUTE TO^.^ 
 
 KRIZONH HND CKLIFORNIK>